MRO Le

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“Omnes res create sunt divine sapientix et potenti testes, divitie felicitatis

humane :—ex harum usu onitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini;

ex ceconomia in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Harum. itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper eestimata ,

a veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper

inimica fuit.’””—Linnaus.

“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu’elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.’—Brvoxner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

Be eA es” 6 6)» 4 nL be.Sylyan powers

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818,

hay

MNUING

,20

Lemcke

ee 44:

CONTENTS OF VOL, I.

(EIGHTH SERIES. ]

NUMBER l.

Page

I. The Genera and Subgenera of the Sciuropterus Group, with

Descriptions of Three new Species. By OLDFIELD THOMAS ......

II. A Synoptic Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine (Curculionide).

Prt el MARSHAL G EZ. es deta wns ber ee reese sone

III. The Collections of William John Burchell, D.C.L., in the

Hope Department, Oxford University Museum :—

IV. On the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera collected by W. J. Bur-

chell in Brazil, 1825-1830. By Cora B. Sanpers, of

a geinconret tial Qxigrd. . sets. h sake hex ge ee od

1V. Notes on the Forficularia.—X. A Revision of the Neso-

Paste ey MALCOLM GURH, B.A. FLAS. FS) ics eee one 42

V. Notes on the Forficularia.—XI1. On new and little-known

Species and Synonymic Notes. By Matcotm Bork, B.A,, F.LS.,

MMA NE tee RS I rs scr aie’ erty & lsdngs nid tis he Bets» Gere cent ates 47

VI. Notes on the Forficularia.— XII. Note on the Genus Apachys,

merrelsy MALCOLM DURE, DA. g Eis, EES. ere cs pe ryens so 51

VII. Description of some new Species of Tabanide, with Notes

on some Hematopota. By GERTRUDE RICARDO..........+..0+ 54

VIII. New Eastern Lepidoptera. By Colonel C. SwinHok, M.A.,

EMAL PRT, 5 aOR ae is ertee tea UTR C eehs ayy cree he ee eee 8 3 60

TX. Two new Mammals from Asia Minor. By Gerrit 8.

a Per res A Sanath GP Pee eae Cis «wie secs om setae atye oe ate 68

X. A Survey of the Species and Varieties of Pupa, Draparnaud

(Jaminia, Risso), occurring in South Africa. By Jamss Cosmo

Metvitu, M.A., F.L.S., and Joun Henry Ponsonby, F.ZS.

Gr lateste ill.) Fei cess etn es ante tet nee tere curesndoerecers 70

XI. New Deep-sea Fishes from the South-west Coast of Ireland.

By E. W. L. Horr and L. W. Byrnz. (Plate Il.) ............ 86

XII. Description of a new Genus and Species of Cleride. By C.

EERO NU ete cee gible le aiSipindie-nieys c.nfeg gree g mee eas Seely se 95

XIII. The Recent Voles of the Microtus nivalis Group. By

Sea PELE ie ah ls AP ere ts Cs eevee Sabha ee ep eae

XIV. An Erroneous Echinodermal Identification. Corrected by

W. B. Benuam, D.Sc., F.R.S., Otago University, New Zealand .. 104

XV. Descriptions of Three new Freshwater Fishes from China.

By C. Tare Reean, M.A. (Plate LV.)... 0. ces cece reece eee e ees 109

XVI. Descriptions of new South-American Reptiles. By G. A.

POU LENGIR EL Lucia ts gates faa thea ein ae ccna aie wea eile nlecetDbilels 11]

F é>

Roe e es iD

\ TY

wie’ CONTENTS.

Page

XLVIII. Some Species of Leptochetrus, a Genus of Amphipoda.

By Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S. (Plates

ATES AU ee cae cate ciety cotace eles chccl ea 307

XLIX. Descriptions of Thirty new Species of Tabani from Africa

and Madagascar. By GpRrRUDE RICARDO ...........eceeeeees dll

L. Description of a new Elapine Snake from Australia, By G. A.

BouLENGun, FiRsS: aoe bien | pales one eee an 3338

LI. Note on the Type Specimen of a Blind Snake, Helminthophis

wildert (Garman), from Brazil. By A,G. Hammar ............ 304

LIT. A Note on Loligo media (L.). By Annu L. Massy, Depart-

ment of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland, Fisheries

Branch, Divblinw ¢.6 hi obese See ee ie eee 336

LITT. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XIX. By T. D. A.

Cockrre.n, University of Colorado: 4.275 .).a.6)s 4290 ee 337

LIV. On the Synonymy and Systematic Position of some Species

of Tabande described by Thunberg and Lichtenstein. By Ernest

Hi: AUSTEN. G.bfe Nets sisters euaeiee oe ee are Sis tee Seat Fos violin soe ee 344

LV. The Missing Premolar of the Chiroptera. By OLpFrELD

PHOMAG. <i pi 5 firs es eres eos 2 Pee DRe oe Sodan hed deme 346

LVI. A new Deer of the Brocket Group from Venezuela. By

OLDER Dy THOMAS) 1. 0 leis ieite wes corae ei lee sas es eae 349

LVII. Description of a new remarkable Crustacean with Primitive

Malacostracan Characters. By O. A. SAYCE......... ccc ewe eee, 350

LVIII. On some New and Curious Thysanoptera (Tubulifera)

from Papua. By Ricuarp 8. Baenatt, F.E.S. (Plates XIV. &

dG FEES RHEL EL SHEE ECS E EEE LTLA i Ake eee NE er el 305

LIX. Description of a Species of Palemon from near Sydney,

probably either a new Species or the Adult Form of Palemon

(Eupalemon) dane, Heller. By Dr. J. G. pz Man, of Ilerseke

(Holland). . (Plate X VIL)... sS83.Gu 4s tenes yi oe 363

LX. Description ofa new Cichlid Fish of the Genus Heterogramma

from Demerara. . By 0. Tarn Regan, MCA. ol... lesa eee 370

LXI. Description of a new Fish of the Genus G'alazxias from Chile.

By GsTare REGAN, DD AL ae os eee ibe beets tele bag oe 372

NUMBER 5.

LXIL. Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.—

No. XXIX. By Prof. M‘Intosu, M.D., LL.D.,F.R.S., &. (Plate

DG 'p Ey rete eee weeny ds ENN ee a oe TN aay cir, 373

LXIII. On certain African and §.-American Otters. By Oxp-

FIELD “VHOMAS #24205 04,0 nema sakes Ab wor tae cake melee Way sal oa 387

LXIV. The Inclusion of Foreign Bodies by Sponges, with a

Description of anew Genus and Species of Monaxonida. By Iaerna

B: J, SOLAS, ss auhadiu Au fa kiok shoes biden 400g

< CONTENTS. Vil

Page

LXV. New African Phlebotomic Diptera in the British Museum

(Natural History).—Part Il. Tubanide (continued). By Ernest

SMRIACHN ie ere Pian reve dn ee stadt i aeeewecdethentn et > 401

LXVI. On Philoscia patiencet, sp. n., a new Terrestrial Isopod.

By Ricuarp 8S. Baenatt, F.E.S. (Plate XVIIL)........ sree 428

LXVII. On Four little-known Names of Chiropteran Genera.

By KNUD ANDERSEN. 223 oo. ca ends ceeesbenlecdeaetaenedoenes 431

LXVIII. On the Extremity of the Tail in Ta abana By

H. G. Srztey, F.R.S., F.G.8., King’s College, London .......... 436

LXIX. On the frterlockive of the Neural Arches in Ichthyo-

sauria. By H. G. Srexey, F. R. S., F.G.S., King’s College, London. 441

LXX. Brachiopod Nomenclature: The Terebratule of the Crag.

Bi ee CKMAN, 1G Sea... cc ciug et epg 8 28s 6 ees eee eee ee 444

LXXI. New Asiatic Apodemus, Evotomys, and Lepus. By

Serer ime, COM ACCU Gir mastitis pike HAL eield tes Wd viegt Ve i vee ee S6 447

Proceedings of the Geological Society ..........e ee ee eevee 450—452

NUMBER 6.

LXXII. A Synopsis of the Sharks of the Family Scyhorhinide.

PiyetRC ATE EGAN, MOAY iy lc Lester ec Rete 8b Cae a 4538

LXXIII. Description of a new Species of the Genus Conus. By

MMU URES «Me LS. a yee AY cei cag Hint Varelis ae se U aa Mace 465

LXXIV, On a new Rhodesian Hare. By E. C0. CHUBB........ 466

LXXV. The Nomenclature of certain Lorises. By OLDFIELD

ee ME RD Cs Lh AN Aas Ei hes HAL RA ch eibieres Wp ok « 467

LXXVI. On a Stridulating-organ in certain African River-Crabs.

By W. T. Carman, D.Sc., British Museum (Natural History) .... 469

LXXVII. On the Moths collected during the Cruise of the

‘Valhalla’ during the Winter 1905-6 by Mr. E. G. B. Meade-

Waldo. By Sir Gzrorcs F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &e. ........ 474

LXXVIII. On the Occurrence of the Hydroid Cordylophora in

Egypt. By Cuaries L, BouLENGER, B.A...... 1... cece eee ees 2

LXXIX. A Synopsis of the Sharks of the Family Cestraciontide.

ape MEP LOCA Nik MOA Je ape ca dis acts ee alte None Oma we’ owes 493

LXXX. Additions to the Hymenopterous Genera Myzine and

Plesia. By Rowianp E. Turnur, F.Z.8., F.ES. ..... eee eee 497

LXXXI. Rhynchotal Notes—XLIV. By W.L. Distant ..,, 515

Proceedings of the Geological Society ........- 60s ceeese ee seees 531

The Type of’ Cidari ts, by Hubert Lyman Clark; The Cahow: Disco-

very in Bermuda of Fossil Bones and Feathers supposed to

belong'to the Extinct Bird called ““Cahow ” by the early Settlers,

Dyed, V OTP MER Ses clsic bats cod ee een oe heels 532, 533

Index Sere 62 o © 6.0 © FE 0.6. Ce 8 eee.» 6. ¢ 8 ff © ¢. 8 Chee eee eek € 6 eee OF. Cee are os 6 5 535

PLATES IN VOL. I.

PuatE I,

III. Cyttosoma helge.

IV. Freshwater fishes from China.

af Dexamine thea and Triteeta gibbosa.

Phytosaurian remains.

Species and varieties of Pupa.

Terrestrial Mollusca from South Africa.

ra Species of Blattide.

si New British Terrestrial Isopod.

cote Species of Leptocheirus.

re ae New and curious Thysanoptera from Papua.

ee Species of Paleemon from near Sydney.

XVII. Ophelia radiata.

XVIII. Philoscia patiencei.

ERRATA.

Page 73, line 25, for greater vead greatest.

5 74, ,, 4, for deflexed read reflexed.

», (0, 4, 96, for anfr, read dente.

9 (1) 9). 38, for tine read finer.

» @1, 3, 89, dele particularly and read less.

», 82, ,, 10, for cuticles read scratches.

5, 080, ,, 21 from bottom, for ocular read preocular.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAD HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

CO ssoerreyenotore per litora spargite muscum,

Naiades, et circtim vitreos considite fontes:

Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:

Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum.

At vos, o Nymphee Craterides, ite sub undas ;

Tte, recurvato variata corallia trunco

Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas

Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”

N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Wel, 1.

No. 1, JANUARY 1908.

I.—The Genera and Subgenera of the Sciuropterus Group,

with Descriptions of Three new Species. By OLDFIELD

‘THOMAS.

THE old genus Sciuropterus, as already indicated by Forsyth

Major and Heude, contains a very heterogeneous collection of

forms, and a study of them brings me to the conclusion that

they should be divided into at least six genera. Heude

has already erected the genus Trogopterus for the remark-

able Chinese species described as Pteromys vanthipes by Milne-

Edwards.

IoMYS, gen. nov.

Upper cheek-teeth subequal, square, with low ridges, the

usual high internal antero-posterior ridge almost obsolete as

a ridge, being represented by two separate cusps, to which

respectively the two usual transverse ridges run directly across

parallel to each other, instead of (as in Sciuropterus) con-

verging and nearly meeting on the external slope of the

highest part of the main antero-posterior internal ridge, As

Ann. & Mag. N, Hist. Ser. 8, Vol. i. 1

2 Mr, O. Thomas on the Genera and

a consequence the teeth appear from above to be simply

quadricuspidate, and when viewed from their inner aspect

show two definite cusps instead of the usual single crest.

No small upper premolar ( p*) present,

Usual antero-external cusp of p* situated more mesially on

the tooth, so as to function partially as a p*.

Bullee well inflated.

hee yee tots horsfieldi (Pteromys (Scturopterus) horsfieldh,

aterh

Other species : I. thomsoni, Thos. ; I. davisont, Thos.

This genus is readily distinguishable from any member of

the group by its peculiar quadricuspidate teeth and by the

entire suppression of p®.

Figures of upper and lower molars of J. horsfieldi have

been given in Dr. Major’s paper *.

BELOMYS, gen. nov.

Upper cheek-teeth brachyodont, but exceedingly compli-

cated, as in Trogopterus, masking the essential pattern, which

is, however, as in Sciuropterus. The ridges are deeply

erooved, wrinkled, and excavated, and not only is the postero-

internal cusp of each tooth separated by a deep notch from

the main part of the inner longitudinal crest, but the anterior

end of the same crest is cut off by another deep notch from

the middle part. The inner aspect of m* and m? shows there-

fore three cusps—a small anterior, a middle larger, and a

fairly developed posterior. Externally, where in some species

of Sciuropterus there is a small supplementary cusp at the

exit of the middle valley, there is a well-marked externally

projecting angle, deeply grooved down its centre, so as to

form a projecting gutter. p* not ee ales as in

Trogopterus, but nevertheless larger than m’; p® compara-

tively large, internal to the front cusp of p*.

Ears large, their bases in the known species with tufts of

bristles.

Type—Belomys pearsont (Sciuropterus pearsont, Gray).

Other species: BL. villosus, Blyth, from Upper Assam,

which is probably different from the Darjiling B. pearsont ;

B. kaleensis, Swinhoe, from Formosa; and the Manipur

species described below.

This form was included in Trogopterus by Heude on the

statement by Forsyth Major that its molars were of similar

pattern ¢ ; but it appears to me that the hypertrophy of p* in

* P. Z. 8, 1893, p. 194, pl. viii. fig. 21 and pl. ix, fig. 21.

Tt T.c. pl. viii. fig. 20 and pl. ix. fig. 20.

Subgenera of the Sciuropterus Group. 3

Trogopterus xanthipes is a character of generic rank, while in

addition that species is to a certain extent hypsodont, which

is not the case in Belomys.

With less complicated teeth than Belomys, though still

much more so than in Scturopterus, is

PTEROMYSCUS, gen. nov.

Molars agreeing with those of Belomys in their general

structure, but the degree of complication is less. Thus,

among other details, there is no notching off of an anterior

portion of the inner longitudinal boundary-wall, and the spout-

like projection in the middle of the outer edge is less

developed.

pa little smaller than in Belomys, barely or not equalling

m' in area. p* minute, closely crushed against the antero-

internal side of p*, and often hardly visible from above. It

is present in all the skulls available, but looks as if it could

hardly be of any functional value.

Kars quite small, untufted.

Type—Pteromyscus pulverulentus (Sciuropterus pulveru-

lentus, Giinth.).

A second species described below.

PETAURILLUS, gen. nov.

Molars with very low, rounded, and almost obsolete ridges,

quite different from the high and well-defined ridges present

in Sciuropterus, although their relative positions are much

the same. The ridges not wrinkled or notched.

p* distinctly smaller than m!; not of the usual triangular

shape, but nearly symmetrical, its outer scarcely longer than

its inner border. p* well developed, standing in front of the

centre of p*, not overlapped by it. The three anterior teeth

of the row, therefore, evenly and symmetrically diminish in

size forwards, a condition not found in any of the other

groups.

Skull in general form short, broad, and low, with a short

muzzle. Bulle well swollen, the mastoid portion also slightly

inflated.

Mamme 4.

Type—Petaurillus hoset (Scturopterus hose, Thos.).

A second species described below.

The two species of Petawrillus are the pigmies of the

group, being decidedly smaller than the smallest species of

Sciuropterus. ‘They are readily distinguishable by the straight

1®

4 Mr. O. Thomas on the Genera and

graduated series formed by their anterior cheek-teeth and by

the low and rounded nature of their molar ridges.

The genera now admitted of the smaller flying-squirrels

may be briefly indicated as follows :—

A. Molar pattern consisting essentially of two transverse

ridges converging internally towards the central part

of a longitudinal internal crest, though this structure

is marked in the very wrinkled-toothed forms.

Never as described under B.

a. Teeth excessively wrinkled. An outwardly pro-

jecting angle developed at the middle of the ex-

ternal edge. Postero-internal cusp well developed.

a’, Teeth semihypsodont. p* very large, twice the

Size Of In" 2. Sn seks es DRE ee Trogopterus.

b?, Teeth brachyodont. p* not or little larger than

m’,

a®, p® well developed; p* rather larger than m’.

Pars LAP MASE. Aalsie le ace setae See Belomys.

b°, p®? minute; p* rather smaller than m. Ears

Binal Sey cou angie re inita)s 8 606 678 GS eee Pteromyscus.

b. Teeth not excessively wrinkled. No projecting

angle on outer edge. Postero-internal cusp rarely

developed.

c?, p* generally a little larger than m’. Molar ridges

well developed 2.0.52 .5hshatwa cb See oe ee Sciuropterus.

d’. p* decidedly smaller than m'. Molar ridges low

and TOuUNdGI Aka as we (ge ey ee Petaurillus.

B. Molars each with two parallel transverse ridges rising

into cusps laterally, so that the tooth appears evenly

quadricuspidate from above, and shows two subequal

conical cusps on its inner aspect. p°® absent....... . Lomys.

An alternative key may be based on the characters of the

premolars only, as follows :—

A. Five cheek-teeth. p* present.

a. Large premolar (p*) approximately equal to or larger

than first molar (m'); p*® standing internal to its

anterior angle.

a’, p* very large, twice the size of m! oo... .. se eee Trogopterus.

6°. p* not or little larger than m!.

a’. p> small but functional.

a‘, p* more complicated, the anterior of its three

outer cusps highest; y*® not visible exter-

HEA es SO ay yey a sibs bles nh Se Belomys.

b*. p* less complicated, the antero-external cusp

shorter ; p® generally visible externally.... Sciwropterus.

6°, »* minute, apparently not functional ........ Pteromyscus.

b. p* decidedly smaller than m'; p* in front ofitscentre. Petaurdllus.

B. Four cheek-teeth. p®? absent.......-cecsseevoees .. Lomys.

But, further, the genus Scéwropterus, even as thus restricted,

baal

Subgenera of the Sciuropterus Group. 5

needs further division into subgenera, of which there appear

to me to be at least four. These may be distinguished as

follows :—

A. Bulle well inflated. Molar ridges high.

a. Mamme 8. (Holarctic.)

a’, Posterior transverse ridge of p*, m', and m” deeply

notched, so as to cut off a separate cusp in the

SU INOTAMPRIES ULORID Scho a iin soe ain od cad cee «4 Sciuropterus.

b?, Transverse ridges of teeth complete, as usual.... Glaucomys.

6. Mamme 6. (Oriental.)

c?, Bulle well inflated, often double. Molar ridges

APSA as oi aaig ae ai. 6 oiEW end «oe emt oa Hylopetes.

B. Bulle low, flat, little inflated. Molars with lower

ridges, their enamel usually much sculptured, and

with supplementary cusps between the transverse

IRR RIIRI OW lat OU bags a hw pike 20 @ aj 4 ano wae bo Petinomys.

Subgenus SclUROPTERTS.

Teeth more complex than in other members of the genus,

the cusps and ridges high and well defined. Internal wall of

each tooth grooved on its lingual aspect, so as to be more or

less divided into three, and approaching Belomys in this

respect. Posterior transverse ridge of p*, m’, and m’ deeply

notched halfway across at right angles to its length, its

dividing-line from the inner wall of the tooth also more

deeply notched in; as a result a distinct conical cusp is

isolated in the centre of the tooth. No similar structure is

found in any other member of the group.

Skull: muzzle narrow, with parallel sides which are nearly

at right angles to the spring of the zygomatic arch. Palatal

foramina comparatively large.

Range. Palearctic Region from Scandinavia to Japan.

Ty pe—Sciuropterus russicus, Tiedem.

Other species: S. momonga, Temm.; S. biichnert, Sat. ;

S, aluco, Thos.

GLAUCOMYS, subgen. nov.

Teeth comparatively simple; a slight tendency to the

development of grooves on the lingual side of the internal

wal]. Posterior transverse ridges complete, partially joined

internally to the outer slope of the internal wall, and without

any notch halfway across the tooth.

Muzzle long, tapered forwards, its sides meeting the spring

of the zygomata ata slant. Palatal foramina comparatively

small.

Mamme 8.

6 Mr. O. Thomas on the Genera and

Range. North America and N.W. Himalayas.

Type—Sciuropterus (Glaucomys) volans (Mus volans,

Linn.).

Other species : those of N. America, and also S. jimbriatus,

Gray.

Extraordinary as the above-given range may appear to be,

I can find no character of subgeneric importance to separate

the large Himalayan S. jfimbriatus from the N. American

flying-squirrels, while both are equally distinct from the

intervening species belonging to the restricted subgenus

Sciuropterus.

HyYLoPEtTEs, subgen. nov.

Teeth very much as in Glaucomys, though there is an ~

increasing tendency, which culminates in the next group, for

the enamel to be finely sculptured between and on the sides

of the ridges.

Bulle well inflated, sometimes doubled by the swelling up

of the posterior mastoid portion.

Mamme 6.

Range. Oriental Region from Nepal to the Malay Islands.

Type—fcruropterus (Hylopetes) everetti, Thos.

Other species: S. alboniger, Hodgs.; mnigripes, Thos. ;

spadaceus, Bly.; phayret, Bly.; aurantiacus, Wagn.; platy-

urus, Jent.; pheomelas, Giinth.; tephromelas, Gunth. ;

thomast, Hose.

PETINOMYS, subgen. nov.

Teeth with rather lower cusps and ridges than in true

Sciuropterus, the enamel rather more elaborately sculptured,

and with a more frequent development of accessory cusps,

especially at the outer exit of the valley between the two

main transverse ridges.

Skull broad and low, with a short muzzle. Bulle fairly

large horizontally, but peculiarly low and flattened, scarcely

rising above the general level of the base of the skull, their

substance unusually thick and opaque.

Mamme 4 or 6.

Range. S. India and Ceylon, Malay Peninsula and islands.

Type—Scturopterus (Petinomys) lugens, Thos.

Other species: S. fuscocapillus, Jerd.; hagent, Jent.;

meerens, Mill.; genibarbis, Horsf.; setosus, Temm.; vorder-

mannt, Jent.

I should have been inclined to consider the striking and

peculiar flattening of the bulle in this group as a generic

Subgenera of the Sciuropterus Group. 7

character, were it not that S. fuscocapillus and S. thomasi

tend to be intermediate in this respect between Petinomys

and [Hylopetes.

The following new members of the group may be here

described :-—

Belomys trichotis, sp. n.

External characters apparently very much as in B. pearsont,

though the ears of the single specimen seem to be a little

larger and more heavily tufted, and the hairs of the chest

are whitish without the slaty bases present in all our other

specimens of the group.

Skull with the nasals not surpassing posteriorly the frontal

processes of the premaxillaries,

Molars conspicuously lighter than in B. pearson, the tooth-

row not much shorter, but so much narrower that the palate-

breadth between the premolars exceeds the combined length

of p* and m’, while in pearsoni the same breadth only equals

the length of p*+half that of m4. The teeth themselves are

of essentially the same pattern, but owing to their smaller

size appear much more finely sculptured.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 196 mm.; tail 151; hind foot 32°5.

Skull: fronto-parietal suture to tip of nasals 28; nasals

12°2x6°5; interorbital breadth 8:1; intertemporal breadth

9°6 ; palatilar length 20; diastema 9°5; distance between

inner sides of p* 5°2; length of tooth-series 9, of molars

only 6:2.

flab. Manipur. Type from Machi.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 85. 8. 1.136. Collected

7th May, 1881. Presented by Allan O. Hume, Esq.

Pteromyscus borneanus, sp. n.

Very closely allied to the Malaccan P. pulverulentus,

Giinth., to which, without examination of the skull, I have

hitherto referred it. External characters very much as in

that species, the upper colour of the same blackish brown

flecked with light, but the light rings on the hairs which

form the fleckings are smaller and more nearly white. Under

surface of the body and of the basal third of the tail clearer

whitish, without the subdued buffy or ‘ clay-coloured”’

suffusion found in pulverulentus.

Skull rather larger than that of pulverulentus, the brain-

case broader, and both the interorbital and intertemporal

spaces noticeably wider.

8 Genera and Subgenera of the Sciuropterus Group.

Incisors broader and heavier, nearly one third broader than

in equally aged examples of pulverulentus.

Dimensions of the type (from skin) :-—

Head and body 290 mm.; tail 215; hind foot 41.

Skull: greatest length 46; basilar length 37:5; greatest

breadth 30; nasals 12°2x 7°85; interorbital breadth 10;

intertemporal breadth 12°3; breadth of brain-case 21;

palatilar length 20; length of upper tooth-series (probably

slightly reduced by age) 9.

Hab. Baram District, E. Sarawak.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 91. 8. 28.10. Collected in

1891 by Dr. Charles Hose.

Petaurillus emilie, sp. n.

Nearly allied to P. hosez, but smaller in all dimensions.

Colours in all respects quite like what the type of hosed

would probably have had if it had not been skinned out of

spirit, and therefore presumably discoloured. Thus the type

of emiliw, sent home as a skin, is paler rufous on the back

(tips of hairs near vinaceous-cinnamon of Ridgway), and the

belly is pure white, without the slight rufous tinge already

suggested as possibly due to spirit. Cheeks pale buffy

whitish, no darker line perceptible below the eye. In all

other respects the original description of hosei will fit emilia.

Skull, apart from its markedly smaller size, quite like that

of hosei, except that the nasals do not project backwards

beyond the fronto-premaxillary processes.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :—

Head and body 72 mm. ; tail 62, its longest lateral hairs 7 ;

hind foot 17.

Dimensions of an adult female in spirit :—

Head and body 68 mm.; tail 67; hind foot 16; ear 15.

Skull (of type): greatest length 24; basilar length 17:5;

greatest breadth 15°2; length of nasals 6°13; interorbital

breadth 6°5; palatilar length 9.6; length of upper cheek

tooth-series 3°9, of true molar series 2°7.

Hab. Baram, E. Sarawak.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 3.4.9.1. Collected 14th

May, 1901, by Dr. Charles Hose.

Readily distinguishable from P. hoset by its much smaller

size.

I have much pleasure in naming this pretty little flying-

squirrel, the smallest member of the group, in honour of

Mrs. Hose, the wife of the discoverer of its only near ally.

A Synoptic Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine. 9

II.—A Synoptic Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine (Curcu-

lionide). By Guy A. K. MArsHaLt, F.Z.S.

In the Berliner ent. Zeits. for 1886 (p. 100) the late

Dr. Faust published a revision of Lacordaire’s tribe Tany-

rrhynchides, in which he then included seven genera. In

1889 he gave an additional table of the genera allied to

Myorrhinus, two of which were described as new (Deutsche

ent. Zeits. p. 140). Since that time a considerable number

of new forms have been discovered which must be referred

to this group, and, as many of these require new genera for

their reception, it seems advisable to give a fresh working

synopsis of the whole group. This revision has been rendered

possible by the kindness of Dr. K. M. Heller, of Dresden,

and Prof. Yngve Sjéstedt, of Stockholm, who have been

good enough to lend me many types and co-types from their

museums; and I am also much indebted to Mr. H, E.

Andrewes for the loan of co-types of three Indian species

described by Faust.

Before entering into any definition of the group, it may

be well to point out that Faust, when dealing with Tany-

rrhynchus, always treated 7’. costirostris, Boh., and its near

allies as the typical forms of the genus. It was for the

reception of these very species that, a few years ago, I

proposed the genus Stramia (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, 1. p. 140),

and the validity of that genus has been confirmed by an

examination of the type of Tanyrrhynchus, viz. T. strigi-

rostris, Sparrm.

The species of Séramda differ not only from Tanyrrhynchus,

but also from all the genera here associated with it, in the

structure of the mouth-parts. The peduncle of the submentum

is very markedly produced and the mentum itself is quite

small,-being very little larger than the peduncle, so that the

maxille and their palpi are entirely exposed when the

mandibles are closed. In the Tanyrrhynchine, as here

defined, this condition never occurs. In their case the

peduncle of the submentum is always small, sometimes very

small, while the mentum is large (many times larger than

the peduncle) and nearly fills the whole buccal cavity behind

the mandibles, when closed; the maxillary palpi are thus

entirely hidden (or occasionally their extreme apices may be

seen just projecting beyond the apex of the mentum) and the

maxille themselves are more or less completely hidden, being

more exposed at the base the more the peduncle is developed.

In addition to these buccal characters, Stramia may be dis-

10 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall—A Synoptic

tinguished from Tanyrrhynchus by its lateral scrobes, the

internal denticulation of the intermediate tibie, the absence

of a femoral tooth, the strong curvature of the scape at its

apex, the much greater width of the episterna of the meta-

sternum, &c. In the structure of its mouth-parts, as well

as in many other characters, Stramza shows considerable

affinity with Hipporrhinus, and I see no reason for altering

my previous suggestion that it should be associated with

that genus. For similar reasons the nearly allied genus

Solenorrhinus, Schh., must also be removed into Lacordaire’s

Hipporrhinides.

With the removal of these two elements the mouth-parts

of the genera of Tanyrrhynchine become sufficiently homo-

geneous in character. From what has been said above with

regard to the mentum it is clear that they cannot be regarded

as true Phanerognathi, and owing to the comparatively large

size of that organ, in relation to the buccal cavity, it seems

preferable to regard them as slightly transitional Adelognathi.

From all of these latter, with the exception of the very

distinct Brachycerine, they may be distinguished by a

combination of two characters, viz.: the comparatively

slender and prominent mandibles, and the absence of a

mandibular scar; and these have probably been developed

correlatively with the greater elongation of the rostrum,

which also characterizes the group as compared with normal

adelognaths. But here again there are signs of transition.

In Zanyrrh. strigirostris, Sparrm., T. squalidus, Boh., and

(what I take to be) 7’. loripes, Boh., there are faint indications

of mandibular scars; but owing to their ill-defined character

and outwardly oblique position, it seems improbable that

they can really serve as supports for temporary false man-

dibles. They are perhaps mere rudiments indicating that the

Tanyrrhynchine have comparatively recently diverged from

the Otiorrhynchide, in the sense of Leconte and Horn. This

is borne out by the apparent affinities which can be traced

between Aosseterus and Piazomias (‘Tanymecides), Sympiezo-

rrhynchus and Ellimenistes (OQosomides), and Tanyrrhynchus

and Hremnus (liremnides).

In many of the genera the position of the eyes is abnormal.

In Synaptocephalus, Myorrhinus, Anathresa, and some Hapto-

merus they are more or less closely approximated on the.

forehead; but in Stereorrhynchus, Umzila, Malosomus,

Opseorrhinus, Atmesta, Huphalia, and some Haptomerus

they are situated considerably further forward, so as to be

placed on what would normally be considered as the basal

part of the rostrum. In the great majority of species the

Revision of the Tanyrrhynchinee. 11

rostrum presents the somewhat characteristic feature of being

covered with scaling on the dorsal surface, but quite bare

and very shiny beneath. In the genera allied to Myorrhinus

and Stereorrhynchus the underside of the rostrum is apt to be

more or less strongly compressed laterally, so that in cross-

section it would appear to be roughly triangular with the

apex downwards. ‘lhe scrobes are always visible from above,

at least at the insertion of the antenna, and are usually

quite dorsal in position, being sometimes very closely

approximated and foveiform.

As at present known, the great majority of genera are

peculiar to Africa, and only a few species are known from

the following localities: Eastern Hurope, Arabia, India, and

Australia.

Synopsis of Gienera.

1. (18.) Corbels of posterior tibiee cavernous

or subcavernous, ?. e. with their

external margin bent inwards

more or less broadly (narrowly

in Synaptocephalus).

2. (3.) Rostrum separated from head by a

transverse impressed line.—*

Scape reaching thorax; claws

connate at base; funicle with

joint 2 much longer than 1, and

1 longer than 3; elytra without

SIGOL BOLD 7 G'h om Hepinihs agte lt < ot 1. Sympiezorrhynchus,

Schh. (S. Africa.)

(2.) Rostrum continuous with the head.

. (13.) Scape of antennez exceeding an-

terior margin of eye.

(6) Tarsal claws free.—Eyes lateral ;

scrobes sublateral; antenne in-

serted about middle of rostrum,

the two basal joints of funicle

equal ; tarsi with joint 1 as broad

as 3; elytra with depressed sete. 3. Lipothyrea, Pase.

(Australia. )

(5.) Tarsal claws connate at base.

. (10.) Scrobes dorsal, very close together,

the space between them narrower

than base of scape; antenne

long and slender, the scape ab-

ruptly clavate-—Elytra with long

* In every case the characters given after the rule are always present

in the section to which they belong, and they may or may not be present

in the next corresponding section, They are not therefore absolutely

discriminative characters, but will serve to facilitate exact determination

of a genus.

10.

Mr. G. A. K. Marshall—A Synoptic

erect sete; antenne inserted

beyond middle of rostrum, but

at some distance from apex.

(9.) Eyes lateral; funicle with joint 2

evidently longer than 1........

(8.) Eyes dorsal, very close together,

the ‘space between them much

narrower than the scape; the

two basal joints of funicle sub-

pqual ia. vuee ee wane ons

(7.) Scrobes sublateral, the space be-

tween them much broader than

the base of the scape; antennee

shorter and thicker, the scape

eradually dilated to apex.—Hyes

lateral.

(12.) Antenne inserted behind middle

of rostrum, funicle with joint 2

scarcely longer than 3; prothorax

scarcely narrower than the

broadest part of the elytra;

elytra broadest near base, strongly

acuminate behind, each elytron

with a minute apical spine ; body

with erect setze ; tarsi with joint

1 nearlyvas broad as 3 ........

12, (11.) Antenne inserted near apex of

13.

rostrum, funicle with joint 2

much longer than 8; prothorax

much narrower than elytra;

elytra broadest about middle,

without apical spines; body_

with no erect sete; tarsi with

joint 1 much narrower than 3..

(4.) Scape of antenne not exceeding

anterior margin of eye; claws

connate.

. (15.) Rostrum long and strongly curved,

narrower at the base than the

space between the eyes; scrobe

not deflected, but continued right

up to the eye; funicle with the

two basal joints equal, joint 7 as

long as broad.—Elytra with erect

SOL, s/osns weer te isthe e te

. (14.) Rostrum deflected, but almost

straight, evidently broader at the

base than the space between the

eyes; scape strongly deflected,

passing far below the eye;

funicle with joint 1 longer than

2,7 strongly transverse.

4, Zeugorygma, Mshl.

(S. Africa.) _

5. Goniorrhinus, Fst.

(S. Africa.)

6. Xynea, Pase.

(Australia.)

2, Bicodes, gen. nov.

(S. Africa.)

i. Synaptonye, Waterh.

(Australia.)

Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine. 13

16. (17.) Rostrum distinctly narrowed from

base to near apex, the apical

margin dilated and with a short

recurved process on each side;

eyes lateral; prothorax only

slightly narrower at apex than

at base; elytra very broadly

ovate, with subdepressed setee,. 8. Huonyx, gen. nov.

(S. Africa.)

17. (16.) Rostrum parallel-sided, the apical

margin not dilated, nor reflexed ;

eyes dorsal or subdorsal; pro-

thorax much narrower at apex

than at base; elytra elongate,

with short erect sete ........ 9. Synaptocephalus, Fst.

(A frica.)

18. (1.) Corbels of posterior tibiz open.

19. (20.) Scape not exceeding anterior mar-

gin of eye.—Claws connate ;

funicle with joint 1 longer than

2; elytra narrowly marginate at

WORQUM Phas te. eke oa'so s ~.. 10, Aosseterus, Schh.

(S. Africa.)

20. (19.) Scape exceeding anterior margin

of eye.

21, (42.) Rostrum continuous with the head.

22. (39.) Eyes dorsal or subdorsal, the space

between them not broader than

that between the bases of the

antennee.

(26.) Tarsal claws connate at base.

24, (25.) Femora unarmed ; tarsi with joint

1 evidently narrower than 3 .. 12. Haptomerus, Fst.

(Ikurope & Africa.)

25. (24.) All the femora with a distinct

tooth; tarsi with joint | almost

gai broad: 49. Sty tte es Su ee es 11. Myorrhinus, Schh.

(Europe. )

26. (23.) Tarsal claws free.

27. (28.) Head subglobose; eyes almost

circular, situated quite close to

the anterior margin of prothorax. 13. Anathresa, gen. nov.

(S. Africa. )

28. (27.) Head elongate; eyes elongate, de-

pressedand longitudinal, situated

at extreme apex of head, the

space between the posterior mar-

gin of eye and the apical margin

of prothorax equal to, or greater

than, the length of the eye.—

Base of rostrum as broad as the

head across the eyes.

29. (38.) Byes ovate, without any humeral

angle.

30. (81.) Intermediate coxa contiguous;

tarsi with joint 1 as broad as 3,

14 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall—A Synoptic

— Antenne inserted about

middie Girostruul ek cue swiss 14. Stereorrhynchus, Lac.

(S. Africa.)

51. (30.) Intermediate coxee separated ;

tarsi with joint 1 narrower

than 3.

32. (37.) Basal margin of prothorax not bi-

sinuate, truncate in middle;

funicle with joint 1 longer than

2; elytra ovate.

33. (34.) Scrobes elongate, produced shal-

lowly backwards; antenne in-

serted about middle of rostrum.

Rostrum longer than the head.. 15. Umzila, gen. nov.

(S. Africa.)

34. (33.) Scrobes foveiform, subapical; an-

tennee inserted nearer apex of

rostrum.

35, (36.) Rostrum not longer than the head

(measured to anterior margin of

eye); episternal suture of meta-

sternum obsolete ........0e6- 16. Malosomus, Fst.

(India, Arabia, Abyssinia.)

36, (85.) Rostrum evidently longer than the

head; episternal suture of meta-

sternum distinct and complete.. 17. Atmesza, Pase.

(Australia. )

37. (82.) Basal margin of prothorax deeply

bisinuate, sharply angulate in

middle; funicle with joint 2

longer than 1; elytra globose.

—Femora with a small tooth ;

elytra without sete .......... 18. Opseorrhinus, Fst.

| (India.)

38. (29.) Elytra suboblong, with a distinct

humeral angle.—Rostrum not

longer than head; funicle with

joint 2 slightly longer than 1;

elytra without erect setee..,... 19. Huphalia, Pase.

(Australia. )

39. (22.) Eyes lateral, the space between

them always broader than the

space between the bases of the

antenne.

40. (41.) Tarsal claws free; femora armed

with a small tooth; posterior

coxee broader than the abdominal

intercoxal process ....++...++. 20. Tanyrrhynchus, Schh.

(S. Africa.)

4]. (40.) Tarsal claws connate at base ;

femora unarmed; posterior

coxee not broader than the ab-

dominal intercoxal process .... 21. Eremnodes, gen. nov.

(Madagascar. )

42, (21.) Rostrum separated from head by a

transverse impressed line.—Hyes

compressed, subdorsal, the space

Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine. 15

between them about as broad as

that between the antenne ; the

latter inserted close to apex, long’

and slender, the scape exceeding

the anterior margin of the pro-

thorax; scrobescontinued broadly

right up to the eyes; femora

unarmed.

43, (44.) Tarsal claws connate ; funicle with

joint 1 much longer than 2;

second tarsal joint narrowly

PASIMPALOR Wicle uisialicheies v.gtete m6 1d, iL bue 22. Ephimerostylus, Fst.

(Africa.)

44, (43.) Tarsal claws free; funicle with

joint 2 much longer than 1;

second tarsal joint broadly tri-

rhea tags TEE al Ua ip Aste diy 23. Nastomma, gen. nov.

(S. Africa.)

1. SYMPIEZORRHYNCHUS, Schh.

Sympiexorrhynchus, Schh, Gen, Cure. vii. 1, p. 170 (1843).—Type

S, camelus, Boh. |

Synopsis of Species.

1, (4.) Prothorax with a broad dorsal

elevation.

2, (3.) Eyes depressed, subdorsal, the space

between them narrower than the

diameter of the eye and bearing a

deep frontal furrow ; rostrum with

a narrow, almost parallel-sided,

dorsal elevation from antenne to

base, the space between the scrobes

scarcely broader than the base of

the scape; basal margin of pro-

thorax strongly rounded; elytra

RIDNOSGe Wieden ee ey ten a clan sin 1. S. camelus, Boh.

3. (2.) Eyes convex, lateral, the space be-

tween them much broader than

the diameter of the eye and with

only a shallow frontal impression ;

dorsal elevation of rostrum nar-

nowest behind the antenne and

strongly dilated towards the base,

the space between the scrobes

much broader than the base of the

scape ; basal margin of prothorax

subtruncate ; elytra ovate ...... 2. S. pulvinatus, sp. n.

4, (1.) Prothorax not elevated dorsally,

simply convex.

5. (6.) Eyes lateral, the space between them

hardly narrower than the base of

the TOSGE Eats a's idais cnt 6 bsis 3. S. signatus, Boh.

6. (5.) Eyes subdorsal, the space between

them much narrower than the base

of the rostrinmives eee.) eee ee. . 4, S. inafectatus, Boh,

16 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall—A Synoptic

1. Sympiezorrhynchus camelus, Boh., Schh. 0. c. p. 171.

Natau: Malvern (C. N. Barker), Isipingo (G. A. K. M.).

TYPE in the Stockholm Museum.

2. Sympiezorrhynchus pulvinatus, sp. n.

Long. 44, lat. 24 mm.

Pallide viridis, fronte et prothoracis elevatione brunneis, elytrorum

interstitiis 2 et 4 pallide brunnescentibus.

Caput conyexum, oculis lateralibus, fronte lata, in medio minus

profunde impressa. Rostrum a capite impressione profunda

separatum, in dorso elevatum, elevatione versus basin valde

ampliata et supra canaliculata. Prothorax transversus, postice

subtruncatus, lateribus paulo rotundatus, prope basin latior, intra

apicem leviter constrictus, supra late pulvinato-elevatus, gibbo

rugoso ineequali. LHlytra late ovata, ad basin conjunctim sinuata,

subtiliter punctato-striata, interstitiis latis subplanis, setis

brevissimis squamiformibus obsitis.

JAPE COLONY (coll. Fry).

‘TYPE in the British Museum.

3. Symptezorrhynchus signatus, Boh., Schh. @. c p. 173.

CAPE COLONY.

TYPE in the Stockholm Museum.

4, Sympiezorrhynchus inafectatus, Boh., Schh. l. c. p. 172.

CapE CoLtony: Grahamstown (coll. Fry).

‘TYPE in the Stockholm Museum.

2. BICODES, gen, nov.

Caput breviter subconicum, cum rostro continuum. Rostrum

capite longius, subparallelum, leviter arcuatum, subtus rotun-

datum et squamosum, scrobibus supernis, postice late sed parum

profunde ad oculos continuatis. Antenne sat valide, prope

apicem rostri inserts, scapo leviter arcuato, ad apicem gradatim

parum ampliato, funiculi articulo secundo quam primo perpaulum

longiore. Prothorax postice bisinuatus, antice truncatus, nec

pone oculos lobatus, intra apicem levissime constrictus. LElytra

ovata, tenuiter punctato-striata, ad basin conjunctim emarginata,

humeris nullis, setis vix perspiciendis. Pedes sat validi;

femora mutica; tibie intus non crenulate, postice corbulis

valde cavernosis; tarsi articulo primo quam tertio multo

angustiore, secundo evidenter transverso, unguiculis ad basin

connatis. Abdomen segmento primo postice truncato, segmento

2=3+44. Coxis posticis elytra attingentibus ; metasternum

suturé episterni omnino obsoleta.

Revision of the 'Tanyrrhynchine. 17

Tyre B. vittatus, sp. n.

This genus is extremely similar to Sympiezorrhynchus,

but in this latter the head is separated from the rostrum by

an impressed line, the episternal suture of the metasternum

is quite distinct in the basal half, the posterior coxe do not

reach the elytra, the apical margin of the first abdominal

segment is slightly sinuate, and finally the scrobe is con-

tinued backwards as a narrow curved furrow, quite distinct

from the broad lateral impression of the rostrum.

The following is the only species at present known :—

1. Bicodes vittatus, sp. n.

Long. 3-44, lat. 14-22 mm.

Piceus, lete viridi- aut aureo-viridi-squamosus; prothorax vittis

duabus fuscis dorsalibus latis male definitis; elytra interstitiis

1 et 4 et 5 a basi ultra medium fusco-squamosis.

Caput convexum, fronte lata, in medio stria minuta instructa,

oculis lateralibus convexis. Rostrum dorso subelevatum, supra

fere planum, nec carinatum nec canaliculatum. Antenne

ferrugines, viridi-squamose. Prothorax paulum latior quam

longior, lateribus leviter rotundatus, prope basin latior, antice

attenuatus ; supra convexus, punctis parvis confluentibus

(a squamis densis omnino conditis) undique obsitus, sed margine

antico glabro impunctato. lytra ovata, lateribus fortiter

rotundata, prope medium latiora, punctato-striata, interstitiis

latis subplanis sub squamositate nitidis et subtiliter coriaceis.

Pedes ferruginei, viridi-squamosi.

Navan: Frere (G. A. K. M.).

TYPE in the British Museum.

3. LIPOTHYREA, Pasc.

Lipothyrea, Pasc, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) ix. p. 375 (1882).

This genus was placed by Pascoe in the Leptopides, but it

entirely lacks the mandibular scar, which is very well

developed in the typical members of that group. It is

certainly in a far more natural position among the Tanyrrhyn-

chine. There is only one species,

1. Lipothyrea chloris, Pase. 1. ¢.

AUSTRALIA: Port Bowen.

TYPE in the British Museum.

ds ZEUGORYGMA, Mshl.

Zeugorygma, Mshl. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, ii. p. 923.—Type Z. hirta,

Mshl.

Ann. & Mag. N. Mist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 2

18 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall—A Synoptic

Synopsis of Species.

1. (2.) Serobes foveiform, not continued pos-

teriorly; rostrum not carinate; funicle

with joints 3 and 4 equal ............ 1. Z. hirta, Mshl.

2, (1.) Scrobes continued posteriorly for some

distance, their upper margin bearing a

distinct carina; funicle with joint 3

longer nen Ae t vanes seaniies 2. Z. orangiea, Mshl.

1. Zeugorygma hirta, Mshl. l. c. p. 924.

Nata: Estcourt (A. #. Haviland), Frere (G. A. K. M.).

Tyre in the British Museum.

2. Zeugorygma orangie, Mshl. 7. c. p. 924.

ORANGE Cotony: Bothaville (Dr. H. Brauns). CApr

Cotony: Port Elizabeth (Dr. Brauns).

Type in the British Museum.

5. GONIORRHINUS, Faust (emend.).

Goniorhinus, Fst. D. e. Z. 1889, p. 142.

Faust states that in this genus the intermediate coxe are

contiguous ; such, however, is not the case. These coxe are

narrowly separated as in all other genera of Tanyrrhynchine

except Stereorrhynchus, Lac.

1. Goniorrhinus erinaceus, Fst. l. c. p. 143.

TRANSVAAL.

TYPE in the Dresden Museum.

6. XYNA, Pasc.

AXynea, Pase. Journ. Ent. ii. p. 419 (1865).

1. Xyne@a saginata, Pasce. l. c. p. 420, pl. xvii. fig. 2.

AUSTRALIA: Gawler.

TYPE in the British Museum.

7. SYNAPTONYX, Waterh.

Synaptonyx, Waterh. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1853, p. 187.

In the Munich Catalogue this genus is erroneously attri-

buted to Wollaston.

1. Synaptonyx ovatus, Waterh. J. c. p. 187.

AUSTRALIA.

TYPE in the British Museum.

Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine. 19

8. Euonyx, gen. nov.

Caput breve transversum, cum rostro continuum, oculis depressis

distantibus lateralibus. Rostrum capite triplo longius, a basi

versus apicem valde attenuatum, sed in ipso apice lateraliter

reflexo-dilatatum, subtus compressum nudum nitidum; scrobes

ad apicem tantum subdorsales, mox infra fortiter deflexi, longe

sub oculis desinentes. Antenne breves, in medio rostri inserte,

scapo marginem anticum oculi vix excedente, funiculi articulo

primo quam secundo multo longiore, articulis apicalibus brevis-

Simis tranversis, clava late ovata. Prothorax antice et postice

subtruncatus, nec pone oculos lobatus, nec ad apicem constrictus,

Elytra late ovata, humeris nullis, tenuiter punctato-striata.

Pedes mediocres, femoribus muticis, tiblis interne non crenulatis,

corbulis posticis subcavernosis, tarsorum articulo tertio quam

primo latiore, unguiculis parvis connatis. Cox postice elytra

attingentes. Episternum metasternale parvum subtriangulare,

postice angustatum et abbreviatum,

Tyee £, sulcirostris, sp. n.

The chief characters which distinguish this genus are the

anterior narrowing of the rostrum, with its recurved apical

margin, and the structure of the episterna of the metasternum.,

The sharp lateral deflection of the scrobes is also a striking

character, which is otherwise only to be found in Synapto-

cephalus.

1, Huonyz sulctrostris, sp, n.

Long. 24-34, lat. 11-2 mm.

Brunneus aut piceus, pallide cervino- et ceesio-squamosus, reflexione

submetallica.

Caput convexum, fronte lata, stria media angusta instructa,

Rostrum unisulcatum, sulco in medio Jatiore, versus basin et

apicem angustato, supra (velut in capite) setis brevibus sub-

erectis dense obsitum. Antenne ferruginez, pallido-setose.

Prothorax transversus, antice quam ad basin paulo tantum

angustior, lateribus rotundatus, in medio latior, supra convexus,

levis, dense squamosus et setis parvis suberectis obsitus. Elytra

late ovata, in medio latiora, convexa, subtiliter punctato-striata,

interstitiis latis, fere planis, setis albis parvis subdepressis seriatim

dispositis. Pedes ferruginel, pallido-squamosi,

TRANSVAAL.

‘YPE in the Dresden Museum.

9, SYNAPTOCEPHALUS, Faust.

Synaptocephalus, Fst. S. e. Z. 1890, p. 185.—Type S, kolbei, Fst,

20 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall—A Synoptic

Synopsis of Species.

. (6.) Eyes dorsal or subdorsal, forehead much

narrower than the rostrum; prothorax

with no trace of an ocular lobe or

vibrisse.

. (8.) Rostrum tricarinate dorsally, not impressed

laterally in front of the eye; scrobes

continued right beneath the rostrum

and almost meeting at its base ...... 1. S. hellert, sp. n.

. (2.) Rostrum not carinate, with a more or less

distinct central furrow and with an

evident basal subtriangular impression

just in front of the eye ; scrobes shorter,

ending on the side of the rostrum and

not continued beneath it.

. (5.) Eyes very close together, forehead not

broader than the apex of the scape; base

of elytra truncate, its external angles

not, projecting, jag. atessteve ane me ees 2. S. kolbet, Fst.

. (4.) Eyes further apart, the forehead much

broader than the apex of the scape; base

of elytra broadly sinuate, its external

angles projecting slightly forwards .... 3. S. faust, sp. n.

. (1.) Eyes entirely lateral, forehead much

broader than the rostrum; prothorax

with a faint lateral lobe and distinct

postoculan, VIDTISE® 1... 00. we. Ve sneer 4, S. jekeli, Fst.

1. Synaptocephalus helleri, sp. n.

Long. 43-52, lat. 17-23 mm.

Niger, viridi- aut subaureo-squamosus, squamis fuscis intermixtis ;

prothorax vittis tribus latis subdenudatis notatus.

Caput subconicum convexum, oculis subdorsalibus depressis

approximatis, fronte quam clava antennarum angustiore.

Rostrum rectum parallelum, longitudini prothoracis equale, supra

leviter tricarinatum, carinis antice abbreviatis; scrobes valde

profundi, subtus ad basin rostri continuati et ibi approximati.

Prothorax transversus subconicus, ad basin latior, antice valde

angustatus, lateribus rotundatus, basi apiceque truncatus, antice

ad latera nec lobatus nec fimbriatus, supra convexus, undique

punctis parum profundis subconfluentibus instructus. Elytra ad

basin leviter conjunctim sinuata, angulis externis non projectis,

fortiter punctato-striata, interstitiis parum convexis.

MASHONALAND: Salisbury (G. A. K. M.).

TYPE in the British Museum.

In general facies this species is extremely like S. kolber,

Fst.

Synaptocephalus kolbei, Fst. 8. e. Z. 1890, p. 186.

ZANZIBAR (Miller). GERMAN EK. Arrica: Usaramo,

Mwiansi (Ff. Stuhlmann).

TYPE in the Dresden Museum.

Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine. 21

3. Synaptocephalus faust, sp. n.

Long. 64, lat. 2? mm.

Niger, squamulis densis pallide virescentibus undique obsitus.

Caput subconicum convexum, oculis sublateralibus depressis, fronte

quam claya antennarum latiore, in medio tenuiter canaliculata.

Rostrum rectum parallelum, prothorace brevius, ad latera ante

oculos triangulariter impressum, supra planum, canaliculo tenui

antice abbreviato instructum ; scrobes non sub rostro continuati,

in ipso latere desinentes, postice minus profundi. Prothorax

omnino similis ac in S. helleri, sed paulum latior et margine

basali leviter sinuato. Elytra etiam velut in S. helleri, sed

angulis externis baseos prominulis, squamositate densiore et

pallidiore.

Wuite NILz (fichier).

Type in the Dresden Museum.

This species stood in Faust’s collection under the MS.

name of S. viridis, Fst. It quite resembles S. kolbet, Fst.,

in general facies.

4, Synaptocephalus jekeli, Fst.

Aosseterus jekelt, Fst. Berl. ent. Zeit. 1886, p. 101.

N.W. RuopestA: Leshumo (Holub), Gambesi River

(Dr. Bradshaw).

Type in the Dresden Museum.

The exact position of this species is doubtful, but it appears

to me to have more characters in common with Synapio-

cephalus than with Aosseterus, and it has certainly quite the

distinctive facies of the former. In the following characters,

which distinguish these two genera, jekeli agrees with

Synaptocephalus :—

Synaptocephalus.—Corbels of posterior tibie narrowly

cavernous; lateral margin of elytra with a small emargination

near base for the reception of the head of the metasternal

episternum ; the suture of this episternum only visible at the

extreme base; prothorax broadest at base, much narrower at

apex ; elytra not constricted at base.

Aosseterus.—Corbels of posterior tibia open; elytra not

emarginate laterally near base; suture of metasternal epi-

sternum complete and distinct ; prothorax scarcely narrower

at apex than at base, its sides strongly rounded and broadest

at middle; elytra shallowly constricted at base.

10. AossETERUS, Schh.

Aosseterus, Schh. Mant. Sec. Fam. Cure, p, 75 (1847).—Type

A. argentatus, Fahy.

22 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall—A Synoptic

Synopsis of Spectres.

1, (2.) Eyes subcompressed, nearer together,

the space between them narrower

than that between the antenne ;

apical lateral margin of prothorax

WIENOUL Wi DYISS ES < is.6 cule mys & of

2. (1.) Eyes entirely lateral, convex, the

space between them about twice as

broad as that between the antenne ;

prothorax with distinct vibrissee.

3. (4.) Head with a fine central stria which

is continued nearly to apex of

rostrum; scrobe continued broadly

up to the eye; size 53-64 mm.....

4, (8.) Head without a stria ; rostrum with

a fine stria on the apical half only ;

scrobe narrower, curved more down-

wards, and ending far from the eye;

size 3 mm.

eeoeteeeeretreeeveevenves

1. A. strigirostris, Fahy.

2. A. argentatus, Fahr.

3. A. melancholicus, Fahy.

1. Aosseterus strigirostris, Fahy, Gifv. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh.

1871, p. 11.

A osseterus cinerascens, Fahr. 1. c. p. 12.

S.E. AFRICA.

Type in the Stockholm Museum, also the type of

cinerascens.

After a careful examination of the type specimens I can

find no character to warrant the recognition of cinerascens as

a good species; it differs from the typical form only in its

smaller size and more grey colouring.

2. Aosseterus argentatus, Fahy. l. c. p. 11.

TRANSVAAL (Dr. Chew, A. Béttcher).

TypE in the Stockholm Museum.

3. Aosseterus melancholicus, Fahr. l. c. p. 12.

S.E. AFRICA.

TYPE in the Stockholm Museum.

11. MyorruInus, Schh.

Myorhinus, Schh, Disp. Meth. p. 213 (1826).—Type M. albolineatus, F

Synopsis of Species.

1. (2.) Funicle with joint 1 much shorter

than 2; femora only slightly clavate.

2, (1.) Funicle with the two basal joints

equal; femora strongly elavate....

1. M. albolineatus, ¥

2. M. subvittatus, Fairm.

Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine. 23

1. Myorrhinus albolineatus, F. (Curculio) Ent. Syst. i. 2,

p. 490 (1792) ; Oliv. Ent. v. 83, p. 423, pl. 23. fig. 322

(1807); Gyl., Schh. Gen. Cure. il. p. 531 (1836).

Myorhinus stevent, Gyl. l.. ¢. p. 580..

Europe.

TYPE (?).

2. Myorrhinus subvittatus, Fairm. Ann. Soc. Ent. France,

1866, p. 267.

AstA MINOR.

Type (? in coll. Lédérer).

—

12. HaproMERUS, Faust.

Haptomerus, Fst. D. e, Z. 1889, p. 142.—Type H. leydus, Brullé.

Synopsis of Species.

. (10.) Elytra without erect sete; fore-

head not sulcate between the eyes;

rostrum more slender, gradually

dilated towards apex.

(5.) Second joint of funicle longer than

first.

(4.) Third joint of funicle not longer

than fourth ; elytra more globose,

the punctures coarser, the inter-

vals narrower and more convex.

(3.) Third joint of funicle longer than

fourth ; elytra more elongate, the

punctures less coarse, the intervals

roader and almost plane ......

(2.) First joint of funicle longer than

second.

(7.) Scrobes sublateral, only partly

visible from above, their lower

edge not continued in front of the

antenne. Hyes situated appa-

rently on the base of the rostrum.

(6.) Scrobes dorsal, entirely visible from

above, their lower edge continued

almost to apex.

(9.) Eyes on vertex of head, their

diameter being much longer than

the space between them and the

margin of the thorax; rostrum

tricarinate basally, apical part

bare, shiny, and with no central

furrow ; first joint of funicle

elongate, simply clavate........

(8.) Eyes apparently on base of rostrum,

their diameter being less than the

1. H. seculus, Kraatz.

2. H. lepidus, Brullé.

3, 1. schneider, Kirsch,

4, H, mashunus, sp. n.

24 Mr, G. A. K. Marshall— A Synoptic

space between them and the

thorax ; rostrum not carinate

basally, apical part squamose and

with a distinet eentral furrow ;

first joint of funicle triangular .. 5. H. limis, Gyl.

(1.) Elytra with long erect sete; forehead

with a short furrow between the

eyes; rostrum very stout, parallel-

sided. The two basal ‘joints of

funicle subequal; rostrum with a

distinct furrow from base to apex. 6, H. natals, sp. n.

1. Haptomerus siculus, Kraatz (Myorhinus), B. e. Z. 1859,

p.-56.

SICILY.

TYPE in the German National Entomological Museum.

2. Haptomerus lepidus, Brullé, Exped. Mor. iii. p. 246.

EK. EuROPE.

TYPE (?).

3. Haptomerus schnetdert, Kirsch (Myorrhinus), Verh. nat.

Ver. Brinn, 1879, p. 32.

Caucasus: Kiptschakh (Oscar Schneider and Hans Leder).

Type (?).

This species is unknown to me.

4, Haptomerus mashunus, sp. n.

Long. 23-4, lat. 11-27 mm.

Nigro-piceus, squamulis pallidis submetallicis pareis, versus dorsi

marginem densioribus, indutus, macula parva pallida basali in

interstitio elytrorum tertio; setis vix perspiciendis.

Caput breviter subconicum, oculis magnis dorsalibus approximatis,

prope marginem thoracis sitis. Rostrum elongatum minus

crassum, versus apicem paulo ampliatum, valde arcuatum, supra

post antennas tenuiter tricarinatum, antice glabrum nitidum

subtiliter punctulatum; scrobes dorsales, pene ad oeulos minus

profunde extensi. Prothorax transversus, antice posticeque trun-

catus, lateribus rotundatus, in medio latior, versus apicem parum

angustatus, supra confertim subtiliter granulatus et squaliter

sparse squamosus. LElytra breviter ovata, humeris rotundatis,

ante medium latiora, late et profunde punctato- striata, interstitiis

angustis, marginibus inflexis omnino nudis.

MASHONALAND: Salisbury (G. A. K. W/,).

TYPE in the British Museum.

Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine. 45)

5. Haptomerus limis, Gy]. (Myorhinus), Schh. Gen. Cure. ii.

p- 532 (1836).

Myorhinus incisirostris, Gyl. 7. ¢.

Myorhinus setarius, Fair. op. ett. vii. 2, p. 421 (1843).

CAPE COLONY.

Types of all three forms in the Stockholm Museum.

After a prolonged examination of the unique type specimens

I have failed to find any characters by which ¢ncis¢rostris and

setarius can be distinguished from limits. The structural

characters cited by Gyllenhal in the case of inctstrostris arise

simply from the fact that the type is entirely denuded of

scales; while setardus differs from diémis only in its much

smaller size.

6. Haptomerus natalis, sp. n.

Long. 12-132, lat. 1-1} mm.

Niger, squamis cinereis densis undique indutus, in elytris setis

longis erectis parce obsitus.

Caput elongatum, antice productum, oculis depressis subdorsalibus

approximatis, a thorace distantibus, inter se a sulco brevi

separatis. Rostrum capite longius crassum arcuatum parallelum,

ad basin non angustius quam caput ad oculos, supra a basi ad

apicem evidenter unisulcatus; scrobes latissime sed parum pro-

funde ad oculos continuati. Prothorax transversus, antice

posticeque truncatus, lateribus leviter rotundatus, pone medium

latior, versus apicem multo angustatus, supra convexus, dense

eequaliter squamosus. lytra breviter ovata, ad basin truncata,

prope medium latiora, dense squamosa et tenuiter striata, sed

in exemplo detrito evidenter punctato-striata, interstitiis latis

nitidis impunctatis, Pedes breves validi dense squamosi, tarsis

rufescentibus.

Nata: Estcourt (G. A. K. W.).

TYPE in the British Museum.

13. ANATHRESA, gen. nov.

Caput breve, oculis subdorsalibus depressis approximatis. Rostrum

elongatum arcuatum subparallelum, subtus nudum subcom-

pressum ; scrobes variabiles, aut subfoveiformes, aut ad oculos

plus minus profunde continuati. Antenne prope medium rostri

insertee, scapo fere recto, gradatim clayato, quam _ funiculo

evidenter breviore, marginem posticum oculi attingente, funiculi

articulis duobus basalibus subsequalibus, aut primo longiore.

Prothorax transversus, antice truncatus et angustior. Elytra

breviter ovata, punctato-striata. Pedes femoribus inermibus,

corbulis tibiarum posticarum apertis, tarsorum articulo primo

subquadrato, quam tertio angustiore, unguiculis liberis.

26 Mr. G, A. K. Marshall—A Synoptic

Tyee Myorrhinus globulosus, Fahr.

The only essential character which distinguishes this

genus from Haptomerus is the free tarsal claws.

Synopsis of Spectes.

(4.) Curvature of the forehead on the same

level as that of the rostrum ; scrobes

continued backwards right up to the

eye; first joint of funicle not longer

than second; base of rostrum much

narrower than the width of the head

across the middle of the eyes.

(3.) Elytra without erect sete; scrobes very

deep posteriorly) s..uce vee sce sae s 1. A. calva, sp.

(2.) Elytra with dense erect sete; scrobes

shallow posteriorly ioc ae keene 2. A. longstaffii, Mshl.

(1.) Forehead more or less elevated above

the level of the rostrum; scrobes

evanescent posteriorly ; first joint of

funicle longer than second ; base of

rostrum about as broad as the head

across the middle of theeyes. LHlytra

with erect sete.

(6.) Rostrum stouter, gibbous at the inser-

tion of the antennae, with a narrow

central furrow (sometimes obsolete

near the base), which is broader and

deeper near the apex...........0.. 3. A. globulosa, Fahy.

(5.) Rostrum more slender, not gibbous at

the insertion of the antenne, convex

above and without any central

PUPTOW- Ac felt, aahe eee cee: Pete G 4, A. crenulosa, Fahr,

1. Anathresa calva, sp. n.

Long. 43, lat. 21 mm.

Niger, cinereo-viridi-squamosus, setis brevibus albis depressis

obsitus.

Caput subglobosum, fronte supra rostrum non elevata. Rostrum

supra planum, nec sulcatum nec carinatum ; scrobes ante antennas

anguste ad apicem continuati, postice late et profunde ad oculos

extensi. Antenne articulis funiculi duobus basalibus subsequali-

bus. Prothorax postice truncatus, lateribus valde rotundatus, in

medio latior, supra subtilissime confertim punctatus. LElytra

late ovata, ad basin truncata, postice acuminata, humeris rotun-

dato-productis, supra tenuiter punctato-striatis, interstitiis latis

subplanis. Pedes piceo-ferruginei, squamis et setis pallidis

induti.

TRANSVAAL (A. Bottcher).

TYPE in the British Museum.

This species may be distinguished from all its congeners

Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine. 27

by its larger size, its more roundly prominent shoulders, its

very deep scrobes, and, finally, by the absence of erect sete

The only specimen I have seen was kindly given to me by

Dr. Walter Horn, of Berlin. °

2. Anathresa longstaffi, Mshl. (Myorrhinus) Proc. Zool. Soc.

1906, ii. p. 932 (1907).

Carre Cotony: Hast London (Dr. G. B. Longstaff).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

3. Anathresa globulosa, Fahr. (Myorhinus) Cifv. K. Vet.-

Ak. Férh. 1871, p. 221.

Myorhinus setipennis, Fahy. 1. ¢.

MATABELELAND: Buluwayo (G@. A. K. M.).

TYPE in the Stockholm Museum ; also the type of setepennis.

After a careful comparison of the types I am satisfied that

setipennis is merely the male of globulosa. Wahlberg’s

specimens were probably taken in the Transvaal.

4. Anathresa crenulosa, Fahy. (Myorhinus) 1. c. p. 222.

CAFFRARIA (Wahlberg).

TYPE in the Stockholm Museum.

I have seen only the unique type.

14. STEREORRHYNCHUS, Lac.

Stereorhynchus, Lac. Gen, Col. vi. p. 371 (1863).

Stenocephalus, Schh. Mant. sec. Curc. 1847, p. 77 (nom. preeoce.),

1. Stereorrhynchus setipennis, Fahr. City. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh.

1871, p. 220.

TRANSVAAL (A. Bottcher).

'yPeE in the Stockholm Museum.

15. UMzILA, gen. nov.

Caput antice elongatum, oculis dorsalibus approximatis longitu-

dinalibus, quasi in basi rostri positis. Rostrum capite longius,

parallelum, arcuatum, subtus nudum nitidum; scrobes dorsales,

antice producti, postice parum profunde continuati. Antenne

subvalide, in medio rostri posite, scapo fere recto, gradatim

clavato, oculos superante, funiculi articulo primo quam secundo

longiore, articulis apicalibus transversis, Prothorax transversus,

antice et postice truncatus, lateribus rotundatus. LElytra late

28 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall—A Synoptic

ovata, evidenter punctato-striata, hispida. Pedes validi, femori-

bus muticis, corbulis tibiarum posticarum apertis, tarsorum articulo

primo quam tertio angustiore, unguiculis liberis. Abdomen

segmento primo postice emarginato, 2=3 et 4 simul sumptis.

Sutura episternalis metasterni ad basin tantum videnda.

Type Umazila swynnertont, sp. n.

This genus most nearly approaches Malosomus, Fst., from

which it differs in the structure of the scrobes, the greater

length of the rostrum as compared with the head, and the

much shorter and thicker legs and antennee.

1. Umazila swynnertont, sp. n.

Long. 32, lat. 12 mm.

Niger, dense viridi-squamosus, unicolor, setis pallidis erectis con-

fertim obsitus, abdomine cinereo-squamoso.

Caput convexum, fronte inter oculos evidenter striata. Rostrum

supra dense squamosum, convexum, nec sulcatum nec carinatum.

Antenne piceo-ferruginee, pallido-squamose. Prothorax lateri-

bus rotundatus, antice posticeque angustatus, in medio latior,

supra confertim evidenter punctatus. Hlytra late ovata, ad basin

truncata, humeris rotundatis; supra fortiter punctato-striata,

interstitiis subplanis, setis brevibus erectis dense seriatim obsitis.

Pedes picei, squamis cinereo-virescentibus induti.

GAZALAND: Chirinda Forest (C. F. M. Swynnerion).

Type in the British Museum.

I have much pleasure in dedicating this species to my

friend, Mr. Swynnerton, who has made a very valuable

collection of the animals and plants which occur in the highly

interesting and isolated patch of primeval forest at Chirinda.

16. Matosomus, Faust.

Malosomus, Fst. D. e. Z. 1898, p. 279.—Type M. hneatus, Fst.

Synopsis of Species.

1. (2.) Femora with a small tooth; each elytron {

with two bare black stripes. HElytra

narrowly elongate; body with fine

longierectihainset) wikia bites we 1. M, lineatus, Fst.

2, (1.) Femora unarmed ; elytra with uniform

scaling.

3. (4.) Prothorax with only a few widely scat-

tered punctures; elytra elongate,

oval,with long erect sete throughout. 2. MW. andrewest, Fst.

4, (8.) Prothorax closely and distinctly punc-

tured ; elytra broadly ovate, the sete

in the basal half short and depressed.

Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine. 29

5. (6.) Elytra with brownish-grey scaling and

with short erect sete on the de-

clivity ; posterior tibie very finely

serrate internally; rostrum with a

shallow central furrow in the apical

DUE Aes ao thee eee wriceg GaN ise 4, M, abyssinicus, sp. n.

6, (5.) Elytra with green scaling, the sete

minute and depressed throughout;

posterior tibize not serrate internally ;

rostrum with only a shallow fovea

between the antenne ............ 3 M. arabicus, sp. n.

1. Malosomus lineatus, Fst. D. e. Z. 1898, p. 279.

S. Inp1A: Belgaum (H. EL. Andrewes).

Type in the Dresden Museum.

2. Malosomus andrewesi, Fst. l. c. p. 280.

S. Inp1a: Belgaum (H. £. Andrewes).

TYPE in the Dresden Museum.

3. Malosomus arabicus, sp. n.

Long. 22, lat, 13 mm.

Piceus, squamulis viridibus undique vestitus, setis paucis minutis

depressis obsitus.

Caput valde elongatum, oculis quasi in rostro sitis, dorsalibus sub-

contiguis depressis longitudinalibus, fronte canaliculo parvo pone

oculos insculpta. Rostrum capite non longius, ad basin: non

angustius quam caput ad oculos, supra convexum, nec carinatum

nec sulcatum, subtus nudum nitidum. Antenne valde tenues,

rufo-picesze; funiculi articulus primus secundo multo longior.

Prothorax transversus, basi apiceque truncatus, lateribus rotun-

dato-ampliatus, in medio latior, supra confertim punctatus, linea

media leviore. Hlytra ovata, ad basin subtruncata, humeris

obliquis, fortiter punctato-sulcata, interstitiis latis subplanis.

Pedes flavo-rufi, squamis pallidis parce induti, tibiis posticis

interne non serratis.

ARABIA: Yemen (coll. Fry).

TYPE in the British Museum.

4, Malosomus abyssinicus, sp. n.

Long. 32, lat. 12 mm.

Nigro-piceus, squamulis fusco-cinereis undique vestitus, in elytris

setis brevibus, versus basin depressis, versus apicem erectis,

obsitus. Caput et rostrum ut in I. arabico, sed hoc suleo parum

profundo versus apicem instructum. Prothorax etiam ut in

M. arabico, sed punctis majoribus minus approximatis instructus.

30 Mr. G. A. K. Marshall—A Synoptic

Elytra late ovata, ad basin leviter emarginata, humeris rotun-

datis, evidenter punctato-striata, interstitiis latis subplanis.

Pedes rufo-picei, cinereo-squamosi, tibiis posticis interne subtiliter

serratis.

ABYSSINIA (coll. Bowring).

TYPE in the British Museum.

17, ATMESIA, Pasc.

Atmesia, Pasc. Journ. Linn. Soc. x. p. 488 (1870).—Type A. mar-

ginata, Pase.

Synopsis of Species.

J. (2.) Rostrum with a very fine central stria ;

sides of prothorax scarcely narrowed

behind middle, the posterior angles

strongly produced backwards, elytra

with sparse erect sete ; colour pale

sandy with a metallic reflection, pro-

notum with three black stripes, the

elytra variegated dorsally with irre-

gular black markings: ~..0. 8 cms. 1. A. marginata, Pase.

2. (1.) Rostrum with a broad central furrow ;

sides of prothorax strongly narrowed

behind middle, the posterior angles

not produced; elytra with minute

scale-like sete; colour uniform

greenish-grey throughout.......... 2. A. glaucina, Pase.

1. Atmesia marginata, Pasce. l. c. p. 469, pl. xviii. fig. 3.

S. AUSTRALIA: Gawler.

TYPE in the British Museum.

2. Atmesia glaucina, Pase. op. cit. x1. p. 446 (1872).

W. AustRaALia: Nicol Bay.

TYPE in the British Museum.

18. OPSEORRHINUS, Fst. (emend.).

Opseorhinus, Fst. D. e. Z. 1898, p. 280.

1. Opseorrhinus globulus, Fst. l. c. p. 281.

InpIA: Belgaum (H. H. Andrewes), Kanara (7. Bell).

TYPE in the Dresden Museum.

Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine. 31

19. EUPHALIA, Pasc.

Euphalia, Pase. Journ. Linn. Soe. x. p. 467 (1870).

1. Euphalia pardalis, Pasc. 1. c. p. 468.

W. AustraAta: Nicol Bay.

TYPE in the British Museum.

20. TANYRRHYNCHUS, Schh.

Tanyrhynchus, Schh. Disp. meth. p. 212 (1826).—Type T. strigirostris,

Sparrm,

Owing to the unfortunate lack of adequate material, I am

unable to give a synopsis of the species of this difficult genus.

Of the fifteen species described by Boheman the types of no

less than six have been lost. [I have seen no example of

T. asiaticus, Ménétr., from Turkestan, or 7. viridis, Fst.

(D. e. Z. 1889, p. 144), from India; but it is probable that

they do not really belong to the genus, for all the remaining

species are entirely confined to Cape Colony. 1’. costzrostris,

Boh., and 7’. biguttatus, Boh., belong to the genus Stramia,

Mshl. With these exceptions the list of species given in the

Munich Catalogue remains unaltered.

21. EREMNODES, gen. nov.

Caput subglobosum, oculis lateralibus depressis. Rostrum a capite

non separatum, thorace paulum longius, arcuatum, subtus nudum

nitidum subcompressum, supra simpliciter convexum et squamo-

sum ; scrobes subdorsales, late et profunde ad apicem continuati,

postice angustati et minus profundi, oculos vix attingentes,

Antenne longs, scapo oculum superante, funiculi articulo secundo

quam primo duplo longiore, articulis apicalibus non transversis,

clava magna elongata. Prothorax transversus, antice et postice

truncatus, prope apicem leviter constrictus. Elytra ovata, ad

basin truncata, humeris nullis, leviter punctato-striata. Pedes

sat validi, femoribus inermibus, corbulis tibiarum posticarum

apertis, tarsorum unguiculis connatis. Abdominis segmentum

primum postice truncatum, 2=3+4; epimeron mesosternale

vix perspiciendum; episternum metasternale angustum, sed

distinctum.

Type Tanyrhynchus ? pusillus, Fst.

1. Hremnodes pusillus, Fst. D. e. Z. 1889, p. 144,

MADAGASCAR (Dr. Pipitz).

TYPE in the Dresden Museum.

32 A Synoptic Revision of the Tanyrrhynchine.

22. EPHIMEROSTYLUS, Fst.

Ephimerostylus, Fst. S. e. Z. 1894, p. 146.—Type, Z. theryz, Fst.

Synopsis of Spectes.

1. (2.) Colour piceous, without scaling, but with

thin, brown, recumbent pubescence ;

elytra without erect set@ .........00 1. EH. theryt, Fst.

2. (1.) Colour shining black, with dense green or

golden scaling, the elytra with the in-

tervals 1, 4, and 5 more or less denuded ;

elytra with long, erect, pale sete ...... 2. E. elegans, sp. n.

1. Ephimerostylus theryt, Fst. U. c. p. 147.

ABYSSINIA: Alitiena, Erytrea (Thery).

Type in the Dresden Museum.

2. Ephimerostylus elegans, sp. n.

Long. 5-54, lat. 2-23 mm.

Niger, squamis viridibus aut aureis dense indutus, elytrorum inter-

stitiis 1, 4 et 5 plus minus denudatis micantibus; in elytris setis

longis erectis pallidis obsitus.

Caput elongatum subconicum, fronte inter oculos leviter impressa

aut striata, oculis subdorsalibus approximatis parum convexis.

Rostrum capite longius, parallelum, supra squamosum, inter

scrobes indistincte tricarinatum, subtus nudum nitidum impunc-

tatum ; scrobes antice elongato-foveiformes, sed postice late et

sat profunde ad oculos continuati, undique viridi-squamosi. An-

tenn prope apicem inserte, valde tenues et elongate, ferruginex.

Prothorax transversus, antice et postice truncatus, lateribus rotun-

datus, in medio latior, supra subcoriaceus, granulis parcis depressis

obsitus, in medio baseos interdum longitudinaliter impressus.

Elytra elongato-ovata, ad basin subtruncata, evidenter punctato-

striata, interstitiis subplanis vix aciculatis. Pedes elongati, nigri,

dense viridi- aut aureo-squamosi, tibus subtus pilis longis

fimbriatis.

¢ angustior, tibiis anticis longioribus tenuioribus magis curvatis,

tibiis posticis interne sinuatis et complanatis, tibiarum pilis multo

longioribus; @ tibiis posticis interne subtiliter serratis.

MASHONALAND: Salisbury (G. A. A. M.); Gwibi River

(H. Dobbie).

Types, ¢ @, in the British Museum.

23. NASTOMMA, gen. nov.

Caput subquadratum, antice paulo attenuatum, oculis lateralibus

depressis. Rostrum a capite stria transversa angulata separatum,

On Rhopalocera from Brazil, 33

thorace vix brevius, versus apicem paulo angustius, subtus fere

nudum, fortiter punctatum; scrobes dorsales, antice profundi

curvati, apicem fere attingentes, postice late et minus profunde

ad oculos continuati ibique squamosi. Antenne prope apicem

insert, elongate, scapo curvato clavato, apicem thoracis supe-

rante, funiculi articulo secundo quam primo multo longiore,

articulis apicalibus elongatis. Prothorax transversus, antice

posticeque truncatus. Elytra ovata, humeris nullis, ad basin

subtruncata, evidenter punctato-striata. Pedes sat validi, femori-

bus clavatis inermibus, tibiis fere rectis, apice inermibus, corbulis

posticis apertis, tarsorum articulo primo lato (tertio fere equali),

secundo angustiore sed late triangulari, unguiculis liberis. Abdo-

minis segmentum primum postice truncatum, secundum brevius

quam 3+4; sutura episterni metasternalis ad basin tantum

perspicienda.

TYPE Sciobius squamulosus, Boh.

The species upon which this genus is founded cannot

remain in Sctobius, because the mandibular scar is entirely

wanting. ‘The maxille are not exposed laterally, but the

palpi are partially visible beyond the apex of the mentum.

1. Nastomma squamulosa, Boh. (Sczvobius), Schh. Gen. Cure.

vii. 1, p. 194 (1843); Marshall, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906,

1. pe 274.

CAPE CoLONY: Grahamstown.

TYPE in the Stockholm Museum.

Ill.—The Collections of William John Burchell, D.C.L., in

the Hope Department, Oxford University Museum.

IV. On the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera collected by W. J.

Burchell in Brazil, 1825-1830. By Cora B. SANDERS,

of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.

(Continued from ser. 7, vol. xiii, p. 371.]

LV. Morruiva.

THE following paper contains an account of the Morphine

and Brassolinz collected by Burchell in Brazil. The notes

of habits and modes of flight are not only of the deepest

interest on account of their early date, but even more from

their intrinsic value and the precision conferred by the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 3

34 Miss Cora B. Sanders on the Rhopalocera

association of each record with a particular specimen. In

checking the data in the manuscript I have had much kind

and efficient help from Mr. J. C. Moulton, of Magdalen

College. The probability of error is so high in a work of

this kind, that the task of verification is both prolonged and

laborious. The manuscript of all papers on this Brazilian

collection requires the most careful comparison with the data

on the specimens themselves, with those contained in Bur-

chell’s two manuscript note-books, andin Professor Westwood’s

list, while the inevitable occasional inconsistencies between

these sources demand the utmost attention.

Professor Westwood’s manuscript Catalogue of ‘ Burchell’s

Morphides”’ contains both Morphine and Brassoline grouped

under 27 numbers, some of which were afterwards united by

a bracket. With one or two exceptions the material is

entirely unnamed. ‘The list itself, which is neatly written in

a clerk’s hand, contains several errors, of which the probable

corrections are indicated below. A note and two suggested

names in Professor Westwood’s handwriting are seen oppo-

site three of the species separated out by him. A single

number in the list “ M. 21” refers toa Nymphaline butterfly

(a Prepona) accidentally included and afterwards detected by

Professor Westwood; while one Brassoline butterfly was

accidentally placed in the Catalogue of Hipparchia (H. 5)

and two of the same group in the Catalogue of Nymphalines

(N. 18 and N. 20*).

The following arrangement of numbers and dates is care-

fully explained in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xiii,

April 1904, pp. 309, 510. ete other than numbers and

dates, written on labels attached to the specimens are placed

between inverted commas immediately after the numbers in

heavy type, and immediately before the locality. They are

found on relatively few specimens. When a specimen bears

a number only, the date, recovered from Burchell's note-book,

is placed between square brackets. “a.” and “ p.’ ’ associated

with the date stand for ‘ A.M.” and ep P.M.”

E. B. Poutton.

Morpho laertes, Drury.

Bz. + 23. 2. 26. = 355. Organ Mountains. Near Frechdl,

near R. Pacaqué.

19. 3. 26. = 3856. Rio de Janeiro. “In the valley of

Catombi.”’

22. 3. 26. = 857. Rio de Janeiro. “ Along the [Carioca]

Aqueduct to the head of the valley of Laranjeiros.”

collected by W. J. Burchell in Brazil. ou

3.4. 26. = 3858. Rio de Janeiro. “ Along the Carioca

Aqueduct.”

4.3.27. = 359-361. Near S. Paulo. “ Morumby: over

the hilly pastures E¢ of the house.”

Bz. 4. 3.27. = 862. “ Lente volans, secus marginem

sylve.” Near §. Paulo. As 359-3861.

12. 3. 27. = 363. “In silvis et silvaticis.” Near S.

Paulo. “ Morumby. Walk to old house.”

16. 3. 27. = 864. “ Between Morumbi and 8S. Péulo.”

Westwood’s list, which also includes no. 365, agrees, save

for the statement that two specimens were captured 16. 3. 27.

Morpho catenarius, Perry.

4.3.27. = 865. Near S. Paulo. (As 359.)

Morpho perseus, Cram.

Bz.+ 2.6.29. = 366. “ Picked up floating dead on the

river.” R. Tocantins, just below Baiao: “ Sitio das

Pedras.”

Westwood’s list agrees.

Morpho anazxibia, Esp.

1067. 3.4. 26. ¢ = 367. Rio de Janeiro. ‘ Along the

Carioca Aqueduct. Papilio. ‘O. Imperador?’ Above

entirely metallic blue, beneath a plain brown.”

Westwood’s list agrees, but does not include the following

specimen.

6.3.27. ¢= 368. “ Hab. in densis sylvarum volatu lento

altiore in cursu subrecto.”’ Near 8. Paulo; “‘ Morumby.

Road N.N.W. of house.” |

The following passage in the Brazilian note-book almost

certainly refers to this species :—‘6. 3.27. Papilio—at

Morumby. In the interior of the forest. Flies slowly and

steadily ; generally high.”

[Three wings of this specimen with Burchell’s MS. label

fortunately still attached, were found, Feb. 2, 1904, among

insects of entirely different orders.—KE. B. P. |]

Morpho adonis, Cram.

28. 10. 25. ¢ = 869. Minas Geraés. “In the Forest on

the West and on the Hast side of 8. Joao de Népo-

mucéna.”’

29.10. 25. 2 6 = 370, 371. Minas Geraés. ‘ In the forest

on the 8.E. side of S. Joao de Népomucéna.”’

36 Miss Cora B. Sanders on the Rhopalocera

29 or 80. 10. 25. § = 372. Two labels affixed to one speci-

men. Minas Geraés. (As 370 or 378.)

30. 10. 25. 2 6 = 373, 374. Minas Geraés. “(In the

forest.) On the N.E. side of the Arraial of Sao Joao de

Né€pomucéna.”’

23. 2.26. ¢ = 3875. Organ Mountains. (As 355.)

Westwood’s list gives another individual with the data

8 p. 15. 2. 26, and also indicates that the two labels on

no. 372 were placed upon two individuals at the time when

the Catalogue of Morphides was written. Burchell was near

the R. Pacaqué in the Organ Mountains on Feb. 15, 1826.

His Geographical Catalogue reads “along the road, 1} mile

S. of the house.”

Morpho cytheris, Godt.,=portis, Hiibn.

11, 2.26. ¢= 376. Organ Mountains. “ By the River

Pacaqué.” “In a walk to the Ipé trees.”

Bz.+ 20, 2. 26. ¢= 877. Organ Mountains. Near R.

Pacaqué. ‘ Near a Rivulet East of the house.”

Westwood’s list agrees.

Morpho menelaus, Linn., f. terrestris, Butl.

Bza.+ 23.7. 29. = 878, Pard. “Between my house and

the City.”

Westwood’s list agrees. He placed this and the following

under the same catalogue no.

Morpho menelaus, Linn., f. menelaus, Linn.

23.7. 29. =879. Pard. (As 378.)

Westwood’s list agrees.

Morpho menelaus, Linn., f. nestor, Linn.

Bz, 1367.+ Bz, 22.4. 29. Sylva mas et foem.+22. 4. 29, -

1367 fem. ¢ = 880. R. Tocantins, Porto Redl

[Nacionale]. The specimen bears two Brazilian labels

and one English.

Westwood’s list agrees, save that by a clerical error 1376

is written for 7367. The corresponding label of the male

associated with 380 is probably misplaced upon a female

specimen of MV. achilles, no. 404.

Morpho achilles, Linn., f. achilleana, Hiibn.

Bz, 308, [14. 10. 25.] g¢ = 381. Minas Geraés. Burchell

was at Parahiba on Oct. 12 and “at the Discobérto do

collected by W. J. Burchell in Brazil, j7

Antonio Velho” on Oct. 15. ‘Papilio. Magna.

Supra coerulea, margine lato nigro, punctis (albis in

anterioribus, et rubris in posterioribus) marginalibus.

Macula alba in margine anteriore alarum anteriorum.

Subtus fusca ocellis pluribus.” “This inhabits thick

forests and hovers along alleys and openings in the

woods, and is difficult to catch, although it flies generally

near the ground.”

Bz. 576. [21. 10. 25.] 2? = 382. MinasGeraés. “ Papilio.

In a rossa at Discoberto, and along a channel (on the

margin of the forest) which conducts water to the house.”

Westwood’s list gives “ 567,”—almost certainly a clerical

error.

29.10, 25. 9 = 383. Minas Geraés. (As 370.)

4.11.25. g = 3884. Minas Geraés. Near Népomucéna at

Francisco Manoel’s. ‘4th. Some tropeiros from the

rancho seeing me catching Papilionide, caught a few

also for me. I afterwards ascended the hill into the

forest northward of our Rancho and took insects, till wet

through in a thunder shower.”

7.11. 25. 6 = 3885. Minas Geraés. Near Népomucéna.

On Nov. 6th Burchell was at Capito Leite’s.”’

15. 2. 26. 2 ¢ =886, 387. Organ Mountains, near R.

Pacaqué. ‘ Along the road, 14 miles §. of the

house.”

Bz.+ 28. 2.26. 9 = 388. Organ Mountains. ‘On the

Rio Magé.”

fooe20s 6 = cog. Rio. , “At Catombi.”’

ee Use 20. G0 = 300. Rio:

10. 38.26. @ = 391. Rio.

12. 3.26. ¢= 3892. Rio. Carioca Aqueduct.

Bz. a13, 3. 26. g = 393. “From Magé.” Rio.

Bz. 19. 3.26. § = 3894, Rio. “ In the valley of Catombi.”

19. 3. 26. ¢= 3895. Rio. “In the valley of Catombi.”

Bz. 20. 38. 26. ¢ = 3896. Rio. “ Along the Carioca Aque-

duct.”

20. 3. 26. 2 6 & 2 = 397, 398. Rio. ‘Along the Carioca

Aqueduct.”

21. 3. 26. 3 9 = 399, 400, 401. Rio. “ Along the Carioca

Aqueduct.”

Bz. 1. 4. 26. 9 = 402. Rio. “In the valley of Catumbi.”

1. 4. 26. ¢ = 403.

1367. 22.4. 29. 9 = 404. “Mas.” Porto Redl [Nacionale],

R. Tocantins. Although the word ‘‘Mas”’ is written

upon the label, the specimen is a distinct female.

In addition to the clerical error noted under ro. 382,:

38 Miss Cora B. Sanders on the Rhopalocera

Westwood’s ‘‘ Morphides 1” includes one more individual

captured 10. 3. 26 and another bearing the date “14. 1. 26

Laranjeiros.”” The Brazilian note-book shows that Burchell

visited the valley on 14. 1.26 and that his captures were

‘omnia insuper plantas.” Furthermore the data of no. 404

appear under the next number of Westwood’s Catalogue,

while those of no. 405 appear under no. 404, as though

there had been an accidental transposition at some later date.

Error in the data of no. 404 is also rendered probable from

the fact that all the other examples of the achilleana form

were captured at or in the neighbourhood of Rio, while

22. 4. 29 indicates a locality much further north. The

possibility of Burchell mistaking the females of two allied

species for male and female of a single species must, however,

also be borne in mind.

Morpho achilles, Linn., f. helenor, Cram.

31.10.27. § = 405. “In sylva opaca.” EH. of Goyaz:

Sapezal to Cémpo Alégre.

1247.5 p. 7.9.28. $= 406. Between Jaragud and Caval-

cante; near Rio Maranhio: FeGudrda Mér. Burchell

slept that night at Fe Gudrda Mér. “Papilio. This

species hovers low among the brushwood in shady deep

forests and is not easy to catch.”

Bza+ 6.4.29. @= 407. Porto Redl (Nacionale).

6.4.29. g = 408. ” ”

Bz.t+ 7. 4.29. 3 = 409. 3 »

Bz.+ 3.6.29. ¢= 410. Rio Tocantins: N. of Sitio das

Pedras and Baifio.

7.7.29. 9? = 411. Pard. “ Eastward of my house.”

Bz+ 29. 7.29. 9= 412. Pard. Westwood’s label on

this specimen refers to M (Morphides) no. 5 of his

Catalogue, which reads 27. 7. 29, doubtless a mistake in

copying.

Bz.+ 31.7. 29. 36 = 483. Para.

7.8.29. g = 414. Para.

6.9.29. ¢=415. Pard,S. José. “ Walk [to] a rocinha

near the Nazareth Church.”

15. 12.29. ¢ = 416.” Para: “ suburban.”

In addition to the points mentioned after no. 404 and the

clerical error in the case of 412, Westwood’s list also differs in

containing a specimen dated 1. 7. 29, when Burchell was at

Paré and took a ‘walk to the Caza de Pao.” Westwood

arranged the specimens under four numbers, Morphides 2-5,

but subsequently bracketed all except 5 (containing only

collected by W. J. Burchell in Brazil. 39

no. 412), and noted of them, ‘Similar to No. 1, but fascia

more distinct and reaching nearly to hind margin of h. w.”

V. BrassorinzZ.

Dasyophthalma creusa, Hiibn.

9.2.26. ¢= 417. Organ Mountains. “By the river

Pacaqué.”

9.3.26. 9 = 418. Rio.

No data. ¢ = 419.

Westwood’s list agrees, but he separated the males and the

female under different numbers.

Dasyophthalma rusina, Godt.

8. 2.26. 2 d= 420, 9 = 421. Organ Mountains, near

head of R. Pacaqué. ‘ln aride to the Cattle Pounds

and the Milho Roga.”’

6 9? vel var. fasc. alar. ant. antea recurva.’’ Westwood’s

note. |

9, 2.26. g = 422. Organ Mountains. (As 417.) |

11. 2. 26. 2 ¢ = 428, 424. Organ Mountains. “By the

River Pacaqué.” ‘In a walk to the Ipé trees.”

On 424 Westwood’s note reads “‘ Dasyophthalma Rusina

God G DL56. Lycaon Lucas pl. 78.” ‘The reference is to

Doubleday’sand Westwood’s ‘ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,’

London, 1850-2, vol. 11. pl. lvi. fig. 1 (Pavonia rusina).

14. 2.26. ¢ = 425. Organ Mountains. Near R. Pacaqué.

No data. 3 ¢ = 426-428.

Westwood’s list gives another specimen captured 14. 2. 26,

and three more specimens without data.

Eryphanis polyxena, Meerb.,=automedon, Cram.

1054. [17. 8. 26.] 6 = 429. Rio de Janeiro. “ Along the

Carioca Aqueduct, and descending the high hill (men-

tioned 31. 1. 26 [‘‘ the high hill N.W. of and close to

Carioca Aqueduct”’]) into the valley of Catombi.”’

*‘ Both these Papiliones were caught in the forest down

the hill.” The other “ Papilio” was the Satyrine

Taygetis virgilia, Cram., no. 350.

Westwood’s list agrees: “* Opsiphanes?” is written oppo-

site the Catalogue number.

Caligo beltrao, Hiibn.

Wepu226) b= 400s Bio:

1066.1. 4.26. 9 = 481. Rio. “Inthe valley of Catumbi.”

“ Papilio. ‘This is one of the twilight tribe, but flies

40 Miss Cora B. Sanders on the Rhopalocera

also by day, in the woods: whereas the other species

nearly resembling it, flies only during twilight. The

chrysalis of this (1066) is ovate and of a green hue,

and hangs at one end. I saw many at the house of a

collector for sale: and their form was thus [rough sketch

inserted here] but larger (2 inches ?).”’

Westwood’s list agrees.

Caligo teucer, Linn.

81.10. 27. @= 482. “In sylva opaca.” EH. of Goyaz.

Westwood’s list agrees.

Caligo ilioneus, Cram.

31.12.25. @= 483. Rio. “ Excursion to the summit of

the Corcovado; from Catete and up the valley of Laran-

jeiros.”

Bat 18. 1, 26..¢ = 484... Rio. “In a. sralkoee.

Christov4é and Eugénho Velho.”

10. 38. 26. ¢= 485. Rio. Westwood’s note reads “ var.

fascia al. ant. magis distincta.”

Bze.+ 4.7.29. ¢ = 486, Para.

Nos. 434 and 436 form Westwood’s * Morphides 9”; the

other two are included in his “ Morphides 10.”

Caligo eurylochus, Cram.

Bz.+1032. 10.1. 26. 9 = 487. Rio. ‘“ Praia Grande and

SS. Jofio de Carahy.” ‘ Papilio. Flies only in the first

part of the twilight, and makes its first appearance about

10 or 15 minutes after the sun has set. I never saw it

by day. It frequents woods and woody places, flying

within 6 feet of the ground. I have seen [it] at Rio in all

the months, and once I saw one flying in Rua Quitanda.”

The Rua Quitanda is one of the principal streets of Rio.

Bz+ 11.1. 26. 9 = 488. Rio. “At Laranjeiros.”

Bz. 10. 8. 26. 3 = 489, Rio.

Bz.+ 18. 3.26. 9=440. Rio. “Along the Caridca

Aqueduct.”

Nos. 487 and 440 form Westwood’s ‘‘ Morphides 6,” oppo-

site which is written “ M. Eurylochus?” 'The two remaining

specimens fall into “ Morphides 10,” which also includes

two missing specimens. Both bore the same data, viz.

1032. 14. 1. 26.” The number 1032 evidently refers to

the habits described for a different specimen and date under

no. 48%. On Jan. 14, 1826, Burchell collected (‘omnia in-

super plantas”’) in the Valley of Laranjeiros, Rio.

collected by W. J. Burchell in Brazil. 41

Opstphanes batea, Hiibn.,=didymaon, Feld.

Bz.+ 21. 2.26. g=441. Organ Mountains; near the

R. Pacaqué. “ Along the road by the Rancho for 15

mile from the house.”

12. 3.27. @= 442. “In silvis et silvaticis.”’ . Near

S. Paulo; “ Morumby: walk to old house.” The speci-

men has lost the abdomen and the pencil of hairs on the

hind wing; but the scar and the base of the tuft are

distinct.

Westwood’s list omits no. 441.

[I do not think that didymaon can be kept specifically

distinct from batea. In no. 442 the black margin is wider

and extends nearly to the cell of the fore wing, so that this

specimen would be called didymaon by those who separate

the two species.—H. B. P.]

Opoptera (Opsiphanes) syme, Hiibn.

17. 3. 26. 9 = 443. Rio. (As 429.)

Westwood’s list agrees.

Catoblepia (Opsiphanes) berecynthia, Cram.

Bz.+ 14. 6.29. 9 = 444, Para.

P2007 0241.29. 6 = 446... Para.

Westwood’s list gives the first date as 14. 6. 27,—doubtless

a copyist’s error. Both are placed as no. 5 of his Catalogue

of Hipparchia, thus clearing up one of the difficulties in that

part of the list (see Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser 7, vol. xiii.,

May 1904, p. 370).

Opsiphanes invire, Hiibn.

Bz. 10. 3. 26. ¢ = 446. Rio.

9.9.29. ¢=447. Parad: 8. José.

Gal a0, 2 = 448... Pard-

Westwood’s data agrees, but he fuses ¢nvir@ with crameri

and places both as no. 18 of his Catalogue of Nymphaline.

He also includes an additional specimen of crameri with the

data of no. 450.

Opsiphanes cassie, Linn.,= cramer, Feld.

Bz. 1033.+ Bz. 11. 1. 26 +7033. 11.1. 26. @= 449. Rio:

“fat Laranjeiros.” ‘“ Papilio, This has exactly [the]

same habits as the preceding,” namely Caligo eury-

lochus, no. 437,

42 Mr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.

1033. 14.1. 26. 6 = 450. ‘“ Laranjeiros.” Rio: “brought

from and collected in the Valley of Laranjeiros. Omnia

insuper plantas.”

Burchell’s 1033 attached in his notebook to the date

11. 1. 26 evidently refers to the habits, stated under no. 449

to be the same as those of 487. '

Brassolis astyra, Godt.

Bz. 25.11. 26. ¢= 451. “ Mrs. Whitaker.” - Santas

The data correspond to those given by Westwood, but the

species was placed as no. 20* of his Catalogue of Nym-

phaline.

Dynastor darius, Fabr.

3.6.27. ¢= 452. “ Antenne sensim incrassate.” Near

S. Paulo. %

Bz.t+ 5.9.27. 29= 458. ‘* Cachoeira.” Between Rio

Pardo and Rio Grande.

Westwood’s list agrees. The specimens are placed as

no. 23 of his Catalogue of Morphides.

IV.—WNotes on the Forficulariaa—X. A Revision of the

Nesogastrinee. By Matcotm Borr, B.A., F.L.S., F.E.S.

THIS subfamily is characterized by the slender tarsi, with

short third segment, by the antennz as in the genus Labia,

but the segments never cylindrical, by the strongly and

sharply carinate elytra, and by the thickened femora.

The colour is usually some shade of deep chestnut or wine-

colour, varied with red or with yellow.

The wings and elytra are sometimes abbreviated and

abortive, sometimes perfectly developed, the two forms

occurring often in the species.

The group is confined to the Malay Archipelago, New

Guinea, and Australasia.

I cannot think why Verhoeff placed this group among the

Forficulide, with which I can find no affinities. In the

structure of the tarsi and of the antennee they more nearly

approach Labia, in which genus the known species have been

hitherto included.

Mr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia. 43

Table of Genera.

1. Pronotum supra elytra haud_ producta;

elytra abbreviata ; scutellum liberantia.. 1. Nesogastrella, Verh.

1.1. Pronotum supra elytra productum ; scutello

PUO dey ss: 5 aoa ee aM ihe ss 8453 2. Nesogaster, Verh.

Genus 1. NESOGASTRELLA, Verhoeff.

1902. Zool. Anzeig. no. 665, p. 192.

I only know this genus from Verhoeff’s description. It

appears to differ from Nesogaster in the purely rudimentary

elytra, which gape along the suture and expose a triangular

scutellum ; the pronotum does not extend so far over the

elytra. The pygidium, in the @ at least, is prominent, with

triangular points on each side, with two blunt processes.

It is known only from a single female from Borneo, with

which scanty material Dr. Verhoeff did not hesitate not only

to describe a new species, but even to found a new genus!

Genus 2. NESOGASTER *, Verhoeff.

Antenne 12-segmentate ; segmentis 4 quam 3 multo breviori, 5

quam 4 sublongiori, pyriformibus; corpus glabrum, levissimum,

nitidum ; pronotum subquadratum, postice quam antice paullo

latius ; elytra postice truncata; carina externa acuta instructa ;

alee seepius abbreviate, rarius perfecte explicate ; femora, pre-

sertim antica, incrassata ; tarsi longi, graciles, tibias fere equantes,

segmento 1 quam 3 longiori: abdomen depressum ac sat latum,

parallelum, vel medio subdilatatum ; segmentum ultimum dorsale

rectangulare, quadratum; 9 ,subangustatum ; segmentum penul-

timum ventrale g 2, magno, margine postico late rotundato.

Pygidium ¢ prominens; @ breve vel longum ; forcipis bracchia

do gracilia, elongata; 2 brevia, robusta.

Body brilliantly shining, smooth, hairless: antenne with

12 segments ; first stout and clubbed ; third long, somewhat

clubbed at the apex; fourth about half as long as third,

rather stout and spindle-shaped ; fifth distinctly longer than

fourth, but shorter than third, pear-shaped or spindle-shaped ;

each succeeding segment longer than the preceding, distinctly

pear- or spindle-shaped.

Head smooth and globose, sutures obsolete. Pronotum

quadrangular, all sides truncate, slightly broader posteriorly

than anteriorly ; median longitudinal suture distinct; pro-

zona not distinctly separated from metazona; central region

* Does this mean “ island-bellied ” ?

44 Mr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia.

somewhat tumid, the sides broadly flattened, this flat part

especially broad posteriorly ; lateral margins themselves

reflexed, well produced over the elytra. Hlytra perfectly

developed and long, or, more frequently, abbreviated, and

square; posterior margin truncate, external sharp and well

defined, extending the whole length of the elytra.

ee generally abortive; occasionally perfectly deve-

oped.

Femora, especially the anterior pair, strongly incrassate :

tibiz rather short ; tarsi long and slender, almost as long as

the tibie, first segment longer than the second and third

united, the second small and cylindrical.

Abdomen depressed, parallel or somewhat dilated about the

middle; lateral tubercles on segments 2 and 3 present; last

dorsal segment ¢ rectangular, broad, posterior margin

depressed and thickened ; ? somewhat narrowed ; penulti-

mate ventral segment ¢ ? nearly quadrangular, posterior

margin broadly rounded, ample, completely covering the last

segment.

Pygidium ¢ very prominent and long, or rather short but

distinct; 2 minute. :

Forceps ¢ generally long and slender, gently sinuate,

rather thicker than the base, generally armed with teeth; in

the 2 short, thick, generally toothed.

This genus is well characterized by the smooth almost oily

lustre, by the sharp keel of the elytra, and the thick femora.

The form of the pygidium and forceps is very characteristic

in each species.

Table of Species.

gidium ¢ haud valde prominens.

Forcipis bracchia ¢ valde elongata, de-

pressa, paullo vel haud dilatata; (elytra

brunnea, haud maculata ; ale abortive).

3. Femora annulata; forcipis bracchia ¢

margine interno haud laminata.

4, Caput fuscum; statura mediocri (long.

corp. 7 mm., forc. 6mm.) ; forceps

UT ON ATAES 4 ih pia ies Pigs eed «ee 1. dolichus (Burr).

4,4, Caput rufum; statura parva (long.

corp. 4:75 mm., fore. 1‘5 mm.) ;

forceps unidentatus’ 1.2.01 0c... 2. wallacet, sp. n.

3.3. Femora unicoloria; forcipis bracchia ¢

margine interno prope basin laminata. 3. tristis (Borm.).

2.2. Forcipis bracchia ¢ minus elongata,

gracilia, arcuata, haud depressa ...... 4, pulchripes (Borm.).

1.1. Pygidium valde prominens; (elytra

brevia vel perfecte explicata).

1. Py

Mr. M. Burr—W tes on the Forficularia. 45

2, Pygidium ¢ angustum, acutum ; (elytra

MSCOLOTIA) < . ig te een a atais aes Bas 5. aculeatus (Borm.),

2.2, Pygidium ¢ lingueforme, apice haud

acuminatum,

3, Statura minore; forceps dente acuto

armatus ; elytra flavo-maculata; pro-

notum unicolor nigrum ............ 6. ameenus (Stl).

3.3, Statura majore ; forceps inermis ; elytra

unicoloria nigra; pronotum flavo-

DUMB CUIAGUION an's <4) 0 4'e0.9.0 9° Tice leoits 7. ruficeps (Erichs.),

1, Nesogaster dolichus (Burr).

Labia dolicha, Burr, 1897, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx. p. 311;

Bormans, Tierreich, Forf. p. 71 (1900) ; Kirby, Cat, Orth. 1. p. 26

(1904).

Nesogaster Fruhstorferi, Verhoeff, 1902, Zool. Anzeig. no. 665, p. 191;

Kirby, Cat. Orth. i. p. 35 (1904).

Nesogaster dolichus, Burr, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvi. p. 495

(1905).

S. Celebes: Bua Kraeng, 5000 feet (taken by Fruhstorfer

in 1896: type in coll. mea) (c.m., B.M. Mus. Berol.). |

Hasy to recognize by the long sinuous forceps and generic

characters.

2. Nesogaster wallacei, sp. n.

Statura parva; JV. dolicho, Burr, vicinus; ab eo differt statura

minore, capite rubro, elytris angulo postico interno rotundato,

forcipis bracchiis ¢ brevioribus, dente uno valido acuto armatis.

Long. corporis ........ 4°75 mm.

PPROTGIDIS Ml areata ad gia bee

Celebes ( Wallace).

The type of this species is a unique male in the Hope

Museum, Oxford ; it was taken in the Celebes by Wallace in

1861; it is labelled in blue paper, in what appears to be

Westwood’s handwriting, “ Celebes, Wallace, Dr. Dohrn,

1361."

It closely resembles NV. dolichus, also from the Celebes, but

differs in the points mentioned above.

3. Nesogaster tristis (Bormans).

Labia tristis, Borm. apud Burr, 19038, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xi.

. p. 240.

New Caledonia.

I have not examined a specimen of this species; but

de Bormans’s description, together with a sketch in my

possession, leaves no doubt whatever that it is referable to

this genus. It is apparently allied to N. dolichus.

46 Mr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.

4. Nesogaster pulchripes (Bormans).

Labia pulchripes, Bormans, apud Burr, 1903, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist,

(7) xi. p. 236; Burr, Res. exp. Sci. néerl. N. Guinea, Derm. p. 10

(1906).

Northern Australia (coll. Dohrn, éeste Borm.).

I have not examined this species, but de Bormans’s

description and a coloured drawing in my possession, together

with its resemblance to N. amenus, render it probable that

its true position is in this genus.

5. Nesogaster aculeatus (Bormans).

Labia aculeata, Borm. 1900, Ann, Mus. Civ. (2) xx. p. 456 (1900) ;

Kirb. Cat. Orth. i. p. 27 (1900). .

British New Guinea (Mus. Gen.).

6. Nesoyaster amenus (Stal).

Forficula amena, Stal, 1855, Cifv. Vet. Ak. Forh. xii. p. 350.

Labia amena, Dohrn, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxv. p. 425 (1864) ; Dubr. Ann.

Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 363 (1879); (amena incorr.) Borm. C. R.

Soc. ent. Belg. p. lxxi (1880) ; id. Tierreich, Forf. p. 67, figs. 29 a, b

(1900) ; Burr, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iv. p. 258 (1899) ; id.

Termesz. Fiz. xxv. p. 481 (1902); Kirby, Cat. Orth. i. p. 26 (1904).

Malay Archipelago: New Guinea; Java; Celebes ;

Philippines.

7. Nesogaster ruficeps (Erichs.).

Forficula oceanica, Blanchard (nec Gouillon), Voy. Pole Sud, iy. p. 352,

Orth. t. i. fig. 4 (2 ) (1853).

Forficula ruficeps, Erichson (nec Burmeister, 1888), in Arch. f. Naturg.

viii. (1) p. 246 (1842).

Apterygida ruficeps, Borm. Tierreich, Forf. p. 118 (1900).

Forficula erichsoni, Borm. C. R. Soc. ent. Belg. p. xxiii (1880).

Apterygida erichsont, Dohrn, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiii. p. 231 (1862).

Sphingolabis erichsoni, Kirb. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxv. p. 529,

pl. xx. figs. 11, 11 a (1896) ; id. Cat. Orth. i. p. 45 (1904).

Tasmania (Mus. Brus.); Australia; Vavau.

This well-known species is easy to recognize by the long

simple forceps, coloration, and long tongue-shaped pygidium.

It has been previously placed in Forficula and Apterygida,

but its affinities are undoubtedly with Nesogaster, though, on

account of its more conical antenne, it may later require a

new genus.

ADDENDUM.

Since writing the above I have had the opportunity of

examining Verhoeft’s type of Nesogastrella ruficeps in the

Mr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia. 47

Berlin Museum. It is nothing more or less than the female

of Nesogaster amenus (Stal), so that the name must fall as a

synonym of that species. Dr. Verhoeff was misled by the

fact that the elytra are partly opened out, perhaps by the

former insertion of a pin, so that the generic characters of

the elytra, as set forth by him, do not hold good.

V.—Notes on the Forficulariaa—XI. On new and litile-

known Species and Synonymic Notes. By MALCOLM Burr,

Derg Wali. Lt

Forcipula jacobsoni, sp. n.

Statura minore: colore fusco-castaneo ; pedes testacei ; abdominis

segmenta 3-6 tuberculis tenuibus singulis utrinque armatis:

forcipis bracchia gracilia elongata, apicem versus sensim arcuata,

inermia. <.

GRE. COPPOTIS «50% ders o's « 15 mm.

pt OLCIIS.., sieret. Ae wor Ae 8

Size small; colour dark chestnut; antennze with 20

segments, third long and cylindrical, 4-6 very short, the rest

gradually lengthening.

Head black, with yellowish pubescence, the sutures distinct.

Pronotum nearly square, posterior margin rounded.

Hlytra black, of coarse texture, the lateral keel not very

prominent. Wings black, tipped with yellowish at the apex

of the suture.

Feet uniform testaceous.

Abdomen parallel, slender, black; segments 3-6 with

slender, sharp, gently recurved, spine-like tubercles projecting

on each side. Dorsal surface finely granulated, the posterior

margin of each segment milled. Last dorsal segment ample,

quadrate, smooth, with a deep median longitudinal furrow ;

posterior margin straight, with a nearly obsolete tubercle over

the insertion of the forceps.

Ventral surface very finely punctulate, clothed with

yellowish pubescence on the margins of the segments.

Penultimate ventral segment rounded. Pygidium very

short, tumid, and obtuse. Forceps with the branches elongate

and slender, nearly straight, gently incurved at the apex,

with a few obsolete denticulations along the inner margin. @.

N,. Java, Samarang (Jacobson).

4§ Mr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.

This species closely resembles F. walkeri, Kirby, from

Hong Kong in size and appearance. It differs in the form

of the forceps: when seen from above, the branches are

laterally undulating in that species; in this they are

simply and gently incurved: the denticulation is more

pronounced in /. walker’; the abdomen is finely punctulate

in Ff’. walkert, granulose in this species; finally, the slender

abdominal spines are quite straight in £. walkert and gently

recurved in this species.

I have pleasure in dedicating it to its discoverer, Mr. Ed-

ward Jacobson, of the Hague.

Labia nigroflavida, Rehn.

Description of the Male.

Agrees perfectly with Rehn’s description, with the excep-

tion of characters which are purely sexual.

The last dorsal segment is ample, rather tumid, nearly

square, smooth, with a few shallow punctulations ; the median

sulcus is faint; depressed posteriorly ; the posterior margin

itself truncate, with a row of minute tubercles above; on

each side over the roots of the forceps there is a pair of

elevated longitudinal ridges.

Penultimate ventral segment large, covering the last

seement, obtusely rounded, slightly emarginate at the apex

itself.

Pygidium not visible.

Forceps with the branches remote at the base, triquetrous,

stout, and dilated at the base itself, this dilation terminated

by a short sharp tooth in the inferior margin, then suddenly

attenuated and excavated along the inner margin for nearly

half their length; at this point thickened to a sharp conical

tooth, where the curvature is lessened; beyond this point

gently incurved, the apex sharp and crossing. Seen from

above the branches appear nearly straight, gradually con-

verging. Viewed from the side gently sinuate downwards,

then upwards.

Lone. Corporis vi, vw sss 10°5 mm.

py PMOTOIPIO DE, chk ats « Dies

Hab. Queensland: Cairns (in the type, a ?, U.S. Nat.

Mus., Rehn). Kuranda, in North Queensland (1 ¢ taken

by Mr. H. W. Simmons, in my collection).

Labia nigroflavida, Rehn, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxix. p. 507, fig. 5

(1905).

Mr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia. 49

This species is apparently allied to LZ. grandis, Borm., but

the form of the forceps of the male is quite distinctive,

possessing many features in common with those of certain

Anechura—for instance, the sinuation in a vertical plane and

the thickening at the anteapical tooth; it is, perhaps, worthy

of note that another somewhat similar species at present

ranged in Labia, namely L. papua, Borm., is recorded

from New Guinea. Perhaps a new genus will be required

eventually for their reception.

The Genus Strongylopsalis, Burr.

In 1880 de Bormans described a female earwig from Peru

under the name Labia cheliduroides; in 1883 he described a

male from Mexico as being that of the same species. Now

these insects are incapable of flight, and it is to be expected

that the specimens from Mexico and those from Peru are

specifically distinct. It appears now that there is no doubt

that this is the case. In 1900 I sent de Bormans a pair. of

Strongylopsalis inca from Peru. On April 25th, 1900, he

replied that my specimens were undoubtedly identical with

his Labia chelidurotdes. On June 7th of the same year * he

wrote withdrawing this opinion, remarking that my specimens

were undoubtedly distinct, so I accordingly published the

description of S. ¢nca, which was then in manuscript.

I have since compared my types of S. inca with syntypes

of L. cheliduroides 9, and they are indistinguishable:

de Bormans had first compared the females only, and was

therefore correct in his first opinion; later, on comparing the

males, he was instantly struck by the entire dissimilarity of

the forceps, and so altered his opinion. ‘The undoubted

explanation of this confusion lies in the fact that his males

from Mexico were distinct from his Peruvian females.

It is therefore necessary to regard Strongylopsalis inca,

Burr, from Peru, as synonymous with Labia cheliduroides,

Borm., ?, from Peru, while Labia cheliduroides, Borm., 3,

from Mexico, is a distinct species and requires a new

name.

The genus Strongylopsalis was originally placed by me

near to Carcinophora, but the structure of the feet and of the

antennee show without doubt that it is more closely allied to

Labia, from which it is at once distinguished by the sharp

keel of the elytra.

* This was the last letter I ever received written in his own hand-

writing ; a few weeks later my old friend was struck down by the illness

which so soon proved fatal.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. 1. 4

50 Mr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia.

The synonymy is as follows :—

1. Strongylopsalis cheliduroides (Borm.).

Labia cheliduroides, Borm. 1880, An. Soc. Esp. H. N. ix. p. 509 (9 )

(nec Borm. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. xxvii. p. 74, pl. ii. fig. 12, 1883) ;

id. Tierreich, Forf. p. 72 (1900); Kirby, Cat. Orth. i. p. 27 (1904)

(ex parte, @ only).

Strongylopsalis inca, Burr, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 80 (1900)

(S$ 2); Sem. Rev. russe d’Ent, ii. p. 102 (1902) ; Kirb. Cat. Orth.

i. p. 15 (1904).

Peru (Borm., Burr).

2. Strongylopsalis cornuta, n. n.

Labia cheliduroides, Borm. (nec 1880, An. Soc. Esp. H. N. ix. p. 509),

1883, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. xxvii. p. 74, pl. i. fig, 12 (¢); id.

Tierreich, Forf. p. 72 (1900) (3); Kirby, Cat. Orth. i. p. 27 (1904).

Mexico (Borm.).

In 8S. cheliduroides the forceps of the male are slender,

remote at the base, simple, arcuate, and unarmed. In

S. cornuta they are elongate, depressed, and armed with a

vertical blunt process on the upper surface.

Psalis dorie (Borm.).

I have a syntype of Psalis guttata, Borm., from Mentawei,

which I have been able to compare with the type of Forficula

dorie, Borm., from the Genoa Museum, kindly lent me by

Signor Gestro. There is no doubt that the two species are

identical.

Chetospania borneensis (Borm.).

Signor Gestro has kindly lent me the types of Sphingo-

labis borneensis, Borm., from the Genoa Museum. I have

compared them with the types of Chetospania confusa, Burr,

which was originally misplaced by de Bormans with C. fea,

Borm. ‘There is no doubt that C. confusa is identical with

S. borneensis, although the type is somewhat smaller and

paler; the pygidium is partly hidden in the type of C. con-

fusa, and consequently very deceptive in appearance.

Chetospanta stella, Burr, is also probably identical.

The synonymy is consequently as follows :—

Sphingolabis borneensis, Dubr. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 381 (1879).

Chetospania confusa, Burr, Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (7) xvi. p. 489

(1905).

Chetospania stella, Burr, Termes. Fiizetek, p. 483, pl. xx. fig. 6 (1902).

Mr. M. Burr—Wotes on the Forficularia. 51

Chetospania bongiana (Borg).

When I described Chetospania escalere from Biafra (Mem.

Soc. Espafi. H. N.i. p. 294, 1906) I had not seen the descrip-

tion of Sparatta bongiana, Borg (Arkiv for Zool. 1. p. 573,

pl. xxvi. fig. 3, 1904), from the Cameroons. Professor

Sjostedt has since kindly sent me authentic syntypes of the

latter from the Stockholm Museum, and I see that the two

species are identical. The name is therefore Chetospania

bongiana (Borg).

This genus, with the allied Sparatta and Platylabia,

requires a thorough revision.

Spongtphora assiniensis, Bormans.

A careful comparison of the descriptions of Spongiphora

assiniensis, Borm. (apud Bolivar, Ann. Soc, ent. Fr. vol. Ixii.

p- 170, 1893), of Spongiphora ochracea, Borg (Arkiv f. Zool.

i. p. 569, pl. xxvi. fig. 6, 1904), and Spongiphora robur, Burr

(Mem. Soc. Espafi. H. N.i. p. 293, 1906), leaves no doub t

in my mind that all these species are identical, and they are

all recorded from West Africa.

VI.—Notes on the Forficularia.~XII. Note on the Genus

Apachys, Serv. By Marcotm Borer, B.A., F.L.S.,

F.E.S.

Apachys corticinus, sp. n.

Statura minore: corpus minus depressum: colore fusco-castaneo :

pronotum subquadratum, antice et postice truncatum; elytra et

ale typica; pedes typici, tarsorum segmento primo brevi:

abdomen minus depressum, leve; segmentum ultimum dorsale

magnum, quadratum, punctis impressis crebris ac sat fortibus

punctatum ; segmentum penultimum ventrale valde acuminatum :

process s analis obtuso-lanceolatus, margine postico obtusangulo ;

forcipis t racchia a basi sensim angulata, incurva. <6.

Long. corporis sine processu anali...... 10 mm.

» forcipis cum As tee ee Loar,

Colour dark fuscous; size small; body less compressed

than is usual in this genus.

Antenne typical: -27 segments, first long and thick; 2

minute, almost globular; 3 long, cylindrical; 4 and 5 short

and subconical, together not longer than 3; 6-9 slightly

52 Mr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.

longer, subconical; the remainder more elongate, nearly

cylindrical ; segments 1-3 testaceous, the rest fuscous.

Head triangular, a trifle broader than long; eyes not very

prominent, sutures distinct ; posterior margin not abruptly

truncate.

Pronotum nearly square; anterinr and posterior margins

truncate; prozona occupied by a triangular tumid elevation ;

sides almost parallel, rather broadly reflexed ; posterior angles

rounded.

Scutellum obtusely triangular.

Elytra ample, smooth.

Wings very long, exposed portion quite as Jong as elytra ;

dull fuscous, with apical testaceous spot ; inner exposed folds

cream-coloured.

Feet typical ; femora rather broad and compressed ; tibiz

slender ; tarsi short, third segment longer than the first.

Abdomen not very strongly depressed; dorsal surface

smooth and shining, with obsolete punctulations; ventral

surface smoother and paler; last dorsal segment ample,

square, with dense and deep pittings.

Penultimate ventral segment large, densely punctulate,

produced posteriorly into a long, sharp=pointed, narrow lobe.

Anal process almost parallel at the base; posterior

margin obtusangular, the margin itself finely crenulate.

Forceps depressed; with a rounded lobe on the inner

margin at the base, scarcely-visible from above; the branches

straight at first, then slightly angled inwards, straight and

hooked at the apex. 6.

Ceylon: Peradeniya (type in coll. mea).

This specimen was sent me by Mr. Green. It is unfor-

tunately somewhat bleached by spirits and the feet are rather

crushed; but it is a very distinct species, which will even-

tually require a new genus for its reception. ‘The antennee

have somewhat fewer segments than the normal number for

Apachys, the body is less strongly depressed, and the head

more tumid and not truncate posteriorly ; in the form of the

feet, organs of flight, abdomen, anal process, and forceps it

agrees entirely with Apachys, but differs notably in the

nearly square pronotum.

Apachys murrayt and A. retchardi.

I can find no difference either of colour or form between

A. murrayt, Dohrn (Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv. p. 44, 1863), and

A, reichardi, Karsch. Both occur in Central Africa. The

only distinction which I can find, and the only distinction

Mr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. 53

which is given by de Bormans, is the size. In the description

of A. reichardi (Berl. ent. Zeit. xxx. p. 85, 1886) Karsch

distinguishes it from A. murray only by the greater size and

testaceous pronotum. This is surely insufficient. The

colour of the pronotum is utterly untrustworthy, and conse-

quently I am convinced that the two are but size-varieties of

one and the same species.

The dimensions of A. reichardi given by Karsch are

long. corp. 26°38 mm., ¢.

A male in my collection measures 23 mm.

A. murrayi measures only 17 mm. in the male. I have

two males which measure 18 mm. including the forceps.

We must, I maintain, therefore consider A. murray? as a

dwarfed race of A. reichardi until advanced knowledge

shows better reasons for discriminating them.

Apachys beccarit and A. gavanus.

‘These two species appear to be very nearly allied, although

Verhoeff (Zool. Anz. no. 665, p. 200, 1902) calls A. javanus

a very well-characterized species. I have a pair of the latter

from Java which agree entirely in colour with the description

and figures of A. beccartt given by Dubrony (Aun. Mus. Civ.

Gen. xiv. p. 349, figs., 1879). ‘The only points of distinc-

tion—apart from the fact that A. beccarii is a native of New

Guinea and the other species inhabits Java, and that the former

measures from 18-22 mm., whereas the latter varies from

12°5 mm. to 17°5 mm. in total length—lie in the form of the

anal process. In A. beccarit ¢ this is distinctly pentagonal,

emarginate at the sides. In A. javanus § the sides are

parallel ; the posterior border is similar in the two species.

In A. beccarit ¢ the anal process has the posterior border—

that is, the part beyond the lateral points—rounded; in

A. javanus @ it is triangular, so that the whole lobe is

lanceolate. Dubrony described the last dorsal segment as

* pointillé”’ in .A. beccarit; this is true also of the male of

A. javanus, but in the female it is strongly granulose in the

posterior half.

Apachys chartaceus and A. depressus.

There are two other species which are almost indistinguish-

ablein form. These are A. chartaceus, Haan, and A. depressus,

Pal.-Beauyv., but in this case the colour is different: the

former species is a native of the Malay Archipelago and the

latter inhabits West Africa ; so they are not likely to be

confused, and must surely be specifically distinct. Probably

54 Miss G. Ricardo on new

when I have examined more material I shall be able to detect

some structural difference.

The following table of species may be useful :—

Table of Species of Apachys.

1, Pronotum ellipticum, lateribus convexis, an-

tice angustatum.

2. Processus analis ¢ haud rotundatus; 9?

lanceolatus vel rotundatus, angulis ex-

ternis acutis.

3. Processus analis ¢ lateribus emargi-

natus; Q margine postico rotundato. 1. beceard, Dubr.

5.3. Processus analis ¢ lateribus parallelis ;

2.2, Processus analis ¢ subrotundus; 9 acumi-

natus.

3. Processus analis ¢ rotundato-pentagon-

alis; Qlanceolatus. (Statura maxima,

46-50 mtn) 2s Forest Oe ey hie eke ae 3. fee, Borm.

3.8. Processus analis ¢ rotundatus, 2 sub-

rotundus, medio subacutus.

4, Klytra testacea, fusco - limbata.

(Species A tricana.) 45 cuss eee one 4. depressus, P.-B.

4.4. Elytra unicoloria fusca.

5. Pronotumfuscum. (Species Africana.) 5. murrayzi, Dohrn.

5.0. Pronotum testaceum. (Species Sun-

ERICA.) es ea Bie haere dene Saree 6. chartaceus, Haan.

11.2 ronotum Tere quadraiim a... .uss esos ss 7. corticinus, 0.

A. pascoet, Kirb. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxv. p. 521, pl. xx.

fig. 1, @ (1896),=A. fee, Borm. (1894).

A. reichardi, Karsch, Berl, ent. Zeit. xxx. p. 89; pe im:

fig. 3, 3 (1886),=A. murrayz, Dohrn (1863).

VII.—Description of some new Species of Tabanide, with

Notes on some Hematopota. By GERTRUDE RICARDO.

Pangonia elongata, 2, sp. n.

A new species from Kilimanjaro (//annington), 85. 60.

‘Type (female) and another female.

This species belongs to the group of South African

Pangonie (Rondani) with white bands on the abdomen, and

is nearly related to P. seafasciata, W\k., from which it may

Species of Tabanidee. 55

be distinguished by the narrower abdomen and by the presence

on the underside of four narrow white bands, whereas in the

Walker species there are only two white bands; the palpi

are slenderer and tapering to a longer point and the wings

have a dark apex. From P. conjuncta, Wlk., it may be

distinguished by the narrower abdomen and by the greater

number of white bands.

Black. Abdomen with four white bands. Wings brownish,

yellow on the fore border, the first posterior cell closed,

pedunculated, with an appendix on the fork of the third

longitudinal vein.

Face dull black, covered with grey tomentum, the cheeks

shining black, the tomentum is, however, continued to the

base of the eyes as a narrow yellowish border, the few hairs

on the face are white; forehead covered with yellowish

tomentum above the antenne, posteriorly to the vertex deep

black, furrowed, with some whitish pubescence which becomes

yellow on the vertex ; ocelli present. Antenne and palpi

black, the latter long and slender, the second joint tapering

to a long point. Beard abundant, white; hairs round the

head white. Proboscis shorter than the thorax. Hyes bare.

Thorax black, somewhat shining, with very short yellow

pubescence and some grey tomentum on the sides; scutellum

more densely covered with the yellow pubescence, the breast-

sides brown with dull yellowish hairs. Abdomen long and

rather narrow; the first segment with some faint yellowish

pubescence on the posterior border; the white band on the

second segment entire, broader than the others, with its

greatest width at the sides; on the third, fourth, and fifth it

is entire but much narrower and the same width throughout ;

on the sixth segment there is a narrow border of yellow

_ pubescence, and on the sides of the fifth and sixth some

yellow hairs ; the pubescence on the dark-coloured part of

the abdomen is black; the underside is black, with four

narrow white bands. Legs blackish brown, some yellow

pubescence on the middle and posterior femora and tibiee and

orange hairs on the underside of the first joint of the posterior

tarsi. Wings with the yellow fore border only continuing as

far as the stigma and to the base of the discal cell; veins

yellow on fore border, elsewhere brown.

Length 16 mm.

Corizoneura distincta, ?, sp. n.

A new species from Voi, British East Africa, 15. iv. to

Ld; Vel? (C.. 8. Dbetion), 98. 12.

56 Miss G. Ricardo on new

Type (female) and three other females.

This species is distinct in colouring from any species of

Pangonia from Africa known to me as yet.

Blackish-brown species, with dull yellowish-grey bands on

the abdomen; palpi and antenne reddish. ,

Face short, shining, black, with a centre band of grey

tomentum, which also covers the cheeks and lower part of

the face, so that the shining black portion appears as a large

oval spot on each side. Forehead long, obscurely black,

covered with dense yellowish tomentum, which, however, is

more or less absent in the middle of the forehead and at the

vertex. Antenne bright reddish yellow, the first two joints

duller in colour, with a few yellowish hairs. Palpi reddish

yellow, long and slender, the first joint longer than the second,

which is wide at base, curved, and tapering to a moderately

long point, furrowed on the upper surface, with some black

pubescence. Proboscis nearly as long as body. Eyes bare.

Beard white. Thorax brown, densely covered with short

fulvous pubescence ; sides and breast with yellowish hairs, the

scutellum the same. Abdomen blackish; the first segment

slightly red at the sides, densely covered with dull dirty grey

tomentum, with some scattered whitish hairs; on all the

remaining segments a narrow band of the same-coloured

tomentum is present on the posterior borders, extending in the

middle as a triangular spot, which last is most distinct on the

second segment, where the band is slightly broader; the

pubescence at the sides is whitish, on the grey bands are a

few scattered white hairs; underside blackish, with short

grey pubescence, the extreme side-borders of the sixth and

seventh segments are reddish. Legs light reddish, hind legs

brownish. Wings hyaline, veins reddish brown, the first

posterior cell narrowed but open; a long appendix on the

fork of the third vein.

Length 17 mm. ©

Corizoneura obscura, ¢ , sp. n.

A new species from Blantyre, British Central Africa,

Nov. 1904 (Dr. J. EH. S. Old).

Type (female).

This species is probably related to P. chrysopila, Macq.,

and P. nobilis, Wied., both authors apparently describing

one and the same species, in which case Macquart’s name

must be merged as a synonym of P. nobilis, Wied. Both

descriptions speak of the face and forehead as being reddish,

Species of Tabanidee. 57

whereas in this species the face and forehead are both black

and the gold bands on the abdomen are absent.

A black species with brownish wings, some golden pubes-

cence on the thorax and on the sides of the abdomen. Legs

yellow, femora black.

Face black, shining, the cheeks dull black, the pubescence

black, a few yellow hairs being intermixed. Forehead

black, obscurely red near the antenne, with light half-moon

circles round their base ; from the base of the frontal heart-

shaped callus proceed three short furrows on each side, from

its apex spring the beginnings of four raised lines which

resolve themselves at once into the broad shining frontal

stripe; on the vertex is a large red, oblong, ocelligerous

tubercle. Antenne dull red; palpi red, large, the second

joint twice as long as the first, broad at its base, tapering

gradually to a point, with a furrow on its basal half. Pro-

boscis as long as the thorax, which is dull black with golden

pubescence on the shoulders, on the sides of the suture ex-

tending halfway across the dorsum and on the posterior

border, and a tuft at base of wings; the scutellum has traces

of similar pubescence on its posterior border. Abdomen

black, somewhat shining, very obscurely red on the sides of

the second segment, with yellowish-white pubescence on the

sides of the first and second segments and traces of similar

pubescence on the third and fourth; the fifth, sixth, and

seventh are red on their extreme lateral margins; the dorsum

of the abdomen is finely punctuate, apparently devoid of

pubescence; the underside is black, shining, with fine white

hairs on the sides of the segments, most noticeable on the

second one. Legs yellowish, the femora reddish brown, the

apices of the tibiz and tarsidull red. Wings hyaline, brown

at the apex; veins red on the fore border and at base, else-

where brown, with an appendix; the first posterior cell is

open, but very narrow where it attains the border.

Length 18 mm.

Hematopota cilipes, 2, Bigot, Nouv. Archiv. Mus, Hist.

Nat. Paris, 1890, vol. ii. p. 205.

The type came from Laos, a district of Siam, and was seen

by me in the Paris Museum after my paper on Hematopota

had gone to the printers.

It should go in the table published on p. 114 of the

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xviii. (August 1906), under the

heading 15” preceding HH. lata, Ricardo, thus :—“ Black

58 Miss G. Ricardo on new

species, with all the tibiae densely fringed and the posterior

femora with white hairs on their lower border.” The hind

tibie have a very thick black fringe, and with the white-

haired femora should easily distinguish the species. ‘The

antenne are long, the first joint being longer than the second

and third together and is a little incrassate; the second is

very small, the third rather long and slender. The wings

are of the ordinary type and have three distinct rosettes, the

apical band reaching across the apex; the appendix is long.

The frontal callus is large, reddish, with the black paired

spots above.

Hematopota singularis, 2? , sp. n.

Type (female) from Nhatrang, Annam, 22. x. 1905

(Dr. Vassal).

This species I had placed under H. czlipes, Bigot, in my

paper on Hematopota in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii.

(August 1906) p. 126; but since that was published I have

had the opportunity of examining the type of Z. ctlzpes in the

Paris Museum, and find this is quite a different species, not

previously described; it is related to H. rubida, Ricardo,

from Burmah, in the wings and also in the fringed incrassate

hind tibia, but differs from it in having al] the femora and

tibiee fringed, in this resembling H. cilipes, Bigot, and H. lata,

Ricardo, with which it should be placed in the table on p. 114.

It is a handsome small black species with densely hairy legs,

and is immediately noticeable by the pale streak across the

brown wings, which have no rosettes apparent, thus differing

with H. rubida considerably from the other described species

of Hematopota from the Oriental Region. In the shape of

the antenne it resembles H. rubida, with the long incrassate

first joint, the very small second joint, and the broad basal

division of the third joint, the last division being small and

short.

Face grey, the whole upper part deep black, the lower half

grey, with white hairs; the beard and underpart of head also

with white hairs. Palpi yellow, with short black pubescence

and some longer white hairs. Frontal callus black, shining,

narrow, almost reaching the eyes; forehead brownish, with

grey markings surrounding the two black spots and continued

across the forehead ; there is a tuft of white hairs on each side

of the forehead on the outer border of the black spot and

reaching the frontal callus; on each side of the forehead

bordering the eyes there is a narrow grey border of tomentum.

Antenne yellow, in shape as described above, with long black

Species of Tabanide. 59

pubescence on the first and second joints; the third is bare.

Thorax black, with three short grey stripes, the centre one

shortest, none reaching the posterior border; the sides grey ;

the posterior border of thorax is fringed with white hairs; the

pubescence on the dorsum black, short, with some white

pubescence on the stripes and on the sides; above the root of

the wings there is a black tuft of hairs, with some long white

hairs below. Scutellum appears yellowish, bordered with a

fringe of white pubescence. Abdomen deep black, the second,

third, and fourth segments with white segmentations ; the

pubescence black, with white hairs on the sides of the dorsum

of second segment, on the white segmentations, and on the

sides of the first segment, on the sides of the other segments

chiefly black; underside the same, but more hairy. Legs

all with fringes of black hairs, which are least thick on the

middle femora; they are brown in colour, with two yellow

rings on the middle and posterior tibia, and the base of the

fore tibiz is yellow; the middle and posterior femora are

largely yellow; the fore tibiee and femora with wholly black

fringes, long on each border of the femora, long on the outer

border and short on the inner border of the tibia; the middle

femora with whitish pubescence forming a scanty fringe on

their lower borders, with some thick black hairs at apex;

the middle tibiz with a fringe of coarse black hairs on each

border and white and black pubescence on the dorsum ;

hind femora with very thick black and white pubescence; the

hind tibiz broad, flat, with fringes of short black hairs on

their borders and black and white pubescence on the dorsum ;

tarsi with short black pubescence ; the middle and posterior

tarsi are almost wholly yellow. Wings dark brown, the pale

streak is continuous from the round pale spot above the

stigma to beyond the apical cell ; the pale markings of the

apex and the external border are so placed that, viewed by

the naked eye, a second pale streak is seen divided from the

first by a brown parallel band, with a few brown markings on

it, but no rosettes are apparent.

Length 8 mm.

Hematopota pachycera, 3 , Bigot.

This type from Cambodia (the description gives Laos) is

also in the Paris Museum.

This species would come under heading “15” in my table

of Indian and Ceylon species next to H. lata, Ricardo, from

which it is distinguished by the hind tibize not being fringed,

and the third joint of the antennz is wider and shorter. It

60 Colonel C. Swinhoe on

resembles H. rubéda, Ricardo, in the antenne. Bigot seems

to have overlooked the second joint, which is very small, and

described the third joint as the second one; the first joint is

long, cylindrical, and the third joint very wide, the basal

division being large and swollen, the remaining divisions

very small. The abdomen is black, with the segmentations

grey ; the two rows of spots mentioned by Bigot are hardly

noticeable. The legs have two rings of light colour on the

middle and posterior tibiz, and the base of the fore tibize is

yellowish. The wings have two indistinct rosettes.

VIlI.—New Eastern Lepidoptera.

By Colonel C. Swinnor, M.A., F.L.S., &e.

Family Satyridz.

Genus LYELA, nov.

Fore wing triangular; costa arched, apex somewhat

rounded, hinder angle much rounded, lower margin straight:

Lind wing with the costa and outer margin evenly curved ;

venation of both wings as in typical Cenonympha. Palpi

very hairy, third joint long, with the long hairs of the other

joints extending beyond the tips; antennze slender, about

half the length of the costa, the club large, oval, spatulate,

and very flat. No secondary sexual characters.

Type L. macmahonz, nov.

Erebia myops, Staud., belongs to this genus and has

similar antenne and shape. Dr. T. A. Chapman, in his

‘6 Review of the Genus Lrebia,” based on the examination of

the male appendages, in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1898, p. 233, states

that he places myops by itself.

Lyela mucmahoni, nov.

& 2. Palpi blackish brown above, white beneath ; antennz

above black, with broad white rings, below white, with

narrow black rings, the club white beneath ; head and body

black above and below; eyes black, white beneath, with a

white spot behind; legs blackish brown above, greyish

ochreous white beneath. Wings of a uniform blackish brown,

nearly black in some males, always darker below than above:

fore wings with a large, blackish, subapical, round spot, with

a broad dull orange ring round it; in two examples (a male

new Eastern Lepidoptera. 61

and a female) there is a minute white dot within the black

spot, on the right wing only. The female is like the male,

but the wings are slightly longer, and therefore compara-

tively rather narrower, and the colour above and below is

uniformly paler.

EXxxpanse of wings 13% inch.

Quetta, Beluchistan ; several examples of both sexes, sent

to me by Col. Sir A. H. McMahon.

Family Nymphalide.

Cyrestis subobscurus, nov.

g. Antenne black; palpi with first joint white, second

and third black above, white beneath; body and wings

purplish blackish brown; the ground-colour of the wings in

most parts is really purplish grey, but there are ten dark

purplish-brown transverse bands across both wings, packed

so closely together as to give the wings a blackish appear-

ance: on the fore wings there is a white band between the

fifth and sixth dark bands, a large white spot with square

upper and lower ends in the middle of the next band, a small

white dot above it near the costa, and an orange semi-square

spot with a black dot in it at the hinder angle, and some thin

white transverse streaks before the outer margin: on the

hind wings most of the narrow spaces between the dark bands

are more or less white, the whitest being in the middle, the

first inner space next to it, one near the abdominal margin, a

short streak below the apex, and another very thin one sub-

marginal; the anal lobe and space above it hasa large orange

patch, rounded on its upper side, with three or four black

spots init. On the underside the wings are very similarly

marked, but the bands are dark and white alternately, the

dark bands thin and much paler than they are above; body

and legs white.

Expanse of wings 2,), inches.

Sitoli, Nias; one example.

Allied to C. menalis, Erichson, and C. seminigra, Grose-

Smith; it is not referred to by Dr. Ludwig Martin in his

monograph of the genus (‘ Iris,’ 1903, p. 71); it belongs to

his No. 2 Nivea-Gruppe Sykophages.

Family Sphingide.

Genus PENTATEUCHA, nov.

* Proboscis fully developed; palpi upturned, slender,

* I owe this diagnosis to Sir George Hampson.

62 Colonel C. Swinhoe on

reaching about middle of frons, the second joint fringed with

long hair in front, the third short; frons with tuft of hair ;

antennee of female ciliated; thorax clothed with long spatu-

late hair; tibiee fringed with long hair, the hind tibie with

two pairs of spurs, the fore tarsi with three large curved

claws on first joint ; abdomen clothed with long rough hair ;

frenulum present. Fore wing with the apex rounded, the

outer margin evenly curved, crenulate; vein 3 from well

before angle of cell; 5 from middle of discocellulars ; 6 from

upper angle; 7, 8, and 9 stalked; 10 and 11 from cell: hind

wing with vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 5 from well

above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle; 8 approximated to

7 beyond the cell.

Pentateucha curtosa, nov.

?. Head and thorax clothed with deep red-brown hair

tipped with white; pectus and legs rufous, the tarsi blackish ;

abdomen blackish mixed. with grey-white, forming obscure

segmental bands, the anal tuft and ventral surface rufous:

fore wing clothed with dark red-brown hairy scales mixed

with white; some rufous at base of inner area; faint traces

of a dark antemedial line, an oblique, elliptical, white dis-

coidal spot; postmedial line with oblique dark bar from

costa, then very indistinct, recurved to vein 3, then incurved ;

subterminal line indistinct, double, oblique, waved, bent

inwards to costa, where there is a white mark on tt, a dentate

line, beyond it arising from apex, white and prominent to

vein 6, then indistinct and forming white points on the veins ;

cilia rufous, with whitish points at the veins: hind wing

bright rufous, the inner area whitish, cilia with some white

scales at tips. Underside of both wings rufous; fore wing

with indistinct pale discoidal spot, an obliquely curved post-

medial band and prominent dentate white band from apex to

above vein 6: hind wing suffused with white to beyond

middle; an oblique, slightly waved, medial rufous line and

indistinct postmedial line, bent outwards to just above the

anal angle, the terminal area irrorated with whitish.

Expanse of wings 4 inches.

Khasia Hills; one example of this very curious Sphinx.

Family Syntomide.

Syntomis aurea, nov.

3 ?. Antenne black ; head, thorax, and abdomen golden

orange; a small black patch immediately behind the base of

new Eastern Lepidoptera. 63

the antenne ; a transverse black line behind the neck, three

longitudinal black lines running down from it on the thorax ;

abdomen with five thin segmental black bands, the extremity

shot with metallic green. Wings hyaline, with the veins

black : fore wings with the base yellow, the costal line black,

the space between the costal line and subcostal vein yellow,

and the basal half of the hinder margin smeared with dull

yellow, and some yellow irrorations here and there on all the

veins ; a black bar across the interno-median interspace a

little before the middle, a thin black band on the outer margin,

thickened into a square spot on the extremities of veins 2 and

3, and expanding at the apex, the space between veins 5 and 6

filled up with black, though in some specimens this band

does not quite extend to the outer margin: hind wings with

some yellow at the base and along the abdominal margin ;

the costa and outer margins with a thin black band, ex-

panding into a spot below vein 2, but not at the apex: legs

black, tarsi with the upper half whitish.

Expanse of wings, ¢ 1%, 9 14% inch.

Khasia Hills; many examples of both sexes.

There are two examples in the B. M. from the Khasia

Hills with S. fervida, Walker, from Moulmein, but it is not

fervida ; that species has no black bar in the interno-median

interspace of the fore wings and the space between veins 5

and 6 is quite clear, and there are many other differences.

I have before me seventeen examples, and all of them are

constant in the characters given above.

Family Deilemerida.

Deilemera formosana, nov.

3. Antenne black; head and body above and _ below

yellow ; palpi with the second and third joints black, tips of

the former yellow; a large black spot on the frons, one on

the top of the head, a pair on the collar and another pair

behind them, a spot on the hind part of thorax ; abdomen

with paired dorsal and lateral black spots on each segment :

fore wings brownish mouse-colour; a wedge-shaped white

streak from the base; a large white discal patch which

nearly touches the costa, expands downwards, has dentated

sides, is Joined in the middle to the outer margin by a band

with a large brown spot in it, and a small one on the margin,

is rounded below the median vein, has a tooth on the inner

side, with a large brown spot in it, opposite the basal wedge-

shaped streak ; a white subapical spot: hind wings white,

with a broken mouse-coloured marginal border.

64 Colonel C. Swinhoe on

Iixpanse of wings 1,°, inch.

Formosa ; one example.

Veins 6 and 7 of the hind wings on a short stalk, palpi

long, antennz with long pectinations; hind wings as in

D. carissima, Swinh., with an excavation before the anal

angle, which is produced. Belongs to Section II. of my

monograph of the genus (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903, p. 53).

Family Zygenide.

Isbarta padanga, nov.

3 %. Palpi white, last joint black ; antenne, head, body,

and wings black ; two white spots behind the head, two on

the thorax in front, white dorsal and lateral spots on each

segment of the abdomen, and white bands beneath: fore wing

with a white basal spot, all the markings white; a thin streak

on the basal half immediately below the costal line, a short

thin streak immediately below this not reaching the base; a

streak on the subcostal vein, extending from the middle to

the end of the cell, thickened in its centre ; an oval spot at

the lower end of the cell, continued a short distance in a fine

line on the vein inwards; two thick streaks below the cell

from near the base to the middle, a thinner streak on the

hinder margin from near the base for three fourths its length ;

an oval spot beyond the end of the cell, two above it in a

triangular shape, two in the disk a little below and outside,

a longer spot below and a little inwards, and another similar

spot below this towards the hinder margin not far from the

angle; a submarginal row of spots rather close to the margin,

but curving inwards below the apex: hind wings with streaks

on the cell-veins, reaching the base, the upper one not reaching

the end of the cell; a curved row of discal elongated spots, a

submarginal row of seven smaller spots; three streaks below

the cell, extending from the base and running into the sub-

marginal spots; a broader streak on the abdominal margin.

On the underside the markings on the wings are as above,

but the streaks are broader and the spots larger; thorax

spotted with white; legs streaked with white.

Expanse of wings, ¢ 24%, @ 3y/5 inches.

Padang, Sumatra; one pair.

Pompeton affinis, nov.

$. Frons white, with pale blue reflections; antenne

black; head, body, and wings dark blackish brown; a

crimson line behind the head; abdomen with the anal tuft

new Eastern Lepidoptera, 65

and underside crimson, with lateral black spots on each

segment: fore wings above with dull pale purplish reflec-

tions on the costa and outer veins, the costal reflections

expanding somewhat towards the apex: hind wings with

similar reflections on the apical portions. Underside dull

brown; fore wings with a large dull ochreous spot at the

upper end of the cell; blue reflections on the costa, subcostal

vein, the veinlet within the cell, and on all the outer veins;

hind wings without any reflections; the brown colour on all

the wings pale towards the outer margins ; pectus and thorax

crimson ; legs black.

Expanse of wings 235 inches.

Padang, Sumatra; one example.

Nearest to P. amplicatum, Butler, from the Celebes; differs

in the nature of the reflections above and is very different

beneath.

Family Lymantriida.

Dasychira albiplaga, nov.

& @. Antenne with the shafts whitish, pectinations

greyish brown; palpi brown above, greyish white beneath ;

head and fore part of thorax greyish white; thorax

greyish brown; abdomen greyish white: fore wing greyish

brown, smeared in parts with whitish, more prominently

so in the female; a broad, almost straight, whitish stripe

from the base to the apex, through the upper part of

the wing, more or less obsolescent in one of the females; an

antemedial dentated whitish line, lined with brown on its

outer side; a postmedial, dentated, and recurved similar line,

lined with brown on its inner side, curving inwards above the

hinder margin close to the antemedial line ; a submarginal

lunular whitish thin band, which also curves inwards above

the hinder margin; a marginal row of brown lunules,

margined on each side with whitish ; cilia white, with brown

patches ; most of these lines are almost invisible in the male,

but quite distinct in the female: hind wings pale brown in

the male, almost white in the female: body, legs, and wings

grey ; a discal, nearly straight, grey, thin band across the

fore wing and indicated on the upper portion of the hind

wing.

Expanse of wings, d 1y5, 2 15 inch.

Kast Java; one male and five females.

In Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xviii. p. 405 (1906), I

described this female erroneously as the female of Orgyia

nebulosa, Walker, with which I originally received it; the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i.

66 Colonel C,. Swinhoe on

venation being almost identical, I thought it must be the

female of that species, but a closer examination with the

Dasychira male now received with a female showing similar

markings leaves no doubt of my error.

Family Quadrifide.

Nyctipao superba, nov.

?. Blackish brown, the outer half the darkest and nearly

pure black, the ocellus broader than in caprimulgus, Fabr.,

the dull orange ring tinged with blue, and with pale blue-

white markings as in jainttana, Swinh.; a discal pure white

complete band across both wings, not quite touching either

costa or abdominal margin, sinuous throughout, with two blunt

outward projections before and above the middle on the fore

wings, and commencing with two almost square spots below

the costa on the hind wings. On the underside the wings

are paler, especially towards the base and hinder margin of

fore wings, where it has a red tinge; the white band as

above, except that on the fore wings it commences with three

lunular blunt spots below the costa; cilia of both wings

black: body above and below blackish brown; antenne,

palpi, breast, and legs black.

Iixpanse of wings 4,1, inches.

Khasia Hills; one example.

A very handsome insect.

Family Geometride.

Thalassodes viridifaseia, nov.

3 ¢. Palpi above and antenne ochreous ; palpi below,

head, body, and wings above and below white; thorax

mostly green, and green dorsal bands on the abdomen.

Wings thinly clothed, sparsely striated with green: fore

wing with the costal line ochreous, the base green; two

straight, slightly oblique, broad green bands, ante- and post-

medial, neither quite reaching the costa; apex green, this

colour narrowing down the outer margin: hind wings with

a broad, straight, medial green band in continuation of the

antemedial band of the fore wings; some green on the outer

and abdominal margins ; marginal lines of both wings dark ;

cilia white, with a pale green inner band. Underside whitish,

without markings ; legs ochreous,

Expanse of wings 2 inches.

N. Borneo ; one pair.

new Eastern Lepidoptera. 67

Belongs to the group of which orthdesma, Lower *, from

Queensland, albifusa, Warren, from Fergusson Island, and

nivestrota, Warren, from N. Guinea, are examples.

Dysphania fannitta, nov.

3 2. Yellow, of the colour of militarzs, Linn. ; palpi black

at the sides, tips yellow, last joint black ; antenne black, a

black stripe down the middle of the frons, a black stripe

between the antenng, one on the neck, one on the shoulders,

and one before the middle; the abdomen above and below

pure yellow, without any markings, except for a black stripe

at the base above corresponding to the black stripe across

the base of the hind wing, which runs up into the fore wing,

expands on the interno-median interspace, is there excavated

on its outer side, then is bent straight inwards on to the costa

at one fourth from the base ; costal line black; a thick streak

from the base on the median vein, coming to a point on the

bent band; outer third of the wing black, with discal and

subapical bands of nearly white semihyaline square spots,

the spot above vein 3 being long and narrow; the yellow

space between the outer black portion and the inner bent

band limited to four large yellow spots divided by the veins :

the hind wings are marked much as in subrepleta, Walker, but

the outer veins are thickly streaked with black and the outer

margin has a lunular black line; the hind wings are more

ample than usual and project a little between veins 3 and 4.

Iixpanse of wings 3,5 inches.

Nias; one male and two females.

Dysphania jessica, nov.

3 2. Of the same yellow colour as militar’s, Linn., but

smaller, uniformly not larger than subrepleta, Walker,=

bellonaria, Guen. ; markings somewhat similar to the former,

but the black subbasal band outside the basal spots is con-

tinuous and bent round, being very slightly angled outwardly

on the median vein, and there is an elongated spot with

square sides on vein 1 attached to the outside of the band

which is reduced to a small spot usually in the female ; the

black basal stripes are broken, and not even and regular as in

militaris ; in the hind wing the discal black transverse band

is continuous.

Eixpanse of wings 3,2; inches.

* Tr, Roy. Soc. 8. Austral. 1894, p. 86; Noy. Zool. iii. p. 298, and x.

p. 365,

68 Mr. G. S. Miller on

Nancoury, Nicobars; three males and two males (type).

Pt. Blair, Andamans; one male and two females.

Bassein, Burma; one female. ;

There are a good many examples from the Nicobars and

Andamans in the B. M., and all that I have seen are perfectly

constant in the above-mentioned characters.

Pareumelea rostrata, nov.

& ?. Antenne, body, and wings dark ochreous olive; the

apex of fore wings broadly and the outer margins of both

wings more narrowly clear ochreous yellow; the olive colour

thickly striated with dark brown, and a band of this colour

extends below the apex of fore wings nearly to the outer

margin, then the yellow marginal band narrows downwards,

but on the hind wings it is fairly uniform in width and is

somewhat angled in the middle, as in P. hortensiata, Guen.

On the underside the wings are olive-brown without striations,

the band as above; body and legs yellow.

Iixpanse of wings 2+, inches.

Menado, Celebes; one pair.

It lacks the upper discal large yellow spot of hortensiata

and the yellow marginal band is of a different formation.

IX.—Two new Mammals from Asia Minor.

By Gerrit S. MILLER.

THE British Museum contains specimens of a shrew and

dormouse from Asia Minor, neither of which appears to have

been hitherto described.

Neomys teres, sp. n.

1906. Neomys fodiens, Thomas, P. Z. 8. 1905, ii. p. 522 (April 1906).

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull). B.M.no.5.10.4.17.

Collected at edge of brook in mountains (altitude 7000 feet)

25 miles north of Erzeroum, Turkey in Asia, July 8, 1905,

by R. B. Woosnam. Presented by Col. A. C. Bailward.

Original number 53.

Diagnosis.— Similar to Neomys anomalus, Cabrera *, and

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, xx. p. 214 (September, 1907). San

Martin de la Vega, Province of Madrid, Spain.

new Mammals from Asia Minor. 69

N. millert, Mottaz *, but larger, skull more heavily built, and

teeth more robust.

Colour.—U pperparts a mixture of very dark vandyke-

brown and slate-grey, the hairs with silvery reflections, which

produce a noticeable ‘‘ pepper-and-salt’’ appearance, more

evident in certain lights than in others. Head and anterior

half of body tinged with hair-brown. Underparts sharply

defined pale cream-buff, irregularly darkened by slate-grey

bases of hairs. An elongated buffy-white spot, 5 mm. in

greatest diameter, immediately behind eye. Feet buffy grey,

the toes dusky. ‘Tail everywhere covered with short silvery-

white hairs, those of pencil dusky-tinged, the dark skin

appearing more noticeably at surface above than below.

Skull and teeth—<Aside from its larger size the skull does

not differ appreciably from that of MNeomys milleri and

IV. anomalus, except in the relatively deeper, broader, anterior

portion of rostrum. ‘Teeth not peculiar, except in their

uniformly greater size and robustness.

Measurements—Head and body 88 mm.; tail 58; hind

foot 18°5; ear 5. Skull: condylo-basal length 22°4 (20:2) t+;

greatest breadth of brain-case 11°4 (10°6) ; depth of brain-

case 6'0 (6°0); mandible, ineluding incisor, 14:4 (13:4);

maxillary tooth-row 10°4(9°4); mandibular tooth-row 9°4 (8°8).

Specimen examined.—The type.

Remarks.—This species is readily distinguishable by its

large robust skull. In colour the type is not so dark as

average specimens of the Huropean forms, a character which

may or may not. prove to be of importance. By the discovery

of Neomys teres the known range of the round-tailed group

of water-shrews is greatly extended to the eastward.

Muscardinus trapezius, sp. n.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull). B.M. no. 6. 5. 1. 40.

Collected at Khotz, near Trebizond, ‘Turkey in Asia, Feb-

ruary 10, 1906, by A. Robert. Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Original number 2407.

Diagnosis. — Similar to Muscardinus avellanartus, but

skull with audital bullz noticeably smaller and more nearly

circular in outline.

Colour.— Upperparts uniform buffy slate-colour, lightening

* Mém. Soc. Zool. de France, xx. p. 22 (September, 1907). Alpes

Vaudoises, Switzerland. Altitude 1230 m.

+ Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male Meomys

anomalus from Santo Domingo de Silos, Province of Burgos, Spain

(no. 7292 G, S. M.).

70 Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby on

to ochraceous-buff on muzzle and cheeks, and with a faint

brownish wash along middle of back; underparts between

buff and cream-buff, slightly darkened by the slaty under-

colour, the line of demarcation along sides of body rather

well defined ; throat and median region of chest white to base

of hairs; whiskers blackish; upper lip whitish buff except in

region of muzzle; feet dull greyish buff; tail obscurely

bicolor, similar to back above, though rather conspicuously

darkened by a brownish suffusion through terminal third,

light buffy below, though not so pale as belly.

Skull and teeth—The skull resembles that of Muscardinus

avellanarius, except that the audital bulle are circular in

outline and much smaller, owing chiefly to the absence of the

inflated region between paroccipital process and bulle proper.

This inflation is always present in M/. avellanarius, destroying

the circular outline of the bullae when viewed from the side.

Teeth as in JZ. avellanarius.

Measurements.—Head and body 80 mm.; tail-vertebre 66 ;

hind foot 17; ear from meatus 10 ; ear from crown (dry) 5°8.

Skull: condylo-basal length 21:2; zygomatic breadth 13 ;

mastoid breadth 10°6; interorbital breadth 3:4; nasal (along

median suture) 7; diastema 5°6; mandible 12°4; upper

tooth-row (alveoli) 4:4; lower tooth-row (alveoli) 4.

Specimen examined.—The type.

Remarks.—In all respects, except for the small circular

audital bull, this species so exactly resembles Muscardinus

avellanarius that I can detect no other characters by which it

may be recognized. While the Turkish dormouse is repre-

sented by the type specimen only, the series of skulls of the

European animals is sufficient to show that the outline of the

bullee is constant enough to be of much importance in distin-

guishing between closely related forms.

X.— A Survey of the Species and Varieties of Pupa,

Draparnaud (Jaminia, isso), occurring in South Africa.

By James Cosmo MeEtviuL, M.A., F.L.S., and JoHN

Henry Ponsonsy, F.Z.S.

[Plates I. & II.]

WueN Mr. Henry C. Burnup visited England recently,

we pointed out to him that several so-called species of

Pupa appeared to be insufficiently defined, suggesting that he

would, perhaps, feel inclined, on his return to 8. Africa, to

Ann.& Mag. Nat. Hist. §.8.Vol.T. PUL.

J.Gereen lith.

Anw.& Mag. Nat. Hist. §.8. Vol. Pt Il.

J.Green, lith.

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the South-African Species and Varieties of Pupa. 71

give special attention to the genus. ‘This he at once promised

to do, and to him alone belongs the full credit of the survey

now instituted. He has, with most infinite pains and patience,

succeeded, firstly, in unravelling the majority of the difficulties

arising from insufficient delineation or description, and,

secondly, in weighing each form separately in the balance

and judging as to its specific or varietal value.

It is not surprising that, in the careful examination of

hundreds of specimens, collected from widely distant localities,

his observations should have led him to take a broader view

than had heretofore been possible, enabling him to correct

many erroneous conclusions. He has now entrusted to us

his valuable notes and drawings with full permission to use

them. Indeed, without his aid this revision could not

possibly have been attempted, and well has he merited, not

our own thanks only, but the gratitude of every student of

the South-African molluscan fauna.

1. Pupa crawfordiana (M. & P.).

Fauxulus crawfordianus, Melvill & Ponsonby, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 7, vol. xii, (1903) p. 605, pl. xxx1i. fig. 5.

A fine species, allied to P. layardt, Bens., with a cylindric-

fusiform contour, attenuate towards the apex. It was de-

scribed as a dextral Fauxulus, but seems better included in

Pupa proper.

Alt. 8, lat. 3°75 mm.

Hab. Mossel Bay (J. Crawford).

2. Pupa cryptoplax,M.& P. (Pl. I. figs. 1, 2.)

Pupa eryptoplax, Melvill & Ponsonby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,

vol, iv. (1899) p. 198, pl. ii. figs. 11, 11 a.

We give two of Mr. Burnup’s drawings, taken from a

juvenile and mature specimen respectively, and in these will

be seen :—

(a) the deep-seated and much inwardly extending parietal

plait, with

(6) a plait, occasionally duplicated, encircling the colu-

mella, and

(d) there exists on the young shell an evident septum.

We quote Mr. Burnup’s remarks in Uitt., as follow :—

‘Observing some strange-looking plaits or septa in some

young shells, I made an internal examination, to see how far

in the growth these were continued. T'wo plaits are shown

72 Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby on

in the young through the translucent shell, and one example

showed three. Two more mature specimens that I opened up

exhibit none of these plice. Have they been absorbed as the

shell grew ?”

In external form and size P. cryptoplax does not appear

to vary much, being always somewhat conically pyramidal or

turbinate, deeply umbilicate, with whorls 74 to 8 in number,

lip slightly elongate, oblique, reflexed, white.

Alt. 3°12, lat. 1:85 mm. (sp. min.).

tS J OTOSY gs ae a es es

Hab. Kragga Kamma, Port Elizabeth.

3. Pupa dadion, Bens. (PI. I. fig. 3.)

Pupa dadion, Benson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xiii. (1864)

p. 495; Pfeiffer (Pupilla) Nomencl. Helic. Viv. (1881) 354 ;

Moly. & Pons. P. Malao. Soc, yol, iii. (1898). pda; aeammeeme

Siidafrik. Moll. (1898) p. 70.

This interesting species never having as yet been figured,

we take pleasure in reproducing an admirable delineation of

Mr. Burnup’s, drawn from a specimen collected by the

author, Mr. W. H. Benson, in the collection of J. H. P., the

exact measurements of this specimen being, as compared with

the type :—

Alt. 3°10, lat. 1°76 mm.

(Type) ,, 3°50, ,, 20 ,,

Hab. Simons Bay, behind the Admiralty House, also at

Paradise, Table Mountain (EZ. L. Layard); Bedford, Cape

Colony (Ponsonby & Farquhar); Umvoti County, Natal

(Lightfoot).

Specimens from these last two localities confirmed and

identified by Mr. H. C. Burnup.

4, Pupa damarica, Ancey.

Pupa damarica, Ancey, Le Naturaliste (1888), p. 200.

“‘Testa subcylindraceo-oblonga, sat gracilis, parva, tenuiuscula,

perforata, subnitida, obliqué confertimque striatula, apicem

versus levior ; spira parva, attenuata, summo magno, obtusissimo.

Anfr, 54, regulariter accrescentes, convexi, sutura profunda dis-

tinctéque obliqué separati, usque ad peristoma paullatim sed vix

diametro crescentes, ultimus latere convexus, parum attenuatus,

propé aperturam subascendens. Apertura ovalis, parum lunata,

feré recta, intus 5-dentata, dente uno columellari parvo acuto;

parietali maximo, lamellifero, torto, intrante propé angulum

superiorem aperture: subbasali parvo, et denticulis 2 in interiore

marginis exterioris, primo anté, secundo post medium (hoc majore

the South-African Species and Varietiesof Pupa. 73

et profundius sito). Perist. expansum, marginibus callo junctis,

albidulum ad basin et columellam, dilatatum, patulum.

‘Tong, 21, diam. 14, long. apert. 3, lat. 3 mm.

‘ Disappointment Key, Ovampoland (Damara).

“ Cette petite espece appartient au méme groupe que les

P. rupicola, Say, pellucida, Pfr., trépunctum, Morelet, &c.”

(C. F. Ancey.)

The journal in which this species was described not being

very accessible, we copy the particulars above. No figure

has been given, nor do we know where the type is located,

but some points of affinity to P. ovampoensts appear to exist.

5. Pupa dysorata,M.& P. (PI. I. fig. 4.)

Pupa dysorata, Melvill & Ponsonby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6,

vol. xi. (1898) p. 20, pl. iii. fig. 4; emend. vol. xii. (1898) p. 111;

Sturany (dysorota), Sudafrik. Moll. (1898) p. 71.

Shell very small, oblong, smoothish, minutely obliquely

striate, apex obtuse; whorls 54, swollen, ventricose; body-

whorl short (in type), almost straight ; aperture squarely ovate,

lip white, slightly retlexed, columellar tooth (in the type

specimen) obsolete.

Alt. 1°43, lat. 0°90 mm. (Mr. Burnup’s figure).

Hab. Griqualand East.

Var. intradentata, Burnup, nov. (PI. I. figs. 5, 6.)

Shell minute, rimate, subcylindrical, elliptic, thin, trans-

lucent, shining, very pale brown; spire turbinate, with greater

width at the fourth whorl; sutures impressed, apex very

obtuse ; whorls 54, very convex, closely transversely striate,

excepting the first 14, which are smooth, the last compressed

round the umbilical region; aperture nearly erect, rounded,

nearly 4 the height of the shell. Peristome slightly

thickened and reflexed, more so at the collumellar margin,

scarcely paler than the rest of the shell, with labrum slightly

straightened about the middle. Columella arcuate, the only

tooth being conspicuous, white, rounded, and remote; it is

situated inside, about midway between the last suture and

the base, and about half a turn from the labium.

Alt. 1°47, lat. 0°79 mm. (maj.).

ty eh Ay Or C4’ ti (mins):

Hab. Pretoria (Farquhar & Ponsonby).

“A pretty little shell, one of the smallest of the South-

African group, and of a paler colour than usual. As com-

pared with perplewa, Burnup, sp. n., which is its nearest ally,

74 Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby on

perhaps, both having the remarkable deep-seated postlabial

tooth, this species is smaller, smoother, paler, and less

cylindrical, is only rimate instead of umbilicate, has the

peristome less deflexed, and is destitute of the postcolumellar

and parietal plaits. It would appear that dntradentata and

dysorata have the same general appearance ; indeed, I suppose

that it must be considered a toothed variety of it, and that

the typical specimen of dysorata neglected to develop the

tooth.” (CH. C. B.)

6. Pupa farquhart, M.& P. (PI. I. fig. 7.)

Pupa farquhart, Melvill & Ponsonby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,

vol. 11. (1898) p. 128, pl. vil. fig. 7.

We would add to our original description that the outer

lip, as well as the columellar margin, is somewhat thickened

within. We refigure from one of Mr. Burnup’s drawings.

Alt. varies from 3°93 to 4°24 mm.

Hab. Elandsberg Mountain, Cradock (Farquhar).

Mr. Burnup writes to us in reference to this :—‘* Good

species ; very near to P. dadion, Bens., but distinguishable. I

think that dadion, occurring so near to farguhari’s habitat, as

well as at the extremes, Simon’s Bay, and Umvoti Co., Natal,

without the slightest variation, tends to support its distinct-

ness as an inhabitant of the intermediate locality, Cradock.”

(A. CB.)

7. Pupa fontana, Kr.

Pupa fontana, Krauss, Siidafrik. Moll. p. 80, pl. v. fig. 6; Pfeiffer

(Vertigo, Alea), Nomencl. Helic.{ Viv. (1881) p. 858; Morelet,

Journ. de Conch, xxxviii. ~p. 19; M. & P. Proc. Malac. Soe. vel. iii.

(1898) p. 176; Sturany, Sudafrik. Moll. (1898) p. 69.

. Since we first undertook the description of South-African

Mollusca, nearly twenty years ago, an immense quantity of

this species has been gathered by several collectors, from

widely different localities, showing extraordinary range of

variation. Under fontana, indeed, we must now place the

following :—

(a) amphodon, M.& P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xviii.

(1896) p. 317, pl. xvi. figs. 6, 7.

(b) charybdica, M. & P., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xiv.

(1894) p. 94, pl. i. fig. 18.

p. 98, pl. i. fig. 9.

(d) elizabethensis, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. ix.

(1892) p. 19, pl. v. fig, 18.

(e) endoplax, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. viii. (1901)

p. 319, pl. ii. fig. 10.

the South-African Species and Varieties of Pupa. 75

(f) frustdlum, M. & P, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xiv. (1894)

p. 94, pl. i. fig. 14.

(g) kerea, M.& P, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xiv. (1894)

p- 94, pl. 1. fig. 12.

(h) omicronaria, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xiv.

(1894) p. 98, pl. i. fig. 11.

Here we quote from Mr. Burnup zn Witt. :—“ Judging from

the number and diversity of the specimens submitted to me

from so many different localities, this, the first described of

the South-African Pupe or Jaminie, would appear to be the

commonest, most variable, and most widely distributed

species. Specimens now in my hands have been collected at

Johannesburg (McBean & Johnson); Pretoria (Ponsonby,

Wotton, & McBean) ; Potchefstroom and Heidelberg (Miss

Livingston) ; Prieska (Lightfoot); Cradock (Ponsonby

& Farquhar); Port Elizabeth (Ponsonby, Crawford, Far-

guhar, Lightfoot); Kowie (Ponsonby) ; Karkloof, Natal

(McBean).

“Specimens also in Mr. Ponsonby’s collection from

Abyssinia can in no way be distinguished from those from

South Africa.

“ The following measurements of a few of the specimens

examined will give some idea of its extreme variability, both

in size and form :—

“ Alt. 2°07, lat. 1°28 mm.

Pea ao hide ©

» 367, ,, 166 ,,

Moro ok Glo”). ,

* Tn colour, too, it varies from the brownish horn-colour of

the type, or even darker, through pale brown and straw-

colour, to white, the first being the commonest, and white the

next—the intermediate shades are rarer. The tooth-processes

also vary, not only in development, but also in number, and

it seems probable that some of the kindred forms described

under different names belong properly to this species.

“‘'The words ‘ anfr. supremo extus scrobiculum formante’

in Krauss’s original description seem erroneous: the sulcus

on the outer side of the labium corresponds with the lower

labial tooth or plait, not the upper, as may be inferred from

Krauss’s own figure.” (H. C. B.)

With regard to the forms (originally deemed of specific

rank) now necessarily merged in fontana, we would merely

remark that:

(a) amphodon has the dentition, particularly the inner

plaits, peculiarly strongly developed.

(b) charybdica possesses a much incrassate lip, and dental

processes deep-seated.

76 Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby on

and two internal labial plicee, possesses a third labial, the

uppermost of the three in situation, very deep-seated, and

often obscure.

(d) elizabethensis. Nearly all the specimens seen by us

are albino, giving a distinctive appearance.

(e) endoplaz. This may possibly be synonymic with

Jickeli’s var. globosa (Afr. Moll. t. 5. f. 11), also mentioned

in Nomencl. Hel. Viv., but we have not seen the typical

specimen.

(f) frustillum. This form is more elongate than the

type, while

(¢) kerea is cylindric in shape.

But we are now inclined to agree with Mr. Burnup, that

these names are hardly worth while perpetuating.

8. Pupa griqualandica, M.& P. (Pl. I. figs. 8-10.)

Pupa griqualandica, Melvill & Ponsonby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6,

vol. xi. (1893) p. 22, pl. ili. fig. 9; Sturany, Stidafrik. Moll. (1898)

v.71

Shell very minute, umbilicate, ovato-conical ; brown,

whorls 5, ventricose, much compressed, uniformly, closely,

longitudinally, finely striate, the body-whorl often dorsally

contracted and sulcate behind the peristome; aperture oval

or roundly ovate, lip thickened, with five plaits, a sixth being

visible in some specimens likewise, this is probably always

present, but so deep-seated in some cases as not to be

observed, as it is wholly internal. ‘These plaits are disposed

as follows :—T'wo parietal plaits, running parallel to each

other, both recurved and deeply penetrating; a third runs

inwards from the labial sinus; a fourth, small in the type

and co-type, large in specimens since collected, is basal and

dentiform ; the fifth, the columellar plait, is acinaciform, thin,

and deep-seated; the sixth process, so often invisible exter-

nally, is basal and almost entirely internal.

The measurements vary as follows :—

Alt. 1°6 to 1°65, lat. 0°87 to 0°94 mm.

Hab. Cradock (e coll. Rogers); Port Elizabeth (Ponsonby) ;

Botanic Garden, Maritzburg (Burnup) ; Heidelberg ; Dargle,

Natal (Miss Livingston & Burnup) ; Dukuduku, Zululand

(Loppin); Pretoria (Farquhar) ; Griqualand (coll. Sykes).

We figure a few of the more conspicuously interesting

- forms of this wonderful and complicate shell, selected from

the many excellent drawings of the species executed by

Mr. Burnup, in substitution of the original figure and Latin

description, both of which were insufficient in detail.

the South-African Species and Varteties of Pupa. = 77

9. Pupa haploa, M. & P.

Pupa haploa, Melvill & Ponsonby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6,

vol, xi, (1893) p. 21, pl. iii, fig. 7; Sturany, Siidafrik. Moll.

(1898), p. 70.

A small simple-mouthed species, of which the type only

occurred, unfortunately mislaid soon after description, fifteen

years ago. Noexamplehassince come to hand. Seemingly

allied to P. pretortensis, M. & P.

Alt. 1°70, lat. 0°75 mm.

Hab. Pretoria.

10s Pupa iota; Mv & P. (PY I figs 11.)

Pupa tota, Melvill & Ponsonby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xiv.

(1894) p. 93, pl. i. fig. 10; Sturany, Stidafrik. Moll. (1898) p. 70.

‘Shell very small, rimate, subcylindrical, elongate, thin,

translucent, shining, pale brown; spire slightly narrowing

upwards, the greatest width being at the fifth and sixth

whorls, sutures impressed. Apex obtuse; whorls 74, very

convex, closely lirate transversely, excepting the first 24,

which are smooth, the last whorl compressed round the

umbilical region, and flattened near the middle of the labium ;

aperture straight, subangularly rounded, about } the height

of the shell, peristome reflexed, widely so at the columellar

margin, slightly thickened, pale, untoothed, with labium

somewhat incurved about the middle, columella straight.

Alt. 2°17, lat. 0°92 mm. (maj.).

PN RU iy MUS Oe, yu) (NID. )

Hab. Pretoria, Transvaal (Collier, McBean, § Farquhar) ;

Heidelberg (Miss Livingston); Dukuduku Forest, Zululand

( Toppin).

‘A slender cylindrical form which seems to be quite distinct

from all described species, though seemingly comparable

with P. guantula, M. & P., which is less tapering upwards,

broader in comparison to its length, and fine in sculpture,

and also with P. penthert, Stur., a more conical shell, with

smoother sculpture, the whorls particularly ventricose, and

shallower sutures.” (//. C. B.)

The original type (from Pretoria) is slightly smaller in

dimensions than those given above, and is not in very perfect

condition.

Var. Livingstone, nov., Burnup, MS. (PI. I. fig. 12.)

Shell very similar to the typical form, eight-whorled,

cylindrical, impressed at the sutures, somewhat coarsely

78 Messrs. J. ©. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby on

longitudinally striate; aperture simple, with one internal

tooth opposite to the mouth, very obscurely designated in

some specimens, which are therefore intermediate between

this variety and the type.

Alt. 2°02, lat. 0°84.

Hab. Pretoria (Connolly in coll. Burnup).

11. Pupa layardi, Bens. (PI. II. fig. 13.)

Pupa layardi, Benson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., December{1856; id. ibid.

ser. 3, vol. xiii. (1864) p. 496; Melv. & Pons, Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond.

(1898) p. 177; Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. Viv. iv. p. 674, vi. p. 318; id.

( Vertigo, Alea) Nomencl. p. 358.

We treat this dextral species as a Pupa, relegating the

sinistral forms alone to the subgeneric Laurulus (= Faula,

H. & A. Ad., 1858 *, preeocc.).

In Mr. W. H. Benson’s revised description (0. ¢. p. 496) a

var. minor is alluded to, about which some uncertainty exists.

What is P. stoaphora, Benson, and when described? Can

this be a synonym of the var. minor? Neither we nor

Dr. R. Sturany + can trace the species.

Alt. 54-7, lat. 2-3 mm. (Benson).

Hab. Bredasdorp.

The figure is taken from a shell received by J. H. P.

from Mr. Benson.

12. Pupa noltet, Bttg. (Pl. IL. figs. 14, 15.)

Pupa nolte: (Microstele), Boettger, Ber. Senckenb. naturf. Ges, (1886)

p. 26, pl. ii. figs. 4.a-c,

Hab. 8. Kalahari.

We have not seen this species ; the following is a copy of

the original description :—

“Testa minima, punctato-rimata, cylindrato-turrita, solida, corneo-

lutea, spira elongata, turrita, apex perobtusus. Anfractus 6,

lentissimé accrescentes, sat convexi. Sutura profunda disjuncti,

leviter obliqué striatuli, ultimus penultimo vix major, 3 altitudinis

testee zequans, basi angulatus, versus aperturam parum ascendens,

albidus, dorso distincté planatus, et circum rimam gibbus. Aper-

tura parva, circulari-ovalis, basi parum recedens, 4-dentata.

Peristoma acutum, plané latéque expansum, album, marginibus

convergentibus callo ad insertionem marginis dextri tuberculifero

* Gen. Recent Mollusca, ii. p. 171.

+ Sturany, Stdafrik. Moll. p. 68, giving only as reference Paetel’s

Catalog, Sammi, ii. p. 305. -

the South-African Species and Varieties of Pupa. 79

junctis, dextro supra angulatim curvato, basali et sinistro regu-

lariter arcuatis. Dentes 4 profundi, 1 parietalis pliciformis,

columellaris 1 validus, palatales gemini, punctiformes in faucibus.

“ Alt. 33, diam. max, 14, alt. apert. 1, lat. 1 mm.” (Bettger.)

A copy of the original figure is given.

13. Pupa ovampoensis, M. & P. (Pl. II. fig. 16.)

Pupa ovampoensis, Melv. & Pons. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xi.

(1893) p. 22, pl. iii. fig. 9; Sturany, Stidafrik. Moll. (1898) p. 71. _

Pupa 1S Mely. & Pons. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. vill.

(1901) p. 320, pl. ii. fig. 11.

Shell minute, rimate, thin, brown; whorls 54, the apical

depressed, glassy, the rest very ventricose, impressed suturally,

microscopically finely obliquely striate, in the more typical

-form almost smooth; occasionally lirate longitudinally ;

aperture round, lip pale brown, continuous, especially thick-

ened at the columellar margin, furnished with the following

processes : a thickened, often bifid, parietal plait; two labial

(the lower one, as a rule, the larger), sometimes situated more

deeply back; a prominent obtuse basal tooth; and columellar

plait, broad, flat, occasionally bifid, deep-seated.

In the form rzdibunda the parietal plait is very conspicu-

ously bifid and the basal tooth usually acute, but every inter-

mediate occurs.

Alt, 2°25, lat. -°97 mm. (maj.).

peal stabs... © (min);

Hab. Ovampoland (EZ. L. Layard); Prieska (Dr. Gibbons) ;

Port Elizabeth (Farquhar); Rustenberg (McBean), lirate

variety ; Potchefstroom (Miss Livingston) ; Elandsberg Mts.

(Farquhar), ‘ ridibunda.”’

We thank Mr. Burnup for having cleared up the distribu-

tion of this species, of which the type came from the remote

Ovampoland. A variable shell in the disposition of its

peristomatal processes, but to be recognized by its round

continuous lip, long cylindrical form, with very ventricose

whorls. P. damarica, Ancey, may possibly be identical; see

our remarks under that species, which has never been figured.

We may add that Bifidarta quadridentata, Sterki, from

the Capitan Mountains, U.S.A., and a Mauritius species

very doubtfully referred to P. lienardiana, Crosse, on the

authority of Dr. Penther, come near our species, though

both differ slightly in form and in disposition of dental

arrangement.

80 Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby on

14. Pupa penthert, Stur.

Pupa penthert, R. Sturany, Anz. k. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, 1898,

no. xvi. Rep. p. 8; id. Catal. Siidafrik, Moll. 1898, p. 70, Taf. ii.

figs. 34-36.

A very minute, elongate-cylindrical, seven-whorled species,

with simple mouth, containing no processes whatsoever. An

extension of its range has been made by Mr. Toppin’s

discovery of its existence at Dukuduku, Zululand.

Alt. 1°85, lat. 0°78 mm. (maj.).

15. Pupa perpleca, Burnup, sp. n. (PI. II. figs. 17, 18.)

Shell very small, umbilicate, cylindrical, thin, translucent,

shining, pale brown ; spire cylindrical, rounded above, sutures

impressed, apex obtuse; whorls 6, very convex, closely trans-

versely lirate excepting the first two, which are smooth, the

fourth, fifth, and sixth of nearly equal width, the last half-

whorl acquiring its greatest width a little below the suture

and then being flattened below, forming an infra-sutural

angle, the last whorl compressed towards the umbili-

cus; aperture rounded, nearly 4 the height of the shell;

peristome reflexed, especially at the columellar margin,

thickened, connected by a slight callus, whitish, furnished

with a small white parietal plait running inwards, and there

becoming strong, and a strong white postcolumellar plait

also running inwards, in addition to which there is a profoundly

postlabial tooth or plait hidden by the columella; labium

slightly incurved about the middle; columella straight.

Alt. 1°72, lat. 0°82 mm.

39 PTS, 5, S09,

SS el2OD, segue Toles,

Hab. Cradock, Cape Colony (Farquhar) ; Johannesburg,

Transvaal (McBean) ; Pretoria (Collier & Ponsonby) ; Port

Elizabeth (Parguhar) ; Potchefstroom (Miss Livingston).

A very pretty and interesting little species, much like dota,

M. & P., in colour, sculpture, and ventricosity of whorls, but

differing in being shorter, more cylindrical, and umbilicate

instead of rimate, and in having a more thickened and reflexed

peristome, fewer whorls, and an armature of tooth-processes

of which the other is, typically, destitute.

The arrangement of the peristomatal and other processes

in this species is very elusive, some examples viewed from

the front showing no plaits, others one, some two, and a few

all three; but in most specimens they can all be seen under

a strong lens by turning the shell round. Such specimens

the South-African Spzcies and Varieties of Pupa. 81

as show in a front view only the columellar plait, or only the

postlabial tooth, are easily confused with P. intradentata,

Burnup, which, however, is more abbreviate, with rounder

aperture and finer sculpture.

16. Pupa pretoriensis, M. & P.

Pupa pretoriensis, Melv. & Pons, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xi.

(1893) p. 21, pl. ili. fig. 8; Sturany, Siidafrik. Moll. p. 71.

A minute simple-mouthed species, with particularly broad

apex, much flattened.

Hab. Pretoria, Transvaal.

17. Pupa psichion, M. & P.

Pupa psichion, Melv, & Pons. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xiv.

(1894) p. 93, pl. i. fig. 8; Sturany, Stidafrik, Moll. p. 70.

Slightly more ventricose than the last, which it resembles

in its simple mouth, untrammelled by any processes whatso-

ever. The types of both these species are, unfortunately, no

longer in existence, having bzen accidentally broken.

Hab. Pretoria, Transvaal.

18. Pupa quantula, M.& P. (PI. II. fig. 19.)

Pupa quantula, Melv. & Pons. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xi.

(1893) p, 20, pl. iil. fig. 5; Sturany, Siidafrik. Moll. p. 70 (1898).

Hab. Port Elizabeth.

Evidently a rare species. Werefigure it from a drawing by

Mr. Burnup of a co-type, which gives a better representation

than did the original figure. The measurements of this

specimen are :—

Alt. 1°87 mm.; lat. 4th, 5th, and 6th whorls 0°84, 6th

whorl to labium 0°91.

19. Pupa sykesti, M. & P.

(Pl. II. fig. 20; var. inconspicua, fig. 21.)

Pupa sykesit, Melv. & Pons, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xi,

(1893) p. 21, pl. iii. fig. 6, vol. xii, (1893) p. 111; Sturany, Siidafrik.

Moll. p. 70.

Pupa inconspicua, Burnup, M.S,

Hab. Griqualand Hast (e coll. Sykes).

Werefigure this species, the original description and repre-

sentation being faulty. The “ teeth of the peristome, which

with difficulty are distinguished,” are found not to have any

real existence, the mouth of the type having been clogged

with certain foreign particles.

. Ann. & Mag, N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 6

82 Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby on

There can be no doubt that this is identical with a form of

which Mr. Burnup had drawn up a description under the

name inconspicua, and we take leave to introduce it here, as

being more accurate and exhaustive than the original :—

“ Shell very small, rimate, subeylindrical, elongate-oval,

very thin, subhyaline, shining, brown; spire slightly convexly

narrowing upward above the fifth whorl, sutures impressed,

apex obtuse; whorls 74, convex, nearly smooth, faintly

striate, with very fine microscopic, irregular, transverse

cuticles, becoming stronger towards the base, last whorl not

much impressed around the umbilical region; aperture

slightly oblique, rounded, nearly } of the altitude of the

shell; peristome reflexed, especially at the columellar

margin, slightly thickened, connected by a thin callus, pale,

untoothed, straightened near the middle of the labrum;

columella arcuate.

* Alt. 2°05, lat. 0°72 mm. (maj.).

se Wea edd oe PMID

“ Hab. Dargle, Natal (Miss Livingston) ; Grahamstown,

Cape Colony (Farquhar).

“‘ A very delicate, minute, and rather characterless shell,

long and narrow, but varying a good deal in size and propor-

tions of height to width. It is so thin and transparent that

in a side light the whole range of the columella can be

viewed.

‘Its nearest ally among South-African shells appears to be

P. penthert, Sturany, whose sculpture is very similar, but in

form quite distinct, more conical, and with flatter whorls

and shallower sutures. The rima or umbilical slit is, more-

over, deeper.

‘It is also comparable with P. livingstone (iota), much

resembling it in form, though it narrows above more gradu-

ally. But the comparatively coarser sculpture and more

angular aperture readily distinguish it.” (ZH. C. B.)

20. Pupa tabularis, M.& P. (PI. II. fig. 22.)

Pupa tabularis, Melv. & Pons. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xi.

(1898) p. 20, pl. iii. fig. 3.

A new figure is very necessary, the conspicuous parietal

tooth not having been done justice to. A certain bulimoid

resemblance exists in the character of the whitish reflexed

peristome. LP. dadion, Bens., is its nearest ally.

Alt. 3°93 mm. (maj.).

99 34 29 (min.).

Hab. Near Cape Town (R. M. Lightfoot).

the South-African Species. and Varieties of Pupa. 83

§ VerTiao, Mill.

21. Pupa (Vertigo) sinistrorsa, Crav. (PI. II. fig. 26.)

Pupa (Vertigo) sinistrorsa, A. E, Craven, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 618,

pl. lvii. fig. 8.

Vertigo thaumasta, Melv. & Pons. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6,

vol. vili. (1891) p. 239, vol. ix. (1892) p. 94, pl. vi. fig. 7; Sturany,

Siidafrik. Moll. p. 68.

Alt. 3, lat. 14 mm.

Hab. Algoa Bay, &c. ; widely distributed.

We consider thawmasta and sinistrorsa identical, though

they are still left separate by Dr. Sturany (J. c. p. 68), who

also mentions Dr. Penther having collected a form distinct

from either of these in its tooth-processes, but concerning

which we know no more at present.

§§ Fauxutvs, Schaufuss,

22. Pupa (Fauculus) capensis (Kurr).

Pupa capensis, Kurr, Kiister, Conch.-Cab. p. 10, pl. i. figs, 19, 20.

Var. kurri (Krauss).

Pupa ovularis, Kurr, Kiister, Conch.-Cab. p. 10, pl. i. figs. 16-18.

Var. pottebergensis (Krauss) .

Pupa pottebergensis, Krauss, Kiister, Conch.-Cab. p. 17, pl. ii.

figs. 20-22,

Hab. Cape Colony.

23. Pupa (Fauxulus) fryana (Bens.).

Pupa Lyan Benson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. xiii. (1864)

p. 495.

Evidently a Faueulus, being sinistrorse. Discovered at

Bredasdorp, at the southern shore of Swellendam, by

Mr, John Fry. Mr. W. H. Benson lays stress upon the

deep umbilicus, extending to the summit. We regret not

having been able to figure this species.

24, Pupa (Fauxulus) glanvilleana (Ancey).

(Pl. II. fig. 23.)

Pupa glanvilleana, Ancey, Le Naturaliste, 1888, p. 200.

Hab, Cape Colony.

8-4 Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. 11. Ponsonby on =

We append a figure of this hitherto unfigured species,

with a copy of the original description :—

“T. ovato-subconoidea, longe rimata sed imperforata, tenuis, niti-

dula, albida, pellucida, sinistrorsa. Spira conoideo-subyentricosa,

ambitu convexa, ad summum parvum obtusiuscula et levigata.

Anfr, 83-81, regulariter eti paulatim lenteque crescentes, vix

convexiusculi, sutura simplice haud profunda separati, oblique

arcuatim regulariterque striati, ultimus major convexus, attenua-

tus, antice circa umbilici locum compresso-carinatus, striis in

medio anfractus subito abruptis, infra tamen perspicuis, spatio

mediano angulum exilem mentienti. Apert. recta irregularis,

valde ringens, superne ascendens, subrhombica, albida, lamellis

obstructa et fere clausa, scilicet—parietali 1 intranti valida:

palatalibus 4, supera magna prope angulum superum, obliqua et

a ceteris lobo intus quasi tubulato, extus prominente separata :

2 et 3 subsequalibus, infera valida contorta; columellaribus 3

validis subsequidistantibus. Perist. incrassato-subexpansum,

lamellis marginem attingentibus, margine externo superne lobu-

lato, postea fere recto, et ante basin leviter angulato, deinde

iterum recto, basali valde angulato, columellari longo, plane recto :

margines callo parietali appresso continui.

“Long. 4, diam. 2, alt. apert. 14 mill.

* Hast London (District oriental de la colonie du Cap,

prés de la Cafrerie anglaise).

“ Cette espéce, si curieuse par la forme toute. particuliére

de son ouverture extrémement grimacante et resserrée par de

nombreux plis, ne peut étre comparée & aucune autre espéce

du Cap. L’espéce la plus voisine parait étre la P. fryana,

Bens.

‘La diagnose ci-dessus, ot je me suis efforcé de men-

tionner toutes les particularités de ce joli Pupa, me parait

suffisante pour la connaissance de cette espéce, dédiée & Miss

M. Glanville.” (C.F. Ancey.)

25. Pupa (Fauxulus) mcbeaniana (M. & P.).

Fauzulus (Anisoloma) mebeanianus, Melv. & Pons. Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. ser. 7, vol. viii. (1901) p. 319, pl. ii. fig. 9.

Hab. Karkloof Bush, near Pietermaritzburg, Natal (J.

McBean).

26. Pupa (Fauzulus) pamphorodon, Bens.

(Pl. IT. fig. 24.)

Pupa pamphorodon, W. H. Benson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3,

vol. xiii. (1864) p. 495. .

Hab. Near Simonstown (2. L. Layard).

the South-African Species and- Varieties of Pupa. 85

Through the kindness of Mr. Edgar Smith we are enabled

to give a figure of this species from a specimen in the Nat.

Hist. Museum.

27. Pupa (Fauculus) pereximia (M. & P.).

(Pl. II. fig. 25.)

Pupa (Faula) pereximia, Melv. & Pons. Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. ser. 6,

vol. xix. (1897) p. 638, pl. xvii. fig. 3.

Hab. Buffalo River.

A beautiful species, of the same character as P. glanvilleana

(Ancey), but Jarger in all its parts.

28. Pupa (fauxulus) ponsonbyana, Morelet.

Pupa ponsonbyana, Morelet, Journ. de Conch. vol, xxxvii. (1889) p. 9,

pl. i. fig. 5.

Hab. Port Elizabeth &c. A species of very wide distri-

bution.

This is apparently the type of Ancey’s section Anisoloma*,

We may add, in conclusion, that we concur with Dr. H. A.

Pilsbry (Man. Conch. ser. 2, vol. xvill. p. 336) in removing

what he rightly terms the monotypic genus Celiaxis (sp.

C. layardi, Ad. & Ang. P. Z. 8S. 1865, p. 54, pl. ii. fig. 1:

Hab. Cape Colony) to a place among the Achatinide,

subfam. Coeliaxinee, in company with the little-known genera

Cryptelasmus, Pilsb., from ‘Trinidad, Thomea, Gir., and

Pyrgina, Greef, from I, St. Thomé, and likewise the Lower

juocene genus Listechia, Crosse, from the Paris basin.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE I,

Figs. 1, 2. Papa cryptoplax, M. & P.

Eg. 3. dadion, Bens,

Eg. 4, dysorata, M. & P.

Figs. 5, 6. —— , var. intradentata, Burnup, nov.

Fig. Ze Farquhari, M. & P.

Figs. 8-10. —— griqualandica, M. & P.

Hig? * EY wota, M. & P.

Fig. 12, —— , var. lwwingstone, Burnup, nov.

* Vide Journ. de Conch. yol. xlix. (1901) p. 141.

86 Messrs. E. W. L. Holt and L. W. Byrne on

Puate II,

Fig. 13. Pupa layardi, Bens.

Figs. 14, 15. noltet, Bttg.

Fig. 16. ovampoensis, M. & P.

Figs. 17. 18 perplexa, Burnup, sp. n.

Fig. 19. —— quantula, M. & P.

Fug. 20 sykesit, M. & P.

Fig. 21. —— , var. inconspicua, Burnup, nov.

Fig. 22, tabularis, M. & P.

Fug. 23. —— (Faurulus) glanvilleana, Anc.

Fug. 24, —— ( ) pamphorodon, Bens.

Fig. 25, —— ( ) pereximia, M. & P.

Fig. 26. —— (Vertigo) sinistrorsa, Cray.

XI.—New Deep-sea Fishes from the South-west Coast of

Ireland. By E. W. L. Hour and L. W. Byrn.

{Plate ITT. }

THE fishes described below were taken by Messrs. Farran and

Kemp in the course of fishery investigations carried out in the

‘ Helga’ on behalf of the Fisheries Branch of the Department

of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland. All

occurred in depths of less than 1000 fathoms and, conse-

quently, within the British and Irish marine area.

Gadide.

Genus LZMONEMA, Ginther.

- The definition of this genus appears to require revision and

should read as follows :—

“ Body of moderate length, covered with small scales.

Fins scaleless, their bases sometimes clothed with loose skin.

Two dorsal fins and one anal, anterior dorsal with 5 or 6 rays.

Caudal separated by a short interval from posterior dorsal

and anal. Ventrals apparently reduced to a single long ray,

bifid at its extremity; cther rays, if present, minute and

closely apposed to the large ray. Bands of villiform teeth in

jaws; a small group of vomerine teeth usually present.

Chin usually with a small barbel.”

Lemonema seems, as Giinther (1887) has remarked, to

scarcely deserve generic separation from Phycis. The most

obvious distinction lies in the first dorsal fin, which in Phycis

has 8-12 rays and in Lemonema 5 or 6. The presence or

absence of a barbel has no necessary generic value in Gadide ;

Horp& Byrye.

Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 8.

aS WS

oe WS SSS

ZBI SS

SZ 2

a ARMA AMG

CYTTOSOMA HELG&.

B. del.

L. W.

new Fishes from the South-west Coast of Ireland. 87

for instance, Gadus merlangus always has a small barbel

when young, very rarely when adult. Vomerine teeth also

may disappear with age, as in Gadiculus argenteus.

; #

Lemonema latifrons, sp. n.

Form rather massive anteriorly, compressed behind the

shoulders ; body distinctly elevated at the nape, highest at

origin of second dorsal, and thence tapering to a very slender

caudal peduncle. Head broad and somewhat depressed, but

less broad than high, its length about equal to or slightly

less than greatest height of body and about 43 in total length

without caudal fin. Snout obtuse in vertical, broadly rounded

Lemonema latifrons. X 3 ca,

in horizontal profile, about 14 times in horizontal diameter of

eye, which is itself contained 3 to 3} times in length of head

and is slightly less than the width of the interorbital space.

Height of caudal peduncle about 4 of the horizontal diameter

of the eye. Barbel minute. Gape rather oblique, angle of

jaw not extending beyond centre of eye, upper jaw somewhat

protruding ; small teeth in bands in the jaws and in a small

patch on the vomer. First dorsal, arising about opposite the

* Absence of material of other Atlantic species of a comparable size

makes it impossible to construct a useful key to the genus, but the

following brief notes may be of assistance :—

In comparison with L. latifrons :

L. barbatula, Goode and Bean, has a much smaller head, narrower

interorbital space, and shorter ventrals ;

L. globiceps, Gilch., has fewer and much larger scales ;

LI. melanurum, Goode and Bean, has a narrower interorbital space,

smaller scales, and much longer barbel ;

L. robustum, Gthr., has fewer fin-rays, much longer ventrals, and a

less broadly rounded snout ; ‘

And JL. yarrella (Lowe) has larger and fewer scales and a compara-

tively narrower interorbital space.

88 Messrs. HE. W. L. Holt and L. W. Byrne on

pectoral, with five rays, the longest about equal to the hori-

zontal diameter of the eye and half as. long as the pectoral.

Second dorsal and anal respectively with about 67-70 and

about 59-65 rays, their bases clothed, especially in their

anterior parts, with loose scaleless skin. Ventrals consisting

of a single long divided ray, extending to or slightly beyond

the origin of the anal, and of one or more minute rays closely

apposed to the long ray. Scales small, at least 140 transverse

series crossing the lateral line, about 14 or more in a vertical

series between the first dorsal and the lateral line, about 35 in

the ventral continuation of the same series. Lateral line in-

distinct posteriorly ; about 20 modified scales can be detected

on the anterior five-sixths of the body.

Coloration apparently uniform dark brown (most of the

head and body is now scaleless and pale); fins blackish

brown, without perceptible white border.

Loc. 8.R. 489, 4. ix. 07,51° 35! N., 11° 55! W720 tates

trawl.

Two, 137 and 168 mm.

Pimensions of Type Specimens.

mm. mm.

Dota LOngty oa hee ie ons cp ae eh ete ete 168 137

* s without caudal fin ........ 151 124

Length sof head a..3 xs 5 ea ab iets eee 35 29

3 SOUL ch kann ee ORE Eee 8 65

Horizontal diameter of eye .........4.. 11°5 9

‘Width of interorbital space ............ 13°25 BE 4

Snout'to first dorsal din: 20st enn we 40 34

.j second dorsal fin sits exes dais 47 4]

3 OWS. Jae elas'e ah Ae ee eee ee 49 42

:) ANG TN sudo esah on eee eee 59 51

Height of body at commencement of second

dorsal tin 25) eid wes seine cee es owe 37 28

Height of caudal peduncle.............. 35 3

Length of longest ray of first dorsal fin .. 11°5 aby

fq. -pecboral an N50. th epee eee 23 16

‘i ventral fin sees gta een awe ane 27+ 25

Zeide.

Genus CYTTOSOMA.

An examination of such examples of Gilchrist’s recently

described species as are in the British Museum and of the

type of C. helga, below described, has convinced us that the

genus Cyttosoma, Gilch. (1904), requires redefinition in such

manner as to comprehend both that genus as originally

defined and Neocyttus, Gilch. (1906). While regarding

new Fishes from the South-west Coast of Ireland. 89

Boulenger’s suggestion (1903) that Cyttosoma is merely the

adult form of Oreosoma, C. & V., as highly probable, we

prefer not to apply the latter name to the genus now under

consideration until further material is available.

For present purposes the genus may be defined as follows :—

CytTTosoMa (Gilch.).

? Oreosoma, C. & V.

Cyttosoma, Gilch. (1904 & 1906),+ Neocyttus, Gilch. (1906).

Form compressed and elevated, more or less rhomboidal ;

body and parts of head covered with moderate or small

ctenoid scales. Rows'of bony scutes or tubercles sometimes *

present on belly and sides. No bony scutes or tubercles

along bases of dorsal and anal fins. Dorsal and anal fins

similar, their spinous and articulated rays continuous but

separated by notches. Dorsal spines VI-VII, anal ITI-IV.

Upper jaw protrusible. Small teeth in the jaws and-usually

on vomer.

Oreosoma atlanticum, C. & V., is known from two young

specimens only (the largest 68 mm. long) in which the bony

tubercles on the sides of the body are relatively enor-

mous; there is nothing to definitely connect these with any

known adult form, but they may, as suggested by Boulenger

(1903), prove to be the young of some fish closely allied to

C. verrucosum. ‘

Of Pseudocyttus maculatus, Gilch. (1906), we have seen no

specimen, and the figure referred to in the original description

isas yet unpublished. ‘hespecies is imperfectly charaeterized,

but is stated to have two anal spines only and cycloid scales,

and therefore does not not fall within the definition ot

Cyttosoma above suggested.

The characters which may prove to be valid for the

distinction of species of Cyttosoma at all stages are somewhat

uncertain. No reliance can be placed on the lines of bony

tubercles which occur in the young of some and, perhaps, of

all species, since, while in C. verrucosum they persist in large

examples, they disappear at a comparatively early stage in

C. boops and are not present in any of the hitherto observed

stages of the other species. ‘The scales probably maintain

their number, but it is not improbable that they become

smoother with age and their asperities are rather easily

rubbed off, as, for instance, in the type of C. helge, of which

* Probably always in young, but some species are known only from

specimens of a size at which the scutes have already been lost in others.

90 Messrs. E. W. L. Holt and L. W. Byrne on

the anterior parts were certainly rougher when first observed

than at present, after several journeys between Dublin and

the British Museum.

The shape of the back, dependent on the degree of eleva-

tion of the body at the origin of the dorsal fin, will probably

be a good character in all but the youngest stages, the genus

being divisible into forms in which the profile between eyes

and dorsal fin is concave and those in which the profile is

either straight or slightly convex. The pattern of the inter-

orbital area, depending on the relative form and positions of

the frontal and prefrontal bones, and the consequent outline

of the scale-clad area overlying the ethmoid region, probably

also offers a constant character.

In the development of the dorsal and anal spines, relative

to the size of the individual, C. boops is intermediate between

C. verrucosum and the other species ; but while this character

has no doubt a constant specific value, its application at

different phases of growth requires considerable caution,

because the length of the spines, relative to that of the

individual and of the longest articulated rays in the same fin,

no doubt undergoes considerable reduction as the fish increases

in size.

So far as our knowledge at present extends, the species of

Cyitosoma may be distinguished as follows :—

1. Dorsal spines VI, anal III, all compara-

tively feeble and (in a specimen 200 mm.

long without caudal) much shorter than

the longest articulated rays. Dorsal profile

from back of head to origin of dorsal fin

straight or slightly convex. Tubercles on

sides of belly persistent at a length of

200 mm. (without caudal). L.1. ca. 95.. 1. C. verrucosum, Gilch.

2. Dorsal spines VI-VII, anal III-IV, one or

more in each fin thickened and produced.

Dorsal profile from back of head to origin

of dorsal fin more or less concave.

A. Second, third, and fourth dorsal spines

(in specimens of 95 and 150 mm. without

caudal) moderately stout and produced,

but shorter than longest articulated rays

of same fin, second or third the longest,

the third but little longer than fourth.

Tubercles on sides of belly obsolescent

at 95 mm., absent at 150 mm. L. 1. ca.

100. A conspicuous horizontal ridge on

OPeVCHlUMmae: He we lose Wak cdi oh 2. C. boops, Gilch.

B. Second dorsal and first anal spines (in

specimens of 108 to 200 mm. without

caudal) much longer and stouter than

others, and as long as succeeding articu-

lated rays. (Neocyttus, Gilch.)

new Fishes from the South-west Coast of Ireland. 91

i. L. 1. ca. 102, Interorbital area over-

lying ethmoid region and bounded by

prefrontals and frontals, almost rectan-

gular. No tubercles on belly at [(Gilch.).

108 mm. (without caudal).......... 3. C. rhombordalis

ii. L. 1. ca. 80-85. Interorbital area over-

lying ethmoid region and bounded by

prefrontals and frontals, lanceolate.

No tubercles on belly at 200 mm.

(without chudal ler: Sivas (ns uke ts 4, C. helge, sp. n. (infra),

Cyttosoma helge, sp.n. (PI. II.)

Head moderately, body greatly elevated and compressed ;

greatest width in opercular region; anterior profile from

above eyes to origin of dorsal fin concave ; bases of dorsal

and anal fins nearly straight. Length of head without jaws *

about 3 in total length (without jaws * and caudal fin), about

twice in distance from origin of second dorsal spine to origin

of ventral spine, and about 2+ in distance from origin of

second dorsal spine to origin of first anal spine. Snout

(without jaws) about twice in horizontal diameter of orbit T

and nearly 44 times in head (without jaws). Vertical

diameter of orbit about # of horizontal diameter and about

equal to width of interorbital space. Caudal peduncle about

as long as orbit ; its length about double its depth and three

times its width.

Median area of interorbital space lying between the rather

broad frontals and prefrontals and bounded posteriorly by

the frontals, lanceolate, slightly convex, and covered with

small very rough scales. All the exposed bones of the head

and gill-cover granular or rugose, with their exposed margins

finely but bluntly and irregularly denticulated. No distinctly

projecting ridge on operculum. Maxilla extending to below

tront of eye, with a central rugose area not extending to its

edges. Mouth protrusible, when completely closed projecting

but little (about 4 horizontal diameter of eye) beyond pre-

orbitals. Both jaws with a few small and obsolescent teeth ;

vomer toothless. Suborbital wide, its vertical measurement

below centre of eye about 4 vertical diameter of orbit.

Dorsal fin originating slightly behind vertical from ventrals,

VII 34; the second spine very stout, longitudinally striated,

and as long as horizontal diameter of eye; articulated rays

* It seems best to adopt this standard of length, as the jaws are often

protruded in preserved specimens and cannot be closed without risk of

injury. The front edge of the preorbital is always well defined.

t+ The marked bulging of the eyes in some species of this genus is

plainly, in part at least, caused by circumstances attending capture in

deep water.

92 Messrs. E. W. L. Holt and L. W. Byrne on

unbranched. Anal fin originating below fifth spine of dorsal,

IV * 30;; its first spine similar in all respects to second dorsal

spine and its articulated rays unbranched. Pectoral fin

broadly ovate and as long as eye, with 19 unbranched rays.

Ventral fins inserted rather close together, each with one

spine, similar in all respects to second dorsal spine, and 6 +

branched rays. Longest articulated rays of dorsal, anal, and

caudal as long as second dorsal and first anal spines.

Lateral line with a bold anterior curve passing into the

straight posterior part without any approach to an angle,

composed of about 82 modified scales, including about 4 which

overlie the base of the caudal fin, and crossed by about the

same number of transverse series of scales. About 16 scales

in a transverse series between the second dorsal spine and the

highest part of the lateral line and about 18 between the

bases of pectoral and ventral fins. Scales ctenoid, those on

the posterior part of the body of moderate size; nearly

smooth, with finely denticulate margins, which form a fairly

regular net-like pattern, the exposed parts of scales being

much higher than wide ; scales wider on the caudal peduncle,

where there are 3 above and 3 below the lateral line in a

lateral view ; a row of somewhat enlarged scales, forming a

bead-like pattern at the bases of the dorsal and anal fins, the

number of scales approximately corresponding to the number

of rays. Scales smaller and crowded on the anterior parts of

the sides.

On the upper part of the body in front of the origin of the

dorsal fin, on the belly and isthmus, and on the scale-clad

parts of the head, the scales are covered with asperities

(which are somewhat easily rubbed off), and these portions of

the head and body are consequently much rougher than the

remainder of the body. There is no trace of any series of

bony scutes or tubercles.

Coloration ¢ grey, mouth-parts and gill-membranes bluish

black; fin-membranes dark purplish brown or black, and

articulated rays dark brownish grey.

* The fourth ray has been broken and is now a mere stump, but appears

to have undoubtedly been a spine.

+ The two distal articulated rays originate together and may be fairly

regarded as either a single bifid or two rays (?. e. either five or six in all).

We follow what seems to have been the general practice in describing

allied forms in reckoning them as two rays.

t “Pale grey, bluish on gastric region, dark bluish grey on caudal,

dorsal, ventral, and anal. Branchiostegal membrane deep black, showing

beyond operculum. Iris black, pupil transparent (black), mouth black ”

(Note taken at time of capture by Mr. Kemp). Since its capture the

specimen has been stained a reddish yellow by the colouring-matter

extracted from some echinoderms preserved in the same vessel.

new Fishes from the South-west Coast of Ireland. 93

Length of specimen 239 mm., 201 mm. without caudal

fin.

Loc. §.R. 487, 3. ix. 07, 51° 36’ N., 11° 57’ W., 540-660

fath.; trawl.

The above diagnosis is based on a single specimen, which

has the following dimensions :—

mm.

Total length (with mouth closed) ............ 239

e », without jaws * or caudal fin...... 198 *

Length of head without jaws * ............6. 65 *

| anoues) )e Aid bel IR eA Shab Te Th 15 *

Horizontal diameter of orbit ..............., 29

Vertical bs ee Cie tas he ok Cees Seer 23

Pterarbrial Dread hie a crests fake nee Sans 22

Vertical height of body at origin of dorsal .... 1381

Distance from second dorsal to first anal spine.. 148

Henin ce caudal peduncle: 2. 654). uve neat oes 15

Wieden of head at cill-cover) O07 Ni wks ences « 35

i CANTOR POCUUEIOR® fees. stele c ke Cds 10

Length of second dorsal spine................ 51

a first anal att UCM AD ee Oot da sat 315

, ventral atti ttt ad glans ae bau

Ceratiide.

Onetrodes megaceros, sp. n.

Body ovoid and compressed, covered with smooth skin, its

greatest height about 12 in total length without caudal fin ;

belly tumid. Head very large, somewhat compressed, its

length (to hind edge of gill-opening) about 12 in total Jength.

Frontal and mandibular spines well developed; breadth of

head between tips of former about twice and between tips

of latter about 1} times in its length; distance from tip of

frontal spine to tip of mandibular spine about 13 in length

of head. Snout blunt, lower jaw slightly projecting, gape

nearly horizontal. Hyes minute, lying vertically below

frontal spines. ‘Teeth in jaws slender, curved, of unequal

size, and depressible ; a few similar teeth on either side of

vomer. Caudal peduncle very short, its height about 4 times

in length of head. D.I, 1,6; anterior spine situate far

forward on head and developed into a tentacle which is longer

than the head ; second spine vestigial and reduced to a small

tubercle midway between the anterior spine and the articu-

lated rays, which are feebly developed and opposite the anal.

A. 4, feebly developed. The tentacle is jointed at about 2 of

the distance from its origin to its tip, which is clavate and

bears on its upper edge anteriorly a short digitiform limb with

* To include jaws (with mouth closed) 3 mm. should be added to

these measurements,

94 New Fishes from the South-west Coast of Ireland.

several short branches; behind this a tuft of very slender

filaments, followed by a luminous organ in the form of a

backwardly directed truncated cone, and posteriorly a rather

stout filament a little longer than the clavate head of the

tentacle (the whole apparatus resembling that of O. esch-

richtit). Pectoral above and in front of gill-opening with

14 feeble rays, the longest about a quarter as long as the

head. Caudal with 8 rays, the longest more than half as

long as head.

Coloration dense black, fin-membranes and tip of tentacle

‘with its appendages colourless. Stalk of tentacle (in present

condition of specimen and perhaps normally) pale.

Loc. §.R. 497, 10, ix. 07, 51° 2) N., 11° 36! W.) qio=7 9a

fath.; ooze, trawl.

Dimensions of Type.

Total length, including lower jaw and caudal fin .. 89

5 without cadal tin). “sae n.e8 cere 67

Length of head (tip of snout to hind edge of gill-

OPENING) My. caddie wk se ee ke Rows aren Sree 4]

Tip of snout to base of pectoral fin-rays .......... 36

m ' eye (between verticals) .......... ca. 12

* 9 angle of jaw (between verticals) .. ca. 19

Honzontal diameter of Gyo. ua ssse sk an sen eee ca. 3

Breadth between tips of frontal spines .......... 20

5 a mandibular spines*...... 34

Distance from tip of frontal to tip of mandibular

Bpine (Actual) hess edn shee sbi ae Bee ee ee ee 31

Greatest height (a little anterior to gill-opening) ., 47

‘Height of caudal peduncle. 2.2.15 0... s see eaes 10

It is with some hesitation that we treat our specimen as

specifically distinct from O. eschrichii, Liitk. (1871), which

is at present known from a single specimen, about 8 inches

long, taken off Greenland. The two species agree in all

essential particulars, and the only obvious differences lie in

the lengths of their respective tentacles (that of O. eschrichtit

being less than half as long as the head and that of O. mega-

ceros longer than the head) and in the reduction of the second

dorsal spine (which in O. eschrichtii is as long as the

tentacle) to a mere vestige in O. megaceros. It is possible

that these differences may be of a developmental or sexual

nature only, as the type of O. megaceros is less than half the

length of that of O. eschrichtii. We have, however, no

evidence of any reduction in length of the tentacle of Ceratiids

with growth, and the tentacle of O. megaceros is actually

about a third as long again as that of O. eschrichtit. More-

over, in the very small known specimens of O. niger, Brauer,

* This dimension can be reduced by slight pressure.

On a new Genus and Species of Cleride. 4,

and O. glomerosus, Alcock, the tentacles are relatively very

short. The tubercle representing the second dorsal rays in

O. megaceros is certainly not the result of any recent absorp-

tion of a large ray. A row of similar tubercles is apparently

present on the fore part of the back of O. niger, and is shown

in Brauer’s figure but not mentioned in the text.

To the other species formerly referred to Paronetrodes,

Alcock (1890), and Dolopichthys, Garman (1899), but now

included by Alcock (1899) and Brauer (1906) in Onetrodes

(the original definition of which must in consequence be

modified by omitting all reference to the number and position

of the dorsal spines), O. megaceros shows no very close affinity.

References.

Aucock, (1890.) Cat. Deep-sea Fishes in Indian Museum.

BoutEneer. (19038.) C.R. Ac. Sci. exxxvii. 523.

Braver. (1906.) ‘ Valdivia’ Deep-sea Fishes.

GarRMAN. (1899.) ‘Albatross’ Expedition Fishes.

GitcurRist. (1904.) Marine Investigations S. Africa, iii.

. (1906.) Marine Investigations 8. Africa, iv.

GtnTHER. (1887.) ‘Challenger’ Deep-sea Fishes.

Lirxren., (1871.) Overs. K. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. 56.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

Cyttosoma helge, type, X 3 ca., based on a photograph.

XII.—Description of a new Genus and Species of Cleride.

By.C. J. GAHAN, M.A.

DIEROPSIS, gen. nov.

Eyes with a deep subtriangular emargination in front,

from which a line passes backwards almost up to the hind

border, dividing each eye into two parts: a more finely

facetted upper part and a more coarsely facetted lower part.

Antenne rather short, 11-jointed, the last three joints dilated

and compressed, forming a somewhat triangular club.

Labrum distinct, transverse, with a more or less deep sinuate

emargination in front. Last joint of maxillary and labial

palpi triangular. Prothorax with a more or less strongly

developed tubercle at the middle of each side. LElytra elon-

gate, somewhat parallel-sided, obtusely rounded at the apex.

Legs moderately stout, subequal in length in the female, the

front pair greatly elongated in the male; the hind femora

much shorter than the abdomen ; tarsi moderately long, with

the first joint very short, the second a little shorter than the

two succeeding joints united; the claw-joint rather broad,

96 On a new Genus and Species of Cleride.

only slightly narrowed towards the base, the claws simple,

widely divergent, with a rather distinct setose onychium

showing between them at their base; the second, third, and

fourth joints lamellate beneath, the lamellee truncate at the

apex. Metasternum produced anteriorly about halfway

between the middle coxe, and furnished on the intercoxal

process with a more or less prominent tubercle. Fifth ventral

segment of the abdomen semicircularly emarginate at the

apex in the male, rounded at the apex in the female.

The male of this genus is readily distinguishable from

the female by the very long front legs; the tibie of these

legs are furnished at the apex on the posterior side with an

obtuse process, and the tarsi are rather densely fringed on

each side with long hairs. A sexual difference is also to be

found in the form of the last joint of the palpi; in the

female this joint is short and very broad, in the male more

elongate.

The genus is to be placed in the subfamily Clerine. In

its general form and in the structure of its antenne it shows

an affinity with Trichodes, Herbst, but differs from the

latter by its tuberculate prothorax, the peculiar -character of

its eyes, the somewhat differently formed tarsi, and the

tuberculated intercoxal process of the mesosternum.

Dieropsis quadriplagiata, sp. n.

Nigra, hirta; prothorace utrinque tuberculo eburneo munito;

elytris dense fortiterque punctatis, utrisque fasciis duabus flavo-

testaceis, ornatis—una prope basin, secunda angustiore pone

medium.

Long. ¢ 26, lat. 9 mm.; long. 9 25-30, lat. 8-10 mm.

Hab. British Central Africa: Kondowe (A. Whyte),

Niomkolo (A. Carson), and Fwambo (W. H. Nutt).

Black ; the head, prothorax, base of elytra, body beneath,

and legs rather densely covered with long black hairs. Head

and prothorax thickly punctured, the latter furnished on each

side with a smooth ivory-yellow tubercle of somewhat

variable size (in the male type from Kondowe it is scarcely

prominent, whereas in the female example from F'wambo it

is quite prominent and in form conical), LHlytra very

closely and strongly punctured, except on the posterior third

or fourth part; each with two transverse testaceous-yellow

bands, which extend from the lateral border to within a

short distance of the suture; the anterior band is consider-

ably the wider of the two, but narrows towards its inner end,

its hind border being nearly straightly transverse, while the

anterior border is oblique or slightly curved.

The Recent Voles of the Microtus nivalis Group. 97

XIII.—The Recent Voles of the Microtus nivalis Group.

By Gerrit S. Mixuzr.

AutHoucH probably once more generally distributed, the

voles of the Microtus nivalis group are at the present day

rather strictly confined to the mountains of the Mediter-

ranean—Black Sea region. They are known to occur in the

Pyrenees, Alps, Apennines, Carpathians, and Caucasus%, as

well as at considerable altitudes in Asia Minor and Palestine ;

while at only a single locality in Southern France has a

living species been found in the plains. The supposed

occurrence of a member of the group in Kashmir + is the

result of a misdetermination of generic characters{; and

there seems to be no sufficient reason to regard Microtus

strelzowt, Kashstchenko §, from Central Altai, as anything

but a somewhat aberrant Alticola. The seven forms repre-

sented in the collection of the British Museum show that

the group is sufficiently extensive and well-defined to be

recognized as a distinct subgenus :—

CHIONOMYS, subgen. nov.

1858. Paludicola, Blasius, Séugethiere Deutschlands, p. 334 (part.).

Not of Wagler, 1830,

1847. Praticola, Fatio, Les Campagnols du Bassin du Léman, p. 34

(part.). Not of Swainson, 1837.

1896. Microtus, Miller, North Amer. Fauna, no. 12, p. 62 (part.)

(July 23, 1896).

Type species.—Arvicola nivalis, Martins.

Characters.—Like the subgenus Microtus, but third upper

molar with only two re-entrant angles on each side, as in

Arvicola and some forms of Pitymys; skull with broad,

rather flat, smooth brain-case and wide interorbital region,

the temporal ridges low and inconspicuous ; posterior ter-

mination of palate essentially as in Microtus, but with the

elements usually less well defined.

* Satunin, Zool. Jahrb. ix. p. 302 (1896). Dagestan.

+ Microtus imitator, Bonhote, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 7th ser. xv.

p. 197 (February 1905).

¢ The structure of the palate shows that the animal is an Altzcola,

The teeth are peculiar in their somewhat generalized form, as com-

pared with those of the previously known members of the genus,

§ Results of the Altai zoological expedition of 1898, p. 50 (Russian

text), pl. ii. figs. 2 & 3 (1899); Annuaire du Mus. Zool. de l’Acad. Imp.

des Sci. de St. Pétersbourg, iv. p. 37 (Russian text), figs. 26 &38b. See

especially figure of molar teeth in original description, and side view

of skull in later account (where the species is made type of the new

subgenus Platycranius).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 7

98 Mr. G. 8. Miller on the

Key to the Members of the Subgenus Chionomys.

Pterygoids with inner faces not parallel; width of

mesopterygoid fossa anteriorly much greater

than distance from edge of fossa to alveolus of

Ear about 16°56 mm.; molars with salient angles

unusually acute, (Northern Asia Minor;

Caucasus?) yl » ssw sel ses ssbicdl oun aeeee Microtus pontius.

Ear about 13°6 mm.; molars with salient angles

not unusually acute. (Palestine.).......... M. hermonis.

Pterygoids with inner faces parallel (vertical) ;

width of mesopterygoid fossa anteriorly never

more than equal to distance from edge of fossa

to alveolus of m*. (Hurope.

Hind foot in adult less than 20 mm.; back clear

light grey or with very slight brownish tinge ;

tail always white ......... Aa hel aig. Stace M, lebruni.

Audital bulle large and strongly inflated

(normal); back with slight brownish

tinge. (Basses-Alpes.). 0. vai. aise 5 hn cued M. 1. leucurus.

Audital bulle small and flattened; back clear

light grey. (Gard.)..:..... Wists a betes ere M. 1. lebruni.

Hind foot in adults 20 mm. or more; back de-

cidedly brownish; tail often not entirely

white.

Posterior border of palate with median ridge

sharply defined, its width less than that of

deep lateral pit; back strongly clouded with

blackish ; tail usually dark above ........ M. ulpius.

Posterior border of palate with median ridge

seldom sharply defined, its width always

at least equal to that of shallow lateral pit ;

back slightly or not clouded with blackish ;

tail usually not dark above .............. M. nivalis.

Anterior loop of first lower molar with

postero-external salient angle usually nar-

row and sharply pointed, never obsolete.

(ALDE) 5 iS b gaan toe Mie meu eae ae M. n. nivalis.

Anterior loop of first lower molar with

eye Bie, salient angle usually

road and rounded, sometimes obsolete.

(Pyrenees.). 159. +s twee yee cee Bene M. n, aquitanius,

Microtus nivalis (Martins).

(Synonymy under subspecies.)

Geographical distribution.—Pyrenees, Alps (except extreme

south-western portion), Apennines, and Tyrol.

Characters.—Size large (hind foot 20 to 22 mm., condylo-

basal length of skull in adults 28 to 30'4 mm.). Skull with

pterygoids vertical, their inner surfaces parallel; meso-

pterygoid fossa narrow, its width anteriorly never more

than equal to distance between fossa and alveolus of third

Recent Voles of the Microtus nivalis Group. oe

molar; posterior border of palate with median ridge usually

flattened and ill-defined, its width at least equal to that of

shallow lateral pit. Colour smoke-grey above, strongly

washed with bister on back, and usually tinged with pale

buff along sides; underparts dull white, irregularly clouded

by the slaty under-colour; feet and tail whitish, the tail

usually (in about two-thirds of the skins examined) tinged

with brown above, but apparently never sharply bicolor.

Microtus nivalis nivalis (Martins).

1842. Arvicola nivalis, Martins, Revue Zoologique, p. 331. (Faul-

horn, Switzerland.)

1843. Arvicola alpinus, Wagner, Schreb. Saugth., Suppl. iii. p. 576.

(Andermatt, Switzerland.)

1845, Arvicola nivicola, Schinz, Synops. Mamm. ii. p. 236, (Highest

Swiss Alps; probably near Andermatt.)

18538. Hypudeus petrophilus, Wagner, Minch. Gelehrt. Anzeiger,

p. 807 (March 28, 1853). (Obersdorf, near Sonthofen, Allgau,

Bavaria.)

Type locality——Faulhorn, Switzerland.

Geographical distribution.—Alps, Apennines, and Tyrol.

(Probably includes more than one geographical race.)

Characters.—Anterior loop of first lower molar tending

to assume an arrow-head-like outline, owing partly to the

general narrowness of the loop, but more especially to the

form of the postero-external salient angle, which is usually

narrow and sharply pointed, and rarely if ever * obsolete.

Remarks.—The form of the anterior loop of the first lower

molar appears to be characteristic of the Alpine race of

Microtus nivalis, as the specimens that I have examined

are immediately recognizable by this character alone. In

two skulls from the type locality of Hypudeus petrophilus,

kindly placed at my disposal by Dr. C. I. Forsyth Major,

and in the single specimen in the British Museum from the

Apennines t (Mt. Cimone, collected by Dr. Major), this

loop is of the broadly crescentic form characteristic of the

Pyrenean race. The Mt. Cimone specimen also appears to

have the rostrum unusually robust. The material is, how-

ever, insufficient for satisfactorily determining the exact

status of petrophilus and the Apennine animal.

Microtus nivalis aquitanius, subsp. n.

Type.—Young adult male (skin and skull) collected near

* Never in the material thus far examined.

+ See also the figures of Apennine specimens published by Hinton,

Proc. Geol. Assoc, xx. pt. 2, pl. i, figs, 1-4 (1907).

100 Mr. G. S. Miller on the

l’Hospitalet, Ariége, France, altitude 4800 feet, August 27,

1906, by G. S. Miller. Original number 7082.

Geographical distribution Pyrenees ; at present known

from the eastern half of French side only (Pyrénées Orientales,

Ariége, and Hautes Pyrénées).

Characters —Similar to Microtus nivalis nivalis, but

anterior loop of first lower molar broadly crescentic in

outline, the posterior external salient angle broad and

rounded, occasionally obsolete.

Measurements.—Type: head and body 111 mm.; tail 59;

hind foot 21; ear from meatus 16. Skull: condylo-basal

length 28 ; zygomatic breadth 17°4; interorbital constriction

4°27; occipital breadth 14; occipital depth (median) 7°8 ;

nasal 8°6; diastema 9°2; mandible 18°6; maxillary tooth-

row 7:0; mandibular tooth-row 7:0.

Remarks.—Among the fourteen skulls examined there is not

a specimen which shows any near approach to the characters

of the typical Alpine race. As already pointed out, the form

of the anterior loop of the first lower molar in the Pyrenean

animal is essentially duplicated in specimens from Tyrol and

the Apennines.

Microtus ulpius, sp. n.

Type.— Adult female (skin and skull). B.M. no. 8.2. 2. 48.

Collected at altitude of 2000 feet near Hatszeg, Hunyad,

Eastern Hungary, November 20, 1902, by C. G. Danford.

Original number 13.

Geographical distribution.—Known only from the vicinity

of the type locality, but probably occurring throughout the

Pica crs Alps, and perhaps in the true Carpathians

also.

Characters.—Similar to Microtus nivalis, but colour darker

and tail usually brown above (often distinctly bicolor

throughout); posterior border of palate with median ridge

sharply defined, its width less than that of deep lateral pit;

anterior loop of first lower molar as in M. nivalis aquitanius.

Measurements.—Type : head and body 131 mm. ; tail 58;

hind foot 20; ear 17. Skull: condylo-basal length 30-4;

zygomatic breadth 18; interorbital constriction 4:4; occi-

pital breadth 15; occipital depth (median) 7:4; nasal 8-0 ;

diastema 9°2; mandible 19-4; maxillary tooth-row 7:2;

mandibular tooth-row 7 0.

Remarks.—This species is well differentiated from Microtus

nivalis by the peculiar form of the palate and by the dark

colour of the upperparts. Among the thirteen skins ex-

amined all show traces of brown on the upper surface of the

Recent Voles of the Microtus nivalis Group. 101

tail, while in seven (including the type) the tail is distinctly

bicolor throughout.

Microtus lebrunii (Crespon).

(Synonymy under subspecies.)

Geographical distribution.—South-eastern France (Depart-

ments of Gard and Basses-Alpes).

Characters.— Like Microtus nivalis, but smaller (hind foot

less than 20 mm.; condylo-basal length of skull in adults

less than 28 mm.) and paler, the tail always pure white

throughout; the back a light grey without conspicuous

brownish suffusion.

Remarks—This species, although described more than

sixty years ago, has remained of very doubtful status until

within a few months. Mr. Charles Mottaz, of Geneva,

Switzerland, has recently visited the Departments of Gard

and Basses-Alpes in the interests of the British Museum,

and, thanks to his successful work, it is now possible to form

some definite opinion as to the animal’s relationships.

Microtus lebrunii lebrunii (Crespon).

1844, A[rvicola] lebrunii, Crespon, Faune Méridionale, i. p. 77.

1857. Arvicola nivalis, b. Arvicola leucurus, Blasius, Saugethiere

Deutschlands, p. 359 (part.).

Type locality.—Neighbourhood of Nimes, Gard, France.

Altitude about 550 feet.

Geographical distribution—Known only from the type

locality.

Characters.—Back a clear, very pale smoke-grey, without

evident wash of wood-brown. Skull with audital bulle

small and flattened, noticeably different in both form and

relative size from those of Microtus nivalis ; other cranial

characters asin M, nivalis, except for the smaller general size

of the skull; teeth rather smaller than those of M. nivalis,

the anterior loop of the first lower molar resembling that of

M. nivalis aquitanius.

Measurements—Adult male, no. 5519 (Mottaz): head

and body 122 mm.; tail66; hind foot 18°8; ear 14. Skull:

condylo-basal length 27°4 (ca.); zygomatic breadth 15 (ca.) ;

interorbital constriction 4°6; occipital depth (median) 7:4;

nasal 8 ; diastema 8°2 ; mandible 18 ; maxillary tooth-row 6°4 ;

mandibular tooth-row 6:2.

Remarks.—The typical form of Microtus lebrunii is easily

recognizable by its small size, pale colour, and flattened

102 Mr. G. S. Miller on the

audital bulle. It is, however, remarkably similar to Wicrotus

nivalis, when one considers the peculiarities of its habitat in

the midst of the vine and olive region of the Mediterranean

coast.

Microtus lebrunii leucurus (Gerhe).

1852. Arvicola leucurus, Gerbe, Revue Zoologique, 2nd ser. iv. p. 260

(June 1852).

1857. Arvicola nivalis, b. Arvicola leucurus, Blasius, Séugethiere

Deutschlands, p. 359 (part.).

Type locality. Barcelonnette, Basses-Alpes, France. Alti-

tude about 4000 feet.

Geographical distribution —South-western Alps.

Characters.—Back a pale smoke-grey, slightly but evi-

dently washed with wood-brown. Skull with audital bulle

large and well-inflated, essentially as in Microtus nivalis,

with which the other cranial characters agree.

Measurements.— Adult female topotype, no. 5623 (Mottaz):

head and body 120 mm.; tail 68; hind foot 19; ear 14°8.

Skull: zygomatic breadth 16 (ca.); interorbital constric-

tion 4°6 ; nasal 8°0; diastema 8°8 ; mandible 18; maxillary

tooth-row 7:0; mandibular tooth-row 6°8.

Remarks.—The two topotypes secured by Mr. Mottaz

show that this animal resembles MW, lebrunii lebrunii in its

small size and pale colour, but that the skull remains essen-

tially as in M. nivalis. The specimens were taken among

rocks near water in a locality which seemed perfectly

adapted to the needs of Microtus nivalis.

Microtus pontius, sp. n.

Type.—Adult male. B.M.no. 5.10. 4.53. Collected at

altitude of 7000 feet, about 25 miles north of Baibort,

Turkey in Asia, July 21, 1905, by R. B. Woosnam. Original

number 62. Presented by Col. A. C. Bailward.

Geographical distribution.—The species is known from the

type locality only.

Characters.—Size about as in Microtus lebrunii. Skull

with pterygoids inclined outward, their inner surfaces not

parallel; mesopterygoid fossa broad, its width anteriorly

much greater than distance between fossa and alveolus of

third molar ; posterior border of palate and form of audital

bulle as in M. nivalis ; general outline of skull rather more

slender than in the other members of the group; teeth

peculiar in the small size and very marked alternation of

the triangles in the upper molars and the unusual slenderness

Recent Voles of the Microtus nivalis Giroup. 103

and acuteness of all salient angles, though the actual number

of elements is in no way abnormal; anterior loop of first

lower molar in the single known specimen essentially as in

M. nivalis aquitanius ; general colour above a pale buffy

grey, the middle of back rather strongly tinged with dull

buff; tail and feet dull white. Underparts white, irregularly

clouded by the slaty under-colour.

Measurements.—Head and body 112 mm.; tail 67; hind

foot 19; ear 16°5. Skull: condylo-basal length 28°6 ; zygo-

matic breadth 16; interorbital constriction 42; occipital

breadth 12:6; occipital depth 7:0; nasal 8:0; diastema 8°6 ;

mandible 18; maxillary tooth-row 6°6; mandibular tooth-

row 6°4.

Remarks.—This species, though represented by the type

specimen only, is strikingly characterized by the peculiarities

of the mesopterygoid fossa resulting from the unusual tilting

outward of the pterygoids. The light buffy colour is also

different from that in any other known form.

Microtus hermonis, sp. u.

1884. Arvicola nivalis, Tristram, Survey of Western Palestine, Fauna

and Flora, p. 18.

Type.—Adult male (in alcohol). B.M. no. 64. 8.17. 31.

Collected on Mount Hermon, Palestine, by the Rev. H. B.

Tristram.

Geographical distribution Known from the type locality

only

Characters.—Differs from Microtus pontius, its nearest

geographical ally, in the decidedly shorter ear (13°6 mm.

instead of 16°5 mm.) and the less acute, less strongly alter-

nating triangles of the upper molars. Distinguishable from

the Kuropean members of the group by the narrower, more

elongated outline of the third upper molar. Structure of

palate not known.

Measurements.—Tail 56 mm.; hind foot 19; ear 13°6;

upper tooth-row 6:2.

Remarks.—Nothing remains of the skull of the type and

only known specimen except the right upper tooth-row. It

is therefore impossible to decide whether the pterygoids

resemble those of Microtus pontius or of the European mem-

bers of the subgenus. On geographical grounds the former

seems the more probable, though the latter alternative is not

impossible in view of the general character of the teeth.

104 Dr. W. B. Benham on an

XIV.—An Erroneous Echinodermal Identification. Cor-

rected by W. B. Benuam, D.Sc., F.R.S., Otago University,

New Zealand.

NEARLY thirty years ago, some specimens of a sea-urchin

were received from Stewart Island, New Zealand, at the

Otago University Museum, and were identified by the late

Capt. Hutton as “ Salmacis globator, Agassiz,’ and briefly

described in the Trans. N. Z. Inst. xi. p. 306.

I was receutly engaged in identifying specimens of

Echinoderms handed to me by Mr. Edgar Waite, who had

collected them during an experimental trawling-trip off the

New Zealand coast, and having read Mr. Farquhar’s note in

the current volume of the ‘Transactions N. Z. Institute’

(xxxiv. p. 130), wherein he suggests that our “ Salmacis”’

may probably belong to Bell’s species S. alexandri (P. Z.S.

1880, p. 431), I proceeded to look into the matter, with the

result that I find that our New Zealand urchin does not

belong to the genus Salmacis, nor even to the family ‘Temno-

pleuride, but is a member of the family Echinide. In fact,

it is a species of Pseudechinus, Mortensen, 1903, of which

the genotypeis P. albocinctus, Hutton (Cat. Ech. N. Z. 1872),

which he later regarded as a synonym of Lchinus magel-

lanicus, Philippi (‘lrans. N. Z. Inst. ix. p. 362).

Although I have not been able to refer to Mortensen’s

work, yet the diagnosis of this given in Bronn’s ‘ Class, und

Ordn. d. Thier-reichs,’ by Otto Hamann, enabled me io

place it in that genus at once—not only by the arrangement

of the pores, but also by the character of the “ globiferous

pedicellaria.”

Pseudechinus huttoni, sp. n.

(= Salmacis globator, Hutton, non Agassiz.)

“ The test is white with pink tubercles; the integument

pale brownish yellow. The spines in the upper portion are

reddish purple with white tips; on the lower portion they

are white, getting yellow towards the base”? (Hutt. Tr. xi.

p. 307).

The specimens thus briefly described by Hutton are still

mounted on a tablet and labelled in his handwriting ; they

are two in number, one with spines, the other denuded.

The former measures 52 mm. in diameter and 35 mm. in

height; the latter 42 and 34 respectively.

In the latter the interambulacrum at the ambitus measures

Erroneous Echinodermal Identification. 105

18 mm., the ambulacrum 9 mm., and the poriferous zone

1:5 mm. The tubercles are nearly all of the same size, and

arranged in transverse rows occupying the entire width of

the plate, usually a single row in each plate, and are pinkish

orange in colour. )

Pseudechinus huttont.

Fig. 1.—Portions of ambulacrum and interambulacrum, showing arrange-

ment of tubercles at the ambitus (A) and immediately above.

x 2.

Fig. 2.—An ambulacral and an interambulacral plate. x 4.

The form is more or less globular, with a slight tendency

for the apical region to be subconically elevated; at the same

time I have specimens which are distinctly depressed, so as

to be somewhat bun-shaped.

Interambulacrum.—In each plate the tubercle situated in

the middle of the plate is rather larger than the rest, and

may be termed a primary; on each side of this are three

slightly smaller ones, which may be termed secondaries. In

some instances a fourth secondary occurs near the external

(ambulacral) margin—so that at the ambitus there are usually

seven tubercles in a row, less usually eight.

In about every alternate plate this row is duplicated on

the ambulacral side of the primary.

Near the abactinal region the number of tubercles decreases

rather suddenly : the upper five or six plates bearing less than

seven ; the topmost having only one or two secondaries in

addition to the primary.

106 Dr. W. B. Benham on an

Above the chief row is a short imperfect and irregular row

of quite small tubercles (tertiaries)—about six at the ambitus

and below it, irregularly spaced, but rapidly diminishing

above to three, two, and one. The miliaries are not at all

well marked and are few in number.

Ambulacrum.—EKach ambulacral plate carries a single

primary situated immediately within the poriferous zone,

with two secondaries, of nearly the same size, forming a

transverse row on its mesial side. Below the ambitus the

second secondary soon disappears, and close to the actinostome

only the primary remains.

Above the ambitus the reduction occurs at about the fifth or

sixth plate from the abactinal circle, while in the two upper-

most plates only the primary remains.

Thus, while the interambulacral tubercles form distinctly

transverse rows, the ambulacrals form a vertical series, all

the tubercles being of nearly the same size.

The poriferous zone is somewhat depressed, and this gives

the appearance to the narrow ambulacra of being raised

above the general level of the plates.

(In a large specimen, 67 x 41 mm., the interambulacra are

very noticeably swollen, while the ambulacra appear as flat

depressions.)

As Mortensen’s diagnosis of the genus states, each ambu-

lacral plate bears three couples of pores, which are arranged

in a slightly zigzag line—the inner pore of the middle

couple being vertically below the outer pore of the upper

couple, while the outer pore of the lower couple is vertically

below the inner pore of the upper couple.

The spines are short, the longest 5 mm. in length—fine,

pointed, grooved and coloured as described by Hutton

(though in other specimens they are uniformly white).

In the apical ring the oculars are excluded from the peri-

proct ; the madreporite is prominent; the genital pores large ;

and a row of secondary tubercles occurs near the apical

margin of each of these plates.

The actinostome is nearly circular, the notches being very

slight, wide, and shallow.

In addition to these two specimens which served for

Hutton’s brief description, and one of which serves as type

of the new species, I have received several others, the largest

of which is 70 mm. by 50 mm. Some of them are paler

than the type, the spines being a dirty white, but all have

the tubercles pinkish orange. In the larger ones the number

of tubercles at ambitus is 9-10 in a transverse row, and the

Erroneous Echinodermal Identification. 107

difference in size between “ primary’ and “ secondary ”’ is

scarcely recognizable,

In others from Cromarty, Preservation Inlet, N.Z., which

are white, though the size is about the same as the type

(46 x 35 mm.), the number of tubercles is less ; for in the inter-

ambulacrum only five tubercles occur in a transverse row, at

the ambitus, and this soon becomes three above and below;

while on the ambulacrals two occur at ambitus, but only one

over the greater part of test.

This species is readily distinguished from P. albocinctus

by the small size and transverse arrangement of the many

tubercles on the interambulacral plates, as well as by the

colour of the test.

Pseudechinus albocinctus, Hutton.

I do not know whether P. albocinctus has been described

in detail by Mortensen. But my specimens, some of which

were labelled by Hutton (as Z. magellanicus), agree in general

with the above, but the tubercles are larger and fewer; the

colour of shell purple; the primary more conspicuous than

Fog. X op)

Pseudechinus albocinctus.

Fig. 3.—Portions of ambulacrum and interambulacrum at the ambitus (A)

and immediately above it. x 2.

Fig. 4.—An ambulacral and an interambulacral plate. x 4.

in P, huttoni. The miliaries are larger and more numerous,

while in the ambulacrum there are only two tubercles at

ambitus, &c.

108 Onan Erroneous Echinodermal Identification.

A specimen labelled by Hutton, denuded of spines,

measures 34 mm. in diameter, 22 mm. in height. The

interambulacrum, at the ambitus, measures 12 mm., the

ambulacrum 8 mm., and the poriferous zone 1°5 mm.

Hutton’s account of the type in the Colonial Museum,

Wellington, will be found in ‘ Catalogue of the Echinodermata

of New Zealand,’ 1872, p. 12. As this publication may not

be widely accessible I quote it :—

“ Height 2 of the diameter; pores forming a_ rather

irregular zigzag row of single pairs; ambulacral plates with

one primary tubercle; interambulacral with three on the

lower half, but near the apex with one central tubercle sur-

rounded by smaller ones on the edge of the plate; ambulacra

narrow; tubercles moderate ; spines tapering, longitudinally

grooved; grooves much broader than the ridges. Shell

brownish purple ; spines reddish purple, broadly tipped with

white.

¢ Diameter 1 inch.”

It may be as well to give details of this co-type now before

me. ach interambulacral plate at the ambitus bears one

primary, of a diameter nearly equal to the height of the

plate; on the mesial side one secondary ; and on the ambu-

lacral side two secondaries, of about half the size of the

primary: z.¢. four tubercles in arow. Every alternate plate

bears two horizontal rows of two secondaries on the ambu-

lacral side of the primary.

The tertiaries and miliaries are numerous. Above the

ambitus the secondaries decrease in size and lose the linear

arrangement, so that near the abactinal ring each plate bears

only one primary.

Each ambulacral plate bears one primary, rather smaller

than that in the interambulacrum and situate about the

middle of the plate. On each side a secondary, the mesial

being the larger ; above the ambitus that on the side of the

poriferous zone becomes much smaller, while the other

secondary also decreases in size towards abactinal ring, to be

replaced ultimately by a miliary. The pores are arranged

much as in P. hutiont.

I have other specimens of larger size than this, the greatest

being 50 mm. diameter X 30 mm. high. They all agree

in colour of test and spines, though the extent of the white

tip varies, and the colour of the base is rather red than reddish

purple.

The general form is that of a depressed spheroid.

Dunedin,

November 6, 1907.

Ann.& Mag. Nat. Ilist. 8.8 .Vol.I, PUI.

’

8.GLYPTOSTERNUM SINENSE

J.Green del.et lith.

2.GOBIO WOLTERSTORFF1.

1.GYMNOSTOMUS KREVENBERGI]]I

On new Freshwater Fishes from China. 109

XV.—Descriptions of Three new Freshwater Fishes from

China. By C. Tare Reaan, M.A.

[Plate IV.]

THE fishes described below were collected by Dr. Martin

Kreyenberg, and have been received from Dr. W. Wolter-

storff, of Magdeburg.

Gymnostomus kreyenbergit. (PI. IV. fig. 1.)

Pharyngeal teeth hooked, slightly compressed, 5, 3, 2—

2, 3,5. Depth of body 32 in the length, length of head 4.

Breadth of head 12 to 2 in its length, length of snout 24 to

23, diameter of eye 4 to 5, interorbital width 3 to 384. Snout

not projecting beyond the upper lip. Width of mouth

slightly more than 4 the width of head; horny covering of

the lower jaw with evenly rounded anterior edge; folds of

the lower lip separated anteriorly by a narrow interspace ;

4 barbels, the anterior 3 as long as the posterior, which are

as long as the eye. 41 or 42 scales in a longitudinal series,

54 in a transverse series from origin of dorsal to lateral line,

34 between lateral line and base of ventral fin. Dorsal IIL 8,

not or scarcely higher than long; origin nearly equidistant

from tip of snout and base of caudal ; third simple ray not

enlarged, articulated in its distal half, more or less distinctly

serrated, especially in the young ; free edge of fin slightly

DA a

Wr, Faas

Heads of Gymnostomus kreyenbergu (a) and G'. styani (b),

seen from below.

concave. Anal III 5. Pectoral 4 to Z the length of head,

extending # to 2 of the distance from its origin to that of the

ventral, which is below the second branched ray of the dorsal.

Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle 1} as long as deep.

Olivaceous, silvery below, the edges of the scales darker ;

110 On new Freshwater Fishes from China,

membrane of dorsal fin dusky. Young with a dark longi-

tudinal lateral band and 5 dark vertical bars on the back.

Hab. Nankancho, near Tinghsiang.

Two specimens, 90 and 160 mm. in total length.

I have compared these with the types of G. styant, Blgr.

( Crossochilus styant, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, i. p. 268,

pl. xxii. fig. 1), from Ning Po, three specimens measuring

100 to 130 mm. in total length.

In these the anterior edge of the horny sheath of the lower

jaw is nearly straight, the folds of the lower lip are separated

anteriorly by a wider interspace, and the mouth is wider, 4 the

width of the head. The snout is considerably shorter than

the postorbital part of the head in G. styani, whereas in

G. kreyenbergit it is equal to it in length. Other slight

differences are the somewhat shorter head, shorter pectoral,

and different coloration of G. styant.

G. fasctatus, Stdr. (Crossochilus fasciatus, Steind. Denk-

schr. Ak. Wien, lix. 1892, °p. 372, ploiv. fig. 2)

Shanghai, is very similar to C. styant.

Other Chinese species of Gymnostomus are G. macrolepis,

Blkr., from the Yang-tse-kiang, and G. lepturus, Blgr.,

from Hainan; in these barbels are absent.

Gobio wolterstorfi. (Pl. IV. fig. 2.)

Pharyngeal teeth compressed, hooked, 5, 3—3, 5. Depth

of body 44 in the length, length of head 43. Snout a little

shorter than eye, the diameter of which is 24 in the length

of head; interorbital-width 44 in the length of head. Mouth

subterminal, extending to below the nostrils ; barbel as long

as the eye. Dorsal I1 7; origin nearer to tip of snout than

to base of caudal; longest ray a little shorter than the head ;

free edge slightly concave. Anal II 6. Pectoral 2 the

length of head; origin of ventrals a little in advance of the

middle of the dorsal. 33 scales in a longitudinal series, 34

in a transverse series from origin of dorsal to lateral line,

24 between lateral line and base of ventral fin. Brownish ;

a silvery lateral stripe; upper scales with dark edges; fins

ale.

: Hab. Nankancho, near Tinghsiang.

A single specimen, 90 mm. in total length.

This species is nearest to G. nitens, Gthr., from Shanghai,

in which barbels are absent and the eye is smaller.

Glyptosternum sinense. (PI. IV. fig. 3.)

Depth of body 55 in the length, length of head 3¢,

Breadth of head 1} in its length ; snout as long as the post-

On new South- American Reptiles. 111

orbital part of head ; interocular width 3 times the diameter

of eye and twice the distance between the nostrils; maxillary

barbel extending a little beyond the base of pectoral. Skin

of head and anterior part of body covered with small

tubercles. Dorsal I 6; spine not serrated, $ the length of

head ; length of adipose fin 14 in its distance from the dorsal.

Anal 12. Pectoral as long as the head, nearly reaching the

ventral, its spine ? as long, and with 8 or 9 strong serra-

tions on the inner edge. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal

peduncle 24 as long as deep. Olivaceous ; two broad dark

brownish transverse bands, one below the dorsal, the other

below the adipose fin; dorsal with an intramarginal series of

dark spots ; anal and pectorals with similar but less distinct

spots; small dark spots on the caudal.

Hab, 'Tunting.

A single specimen, 65 mm. in total length.

This is the first Chinese species of the genus Glypto-

sternum to be described. Of the Indian species with which

I have compared it, it is nearest to G. botia, Ham. Buch.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.

Fig. 1. Gymnostomus kreyenbergit.

Fig. 2. Gobio wolterstorffi.

Fig. 3. Glyptosternum sinense.

XVI.— Descriptions of new South-American Repiiles.

By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

Lepidoblepharis peracce.

Upper parts and throat covered with uniform very small

granules, smallest on the back of the head and on the throat,

largest on the snout*; lower parts and tail covered with

large, imbricate, cycloid, smooth scales (18 across the middle

of the body). Rostral and symphysial shields. large, the

former with short median cleft above, the latter with two

clefts behind ; four upper and three lower labials, first very

large. Upper eyelid and limbs as in L. festew, Peracca.

Dark brown above, paler brown beneath, blackish on the

upper part of the sides; a whitish streak on each side, from

the eye to the base of the tail, where it unites with its fellow;

upper surface of head with dark symmetrical markings.

* In L. festa, of which one of the types has been entrusted to me for

comparison by Count Peracca, the largest granules are on the back. ‘he

specimen from Chimbo, N.W. Ecuador (Coll. Rosenberg), in the British

Museum, differs in having the dorsal granules unequal in size

112 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on

ts mm,

Totalilength< 140s yinakhoa eae wats. 40

Headiiiocs ca eee aie ss ne ee eee i ae =

Width’ot head. cas. las esc ee eee 4

Body. stu wast noth ese. ss ean eee 16

Hore limb aes. os has ah Ro eee fe

Hind lamb, ese en. 8 aaa cen eee 9

ABA ta), o's Sa alee Kuhn Bs 6k ae ee 17

A single specimen of this new species, named in honour of

the founder of the Eublepharid genus Lepidoblepharis, was

obtained at Los Mangos, 8.W. Colombia, altitude 300 m.,

by Mr. M. G. Palmer.

Anolis palmeri.

Head twice as long as broad, slightly shorter than the tibia ;

forehead concave; no frontal ridges; upper head-scales

small, rugose or feebly keeled; scales of the supraorbital

semicircles feebly enlarged, keeled, separated by three or four

series of scales ; supraocular scales small, the larger distinctly

keeled; occipital enlarged, nearly as large as the ear-opening,

separated from the supraorbital scales by five or six series of

scales; canthus rostralis angular, canthal scales five ; loreal

rows five; five upper labials to below the centre of the eye ;

ear-opening moderate, oval. Gular appendage large; gular

scales small. Body scarcely compressed; no dorso-nuchal

fold. Scales on the back and sides minute, granular; ventrals

much larger, juxtaposed, rather strongly keeled. The

adpressed hind limb reaches between the ear and the eye ;

digital expansions moderate; 16 or 17 lamelle under phalanges

ii. and iii. of the fourth toe. Tail rounded, covered with

keeled scales, without enlarged dorsal series. Male with

enlarged postanal scales. Uniform green above, whitish

below.

d 2.

mm. mm,

Total length »...\, 2.te0 so ee 165 167

Reade cast een se aah cee 14 14

Width of head o.5 55 cs + 7 7

OU eal eo ieee tie ak ae 38 38

OTE NIBID tq seah «ee eh iio 25 24

ein Wamb ACOs, cubis sk 40 40

asl Sis rcs poeies ieee sb mols 113 115

Two specimens, male and female, from Los Mangos, 8. W.

Colombia, collected by Mr. M. G. Palmer.

Resembles A. chloris, Blgr.

new South-American Reptiles. 113

Anolis scapularis.

Head not quite as long as broad, slightly shorter than the

tibia; forehead concave; frontal ridges distinct; the larger

upper head-scales strongly keeled ; scales of the supraorbital

semicircles enlarged, separated by two series of small scales ;

about twelve enlarged, strongly keeled supraocular scales ;

occipital large, larger than the ear-opening, separated from

the supraorbital scales by three series of scales; canthus

rostralis sharp, canthal scales four; loreal rows six ; seven

upper labials to below the centre of the eye; ear-opening

moderate, oval. Gular appendage large; gular scales small.

Body compressed; no dorso-nuchal fold. Scales granular,

very minute on the sides, larger and keeled on the vertebral

region, larger still and smooth on the belly. The adpressed

hind limb reaches the posterior border of the eye; digital

expansions moderate; 14 lamelle under phalanges ii. and 111.

of the fourth toe. Tail slightly compressed, with keeled

scales, the median dorsal series of which is enlarged. Male

without enlarged postanal scales. Pale golden, with bright

yellow gular appendage ; a brown cross-band between the

eyes, some dark blotches on the back, and an oval blackish

spot above the insertion of the arm; tibia with dark and

light oblique bars.

mm.

SE otic LOMO V Lia a sista a dia etage fio So. a's m3 110

Poms ee, Bocce tok Pay tre Wedd oie» 12

VERNON Po teh n nc oes caer oe 7

DOOD Veet AS pret vs oir os Sole wae d 31

Forettimitagied bi. shes Pee aA ES «tek 18

PEE Mari Se Pe) Pe ba nen be eee 31

DSTI TS COMREROD CCL i ak vba F885 Gb 2 10

GAP ae tar acc s Mica eee vate be Pee PED Alay 4

A single male specimen from the Province Sara, Eastern

Bolivia, altitude 600 metres. Fromm the collection of Mr. J.

Steinbach.

Allied to A. ortoni’, Cope.

Polychrus logaster.

Agrees in most respects with P. marmoratus, L., but ventral

scales smooth or very faintly keeled. Dorsal scales feebly

uni-, bi-, or tricarinate; gular crest very distinct in the male,

less so in the female. 10 to 12 femoral pores on each side,

Male green, with a broad reddish-brown vertebral band;

females olive or reddish brown with angular darker cross-bars

on the back; two black lines from the eye to the neck,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 8

114 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on

widening behind, the upper passing above, the lower below

tle ear-opening ; a black longitudinal streak on each side of

the throat.

3 2.

mm. mm,

ote! Menon ae a cing ee 505 520

TTOR SPR SE Oe CSE: Lene eed 31 33

Wadiinof ead-3.% . 92 oe .trt 18 20

Body ghee etaess <¥s aes 104 ery

HOM 10s ek aes 3 wolene te 54 62

Hind jem te rare ae wee 70 78

San Fa ee a ee aes 370 370

Three specimens (male, female, and young) from the

Province Sara, Eastern Bolivia, altitude 750 metres, collected

by Mr. J. Steinbach, and two (females) from Chancamayo,

Eastern Peru, collected by Mr. C. Schunke. The female

from Bolivia laid ten white eggs with parchment-like shell,

regularly elliptical in shape; longitudinal diameter 29 mm.,

transverse diameter 14.

Polychrus acutirostris, Spix, is also represented in

Mr. Steinbach’s collection from the Province Sara.

Liophis opisthotenta.

Eye moderately large ; snout short. Rostral broader than

deep, visible from above, internasals broader than long, shorter

than the preefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds as long as

broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a

little shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long; one

preocular (exceptionally divided) and two postoculars ;

temporals 14+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth

entering the eye; four Jower labials in contact with the

anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the

posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 149-151; anal

divided; subcaudals 64-66. Olive above, bluish grey on

the sides, with or without black and light spots; a black,

light-edged lateral streak along the posterior part of the

body and the tail; upper lip white, edged with a blackish

line above, which may expand into a nuchal spot ; lower

arts white.

Total length 395 mm. ; tail 95.

Two specimens from Merida, Venezuela, 1600 m., from

Sr. Bricefio’s collection.

Atractus melas.

Snout pointed. Rostral small, a little broader than deep,

just visible from above; internasals small, as long as broad ;

preefrontals longer than broad; frontal as long as broad, as

new South-American Reptiles. 115

long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter

than the parietals ; loreal three times as long as deep; no

preocular ; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper

labials, third and fourth entering the eye; a single pair of

large chin-shields, in contact with the symphysial and, on

each side, with four lower labials. Scales in 17 rows.

Ventrals 146; anal entire; subcaudals 25. Uniform black.

Total length 235 mm. ; tail 25.

A single female specimen from Los Mangos, S.W.

Jolombia, altitude 300 m., by Mr. G. Palmer.

Leptognathus schunki.

Body slender, strongly compressed. Hye large. Rostral

broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals about

half as long as the pretrontals ; frontal as long as broad or a

little broader than long, as long as its distance from the end

of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; nasal divided ;

loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than long, bordering

the eye; a preocular above the loreal; two or three post-

oculars ; temporals 1+25 eight or nine upper labials, third,

fourth, and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye;

first lower labial in contact “with its fellow behind the sym-

physial; three pairs of chin-shields, anterior longer than

broad. Scales in 15 rows, vertebrals much enlarged but not

twice as broad as long. Ventrals 177-188; anal entire;

subcaudals 90-102. Black, with whitish irregular annuli,

which may be interrupted on the back and belly; these

annuli may be speckled with black, and the black specks may

become so crowded on the posterior part of the body as to

reduce the white annuli to mere outlines; head black above,

with yellowish spots or dots and a yellowish line across the

snout ; sides of head yellowish, spotted with black; a whitish

band dotted with black across the nape.

Total length 920 mm. ; tail 240.

Three specimens from Chanchamayo, E, Peru, collected by

Mr. C. Schunke.

Apparently closely allied to L. boettgert, Werner, from the

same locality.

Mr. Schunke’s collection from Chanchamayo also contains

a snake agreeing in every respect with Tschudi’s Liophis

teniurus, as figured by Jan. ‘l'his shows that the species

must be referred to the genus Aporophis, as proposed by Cope.

The specimens referred by me to Liophis teniurus in the

‘ British Museum Catalogue of Snakes’ cannot be separated

from L. albiventris, Jan.

116 On Two new Forms of Papilio.

XVII.—Deseriptions of Two new Forms of Papilio in the

Collection of Mr. Grose-Smith. By H. Grosn-SMITH,

B.A., F.ELS., F.Z.8., &e.

Papilio pandoxus.

Male.—Upperside. Black as in P. pandion, Feld., with the

grey rays on the anterior wings towards the apex less pro-

nounced. Posterior wings with a lemon-yellow band in place

of the white band of P. pandion, a lunular mark of blue

scales above the anal angle, and indistinct markings of grey

scales beneath the band between the median nervules.

Underside. Anterior wings as in P. pandion, but the apical

grey rays rather shorter. Posterior wings with band of

markings on the disk as in P. pandion, the upper row of

lunules yellow; a yellow indistinct bar between the first and

second median nervules, about halfway between the band

and the outer margin.

Expanse of wings 54 inches.

Hab. Astrolabe Bay, German New Guinea.

Described from two specimens; in the posterior wings of

the second specimen there are no grey scales beneath the band

on the upperside, and the bar towards the anal angle is

represented by a minute spot of yellow scales.

Parnasstus nivalis.

Male.— Upperside. Anterior wings white, devoid of scales

at the apex and along the outer margin; a broad irregular

grey band from a little beyond the middle of the costal

margin, extending across the wings to a little below the third

median nervule. Posterior wings with a minute grey spot

about the middle of the costal margin, a black spot at the

end of the cell, smaller than in P. nubilosus, Christoph., and

a grey bar across the wings from the second median nervule,

where it is narrow, becoming broader on the first median

nervule and thence to the inner margin; the base and basal

portion of the inner margin densely covered with grey scales,

but not reaching the grey bar. The veins on both wings

across the disk are white, the ends of which towards the cell

and the median nervure are black.

Underside as above, but all the veins are black.

Expanse of wings 2? inches,

Hab. Tsian Shan, Turkestan.

The specimen was a single one among a large number of

P. nubilosus. It appears to be intermediate between

P. mnemosyne, Linn., and P. feldert, Brem.

Ann.&: Mag. Nat.Hist. 8.8.Vob.1.PL.V.

Alex.Patience del.

Jd.Green lith.

4 id 4

‘

Ate

On the Male of Dexamine thea, Boeck. 117

XVIII.—Some Notes concerning the Male of Dexamine thea,

Boeck. By ALEXxaNDER PATIENCE.

Plate V.]

Family Dexaminide.

Genus Drexamine, Leach, 1814.

Dexamine thea, A. Boeck.

1860. Dexamine thea, Boeck, Forhl. ved. de Skand. Naturf., 8 mdde,

p. 658, 2. (1.)

1862. Dexamine tenuicornis (err., non Amphithoé tenuicornis, H.

Rathke, 1843 !), Bate & Westwood, Brit. Sess. Crust. vol. 1. p. 240 f,

2. _(2.)

1870. Dexamine thea, Boeck, Crust. Amphi. bor. et arct. p. 107,

(3.)

1881. Dexamine dolichonyx, Nebeski, Beitrige zur Kenntniss der Am-

phipoden der Adria, p. 35, fig. 40, 5 2. (4)

1885. Dexamine thea, J.S. Schneider, Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der

Amphipoden der arktischen N orwegens, Werte oye a. Ce)

1887. Devamine dolichonyx, Chevreux, Assoc. ’Frang. pour l’avance.

des Sciences, p. 2 (separate copy), 3 2. (6.)

1888. Dexamine dolichonyx, Chevreux, Bull. de la Société d’études

sci. de Paris, 11° année, 1* semestre, p. 8 (separate copy), d 2. (7.)

1888. Dexamine thea, Robertson, Cat. Amphi. & Iso. of Firth of

Clyde, Glasgow Nat. Hist, Soc. p. 34 (separate copy), 2. (8.)

1895, Dexamine thea, Sars, Crustacea of Norway, vol. i. p. 168, fig. 1,

p. 477, 2. (9)

1906. Dewinae thea, T. Scott, Crust. of River Forth & Est., Proc.

Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin. vol. xvi. p. 161, 2. (10.)

1906. Dexamine thea, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda Gamma-

ridea, p. 516, 9. (11.)

Triteta gibbosa (Bate).—The male of this species which

has the hand of the first gnathopod incised on the front

margin, and is in fact very like the same organ in D. thea ¢,

has been regarded by northern authors hitherto erroneously

as the D. dolichonyx of Nebeski. From the following

references it would seem that Mr. Stebbing first fell into

the mistake and has been followed by others. This male of

Triteta gibbosa has been figured by Walker (13) and by

Sars (15).

1888. Triteta yibbosa (Bate), J =dolichonyx, Nebeski, Stebbing,

Rep. Voy. ‘Challenger,’ pp. 50, 941, 945. (12.)

1890. Triteta dolichonyx, A. O. Walker, Report Higher Crustacea of

Liverpool Bay taken in 1889, Trans. Biol, Soc. Liverpool, vol. iv.

p. 249, pl. 16. figs. 4-6, g. (13.)

1892. Tr teeta gibbosa (Bate), 3 as =dolichonyx, Nebeski, Robertson,

2nd Contr. Amphi. & Iso. Fe Firth of Clyde, Glas. Nat. Hist. Soc.

p. 16 (separate copy). (14)

1895, Triteta gibbosa (Baie), g as = dolichonyx, Nebeski, G. O. Sars,

Crust. Norway, vol. i. p. 698, Supp. pl. viii. fig. 1. (15.)

118 Mr. A. Patience on the

1895. Triteta gibbosa (Bate), 3 as = dolichonyx, Nebeski, A. O.

Walker, Rev. Amphi. L. M. B. C. p. 306 (separate copy). (16.)

1906. Triteta gibbosa (Bate), g as = dolichonyx, Nebeski, Stebbing,

Das Tierreich, Amphi. Gam. p. 518. (17.)

1906. Triteta gibbosa (Bate), ¢ as = dolichonyx, Nebeski, Norman &

Scott, Crustacea of Devon & Cornwall, p. 77. (18.)

While examining lately some Amphipoda I had taken in

the Firth of Clyde last summer I came across some speci-

mens of Dexamine thea, Boeck, in which the propodal joint

of the first gnathopods was peculiarly constructed, having

a deep sinus on the upper margin, and in this respect

showing an approach to the structure of the same joint of

the first gnathopods of the male of Triteta gibbosa (Bate),

This peculiarity I found to obtain in the male sex only.

Boeck, in his descriptions of the species (1, 3), makes

no mention of this sexual character, the male evidently not

having come under his observation. Nebeski (4) seems to

have been the first to observe the peculiar formation of the

hand of the first gnathopods in D. thea, but evidently being

unaware of Boeek’s description of this species, he redescribed

it under the name of Devamine dolichonyx, u.s. The Rey.

Thos. R. R. Stebbing (12), having in view the peculiar hand-

formation of the male of Triteta gibbosa, assumed that

Nebeski was in error in referring dolichonyx to the genus

Dexamine, and remarks: ‘“‘The deep narrow cavity in the

back of the hand of the second gnathopod was only found

in the two male specimens, not in the females. A specimen

of this curious species, from the Clyde, sent me by Mr. David

Robertson, of Glasgow, shows in the perzeopods a short hand

and wrist preceded by a very long joint, which is character-

istic of Boeck’s genus Triteta. The species should, I think,

be named Triteta dolichonyx.” Nebeski’s figure, however,

of the extremity of the second pereopod (fig. 40) makes it

clear that he was right in ascribing the species to Dexamine.

Moreover, a reading of the text “das 2., 3. und 4. Segment

des Abdomens am dorsalen Hinterrande in einem spitzen

Zahn ausgezogen,” which Stebbing himself quotes, puts the

matter, I think, beyond doubt. The tooth on the first

segment of the metasome is rarely nearly obsolete, especially

in the male, and this probably accounts for Nebeski having

failed to notice it on that segment.

Mr. Stebbing has as lately as 1906 (17) included “‘Dexamine

dolichonyx, Nebeski,” in his synonymy of Triteta gibbosa

(Bate). |

Mr. A. O. Walker (13) has also erred in this matter. He

records “‘ Triteta dolichonyx, Nebeski,”’ from Puffin Island

and Port rin, Isle of Man (p. 241), and in a note (p. 249),

Male of Dexamine thea, Boeck. 119

under the heading of ‘ Triteta dolichonyx, Nebeski,’ he

states: “I have little doubt that this is the adult male of

T. gibbosa (Bate). Only the males appear to have the

characteristic excavation in the anterior edge of the hand of

the second gnathopods, and both Mr. D. Robertson and

myself have taken them associated with 7. gibbosa.” Again,

he observes in referring to Triteta gibbosa (Bate) (16): “It is

remarkable that the emargination of the propodos of the first

gnathopod in the adult males of this species, which caused

Nebeski to make a distinct species of it (T. dolichonyx)—the

italics are mine,— should have escaped the notice of so many

carcinologists, including even so careful and accurate an

observer as Professor G. O. Sars.” Sars, in describing

D. thea in the first part of his great work (9g), makes no

reference to the male sex; but in his Supplement (15), where

he describes the male of 7. gibbosa (Bate), he evidently

accepts Walker’s view, for he observes: ‘“‘ According to

Mr. Walker, this peculiar sexual character has given rise

to the establishment of a spurious species, viz. 7. dolichonyx

(Nebeski), which is nothing but the male of 7’. gibbosa.”

Both Nebeski and Chevreux have made a rather curious

mistake in observation in ascribing the peculiar formation

of the hand to the second gnathopods, whereas it really

occurs in the first. Nebeski (4) says “ das breite Handglied

des zweiten Gnathopodenpaares beim Mannchen am Ober-

rande tief ausgebuchtet.” Chevreux (6), in recording

D. dolichonyx, Neb., from the coast of France, observes: ‘‘ Le

mle se reconnait immédiatement 4 Véchancrure si carac-

téristique du bord antérieur de la main des pattes de la

seconde paire”’; and again (7) he says: “ Cette forme a peut-

étre été quelquefois confondue avec D. thea, Boeck, dont

elle se rapproche par absence d’une dent au premier article

des antennes supérieures. Les males relativement peu

nombreux se distinguent au premier coup d’ceil de ceux de

Vespéce voisine par l’échancrure si caractéristique du bord

antérieur de la main du deuxiéme gnathopod, échancrure qui

n’existe pas chez les femelles. L’espéce est bien nettement

caractériscée pas les dentelures qui bordent les épiméres des

quatre premieres paires.”

Walker has made a similar mistake in observation (13),

but subsequently (16) he rightly ascribes the peculiar

formation of the hand to the first gnathopods.

Robertson (14) drew attention to Nebeski’s error in this

connection, but, curiously enough, he also regarded Nebeski’s

species as identical with the male of 7’. gibbosa (Bate). He

remarks: ‘‘ The Clyde specimens of 7. giblosa agree with

120 Mr. A. Patience on the

Dexamine dolichonyx, Nebeski, in having the peculiar incision

in the upper or front margin of the hand of one of the

gnathopods, but according to our experience the peculiarity

belongs to the first gnathopods, not to the second to which

Nebeski ascribes it.” 3

Neither Schneider (5) nor Scott (10) makes any reference

to the sexual character of the male here referred to, although

the former has fully described and figured the species.

In endeavouring to clear up this matter I sent males of

D. thea to Professor G. O. Sars, Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing,

and Canon Norman, and enquired whether they were aware

of the peculiarity of the incised gnathopod in that sex, but

it had not been observed by any of them. Professor Sars,

however, having examined his specimens, kindly sent’ me

the two sexes from Norway, and Canon Norman wrote that

on examination he now found the characteristic male in his

collection from several British localities, including the two

extremes Shetland and Jersey, and also among his last

Finmarkian gatherings; and that the male was evidently

the true Dexamine dolichonyzx, as was evident by Nebeski’s

description of the spmes on the metasome and his figure of

the extremity of the second perzeopod ; and therefore those

English authors who have regarded Nebeski’s species as the

male of Triteta gibbosa have been im error. Subsequently

to this he has informed me that in answer to his request

M. Chevreux had sent him specimens of what he had called

D. dolichonyx, and that these also were the males of Triteta

gilbosa. A reading of Chevreux’s text (7), however, in

which he says “ L’espéce est bien nettemeut caractérisée

par les dentelures qui bordent les évimeéres des quatre premieres

paires,’ leads one to the belief that he had then under

examination D. thea, the characters of which he had rightly

appreciated. Thus all referenees to Nebeski up to the

present time, with probably the doubtful exception of

Chevreux’s, have been erroneous.

The two genera here under consideration comprise three

British species: Triteta gibbosa (Bate), Dexamine thea,

Boeck, and D. spinosa (Mont.). The following short

synoptic table may be useful for the discrimination of these

genera and species :—

Persopods 1-5, 4th joint longer than 5th

and @th edunbitied (oo 335202 Fe l. Triteta gibbosa.

Perzopods 1-5, 4th joint shorter than 5th

and 6th combined.—2.

> )Pereopod 5, 2nd joint sublinear.......... 2. Dexamine thea.

“* | Pereopod 5, 2nd joint laminar 3, D. spinosa.

aeovoecaesadr

Male of Dexamine thea, Boeck. 121

Remarks on the Male of D. thea.

The body is much more slender than in the female and

also somewhat more compressed. The eyes are compara-

tively very slightly larger, the pigment being very dark

brown with a lighter coating. Both pairs of antenne are

comparatively more slender and elongated. Antenna l,

flagellum 14—16-jointed. Antenna 2, ultimate joint of

peduncle subequal to penultimate, flagellum slightly longer

than peduncle and 11-12-jointed. The propodos of the first

pair of gnathopoda* is peculiarly modified, having on the

upper margin a somewhat deep sinus. Although somewhat

resembling the propodos of the first pair of gnathopods of

the male of Triteta gibbosa (Bate), yet it appears to differ

in one or two points. The notch in the hand of the last-

named species appears to be deeper, and the upper margin

is not so much rounded as in D. thea, while the disposition

of the setz is somewhat different, and these sete are also

more numerous than in the just-named species. The 3rd to

5th perzopods are of similar construction to those we find in

the female, although they are not so setous, while the

uropoda are not so spinous as in the opposite sex. The

telson is cleft nearly to the base, each half with three lateral

spines, one subdorsal and one on each finely serrated apex.

Colour yellowish, semipellucid, mottled with pink and

orange.

Length 2°5 to 3°5 mm.

The reason why the male had not been previously known

is probably due to the facts: Ist, that the male is always

apparently of smaller size than the female, and thus might

be passed by as younger specimens ; and 2nd, because the

first gnathopod, when not in use, seems to be habitually

tucked away among the mouth-organs and is not visible

without dissection.

It may be interesting to state that I have taken 7. gibbosa

from the outer integument of Ascidia mentula, O. F.M.,

* Robertson (14) has drawn attention to the occurrence of this notch

in the female of Triteta gibbosa (Bate). He states: ‘ Moreover it has

been observed in female specimens, so that probably the unnotched form

of the hand belongs to individuals not adults, unless the species gzbbosa

and dolichonyxz are distinct.” Stebbing (17) observes, “occasionally also

in 9, perhaps a copulatory feature.” In my investigations among the

Clyde Crustacea during the past twelve years, I have come across two

female specimens of this species where the propodos of the first gnatho-

pods had a slight notch only (Pl. V. fig. gv. 1. 2), but the hand was of

the normal structure otherwise, and unlike that of themale. 1 have not

come across this peculiarity in the female of Devamine thea,

122 Mr. O. Thomas on the

from Kames Bay, Loch Fyne, 10/25 fathoms. Walker (12)

also records this species from Puffin Island and Port Erin,

‘‘encysted in the outer integuments of ascidians.”’

Both 7. gibbosa and D. thea are widely distributed through-

out the Clyde sea-area in depths up to 35 fathoms.

While preparing this paper, I have been much indebted

to Canon Norman, F'.R.S., who kindly gave me assistance

and advice and put at my disposal some of the literature on

the subject, which was not otherwise available to myself.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

C. Cephalon and antenne of male of Dexamine thea, Boeck.

gn. 1, d. First gnathopod of male of ditto.

gn. 1*, Part of first gnathopod of male of ditto (greatly enlarged).

gn. 2. 3. Second gnathopod of male of ditto.

gn. 1. 2. Propodal joint of first gnathopod of female of Triteta

gibbosa (Bate), showing abnormal structure.

gn. 1. Tg. Part of first gnathopod of male of 7. gibbosa.

5. 3rd, 4th, and 5th pereeopods of male of Dexamine thea,

Boeck.

ep. 3. 3. 3rd epimeral plate of male of ditto.

up. 8. S. 3rd uropod of male of ditto.

T. Telson of male of ditto.

XIX.—The Species of the Genus Dactylopsila.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

A RENEWED examination of the specimens in the British

Museum hitherto referred to Dactylopsila trivirgata shows

that they may be readily separated into three species by the

coloration of the hands and feet, as indicated in the following

synopsis of the genus :—

A. Fcurth finger rather longer than others.

a. Hands and feet wholly white. (N.W.

New Guinea and neighbouring is-

lands.) \vipaleysseg oeene wee 1. D. trivirgata, Gray.

6. Hands and feet not wholly white.

a, Hands and feet wholly black. (S.E.

MGw Sau en.) oo ek wean a cea 2. D. melampus, sp. n.

b°. Metapodials and toes black, fingers

and a band across ankles white.

(NPIS VOC TS ANON Ety cia s st ce se eu 3, D. picata, sp. n.

B. Fourth finger enormously longer than |

OLHGES WE POR Re BEN CL a ieee se cle doe 4, D. palpator,M.-Edw.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE NEW SPECIES.

Dactylopsila melampus.

General characters as in D.. trivirgata, but in all the

Species of the Genus Dactylopsila. 123

members of this genus there is a certain amount of variation

in the details of the colour-pattern. Cheeks and upper lips

varying, either white in continuation of the white belly-

colour, or black owing to the broadening downwards of the

lateral dark facial stripe. Chin and interramia black, not

divided mesially by a light line. Fore limbs with the dark

band that runs down from the lateral dorsal line continued

on to and including the whole of the hands, though there

may be a few light hairs near the tips of the fingers. Hind

feet similarly black, except that the fine hairs of the hallux

are generally light. ‘Tail with or without a white tip.

Skull apparently quite like that of D. trivirgata, except

that the muzzle is rather broader and stronger, not so sharply

and narrowly pointed.

Dimensions of the type (taken from skin) :—

Head and body 285 mm. ; tail 330; hind foot 45.

Skull: upper length 60; basal length 54; greatest

breadth 41; three anterior molariform teeth 8°9. 3

Hab. South-eastern British New Guinea. Type from

Kokoda, Mambare R., alt. 1000’. Others from Tamata,

Mambare R. (Stalker); Albert Edward Ranges, Central

B.N. G. (Roku), and Owgarra, Angabunga R. (Meek).

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 7.2.1.14. Collected 12th

July, 1906, and presented by C. A. W. Monckton, Esq.

Seven specimens examined.

Dactylopsila picata.

Most like D. melampus in general characters and skull,

but the dark patch on the chin and interramia is smaller, and

the colour of the hands and feet is not so completely black.

On the fore limb the dark band which runs down its front

narrows abruptly on the upper side of the wrist, so as to

leave two white patches on each side of it, then broadens

again so as to cover the metacarpal region, and then comes

to an end, leaving: the upper side of the fingers inconspicu-

ously whitish. On the hind limb a white band passes across

the upper side of the tarsus, separating the black of the leg

from that of the metatarsals, the latter dark patch, however,

continuing on to the upper surface of the toes, the hallux

remaining, as usual, white. ‘Tail white-tipped in both

examples.

Skull apparently as in D. melampus, or the tooth-row a

little longer.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 275 mm. ; tail 820; hind foot 44,

124 Bibliographical Notice.

Skull: upper length 59; greatest breadth 42; length of

three anterior molariform teeth 9°6.

Hab. Cape York, N. Queensland. Type from Port

Albany.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 66. 4.23.1. Collected by

Mr. Coxen. ‘Two specimens examined.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Wild Infe on a Norfolk Estuary. By Arnraur H. Patrerson. Wath

a Prefatory Note by Her Grace the Ducazss or Beprorp.

London: Methuen & Co., 1907. 10s. 6d. net.

Tris latest of Mr. Patterson’s books is most certainly his best.

He has, in fact, provided us with a most delightful series of word-

pictures of scenes and men of bygone times, the likes of which we

shall never see again.

As a storehouse of facts concerning the bird-life of his district,

Mr. Patterson’s book will long be treasured. His remarks are

almost entirely confined to observations on that ornithologists’

paradise, ‘“ Breydon Water ”’—an area, of no inconsiderable size, of

mud-flats and water, bounded on all sides by “‘ ronds,” whereon grow

coarse grass, sanfoin, ‘‘ southern-wood,” and Michaelmas daisies.

It is traversed by the river Yare, so that at high tide it becomes

transformed into a great but shallow lake, and at low water into a

series of more or less extensive mud-islands, whereon, even to-day,

a rich variety of wading-birds and water-birds generally are

constantly to be met with. And of these the author may claim to

possess an almost unique knowledge, for he has haunted this happy

bunting-ground for years. Happily gifted with very considerable

powers of observation, infinite patience, and an innate, unfailing

instinct for selecting the right facts for his chronicles, we may turn

to his pages confident that much that is new will be found therein,

though the facts may not be startling in their novelty.

It has not fallen to the lot of many men during the last thirty

years or so to watch flocks of Avocets and Spoonbills, yet this

Mr. Patterson has done, and in leisurely fashion too, on more than

one occasion, on his beloved Breydon Water. But it is not his

account of the habits of these rarities—though they were onee

common enough here—that will be treasured so much as his

faithful and vivid descriptions of more common frequenters of this

favoured spot.

The author, more than once, deplores the thirst for killing which

possesses the meaner spirits who hunt this water-way. And in

this we join him, especially in regard to the use of that barbarous

Geological Society. 125

and unsportsmanlike weapon, the ‘“punt-gun”: on one occasion,

he remarks, no less than 285 Dunlin and 5 Wigeon fell to one

shot! And this in the name of Sport !!

The illustrations, which are numerous, are drawn by the author

himself, and are really the most admirable and spirited pen-and-ink

sketches which we have seen for a long time. In a word, this

is a book to read and a book to keep. WaPo Evorarr:

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

June 19th, 1907.—Aubrey Strahan, Sc.D., F.R.S., Vice-President,

in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘The Inferior Oolite and Contiguous Deposits of the Bath-

Doulting District.’ By Linsdall Richardson, F.G.S.

In this paper a detailed description is given of the Inferior Oolite

of the country between Doulting and Bath. The beds have been

studied at different localities within the area by several geologists,

_ but in most cases only the actual facts observable were recorded—

there was little or no attempt at correlation. Now it is shown

that there is within the area no Inferior-Oolite deposit of earlier

date than the Upper TZrigonia-Grit—a deposit of Garantiane

hemera. In the hills south of the Avon Valley at Bath, and as

far south as a line drawn east and west through Carnicote, near

Timsbury, this deposit rests upon the Midford Sands. South of

this line, and between it and one similarly orientated about half-

a-mile farther south, it rests upon the local Cephalopod-Bed : here

of greater antiquity than the ‘Sands’ (Midford) ; not younger, as

in the case of the Cotteswold Cephalopod-Bed. South of the latter

line, the Upper T’rigonia-Grit, often conglomeratic, rests upon the

non-arenaceous Liassic deposits, until in the more immediate

neighbourhood of the Mendip Hills it is overstepped by the

Doulting Stone, which rests directly upon the well-planed, bored,

and oyster-strewn surface of the Rhetic White Lias and the Car-

boniferous Limestone. On the south side of the Mendip Hills the

Upper Trigonia-Grit comes in again.

The Fullers’ Earth at Midford, at least the lower part, is of

zigzag hemera. The intervening Inferior Oolite between it and

the Upper Trigonia-Grit may be thus divided, dated, and com-

pared :—

126 Geological Society.

Fallers’:farth?.i!..222.. DU Oe, geen

patty I. Rubbly Beds. :

Coe: ( y RM Clypeus-Grit of the

| = 34 II. Anadacia-Limestones. | ee Mid and North

inferior, S III. Doulting Stone. Cotteswolds.

a =‘ Coralline Beds’

Onsk. IV. Upper Coral-Bed (Truellii) ..... ae of Dandie

V. Dundry Freestone . LSasae eee, .. (Usually ssi

(Non-Sequence) VI. Upper Trigonia- Grit (Garuinceeme

ias.

In one appendix Mr. 8.8. Buckman indicates the deposits in

Dorset equivalent to the above; in another the late Mr. J. F.

Walker and Mr. Richardson deal with the Brachiopoda of the

Fullers’ Earth, naming seven new species; and in a third,

Mr. Richardson describes a new Amberleya and Spirorbis. The

micro-fauna of the Upper Coral-Bed is dealt with by Mr. C. Upton,

who obtained from material furnished him from Midford ‘and -

Timsbury Sleight most of the micro-brachiopoda such as were

found by Charles Moore at Dundry Hill.

2. ‘The Inferior Oolite and Contiguous Deposits of the District

between the Rissingtons and Burford.’ By Linsdall Richardson,

F.G.8.

This paper is Maar with the preceding, because there are

several points of similarity between the two districts described.

Both are near lines of country along which movements of upheaval

were frequent during the time of formation of the Inferior-Oolite

rocks.

In the Bath-Doulting district, above the Upper Prigona-Grit

(which rests upon the Upper lias) over a restricted area is the

Dundry Freestone, and over a greater the Upper Coral-Bed. Then

come the Doulting Beds. The Doulting Beds are equivalent to the

Clypeus-Grit of the district here dealt with : the Rubbly Beds to the

Rubbly Beds, and the Anabacia-Limestones, plus the Doulting Stone,

to the ‘ Massive Beds’ of the Clypeus-Grit. The basal portion of the

Fullers’ Earth in the neighbourhood of Midford is of zigzag hemera.

There is no reason for assigning the thin clay-bed, with its median

band of Ostrea-acuminata Limestone at Great Rissington, to any

other hemera. Whatever is the case elsewhere, there is no deposit

in the Rissington district between the Clypeus-Grit and the

Fullers’ Earth.

3. ‘The Flora of the Inferior Oolite of Brora (Sutherland). By

Miss M. C. Stopes, D.Sc., Ph.D., Lecturer in the Victoria Univer-

sity of Manchester.

This paper is to place on record the discovery of a bed containing

impressions of plants, which represent a flora bearing a strong like-

ness to that of the Inferior Oolite of the Yorkshire coast. Previously,

Miscellaneous. 127

but one species and a second doubtful one were known from these

coal-bearing beds. The bed in which the plants were found was a

thin shale-band cropping out below high-tide level on the coast, about

12 miles south of Brora, According to Prof. Judd’s mapping, this

reef would come within the boundary of the Lower Oolite, although

from the more recent Geological-Survey map it appears to come in

the position of the Middle Oolite. It forms a band 2 or 3 inches

thick in a barren grey shale, and the impressions are fragmentary

except in the case of Ginkgo, some of the leaves of which are

practically perfect and show the veining of the lamina, and in some

cases (after suitable treatment) the minute detail of the epidermis.

Seven species of plants are identified, one of them being new, and

four other species admitting of generic identification; and most of

these species are identical with those obtained from the Inferior

Oolite of Yorkshire. The minute structure of the leaves of Ginkgo

is compared with those of G. biloba, and proves the species to be

quite distinct. The plants found are those of a land-area, probably

with firm ground surrounding pools or shallow water, as indicated

by the fact that Ginkgo and LHquisetites are the two commonest

forms.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Altum’s Squirrel Names. By Gerrir 8. Mirier.

Dr. Ernst Hartert has called my attention to some overlooked

names for squirrels proposed more than thirty years ago by Altum,

in the second edition of the ‘ Forstzoologie.? The technical account

of Sciurus vulgaris occupies pages 73-75 of the volume on mammals,

and, as the typical red German form is considered too well-known

to need special description, is chiefly concerned with a detailed

account of the peculiar varieties or special colour-phases of the

species. Three of these phases occur in Central Germany together

with the red form, while three others are considered as definite

geographical subspecies. All are technically named in a short

table on page 75 :—

(a) [Sciurus vulgaris}, var. fuscoatra, tief castanienbraun [Hayrz,

Schlesien ].

(5) ie 5] » negrescens, die schwiirzlichen in Fichten-

revieren [Schlesien ].

pina”’) [Elsass-Lothringen |].

(d) fan 5, gquadricolor, die ibenhorster Form [Iben-

horst, Ostprussen ].

(e) 7 », etnerea, die westsibirischen, hellgrau mit

réthlicher Riickenmitte [Kasan].

(f) ree | » atrocinerea, die tiefgrauen ostsibirischen

[aussersten Osten].

128 Miscellaneous.

The names fuscoatra, nigrescens, brunnea, greca, and alpina (the

last two cited as a dealer’s catalogue names for specimens of

brunnea) all refer to the common bright red squirrel of Central

Europe, which I described, in the ‘ Annals-and Magazine of Natural

History’ for November 1907, as Sciurus vulgaris rutilans. The

full synonymy of this form, so far as at present known, will be as

follows :—

Sciurus vulgaris fuscoater, Altum.

1804. Sciurus vulgaris, var. cinerea, Hermann, Observ. Zool. p. 65.

Not Sczurus cinereus, Linneus, 1766.

1876. [Sciurus vulgaris] var. fuscoatra, Altum, Forstzoologie, 2nd ed.

Ed. (0.

1876, [Sciurus vulgaris] var. nigrescens, Altum, Forstzoologie, 2nd ed.

LD dD

1876. [Scturus vulgaris] var. brunnea, Altum, Forstzoologie, 2nd ed, ~

i. p. 75.

1876. [Seiwrus vulgaris] greca, Altum, Forstzoologie, 2nd ed. i.

Palo;

1876. [Sciurus vulgaris] alpina, Altum, Forstzoologie, 2nd ed. i. p. 75.

Not Scturus alpinus, ¥. Cuvier, 1842.

1899. Seiurus vulgaris rufus, Barrett-Hamilton, P. Z. 8. p. 5. Not of

Kerr, 1792.

1907. Sciurus vulgaris rutilans, Miller, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 7th ser.

xx. p. 426 (November, 1907).

The name quadricolor is based on a peculiar geographical form,

specimens of which from Poland are in the British Museum

collection. These have been referred by Mr. Barrett-Hamilton to

the Sciurus vulgaris varius of Kerr. It seems probable that the

Polish East Prussian animal may prove to be distinct from true

varius of Northern Scandinavia, in which event Altum’s name would

be available for it.

The name cinerea is antedated by the Scturus cinereus of Linnzeus

and the S. vulgaris cinereus of Hermann. It should be placed in

the synonymy of S. vulgaris argenteus, Kerr.

The status of Altum’s atrocinerea cannot be satisfactorily deter-

mined until the identity of the squirrel whose skins are brought by

the Siberian fur trade from the “‘ most extreme East” is definitely

known. ‘This animal has recently * been referred to Sciurus

vulgaris calotus (Hodgson), in the synonymy of which atrocinerea

may for the present remain.

* Barrett-Hamilton, P. Z. S. 1899, p.6; Allen, Bull. Amer, Mus, Nat,

Hist. xix. p. 184 (March 381, 1903).

Ann.& Mag. Nat. Hist.S.8. Vol. I PU. VI.

Ah.

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The Watford Engraving Co., Sculp

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 2. FEBRUARY 1908.

XX. — Descriptions of Nine Terrestrial Mollusca from

South Africa. By James Cosmo MELVvILL, M.A., F.L.S.,

and JOHN Henry Ponsonsy, F.Z.8. Lneluding Anatomi-

cal Descriptions of Two proposed new Genera (Afrodonta,

M. & P., and Peltatus, G.-A.), by Lt.-Col. H. H.

Gopwin-Austen, F.R.S.

(Plates VII. & VIII]

DuriInG the past year a good many interesting forms of

land-mollusks have been submitted to us by various corre-

spondents, notably Mr. H. C. Burnup, enabling us to offer a

further (the twentieth) paper on this extensive and varied

fauna.

As might, perhaps, have been expected, a few fresh

Ennee have thus come under our notice, and, amongst the

Helicoids, two very extraordinary, though minute species,

both nearly allied, for which it appears necessary to propound

a new genus (A/frodonta). Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen,

F.R.S., with his customary kindness, has examined the

anatomical details and allowed us to incorporate the results of

his investigations in the following pages. The family

Endodontide, to which they both belong, has not, till now,

been known in this region, excepting in the form of the

simple-mouthed Phasis, Albers, and Trachycystis, Pilsbry.

Col. Godwin-Austen has likewise requested us to include

in this paper his description of Peltatus, gen. nov., proposed

for “ Helix” hudsonie, Benson*, a not uncommon, but

variable mollusk, with peculiar anatomical organization f.

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. xiii. (1864) p. 493.

+ Op. cit. ser. 6, vol. vi. (1890) p. 467.

Ann. & Mag. N. List. Ser. 8. Vol. i. )

130 Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby on

Ennea darglensis, sp.n. (PI. VIL. fig. 1.)

E. testa parva, rimata, obtusa, cylindrica, pellucida, alba, delicata ;

anfractibus ad 6, quorum tres apicales fere leves, ceteris longi-

tudinaliter suboblique tenuistriatis, ad suturas impressis, ventri-

cosulis ; apertura ovata, fere clausa; peristomate incrassato, albo,

nitido, quatuor plicis dentibusve predito ; plica parietali promi-

nula, acuta, dente labiali bifido, incrassato, basali obtuso ; plica

columellari sinuosa, duplice, multum intrante.

Alt. 2°55, diam. 1:20 mm.

Hab. Dargie, also Richmond, Natal (Burnup).

Framed upon a smaller scale than the variable £. asa-

pingoensis, Sturany, which in some points it resembles. The

columellar plait is, however, more prominent and remarkably

sinuous, rectangularly projecting below the front margin,

and the labial tooth more decidedly bifid. ‘The measurements

of E. tstpingoensis average over 3:00 mm. in altitude.

Ennea kosiensis, sp. n. (PI. VII. fig. 2.)

E. testa cylindrica, breviter rimata, pellucida, levissima ; anfractibus

7, quorum apicalis obtusus, ceteris apud suturas impressis,

ventricosulis, omnino levibus ; apertura ovata; peristomate albo,

nitido, dentibus plicisve 4-5 munito; plica parietali acinaciformi,

magna, acuta, intrante ; dentibus labialibus 2, interdum connexis,

interdum separatis, acutis, quorum superior major, dente basali

acuto ; plica columellari ommino interna, mammeeformi.

Alt. 5, diam. 2 mm,

Hab. Kosi Bay, Zululand (Burnup).

A very pleasing little species, smooth, as is the charac-

teristic of so many Zululand species, and allied to Z. obovata,

Pfr., from Natal, from which it differs in some peristomatal

details.

Ennea vitreola, sp.n. (PI. VII. fig. 8.)

E. testa perminuta, translucida, nitida, tenui, obtuso-ovata ;

anfractibus 54, deplanatis, haud multum ad suturas impressis,

infra, juxta suturas, delicatissime at breviter striatulis, striis

mox evanidis, aliter undique levissimis ; apertura parva, ovato-

sinuata; peristomate albo, nitido, quatuor dentibus plicisve

munito ; plica parietali prominula, magna, intrante ; dente labiali

bifido, intus marginem extenso, basali obtuso ; plica collumellari

conspicua, multum intrante.

Alt. 1:87, diam. 0°94 mm.

Hab. Hilton Road, Natal, December 1905 (Burnup).

A particularly minute Hnnea, with a peculiarity of form

that renders it at once recognizable. It is completely

Mollusca from South Africa. 131

smooth and shining, save for a slight sutural rim of fine

stri, which soon disappears. For the size of the shell, the

peristomatal processes are unusually well developed.

* % * ¥ %

On Peltatus, gen. nov. Zonitidarum: Type P. hudsoni@

(Benson). By Lt.-Col. H. H. Gopwin-Austen, F.R.S.

I have very recently received for examination from

Mr. John Ponsonby a single minute South-African shell,

preserved in spirit, and my best thanks are due to him, for it is

an interesting little endodontine form. ‘This has led me to

turn again to another larger South-African species he was

good enough to send me, [ am sorry to say, now many years

back. The animals were not in the very best state for

dissection, but I made some drawings in the hope of getting

better material at some time or other. The shells and slides

were put on one side—in truth, I had been puzzled to know

in what genus to locate it. I now find, after reference to

Mr. John Ponsonby, that in ‘The Check-list of Non-

Marine Mollusca of South Africa’ it is placed in the genus

Helicarion, but it cannot be retained there, and had best be

separated under the generic name of Peltatus, G.-A.

Peltatus hudsonice (Benson).

Locality. Neighbourhood of Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony.

Three specimens (Mr. John Ponsonby).

Shell (Pl. VIII. fig. 1) globose, not umbilicated, thin,

rather glassy surface, smooth, crossed by transverse lines of

growth ; no longitudinal striation under high power. Colour

pale horny ; spire depressedly conoid ; apex blunt; suture

moderately impressed. Whorls 4, the last much expanded ;

aperture semioval, oblique; peristome simple, thin; colu-

mellar margin vertical, neither thickened nor reflected.

Size: major diam. 13, minor 12, alt.axis 7 mm. Largest

specimen 15 mm. in major diameter.

Animal. Has a mucous pore at the extremity of the foot,

with a long overhanging pointed lobe. The right neck-lobe

is small, the left narrow in front, widening behind; there is

a small tongue-shaped right shell-lobe on the body-side of

the aperture, and a small left shell-lobe which in the living

animal evidently extends back over the outer margin of the

peristome.

The genitalia (Pl. VIII. fig. 1 a).—The penis has a long

tapering kale-sac close to the junction of the vas deferens;

132 Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby on

it is bent on itself as extracted and mounted, and contained a

spermatophore (fig. 10) in a nearly complete stage of formation.

The spermatheca is rather short with a globular termination.

There is no amatorial organ. The oviduct is of large tube-

like form, with a covering very dark in colour, which, under

high power, has a granulate appearance. ‘The spermatophore

is very interesting ; it consists of a large sac or capsule set

on one side with rows, at intervals, of short blunt projections,

which possibly mature into sharp spines, as in other species.

I show a row of these spinules much enlarged (fig. 1c).

Towards the distal end of the kalc-sac the capsule decreases

in diameter and merges into a long tube filling the kale-

sac (k) up to the extreme end. It may be compared with the

spermatophore of Ariophanta (Xestina) tranquebarica, Fabr.

(Moll. Ind. ii. p. 135, pl. xciv. figs. 5-5 e), also to that of

Euplecta binoyaensis, G.-A. (pl. xevil. figs. 1b, 1 ¢).

In the radula (fig. 1d) the centre and admedian teeth are

on narrow plates, both have outer basal cusps; the laterals

are bicuspid, the inner points the longest, many of these are

seen to have serrated edges below the outer points. The

formula is 30... 17, Py 17 Boor 02, Ie a2:

Jaw (fig. 1 e) is concave on the cutting-edge, without any

central projection. This radula is quite characteristic of the

family Zonitide. Comparing the animal with those of

other genera, I was led at first, by the presence of shell-lobes

and general form of the teeth of the radula, to consign this

species to the Macrochlamyine, but recent and closer exami-

nation of the generative organs shows that these differ much

from what characterizes that subfamily—in fact, they are

distinct from any I have seen hitherto,

In three characters certainly, perhaps four—viz.: (1) the

radula, which has the same formula as Xestina; (2) the

short, small spermatheca; (3) the spermatophore ; (4) the

presence of a straight cecum of the retractor muscle of the

penis (notsatisfactorily seen, vide dotted part (7.m.p.) fi g.1la),—

this species approaches the form of similar parts in the sub-

family Ariophantine. The absence of the amatorial organ is

opposed to this. Ihave never found this organ absent in

any of the Indian species of the subfamily. However, I can

point to dissimilarity of a like kind occurring in species of the

Macrochlamyinee—tor instance, in Macrochlamys splendens,

prona, cacharica, and kala. ‘lhe most important character is

the form of the oviduct and the junction of the vas deferens

near where the albumen-gland would be situated. This

would indicate an ovoviviparous habit of the animal not met

with in any genus of the above-mentioned subfamilies. The

Mollusca from South Africa. 133

habit occurs in some genera of the Zonitidee—such as

Microcystis, in myops and ambe for instance,—and in a dry

climate such as South Africa it would very likely be brought

about. |

Although dealing with a single specimen, scanty and poor

material to go by, there is enough to show it cannot remain

in Helicarion. ‘The characters now described will be suffi-

cient to indicate it, and we must wait for further material to

clear up the doubtful points and what local forms in South

Africa approach it.

* ® % % *

Helicarion vitalis, sp.n. (Pl. VII. fig. 4.)

H, testa pertenui, vitrea, vivide ochracea, rimata, globoso-conica ;

anfractibus 44, apice ipso obtuso, ceteris ad suturas impressis,

ultimo rapide accrescente; apertura rotundo-lunari; peristomate

papyraceo, tenuissimo, apud regionem umbilicarem paullum

incrassato et reflexo.

Alt. 12, diam. 15 mm.

Hab. Port Shepstone, Natal (Burnup).

A very beautiful globose, transparent shell, tinted with

pale ochre, which seems distinct from all the species hitherto

enumerated from this region.

Kaliella euconuloides, sp.n. (Pl. VII. figs. 5, 5a, 56.)

K. testa parva, anguste perforata, delicata, pellucida, cornea,

nitida, conica; anfractibus ad 6, apicalibus obtusis, ceteris

ventricosulis, ultimo apud peripheriam subangulato, basi convexa ;

apertura anguste lunari, peristomate tenul.

Alt. 2°19, diam. 2°57 mm.

Hlab. Dargle, Natal (H. C. Burnup).

A shining, smooth, horny, and glassy species, with very

small and narrowly perforated umbilicus, base convex and

brilliantly glossy ; the last whorl subangled at the periphery.

Some resemblance to Huconulus fulvus, Drap., a European

and British species, exists; but the general form approxi-

mates rather to Kaliella than Huconulus, conchologically

speaking only, the animal not having yet been examined,

though we hope shortly to be able to do so.

AFRODONTA, genus novum Endodontidarum.

Testa parva, cornea, tenuis, late et profunde umbilicata, depresso-

conica, vel planorbula; anfractus 4-5, apud suturas impressi,

ventricosi; apertura lunaris, fauce bi- vel trilamellata, lamella

134 Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby on

vel plica altera marginem ad medium columellarem, altera

basaliter, tertia (in un specie) plica crassiuseula, extensa, interna,

pone labium contra aperturam extensa.

Afrodonta bilamellaris, sp.n- (Pl. VII. fig. 6.)

A, testa uti supra, conico-depressa, tenui, cornea, profunde umbili-

cata, microscopice longitudinaliter striatula; anfractibus 5,

ventricosulis, angustis; apertura lunari, peristomate tenui, bi-

lamellata, lamella vel plica altera marginem apud columellarem

in medio valde intrantem, altera basali, eonspicua,. dentiformi.

Alt. 0°84, diam. 1:48 mm,

Hab. Dargle, Natal; Edendale Falls, June 29, 1907

(H. C. Burnup).

Afrodonta trilamellaris, sp.n. (Pl. VII. figs. 7, 7a, 7d.)

A. testa charact. uti supra, minuta, cornea, late umbilicata, plan-

orbula ; anfractibus 44, ventricosulis, undique microseopice longi-

tudinaliter tenuistriatis; apertura lunari; peristomate tenui, tribus

lamellis plicisve preedito, altera obscura ad basin, interdum

imerassata, extensa, interdum dentiformi, altera collumellarem

apud marginem medium, longe intrante, tertia interna, incrassata,

contra aperturam extensa.

Alt. 0°80, diam. 1°39 mm.

Hab. Dargie, Natal, January 1907 (71. C. Burnup).

Two of the most noteworthy discoveries in the South-

African molluscan fauna made during recent years, and

both due to Mr, Burnup, who is much, on this account, to be

congratulated. Both species are, conchologically, very nearly

allied, differing only slightly in form and arrangement of

whorl. The chief distinction lies in the second species

described possessing an extra lamella or peristomatal appen-

dage, internal, extending a little distance behind the outer

lip, while the basal tooth-like plait is not always distinct (as

seems to be the case in A. dilamellaris), though Mr. Burnup,

who has examined many specimens, is convinced the three

lamellae are always present, though not always equally

developed in individual specimens.

As already mentioned in our prefatory remarks, the new

genus it has been considered necessary to establish will find

a place among the Endodontide, a family of Helicoids abun-

dant in many parts of the world, but hitherto not known to

occur in South Africa, excepting in the form of the some-

what solid xercophilous Phasis, Menke, to which the delicate,

horny, simple-mouthed Tvrachycystis, Pilsbry, is at present

considered subgeneric *. We may mention that we recently

* Man. Conch. ix. p. 37.

Mollusca from South Africa. 135

described under this latter name, as T'r. rotula, a very minute

species, remarkable for a broad spiral groove on the centre

of the body-whorl. This merits more study, and, though

not, probably, an A/frodonta, it may have to be removed from

Trachycystis.

Notes on the Anatomy of A/frodonta, M. & P.: Type A. b:-

lamellaris, M. & P. By Lt.-Col. H. H. Gopwin-Austen,

F.R.S. (Pl. VIII. figs. 2-2 c.)

Locality. Edendale Falls, South Africa.

Animal. The foot of the animal showed no detail on its

surface ; the extremity was not very pointed, but no gland

could be made out; there was indication of a peripodial

groove close to the edge of the foot. ‘The radula was

got out complete; it is 0°43 mm. in length, long and

narrow. ‘The central teeth are all of the same form and size,

on quadrangular plates, a central oblong cusp with small

cusps at the base on either side; the lateral teeth are on

narrow oblong plates, with irregular minute cusps, but they

are so small it was very difficult to see much of their shape.

The formula is 7.9.1.9.7 or 16.1.16,in 85 rows. The

jaw was indistinct, and composed of narrow plates set side by

side. ‘The two otoliths were observed, touching each other.

The form of the jaw and teeth of the radula recall those of

genera of the Endodontine.

Trachycystis ordinaria, sp.n. (PI. VII. figs. 8, Sa, 80.)

7’. testa parva, ovato-conica, profunde et anguste umbilicata,

rufo-cornea, undique periostraco tenui vestita; anfractibus 44,

apicali nitido, levi, obtuso, ceteris ad suturas impressis, undique

tenuissime longitudinaliter obliquistriatis ; apertura ovato-lunari,

peristomate tenui, marginem apud collumellarem triangulatim

paullum extenso.

Alt. 2, diam. 3:05 mm.

Hab. Potchefstroom, Transvaal, Nov. 24, 1906 (Miss

Livingston). |

Only a third of the size of 7. simplex *, M. & P., but

agreeing with it in some details.

Trachycystis rutilans, sp.n. (PI. VII. figs. 9, 9a, 9d.)

7’. testa conico-depressa, parva, late et profunde umbilicata,

omnino corneo-rutilante ; anfractibus 43, apice ipso mamillato,

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol, xii. (1903) p. 604, pl. xxxii.

fig. 7

5°

136 On Mollusca from South Africa.

obtuso, ceteris multum ad suturas impressis,. tumidulis, irregu-

lariter sed arcte liratis; apertura ovata, peristomate tenui.

Alt. 1:53, diam. 2°65 mm.

Hab. Alexandra Park, Maritzburg, Natal, November 1906

(H. OC. Burnup).

A small species, with uniform corneous epidermis with

decidedly ruddy tinge, closely longitudinally lrate, the lire

somewhat irregular. Allied to 7. ordinaria. (described in

this paper), T° liricostata, laticostata, &c., and also possessing

some affinity to J. paula, M. & P., described in January

1907%*, from Johannesburg. From all of these, however, it

can be differentiated very easily.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PuatE VII.

ig. 1. Ennea darglensis.

Fig. 2. kostensis..

fig. 3. vitreola.

Fug. 4. Helicarion vitals.

figs. 5, 5 a,56. Kalvella euconuloides.

Fig. 6. Afrodonta bilamellaris.

Figs. 7, 7a, 7b. Afrodonta truamellaris.

Figs. 8, 8a, 8b. Trachycystis ordinaria.

Figs. 9,9 a, 9 b. rutilans.

Puats VIII.

Peltatus hudsonie (Bens.).

Fig. }. Shell. x 14.

Fig..1 a, Genitalia. x 3°7.

Fg. 1b. The kalc-sac, with spermatophore forming within it. x 11.

Fig. 1c. Spinules, immature? x 53,

ig. 1d. Teeth of the radula. x 3840.

Fig. le. Jaw. X 8-4.

alg, albumen-gland, position of; ep, epiphallus; crp, cecum of

the retractor penis; k, kalc-sac; ov, oviduct; », penis; rmp, re-

tractor musele of penis; sp, spermatheca; vd, vas deferens,

Afrodonta bilamellaris, M. & P.

Fig. 2. Shell, x 1:7; basal side, x 10.

Fig. 2a. Shell from above with animal, drawn before it was broken to

extract its radula.

Fig. 2 6, Teeth of the radula. x about 1000.

Fug.2¢. Jaw. xX 167.

ania & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xix. (1907) p. 99, pl. vi.

fig. LI.

On Mammals from the Batu Islands. 137

XXI.— On a Collection of Mammals from the Batu Islands,

west of Sumatra. By Marcus W. Lyon, Jun., United

States National Museum.

I HAVE been asked by the authorities of the British Museum

to work out and compare with the specimens obtained by

Dr. Abbott a small series of mammals from the Batu Islands,

which had been collected by Mr. Kannengieter and purchased

by that Institution.

Dr. Abbott’s specimens from the islands were described

by Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, and most of the Kannengieter

examples are referable to forms named by him. There is,

however, among them a new species of flying-lemur.

Scturus ectericus, Miller.

The adult female from Tana Massa and the adult male

simply marked “ Batu Islands” differ in no respects from

the original series of Sccurus ictericus, Miller (Smithsonian

Miscell. Coll. xlv. p. 12, November 6, 1903), the type of

which came from T'ana Bala.

Ratufa piniensis, Miller.

The two brown giant squirrels from Pulo Pini (or Pinie)

are typical of atufa piniensis, Miller (Smithsonian Miscell.

Coll. xlv. p. 8, November 6, 1908).

Ratufa masse, Miller.

_ The pair of brown giant squirrels from Tana Massa are

typical of Ratufa masse, Miller (Smithsonian Miscell. Coll.

xlvy. p. 7, November 6, 1903).

Ratufa palliata, Miller.

The three specimens from Tana Massa are not quite

typical, but too close to be separated satisfactorily. ‘The

hind feet (with claws 76-81 mm.) average somewhat smaller

than they do in R, palliata (see table of measurements, Lyon,

Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxii. p, 445, May 23, 1907), 80-90 mm.,

but have about the same size as they do in R, lenata, Miller

(Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 450, February 3, 1903),

* 72-79 mm. The skulls of the three Tana Massa specimens

are a trifle shorter as to total length than skulls of similar

age from Sumatra. The arrangement of the nasals and the

premaxille is not different from that found in Ratufa palliata.

138 Mr. M. W. Lyon, Jun., on

Petaurista batuana, Miller.

The three flying-squirrels, one from Pulo Pini and two

from Tana Massa, I have identified as Petaurista batuana,

Miller (Smithsonian Miscell. Coll. xlv. p. 27, November 6,

1903). There are probably two colour-phases in this species.

The original series, seven from ‘’ana Bala and one from

Tana Massa, are all of a ferruginous colour, while the three

Kannengieter specimens are almost seal-brown in colour,

similar to specimens in the U.S. National Museum from Java.

I can detect no differences between the skulls of individuals

from the various islands of the Batu group. The original

series was collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in February, and

they are evidently in an unworn pelage. No date appears on

the Kannengieter labels, but the skins are evidently in an old

pelage with a new and darker one coming in in places. The

old pelage, while distinctly redder than the new, in no sense

approaches the bright and ferruginous tints in Dr. Abbott’s

series of Petaurista batuana.

? Arctogalidia enornata, Miller.

No. 7. 6.18. 7, a young male from Pulo Pini, probably

represents a new species of Arctogalidia. The specimen is

too young to determine definitely its characters and relations.

In point of colour it is very similar to an adult female para-

type of Arctogalidia tnornata, Miller (Proc. Washington

Acad. Sci. 11. p. 131, March 26, 1901), from the Natuna

Islands (Bunguran), Cat. no. 104860 U.S. N. M. It differs

mainly in being less tawny along the sides of neck, in having

darker ears and feet, and in the possession of three stripes on

the lower back. Although these stripes are absent on the

adult female Natuna Arctogalidia, they are present on a very

young specimen from the Natunas.

Tupaia cervicalis, Miller.

The tree-shrew from Tana Massa may be referred to

Tupaia cervicalis, Miller (Smithsonian Miscell. Coll. xlv.

p. 59, November 6, 1903), although it is not typical. The

light colours of the neck are not so pronounced as in the type,

nor do they extend so far back posteriorly. ‘The sharply

defined black area of the back, as well as all other points of

coloration, are practically the same in the type and the

Kannengieter specimen. The skulls of the two specimens are

indistinguishable from each other. ‘Were it not that a name

has already been given to the tree-shrew from the Batu

Mammals from tne Batu Islands. 139

Islands, I would hesitate to separate the Tana Massa specimen

from Tupaia tana.

Cynocephalus tellonis, sp. n.

Type.—Skin and skull of adult female, no, 7. 6. 18. 2,

British Museum, Kannengieter Collection, collected on

Pulo Tello, Batu Islands, west coast of Sumatra.

Diagnostic characters—A mediun-sized flying-lemur, very

similar to Cynocephalus tuéncus (Miller) (Smithsonian

Miscell, Coll. xlv. p. 53, November 6, 1903) of the Banjak

Islands, north-west coast of Sumatra, but with the nasals

more pinched up into a ridge on the rostrum and with the

squamosal root of the zygoma deeper.

Colour—The colour of the type and of a paratype, Cat.

no. 7. 6. 18. 3, Brit. Mus., differs in no essential respects

from that of flying-lemurs, in the grey pelage phase, from

the Malay Peninsula. The skin ofa male, Cat. no. 7. 6.18. 4

Brit. Mus., is very dark and shows no essential differences in

colour from a paratype, Cat. no. 114376 U.S. N. M., an

adult male, of Cynocephalus tuancus (Miller) from the Banjak

Islands. A young male, Reg. no. 7. 6. 18.5 Brit. Mus., is

almost uniformly cinnamon-rufous, very hght on the under-

parts, darker about the fore limbs, antebrachial membrane,

and head ; the usual white flecks are found on the feet and

legs and a few on the back.

Skull and teeth—The skull and teeth of Cynocephalus

tellonis are very similar to those of C. tuancus, the chief

difference being that the new form has slightly larger teeth,

nasals more pinched up into a ridge on top of rostrum,

squamosal root of zygoma much deeper, 6-7 mm. instead of

4mm.in C, tuancus. ‘The mastoid inflation is much less in

the Batu animal than in the Banjak specimen. The tem-

poral ridges in the three Tello skulls are much more closely

approximated than they are in the single adult skull from

Pulo ‘Tuangku, although the latter skull, as judged by the

teeth, is the oldest. There is practically no difference in size

between the skulls of the two sexes in C. tellonds, the two

females measuring, greatest length, 70 and 69°3 mm., and

the male 67 mm.

Measurements.— The three adults give the following

measurements respectively (7. 6. 18. 2, female, type ;

7.6.18. 3, female; and 7. 6.18.4, male) :—Hind foot

(measured from dried skin) 67, 66, 62 mm.; greatest length

of skull 69°3, 70, 67; zygomatic breadth 44°5, 42°6 (!), 44°5 ;

palatal length 82, 31°8, 32°4; width of rostrum at premaxillo-

140 Mr. C. J. Gahan on

maxillary suture 19°5, 20, 19°5; interorbital constriction

18:5, 18, 18°2 ; breadth of brain-case above roots of zygo-

mata 24°6, 24°6, 24:3; mastoid breadth 29°9, 29:4, 29°8 ;

upper tooth-row (all teeth) 34°3, 33°9, 33.

Specimens examined.—F our, three adults and one young,

all trom Pulo Tello.

Remarks.—The small size of Cynocephalus tellonis at once

serves to distinguish it from its geographical ally, C. saturatus

(Miller) (Smithsonian Miscell. Coll. xlv. p. 51, November 6,

1903), from Tana Bala and Pulo Pinie of the Batu Islands,

of which it is a diminutive and lighter-coloured form. Its

close resemblance to C. twancus is probably fortuitous and

does not indicate a phylogenetic relationship.

X XI1.—Notes on North-American Longicornia, with Descrip-

tions of some new Species. By C. J. GAHAN, M.A.

AMONG the better known of the North-American Longicornia

are two species of Clytini, one of which is very injurious to

the locust-tree (Robinia pseudacacia) and the other just as

destructive to the hickory (Carya alba &c.). In reference to

the second of these species, Packard, in his ‘ Forest Insects’

(Fifth Report of the United States Entomological Com-

mission, 1890), writes: —‘‘Of the 170 species of insects

which live at the expense of the hickory, the most annoying

and common borer is the Cyllene picta, or common hickory

borer.” This species has, however, been wrongly identified

by American entomologists as the Leptura pictus of Drury.

It is described below as a new species under the name of

Cyllene carye. For many years Leptura pictus, Drury, was

correctly regarded as a synonym of Leptura robinie, Forst.

It was only when the hickory borer was discovered to be a

distinct species from the locust-tree borer (Cyllene robinie)

and a separate name was required for it that it began to be

known as Cyllene picta, Drury. How the mistake arose of

giving it this name is difficult to understand, because Drury’s

figure and description are clearly those of the species pre-

viously described by Forster (the latter, in fact, quotes

Drury’s figure), and Drury distinctly states that he ‘ received

it from New York, where they are found on the locust-tree.”’

The synonymy of Cyllene robinie, the locust-tree borer, is

as follows :—

North-American Longicornia. 141

Cyllene robinie, Forst.

Leptura robinie, Forst. Nov. Sp. Insect. p. 48 (1771). i

Leptura pictus, Drury, Dlust. Ex. Insects, i. p. 91, pl. xli. fig. 2; i.

Index (1773).

Callhidium flecuosum, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 191 (1775).

Callidium angulatum, Fab. Syst. Ent. p. 192, which was

added to the above synonymy by Olivier (Encycl. Méth. v.

p. 262), may or may not be identical with C. robime; but I

have satisfied myself that it is not the species which I now

describe.

Cyllene carye, sp. n.

=Cyllene picta, Horn (nec Drury), Tr. Amer. Ent. Soe. viii. p. 134.

= Clytus pictus, Packard, Guide to the Study of Insects, p. 497, fig. 485 ;

id. Forest Insects, p. 287, fig. 112.

Dark brown above, marked with pale yellow or yellowish-

white pubescent bands—two on the head, four on the pro-

thorax, and seven on the elytra; the first thoracic band

placed at the anterior border and very narrow ; the first and

second elytral bands almost directly transverse, the third

W-shaped, the fourth and fifth angulated and interrupted,

the sixth consisting of a rather strongly arcuated band on

each elytron, the seventh forming a border to the apex;

body beneath banded with yellowish pubescence; metatho-

racic episterna marked each with two yellow spots, the

interval between which is of a dark brown colour and as wide

as or wider than either of the spots; legs reddish; antennz

dark brown, sometimes more or less reddish in parts.

dg. Antenne rather thick, extending past the apex of the

elytra ; third to sixth joints subdentate posteriorly at the

apex ; pronotum with a small punctate area on each side

rather close to the anterior border; sides of prothorax very

finely and densely punctate.

?. Antenne extending to the middle of the elytra, not

quite so thick as in the male.

Length 10-22, breadth 3-7 mm.

Hab. N. America.

Although apparently very common in the United States

and Canada, this species is not well represented by North-

American specimens in the British Museum collection, and

I am at present unable to study the whole extent of its varia-

tion. I have selected two specimens ( ¢& 2?) from Virginia

as types of the species, and the following variations from the

type occur :-—

[a2 Mr. ©. J. Gahan on

Var. a.—The pubescent bands of an ashy white instead of

a yellow colour. Pronotum of g marked anteriorly with a

small punctate area on each side of the middle line in addition

to the lateral punctate areas.

Hab. Texas.

Var. 8.—Pubescent bands ashy white or pale yellow in

colour. Pronotum of ¢ marked anteriorly with a median

subrotundate punctate area, which is joined by means of a

transverse punctate band with each of the lateral punctate

areas.

Hab. Mexico: Villa Lerdo, Durango ( Héze).

From C. robinie, Forst., which they greatly resemble in

markings, C. carye and its varieties may be distinguished —

by the thicker, longer, and usually darker-coloured antenne,

by the two widely separated yellowish or whitish spots on

each of the metathoracic episterna, the limitation of the sexual

puncturation of the male pronotum to the anterior part, and

in having the intercoxal ‘process of the prosternum nearly

parallel-sided.

In C. robinee the antennz are generally reddish brown in

colour, somewhat slender, as a rule distinctly shorter (never

longer) than the body in the male; the yellow pubescence

forms an almost continuous band on each of the metathoracic

episterna, when it is broken up into two spots the interval

between the spots is always narrow; the intercoxal process

of the prosternum widens out posteriorly, its sides being

curved instead of almost parallel. The sexual puncturation

of the pronotum of the male is much more extensive than in

C. carye; it covers the greater part of each side, forms

an anterior transverse band, and two bands running back-

wards on the disk diverging a little behind and dilating each

into an oval or rounded spot between the middle and the

hase ; it is similar in character to that occurring in the

North-American species C. decora, Oliv., and the Brazilian

C’. mellyz, Chevr.

Obrium rufulum (Dej. Cat.), sp. n.

= Obrium rubrum, Leng (nec Newm.), Enéom. Americana, ii. p. 28

(1886), i. pl. iii, fig. 6.

Entirely rufo-testaceous in colour. Hyes large, coarsely

facetted, emarginate. Prothorax moderately densely punc-

tate, obtusely tuberculate at the middle of each side. Elytra

strongly and densely punctured, the punctures less strong

North-American Longicornia. 143

and less dense on the apical fourth part. Metathoracic

episterna marked each with a deep longitudinal groove.

Length, ¢, 6-65 mm.

Hab. North America.

The Obrium rubrum of Newman (Entom. Mag. v. p. 393,

1838), with which the above species had been identified by

Leng, does not belong to the genus Obrium, but must be

placed in the genus Batyle as a synonym of B, suturalis,

Say, Journ. Acad. Phil. ii. p. 411 (1823).

Leptura zebra, Oliv., which is placed in the genus Leptura

in Henshaw’s ‘ List of North-American Coleoptera,’ should

be transferred to the genus Typocerus, Lec., to take the place

of the name cebratus, Fab.

Leconte (‘New Species of North-American Coleoptera,’

pt. ii. p. 214) gave the synonymy of this species correctly,

but unfortunately placed the names in the wrong order of

priority. The right order is as follows :—

Typocerus zebra, Oliv.

Leptura zebra, Oliv. Entom. iv. no. 73, p. 19, pl. iii. fig. 33 (1795). |

Leptura zebratus, Fab. Syst. El. i. p. 864 (1801), .

Leptura carolina, Weber, Observ. Entom. p. 91 (1801).

The genus Methia, Newm., together with three other

genera—Idemea, Horn, Stylowus, Lec., and Dysphaga, Lec.

—constitute the tribe Methiini in the classification of the

Coleoptera of North America given by Leconte and Horn ;

and in reference to it the authors write :—“ This tribe con-

tains the lowest organized of the Lamiide; undifferentiated

forms, which exhibit strong relationship to Gime and its allies

among the Cerambycide.” This view as to the position of

the Methiini, although it received the sanction of Thomson

and Lacordaire, is, in my opinion, an untenable one; and I

think it well to repeat here my concurrence with the view of

Professor Lameere, as thus expressed :—‘‘ Quant aux

Lamiides, ils forment une unité systématique parfaite, si l’on

en retire les Auxésides et les Méthiides qui n’ont rien de

commun avec eux’”’ (‘‘ Htude sur la Phylogénie des Longi-

cornes,” Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xlv. p. 315, 1901). The

African Auxesides and the American Methiides, as I have

already pointed out (Distant’s ‘Insecta Transvaaliensia,’

pt. v. p. 108, 1904), agree completely with the Cerambycid

group Cimini, and ought to be incorporated in that group.

They are quite out of place in the Lamiide, and I can find

no reason for regarding them as transitional groups between

144 On North-American Longicornia.

the Cerambycids and the Lamiide. Equally erroneous, in

my opinion, is the view expressed by Leconte and Horn that

the Clytini show an affinity with the Lamtiide. ‘There is a

resemblance between some Clytini and certain genera of

Lamiide, but this is purely the result of convergence of

characters and has nothing to do with affinity. ‘he verti-

cality of the front of the head, which is so prominent a

feature of the Lamiide, is frequently seen amongst the

Cerambycide, but it will be found in the latter that the

insertion of the mandibles differs from that of the Lamiidee

in being oblique instead of horizontal. ‘This is readily seen

by noting the lower margin of the gena, which is in nearly

all cases strongly oblique in the Cerambycide and forms a

more or less acute angle behind the base of the mandible.

So far as I have been able to discover, there is no existing

group of Longicorns that can satisfactorily be regarded as

transitional between the Cerambycidee and the Lamide. At

what point the Lamude have emerged, and how exactly

related to other Longicorns, are questions still awaiting

solution. In this connexion I should like to call attention to

the very suggestive characters presented by the North-

American genus Atimzu, Hald. This genus has a strongly

marked Lamiide facies, but, on the other hand, its characters

are such that Leconte and Horn unhesitatingly placed it in

the Cerambycidz, in juxtaposition with their Lepturoid series

of that family. ‘Their view of its position I find confirmed

by an examination of its wing-venation. ‘This is of an

essentially Lepturine type, very much resembling that of

Oxymirus, Toxotus, and Khagium. In opposition to the

views of my friend Prof. Lameere, I have long been of

opinion that amongst existing Longicorns the Lepturine,

especially those of the Zowotus group, come nearest to the

ancestral form. ‘That form was probably, though not neces-

sarily, provided, like the present-day Prioning, with a sharp

lateral margin to the prothorax. Such a form would differ

but slightly in facies and structural characters from the

ancestor of the Chrysomelida. No genus of the latter family

known to me shows any resemblance to Parandra, the genus

which Prof. Lameere regards as the prototype of the Longi-

corns; but it is only fair to state that Mysteria and Anoplo-

derma, which he derives almost directly from Parandra, do

somewhat in facies resemble some of the more primitive

Chrysomelide. AMysterva especially has a facies which

would agree well with that of my suggested Lepturo-Prionine

prototype; but the reduced wing-venation, the fusion of

the labrum with the clypeus, and the broad mentum and

On the Genera of Stephanoceras and Allies. 145

submentum covering over the base of the maxille show that

Mysteria is in some respects a very specialized genus and

cannot be considered as ancestral.

One of the chief obstacles to my view of the matter has

been the difficulty hitherto of showing how such forms as

the Lamiide could be derived from Lepturoid ancestors.

This difficulty is to a great extent removed when we see a

genus like Atimia, which admittedly is closely related to the

Lepturinz, presenting so striking a resemblance in general

form to the Lamiide.

The genus Tenthras, associated with Atimia both by

Thomson and Lacordaire, is actually « Lamiid referable to

the group Acanthocinides. |

Cerambyx notatus, Drury, Illustrations of Exotic Insects, 11.

p. 64, pl. xxxv. fig. 2, and Index (1773).

This species is omitted from the Catalogue of Gemminger

and Harold, and appears to have escaped the notice of North-

American entomologists. Drury’s figure and description of

it are so good as to leave no room to doubt that it isa North-

American species of Monohammus, identical with M. confusor,

Kirby. The latter name, being much later in date, must go

as a synonym.

XXIII.—The Genera of Stephanoceras and Allies.

By 8. 8. Buckman, F.G.S.

Dr. Erich MAscre has lately published at Gottingen his

“ Inaugural Dissertation ” under the title of ‘ Die Stephano-

ceras-Verwandten in den Coronatenschichten von Nord-

deutschland.” This paper shows great promise, and the

very comprehensive work on the subject which is to follow

will be awaited with much interest. The following abstract

of and notes on the paleontological portion of his paper will,

it is hoped, be of service.

Family Otoitide, Mascke.

Genus Ororrrs, Mascke.

~ “Type, Am. sauzer, d’Orb.”

17 species, of which 15 are new.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 10

146 Mr. S. S. Buckman on rhe

Genus EpaLxitss, Mascke.

“Type, Am. contractus anceps, Qu.”

5 species, of which 4 are new.

Genus Mreraxytes, Mascke.

“Type, Met. intermedius, n. £.”

18 species, of which all are new.

Depressed, strong-ribbed Stephanoceratoids, with ears.

Genus NorMANNITES, Mun.-Chalm.

“Type, Am. braikenridgit, Sow.”

54 species, of which all but 2 are new.

In placing Am. bratkenridgit, Sow., as the type of this

genus Mascke has disregarded Munier-Chalmas. That

author (‘ Compte-rend. Soc. Géol. France, 1892, xiv. p. clxxii)

specially mentioned Am. bratkenridgit, d’Orb. The differ-

ence is very important, for Dundry, which is the type-

locality of A. bratkenridgn, Sow., possesses no strata at all

which could yield Am. bratkenridgit, d’Orb. The Am.

braikenridgii, Sow., is from the sauzed-zone, and its lappets,

being lateral, not latero-peripheral, indicate a species of the

sauzei group; it belongs, therefore, to the genus Otottes,

Mascke. ‘There is indirect evidence for this conclusion—the

specimens in the Bristol Museum labelled Am. braikenridgit

were the species which has of late years been termed

A. sauzet, d’Orb. It seems desirable that the confusion

between the Sowerbyan and d’Orbignyan species of Am.

braikenridgit should be prevented ; and as for a long time the

need of a distinguishing appellation for the latter species has

been felt, the present opportunity may be taken to give the

name

Normannites orbignyt, nov.

1846. Ammonites braikenridgu, d’Orb. (non Sow.), Pal. franc., Terr.

jur., Ceph. pl. cxxxv. figs. 3, 4 only.

Therefore Munier-Chalmas’s genus will read thus :—

Genus NORMANNITES, Mun.-Chalm.

Type, A. braikenridgit, d’Orb. (non Sow.),= Normannites

orbignyt.

And in the genus Ofottes there will be three named species

to deal with :—O. sauzez (d’Orb.) ; O. braikenridgit (Sow.),

thinner, less spinous ; O. contractus (Sow.).

Genera of Stephanoceras and Allies. 147

Genus GERMANITES, Mascke.

“Type, Germ. latilobus, n. f.”

12 species, of which all are new.

Compressed, somewhat fine-ribbed Stephanoceratoids with

ears.

Genus PARKINSONIA, Bayle.

“Type, Am. parkinsoni, Sow.”

) species, of which 4 are new.

These are only the species from the Coronatenschichten of

North Germany. From higher beds in England and Wurtem-

berg the number of species is very large.

Genus STRENOCERAS, Hyatt.

“Type, Am. niortensis, d’Orb.”

7 species, of which 2 are new.

Genus SPIROCERAS, Qu.

“Type, Hamites bifurcatus, Qu.”

No further record.

Genus PoLYPLECTITES, Mascke.

“Type, Am. linguiferus, d’Orb.”

No further record.

Family Stemmatoceratide, Mascke.

Genus STEMMATOCERAS, Mascke.

“ Type, Am. humphriesianus coronatus, Qu.”

15 species, of which 13 are new.

Genus SKIRROCERAS, Mascke.

“Type, Am. humphriestanus macer, Qu.”

15 species, of which 13 are new.

Genus TELOcERAS, Mascke.

“Type, Am. blagdeni, Sow.”

19 species, of which 14 are new.

10%

148 On the Genera of Stephanoceras and Allies.

Genus BACULATOCERAS, Mascke.

“Type, Am. baculatus, Qu.”

7 species, of which 4 are new.

Genus APSORROCERAS, Hyatt.

“Type, Ham. baculatus, Qu.”

No record.

Family Stephanoceratide (Zittel), em. Mascke.

Genus EmMILEIA, Buckm.

“Type, [A.] brocchit, Sow.”

11 species, of which 7 are new.

Genus CHONDROCERAS, Mascke.

“Type, Am. gervillet, Sow.”

41 species, divided into 6 groups, only 1 species yet

described.

Genus SPH#ROCERAS (Bayle), em. Mascke.

“Type, Am. brongniart?, Sow.”

7 species, of which 6 are new.

Genus STEPHANOCERAS (Waagen), em. Mascke.

“Type, Am. Humphr. mutabilis, Qu.”

25 species, of which 21 are new.

The generic name is preoccupied for Rotifers.

Genus STEPHEOCERAS, Buckm.

“Type, Am. humphriesi[anus], Sow.”

16 species, of which 12 are new. -

Genus GARANTIANA, Hyatt.

“Type, Am. garanti[anus], d’Orb.”

15 species, of which 13 are new.

This genus is really new. Hyatt cited itas Siemiradzki’s,

but that author did not name it. Mascke gives the histery

of its origin.

Genus SUBPARKINSONIA, Mascke.

“Type, Subp. divisa, n. f.”

3 species, of which all are new.

On new Freshwater Fishes from China and Japan. 149

Garantiana-like forms with indistinct peripheral break of

ribs; no definite break bordered by knobs as in Garantiana.

Some species from the ntortensis-beds of Oborne, Dorset,

answer to this description.

The new species enumerated as belonging to these genera

have not yet been described by Dr. Mascke, but they are

promised in an important forthcoming work. Those who

know how the present paucity of names for these fossils

hampers geological and biological work will earnestly desire

that its publication be not delayed.

Besides these genera, that of Cadomites, Munier-Chalmas,

type Am. deslongchampst, d’Orb., would certainly be added

under Mascke’s family Stephanoceratide. To this genus

belongs A. daubenyt, Gemmellaro, a very rare species for

Britain, which has been found in the ¢rwellzi-beds of Burton

Bradstock, Dorset; and there are other species not yet

named.

It will be seen that Mascke arranges ‘‘Stephanoceras and

allies,” from the Coronatenschichten only, into 21 genera, of

which 11 are new, and that he mentions 292 species, of which

253 are new—that is to say, that in a part only of what was

a few years ago grudgingly regarded as one genus with some

dozen species, he proposes to have 3 families, 21 genera, and

some 300 species. Put in another way, it is, perhaps, more

striking—the ‘‘ good old species”? ‘A. humphriesianus”’ is

to be divided into 71 species, distributed among 4 genera, in

2 families.

These results are quite in accordance with the expectations

of those who have studied the Inferior Oolite, and know by

experience its remarkably prolific Ammonite fauna; but they

will doubtless surprise those who have thought that the

Inferior Oolite had been given too many species already, and

that the best way to veil the fact of its Ammonite fecundity

was to cause the discontinuance of the work onit. However,

what is not to be accomplished in one country is evidently to

be undertaken with vigour in another.

XXIV.—Descriptions of new Freshwater Fishes from China

and Japan. By C. Tare Reaan, M.A.

Gymnostomus formosanus.

Depth of body 34 to 4 in the length, length of head 4 to 44,

Snout shorter than postorbital part of head. Diameter of

150 Mr. C. T. Regin on new

eye 41 to 5 in the length of head, interorbital width 2% to 3.

Width of mouth a little more than 2 the width of head;

sheath of lower jaw with rounded anterior edge; folds of

lower lip separated anteriorly by an interspace which is about

4 the width of mouth (rather more in the adult, less in the

young) ; 4 barbels, the posterior longer than the anterior

ones and nearly as long as the eye. Dorsal 11, with 8

branched rays; origin equidistant from end of snout and base

of caudal or nearer the former; first branched ray the

longest, as long as (adult) or a little longer than (young) the

base of the fin. Anal 8, with 5 branched rays. Pectoral a

little shorter than the head, not reaching the ventrals, which

are inserted below the anterior part of the dorsal. 40 to 42

scales in a longitudinal series, 54 or 6 in a transverse series: |

from origin of dorsal to lateral line, 3 or 4 between lateral

line and base of ventral. Silvery, back darker; young with

6 or 7 blackish vertical bars; membrane of dorsal fin

blackish ; ventrals and anal usually more or less blackish.

Kight specimens, the largest 160 mm. in total length,

from Lake Candidius, Formosa, collected by Herr Sauter.

Closely allied to the Chinese G. styanz, Blgr., and G@. krey-

enbergii, Regan, and intermediate between them in the

structure of the mouth.

Ischikavia macrolepis.

Depth of body 34 in the length, length of head 4. Snout

a little shorter than eye, the diameter of which is 34 to 34 in

the length of head and less than the interorbital width.

Mouth oblique. Dorsal 10, with 7 branched rays, its origin

behind the ventrals and nearer to the base of caudal than to

the end of snout. Anal 16-17, with 13 or 14 branched rays.

Pectoral extending to the ventrals. 38 to 40 scales in a

longitudinal series, 7 or 8 in a transverse series from origin

of dorsal to lateral line, 3 between lateral line and base of

ventral.

Three small specimens, the largest 60 mm. in total length,

from Kagi, Formosa, collected by Herr Sauter.

This species is extremely similar to the Japanese J. steen-

ackeri, Sauvage, which has much smaller scales.

— Achilognathus smithit.

Depth of body 24 in the length, length of head 4. Diame-

ter of eye 3 in the length of head and equal to the interorbital

width. No barbels. Dorsal 18, with 10 branched rays.

Anal 13. Pectoral extending to the ventrals. 33 scales in a

Freshwater Fishes from China and Japan. _—1ol

longitudinal series, 6 in a transverse series from origin of

dorsal to lateral line, 4 between lateral line and base of

ventral. Silvery, back darker; a dark blue lateral stripe

‘commencing on the upper part of the side midway between

the head and the origin of the dorsal fin and extending to

the base of the caudal; a blackish stripe on the anterior part

of the dorsal near the base.

A single small specimen, 88 mm. in total length, from the

R. Nodogawa, Kioto, Japan, presented by R. Gordon Smith,

Esq.

Allied to A. cyanostigma, Jord. & Fowl., which has a

more slender body (depth 3 in the length), fewer fin-rays

(dorsal and anal each with 8 branched rays), more scales (39)

in the lateral line, and a shorter pectoral.

Clarias sautert.

Depth of body 54 to 64 in the length, length of head 34

to 4.. Breadth of head equal to its length without the snout.

Head smooth or finely granulated above; occipital process

obtuse (more acute in the young); eyessmall. Premaxillary

band of teeth 4 times as long as broad; teeth on the palate

obtuse, forming a crescentic band narrower than that of the

premaxillaries. Maxillary barbel extending to posterior

part or end of pectoral. About 15 gill-rakers on the lower

part of the anterior arch. Dorsal 57-64. Anal 40-45.

Dorsal and anal fins free from the caudal, which is rounded.

Pectoral spine entire or with fine serra hidden beneath the

skin, its length # to ? that of the fin or } to 2 the length of

head. Dark greyish, paler below; sometimes small pale

spots on the sides.

Several specimens, 120 to 200 mm. in total length, from

Kagi, Formosa, collected by Herr Sauter.

This species is close to the Chinese C. fuscus, Lacep.,

which differs notably in having villiform teeth on the palate.

Pseudobagrus brevianalis.

Depth of body 5in the length, length of head 4 to 4,

Head covered with smooth skin; snout broad, obtuse, 4 the

length of head; eye small, its diameter } the interocular

width, which is 24 to 24 in the length of head. Mouth sub-

terminal; maxillary barbel extending to basal part of pectoral.

D. 17; adipose fin nearly equal to the anal and opposite to

it. Anal 16-18; base shorter than the head. Caudal very

slightly emarginate, with rounded lobes. Pectoral spine with

152. On new Freshwater Fishes from China and Japan.

denticulated inner edge, 2 to 3 the length of the fin or 4 to 2

the length of head. Greyish.

Several specimens, measuring up to 115 mm. in total

length, from Lake Candidius, Formosa, collected by Herr

Sauter.

Allied to the Japanese P: aurantiacus, Schleg., which has

a longer anal fin.

Liobagrus sugubit.

Depth of body 42 to 5 in the length, length of head 44 to

43. Head as broad as long; interocular width 2 to 23 in

the length of head. Lower jaw shorter than the upper;

preemaxillary band of teeth twice as long as broad; posterior

mandibulary barbel extending to base of pectoral. Dorsal 15;

spine + the length of head. Pectoral spine less than 4 the

length of the fin, which is 3 to 2 the length of head. Anal

15-16. Caudal rounded or subtruncate. Greyish brown ;

scattered pale spots on the side; lower fins pale; caudal

with a narrow whitish edge.

Four specimens, 105 mm. in total length, from Lake

Biwa, Japan, presented by H.E. Mr. Sugubi, Governor of

Otsu.

Dr. Pappenheim has kindly informed me that the type of

L. reint, Hilgendorf, is not preserved in the Berlin Museum.

Hilgendorf’s description is equally applicable to either

Japanese species, but for the present the name ZL. reint may

be restricted to the species described and figured under that

name by Jordan and Fowler (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi.

1903, p. 909, fig. 2), which differs from the one described

above in the more slender body, narrower interocular space,

longer fin-spines, &c.

Lniobagrus styant.

Depth of body 6 to 7 in the length, length of head 5.

Head nearly as broad as long; interocular width 22 to 3 in

the length of head. Lower jaw shorter than the upper ;

premaxillary band of teeth 23 to 3 as long as broad ; poste-

rior mandibulary barbel extending to basal part of pectoral.

Dorsal 1 5; spine + the length of head. Pectoral spine less

than + the length of the fin, which is 2 to the length of

head. Anal 18. Caudal rounded. Greyish; small pale

spots on the sides; fins broadly edged with white.

Two specimens, 70 and 85 mm. in total length, from South

Hupeh, China, presented by F. W. Styan, Esq., in 1902.

On Freshwater Fishes from British New Guinea. 153

Ctenogobius candidianus.

Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 33 to 32.

Snout decurved, nearly twice as long as the eye, the diameter

of which is 5 in the length of head; jaws equal anteriorly ;

mouth little oblique. Opercles naked; nape covered with small

scales. Dorsal VI,I8. Anal1I8. None of the rays of the

spinous dorsal produced; soft dorsal and anal rather low.

Caudal rounded. Pectoral a little shorter than the head;

ventrals extending less than 4 the distance from their base to

the origin of anal. 34 to 36 scales in a longitudinal series.

Ten specimens, the largest 80 mm. in total length, from

Lake Candidius, Formosa, collected by Herr Sauter.

Very similar to the Japanese C. hadropterus, Jord. & Snyd.,

but with the scales on the nape and the anterior part of the

body smaller. Some specimens show traces of markings on

the head like those of C. hadropterus.

XXV.—Descriptions of Four new Freshwater Fishes from

* British New Guinea. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A.

THE freshwater fishes of New Guinea have recently been

made the subject of an extensive memoir by Prof. Max

Weber (Expéd. Sci. “Néerland. Nouvelle-Guinée, v. Zool.

1907). A small series from British New Guinea brought

home by Dr. Seligmann is of some interest, inasmuch as it

contains examples of four species which appear to be new to

science and of three others not included in Max Weber’s

list; the latter are Stcydium cynocephalum, C. & V., and

Eleotris tenioptera, Blkr., from the Wedau River, and

Eleotris compressa, Krefft, from Agajambo. The fishes are

from four localities, those from the Wedau River and the

Fly River having been presented to the British Museum by

Major W. Cooke Daniels, those from Agajambo by C. A. W.

Monckton, Esq., and those from Sogeri by Captain F. R.

Barton.

Neosilurus bartont.

Depth of body 6% in the length, length of head 52. Head

much broader than deep, its breadth 14 in its length, diameter

of eye 4%, length of snout 22-3, interorbital width 24-31,

Lower jaw shorter than the upper. Nasal and inner man-

dibulary barbels subequal, a little shorter than the head;

154 Mr. C. T. Regan on new

maxillary and outer mandibulary barbels as long as the head.

12 or 13 gill-rakers on the lower part of anterior arch.

Dorsal I 5, the spine nearly 2 the length of head, with a few

weak denticulations anteriorly, nearly smooth or very finely

denticulated posteriorly ; procurrent part of caudal com-

mencing above the middle of anal, anteriorly very low and

without distinct rays. Anal 85-90. Pectoral not extending

to the base of ventrals, its spine similar to but a little longer

than that of the dorsal; ventrals extending a little beyond

the origin of anal. Uniformly greyish.

Two specimens from Sogeri, total length 122 mm., pre-

sented to the British Museum by Captain F. R. Barton.

The recently described N. nove-guinee from the northern

part of the island is said to have the head as deep as broad,

the diameter of eye 24 to 24 in the interorbital width (12 in

NV. bartont), the dorsal spine 4 the depth of body (2 in

LV. bartont) and longer than that of the pectoral.

The genus JNeosilurus, Stdr., established in 1867 for

N. hyrilii, Stdy., includes also Copidoglanis brevidorsalis,

Gthr., and C. nove-guinee, M. Weber. Copidoglanis differs

in having the procurrent part of the caudal fin well developed

and similar to the anal.

None of the Siluridee have more than one rayed dorsal ‘fin,

if we except those forms in which rays are developed in the

adipose fin. The Plotosine have been described as having a

long second dorsal fin, but this is really an extension forward

of the caudal fin, as is proved by the structure, basalia (inter-

neurals) being absent. In quite a different group, the

Chacine, the caudal extends forward some distance both

above and below, so that the genus Chaca has been said to

have two dorsal and two anal fins. Clarias has been wrongly

associated with the Plotosine, for the long dorsal fin of this

genus is supported by basalia and is the homologue of the

short dorsal of the allied Saccobranchus.

Arius (Hemiarius) danielst.

Depth of body 4% in the length, length of head 33.

Breadth of head 14 in its length, length of snout 3, diameter

of eye 74, interorbital width 2. Upper surface of head ~

granulated ; occipital process with median keel, 14.as long as

broad, extending to the small basal bone of the dorsal spine.

Lower jaw shorter than the upper; teeth on the vomer

forming 2 small round separate patches, contiguous to the

palatine bands, which are rather more than twice as long as

Freshwater Fishes from British New Guinea. 155

broad. Maxillary barbel extending to the extremity of the

pectoral ; outer mandibulary barbels nearly as long.

Dorsal I 7; the spine strong, % the length of head, with an

anterior and a posterior series of denticulations, which become

small and indistinct inferiorly. Pectoral spine strong, as

long as that of the dorsal, with a feeble outer and a strong

inner series of denticulations. Anal 23 (VI 17). Ventrals

extending a little beyond the origin of anal. Caudal forked,

the longest ray 3 times as long as the middle ones. Caudal

peduncle 12 as long as deep. Purplish above, silvery below ;

fins yellowish.

One specimen, 162 mm. in total length, from the Fly River,

presented to the British Museum by Major W. Cooke

Daniels.

This species resembles the Sumatran .A. stormi, Blkr., in

general appearance and in the dentition, but is distinguished

by the longer barbels, much longer anal, less elevated

dorsal, &c.

Rhombatractus webert.

Depth of body 23-3 in the length, length of head 32-4.

Snout as long or nearly as long as the eye, the diameter of

which is 2?-34 in the length of head, interorbital width

about 2}. Lower jaw shorter than the upper; maxillary

completely hidden by the preorbital, extending to or nearly

to the vertical from the anterior margin of eye. Scales

34—37/11. Dorsal V (VI), I 12-14; origin of spinous

dorsal above first branched ray of anal, a little nearer to tip

of snout than to base of caudal; first spine stout, as long as

the postorbital part of head, the others slender and longer ;

second dorsal separated from the first by 2 scales, preceded

by a stout spine which is nearly as long as the eye; soft

rays gradually increasing in length posteriorly. Anal I 22.

Pectoral 2-3 the length of head ; ventrals 3-2 the length of

head, extending a little beyond the origin of anal. Caudal

emarginate. Caudal peduncle as long as or a little longer

than deep. Olivaceous above, silvery below; a blackish

band from the snout, through the upper part of the eye, to

the base of the caudal, becoming gradually broader poste-

riorly, covering 24 series of scales on the caudal peduncle; a

blackish blotch on the lower part of the side above the anal

fin; vertical fins dusky at the base.

Six specimens, 65-110 mm. in total length, from Sogeri,

presented to the British Museum by Captain I’. R. Barton.

156 On Freshwater Fishes from British New Guinea.

I have named this species after Prof. Max Weber, in

recognition of his work on the fishes of New Guinea.

Perhaps the most nearly allied species is 2. goldiz, Macleay,

from the same locality, which has been stated by both

Macleay * and Perugia } to have six spines in the first dorsal

fin, a number found in only one of the specimens described

above; moreover, in f&. goldii the black lateral band is said

to run above and below the eye.

The skeleton is extremely similar to that of more typical

Atherinide, and the skull, pectoral arch, and vertebral

column present few features of special interest. The vertebra:

number 35, 20 precaudals and 15 caudals. ‘The pelvic

bones are suspended from the third and fourth pair of

ribs ; the last eleven pairs of ribs meet ventrally and support

the basalia (interhemals) of the anal fin, as in the Ophio-

cephalidee.

Eleotris (Caulichthys) moncktont.

Depth of body 32 in the length, length of head 44.

Breadth of head 2 in its length. Snout a little shorter than eye,

the diameter of which is 4 in the length of head and a little less

than the interorbital width. Mouth small, oblique, the lower

jaw slightly projecting, the maxillary not extending to below

the eye. Head covered with scales, which become much

smaller anteriorly. Scales 29/12. Dorsal VI, I 8; origin

of spinous dorsal equidistant from extremity of snout and

base of last soft ray ; second spine the longest, a little longer

than the third and 2 the length of head; soft fin highest

anteriorly, the first branched ray a little more than 2 the

length of head, the last $ length of head. AnalI 10. Pec-

toral nearly # the length of head; ventrals as long, not

extending to the anal. Caudal truncate. Least depth of

caudal peduncle twice in its length. Hach scale of the body

yellowish, with a broad dark brown margin; dark edges of

the scales forming a narrow blackish bar on the base of

pectoral ; vertical fins blackish, the caudal with small light

spots.

A single specimen, 73 mm. in total length, from Agajambo,

presented to the British Museum by C. A. W. Monckton,

sq.

Closely allied to H. guenthert, Blkr., which has a longer

snout and larger eye.

* Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, viii. 1883, p. 269.

t+ Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) xiv. 1894, p. 548.

Ann.& Mag. Wars etee. co. Vol LePledk.

R.S. del. J.Green lith.

And Mag. Not. Hist. §.8.Vot.t. PUX.

d,Greerv ith.

R,S, del.

On new Genera and Species of Blattidee. 157

XXVI.—Some new Genera and Species of Blattide, with

Notes on the Form of the Pronotum in the Subfamily

Perispheriine. By R. SHetrorD, M.A., F.L.S.

[Plates LX. & X.]

Subfam. Horosrwvz.

Genus ANAPLECTA, Burm.

Anaplecta erythronota, sp.n. (PI. IX. fig. 9.)

?. Head and disk of pronotum rufous. Lateral margins

of pronotum hyaline. Tegmina castaneous, with the

marginal area hyaline ; 10 costals, 3 longitudinal discoidal

sectors. Wings infuscated, marginal area not dilated, radial

vein with a humeral and discoidal branch; 6 to 7 costals,

median vein obsolete at base; medio-discal field twice as

broad as medio-ulnar and crossed by 7 transverse venule ;

medio-ulnar field distally crossed by 2 to 3 transverse venule,

first axillary triramose; apical area parabolic, two fifths of

total wing-length, base slightly obtusely angled, crossed

below the middle by an oblique vein. Abdomen beneath,

cerci, and legs testaceous ; abdomen above castaneous, supra-

anal lamina transverse, narrow.

Total length 8 mm.; length of tegmina 5:4 mm.

Maskeliya, Ceylon (EZ. E. Green). Type in the British

Museum.

Close to A. maculata, mihi, but differs in the wing-venation

as well as in the colour of the pronotum.

Subfam. PuyzrropRouIivZ.

Genus ISCHNOPTERA, Burm.

Ischnoptera longstafi, sp.n. (Pl. IX. fig. 8.)

3. Testaceous. Head with a castaneous macula on the

frons. Pronotum with two castaneous spots on the disk.

Tegmina with radial vein bifurcated ; 14 to 15 costals, 9 longi-

tudinal discoidal sectors, the anterior ulnar vein being tri-

ramose. Wings hyaline, mediastinal vein triramose, radial

vein bifurcated ; 7 costals, the last two multiramose; ulnar

vein with 3 complete branches and 3 or 4 incomplete branches

going to the dividing vein, the more proximal minute. Sixth

abdominal tergite with posterior border notched, a circular

depression at base of seventh tergite marking the opening of

158 Mr. R. Shelford on es

the scent-glands. Supra-anal lamina triangular; subgenital

lamina irregularly produced, notched on the left side, with

two slender styles. Front femora armed on anterior margin

beneath with a complete row of spines, the distal shorter than

the proximal; all the femora with genicular and apical

spines.

?. Similar, but supra-anal lamina more produced, sub-

genital lamina ample, semiorbicular.

3 ?. Total length 18-19 mm.; length of body 15 mm.;

length of tegmina 15 mm.; pronotum 3°5 x 4:9 mm.

3 63,2 2 2, Zambesi rain-forest (Dr. G. B. Longstaff

and Prof. T’. Hudson Beare).

Types in Oxford Museum.

The species is allied to Z. bémaculata, Gerst., from E. Africa,

but differs in the secondary sexual characters of the male.

Subfam. Brarrriz.

Genus PROTAGONISTA, nov.

Antenne slightly incrassated. Position of antennal sockets

variable. Pronotum as long as broad, quadrangular, with

rounded angles, sides not deflexed. A fine erect pubescence

covers both pronotum and tegmina. Tegmina and wings

fully developed in the male. ‘Tibial spines in two rows.

Posterior metatarsus longer than the remaining joints, all the

pulvilli apical. Arolia minute.

The genus is remarkable on account of the shape of the

pronotum and the pubescence on pronotum and tegmina. In

one of the species the eyes are closer together than the

antennal sockets, in the other they are further apart; I doubt

if this character is of much importance, and it hardly seems

advisable to separate the New- World genera of Blattinee from

the Old-World genera on the strength of this character

alone.

Protagonista lugubris, sp.n. (Pl. IX. fig. 1.)

3. Piceous. Head finely punctate; labrum, clypeus, and

palpi testaceous ; ocelli * prominent, testaceous ; eyes further

apart than antennal sockets. Antenne fuscous, slightly

incrassated, pubescent, but not plumose, apical joints testa-

ceous. Pronotum not covering vertex of head, coarsely

reticulate-punctate, with some smooth interspaces and lines ;

a deep, wide, semilunar impression extending across the

* They appear to be true ocelli as in the subfam. Corydiine, and not

fenestreé as in the other subfamilies.

Genera and Species of Blattide. 159

anterior third and down the sides to near the posterior angles ;

a short transverse impression just behind the anterior margin.

Tegmina exceeding the apex of the abdomen, semicorneous

and seriately punctate at base, marginal field deflexed at

base and fimbriate, anal vein obsolescent. Abdomen with

disk rufo-castaneous ; supra-anal lamina subquadrate, poste-

riorly emarginate; subgenital lamina subquadrate, with a

pair of long styles. Cerci moderate, rufous. Legs rufo-

castaneous, the tibiae with a fine recumbent pubescence.

Front femora with a complete row of spines on front margin

beneath, none on posterior margin; mid and hind femora

somewhat rounded beneath and with only one spine on each

margin. Tibial spines sparse, arranged in tworows. Poste-

rior metatarsus very long, succeeding joints rather short.

Total length 25 mm.; length of body 23°5 mm.; length

of tegmina 19 mm.; pronotum 5:9 x 6 mm.

Manson Mts., Tonkin (type in Oxford Museum) ; Yen-Bai,

Central Tonkin (co-type in Paris Museum).

Protagonista borneensis, sp. n. (PI. IX. fig. 2.)

3. Head piceous, opaque, with a few scattered punctures,

mouth-parts piceous; eyes closer together than antennal

sockets. Antenne with moniliform joints, shorter than the

body, piceous, with a testaceous band near the apex. Pro-

notum opaque piceous, with scattered erect pubescence; a

shallow transverse impression in anterior third and two

oblique impressions in posterior third. ‘Tegmina rufo-

castaneous, exceeding the apex of the abdomen, narrow ;

marginal field narrow, deflexed; anal vein well-marked,

reaching nearly halfway down the sutural margin. Abdomen

piceous, with the basal segments rufescent above, testaceous

below. Supra-anal lamina quadrately produced, posterior

angles spiniform, posterior margin concave, exceeded by the

subgenital lamina, which is semiorbicular, and provided with

a pair of slender styles. Cerci long, acuminate, castaneous.

Front legs castaneous, mid and hind legs with the coxe

(except at the base) and the femora (except at the apex)

testaceous, otherwise castaneous. Front femora with a

complete row of spines on anterior margin beneath, two or

three on posterior margin ; mid and hind femora with 5 to 7

spines on each margin. Tarsal arolia larger than in the

preceding species.

Total length 25 mm.; length of body 20 mm; length of

tegmina 20 mm.; pronotum 4°8 x 4:1 mm.

Sarawak, Borneo (Shelford). ‘Type in Oxford Museum.

160 Mr. R. Shelford on new

Genus ARCHIBLATTA, Voll.

? Archiblatia parva, sp. n.

2. Rufo-testaceous, all the segments margined and

speckled with castaneous. Head castaneous, the vertex

paler, finely punctate, nitid ; antenne and mouth-parts rufo-

castaneous, antennze slender, setaceous [mutilated]. Hyes

further apart than antennal sockets. Upper surface of body

scabrous, nitid. Pronotum trapezoidal, anteriorly truncate,

posterior margin slightly obtusely angled; posterior angles of

all the thoracic tergites slightly produced. Posterior angles

of abdominal tergites not produced; supra-anal lamina sub-

quadrate, posteriorly emarginate, angles rounded, dark casta-

neous in colour, margined with testaceous. Body beneath

and legs uniform castaneous, abdominal sternites laterally —

scabrous ; antepenultimate sternite with a large deep puncture

on each side, bordering the subgenital valves. Cerci shorter

than the supra-anal lamina. Front femora with a complete

row of spines on anterior margin beneath, one on the poste-

rior margin ; mid femora with 4-5 spines on anterior, 2-3 on

posterior margin; hind femora with 4 spines on anterior, 1

on posterior margin; all these spines very small. Tibial

spines in three rows, but the middle row very incomplete.

Posterior metatarsus equal to remaining joints; pulvilli large,

occupying nearly the entire length of every joint.

Total length 23 mm.; pronotum 6 X38°d mm.

-Towranna plains, W. Australia (#. Clement). Type in

Oxford Museum.

I place this very curious insect provisionally in Arehi-

blatta, but in many of its characters it does not conform to

that genus, and eventually it may be necessary to erect a

new genus for its reception.

Subfam. Corrprrv2.

Genus CARDAX, nov.

@. Minute, slender, with fine recumbent pubescence.

Antennz nearly as long as body, finely pubescent. Ocelli

present. Head with vertex covered by the pronotum; eyes

wide apart; frons slightly inflated. Lacinia of maxille

slender. Pronotum trapezoidal, bent downwards, forming an

angle with rest of body, a broad transverse impression at its

base. Scutellum exposed. ‘T’egmina extending considerably

beyond apex of abdomen, delicate, membranous, hyaline,

finely fimbriate, and with minute recumbent pubescence ;

Genera and Species of Blattidee. 161

radial vein bifurcate from near base, costal veins absent,

anterior ulnar simple, posterior ulnar simple or bifurcate, anal

field much reduced, anal vein straight, oblique, one axillary

vein. Wings similar in size, texture, and pubescence to the

tegmina; posterior part of the wing reduced to a small lobe,

not pubescent, with one obsolescent axillary vein; radial

vein simple, no costal veins ; median vein bifurcate from near

base, its anterior branch bifurcating near apex; ulnar vein

bifurcate. Vena spuria present in both tegmina and wings.

Supra-anal lamina subquadrate, posterior border arcuately

emarginate. Subgenital lamina rounded, slightly irregular,

without styles. Cerci elongate, nine-jointed, apical joint

acuminate. Legs slender, long; tibiz sparsely spined, the

spines on the posterior pair biseriately arranged ; femora with

genicular spines; tarsal claws minute, without arolia; no

pulvilli; posterior metatarsus longer than the remaining

joints.

Cardax willeyt, sp. n. (Pl. IX. figs. 3~7.)

3d. Fusco-hyaline ; tegmina with a slight iridescent sheen ;

legs testaceous. Jront tibiae with four apical spines, other-

wise unarmed ; mid tibize with two spines near the base and

three apical spines ; hind tibie with four spines along the

outer border and three apical spines.

Total length 5°9 mm.; length of body 3:8 mm.; length

of teemina 5 mm.; greatest breadth of tegmina 2 mm.

Peradeniya, Ceylon (A. Willey); several specimens.

Type in the British Museum ; co-type in the Oxford Museum.

This is certainly one of the most remarkable cockroaches

known. In general appearance it is far more like a small

Neuropterous insect than like an Orthopteron, an effect

brought about by the similar texture and pubescence of the

tegmina and wings; this is a feature shown, to a limited

extent, by the genus Homoptercidea, mihi, but by no other

genera in the family. In the subfamily Corydiine the poste-

rior part of the wing does not fold up in a fan-like manner, but

merely doubles under the anterior part, which leads in some

instances to a reduction in size of the posterior part, so that

it becomes equal in size or even smaller than the anterior

part. In Cardasx the reduction has proceeded so far that the

posterior part of the wing is represented merely by a small

functionless lobe ; and it is interesting to note that, correlated

with this reduction, is a parallel reduction of the anal field of

the tegmina. ‘The anterior part of the wings is relatively

much larger than is usual in Blattide. The venation of the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. 1. 1)

162 Mr. R. Shelford on new

alar organs is much simplified and approximates to a radiate

type, there being but little branching of the veins. The

minute tarsal claws constitute another highly remarkable

character. It is difficult to discover the affinities of a genus

so aberrant as this; the biseriate arrangement of the tibial

spines shows that it must be placed in the section of the sub-

family which embraces Latindia, Stal, Paralatindia, Sauss.,

Homopteroidea, Shelf., &c.; but it cannot be regarded as

closely related to any known genus.

Subfam. PzermPH#ZRIINA.

The Form of the Pronotum in the Perispheriine.

De Saussure and Zehntner, in their revision of the Peri- -

spheriine (Rev. Suisse Zool. vol. iii. 1895), have traced the

evolution of the complex type of pronotum of such genera as

Pilema and Cyrtotria [= Stenopilema, Sauss.] from a simple

type. A summary of their conclusions may be presented

here, and I have added some diagrammatic figures as a help

to its elucidation. In a typical Blattid pronotum two areas

may be distinguished, the disk and the lateral wings, which

project on either side beyond the outer limits of the pro-

sternum ; the disk covers the head and on the underside is

more or less defined by a pair of carine, known as the typical

carine. In transverse section this form of pronotum may be

represented as in Pl. IX. fig. 10, A, where a represents the

disk, 66 the lateral wings, and cc the typical carine. In the

genus Pronaonota (Pl. IX. fig. 10, B) the lateral wings are

strongly bent downwards and an incomplete carina (d) on

the deflected sides of the dorsal surface of the pronotum

foreshadows the separation of the lateral wings from the disk.

The separation is more or less complete in the genera Pilema

and Cyrtotria (Pl. IX. fig. 10, C); the lateral wings in

these genera now appear in side view as lateral bands bent

down at a right angle, or at more than a right angle, to the

disk of the pronotum, and their upper (morphologically inner)

border is elevated, so that in dorsal view it appears as if the

lateral borders of the pronotum had been simply reflected

from below upwards. Such, however, is not really the case ;

the carina on the pronotum of Pronaonota is the morphological

equivalent of the upper edge of the lateral band of Pilema,

and the lateral margin of the pronotum of Pronaonota is the

equivalent of the lower edge of the lateral band of Pilema.

This lateral band is morphologically the lateral wing of the

pronotum, which has become divided off from the disk,

Genera and Species of Blattidze. 163

rotated outwards through some degrees, and, owing to a

greater or less elevation of its upper border, is now separated

dorsally from the disk of the pronotum by a channel or groove

of varying depth. Frequently, though by no means always,

the development of the lateral bands is accompanied by a

slight upward reflection of the anterior margin of the pro-

notum. ‘The upper edge of this reflected border is continuous

with the upper edge of the lateral bands; the lower edge,

when seen from the ventral aspect, is occasionally continuous

with the lower edge of the lateral bands, asin Cyrtotria jalle,

Gig.-Tos (Pl. X. fig. 19), in which case the lateral bands

are connected anteriorly with each other, but more frequently

the lower edge of the anterior reflection is not evident. and

the lateral bands are not connected with each other anteriorly

(PI. X. fig. 13).

In the species of the genus Bantua (Pl. IX. fig. 10, D),

the rotation of the lateral bands has been carried still further,

7. é. outwards, downwards, and then inwards, so that now

the lateral bands form a very acute angle with the disk of

the pronotum and lie underneath it; the gutter or channel is

obliterated, just as a fold in a piece of cloth vanishes when

the part of the cloth involving the fold is tightly wrapped

round some solid object. The outer border of the pronotal

disk is now the outer margin of the pronotum. A new species

of Pilema and a new species of Bantua described below

illustrate in a most striking and interesting manner the rota-

tion of the lateral bands of the pronotum, with concomitant

obliteration of the gutter separating the bands from the disk.

Finally, in the genus Derocalymma (Pl. IX. fig. 10, E) the

lateral bands are bent still further under the disk and lie

in almost a parallel plane with it; at the same time the pro-

notum is broader, it has reverted to the primitive flattened

shape, but its outer lateral margins are now not the morpho-

logical equivalents of the outer lateral margins of the primi-

tive type, but the equivalents of the inner boundaries of the

lateral wings of that.

The whole series of specimens illustrates admirably the

evolution of a complex type of pronotum from a simple type,

the former superficially resembling the latter. It is by no

means often that the entomologist is supplied with such a

series of gradations, and it is generally far easier to hazard a

suggestion as to the value to the species of certain structures,

than to elucidate their mode of origin. Here it is otherwise ;

we can see pretty clearly the steps whereby the pronotum of

Derocalymma evolved from a more primitive type, but the

value to the species of these variations in structure is by no

164 Mr. R. Shelford on new

means evident at first sight. A knowledge of the habits of

an animal should invariably precede all suggestions as to the

value of any details of its structure, and I feel convinced that

much of the mystery surrounding variations in structure

which are spoken of as being merely of importance to the

systematic naturalist will be dispelled as our knowledge of

the life-histories of the animals exhibiting them increases. A

clue to the use of the variations in pronotal structure of the

cockroaches under notice is afforded by the observations,

slight and incomplete though they are, on their habits. ‘The

vast majority of Blattide are insects of cryptic habits,

spending most of their life hidden under stones or logs, in

decaying vegetation, burrowing in rotten wood, and so forth,

and the majority of species are flattened depressed insects.

The species of Pilema, on the other hand, are convex and

more or less cylindrical insects with a large heavy pronotum,

the anterior border of which is often slightly reflexed and

bounded laterally by the upwardly projecting lateral wings.

Mr. Distant, in his ‘Insecta Transvaaliensia,’ has recently

published an interesting field-observation on the habits of a

species identified as Pilema thoracica, Walk. A female

accompanied by several larve was taken from the bottom of

a neat round hole in the ground about 6 inches in depth ;

there were half a dozen such holes in about half an acre, and

all contained families of this species. I have no doubt but

that all the species of this genus have adopted this mode of

life, and that the pronotum is the part of the body that is

used in excavating the burrows, for on examining some

specimens of P. refleva, Walk., and P. hebetata, Sss. & Z.,

in the British Museum, I found that in these the channel

between the pronotal disk and lateral bands was simply

choked with earth. It is not unreasonable to assume that

the heavy shovel-like pronotum of Pilema has been evolved

in response to a change of habitat. Turning now to the

other end of the series of cockroaches considered, we find

that the species of .Derocalymma are the most flattened

members of the whole family, and in correspondence with

this depressed form it is no surprise to learn that they live

under heavy stones. ‘The advantage of the flattened form,

enabling the insects to slip through narrow crevices and to

lie in security in a circumscribed shelter beneath a stone too

heavy for any but a relatively powerful enemy to move, is

obvious ; and, again, it is not unreasonable to assume that

the highly modified pronotum of Derocalymma is a result of

a change of habitat. There is no information forthcoming as

to the habits of Bantua and Cyrtotria; some species of the

Genera and Species of Blattide. 165

latter genus have the pronotum well adapted for digging, but

others have not, and it would be of the greatest interest to

learn if the habits of the species vary in correlation with the

form of the pronotum.

Bantua is intermediate in structure between Cyrtotria and

Derocalymma ; some specimens collected by Dr. Longstaff in

S. Africa were taken from beneath a log, which means, I

expect, that they were lurking in the rubbish immediately

surrounding the log, as they are not adapted, like Dero-

calymma, for life beneath a heavy body, judging by their

facies.

Finally, the question arises, has Derocalymma originated

from a form like Pilema, passing in the course of its evolution

through a Bantua-like stage? One is tempted to answer in

the affirmative, for adaptation to life beneath stones could

have been brought about by mere flattening of a generalized

type of cockroach with a simple form of pronotum, as has

indeed occurred in the Australian genus Oniscosoma, super-

ficially similar to Derocalymma, but structurally widely

different. The highly modified pronotum. of Derocalymma

has resulted from the flattening not of a simple form of pro-

notum, but of a complex form with lateral bands; the lateral

bands in Pilema are the most essential parts of the exca-

vating organ, the pronotum; but they can serve no useful

purpose in species that do not burrow into the ground, and

the manner of their modification in response to a different

habit of life is shown in the genus Bantua, and especially in

the new species of that genus described below, the final step

in the process being exhibited by Derocalymma.

Genus BANTUA, nov.

Cyrtotria, Saussure and Zehntner (nec Stal), Rev. Suisse Zool. iii. p. 28

(1895).

Differs from Pilema, Sauss., and Cyrtotria, Stal, in the

form of the pronotum, the lateral bands being bent under the

disk and forming an acute angle with it; the margin of the

pronotal disk forms the outer margin of the pronotum. In

the female the posterior angles of the pronotum are more or

less produced backwards. Differs from the genus JDero-

calymma, Burm., by the less complete bending under of the

lateral bands of the pronotum, by the membranous tegmina

of the male, and the backwardly produced posterior angles of

the pronotum in the female.

Type of genus. Perispheria dispar, Burm.

166 - Mr. R. Shelford on new

Bantua ferow, sp.n. (PI. X. fig. 25.)

?. Piceous, nitid. Head cribrate-punctate; distance

apart of eyes less than length of first antennal joint; antenne

castaneous ; ocelli, labrum, and maxillary palpi rufo-testa-

ceous. Pronotum rugose, lateral bands anteriorly deflected

inwards, posteriorly strongly produced backwards, and bent

downwards at a right angle to the disk of the pronotum; a

broad channel dorsally separates the posterior part of the

band from the disk; the disk of the pronotum anteriorly is

tuberculate, posteriorly with a few deep punctures, posterior

margin dentate. Mesonotum rugose, cribrate-punctate ;

posterior angles tumid, produced, anterior angles depressed

and fitting beneath the posterior angles of the pronotum.—

Metanotum less deeply punctate; posterior angles tumid,

produced. Abdomen rather wider than thorax, finely punc-

tate above and beneath, a narrow anterior zone on each

tergite and sternite impunctate; supra-anal lamina trape-

zoidal, posterior margin slightly reflected. Cerci testaceous.

Total length 27°38 mm.; pronotum 8 xX 10 mm.

Nyika Mts., 6000-7000 feet, Nyasaland (A. Whyte, July

1896).

Type in the British Museum.

The pronotal structure of this species is of great interest,

for whilst anteriorly the lateral bands lie under the disk,

forming a very acute angle with it, as is characteristic of a

typical Baniua, posteriorly they are vertical and form more

or less of a right angle with the disk, as is characteristic of a

typical Pilema. Correlated with this torsion of the lateral

bands is the entire absence of the pronotal gutter or channel

anteriorly, whilst posteriorly it is deep and plainly visible.

The structure illustrates quite clearly that the bending under

the disk of the lateral bands brings about the obliteration of

the gutter; speaking rather metaphorically, the material of

which the pronotum is composed is stretched taut by the

rotation inwards of the lateral bands, so that the fold in the

material disappears; where the rotation is of less extent there

is enough material to form a fold or channel. A diagram-

matic section through the front part of the pronotum of

B. feroz will resemble Pl. 1X. fig. 10, D, but a similar section

through the hinder part will resemble Pl. IX. fig. 10, C.

Genus PILEMA, Sauss.

Pilema mombase, sp.n. (Pl. X. figs. 22, 23.)

9. Piceous, nitid. Head with face rugose and slightly

Genera and Species of Blattide. 167

punctate; eyes very close together; antennz and labrum

castaneous, maxillary palpi rufo-testaceous ; ocelli not visible.

Pronotum above with disk rugose, punctate and anteriorly

tuberculate ; anteriorly obtusely carinate, anterior margin

reflected slightly, lateral bands anteriorly deflected down-

wards, but not so much as in Bantua ferox; the channel

between the disk and the lateral bands wide and shallow;

posteriorly the lateral bands are produced as in Palema

dentata, Sauss. & Zehnt.; posterior margin dentate. Meso-

and metanotum cribrate-punctate, with smooth interspaces

and a median carina, posterior angles slightly produced.

Abdomen not wider than thorax, obsoletely punctate above

and beneath; an anterior zone on each tergite and sternite

impunctate; supra-anal lamina trapezoidal. Cerci and legs

castaneous.

Total length 28 mm.; pronotum 8°53 x 8°9 mm.

Mombasa (1 @ ).

Type in the British Museum.

The species is in its pronotal structure intermediate between

Bantua ferox and typical Pilema.

Genus CYRTOTRIA, Stal.

Stenopilema, Sauss. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, xxxv. p. 87 (1895) ; Sauss.

& Zehnt. Rev. Suisse Zool. iii, p. 25 (1895).

Thysanoblatta, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 880 (1908),

The type of the genus is C. gibbicollis, Stal, and this species

is undoubtedly congeneric with the species included in Steno-

pilema by de Saussure and Zehntner. Thysanoblatta was

founded on a species characterized by an erect pubescence,

but otherwise differing in small details only from typical

species of Stenopilema ; and I have no hesitation in sinking

it as a synonym of Cyrtotria. There has been an excessive

multiplication of genera in this subfamily of Blattide, and

much confusion has resulted therefrom.

The species of Cyrtotria are very difficult to identify from

descriptions, for it is not easy to express in writing the subtle

differences in the form of the pronotum presented by the

different species. I have examined nearly all the types, and

have drawn up a synoptical key to the species, which,

together with the figures, will I hope render the determination

of the species easier than heretofore.

‘T'wo species of the genus, C. latipennis, Kirby, and C. palli-

cornis, Kirby, present a remarkable modification of the

pronotum, which appears to have been overlooked by the

describer. ‘The disk of the pronotum on each side is perfo-

168 Mr. R. Shelford on new

rated by three (latipennis) or two (pallicornis) pores of

relatively large size and semilunar in shape; the tongue of

chitin projecting into the crescentic pores is tuberculate in

pallicornis, but simple in latepennis. It is difficult even to

guess at the function of these pores. Since they occur in

both sexes, it is evident that they are not secondary sexual

structures ; but it is just possible that they are connected

with prothoracic repugnatorial glands, though such have not

yet been shown to occur in the Blattide. The pronotal

integument appears to be double in the region of these pores,

and the pores appear to lead into a cavity existing between

the upper and lower layers, and not to perforate the entire

integument, for a bristle passed through one of them does not

emerge on the ventral side of the pronotum. Without.

dissection it is not possible to be certain as to the relation of

the parts, and the pores may be merely the entrances to

invaginated cavities in the thickness of the pronotal chitin.

Key to the Species.

Males.

J. Pronotum and abdomen with erect pubes-

cence. [E. Africa.)

2. Pronotum with large lateral pores .... latipennis, Kirby. (Brit.

2'. Pronotum without large lateral pores... macra, Stal. (8S. Africa.)

1’. Pronotum and abdomen not pubescent. [boon.)

2. Posterior margin of pronotum dentate . scabricollis, Gerst. (Ga-

2'. Posterior margin of pronotum not den-

tate.

3. Tegmina scarcely exceeding the apex

of the Abdomen 4 wou ck eee gibbicollis, Stal. (Natal.)

3’. Tegmina considerably exceeding the

apex of the abdomen.

4, Small species (total length about [ Africa.)

BB MMM.) : hse Naren ee ee eek poduriformis, Walk. (S.

4', Larger species.

5. Tegmina pale testaceous, casta- [E. Africa, Somaliland.)

neous at base +s leith capucina, Gerst. (Germ.

o'. Tegmina uniform castaneous .. marshall, sp.n. (Rho-

[ desia.)

Females.

1. Body slender, elongate: species of small

size. [ Africa.)

2. Pronotum much longer than broad .... poduriformis, Walk. (8,

2'. Pronotum scarcely longer than broad

or as broad as long. [(Somaliland.)

3. Abdominal segments scabrous...... granger, Sauss. & Zehnt.

3’. Abdominal segments smooth ...... nyaseé, sp.n. (Nyasa-

1’. Body less slender, abdomen sometimes [land.)

ampliated: species of larger size.

2. Pronotum distinctly broader than long.

Genera and Species of Blattide. 169

3. Lateral bands of pronotum narrow,

no pores in pronotal channel...... gibbicollis, Stal. .

3’. Lateral bands of pronotum broader, [vaal.)

two large pores in pronotal channel. pallicornis, Kirby. (Trans-

2'. Pronotum as long as broad or longer

than broad.

3. Lateral bands of pronotum very [Zambesi, Port. E. Africa.)

broad, anterior margin reflected .. jalle, Gig.-Tos. (Upper

3’. Lateral bands narrower.

4, Lateral bands closely adpressed to

Gisk Of pronotnm Gs ena e ee) capucina, Gerst.

4', Lateral bands not closely adpressed

to disk of pronotum.

5. Lower border of lateral bands [desia.)

PuseOUN aie. cea ue oe ai ae as marshalk, sp.n. (Rho-

5’. Lower border of lateral bands [ Africa.)

cine Os ars aie bg ACen rae scabricollis, Gerst. (West

Species of doubtful position.

Perispheria fusca, Burm., and P. gracilis, Burm.

1. Cyrtotria latipennis, Kirby. (PI. X. fig. 21.)

Thysanoblatta latipennis, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 380

(1903).

The following may be added to the original description :—

6. Eyes touching on vertex of head. Palpi, margin of

labrum, ocelli, and base of antenne testaceous. Head

castaneous, punctate. Pronotum coarsely reticulate-punctate,

with some smooth interspaces ; lateral bands rather narrow,

not closely adpressed to disk, channel wide and shallow ;

three large crescentic pores on each side of the disk ; poste

rior margin slightly dentate, anterior margin slightly re-

flected ; disk anteriorly carinate..

Length of body 20°38 mm.; length of tegmina 21 mm.;

pronotum 6°1x 6 mm.

British E. Africa.

Type in the British Museum.

2. Cyrtotria macra, Stal. (Pl. X. fig. 11.)

Ischnoptera macra, Stal, Gify. Vet.-Akad. Férh. xiii. p. 165 (1856),

Derocalymma (Cyrtotria) macra, Stal, 1. c. xxviii. p. 880 (1871).

Description of type-—g. Head castaneous; eyes close

together, their distance apart equal to the breadth of the first

antennal joint. Pronotum reticulate-punctate, with a long’

erect scattered pubescence, pale testaceousincolour. Lateral

bands of pronotum not very broad, closely applied to the disk

channel very narrow. ‘Tegmina hyaline, castaneous at base.

170 Mr. R. Shelford on new

Wings hyaline; ulnar vein 8-ramose, only three of the

branches being complete. Abdomen castaneous, ventrally

with scattered erect pubescence. Legs testaceous, with

scattered erect hairs.

Total length 15°9 mm.; length of body 12 mm. ; length of

tegmina 11°8 mm.; pronotum 3:1 x 3 mm.

Hab. Caffraria (J. Wahlberg).

Type in Stockholm Mus.

This is one of the smallest species of the genus.

3. Cyrtotria gibbicollis, Stal. (Pl. X. fig. 12.)

Ischnoptera gibbicollis, Stal, GEfv. Vet.-Akad. Forh. xiii. p. 165 (1856).

Perispheria elateroides, Walker, Cat. Blatt. Brit. Mus. p. 176 (1868).

Perispheria linearis, Walker, 1. c. p. 176 (1868).

Perispheria cylindrica, Walker, J. c. p. 176 (1868).

Derocalymma (Cyrtotria) gibbicollis, Stal, 1. c. xxviii. p. 380 (1871).

3 (type). Head castaneous ; eyes approximate; mouth-

parts testaceous; antennze infuscated, testaceous at base.

Pronotum as broad as long, coarsely cribrate-punctate, with

smooth interspaces ; castaneous, anteriorly testaceous ; lateral

bands narrow, not very closely adpressed to disk, an anterior

carina. Tegmina not exceeding the body by much, rufo-

castaneous in basal third, remainder flavo-hyaline; veins

testaceous. Wings clear hyaline; ulnar with ten branches,

eight of which are incomplete. Abdomen castaneous, mar-

gined with testaceous ; subgenital lamina irregular, with one

style; cerci flavo-testaceous. Femora and coxe rufo-

castaneous ; tibize and tarsi testaceous.

2 (type). Piceous, nitid, sparsely punctate. Head piceous,

mouth-parts and antenne testaceous. Lateral borders of

pronotum very narrow, scarcely elevated, closely adpressed

to disk; no anterior carina. Abdomen slightly ampliated ;

supra-anal lamina trapezoidal ; cerci very short, flavid ; legs

rufo-castaneous.

¢. Total length 16°38 mm.; length of body 14 mm.;

length of tegmina 14 mm.; pronotum 4°9 x 5 mm.

2. Total length 13 mm.; pronotum 3°5 x 4°5 mm.

Caffraria (J. Wahlberg, types in Stockholm Museum) ;

Natal (elateroides, cylindrica, and linearis, types in British

Museum) ; Colenso (G. Longstaff, Oxford Museum),

I have compared the types of all the species enumerated

in the synonymy, and though at first I was inclined to regard

cylindrica as distinct, | have now come to the conclusion

that it is a fully adult form, whereas gibdicollis was de-

scribed from an incompletely mature form. J have had the

Genera and Species of Blattidee. 171

advantage of examining a very long series of C. capucina,

Gerst., taken by Dr. Y. Sjostedt in the Kilimanjaro district,

and I am convinced that the shape of the abdomen (ampliated

or not ampliated) is a character of no importance in discri-

minating between species of this genus, for it varies with the

age of the insect and is largely affected by the way in which

the specimens are dried or killed. Some of Dr. Sjéstedt’s

examples were almost completely cylindrical, others had the

abdomen distinctly ampliated; yet there could be no doubt

that all were referable to the same species. Similarly, apart

from its size and the shape of the abdomen, C. cylindrica,

Walk., differs in nowise from C. gibbicollis, Stal.

4. Cyrtotria capucina, Gerst. (PI. X. fig. 13.)

Derocalymma capucina, Gerstaecker, Arch. Naturg. xxv. p. 207 (1861) ;

Von der Decken, Reis. in Ost-Afrika, iii. (2) p. 8, pl. i. fig. 4 (1873).

Stenopilema somal, Saussure, Ann. Mus. Genova, xxxv. p. 88 (1895) ;

Saussure and Zenntner, Rev. Suisse Zool. iii. p. 27 (1895).

To be distinguished from C. gibbicollis, Stal, by the an-

tenne testaceous at the base, by the proportions and shape of

the pronotum, the lateral bands of which are broader and

anteriorly are more separated from the disk. I have

examined the type of C. somali, Sauss., which proves to be

identical with Gerstaecker’s species.

2. Total length 18-18°5 mm.; pronotum 5X5 mm.

The male will be described in a forthcoming memoir on

the Blattide of Mt. Kilimanjaro.

Hab. German Kast Africa, Mt. Kilimanjaro, and Somali-

land.

Type of capucina in the Berlin Museum ; type of somali

in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa.

5. Cyrtotria pallicornis, Kirby. (Pl. X. fig. 16.)

Stenopilema pallicornis, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 290

(1900).

The following may be added to the original description :—

9. Piceous, nitid, cribrate-punctate. Head and antenne

castaneous, mouth-parts rufo-castaneous. Pronotum slightly

broader than long; lateral bands narrow, slightly elevated,

not closely adpressed to disk ; pronotal channel wide; two

large crescentic pores, close together, on each side of the

disk ; posterior angles produced, disk anteriorly carinate.

Abdomen less strongly punctate than the thorax. Coxe and

femora piceous ; tibize rufo-castaneous ; tarsi testaceous.

172 Mr’ Ro Shelford on wep

Total length 13 mm.; pronotum 4°5 x6 mm.

Pretoria (W. L. Distant); Zoutpansberg, Transvaal (J. P.

Cregoe).

Type in the British Museum.

6. Cyrtotria poduriformis, Wlk. (Pl. X. fig. 14.)

Perispheria poduriformis, Walker, Cat, Blatt. Brit. Mus. p. 175 (1868).

Perispheria poduroides, Walker, J. c. p. 175 (1868) (larva).

Stenopilema macilenta, Saussure and Zehntuer, Rey. Suisse Zool. iii.

p- 26, pl. i. fig. 38 (1895).

I have compared the types of poduriformis and macilenta,

and find them to be identical; poduroides is a larva. It is

possible that the species is the same as gracilis, Burm., but I

cannot be certain on this point without consulting Bur-

meister’s type. The small size, narrow cylindrical shape,

the somewhat flattened pronotum, much longer than broad

and with the lateral bands adpressed to the disk at the base

only, are the chief characters of this species. I append a

description of what I consider to be the male of this species :—

6. Rufo-castaneous. Head castaneous, distance apart of

eyes equal to breadth of first antennal joint. Pronotum

coarsely cribrate-punctate, with a few smooth interspaces,

carinate throughout its length, lateral bands not closely

adpressed to the disk ; posterior angles not produced, anterior

and posterior margin slightly reflexed. A very fine, short,

erect pubescence on the disk of the pronotum. Tegmina

considerably exceeding the apex of the abdomen, paler towards

apex. Abdomen castaneous beneath, except at base, which

is testaceous. Legs and cerci testaceous.

Total length 37°5 mm.; length of body 15 mm.; length

of tegmina 15 mm. 3; pronotum 4x3 mm.

Damaraland; Natal ; Cape Colony.

3 type in the Oxford Museum; 2? type of podurtformis in

British Museum ; ? type of macilenta in Geneva Museum.

7. Cyrtotria graniger, Sauss. & Zehnt.

Stenopilema graniger, Saussure and Zehntner, Rev. Suisse Zool. iii.

p- 26 (1895).

I do not know where the type of this species has been

deposited ; it is not in the Geneva Museum. The key to the

species shows how graniger may be distinguished from its

ally podurtformis.

Genera and Species of Blattide. 173

8. Cyrtotria marshalli, sp.n. (Pl. X. fig. 15.)

3. Castaneous. Head piceous; ocelli, basal joint of

antennse, and mouth-parts testaceous. Eyes approximated.

Pronotum as long.as broad, punctate and rugulose ; anterior

margin scarcely reflected ; lateral bands narrow, not adpressed

to the disk of the pronotum, posterior margin slightly

elevated, posterior angles not produced. Tegmina not ex-

ceeding body by much, apical half hyaline suffused with

castaneous; veins fuscous. Wings hyaline, anterior part

suffused slightly with castaneous; ulnar vein with nine

branches, only three of which reach the apex of the wing.

Abdomen above testaceous at base, becoming castaneous

towards apex, beneath castaneous; supra-anal lamina sub-

quadrate, angles rounded, subgenital lamina produced, irre-

gular, margined with testaceous; one style. [Cerci muti-

lated.] Legs rufo-castaneous.

2. Piceous, nitid, cribrately punctate. Head piceous,

mouth-parts castaneous. Pronotum with lateral bands

moderately broad, not adpressed to disk of pronotum, anterior

margin scarcely reflected, pronotal channel broad and shallow,

posterior angles produced, disk anteriorly with a slight keel.

Abdomen posteriorly slightly ampliated. Coxe piceous ;

femora and tibive castaneous.

3. Total length 26 mm,; length of body 22°5 mm. ;

length of tegmina 20 mm. ; pronotum 5x5 mm.

2. Total length 22 mm.; pronotum 6x6 mm.

Salisbury, Rhodesia (G. A. K. Marshall),3 g g andl @.

Types (g and 9) in the Oxford Museum.

Allied to C. poduriformis, but differs, inter alia, by its

much larger size.

9. Cyrtotria nyase, sp. n. (Pl. X. fig. 17.)

?. Piceous, nitid, narrow and cylindrical. Head casta-

neous, with very few punctures; eyes wide apart; palpi and

margin of labrum testaceous. ‘Thorax cribrate-punctate,

abdominal segments smooth. Pronotum rounded and very

convex ; lateral bands rather broad, closely adpressed to disk,

slightly produced backwards, anterior margin not reflected ;

disk not carinate. Supra-anal lamina rounded; _ posterior

margin reflected, punctate. Legs and cerci testaceous.

Total length 15 mm.; pronotum 4:2x4 mm.

Nyasaland (A. Whyte).

Type in the British Museum.

174. Mr. R. Shelford on new

The blunt convex pronotum makes this an easily recog~=

nizable species.

10. Cyrtotria jalle, Giglio-Tos. (Pl. X. fig. 19.)

Stenoptlema jalle, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Torino, xxii. no. 563, p. 4

(1907).

Upper Zambesi (Jalla) ; Portuguese Hast Africa (Swyn-

nerton) ; Rhodesia (Deutsche Ent. Nat. Mus.).

Type in the Turin Museum.

The species is distinguished by the strongly reflected

anterior margin of the pronotum, which is continuous with

the lateral bands, so that these are connected with each other,

when viewed from the ventral side. The lateral bands of the

pronotum are bent down anteriorly at more than a right ©

angle to the disk.

11. Cyrtotria scabricollis, Gerst.

(Pl. X. figs. 18, 24.)

Derocalymma (Cyrtotria) scabricollis, Gerstaecker, Mitt. Ver. Vorpomm.

xiy. p. 34 (1888).

Gaboon (Buchholz) ; Cameroons (Conradt).

This, the only West-African representative of the genus,

can be distinguished by the rugose and tuberculate pronotum

with reflected and dentate posterior margin in the male and

the dentate lower margin of the lateral bands in the female.

The following is a description of the female :—

Piceous. Head castaneous, finely punctate. Antenne

testaceous at base, remainder castaneous. Pronotum coarsely

tuberculate and punctate, anterior margin reflected; lateral

bands finely tuberculate, rather broad, anteriorly bent down

at more than a right angle to the disk, not closely adpressed

to disk, the pronotal channel being wide and shallow, poste-

riorly produced, their lower border dentate; from the ventral

aspect the lateral bands are seen to be in communication with

each other anteriorly, as in C. jalle, Gig.-‘l'os; disk carinate,

posterior margin dentate. Meso- and metanotum carinate,

punctate, and with a few tubercles. Abdomen very finely

punctate.

Total length 16 mm.; pronotum 4°9x4 mm. ; pronotum,

3,44x4 mm. ;

g type in Greifswald Museum; ¢ type in Deutsche

Entomologische National Museum.

Genera and Species of Blattidee. 175

Genus PLATYSILPHA, nov.

Allied to Derocalymma, Burm., but much broader, pro-

notum about twice broader than long. @ with tegmina

reduced, quadrate, extending to the middle of the second

abdominal tergite, marginal field very broad. Wings rudi-

mentary. Meso- and metanotum only half the breadth of the

pronotum, and first abdominal segment narrower than second ;

subgenital lamina transverse; styles absent. @ very like

@ of Derocalymma, but broader and oval.

Type. Perispheria murina, Walk.

The male of this species, when the tegmina are removed,

presents the remarkable outline shown in the figure, suggesting

that the flattened broad insect has developed from a narrow

form such as Derocalymma porcellio, Gerst., the mesonotum,

metanotum, and first abdominal segment retaining the primi-

tive narrowness. ‘The marginal fields of the tegmina have

broadened relatively much more than the discoidal field, and

it is these which fill the gap between the posterior margin of

the pronotum and second abdominal tergite ; the tegmina are

capable of only the most restricted movement outwards, and

in the living insects are doubtless never moved at all.

In the female, owing to the absence of tegmina, the thoracic

and abdominal segments are all equally broad; it is the

broadening of the tegmina in the male which appears to have

prevented the broadening of the segments that they cover.

Platysilpha murina, Walk. (Pl. X. fig. 20.)

Perispheria murina, Walker, Cat. Blatt. Brit. Mus. p. 178 (1868).

&. Fuscous, with fine scale-like pubescence above. Head

and antennee piceous ; eyes approximated. Pronotum poste-

riorly truncate ; posterior angles acute, disk cucullate, margins

lamellar, anteriorly slightly carinate. Scutellum prominent.

Tegmina castaneous, rugose, posteriorly emarginate, radial

vein beneath prominent, keeled. Wings shorter than

tegmina, infuscated. Hight abdominal tergites visible, first

to sixth divided by a transverse suture into a broad anterior

portion and a narrow posterior portion ; posterior angles of

all the tergites produced. Supra-anal lamina quadrate.

Cerci very short. Abdomen beneath piceous, nitid ; sternites

failing to reach lateral margins owing to overlapping of the

tergites ; subgenital lamina transverse. Legs piceous.

?. Similar to g, but with a rust-red pubescence above ;

mesonotum, metanotum, and first abdominal segment not

coarctate. Subgenital lamina ample. )

176 On new Genera and Species of Blattide.

3. Length of body 22 mm.; tegmina 7x7 mm.; pro-

notum 7x12 mm.

9. Length of body 27 mm.; pronotum 9x18 mm.

K. Africa (British Museum) [type 9]; Petauke, East

Loangwa district, N.E. Rhodesia (Oxford Museum), 3 ¢ 6,

4 9 9,8. A. Neave Coll.

I have no information as to the habits in life of this species,

but I imagine that it, like the allied species of Derocalymma,

is found under stones. This mode of life in numerous cases

induces a flattened form with reduction of the tegmina; the

broadening and flattening of the body may be observed,

though to a less extent, in such species as Temnopteryx

phalerata, Sauss., and Heminaupheta sakalava, Sauss. &

Zehntn. ; in these species also the tegmina are reduced and

quadrate, and the constriction of the body in the middle has

also occurred to a certain extent, and one may assume that

it is correlated with the broadening of the reduced tegmina.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE IX.

Fig. 1. Pronotum of Protagonista lugubris, sp.n. X 3.

Fig. 2. Supra-anal lamina of ¢ of Protagonista borneensis, sp. n.

Fig. 8. Right tegmen of Cardax willeyi, gen. et sp. n. X 10. r=

radial vein; w=ulnar vein; a.w=anterior ulnar vein; p.w=

posterior ulnar vein; m=median vein; a=anal vein; ar=

axillary vein; d= dividing vein.

Fig. 4. Right wing of ditto.

Fig. 5. Mandible of ditto.

Fig. 6. Maxilla of ditto.

. Apex of abdomen of Ischnoptera longstaffi, g (dorsal view).

. Wing of Anaplecta erythronota, sp. n.

. Diagrammatic transverse sections through pronota of Blattidee.

A, typical Blattid ; B, Pronaonota; C, Pilema; D, Bantua ;

E, Derocalymma. a=disk of pronotum; 6=lateral wings

or lateral bands ; c=typical carine ; d=dorsal carive.

Fig. 7. Tibia (outer aspect) of ditto.

PLATE X.

Fig. 11. Pronotum of Cyrtotria macra, Stal, ¢, dorsal and lateral views.

x 4. :

Fig. 12. Pronotum of Cyrtotria gibbicollis, Stal, 9, dorsal and lateral

views. X 4. :

Fig. 18. Pronotum of Cyrtotria capucina, Gerst., 2, three-quarter,

ventral, and lateral views. xX 3.

Fig. 14. Pronotum of Cyrtotrea poduriformis, Wlk., ° , dorsal and lateral

views. X 4.

Fig. 15. Pronotum of Cyrtotria marshalli, sp. n., 2, three-quarter view.

Fig. 16. Pronotum of Cyrtotria pallicornas, Kirby, 9, three-quarter view

On a new Oribi from British East Africa. 177

Fig. 17. Pronotum of Cyrtotria nyase, sp. n., 2, dorsal and lateral views.

x 4.

Fig. 18. Pronotum of Cyrtotria scabricollis, Gerst., g, dorsal and lateral

views, X 4,

Fig. 19. Pronotum of Cyrtotria jalle, Gig.-Tos, 9, ventral and three-

quarter views. X 3.

Fig. 20. Platysilpha murina, Walk., 3, left tegmen removed and shown

from beneath. xX 1d.

Fig. 21. Pronotum of Cyrtotria latipennis, Kirby, 3, three-quarter view.

eo:

Fig. 22. Pronotum of Pilema mombase, sp.n., 9, dorsal view. xX 3.

Fig. 23. Ditto, ditto, lateral view. xX 3.

Fig. 24, Pronotum of Cyrtotria scabricullis, Gerst., 2, dorsal and

lateral views. X 4.

Fig. 25. Thorax of Bantua ferox, sp.n., 2, dorsal view. xX 3.

XXVIT.—On a new Oribi obtained by Major Powell-Cotton

in British Hast Africa. By OLDFIELD THOMAS and R. C.

WROUGHTON.

THE Natural History Museum has recently received from

Major Powell-Cotton some specimens of Oribi for identifica-

tion. Amongst them are several from the Guas-ngeshu

Plateau, EK. of Mt. Elgon, which appear to us to represent a

new species.

Lhe material available for comparison in the Museum,

though scanty, seems to indicate that North-eastern Africa

(2. e. north of Equator and east of 25°) contains four already-

known forms, viz.:—(1) O. montana, Cretzschm., in Abys-

sinia and the Soudan, occupying the whole area down to

5° N. latitude, and distinguishable by its short slight horns ;

(2) O. haggardi, Thos., on the coast; (3) O. kenyc, Meinerzh.,

round Mt. Kenya; and (4) O. goslingi, Thos. & Wrought.,

from the Welle Basin.

Of these O. kenye, by its black tail and narrow preorbital

fossa, shows unmistakable affinity with the more southern

form O. hastata, Peters, from Mozambique; and O. haggardi

differs from all the rest by its shallow skull and by the com-

pression of its horns posteriorly so as to make a more or less

distinctly marked longitudinal ridge.

From O. montana the present species is at once separable

by its long stout horns, while from OQ. goslingi it ditfers in

wanting the black blaze on the face which is so characteristic

of that animal.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 12

178 ‘Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

Ourebia cottoni, sp. n.

About the size of O. gosling?.

Fur rather longer than in O. goslingt (25 mm. against —

20 in the latter species).

General colour above paler and brighter, tawny fading to

buff on the flanks, while in the western species it is a dark

clay-colour fading to ochraceous. Individual hairs of the

back drab for basal two thirds, buff for the remainder, with

minute black tips; in O. goslingt they are pale smoke-grey

below, dark brown distally, broken by a bright buff ring

below the black point. The dark frontal blaze so charac-

teristic of the latter species almost entirely absent in

O. cottont. Tail very short (30 mm.), less than one third the

length of that of O. gosling?. Horns stout and well-ridged,

as in the Welle species, but not equalling those of

O. haggardi.

Skull broader and stouter, shorter in front of the orbits

(nasals 60 mm., as compared with 70 mm. in O. goslingt).

Dimensions :-—

‘Height at shoulder 23'; girth 21”; total length, nostrils

to tip of tail, 443”, Weight, whole, 38 lbs.”

Tail, dried, 30 mm.

Skull: greatest length 170 mm.; basilar length 146;

greatest width 80; length of rostrum in front of orbit 89;

length of nasals 60; length of frontals 50; interorbital

_ breadth 57; bulle 20.

Hab. Surgoi Rock, Guas-ngishu Plateau, 1° N. lat.,

35° E. long. Alt. 7000).

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 7. 12. 29. 1. Original

number 240. Killed 15th August, 1902. Collected and

presented by Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.

XX VIII.—WNotes on the Coleopterous Genus Oniticellus and

Descriptions of some new Species from India. By GILBERT

J. ARROW.

ALTHOUGH the Madagascan species are now excluded from

the genus Oniticellus, its geographical distribution is still

peculiar and many of the species are very abundant and

wide-ranging. ‘This is the case with several of the European

species, whose correct nomenclature is in some disorder owing

to the imperfect knowledge of their distribution and of the

Coleopterous Genus Oniticellus. 179

original types of the species possessed by the authors of

works dealing with the Kuropean Coleoptera. The recently

published edition of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise’s Catalogue

enumerates five species of Onittcellus, viz., O. festivus, Steven,

pallipes, Fabr., pallens, Oliv., speciosus, Costa, and fulvus,

Goeze.

Mr. C. O. Waterhouse, in the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(7) ii, 1898, p. 75, expressed doubt as to the correct identi-

fication of O. pallipes, Fabr., and Mulsant had long before

(Coléopt. de France, Lamell. 1842, p. 98) expressed a doubt

whether the European species so long known as O. pallipes

was correctly so called, but the question has never advanced

beyond the stage of conjecture. A careful comparison estab-

lishes the entire distinctness of the two forms. 0. pallipes

was described from a specimen from Coromandel now in the

British Museum and is a species which I have seen from all

parts of India, but from nowhere outside that area. The

European species has a general resemblance to it, but is

decidedly larger, much more shining, and more strongly and

closely punctured upon the prothorax. Its range is from

Arabia, Persia, and Turkestan, by the northern shore of the

Mediterranean to Italy and the south of France. It has

many times been carefully described, but as no existing name

is available, I propose to call it

Oniticellus nitidicollis, sp. u.

For my type I have selected a specimen from Sardinia in the

British Museum.

The type specimen of O. pallipes, Fabr., is a male of a

form of which I have seen only two other examples, one

from Karachi and the other from Madura. In this form the

three carine upon the head are less strong than in the

ordinary form, the external one is at the extreme margin of

the clypeus, and the innermost one is gently curved and not

angulated. ‘The specimens were taken in the same localities

as males of the common form and are exactly like the latter

in all other respects, so that I consider them to represent

only a sexual aberration. In a later description in the Syst.

Eleuth. p. 63, Fabricius has added, as male characters, a

diagnosis of the horned form, which is really the female, an

error which has been repeatedly made since.

O. speciosus, Costa, is described by its author as a rare

Calabrian species. In the European Catalogue O. nasicornis,

Reiche, is given as a synonym of it, but although I have seen

no European specimens it is evident from the figure and

description that it 1s not that species, but O. intermedius,

ize

180 Mr. G. J. Arrow on the

Reiche, which is often mistaken for it. O. nasicornis, Reiche

(of which also we have the type), is a species which I have

seen only from Abyssinia, but O. intermedius is abundant

throughout a large part of Africa and may therefore cross

the Mediterranean. Reiche’s species, however, were described |

in 1847, while Costa’s descriptions are dated 1849, so that

the name of speciosus is a synonym of intermedius, Reiche.

Mr. Péringuey, in his ‘ Catalogue of the Lamellicornia of

South Africa,’ has incorrectly described this species under

the name of O. nasicornis, Reiche.

O. pallens, Oliv., ranges from N.W. India across Arabia

to Somaliland, and thence through Northern Africa into

Corsica.

O. fulvus, Goeze, has a wide distribution in Europe

and extends as far east as Turkestan and as far south as

Algeria.

O. festivus, Steven, is a rare and peculiar species found in

Asia Minor and the Caucasus.

The Oriental Onzticellus vertagus, Fabr., has been many

times described. The type of Fabricius’s description is a

female. ‘The male was first described by Erichson as O. bi-

furcatus and again by White as O. bifurcalis. Overlooking

all these earlier descriptions, Fairmaire described both sexes

in 1891 as O. pictesternum and two years later as O. tonkineus,

taking in the first case a well-developed male and in the

second case an imperfectly developed one for his type.

__ The following new species of this genus are in the British

Museum.

Oniticellus indicus, sp. n.

Niger; antennis, femoribus, prothoracis angulis anticis, elytrorum

apicibus, pygidio corporeque subtus plus minusve testaceis ; pro-

thorace fortiter punctato, late canaliculato; elytris sulcatis,

interstitiis modice convexis, minute irregulariter punctatis,

¢. Capite late carinato, carina medio obtusa, angulis acute dentata ;

prothorace medio elevato, antice obtuse trituberculato,

@. Capite leviter bicarinato ; prothorace antice obsolete carinato.

Long. 7-10°5 mm.; lat. max. 4-6 mm.

Hab, 8. India, Malabar, Anamalai Hills, Nilgiri Hills

(3000-6000 feet).

Found in dung by Capt. A. K. W. Downing and Mr. H. L.

Andrewes.

Black and moderately shining, with the lower surface,

femora, antenna, front angles of the pronotum, the apices of

the elytra, and the pygidium more or less testaceous. The

clypeus is punctured and its front margin barely sinuated.

Coleopterous Genus Oniticellus. 181

The prothorax is transverse, rather strongly punctured and

lightly channelled along the middle. The elytra are sulcate,

with the interstices convex and finely irregularly punctured.

The pygidium and lower surface of the abdomen are opaque.

g. The head is armed with a transverse carina occupying

the whole width between the eyes, produced a little upwards

and outwards at each end and very obtusely toothed in the

middle. The prothorax is elevated into a broad hump,

nearly straight in front, but forming a blunt tubercle on each

side and with the anterior declivity smooth and _ nearly

perpendicular. There is a large rounded depression in each

front angle. |

?. The clypeus is more strongly and closely punctured,

there is a curved anterior carina and a nearly straight

posterior one. The prothorax has a slight blunt carina a

little behind the front margin.

This species is allied to O. femoratus, Illig., but larger and

relatively broader, with the elytra less broadly and deeply

sulcate and the intervals broader and more opaque. In the

male the angles of the cephalic carina are much more pointed.

Oniticellus affinis, sp. n.

Niger; capite leviter senescente, antennis, femoribus, prothoracis

angulis anticis, elytrorum apicibus, pygidio corporeque subtus

testaceis ; clypeo prothoraceque crebre punctatis, hoc medio

sulcato; elytris striatis, interstitiis convexis, minute et irregula-

riter punctatis; pygidio abdomineque opacis.

3. Capite late carinato, carine summa fere rectilinea, angulis extus

acute productis ; prothorace medio elevato, antice breviter obtuse

producto.

@. Capite bicarinato ; prothorace antice vix carinato,

Long. 8-9 mm. ; lat. max. 4°5-5 mm.

Hab. Manipur, Tavoy (Burma) ; Renong (Siam).

This species is black and moderately shining, with the

head and anterior part of the prothorax slightly metallic, and

the antenne, the femora, the anterior angles of the pronotum,

the apical margins of the elytra, the pygidium and lower

surface of the body testaceous. The clypeus is very finely

punctured, the prothorax strongly and closely punctured and

longitudinally sulcate at the middle. ‘The elytra are sub-

opaque and sulcate, with the interstices minutely and incon-

spicuously punctured and the alternate ones a little more’

convex.

g. ‘he head is armed with a broad carina, which is pro-

duced ,outwards at the angles, but nearly straight at the

182 On the Coleopterous Genus Oniticellus.

summit. The prothorax is elevated into a dorsal hump

produced bluntly forwards and very minutely notched in

front.

?. There are two carine on the head, but none on the |

pronotum.

This is exceedingly like the first-described species, but a

little smaller, relatively narrower, and more finely punctured.

The cephalic carina of the male is not toothed in the middle

and the thoracic hump is narrower and scarcely bituberculate

in front.

Oniticellus modestus, sp. 0.

Fusco-ferrugineus, opacus, metasterni medio pedibusque sat nitidis ;

capite cupreo-nigro prothoracisque medio fusco, nonnunquam

vage cupreo: sat elongatus, depressus, toto inermis; capite

emarginato, irregulariter punctato; prothorace densissime punc-

tato, postice leviter sulcato ; elytris striatis, minute granulatis,

apicibus pygidioque setiferis.

2. Clypeo paulo magis producto, tibiis anticis fortius dentatis.

Long. 5°5-7°5 mm. ; lat. max. 3-4 mm.

Hab. 8. India, Belgaum, Calicut.

Dull opaque ferruginous brown, with the legs and the

middle of the metasternum shining, the head slightly coppery,

and the prothorax vaguely darker at the middle and some-

times feebly metallic. The body is elongate and very flat

above, and there is no armature of any kind in either sex.

‘The head has intermixed coarse and fine punctures and the

clypeus is gently emarginate in front. The pronotum is

densely, and at the side rugosely, punctured, and there is a

lightly impressed longitudinal line at the middle of the basal

half. The sides and base are gently and continuously

rounded and the front angles very blunt. The elytra are

finely striated and the interstices flat and minutely granulated.

The elytra near the extremities and the pygidium are

furnished with short stiff bristles, and the metasternum is

strongly punctured. The front tibis are armed with four

strong teeth.

The female has the clypeus a little produced and the front

tibiz rather broader and more strongly toothed.

In some of the species of Onitecellus the more pronounced

sexual characters, contrary to the general rule, are those of

’ the female sex, and certain authors have therefore described

the females as males. I have proved by dissection that the

sexes of the present species are correctly discriminated.

This species seems to be the southern representative of the

On the Serows and Gorals. 183

North Indian Oniticellus imbellis, Bates, and was named by

Reiche O. fuscopunctatus, F.; but by the kindness of

Dr. Adam Béving, of Copenhagen, who has made for me an

excellent drawing of the Fabrician type specimen, I am able

to state that that is a species of Onthophagus, very much

smaller and entirely unlike the insect here described. Reiche

is responsible also for the manuscript name “ modestus, Dej.,”

which I have adopted.

Oniticellus modestus is closely related to the African

O. spinipes, Roth, for which Mr. Péringuey has formed a new

genus Tinitocellus, which he has widely separated from

Oniticellus by reason of his counting only eight joints in the

antenna. This isan error, for there are nine joints, and these

species cannot be separated from O. cinctus, F., planatus,

Lap., formosus, Chev., &c.

I may take this opportunity of noting that Mr. Péringuey

has incorrectly given the last-named species as a synonym

of the §.-African O. pictus, Hausm. 0. formosus, Chev., is

a West-African insect, larger than O. pictus and differing

in the form of the clypeus and other respects.

XXIX.—On the Generic Names of the Rupicaprine Ruminants

known as Serows and Gorals. By R. I. Pocock, Superin-

tendent of the Zoological Society’s Gardens.

THE rupicaprine ruminants commonly known as Serows and

Gorals were first dismembered from the genus Antilope by

Hamilton Smith in 1827 (Griffith’s An. Kingdom, v. p. 352).

This author grouped under the subgenus Nemorhedus* the

three species sumatrensis, Shaw, duvaucelit, H. Sm., and

goral, Hardw. One of these must be the type of Naemorhedus.

In 1834 Hodgson (P. Z. 8. 1834, p. 85) adopted Nemo-

rhedus for the same species, with the addition of the Nepalese

form described by himself as thar. Although clearly recog-

nizing that the four species ought to be affiliated in pairs,

N. goral and NV. duvaucelit forming a group apart from

NV. sumatrensis and LV. thar, Hodgson himself did not divide

Nemorhedus into two genera or subgenera, nor select one of

the species as its type.

The next writer to deal systematically with the question,

namely Ogilby (P. Z. 8. 1836, p. 138), pointed out that

* I preserve the original spelling of the name throughout this paper,

and ignore the emendations that have been proposed.

184 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

goral and thar are generically distinct. For the former he

introduced the genus Kemas, for the latter Capricornis,

entirely setting Nemorhedus aside. Now Kemas, or, rather,

Cemas, had been previously used by Oken (Lehrb. Zool. 11.

p. 727, 1816) for a series of antelopes of which goral was not

one. Hence, if it be maintained that Kemas and Cemas are,

strictly speaking, the same names, gora/ cannot be the type

of Kemas. If, on the other hand, the difference in the forma-

tion of the initial letters ‘‘K”’ and “C’”’ be regarded as a

sufficient reason for considering the names different, goral

might be the type of Kemas, and some other antelope, say

gnu, according to Messrs. Sclater and Thomas’s selection

(‘ Book of Antelopes,’ i. pt. u. p. 93, 1895), the type of

Cemas*. Since Ogilby quotes no authorities for any of the

genera cited in his paper, it is impossible to say whether he

was aware of Oken’s use and spelling of the name or not.

Ogilby, indeed, left the matter in a most perplexing and

unsatisfactory state, on account of his disregard of the claims

of Nemorhedus, which, by the law of priority, must supersede

either Kemas or Capricornis. This appears to me to be

clearly a case where the decision of the next reviser, if

lawfully made, should be adhered to. This was Gray.

When he published his ‘ List of Mammals in the British

Museum’ in 18437, the generic nomenclature of the group

stood as follows :—

Nemorhedus, containing sumatrensis, duvaucelit, goral.

_ Kemas, sa) goral,

Capricornis, if thar (=bubalina).

Now Gray followed Ogilby in admitting the two genera

defined by that author as Kemas and Capricornis. He

reserved Capricornis for thar (=bubalina) and adopted

Nemorhedus for goral and sumatrensis. His association of

these two species was apparently due to his being acquainted

only with the horns of sumatrensis, ‘This mistake, however,

in nowise affects the fact that he dropped Kemas, Ogilby, as

a synonym of Nemorhedus and did not drop Capricornis.

His reason for this was quite obvious and natural and wise,

namely, that Kemas was, in his opinion, preoccupied as

Cemas, Oken (see p. xxvl of the introduction to the List

* This selection can, I imagine, only hold good if the type of Cemas

had not been previously fixed by elimination.

+ In 1841 (Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, p. 913) Hodgson referred goral and

thar to ‘‘ Nemorhedus vel Kemas.” But since he thus merely reverts to

his original view as to the two species being congeneric, his paper does

not affect the question at issue. .

Generic Names of the Serows and Gorals. 185

Mamm. in B. M.). But, whatever the reason for his action

may have been, I do not see how his decision, since the choice

rested with him, can possibly be set on one side. In his

subsequent works (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 232,

1846; List Ost. Spec. in B. M. 1847, p. 57; P. Z. 8. 1850,

pp. 185-136; and Cat. Mamm. Ung. iil. pp. 110-114, 1852)

he confirmed his verdict and brougiit his system into con-

formity with modern views. He correctly withdrew suma-

trensis from Nemorhedus, ranged it with thar (=bubalina)

under Capricornis, and left goral with duvaucelit as its

synonym as the sole representative of Nemorhedus.

It was subsequently stated by Jerdon (‘Mammals of

India,’ 1867, p. 283), and, following him, by W. L. Sclater

(Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. p. 147, 1891), that sumatrensis is

the type of Nemorhedus. I can find no evidence for, much

less proof of, the truth of this statement. If true it would

invalidate Gray’s nomenclature. Since it appears to be

unfounded, I see no escape from the adoption of that author’s

settlement of the question.

Of authors who succeeded Gray, some—like Horsfield

(P. Z. S. 1856, p. 403), Adams (P. Z. 8. 1858, pp. 522-523),

and Blyth (Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. p. 174, 1863, and Burma

List, p. 46, 1875)—followed his nomenclature ; others—like

Turner (P. Z. S. 1850, p. 173), Jerdon, M.-Edwards (Rech.

Mamm. 1868-1874), and W. L. Sclater—reverted to the

original view of H. Smith and Hodgson that the Gorals and

Serows are congeneric and to be entitled Nemorhedus.

In 1891, however, Dr. Blanford (Mamm. Brit. India,

pp. 513 & 516) pointed out that Ogilby was right in sepa-

rating the two, and, agreeing apparently with Jerdon that

sumatrensis was the type of Namorhedus, he adopted the

inadmissible name Cemas for the Gorals and Nemorhedus

for the Serows, entirely ignoring Gray’s previous settlement

of the question. Without further inquiry into the matter,

Trouessart adopted Blanford’s view (Cat. Mamm. i. p. 964,

1898), merely compromising the question by classifying the

species under Nemorhedus with Kemas and Nemorhedus

(s. s.) as subgenera.

In 1900 Mr. Lydekker (‘ Great and Small Game of India,’

p. 136) complicated the subject still further by following

Blanford, but with the substitution of Urotragus for Cemas, on

the grounds of the inadmissibility of Cemas or Kemas for

the Gorals. This system of nomenclature was adopted by

Trouessart in 1905 (Cat. Mamm., Suppl. p. 734), and it

reappears in the second edition of Mr. Lydekker’s above-

quoted work published in 1907. Urotragus, it should be’

186 Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

explained, was a generic name proposed by Gray in 1871 for

the long-tailed Chinese Goral described as Antilope caudata

by A. Milne-Edwards. This species, however, is not usually

admitted to be generically distinct from the Himalayan form.

Although it has been suggested to me that Kemas of

Ogilby should be regarded as a different name from Cemas of

Oken because of the optical and, to those who pronounce the

initial “ C’” as a sibilant, phonetic differences between “ C”

and “ kK,” I nevertheless agree with Gray, and, following

him, with Mr. Lydekker and M. Trouessart, that “ C” and

‘“‘k” in this and analogous cases must be looked upon as

identical letters.

But, whatever the ultimate verdict on this point may be,

Kemas cannot, in my opinion, be reserved for the-Gorals,

because of Gray’s decision to call these animals Nemorhedus.

And this action on the part of Gray similarly disposes of the

claims of Urotragus to generic recognition so long as caudatus,

the type of Urotragus, is regarded, as I think it should be,

as congeneric with goral, the type of Naemorhedus.

In 1894 Heude (Hist. Nat. Chinois, 11. pp. 222 & 234)

followed Ogilby’s nomenclature, adopting Capricornis and

Kemas, which he characterized ; but in 1898 (op. cit. iv.

pp. 18-14) he broke up Capricornis as follows :—

1, Capricornis for thar, chrysochates, fargesianus, longi-

cornis, brachyrhinus, nasutus.

2. Nemotragus, nov., for erythropygius, platyrhinus, cornu-

tus, ungulosus, microdonticus, argyrochetes.

3. Lithotragus, nov., for maritumus, rocherianus, benetianus,

marcolinus, berthelianus.

4. Capricornulus, nov., for crispus, pryerianus, saxicola.

5. Austritragus, nov., for sumatrensis.

It is quite beyond my purpose, if it was within my power,

to deal with these so-called species* ; and the adoption by

* With the exception of thar, crispus, and swmatrensis, thenamesenume-

rated above were applied by Heude to what he believed to be new species

inhabiting China and Japan. With regard to the Chinese forms, I find it

impossible to believe that they should rank as “ species ” in the ordinarily

accepted sense of the word. Probablya subspecific value should be assigned

to some of them, possibly a higher value to a few. Many of the features,

again, upon which the “species” rest may be attributable to differences

of age or of sex or of season, or to individual variation irrespective of such

conditions. It is impossible to say, the provokingly involved and verbose

nature of the text making the attempt to clear up the questions raised

one upon which few will attempt to embark without localized material.

Nevertheless, it must be admitted that the papers of Heude have a certain

value and interest, inasmuch as the observations they record substantiate

Generic Names of the Serows and Gorals. 187

Heude of Ogilby’s generic names does not affect the question

as to what is the type of Nemorhedus, except in so far as

his use of the name Capricornis may silence those who might

otherwise maintain that this name should be dropped on the

grounds of its failure to receive recognition at the hands of

modern writers.

The following is a list of the generic names that have been

proposed for the Serows and Gorals. Since it is desirable

that every generic name, whether admitted at the present

time or not, should be definitely assigned to a particular species

as its type, I have, without prejudice, selected a type for each

of those proposed by Heude. Only one of these, however,

namely Capricornulus, has, in my opinion, any claim to

recognition, Lithotragus, Nemotragus, and Austritragus being

complete synonyms of Capricornis. Capricornulus may,

perhaps, be admitted on the grounds that the lacrymal bone

forms a very short union with the nasal in the typical species

crispus, which in this particular approaches Nemorhedus and

differs from Capricornis.

Nemorhedus, H. Smith, 1827. Type by Gray’s revision of

1843 and 1846 gora/, Hardwicke.

Capricornis, Ogilby, 1836. Type ab initio thar, Hodgson *.

Kemas, Ogilby, 1836. Type ab initio goral, Hardwicke.

Urotragus, Gray, 1871. Type ab initio caudatus, M.-Edwards.

Austritragus, Heude, 1898. Type ab initio sumatraensis,

Bechstein f.

Capricornulus, Heude, 1898. Type by selection crispus,

Temm.

the fact that considerable variation in the colour of the pelage, the struc-

ture of the skull, and the size and shape of the horns exists in specimens

of Capricornis and Nemorhedus occurring in the Chinese area. And

however much one may secretly sympathize with the omission of the

generic and specific names Heude proposed from Zoological Records, the

morality of this proceeding is open to question, at all events, on the

grounds that the record of such names, once published, must be pre-

served if only to prevent their subsequent use in a different sense by

authors ignorant of their preoccupation,

* ‘Gleanings,’ ili. p. 324 (Oct. 1831). In 1832(P. Z. 8. p. 12) Hodgson

substituted bubalina for thar, and of late years the species has been, after

Blanford’s example, erroneously cited as dubalinus.

+ ‘ Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere,’ i. p.98 (1799). Up to the present time

this species has been always cited as swmatrensis, Shaw, 1801.

188 Senor A. Cabrera on

Lithotragus, Heude, 1898. Type by selection maritimus,

Heude.

Nemotragus, Heude, 1898. ‘Type by selection argyrochetes,

Heude. ,

Allowing Capricornulus to stand, at all events provisionally,

the above-mentioned genera may be reduced to the following

three :—

1. Capricornis, Ogilby (= Lithotragus, Heude + Nemotragus,

Heude+ Austritragus, Heude).

2. Capricornulus, Heude.

3. Nemorhedus, H. Smith (=Kemas, Ogilby + Urotragus,

Gray).

NoteE.—When revising the names of the Serows and

Gorals I came across a hitherto unnoticed synonym of the

Nilgiri wild goat (Hemitragus hylocrius). The reference is

as follows:—“ Capra Neilgherrt, H. A. Leveson, Sport in

many Lands, p. 238, pl. iv. fig.,? 1876.’ My copy of this

volume bears no date; but since it belonged apparently to

the first edition, and contains a memoir of the author (“ The

Old Shekarry ’’), who died in 1875, the date of the name in

question may be placed as probably not earlier than 1876.

XX X.—On Muscardinide from the Iberian Peninsula.

By ANGEL CABRERA.

SPANISH and Portuguese dormice are, for the most part,

badly worked, no two authors agreeing as to the number and

geographical distribution of species. Of Lliomys especially

several apparently different forms have been described, partly

by myself, the validity of which requires to be discussed.

Since the publication of my paper on Spanish Eliomys * my

opinion on this subject has been somewhat modified, as a

result of the examination of much new material, including a

fine series mainly collected by Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, to whose

kindness I owe the opportunity of examining it.

In the present paper I give a summary of my conclusions

on the whole family, as represented in the Iberian Peninsula.

* Bol. Real Soc. Espai. de Hist. Nat. 1904, p. 180.

Muscardinidee from the Iberian Peninsula. 189

ELIOMYS.

Peninsular representatives of this genus were universally

known as Eliomys quercinus (or its synonymous “ nitela’’)

till 1890, when Reuvens named a specimen from Lisbon

E. nitela, var. lusitanica*. Seven years later Dr. Graells

described some Andalucian dormice as F. nitela, var. amort F ;

in 1899 a skull from N.W. Spain was regarded by Mr

Barrett-Hamilton ¢ as belonging to 4. mumbyanus, Pomel.

Two other Spanish forms have been described by myself,

E. hortualis in 1904 and £&. hamiltoni as recently as last

October§. All these names must be commented on

separately.

E. nitela, var. lusitantca, Reuvens.—T ype locality : Lisbon,

Portugal. The type, in the Munich Museum, is briefly

described by Reuvens as a “ dunkel rostfarbiges Exemplar,”

and a co-type in the British Museum is, Mr. Miller informs

me, quite similar to specimens of Hdiomys from Seville in the.

same collection. ‘The name, therefore, is available for a

large dark red form living in southern parts of Spain and

Portugal, and specifically distinct from guercinus not only on

account of its colour, but by the form and size of the skull

and by the peculiar colour-pattern of the tail, the underside

of which is usually black or blackish in its middle third.

This species has been described in detail by Oldfield Thomas ||

and myself under the name ‘f Hiomys amor?, Graells,” but on

Mr. Miller’s suggestion it must be called LE. lusztanicus.

Myoxus nitela, var. amort, Graells.—Type locality : Cor-

doba, Andalucia. In the old-fashioned original description,

based on three specimens, this form is said to be bright red

on the back, smaller than qguercinus, and with the under

surface of the tail entirely white. The bad figure that illus-

trates it was probably drawn from a brightly coloured mounted

specimen of £. guercinus from France, in the Madrid Museum

of Natural Sciences. In the red colour of the body, the

description agrees equally with LZ. lusttanicus and with old

* Reuvens, ‘ Die Myoxide oder Schlaefer,’ 1890, p. 28, footnote.

+ Graells, Mem. Ac. Cienc. Madrid, xvii. (1897) p. 481, pl. xvii.

t Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iii. 1899, p. 227.

§ Bol. Soc. Espah. Hist. Nat. 1907, p. 226. The number of the

‘ Boletin’ in which FE. hamiltoni is described is dated June-July, but it

was really published towards the end of October. Some Insectivores re-

ferred to in the same paper were previously described in the September

number of the present Magazine.

| P. Z. S. 1901, i. p. 41, footnote.

190 Senior A. Cabrera on

alcoholic specimens of quercinus; while as regards size,

“ smaller ” or ‘ larger,’’ without detailed measurements nor

indication of the age of specimens, are words of little scientific

value. As for the absence of black on the ventral surface of

the tail, this is characteristic of H. quercinus, but there are

specimens of dusttanicus that also lack the black central

portion; the co-type of this species in the British Museum,

Mr. Miller writes me, ‘is just one of these unusual specimens

without black on underside of tail’’; and I have seen several

dormice from different Andalucian localities, evidently of the

Jarge red form, with the tail entirely white below.

Graells’s description and figure being not sufficiently accu-

rate for purposes of identification, I asked Professor Coscol-

lano, of Cordoba Institute, for information, and from him I

learn that the Cordoban Eliomys is the same animal as that

from Seville. A specimen in the Institute collection has the

upper parts of the body brownish red and the underside of the

tail white, with a blackish centre. Moreover, Graells said the

types of amor? were in his possession, and the only Hliomys

in the Graells collection, now in the Madrid Museum, is a

specimen of H. lusttanicus, without black on the ventral side of

tail. It bears no indication of locality or collector, but I

think it may be regarded as one of the co-types. Mr. Oldfield

Thomas was therefore correct in applying the name amor? to

the Andalucian form when its identity with ZH. lusitanicus

was not yet suspected. It is noteworthy that the two names

given to this animal were based on specimens with the tail

unusually coloured.

Barrett-Hamilton’s “‘Hliomys mumbyanus, Pomel.’’—Based

on a skull from Cabajias, Corufia province, N.W. Spain, in

the British Museum. The skull of true mumbyanus being

quite similar in form to that of guercinus, the only reason

that led Barrett-Hamilton to regard this specimen as of the

Pomel form was undoubtedly its small size; but, as he

compared mumbyanus not with true guercinus, but with

specimens from Seville (EZ. lusitanicus), that reason has very

little force. In my opinion, the Cabafas skull is one of

E. quercinus, perhaps not quite adult.

Ei. mumbyanus from North Africa seems to me merely a

diminutive race of H. quercinus. Specimens from Mogador

are identical in colour and skull-features with guercinus from

the French Pyrenees, but rather smaller.

Eliomys hortualis, Cabrera *.—Type locality: Valencia,

* L, c. 1904, p. 183,

Muscardinidz from the Iberian Peninsula. 191

E. Spain. Based on three specimens with the upper parts,

especially the black markings of head and tail, strongly

suffused with red, and the skull somewhat different from that

of E. quercinus, as figured by Reuvens*. In E. hortualis the

hind part of the frontals is nearly square, whereas in Reuvens’s

figure it is triangular. The redness of the black markings

proving to result from long immersion in alcohol, the red

suffusion on the back and the skull-features only remain as

valuable characters.

Now, in the series before me, there are two specimens

from Valencia and several others from the Spanish provinces

of Castellén, Huesca, and Burgos, and there are also two

from Ariége in South France. All of them evidently belong

to a single species, and the same as that of Belgium, Germany,

and Switzerland; and from comparison with them it is

clearly seen to be impossible to separate my &. hortualis from

EL. quercinus even as a local race. The reddish tinge of the

back, conspicuous in one of the Valencian specimens in the

series, is seen also in a male from the Huesca Pyrenees

(exact locality : Panticosa, 1558 m. altitude), and in a very

adult female from |’Hospitalet, Ariége, the slight redness of

the hair probably being a mark of old age. As to the skull-

peculiarities, all the series, and, as a matter of fact, all the

specimens of 1. quercinus, exhibit the nearly square frontals.

If correctly depicted, the skull figured by Reuvens, which

led me to describe the Valencian dormouse as a new species,

must be either from a very young or from an abnormal

specimen.

E. hamiltont, Cabrera.x—Type locality: El Pardo, near

Madrid. Under the supposition that the skull of Z. quer-

cinus was different from that of 4. hortualis and mumbyanus,

this form was separated on account of two characters exhi-

bited by a number of specimens from El Pardo: the white

parts, especially on the head, stained with sulphur-yellow,

and the skull similar to that of hortualis in size and shape,

but with straight, not convex, zygomatic arches. Now, in

Mr. Miller’s series I find straight, and even concave, as well

as convex zygomata ; and as to the hue of the white parts, a

yellowish suffusion exists in some specimens from Ariége,

Huesca, and Burgos, while it is not seen on a specimen from

Madrid Moncloa Park in my private collection. EL. hamil-

tont is therefore indistinguishable from quercinus, the yellow-

ness of the white hairs probably being an effect of prevailing

* Reuvens, /, c, 1890, pl. i. fig. 2.

192 seit Senor A. uber on

food, as is the case in certain specimens of Gis recorded

by Ghidini*. In El] Pardo dormice feed chiefly on acorns.

To sum up the foregoing conclusions: Hliomys is repre-

sented in the Peninsula by two different species—a northern

and central one, #. guercinus, reaching on the south as far

as the Guadiana River, Central Portugal, and the province

of Murcia; and a southern one, L. lusttanicus, inhabiting

Andalucia and the southern part of Portugal. Lisbon, Don

Benito, and Daimiel are the most northern localities in which

Ei. lusttanicus has been collected.

Thomas’s L£. gymnesicus need not be commented on here,

as it is a Balearic form only, never found on the mainland.

GLIS.

Glis glis is recorded from N.W. Spain by Seoane f, from

Andalucia by Machado f and Martinez Reguera §, and from

Madrid by Cazurro||. The last proves to be erroneous,

as the grey dormouse does not inhabit the province of

Madrid, the specimen in the Madrid Museum that Cazurro

alludes to being a young Eliomys quercinus with the grey

juvenile coat. Graells describes Glis as “‘more common

in the eastern and southern than in the central and northern

parts of the Peninsula”; he, however, bases this conclusion

not on his own experience, but on the statements of Machado

and Reguera J. Now, when I think of Reguera’s admitting

the existence of ass-deer hybrids, and of Machado’s including

such a species as Myowxus frugivorus among the Andalucian

mammals, I cannot place too much confidence in the assertions

of these authors. Both from my own experience and from

information obtained from collectors and country people, I am

convinced that Gi’s has never been seen either in Andalucia

nor in Valencia; the Valencian names (‘rata del camp ”’

and “rata de plumall”’?) quoted for it by Graells really

belong to Hhomys quercinus. The genus seems to be also

unrepresented in Portugal, as Seabra does not include it in

his catalogue of mammals from that country **.

* Bollett. Soc. Ticin. Science Nat. 11. 1905, p. 53.

t V. Lopez Seoane, ‘ Fauna Mastol. de Galicia,’ 1861-63, p. 265.

t Machado y Nunez, ‘ Catal. Mamif. de Andalucia,’ 1869, p. 27.

§ L. Martinez y Reguera, ‘Fauna de Sierra-Morena: Mamiferos del

término de Montoro,’ 1881, p. 161.

|| Manuel Cazurro, “ Fauna Matritense” (Actas Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat.

1894).

{ Graells, Mem. Ac. Madrid, 1897, p. 479.

** Jorn, Scienc. Lisboa, (2) vi. 1900, p. 90.

Muscardinide from the Iberian Peninsula. 193

With regard to the north of the Peninsula, Gils evidently

occurs there. Seoane records a specimen actually obtained

in the Caabeiro woods, near Ferrol; two specimens from

Navarre exist in the Museum of Madrid, and another, from

San Esteban de Palantordera, Barcelona province, is pre-

served in the Martorell Museum of Barcelona.

On comparison with true G. glis from Germany in the

same collection, the Navarre specimens in the Madrid Museum

appear to represent a well-marked local form, which I

describe as follows :—

Glis glis pyrenaicus, subsp. n.

Characters. Similar to the typical form in all essential

respects, but readily distinguishable by its larger skull and

the strong buffy tinge of its back.

Colour. Upperparts buffy grey, the hairs being iron-grey

with yellowish-buff ends. In the middle of the back there

are numerous black hairs, showing a bright metallic gloss.

Under surface creamy white, separated from the upper colour

by a narrow ill-defined zone of pure yellowish buff extending

from the cheek to the hip. ‘Tail glossy brownish grey, with

the usual whitish line along its underside. Lars and orbital

rings brown. Hands and feet white; a broad brown meta-

tarsal patch as usual.

Skull, Like that of typical G. glis, but larger, approaching

G. ttalicus in this respect.

Measurements (type in flesh). Head and body 169 mm. ;

tail-vertebree 137 ; hind foot (s. u.) 28; ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 41°5; basilar length 33; zygomatic

breadth 24; breadth of brain-case 18; interorbital breadth 5:5;

length of nasals 14; palatilar length 16; diastema 10;

upper tooth-row 7°5.

Hab. Navarre Pyrenees, North Spain. The specimens

recorded from Ferrol and Barcelona probably belong to the

same species.

Type. Adult female from the neighbourhood of Allo,

province of Navarre. No. 1223, Museum of Natural Science

of Madrid.

Remarks. This form seems to be the most western repre-

sentative of the grey dormouse, and opposite in size to the

small eastern G. g. spoliatus. Whether or not it ranges

southwards along the Burgos Mountains and Serrania de

Cuenca, as other Pyrenean mammals do, I am not able to

say at present.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist: Ser. 8. Vol. i. 13

194 Mr. G. S. Miller on

MUSCARDINUS.

Although recorded from Andalucia by Machado and

Reguera, and included in an anonymous list of rodents from

N.W. Spain *, this genus has, in fact, not yet been found in

the Peninsula. Graells rightly doubted its existence in

Spain, while Seabra does not record it in Portugal. All the

specimens I have seen in Spanish collections are from France,

Germany, or Italy.

XXXI.—Eighteen new European Voles.

By Gerrit 8. MILLer,.

AmMonG the European voles in the collection of the British

Museum are specimens of the following new forms.

Evotomys cesartus, sp. n.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull). B.M. no. 3. 2.11.2.

Collected at St. Helier, Jersey, Channel Islands, January 2,

1896, by Capt. G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton. Presented by

the collector.

Characters.—A member of the nagert group, agreeing with

E. skomerensis in the presence of a well-defined third re-

entrant angle on inner side of third upper molar, but differing

from the Skomer vole in the shorter, more evenly cuneate

nasals (in this respect resembling LH. nagert, HE. vasconie, and

E. norvegicus), broader rostrum, shorter tail (45 to 49 mm.

instead of 53 to 59 mm.), and much darker colour (upper-

parts a rich, dark reddish brown approaching the cinnamon-

rufous of Ridgway, but not so vivid, the sides lighter and

suffused with dull buff, though not sufficiently to produce any

marked contrast with back ; underparts a clear rich buff,

between the buff and cream-buff of Ridgway; tail sharply

and conspicuously bicolor, blackish above, concolor with belly

below ; feet a dusky grey above, rather dark hair-brown on

furred portion of sole).

Measurements.—'l'ype. Headand body 96 mm. (97) +; tail49

(45); hind foot 18 (19); ear from meatus 11 (10). Skull:

* The list, attributed to Senor J. Alonso Lopez by Seoane, is found in

a book entitled ‘ Consideraciones generales sobre varios puntos 4 favor de

la libertad y fomento de los pueblos,’ 1820, vol. ii. p. 115.

+ Measurements in parentheses are those of a second specimen from

the type locality (df ad., B.M. no. 3. 2. 11. 1).

new Huropean Voles. 195

condylo-basal length 25°6; zygomatic breadth 14 (14) ;

interorbital constriction 4°0 (4:0) ; occipital breadth 11°6; occi-

pital depth (median) 7:0 ; nasal 7:0 (7:0) ; diastema 7:2 (7:0) ;

mandible 15°4 (15:2); maxillary tooth-row 6:2 (6:2);

mandibular tooth-row 6:0 (6:0).

Specimens examined.—Two, both from the type locality.

Fiemarks.—In general appearance the Jersey red-backed

vole resembles the richly coloured Fvotomys hercynicus

rubidus of the adjacent French mainland (two specimens

examined from Dinan, Cotes-du-Nord, collected by Capt.

Barrett-Hamilton), though the large size of its skull and the

peculiarities of the third upper molar at once show its

relationship with E. skomerensis. In the Skomer vole, how-

ever, the general colour above is much lighter, approaching

the orange-rufous of Ridgway, though less red, and the

underparts are a conspicuously contrasted whitish grey with

only a faint buffy tinge. The feet are also whitish, much

paler than in the Jersey animal, both above and on hind part

of sole.

Arvicola sapidus, sp. n.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull). Collected at Santo

Domingo de Silos, Province of Burgos, Spain, October 7,

1906, by G. 8S. Miller. Original number 7216.

Characters.—Size large, as in the British Arvicola amphi-

bius (hind foot 33 to 37 mm, ; condylo-basal length of skull

in adults 42 to 44:4 mm.), but skull with nasals very broad,

the greatest breadth of both together nearly equal to anterior

rostral breadth, and colour, as in the small Italian A. musignant,

conspicuously buffy (upperparts between ochraceous-buff and

clay-colour often tinged with russet, strongly “ lined ”’ with

black along middle of back, nearly clear on sides ; underparts

light ochraceous-buff clouded by the grey (Ridgway no. 6)

under colour; feet drab-grey; tail brownish, lighter below

than above).

Measurements.—T ype. Head and body 187 mm. ; tail 123 ;

hind foot 34; ear from meatus 18. Skull: condylo-basal

length 42 (44:-4)*; zygomatic breadth 23°4 (25); inter-

orbital constriction 4°4 (4°4) ; occipital breadth 17 (18°6) ;

occipital depth (median) 11 (13); nasal 11°6 (13); diastema

13:4 (14°38) ; mandible 28 (29°4) ; maxillary tooth-row 10°6

(10°8) ; mandibular tooth-row 10°8 (11).

* Measurements in parentheses are those of the largest skull examined

(3, Barracas, Province of Castellon, Spain, March 10, 1907, Norberto

Gonzalez. Original number 134),

13°

196 Mr. G. S. Miller on

Specimens examined.——One hundred and nine from the

following localities in Spain :—La Corufia, Corufia, 2 ;

Pajares, Leon, 6; Arrechavaleta, Vitoria, 1; Santo Domingo

de Silos, Burgos, 20; Jaca, Huesca, 6 ; Panticosa, Huesca, —

25; Lerida, Lerida, 13; Barracas, Castellon, 12; Silla,

Valencia, 1; Villalba, Madrid, 2; Bejar, Salamanca, 1;

Seville, Seville, 6 ; Coria del Rio, Southern Spain, 2; near

Tarifa, Gibraltar, 1; Venta de Baul (between Guadix and

Baza), Granada, 1.

Remarks.—The Iberian water-rat is well differentiated

from its allies by the combination of large size, buffy coloration,

and broad nasal bones. In two fully adult topotypes of

Arvicola musignant the skull is much smaller, length from

front of nasal to back of interparietal 82 and 34 mm. as

compared with 37 and 40:4 mm. in the type of sapzdus and

the large male from Barracas. While the size of Arvicola

amphibius is about equal to that of the Spanish animal, the

British form shows no tendency toward buffy coloration, and

the nasal bones are very narrow, their greatest combined

breadth noticeably less than anterior rostral breadth.

Arvicola tenebricus, sp. n.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull). B.M. no. 6. 1.21.5.

Collected three miles east of Biarritz, Basses Pyrénées,

France, December 30, 1905, by J. F. Davison, Esq. Origi-

/nal number 7. Presented by the collector.

Characters.—Like Arvicola sapidus, but coloration dark

and brownish, in strong contrast with the buffy tints of the

Spanish animal (upperparts a dull greyish buff, so heavily

overlaid with black that the general effect is not far from a

rather light, grizzled bister on back, and a greyish wood-

brown on sides; underparts slaty grey, washed with light

ochraceous-buff on chest and belly; feet hair-brown; tail

blackish above, greyish below, not distinctly bicolor).

Measurements.—Type. Head and body 193 mm.; tail 112;

hind foot 384; ear 17. Skull: condylo-basal length, 41:6;

zygomatic breadth 24 ; interorbital constriction 4°4 ; occipital

breadth 17°8 ; occipital depth 10°4 ; nasal12; diastema 13;

mandible 26°8; maxillary tooth-row 10°6 ; mandibular tooth-

row 10:2.

Specimens examined.—Eleven, from the following locali-

ties: vicinity of Biarritz, Basses Pyrénées, 7; |’ Hospitalet,

Ariége, 2; Porté, Pyrénées Orientales, 2.

Remarks.—The Pyrenean water-rat resembles Arvicola

new European Voles. 197

amphibius and A. terrestris in colour, but is readily distin-

guishable from the northern forms by its broad nasals.

With the material at hand there are no apparent characters

to distinguish the Biarritz specimens from those taken in

Ariége and the Pyrénées Orientales at altitudes of about

4800 feet.

Microtus arvalis meridianus, subsp. n.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull). B.M. no. 6.6.4. 26.

Collected at Biarritz, Basses Pyrénées, France, April 18,

1906, by J. F. Davison, Esq. Original number 30. Pre-

sented by the collector.

Characters.—Similar to Microtus arvalis arvalis of Central

and Northern Germany, but coloration much more buffy

(upperparts a finely grizzled yellowish brown, the general

effect something between wood-brown and a very light bister ;

underparts as in true arvalis, but with a more evident buffy

wash; feet buffy white; tail not sharply bicolor, dark

brownish above, buffy white below).

Measurements.—Type. Head and body 115 mm.; tail 32;

hind foot 16; ear from meatus 12. Skull: condylo-basal

length 25°4; zygomatic breadth 15; interorbital constriction

3°0 ; occipital breadth 11; occipital depth (median) 6:0; nasal

7:2; diastema 8°0 ; mandible 16:2; maxillary tooth-row 6°4 ;

mandibular tooth-row 6:4.

Specimens examined.—Seven, all from the type locality.

Microtus levis, sp. nu.

Type.— Adult male (skin and skull). B.M.no. 4. 4. 6. 55.

Collected at Gageni, Roumania, April 25, 1899, by W. Dodson.

Original number 67. Presented by the late Lord Lilford.

Characters.—Eixternally as in Microtus arvalis of Central

and Northern Germany ; skull differing from that of true

M. arvalis in greater length (condylo-basal length usually

more than 26 mm. instead of 24 to 25°6 mm.) and less

relative breadth (ratio of zygomatic breadth to condylo-basal

length about 50 instead of about 55), much longer narrower

brain-case (distance from interorbital constriction to condyle

decidedly greater than zygomatic breadth), more inflated

audital bullae, and in the smoothly rounded interorbital

region, which, together with sides of brain-case, apparently

never develops distinct ridges; teeth as in M. arvalis.

Measurements.—'l'ype. Head and body 110 mm.; tail 38 ;

. 198 Mr. G. 8S. Miller on

hind foot 17:5; ear from meatus 11. Skull: condylo-basal

length 26°6 (25) *; zygomatic breadth 14°4 (14:4) ; distance

from interorbital constriction to back of condyle 15:4 (14) ;

interorbital constriction 3°4 (3°2); occipital breadth 12°2

(11:4) ; occipital depth (median) 6°6 (6°8); palatal depth

8:0 (7°8); nasal 7°8 (7°4); diastema 8:0 (7:4); mandible 16°6

(15°8); maxillary tooth-row 6:4 (5°8) ; mandibular tooth-

row 6°2 (5°8).

Specimens examined.— Seventeen, all from the type

locality.

Microtus angularis, sp. n.

Type—Adult male (in alcohol). B.M. no, 80. 10. 28. 2.

Collected in Transylvania (probably near Hatszeg, Hunyad,

Hungary) by C. G. Danford, Esq. Presented by the-

collector.

Characters.—A large member of the Mcrotus arvals group,

about equal to the Grecian MM. harting? in size, but with

much longer tail (about 40 mm. instead of 24 to 27 mm.).

Skull peculiar in the very short, deep rostrum (depth at baek

of nasal noticeably greater than distance between front of

zygoma and anterior extremity of nasal) and the unusually

conspicuous angle (about 34° instead of about 18° to 22° as

in Mf. arvalis, M. harting?t, and M. orcadensis) at which the

nasals slope downward; audital bulle relatively larger than

in M. arvalis, but not so strongly inflated as in MZ. hartingi.

Teeth with pattern of enamel-folding as in Microtus arvalis,

but all of the triangles, especially those of lower molars, with

transverse diameter noticeably increased and area of dentine

spaces reduced.. Colour apparently as in WV. arvalis.

Measurements.—Head and body 115 mm.; tail 41; hind

foot 18; ear from meatus 12. Skull: condylo-basal length 27

(ca.) f; zygomatic breadth 16°4 (ca.) ; interorbital breadth

4:0 (ca.) ; occipital breadth 13; occipital depth 7°6 (ca.) ;

nasal 8:0; diastema 8°4; mandible 17:4 (ca.); maxillary

tooth-row 6°6; mandibular tooth-row 6°4.

Specimen examined.—The type.

Microtus asturianus, sp. n.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull). Collected at

* Measurements in parentheses are those of an old male Microtus

arvalis from Konigsberg, Germany (no. 112213, U.S. National Museum).

+ Certain measurements of the badly broken skull were taken before

cleaning, while the fragments were still in approximately normal

position.

new European Voles. 199

Pajares, Leon, Spain, June 23, 1907, by Norberto Gonzalez.

Original number 321.

Characters.— Larger than Microtus arvalis, the skull

massive and deep, with strongly convex dorsal profile,

widely spreading zygomata, short, broad brain-case, strongly

ridged interorbital region, and very large audital bulle;

teeth as in M. arvalis; colour about as in the more. buffy

forms of M. arvalis (upperparts buffy clay-colour, rather

coarsely “ lined ” with black along median dorsal area, clearer

and more nearly approaching ochraceous-buff on sides; under-

parts dull grey, clear or washed with light buff; feet an

indefinite buffy grey tinged with drab, not conspicuously

different from colour of back; tail obscurely bicolor, buffy

grey below, brownish mixed with grey above).

Measurements.—Type. Head and body 120 mm.; tail 37;

hind foot 20*; ear14. Skull: condylo-basal length, 26:2 ;

zygomatic breadth 15:2; distance from interorbital con-

striction to back of condyle 15; interorbital constriction 3:2;

occipital breadth 12°2; occipital depth (median) 6°4; palatal

depth 8°6 ; nasal 7°8; diastema 7:8; mandible 16°6 ; maxil-

lary tooth-row 6°6; mandibular tooth-row 6:4.

Specimens examined.——Three, all from the type locality.

Remarks.—In its large, massive skull Microtus asturianus

differs conspicuously from its nearest geographical ally,

M. arvalis meridianus of the Basses-Pyrénées region. Its

strongly convex dorsal outline gives the skull a superficial

resemblance to that of M. cabrere of the Sierra de Guadar-

rama, but the nasal bones are strictly of the arvalis type.

The size and massiveness of the skull are so great as to

suggest asmall Microtus orcadensis, but itis scarcely probable

that any direct relationship is indicated by this resemblance.

Microtus sandayensis wesire, subsp. n.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull). B.M.no. 8.1.2.1.

Collected at Puriswall, Westray, North Orkney Islands,

April 5, 1906, by Norman B. Kinnear, Esq. Original

number 290. Presented by the collector.

Characters.—Size and cranial characters as in Microtus

sandayensis sandayensis (Millais), but first lower molar with

anterior outer re-entrant angle occasionally (in 2 specimens

among 6) as well developed as in M. orcadensis ; colour not

so pale as in the Sanday vole, the underparts strongly washed

with yellowish brown (general effect above a dark hair-brown

* Collector’s measurement. In the prepared specimen the hind foot

(slightly distorted) after relaxing measures 19:4 mm.

200 Mr. G. S. Miller on

approaching bister, the arrangement of colour as in M, san-

dayensts sandayensis, but light tips to hairs of underfur

more nearly dull ochraceous-buff, and dark shading from

longer hairs more noticeable ; underparts light ochraceous-

buff, nearly as in J. orcadensis, but colour not so rich, and

clouding due to slaty bases of hairs more evident; feet and

tail as in true sandayensis, but sprinkling of dark hairs on

upper side of tail more conspicuous).

Measurements.—Type. Head and body 108 mm.; tail 34;

hind foot 18; ear from meatus 10°5. Skull: condylo-basal

length 27:2; zygomatic breadth 16:2; interorbital con-

striction 3°6 ; occipital breadth 12; occipital depth (median)

6°4; nasal 7:8; diastema 8°2; mandible 17°4; maxillary

tooth-row 6°6 ; mandibular tooth-row 6°8.

Specimens examined.—Seven, all from Westray Island,

kindly placed at my disposal by Mr. Kinnear.

Remarks.—The voles of the North Orkney Islands differ

from those of the southern group in their smaller size, lighter

colour, and in the peculiar low, flattened form of the brain-

case. In typical Microtus sandayensis the first lower molar

invariably (12 specimens) differs from that of M. orcadensis

(53 specimens) in the shallowness of the anterior outer re-

entrant angle, which is much less developed than that of the

inner side (in M. orcadensis, as in the continental members

of the arvalis group, the two angles are approximately equal).

Four specimens of M. s. westre have this aberrant type of

tooth, while in two the angles are of normal depth. The

colour is less pallid than in the typical form, though not so

dark as in M. orcadensis.

The degrees of distinctness of the Orkney voles among

themselves appear to bear a direct relation to the depth of

water separating the islands, and therefore presumably to the

length of time that the different colonies have been isolated.

Specimens of M. orcadensis showing no indication of the

existence of local forms on the various islands have been

examined from Rousay, Pomona, Shapinshay, and South

Ronaldshay, the channels separating which range from 6 to 8

fathoms in depth. Between the islands inhabited by this

species and those occupied by M. sandayensis lies a narrow

but comparatively deep strait, with 17 to 20 fathoms of water.

Finally, between Sanday and Westray, with their different,

though not completely segregated forms, the depth of the

water is intermediate, 10 to 12 fathoms.

new Eurcpean Voles. 201

Microtus agrestis exsul, subsp. n.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull). B.M. no. 6.3.1. 3.

Collected on North Uist, Hebrides, February 5, 1906, by

J. F. Davison, Esq. Presented by the collector.

Characters.—In general like the large Scandinavian

Microtus agrestis agrestis, but underparts with more evident

- brownish wash, often becoming a clear rather light ochra-

ceous-buff ; first upper molar with small third inner triangle

usually present (in 10 among 14 specimens) and almost as

well developed as second inner triangle of middle molar.

Measurements.—Type. Head and body 123 mm.; tail 44 ;

hind foot 19; ear from meatus 12. Skull: condylo-basal

length 28; zygomatic breadth 15°8; interorbital constriction

3°23 occipital breadth 12; occipital depth 6°6; nasal 8:0;

diastema 8°2 ; mandible 18; maxillary tooth-row 7:0 ; mandi-

bular tooth-row 7:0.

Specimens examined.—Fouiteen, eleven from North Uist

and three from South Uist, Hebrides * : all but three lent by

(Mr. Kinnear. An immature male from Kildalton, Islay

No. 392, Kinnear collection), appears to represent the same

form, but is too young to be positively identified.

Remarks.—A supplemental triangle in the first upper

molar, similar to that usually present in Microtus agrestis

exsul, occurs in 4 among 32 specimens of true agrestis and in

only 2 among 48 British mainland skulls. The cranial

characters of fully adult individuals of the Hebridean vole as

compared with true agrestzs and the common British form

are well indicated by the following table (in mm.) :—

Number Condylo- Upper Lower

of skulls. basal length. Mandible. tooth-row. — tooth-row.

agrestis .. 9 264t0 284 166to18 66to70 62 to 66

Bes as ery, 38 27 to 28 If to 18 68to70 64 to 70

neglectus.. 18 25 to 26 15°4 to 16:2 5'8 to 64 5°8 to 6°2

The discovery of this vole is of unusual interest, as the

probable existence of some such animal in North Britain

was pointed out several months agoy, at a time when the

characters of the Hebridean form were unknown.

* Mr. Kinnear has called my attention to the fact that no voles have

yet been found on the island of Lewis, the largest of the Outer Hebrides,

+ Stejneger, Smithsonian Miscell. Coll. xlviii. p. 478 (May 4, 1907).

202 Mr. G. S. Miller on

Pitymys subterraneus capucinus, subsp. n.

Type.— Adult female (skin and skull). Collected in spruce-

forest near “ Salon du Capucin,’’ Mont Dore, Puy de Déme,

France (altitude about 4200 feet), August 2, 1906, by G. 8.

Miller. Original number 7002.

Characters.—Similar to Pitymys subterraneus subterraneus,

but skull larger, brain-case broader and more flattened, and

colour not so dark (general effect above approaching mars-

brown, but with a slight buffy cast; feet a clear, very pale

smoke-grey, noticeably contrasting with colour of bake

Measurements.—T ype. Head and body 102 mm.; tail 33;

hind foot 15. Skull: condylo-basal length 23: 4 (22) * ;

zygomatic breadth 13°8 (13); interorbital constriction 3° 8

(3'8) ; occipital breadth 11:2 (10°8) ; breadth of brain-case —

under zygoma 10°8 (9°6) ; occipital depth (median) 5:4

(5°6); nasal 6°4 (6°0); diastema 7:0 (68); mandible 14°8

(13°8); maxillary tooth-row 5°38 (5:2) ; mandibular tooth-

row 5°6 (5:2).

Specimens examined.—T wo, both from the type locality.

Pitymys dactus, sp. n.

Type.—Adult female (skinand skull). B.M.no. 4. 4. 6.65.

Collected at Gageni, Roumania, April 25, 1899, by W.

Dodson. Original number 65. Presented by the late Lord

Lilford.

-Characters.—Similar to Pitymys subterraneus, but skull

larger, nasals more strongly bent downward anteriorly,

brain-case more depressed posteriorly (the dorsal profile of

skull thus made slightly convex throughout) ; posterior upper

molar with third inner re-entrant angle very shallow; colour

indistinguishable from that of P. subterraneus in the usual

hair-brown phase.

Measurements.--Type. Head and body 88 mm.; tail 32°5 ;_

hind foot 14°5 ; ear from meatus 8°5. Skull: condylo- basal

length 23; zygomatic breadth 13°6 ; interorbital constriction

3°8; occipital breadth 10°8; breadth of brain-case under

zygomata 10; occipital depth (median) 5:0; nasal 5°8; dia-

stema 7'0 ; mandible 15; maxillary tooth-row 5°6; mandibular

tooth-row 5:8.

Specimen examined.—The type.

femarks.—Although represented by a single specimen

* Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male M. sudbter-

raneus subterraneus from Belgium (No. 2189, Lataste collection).

new Huropean Voles. 203

only, this species appears to be well characterized by the

convex dorsal profile of the skull and the very shallow third

re-entrant angle on inner side of posterior upper molar, features

which are not closely approximated in a considerable series

of P. subterraneus from Belgium, France, Switzerland, and

the Transylvanian Alps.

Pitymys pyrenatcus brunneus, subsp. n.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull). B.M.no.6. 4. 1. 82.

Collected in the Forest of Bouconne, Gers, France (altitude

250 m.), February 4, 1900, by A. Robert. Presented by

O. Thomas, Esq.

Characters.—Similar to Pitymys pyrenatcus pyrenaicus,

but colour much more brownish, the upperparts a light, dull,

faintly grizzled wood-brown, with scarcely a trace of the

bister and clear hair-brown tints characteristic of the typical

form.

Measurements.—Type. Head and body 93 mm.; tail 26;

hind foot 15; ear from meatus 8. Skull: condylo-basal

length 23; zygomatic breadth 14; interorbital constriction

4:0; occipital breadth 11; occipital depth (median) 5°6; pala-

tal depth 6°2; nasal 6°0; diastema 7°0 ; mandible 15; maxillary

tooth-row 5°8; mandibular tooth-row 5:8.

Specimens examined.—Seven, all from the type locality.

Remarks.—This appears to be a well-defined local race of

Pitymys pyrenaicus, as the seven skins differ without exception

from the eleven Pyrenean specimens with which they have

been compared. Its geographical range will probably be

found to extend over the low country lving between the

Pyrenees and the Gironde.

Pitymys planiceps, sp. n.

Type.—Adult (skull only). No. 2190, Lataste collection.

Baréges, Hautes-Pyrénées, France. Altitude about 4000

feet.

Characters.—Size about as in Pitymys pyrenatcus; teeth

as in that species, P. saviz, &c.; skull more flattened than in

any other known European member of the genus, the dorsal

profile nearly straight from posterior extremity of nasal to

back of interparietal, the general outline when viewed from

above essentially as in P. pyrenaicus and P. savii.

Measurements.— Condylo-basal length 23 (23); zygomatic

breadth 14 (18°8); interorbital constriction 3°8 (3:8);

occipital breadth 11°4 (11:4); occipital depth 5:4 (6:0);

palatal depth 6°2 (6°8) ; nasal 6-0 (6°2); diastema 7:0 (7:0);

204 Mr. G. 8S. Miller on

mandible 14°6 (15) ; maxillary tooth-row 5°6 (5°6); mandi-

bular tooth-row 5:6 (5°6).

Remarks.—The characters of the skull on which this

species is based are so peculiar that it seems necessary to

recognize the animal as distinct. In September 1906 I

visited Baréges chiefly for the purpose of securing further

specimens of Pitymys planiceps, but though colonies of

P. pyrenaicus were readily found in the forest above the

town, I failed in the main object of my search.

Pitymys pelandonius, sp. n.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull), collected at Santo

Domingo de Silos, Province of Burgos, Spain (altitude

980 m.), October 21, 1906, by G. S. Miller. Original |

number 7382.

Characters.—Similar to Pitymys marie, Major, but skull

with broader, less elongate brain-case; general colour of

upperparts wood-brown, the sides somewhat more buffy ;

feet and tail whitish.

Measurements.—Type. Head and body 96 mm.; tail 28;

hind foot 14°4; ear from meatus 8°4. Skull = condylo-basal

length 22 (22)*; zygomatic breadth 14 (13); occipital

oreadth 10°6 (9°8); breadth of brain-case under zygomata

10°2 (9°6) ; occipital depth (median) 5°6 (5°0); palatal depth

6°8 (6:4); nasal 6°0 (6°0); diastema 6°6 (6:6); mandible

14:4 (14) ; maxillary tooth-row 5:4 (5°6) ; mandibular tooth-

row 5°6 (5:4).

Specimens examined.—Five, three from the type locality

and two from Castrillo de la Reina, Province of Burgos.

Remarks.—At both Silos and Castrillo this animal occurs

in rocky ground partly overgrown with shrubs and smaall

trees. Its habitsare essentially the same as those of Pitymys

subterraneus or P. pyrenaicus, and much less mole-like than

those of the meadow-haunting P. cbericus.

Pitymys depressus, sp. n.

Type.—Adult female (in alcohol). B.M. no. 6. 11.4. 15.

Collected at Rascafria, south side of Sierra de Guadarrama,

Province of Madrid, Spain, by M. de la Escalera.

Characters—A member of the Pitymys duodecimcostatus

group, related to P. lusitanicus, P. marie, and P. pelandonius,

but immediately recognizable by its broadened, much flattened

* Measurements in parentheses are those of the type (adult female) of

Prtymys marie.

t+ See Major, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 7th ser. xv. pp. 508-510 (May

1905).

new Huropean Voles. 20

skull and very small audital bulle. Viewed from the side

the skull is as flat as that of Pitymys savit; dorsal profile

slightly but evenly convex, the nasals not so abruptly

sloping as usual; rostrum excessively shallow immediately

behind nasals, its least depth barely exceeding greatest com-

bined breadth of nasals; length of brain-case to posterior

edge of interparietal barely equal to breadth under zygomata,

the general outline subcireular; occipital region oblique

posteriorly, so that condyles are plainly visible when skull

is viewed from above, very low and wide in _ posterior

view ; audital bulla very small and low, the greatest diameter

contained about four times in condylo-basal dength of skull

(about three to three and one half times in lusttanicus, maria,

and pelandonius) ; teeth as in the related species; external

characters apparently showing no special peculiarities. -

Measurements.—l'ype. Head and body 85 mm.;; tail 25 ;

hind foot 13; ear from meatus 8. Skull: condylo-basal

length 22°4 ; zygomatic breadth 14 ; interorbital constriction

3°6 ; occipital breadth 11°2 ; occipital depth (median) 5:4 ;

palatal depth 6°8; nasal 6-2 ; diastema 6°4; mandible 14°8 ;

maxillary tooth-row 5°6 ; mandibular tooth-row 5:6.

Specimens ecamined.—FY our, all from the type locality.

Pitymys tbericus centralis, subsp. n.

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull). Collected at Santo

Domingo de Silos, Province of Burgos, Spain (altitude

980 m.), October 15, 1906, by G. 8. Miller. Original

number 7313.

Characters.—Not so large as Fitymys ibericus ibericus

(hind foot 16 to 17:2 mm. instead of 17 to 18 mm) ; colour

hair-brown, usually tinged with buffy, but never so pale as

in the typical race ; feet whitish, in rather noticeable contrast

with back.

Measurements.—T ype. Head and body 102 mm. ; tail 24;

hind foot 16°8 ; ear from meatus 8. Skull: condylo-basal

length 25 ; zygomatic breadth 15 (ca.) ; interorbital breadth

4°2; occipital breadth 12 ; occipital depth 7:0 ; palatal depth

8:0; nasal 7:0; diastema 8-4; mandible 17-2; maxillary

tooth-row 6°0 ; mandibular tooth-row 6:2.

Specimens examined.—'l'wenty, all from the type locality.

Remarks.—True Pitymys ibericus is a large pallid form,

probably confined to the hot coast district of Murcia and

Alicante. It is strikingly different from the small Granada

animal, its nearest geographical ally, as well as from speci-

mens from Jerez de la Frontera, Seville, Valencia, and

Burgos. It is probable that more than one race is represented

among the members of this group occurring through Central

and North-western Spain.

206 On new European Voles.

Pitymys tbericus regulus, subsp. n.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull). Collected on north

slope of the Alhambra Hill, Granada, Spain, December 22,

1906, by G. 8. Miller. Original number 7441.

Characters.—Similar to Pitymys ibericus centralis, but

smaller (hind foot 15 to 16 mm. instead of 16 to 17:2 mm.),

and with very small, narrow molars.

Measurements.—Type. Head and body 100 mm. ; tail 26 ;

hind foot 16; eat from meatus 9. Skull : condylo-basal length

25; zygomatic breadth 15; interorbital constriction 4:0 ;

occipital breadth 12 ; occipital depth 6°2 ; palatal depth 8-0;

nasal 6°4; diastema 8:0 ; mandible 16°6 ; maxillary tooth-

row 5'4 ; mandibular tooth-row 5:4.

Specimens examined.—Seven, all taken in the almond ~

orchard on north slope of the Alhambra hill.

Remarks.—This local race of Pitymys ibericus is at once

recognizable by its unusually small molars, the actual struc-

ture of which, however, shows no peculiarities. In size of

teeth it represents the opposite extreme from the large form

occurring in the valley of the Baul, only about 70 km. east

of Granada, and also in the Guadalquivir drainage-basin.

Pitymys ibericus fuscus, subsp. n.

Type-—Adult male (skin and skull). Collected on the

Dehesa de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, March 7, 1907, by

Norberto Gonzalez. Original number 131.

_Characters.—Size as in Pitymys ibericus centralis, but

colour much darker (upperparts a uniform bister, nearly as

dark as that of Ridgway, faintly varied by blackish hair-tips

and tinged.with wood-brown on sides; underparts dull slaty

grey washed with buffy ; feet whitish, in rather marked

contrast with body ; tail very obscurely bicolor, whitish tinged

above with brown).

Measurements.—Type. Head and body 104 mm. ; tail 22 ;

hind foot 17; ear from meatus 10. Skull: condylo-basal

length 24:2; zygomatic breadth 14°8; interorbital con-

striction 4'2 ; occipital breadth 11:4 ; occipital depth 64 ;

palatal depth 7°6 ; nasal 6:0 ; diastema 8:0 ; mandible 16°4 ;

maxillary tooth-row 5°8 ; mandibular tooth-row 5:8.

Specimens examined.—Two, both from the type locality.

Kemarks.—The two specimens exactly resemble each other

and differ conspicuously from all the other Spanish skins

examined. Apparently this form is confined to the Dehesa,

as in a male taken by Mr. Gonzalez at Catarroja on the

adjacent mainland the colour is indistinguishable trom that

of P. ebericus centralis.

Bibliographical Notice. 207

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

European Animals: their Geological History and Geographical

Distribution. By R. F. Scuarrr, Ph.D., BSc. London:

Constable & Co., 1907. Pp. viii, 258. 7s. 6d. net.

Dr. Scuarrr has produced a book that will prove of exceeding value

to all who are interested in the difficult problem of the geographical

distribution of animals. He has brought together a mass of facts

concerning both the plants and animals of Europe and their

present-day distribution such as will be found in no other work

of its kind, and herein he has earned the gratitude of us all.

In his interpretation of many of these facts, however, we venture

to think the results of his labours are less satisfactory. And for

this reason:—In his Introduction he insists, and rightly, on the

importance of paleontological evidence in determining what must

have been the centre of distribution for any given group or species ;

yet, almost in the same breath, he tells us that ‘ our fossil evidence

is of so fragmentary a character that it is often extremely difficult to

point to any particular country as the home of a species or genus.

The present distribution, however, may be looked upon as a reliable

guide in directing our enquiries in this respect.’ If this is true,

why bother about geological evidence? And, as a matter of fact,

Dr. Scharff does not, or at most regards it as auxillary to the

evidence afforded by living species; and therein he discounts the

value of many of his conclusions.

Thus the present-day distribution of many of the species herein

enumerated has to be accounted for by arguments that are far from

convincing, in some cases, indeed, they break down completely.

In the case of the common rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), for

example, Dr. Scharff endeavours to show, if we interpret him

aright, that we must regard Spain as the land of its origin, from

which centre of dispersal it eventually made its way along the

S.W. coast of France to Ireland by a continuous land-connection.

But since fossil remains of this animal have been found within the

confines of Great Britain, this contention may be regarded as

robbed of its probability. Spain and Portugal, according to

Dr. Scharff, are to be regarded as having played the part of a very

important centre of distribution in past times, both of plants and

animals. Rather, it would seem, they should be regarded as back-

waters which have served as isolation-areas.

Similarly, in describing the distribution of beavers over Europe,

he writes: ‘‘ We have here an example of an animal which evidently

spread westward from the east, since it has never been found fossil

in either Ireland, Italy, or Spain, where we should have expected

it to occur if it had originated in the west.” As a matter of fact,

more remains of beavers—and from different horizons—have been

found in Italy than in any other part of Europe. That it will

be found in Spain is highly probable, for during the Pleistocene

period this animal had a remarkably wide range.

208 Miscellaneous.

The author, too, appears to hold views as to the fixity of

mammalian species which are not generally shared, as he speaks

more than once of species now living which crossed into this or that

area during Mzocene times. Yet it is surely generally conceded ©

that no existing species extended so far back in time.

Instances of this kind could be multiplied, but we feel that it

would savour too much of ingratitude to dwell on the blemishes of

these pages; for, despite of them, Dr. Scharff’s book is one that

all must read, and all will find of very real value, inasmuch as

it embraces within its scope Invertebrates as well as Vertebrates,

and not a few of the more interesting plants. Moreover, the pages

of the work are copiously illustrated. Maps are plentifully dis-

tributed, and each map has an “inset” figure of the animal to

which it refers. If the defects to which we have referred are

made good in a second edition, which in all probability will be

demanded, this book will form one of the most admirable treatises

on the subject which has ever appeared. Wi,

MISCELLANEOUS.

The Name Archeocidaris. By J. W. Grecory.

In the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. for November 1907, Dr. Bather advo-

cates the substitution of the name Hchinocrinus for the well-known

and appropriate name Archeocdaris. This change seems unneces-

sary, and it will probably be admitted by all students of Echino-

derms as undesirable unless absolutely necessary. The name

Echinocrinus is misleading, as it is admitted that it was given by

Agassiz under the mistaken idea that the fossils which he thus

named were crinoids. No one would take the responsibility of

overthrowing a well-established name because it happens to assert

a wrong affinity for the genus; but when a truthful name has been

well established, it is deplorable to resuscitate a misleading term

from which we have been saved by the common-sense of an earlier

generation. |

In this case there is a sound excuse for allowing the discarded

name to remain buried, owing to its close resemblance to the earlier

Echinoencrinus. Archeocidaris is probably more common in the

Carboniferous rocks of the west of Scotland than in any other part

of the British Isles, and the name is therefore especially well known

among Scotch paleontologists. Professor Bell (in the ‘ Annals’

for 1891, ser. 6, vol. vill. pp. L06-9) showed that, according to the

strict rules of priority, Actinia is the name of a Holothurian and

that Holothuria is an Ascidian. That fact was pointed out sixteen

years ago, but the old use of the names continues in defiance of the

rules. Until these changes are accepted I hope paleontologists

will retain the name Archeocidaris.

University, Glasgow.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 8. MARCH 1908.

XXXII.—New African Phlebotomic Diptera in the British

Museum (Natural History).—Part I. Tabanide. By

Ernest EK. Austen.

Tue interest excited at the present time by blood-sucking

flies, in view of the possibility that they may act as carriers

of micro-organisms pathogenic to man or domestic animals,

supported by an appeal for specimens circulated by H.M.

Foreign and Colonial Offices throughout the British Empire,

has resulted during the last year or two in the acquisition

by the British Museum (Natural History) of a certain

amount of material, chiefly from Africa, including many

new species. Some of the latter, from Tropical Africa, are

described in the following pages, and descriptions of others,

including a number of additional species of Hematopota (a

genus of which the African continent is apparently the

headquarters), will be published shortly in subsequent

communications in this series. The types of all the new

species described below are in the British Museum (Natural

History). Coloured figures of the majority will appear later

in an official publication,

PaANnGONINE.

Genus Capicrera, Macq.

Cadicera quinquemaculata, sp. n.

? .—Length (2 specimens) 14°5 to 16°25 mm.; width of

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 14

210 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

head 5 to 5°3 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°6 mm. ; width

of third segment of abdomen 7 to 7°5 mm.; length of wing

(perfect only in one specimen) 15 mm.

Dorsum of thorax clove-brown*, slightly pollinose though

shining, with tufts of shining golden-yellow hair on sides ;

first segment of abdomen dull, sepia-coloured ; remaining seg-

ments shining black, with a triangular patch of silvery-white

appressed hair on each posterior angle of second segment, and

a median patch of shining appressed golden-yellow hair on

fourth, fifth, and sixth segments, the last patch continuous with

a smaller area of similar hair on seventh segment ; wings

ochraceous buff, anterior portion of proximal half brown and

apex infuscated ; femora black or blackish brown; tibie cream-

buff, with a broad blackish-brown band on distal third.

Head black or blackish brown, occipital region, jowls,

margins of face, and a transverse band above base of antennz

greyish pollinose; front above this band and face shining

(denuded ?), latter with long and sparse blackish-brown hairs

on sides ; under surface of head clothed with blackish-brown

hair ; ocelli wanting ; palpi black, not shining, clothed with

coarse black hair, last joint less swollen and more pointed at

the tip than in C. rubramarginata, Macq. ; antenne black.

Thorax: median area of dorsum clothed with short blackish-

brown hair, which passes into pale golden-yellow hair in

front and behind; the conspicuous lateral tufts of golden-

yellow hair are below the ends of the transverse suture and

on the postalar calli ; pleurze and pectus seal-brown, clothed

with blackish-brown hair. Abdomen: first segment clothed

with brown hair, a short row of silvery-white hairs on poste-

rior margin on each side near posterior angles; patches of

silvery-white hair on second segment transversely elongate,

scattered hairs extending almost to middle line, where there

are a few golden-yellow hairs ; a few whitish or yellowish

hairs on posterior angles of fourth segment; remainder of

dorsum, except where marked with patches of golden-yellow

hair, clothed with short appressed black hair; patch of

golden-yellow hair on fourth segment commencing a little

before the middle and extending to hind margin ; patches on

fifth and sixth segments in shape of truncated equilateral

triangles reaching to front margins, and with their bases

resting on hind margins; venter clothed with minute ap-

pressed black hairs, with patches of silvery hair on second

and fourth segments towards the sides. Wings: brown area

* For names of colours, see Ridgway, ‘A Nomenclature of Colors for

Naturalists’ (Boston: Little, Brown, & Company, 1886),

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 211

on proximal half extends to end of stigma and down to fifth

vein, though the distal extremity of the second basal cell

may be somewhat lighter; apical infuscation commencing on

costa above fork of third vein and extending to lower branch

of latter; third vein infuscated throughout its extent.

Squame whitish. Halteres dark brown. Legs: front tarsi

brown, lighter at base of first jomt; middle and hind tarsi

dark brown, first joint except tip cream-buff.

Cape Colony, South Africa——Two specimens (co-types) :

one individual from Pirie Bush, near Kiug William’s Town

(A. N. Stenning); the second specimen without precise

locality or other data. These are the two specimens referred

to by Miss Ricardo (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. v.

1900, p. 101), who, ‘however, was prevented from seeing that

both belonged to the same species, since at the time when

her paper was written the specimen without data was not

set, and its abdomen was consequently concealed by its

wings.

Cadicera quinquemaculata cannot be confused with any

of the other species of this genus at present described, from

which the markings of the tibiz are alone sufficient to

distinguish it without difficulty. It presents, however, a

deceptive resemblance in general appearance and markings

to Corizoneura obscura, Ricardo, the type of which is

from Blantyre, Nyasaland Protectorate. Nevertheless, apart

from other differences, the Corizoneura can be distinguished

by the hair on the under side of the head being yellowish

white instead of blackish brown, by that on the pleure being

largely yellowish instead of entirely blackish brown, by the

much duller tibiz, the burnt-umber tips of which do not

present nearly such a sharp contrast to the remainder, and by

the hind tarsi being entirely russet.

Miss Ricardo’s statements (loc. cit. p. 100) that in

Cadicera “ ocelli are present ” and that in C. rubramarginata,

Macq., ocelli are “ present and distinct’? are somewhat

misleading, as will be seen from the following results of an

examination of the Museum material belonging to this

genus. The single specimen (a ?) of C. rubramarginata in

the Museum collection has the anterior ocellus alone; a ¢

and two 2? 2 of C. melanopyga, Wied., show no ocelli, but-a

third ¢ of this species has the anterior ocellus alone, which

is very minute; in one of four ¢ 2 of C. chrysostigma,

Wied., there is a still more minute anterior ocellus, but the

other two ocelli are wanting, and the remaining specimens

of this species exhibit no trace of ocelli whatever; the single

specimen (a 4) of C. crassipalpis, Macq., has likewise no

14*

og Mr. E. E. Austen on new

trace of ocelli; lastly, in the two co-types of C. guinque-

maculata, Austen, ocelli.-are similarly absent. It would

appear, then, that in Cadicera the ocelli are either obsolete or

in a vestigial condition, represented, if present at all, solely

by the anterior ocellus. The statement ‘‘Pas d’ocelles

distincts ” in Macquart’s diagnosis of the genus is therefore

reasonably accurate.

Pangonia biclausa, Lw., = Cadicera rubramarginata, Macq.,

and represents a variety with the fourth posterior cell closed.

Loew’s remarks on his “ Varietaét”’ (Dipt.-Fauna Siidafr.

p- 91) are sufficient to prove this. Giglio-Tos (Ann. Soc.

Ent. Fr., année 1895, p. 857) is in error in thinking that

P. biclausa, Lw., should be referred to the genus Scione,

Walk.

Pangonia brevis, Lw., which also has the fourth posterior

cell closed, likewise belongs to the genus Cadicera, Macq.,

and has nothing to do with Scione, Walk. (ef. Ricardo, Joc.

cit. p. 109). Cadicera brevis, liw., is closely allied to and

possibly identical with C. (Pangonia) melanopyga, Wied.

There can be no doubt that the closed or open condition of

the fourth posterior cell is a variable character in Cadicera.

Genus Panconia, Latr.

Pangonia compacta, sp. n.

9 —Length (6 specimens) 13°5 to 14°6 mm.; width of

head 4°6 to 5 mm.; width of front at vertex just under

1 mm.; length of proboscis 6 to 7 mm.; length of wing 11°5

to 12 mm.; greatest width of wing 4°75 mm.

Compactly built, thick-set species, with short and relatively

broad wings, and fourth as well as first posterior cell closed

before reaching margin ; dorsum of thorax dark olive-yellow

pollinose ; first three segments of abdomen ochraceous, re-

mainder black or blackish brown, with lighter hind borders ;

winys tinged with luteous ; femora black or blackish brown,

extreme tips and tibie and tarsi buff.

Head grey pollinose, yellowish on the front, vertical region

brownish ; a shining black median triangle on upper part of

front, its base a little above halfway between base of antennze

and occipital margin, and its apex directed backwards ;

front part of jowls dark brown; under side of head clothed

with yellowish-white hair, upper part of front with short

yellowish hair; palpi brown; first joint of antenne blackish,

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 213

second joint dusky with a reddish tinge, third joint ferru-

ginous, first and second joints slightly yellowish pollinose,

first joint with long brownish hairs above; proboscis curving

downwards. Thorax clothed with yellowish pile, longer and

somewhat paler on pleure. Abdomen: first segment with a

black median blotch, not reaching hind margin and almost

concealed by scutellum; second segment with a median

black spot roughly resembling a truncate triangle, which has

its base resting on front margin and scarcely extends beyond

middle of segment ; second and third segments with a more

or less distinct black patch on the lateral margins, and third

segment usually also with some indistinct. blackish markings

near the middle line ; first segment, except on median black

area, clothed with short, appressed, shining, chrome-yellow

hair; second and following segments, except on hind borders,

clothed with short appressed black hair; hind borders of

second, third, and fourth segments clothed with appressed,

shining, silvery-white hair, forming transverse bands which

are deeper towards the sides; hind borders of following

segments similarly fringed with shining chrome-yellow hair,

median portion of band on third segment also sometimes

chrome-yellow ; black hair on fifth and following segments

longer, forming a fringe at tip of abdomen; ventral surface

of first segment blackish, of second and third segments

orange-buff, clothed with minute, appressed, shining, chrome-

yellow hair, but without lighter bands on hind borders ;

ventral surface of fourth segment similar im coloration, but

with hind border lighter, and with base or a band across the

middle dark brown; ventral surface of remaining segments

black or blackish brown, with hind borders yellow and

clothed with chrome-yellow hair. Wings: first posterior cell

closed at a distance of from 0°75 to. 1 mm. before reaching

margin ; fourth posterior cell closed at one third of this

distance or less from margin; stigma ochreous; a tuft of

whitish hair on base of costa, conspicuous when wings are in

resting position. Squame porcelain-like. Halteres: stalk

ochraceous, knob yellowish white, conspicuous. Legs: coxe

yellowish-grey pollinose, clothed with yellowish hair; femora

clothed with black, tibize with bright cream-coloured hair.

Mashonaland, Southern Rhodesia: type and five other

specimens from Salisbury, April, November, December 1899,

and March 1900 (G. A. K. Marshall).

In addition to the foregoing, the Museum collection con-

tains a series of specimens of what appears to be a subspecies

214 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

of P. compacta, and may be designated and characterized as

follows :—

Pangonia compacta centralis, subsp. n.

? —Length 11°3 to 11°6 mm.; length of wing 10 mm.;

greatest width of wing 3°9 to 4-1 mm.

Agreeing in all respects with the typical form of P. compacta

except :—in its diminutive size (not exceeding 12mm.in length),

in the relatively somewhat greater reduction in the dimensions of

the median black spot on the second abdominal segment (whichis

generally of a quadrate or elongate quadrate shape, and does

not reach the middle of the segment), in the usually greater

depth of the pale hind border to the fourth segment (in which

the blackish-brown area is sometimes so much reduced that the

segment is almost entirely ochraceous), and in the darker colour

of the wings, which have a more brownish tinge.

Nyasaland Protectorate (British Central Africa): type

and six other specimens from the Samulu stream, near

Chibwano’s, Chikala, 29. 111. 1906 (Dr. J. E. S. Old). The

collector’s field-note is as follows :—‘‘ Numerous only near

the bank, in the heat of the day; flight rapid, with humming

sound much like that ordinarily associated with large common

flies. Several were found together in spots only; they

rushed at once to the ankles and legs, and inserted the long

proboscis. Vegetation—both short and long grass (1 to

5 feet), scrub, and Ficus-trees in the neighbourhood, and low

green trees fairly thick on the banks.”

_ In coloration and markings Pangonia compacta resembles

P. riippellii, Jaenn., the type of which was collected in

Abyssinia, from which, however, it can be distinguished by

its broader and bulkier body, shorter and broader wings, and

closed fourth posterior cell. In spite of the latter character,

which will also serve to differentiate the species from most

if not all other hitherto described African representatives of

the genus in its restricted sense, Pangonia compacta is a

true Pangonia, and cannot be referred to Scione, Walk.

(Diclisa, Schin.), a South-American genus the species of

which have hairy eyes and quite a different facies. In view

of the number of specimens (six of the typical form and

seven of the subspecies centralis) available for comparison,

and the fact that the same character is found in all, it is

impossible to consider the closure of the fourth posterior cell

as a mere aberration; P. compacta and the following

species, in which the fourth posterior cell is likewise closed,

must therefore be regarded as forming a group distinguished

from its congeners by the character in question.

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 215

Pangonia fodiens, sp. u.

¢.—Length (1 specimen) 13°55 mm.; width of head

4'5 mm. ; width of front at vertex 0°6 mm. ; length of wing

10°6 mm.; greatest width of wing 4°25 mm.

Fourth as well as first posterior cell closed before reaching

margin of wing.—Dorsum of thorax as in foregoing species ;

jirst segment of abdomen straw-yellow and pollinose, except

black area beneath scutellum, second and third segments ochra-

ceous, remainder deep black, with buff-coloured hind borders,

Sringed with shining yellowish hair ; basal half of venter cream-

buff, second and third segments clothed, except on basal angles,

with yellowish-white hair ; fourth and following segments of

venter deep black, with pale hind margins, very narrow and

inconspicuous on fifth, sixth, and seventh segments; wings

luteous, not relatively broad ; legs as in foregoing species, but

last two joints of front and middle tarsi brown, and tips of

other tarsal joints brown or brownish.

Head as in foregoing species, but face distinctly less pro-

duced, shining black callus on upper half of front guttate

instead of triangular, and hair on upper part of front black

or blackish; palpi black; coloration of first and second

joints of antenne as in P. compacta, though first joint

distinctly shorter ; third joint wanting. Thorax as in fore-

going species. Abdomen: dorsum of second and third

segments as in foregoing species, but median basal black

triangle on second segment broader and not reaching to

middle of segment; basal angles of ventral surface of second

and third segments clothed with minute black hairs. Hal-

teres as in foregoing species.

Nyasaland Protectorate (British Central Africa) : Samulu

stream, near Chibwano’s, Chikala, 29. 111. 1906 (Dr. J. E. S.

Old) : taken at same time and place as the specimens of

Pangonia compacta centralis referred to above.

Although presenting a strong superficial resemblance to

Pangonia compacta, P. fodiens can be distinguished at once

by its narrower head and body, less prominent face, and the

fact that the tarsi are tipped with brown; the front above

the antenne is also narrower; the remaining differences are

sufficiently indicated in the above description. For syste-

matic position, see remarks above, with reference to Pangonia

compacta,

Pangonia oldit, sp. n.

3 ¢.—Length, ¢ (10 specimens) 15°5 to18 mm., 9? (11

specimens) 15°2 to 17°6 mm.; width of head, (¢) 5 to 5°5

216 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

mm., (?) 5 to 5°75 mm.; width of front of 9 at vertex

0-75 tol mm.; length of proboscis, (g') 8°75 to 12 mm#

(2) 7:3 to 8°75 mm.; length of wing 13°6 to 15°6 mm.

Dusky, dark-winged species, with first two segments of |

abdomen tawny, remainder blackish brown with lighter hind

borders ; median area of third segment often more or less

tawny ; posterior angles of second, fourth, and fifth segments

clothed with silvery-white hair ; on second segment silvery

hair forms continuous band on hind margin, broadening out on

each side of middle line ; wings uniformly brownish, first

posterior cell closed before reaching margin, fourth posterior

cell open ; hind legs and front and middle femora chestnut,

tins of front and middle tarsi brown, basal joints and front

and middle tibie ochraceous buff.

Head yellowish pollinose, a brown or brownish patch on

middle of front in 9; face moderately prominent, with a

shining black somewhat triangular callus on each side, in ¢

extending to front margin of buccal cavity; 9 with a

shining reddish-brown, elongate, quadrate, median callus

between and immediately above bases of antenne, and a

shining dark brown ocellar spot; sides of face below tubercles

brownish; in ? terminal and most prominent portion of

face brown, or, when denuded, shining dark brown; anterior

portion of lower margin of jowls dark brown.; under side of

head clothed with yellowish-white hair; palpi ferruginous ;

antenne orange-rufous, first and second joints pollinose, in

3 upper side of first and upper and under sides of second

joint bearing long black hairs, which in ? are confined to

upper side of second joint. Thorax: dorsum dark brown,

yellowish pollinose, and clothed with short yellowish pile,

which is intermixed with blackish hairs; lateral margins

edged with longer pale yellowish hair, forming a fringe on

each side, which includes the postalar callus; the usual

longitudinal markings on dorsum, as also the transverse

suture, rendered somewhat more distinct by denser pollen,

especially in ?; pleuree clothed with yellowish pile, a tuft of

black or blackish-brown hair on mesopleura, below and a little

in front of base of wing. Abdomen: first segment with a

blackish median area, wholly or partly concealed by scutel-

hum ; near this dark blotch clothed with blackish hair, else-

where with shining cadmium-yellow pile, especially con-

spicuous on posterior angles and hind margin ; second and

following segments, except where clothed with silvery-white

pule as indicated in diagnosis above, covered with short

black hair; im @, second segment usually with a small

African Phlebotomie Diptera. yay,

black median basal spot or triangle; hind borders of third

and following segments dull, sepia-coloured in ¢, mummy-

brown in ¢?; silvery-white hair on posterior angles of fourth

segment covering from one fourth to one third of hind

margin on each side; lateral margins of sixth or sixth and

seventh segments also with yellowish or whitish hair: ventrat

surface, extreme base of first segment blackish or brownish ;

remainder of tirst and whole of second segment tawny ; in J

base of third segment sometimes likewise tawny, but tawny

area of venter sharply marked off from blackish-brown apical

portion ; in venter of @ the two colours are usually less

sharply contrasted, and the central portion of the third and

following segments is often more or less tawny, the blackish-

brown colour being confined to the sides of the segments ;

venter of ¢ clothed with minute black hairs, denser and

somewhat longer on apical segments ; second segment with

more or less conspicuous silvery-white hairs near hind

margin, and similar hairs often present near hind margin of

fourth segment on each side; sixth and seventh segments

with pale yellowish hairs on posterior angles: venter of 9

with more pale hairs ; second segment with minute silvery

hairs interspersed among the black except on basal angles ;

pale yellowish hairs largely present on fourth, also clothing

sides of fifth segment, and predominant on following

segments. AHalteres: stalk brownish, knob buff to ochraceous

buff. Legs: front and middle femora and hind legs (except

under side of tarsi) clothed with black hair; under side of

hind tarsi clothed with ferruginous hair; front and middle

tibize clothed with pale yellowish hair.

Nyasaland Protectorate (British Central Africa) : types of

6 and ¢ and 16 other specimens from the Nangondo

stream and its vicinity, Masanji-Shire District, 31. ii. 1906

(Dr. J. H. S. Old) ; &specimens from the Upper Shire River,

near Mpimbi, 20 miles west of Zomba, 1100 feet, May 1905,

‘In large numbers following the nswala antelope” [Apy-

ceros melampus| (Major F. B. Pearce, C.M.G., Deputy

Commissioner). The field-note by Dr. Old (after whom I

have much pleasure in naming this fine species, as a slight

recognition of the efforts made by him during the last four

years to supply the National Collection with specimens of

the blood-sucking Diptera of British Central Africa) is as

follows :—‘‘ Nangondo stream: here and some miles beyond,

where I shot an mpala [Apyceros melampus|, which seemed

to attract them after a little while, a large Pangonia was

seen. I send several specimens of it. It makes a loud

218 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

humming noise, resembling that of a large bee, and on

alighting immediately thrusts its long proboscis through the

skin.”

Pangonia oldit is closely allied to P. zonata, Walk. (a

Somaliland species, the type of which is from Tajurrah), but

may be distinguished as follows:—In P. oldit the shining

callus on each side of the face is longer and less abruptly

truncated ; the sides of the second abdominal segment in

front of the hind border are clothed with black instead of

golden-yellow hair ; the hair on the posterior angles of the

second aud fourth abdominal segments is pure white instead

of yellowish; on the fourth segment these white hairs do not

extend to the middle line, whereas the fourth abdominal

segment of P. zonata, ? , hasa continuous broad hind border

of yellowish hair; on the ventral surface the median portion

of the second abdominal segment of P. oldii, 9, is clothed

largely with silvery hair, that of the same segment of

P. zonata, ?, with yellowish hair; the ventral surface of

the dark segments at the distal extremity of the abdomen of

P. oldii, 2, is clothed with black and yellowish hair inter-

mixed, while in the case of P. zonata, 9, the ventral

surface of the same segments is exclusively clothed with a

thick coat of yellowish hair: other differences are to be

found in the colour of the legs and hair clothing them.

SYNONYMY.

Pangonia alboatra, Walk. (Ins. Saund., Dipt. i. (1850)

p. 18.—Cape of Good Hope),=P. angulata, Fabr. In

Walker’s type the white hind border to the second abdominal

segment is interrupted in the middle, but the interruption is

apparently due to denudation, since, when the abdomen is

viewed obliquely from the right front, the hinder border

appears to be complete.

Pangonia magrettui, Bezzi (Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. xxxiii.

(1901) p. 7.-—Eritrea), is, perhaps, merely a dark form or

subspecies of P. riippellii, Jaenn., the type of which is from

Abyssinia.

TABANINE.

Genus Hamatopora, Mg.

Hematopota fulva, sp. n.

?.—Length (6 specimens) 85 to 10°'4 mm.; width of

African Phlebotomie Diptera. 219

head 2:4 to 3:2 mm.; width of front at vertex 1 mm.;

length of wing 8°5 to 10 mm.

Tawny ; thorax somewhat darker, russet ; abdomen uni-

colorous, without markings ; wings ochraceous, with a broad

light brown or drab-coloured border, commencing just beyond

the stigma (above the end of the backwardly-direeted appendia

to the upper branch of the third vein) and extending to the

anal angle, or nearly so; legs tawny, front tarsi and tips of

joints of middle and hind tarsi brown.

Head tawny ; frontal callus fairly deep, its upper margin

straight ; brown spot on each side of front well-marked and

conspicuous, median frontal spot absent; a small reddish-

brown fleck below callus in middle line, between and just

above bases of antennz ; face with a shining triangular spot

on each side, its apex directed backwards and extending on

to jowl; hair clothing jowls tawny ; palpi tawny, clothed with

blackish mixed with bright tawny hair; antenne tawny, last

three annuli of third jomt black, expanded portion of third

joimt sometimes considerably infuscated towards the tip,

first joint short, not incrassated, first and second joints

clothed with black hair, last annulus of third joint equal in

length to the two preceding annuli taken together. Thorax

without conspicuous markings; close to front margin the

commencement of a narrow light grey median stripe, at some

little distance on each side of which is a faintly indicated

light stripe (sometimes tawny olive) extending to transverse

suture ; pleurze, pectus, and scutellum of same colour as

dorsum. Abdomen clothed with minute ochraceous hairs.

Wings: characteristic Hematopota-markings very faint,

noticeable mainly in the basal halves of the posterior cells,

from the second to the fifth ; no dark blotch beneath stigma,

which is large, elongate, and cinnamon-coloured ; first and

second basal cells, first submarginal cell as far as fork of

third vein, and first posterior cell to same distance without

dark markings; one or two faint darker blotches in discal

cell, and two or three in apical portion of anal cell; two

faint, pale, sinuous streaks usually visible in apex of wing,

running from second to third veins, beyond fork of latter;

extreme bases of second to fifth posterior cells usually not

infuscated ; lower down a more or less distinet double row

of curved light markings running across these cells, in a

direction roughly parallel to hind margin, the upper row

sometimes merged in the pale bases of the cells ; no pale

flecks along hind margin itself, at tips of veins; a doubly

curved light streak across the axillary eell beyond the

middle; when the wing is viewed against a dark back-

230 Mr. EK. E. Austen on new

ground, remains of the usual rosettes round the fork of the

third vein, distal extremity of the discal cell, and distal

extremity of the second basal cell can be seen more or less

distinctly in different specimens ; appendix to upper branch

of third vein rather long. Halteres mummy-brown, stalk

ochraceous buff.

Angola: type and five other specimens from Benguella,

February 1905 (Dr. F. Creighton Wellman). Dr. Wellman

sends the following note with reference to this species :—

‘Found in sedgy and grass-grown marshes, near large

streams. Like others of its genus, a vicious biter; fairly

active; twelve specimens taken.” The collector is to be

congratulated on the discovery of this remarkable species,

which, owing to its peculiar coloration, cannot be confused

with any of its congeners known to me from any part of the

world.

Hematopota denshamit, sp. n.

?.—Length (6 specimens) 9°6 to 11:3 mm.; width of

head 2°8 to 8 mm.; width of front at vertex 1 mm.; length

of wing 8'6 to 10°3 mm.

Olive-brown, with five olive-grey longitudinal stripes on

dorsum of thorax, and a narrow median light stripe on

abdomen ; frontal callus black; wings tinged with buff, and

with a brown border to the tip and hind margin, as far as the

end of the sixth vein; coxe dark grey, femora olive- or greyish

brown.

Head smoke-grey to yellowish grey, vertex with a pair of

faint light brown longitudinal stripes, which meet together

above callus; frontal callus of moderate depth, its upper

margin slightly convex and rising to a point in the median

line, which in rubbed specimens may be produced into a

shining ridge; brown spot on each side of front usually

well marked, median frontal spot absent ; palpi pinkish buff,

elongate, blunt at the tips, clothed with black interspersed

with light yellowish hair ; first and second joints of antenne

ochraceous buff, first joint not swollen, expanded portion of

third joint dark brown, rufous at the base, last three annuli

black, last annulus equal in length to the two preceding

annuli taken together. Thorax: median stripe on dorsum

only half as wide as admedian stripes, latter wider in front;

pleure and pectus olive-grey. Abdomen clothed with minute,

appressed, buff-yellow hairs ; venter olive-grey on each side.

Wings: light markings rather coarse ; against a dark back-

ground remains of the usual three rosettes can be distin-

guished, otherwise the markings are confined to the brown

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 221

border; two sinuous streaks running across tips of sub-

marginal cells, beyond fork of third vein, the distal streak

breaking up into a series of detached markings running

across the posterior cells; axillary cell faintly tinged with

brown, with a broad pale streak running parallel with the

wing-margin and continued along the sixth vein, thus

enclosing an area of darker colour; basal, anal, and discal

cells, proximal two-thirds of first posterior cell, and bases of

remaining posterior cells not infuscated; a faint dark

marking usually visible across middle of discal cell; stigma

dark brown, conspicuous. //alteres light russet to brown,

stalk yellowish. Legs: tibiz ochraceous buff, clothed with

minute ochraceous hairs, distal two-thirds of front tibiz

brown ; front tarsi dark brown, middle and hind tarsi lighter

brown, ochraceous buff at base.

Uganda, Nile Province : type and three other specimens

taken between Nimule and Wadelai, June 1906 (the late

Dr. W. A. Densham); two additional specimens from Nimule,

November 1904, “ on cattle”? (Capt. E. D. W. Greig, I.M.S8.).

Named in memory of the late Dr. W. A. Densham, who,

when forwarding his specimens, wrote as follows :—‘ This

species was a great pest in June 1906 between Nimule and

Wadelai, especially where the grass was long. It did not

occur particularly near water, but chiefly along native paths,

through open rolling grassy country. Natives are much

annoyed by its bite.”

Hematopota denshamii is closely allied to H. similis,

Ricardo, and H. unicolor, Ricardo, both of which also occur

in Uganda; from the former, however, it is distinguished by

the colour of the basal joints of the antennz, the deeper

frontal callus, and the last annulus of the third joint of the

antennz being as long as the two preceding joints taken

together, instead of but little longer than either; from

H. unicolor it may be distinguished by the colour of the

frontal callus, and by the first joint of the antennze not being

swollen.

Hematopota semiclara, sp. n.

?.—Length (7 specimens) 7-5 to 96 mm.; width of

head 2°25 to 2°6 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°8 mm. to

] mm.

Grey, body narrow; thorax light olive-grey, with four

lighter or darker brown longitudinal stripes ; abdomen olive-

grey, second to sixth segments inclusive more or less olive on

each side of median line, leaving a narrow light median stripe ;

wing-markings exceedingly faint, tip of wing and hind border

229 Mr. EK. E. Austen on new

lightly infuscated and variegated with vestiges of the usual

light marks, but central area of wing devoid of markings and

semi-hyaline ; legs dull tawny, tips of tarst darker.

Head grey on front, yellowish grey on face and jowls ;

Jrontal callus dark brown, sometimes more or less ochraceous,

very narrow from above downwards, upper margin often

produced upwards into a triangular prominence in middle

line; blackish-brown or black spot on each side of front

well marked, when seen from above it appears surrounded

by a very light grey area, median frontal spot absent ; palpi

cream-buff, clothed on outer side with black hair intermixed

with some ochraceous hairs ; antenne short, first and second

joints ochraceous buff, first joint slightly incrassated, clothed

hike the second with black hair, third jomt dark brown,

ochraceous at base, last three annuli black, last annulus

about equal in length to the two preceding annuli taken

together. Thorax: dark stripes on dorsum often not

reaching front margin; scutellum with a brown fleck on

each side, which is sometimes obsolete. Abdomen: olive

patches on second and majority of following segments

usually quadrate in shape, lateral margins of segments grey :

venter with an olive median stripe. Wings: area devoid of

markings includes basal, anal, and discal cells, and proximal

two-thirds of first submarginal and first posterior cells ;

second and third posterior cells also without markings at

extreme base; stzgma elongate, dull tawny ochraceous to

dark brown, conspicuous. Legs : front tarsi reddish brown,

last joints of middle and hind tarsi brown. |

Angola: type and five other specimens from the vicinity

of Bailundo, November to December 1904 (Dr. F. Creighton

Wellman) ; one specimen from Benguella, 1905 (Dr. F. C.

Wellman). When forwarding these flies Dr. Wellman

wrote :—“‘I took about 60 specimens of this species in long

grass in a treeless valley, and in thin bush on the side of a

mountain, 220 to 800 miles from the coast. Sluggish.

Eyes bright green when alive. Some specimens were

infested with a minute red tick.””? Like the foregoing species,

Hematopota semiclara is allied to H. unicolor, Ricardo,

but it is distingaished by its smaller size, more slender

shape, less swollen first antennal joint, and by the wing-

markings, inter alia by the discal cell being entirely semi-

hyaline.

Genus Tasanvs, Linn.

Tabanus denshamit, sp. 0.

2 .—Length (4 specimens) 17 to 21 mm. ; width of head

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 223

6 to 7 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°6 mm. to just under

1 mm.; length of wing 14 to 17 mm.

Seal-brown ; longitudinal stripes on dorsum of thorax and

a median series of very broad truncated triangles on abdomi-

nal segments grey or smoke-grey ; wings with extreme base,

costal border as far as end of first longitudinal vein, and base

of anal cell dark brown ; veins in proximal two-thirds of wing

distincily suffused with brown.

Head : front, face, and jowls grey pollinose; subcallus

cream-buff pollinose; face and jowls clothed with whitish

hair ; sides of front only slightly convergent below; frontal

callus and its linear extension (when visible) chestnut, callus

elongate quadrate, rounded above, touching or but narrowly

separated from the eye on each side ; ocellar region slightly

brownish; eyes bare; palpi tapering to a point, clothed

with pale yellowish hairs, sometimes thickly interspersed

with black hairs on outer side ; first joint of antenne pollinose

rufous, its upper angle blackish brown, second joint dark

brown, third joint black or blackish brown. Thorax: pectus,

pleurz, a broad ill-defined stripe above base of wings, and

three sharply marked dorsal stripes, the median one very

narrow and scarcely extending beyond middle, grey; a stripe

of black hair in front of base of wing; postalar callus

bearing a conspicuous tuft of whitish hair; grey dorsal

stripes clothed with yellowish hair, dorsum elsewhere

clothed with dark brown or blackish hair, pectus and pleurz

with whitish hair; scutellum grey pollinose, ground-colour

ferruginous, brownish at base, clothed at base and on disk

with dark brown hair, margin fringed with whitish hair.

Abdomen : median series of very broad, truncated, smoke-

grey triangles on dorsum very conspicuous and sharply

defined, forming a continuous series extending from the

second to fifth segment inclusive; on the first segment

there is merely a median grey spot, in contact with the

truncated apex of the triangle on the second segment; on

the second, third, and fourth segments the broad bases of

the triangles, which rest on the hind margin, extend on each

side considerably beyond the truncated apex of the following

triangle; a median grey mark sometimes visible on sixth

segment; second, third, and fourth segments with a small,

somewhat oval, grey spot on each side of the median

triangle, and much less pronounced than the latter ; first

segment lightly greyish pollinose when viewed obliquely

from bebind ; triangles clothed with minute pale yellowish

hairs ; lateral margins of segments clothed with whitish

hair; venter greyish pollinose, clothed with minute pale

924. Mr. E. E. Austen on new

yellowish hairs, except last segment, which is clothed with

coarse, erect, and much longer black hair, and median

region of penultimate segment, which is clothed with short

black hair; ground-colour of venter ferruginous, with a very

broad, interrupted or subinterrupted, dark brown median

stripe; second and following segments with a narrow brown

posterior band in front of hind margin; extreme hind

margins cream-buff. Wings: among the veins suffused

with brown are the base of the anterior intercalary vein and

the posterior transverse vein (together forming the distal

boundary of the discal cell), and the extreme base of the

upper branch of the third longitudinal; alula and base of

anal angle brown, central portion of alula paler; squame

blackish brown. Halteres brown, knobs usually yellowish.

Legs: dull ferruginous pollinose, front femora, tips of front

tibiee, and all tarsi brownish black; hair for the most part

whitish or yellowish, a conspicuous fringe on outside of hind

tibiee.

Uganda and North-eastern Rhodesia: type and two

other specimens from Unyoro, Uganda, halfway between

Masindi and Murchison Falls, January 1907 (the late Dr.

W. A. Densham) ; a fourth specimen from Fwambo, N.-E.

Rhodesia (near the south-eastern end of Lake Tanganyika),

between October 1892 and February 1893 (W. H. Nutt).

This exceedingly striking species has been named in

honour of the late Dr. W. A. Densham, Medical Officer,

Sleeping Sickness Extended Investigations, Uganda, who

unfortunately lost his life at the end of May 1907, through

being charged by a wounded buffalo. Dr. Densham’s

specimens, which were received barely two months before his

death, formed part of a small but interesting collection of

blood-sucking Diptera from Uganda, most carefully pinned,

in excellent condition, and accompanied by notes. Another

collection had previously been received from Dr. Densham,

and there can be no doubt that, had it not been for bis

untimely death, our knowledge of the blood-sucking flies of

one of the newest dependencies of the British Crown would

have been largely augmented by the efforts of this pains-

taking investigator. :

Dr. Densham’s field-note on this species is as follows :—

“T saw this fly for the first time in January 1907, halfway

between Masindi and the Murchison Falls. In its flight and

manner of alighting it resembles Fly no. 4 [ Tabanus teniola,

Pal. de Beauv.|, and I overlooked the first that appeared.

I found it in several camps in the neighbourhood, but its

distribution seems very local. The natives say that it is ar

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 225

elephant-fly, but I shot an elephant in the vicinity, and saw

no biting flies at all on or near it.”

Tabanus denshamii is allied to T. nyase, Ricardo (Ann. &

Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. vi. 1900, p. 164:—syn. T. tar-

salis, Adams, Kansas Univ. Se. Bull. vol. iii. (xiii.) 1905,

p- 151), the type of which is from British Central Africa.

T. nyase, however, is distinguished by its more hyaline

wings, less deeply suffused veins, the costal border to end of

first vein being merely tawny instead of dark brown, absence

of infuscation at the base of the upper branch of the third

vein, much larger lateral abdominal spots, narrower median

triangles on the abdominal segments, and paler femora and

tibize.

Tabanus wellmanii, sp. n.

? .—Length (6 specimens) 11°25 to 12°3 mm.; width of

head 4 to 455 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°5 mm.;

length of wing 10 to 11°3 mm.

Front narrow, pearl-grey above ; thorax clove-brown, with

a pair of pearl-grey stripes scarcely extending beyond trans-

verse suture, and a narrow transverse band of silvery pile on

hind border ; abdomen seal-brown, third and fourth segments

each with a greyish-white median spot, bluntly triangular or

semioval in outline, and clothed with shining, appressed cream-

coloured hair.

Head clove-brown, front, face, jowls, and occiput grey

pollinose, face and jowls clothed with white hair; frontal

callus and subcallus (? denuded) dark brown, the former

elongate quadrate, extending from eye to eye; palpi dark

brown, slender, clothed with whitish hair; first and second

joints of antenne slate-grey, clothed above with minute

black hairs, first joit also with whitish hairs below, third

joint narrow, elongate, clove-brown, slightly ferruginous at

extreme base. Thorax: grey dorsal stripes conspicuous

when viewed from behind, the interspace also greyish,

divided by a narrow median light brown stripe, each grey

stripe with a light brown outer edging; ground-colour of

transverse posterior band (including greater portion of post-

alar calli) pearl-grey ; pectus and pleure greyish pollinose,

clothed with whitish hair; scutellum bluish-grey pollinose,

upper portion of hind margin brownish. Abdomen: median

spots with their bases resting on hind margins of segments,

spot on third segment not reaching to front margin ; sides

of first segment, and posterior angles of second, third, and

fourth segments grey, clothed with whitish hair; hind

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 15

226 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

margins of third and fourth segments, on each side of median

spot, narrowly grey; venter greyish pollinose, basal portion

of segments usually brownish ; last two segments clothed

with erect black hair, remainder with short, more or less

appressed, whitish hair. Wings with a brownish tinge;

stigma well defined, brown; sguame dark brown. AHalteres.

brown, knobs somewhat lighter. Legs clove-brown ; tibie,

except tips, cream-coloured and clothed with whitish hair ;

second, thiid, and fourth joints of front tarsi strongly

expanded.

Angola: type and five other specimens from the Chiyaka

district, March 1906 (Dr. F. Creighton Wellman). I

have much pleasure in naming this species after its dis-

coverer, who states that it is a “ pertinacious biter,” and

was “taken in a thick jungle ” *.

This and the following species are allied to Tabanus insignis,

Lw., but present still closer resemblance to a new species

which occurs in French Congo (Gaboon), and will shortly

be described by M. Surcouf, of the Muséum d’Histoire

Naturelle, Paris, under the name of Tubanus argenteus.

From this species 7. wellmanii is distinguished by the

presence of the pearl-grey stripes on the thorax, by the

band of silvery pile on the hind border being much less

deep, by the scutellum being for the most part bluish grey

instead of dark brown except at the base, and by the

abdominal spots not being semicircular and their transverse

diameter being much less: the width of each spot is less

than that of the space between it and the lateral margin of

ihe segment, instead of greater, asin 7. argenteus.

Tabanus sharpet, sp. ni.

@.—Length (1 specimen) 11°55 mm.; width of head

4mm.; width of front at vertex 0°6 mm. ; length of wing

9°25 mm.

Closely resembling foregoing species, but distinguishable by

the abdominal markings and wider front.—Clove-brown ;

front pearl-grey ; thorax with a pair of narrow, well-defined,

pearl-grey stripes, ending just beyond transverse suture, and

hind border pearl-grey, clothed with silvery pile ; abdomen

with sides of first segment, a large quadrate blotch on posterior

angles of second, and a doubly emarginate cross-band on hind

* For description of Chrysops wellmani, Austen, discovered by

Dr. Wellman in the same district and at the same time, cf. Austen, Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. ser, 7, vol. xx., Dec. 1907, pp. 512-518,

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 227

borders of third and fourth segments, deepest in centre, light

grey.

Head grey pollinose, face and jowls clothed with white

hair; front narrowing anteriorly ; frontal callus somewhat

elongate, extending from eye to eye below, narrower above ;

palpi fairly broad at base, then tapering rapidly, cream-buff,

clothed with whitish hair; first two joints of antenne

greyish, their upper angles blackish, first joint clothed for

the most part with whitish hair, third joint clove-brown, its

basal portion broad. Thorax: some yellowish hairs near

anterior margin of dorsum, between the stripes; hair on

latter whitish ; pectus and pleure greyish pollinose, clothed

with whitish hair; scutel’um clove-brown, paler at extreme

base. Abdomen: grey markings clothed with whitish hairs,

ground-colour with blackish or dark brown hair; venter

grey, with clove-brown cross-band at base of each segment,

except first and second, which are entirely grey, and last

segment, which is entirely clove-brown; erect coarse black

hair on under side of last segment long. Wangs hyaline,

stigma inconspicuous ; squame brownish. Halteres walnut-

brown. Legs: femora dark greyish brown; tibiz, except

tips, cream-buff ; front tarsi and tips of front tibiz black ;

middle and hind tarsi, and tips of middle and hind tibiz, seal-

brown; front tarsi expanded; femora and tibiz clothed with

whitish or yellowish-white hair ; whitish hairs also present

on upper side of first three tarsal joints.

Nyasaland Protectorate (British Central Africa) : a single

specimen from Katumbe, North Nyasa, 6. xii. 1906 (Dr. J.

E. 8. Old). The collector’s field-note with reference to this

fly is as follows :—‘“‘ Country, swampy jungle, with very tall,

coarse reeds, and forest with low trees. Only game seen

were bushbuck, waterbuck, and wart-hog; old eland spoor

plentiful, and that of buffalo some months old.” ‘This

species has been named after Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.G.,

C.B., Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Nyasaland

Protectorate, whose efforts on behalf of the big game of the

territory under his administration have entitled him to the

gratitude of all who have the welfare of the African fauna at

heart.

For affinities of T. sharpei see notes on T. wellmanii above.

Besides the differences already mentioned, 7. sharpet can be

distinguished from 7. wellmanii by the hyaline wings, the

practical absence of the stigma, and the narrower front

tarsi, in which the angles of the expanded joints are more

rounded and much less produced. From TJ. argenteus,

15*

298 Baron F. von Huene on. Phytosaurian Remains

Surcouf, MS., 7. sharpei is distinguished inter alia by the

broader front, the much shorter and broader basal portion of

the third joint of the antenne, the shorter palpi, conspicuous

grey stripes on the front part of the dorsum of the thorax,

the shape of the abdominal markings, and the hyaline

wings.

XXXIII.—On Phytosaurian Remains from the Magnesian

Conglomerate of Bristol (Rileya platyodon). By Friep-

ricH Baron HuEng, D.Sc., Tiibingen, Germany.

{Plate VI. ]

SoME years ago the writer published (Pal. u. geol. Abhandl.

vi. (x.) 1902, pp. 62 & 63) a description of one humerus and

two vertebre from the Bristol Conglomerate as Phytosaurian,

with the new name Rileya bristolensis. Now, after having

finished the monograph of European Triassic Dinosaurs

(which has not yet completely appeared), I find some more

Phytosaurian bones, which I propose to describe here.

The tooth described by Riley and Stutchbury (Trans. Geol.

Soc. v. 1836, pl. xxix. fig. 5) as Palewosaurus platyodon (and

figured by Owen, ‘ Odontography,’ 1845, pl. Ixi1. A, fig, 7)

is not a Dinosaurian, but a Phytosaurian tooth. There is no

difference between this tooth and some of the Belodont teeth

in the Stuttgart Museum. The name Palwosaurus cannot be

accepted, because it is preoccupied by Geoffroy for another

reptile (Mém. Inst. xii, 1831, p. 48). As this tooth and

seven other bones are the only Phytosaurian remains amongst

a great many Dinosaurian bones, it is highly probable they

belong to the same animal. Some of the bones alone have

been called Lileya bristolensis, therefore the generic name

Rileya must now comprise the tooth also. Of course the

oldest of the specific names has to be applied, so the animal

will be called Rileya platyodon, Riley and Stutchbury sp.

Teeth.—The outline of the broad and compressed tooth

(type specimen in the Bristol Museum) is like that of a

broad lancet-shaped leaf. The base is a little laced. The

sharp anterior and posterior edges are finely serrated, so that

in 1 mm. length there are little more than 38 denticules.

The latter are disposed vertically to the border. The crown

is 17 mm. long and 12°5 mm. in maximum breadth. Another

tooth from Bristol is in the British Museum (PI. VI. fig. 1).

HIvENE.

eee @"=7 ~ a

Fia4. 4.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. S. 8. Vol. 1. Pl.

from the Magnesian Conglomerate of Bristol. 229

Vertebre.—The vertebra (fig. 2) are too long for the two

species of T’hecodontosaurus occurring at Bristol. Both centra

are similar to those of Steganolepis Robertsont, Huxley, from

Elgin (Pal. u. geol. Abhandl. vi. (x.) 1902, p. 63, fig. 76).

They are proximal caudal vertebrae. One of them is 80 mm.

long and 25 mm. high, the other is 48 mm. long and 23 mm.

high. Both articular faces are slightly concave. There are

low preezygapophyses preserved. These vertebre are in the

possession of the Yale University Museum, New Haven,

Conn., U.S.A.

Heemapophyses.—In the Bristol Museum (no. 30) is a

proximal hemapophysis (fig. 3). It is widely bifurcated and

had probably two separated articular faces. The distal

extremity is broken off.

Meee CCOMGNOL IG o sieuce do views tice paren oats 40

Greatest diameter from one proximal ramus to

ELC MOEA REA trars ev ap'e stole + Sale vice usta ae 30

Length of the clasp, anterior side.............. 16

3 Pe DOSLOriOr SIdG uJ. wenaied emer 30

Transverse diameter of the clasp .............. 9

Humerus.—The writer has already described one humerus

(Pal. u. geol. Abhandl. vi. (x.) 1902, p. 62, fig. 75), and in

the British Museum is a second one. Both are right humert.

That in the British Museum (fig. 4) is incomplete at the

distal end, but it is larger than the humerus (fig. 5) in the

Bristol Museum (nos, 95 & 96). The anterior aspect of the

proximal end is not visible in both humeri; therefore the

length of the processus lateralis is unknown. The proximal

and distal ends have the same breadth. The median border

is strongly incurved, the lateral one is nearly straight.

Besides the condylus lateralis is a broad and sharp-edged

ectepicondylus. The caput humeri is broken off in both

specimens.

Bristol Brit. Mus.

specimen. specimen.

mm, mm,

Total. length: Gite cides ass 170 (P?) 190 (pre-

served 150)

Width at proximal end ........ 55 (P60) 75 (80?)

+ Mista end sh venue ts st 50 (? 60)

Diameter in the middle of shaft.. 20 23

Radius.—A bone in the Bristol Museum (no. 52) is to be

taken as the radius (fig. 6). It is not quite complete at both

extremities. ‘Ihe thicker end is the distal one; it shows a

230 Baron F. von Huene on Phytosaurian Remains.

stronger curvature to one side, which must be the ulnar one.

The section at the proximal end is oval.

mm,

Preserved length). 6.5% 400 wae eee 130

Probablelengeh 6 e's. ie ase eee eee ee 135

Diameters at proximal end .............00. 25/15

Diameterin the nniddle 40. sien eee 12s

Diameters at distalsend -) 0. 220566 sees 30/17

Metacarpal.—A little flat bone (fig. 7) in the Bristol Mu-

seum (no. 102) is probably a metacarpal bone. It resembles

a little the metacarpal of Rhytidodon figured by McGregor

(Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. ix. 1906, pl. ix. fig. 27).

mm.

Lengthy oii iced sca Gree crit g et eee ei ee 56

Diameters. of proximal-end .°.. <<. asso eee 30/12

vs distalcend 05 i.e. itunes eee 19/11

i in the middle. i scUiy..c Saetee 8/17

The bones of Releya platyodon indicate an animal of great

size. It might be as large as Mystriosuchus, Belodon, and

Rhytidodon; it is even larger than Steganolepis. The

anterior leg is much more slender than in Steganolepis, about

as much as in Lhytidodon, only the metacarpals seem to

be more enlarged at both extremities. The hemapophyses

have two articular faces, as in Lhytidodon.

The teeth of * Palwosaurus”’ stricklandi, Davis (Quart.

Journ. Geol. Soc. xxxvil. 188], pl. xxii. fig. 6), from the

Rheetic, which are very similar to those here described, also

of course belong to a Phytosaur.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

Fig. 1. Tooth of Rileya platyodon, Riley and Stutchbury sp., about nat.

size (specimen in the British Museum). a, side view; 6, front

view ; ¢, transverse section; d, enlargement of the serration.

Fig. 2. Two caudal vertebree (in the Yale University Museum, New

Haven, Conn.), 5 nat. size. Hach shows one preezygapophysis.

Fig. 3. Back view of proximal hemapophysis (in the Bristol Museum,

no. 30), 4 nat. size.

Fig. 4. Back view of right humerus (in the British Museum), 3 nat. size.

Fig. 5, Back view of right humerus (in the Bristol Museum, no, 96),

4 nat. size.

Fg. 6, Radius (Gin the Bristol Museum, no. 52), 3 nat. size. a, whole

view ; 6, distal end from opposite side ; ¢, distal end from right

side of fig. a; d, section at proximal end; e, section in the

sae Cag J, section at distal end (the flat side of it is upper side

In Ug. @).

Figs. 7a, 76. Metacarpal (in the Bristol Museum, no. 102), 2 nat. size.

Two views of the same.

On the Ophidian Genus Emydocephalus. 231

XX XIV.—Note on the Ophidian Genus Emydocephalus.

By G. A. BouLenGer, F’.R.S.

THE genus Lmydocephalus was proposed by G. Krefft in

1869 for two sea-snakes, EH. annulatus, Krefft, and LE. tuber-

culatus, Krefft, distinguished from <Azpysurus, Lacep., by

the presence of only three labial shields above and below. I

regard Krefft’s snakes as based on individual differences of

the same species, which was described about the same time

by Bavay as Atpysurus chelonicephalus, and lately by Stejneger

as Hmydocephalus yime. I have now examined a goo

number of these snakes from the Loyalty Islands and from

the Loo Choo Islands, and I have not the slightest doubt

that they all belong to one species. In his recent work on

the Reptiles of Japan, Stejneger dissents “ most emphatically ”

from this procedure, and maintains his £. ime as distinct.

However, it will be seen, by referring to his own work, that

Major Wall has reported upon six examples from Okinawa,

Loo Choo, which clearly show the characters on which he

based the distinction to be inconstant.

There is, however, one point in which I now agree with

Dr. Stejneger, and that is that the genus Hmydocephalus

should be held distinct from Azpysurus, with which I had

united it in ignorance of its very marked cranial and dental

characters. Stejneger has already pointed out that, contrary

to the definition of Acpysurus, the maxillary bone in Hmydo- —

cephalus is shorter than the ectopterygoid, and that the poison-

fangs are not followed by a series of smaller teeth. But this

is not all. Having had a skull prepared, I tind that the

dentition is rudimentary on the palatine, pterygoid, and

dentary bones, that the poison-fangs are remarkably small,

and that the supratemporal bone (squamosal of most authors)

differs from that of all other sea-snakes in being small and

not detached posteriorly from the cranium, a condition very

similar to that of H/aps among the terrestrial Elapines. The

postorbital, which is large in Azpysurus, is vestigial in

Eimydocephalus.

‘The validity of the genus Lmydocephalus is therefore

beyond question.

202 Dr. W. T. Calman on

XXX V.—WNotes on a small Collection of Plankton from

New Zealand.—I.

THE collection was made by Miss Margaret Benson, D.Sc.,

in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, about 35° S8., 174° E.

It is much to be desired that other travellers should follow

this excellent example; the necessary outfit is small and

inexpensive, the work is easy and clean. :

Three hauls were made under different conditions, but all

were at the surface and between high water and half-tide.

Surface

Haul. Date. Hour. temp. Remarks.

LA 18. vi. 06. 5 to 5.45 P.M. 54° FB. Overcast.

SLT Sefer 21. vi. 06. 9.10 P.M. 54° F, Starlight.

Os ae 23. vi. 06. 4.50 P.M. Die ds Clear, sunset.

As might be expected, the bulk of the catch in each case

consisted of Medusz, Copepoda, and other small Crustacea.

I. CRUSTACEA (excluding CopEpoDA).

By W. T. Cauman, D.Sc., British Museum.

(a2) CLADOCERA.

Pentlia schmackert, Richard.

Penilia schmackeri, Richard, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7) xviii. p. 344,

pl. xv. figs. 5, 7, 11, 15, pl. xvi. fig. 8 (1895).

Penilia pacifica, Krimer, Trans. New Zealand Inst. xxvii. p. 222,

pl. xxiii, figs. 1-5 (1895).

Penihia schmackeri, Hansen, Cladoceren u. Cirripedien, Plankton-Exp,

p. 4, pl.i. figs. 1-1 6 (1899); Sudler, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.

xxix. pp. 109-181, 3 pls. (1899); Richard, Bull. Mus. Oceanogr.

Monaco, no. 52, p. 9 (1905).

The numerous specimens referred to this species (hauls 1 4,

1B, and 1C), which are all females, agree closely with the

figures and descriptions of Richard and Hansen quoted above,

and confirm the suggestion of Hansen that the P. pacifica ot

Kramer, from Hauraki Gulf and Port Jackson, is identical

with Richard’s species. The known distribution of the

species includes Hong Kong, Vera Cruz (Gulf of Mexico),

Beaufort (North Carolina), the Gulf of Guinea, and the

Mediterranean.

Plankton Crustacea from New Zealand. 233

Podon polyphemoides (Leuckart).

Podon polyphemoides, Poppe, Abb. naturwiss. Ver. Bremen, x. p. 298

(1889); Kramer, Trans. New Zealand Inst. xxvii. p. 221 (1895) ;

Hansen, Cladoceren u. Cirripedien, Plankton-Exp. p. 8 (1899) ; Lill-

jeborg, Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal. (8) xix. p. 683, pl. Ixxxy.

fics. 7-11 (1900).

Numerous females and a few males are in the collection

(hauls1A4,1B,and 1c). They agree closely with Lilljeborg’s

description and figures. It is interesting to confirm the

occurrence of this species in New Zealand waters, since it

has not been recorded from any locality nearer than the Gulf

of Guinea (Hansen).

Like the last, this is a “ neritic” species, only occurring

close to land; unlike it, however, it is by no means confined

to the warmer seas, being found as far north as the Lofoten

Islands.

(6) ISOPODA.

Munna sp.

Three immature female specimens, not exceeding 1°3 mm.

in length of body, are in the collection (haulls). They

apparently belong to an undescribed species, but in the

absence of fully adult specimens it seems inadvisable to

attempt to diagnose it. ‘The antennules consist of six seg-

ments, apart from a very minute and somewhat doubtful

terminal segment. The only species recorded from New

Zealand is JM. neozelanica, Chilton *, which has five large

segments and two minute terminal ones in the antennule.

Chilton’s species further differs from the present in its much

larger size (3 mm.) and in having the female operculum

broadly truncate instead of pointed.

Paradexamine pacifica (G. M. Thomson).

Paradexamine pacifica, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda, I. Gam-

maridea, p. 518 (1906).

Numerous small specimens (haul 18), none exceeding

2°5 mm. in length, appear to belong without doubt to this

species, which is known from New Zealand and from Hast

Australia.

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) ix. p. 1, pls. i. & ii. (1892).

234 Dr. W. T. Calman on

In addition to the species mentioned above there occurred

(haul 1 B) numerous specimens of a species probably belonging

to the family Aoride. None of the specimens exceed 4 mm.

in length, and only in a few of the more minute are the

antennules and antenna preserved. In the absence of adult

specimens it does not appear possible to identify the species.

(7) MYSIDACEA.

Pseudomma sp.

Among a number of minute specimens of Mysidacea

(haul 18), too immature for identification, there is one,

belonging to the genus Pseuwdomma, which deserves mention,

since, so far as I can discover, no species of the genus has

hitherto been recorded from the surface *. The specimen,

which measures 3 mm. in length, is further remarkable in

possessing on each side of the plate which represents the

metamorphosed and coalesced ocular peduncles a well-defined

crescentic mass of bright red pigment. In the species

hitherto described the ocular pigment is completely absent.

The specimen approaches Ps. roseum, Sars, in the shape of

the antennal scale, which has the external tooth very little

beyond the middle of its length, and in having four spines on

the truncated distal end of the telson. It differs in the

absence of distinct serrations on the margin of the ocular

plate and in the presence of only three pairs of lateral denticles

on the telson. These denticles are not articulated spines,

but I learn from Mr. W. M. ‘attersall that this is probably

a character of immaturity, since in allied genera the spines

are at first formed as teeth, which later become articulated.

(ec) CUMACEA.

Leptostylis (?) insularum, sp.n. (Figs. 1-5 a.)

Description of adult female.—Total length 9:3 mm.

Carapace a little more than two sevenths of total length,

nearly twice as long as deep and 14 times as long as broad,

its dorsal surface not strongly arched. Pseudorostrum hori-

zontal, acute, about + of total length of carapace. Antennal

notch obsolete. Ocular lobe a little broader than long,

inflated, without pigment. Frontal lobe crossed by two low,

rounded, crescentic, transverse ridges. Near the posterior

* Ps. australe is recorded by Sars from 33 fathoms at the entrance to

Port Philip, in company with Decapod larve. Other species are on

record from depths of 45-1675 fathoms.

Pisnitie Crustacea from New Zealand. 235

end of the fronto-lateral suture on each side is a shallow

depression, and there is a median depression posteriorly

between the branchial regions. Posterior margin of carapace

slightly raised dorsally. The whole surface of carapace is

rough with minute spiniform points and short sete, and there

is a line of minute spines running obliquely downwards and

forwards on the anterior part of the lateral surface.

Posterior thoracic and abdominal somites nearly smooth.

Third and fourth leg-bearing somites distinct. Postero-

lateral angles of the fitth rounded.

Abdomen rather stout and, including the telson, about

equal in length to the cephalothoracic region. ‘Telson a

little longer than last somite, with about nine pairs of lateral

spines. :

Antennular peduncle extending well beyond tip of pseudo-

rostrum, its three segments subequal.

Leptostylis (?) insularum, adult female, from the side.

Third maxillipeds with the ischium produced externally as

a finger-shaped lobe, apparently soft-skinned, carrying a few

short sete (figs. 2 & 2a).

First legs with basis about three fourths as long as distal

segments together, with numerous and very long plumose

hairs distally. Dactylus equal to carpus and a little shorter

than propodus (fig. 3).

Second legs with basis about four fifths as long as the

slender distal segments together, with numerous long hairs.

Dactylus nearly twice and carpus four times as long as

propodus. Posterior legs stout, with numerous sete. Basis

of third and fourth pairs carrying small exopodites of two

segments.

Uropods slender. Peduncle twice as long as telson, with

numerous short spines on its inner edge. Rami subequal, a

236 Dr. W. T. Calman on

Fig. 2a.

Fig. 2.—Leptostylis (?) insularwm, ad. fem.: third maxilliped from undey

side. 2a. Ischium of same, from upper side, further enlarged ,

Fig. 3.—First leg.

Plankton Crustacea from New Zealand. 237

little less than half as long as peduncle, Endopodite of

three segments, the first slightly longer than second or third,

Fig. 4.

co]

Fig. 4.—Telson and uropod.

Fig. 5.—Antennule of male. 6a, Inner flagellum of same, further

enlarged,

first with six, second with five, third with four spines on

inner edge. ‘Two unequal apical spines and a few short

238 Dr. W. T. Calman on

sete on outer edge. Exopodite with three slender apical

spines and some sete on outer edge (fig. 4).

Adult male.—Total length 94 mm.

Carapace less inflated than in female, more than twice as

long as deep and one and two thirds as long as_ broad.

Pseudorostrum not more than one seventh of length of

carapace. ‘The ridges and depressions described above in

the female are all present and there is a slight vertical ridge

on the anterior part of the side of the carapace. The surface

of the carapace is nearly smooth.

Abdomen a little longer than cephalothoracie region.

Telson 145 times as long as last somite, strongly gibbous

dorsally, with nine pairs of lateral spines.

Antennular peduncle (fig. 5) stouter than in female, third

seoment nearly as stout and less than half as long as the

preceding, bearing distally a brush of sensory filaments. Outer

flagellum of five segments, the basal one dilated. Inner

flagellum (fig. 5a) of three segments, the last very minute

and the first having a pair of stout spines at its distal end.

Antenne as long as the body, of normal structure.

Structure and proportions of third maxillipeds and legs

much as in female. All the legs except the last pair bear

exopods and have the basal segment expanded.

Peduncle of uropods about one and four fifths as long as

telson, with numerous spines on its inner edge. HExopod

slightly longer than endopod and about two fifths of length

of peduncle. Endopod with seven spines on inner edge of

first segment, six on second, and three on third.

First and second pairs of pleopods well developed, bi-

ramous; exopod of two segments and endopod unsegmented.

Remarks.—In the possession of vestigial exopodites on the

second and third legs of the female this species agrees with

those commonly referred to Leptostylis, and I accordingly

place it provisionally in that genus. It must be admitted,

however, that this character is open to suspicion as a generic

distinction in view of its variability, as described by Bonnier

in his Diastylopsis (?) dubia. In other respects the new

species differs considerably from L. l/ongimana, the type of

the genus Leptostylis, notably in having the telson of mode-

rate size, with more than one pair of lateral spines. I have

elsewhere described a species (LZ. walkert, Bull. Mus. d’ Hist.

Nat. Paris, 1907, p. 121) having numerous lateral spines on

the telson, which is nevertheless closely allied to certain

undoubted species of Leptostylis, and the same character is

found in several species which Zimmer has referred to that

genus. |

Plankton Crustacea from New Zealand. 239

Diastyli’s neo-zealanica, G. M. Thomson (Journ. Linn. Soc.,

Zool. xxiv. p. 268, pl. xviii. figs. 1-11, 1892), of which I

have examined a specimen kindly sent me by Mr. Thomson

agrees closely with the present species in the form and arma-

ture of the telson and uropods, in having minute exopods on

the third and fourth pairs of legs, and in the form of the

ischium of the third maxilliped (the original figure of this

appendage is defective in this point). ‘he two species are

at once distinguished, however, by the form of the carapace,

which in Mr. Thomson’s species is obliquely costate.

Leptostylis sp.

A species closely allied to, but apparently distinct from,

Zimmer’s Leptostylis thilentust (Zool. Jahrb., Abth. Syst.

xvii. p. 449, 1902) is represented by a number of males (the

largest only 3°3 mm. in length) and a single young female.

As all the specimens are in poor condition, however, I do not

attempt to describe the species fully. It differs from that

described by Zimmer in having the cephalothoracic region

not longer than the abdomen, the third free thoracic somite

not strongly produced backwards at the sides, so that there is

only a slight interval between the second and third pairs of

legs, and the telson armed with only three pairs of lateral

spines. The two forms agree in the armature of the abdomen,

with ventral spines and dorsal setze, and apparently in the

disposition of the ridges on the carapace, although these are

difficult to see in our specimens. They further agree in the

remarkable and characteristic structure of the third maxilli-

ped, which, however, I interpret somewhat differently from

Dr. Zimmer. ‘The large rounded plate which he describes as

a process of the second segment (basis) of the limb is,

according to my observations, an outgrowth from the third

segment or ischium, and is an enlargement of the digitiform

process of that segment observed in L. tnsularum. It is,

indeed, adherent along its proximal border to the distal

border of the basis ; but this connexion is simply a continua-

tion of the articulation between the basis and ischium.

(f) DECAPODA.

Pinnotheres sp.

_ A single male specimen belonging to this genus occurred

in haul 18, In the present state of our knowledge the

identification of solitary specimens of this sex appears to be

240 On Plankton Chetognatha from New Zealand.

hardly possible. Two species of the genus, P. pisum (L.)

and P. nove-zealandie, Filhol, are mentioned in Hutton’s

‘Index Faunee Nove Zealandie’ (1904, p. 250). Iam not

aware of any observations on the swimming-powers of the

males, but the occurrence of a specimen in a tow-net gathering

is unexpected.

II. CHAATOGNATHA.

By G. Hersert Fow er, B.A., Ph.D.

T'wo specimens only occurred in the collection, both in

haul 14. They were immature, showing neither ovaries

nor testes, and no trace of the corona ciliata was left.

Formule * :—

10 25 8 3 3

10 23 9 3 2-3

While the formule and the flaccid body suggest hexaptera,

the presence of a neck-constriction behind the head and the

apparent extension of the lateral fins are against this deter-

mination ; further, the tips of the jaws are clearly not of

hexapteran type. On the other hand, no species, even at

10 mm. in length, has been recorded with so few teeth. The

specimens seem pretty clearly to belong to an undescribed

species, but it is eminently undesirable to give a name to

two immature examples. In the hope that further specimens

may be captured elsewhere in Southern Seas are appended

the diagnostic characters :-—

Head small, separated from the trunk by a neck-

constriction; no collarette present. Body flaccid,

thickest about the middle of the total length,

tapering gradually forwards, diminishing rapidly

near the tail-septum. Longitudinal muscles broad

but weak, lateral fields narrow. Tail-segment

narrow, 23 to 25 per cent. of the total length (in-

cluding tail-fin). Anterior fins long, (?) widest

about the middle of their length, reaching ante-

riorly to the ganglion, posteriorly almost to the

posterior fin. Posterior fins fairly long, (?) about

as wide as the anterior fins, widest in front of the

tail-septum ; about two thirds are on the trunk

and one third on the tail. Jaws slender, the oldest

with slightly curved tips; tip small. Vestibular ridge unde-

veloped ; corona ciliata not seen.

* For these and the terminology employed should be consulted

‘ Siboga’ Expedition, Report on the Cheetognatha, by G. Herbert Fowler.

Leiden, 1906.

On some new Species of Mimela. 241

The lateral fins were a good deal folded and the epidermis

had become detached from the body-wall, so that it was not

possible to ascertain the exact boundaries of the fins; the rays

were very inconspicuous.

XXXVI.— On some new Species of the Coleopterous Genus

Mimela. By Gitpert J. Arrow.

THE species of this brilliant genus of Rutelidx, although

ranging as far as Japan and Java, appear to flourish to a

special and remarkable degree in the eastern part of the

Himalayan region, Burma, and Tonkin. Half the fifty

described species are inhabitants of that region, and eight

more are here described from the same part, all of them

contained in the British Museum collection. One from

Western and another from Hastern China have been added.

Mimela levigata, sp. n.

Lete viridi-metallica, nitida, supra paulo magis aureo-viridis,

elytrorum sutura angustissime violacea; capite irregulariter

punctato, prothoracis et elytrorum lateribus grosse punctatis,

supra fere lavigatis, pygidio fere levi, punctis nonnullis margin-

alibus, corpore subtus glabro, metasterni lateribus solum crebre

punctatis ; mesosterno sat longe producto, haud acuto, tibiis

anticis extus sinuatis, haud dentatis.

Long. 21-22 mm. ; lat. max. 12 mm.

Hab. Sikkim (Sir J. D. Hooker) ; Mungphu (£, Atkin-

son).

Lintively bright metallic green, with the upper surface

rather more golden green and the extreme edge of the elytral

suture violet. It is a large species, of elongate oval form

and almost devoid of hairy clothing. The head is irregularly

punctured, the clypeus rugosely. ‘The pronotum is scarcely

visibly punctured on its disk, but strongly and confluently at

the sides. The scutellum is short and smooth. The elytra

are almost without punctures on the inner half, but very

strongly and irregularly punctured on the outer half, and the

pygidium is very smooth, only exhibiting a few punctures

near its circumference. ‘The prosternal process is broad and

triangular at the summit, and the mesosternal process is

moderately long but rather blunt. The front tibiz are

without a lateral tooth in either sex.

Our collection contains one specimen of each sex.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 16

242 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

Mimela marginals, sp. n.

Saturate viridis, haud metallica, antennis, clypeo, pedibus, abdo-

minis extremitate supra et subtus, prothoracis et elytrorum

marginibusque externis flavibus, plus minusve viriditinctis, -

corpore subtus fusco-eeneo ; corpore supra tenuiter minute punc-

tato, clypeo subtiliter rugoso; mesosterno paulo producto sat

acuto, tibiis anticis bidentatis.

Long. 19-23 mm.; lat. max. 12-13 mm.

Hab. Allahabad, Mungphu, Bhotan.

Deep non-metallic green, with the antenne, clypeus, legs,

the hind margins of the propygidium and pygidium, the

outer margins of the pronotum and elytra, and usually the

extremity of the abdomen beneath testaceous, more or less

suffused with metallic green. The body is oval, very smooth,

very lightly punctured above and thinly clothed at the sides

beneath with greyish hairs. The clypeus is finely rugose,

the forehead, pronotum, and scutellum minutely and sparingly

punctured. ‘The elytra are finely and rather irregularly

punctured, with a complete line of punctures upon each

adjoining the suture, and a few other imperfect lines. The

pygidium is rather more coarsely but not deeply punctured.

The antenne are long, the mesosternal process is short but

rather slender and acute, and the front tibiz are bidentate,

the apical tooth being blunt and long and the lateral one

short and rather sharp. The inner claw of the front tarsus

is rather widely cleft.

?. The terminal tooth of the front tibia is very long.

M. marginalis is most nearly related to the Ceylon species

M. mundissima, Walker, but is larger, more elongate, and

has a less sharply defined marginal yellow band. In the

Ceylonese species the mesosternal process is not produced

and the front tibize are not distinctly bidentate. It, again, is

closely allied to the S.-Indian M. wanthorrhina, Hope, which

differs in its paler green colour, less definite marginal band,

and more strongly sculptured elytra.

Mimela amabilis, sp. n.

Saturate viridis, supra haud metallica, corpore subtus pedibusque

metallicis, antennis fere nigris; corpore convexo, subgloboso,

supra sat levi, subtiliter punctato; mesosterno angulato, sed

ultra coxas medias haud producto, tibiis anticis feeminee distincte,

maris vix bidentatis.

Long. 15-16 mm. ; lat. max. 9°5 mm,

flab. Burma, Karen Hills; Siam, Renong (Doherty).

some new Species of Mimela. 243

Deep green, with the legs and lower surface metallic, and

the upper surface non-metallic but with a very faint rosy

reflection, generally visible at least in the anterior part.

The head and prothorax are finely and rather closely punc-

tured, the clypeus almost rugosely. The scutellum has a

few very minute punctures and the elytra are lightly and

thinly punctured, in rows, the subsutural Interstice being

irregularly punctured. The pygidium is finely punctured—

a little more strongly at the sides. The mesosternum is not

produced in front of the coxe.

3. The front tibia has a rather long blunt apical tooth,

but only a vestige of a lateral one.

2. The front tibia is distinctly bidentate.

This species is very closely related to JM. downesi, Hope,

but that is almost entirely devoid of puncturation upon the

upper surface.

Mimela ohaust, sp. n.

Leete viridi-metallica, capitis medio, pronoto utrinque, elytri utrius-

que vitta externa aliaque media, femorum 4 posteriorum medio,

segmentorum abdominalium lateribus pygidiique apice igneo-

rufis, scutello cceruleo; capite crebre rugoso, postice fortiter

punctato, prothorace, scutello, elytris pygidioque leviter ac sparse

punctulatis ; mesosterno haud producto, tibiis anticis utriusque

sexus fortiter bidentatis.

Var. tota violacea.

Long. 14:5 mm.; lat. max. 8 mm.

Hab. Assam, Tonkin, Yunnan.

Bright metallic green, with a deep blue scutellum and

fiery-red patches on the head, each side of the pronotum, the

end of the pygidium, the four posterior femora and the sides of

the ventral segments, and a discoidal and lateral stripe on each

elytron. It is a small species of elongate-oval shape. ‘The

head is closely and finely rugose in front and strongly punc-

tured on the vertex, the pronotum and scutellum very thinly

and minutely punctured and the former deeply channelled

along the middle and rather inflated on each side. The

elytra are very lightly punctured, some of the punctures

forming double rows. The pygidium has a few moderately

strong punctures. ‘The prosternal process is narrow and not

very prominent, and the mesosternum is not produced. The

front tibice are strongly bidentate in both sexes.

In the female the apical tooth of the front tibia is longer

and blunter and the club of the antenna rather shorter than

in the male. The only female I have seen is a specimen of

a deep violet colour in the collection of Dr. Ohaus.

16*

244 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

This species very closely resembles M. horsfieldi, Hope, in

its form, colouring, and puncturation, but is generally rather

smaller. It is less regularly oval in shape, and the form of

the prosternal process, mesosternum, and front tibie are

quite different. In addition the eyes are larger, the head

much more strongly sculptured, the pronotum has a deep

median groove, and its sides are more convex and not

strongly punctured.

Mimela atkinsont, sp. n.

Parva, ovata, sat globosa, polita, omnino brunneo-enea, corpore

supra subtiliter punctato, clypeo paulo rugoso, prothorace sat

angusto, equaliter punctato, haud sulcato; pedibus brevibus,

posticis crassis, tibiis anticis leviter bidentatis ; mesosterno haud

producto.

Long. 13 mm.; lat. max. 8 mm.

Hab. Pegu, Tenasserim.

Collected by the late E. T. Atkinson.

Very shining deep metallic olive-green above and below,

except the antenne, which are deep red. The form is oval,

convex, and rather globular, the head relatively rather large,

and the legs short, the hind legs very thick and the femora

strongly arched. ‘The clypeus is strongly and almost

rugosely punctured, the forehead and prothorax rather closely,

but a little less closely at the sides of the latter, the scutellum

very sparingly. The elytra are minutely punctured in nearly

regular longitudinal lines, of which the innermost are strongly

impressed at the posterior margins. The pygidium is rather

deeply but not closely punctured, the lower surface of the

body almost smooth. The prosternum is large and the

mesosternum not produced. ‘The front tibiz are bidentate,

and the upper tooth is minute and obtuse in the male and

rather more marked in the female.

In the type (3) specimen the outer.margins of the elytra

have a rosy tint which I have not seen in others.

In colouring, sculpture, the compact form, and the structure

of the hind legs M. atkinsoni very nearly approaches

M. excisipes, Reitter, but it is smaller, more globose, and a

little less strongly punctured, the sculpture of the sides of the

pronotum in particular not being rugose.

There are specimens in the British Museum and in

Dr. Ohaus’s collection, all of them collected by the late E. T.

Atkinson.

some new Species of Mimela. 24

Mimela subsericea, sp. n.

Viridi-metallica, corpore subtus, pedibus antennisque eneo-testaceis,

tarsis rufo-cupreis, corpore supra creberrime punctato, capitis

antice pronotique marginibus lateralibus punctis confluentibus,

aliis distinctis ; mesosterno minutissime producto, coxas inter-

medias haud superante, processu prosternali lato, robusto ;

pedibus sat robustis, tibiis anticis haud acute bidentatis, antennis

sat gracilibus.

Long. 14-15 mm.; lat. max. 8-9 mm.

Hab. Assam, Naga Hills (Doherty) ; Burma, Ruby Mines

(Doherty), Mandalay (Atkinson).

Bright metallic green, with the lower surface and legs

coppery testaceous and the tarsi more or less fiery-copper-

coloured. The body is rather globose and the legs short and

stout, and the whole upper surface is very strongly and

densely punctured, but moderately shining. The punctures

are confluent on the clypeus and at the sides of the head and

pronotum. ‘There is a straight line of punctures on each side

of the elytral suture, leaving a quite smooth inner margin to

each elytron, and slight traces of three or four other smooth

longitudinal lines upon each. The pygidium is strongly but

less densely punctured. The prosternal process is rather

broad, the mesosternal process pointed but not produced, and

the front tibia has a very long blunt terminal tooth and a

slight upper tooth.

This species is nearly allied to the succeeding one (J/. soror),

but smaller and more densely punctured, except upon the

pygidium, which is smoother and more shining. The meso-

sternum is not distinctly produced as in that species, and the

hind angles of the pronotum are much more rounded.

It is represented in the British Museum and in Dr. Ohaus’s

Collection.

Mimela soror, sp. n.

Lete viridi-metallica, pygidii lateribus nonnihil, corpore subtus

pedibusque testaceo-dilutis, ore antennisque flavis; corpore supra

toto dense punctato, clypeorugoso; processu mesosternali minuto,

acuto, tibiis anticis haud acute bidentatis, antennis gracilibus.

Long. 19-20 mm.; lat. max. 10°5-11°5 mm.

Hab. N. India, Manipur (Doherty).

This species is metallic green above and the antenna, legs,

and lower surface are ferruginous and more or less suffused

with green. A small pale patch is vaguely traceable on each

side of the pygidium in certain lights. The form is oval and

246. Mr. G. J. Arrow on

convex. The clypeus is broad and coarsely rugose, the

forehead strongly punctured, the pronotum coarsely and

densely at the sides and a little more finely in the middle, the

scutellum very minutely and the elytra densely and irregu-

larly, leaving only a narrow smooth sutural strip and slight

vestiges of two or three others upon each. The pygidium

is strongly and thickly punctured, the punctures. becoming

confluent at the sides, and the lower surface of the body is

smooth in the middle and rugose and hairy at the sides. The

mesosternal process is very short but sharp, and the front

tibiee (in the female) have a long blunt terminal tooth and a

feeble upper one.

It is very closely related to M. chrysoprasa, Hope, of

Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, but a little smaller, with

the prothorax rather less strongly punctured, the scutellum

more minutely, the pygidium punctured instead of finely

granulated, and the femora and tibie of a rather darker

shade.

The two females in the British Museum were collected by

the late W. Doherty.

Mimela pyriformis, sp. 1.

Viridi-metallica, corporis supra marginibus externis omnibus an-

guste flavescentibus, corpore subtus, pedibus antennisque testaceis

leviter viridi-micantibus; corpore supra densissime punctato,

pygidio minute granulato et setoso, elytris postice dilatatis ;

processu mesosternali acutissimo, tibiis anticis bidentatis, dente

superiore minuto, acuto.

Long. 23 mm.; lat. max. 14 mm.

Hab. Assam, Naga Hills.

This insect has a peculiar pear-shaped outline, producing an

approximation to the curious form of MZ. sericea, Ohaus, but

it is larger and more convex and much less opaque.

It is metallic green, slightly shining, with the outer margins

of the clypeus, prothorax, and elytra, the lower surface, legs,

and antennee testaceous, with a greenish reflection. The

head is rugosely punctured, the punctures almost obliterated

upon the clypeus; the pronotum is very densely punctured,

the sentellum moderately, the elytra densely and uniformly,

with a smooth juxta-sutural line and an almost obliterated

dorsal one. The outer edges of the elytra are nearly straight

and diverge slightly for almost their whole length, so that

their greatest breadth is very little before the extremity.

‘They are long and slope rather gradually at the hinder part.

The pygidium is short and broad, finely granulated and

some new Species of Mimela. 247

thinly pubescent. The mesosternal process is small but

acutely produced. The front tibiz are distinctly bidentate

and the antenne slender.

There are two male specimens in the British Museum, one

of them collected by the late E. T. Atkinson and the other

by Col. W. F. Badgley.

Mimela oblonga, sp. n.

Elongata, convexa, lete olivaceo-viridis, clypeo, prothoracis lateribus

pygidiique lateribus postice pallidioribus atque metallicis; sat

crebre haud grosse punctata, clypeo, prothoracis marginibus

pygidioque rugosis ; corpore subtus sat dense hirto, cum femori-

bus testaceo, abdomine cuprascente, tibiis brunneis, tarsis nigris ;

mesosterno haud producto, tibiis anticis obtuse bidentatis.

Long. 21 mm.; lat. max. 12 mm,

Hab. Sze-chuen, Chin-fu-san.

Four specimens (all females) have been sent to us by the

Rev. Wilfred A. Maw. |

Light olivaceous green, with the clypeus, the lateral

margins of the pronotum, and the posterior part of the sides

of the pygidium pale and metallic, the femora and breast

testaceous, the abdomen more or less dark coppery, the tibize

brown, and the tarsi black. It is strongly convex, shining,

and elongate, with the sides subparallel, and the breast and

the sides of the abdomen are thickly clothed with grey hair.

The clypeus is coarsely rugose and rather straight in front,

the forehead strongly punctured, the pronotum, scutellum,

and elytra moderately finely but closely, the punctures

becoming much coarser and confluent at the sides of the

pronotum. The pygidium is coarsely rugose but slightly

shining. ‘The mesosternum is pointed but scarcely extends

beyond the middle coxe, and the front tibie are bluntly

bidentate.

This species is very closely related to M. passerinit, Hope,

and of the same colour and shape, but its smoother upper

surface gives it a quite different appearance. ‘The elytra are

much more finely but moderately closely punctured, and the

pygidium is rugose, but not so densely as in M. passerinit,

and scarcely hairy. ‘The prosternum also is blunter and

scarcely produced.

Mimela plicicollis, sp. n.

Viridi-enea, clypeo, pronoti lateribus elytrisque paulo dilutioribus,

corpore subtus pedibusque cupreis ; clypeo rugoso, fronte rugose

248 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on a new

punctata, prothorace equaliter et subtiliter punctato, medio pro-

funde longitudinaliter sulcato, lateribus sat leviter arcuatis,

postice plus minusve plicatis, elytris fortiter punctatis, lineis

geminatis longitudinalibus postice impressis, pygidio grosse fere _

rugose punctato; mesosterno haud producto, tibiis anticis

bidentatis.

Long. 18-15 mm.; lat. max. 8-9 mm.

Hab. EH. China, Tientsin.

A considerable number of specimens were collected from

April to June 1906 by Mr. F. M. Thomson.

It is nearly related to WM. specularis, Ohaus, and M. vittati-

collis, Burm., and the colour is that of the latter except that

it is almost uniform above, only the clypeus, the lateral

margins of the prothorax, and the elytra being a shade lighter.

It is smaller than either of those species, and the curious

corrugation of the posterior part of the sides of the pro-

thorax distinguishes it at a glance from all. This corrugation

is variable in its extent, but is almost invariably a very

marked feature. The upper surface of the insect is strongly

and closely punctured, except the prothorax and scutellum,

of which the puncturation is fine. The pygidium is coarsely

punctured and the sides of the body are thinly pubescent

beneath. The mesosternum is pointed, but not produced

beyond the coxe, and the front tibize are bidentate in both

Sexes.

I printed in 1899 a few synonymical notes relating to

Mimela. ‘To these I may add the following :—

M. lucidula, Hope, and lathami, Hope, belong to M. splen-

dens, Gyll.

M. glabra, Hope, type, is a female of M. downesi, Hope.

M. limbata, Burm., and M. pomacea, Bates, are M. passe-

rinit, Hope,

M. cowalis, Ohaus, is M. (“ Anomala’’) inscripta, Nonf.

M. pyroscelis, Hope, is a species of Anomala.

XXXVII.— Description of a new LElapine Snake of the

Genus Apisthocalamus, Blgr., from New Guinea. By

G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

Apisthocalamus loennbergit.

Snout short, broadly rounded. Rostral a little broader

than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one

Elapine Snake jrom New Guinea. 249

fourth to one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals

about half the length of the preefrontals ; frontal once and

one fifth to once and one third as long as broad, as long as

or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout,

much shorter than the parietals ; nostril between two nasals,

narrowly separated from the internasal and the first labial;

preocular once and a half to twice as long as deep, in contact.

with or narrowly separated from the posterior nasal; one

postocular (exceptionally two) ; temporals 1+1 or 2; six

upper labials (exceptionally seven), third and fourth (or

third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye, last largest ; three

or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields,

which are as large as the posterior. Scales in 15 rows.

Ventrals 213-218 ; anal divided; subcaudals 22-32. Dark

olive-brown above, lateral scales yellowish in the centre ;

upper lip and lower parts yellowish, without spots; indica-

tions of a yellowish nuchal collar may be present.

Total length 590 mm. ; tail 40.

Four specimens from Dutch New Guinea, north of Fak

Fak, altitude 1700 feet, obtained by Mr. A. EH. Pratt, to

whom we owe the discovery of another species of the same

genus (A. pratti, Blgr.) a few years ago.

The present species is named after Prof, E. Lonnberg, who

described in these ‘ Annals’ another member of the same

group under the name of Pseudapisthocalamus nymani. It

is still doubtful whether Apisthocalamus and Pseudapistho-

calamus can be regarded as valid genera, so closely are they

related to the previously described Towicocalamus. The

species, six in number, all from New Guinea, are, at any

rate, easily distinguished by means of the following cha-

racters :—

A. Przocular present ; scales in 15 rows; anal divided.

a. Nostril between two nasals.

Two postoculars; ventrals 196; subcaudals

DEP OEIMIORGA CP a iy Lashes oie Gi Apisthocalamus lorie, Blgr.

One postocular; ventrals 190; subcaudals

LASSE Ghai: Cin An ee ee Apisthocalamus pratti, Blgr.

One postocular (exceptionally two) ; ven- [ Blegr.

trals 213-218 ; subcaudals 22-382 ., <Apisthocalamus loennbergit,

b. Nasal single; ventrals 196-205 ; {Lonnb.

subcaudals 26-29 ..........6. Pseudapisthocalamus nymani,

B. No preocular; nostril between two nasals,

Scales in 15 rows; ventrals 261; anal [Blgr.

entire = subcaidalm76 oon... a. 5: Toxicocalamus stanleyanus,

Seales in 17 rows; ventrals 299-305 ; [ Blgr.

anal divided ; subcaudals 80-31..., Toatcocalamus longissimus,

250 Mr. O. Thomas on the large Flying-Squirrels

XXX VIII.—On the large Flying-Squirrels referred to

Petaurista nitida, Desm. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

THE members of the Petaurista nitida group of Flying-

Squirrels have not hitherto been very exactly determined,

partly owing to want of Javan material, representing true

nitida, and partly to doubt as to the application of Gray’s

name melanotus.

Now, however, thanks to the generosity of Mr. W. E.

Balston, the Museum has received two good examples of the

true Javan nitida, while an examination of Gray’s type of

“ Pteromys melanotus’’ shows clearly enough to which form

that name belongs. :

Comparison of the whole series in the Museum shows that

each of the four great Malayan land-areas—the Peninsula,

Sumatra, Borneo, and Java—has its own local form. All

agree with each other in size and in the general characteristics

of rich rufous colour with brown or black nose-tip and chin,

hands, feet, tail-tip, and a variable amount of black round

the eyes and behind the ears.

The diagnostic characters of the different forms are as

follows :—

Petaurista nitida melanotus, Gray.

Pteromys melanotis, Gray, P. Z.S. 1886, p. 88 (nom. nud.).

Pteromys melanotus, Gray, Charlesw. Mag. Nat. Hist. i. p. 584 (1837).

General colour bright bay, the head markedly lighter than

the body. Ears comparatively long and narrow, coloured

like the head, except that the hinder part of their outer

surface has generally a certain number of long black hairs

uponit. Dark eye-rings inconspicuous. Hands and feet not

wholly dark, the rufous trespassing more or less upon the

metapodials.

Hab. Malay Peninsula and neighbouring islands. Ex-

amples in Museum from Perak, Selangore, Malacca, Johore,

Singapore, and Pulo Tioman.

Type. Young. B.M. no. 116 a.

It is rather unfortunate that the name medanotus falls on

the form which is markedly less black-eared than either the

Sumatran or Bornean animal, but the light head of the type

and its “bright red-bay colour” (in 1837—now somewhat -

dulled by time) indicate that it can only be referred to the

present subspecies.

referred to Petaurista nitida, Desm. 251

Petaurista nitida marchio, subsp. n.

Colour comparatively dark, a number of the dorsal hairs

with black ends, which overlie and partly hide the deep

rufous chestnut of the fur in general. LHars themselves not

unlike those of melanotus, though the dark hairs of the

metectote are blacker and more prominent ; but in addition

the long hairs of the side of the head behind the ears are

also black-tipped so as to forma darker area in this region.

Hands with the chestnut penetrating on to the metacarpals

nearly to the base of the digits.

Condylo-basal length of skull 67°2.mm.; upper tooth-

row, exclusive of p*, 15°5.

Hab. Sumatra. Type from Si Rambi ; another specimen

from Kotta Sani, near Solok (Weder), and a third from

‘W. Sumatra” (Faber).

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 0.8.2, 24. Collected by

Dr. E. Modigliani in 1890-91 and presented by the Museo

Civico, Genoa. |

Petaurista nitida rajah, subsp. n.

“ Pteromys melanopis, Gray” *, Mottley & Dillwyn, Nat. Hist. Labuan,

p. 2 (1855).

“ Pteromys melanopsis, Mottl. & Dillw.,” Trouess. Cat. Mamm, i. p. 897

(1899) * (in synonymy of P. nitidus),

Ground-colour almost as light as in melanotus, but darkened

by blackish tips to the dorsal hairs, so that the general colour

is intermediate between that of melanotus and marchio.

Head like body. Dark orbital rings at a maximum. Ears

apparently shorter than in the other forms and less narrow;

their backs heavily tufted with deep black hairs, which form

a conspicuous black patch on each side. Hands and feet

wholly dark, the rufous not trespassing on to the metapodials.

Condylo-basal length of skull 64°5 mm.; upper tooth-row,

exclusive of p*, 14.

Hab. Borneo. ‘l’ype from Mt. Dulit, Baram, E. Sarawak.

Alt. 2000’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 99.12.9.31. Collected

1st October, 1896, and presented by Dr. Charles Hose.

Petaurista nitida nitida, Desm.

Pteromys nitidus, Desm.N, Dict. @’H. N. xxvii. p. 403 (1818); Mamm.

ii. p. 842 (1822). p- 403 (1818); Mamm

Colour darker and more brownish chestnut than in the

* Should any eccentric nomenclaturist wish to resuscitate either of

these misprints as the name of the Bornean subspecies, the type of the

name would be Mr. Dillwyn’s specimen No, 51, 5. 6,7,

202 Mr. O. Thomas on the

other forms, especially posteriorly, where the dark tone of

the hinder back and thighs grades into the dark of the feet,

instead of being contrasted with them. Head like body.

Dark orbital rings scarcely perceptible. Hairs on back of

ears not darker than those on rest of head. Hands and feet

wholly dark brown or black.

Hab. Java. Specimens examined from Preanger and

Buitenzorg.

XXXIX.— The Nomenclature of the Flying-Lemurs.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

In the ‘ Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington ’

Mr. G. 8. Miller* has recently drawn attention to the

unfortunate fact, first published by Palmer, that the well-

known name of Galeopithecus is antedated by Cynocephalus,

each name having the same type, the Lemur volans ot

Linneeus.

But the conclusions drawn by Mr. Miller as to the con-

sequent names of the family and its two constituent genera

are, as I believe, all invalidated by the important fact that

the type locality of Linnzus’s Lemur volans is the Philippines,

and that therefore the name volans and the many generic

names based on it, Cynocephalus, Galeopithecus, Galeopus,

Dermopterus, and Pleuropterus f, are, like Colugo, all appli-

cable to the Philippine form and not to the Malayan one.

The references are as follows :—

Lemur volans, Linn, Syst. Nat. (10) i. p. 30 (1758), ex Petiver, Bontius,

and Seba. The quotations being :—

Cato-Simius volans camelli, Pet.(iver), Gaz.(ophylacii Nature et Artis),

t. 9. f. 8 (1702); and Act. Angl. 277. n. 1065 (= Phil. Trans. Roy.

Soc. pt. 277, included in vol. xxiii. 1704).

Vespertilio admirabilis, Bont.(ius), Java, p. 63 (1658).

Felis volans ternatea, Seba, Mus. i. p. 98, pl. 58. figs. 2 & 3 (1735).

Of the three authors quoted, Petiver has to be taken as the

primary one, both because I consider it compulsory to take

the first one (except when Linnzus quotes his own earlier

works) and also, in this case, because the localities given by

Bontius and Seba (Guzerat and Ternate respectively) are

* P. Biol. Soc. Wash. xix. p. 41 (1906).

+ An additional name, Galeolemur, has been formed in the group,

based on Temminck’s “ G'aleopithecus macrurus” from Ceylon. But this

animal proves, as might have been expected from its locality, to

have been a Flying-Squirrel (Petaurista). Cf. Schlegel, Mon. Singes

pp. 835-6 (1876).

Nomenclature of the Flying-Lemurs. 253

both erroneous, no member of the group occurring in either

place, so that their account might refer to either the Philippine

or Malayan forms.

In Petiver’s ‘Gazophylacii’ the locality is put as “ Philippine

Islands,’ and in the Royal Society paper the province

Pampanga, in Southern Luzon, is specially mentioned.

As a consequence the synonymy of the Luzon Colugo

would be :—

Cynocephalus volans, L.

Lemur volans, L. (as above).

Cynocephalus volans, Bodd. Dierkundig Mengelwerk, ii. p. 8, footnote /

(1768). (So far as the reference to Lemur volans is concerned.)

Galeopithecus volans, Pall. Act. Ac. Petrop. iv. p. 208 (1780). (Re-

ference to Lemur volans, but not the specimens figured.)

Galeopithecus philippinensis, Waterh. P. Z. 8. 1838, p. 119.

Galeopithecus (Colugo) philippinensis, Gray, Cat. Monk. &c. B.M. p. 98

(1870).

Colugo philippinensis, Miller, 1. e.

In drawing up this synonymy I act on the assumption that

a generic name must be allocated in accordance with the

specific name mentioned by its author as his type, and that

if his specimens are wrongly determined, his genus will none

the less retain as its genotype the species to which that name

is originally and rightly applicable, unless he has guarded

himself by expressly stating the contrary *.

This ruling, in extreme cases, may seem contrary to

common-sense, but the technical difficulties and confusion

resulting from an attempt to make the author’s specimens

the primary basis for the allocation of his generic name are

so great that I am convinced that the plan followed above is

alone satisfactory fT.

* As My. Pocock has done in forming the genus Phormictopus (Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) viii. p. 545, 1901).

+ To those who do not admit the general rule here formulated, it may

be pointed out that, in this particular case, the question may be said to

be determined by the title to Pallas’s paper: “ Galeopithecus . volans,

Camellii . descriptus,” as it was ‘‘the Reverend and Learned Father

George Joseph Camel” who sent home from the Philippines the original

types of Petiver’s description, itself in turn the basis of Linnzeus’s Lemur

volans.

Moreover, there is no hope of saving the time-honoured name of

Galeopithecus, which might have been a temptation to abandon the

simple rule of making generic names follow specific ones; for Cyno-

cephalus antedates Galeopithecus by many years, and has absolutely the

same basis, 1. e. volans as type-species name, with references to Pallas’s

animal and that figured by Seba.

The only result therefore, in this case, of refusing adherence to the

above rule, would be the disaster of having the confusing name Cyno-

254 On the Nomenclature of the Flying-Lemurs.

For example, in literally hundreds of cases genera have

been based on earlier described species without any clear

description of the specific characters of the specimens repre-

senting, in the eyes of their founders, the species named as

genotypes. It would be preposterous to maintain that any

or all such names might be upset or transferred merely by

evidence (perhaps disputable) being brought forward (say in

the form of labelled specimens) that what the genus-founder

thought was one species was really another belonging to a

different genus.

The author must suffer the penalty for his own mistakes,

and if he makes a genus for, say, Lemur volans, to Lemur

volans (¢. e. the true original Z. volans) his name must stick,

whether his specimens were rightly determined or not.

Asa result, the common Malay Colugo would seem to be

without a generic name, and I would propose for it that of

Galeopterus, like enough to recall the familiar Galeopithecus,

different enough to avoid confusion. And as genotype I

would take Waterhouse’s G. temminckit, of which the typical

skull has been figured and is now in the British Museum *.

Following out Mr. Miller’s sensible suggestion that the

name Cynocephalus should not be made the basis of the

family name in this group, and being prohibited by the rules

from using his name Qolugide, I would call the family

Galeopteride.

The group names would then be :—

Suborder DERMOPTERA.

Family Galeopteridz.

Genus 1. GALEOPTERUS.

Type. G. temminckii. Range. Malay Peninsula and Islands.

Genus Il. CyNoCcEPHALUS.

Syn. Galeopithecus and Colugo.

Type. G. volans. Range. Philippine Islands.

With regard to the species of Galeopterus, I am at present

only able to state that G. temminckii, Waterh., appears to be

the name of the Sumatran form, and G: undatus, Wagn.,

that of the large, large-toothed Javan species.

There is an extreme resemblance between the Colugos of

the Malay Peninsula, Natuna Islands, and Borneo; indeed I

fail to find any cranial difference whatever between examples

cephalus for the Common Colugo, instead of its being relegated to com-

parative obscurity as the name of the rare and seldom-quoted Philippine

epecies.

* Tomes coll., ex Zool. Sec. Mus., B.M. no. 7. 1.1. 220,

On Three new African Species of Mus. 25!

from Pinang, Bunguran (typical of natune, Miller), and

North Borneo. On the other hand, the Malay specimens

vary immensely among themselves, sometimes even when

coming from the same locality.

In this connection it is to be noted that while most of

Mr. Miller’s insular species of mammals have been founded

on fine series of specimens, those of (raleopterus have, with

one exception, been based on either one or two examples, and

therefore he has hardly had sufficient material to test the

cranial variability of these animals.

XL.—TVhree new African Species of Mus.

— By R. C. WroucutTon.

THE recent receipt by the Natural History Museum of a

collection (Rudd Exploration) from Tette containing speci-

mens of the multimammate group of mice, and thus fixing

Peters’s Mus microdon, of which they are the topotypes, led

me to examine all the individuals representing this group in

the Museum Collection. The species of this group extend

almost all over Africa, filling the place which Micromys

occupies in Europe. The National Collection possesses fine

series from many localities, but nevertheless insufficient to

justify a monograph of the whole group ; two forms, however,

which came under my notice are sufficiently distinct to be

worthy of description.

Mus huberti, sp. n.

A multimammate mouse rather larger than M. erythro-

leucus and of a paler colour.

Fur rather short, 7-8 mm. long on the back.

General colour above near “ wood-brown,” below pale

grey. Individual hairs of the upper surface pale slate-grey

basally, tipped with black, and with a subterminal pale buff

ring ; of under surface pale grey basally, white at the point.

Chin, hands, and feet white.

Skull markedly larger than in MZ, erythroleucus.

Dimensions :—

Head and body (cire.) 185 mm.; tail (cire.) 135; hind

foot 27; ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 32; zygomatic breadth 16;

diastema 9; upper molar series 4°9.

Hab. N. Nigeria (type from Zungern).

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 4.7.9.18. Original

256 On Three new African Species of Mus.

number 4. Collected 15th August, 1903, and presented by

Capt. H. G. Cock, R.A.

Temminck’s Md. erythroleucus was based on a young

individual from Guinea. A similarly young specimen from

Ashantee in the Museum Collection agrees very well with a

series collected by Mr. Robin Kemp in 8. Nigeria, and I

have taken this series as adequately representing ‘'emminck’s

M., erythroleucus, of which Gray’s M. gambianus is apparently

asynonym. The 8. Nigerian series quite constantly shows a

marked shortness of tail, which thus distinguishes I. erythro-

deucus from the present species even without the richer darker

colour (near “ mummy-brown ”’’) of the former species.

Mus cuninghamei, sp. n.

A multimammate mouse about the size of M. ugande, with

a very short tail.

Fur soft and rather long, 12 mm. long on the back.

General colour above a brownish “sepia,” with a buffy

erizzling; below buffy white ; bright buffy on the flanks.

Individual hairs of upper surface pale slate basally, then pale

buff with black tips; black tips entirely wanting on flanks

and belly.

Dimensions :—

Head and body 150 mm.; tail 120; hind foot 27; ear 19.

Skull: greatest length (circ.) 33; zygomatic breadth 17;

diastema 95 ; upper molar series 5.

‘Hab. Islands of Victoria Nyanza (type from Chivi

Tsland).

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 2. 7.5.11. Original num-

ber 4. Collected 27th December, 1901, and presented by

Mr. R. J. Cuninghame.

Mr. de Winton described MZ. ugand@ on a young animal

from Entebbe, but older specimens since received from the

same place establish the fact that in that species the head

and body and tail are of about equal lengths, as they are

also in M. hildebrandtii, Peters. This character at once dis-

tinguishes the present species from both its neighbours.

M. hildebrandt: further differs by its much smaller size and

M. ugande by its different colouring (near “ vandyke-brown ”

in the adult).

In working out the above my attention has been drawn to a _

series of another Mus taken at Deelfontein which seems to me

On a Megalosaurian Tibia from the Lower Lias. 257

to be quite different from any other species I know. I

propose to call it

Mus grantt, sp. n.

A mouse about the size of M. colonus, with tail equal in

length to head and body.

Fur soft and rather long, 10-12 mm. long on back.

General colour above a buffy drab, below white. Indi-

vidual hairs of upper surface “ plumbeous”’ basally for ¢

their length, then “ pinkish buff,” with, however, a consider-

able admixture of all-black hairs, préportion of these latter

smaller on flanks; on the lower surface from chin to anus

basal 2 “cinereous,” remainder pure white. Hands and

feet white. ‘T'ail dark, rather thickly clothed with stiff hairs,

2 mm. long near base, lengthening to 5 mm. at tip of tail,

almost forming a brush.

Posterior median tubercle of second molar larger than

anterior and than any of the median tubercles of anterior

molar.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 120 mm.; tail 122; hind foot 23; ear 17.

Skull: greatest length 31°5; basilar length 25; zygomatic

breadth 15; diastema 9; upper molar series 5.

Hab. Deelfontein, Cape Colony.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 2. 9.1.86. Original

number 114. Collected February 2nd, 1902, by C. H. B.

Grant, and presented by Col. A. T. Sloggett, R.A.M.C.

A series of six specimens agreeing in all essential cha-

racters. ‘The mammary formula is rather doubtful, but is

most probably 5—2=10, as in M. colonus.

This species resembles M. damarensis in the large size of

the posterior median tubercle of the upper second molar, but

in both skull and body it is much smaller and lacks the pure

white belly of de Winton’s species. This character also

separates it at sight from WM. lehochla,Sm., M. pedulcus, Sund.,

and M. namaquensis, Sm.

XLI.— Note on a Megalosaurian Tibia from the Lower

Lias of Wilmcote, Warwickshire. By A. SmitH Woop-

WARD, LL.D., F.R.S.

THE British Museum is indebted to Miss Evelyn Irby for the

tibia of a Megalosaurian Dinosaur recently discovered in

the Lower Lias of Wilmcote, near Stratford-on-Avon. The

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 17

258 Ona Megalosaurian Tibia from the Lower Lias.

bone was obtained during the sinking of a well near Wilmcote

railway-station, and was found imbedded in a shelly limestone

which Mr. R. Bullen Newton assigns to the zone of Am.

angulatus. As the only evidence of a Megalosaurian hitherto

Right tibia of a Megalosaurian Dinosaur, one quarter nat. size, posterior

view (A), with the lower part in anterior view (B) and in end-

view (C),—Lower Lias; Wilmcote, Warwickshire. [Brit. Mus.

no, R. 8542.) ag., facette for ascending process of astragalus ;

cn., cnemial crest, bent inwards and backwards; f7., facette for

fibula; 7., ridge; tr, trochlear surface for astragalus.

recorded from the Lias isa single tooth from the Lower Lias

of Lyme Regis*, this new specimen is of considerable

interest.

* R, Lydekker, ‘ Catal. Foss. Rept B.M.’ pt. i. (1888) p. 178, fig. 28.

Descriptions and Records of Bees. 259

The bone measures 45 cm. in extreme length, and its

form and proportions are shown in the accompanying text-

figure. Its outer face is dense and smooth, as usual in the

carnivorous Dinosaurs; and there is a large internal cavity,

which has caused its anterior wall to collapse and the upper

end to be twisted by crushing in the rock. The upper end

is expanded into the usual large cnemial crest {cn.), but this

is distorted backwards and inwards. The vertical ridge for

contact with the upper part of the fibula is similarly displaced.

The lower end, being more nearly solid, is better preserved,

and displays clearly the facette for the astragalus. Posteriorly

this facette (fig. A, ¢r.) is shown as a well-formed trochlea,

bounded externally by a low ridge (7.), which is also con-

spicuous in end-view (fig. C). Anteriorly the facette

(fig. B, ag.) is produced upwards as a low triangular

depression, which would accommodate an ascending process

of the astragalus. Externally there is a large facette for

contact with the fibula (fig. B, /7.).

Compared with the tibia of Megalosaurus* and ‘its

immediate allies f, the new bone from the Lias is remarkably

slender. This slenderness, indeed, and the trochlear shape

of the facette for the astragalus, suggest a lighter and more

active reptile than the ordinary Megalosaurians. The great

development of the anterior ascending process of the astra-

galus shows that the Liassic genus is more nearly related to

the Jurassic and Cretaceous than to the Triassic families of

carnivorous Dinosaurs; but the tibia alone is insufficient for

a more exact determination of its affinities.

XLII.—Descriptions and Records of Bees —XVIII.

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

Megachile heliantht, sp. n.

? .— Length 134 mm.

Black, robust, but of the parallel-sided type; ventral scopa

entirely white (in the type specimen full of bright orange

pollen) ; lower margin of clypeus strongly undulate, with a

broad, shallow, central emargination ; claws with a large and

* R. Owen, ‘ Foss. Rept. Weald. & Purb. Form.’ pt. iii. (Mon. Pal.

Soc. 1857), p. 18, pl. ix. |

+ O. C, Marsh, ‘The Dinosaurs of North America’ (16th Ann. Rep.

U.S. Geol. Surv. 1896), pp. 1538-163, with plates.

260 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

sharp basal tooth. Head large, round; cheeks flattened, not

spined ; punctures of head and thorax dense and coarse, on a

dullish surface, but clypeus (convex in middle) and middle of

supraclypeal area shining, with well-separated strong punc-

tures; hair of head and thorax greyish white, the vertex also

with dark fuscous hair, very short and easily overlooked ;

antenne dark ; mandibles short and thick, 4-dentate, fringed

beneath with pale golden hairs ; first joint of labial palpi about

4 or 2 length of second; tegule black. Wings strongly

and broadly infuscated on apical margin ; nervures black.

Abdomen strongly but not densely punctured, with narrow

white hair-bands, more or less failing in the middle; sixth

dorsal segment rapidly descending, strongly concave in

profile, its basal half with sparse, erect, pale hair, its apical

with pale tomentum. Legs black, the tarsi (especially the

middle and hind ones) broad and thick; hind basitarsus not

quite so long as the other joints together, if claw is included.

‘Third joint of maxillary palpi with very fine short pubescence

and shorter than 1+ 2.

Belongs to the subgenus Sayapis, and is related to M. sayz,

Cresson, but easily distinguished by the shining sparsely-

punctured clypeus, the character of the clypeal margin, and

the wholly white ventral scopa.

Hab. Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of Helianthus lenticu-

laris, Aug. 29, 1906 (S. A. Rohwer).

Megachile terrestris, sp. n.

? .—Length about 105 mm.

Black, moderately robust, in build something like M/. montt-

vaga or M. melanopyga, the abdomen strongly convex in

profile ; ventral scopa entirely rather pale orange, as are the

narrow but very distinct abdominal bands ; clypeus undulate,

with three low broad dentiform angles, one being median ;

claws with a strong basal tooth. Head and thorax densely

punctured, with the copious long pubescence very pale

yellowish, becoming strongly fulvous on clypeus, lower part

of cheeks, and vertex, and a little so in middle of mesothorax ;

head ordinary ; clypeus closely punctured but shining;

mandibles with only three distinct teeth, the innermost

rounded; first joint of labial palpi a little shorter than

second; last joint of maxillary palpi with the pubescence

very short, indistinct ; antenne dark; mesothorax dull;

tegule piceous. Wings strongly infuscated, yellower basally ;

nervures ferruginous, the outer ones piceous. Tars¢ ferru-

ginous, more or less infuscated, and clothed with orange-

Records of Bees. 261

fulvous hair; extreme apices of tibia slightly ferruginous,

the legs otherwise black, with pale yellowish hair; hind basi-

tarsus not greatly broadened. The hair of the abdomen

between the bands, which in most species is black, is fulvous,

and as it is long and overlaps the bands, it makes them

appear yellower than they otherwise would; sixth dorsal

segment descending almost perpendicularly, and then abruptly

bending to the strong lip, the descending portion covered with

long fulvous hair.

A very distinct species, not closely related to any other, so

far as I am aware.

Hab. Florissant, Colorado, 8000 feet, June 14, 1907,

flying over the ground (8. A. Rohwer).

Megachile anogre, sp. n.

2 .—Length 11 to 12 mm. (134 with the head thrust

forward), |

Black, rather robust, with greyish-white pubescence; the

abdomen shining, with narrow white entire hair-bands, that

on first segment broader and enlarged at sides; ventral scopa

white, entirely black on the last two segments ; claws with a

strong basal bristle, but no well-developed tooth. Head and

thorax densely punctured, with copious greyish-white hair ;

on the clypeus the hair is a shade greyer and thin, showing

the shining and strongly punctured surface; margin of

clypeus normal ; mandibles peculiar, short and thick, with an

apical blunt tooth, and a long straight cutting-edge beyond ;

cheeks rounded ; eyes sage-green ; tegule very dark brown.

Wings only moderately dusky; second r. n. joining second

s.m. very near its end. Legs black, with light hair, that on

inner side of tarsi fuscous or reddish fuscous ; apical corners

of middle tarsal joints with pectiniform spines or bristles ;

hind basitarsus not greatly broadened. Abdomen between the

bands, and the sixth segment, very shiny, with coarse black

hair; stwth segment wholly without pale hair and not rapidly

descending.

A pretty and distinct species, rather like Mf. generosa,

Cresson, but easily separated by the wholly light hair of

vertex and mesothorax and other characters.

Hab. Florissant, Colorado, at flowers of Anogra coronopi-

folia (scopa full of light yellow pollen), July 21, 1907; also

July 22, 1907 (S. A. Rohwer).

262 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Meyachile chrysothamni, sp, n.

? .—Length 13 mm. or a trifle less.

Black, with white pubescence, having rather a mould-like

appearance on thorax; abdomen shining, rather parallel- —

sided, with creamy-white hair-bands; ventral scopa white,

black on last segment and apical third of penultimate one;

claws without any distinct basal tooth. Head normal; eyes

pale greenish grey, parallel; vertex with a band of black

hair, and middle of mesothorax with a little of the same

colour; clypeus shining, but closely punctured, its anterior

edge very thick, but not dentate; mandibles 4-dentate ;

antenne dark; mesothorax very densely punctured ; tegule

dark reddish. Wings moderately dusky. Legs black, with

light hair, that on inner side of tarsi pale yellowish ; middle

tarsi thick; hind basitarsus only moderately broadened.

Abdomen with hair on first two segments wholly pale, beyond

these coarse and black between the bands, as also on sixth

segment, which, however, is covered with pale tomentum at

its tip; sixth segment ordinary, not subvertical.

Rather like M. texana, Cresson, but the black hair does

not cover the penultimate ventral segment, and the last three

abdominal bands are very entire and conspicuous, giving the

insect a distinctive appearance. The shining, rather parallel-

sided abdomen is also peculiar. Perhaps the closest real

affinity is with JZ. manifesta, Cresson, although this would

never be suggested by superficial appearances.

Hab. Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of Chrysothamnus

graveolens (scopa full of bright yellow pollen), Sept. 1, 1906

(S. A. Ltohwer).

Megachile newellt, sp. n.

? .— Length about 11 mm.

Very black; short, broad, with a heart-shaped abdomen ;

ventral scopa white (full of bright orange pollen, doubtless

from some species of Composite), the last segment with

black bristles at the sides ; pubescence greyish white, rather

scanty ; the thorax seen from above is black, with a creamy-

white band in the scutello-mesothoracic suture, and a spot on

each side of it, a little in front, these markings being very

conspicuous ; abdominal bands present, but only moderately

developed. Head very broad; flagellum inclined to be

reddish beneath; clypeus very densely punctured; man-

dibles very broad, the teeth low and obtuse ; lower margin

of mandibles strongly concave; apical joint of maxillary

Records of Bees. 263

palpi not or hardly pubescent ; the broad and flat vertex, the

mesothorax, and scutellum with thin black hair; tegule

very dark brown. Wings dusky. Legs black, spurs very

pale; middle tarsi greatly broadened ; hind basitarsus very

large and flat, much longer than the remaining joints to-

gether, and with light yellow hair on its inner side. Abdomen

with very short black hair between the bands; last segment

with erect hair only at sides.

Very closely allied to the Mexican M. chrysophila, Ckll.,

but differing in the colour of the ventral scopa, the propor-

tionately longer hind basitarsus, the shape of the mandibles,

“

Hab. Keatchie, Louisiana, July 8, 1905, two specimens

(Wilmon Newell).

Megachile murinella, sp. n.

2 .—Length about 10 mm.

Black, broad, the abdomen long-cordiform; pubescence

greyish white, scanty, becoming mouse-grey on sides of

metathorax ; abdominal bands well developed, but hardly

noticeable because dull mouse-grey, the last and the sides of

the penultimate scantily overlapped by shining white hairs ;

ventral scopa dull white, black on last segment except at

extreme base, and some black hair at sides of penultimate ;

claws with a sharp basal tooth; no light hair-markings on

thorax above. Head ordinary, rather large, eyes distinctly

converging below ; clypeus shining, with strong, rather close

punctures, its apical margin straight; mandibles 4-dentate,

with golden hairs projecting from the lower margin; an-

tenne dark; mesothorax densely punctured; tegule dark

rufous. Wings moderately dusky; recurrent nervures

joining second submarginal cell at equal distances from apex

and base. Legs black, hair on inner side of tarsi pale

yellowish ; spurs whitish; hind basitarsus only moderately

large. Abdomen between the bands with a pale hardly

noticeable pruinosity ; some black hairs, not readily observed,

on the last two segments, particularly the penultimate one.

I had formerly supposed, from a superficial examination,

_that the grey abdominal bands were accidentally discoloured ;

but this seems not to be the case. ‘The species is related to

M. cleomis, Ckll., but much smaller.

Hab. Mesilla Park, New Mexico, Sept. 2, 1898 (Cockerell).

264. Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Megachile kallstremie, sp. n.

9 —Length nearly 11 mm. |

Black, short and broad, with cordate abdomen, and having

a white line of pubescence in front of scutellum, and spot on

each side, as in M. newell’, to which it is closely allied. It

differs from newellz in being a little smaller, less robust,

greyer (from the pubescence), with whiter hair-bands, the

hair of face very white ; the last dorsal segment with obvious

pale pruinosity. It is evidently a desert representative of

the same stock (originally neotropical) which produced

newelli, The dusky wings, black hairs at sides of apex of

abdomen, and mesothorax in front with a widely interrupted

band of white hair, are characters separating it from the

hitherto undescribed female of M. townsendiana, Ckll., the

latter having wings clear or almost, no black hair at sides of

apex of abdomen, and mesothorax in front with two spots or

bars of white hairs.

Hab. Mesilla Park, New Mexico, at flowers of Kallstremia,

July 27 (Cockerell) ; Mesilla, July 15, at flowers of Verbesina

encelioides (Cockerell) ; Las Cruces, New Mexico, at flowers

of Solidago canadensis, Sept. 9 (C. H. T. Townsend).

Females of M. townsendiana, taken in company with males,

are from Las Cruces, Aug. 23. MM. townsendiana was also

taken at San Augustine, at the base of the Organ Mts., New

Mexico.

Megachile verbesine, sp. n.

? —-Length about 15 mm., width of abdomen 42.

Black, parallel-sided, with white pubescence, and narrow

entire white abdominal hair-bands; sixth segment with pale

tomentum ; ventral scopa entirely white; clypeus shining,

with well-separated punctures, its margin straight, but with

a little dentiform prominence, not projecting at all below

the margin, in the middle. ‘Thorax above without any con-

spicuous pale hair-markings. Superficially, this species

looks just like M/. heterodonta, Ckll., except that the abdomen

is not quite so long and narrow. It is, however, entirely

distinct from heterodonta by the last dorsal segment, which

instead of being nearly vertical and covered with black

bristles, is subhorizontal and tomentose.. he mandibles

also are not as in heterodonta, but have four ordinary teeth,

counting the inner angle. A closer real affinity is found

with M. casade, Ckll.; but in that species the abdomen is

shorter, the sixth segment 1s strongly concave in profile, and

the hind basitarsus is not nearly so long and broad, (In

Records of Bees. 265

verbesine the hind basitarsus much exceeds the other joints

together.) From MM. stdalcee, Ckll., the new species is easily

known by the absence of the conspicuous white line of hair

across the thorax, and the total absence of black hair on the

scutellum.

The vertex has a small amount of fuscous hair among

the white, but the mesothorax none. ‘The second abdominal

segment has a little fuscous hair, almost concealed by the

white.

Hab. Upper Rio Grande, at Rinconada, New Mexico, at

flowers of Verbesina exauriculata, Sept. 26 (Cockerell).

Megachile popult, Ckll.

Renewed study convinces me that M/, opuntiarum, Ckll., is

conspecific with popult.

Megachile emoryi, Ckll.

This fine species has hitherto been known only by ‘the

unique type, but Mr. 8. A. Rohwer took a female at Boulder,

Colorado, Aug. 80, 1907, at flowers of Helianthus pumilus.

Megachile perihirta, Ckll.

Copeland Park, Boulder County, Colorado, Sept 6, 1907

(S, A. Rohwer). This is the second specimen known.

Megachile mucorosa, sp. n.

g .—Length about 11 mm., width of abdomen about 44.

Black, with dull white pubescence, abundant on head and

thorax, pure white and dense on face and lower part of

cheeks; no black or fuscous hair anywhere, but inner side of

tarsi with orange hair. Head rather large; eyes yellowish

green, slightly converging below; antenne black, faintly

crenulated, not flattened or expanded at apex; clypeus

normal ; vertex and mesothorax dull, with feeble punctures ;

tegule reddish, darker basally. Wings nearly clear, the

nervures and stigma rather dark ferruginous. Legs black,

the anterior femora largely red above and the anterior tibice

with the inner surfaces red, their tarsi simple; coxal spines

distinct but short, with a little patch of shining copper-red

hair at outer base ; hind tarsi rather thick. Abdomen with a

large shining basin on first segment, the other segments

strongly depressed basally and furrowed apically; sixth

segment densely punctured above, with a strong longitudinal

keel, which points toward the apex of the transverse keel,

266 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

which ts produced into a broad beak-like structure, perfectly

entire, its point forming somewhat more than a right angle,

and curved downwards ; beneath, the segment presents two

Jarge oblique teeth on each side, the inner the larger, and in

the broad median interval appears the stout spine-like process

of the seventh segment. Four ventral segments are visible.

Related to M. reflewa, Cresson, but differs in the colour of

the legs and pubescence. It cannot be the male of M. populi,

as the sculpture of the thorax is quite different, and the

venation of the hind wings differs.

Hab. Boulder, Colorado, Aug. 9, 1906 (W. P. Cockerell).

Megachile onobrychidis, sp. n.

¢ .—Length 8} mm.

Black, with dull white hair, dense and pure white on face

and lower part of cheeks and pleura; no black or fuscous

hair, that on inner side of tarsi orange ; vertex shining, with

strong well-separated punctures; antenne slender, black,

flagellum faintly reddish beneath, not flattened or expanded

at apex ; mandibles with a reddish spot just before tip ; first

joint of labial palpi shorter than second ; mesothorax very

densely punctured ; tegule very dark reddish, with a white

patch of hair in front. Wings moderately dusky ; second

r.n. joining second s.m. a considerable distance from its

end. Legs black; anterior femora with no red patch, their

tibie faintly reddish on inner side, their tarsi simple; coxal

spines strong but rather short ; hind tarsi slender. Abdomen

short, rather shining, with narrow white hair-bands; in

addition to the usual apical bands there are distinct, but less

pronounced basal ones ; sixth segment above very densely

punctured, with fine whitish tomentum, and a pit or depression

in the middle just before the transverse keel, which is jagged

apically, and with a slight rounded emargination ; beneath,

the lateral teeth are very low, the points of the inner ones

scarcely more distant than they are from the lateral ones ;

median projection of seventh segment small, but evident ;

four ventral segments.

Hab. Mesilla Park, New Mexico.

On the Agricultural College farm, April 25, 1895, I

observed what I supposed to be a single species of Megachile

visiting the flowers of Onobrychis sativa in some numbers,

these flowers being the only ones at which I had so far

obtained Megachile that year. ‘Two specimens were caught,

and these now prove to belong to different species, M. ono-

brychidis and M. schismatura.

Records of Bees. 267

Megachile schismatura, sp. n.

6 .—Leneth about 95 mm.

Superficially like MZ. onobrychidis, but differing as follows :

face broader, eyes less converging below ; vertex with a

good deal of fuscous hair; the recurrent nervures joining

second s.m. about equally far (a short distance) from base

and apex ; keel of sixth abdominal segment presenting a very

large circular emargination, the lateral corners of which are

sharply pointed, forming much less than right angles ; on

each side of the emargination the margin is crenate, but not

jagged ; sixth segment above the keel densely white-pruinose.

The pubescence of M/. onobrychidis has a faint yellowish tint,

wanting in schismatura. ‘The eyes of schismatura are dis-

tinctly darker and narrower than those of onobrychidis. In

the apical emargination of the abdomen, . frugalis, Cress.,

is like sehismatura, but the latter has only minute lateral

teeth, instead of the prominent ones of frugalis.

Hab. Mesilla Park, as described under MZ. onobrychidis.

Megachile albula, Lovell & Cockerell.

Described from Maine. I find Ihave a male which I took

at Beulah, New Mexico, 8000 ft., July 11.

Note on Gilbert Turner’s Australian Bees.

I take the opportunity to add a note explaining the localities

of Gilbert Turner’s bees, described in earlier numbers of this

series. J am indebted to Mr. Rowland E. Turner for the

following information :-—“ The abbreviations on the labels on

the Australian bees are: Seaf., Seaforth, a locality on the

coast 20 miles north of Mackay, Queensland ; Ridg., The

Ridges, a small property 13 miles from Mackay which was

held by my brother the late Gilbert Turner and myself in

partnership for many years. Hy.is merely short for Hymeno-

ptera. All the bees sent by my brother to the Museum

were taken at one of the two above places, but as they

are not settlements of any size I always use the locality

Mackay.” (Lité., Dec. 2, 1907.)

University of Colorado,

Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.,

Jan, 12, 1908, -

268 Miss G. Ricardo on

XLIII.—Descripnons of Thirty new Species of Tabani from

Africa and Madagascar. By GERTRUDE RICARDO.

THE new species now described will be shortly embodied in

a larger work to be issued by the Paris Museum.

LTabanus brucet, @ , sp. n.

Type (female) and four other females from Ankole,

Uganda, 16. 5. 03 (Lt.-Col. Bruce), 1903. 206.

A large species with a reddish abdomen, banded wings,

and fore tibise incrassate ; related to Tabanus septempunctatus,

sp. n., but distinguished by the absence of black spots on the

abdomen.

Length 20-21 mm.

Head large, almost broader than the thorax. Face and

forehead rusty red; face, cheeks, and beard with reddish

pubescence. Palpi large, reddish, black at the apex, longer

than those of 7. septempunctatus, stout at the base, tapering

to a point; pubescence red. Antenne black, with black

pubescence on the first two joints; the first joint stout,

cylindrical, the second very small, the third broad at base

with a moderate tooth. Forehead about four times as long

as it is broad, equal in width throughout, with short reddish

pubescence. Frontal callus brown, broad, transverse, not

reaching the eyes, beyond is an oblong brown spot, not con-

tiguous. yes bare with no markings.

Thorax and scutellum brown, covered with dense short

reddish pubescence, sides and breast reddish with longer red

hairs. Squame blackish. Abdomen rather broad, short,

uniformly bright red, with short reddish-yellow pubescence ;

on the extreme lateral margins of segments 8, 4, and 5

are some coarse black hairs; underside black, with narrow

yellow segmentations and short yellow pubescence. Legs

wholly black; fore tibiee incrassate, curved; the first tarsal

joint as long as the other four, which are short and oblong ;

the claws and pulvilli large; the pubescence on legs black,

thickest on the posterior femora. Wings hyaline, brown at

base and on the fore border as far as the end of the first longi-

tudinal vein, with a brown band extending across the wing

to the fifth posterior cell.

Tabanus septempunctatus, 2, sp. n.

The type and specimens mentioned below are in the

British Museum Coll.

new Species of Tabani. 269

Type (female) and three other females from F'wambo,

N.E. Rhodesia, near the south-east end of Lake Tanganyika

(W. H. Nutt), 96. 83.

One female from Mazoé, Mashonaland, Dec. 1898 (G@. 4.

K. Marshall),

This species, which is related to Tabanus latipes, Macq., in

the markings of the wings, is easily distinguished from it by

the black spots on the abdomen. It is a handsome reddish-

yellow large species, with black legs and antenne’ and broad

fore tibize; there are seven black spots and three black bands

on the abdomen.

Length 20 mm.

Head large, as broad as the thorax. Face and forehead

rusty red, with long reddish-yellow pubescence on the face

and cheeks, the beard being of the same colour. Palpi rather

more yellow, stout, ending in an obtuse point; pubescence

short, the same colour as that on the face, tips of the palpi

black with black pubescence. The antennee wholly black ;

the first joint stout, the second small, cap-shaped, both with

black hairs, the third long with an obtuse tooth. Frontal

callus dark brown, broad, transverse, not reaching the eyes,

and no prolongation from it is visible. Eyes have no bands

or markings. Forehead broad and short, about 34 times

as long as it is broad. Thorax brown, with reddish-yellow

tomentum, most noticeable on the anterior border; sides

and shoulders rusty red, with reddish-yellow pubescence ;

breast browner ; scutellum as thorax, with traces of the bright-

coloured tomentum. Abdomen large, rather broad, rusty

red; in the centre of the second segment is an oblong, brown-

black spot reaching the anterior border of the segment, but

posteriorly triangular, not reaching the border; on the third

segment are three spots, the centre one semicircular in shape

with its base on the anterior border not extending beyond

half the width of the segment, the side spots more oblong,

touching the anterior border; on the fourth segment are three

similar spots; on the fifth and sixth a black band on the

anterior border, extending over about half the segment; the

seventh almost wholly black, the short spare pubescence is

reddish yellow: the underside yellowish, with broad black

bands on the anterior half. of each segment, beginning

from the second, the posterior borders densely covered

with yellow pubescence. Legs wholly black, with short

black pubescence, some yellow pubescence on the hind

femora; the coxze with yellowish tomentum; the fore tibie

broad, swollen, curved ; the first tarsal joint as long as the

other four, which are broad and short ; the pulvilli and claws

270 Miss G. Ricardo on

long. Wings hyaline, dark brown at the extreme base and

on the fore border to the end of the first longitudinal vein.

A broad brown transverse band extends from the stigma

across the wing into the fifth posterior cell; veins brown, the —

first longitudinal vein thickened, black.

The specimen from Mashonaland has the pubescence on

the face and forehead rather more yellow than in the type,

and a fine short black line proceeding from the frontal callus

is present, ‘he thorax and scutellum are almost entirely

covered with the reddish-yellow tomentum, otherwise it is

identical with those from Rhodesia.

Tabanus subvittatus, 9, sp. 2.

‘T'ype (female) and two other females from Bihé, Angola,

Dec. 1903 ( Wellmark), 1904. 243, in Brit. Mus. Coll.

This species is very nearly related to Tabanus septem-

punctatus, 2? , Ricardo, but differs in the spots on the abdomen.

The black spots of the fourth segment are all included in

one black band, the spot on the second segment is more oblong

than square, and the pubescence of the posterior borders of

the segments on the underside is of a paler yellow. The

yellow pubescence of the posterior femora is more distinct

and in one of the specimens extends to the posterior tibia.

The specimens are of smaller size, 18 mm. On two of them

is a note, “* Caught near cattle.”

Tabanus quadriguttatus, 2, sp. 0.

The type is in the British Museum collection, and was sent

me with three other females for identification by Dr. Krober ;

they were taken at Usambara, Nguele River, near Victoria

Nyanza Lake, on the south-east shore.

A medium-sized blackish species, with hyaline wings, brown

on the fore border and at the apex; legs, palpi, and antenna

black ; abdomen black, with grey spots. It is related to

Tabanus billingtont, Newstead, but distinguished by the

black fore tibies and by the markings of the abdomen.

Length 19 mm. .

Head broader than the thorax. Face reddish, but entirely

covered with dense whitish tomentum, with long, fine, white

hairs on the cheeks and some black hairs beneath the

antennee; beard white. Palpi blackish, with grey tomentum

and black pubescence, rather long, the same width through-

out with the exception of the short pointed apex. Antenne

black; the first joint twice as large as the second, which is

small, cap-shaped, both with black pubescence ; the third long

new Species of Tabani. 271

and slender, with a medium-sized tooth. Forehead the same

colour as the face, about five times as long as wide, with

reddish-brown oblong callus reaching the eyes and continued

as a raised line almost to the vertex. Eyes with no band.

Thorax brownish red, covered with grey tomentum, no dis-

tinct stripes visible ; traces of golden pubescence on the sides

above the wings, continuing to the base of the scutellum,

some short black pubescence is present on the dorsum ; sides

and breast reddish with grey tomentum, black hairs above

and grey hairs below ; the scutellum is similar to the thorax.

Abdomen rather long, dull blackish; the second segment

partly dull reddish, with a grey tomentose triangular spot on

the base of the second, third, fourth, and fifth segments, and

narrow greyish segmentations on the first four segments, with

golden or whitish hairs at the sides of these segments, else-

where on the sides the pubescence is black, also on the

dorsum of the abdomen wherever the dark colour prevails ;

the underside black, with narrow segmentation of whitish

pubescence. Legs wholly black, the coxee with grey tomen-

tum and pubescence, the femora with some whitish pubescence,

especially on the hinder ones, elsewhere the pubescence is

black. Wings longer than the abdomen, hyaline with yellow-

brown veins and stigma, tinged with brown along the fore

border and at extreme base and on the whole apex; the brown

colouring is, however, faint in the upper part of the second

submarginal cell and a pale streak is visible in the first sub-

marginal cell, the hind border is also tinged with brown,

leaving the discal, basal, and apical cells clear, except along

the veins; all posterior cells widely open.

Tabanus grandissimus, 2, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

Collection :—

Type (female) and another female from Fwambo, N.E.

Rhodesia, near the south-east end of Lake Tanganyika

(W. H. Nutt), 96. 83 ; two females from Lake Tanganyika

(W. A. Cunnington), 1906. 76; two females from Lunzua,

British Central Africa (A. Sharpe), 1901. 29; one female

from Deep Bay, west coast of Lake Nyasa, 1670 feet,

26. 11. 94 (2. Crawshay), 98. 81.

A large robust black species with dark brown wings, the

largest species of Tabanus as yet described from Africa,

the type measuring 29 mm., the other specimens ranging

from 23 mm. to 26 mm., the two from Lake Tanganyika

being the smallest. Bigot described a species as Tabanus

241 Miss G. Ricardo on

deyrolled, 27 mm., the type of which is apparently lost. This

species is distinguished from Tabanus biguttatus, Wied., by its

larger size and red tibie.

Head large, wider than the thorax. Face brown, with |

yellowish-brown tomentum and rather thick black pubescence;

beard blackish. Palpi yellow, but very thickly covered with

black pubescence on the outside, on the inner side they are

yellow, nearly bare of pubescence. Antenne black, the

second joint reddish ; the first joint stout, covered with black

pubescence, the second with some black hairs ; the third long,

slender, the tooth very near the base. The subcailus is the

same colour as the face, bare. [Forehead blackish, densely

covered with yellowish tomentum, about five times as

long as it is broad; the frontal callus brown, oblong, not

reaching the eyes, the line usually proceeding from the callus

is here separated from it and indistinct. The thorax is black,

shining, with red colour sometimes showing through, the

sides with grey tomentum and black hairs; the breast brown

with black pubescence; the scutellum similar to the thorax ;

the squame dark brown. Abdomen long, black, covered

with bluish-grey tomentum, devoid of pubescence, the sides

with black hairs, thickest on the first segment and at the

apex; the underside black with some black pubescence.

Legs black with red tibise; the fore tibize black at the apex,

the middle tibiz and the first joint of the tarsi wholly red,

the posterior tibia: black at the extreme apex; the pubescence

on the red tibiz black, thickest on the posterior tibiz ; on the

underside of these last is some red pubescence, on the under-

side of the posterior tarsi bright red pubescence. Wings

dark rich brown, becoming paler at the apex and on the hind

border, the centres of the second basal, the discal, and anal

cells hyaline, veins and stigma brown; all the posterior cells

widely open.

Tabanus obscurissimus, sp. 0.

One female from Lokkoh Creek, Sierra Leone, April 1904

(Major F. Smith), 1004. 143; one female from the Congo,

1900. 120; one female from Libreville, Gaboon (presented

by Dr. A. L. Bennett), 99. 134, with note “ Draws blood

from man and beast”; one female from Wassau Territory,

Gold Coast (Dr. S. H. Jones), 1901. 81.

This dull mahogany-coloured species, with a narrow abdo-

men and brownish wings, is distinguished from T. testacei-

ventris, Macq., and 7’. gabonensis, Macq., by the black hairs

on the face, the black beard, and the bright red third joint

new Species of Tabani. 273

of antennz hardly darker at the apex, and by its long narrow

abdomen.

Length 18 mm.

Head wider than abdomen. Face brown, with dull fulvous

tomentum and black pubescence, the latter consisting of fairly

long black hairs, thickest below the antenne and on the

cheeks ; the beard blackish brown. Palpi yellowish brown,

with black pubescence, which often gives them the appearance

of being blackish; they are yellower on the inner side, slightly

stout at base, terminating ina long point. Antenne red; the

third joint bright red, a little duller at the apex, the first

and second with black pubescence ; the first stout, the second

very small, cup-shaped, with a long upper projection covered

with black hairs, the third long with a moderate tooth.

Forehead above the antenne the same as face, when denuded

shining brown, narrower at vertex, eight times as long as

broad, above a little browner, with shining red-brown long

callus reaching the eyes and continued as a raised stripe

almost reaching the vertex, gradually narrowing to a fine

line.

Thorax dull brown, no stripes, lighter brown at the sides ;

the pubescence on the dorsum short, dull yellowish, mixed

with some black hairs; sides with long fine black hairs, behind

the wings they are fulvous and short; breast brown, with

black pubescence.

The scutellum same as thorax. Abdomen long, narrow,

dull mahogany-brown in colour, covered with short black

pubescence; the underside identical; the squame brown. Legs

reddish brown, the femora being brownish ; the tibiae reddish,

the fore tibize yellowish red or yellow, black at their apices,

and the fore tarsi are black; the pubescence on legs black,

thick and long on the femora, on the lighter fore tibia is some

yellowish pubescence. Wings pale brown, paler at the

extreme apex, on the second submarginal cell, and on the

interior border, which in some of the specimens is almost

hyaline. Veins brown.

Labanus fuscomarginatus, 2, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) and two other females from Kampala,

Kiadondo, Uganda, in banana-plantation, 9. 5. 03 (Lt.-Col,

Bruce), 1903. 206.

A species very nearly allied to Tabanus pervasus, Wlk.,

but certainly distinct; it is a large robust species, with a

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 18

274 Miss G. Ricardo on .

broad chestnut-brown abdomen, reddish legs, narrow forehead,

and blackish antennee.

Length 23 mm.

It is distinguished from Tabanus pervasus, Wlk., by the

bare abdomen, on which is no trace of bluish-grey tomentum, ;

and the underside is the same colour; the palpi are a little

longer, with more attenuated point. It has the same narrow

forehead, about five times as long as it is broad and narrowed

anteriorly, with the oblong reddish callus continued as a fine

line halfway up the forehead, the callus with a median

indented line; the face is yellowish brown, with yellowish-

brown hairs above and blackish ones below, the scanty beard

being blackish ; the palpi are reddish, with black pubescence,

not very stout at base, with a rather long point. The an-

tenne are blackish, the first two joints dull red, with black

hairs; the first joint stout, large, cap-like, the second very

small, the third with the usual tooth rather near the base.

Thorax reddish brown, with some yellowish-brown and grey

tomentum and some black hairs anteriorly ; no stripes are

visible. Scutellum chestnut-brown like the abdomen, with

black pubescence, darker at base. Abdomen bright chestnut-

brown, almost devoid of pubescence, traces of yellowish-

brown tomentum only on the first segment; sides with short

black hairs ; the lateral margins of fourth, fifth, and sixth

segments yellowish transparent; the underside the same

colour as the dorsum. Legs reddish brown, coxee with black

pubescence and some brown tomentum. Femora dull red-

dish, the fore femora darker, all with black pubescence ; tibice

brighter red, apex of fore tibizs black; fore tarsi black, the

others the same colour as the tibie, both with black pubes-

cence, which is thickest on the hind tibia and tarsi. Wings

hyaline, tinged with brown, on the fore border brown, a

little yellowish at the base; veins brownish, tinged with

brown, which becomes paler towards the apex of the wing.

Tabanus obscurehirtus, 2, sp. n.

Type (female) from Lutete, Congo, Nov. 10, 1903, and

another female from Leopoldville, Congo (presented by

Liverpool School of ‘Tropical Medicine), Dec. 7, 1908,

1904. 267.

A yellow robust species easily distinguished from TZ. par,

T. thoracinus, P. B., and T’. obscuripes, sp. n., by its long

black-haired femora and white fore tibia. ‘The thorax also

appears redder than in the above-mentioned species.

Length 15 mm.

new Spectes of 'Vabani. 275

Head a little wider than the thorax. Face red, thickly

covered with yellow tomentum and with yellow pubescence ;

beard yellow. Palpi long, slender, slightly broader at the

base, tapering to a point, with thick black pubescence and

some yellow hairs below. Antenne bright red, only the

extreme apex black ; the first and second joints pale yellow,

with black pubescence; the tooth fairly prominent near the

base. Forehead narrow, six times as long as it is broad,

yellow, the frontal callus brown, red, shining, not reaching

the eyes, narrow, produced to a point posteriorly, whence a

narrow line proceeds nearly reaching the vertex. ‘Thorax

fulvous, with short yellow tomentum on the dorsum ; no

stripes, sides with longer yellow hairs; the breast yellow,

with thick pubescence consisting of long yellow hairs. Scu-

tellum and abdomen fulvous, the segmentation of the latter

very narrowly pale yellow, the dorsum with short yellow

pubescence, the lateral borders of the last four segments with

yellow transparent margins; the underside similar, with

short black pubescence. Legs dull reddish, the basal half

of the fore tibize white, with white pubescence, the basal half

of the other tibize pale reddish, with some black pubescence

on the middle pair, and on the posterior pair with thick black

pubescence, long on the outer and inner borders, mixed with

a few fulvous hairs; the fore femora dull black, the middle

and posterior femora dull red, but all so thickly covered with

black pubescence that they appear black ; the fore and middle

femora with fringes of long black hairs on the outer and inner

borders ; all the tarsi blackish, with black pubescence; the

coxee blackish, with grey tomentum. Wings tinged with

brown, yellow on the fore border; veins yellow; no ap-

pendix ; all the posterior cells widely open.

Tabanus obscuripes, 2, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) and another from Zegi, Tsana, Abyssinia,

vy. & vi. 1902 (Degen), 1902. 222 ; two females from Dem-

bratcha, Godjam, Abyssinia, April and May, 1902 (Degen),

1902. 222.

This yellow species from Abyssinia is nearly allied to

Tabanus par, Wlik., and Tabanus thoracinus, P. B., but is

distinguished from them by the black fore femora.

Length 14 mm.

Forehead narrow, nearly six times as long as it is broad.

The palpi have a few black hairs, but chiefly whitish pubes-

276 Miss G. Ricardo on

cence, thick below. The fore femora are black, shining, pale

yellow at the extreme apex, with black pubescence and white

hairs on their outer borders; the other femora have also

some whitish pubescence, the fore tibiz at the apex and all

the fore tarsi black; the other legs are reddish yellow, the

tarsi with black pubescence. The w ings are tinged with

yellow; a very short appendix is present in all the specimens

except one.

Two damaged specimens from Ruwe, Lualuba_ River,

Congo Free State, area 10° 8., 26° E., Feb. 1906 (Dr. A.

Yale Murray), 1906. 98, may possibly belong to this species,

which would thus have a wide distribution ; the specimens

are too poor to enable us to speak with certainty. It is

probable that with the advent of fresh material many varia-

tions will be found in this group represented by the typical

form of 7. par of Walker, and that the species will only be

distinguished by small differences, such as the colouring of

the legs and of their pubescence and colouring of the wings.

Tabanus obscurior, 2, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) and three other females from Wathen,

Congo Free State, 1904 (per Rev. W. H. Bentley), 1905. 207.

This species from West Africa is very closely allied to

Tabanus obscuripes, sp. n., from Abyssinia, and 1s only

distinguished from it by the browner wings with no appendix,

by the fore femora and tibie having no yellowish-white

hairs but only black pubescence, and on the middle and poste-

rior femora the pubescence is here reddish yellow, not

whitish ; the palpi are slightly darker, with yellowish hairs

below, and the hairs on the face are darker than in Tabanus

obscuripes, and have some reddish-yellow hairs intermixed.

Length 14 mm.

Tabanus claritibialis, 9, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the- British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) from south end of Nya to Upper Shiré,

CG: Na 1500 feet, 14.1. 06 (#. L. Rhoades), and anaes

female from Upper Shiré, 1500 feet, 20.1.06 (Z. L. Rhoades).

A species approaching in general resemblance the group -

represented by Tabanus par, W1k., but differing from all the

known species in the colouring of the legs and shape of

forehead ; for the present we place it in this group.

A species with reddish-yellow abdomen, black thorax, clear

wings, and black legs with all the tubice white.

new Species of Tabani. Q7T-

Length 143 mm. '

Head wider than the thorax. Face covered with whitish-

grey tomentum and with white pubescence; beard white.

Palpi a little stout at base, ending in a rather obtuse point,

reddish, covered with dense white pubescence and some short

black hairs towards the apex on the upper border. Antenne

reddish, darker at the apex, the first joint cylindrical, rather

smaller than usual, the second very small, both with black

pubescence ; the third long, with tooth very near the base

and small, the first division with grey tomentum. Subcallus

reddish brown, shining, furrowed in centre, with some grey

tomentum chiefly round base of antenne. Forehead not so

narrow as in the species belonging to 7. par group, one

width throughout, about four times as long as it is broad,

blackish, covered with grey tomentum; the frontal callus the

same colour as the subcallus, almost square, not quite

reaching the eyes, the line proceeding from it short, thick; a

dark, shining, small, oblong spot on vertex; there are white

hairs on each side of the frontal callus and at its base. Back

of head whitish, with black pubescence. ‘Thorax black,

somewhat shining, with the beginnings of three grey median

stripes, and with some grey tomentum ; otherwise bare; sides

reddish, with black hairs. Breast brown, with grey tomen-

tum and some white pubescence. Scutellum blackish, with

grey tomentum and some white pubescence. Abdomen

uniformly reddish yellow, with the last three segments

brownish or blackish, pubescence black, short ; underside

identical, but with some whitish tomentum, Legs black, with

black pubescence; the tibiz pale yellowish white, with

whitish pubescence, black at their extreme apex, the fore

tibia more widely so. Wings hyaline, veins brown, stigma

yellow; no appendix; the first posterior cell widely open.

Tabanus morsitans, 9, 8p. Nn.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) from Somaliland (Capt. R. E. Drake

Brokman), 1905, and two other females from Somaliland

(Capt. Swayne), 94. 201 (damaged).

This fly is believed by the donor (Capt. Brokman) to dis-

seminate a disease which is fatal to horses and mules and

occurs in certain districts at times when the fly is also found.

“ Letter from donor to Mr. E. F. Fagan, 20. v. 05.” The

two specimens collected by Capt. Swayne are mentioned in

a note in ‘ Monograph of T'setze Flies’ by Mr. EB. E. Austen

on page 367 as representing ‘ Balaad,” a fly called thus by

278 On new Species of ‘Tabani.

the natives in Somaliland, and stated by Col. Swayne to be

by far the worst fly on the Webbe, the natives stating that

when numerous it kills horses and camels.

A narrow-hodied brownish species with two distinctly

separated calli on the broad forehead and with round grey

spots on each side of the abdomen, clear wings, yellowish

legs and antenne. It resembles a Heematopota in general

appearance and is related to Tabanus sufis, Jaennicke, but

distinguished from it by the large, convex, transverse, black

frontal callus, with both borders straight, not indented ; the

eyes apparently not striped ; the lateral spots of the abdomen

are round, isolated, not obliquely placed, touching the posterior

borders of the segments as in the above-mentioned species.

Length 13 mm.

Head wider than the thorax. Face greyish with long

white hairs; beard white. Palpi white, short, stout at base,

ending in a short point, hairy with short black pubescence

and some silvery-white hairs. The reddish-brown band on

the upper part of face bearing the antenne is covered with

grey tomentum. The first and second joints of antenne

yellow with black pubescence; the third joint is wanting.

Forehead broad, the same width throughout, hardly more

than twice as long as it is broad, covered with yellowish-

brown tomentum; the frontal callus large, black, shining,

very convex, transverse, reaching the eyes; beyond and dis-

tinctly separated from it is an irregular, almost heart-shaped,

black spot slightly indented in the middle, and another

smaller brownish spot on the vertex. Eyes bare with ap-

parently no stripes. Thorax blackish brown, with grey

tomentum and with two greyish indistinct stripes and the

sides greyish, the dorsum with very scanty black pubescence ;

the breast and sides reddish, covered with grey tomentum and

white pubescence; the scutellum reddish brown, shining.

Abdomen long and narrow, dark brown, more reddish brown

on the basal segments ; the first segment with a small median

grey spot, and two oval grey spots on sides, of grey tomen-

tum; every other segment, except the last one, with a distinct,

round, isolated, grey spot on each side and traces of a median

grey spot, which is most distinct on the second and third

segments ; the dorsum is almost bare of pubescence, the seg-

mentations narrowly greyish; underside brownish, with

greyish-yellow segmentations. Legs reddish yellow, fore

tarsi and apex of fore tibize darker, Wings hyaline, veins

and stigma yellowish (the two collected by Capt. Drake have

an appendix), the first posterior cell is widely open.

'To be continued. |

On a new Longyicorn Beetle from South Africa, 279

XLIV.—Description of a new Longicorn Beetle from South

Africa. By W. L. DISTANT.

Megacelus gustavt, sp. n.

Black, with a more or less olivaceous tint ; elytra crossed

by a transverse yellowish-white fascia at middle ; head

somewhat thickly brownishly pilose, finely punctate at base,

with a central medial linear impression not quite reaching

base ; antennz robust, first joint thickest and clavate towards

apex, second very short, third longest, a little longer than

Megacelus gustavt, sp. n.

fourth or fifth which are subequal, remaining joints excluding

apical gradually narrowing and almost subequal, apical joint

shortest ; pronotum finely punctate, centrally anteriorly sub-

cordately depressed, on each side of the anterior margin of

the depression a transverse flattened tuberculous ridge, at

base a central transverse ridge; scutellum slightly centrally

concave, broadly ridged on each side; elytra somewhat

thickly punctate, the punctures more visible on the trans-

verse pale fascia, each elytron with two longitudinal discal

linear ridges, their apices angularly rounded and in the

@ not reaching the abdominal apex; body beneath more

or less brownly pilose ; legs finely shortly pilose, the margins

of the femora and tibize more distinctly so.

Long. ¢ 30 mm.; max. lat. hum. angl. 10 mm.

Hab. Cape Colony; Hast London (G. Distant).

Allied to M. didelphis, Chevr., but not only differing in

colour and markings, the narrow transverse pale fascia being

placed at middle of elytra, but also in the antennz, which

are almost twice as broad.

280 Mr. A, Patience on a new

XLV.—On a new British Terrestrial Isopod (Trichoniscus

linearis, sp. n.). By ALEXANDER PATIENCE.

[Plate XI.]

Family Trichoniscide.

Genus Tricuoniscus, Brandt, 1833.

Trichoniscus linearis, sp.n. (Pl. XI.)

Description of species.—Body oblong linear in form, fully

three and a half times as long as broad. Dorsal face

moderately convex and very strongly tuberculated trans-

versely across the segments. Cephalon with front obtusely

rounded; lateral lobes fairly prominent and each bearing

one or two tubercles. Lateral parts of the segments of

mesosome having no obvious spicules, the lateral parts of the

three posterior segments recurved and acuminate. Metasome

occupying less than one fourth of the length of body, the

terminal expansion being broadly rounded at the tip and

carrying three small spicules. yes consisting apparently

of a single visual element imbedded in dark pigment.

Antennule with the last joint about twice the length of

second and having from five to seven sensory filaments.

Antenne about one-third the length of body, the joints of

peduncle being strongly spinulose, and the flagellum being

composed of four articulations. Left mandible with two,

right with one, penicil behind the cutting part. The meral

joint of seventh pereopod in male is broadly expanded,

while the last joint is densely ciliated on the outer edge.

The seventh perzopod in female not observed. Inner ramus

of first pair of pleopoda in male biarticulate ; the terminal

joint about same length as first, and ending in a sharp

point turned slightly inwards and finely serrated on the outer

edge. Inner ramus of second pair biarticulate, proximal

joint short; the distal joint greatly produced, contracted at

about half its length and then produced to a fine hair-like

point. The tip of the outer plate reaches to about the middle

of distal joint of inner ramus. Uropoda with outer ramus

about twice the length of basal part, the inner ramus

being narrower and shorter. Colour of the living animal,

white, semipellucid, the male exhibiting slight ramifications

of minium-red across the segments. No trace of pigment

Ana. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5.8. Voll, Pt. XT.

Alex. Patierice del. J.Green lith.

British Terrestrial Isopod. 281

discernible on the dorsal face of the female. Length of adult

male and female specimens about 3 mm.

Remarks.—Three specimens of this species (one male and

two females) were sent to me for examination by my friend

Mr. R. 8. Bagnall, F.E.S., Winlaton-on-Tyne, and, so far as

I have been able to ascertain, it does not seem to have

been hitherto described. It is at once distinguished from all

the other British species of Trichoniscus by its conspicuously

linear form, approaching nearer to J’. pygmaeus, G. O. Sars,

in this respect than any other member of the genus. It

offers some further points of resemblance to the just-named

species, notably in the form and structure of the first and

second pairs of pleopoda of the male. ‘The inner ramus of

the first pair in both species shows a close resemblance ; the

proximal! part of the outer plate, however, is more broadly

expanded in 7’, linearis; while the distal joint of the inner

ramus of the second pair appears to be more flexible than

that found in 7. pygmeus. It differs obviously, however,

from that species in the structure of the eye, having only

one visual element—in this respect resembling not only

T. roseus (Koch), but also Trichoniscotdes albidus (B.-Lund),

Haplophthalmus danicus, B.-Lund, and H. mengit (Zaddach) ;

while the dorsal face is very much more strongly tubercu-

lated, and the tip of the last segment of the metasome is

rounded, whereas in 7. pygmeus it is truncate. T. linearis

agrees in the form of the telson with 7. stebbingt, Patience,

and 7’. spinosus, Patience.

~ Occurrence.—Mr. Bagnall found three specimens in Kew

Gardens, London, December 3rd, 1807, in company with

Haplophthalmus danicus, Budde-Lund, under flower-pots, in

a moderately cool greenhouse. In these flower-pots, among

the roots of several plants, 7. stebbingi was also found.

Mr. Bagnall informs me that its movements are slower than

any other species of the genus, resembling rather the move-

ments of Haplophthalmus, and, in consequence of this, was

regarded as belonging to that genus until examined under a

microscope.

The genus Trichoniscus is readily distinguished from

Haplophthatmus by the abruptly contracted metasome, the

epimeral plates of the two anterior segments not being

concealed. These latter in Haplophthalmus are small and

concealed by the lateral part of the last segment of the

mesosome, while the three posterior segments are broadly

expanded. The sculpture of the dorsal face in this genus is

also somewhat different, having more or less distinct longi-

282 Geological Society.

tudinal ribs. In the oral parts Haplophthalmus differs from

Trichoniscus in the structure of the maxillipeds, the terminal

part of which is 5-articulate, while the epignath is simple

and lanceolate.

Other species belonging to the Trichoniscide taken at

‘Kew on that date were T'richoniscus pusillus, Brandt,

T. pygmeus, G. O. Sars, T. roseus (Koch), Trichontscoides

albidus (B.-Lund), Haplophthalmus danicus, B.-Lund, and

H. mengit (Zaddach).

Note.—A preliminary description of 7. linearis was read

to the Glasgow Natural History Society on January 28th,

1908.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.

d. Male specimen of Trichoniscus linearis, about 3 mm.

a’. Antennula.

A. Antenna.

JA. Flagellum of antenna.

m. First maxilla.

mp. Maxilliped.

prp.7 3. Seventh perzeopod of male.

plp. 1 3. First pair of pleopoda of male.

plp. 2 ay Second pair of pieopoas of male.

. Last segment of metasome with uropoda.

me‘ is magnified on a higher scale than mp.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

November 6th, 1907.—Sir Archibald Geikie, K.C.B., D.C.L., Se.D.,

Sec.R.S., President, in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘On a Collection of Fossil Plants from South Africa.’ By

Prof. Albert Charles Seward, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S.

The material on which this paper is based was, for the most part,

collected by members of the Geological Survey in Cape Colony from

the Molteno and Burghersdorp Beds. The Molteno Beds are placed —

at the base of the Upper Karroo, or Stormberg Series; the Burghers-

dorp Beds constitute the uppermost strata of the Middle Karroo, or

Beaufort Series. Mr. A. L. Du Toit, who has contributed accounts

of the stratigraphy of the plant-bearing and associated rocks,

Geological Socrety. 283

_ describes the occurrence of a transitional zone between the Molteno

and the Burghersdorp Beds, The following species are described :—

(A) Mouteno Buns.

Schizoneura Carrerei, Zeill. Teniopteris Carruthersi, Ten.Woode.

Schizoneura sp. Cladophlebis (Todites) Ressert

Thinnfeldia odontopteroides (Morr.). (Presl).

Thinnfeldia sp. Pterophyllum sp.

Thinnfeldia sp. nov. Baiera sp. nov.

(B) Bureuersporre Brps.

Schizoneura sp. Strobilites sp. nov.

Thinnfeldia sp. nov. Pterophyllum sp. cf. Pt. Tietsit,

Teniopteris Carrutherst, Ten. Woods, Schenk.

Daneopsis Hughesii, Feist. Stigmatodendron sp. nov.

Odontopteris sp. nov.

A description is also given of Schizoneura africana, Feistmantel,

a species originally figured by Hooker in an appendix to Bain’s

paper, published in 18495.

The additional plants recorded from the Molteno Beds afford

further evidence in favour of assigning this member of the Stormberg

Series to the Rhetic Period. While possessing certain Rhetic

species, the Burghersdorp flora as a whole indicates a somewhat

lower horizon.

2. ‘Permo-Carboniferous Plants from Vereeniging (South Africa).’

By Prof. Albert Charles Seward, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., and

Thomas Nicholas Leslie, F.G.S.

The majority of the specimens described in this paper were

obtained by Mr. Leslie from a sandstone-quarry 14 miles from

Vereeniging, on the banks of the Klip River; the sandstones are

associated with shales, coal-seams, and glacial conglomerates. In

the opinion of the Authors, the plant-beds should be ineluded in

the Ecca Series (Lower Karroo). While recognizing certain well-

marked differences between the Glossopteris-floras and the Upper

Carboniferous and Permian floras of the Northern hemisphere, they

are inclined to think that there are more types common to the two

botanical provinces than is generally supposed.

The following species have been recognized at Vereeniging :—

Schizoneura sp. Neuropteridium validum, Feist.

* Glossopteris angustifolia, Brongn.., Bothrodendron Leslii, Sew.

var. nov. * Lepidodendron sp. nov.

Glossopteris angustifolia, Brongn. * Lepidodendron Pedroanwm (Carr.).

Glossopteris Browniana, Brongn. Sigillaria Brardi, Brongn,

Glossopteris indica, Schimp. Psygmophyllum Kidstoni, Sew.

Glossopteris sp. cf. Gl. retifera, Feist.| Cordaites (Neggerathiopsis) Hislopi

Gangomopteris cyclopteroides, Feist. (Bunb.).

* Callipteridium sp. Conites sp.

Those marked with an asterisk are recorded for the first time.

284 Miscellaneous,

MISCELLANEOUS.

The Echinotd Name Cidaris and its Modern Application.

By F. A. Barugr, British Museum (Nat. Hist.).

For many years past the writers on Kchinoidea have been at

Joggerheads over the meaning to be attached to the name Cidaris,

and, as was pointed out to them in the Introduction to the ‘ Zoolo-

gical Record’ for 1903 (Section ‘‘ Echinoderma ”), the confusion

seemed likely to continue until they decided ‘‘ who, under the rules

of nomenclature, was its author, or which species was the genotype.”

At last a few have ventured on this attempt; but the conflict of

opinion continues. It would be safer to remain a spectator, but

having now occasion to discuss some genera of Cidaride, I have

been forced to choose a side in the quarrel. This choice has been

determined by the elaborate and carefully considered rules recently

issued by the Nomenclature Committee of the International

Congress of Zoologists—rules by which every zoologist should feel

bound, whatever his private views or previous practice. As an

example of their application to an old and common genus, the

present enquiry may have more than a special interest.

How does the case stand? ‘Taking only leading writers during

the present century, we find J. Lambert * saying ** Cidaris, dont le

type est le C. mauri Schynwoet, 1711”; T. Mortensen f says

““ Cidaris Klein (emend.),” and, from page 19, it appears that he

regards Hchinus cidaris Linn. as genotype, and believes that

Lovén showed this to be identical with C. baculosa Lamarck;

L. Doederlein t+ has changed his view once since 1900, and his

latest statement is “ Otdaris Leske (Syn. Dorocidaris A, Agassiz),

Type C. papillata Leske”; H. L. Clark § says ‘“‘ Cidaris Leske.

Type species tribulotdes Lamarck.”

Preliminary criticism of the simplest kind shows that Mr. Lam-

bert’s view, however logical from his peculiar standpoint, is out of

court. The Dutch author 8. Schynvoet was entirely pre-Linnean ;

the name ‘ Crdaris mauri” occurs also in the equally pre-Linnean

Klein || under Cidaris mammillata (p. 19), and is supposed by A.

Agassiz {| to bea synonym of “ Phyllacanthus imperialis Brandt,”

=Cidarites imperialis Lamarck. If the last-mentioned has any

claim to be the genotype of Cidaris, that claim cannot be based on

C. maurt.

We pass to Dr. Mortensen. It is a contradiction to ascribe

* 1902. ‘‘ Ech. foss. Barcelone, 1¢ partie,’ Mém. Soc. géol. France,

Pal., ix. fase. 3, Mém. 24, p. 27.

+ 1903. ‘Tngolf? Exped. vol. iv. Echinoidea, pt. 1, p.28. Copenhagen.

{ 1906. “ Echinoiden,” Wiss. Ergeb. der Tontealan Tiefsee-Exped.

Bd. v. Lief. 2. Jena.

§ 1907. “The Cidaride,”’ Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, li. no. 7.

|| 1734. ‘ Naturalis dispositio Echinodermatum.’ Gedani.

q 1872..‘ Revision of the Echini,’ p. 175. Cambridge, Mass.

Miscellaneous. 285

Cidaris to Klein, 1734, and to take as genotype Eehinus cidaris

Linn., a species that dates at earliest from 1752. To the bearing

of this specific name on the post-Linnean Cidaris we shall recur,

merely pointing out that, if it equals OC. baculosa, then Crdaris

replaces Phyllacanthus Brandt, according to the usual diagnoses

and content of that genus, though not according to the views of

Mortensen.

Professors Doederlein and Clark, it will be observed, agree in

ascribing Cidaris to Leske*, and here they appear to be in com-

plete accord with the facts and with every code of nomenclature.

They differ, however, as to the genotype, for which, to all appear-

ance, Clark adopts a species not mentioned by Leske. Such a

course is not permissible unless the later name can be shown to

have supplanted one of Leske’s names. Prof. Clark does, in fact,

attempt to justify his choice by stating that his genotype, Cidarites

tribuloides Lam., was included in Cidaris papillata Leske, and that

it was selected as type by Brandt. The former statement is correct

in so far as Lamarck himself referred to Leske’s figure of Crdaris

papillata, var. minor Leske, a reference which was accepted by

A. Agassiz (1872, ‘ Revision,’ p. 99). It therefore appears that

Clark, no less than Doederlein, regards Cidaris papillata Leske as

containing the genotype; indeed, he says that all the rest of

Leske’s twenty-eight species have been removed to other families.

Taking, then, Leske as author of Oidarzs, let us apply the rules of

nomenclature. Those relating to the determination of a genotype

are now summarized in Article 30 of the International Code +.

Applying them in order of precedence, as we are definitely instructed

to do, we are checked first by (d): “ [fa genus, without originally

designated or indicated type, contains among its original species one

possessing the generic name as its specific or subspecific name, either

as valid name or synonym, that species or subspecies becomes ipso

facto type of the genus.” Now the opening sentences of Leske’s

‘‘Additamentum ad Kleinii § 21. Species II. Cidaris mauri

&e.” (1778, p. 125) run thus: “Spec. XIX. Cidaris papillata.

Tab. VII. Non possum non, quin hic iterum cum Kuernio et

Linneo sentiam, qui ad unam speciem referunt omnes varietates,

quas alii, presertim Cl. Van PueEtsum, species esse existimant.

Nominatur hee species a Linnro: Echinus cidaris, hemispherico

depressus ; ambulacris quinis repandis linearibus ; areis alternatim

bifariis. S.N. p. 1103. sp. 8. Mus. L. vi. p. 710. Faun. Svee.

p. 618, n. 2118.” The diagnosis quoted is that of Syst. Nat. ed. x.

(1758). It would not have been possible for Leske to say more

plainly or precisely that he regarded his C. papillata and Echinus

cidaris Linn. as synonymous. It seems to follow that, whichever

name be accepted, this species must be the genotype by rule (d).

* 1778. ‘ Additamenta ad Klein’: Lipsia, pp. xvii, 74, et sqq.

+ See ‘Science,’ n. s. xxvi. p. 621; Oct. 1907. AlsoJ. A. Allen, 1907,

“ A List of the Genera and Subgenera of North-American Birds,” Bull,

Amer, Mus. Nat, Hist. xxiv. pp. 1-50,

286 Miscellaneous.

Since C. papillata Leske is merely a substitute for the pre-Linnean

and non-bionominal *“‘Cidaris Mammillata Mauri” of Klein, Lambert

also may be claimed as a supporter of this view. Happily, then, our

four twentieth-century authorities seem to be essentially in agree-

ment with the course that the rule imposes. It is with the next

step that trouble begins.

It is generally admitted that Cidaris papillata Leske is a

composite species. Leske himself (1778, pp. 125 et sqq.) divided it

into four varieties: I. major, Tab. vii. a, Tab. xxxix. f.2; IL. menor,

Tab. vii.s, Tab. xxxvii. f. 3; IIL. spinis conoideis, a Scrita

tab. xxii. f. 1. 2, 3 delineata; LIV. spinis claviculatis. The last

includes only various fossils not regarded as truly characteristic.

The first three varieties were placed by Lamarck * in three fresh

species: I. Cidarites imperialis ; LL. C. tribuloides ; III. C. hystria.

Those references are on the whole accepted in A. Agassiz (1872,

‘ Revision,’ pp. 151, 99, 105 respectively). Since Lamarck made

no other mention of Cidaris papillata, it seems to follow that one

of his three species must fall into the synonymy of that species.

The obvious course would have been to take Var. I. as the type of

C. papillata ; but, as things happened, the name papzllata became

generally attached to a form that appears to represent CO. hystrix.

Therefore it is safest to follow A. Agassiz and others in regarding

C. hystrix as a synonym of C. papillata ; otherwise there would be

terrible confusion.

We have, then, three species representing the original C. papillata,

viz. I. imperialis Lam., II. tribuloides Lam., Il]. papillata Leske.

The last of these must be regarded as carrying on the traditions of

the species, so to speak. Its holotype is the specimen from Sicilian

seas figured as a “ Hystrix” by Scilla (1759, ‘ De corporibus marinis

lapidescentibus,’ ed. 2, tab. xxii. f. 1, 2, 3). Now, as we have

already agreed that C. paprllata Leske is the type of Cidaris, and

as we have now defined C. papillata Leske, it might seem that the

question was settled. Not so!

Let it be remembered that the reason for selecting C. papillata

as genotype of Cidaris was its alleged synonymy with Hchinus

cidaris Linn. But if the species be thus divided, the hegemony

might be held to le with that division which corresponded to

Echinuscidaris. Herea totally different difficulty arises. Mortensen,

for instance, professing to follow Lovén, identifies Hchinus cidaris

with Cidarites baculosa Lam., and therefore regards the last-

mentioned species as the genotype, although no one has hitherto

supposed it to represent a Leskian species. This course, however,

depends on a misreading of Lovén, who has discussed the meaning

of Echinus cidaris at great length +. Lovén shows that the type-

specimen of Echinus cidaris Linn., 1752, belongs to Ctdarites

baculosa Lam. We, however, are concerned not with this, but

with Echinus cidaris Linn., 1758. Here the diagnosis was altered

from ‘ globoso-depressus” to ‘* hemispherico-depressus,’’ and

* 1816. ‘Hist, nat. Anim. sans Vertébres,’ iii. pp. 54-56.

+ 1887. “ Echinoidea descr. by Linnaeus,” Bih. Syensk. Vet.-Akad.

Hand. xiii. Afd. 4, no. 5, pp. 138 et s¢q.

Miscellaneous. 287

references were added to Cidaris mammillata mauri of Klein and to

Echinometra digitata 2 of Rumph, both of which are included by

Leske in C. papillata. Lovén therefore supposes (op. cit. p. 149)

that ‘‘ the species which caused him [Linnzus] to alter the word

‘ globoso’ to ‘ hemispherico’ was... the Cidaris papillata Leske.”

This conclusion is confirmed, in Lovén’s opinion, by the change of

habitat from the East Indies (1752) to the Ocean (1758) and the

Norwegian Ocean (1761, ‘ Fauna Suecica’). The reasoning seems

inevitable that Hchinus cidaris Linn., 1758, was rightly regarded

by Leske as synonymous with his Cidaris papillata, and that, to

be more precise, it corresponded with Leske’s var. 3, which now is

the restricted and universally accepted C. papillata. So clear is

this that it is really hard to see why this species should not be

called Cidaris cidaris (Linn.).

I have worked out this conclusion quite independently ; it agrees

with the conclusion reached by Doederlein in 1906. Clark objects

to it because Dorocidaris A. Ag. thus becomes a synonym of

Cidaris; and he correctly says that Doederlein does not discuss

the divisions of C. papillata Leske. The preceding discussion

shows, however, that the same conclusion would have followed had

he done so. Clark, it is true, comes to different conclusions in the

process, but he does not use the rule of type by tautonomy.

Doederlein appears to have acted on the principle of elimination,

which, so far as I can see, does lead to his conclusion. Clark

applies in addition rule (g) of the International Code, or Type by

subsequent designation. This certainly takes precedence of

elimination, and it will be interesting to see how Clark applies it

—ignoring for the moment the Tautonomy rule.

Clark says (p. 174) ‘‘ Brandt, who was the first writer to subdivide

Cidaris, distinctly states that tribulotdes is the type of Cidaris s. str.”

I suppose that Clark is here referring to J. F. Brandt (1835) fF,

but, if so, he can hardly be speaking by the book. Brandt did

nothing of the kind. Here are his actual words (p. 67) :—

“Genus Cidarites Lamk. Subgen. [nov.] Phyllacanthus Br....

(p. 68) Sectio B. Nob.* Spec. 1. Cidarites (Phyllacanthus) dubia

Br. [sp. nov.].... Sectioni B. e specierum cognitarum numero ad-

jungende, C. imperialis Lamk....C. hystrix. ...C. geranioides

...C. pistillaris. . . .[Footnote]* Sectio A seu prima subgeneris

Phyliacanthus. ... amplectitur Cidaritidem tribuloidem Lamarckii

aliasque affines.” It is clear that Brandt mentions no species of

Cidaris s, str. Brandt; that every species mentioned is referred by

him to his new subgenus Phyllacanthus ; that he fixes on no type;

that, though the species which, owing to our conventions with

regard to footnotes, comes highest on the page is C. dubia, yet the

species that comes first in reading, in actual writing, and in sense

is the only species named under Sectio A, viz. Cidarites (Phylla-

canthus) trebuloides. I do not here propose to enquire whether

any valid reason exists for considering C. dubia (= tmperialis

Lam.) as genotype of Phyllacanthus: the question does not concern

+ ‘Prodromus descript. anim. ab H. Mertensio ... observ...’ Fase. i,

Petropoli.

988 Miscellaneous.

the subject of this paper. But [ do deny that Brandt made C. tribu-

loides genotype of a restricted Cadarcs.

If the rule of first reviser is to be applied, we must turn to a

paper quoted by many, but entirely overlooked by Prof. Clark.

J. E. Gray (1825, Ann. Philos. xxvi. p. 426) fixed the genotype as

C. imperialis Lam., still further defining that species by a reference

to Klein, t. vii. f. A. This, it will be remembered, was the type of

Leske’s Var. I. major ; it was also the first species mentioned by

Lamarck; therefore on both counts Gray was only following the

dictates of common-sense in taking it as the genotype. Under the

rules of nomenclature, however, this choice can be justified only by

reinstating papiliata as the trivial name of this species, leaving

hystrix to Leske’s Var. III. This conclusion would, of course, cut

out Phyllacanthus, a much older genus than Dorocidaris.

This line of argument need not, however, be pursued further.

Cidaris imperialis, by whatever name it be called, is excluded by

the previous application of the tautonomy rule. The genotype of |

Cidaris by that rule is C. papillata= Hchinus cidaris.

Among the results, ‘‘ unfortunate ” or otherwise, of this rule are

the retention of Phyllacanthus, the suppression of the name Doro-

cidaris, and its replacement by Crdaris transferred from the section

to which it is applied by Clark (viz. C. metularia, C. tribuloides,

C. thouarsi), as well as from that to which it is applied by Mortensen

(viz. the same three species+ C. affinis, C. reini, and C. baculosa, of

which the two former are referred by Clark to Tretocidaris Morten-

sen, and the last to Phyllacanthus). For a genus including all

these species and others Doederlein (1906) has revived the name

Cidarites Lamarck, without fixing on a genotype. In Clark’s

protest against this resurrection I heartily join, for the simple

reason that Leske himself used Crdarites and Cidaris indifferently,

applying the former name to C. ewcavatus, C. coronalis, C. corollaris,

C. circinnatus, and C. ovarius merely because they were fossils.

As Clark says, Cidarites, in Lamarck’s sense, “is clearly a substitute

for, and synonym of, Cidaris.”

If a generic name be required for this section, one is already

provided in Gymnocidaris A. Agassiz, 1863, with genotype Cidaris

metularia.

The main results of this enquiry may be summarized thus :—

Crparis Leske (synn. Cidarites Lam., Dorocidaris A. Ag.).

Genotype, C. papillata Leske, restr. (synn. Echinus cidaris

Linn., 1758, and Cidarites hystrix Lam.).

Gymnociparis A. Ag. (synn. Cirdarites restr. Doederlein,

Cidaris restr. Clark).

Genotype, G. metularia (Lam.).

Puyiiacantuus Brandt (syn. Crdaris restr. Gray).

Genotype, P. imperralis (Lam.).

I express no opinion as to the validity or extent of these generic

divisions.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 4. APRIL 1908.

XLVI.—Descriptions of some new Species of Noctuide from

Peru. By Hersert Deuce, F.L.S. &e.

ALL the species now described were collected by Mr. W. F.

Rosenberg’s late collector Mr. G. Ockenden.

Fam. Noctuide.

Subfam. Hapewrnz.

Miselia albistriga, sp. n.

Head and thorax greenish brown; antenne and palpi pale

brown ; abdomen dark brown above, paler on the underside ;

a tuft of greenish hairs at the base of the abdomen and two

tufts of reddish-brown hair above the anus. Primaries dark

brown, crossed from the costal to the inner margin by two

curved greenish lines; a white spot at the end of the cell,

the apex and outer margin mostly greenish: secondaries very

dark brown, the fringe paler. Underside pale brown.

Expanse 1,5 inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Miselia albistellata, sp. n.

Male.—Head, tegule, thorax, and abdomen blackish

brown, the underside of the abdomen and legs pale brown;

antenne and palpi brown. Primaries pale fawn-colour,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol.i. 19

290 Mr. H. Druce on

darkest about the middle, the base of the wing white, the

costal margin spotted with white; a small spot in the cell

and a large one at the end of the cell, both white; several

white dots below the cell and along the inner margin; a sub-

marginal row of white dots extends from the apex to the anal

angle; the fringe pale fawn-colour: secondaries creamy

white, with a black spot at the end of the cell; the fringe

very pale fawn-colour: the underside much paler than the

upperside, darkest along the costal margin of the primaries.

—Female similar to the male, but the primaries much darker

and redder brown, with all the white spots much smaller and

more indistinct; the secondaries dark blackish brown.

Expanse, ¢ 1, 2 4% inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet ; Santo

Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden, Mus. Druce).

Miselia chrysochlora, sp. n.

Head, collar, tegule, and thorax pale yellowish green

mixed with dark brown hairs; abdomen dark brown. Pri-

maries pale yellowish green, the costal margin spotted with

dark brown from the base to the apex; the central part of the

wing and the inner margin thickly covered with dark brown

spots of various sizes ; a curved, narrow, zigzag line crosses

the wing beyond the middle; a submarginal row of various-

sized dark brown spots extends from the apex to the anal

angle; the fringe alternately dark brown and yellowish green:

secondaries dark brown; the fringe yellowish green mixed

with dark brown hairs. Underside: primaries dark brown,

paler at the base: secondaries greyish, irrorated with dark

brown scales to beyond the middle; a black spot at the end

of the cell; the outer margin from the apex to the anal angle

broadly dark brown; the fringes of both wings as above.

Expanse 12 inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Miselia tgnepectus, sp. n.

Head red; collar, tegule, and thorax dark reddish brown ;

abdomen above greyish brown, the sides and anus bright

red, the underside pale brown; the legs clothed with red

hairs. Primaries very dark brown, irrorated with grey scales;

a rather wide olive-green band crosses the wing from the

costal margin close to the base to the inner margin; a large

olive-green spot at the end of the cell, and a submarginal,

waved, olive-green line extending from the apex to the anal

new Species of Noctuide from Peru. 291

angle; the fringe greyish brown: secondaries dark brown,

palest at the base ; the marginal line red; the fringe brown.

Underside: primaries dark brown, the costal and outer

margins broadly banded with red ; a black line at the end of

the cell, beyond which a very indistinct dark line crosses the

wing from the costal to the inner margin: secondaries pale

brown, thickly irrorated with red scales; a dark submarginal

line crosses the wing from near the apex to the anal angle.

Expanse 13 inch.

Hab. S.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Miselia albitela, sp. n.

Head, collar, tegule, and thorax yellowish brown; an-

tenn pale brown; abdomen greyish ; anus yellowish brown ;

underside of abdomen and legs pale yellowish brown. Pri-

maries dark reddish brown, yellowish brown at the base; a

wide @7 -shaped mark at the end of the cell and a submar-

ginal broken band of spots extending from the apex to near

the anal angle, both yellowish brown; a marginal row of

very indistinct grey spots extends from the apex to the costal

margin ; a white angular-shaped spot below the cell, not

reaching the inner margin; the fringe pale yellowish brown:

secondaries sordid white, the outer margins broadly dusky ;

the fringe yellowish. Underside: primaries dark blackish

brown, the outer margin from the apex to the anal angle

reddish ; secondaries very similar to the upperside, but

slightly reddish.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Miselia erythurus, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdo-

men dark brown; the sides of the abdomen and anus reddish

brown; legs dark brown. Primaries dark brown ; a very

indistinct spot in the cell and one beyond; a row of very

minute black dots crosses the wing from the costal to the inner

margin; a >-shaped yellow mark below the cell and a

submarginal row of small yellow spots extending from the

apex to the anal angle; the fringe dark brown: secondaries

white, the apex and outer margin irrorated with brown scales,

the fringe white. Underside: primaries brown; secondaries

white-——female very similar to the male, but with the

secondaries dark brown, palest at the base.

19*

292 Mr. H. Druce on

Expanse, ¢ 176, 2 14 inch.

Hab. N.E. Peru, Aqualani, 10,000 feet (Ockenden, Mus.

Druce).

Allied to Miselia imitata, Mssn.

Miselia melanoleuca, sp. n.

Male.—Head white, antenne black; collar white, edged with

black ; tegule white, edged with black ; thorax and base of

abdomen white ; abdomen and underside of thorax black; legs

spotted with white; anus greyish. Primaries white, costal

margin spotted with black ; three large black spots close to the

apex ; two elongated black spots at the anal angle and a large

elongated black spot crossed by two narrow white lines extend-

ing from the base along the inner margin, the outer margin

thinly irrorated with small black dots; the fringe black and

white: secondaries white, the apex and part of the outer margin

black. Underside of primaries black; secondaries white,

with the costal margin broadly black.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Chabuata erythrias, sp. n.

Female.—Head, collar, tegulee, and thorax reddish brown ;

abdomen above dark brown, the sides and the underside and

legs reddish brown. Primaries dark reddish brown; a grey

spot at the end of the cell; the outer margin from the apex

to the anal angle black, the marginal line pale brown; the

fringe black: secondaries dark brown, palest at the base.

Underside: primaries black, the costal and outer margins

red : secondaries reddish brown, palest on the inner margin.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Hyssia ruficana, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, and tegule reddish fawn-

colour; thorax grey ; abdomen dark brown; anus and under-

side of abdomen and legs pale brown. Primaries reddish

fawn-colour; a small grey spot close to the base; two

large grey spots about the middle of the costal margin ; two

fine grey lines cross the wing from the grey spots to the

inner margin; between the grey lines on the inner margin

are two rather large black spots; the outer margin from the

new Species of Noctuidee from Peru. 293

apex to the anal angle broadly banded with grey, much

waved on the inner side ; the fringe grey: secondaries pale

brown,

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Hyssia melanopis, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen dark

brown ; antennze dark reddish brown; underside of thorax

and legs blackish brown. Primaries very dark brown,

crossed by fine broken black lines; an indistinct black spot

at the end of the cell, the outer margin from the apex to the

anal angle pale brown; a submarginal black waved line

crosses the wing from the costal margin near the apex to the

inner margin; the fringe dark brown: secondaries cream-

colour, darkest from the apex to the anal angle; the fringe

yellowish white. The underside of both wings brown, the

primaries the darkest.

Expanse 14 inch.

flab. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

flyssia stenorena, sp. n.

Head, antennze, collar, tegule, and thorax dark reddish

brown; abdomen pale greyish brown above; the underside of

thorax, legs, and abdomen dark blackish brown. Primaries

dark reddish brown, the base green ; a round green spot in

the cell ; a large greenish-white spot at the end of the cell,

the inner margin pinkish brown almost from the base to the

anal angle; a rather wide submarginal line edged with black

extending from the apex to the anal angle olive-green; a

marginal row of white dots; the fringe dark brown: second-

aries dark brown, palest at the base; the marginal line green ;

the fringe brown. Underside: primaries black, the apex and

outer margin red: secondaries greyish, thickly irrorated with

brown scales ; a black spot at the end of the cell and a very

faint submarginal black line from the costal to the inner

margin.

Expanse 13 inch.

Hab. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

FHyssia olivescens, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegulw, and thorax olive-green ; palpi

294 Mr. H. Druce on

and antenne black; abdomen brownish black; anus and

underside of thorax olive-green ; legs alternately brown and

olive-green. Primaries olive-green; a zigzag black line

crosses the wing near the base from the costal to the inner

margin ; a pale square-shaped spot in the cell and a rather

large whitish spot edged with black at the end of the cell; a

faint submarginal line with a few black spots about the

middle extends from the apex to the anal angle; the fringe

olive-green: secondaries brownish black; the fringe olive-

green. Underside: primaries brownish black, the costal

margin and a marginal row of small spots reddish brown :

secondaries greenish grey thickly irrorated with dark brown

scales ; a dark marginal band extends from the apex to the

middle of the outer margin.

Expanse 1,5; inch.

Hab. Peru, Quinton, Carabaya, 5000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

fHyssia poliorhoda, sp. n.

Male-—Head and thorax grey; antennae, collar, and

tegule reddish brown; abdomen dark grey; the underside

and the legs reddish brown. Primaries dark reddish brown,

thickly irrorated with silver-grey scales; a faint greyish

spot at the end of the cell; a dark brown submarginal line

extends from the apex to the anal angle ; the fringe brown:

secondaries white, the costal margin, apex, and part of the

outer margin clouded with brown. Underside: primaries

black, the costal margin from the base to the apex red:

secondaries white, the costal margin irrorated with red scales.

Expanse 1,, inch.

Hab. 8.K. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Eriopyga pheostigma, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, and thorax reddish

brown ; abdomen black, the anal tuft reddish brown; under-

side of the abdomen and thorax dark brown. Primaries

reddish brown; a blackish-brown spot in the cell and a

larger spot at the end of the cell, both edged with small

black dots; the outer margin blackish brown; the marginal

line pale brown; the fringe dark brown: secondaries dark

blackish brown ; the fringe pale brown. Underside brown:

primaries darker than the secondaries.—/emale similar to

the male, but very much darker in colour and with the spot

new Species of Noctuides from Peru. 295

at the end of the cell much paler in colour; the underside is

also much darker than in the male.

Expanse, ¢ 14, 2 12 inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (Ocken-

den, Mus. Druce).

Eriopyga metaleuca, sp. n.

Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen pale greyish

brown; antennae brown. Primaries pale brown, thickly

irrorated with greyish scales; two greyish spots in the cell ;

a reddish submarginal line crosses the wing from the apex to

the inner margin near the anal angle ; the fringe pale brown:

secondaries white.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab. Peru, Quinton, Carabaya, 5000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Eriopyga griseorufa, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen grey ;

antenne and palpi reddish brown; underside of the abdomen

and legs reddish grey. Primaries grey, shaded with reddish

brown along the outer margin; two zigzag, fine, reddish-

brown lines cross the wing from the costal to the inner

margin, the first nearest the base, the second beyond the

cell; a faint brown dot in the cell; the marginal line

yellowish; the fringe grey: secondaries pale greyish, the

apex and outer margin the darkest. Underside: both wings

pinkish grey.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Meliana disticta, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, abdomen, and legs

pale brown. Primaries bright ochreous ; a pale whitish line

down the middle of the wing from the base to the outer

margin ; a black streak below the base of the cell; two small

black dots at the end of the cell, several small whitish spots

with black points close to the apex ; the outer margin spotted

with black from the apex to the anal angle; the fringe

ochreous: secondaries white.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. Pero, Quinton, Carabaya, 5000 feet (Ockenden, Mus.

Druce).

296 Mr. H. Druce on

Subfam. Cuountaa.

Dascupleaia lichenifera, sp. n.

Male-—Head and palpi green; antenne black; collar

green, with a black line; tegule and thorax grey, irrorated

with green and brown hairs; abdomen grey, with three

tufts of green hairs at the base; the legs grey, banded with

ereen. Primaries grey, darkest at the apex and along the

costal margin, also thickly irrorated with small black dots ;

two broken green bands cross the wing about the middle

from the costal to the inner margin; the outer and inner

margin and a line close to base of the wing pale green; the

fringe grey : secondaries brownish white, darkest at the apex

and round the outer margin; a black spot at the end of the

cell; asubmarginal row of brown dots extending from the

apex to the anal angle; the fringe brown and grey. Under-

side of the primaries dark brown; the secondaries very

similar to the upperside.—The female very similar to the

male, but darker in colour.

Eixpanse, ¢ 174, ¢ 14 inch.

Hab. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Rhizotype confluens, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegule, and thorax

dark reddish brown; abdomen blackish brown, the anal

tuft yellowish ; underside of the abdomen and legs pale brown.

Primaries dark reddish brown, the costal margin from the

base to the end of the cell pale brown streaked with black; a

large <_y -shaped spot at the end of the cell pale brown; the

outer and inner margins pale brown; a dark brown spot at

the anal angle; a pinkish-brown line crosses the wing from

the apex nearly to the middle of the inner margin ; the fringe

alternately light and dark brown: secondaries dark brown.

Underside: both wings pale brown, crossed by a black line

beyond the middle-——The female similar to the male, but

darker in colour.

Expanse 14 inch,

Hab. 8.E, Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet ; Oconeque,

Carabaya, 7000 feet (Ockenden, Mus. Druce).

Subfam. Acrowyrcerma.

Cropia viridimicans, sp. n.

Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and upperside of the abdo-

new Species of Noctuide from Peru. 297

men greyish brown ; antenne brown; underside of abdomen

and legs pale brown. Primaries green, crossed from the

costal to the inner margin by fine brown and black lines; a

wide white band crosses the middle of the wing from the

costal to the inner margin, the band is slightly clouded with

brown at the sides and at the end of the cell ; the marginal

line black; the fringe dark brown: secondaries reddish

brown; a black-and-white dot at the anal angle and a marginal

row of small black-and-white dots extending from the apex

to the anal angle. Underside: both wings reddish brown.

Exxpanse 13 inch.

Hab. Ecuador, Sarayacu (Buckley, Mus. Druce).

_ Perigea pyrosticta, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenna, collar, tegule, and thorax golden

brown; abdomen and legs black. Primaries dark brown,

shaded with golden brown at the base, along the costal

margin, and at the apex ; two golden-brown spots in the

cell and a small tuft of white scales at the end of the cell ;

the fringe dark brown: secondaries black. Underside of

both wings dark glossy brown, the secondaries irrorated with

grey scales at the base.

Expanse 13 inch.

Hab, 8... Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Perigea rubrifusa, sp. n.

Head, antenna, collar, tegule, and thorax reddish brown ;

abdomen dull brown; legs red and brown. Primaries dark

reddish brown, the costal margin spotted with darker brown;

a light spot at the end of the cell; a waved submarginal

line extends from the apex to the anal angle; the outer

margin spotted with black; the fringe reddish brown:

secondaries brown; the fringe reddish.

Expanse 1,3, inch.

Hab. §.E, Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Perigea purpurea, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax purple-brown ;

antenne dark brown; abdomen pale brown; underside of

thorax and legs purple-brown. Primaries purple-brown,

streaked with white on the costal margin; several small

298 Mr. H.. Druce on

white spots at the end of the cell; beyond the cell a series of

black streaks ; a submarginal row of black dots with white

points extends from the apex to the anal angle; the fringe

purple-brown: secondaries pale brownish white, shaded with

pink round the outer margin.—female similar to male, the

secondaries much darker.

Expanse, ¢ 13, 2 12 inch.

Hab. S.K. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce). |

Macapta holophea, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, and

abdomen greyish brown; legs brown. Primaries pale brown,

thickly irrorated with grey and black scales; a submarginal -

row of small black dots extends from the apex to the inner ©

margin; the fringe dark brown: secondaries similar in

colour to primaries, but paler at the base; the fringe paler

brown. Underside similar to the upperside, but slightly

more red in shade.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (Ockenden) ;

Huancabamba, 6000-10,000 feet (Boetiger, Mus. Druce).

Gonodes albifissa, sp. n.

Head, palpi, collar, tegule, and thorax grey ; antenne

black; abdomen above blackish, the underside and legs

grey. Primaries: the costal half grey, the inner half fawn-

colour; a fine black curved line extends from the inner

margin near the base to the end of the cell; the wing near

the apex dark grey; the marginal line black; the fringe

pale brownish grey: secondaries grey, palest at the base; a

dark streak at the end of the cell; the fringe brownish white.

Underside: primaries black, with a spot in the cell and the

costal and outer margins all grey: secondaries yellowish white,

a black spot at the end of the cell, beyond which a row of

small black dots crosses the wing from the costal to the inner

margin; the fringe yellowish white; the outer margin of

both wings spotted with black.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

new Species of Noctuide from Peru. _ 299

Monodes hemipolia, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, collar, tegule, and thorax pale

brownish grey ; antenne black; abdomen above black, the

underside and legs grey, the anal tuft yellowish brown.

Primaries: the basal half grey, irrerated with reddish-brown

scales; a black spot at the end of the cell; a reddish-brown

band from the end of the cell to the inner margin; the apex

and outer margin dark grey; the fringe brown: secondaries

uniformly dark brown; the underside of both wings greyish

brown, indistinctly marked with black lines.

Expanse L1 inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Monodes leucostigma, sp. n.

Male.— Head, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen

brown, tegule tipped with white. Primaries dark brown; a

large black spot close to the base; a white dot at the end of

the cell; a greyish-white line crosses the wing from the apex

to the inner margin ; the outer margin and fringe reddish

brown: secondaries dull greyish brown; a dark line at the

end of the cell. The underside of both wings pale brown.

Expanse ? inch.

Hab. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Monodes semirufa, sp. n.

Male.—Head and antenne black; collar, tegule, thorax,

and legs brown; abdomen black. Primaries: the basal half

of the wing reddish brown; beyond the cell a white line

crosses the wing from the costal to the inner margin; beyond

the white line the wing is dark brown, thickly irrorated with

ereyish-white scales ; a marginal row of very small reddish-

brown spots extends from the apex to the anal angle; the

fringe dark brown: secondaries greyish brown. Underside

of both wings pale brown.

Expanse 1 inch. |

Hab. 8.K. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Monodes chionopis, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax pale fawn-colour,

thickly irrorated with black scales; antenne and abdomen

black, the anal tuft pale brown; legs blackish. Primaries

pale fawn-colour, irrorated with black scales ; the base of the

300 Mr. H. Druce on

wing black; a large black spot close to the apex and some

black lines on the costal margin; a round white dot in the

middle of the cell; the marginal line black; the fringe

brown: secondaries greyish white, darkest at the apex and

round the outer margin. Underside: primaries black, the

outer margin from the apex to the anal angle brown: second-

aries white, the apex black; a faint brown line crosses the

wing below the middle.

Eixpanse 1 inch.

Hab. S.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Calymniodes obconica, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, and

legs reddish brown ; abdomen black. Primaries dark reddish

brown, marked very similar to Calymniodes leucographa,

Hmpsn., but instead of being white round the large central

reddish-brown patch it is greyish blue; a submarginal row of

black spots crosses the wing from the costal to the inner margin

near the anal angle; the fringe reddish brown: secondaries

white, broadly black at the apex and partly round the outer

margin; the fringe partly black and white. Underside:

primaries black, the costal and outer margins reddish brown:

secondaries white, with black spot at the end of the cell; the

costal margin and apex irrorated with reddish-brown scales.

Jixpanse 14 inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet ( Ocken-

den, Mus. Druce).

This species is allied to Calymniodes leucographa, Hmpsn.,

and Calymniodes promentona, Dogn.

Calymniodes rhodopis, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antennex, palpi, collar, tegule, and thorax

dark brown, the base of the collar white; abdomen black

above, the underside and legs blackish brown. Primaries

brown, irrorated with black scales; three white zigzag lines

cross the wing from the costal to the inner margin, the first

close to the base, the second about the middle of the cell, and

the third considerably beyond -the cell; a round reddish-

brown spot edged with black at the end of the cell; an

indistinct submarginal pale brown line extends from the apex

to the inner margin; a marginal row of white dots; the

fringe brown: secondaries white, the costal margin, apex,

and outer margin clouded with brown; a black spot at the

new Species of Noctuide from Peru. B01

end of the cell, The underside greyish brown, irrorated with

dark brown.

Kixpanse 14 inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Aqualani, 10,000 feet (Ockenden, Mus.

Druce).

Calymniodes turcica, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, thorax, and abdomen

reddish brown, collar edged with light brown. Primaries

brown, streaked with black at the base and along the costal

margin; the cell and a rather large square-shaped spot

beyond dark brown; a white dot with a white line under it

in the cell; five small white dots at the end of the cell; the

outer margin paler brown, with a greyish-brown spot above

the anal angle ; the marginal line black; the fringe dark

brown : secondaries dark brown, with a darker brown spot at

the end of the cell; the fringe dark brown. The underside

pale brown, the costal margin of the primaries reddish.

Expanse 13 inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce). 8

Calymniodes albiorbis, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, and

abdomen dark brown; legs black and brown. Primaries

dark brown, crossed about the middle by a wide pale brown

band edged on each side with a waved black line; a white

spot in the cell and two white lines at the end of the ceil;

the costal margin streaked with greyish-brown lines; a sub-

marginal pale brown line extends from the apex to the anal

angle ; the fringe dark brown: secondaries greyish white,

clouded with brown at the apex and round the outer margin.

Eixpanse 1 inch.

Hlab. 8.2. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Chytoniz chi-rophila, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen

pale green; antenne, underside of thorax, and abdomen

brown ; legs brown, banded with black. Primaries pale

green, the costal margin spotted with brown and white; a

large V-shaped brown mark about the middle of the costal

margin ; a brown spot about the middle of the outer margin

and one at the anal angle; a waved white line crosses the

wing from the costal margin to the anal angle; the outer

302 On new Species of Noctuidee from Peru. e

margin spotted with black ; the fringe brown: secondaries

blackish brown, the fringe green. Underside pale brown.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab. 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Leucosigma uncifera, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax pinkish brown ;

abdomen and legs brown, the anal tuft reddish; antennz

dark brown. Primaries reddish brown, irrorated with white

scales; a large white mark at the end of the cell and two

white waved lines cross the wing from the costal to the

inner margin, the first line at the end of the cell, the second

beyond, edged with black on the inner side; the outer

margin spotted with white; the fringe brown: secondaries

greyish white, clouded with brown at the apex. Underside

pinkish white.

Expanse 1 inch.

Hab. Peru, La Oroya, Carabaya, 3000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Neocalymnia obconica, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax,

abdomen, and legs brown. Primaries brown, crossed by two

faint brown lines, the first near the base, the secchd beyond

the cell ; a large ‘reddish-brown patch on the costal margin

neat the apex ; the fringe dark brown: secondaries blackish

brown. Underside : primaries and secondaries dark blackish

brown, the costal margin of primaries pale brown.

Expanse 13 inch.

Hab. 8.K. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Delia albiclava, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, and

abdomen fawn-colour. Primaries fawn-colour, streaked with

darker brown; a dark brown mark at the end of the cell; a

black line below the cell extending from the base almost to

the outer margin ; a silvery-white streak below the black

line; the veins black: secondaries fawn-colour, palest at the

base; the fringe brown. Underside: both wings Pale brown.

Expanse 13 inch.

Hab. N. Peru, Huancabamba, 6000-10,000 feet (Mus.

Druce).

On Mammals from Northern Gazaland &e. 303

Acroriodes diplolopha, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, and antenne dark reddish brown ;

collar and tegule greyish brown ; thorax, abdomen, and legs

greyish. Primaries dark brown, shading to light reddish

brown on the inner half of the wing; a large brown spot

edged with white at the end of the cell; the costal margin

streaked with black; a pale greyish band extends from the

apex to the anal angle; the marginal line black ; the fringe

alternately light and dark brown: secondaries cream-colour,

broadly bordered with black ; the fringe pale brown. Under-

side: primaries blackish brown; secondaries similar to the

upperside.

Expanse 1? inch.

Hab. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Eriopus leucotoma, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, and thorax

dark reddish brown ; abdomen blackish brown; legs reddish

brown. Primaries reddish brown; a darker brown line

crosses the wing about the middle from the costal to the inner

margin; a large dark brown spot at the end of the cell;

three fine white lines cross the wing from the costal to the

inner margin; the marginal line black, edged with white on

the inner side; the tringe reddish brown: secondaries

blackish brown; the fringe reddish brown. Underside:

primaries brown, reddish along the costal margin: second-

aries reddish brown ; a submarginal line of small black dots

extending from the apex to the anal angle.

Expanse 13 inch.

Hab. §.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Allied to Eriopus floridensis, Guen.

XLVII.—A List of Mammals collected by Mr. C. F. M. Swyn-

nerton in Northern Gazaland (Portuguese Kast Africa)

and the Melsetter District of Rhodesia. By RK. C.

WROUGHTON.

Tue Chirinda Forest, in or near which Mr. Swynnerton

largely made his collection, is an isolated patch of forest of

quite small extent situated in the Melsetter District of

304 Mr. R. G. Wroughton on

Rhodesia, on the border of Portuguese Kast Africa, and about

150 miles south of Umtali on the Salisbury-Beira Railway.

Although for the most part the specimens composing this

collection belong to known forms, yet they seem to be of

considerable interest from the point of view of distribution.

Thus the Galago, Petrodromus, and Mungoose are the same

as those of the Zambesi Valley, and the local form of

A. pumilio is the same as that of Rhodesia, while the Vley

rat is identical with that of the Zoutpansberg district of the

Transvaal. Again, the Chirinda monkey is Cercopithecus

albogularis betirensis, while the Cricetomys differs from the

Beira form and agrees with that from Inhambane; but

the new form of Funisciurus palliatus described, though

distinct, is, in colour-pattern at least, closely allied to the

Zululand and Nyasa forms and quite different from /. sponsus,

the form of the coast country from Inhambane to Beira and

Gorongoza.

1. Cercopithecus albogularis beirensis, Poe.

The present specimen approaches perhaps nearest to C. ald.

betrensis than to typical C. albogularis from Nyasa, but the

distinguishing characteristics are much less marked than in

the series from Beira in the Rudd Collection on which the

local race was based.

2. Papio cynocephalus, Geoff.

Sclater, in his ‘ Mammals of South Africa,’ seems to fix

the Zambesi as the southern limit of the long-legged yellow

baboon, but the present specimen and those in the Rudd

Collection from Inhambane show that this is not so.

Mr. Grant tells me in his experience the Limpopo River is

approximately the frontier-line between P. porcartus and

P. cynocephalus.

3. Galago crassicaudatus, Geoff.

The specimens are quite like those in the Rudd Collection

from the Gorongoza District, Portuguese E. Africa.

4. EHpomophorus crypturus, Pet.

5. Rhinolophus augur, K. Anders.

This is most probably Andersen’s subspecies zambesiensis.

6. Petrodromus tetradactylus, Pet.

Indistinguishable from specimens from Beira in the Rudd

Collection.

Mammals from Northern Gazaland ce. 305

7. Crocidura flavescens, I. Geoff.

8. Crocidura martenst, Dobs.

9. Myosorex tenuis, Thos. & Schw.

The type locality of this species is Zuurbron.

10. Precilogale sp. (juv.).

11. Mungos cauut, Sm.

Quite like specimens from Mashonaland.

12. Viverra civetta, Schreb.

13. Genetia rubiginosa, Puch.

14. Funisciurus mutabilis, Pet.

The typical habitat of this species is the southern part of

the Portuguese province of Mozambique; in the Rudd

Collection it is represented by specimens from Beira and

Gorongoza, and has been received from N.E. Rhodesia and

beyond.

15. Funisciurus palliatus swynnertoni, subsp. n.

A dark-coloured race of £. palliatus.

Size about as in typical /’. palliatus.

Fur fairly long (16 mm. on back) and soft.

General colour above grizzled black and buff, below

cinnamon-rufous; individual hairs of underfur on the back

basally black for 2 their length, then bright buff with minute

black tips; longer hairs black, with one or more buff rings ;

individual hairs of belly with very short black bases, then

bright orange-rufous. Face coloured like back, cheeks

cinnamon-rufous. ‘Tail almost black, suffused with rufous,

the individual hairs basally whitish, then black with a buff

ring, terminal half ferruginous. Feet and hands chestnut-

brown.

Skull slightly shorter and markedly narrower than in

F’. sponsus, and markedly smaller in all ways than either

typical F’. palliatus or its Zululand race ornatus.

Dimensions :—

Head and body 200 mm. (circ.) ; tail 200 (cire.) ; hind

foot 49; ear 19.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 20

306 On Mammals from Northern Gazaland de. :

Skull: greatest length 46; greatest breadth 26; inter-

orbital breadth 12; basilar length 37; diastema 11; upper

molar series (exclusive of supplementary anterior molar) 8;

bulla O°5.5 3 ees

‘Hab. Chirinda Forest, N.E. Transvaal.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 6. 10. 6. 7.

The long series obtained by Mr. Swynnerton are remarkably

even in their general colouring. The colour-pattern is that

of Ff’, pallatus and fF. p. ornatus, but the complete absence

of ferruginous colouring on the face, the dark chestnut feet

and hands, and its smaller size distinguish it from these at a

glance, while the totally different colouring separates it from

F’, sponsus, which it closely approaches in size. :

16. Mus microdon, Pet.

17. Arvicanthis pumilio dilectus, de Wint.

Mr. de Winton based A. dilectus on specimens collected by

Mr. Darling at Mazoe in Mashonaland, and externally these

specimens are identical ; but I place them with some hesitation

in this subspecies, for the skulls are too damaged to be any

guide.

18. Arvicanthis dorsalis, Sm.

19. Pelomys fallax, Pet.

First obtained by Peters in S. Mozambique.

20. Otomys trroratus cupreus, Wrought.

The solitary individual is indistinguishable from the Rudd

Collection specimens from the Zoutpansberg District of the

Transvaal.

21. Acomys seloust, de Wint.

The specimen is in bad condition and its skull is missing.

22. Leggada minutotdes, Sm.

23. Dendromus pumilio, Wagn.

24. Thamnomys arborartus, Pet.

Unfortunately the skulls are damaged or missing.

25. Cricetomys gambianus adventor, Thos. & Wrought.

Mr. Swynnerton’s specimens are distinctly more closely

allied to the Inhambane race (adventor) than to the one from

Gorongoza (cunctator).

“#

Ann.

& Mag. Nat.Hist.S.8.Vol.1. PUXM.

J.Green, lith.

E.Popple, del.

= wu

= re

ma)

= /

Ky /

ae)

Paley

‘

Pete: OF THE |

LlvERSITY of iLLINOIS.

On some Species of Leptocheirus. 307

26. Georychus darling?, de Wint.

The specimen is young, but I think I have correctly

allotted it to the Rhodesian species rather than to the much

larger G. beire.

27. Lepus saxatilis zuluensis, Thos. & Schw.

28. Cephalophus monticola, Thunb.

XLVIII.— Some Species of Leptocheirus, a Genus of

Amphipoda. By Canon A. M. Norman, M.A., D.C.L.,

LL.D., F.R.S.

[Plates XII. & XIII]

In a work published in 1906 on the Crustacea of Devon and

Cornwall * the four species then known as denizens of the

eastern side of the North Atlantic were described, and three

of them were figured. Since that time two other undescribed

species have come into my hands, one of which has been

found in brackish water in Norfolk by Mr. Robert Gurney,

who has placed it in my hands for description, and a single

specimen of the other has been found by me among material

which I dredged in 1880 in the Fosse de Cap Breton, in the

Bay of Biscay. ‘These two species I now describe, and

notice the seventh species known on the western side of the

Atlantic, namely Leptocheirus pinguis of Stimpson,

Leptocheirus subsalsus, sp.n. (Pl. XII. figs. 1-6.)

The first segment of the urosome has its hinder margin

smooth. ‘The secondary appendage of the antennule (fig. 1)

consists of only a single joint, which is not longer than the

first joint of the filament, which latter is 13-jointed. The

first gnathopod (fig. 2) has the coxa (epimera) of nearly

oblong shape, the extremity broad and very obtusely rounded ;

the propodos is much shorter than the carpus ; widening from

its base to its wide transverse extremity. The finger of

equal length with the palm. Second gnathopod (fig. 3) has

the basal joint very long, equalling in length the whole of

the rest of the limb; the sete on the hinder margin of the

* ‘The Crustacea of Devon and Cornwall,’ by Canon A. M. Norman,

F.R.S, &c., and Thomas Scott, LL.D., F.L.S. 1906, William Wesley

& Co.

20*

308 Canon A. M. Norman on

wrist and hand are short and stiff, the finger in form of a

nail, about one third as longasthe hand. The first pereeopod

(fig. 4) has the meros unusually expanded for the genus, the

carpus short, not exceeding half the length of the preceding

joint, itself nearly as broad as long, the propodos is somewhat

longer, the nail rather more than half as long as the propodos.

The propodos of the last perseopods (fig. 5) is much narrower

than the preceding joint and has a few short sete both on

the front and hinder margins. ‘The uropods (fig. 6) are

furnished with only a few spines, and those of small size.

Length 5 mm.

This species has been found by Mr. Robert Gurney in

brackish water in some of the rivers connected with the

Broads.

Leptocheirus bispinosus, sp. n.

(Pl. XII. figs. 7-9; Pl. XIIL. figs. 1-3.)

The first segment of the urosome has a strong and acute

angular backward projection on each side (Pl. XIII. fig. 3), but

no central spine-process. ‘lhe antennules have their secondary

appendage (PI. XII. fig. 7) five-jointed and equal in length to

three joints of the flagellum. ‘The first gnathopod (Pl. XIII.

fig. 1) has the coxa widening from the base and distally very

widely rounded; the basal joint is stout, the carpal and _ pro-

podal joints subequal in length, the former being only very

slightly longer than the latter, which 1s subovate, widest in

the middle; the palm rounded off and not distinctly defined ;

the finger is longer than the extremity of the propodos, it has

its inner face serrulated and minutely ciliated. The second

gnathopod (Pl. XIII. fig. 2) has the coxa unusually small for

the genus, not reaching to as much as half the length of the

basos ; this last joint is very long, nearly equalling the whole

of the rest of the limb; the propodos is not quite as long as

the carpus; the finger is nail-formed and scarcely curved,

in length it is about equal to one third of the propodos. ‘The

first pereeopod (Pl. XII. fig. 8) has the meros of equal breadth

throughout, and it is as long as the basal joint; the carpus is

rather more than half the length of the meros; the propodos

and finger gradually attenuate from the base of the former to

the acute extremity of the latter. The last pereopod (Pl. XII.

fig. 9) has the propodos produced, half as long again as the

carpus; remarkably parallel-sided, with scarcely any spines

or sete except at the base of the nail. Uropods (Pl. XIII.

fig. 3) with numerous spines of considerable size, those of

second pair stronger than in any other species known to me

except L. pilosus (Zaddach) = L. hirsuttmanus, Bate.

some Species of Leptocheirus. 309

Length 10 mm.

A single specimen was procured by me in 1880 (July 9),

when dredging with my late friends Dr. Jeffreys and the

Marquis de Folin in the Fosse de Cap Breton, Bay of Biscay,

in 85-60 fathoms.

The chief characteristics of this species are the long

secondary appendage of the antennules, the form and size of

the coxa of the first and second gnathopods, the spine-formed

process on the side of the first segment of the urosome, and

the strongly formed spines of the second uropods.

Leptocheirus pinguts (Stimpson).

(Pl. XIII. figs. 4-8.)

1853. Ptilocheirus pinguis, Stimpson, Invert. Grand Manan, p. 46.

1862. Protomedeia pinguis, Bate, Cat. Amphip. Crust. p. 170 pl. xxxi.

fio. 2.

1862. Protomedeia fimbriata, Bate, J. c. p. 169, pl. xxxi. fig. 1.

1873. Ptilocheirus pinguis, Vervill, U.S. Comm. Fish and Fisheries,

p. 561.

1893. Leptocheirus pinguis, Della Valle, Gammarini del Golfo di

Napoli, p. 482, pl. lvii. figs. 1-3.

1906. Leptocheirus pinguis, Stebbing, Das Tierreich, Amphipoda,

I. Gammaridea, p. 627.

The cephalon is about equal in length to the first two

seements of the mesosome; the first and second segments of

the urosome have each a spine-point situated on both sides of

the centre of the dorsum, and those of the second segment are

accompanied by a cluster of short stiff setaa. The telson is

subtriangular, the apex forming a very obtuse angle, the

breadth greatly exceeding the length; near the lateral

margins are groups of short stiff setze similar in character to

those of the second segment of the urosome ; all the segments

of the urosome are short and closely crowded together. The

accessory appendage of the antennules (PI. XIII. fig. 4) con-

sists of six to eight joints, and equals in length the first three

joints of the flagellum. ‘lhe coxee (or epimera) of the gnatho-

pods and following perzeopods have their hinder margin beset

with well-developed spines (see figures): that of the first

gnathopodis small, linguiform, narrowed, rounded at the extre.

mity ; that of the second gnathopod is very large, its length

not much exceeding its breadth. ‘The first gnathopod (fig. 5)

has the propodos subequal in length to the carpus and slightly

widening from the base to the extremity, where the palm is

directly transverse; the finger is finely denticulated and

exactly fits the slightly convex shape and the length of the

palm. In the second gnathopods (fig. 6) the basal joint has

a length equal to the following joints to the middle of the

310 On some Species of Leptocheirus.

propodos ; the propodos is one third shorter than the carpus ;

the nail only slightly bent, equal in length to one third of

the propodos. ‘he first pereeopods (fig. 7) have the meros

about one third longer than the carpus and equal in length to

the gradually tapering propodos ; the nail is long and slender

and is as long as two thirds of the propodos. ‘The last

pereeopods (fig. 8) have the propodos strong, with sete on both

sides, and only slightly longer than the preceding joint. The

uropods are furnished with spines of moderate size.

The male differs considerably from the female in the

anterior part of the body. ‘The first segment of the meso-

some is as long as the head and about twice as long as the

following segment. The first gnathopods have the coxa of

much larger size and quite different shape, it being rhom-

boidal in outline; the gnathopod itself is much more deve-

loped than in the female, larger and longer ; and the palm of

the propodos is slightly concave instead of very slightly

convex, and is furnished with a short, stumpy, strong spine

at its commencement. The coxa of the second gnathopods

is largely developed and extends downwards beyond those of

adjoining limbs. :

Length 15 mm.

I am indebted to Prof. 8S. I. Smith for specimens of this

species from Long Island and also from Vineyard Sound. As

regards, distribution he writes (d. ¢.):—‘‘Common on the

whole coast of New England upon muddy bottoms, and

north to Labrador. In depths it extends down to 150 fathoms,

and probably much farther.”’

The following diagnostic characters of the North-Atlantic

species of Leptocheirus may be useful :—

Coxe (epimera) of gnathopods and following segments

having their hinder margin furnished with spines.. pinguts.

Coxe without stich spines:, ...4%.6.6.0.-huuss een ee

2. Finger of second gnathopods unguiform ,........... 3.

Finger of second gnathopods stiliform, tipped with

BOLD 2 ak ie Wy ah Sh no eave She ok tthe

8. First segment of urosome with spine-processes on

hinder margin

First segment of urosome without spine-processes .... 5.

4. A central and two lateral spine-processes............ guttatus.

No central, but two lateral spine-processes .......... bispinosus.

5. Nail of posterior gnathopods cleft .............0. 00s prlosus.

Nail of posterior gnathopods simple, not cleft........ subsalsus,

6. Coxa of first gnathopods very small, terminating in a

HNG Pont - Gan eeeaee Fok hao een o eth sean della valler *,

Coxa of first gnathopods quadrate, front corner scarcely

produced. 455. Wiis ae vue oh 0 OW ER el ee pectinatus,

* della valle, Stebbing, = Protomedeia fasciata, Costa (nec Kroyer),

On new Species of Tabani. 311

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PuaTeE XII.

Fig. 1. Leptochetrus subsalsus, sp. n. Antennules and antenna.

Fig. 2. i First gnathopod.

Fug. 3. F ~o Second gnathopod.

Fig. 4. A. A First pereopod.

Fig. 5. " v. Last pereeopod, terminal joints.

Fig. 6. = as Urosome.

Fig. 7. Leptocheirus bispinosus, sp.n. Secondary appendage of antennule.

Fig. 8. i ‘s First perseopod.

Fig. 9. i a Last perzeopod, terminal joints.

Prare:Xiit;

Fig. 1. Leptochetrus bispinosus, sp.n. First gnathopod.

Fig. 2. i ag Hf Second gnathopod.

Fig. 3. -! fp Urosome.

Fig. 4. Leptocheirus pinguis, Stimpson. Secondary appendage of antennule.

Fg. 5. Pr - First gnathopod.

Fig. 6. » i Second gnathopod.

Fig. 7. Ht o First pereopod.

Fig. 8 + 7 Last pereeopod, terminal joints.

XLIX.—Descriptions of Thirty new Species of Tabani from

Africa and Madagascar. By GERTRUDE RICARDO.

(Concluded from p. 278.]

Tabanus triteniatus, 2, sp. n.

One female (type) from Bailundo, Angola, Dec. 1904—

Jan. 1905 (Dr. F. C. Wellman), 1906. 189; one female

from Bihé, Angola, Dec. 1904 (Or. F. C. Wellman),

1906. 139.

A very small black species nearly allied to ZT. gratus,

Loew, from which it is further distinguished by the shape

of the middle callus, which is larger, occupying nearly

the whole width of the forehead, and almost square, with its

anterior and posterior borders often irregular, blackish brown;

in ZT’. gratus it is much smaller and narrower oblong in shape.

Its small size will distinguish it at first sight, the type

measuring 8 mm., the other female only 64 mm.

Abdomen with three grey stripes, the middle one attaining

the sixth segment, the side ones the fourth segment, but

sometimes ending before this. Antenne reddish ; the first

joint greyish with black-haired upper angle, the third blackish

512 Miss G. Ricardo on

or brown at tip. Eyes with two stripes at least. Thorax

with grey stripes. Frontal callus brown, shining, slightly

protuberant, occupying whole width of head and connected

by a short line with middle callus. Forehead grey, with

black pubescence towards vertex. Legs reddish. Wings

quite clear.

Tabanus uniteniatus, 2, sp. n.

Type (female) and another female from Pungwe Valley,

S.E. Africa, 1896 (G. A. K. Marshall), 96. 84, at the

fortieth mile-peg from commencement of Beira Railway ;

one female from Wau, Bahr-el-Ghazal, Egyptian Soudan,

25. vil. 1905 (per Dr. A. Balfour), “at light.”

A species probably nearly related to 7. unilineatus, Loew,

from Mozambique, but distinguished from it by the redder

abdomen, lighter fore tibize, the more slender palpi, the tri-

angular frontal callus, and the larger size (13 mm.). It is a

narrow-bodied reddish species, with a median white stripe on

the abdomen and wings almost clear.

Head small, broader than the thorax. Face reddish,

covered with grey tomentum and with short scanty white

pubescence; beard white. Palpi yellow, thickly covered

with black hairs, long and narrow, only slightly broader at

the base, ending in an obtuse point. Antenne bright red,

the extreme apex black; the first joint short, broad, with a

few black hairs ; the second small, cap-shaped, with black

hairs on its upper angle; the third with an obtuse tooth.

Forehead about four times as long as it is broad and the

same width throughout, reddish with some little grey tomen-

tum; the callus shining red-brown, convex, oval, becoming

narrower at its lower end, whence proceeds a narrow short

raised line, which widens to a spindle-shaped callus ; from the

vertex a narrow black line proceeds in two branches sur-

rounding this last. Eyes with no markings. Thorax reddish:

brown, with traces of grey tomentum and of three stripes,

the sides reddish with grey tomentum. Abdomen narrow,

reddish brown, with a greyish-white median stripe reaching

the fifth segment, the apex black, the segmentations very nar-

rowly white, the pubescence on dorsum mostly black ; under-

side testaceous with a black apex, in the other female it is

very largely black. Legs reddish, the femora (especially the

fore femora) blackish, the fore tibie blackest at their apex,

and fore tarsi black. Wings hyaline, the stigma yellowish,

the veins yellowish brown (in the other female the fore

border has a very slight tinge of yellow) ; the first posterior

cell not narrowed.

new Species of Tabani. 313

Tabanus conspicuus, 2, sp. n.

Type and two other females from Yoiuti, Juba River,

about 20 miles from mouth, E. African Protectorate, Feb.

1905 (Major L. H. R. Pope Hennessey). “ Flew into cabin

of steam launch.”

A handsome medium-sized species, easily distinguished

by its large size, yellow legs and antenne, and by the light

yellow abdomen with only one grey median stripe hardly

bordered by any darker colour, and lastly by its striped thorax.

Length 19 mm. One specimen measures only 16 mm.

Head large, wider than the thorax. Face reddish, covered

with dense white tomentum, so that it appears whitish, with

long white hairs below the antenne; beard white. Palpi

large, white, with no black pubescence, stout at base, pro-

longed to a point. Antenne reddish, at apex black; the first

joint with grey tomentum and black pubescence, cap-shaped ;

the second smaller, cup-shaped, with black pubescence; the

third long with a moderate tooth. Forehead fairly broad,

about five times as long as it is broad, and the same width

throughout, the same colour as the face, but posteriorly more

yellow, or altogether yellower; the callus reddish brown,

shining, large, oblong, not reaching the eyes, prolonged asa

stripe which is not always united to it and is often divided

into two lengths, the last half being shorter, not reaching the

vertex. Eyes with no stripes or markings. ‘Thorax brown,

with greyish-yellow tomentum forming three stripes, the

median one narrower; sides greyer; pubescence short, scanty,

and yellow, with some longer yellow hairs at the sides,

bordered by black hairs above; breast grey, with whitish

pubescence ; scutellum the same colour as thorax. Abdomen

large, yellow, with a central stripe of white tomentum com-

posed of triangular-shaped spots with long apices each united

to the preceding one; spot on the first segment is not always

discernible ; on the second segment the triangular shape is

nearly obsolete ; the stripe hasa faint reddish border on each

side, which after the fourth segment becomes black; the

pubescence on the dorsum is short and black, intermixed with

yellow pubescence, which is thicker at the sides; the sides

of the first two segments have some grey tomentum ; under-

side yellow, with very narrow white segmentations, becoming

darker at the apex. Legs reddish yellow; tibie yellower ;

the coxe covered with grey tomentum; the fore tarsi and

extreme apex of tibie black, the other tarsi brownish; the

pubescence on the fore coxe and femora silvery white, on

the others shorter and yellow; on the tibiz it is the same, but

314 Miss G. Ricardo on

on the tarsi blackish; the last four joints of the fore tarsi

rather broad. Wings longer than the abdomen, hyaline; the

veins brownish, all with yellow-brown shading; the stigma

yellowish ; the first posterior cell slightly narrowed.

Tabanus subangustus, 2, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) from Abutshi, River Niger, W. Africa

(A. Braham), 1903. 146; three females from N. Nigeria,

7. vil. 1905, &c., received from Dr. J. H. Ashworth,

Edinburgh University (coll. by Dr. Dalziel); one female

from Odut, S. Nigeria (Dr. Dudgeon).

This species is related to JT. nigrohirtus, Ric., but dis-

tinguished at once by the broader forehead and frontal callus,

and by the longer narrower abdomen, and the grey stripe is

wider, about 1 mm. in width, and more distinct ; the posterior

cell narrowed in J’. nigrohirtus is not so in this species ; both

are West African species.

Length 17 mm.

There are specimens in the Paris Museum, from Sene-

gambia.

A reddish-brown species, with one grey median stripe and

wings tinged with brown.

Head hardly wider than the thorax. Face reddish, covered

with grey tomentum, on the sides of the cheeks it is yellower,

some white hairs are visible on these last ; beard yellowish

white. Palpi yellow, covered with black pubescence; only ~

slightly enlarged at the base, gradually tapering to a point.

Antenne bright red, long and slender ; the first joint oblong,

short, the second small with its upper corner prolonged,

both with black pubescence ; the third very long and slender,

the tooth small near the base, the extreme apex black; the

subcallus the sameas face. The forehead brown, rather broad,

short, about three times as long as broad and the same width

throughout; the frontal callus brown and shining, large,

nearly square, almost reaching the eyes, on the posterior

border irregular, prolonged in a line which enlarges, becoming

spindle-shaped, and nearly reaches the vertex, which is brown ;

the sides bordering the callus are covered with yellow tomen-

tum. yes with no markings. Thorax reddish brown with

grey tomentum, through which blackish stripes appear; the

sides and breast reddish, covered with grey tomentum and

yellow hairs; the pubescence on sides of thorax black; the

scutellum brownish. Abdomen dull reddish brown, with one

new Species of Tabani. 315

continuous distinct stripe of grey tomentum, the sides of

which are straight ; the pubescence on the dorsum black,

except on the stripe which has white hairs and at the sides

are yellow hairs; underside reddish, darker at the apex.

Legs brown; the tibie yellowish red, darker on apex in the

fore tibia ; the fore tarsi and the apical joints of the other

tarsi brown ; the apex of the femora yellowish; the pubescence

on the coxe whitish, elsewhere black and short. Wings

longer than the body, hyaline, tinged with yellowish brown ;

veins yellow; stigma yellowish brown ; all posterior cells

widely open.

Tabanus albostriatus, 2, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type and another female from the Transvaal (oss),

97. 99.

A black species with a white median stripe on the abdomen

and grey side-spots. Antennze blackish; the palpi very

slender, pale yellow. Legs yellow, with darker femora.

Eyes very slightly pubescent. Wings with an appendix,

tinged with brown.

Length 13 mm.

Head broader than thorax. [Face grey, with scanty white

pubescence; some black hairs below the antenne; beard

white. Palpi pale transparent yellow, curved, very slender,

ending in a long point, slightly stouter at base, with some

short black hairs. Antenne slender ; tooth very obtuse, only

an angle; the first joint yellowish, covered with grey

tomentum and black hairs, not very cap-shaped; the second

small, yellowish, with black pubescence ; the third black, red

at its extreme base only. Forehead short, about four times

as long as it is broad and same width throughout, grey, with

small brown triangular frontal callus, not reaching the eyes,

continued in anarrow thick line almost to the vertex, which

is covered with grey tomentum; the pubescence on the fore-

head black. Eyes with no band, the pubescence very slight

and easily overlooked, the back of the head with white

pubescence. ‘l'horax blackish brown, covered with fairly

dense short greyish pubescence, through which three grey

stripes appear; the sides grey, with longer black hairs; the

breast-bone covered with black hairs; a tuft of white hairs

below near root of wings. Scutellum same colour as thorax,

with the same pubescence. Abdomen blackish brown; the

median white stripe continuous, its average width less than

316 Miss G. Ricardo on

1 mm., with almost straight borders, it widens slightly on

the second segment at the base; on the sides of the second,

third, and fourth segments ill-defined but distinct grey spots

appear, not reaching the sides, but taking up the whole width

of the segment as a rule; the pubescence on the dorsum is

short, thick, black, with three stripes of whitish-grey pubes-

cence, covering the median stripe and the side-spots; these

can best be seen by viewing the abdomen from the front;

the lateral margins of the abdomen yellow, transparent, with

whitish-grey pubescence; the underside brownish, the

segmentations and the sides yellowish, the pubescence black,

with two side stripes of the whitish-grey pubescence. Coxe

black, covered with grey tomentum and black and white

pubescence; the fore femora blackish, the middle and poste-

rior ones dull reddish with grey tomentum and whitish

pubescence; the tibize yellow, the fore tibia reddish at the

apex, at the base yellow with white pubescence, therefore

with the appearance of fore tibize pale at base; the middle

tibies with white pubescence at tle base and black at the

apex; the posterior tibia with black pubescence; the fore

and middle tarsi brownish, the posterior ones yellow, all with

black pubescence. Wings hyaline, slightly tinged with

brown on the longitudinal veins, on the fore border and

round the apices of the basal cells, and on the anal vein; the

appendix distinct, the veins brown, the stigma small

and yellowish brown.

This species is distinguished from Tabanus albilinea, W1k.,

by its slightly pubescent eyes, blacker, more pubescent, and

narrower abdomen, smaller size, darker antenne, blackish

frontal callus and stripe (not reddish brown as in the Walker

species), darker femora, and more slender palpi.

Tabanus obscurestriatus, 9, sp. n.

Type (female) from Congo, Nov. 18, 1904; 1904. 267 in

the British Museum collection.

A small reddish species with a black median stripe and

clear wings with a short appendix.

Length 12 mm.

Head not large, but wider than the thorax. Face covered

with grey tomentum, the pubescence silvery white; palpi

reddish, with some white pubescence, stout at base, gradually

tapering to a point; beard white. Between the antenna

and across the face is an indistinct reddish-brown band ; the

antennee are reddish, slender, the tooth very slight, the first

and second joints with black pubescence. Forehead about

new Species of Tabani. 317

five times as long as broad and the same width throughout,

above the antenne shining reddish yellow, convex, with a

median furrow ; the frontal callus the same colour, nearly

square, reaching the eyes and continued as a broad stripe

nearly reaching the vertex; the forehead covered with

yellowish tomentum, darker on the vertex. Eyes with no

bands. Thorax brownish, with two fulvous lateral stripes

bordered by a black one, all indistinct; the dorsum with grey

tomentum and short fulvous pubescence, the sides with

yellowish tomentum and black hairs, the breast with white

pubescence; the scutellum the same colour as the thorax.

Abdomen reddish; the black stripe begins from the first

segment and is continuous to the apex, its borders not very

clearly defined ; the pubescence on the dorsum is black ; the

fourth, fifth, and sixth segments are yellowish and have

yellow hairs at the sides, the seventh is wholly black, all the

segments on the lateral margins are black; the underside

wholly reddish, with yellowish pubescence. Legs reddish

yellow ; the anterior femora brown, the tibize pale yellow, with

white pubescence ; on the anterior tibiz the apex is brown,

the fore tarsi brown, the pubescence on the femora black.

Wings clear, pale yellow on their extreme outer border, the

veins and stigma yellowish, the appendix short but stout.

Tabanus nigrostriatus, 2, sp. n.

Type (female) from Plateau of Zomba, Nyasaland (2.

Sharpe), 97. 46, and a series of females from the same place.

A species quite distinct from any other African described

species, with a long, narrow, bright chestnut-brown abdomen, |

which has a distinct black median stripe. Wings hyaline,

tinged with brown, usually with an appendix, but this seems

a variable character in this species.

Length 175 mm.

Head broader than thorax. Face reddish, covered with

greyish-white tomentum and some white hairs ; on the cheeks

the ground-colour is more apparent; beard whitish yellow.

Palpi yellow, with some black pubescence, long, only slightly

broader at base, ending in an obtuse point. Antenne red,

sometimes darker at the apex (in one specimen only the base

of the third joint is red); tooth fairly prominent; the first joint

oblong, the second small, both with black pubescence. Tore-

head brownish, about four times as long as broad and slightly

narrower anteriorly ; the subcallus reddish, with yellow-grey

tomentum round the base of the antenne; the frontal callus

dark brown, shining, convex, hardly reaching the eyes,

318 Miss G. Ricardo on

prolonged in a narrow line, which enlarges spindle-shaped,

almost reaching the vertex ; the tomentum bordering it is

yellowish. JXyes bare, with no markings. Thorax reddish

brown, with traces of black stripes, one broad and two lateral

stripes, the red ground-colour appearing between as narrow

lines, the dorsum with grey tomentum ; the sides and breast

reddish brown, with grey tomentum ; the scutellum blackish.

Abdomen light reddish brown, the segmentations very faintly

yellow ; the black stripe composed of oblong black spots on

each segment, beginning from the second, almost joining,

and giving the appearance of a continuous narrow black

stripe on which no grey tomentum or spots appear; on the

first segment there is an indistinct median black spot, on the

fifth and sixth segments the stripe is broader, and the seventh

segment is almost entirely black ; the lateral margins of the

fifth and sixth are yellow, transparent; the pubescence on the

dorsum is black and short, thickest on the sides, sometimes

there are traces of yellow pubescence on the segmentations;

on the seventh segment the black hairs are long; underside

same colour, with no black stripe visible, but the apex black.

Legs blackish brown, the tibiz the same colour as the abdo-

men, the fore tibia brown at the apex, the tarsi brown on

their apical joints; the pubescence on the coxe and femora

whitish and the femora with whitish tomentum, some few

yellow hairs on the fore tibiz ; otherwise the pubescence is

black, short, not very noticeable. Wings hyaline, tinged

with brown, darkest on the fore border; the appendix, when

present, is short, thick, and indistinct (on two of the specimens

it is entirely absent), the stigma brown, veins brown, all cells

widely open.

Tabanus kingsleyi, 2, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) from Port Lokkoh, Sierra Leone, April

1904 (Major F. Smith), 1904. 143; and four other females,

on one of which is attached the following note :—‘‘ Nume-

rous, no other species about; bit donor severely in the house,

several hundred yards from the water. Dry season, April.”

One female from near Baiwalla, Sierra Leone, June 1903

(Dr. H. J. Conyngham), 1903. 292.

A species belonging to the group of Tabanus teniola, Macq.,

with the typical light abdominal stripes bordered by darker

ones, but bearing some resemblance to Tabanus gabonensis,

Macq., and Zabanus secedens, W1k.; distinguished trom them,

new Species of Tabani. 319

however, by the side stripes composed of spots contiguous to

each other, and thus forming a distinct stripe, whereas in

Tabanus secedens the side spots are isolated and the whole

abdomen is of a reddish-brown shade, any gradations in

colour merging in each other, not forming well-marked dark

stripes as in the 7. tentola group. It is distinguished from

T’. teniola by the heavily striped thorax, similar to that of

IT. gabonensis &c., and by the wings tinged with brown,

shaded on most of the veins.

Length 13-16 mm.

Face covered with greyish tomentum, which becomes

yellowish brown above the antennaw, and with short white

pubescence ; beard whitish. Palpi pale yellow, with white

pubescence at base and short black pubescence elsewhere, not

very stout at base, ending in a broad point. Antenne

reddish ; the first joint rather smaller than is usual, with

black pubescence; the second small, with black pubescence ;

the third long, with small tooth near the base, becoming

brownish red after the base ; and the last four divisions wholly

blackish. Forehead covered with yellowish-brown tomentum,

nearly six times as long as it is broad, narrowing slightly

anteriorly ; the frontal callus dark brown, oblong, furrowed

in the middle, almost or entirely reaching the eyes, with a

long thick line proceeding from it. Thorax blackish, the

two broad stripes composed of grey tomentum, covered with

yellow pubescence ; sides greyish, with some yellow pubes-

cence, which is continued round base of thorax, elsewhere it

is black ; breast and sides covered with grey tomentum and

some white pubescence. Scutellum blackish, covered with

greyish tomentum except in the centre. Abdomen reddish

brown, blackish on the last three segments, with a distinct

grey, tomentose, median, continuous stripe, continued to the

sixth segment, bordered by dark brown or blackish stripes,

to which are contiguous the yellowish side spots, forming

a fairly distinct stripe as far as the fourth segment; the

pubescence on median stripe and on the side spots is chiefly

yellowish, elsewhere black ; underside yellowish, with broad

black median stripe, covered with white pubescence. Legs

blackish ; tibize yellowish, black at apex; middle and poste-

rior femora often largely yellowish red, femora with grey

tomentum and white pubescence; the tibize with whitish

pubescence, elsewhere it is black. Wings hyaline, tinged

with brown, most intense on the fore border ; stigma reddish

brown, veins brown.

320 Miss G. Ricardo on

Tabanus quadrisignatus, 2, sp. Nn.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :-—

Type (female) and another female from Ruwe, Lualaba

River, Congo Free State, circa 11° S., 26° E., Feb. 1906

(Dr. A. Yale Massey), 1906. 98.

A well-marked species nearly related to Tabanus fraternus,

Macgq., better known as Tabanus trisignatus, Loew (which is

a synonym of the Macquart species), but easily distinguished

from it by the four distinct triangular median spots, the older

species having only three, and by the heavily striped thorax

and bright red-yellow antennz. In the thoracic stripes it

resembles Tabanus kingsley, from which it is distinguished

by the markings of the abdomen.

It is a medium-sized species with black thorax, marked

with two distinct broad greyish stripes, a reddish-brown

abdomen with yellowish-grey side spots besides the median

ones, blackish legs with red-yellow tibiz, and clear wings

very slightly tinged brown.

Length 134-15 mm. |

Head wider than thorax. Face reddish (denuded), in the

other specimen it is covered with greyish-yellow tomentum

and with white pubescence; beard white. Palpi very pale

yellow, with white pubescence, slightly broader at base,

ending ina moderate point. Antenne bright red-yellow; the

first joint cylindrical, hardly at all cap-shaped, with greyish

tomentum and black pubescence and a few white hairs; the ©

second very small, with black pubescence; the third long,

darker at its apex, with a moderate tooth. Forehead reddish

(denuded), with yellowish-grey tomentum, nearly five times

as long as it is broad, narrowing anteriorly; the frontal

callus red-brown, oblong, not reaching the eyes, the line

proceeding from it is short and thick, some black hairs on

the vertex. Thorax blackish brown, the two broad stripes

continued to base, composed of grey tomentum, with

yellowish pubescence; sides with grey tomentum, the

pubescence on dorsum black, with whitish hairs round the

base of wings and continued from the base of the stripes

round thorax to the sides. Breast and sides reddish, covered

with grey tomentum and with white pubescence ; black hairs

above. Scutellum reddish yellow at base, black in the centre,

with black pubescence and yellowish hairs elsewhere. Abdo-

men reddish brown; some grey tomentum on the first

segment, on the four following segments a grey, tomentose,

median, triangular spot, all with broad bases, the first one

new Species of Tabani. 321

longest, all with whitish pubescence; the side spots in the

type are large on the second segment, smaller on the third

and fourth segments, all yellowish in colour, with grey

tomentum and some white hairs, irregular in shape; the fifth

segment is black at the sides and the sixth wholly black,

both, however, with yellow transparent side margins ; in the

other female there are traces of side spots on the fifth segment ;

pubescence on dorsum black, yellowish on the lighter spots,

sides with white pubescence, black at the extreme apex ;

underside pale reddish yellow, blackish at the apex, with

chiefly white pubescence. Halteres brown, with whitish

knob. Legs blackish brown, with red-yellow tibia; they

are similar to those of Tubanus contformis, Ricardo. Wings

clear, very slightly tinged round veins with pale yellowish

brown ; the first posterior cell slightly narrowed at opening ;

veins brown, stigma yellowish.

Tabanus coniformis, 2, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) and another from Ruwe, Lualaba River,

Congo Free State, circa 11°8., 26° E., Feb. 1906 (Dr. A.

Yale Massey), 1906. 98; two females from Benguella,

Angola, 1905 (Dr, F. C. Wellman), 1906.139. “ Entangled

in an old spider’s web near my bungalow.”

A species not belonging to any very distinct group, but

nearest to that one represented by Yabanus teniola, Macq.

It is a slender reddish-brown species, with the abdomen very

pointed at the apex, with indistinct median and side spots

and a black apex; the legs are blackish, with red-yellow

tibie ; the wings quite clear, with no appendix. Antenne

red-yellow. ;

Length 14 mm.

Head wider than thorax. Face covered with greyish

tomentum, which becomes yellowish brown on the subcallus

and extreme borders of cheeks, pubescence white; beard

white. Palpi yellowish red, with thick short white pubes-

cence, moderately stout, with short apex. Antenne reddish ;

the first joint cap-shaped, with white pubescence and black

hairs on the upper angle ; second small, with whitish pubes-

cence ; the third long, with moderate tooth; the last four

divisions nearly as long as the first division; the extreme apex

black. Forehead red, covered with same coloured tomentum

as the subcallus; the frontal callus reddish brown, hardly

reaching the eyes, oval, with a thick line proceeding from it

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. 1. pas

322 Miss G. Ricardo on

which is furrowed in the middle and nearly reaches the vertex ;

the forehead is about four times as long as it is broad, only

slightly narrower anteriorly. Eyes with no markings.

Thorax reddish brown, with darker indistinct stripes and with

indistinct grey stripes; the dorsum with greyish tomentum

and some black pubescence, traces of whitish pubescence round

the roots of wings and base of thorax; sides and breast covered

with greyish tomentum and white hairs. Scutellum reddish,

black at base, with grey tomentum and a few white and black

hairs. Abdomen reddish brown, with triangular, narrow, grey,

median, tomentose spots, only distinct when viewed from

behind and only on the second, third, and fourth segments ;

the sides with irregular, reddish-yellow, oblong spots covered |

with greyish tomentum on the first four segments; the last

three segments are wholly black, the fifth and sixth with

lighter segmentations ; the pubescence on the dorsum black ;

on the posterior borders of the fifth and sixth segments with

white and black hairs, the sides with white pubescence, black

at the apex ; underside reddish yellow, black at apex, the

segmentations very narrowly white ; pubescence white, black

at apex. Legs blackish brown, the fore tibiz red-yellow on

basal half, the other tibize wholly red-yellow ; the middle and

posterior tarsi the same colour, but blacker at apex; the

pubescence on coxee and femora is white, with some grey

tomentum ; on the fore tibie white on basal half, elsewhere

black, with some white pubescence on the middle and poste-

rior tibiz. Halteres with dark stem and a yellowish knob.

Tabanus brunnescens, 2, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) and another female from the Gold Coast,

Sept. 1905 (Dr. McConell) ; two females from Obuasi,

S. Ashanti, 6. 11. 06 (Dr. W. M. Graham), 1906. 150.

“ Caught in house on window.”

A smaller darker species than 7. gabonensis and T’. secedens,

with a short abdomen, distinguished from them by the thoracic

stripes, which are broad and two in number, wholly covered

with yellow pubescence, the same width throughout, not

showing the suture of thorax as is usual in the above species,

and continued to the scutelium, leaving only the middle of it

black, with black pubescence. ‘The abdomen is darker in

colour, not marked with darker segmentations, but more

uniformly dark brown; the median stripe continuous, yellowish

red, covered with yellow and black pubescence, and the side

new Species of Tabani. 323

spots indistinct yellowish. The legs are rather darker than

those of 7’. gabonensis.

Length 16 mm,

One of the specimens from Ashanti has the pubescence

on the thoracic stripes and median abdominal stripe more

grey than yellow.

Head large, wider than the thorax. Face covered with

whitish tomentum, which is yellowish brown above the

antenue, the pubescence white, short, scanty ; beard white.

Palpi yellowish, the same shape as those of Tubanus claripes,

sp. n., with black pubescence. The antenne are also similar

in shape, red, with black pubescence ; the third joint is

wanting. Forehead yellowish brown; callus dark brown,

long, almost reaching the eyes, with a thick line proceeding

from it; forehead on posterior half and at sides dark brown,

with black pubescence, the yellowish-brown colour only

appearing around the line proceeding from callus and at the

sides; the hind margin of head narrow, yellowish. Thorax

dark brown, with two broad median and two narrower side

stripes composed of greyish-yellow tomentum with yellow

pubescence, the pubescence on the dark part of the thorax

black. Scutellum brown, the yellow thoracic stripes reaching

its apex and continued round it. Abdomen rather short,

stout, dark reddish brown, the median continuous stripe

fulvous, reaching from the second to the fifth segment ; on

the sides of the second and third segments appear reddish-

yellow indistinct spots ; the pubescence of dorsum is yellowish

on the stripe, otherwise black, short, and thick ; underside

pale yellowish, with a dark brown broad median stripe; the

pubescence short, white on the pale colour and black on the

dark stripe. Legs blackish ; fore tibie at base pale yellowish

red ; the middle and posterior tibiz dull red on the basal

half; the pubescence on the coxze white, on the femora black,

on the fore tibiz whitish on the pale colour, black at the

apex, on the other tibiz it is black with some fulvous hairs ;

tarsi with black pubescence. Wings tinged pale brownish,

lighter in centre of cells ; no appendix.

Tabanus claripes, 2, 8p. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

The type (female) from Leopoldville, Congo, Jan. 18, 1904.

(coll. Drs. Dutton, Todd, and Christy), presented by the

Liverpool School of ‘l'ropical Medicine, 1904, 267, is in the

British Museum collection,

21*

324 Miss G. Ricardo on

A large reddish-brown species with striped thorax and

brownish wings, easily distinguished by its bright reddish-

yellow coxe from Tabanus secedens, Wlk., and Tabanus

gabonensis, Macq., and by its larger size and redder legs, the

fore femora being red, not blackish, and by the markings of

the abdomen, which consist of distinct, grey, median, triangular

spots, not continuous, and of indistinct reddish-yellow side

spots.

Length 24 mm.

Head large, wider than thorax. Face covered with greyish

tomentum, yellowish at sides of cheeks and above antenne on

subcallus, pubescence whitish, short, longer on lower part of

face; beard whitish. Antenne dark reddish brown, blackish

at apex; the first joint large, cap-shaped, with black pubes-

cence, thickest on the upper angle; the second small, with

black pubescence ; the third large, with small, rather acute

tooth, with brownish tomentum on the first division. Fore-

head long, narrow, about seven times as long as broad,

narrowed anteriorly, yellow like the subcallus ; frontal callus

bright reddish brown, long, almost reaching the eyes, furrowed

in the middle and continued asa thick line beyond the middle

of the forehead ; the pubescence of the forehead consists of a

few black short hairs and of yellowish hairs beyond. Palpi

long, curved, not very stout at base, ending in a long point,

yellow, covered with short black pubescence. ‘Thorax

brown, with two broad median stripes and two narrower side

stripes composed of pale yellowish tomentum ; pubescence on

dorsum short, black, on the stripes yellowish, with tufts of

longer white hairs at base of wings; sides and breast covered

with greyish tomentum and white hairs. Scutellum brown,

with yellowish tomentum, redder at apex ; the pubescence

black, short. Abdomen long, stout, brown, with reddish

colour appearing on the first and second segments and at

sides ; on the first segment there is a trace of a grey spot, on

the second segment it is almost oblong, barely wider at the

base; on the third segment it is a long triangular spot

reaching the fore border; on the fourth segment it is a

breader triangular spot not reaching the fore border; on the

sixth segment it is a very short triangular spot; all these

spots are greyish yellow, covered with greyish-yellow hairs ;

the reddish colour of abdomen appears as indistinct irregular-

shaped markings on the sides ; the pubescence of the dorsum

is short, black, rather thick, on the sides it is white; the

side-borders of the last segments are yellow, transparent ; the

underside pale reddish, with a darker median broad stripe

covered with short white pubescence, Legs bright red; the

new Species of ‘Vabani. 325

coxe at their extreme apex and the middle cox wholly

black; the knees, apex of fore tibiw, and the fore tarsi

blackish ; the fore tibize are pale yellowish on their upper

surface ; the pubescence on the fore coxe is long, white, on

the other coxe scanty and short; on the femora it is white,

longest and thickest on the fore pair, with some black pubes-

cence; on the fore tibiae it is white on the pale colour, black

at the apex, and black on the other tibize ;, the tarsi with thick

black pubescence. Wings pale brownish, yellowish brown

on the fore border, with some clear spaces in the middle of

the cells; veins and stigma brown; the first posterior cell a

little narrowed at its opening; no appendix,

Labanus disjunctus, 9, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) and another from Lutete, Congo, Nov. 19,

1903, presented by the Liverpool School of Tropical

Medicine, 1904. 267.

A species with three series of grey spots on the abdomen

similar to those of Tabanus distinctus, Ricardo, to which it is

closely related, but the median spots in this species are not

connected and the legs are more wholly reddish, the fore

femora not being brownish; it is also larger in size and

browner in colour. It is distinguished from Tabanus per-

vasus, Wlk. (probably the same as the South-African form of

Tabanus bovinus), by the clear wings and the more distinct

triangular side spots with their bases resting on the posterior

borders of the segments. It is distinguished from Tabanus

sticticalis, Surcouf, from Font el Julon, N. of Sierra Leone,

by its larger size and more distinctly defined side spots.

Length 20 mm.

It differs from Yubanus distinctus in the following parti-

culars :—F ace covered with yellowish-brown tomentum and

with short thick white hairs. Palpi light yellow, larger and

rather stouter. Antenne rather darker; the third joint

blackish only, red at the base. Forehead covered with

yellowish tomentum ; vertex not reddish, but with the same

tomentum; the few hairs on the forehead seem chiefly

yellowish ; it is about six times as long as it is broad,

narrowing slightly anteriorly. ‘Thorax brownish, with five

indistinct grey stripes, and the scutellum the same colour.

Abdomen brown ; the median spot on the second segment

with long apex, which, however, does not reach the posterior

border of the first segment; the second spot on the third

326 Miss G. Ricardo on

segment triangular, with a very short apex barely reaching

half the width of the segment; the third spot with a slightly

longer apex; the fourth spot on the fifth segment sub-

triangular, nearly reaching the posterior border of the next

segment; on the sixth and seventh segments there are no

spots ; the side spots are four in number on each side, almost

similar in shape to those of Yabanus distinctus, but not so

well detined, more irregular in shape; underside reddish, with

white-haired segmentations. Legs reddish, the extreme apex

of the fore coxee and extreme apex of fore femora, the apices of

the fore tibia, and the tarsi blackish; the coxee with long

white pubescence ; the fore femora with short black pubes-

cence above and long white below ; on the outer border of the

other femora it is also white but not so long ; the fore tibie

with thick white pubescence on their basal half, giving them

a whitish appearance; the other tibia with chiefly white

pubescence, on the tarsi it is black. Wings clear, yellowish

on tore border; stigma yellowish; veins brown; the first

posterior cell slightly narrowed at opening.

Tabanus distinctus, 9 , sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) from Benguella, Angola (A. 7. Massey,

per Col. Giles), and another female from Lake Tanganyika

(W. A. Cunnington), 1906. 76.

A medium-sized species with hght reddish-brown abdomen

very distinctly marked with three series of grey triangular

spots and thorax with fairly distinct grey stripes. It is

distinguished from Tabanus congoiensis, sp. n., by the quite

clear wings and shape of side spots of abdomen, which are

isosceles triangles with their bases resting on the posterior

borders of segments.

Length 153 mm.

Head wider than the thorax. Face reddish yellow, covered

with greyish-white tomentum and with short thick white

pubescence on the cheeks and lower part of face; beard

white, long. Palpi pale yellow, with yellowish-white

pubescence and traces of a few black hairs, stout at base,

slightly curved, ending in a long point. Antenne red; the

first joint very slightly cap-shaped, with black hairs on the

upper angle and some white hairs on its outer border; the

second very small, with black pubescence; the third dull

red, with obtuse tooth, black at the extreme apex. Forehead

covered with grey tomentum; the frontal callus reddish

new Species of Tabani. 327

brown, shining, barely reaching the eyes, long, with a short

stout line proceeding from it ; the vertex (? denuded) reddish

brown, a few black hairs on the sides; the forehead narrows

anteriorly a little and is about five times as long as it is

broad; back of head whitish, with white hairs. Thorax

reddish, with five grey indistinct and four black stripes; the

grey stripes are composed of grey tomentum, the median one

ig narrow, with a broader one on each side and side-stripes ;

the two middle black stripes only reach the suture; these

black stripes only appear as stripes contrasted with the

reddish ground-colour of the thorax, which is not apparent

in the specimen from Lake Tanganyika, the thorax being

blackish, with the five grey stripes apparent, which may

probably prove a more correct description of this species when

a long series is available for comparison; pubescence on

dorsum black, on the grey stripes whitish yellow, sides with

black hairs, and with white hairs near the root of wings ;

breast and sides reddish, with grey tomentum and white

hairs. Scutellum reddish, with black pubescence and

yellowish hairs round the margin. Abdomen reddish, darker

at apex, with three distinct, grey, tomentose triangular spots

on the second, third, fourth, and fifth segments ; there are

traces of them on the sixth; the seventh is wholly black ;

the median spots are roughly equilateral triangles with broad

bases resting on the posterior border of each segment and

each apex reaching the base of the succeeding spot, all almost

equal in size, except the one on the sixth segment, which is

smaller; the side spots are isosceles right-angled triangles

with the side nearest the median spots and the base, which

rests on the posterior border of segment, straight, both

together forming a right angle; the pubescence of dorsum

black, on the grey spots yellowish or white; sides of abdo-

men with white hairs, at the apex some black hairs; underside

pale yellowish red, with grey tomentum and_ pubescence.

Legs yellowish red, the apices of fore coxe and the fore

femora reddish brown, the fore tarsi and the apices of fore

tibiee blackish, the other tarsi brownish ; the coxe with long

white pubescence, the fore and middle femora with black

pubescence above and some white below ; the posterior femora

with wholly white pubescence, the fore tibiae with whitish

hairs on the yellowish base, the other tibiae with chiefly

whitish pubescence, elsewhere it is black. Wings clear;

veins brown; stigma yellowish brown, the first posterior cell

distinctly narrower at opening ; no appendix.

The specimen from Lake Tanganyika is browner in colour.

328 Miss G. Ricardo on

Tabanus congotensis, 2, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :— :

Type (female) and two other females from Wathen, Congo

Free State (Rev. W. H. Bentley), 1904. 207, and one female

from Tumbo, Congo, Nov. 5, 1903 (presented by the Liverpool

School of Tropical Medicine).

A dark brown species with well-marked grey triangular

median spots and side spots; greyish stripes on the brown

thorax, reddish legs, and wings greyish, tinged yellowish

brown round the veins and on the fore border.

Length 16 mm.

The specimen from Tumbo measures 183 mm. _ It is

distinguished from Zabanus temperatus, Wlk. (which is

probably the same as the South African variety of Tabanus

bovinus), by its smaller size and narrower abdomen, the

median triangular spot on the second segment is narrower

at its base and more oblong in shape, the colour of the

abdomen is more largely a uniform dark brown with the side

spots small, but fairly distinct.

Head wider than thorax. Face reddish, densely covered

with greyish tomentum, the ground-colour perceptible on the

upper part of face and on the subcallus, where the tomentum

is also more yellow in colour; the pubescence white, con-

sisting of rather longer white hairs in middle of face below

the antennz and of shorter ones on the cheeks ; beard white,

scanty. Palpi yellow with thick black pubescence, long,

wide at the base, tapering to an obtuse point. Antenne dull

reddish, black at apex; the first joint large with black

pubescence; the second small, with black hairs on the upper

prolongation and outer border ; the third long, wide at the

base, with an obtuse tooth. Forehead about six times as long

as it is broad, narrower anteriorly, red with brown and yellow

tomentum ; the frontal callus reddish brown, oblong, convex,

almost reaching the eyes, continued in a thick line halfway

along the forehead. Hyes with no markings. Thorax

brownish with two stripes of grey tomentum continued to the

base of the thorax, grey at sides and on the anterior border,

the pubescence of black rather long hairs, with traces of

some yellow pubescence; the sides of thorax more red, with

black pubescence ; breast red, with grey tomentum and black

pubescence and some white hairs ; the scutellum reddish, with

black and yellowish pubescence and traces of grey tomentum.

Abdomen brownish, appearing reddish brown on the second

segment; the first segment covered with grey tomentum on

new Species of ‘Tabani. 329

the anterior border, on the posterior border a small, median,

yellowish spot with yellow hair divided in half by a line or

furrow ; on the second segment the grey triangular spot is

long, reaching the anterior border, narrow at its base; on the

three following segments the spots are wider and shorter, not

reaching the anterior border; on the sides of the second,

third, and fourth segments an isolated, roundish, grey spot is

visible ; in one of the other females from Wathen the spots

are more distinct and oblong, and a small one is perceptible

on the fifth segment, the segmentations from the third segment

are narrowly whitish; the dorsum rather thickly covered

with short black hairs, a few yellow hairs are visible on the

bases of the grey triangles; underside reddish, transparent,

with white segmentations and pubescence; tle margins of

abdomen on the fourth, fifth, and sixth segments are yellow,

transparent, with some white pubescence. In one of the

specimens the side spots are rather indistinct, the triangle on

the second segment does not reach the fore border, and the

abdomen is darker, showing no light segmentations. Legs

reddish, the fore coxe blackish with long white hairs; the

pubescence on the femora black, on the fore tibie white, on

the middle and posterior tibize black; the apex of the fore

tibiee and all tarsi blackish; some grey tomentum on the

femora. Wings greyish, tinged with yellowish brown on all

the veins and on fore border; stigma the same colour ;

veins brown. Ina third specimen from the same place the

side spots are rather indistinct, the triangle on the second

segment does not reach fore border, and the abdomen is larger,

showing no light segmentations.

Tabanus silvanus, 2, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) and another from Amboihimitombo Forest,

Madagascar (Forsyth Major Coll.), 98. 46.

A dark brown species with almost clear wings ; the abdo-

men obscurely brown, with distinct, grey, median, triangular

spots and narrow grey segmentations ; the antenne blackish.

Legs dull reddish.

Length 15 mm.

This species is probably related to Tabanus atrimanus,

Loew, but distinguished from it by the absence of the large,

tomentose, white side spots on the second segment, and by

the legs being redder.

Head broader than thorax. Face greyish white with white

330 Miss G. Ricardo on

hairs; beard white. Palpi yellow ; ; fairly stout at base,

tapering to a point; some black hairs visible. Forehead the

same colour as the face; the subcallus with wrinkles and a

fine median black line. Frontal callus reddish brown, oblong,

not reaching the eyes, prolonged as a fine line; on the vertex

a short reddish stripe, grey in thecentre, is apparent;

tomentum on posterior half of the forehead yellowish.

Antenne blackish ; the first and second joints and base of

the third dark reddish brown. ‘Thorax brown, shining, with

four grey stripes and a median lineal yellowish stripe ; the

sides greyish with grey hairs, with black hairs above,

reaching to the wings. Scutellum brown with some grey

tomentum. Abdomen dark reddish brown, short, with grey

tomentum; on the first segment is an imperfect triangular

grey spot in the centre; on the second a median triangular

grey spot hardly reaching beyond half the width of the

segment; on the third segment a similar spot with shorter

apex; the three following segments with similar spots which

become smaller and more oblong in shape; all the segmen-

tations after the third segment are whitish, becoming broader

at the sides; the brown colour becomes darker round the

grey triangular spots; the dorsum is devoid of pubescence ;

the sides are bordered with fine short white hairs ; the under-

side brownish, with white segmentations and short white

pubescence. Legs reddish brown; the fore legs darker with

the exception of the base of the tibiz, the pubescence greyish,

short. Wings hyaline; the veins and stigma dark brown,

the cross-veins at the apices of the basal cells have a slight

shading which is hardly perceptible in the upper cross-veins ;

no posterior cells narrowed at their apices.

Tabanus diversus, 2, sp. n.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) and another from Ruwe, Lualaba River,

Congo Free State, circa 11°8., 26° E., Feb. 1906 (Dr. A.

Yale Massey), 1906. 98.

This small black species, with the abdomen marked with

very distinct grey spots and thorax with grey stripes and

spots, clear wings, short antenne, and brown legs with

yellowish tibie, is very nearly allied to Tabanus insignis,

Loew, from E. Africa, but easily distinguished by its black,

not brown colour, by the absence of the four white spots on

the second segment of abdomen, by the different, more

oblong shape of the large spots on the third and fourth sec-

new Species of Tabani. 331

ments, by the shorter antenne, the frontal callus with a very

short, thick line proceeding from it, and the thorax with two

greyish-haired spots at the base and no white tomentose

margin as in 7’. insegnis.

Length 114 mm.

Head wider than thorax. Face covered with grey tomen-

tum and with white pubescence; beard white. Palpi yellow,

with fairly long, white pubescence, moderately stout at

base, ending ina long acute point. Antenne short, reddish ;

the first joint yellowish, with black pubescence on the upper

angle and whitish elsewhere, cylindrical, hardly at all cap-

shaped; the second small, red, with black pubescence ; the

third red, at apex black, with broad, short, first division, and

tooth marked by an angle; the last four joints very small.

Forehead fairly broad, very slightly narrower anteriorly,

about four times as long as it is broad, brown, covered with

grey tomentum and with some grey and black hairs; the

frontal callus reddish brown, nearly square, almost reaching

the eyes, the line proceeding from it is very short and thick ;

in the second specimen it is broader still, nearly as broad as

the callus itself, on each side of this line the brown ground-

colour appears as an ill-defined long spot; the vertex is

brownish. Back of head whitish with white hairs. Thorax

black, shining, with two median, grey, tomentose stripes, not

reaching beyond the middle of thorax, at base of thorax two

grey hairy spots ; sides grey with white pubescence ; on the

stripes the pubescence 1s whitish, elsewhere black ; at the

base of thorax near the root of the wings there is thick white

pubescence. Sides and breast with grey tomentum and

white pubescence. Scutellum dull reddish, with grey tomen-

tum and white pubescence. Abdomen black; on first

segment trace of a small, grey, median spot and at sides

broadly white, tomentose ; second segment with white

tomentose spot on each side, its upper angle pointing inwards

and reaching three quarters of the width of the segment, and

continued up the whole outer side of segment; the side spots

on the four following segments are very similar, decreasing

in size, the upper angles especially so; on the third segment

the large white median spot is almost square, extending the

whole width of segment ; on the fourth it is rather smaller ;

all these spots are covered with grey tomentum and white

pubescence, the pubescence on the dorsum is otherwise black,

on the sides white ; underside dull reddish yellow, blackish

at sides and towards the apex, covered with short white

pubescence. Legs blackish brown ; the tibize yellowish, the

fore tibie black on apical half; the femora with greyish

332 On new Spectes of Tabani.

tomentum and white pubescence; the tibiee with yellowish-

white pubescence, black on dark apex of fore tibie and else-

where. Wings clear, veins brown, stigma yellowish brown ;

the first posterior cell not narrowed ; no appendix.

Tabanus fuscipes, @ 2, Sp. Nn.

The following specimens are in the British Museum

collection :—

Type (female) from British Central Africa, 1906 (Z. ZL.

Rhoades) ; one female from Gadzima, Mashonaland, Dee.

1895 (G. A. K. Marshall), 1903. 17; one female from

Salisbury, Mashonaland, Dec. 1899 (G. A. K. Marshall) ;

one male from KHstcourt, Natal, Jan. 1897 (G. A. K.

Marshall), 1903. 17.

This species is very nearly related to Tabinus diteniatus,

Macq., and may be easily confused with it at first sight, but

is a distinct species, recognized by the black coxe and

almost wholly blackish femora and by the absence of any

grey tomentum in the centre of the median black stripe of

abdomen.

Length 12-14 mm.

The antenne are slightly darker at the apex. The eyes,

face, palpi, and forehead similar to those of 7. diteniatus,

with the two typical black spots on the forehead.. There is

no trace of grey triangles on the black stripe of abdomen in

the females. The yellow legs are darker, the femora all

being black for two thirds of their length, the apical third

alone being yellow. The clear wings have a short appendix.

The male has yellowish eyes, brown below, the facettes all

equal, except those on the lower third of eye which are

smaller, no stripe apparent. Palpi club-shaped, yellow,

transparent. ‘I'he abdomen has the apex more widely black

than in the females and a grey tomentose stripe is visible

on the median black stripe ; the legs are similar to those of

the females, but the femora are almost wholly black, only

their extreme apex being yellow.

Tabanus ruwenzori, 2, sp. n.

One female (type) from EE. Ruwenzori, 5000-7000 feet,

22.1. 1906 (coll. by Hon. G. Legge and A. F. R. Woollaston),

1906. 153; another female from HK. Ruwenzori, 600-

1300 feet, 7. 11. 1906 (by same collectors).

A robust pubescent species with hairy eyes, black abdo-

men with the second segment reddish at the side, thorax

shining black. Antenne, face, and palpi black. Legs

On a new Elapine Snake from Australia. 333

black, tibia yellow. Wings clear, very slightly tinged

yellowish brown.

Length 16 mm.

Face black, with dull brown tomentum and yellowish-brown

pubescence, some black hairs on the upper part of cheeks and

under antenne ; beard yellowish brown. FPalpi dull brownish

black with black pubescence, stout, ending in a short point.

Antenne black, with long and slender third joint and hardly

any tooth; the first two joints with long black pubescence ;

the subcallus the same colour as the face. Forehead about

three times as long as broad, the same width throughout,

dull blackish brown with yellowish-brown tomentum and

long black pubescence; the frontal callus small, reddish

brown, oval, the line proceeding from it indistinct ; the vertex

black, with tubercle. Eyes covered with short yellowish-

brown pubescence. Thorax black, shining, with no stripes ;

the dorsum nearly bare; shoulder-spots reddish with some

yellowish-grey hairs, which are continued round the base of

the thorax ; sides with black pubescence ; breast black, with

greyish-yellow pubescence and some black hairs. Scutellum

shining, black. Ablomen black, somewhat shining; the first

segment narrowly red at the sides; the second segment

broadly red at the sides with narrow reddish segmentations ;

the following segments with extremely narrow, grey-haired

segmentations. Legs black; tib.e yellowish with apices

black; the femora with greyish pubescence; the tibie with

dense whitish pubescence, on their black apices and on the

tarsi it is black. Wings hyaline, the yellowish-brown

colouring is chicfly round the longitudinal veins of the fore

border and is very faint; veins and stigma brown.

L.— Description of a new Elapine Snake from Australia.

By G. A. BouLenaer, F.R.S.

Two years ago I described in these ‘ Annals’ * anew Hlapine

snake discovered by Mr. W. Stalker near Alexandria, in

the Northern Territory of the colony of South Australia,

and which formed part of a small collection presented to

the British Museum by Sir W. Ingram, Bart., and the Hon.

John Forrest. That snake was named Dentsonia forrest?,

Mr. Stalker has continued collecting in the same district, and

* Ser. 7, vol. xviii. 1906, p. 440.

334 Mr. A. G. Hammar on a

I have now the pleasure of describing another snake of the

same group, but of much larger size, and to connect with it

the name of Sir W. Ingram.

Diemenia ingrami.

Eye rather small, its diameter equal to its distance from

the oral border and one third the length of the snout. Snout

rounded, strongly projecting beyond the lower jaw, with

feeble canthus. ostral broader than deep, the portion

visible from above measuring about one half its distance

from the frontal; internasals a little shorter than the pre-

frontals; frontal bell-shaped, as broad as the supraocular,

once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance

from the end of the snout, three fourths the length of the

parietals ; nasal divided, separated from the single, deeply

grooved preocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 142; six

upper labials, second in contact with the preefrontal, third and

fourth entering the eye, fifth narrowly separated from the

parietal, sixth very large; four lower labials in contact with

the anterior chin-shields, which are larger than the posterior.

Scales in 17 rows on the body, in 21 on the neck. Ventrals

205; anal divided; subcaudals 65 pairs. Uniform dark

brown above and on the outer ends of the ventral shields,

some of the scales lighter in the centre, yellow beneath.

Total length 1510 mm.; tail 240.

A single specimen from Alexandria.

LI. — Note on the Type Specimen of a Blind Snake,

Helminthophis wilderi (Garman), from Brazil. By A.

G. HAMMAR.

In the course of studies of South-American snakes in the

Museum of Cornell University, I had the opportunity to

examine the type specimens of Typhlops wilderi, Garm.

Since this species is not recognized in the literature, and has

been referred to in Boulenger’s ‘ Catalogue of Snakes,’ i. p. 7,

in a footnote, as insufficiently characterized, I have made

a careful study of the specimens and give below a new

description, which will bring it into its proper systematic

position.

Due to the presence of two very large prefrontals, Typhlops

wilder’, Garm., must be included under the genus Helmzn-

thophis, Peters, Boulenger, Cat. of Snakes, i. p. 4.

Blind Snake from Brazil. 335

Helminthophis wilderi (Garman).

Typhlops wilderi, Garman, Science Observer, iv. 1883, p. 48.

Rostral large, extending to the level of the eyes, one

third the width of the head; frontal twice as large as, or

Helminthophis wildert (Garm.).

a, lateral view of the head; 5, ventral view of the head ;

c, dorsal view of the head.

Jarger than, scales on the back; one preocular; eyes under

the sutures between the supra-ocular, preocular, and ocular ;

prefrontal very large, triangular, generally reaching the 1st

nasal ; labials 3, the 2nd and 3rd in contact with the ocular,

the anterior largest, forming an acute angle between the

nasal and the rostral; sublabials 3 (? 4) ; diameter of body

35 times in the total length; tail almost as wide as long,

with 11 ventral scales ; 20-22 scales round the body; anal

plate slightly larger than ventrals.

Total length 170-185 mm.

Coloration according to Garman: “ Back a rich lustrous

brown; belly and head lighter, ‘he head is the lightest-

coloured portion of the body. The tail is darker beneath

than the remainder of the ventral surface.”

From H. guentheri, Boul., it can be distinguished by the

presence of 3 labials instead of 4, and 3 sublabials instead

of 5; by the small scale following the very large frontal.

From H. canellez, Mocquard, it differs by the presence of one

preocular instead of two.

The two specimens in the Museum of Cornell University

have been determined by Garman, and are the types of the

species. Three specimens were collected in 1878-9 by

Prof. J. C. Branner in Cyriaco, near Serra Providencia,

Minas Geraes, Brazil.

336 On Loligo media (Z.).

LIT.—A Note on Loligo media (Z.). By Anne L. Massy,

Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for

Treland, Fisheries Branch, Dublin.

I HAVE carefully examined the tentacular suckers in examples

of this species, of both sexes, from the east and west coasts of

Treland, and find them in all cases to be plentifully armed

with teeth. In this respect they differ from the diagnosis

given by Hoyle *, who agrees with Jatta in saying that the

horny ring of the tentacular suckers is perfectly smooth fT.

Dr. Allen and Mr. Todd, of the Marine Biological Associa-

tion, have kindly sent me specimens from Plymouth and

from off the coast of Lincolnshire. These also have toothed

tentacular suckers. Through the courtesy of the Director of

the Zoological Station at Naples I have been enabled to

examine one of the specimens used by the late Dr. Jatta in

his description of the species. It agrees, in the presence of

teeth on the tentacular suckers, with the English and Irish

examples mentioned above.

The specimens from off Trusthorpe, Lincolnshire, are the

largest, and therefore offer the greatest facility for minute

examination of the suckers. Each sucker appears to have

about twenty-four large pointed teeth, with here and there a

minute conical tooth between two large ones. The points of

the large teeth are in many cases broken off.

Several authors have suspected that L. marmore { was the

female of L. media. Having read Joubin’s paper in support

of this view, I separated all the individuals in our collection

having fins more or less in the position typical of L. mar-

more, and found them to be female, with two exceptions.

The latter were very young males, and obviously their youth

accounted for the position of their fins. All those with

lengthened extremity proved to be without exception male.

* “ Notes from the Manchester Museum.—No. 9. British Cephalopoda;

their Nomenclature and Identification.” P. 203: ‘ Suckers of tentacular

arms with a smooth ring—Loligo media.”

+ ‘I Cephalopodi viventi nel Golfo di Napoli.” P. 186: “ L’annello

corneo delle ventose tentacolari é in tutto il suo ambito egualmente

sviluppato liscio perfettamente sopra il margine libero.”

{ Bull. Soe. scient. médic. de l’ouest, Rennes, xi. 1902: “ Quelques

observations sur Loligo media.”

Descriptions and Records of Bees. 337

LIII.— Descriptions and Records of Bees—XIX.

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

Dufourea (?) calidula, sp. n.

9 .—Length about 7$ mm.; anterior wing 54 mm.

Black, including legs (last tarsal joint dark reddish) ;

pubescence dull white, not abundant; abdomen wholly

without hair-bands; head subtriangular, the eyes long and

converging below; malar space present, but very short;

clypeus long, flattened, dullish, with very minute punctures

and an exceedingly short and fine silvery tomentum, only

visible in lateral view; sides of face with broad shining

foveze, which narrow below and extend about halfway down

the sides of the clypeus as narrow grooves ; antenne black,

short, ordinary ; vertex dull; mesothorax very shiny poste-

rior ly, anteriorly with a more sericeous surface ; pleura with

long hair ; area of metathorax broad, dullish, with a minutely

striatulate surface, its margin evident bnt rounded ; tegule

piceous. Wings perfectly hyaline, beautifully iridescent, the

large stigma and the nervures piceous; lower section of b. n.

strongly bent about its middle and falling some distance

apicad of t.-m.; t.-m. not or hardly oblique, slightly bowed

outwards; two submarginal cells, the first about or nearly

twice as long as the large second, the latter receiving both

the recurrent nervures, the second nearer to its apex than the

first to its base; third t.-c. bent in the middle; second r. n.

with an outward bend in its upper part. Hair of legs dull

white, more or less reddish on tarsi ; hind spurs yellowish

white, long and perfectly simple. Abdomen broad, with a

dullish sericeous lustre, first segment with a slight boss on

each side ; apex with long hairs; venter sparsely hairy.

Hab. Hinterland of Benguella, Jan. 3, 1908 (F. C.

Wellman).

Taken with other bees (Celtoxrys benguellensis &e.) at a

small patch of flowering Composite, Othonna and Greigeria.

No pollen had been collected. ‘This is not a genuine Du-

fourea, nor is it a Halictoides; 1 believe it should be regarded

as the type of a new genus, derived from the African Halic-

tines, but I should like to see more material, and especially

the male sex, before proposing a generic name. I have

given the characters of the venation which separate it from

the real Dufourea.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. 1. 22

338 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell--Descriptions and

Heriades ekutivensis, sp. n.

2? .—Length about 82 mm.; anterior wing about 53 mm.

Black, with white pubescence ; abdomen with the usual

white bands; ventral scopa silvery white; basin of first

abdominal segment with asharprim; wingsdusky. General

appearance like H. truncorum, L., but differing as follows :—

Eyes much larger; cheeks less ample; clypeus with a

median ridge on its upper half or more; mesothorax larger

and broader ; tegule piceous; scutellum large, broad, and

flat, its straight hind edge projecting; no teeth at sides of

scutellum, and its sculpture entirely different from that of

mesothorax, consisting of large deep pits close together, the ©

whole surface being dull, contrasting with the shining meso-

thorax ; hind tibiz more robust ; marginal cell a little more

pointed at apex. ‘The principal characters are those of the

scutellum ; these and the clypeal ridge suggest affinity with

FH. clypeatus, Friese, from the Transvaal.

Hab, Ekuiva Valley, W. Africa, 1907 (F. C. Wellman).

Among other bees taken by Dr. Wellman in the Ekuiva

Valley are Serapista denticulata (Sm.), Mesotrichia flavorufa

(De Geer), &c.

Hlertades wellmant, sp. n.

9 .—Length 54 mm. or slightly more.

Black, with white pubescence ; abdominal bands scarcely

developed; ventral scopa creamy white; basin of first abdo-

minal segment with a sharp rim. A small slender species,

superficially just like Chelostoma campanularum (Kirby), but

differing in the structure of the first abdominal segment and

also as follows :—flagellum ordinary ; punctures of face and

front much larger; punctures of mesothorax very much

larger ; scutellum (which is ordinary, not projecting) with

deep sparse punctures on a shining ground. Wings hyaline,

dusky apically ; second s.m. receiving second r, n. very near

its apex, and the first about twice as far from its base ; punc-

tures of abdomen large and deep. Somewhat related to

HT, eximius, Friese, apparently.

Hab. Hinterland of Benguella, Jan. 3, 1908 (/ C.

Wellman).

Taken with other bees (Caliorys benguellensis &e.) at a

small patch of flowering Composite, Othonna and Cretgeria.

No pollen had been collected.

Xylocopa valga, Gerst.

I received from the Museum of Comparative Zoology two

Records of Bees. 339

specimens of Xylocopa (3 ?), collected many years ago by

the Rev. M. M. Carleton in the Koolloo Valley, near to the

Himalayas, Northern India. The male was X. fenestrata,

Fabr., but, to my surprise, the female proved to be X. valga,

Gerst., not hitherto reported from India.

Chelynia pavonina, sp. n.

& .—Length about 8 mm.

Looking like a small dark blue Osmza; the colour through-

out, including legs and tegule, is a very fine dark purple-

blue, shaded with green, the clypeus and mesothorax being

nearly all green, while the upper side of the abdomen is

largely green, with some crimson tints, the hind margins of

the segments being purple. Mandibles tridentate; antenne

only moderately long, rather thick, resembling those of

2 Osmia, but 13-jointed, the scape green; head and thorax

densely punctured and with long coarse hair, which is black

except on the mesothorax, where it is white; tegule large,

densely punctured. Wings dusky, second submarginal cell

receiving both recurrent nervures. Hair of legs and abdomen

black ; abdomen without light markings.

A very distinct and beautiful species, with peacock-colours ;

it most resembles Stelis montana, Cresson, but is easily

known from that by the venation and other characters.

Hab, Boulder, Colorado, June (G. I. Hite).

CYRTAPIS, gen. nov.

Rather small; body Halictus-like; stigma large; three

submarginal cells; first sm. long, but not so long as the

other two combined ; second broad, receiving the first r. n.

before its middle; third broader above than below, receiving

the second r. n. a short distance from its base; second rn.

with an even but strong double curve; marginal cell large,

pointed at apex; lower section of basal nervure strongly

curved and much longer than upper ; b.n. meeting t.-m., the

latter oblique, its lower end more apicad; abdomen appa-

rently with a narrow elongated black pygidial area, but this

is a little uncertain.

Cyrtapis anomalus, sp. n.

Length about 8 mm., with head thrust forward.

Head about 12 mm. long, bluntly triangular, rather elon-

gated; head and thorax apparently black ; abdomen reddish,

with broad entire bands, at least twice as broad as the pale

intervals between them; antenne cylindrical, not monili-

340 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

form, rather long (at least 3 mm.), width of flagellum about

170 «4; abdomen as in Lalictus, sessile, about 2 mm. broad.

Wings hyaline, nervures and stigma pale testaceous; length

of anterior wing about 42 mm,

The following wing-measurements are In &:—

Depth of stigma 238; length of marginal cell 1615; width

(or depth) of marginal cell 425; length of first submarginal

918; lower side of first s.m. 663 ; length of second s.m.

(from one lower corner to the other) 629; second s.m. on

marginal 891; third s.m. on marginal 663; third s.m. below

493; length of first discoidal 1224; upper side of second

discoidal 765; lower side of second discoidal 884; length of

third discoidal (from angle formed by first and second to

lower apical corner) 1156; b n. on first sm. 255; b. n. on

first discoidal (not allowing for curve) about 561.

Hab. Fossil in the Miocene shales of F lorissant, Colorado,

at Station 14 (W. P. Cockerell, 1907).

Without any clue to the mouth-parts it is difficult to place

this singular genus in its correct systematic position. ‘The

general appearance, and the large stigma, marginal cell, and

bent basal nervure are all as in the Halictines. ‘The form of

the second submarginal cell, with the first r. n. Joining it

before the middle, as well as the second r.n. with a double

curve, suggest affinity with the Colletines, The really

anomalous character is found in the third transverso-cubital

nervure, which has a strong double curve, and has its upper

section more apicad than the lower, just reversing the normal

condition. This is quite clearly visible in both wings, and

evidently not an abnormality.

Ceratina binghamt, sp. n.

Ceratina viridissima, Bingham, Faun. Brit. India, ee vol. i.

p. 501.—Not C. viridissima, Dalla Torre.

This Indian species has long passed as Ceratina viridis,

Guér., as it agrees sufficiently with Guérin’s short descrip-

tion. The name of the species was needlessly altered to

viridissema by Dalla Torre on account of supposed preoccupa- .

tion. The original viridis was from Senegal, W. Africa, and .

has not been found in that region since 18435, unless an

insect reported by Meunier as a variety of his C. congoensis

really belongs to it. I have just received from Dr. F. C.

Wellman some specimens (2 9,1 @) of a Ceratina collected

by him in the Ekuiva Valley, 160 miles east of Benguella,

and these I refer without hesitation to C. viridis. One of

the females was visiting the flowers of an orchid. Compared

with the Indian insect these vir¢d’s are more robust and much.

Records of Bees. 341

less brilliantly coloured, and somewhat more coarsely punc-

tured; there is no doubt that they represent a distinct

species. My specimens of C. binghami are from Mr. Sladen,

and were collected at Calcutta and Siliguri in 1897. The

specimen from Calcutta is more blue than green.

PROTOMELECTA, gen. nov.

Form Andrena-like, with a rather long abdomen; wings

short, not reaching tip of abdomen; flagellum thick, as in

Melecta; eyes large and prominent; middle ocellus in a

depression ; scutellum apparently flat and Crocisa-like, the

lateral posterior corners produced and angulate, but the

interval between the points straight in the middle, not in-

cised; stigma large; marginal cell long, ending in a rather

blunt point not quite on costa; three submarginal cells, the

first longest below, but not very greatly so; second submar-

ginal cell very broad, receiving the first recurrent nervure

beyond the middle ; third s.m. greatly narrowed to marginal,

receiving the second r.n. beyond the middle; second r. n.

curved outwards, with a little band at middle of curve.

Protomelecta brevipennis, sp. n.

Length about 9 mm.

Black ; anterior wing 52 mm.; abdomen 5 mm. long or

nearly and about 3 wide, extending about 1 mm. beyond

closed wings; wings fuliginous, stigma black, nervures

brown; flagellum thick, about 340 w diameter. Wings quite

hairy; abdomen with sparse but evident hairs. Ocellar

basin (for middle ocellus) oval, about 391 uw long and 255

broad. Basal nervure originating some distance from stigma,

its lower part gently curved, but not at all as in the Halic-

tines ; third transverso-cubital with a double curve, formed

about as in Xenoglossa ; apex of first discoidal prolonged and

sharply pointed.

The following wing-measurements are in ps :—

Depth of stigma 238; length of marginal cell 1598, its

depth 459; length of first discoidal cell 1649; lower side of

first submarginal cell 646, of second 595, of third 544; lower

section of basal nervure 612, the upper very much shorter ;

lower side of first discoidal 969 ; first recurrent nervure 663 ;

insertion of first r. n. to end of second s.m. 85; insertion of

second r.n. to end of third s.m. about 85; upper side of

second s.m. about 459, of third s.m. 187; distance between

insertions of the recurrent nervures 493.

Hab. Fossil in the Miocene shales of Florissant, Colorado,

Station 14 (W. P. Cockerell, 1907).

342 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

A very Melecta-like genus, but with the venation of the

Eucerines and the large stigma of the Andrenids. In Ann.

& Mag. Nat. Hist., July 1902, p. 45, the affinities of Melecta

are discussed, and it is concluded that it is derived from the

Anthophorine series, and is especially related to the Kucerines

(Xenoglossa &c.). The genus now described would therefore

fall into the series as a primitive Melectine, retaining, how-

ever, the large stigma characteristic of lower groups. Among

the known fossil genera it has a rather close resemblance to

Lithandrena, but the latter has not the Melecta-like antenne

and the proportions of the submarginal cells are different.

Protomelecta is no doubt a parasitic genus, but there is no

reason for supposing this of Lithandrena,

Colioxys benguellensis, sp. n.

?.—Length about 16 mm.; anterior wing a little over

10 mm.

Black, including the legs and tegule, with dense snow-

white pubescence on cheeks, sides of face, upper part and

margins of pleura, &c. Hair on eyes only moderately long;

clypeus with white hair, no keel on it or the supraclypeal

region; mesothorax and scutellum dull, with very dense

large punctures ; scutellum with no median tubercle, teeth at

its sides long, a little curved. Legs with white hair, but it

is orange-ferruginous on inner side of tarsi. Anterior wings

dark fuliginous, violaceous, hyaline at base; hind wings

hyaline, with the apex broadly fuliginous. Abdomen

strongly and quite closely punctured, with linear white hair-

bands, broadening laterally; venter with three broad white

hair-bands, failing more or less in the middle; margin of

penultimate ventral segment covered with white hair; last

dorsal segment keeled about 2 of its length, its apex rather

blunt ; last ventral surpassing last dorsal by nearly a milli-

metre, narrow, with Jong fuscous hair on each margin and

with a little sharp tooth on each side a little beyond level of

apex of last dorsal; penultimate ventral segment rough with

excessively minute punctures, giving way to larger ones at

the base. In Friese’s table of African Caelioxys (‘ Arkiv for

Zoologi,’ 1904) this runs to C. setosa, Friese, but differs from

that E.-African species in the colour of the hair on the

clypeus and apical segment of abdomen. In the structure of

the apex of the abdomen there is some analogy with C. elon-

gata, Lep., but the apex of the last ventral is very much

narrower than in that species, and the lateral teeth are not

nearly so near the apex.

Records of Bees. 343

Hab. Hinterland of Benguella, W. Africa, Jan. 3, 1908

(fF. C. Wellman).

It was taken, along with numerous other bees (Anthophora

cerulea, Friese, 2, Croetsa picta, Smith, 2, Apis. adansoni,

Latr., worker, &c.) at a small patch of flowering Composite,

species of Othonna and Greigerta.

Thrinchostoma orchidarum, sp. n.

$.—Length a little over 11 mm. with the head thrust

forward; anterior wing 83 mm.

Black, with the hair on head and thorax above mainly

ferruginous, but on cheeks and pleura white; sides and

middle of face with dense white hair; clypeus greatly pro-

duced as usual, its apical margin broadly light yellow; tongue

long and slender, orange, very hairy ; palpi clear ferruginous ;

last joint of maxillary palpi long and slender; antenne

ordinary, flagellum ferruginous beneath; eyes prominent ;

mesothorax and scutellum extremely closely and densely

punctured ; tegule clear ferruginous. Wings ample, ferru-

ginous-tinted, stigma and nervures ferruginous ; costal margin

with short dark hair; apex of wings not infuscated ; second

s.m. large; second t.-c. with a patch of black hair as usual in

the genus, but straight (not bent as in %. bicometes).; third

t.-c. almost straight (not curved as in TJ. wellmanz) ; third

s.m. receiving both recurrent nervures at about equal distances

from apex and base; femora black; tibiee with a yellow

basal spot and more or less yellow apically ; hind tibie broad,

triangular, with a greatly produced and enlarged inner angle,

on the lower side of which the two spurs are seen, widely

separated ; tarsi clear light yellow, the apical two or three

joints ferruginous; abdomen black, with the hind margins of

the segments brvadly brilliant silvery, the apical segment

with black hair.

From the structure and colour of the wings this cannot be

the male of TZ. wellmani. It is also quite distinct from

T. bicometes (Diagonozus bicometes, Enderlein) and T’. pro-

ductum (Smith). Its closest affinity is with 7. renitantely,

Saussure, from Madagascar, but it differs in several points of

coloration.

Hab. Hinterland of Benguella, Jan. 1908, in flowers of a

large orchid (Ff. C. Wellman).

Thrinchostoma orthonne, sp. n.

9? Length hardly 8 mm.; anterior wing 6 mm.

Shining black ; head and thorax with white hair, a little

344 Mr. E. E. Austen on the Synonymy and

fuscous on scutellum; clypeus produced, but not so exces-

sively as in some species, exceedingly shiny, very sparsely

punctured; sides of face covered with white hair; malar

space broader than long; antenne black; front densely and

minutely punctured; mesothorax with dense strong punc-

tures, but shining ; postscutellum covered with white tomen-

tum and white hair in scutello-mesothoracic suture ; area of

metathorax broad, with a raised cancellate sculpture; tegule

dark reddish. Wings reddish, stigma and nervures rather

dilute brown; second s.m. very large; third s.m. receiving

the recurrent nervures near apex and base ; second and third

transverso-cubital straight. Legs black, the tarsi ferruginous

at apex. Abdomen black, the hind margins of the segments

broadly hyaline, rather sparsely beset with silvery hairs ;

dark parts of abdomen with much black hair.

The smallest known species of the genus; nearest to

T. productum, but malar space shorter, and. the sculpture of

the thorax very different.

Hab. Hinterland of Benguella, Jan. 3, 1908 (/. C.

Wellman).

Taken with other bees (Coliowys benguellensis &c.) at a

small patch of flowering Composite, Othonna and Gergeria.

The hind legs are loaded with the deep orange pollen.

Bombus ephipmatus montezume, n. n.

Bombus laboriosus, Smith, Journ. of Entom. 1861, p. 1538 (not of Fabri-

cius, 1804).—Mexico.

LIV.—On the Synonymy and Systematic Position of some

Spectes of Tabanide described by Thunberg and Lichten-

stein. By Ernest K. AUSTEN.

In a recent paper on the “ Nomenclature of Diptera” Prof.

Bezzi * has called attention to certain forgotten writings of

C. P. Thunberg and A. A. H. Lichtenstein, and has also

(loc. cit. p. 84) expressed his conviction that, as has already.

been done in the case of other orders of insects, ‘a permanent

and immutable nomenclature can be established for the

Diptera also, after all generic and specific names, proposed

by all the older authors without exception, have been com-

pletely elucidated and interpreted.” The following notes are

* Wien. Ent. Z. xxvii. Jahrg., Heft ii. & iii. (20th Feb., 1908)

pp. 77-83.

Systematic Position of some Spectes of Tabanidee. 345

offered in the hope of expediting, in however small a degree,

the advent of so desirable a consummation.

Bezzi is not strictly correct in stating (Joc. edt. p. 80) that

the species of ‘'abanide described by Thunberg (Nov. Act.

R. Soc. Sci. Upsal. ix. 1827, pp. 53-75) are ‘ entirely

wanting ” from Kertész’s ‘ Catalogus Tabanidarum’ (1900),

since Tabanus ruber, Thunb. (loc. ct. p. 56.—Habitat un-

known), and Tabanus triceps, Thunb. (loc. ctt. p. 59.—

Cayenne and Brazil), are duly recorded by Kertész. The

inclusion of these species, however, in view of the exclusion

of all the others, is certainly remarkable.

Tanyglossa cingulata, Thunb. (loc. cit. p. 70, tab. i. fig. 8.

—Cape of Good Hope), = Pangonia angulata, Fabr.

From Thunberg’s description and figure, Pangonia con-

juncta, Walk. (List Dipt. Ins. in Coll. Brit. Mus. i. (1848)

p. 185.—8. Africa). would appear to be identical with

Tanyglossa pulera, ‘Thunb. (loc. cit. p. 72, tab. i. fig. 9),

which, however, is stated to be from Brazil.

Tanyglossa rostrata, Thunb. (loc. cit. p. 75, tab. i. fig. 13.

—Cape of Good Hope), apparently = Pungonia (Tabanus)

rostrata, Linn.

Tanyglossa obscura, Vhunb. (loc. ett. p. 73, tab. i. fig. 10.

—Locality not given), is a Pangonia, as stated by Bezzi—

perhaps P. rostrata, Linn.

[Tanyglossa deusta, ‘Vhunb. (oc. cit. p. 68, tab. i. fig. 7.—

Brazil), is not a Nemestrinid, as suggested by Bezzi, but=

Heterostylum rufum, Olivier (fam. Bombylide). ]

Tanyglossa ethiopica, Vhunb. (loc. cit. p. 67, tab. i. fig. 6.

—Cape of Good Hope).—Apparently this is the species

previously (Mus. Nat. Acad. Upsal. Dissertationes, Pars 7

(1789) p. 91) described by Thunberg as Tabanus ethiopicus *.

Be this as it may, there can be no doubt that it is a Pan-

gonia, and not P. rostrata, L., as Bezzi believes, but

P. (Cortzoneura) varicolor, Wied. (Auss. Zw. Ins. i. (1828)

p- 98: syn. P. appendiculata, Macq.). Wiedemann’s name

consequently becomes a synonym, and the species must

henceforth be known as Pangonia ethiopica, Thunb.

‘anyglossa_thoracica, ‘Thunb. (/oc. cit. p. 71.—Locality

unknown), is a Pangenia, apparently allied to P. angulata,

Fabr. If so, it must be from 8. Africa.

According to Bezzi (loc. cit. p. 83, note 2), with the excep-

tion of Mydas nitida, none of the species of exotic Diptera

* Omitted by Bezzi, Wien. Ent. Z. xxvii. Jahrg., Heft ii. & iii. (Feb.

20th, 1908) p. 79.

346 Mr. O. Thomas on the

described in Anton August Heinrich Lichtenstein’s ‘ Cata-

logus’* have been noticed by Wiedemann or any other

author. Bezzi (loc. cit. note 2) gives the number of the

species under the genera under which they were described,

but states that he has not yet seen the publication in

question. ‘This is not surprising, since, according to Sherborn

(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. ii. 1899, p. 272),

Lichtenstein’s ‘ Catalogus’ is ‘‘ so rare that only two copies

are known to exist, one in the British Museum and onein

the University of Kiel.” Lichtenstein’s Tabanidee were

described as Tabanus costalis (op. cit. p. 213) and Tabanus

Hottentotus and T. charopus (ibid. p. 214). ‘Lhe descriptions

are exceedingly short, and since few dipterists are likely to

be in a position to consult the originals, they are transcribed

in their entirety below, with a note in each case on the

systematic position of the species :—

«295. Tabanus striatus; n. 39+. Item: Tabanus cos-

talis; nobis. Taban. oculis seneis; ferrugineus, alis hyalinis

costa flava. Habitat in Coromandel.”

[Apparently a Zabanus, but precise species probably

indeterminable. ]

“304. Tabanus MHottentotus; nobis. Tabanus ater;

thorace, & abdominis segmento tertio supra flavo macularis

[sec]. Habitat ad Cap. bon. Spei. Haustellum longitudine

capitis, ales nigree.”

[Evidently a Cadicera, near, though apparently distinct

from, C. (Pangonia) chrysostigma, Wied. |

“305. Tabanus charopus; nobis. Tabanus oculis fuscis,

ater, lanugine alba, alis hyalinis. Habitat ad Cap. bon. Spei.

Haustellum Jongitudine thoracis.”

[Probably Bombylius analis, Fabr., 3 .]

LV.—The Missing Premolar of the Chiroptera.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

No bat has normally more than three premolars, above or

below, and the question has naturally arisen as to which of

the full mammalian set of four has disappeared in this group.

* ‘Catalogus rerum naturalium rarissimarum Hamburg. . . auctionis

lege distrahendarum ...’ Sectio tertia [Insecta]. 6vo, Hamburg, 1796.

+ The number under which Vabanus striatus was originally described

by Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iv. 1794, p. 871.-—E. E. A.

Missing Premolar of the Chiroptera. 347

Hitherto authors have taken for granted that the anterior

tooth, the protus* or p', was the missing one; but they

appear to have done this rather because it was the simplest

theory than that they had any strong reason for it. Hven

Winge, who gives in most cases such full reasons for his

conclusions, merely says ‘it is usually presumed that it is

p which is absent ” T.

In such cases the arguments that are available are of three

kinds, viz.: (1) relative position in the jaw, (2) the occasional

recurrence of atavistic teeth, and (3) the presence or absence

of milk-teeth corresponding to the permanent ones. The first

two of these arguments may often be fallacious, while th;

third is a very important one; but if, as now, all three agree

in pointing to one conclusion, that should be accepted even if

it differs from the usual opinion on the subject.

It is, of course, certain that the two posterior premolars of

bats are to be homologized as p® and p’*, tritus and tetartus ;

and the question to be settled is as to whether the most

anterior one is the protus or deuterus, p* or p*, and I have

come to the conclusion that this tooth is the protus and that

the deuterus is missing, for the following reasons :—

(1) As to relative position, attention may be drawn to the

way in which the anterior tooth in Pterocyon helvus, in

Lonchoglossa, and others, stands close behind the canine,

with a gap separating it from the other teeth.

(2) Dr. K. Andersen has shown me a skull of Péteropus

scapulatus (B.M. no. 86. 11. 1. 1) in which the mandible

possesses on one side a well-developed tooth standing in the

gap thus formed, and, I would suggest, representing the

missing p?. ‘The additional premolar described by Peters

‘in a specimen of Anoura geoffroyi is again in an exactly

similar position, and may be equally of an atavistic nature.

(3) The really important test as to whether a tooth is a p!

or p* is, among the Here, as to whether it does or does not

have a milk predecessor, no protus in the group being known

to change §, while the deuterus is always represented by both

* Cf. P. Biol. Soc. Wash. xviii. p. 196 (1905).

+ “ Pattedyrenes Tandskifte,” in Vid. Medd. Nat. For, Copenhagen,

1882, p. 62.

+ MB. Ak. Berl. 1869, p. 398.

§ A case contradicting this rule would appear to be represented by the

mole’s dentition as described by Tauber (Naturh. Tidsskr. (3) viii. p. 252,

pl. xi, 1872), but, judging by the figure, his interpretations are palpably

incorrect. Taking his own diagram, no one could hesitate in deciding

that the teeth he calls md. 1 in the upper jaw and pm. | in the lower

correspond absolutely with each other, instead of one being milk and the

other permanent. The true explanation of his drawing is evidently that

348 On the Missing Premolar of the Chiroptera.

milk and permanent teeth. Now, with one exception, ex-

plained below, no bat has ever been recorded as having more

than two milk-premolars, those belonging to the two posterior

teeth, the tritus and tetartus. ‘The anterior Chiropteran

cheek-tooth therefore never changes, and is, ¢pso facto, p’

(unless it is mp', a possibility about which I cannot at

present express any opinion, though I do not think it

unlikely). ‘lhat the absence of the milk-tooth cannot be

correlated with the reduction that the anterior permanent

tooth generally exhibits is shown by the fact that in Plerocyon

helvus this premolar is decidedly larger than the incisors,

and yet no trace of a milk-tooth belonging to it is to be

found, while the milk-incisors are large and conspicuous.

The one exception referred to is Leche’s record of three

upper milk-premolars in Glossophaga*, although the adult has

only two permanent premolars. But this latter fact gives

the clue to the apparent anomaly of the Glossophaga dentition,

for to my mind it indicates without doubt that the anterior

cheek-tooth regarded by Leche as a milk-tooth is simply

the ordinary anterior premolar itself, somewhat premature in

- development and deciduous in the adult.

As I agree with Dr. Knud Andersen that it is the outer

and not the median upper incisor that has disappeared in

bats t, the following would be the full Chiropteran formula

when at its maximum :—

120 1 LenS A 123

7.3 fb ay Pp es nN ee

ihe} es3 iL Or*.0 woe :

123 1 sonec dod Omeee 123

the teeth just mentioned are the non-changing protus and protid, while

the objects he labels as ym. 1 above and md. 1 below are not teeth at all,

but soft structures which he has mistaken for such in the belief that teeth

ought to be found there.

* Lunds Univ. Arsskr. xiv. p. 11, pl. il. fig. vii. (1878).

+ Partly because of the reduction of the third lower incisorin many bats,

partly because of the way the lower canine bites on to the space where a

missing 2? would have stood, and partly on the analogy of such other mem-

bers of the Ferze as Centetes, where this reduction can be clearly proved

(see P.Z. S. 1892, p. 504). Mr. Miller’s argument (‘Genera of Bats,’ p. 27,

1907) about the median imperfection of the premaxille appears to me

quite fallacious, for the innermost incisor of three, in one geological epoch,

would not be affected by the fact that in a later one, after the reduction

to two incisors, the premaxille were going to become imperfect in the

middle line of certain genera. The reduction from three to two must

have taken place long before any tendency to premaxillary imperfection

began to appear.

On anew Deer from Venezuela. 349

LVI.—A new Deer of the Brocket Group from Venezuela.

By OLpFIELD THOMAS.

Mazama bricenii, sp. n.

Similar in many respects to Jf. tema, Raf., the Central-

American Brocket (commonly known as MM. sartori*), but

distinguished by smaller size and deeper lacrymal pits.

Coloration practically the same as that of M. tema, the

body rich chestnut-rufous, the head, ears, nape, fore limbs,

and hind feet dark brown. Under surface rather lighter than

upper, the bright rufous of the interramia and throat strongly

contrasted with the dark brown of the cheeks. ‘l'ail short,

with a few rufous and more brown hairs on its upper side, the

hairs of its lower side white.

Skull, as compared with that of M. tema, smaller and more

delicately built throughout. Premaxille with a long nasal

articulation. Lacrymal vacuities rather small. Lacrymal

pits unusually developed for a member of this group, about

7 or 8 mm. in depth, those of a tema of similar age and

sex about 2 or 3 mm. Orbit conspicuously smaller than in

the allied form.

Dimensions of the skull (the animal not having been

measured in the flesh, and the skin being so prepared as to be

useless for measurement) :—

Greatest length 159 mm.; basal length 143; greatest

breadth 70; nasals 43°5 x 22°5; interorbital breadth 34:°5 ;

height of orbit 25; muzzle to front of p? 45; combined

length of three upper premolars 23:5, of whole tooth-row 51.

Hab, Paramo de la Culata, Merida, Venezuela. Altitude

3000 m.

Type. Adult female. Collected 14th August, 1907, by

S. Bricefio, after whom I have named the species, in recog-

nition of the immense number of mammals which he has

been instrumental in discovering.

While of described species this animal is undoubtedly most

nearly allied to MZ. tema, yet there is a skull in the Museum

* While Hernandez’s Temamazame has been rightly referred by all

authors, from Alston downwards, to the Central-American Brocket, the

technical name based on it by Rafinesque in 1817, M. tema, has been,

for some inscrutable reason, left attached to its larger S.-American ally

(M. rufinus). Iiven Dr. Merriam, who in 185 had written “ the Tema-

mazame of Mexico, which Rafinesque called M. tema” (‘ Science,’ i. p. 18),

speaks in 1901 (P. Biol. Soc. Wash. xiv. p. 105) of “ M. sartorti” as the

‘only known species from Mexico,” the name he uses being forty-three

years later in date than M, tema,

350 Mr. O. A. Sayce on a

which much more closely agrees with that of W. bricenit,

namely that figured by de Winton as being the skull of his

Pudua mephistopheles*, Since Mr. Séderstrém sent the

first and typical specimen of P. mephistopheles he has been

good enough to present two further examples to the British

Museum, and these show that some mistake must have

occurred in the allocation of the skull Mr. de Winton

described. For the skulls of the fresh specimens, about

which there can be no question, are very like that of

P. pudu in most particulars, and show that mephistopheles,

although a perfectly distinct species, is not so widely different

from P. pudu as Mr. de Winton supposed. Curiously enough;

like that figured, the true mephistopheles skull has a broad

naso-premaxillary articulation, and, in addition, differs from

that of P. pudu by the almost entire absence of the lacrymal

pit so well marked in the Chilian form.

On the other hand, the skull wrongly supposed to be that

of P. mephistopheles is closely similar to that of Mazama

bricenit, and indicates the existence in Ecuador of a highland

Brocket allied to, and perhaps identical with, the animal now

described from Venezuela.

LVII.—Description of a new remarkable Crustacean with

Primitive Malacostracan Characters. By O. A. SAYCEf.

(Read before the Field Naturalists’ Club of Victoria, 8th October, 1907.)

THE new crustacean, of which I now offer a preliminary

description, 1s a very important one, having in a major degree

the character of the stalk-eyed forms, although possessing

definitely sessile eyes, and also bearing other features which

shed additional light on divergent groups. I consider it the

most primitive sessile-eyed Malacostracan hitherto recorded.

Its nearest ally is undoubtedly the stalk-eyed Anaspides

tasmanie, G. M. Thomson.

It has been easy to separate crustaceans, apart from the

more primitive forms, such as the Entomostraca, into two

divisions—one, possessing movably stalked eyes, Podoph-

thalma, and another, with sessile eyes, Edriophthalma—and

hitherto there has been no sharp merging of one into the

* P. Z. 5S. 1896, p. 510, figs. 2 & 4.

+ From the ‘ Victorian Naturalist,’ vol. xxiv. no. 7 (November 7, 1907),

pp. 117-120.

new remarkable Crustacean. 351

other, This basis for classification was adopted by Leach in

1815, and is to-day the generally accepted one. *

For some years past, however, some few carcinologists, .

notably Prof. Boas, and later Dr. H. J. Hansen, have con-

ceived that in certain circumstances this is not a natural

classification, and that in the more primitive forms of each

division—viz. the stalk-eyed Schizopoda and the sessile-eyed

Tsopoda—some of the former-are more closely related to the

latter than are some Schizopod families to each other.

Hansen differs in many points from Boas, and no subsequent

writer seems to have adopted their recommendations until

recently, when Dr. W. ‘I. Calman* has conformed to

Hansen’s suggestion (with some modifications and additions),

and done away with the Schizopoda as a natural group,

uniting some, the Huphausiacea, to the Decapoda (crayfish,

crabs, &c.), and the remainder, the Mysidacea, to a large

group including all the sessile-eyed forms (Lsopoda and

Amphipoda). ,

This is not the place to enter into a detailed discussion as

to the systematic position of the present species, but I shall

do so in another place, and give a detailed description, with

illustrations of its anatomy. Sufficient to say here that it

cannot be placed in Calman’s division Syncarida, composed

of the single order Anaspidacea, to which the present species

is rather closely allied, without considerable alteration of his

diagnosis; for instance, it has not all the thoracie somites

distinct, the anterior one being coalesced with the head, the

eyes are not pedunculated, nor are the thoracic limbs flexed

between the fifth and sixth joints, but between the fourth and

fifth, I can, however, respect his order Anaspidacea, so far

undefined, and in consequence of the present species I offer a

diagnosis of it.

Should the opinion preponderate that the Schizopoda, with

the Euphausid and Mysid types both included, be kept for

the present as a natural group, then Anaspidacea may be

included as a tribe of that group.

I am aware in joining the present species to Anaspidacea

that it originates an order possessing both stalked and sessile-

eyed forms, but I feel confident that the close relationship

shown in other respects of this new species to Anaspides

warrants such a union.

Fundamentally the present species has the well-known

Schizopod characters, and, of the two rather widely divergent

* “On the Classification of the Crustacea Malacostraca,” by W. T

Calman, D.Sc.: Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiii. p. 144 (1904),

352 Mr. O. A. Sayce on a

types of that order, it has marked affinities with the

Euphausid, and to a less degree with the Mysid type, as

well as having a strong likeness to the primitive forms of

Isopoda and Amphipoda.

Considering the stalked eye as a primitive character and

dominant throughout the main stem of descent of the crusta-

ceans, and the sessile-eyed forms as a lateral divergence, it

appears to me that the present form is an early stage of such

divergence.

It will not be disputed that the present species in general

form and structure is like Anaspides tasmanie, G. M. Thomson,

a noteworthy species in freshwater pools on the summit of

Mt. Wellington, Tasmania, and in Lake Field, situated

A() miles from the above situation, at an elevation of about

4000 feet.

Anaspides differs from other Schizopods in possessing no

vestige of a carapace, and has eight distinct thoracic somites.

The present species has marked affinities with it, but differs

in a good many minor characters and fundamentally in the

eyes being sessile, there being no antennal scale, and in the

coalescence of the first thoracic somite with the head.

The loss of stalked eyes, carapace, and scale-like exopodite

on the antenna—each, I think, acknowledged as primitive

features—while in most other respects quite of a Schizopod

type, marks the present species as the most primitive sessile-

eyed Malacostracan at present known, and it is no doubt a

very ancient type. I may also note that Calman has shown

that Anaspides closely resembles some of the oldest fossil

Malacostraca (Uronectes &c.).

Specimens were collected from small freshwater reedy pools

beside a tiny little runnel which joins the Mullum Mullum

Creek, Ringwood, near Melbourne, during an excursion of

the Nature Study Class for teachers, under the direction of

Mr. J. A. Leach, M.Sc., to whom I am indebted for specimens,

Order ANASPIDACEA, Calman, 1904.

This order, so far, has not been defined.

Body generally slender, of nearly cylindrical form, integu-

ment thin. Oarapace absent. ‘Thoracic somites distinct or

with the anterior one fused with the head. Abdomen of

about equal length to the cephalon and thorax combined ;

somites distinct, flexing evenly throughout. Hyes stalked or

sessile. Antennary scale small or absent. Auditory organ

at base of first antenne. Peduncle of second antenne

four-jointed. Mandibles without a secondary cutting-edge

‘

new remarkable Crustacean. 353

(Jacinta mobilis of Hansen). Maxillipeds and succeeding pairs

of legs uniform in general structure and adapted for walking.

Swimming-branches (exopods) on all but the last two or

three pairs of legs. Branchie forming a double series on all

but the last one or two pairs of legs, simple, lamellar, wholly

uncovered. Pleopoda natatory, no appendix interna, inner

branch (endopodite) rudimentary or wanting except in the

males, when it is modified in the first two pairs for sexual

purposes. ‘T’elson and uropoda normal, together forming a

“fan.” No marsupial plates (oostegites).

Fam. 1. Anaspide, Thomson, 1894.

Thorax of eight segments. Eyes pedunculated. Antennal

scale arising from the second joint. Mandibles with single

dentate cutting-edge, “ spine-row” or setose ridge, and

molar expansion. Maxillipeds with exopodite small, simple,

and lamellar; epipodite quite small and simple; possessing

also small gnathobasic lobes on the inner face. First five

pairs of legs with well-developed swimming-branch. Branchie

on all but the last pair of legs, which are without any ap-

pendages. Pleopoda with rudimentary endopodite.

Fam. 2. Koonungida, nov.

In general appearance like Anaspide. Thorax with ante-

rior segment fused with the head, leaving seven distinct sub-

equalsegments. Hyes sessile. Noantennal scale. Mandibles

with a single dentate cutting-edge and molar expansion, no

‘“‘spine-row’”’ or its equivalent. Maxillipeds without any

trace of gnathobasic lobes, otherwise like Anaspide. Branchize

and swimming-branches of legs like Anaspidee. Last pair of

legs flexed in the opposite direction to the preceding ones.

Pleopoda absolutely uniramous, except the first two pairs in

the male.

Genus KOONUNGA, nov.

Cephalon of about equal length to the following two

segments combined, possessing a short transverse sulcus on

each side at about the middle distance, posteriorly to which

the margins are produced downward and inwards. Frontal

margin of cephalon scarcely produced, incised above the

attachment of the second antenne, forming a small lateral

lobe. Eyes small, round, situated on the dorsal surface at

the angles formed by the union of the frontal margin and the

incisions. Antenne long and filamentous, the upper with

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 23

354 On a new remartable Crustacean.

basal: joint of flagellum with sensory modification in the

male, lower nearly as long as the upper.

Mandibles with a three-jointed palp. First maxille with a

small but distinct palp. No swimming-branch on the last

two pairs of thoracic limbs.

Remarks.—The name is derived from the aboriginal name

of a creek which runs near where specimens were collected.

Koonunga cursor, sp. n.

Specific description.— Anterior portion of the body of sub-

cylindric form, becoming gradually rather broader, deeper,

and cylindrical posteriorly. All the segments of the thorax

and abdomen subequal. Abdomen of equal length to the

thorax, last segment not longer than the preceding one, with

one or two dorsal spines close to the attachment of the telson.

Telson entire, slightly broader than its length, of triangular

form and rounded apex, margin fringed with a double or

more series of stout spines. Uropoda with peduncle ex-

tending to half the length of the telson, its branches some-

what longer than the peduncle, inner one fringed along the

inner margin with upturned spines, and three longer ones at

the apex pointing outward ; outer margin and apex fringed

with very long feathered setee ; outer branch fringed with long

feathered sete, and the outer margin also with a row of

upturned spines.

Mandibles each with a broad eutting-plate, that of the left

side curving outwards, and the edge divided into six stout

teeth ; that of the right side also broad, curved in the reverse

direction, and the edge divided into five stout teeth ; molar

process similar in each, forming a well-extended broad ridge

clothed with short stout sete, surrounding a minute triturating

surface with chitinoid papille.

Maxillipeds rather stouter than the legs, extending directly

forwards about as far as the distal end of the peduncle of the

upper antennee; the seventh joint (dactylus) minute, stout,

and bearing four claws on the rounded extremity. ‘The

seventh joint also of each of the other limbs minute, and

bearing three long stout claws, the middle one rather longer

than the other two, which are positioned closely on each side

of it and quite similar to each other.

Colour.—General appearance marbled dark brown. Micrc-

scopically showing a yellowish stratum, thickly dotted over

with rounded areas composed of black granules.

Lengith.—Largest specimen measured 9 mm. (4 inch).

Occurrence.—F rom freshwater reedy pools beside a tiny

Ann &, Mag, Nat. Hist.8.8Vol.1 PU. XIV.

SA . —

——— SSSS= =

~ wa Es 5 ey

wen? 5

R.S.Bagnall del. d.Green Jith,

Vol.1. PU.XV

st.

Aniw.& Ma g- Nat th

10.

Jd.Green hth.

S.Bagnall del.

On some Thysanoptera (Tubulifera) from Papua. 355

runnel joining the Mullum Mullum Creek, Ringwood, near

Melbourne.

Remarks.—It is remarkably active ; usual form of loco-

motion running, but can spring forcibly forwards and also

swim easily. It shuns strong light.

References.

G. M. Toomson,—“ Description of a Remarkable Schizopod.” Trans,

Linn. Soe., Zool. (2) vi. 3.

W. T. Cauman.—“On the Genus Anaspides.” Trans. Roy. Soe.

Edinburgh, xxxviii. pt. iy.

[ Note.—By the kindness of Mr. Sayce, the British Museum

has now received specimens of the very remarkable crustacean

described above. From an examination of these I am able

to bear witness to the accuracy, in all essential points, of his

description. I believe, however, that the difference from

Anaspides in the flexure of the thoracic legs will prove to be

more apparent than real, and I do not think that the altera-

tions now necessary in the diagnosis of the Syncarida in any

way impair the status of that group as a natural division of

the Malacostraca. A discussion of these and similar points

must, however, be deferred until the appearance of Mr. Sayce’s

promised memoir.—W. T. CaLMAN. |

LVIII.—On some New and Curious Thysanoptera (Tubu-

lifera) from Papua. By Ricwarp 8. BAGNALL, F.E.S.

[Plates XIV. & XV.]

THE present small contribution to our knowledge of the

world’s Thysanoptera is based upon four specimens collected

at Dorey, Papua (New Guinea), by Dr. A. R. Wallace,

F.R.S., which were presented by him to the late Mr. W.

Wilson Saunders, and are now in the British Museum *.

Unfortunately only one specimen of each species exists,

and as they are gummed on cards the descriptions are of

necessity incomplete. Dr. Wallace is under the impression

that he took these creatures from under bark.

Apart from the general interest attached to insects so

* I have withheld the description of a fifth species, which is not in

yery good condition,

23*

356 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on some

curious as the first three herein described, two of which are

giants of their order, one feels that there is also a considerable

historical interest in connexion with this collection, associated

not only with a naturalist of world-wide fame, but with that

portion of the Eastern Hemisphere whereon is based one of

his most widely read works, the ‘Malay Archipelago.’ It is

therefore a pleasure to me to have this opportunity of

naming one of the most important species in this small but

valuable collection in Dr. Wallace’s honour.

I would also express my gratitude to Mr. C. O.

Waterhouse for the kindly help rendered me in examining

the collections of Thysanoptera belonging to the British

Museum.

Order THYSANOPTERA,

Suborder TUBULIFERA, Haliday.

A knowledge of the species of the suborder Tubulifera

outside Europe leads one to believe that it might with advan-

tage be divided into two families, Phloeothripide and Idolo-

thripide, the characters given by Haliday for his two genera,

Phleothrips and Idolothrips, being in themselves sufficient to

warrant such a division.

Ocelli tres eequidistantes, in alatis saltem: hau-

stellum inter coxas anticas subdeflexum:

palpi labiales ovati: alee antice vena unica

nonnisi inchoata (vel abbreviate aut nulle).

[Caput oblongum, depressum: abdomen Uzel.

depressum.']. . 3 sass pace dey eee ee ae Fam. Phiceothripide,

Ocellus anterior remotus ab basi antennarum :

haustellum. basin prosterni attingens:

palpi labiales papilliformes: ale antice

vena unica obsoletiore dimidiata, aut abbre-

viata. [Caput longissimum, teres: abdo- [mihi.

men SxCRVAlUM ins oases ea eee Fam. Idolothripide,

The Phlceothripidae contains several genera already well

known, whilst the Idolothripids will contain the genus

Idolothrips (s. 8.), Haliday (type species J. marginata,

Haliday, 1852), and other allied genera which it will be

necessary to establish for the reception of certain species now

in my hands,

Family Idolothripide, mihi.

Genus Mrcynornrips *, nov.

Head more or less cylindrical, three times as long as

* Mecyno= prolonged,

Thysanoptera (Tubulifera) from Papua. 357

the prothorax; posterior third widened to base; fore-part

much produced beyond the eyes, elevated, and bearing the

anterior ocellus (protected by two strong spine-bearing

tubercles) midway between the anterior margin of eyes and

the extreme apex of head, which is widened for the seating of

the antennz ; cheeks set with spine-bearing warts. yes

large and prominent. Antenne slender and nearly as long

as the head and prothorax together, furnished with long hairs

and sense-cones. JMouth-cone......

Prothoraz strongly and rugosely sculptured, raised slightly

to posterior edge; a large spine-set wart at each posterior

angle, and anterior angles produced, forming a pair of strong

recurved horns. Fore femora much enlarged, each armed

with a tooth having its base above the mid-line beneath ;

fore tibie broadened, with one or more small blunt teeth at

apices and each tarsus armed with a large tooth. Wings

present.

Abdomen very long, slender, and tapering; simple; tube

less it: length than the ninth abdominal segment *.

Species large.

Type. Mecynothrips wallacer, mihi.

Mecynothrips may be separated from allied genera by the

abnormally produced head, the form of pronotum, the elon-

gate ninth segment of abdomen, and the short tube. In

known species of this group the tube is about three times as

long as the preceding segment, which is comparatively

short.

Mecynothrips wallacet, sp.n. (Pl. XIV. figs. 1-8.)

3g. Length 12 to 13 mm., breadth of mesothorax about

15 mm.

Colour shining black, juncture of meso- and metaseutum

and ill-defined patches on the lateral edges of intermediate

abdominal segments almost blood-red. Intermediate and

hind femora brownish black; all tibiz brownish black,

reddish yellow at knees, and shaded to yellow at apices ;.

anterior tarsi reddish brown, others yellowish brown, and all

tipped with black. Antenne yellow, two basal and three

apical joints dark brown, joints three to five tipped with the

same colour.

Head \ong, finely and transversely striate, reticulate near

base ; widest at base and five times the length of its greatest

width; only as wide immediately beyond eyes as widtis

between them, but widening to the apex. Cheeks with a

* These generic characters are, perforce, drawn from the male sex,

358 Mr. R. S. Bagnall on some

number of strong spines set in warts. yes large, finely

facetted, bulging anteriorly and apparently extending further

on under side than on upper. Ocelii large, posterior pair

on a line with centre of eyes and close to their margins, widely |

separated from the anterior ocellus, which is borne between

two spine-bearing warts midway betwixt the extreme apex

of head and the anterior margin of eyes. Antenne inserted

above the apex ; joints 3 to 6 elongate and claviform, 7 and 8

fusiform. ‘Third joint twice the length of the two basal joints

together, fourth four-fifths of third, fifth three-quarters of

fourth, sixth much shorter than the preceding and equal in

length to the penultimate and apical joints together. <An-

tennal spines at the apex of each joint very long, especially

on the outer side, dark brown; sense-cones light and therefore

inconspicuous, slender and acute, at least two on each of the

joints 3 to 7, three or more on the fourth.

Prothorax one-third as long as head, disk deeply sculp-

tured, upper surface strongly narrowed from middle to base,

and two large tubercles, set low down, forming posterior

angles, and another pair within and above this pair; each

anterior angle produced, thus forming a very strong recurved

horn, which is striated transversely and bluntly toothed near

apex.

SA nesior cova not greatly enlarged, plainly reticulate, and

armed with one fairly conspicuous spine. Péterothorax much

broader than head, apparently longer than broad, with meta-

sternum laterally rounded, narrowed, and armed with several

strong white bristles. Wangs present, short in comparison

with the great length of the body, apparently reaching to fifth

abdominal segment. Legs long: fore femora much enlarged

and each armed with a strong tooth which has its base above

the mid-line beneath; fore tibize broad and flattened, one or

two small blunt teeth at apices and each fore tarsus armed

with an exceedingly stout long tooth. Intermediate legs

comparatively slender, set with a number of long light-

coloured bristles.

Abdomen simple, extremely long and slender, being two-

thirds the length of the whole insect and about one-eighth as

wide at base as it is long. Tapered very gradually to tube.

Lube only two-thirds the length of ninth abdominal segment

and only one-third the length of head; terminal hairs short

and weak, and spines on abdomen comparatively short.

Surface transversely striate and in parts plainly reticulate.

Type. One male in British Museum (ex coll. Saunders).

Hab. Dorey, New Guinea ( Wallace).

Thysanoptera (Tubulifera) from Papua. 359

Family Phleothripidea, Uzel.

Genus MAcROTHRIPS *, nov.

Head at least twice as long as broad and longer than the

length of the prothorax; eheeks set with long spines. Hyes

comparatively small; ocelli present. Antenne longer than

head; intermediate joints much elongated; sense-cones

small and inconspicnous; hairs very small and fine, giving

the joints the appearance of being naked. Mouth-cone.....

Prothorax not more than two-thirds the length of head,

very abruptly raised to the posterior edge, thus throwing

the disk into a vertical position ; posterior edge forming a

strongly sculptured corona terminated at each posterior angle

by a large spine-set tubercle. Anterior coac (of male)

abnormally produced ; apices of fore tibiza and tarsi armed

with teeth. Fore legs of male greatly enlarged, femora

thickened and each with a large broad-seated tubercle or

blunt tooth at the base within. Wings present.

Abdomen comparatively broad and heavy.

Species large and massive.

Type. MW. papuensis, mihi.

There are two carded specimens in this collection, one of

each sex. At first I was inclined to regard them as the sexes

of one species, but, owing to the strong and divergent

characters, which, I think, cannot be only sexual, they must

be described as separate species. Further, the male specimen

is very much larger than the female, whereas the males in

the Phiceothripide are almost invariably smaller than the

females.

Macrothrips papuensis, sp.n. (Pl. XV. figs. 9-11.)

3. Length 11 mm., breadth of mesothorax 2 mm.

General cofour very dark brown, tibie and tarsi reddish

brown.

Head three times as long as width of cheeks ; immediately

behind eyes narrower than the width across eyes, but filling

out gradually and narrowing again before base; eheeks full

and set with long white bristles or spines; vertex raised.

Surface shining, finely and transversely striate, base faintly

reticulate, a belt of close punctures across centre, wrinkled

transversely behind eyes and narrowly sculptured between

ocelli. A strong backwardly curved protuberance set with a

short stout spine behind each eye, Hyes comparatively

* Macro=large.

360 Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on some

small, finely facetted. Ocelli rather large, posterior pair

placed immediately behind line drawn across the head at

the posterior margin of the eyes. Antennz separated at

their base, longer than head and prothorax together. Basal

joints cylindrical, first longer and wider than the second;

three to six much elongated and mildly claviform, seven and

eight fusiform. Third joint twice the length of basal joints

together, fourth five-sixths of third, fifth three-quarters of

fourth, sixth a little more than two-thirds of fifth and slightly

less than the penultimate and apical joints together. Hairs

and sense-cones lightly coloured, small and inconspicuous.

Prothorax two-thirds the length of head, shortly and abruptly

raised to posterior edge. Anterior edge defined, widely

emarginate, and set with short inwardly directed bristles,

mid-lateral and posterior marginal spines also small. Disk

slightly rugose, more strongly rugose laterally; the raised

edge wide and very strongly though evenly sculptured; a

series of tubercles immediately behind this channelling and

two large upwardly directed tubercles forming posterior

angles.

Anterior legs very massive and outwardly set with long

white bristles ; coza abnormally produced, forming a genicu-

late horn which lies over the femur; femur longer than the

head, very broad and slightly flattened, produced to a blunt

tooth at base within; tibia broad and flat, granulate, armed

with two fairly stout teeth at apex within; tarsus armed with

a long dagger-like tooth. Hind and intermediate legs simple,

hirsute, two or three bristles at knee especially long. Ptero-

thorax broader than prothorax and about as long as broad.

Wings coriaceous, reaching to sixth abdominal segment ;

fringes short, especially at apices.

Abdomen almost as broad as pterothorax and somewhat

heavy ; narrowing to base of tube from the sixth segment;

wing-retaining bristles short. A peculiar brush-like patch on

lateral edges of metasternum, and similar but smaller patelies, —

composed of shorter and finer bristles, on lateral edges of the

abdominal segments 2 to 6, these patches diminishing in size

till those on segment 6 are scarcely perceptible. Spines

light-coloured and comparatively long, terminal hairs very

long.” Lube wi ile The apex of the ninth segment is

ventrally produced. Dorsal surface shining and very finely

striate, a broad belt at base of each segment very finely

reticulate. |

Type. One male in British Museum (ex coll. Saunders).

Hab. Dorey, New Guinea (Wallace).

Thysanoptera (Tubulifera) from Papua. 361

Macrothrips dubius, sp.n. (Pl. XV. figs. 12-14.)

9. Length 7 mm., breadth of mesothorax about 1°5 mm.

Colour and general form as in MZ. papuensis.

Head only twice as long as broad, sides parallel, not

narrowed behind eyes, very finely and transversely striate ;

postocular spines present, but tubercles absent or obsolete ;

space between eyes wider ; ocellz similar, but posterior pair

placed well above the line of the posterior margin of eyes.

Prothorax more gradually raised, with the disk less defined

and the posterior edge comparatively narrower and not nearly

so strongly or evenly sculptured. Anterior legs small; femora

thickened, simple; each tibia with a very small straight

tooth shortly before the apex within; tarsal tooth long and

narrow. Head and legs more sparsely setose. Tore cowa

simple, armed with a long spine. Wings reaching to seventh

abdominal segment. Zube much longer than head; terminal

hairs weak, but hairs on the ninth segment much longer than

the tube.

Type. One female in British Museum (ex coll. Saunders).

Hab. Dorey, New Guinea ( Wallace).

Genus ACANTHOTHRIPS, Uzel.

Head longer than broad ; cheeks with spine-bearing warts.

Antenne twice as Jong as head, intermediate joints elongate

and possessing sense-cones more than usually long. Mouth-

cone slender and much longer than its breadth at base. Fore

femora enlarged in both sexes, and, as a rule, each furnished

with one or two teeth at apex within ; tarsus armed with a

stout tooth. Wangs present in both sexes. Male without

scale at base of tube.

This genus was created by Uzel* for the reception of

Reuter’s Phalothrips nodicornis f, and more recently Hinds {

has described a second species, A. magnafemoralis, from a

single male taken at Miami, Florida.

The species about to be described, A. sanguineus, must be

provisionally regarded as belonging to this genus, though

the fore femora are not really characteristic of a true Acantho-

* ‘Monographie der Ordnung Thysanoptera,’ 1895, pp. 260-261, pl. iv.

fig. 28, pl. vil. tig. 145.

+ “Thysanoptera Fennica, I, Tubulifera,” Bidrag till Kinnedom af

Finlands Natur och Folk, 40, 1880, p. 16.

¢ “Contribution to a Monograph of the North-American Thysano-

ptera,” Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, vol, xxvi, pp. 199-200, pl. ix. figs. 98

& 94,

362 On some Thysanoptera (Tubulifera) from Papua.

thrins. 'To meet the case I have slightly modified the above

diagnoses, as it would be presumptuous to erect a new genus

on such slight grounds.

Acanthothrips sanguineus, sp.n. (PI. XV. fig. 15.)

3b. Length 2:9 mm.

General colour bright red, coxa (excepting fore pair, which

are red) and all femora stone-coloured, and all tibise and

tarsi testaceous.

Head at least one and one half times as long as wide, not

much longer than prothorax. Cheeks oradually widening

behind eyes and narrowing to the neck; set with three con-

spicuous lateral wart-set spines, two anterior and one posterior,

and with smaller anterior spines above the extreme lateral

row. yes fairly large and finely facetted. Ocedlv on raised

vertex, large, posterior pair above the centre line of eyes.

Antenne approximate, scarcely twice the length of head;

testaceous, the three basal and two apical joints dark , joints 4

to 6 suffused near apex with brown. First joint cylindrical,

second roughly globular, third obconical, dilated and much

broader than the others, as long as the two basal joints

together; fourth clavate, as long as third but much narrower ;

fifth clavate, slightly shorter than fourth; sixth to eighth

almost filiform. Spznes and sense-cones lightly coloured,

long and slender.

Prothoraz about two-thirds the length of head, widening

rapidly to beyond middle and then more gradually to base.

Surface roughened: and dull, a few rather large rounded-off

elevations unevenly scattered over dorsal surface. Ptero-

thorax wider than prothorax. Wangs longand slender. Legs

fairly long; fore femora much broadened and each armed

with a long, sharp, and slightly curved tooth from the base

within; fore tibies bent outwards at base, rather long and

slender, and thickened towards apex; tarsus armed with a

sharp tooth. Hind and intermediate legs comparatively

long and slender. All femora set with minute spine-sot

warts.

Abdomen much depressed, broadened laterally, and con-

verging gradually from sixth segment to base of tube. Tube

little more than one-half the length of head, hairs encircling

tip short. Abdominal spines rather short and blunt.

Type. One male in British Museum (ex coll. Saunders).

Hab. Dorey, New Guinea (Wallace).

Anir.& Mag. Nat. Hist. §.8.Vot.I. PU. XVI.

J.Green lith.

On a Species of Palemon from Sydney. 363

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XIV.

. Mecynothrips wallacet, gen. et sp... d. a, showing expansion

of wings.

Ditto. Lateral view of fore- -part of head.

Ditto. Antenna.

Ditto. Apex of fourth antennal joint, showing sense-cones.

Ditto. Prolongation of anterior thoracic angle.

Ditto. Left fore leg from below.

. Ditto. Intermediate leg (right) from above.

. Ditto. Ninth abdominal segment and tube.

CONDOR Oto

PLATE XY,

Fig. 9. Macrothrips papuensis, gen. et sp.n., d. Head, antenne, fore

legs, and prothorax.

Fg. 10, Ditto. Right fore coxa from above.

4g. 11. Ditto. Apical prolongation of ninth abdominal segment, viewed

from above (tube removed).

Fig. 12. Macrothrips dubius, sp.n., 2. Right fore leg from above.

Fig. 18. Ditto. Right fore coxa from above.

Fig. 14, Ditto. Tube.

Fig. 15. Acanthothrips sanguineus, sp. u., ¢. Head, antenne, fore legs,

and prothorax.

LIX.— Description of a Species of Palemon from near

Sydney, probably either a new Species or the Adult Form

of Paleemon (Kupalemon) dane, LHeller. By Dr. J.G.

DE MAN, of lerseke (Holland).

[Plate XVI.]

? Palemon dane, Heller, Crustaceen der Novara-Reise, 1865,

p. 120, pl. xi. fig. 3.

Palemon ornatus, Haswell, Catalogue of the Australian Stalk-

and Sessile-eyed Crustacea, 1882, p. 196 (nec Pal. orna-

tus, Oliv.) (teste McCulloch).

Some time ago Mr. Allan R. McCulloch, of the Australian

Museum, Sydney, sent me a specimen of a species of the

genus Palemon from the neighbourhood of Sydney for

examination, with the remark that it was a good representative

of the species determined by Haswell as Pal. ornatus, Oliv.

According to McCulloch, it is not uncommon in Queensland

and New South Wales.

Our species belongs to the subgenus Hupalemon, and is

364 Dr. J. G. de Man on a Spectes of

closely related to Pal. (Hupal.) lonyipes, de Haan, from

Japan, and to Pal. (Hupal.) wolterstorfi, Nob., from Surabaya,

Java.

This specimen, which is a male, apparently adult, is

118 mm. long from tip of rostrum to the end of the telson;

the carapace, rostrum included, measures ? of the whole

length, viz.46mm. The stout large rostrum (PI. XVI. fig. 1)

is lanceolate and reaches to midway between the tips of the

antennal scales and those of the spine at the far end of their

outer margins. The rostrum rises with a crest just in front

of the middle of the carapace and projects straight forward ;

the upper margin is slightly convex above the eyes and is

armed with ten comparatively small teeth, of which three

are on the carapace: the distance between the first and

second teeth is one third longer than that between the second

and third ; the second to eighth teeth are equidistant, but

the penultimate tooth is a little farther from the ante-

penultimate than are the preceding teeth from one another,

and the penultimate tooth is placed also a little nearer to the

tip of the rostrum than to the antepenultimate tooth; the

foremost tooth, finally, which is smaller than the preceding,

stands close to the tip. In this specimen the tip of the

rostrum projects horizontally forward, but Mr. McCulloch

wrote me that in some specimens the point may be a little

bent upwards, in others the upper margin of the rostrum

may be straight, and he says that the form and the

length of the rostrum are variable. The slightly arcuate

ascending part of the lower margin bears five equidistant

teeth, which are a little smaller than those of the upper; the

first tooth is situated just below the sixth of the upper

margin, the fifth just below the penultimate tooth; the

fifth tooth is therefore a little farther from the point of the

rostrum than from the fourth. Whereas the rostrum proper

is 19°5 mm. long, it is 5°5 mm. high, only 34 times as long

as high; it shows therefore a rather stout shape. At the

level of the first tooth of the lower margin that part which is

situated above the lateral crest appears once and a half as

high as that below it.

Antennular peduncles much shorter than the scapho-

cerites, reaching to midway between the fourth and fifth

teeth of the lower edge.

Hepatic spine situated just behind the antennal spine,

a little below it.

By means of a magnifying-glass one observes here and

there on the carapace a few microscopical spinules of a

yellow-brown colour (fig. 1) ; these spinules, only 0°16 mm.

Palemon from near Sydney. 365

long, are not sharp, but rather obtuse. Twenty or thirty

of these spinules are seen just behind the hepatic spine,

some occur also on the latter and on the crest of the antennal

spine ; several spinules are, moreover, scattered on the upper

border of the carapace between the base of the rostrum and

the posterior margin ; the posterior branchial regions are,

however, quite smooth. It is, of course, impossible to say

whether these spinules are indeed always so _ sparse, or

whether in this specimen they are worn off. Similar spinules

occur close to the postero-inferior angles of the second to fifth

abdominal pleura, as also on the tergum of the sixth somite,

though they are here rather scanty, but the telson and the

endopodite of the caudal fan are thickly covered with them ;

they exist, finally, also on the basal joint and on the hardened

outer part of the exopodite.

The telson no doubt usually ends in an acute point, but the

latter appears in our specimen, unfortunately, mutilated.

McCulloch wrote me that the acuteness of the telson, which

latter is sometimes almost rounded, is variable, and that the

Jatero-terminal spines are sometimes wanting: in my opinion

all such specimens are mutilated. In our specimen the

Jatero-terminal spines, of which the inner are much longer

than the outer, are well developed, as also the two pairs of

spinules on the upper surface of the telson.

External maxillipedes reaching to the end of the penulti-

mate joint of the antennular peduncles. The legs of the

first pair are smooth and project with half their carpi beyond

the tip of the antennal scales ; the carpi (17 mm.) are about two

and a half times as long as the chelee (6°5 mm.), of which the

fingers are a little shorter than the palm.

The legs of the second pair are equal, 187 mm. long, more

than once and a half as long as the body, and four times as

long as the carapace, rostrum included. The meri (fig. 2),

31 mm. long, project two thirds of their length beyond

the tip of the scaphocerites. The meri gradually thicken,

though at first very slowly, towards their distal extremity ;

looked at from above they appear to be 3 mm. thick at their

proximal extremity, 38°25 mm. in the middle, and 3°9 mm. at

the distal end, so that they are just eight times as long ag

thick at their distal extremity. The carpi (fig. 8), 58 mm.

long, are exactly as long as all the preceding joints taken

together and almost twice as long as the meri; viewed trom

above these very slender joints appear to be 2°75 mm. broad

at their proximal extremity, 3 mm. in the middle, and 4:2 mm.

at the distal end, so that the carpi are just fourteen times

as long as broad at the distal extremity. ‘Lhe Carpi are

366 Dr. J. G. de Man on a Species of

cylindrical and, but for the proximal fourth part, gradually

thicken to the distal articulation ; they are not quite straight,

but slightly curved inward at their proximal fourth, the inner

margin appearing here, therefore, slightly concave, the outer

slightly convex. The chela, also very slender, is 71 mm.

long, about one fourth longer than the carpus; the palm,

52 mm. long, is but little shorter than the carpus and almost

three times as long as the fingers, which measure 19 mm.

Just in the middle the palm is 3 mm. broad, exactly as broad

as the carpus in the middle; near the carpal articulation it is

3°25 mm. broad, appearing here a little less broad than the

far end of the carpus; near the articulation of the fingers,

finally, the palm is 3°7 mm. broad and 2°75 mm. thick,

so that it appears here slightly compressed. Just in the

middle the palm is also 2°75 mm. thick, and near the carpal

articulation 3 mm., so that the palm may be described as

cylindrical. Viewed from above (fig. 3) the fingers appear

slightly curved inward. The immobile finger (fig. 4) very

slightly narrows towards the tip, appearing near the latter

hardly less broad than at its base ; the dactylus, which is a

little longer, tapers more distinctly, and appears therefore

near the tip narrower than the immobile finger. At one

third of its length from the articulation (figs. 4 & 5) the

dactylus bears a small conical tooth, and midway between

this tooth and the articulation another, also conical though

somewhat compressed and more acute tooth, which is a little

larger ; immediately behind the distal tooth of the dactylus

the immobile finger is armed with a somewhat larger conical

and acute tooth, and between this tooth and the articulation

with a long prominence, which is subdivided into five small

teeth, of which the distal one is the largest, conical, like the

fourth, which is smaller, whereas the first three are the

smallest of all (fig. 5). The inner margins of the fingers are

covered with felted hairs, which, as Mr. McCulloch informs

me, may be very dense or almost absent. Palm and fingers

carry (fig. 6) on their inner margin a double row of small

subacute spinules similar to those of the body and 0°2 mm.

long; similar spinules, though much smaller, are distributed

on the upper and lower surtace and on the outer margin of

palm and fingers, those on the outer margin being also

arranged in two rows. On the inner half of its surface the

carpus 1s sparsely covered with similar subacute spinules as

the palm, which are a little larger, viz. 0°28 mm. ; those on

the outer half are much smaller, but much more crowded.

The spinules with which the merus is covered are of the

same size as the larger ones of carpus and chela, except on

Paleemon from near Sydney. 367

the upper border, where they are much smaller and rare.

The upper border of the ischium-joints (fig. 2) is quite smooth,

but the lower border and the sides are rather sparsely covered

with subacute spinules. The second legs are glabrous, except

the fingers.

The third legs (fig. 7) project with three-fifth parts of

their propodites beyond the antennal scales; the propodites

(16°5 mm.) are three times as Jong as the dactyli (5 mm )

and little shorter than the meropodites (17°5 mm.). The

fourth legs are little shorter and extend with two fifths

of their propodites beyond the scaphocerites ; those of the

fifth pair with one third of the penultimate joints. These

legs are rather slender. The meropodites of the third legs,

-which are 17:5 mm. long, are 1'5 mm. broad in the middle,

measured on their outer side, so that they are nearly twelve

times as long as broad; the propodites, 16°5 mm. long, are

1 mm. broad, sixteen and a half times as long as broad.

Along their lower margin the propodites of the third legs

bear a row of eleven or twelve spinules which are 0°42 mm.

long, whereas their upper border appears a little hairy and

covered, not very thickly, with small stout spinules only

0°12 mm. long, the acute tip of which is curved forward.

The carpi and the meropodites are also covered with similar

microscopical spinules, except on their outer surface, which

is nearly smooth.

Pal. (Hupalemon) longipes, de Haan (confer de Man, in

Zoolog. Jahrb. ix. Abth. f. Syst. 1897, p. 770, and x. 1898,

pl. xxxvii. fig. 69), differs from our species in the following

characters :—The carapace of de Haan’s species is almost

everywhere covered with thickly crowded acute spinules ;

the rostrum is shorter, more strongly convex above the eyes,

and the lower edge bears only two or three teeth, which are

placed on the distal half. The carpus of the second legs

appears shorter in proportion to the merus, being little more

than once and a half as long; the carpus appears quite

straight and less slender, for it is only nine or ten times as

long as thick at the distal end. The proportion between the

length of the chela (which, like the carpus, has also a less

slender shape than in our Sydney species) and the length of

merus and carpus is nearly the same in both species, but the

fingers of Pal. longipes are slightly longer, not shorter (but

a little longer), than half the length of the palm. Both species

are, however, easily distinguished by the three posterior legs,

which in the Japanese species are shorter and with less slender

meropodites ; the third legs of Pal. longipes, e. g., project

368 Dr. J. G. de Man on a Species of

with only their dactyli beyond the scaphocerites, and their

meropodites are only seven times instead of twelve times as

long as broad (compare de Man, /. c. fig. 69¢, with fig. 7 of

this paper).

The examination of the type specimen of Pal. (Hupalemon)

wolterstorfi, Nob., kindly sent me by the Directors of the

Museum at Magdeburg, enables me to add the following to

Dr. Nobili’s description in Bollet. Mus. Zoolog. di Torino,

vol. xv. no. 379 (1900).

The palm of the left (larger) chelipede, 46 mm. long, is

4:7 mm. broad near the articulation of the fingers, 4°8 mm. in

the middle, and 4°9 mm. near the carpal articulation; the

palm is 46 mm. thick in the middle. The carpus, 52 mm.

long, is 5'4 mm. broad at the distal extremity, 3°75 mm. in

the middle, and 2°8 mm. at the proximal end; this joint is

5 mm. thick at the distal extremity. The carpus of the right

leg, 43 mm. long, is 4 mm. broad and as many thick at the

distal extremity; it is 2°75 mm. broad in the middle and

23 mm. near the proximal extremity. The palm, 34 mm.

Jong, appears 3°5 mm. broad near the articulation of the

fingers, 3 mm. in the middle, whereas the slightly thickened

proximal ae is also 3°5 mm. broad; the palm is

2‘9 mm. thick in the middle. The regularly and distinetly

tapering dactylus of the larger chelipede carries on evther side

and close to the cutting-edge (which is not at all prominent),

between the tip of the finger and the second tooth (which is

conical, compressed, and slightly larger than the first or basal

tooth), eight or nine small obtuse tubercles, which much resemble

those of Pal. elegans, de M., a species also inhabiting the

island of Java. ‘lhe immobile finger also gradually narrows

towards the tip ; its cutting-edge is more distinct, and one

sees close to it, though only on one (namely, the lower)

side, eight similar small tubercles. ‘The fingers are glabrous

and are almost smooth above and below. ‘The distal tooth of

the immobile finger is considerably larger than the teeth of

the dactylus, but also acute and conical, and the elongate

prominence close to the articulation is divided into four sinall

obtuse teeth, which increase in size from the first or proximal

one to the fourth. -

The fingers of the smaller chelipede agree with those of

the other. ‘lhe dactylus carries, close to the cutting-edge, on

the lower side of the chela, eight, on the upper side six

tubercles, similar to those of the larger leg; the immobile

finger bears seven of these tubercles on the lower side and

one only on the upper side of the chela, close to the more

Palemon from near Sydney. 369

distinct cutting-edge. The legs of the third pair reach with

their dactyli beyond the tip of the antennal scales. The

meropodite of these legs is 15 mm. long and 1°5 mm. thick

(or broad) on its outer side, appearing thus ten times as long

as broad. The three following joints, measured from articu-

lation to articulation, are respectively 7 mm., 13°53 mm., and

4 mm. long; the propodites are 0°84 mm. broad in the middle

of their outer side, appearing sixteen times as long as broad.

The larger chelipede closely resembles that of Pal. (Hupal.)

longipes, de Haan (vide de Man, J. c. 1898, fig. 69a), as

regards length and breadth of the joints, but both carpus and

palm are slightly curved in the Java species, and the charac-

teristic tubercles on the fingers are wanting on those of Pal.

longipes. ‘The latter species also differs in its less slender

meropodites of the three posterior legs, in the shape and

characters of the rostrum, &c.

Our Sydney species at first sight differs from Pal, wolter-

storfi by the considerably more slender legs of the second

pair; the palm appears almost straight, and the fingers, which

are comparatively shorter, do not gape at all and, although

the characteristic small tubercles are wanting, are more or

less covered with felted havrs near their cutting-edges.

Pal. (Hupal.) acanthosoma, Nob. (in § Annali Mus. Civico

di Storia Natur. di Genova,’ ser. 28, vol. xx. (xi.), Nov. 1899,

p. 242), from Katau, New Guinea, may prove to be identical

with our species from Queensland and New South Wales;

but this question cannot be decided, because the legs of the

second pair are unknown. In my opinion it is not advisable

to describe species of this difficult genus when the legs of

the second pair are wanting.

Another species from Sydney was described by me in

Zoolog. Jahrb, 11. Abth. £. Syst. 1888, p.711. This species,

probably identical with Ortmann’s Pal. australis (op. cit. v.

1890, p. 708), differs from that described in this paper by

the legs of the second pair.

The specimen received from Mr. McCulloch may, however,

eventually prove to be the adult male of Pal. (Eupal.) dane,

Heller, a species discovered by the ‘ Novara’ Expedition also

at Sydney, about which the late Dr. Koelbel has furnished

some interesting observations taken from the two type

specimens, a male and a female, in the Museum at Vienna

(vide de Man, in Max Weber’s ‘ Zool. Ergebnisse,’ ii. 1892,

p. 438, footnote). ‘The second legs of the female are wanting,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 24

370 Mr. C. T. Regan on a

but the male still bore the right leg ; of this leg, merus,

carpus, palm, and fingers were respectively 71 mm., 10°3 mm.,

64 mm., and 4°5 mm. long. According to these measure-

ments the leg of the second pair has probably been wrongly

shown in fig. 3 of plate xi. of the ‘ Novara-Reise,’ for in

that figure the chela appears once and a half as long as the

carpus; the palm appears probably too broad. ‘The rostrum

appears in that figure a little longer and more slender than

in our adult male, but, as has already been observed, the

form and the length of the rostrum are variable in our species ;

the fact that the lower margin bears only three teeth may be

a juvenile character, Heller’s species being only 70mm. long.

According to Koelbel the dactylus of the second legs should

carry five teeth near the articulation, the immobile finger

hardly traces of two, or, perhaps, three small teeth—Just the

contrary of what is seen in our male.

The examination of a series of specimens of different ages

is therefore necessary to decide this question of identity.

Should, however, our species eventually prove to be

different from Pal. dane, the name of Pal. (Hupal.) nove-

hollandie is proposed for it.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.

2g. 1. Lateral view of rostrum and carapace, X 2.

Ig. 2. [schium and merus, x 14.

vg. 3. Carpus and chela of the right leg of the second pair, x 14.

‘ig. 4. Fingers of the same leg, x 2.

Fig. 5. Toothing of these fingers, x 4.

Ing. 6. View of a part of the palm of the same leg, just in the middle, the

inner margin being at the left hand, x 12.

Fig. 7. Leg of the third pair, x 2.

LX.—Description of a new Cichlid Fish of the Genus

Heterogramma from Demerara. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A.

Heterogramma steindachnert, sp. n.

Depth of body 22 to 22 in the length, length of head 24

to 8. Snout as long as diameter of eye, which is 34 to 3} in

the length of head and equal to or a little greater than the

interorbital width ; depth of preeorbital 2 to 2 the diameter of

eye. Maxillary reaching the vertical from anterior edge of

eye; Jaws equal anteriorly; fold of the lower lip continuous ;

cheek with 3 or 4 series of scales; not more than 5 or 6

new Cichlid Fish from Demerara. 371

gill-rakers of the outer series on the lower part of the anterior

arch. Scales 24 =; upper lateral line extending to below

end of spinous dorsal, from which it is separated by 1 or 14

series of scales for most of its course. Dorsal XV 7, the

spines increasing in length to the last, which is more than 4

the length of head ; twelfth spine equal to or a little more than

z the length of head. Anal III 6; third spine less than 4

the length of head. Pectoral a little shorter than the head,

Heterogramma steindachnert.

extending to above the origin of anal. Caudal rounded ;

caudal peduncle deeper thanlong. Brownish; a dark lateral

stripe from eye to base of caudal; a dark stripe from eye to

upper lip, another from eye to interoperculum ; dark cross-

bands on the posterior part of the body ; vertical fins dusky ;

membrane between first three spines of the dorsal blackish ;

posterior part of soft dorsal and anal with oblique stripes ;

caudal with transverse stripes and with a dark spot at the

base.

Hab. Georgetown, Demerara.

Two specimens, 70 and 75 mm. in total length.

Closely allied to A. agassizii, Stdr., and to H. amenum,

Cope, which have a different coloration, whilst the former is

also distinguished by the more slender form, the latter by the

lower spinous dorsal fin. This is probably the species

described from the Amazon by Steindachner (Sitzungsb. Ak.

Wien, lxxi. 1875, p. 115) as Geophagus ten/atus, Gthr., but

which differs from the last-named species in the deeper body,

shorter fin-spines, smaller eye, &c.

372 On a new Fish from Chile.

LXI.—Deseription of a new Fish of the Genus Galaxias

from Chile. By C. Tate Recan, M.A.

Galaxias bullocki.

Depth of body about 5 in the length, length of head 4 to 44,

Snout a little shorter than eye, the diameter of which is 34 in

the length of head and less than the interorbital width.

Mouth oblique ; jaws equal anteriorly or the lower a little

projecting ; maxillary extending to below anterior edge or

anterior + of eye; nocanineteeth. 6 branchiostegals; about

10 gill-rakers on the lower part of the anterior arch. Dorsal

9-11. Anal 13-16. Origin of anal well in advance of that

of the dorsal; posterior end of base of anal vertically below

that of the dorsal. Pectoral extending about 4 of the

distance from its base to that of the ventral. Ventrals

5-rayed, originating at a point.a little nearer to the end of

snout than to the base of caudal. Caudal emarginate.

Caudal peduncle much longer than deep. Greenish; a

broad orange longitudinal band along the lower half of the

side; fins pale or tinged with orange.

Hab. Maguehue, Temuco, Southern Chile.

Numerous examples, measuring up to 60 mm. in total

length, received from Mr, D. 8. Bullock, who obtained them

on April 6, 1907, from a pool of muddy water left by a

dried-up creek.

This species differs from all others of the genus in having

the origin of the anal fin in advance of that of the dorsal and

the ventral fins 5-rayed.

In my “ Revision of the Galaxiide”’ (Proc. Zool. Soe.

1905, u. p. 863) six South-American species of Galaxias

were recognized as valid. The only one since described,

G. titcombi, Hverm. & Kendall (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxxi.

1907, p. 92, fig.), from the Rio Traful, Argentina, is, in my

opinion, a synonym of G. platez, Stdr.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 5. MAY 1908.

LXII.—Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. An-

drews.—No. X XIX. pa Prof. M‘Inrosu, M.D., LL.D.,

PRis., Kc.

(Plate XVIL.]

. On a Tumour in a Plaice.

. On the British Opheliide, Scalibregmide, and Telethuse.

On the same Families in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expeditions of 1869 and

1870.

. On the foregoing Families dredged by Dr. Whiteaves in the Gulf of

St. Lawrence, Canada.

. On the same Groups dredged in Norwegian Waters and in Finmark by

Canon Norman.

nO e wr

1. On a Tumour in a Place.

On the 13th November, 1907, a fisherman (James Gourlay)

brought a plaice about 104 inches in length and normal in

coloration which presented on the right side above the lateral

line an elongated elastic swelling. ‘The tumour was some-

what irregularly elevated, and at first sight it resembled,

from the irregular prominences, the condition resulting from

an injured or diseased spine. On the left or white surface

the tumour was more uniformly elevated, forming an elon-

gate-ovoid mass 3} inches in its long or antero-posterior

diameter, and 14 ineh in its transverse at the widest part,

which was median. It was slightly narrowed at each end

and of the same soft elastic nature as on the dorsum. On

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 25

374. Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

section the tumour appeared to be more or less gelatinous, a

pale fluid and blood escaping, and it was easily pierced by a

blunt knife. It had hollowed out for itself an elongated

cavity on the left side, extending over at least 20 neural

spines, from 12 to 14 0f which were distinctly curved, and this

was deepest in front, where the densest part of the mass was,

and moreover showed signs of degeneration with effusion of

blood. The spines in this area had an unusually distinct

convexity to the right. The upward (to the right) pressure

of the tumour had by-and-by caused a portion to protrude

between two neural spines, enlarging the space, and then it

had spread over an area corresponding to four neural spines.

The soft gelatinous nature of the tumour appeared to make

the passage easy, and no affection of the bony tissues

occurred. The tumour could be enucleated from the cavity,

though muscular fibres and connective tissue slightly adhered

to its capsule. Microscopically * the mass consisted of a vast

number of small areolz, with intervening small cells, appa-

rently rapidly proliferating, the whole richly supplied with

minutely ramified blood-vessels. The areole varied much in

size, and in the sections appeared to be empty, the fluid or

semifluid contents probably having escaped, and minute

nuclei occurred in their walls. Larger nuclei abounded in

the general cellular stroma, with traces of fibrillation.

Moreover, larger cavities, surrounded by definite and more

deeply stained walls, existed here and there, the contents being

a minutely granular and apparently coagulable fluid without

nuclei and occasionally with effused blood. Such probably

was the gelatinous fluid which exuded on section. Other

spaces presented sections of large blood-vessels, but these

were less defined than those without blood-vessels and may

have been partly caused by manipulation. In certain small

areas the blood-vessel was kept zm situ by bands of tissue

radiating from the wall. The minute cells seemed to be in a

‘transparent gelatinous matrix which lent cohesion when

portions were separated by dissection, and also gave a streaked

or fibroid aspect to the sections.

So far as could be observed the tumour, though apparently

of tolerably rapid growth, did not affect the surrounding

tissues, since the muscular fibres could readily be separated

from its capsule, and there was no affection of the bony

structures, ‘The rapid proliferation of the cells appeared to

be confined within the capsule, whilst the yielding mass

* I am indebted to Dr, J. R, Tosh for excellent sections variously

stained.

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 375

pushed the latter before it to the upper (right) side, where

expansion was making progress at the time of capture. On

the whole it seemed to belong to the group of the myxoma or

mucous tissue tumours, the great proportion of cells in its

structure giving it the character of a medullary myxoma.

Whether eventually it might have shown more harmful

characters is conjectural, though its vascularity and the rapid

cell-crowth gave it a tendency to trouble in this respect.

The fish was fairly well nourished and had recently taken

food.

2. On the British Opheliide, Scalibregmidee, and

Telethuse.

In Dr. Johnston’s Catalogue of the Collection in the

British Museum the foregoing families are placed under the

division Limivora, but it is doubtful if it would be distinctive

to consider that in such a formas Ophelia the dissimilar rings

divided the annelid into head, thorax, and abdomen, or that

there was no proboscis.

The most conspicuous representative of the first family is

Ophelia limacina, H. Rathke, which frequents such sandy

bays as that of St. Andrews in numbers, and is tossed on

shore in violent storms as an inert reddish-pink worm which

exhibits comparatively little motion on irritation, though it

is not devoid of hardihood. Almost all the examples thus

stranded are adult, so that the habits or habitat of the young

would seem to be different, and yet both abound in the

stomach of the haddock. ‘The feet are about thirty-four in

number, the first ten having the pale iridescent bristles

supported by a fillet in front and behind, but at the eleventh

foot the posterior fillet is dorsally much enlarged as a lamella

behind the bristles, and from it the long, tapering, branchial

cirrus extends. ‘The bristles are long, simple, longitudinally

striated, and arranged in two tufts, the dorsal considerably

longer than the ventral, and both curving outward and back-

ward, ‘lhe body diminishes abruptly posteriorly and ends in

a vent surrounded by about a dozen short cirri, two on the

ventral surface being much larger and in life coloured of a

deep red hue. The range of this species is wide, viz. from

Britain to Norway and Greenland, and, like other annelids,

it is a favourite tood of fishes,

A small form (which may provisionally be termed Ophelia

rathker) dredged by the late Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys in Valentia

Harbour apparently adds another species to Britain. The

25*

376 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

head is somewhat similar to that of Ophelia limacina, the

snout being acutely conical, and the mouth forming a trans-

verse slit behind it, as in that species. The enlarged anterior

region of the body is longer in proportion to the rest, and

there are only about twenty-three bristled segments, instead

of thirty-five as in O. limacina. The branchie are propor-

tionally shorter and do not quite reach the tail. The tail

diverges, for it presents only a few blunt cirri dorsally and a

rounded median and two short lateral cirri ventrally. When

viewed from the rear this region shows a series of short blunt

cirri, about nine in number, forming an arch over the large

median bluntly rounded papilla on the ventral surface. One |

of the cirri forming the arch had a slender terminal process

or papilla distally, but it is uncertain whether the others had

such. The structure of the caudal region thus differs from

that of Ophelia limacina, and is not a stage in the develop-

ment of that form, nor does it approach that of Ophelia

neglecta, Aimé Schneider, or other form. The structure of

the foot is similar to that of the species just mentioned, with

a shorter branchial cirrus, and beneath it two tufts of simple

bristles. The example is a female with large ova in the

coelomic cavity in July.

Even more generally distributed than Ophelia limacina is

the next form, viz. Ammotrypane aulogaster, H. R., which

ranges along both eastern and western coasts of Britain and

extends far north. Instead of the anterior region being devoid

of a groove, as in O. limacina, in the present form the entire

body is deeply grooved ventrally from end to end, and the

setigerous region bears a single tuft of simple bristles, a large

dorsal cirrus (branchia), and a small ventral cirrus. The anus

terminates in a scoop-shaped hood opening ventrally, and with

four cirri along each border, a pair of larger and rather thick

cirfi at its base, and with a slender cirrus between them.

A genus not hitherto known in Britain is Armandia,

Filippi *, an example of which was dredged amongst sandy

mud off one of the small islets in the Sound of Harris in

1872. It has been provisionally termed A. robertiane. In

this the head is obtuse and rounded, somewhat like that of

Ammotrypanella arctica, M‘I.t, marked dorsally by a con-

striction, whilst ventrally the prominent ridges of the ventral

longitudinal muscles leave only a small free rim at the snout.

* Arch. per la Zool. l’Anat. e Fisolog. Genova, 1861, vol. i. p. 215.

+ Trans. Linn. Soc. 2nd ser, vol. i, p. 505, pl. Ixv. fig. 12. —

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 377

Minute nuchal organs are present on each side just in front

of the termination of the lateral groove, but they are only

distinct in life. The body is about 14 mm. in length, some-

what short and thick, tapered at each extremity, rounded

dorsally and grooved ventrally, the powerful ventral longi-

tudinal muscles forming a conspicuous ridge on each side,

almost from end to end. The mouth opens as a small pit

behind the isthmus of the longitudinal muscles towards the

tip of the snout. The colour of the dorsum is greenish

speckled with dark brownish points, a dark central transverse

bar occurring at intervals, so as to give the dorsum a

_segmented appearance. Much of this pigment remains in the

spirit-preparation. ‘The ventral surface is pale greenish.

The posterior end is abruptly diminished to an upturned

caudal process, which is terminated by a slightly oblique

border (the slope trending from below upward and forward)

furnished with short and somewhat clavate cirri, two being

dorsal and two ventral besides two or three lateral, the most

conspicuous pair being the ventral. These form a fringe to

the anal aperture, which thus opens into a small funnel.

The diminished caudal region is marked by closely arranged

circular striz.

In the groove above each ventral ridge of the longitudinal

muscles is a series of dark brown pigment-spots (so-called

eyes) at regular intervals, but no bristles are visible except

in the posterior region, where from five to seven tufts of

slender curved glistening bristles form a fringe on each

side, sloping downward and backward. Moreover, upon the

narrow caudal process a few bristles occur distally on the

sides, but their origin is uncertain. The bristles are trans-

lucent, taper to a fine point, and do not show evident

striations. Small tufts occur considerably in front of those

mentioned above, but are only visible under the microscope.

Like its congeners, it is an inhabitant of muddy sand and

swims through the water actively like an eel.

Whilst the caudal region somewhat resembles that of

De St. Joseph’s Armandia dolljussi *, it differs in the struc-

ture of the head, which in the French species has a slender

process (tentaculaire mince, De St. Joseph), in the absence of

cirri, and in the inconspicuous nature of the bristles.

Another species new to Britain is Polyophthalmus pictus,

which comes from various parts of the west coast of Ireland,

from Kerry to Galway, and is well known on the French and

* Ann, Sc. Nat. 8° sér. t, xvill, p. 114, pl. vi. figs. 148-151,

378 Prof. M'Intosh’s Notes from the

other southern coasts. The bluntly rounded head usually in

the preparations is devoid of eyes, though three are described

by De St. Joseph *, but has well-marked nuchal organs, each

of which occasionally projects as a papilla on each side. In

some examples the head is paler than the succeeding region

and shows a pigment-speck (eye) on each side in front of the

brown band at the neck.. The body is about an inch in

length, rounded dorsally and grooved ventrally, tapered at

each end, especially posteriorly, where the caudal process

forms a short cone with a few short terminal cirri (De St.

Joseph says from eight to twelve unequal cirri). Dorsally

the body shows about twenty-eight or thirty transverse brown

bars, with a fine dusting of the same pigment between and

beyond them. ‘The bars seem to have a definite position, a

line drawn from their extremities striking the middle of each

space between the so-called eyes, and they thus nearly agree

with the number of segments mentioned by De St. Joseph,

viz. about thirty. These pigment-spots are the eyes of some

and the photogenic organs of Hesse and Benham. They

vary, according to De St. Joseph, from ten to sixteen, and

commence on the seventh segment. ‘The densest dusting of

pigment appears to occur on the anterior and posterior ends, the

base of the caudal process, indeed, having a continuous brown

blotch. No example has a complete series of pigment-spots

(eyes), for they have been more or less bleached by long

preservation.

Though at first sight the bristles are not evident, yet they

occur in a rudimentary condition in each segment as minute

tufts of simple tapering bristles, best seen towards the caudal

region. De St. Joseph, who had the opportunity of ex-

amining living specimens, observes that the bristles form

dorsal and ventral tufts with the intermediate lateral organ of

Meyer.

Grube, Filippi, and Claparéde’s view that this form is

only a genus of the Opheliide would appear to be reasonable.

It resembles the Opheliide in general aspect, in the iridescent

skin, in the arrangement of the ventral longitudinal muscles,

in the presence of the ventral groove between them and the

lateral groove above them, as well as in the form of the

caudal process and its papilla. It is further interesting to

note how closely the structure of the body-wall in Polygordius

approaches that in the present group, as shown long ago, and

as De St. Joseph more recently corroborates,

* Ann, Sc. Nat, 8¢ sér. t. v. p. 386 (1898).

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 379

The widely distributed genus Travisia of Dr. Johnston,

which ranges from Greenland to Kerguelen, is usually asso-

ciated with the Opheliide, and for the present no objection is

necessary. The common form, Travista forbesi, occurs in

great stretches of sand and sandy mud both on the east and

the west coasts, from Shetland to St. Andrews, and ranges to

Greenland and other northern waters. In five examples

from Greenland the anterior runs into the posterior region

without marked distinction, except the gradual disappearance

of rings on the segments. Moreover, the total number of

segments seems to be smaller than stated by Dr. Johnston,

viz. from twenty-five to twenty-eight. In life the British

form has a uniform pinkish colour, paler or straw-coloured

laterally and posteriorly, and somewhat iridescent both

dorsally and ventrally. A coil of intestine which protruded

through arupture was gamboge-yellow. ‘he branchial cirrus

has astreak of red. This form is the Ammotrypane estrotdes

of H. Rathke and the Ophelia mammillata of Cirsted, both

of these describing it a little later than Johnston.

The arrangement of the family Scalibregmide has recently

been carefully attended to by Dr. Ashworth *, the two main

groups being: (1) Those in which the head has antero-lateral

tentacles, body enlarged anteriorly, feet (after the fifteenth)

prominent, with a laminate dorsal and a ventral cirrus; gills

on the anterior segments (Scalibregma) or none (Pseudo-

scalibregma). Ina subsection (B) the simple rounded feet

do not form laminate appendages, and the ventral cirri, if

present, are confined to the posterior region. Strong curved

bristles on the first bristled segment (Sclerochetlus and Asclero-

cheilus), (2) The head has a median groove; no tentacles ;

body maggot-like, feet represented by dorsal and ventral

papilla. No anal cirri. Gills on the anterior segments

present or absent (Humenia and Lipobranchus). Baron de

St. Joseph t had formerly grouped them into those with and

those without branchie.

Nowhere does Scalibregma inflatum, H. Rathke, an

example of the first group, flourish so well or attain so large

a size as in the Outer Hebrides, where it was known more

than forty years ago; yet its range is wide, for it is found on

the east as well as the west coast, and extends to Norway,

Spitzbergen, and Greenland. ‘The peculiar tessellated appear-

* Quart. Journ Micr. Sc. n.s. xlv. (1904).

+ Ann. Sc, Nat. 8° sér. t. xvii. p. 103.

380 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

ance of the rings, as if they were paved with minute red

bricks, is a characteristic feature, and was shown by Rathke ;

yet they disappear in imperfectly preserved examples, and

thus are absent from representations made from these. The

body is terminated by a papillose vent, beneath which are

four or five cirri, which are unusually long and slender in the

small Norwegian specimens dredged by Canon Norman. In

life the animal is of a dull brick-red throughout, the tessellated

portions being minutely dotted with yellow. ‘The posterior

region of the body is often discoloured from the contents of

the gut—being dull greyish, and thus throwing the paler lobes

of the feet into relief. A slight iridescence occurs on the

ventral surface, along which the large ventral blood-vessel

passes. ‘lhe branchie commence on the first bristled foot

and increase in size from the first to the fifth and last. In

small specimens from the west coast of Ireland only four

branchize are present, but as the first, even in a large example

in life, is very small, such may be due to retraction under

the surface. Moreover, certain forms agree in all respects

with the typical form, but the branchie are entirely absent,

and Dr. Ashworth states that he has observed the same

condition in a few American examples. It is a question

whether these should be regarded as specifically different.

The coloured sketch made from life in the Outer Hebrides in

1865 represents only four branchie.

The first bristles occur on the second body-segment, and

in this and the following four are borne on conical processes,

dorsally and ventrally, elevated on pads. The bristles are

finely iridescent and form slightly radiate tufts. The next

nine or ten are similar, but the pads are smaller. About the

fifteenth or sixteenth foot a dorsal and a ventral cirrus are

evident, and in the posterior region they form somewhat

lanceolate lobes with the setigerous process at the inner base

of each—that is, below the dorsal and above the ventral.

In addition, a series of furcate bristles occur in each foot, but

they scarcely project beyond the surface,

In this family is also Humenia (Lipobranchus) jeffreysit,

M‘I., as described in 1869, a species dredged off the

Hebrides and the Shetland Islands by Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys,

and it also extends to Norway and probably to other northern

regions. The specific distinction mainly rests on the absence

of branchie, and if these organs may be absent or present in

allied forms, such as Scalibregma, a reconsideration of the

subject may be necessary. A new form to Britain is Sclero-

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 381

cheilus minutus, Grube *, first found in the Adriatic in 17-35

fathoms by its discoverer. It was procured on a valve of

Pecten entangled by a trammel-net on the ground off Fermain

Bay, Guernsey, and also between tide-marks at Herm. In

this the head is furnished with two well-marked though not

long tentacles and two brownish-red ocular bands which form

an inverted “\ by unionin front. The body is about ? of an

inch in length, is somewhat fusiform, resembling a miniature

Scalibregma, slightly tapered anteriorly and more so poste-

riorly, the surface being minutely tessellated and marked by

transverse furrows. It is flanked by a series of short fooi-

lobes, with rather long tufts of pale resplendent bristles.

Posteriorly it terminates in an anal segment provided with

five slender cirri. ‘The body has a uniform dull brick-red

colour or very pale brownish red, more deeply tinted on the

dorsum here and there from the blood-vessel. The mouth

opens on the under surface of the peristomial segment as a

broad “N in the spirit-preparation, the angle directed forward.

The first segment is achetous. The second has dorsally a

foot-papilla bearing simple bristles, ventrally a papilla

holding a series (five or six) of stout simple bristles finely

tapered at the curved tip, though sometimes more or less

abraded. De St. Joseph associates these with the making

of its galleries in shells, just as in the case of the powerful

hooks on the fifth segment of Polydora. Their function,

whatever it may be, is certainly important, and they are

moved by special muscles. They are brownish by trans-

mitted light and have no longitudinal strie. ‘The next and

succeeding segments have simple curved bristles of a fine pale

golden sheen on the dorsal and ventral papille, which vary

somewhat in the different parts of the body, forming shorter

cones in front, longer posteriorly. At the base of these

bristles and just projecting beyond the skin is a series of bifid

forms, one limb of the fork being longer than the other, and

the inner edge in both limbs is spinous. ‘Towards the

twenty-second segment a slender cirrus, about a third the

diameter of the body at its longest, appears below the ventral

papilla. According to De St. Joseph its tip is furnished with

palpocils in life. |

This is a southern type so far as present examples go, but

it may yet be found on the western shores. It may have

been overlooked from its small size and obscure habits. It

bores actively with its snout amongst the mud.

* Arch. f. Naturges. xxix. i. p. 50 (1863), and ‘ Die Insel Lussin u.

ihre Meeresfauna,’ p. 80.

382 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

De St. Joseph * found it common on shell and oyster-

grounds frequented by Sabellaria spinulosa off Dinard and

St. Malo, at a depth of 7-25 métres, and corrected Grube’s

view of the ocular points.

The family Telethusez or Arenicolide is represented by

three species, viz. Arenicola marina, L., A. ecaudata, John-

ston, and A. grubet, Claparéde, as recently and excellently

described by Drs. Gamble and Ashworth in several publica-

tions, the first-mentioned representing the tailed group, the

two latter those in which the branchiz go to the posterior end.

Constantly sought on every suitable beach for bait, no marine

form could illustrate better than Arenicola marina’ the

permanence of such a marine type, notwithstanding man’s

efforts to destroy it. Yet it is always easily reached by

man, whereas the food-fishes have the wide ocean and all its

manifold arrangements as safeguards. ‘his species is

ubiquitous in its distribution on the British shores, whereas

A. ecaudata is a western and southern form, and so is

A. grubei. Several stages in the development of Arenicola

ecaudata may be referred to. The smallest example procured

between tide-marks at Lochmaddy, North Uist, in August,

measures about 4 mm. in spirit, but it would probably stretch

considerably more in life, As Dr. Ashworth points out, there

is no abrupt narrowing of the caudal region as in the pelagic

young of A. marina procured at St. Andrews in the bottom-

net. No branchie are present. The anterior rings are wide,

the posterior narrow. There are between fifty and sixty

bristled segments. The next stage is represented by a

specimen 7 mm. in length from the same locality and on the

same date. In front of the first bristle-tuft are the somewhat

large blunt prostomium and five rings. The setigerous lobes

are distinct, and the first gill arises on the sixteenth. As the

anterior segments are much broader than the posterior, the

branchial region occupies less than half the length and is

characterized by a deep furrow onthe dorsum. In the anterior

half a single ring is interpolated between the setigerous lobes,

but the feet are so crowded posteriorly that no more than one

ring to each segment is present at thisstage. ‘The branchia,

which number more than forty pairs, consist for the most part

of simple filaments or a pair of filaments, and they appear to

be largest anteriorly. ‘The bristles are proportionally longer

than in the adult and have a trace of a wing on each side.

* Ann, Sc. Nat, 8° sér, t. xvii. p. 104,

Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 383

The anus is median and is crenate from papillz, and several

of the caudal segments are devoid of gills.

The third stage, also obtained between tide-marks at Loch-

maddy in August, is about 11°5 mm. in length, and the same

general shape is maintained. It agrees with the form

described by Prof. P. Fauvel* in his disquisition on the

Clymenidian and Branchiomaldane stages in the development

of Arenicola. There are about forty pairs of gills, but the

caudal segments devoid of them are more numerous. Except

the first simple gill, all show secondary processes, especially

anteriorly, where they form short branched tufts. Moreover,

another example of the same length had somewhat longer

gills in front, whilst a third agreed with the first. ‘he

fourth stage is 16 mm. long, and the body is more attenuate.

It also was found in August at Salthill, Co. Dublin. The

pigment is boldly marked anteriorly, the snout in front of

the nuchal grooves being dark brownish (in spirit), whilst

the pale grooves form a broad \/ with the concavity forward.

A dark brown belt succeeds, with a paler area behind. Then

three blackish-brown segments follow, whilst the rest of the

body is pale brown. The bristle-tufts and the rows of hooks

are respectively marked by pale areas and pale bands, the

latter continuing a considerable distance along the posterior

or branchial region, which is now nearly half the entire

length. The gills are longer and more distinctly branched.

3. On the same Families of Annelids in the ‘ Porcupine’

Eapeditions of 1869 and 1870.

Very few examples of the three families occurred in these

collections, only Ammotrypane aulogaster, H. R., being

present in the expedition of 1869; yet one or two rare forms

were procured.

Thus a Travisia, viz. T. graviert, sp. n., was dredged at

Station 9 in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition of 1870, lat. 48° 06/

N., long. 9° 18’ W., at a depth of 539 fathoms, on a bottom

of grey mud and a temperature of 48°. It is a small form

resembling the larva of one of the Diptera, and measuring

about 5 mm. in length. ‘The head terminates in a smooth

pointed process, the body gently dilating thereafter and

continuing as a rounded ringed sac to the posterior end,

where a slight diminution occurs before it somewhat abruptly

terminates. The rings in the contracted posterior region

encircling the central caudal process are distinct. The dorsal

.* Bullet. Sc. Fr. et Belg. t, xxxii. p. 287 (1899).

384 Prof. M‘Intosh’s Notes from the

surface is convex, the ventral concave. The body is closely

ringed from the base of the prostomium to the caudal process,

and the anterior dorsal surface is tessellated asin Scalibregma,

but the ventral surface is smooth. At first sight feet appear

to be absent, but closer inspection shows a pair of minute

papilles on every third ring. No bristles were present,

Another species, apparently very near the Ammotrypane

cylindricaudatus of Hansen *, from the ‘ Norske Nordhavs-

expedition 1 1876,” has an acutely conical head ending in a

slender process with a clavate tip, as in A. gracilis of the

‘Challenger’ f, and thus agreeing with (irsted’s genus

Ophelina. The ventral longitudinal muscles pass almost to

the extremity of the snout. Mouth a short distance behind

the latter. The body is very slender, with numerous

branchial cirri, which are conspicuous posteriorly, as also are

four setigerous processes in front of the caudal appendix,

which is cylindrical or somewhat clavate, transversely marked

by minute ribs, as also in the Ammotrypane delapidans of

Kinberg f, first procured at Valparaiso, and afterwards

described by Ehlers § from various parts of Chili, and with

an uneven posterior margin—that is to say, the dorsal edge

forms a prominent papilla, the ventral being less, whilst an

elevation occurs between them. In the majority the process

is gradually narrowed to its base, so that it is really some-

what clavate. The bristles are short, simple, and tapering.

This form ranges from Station 17a, at 795 fathoms, in the

‘ Porcupine’ Expedition of 1870 to Norway and Canada.

Hansen’s description and figures leave some doubt as to the

actual identity, but such may be partly due to the larger size

and more perfect condition of his specimens. Thus he

describes and figures the head as similar to that of Ammo-

irypane aulogaster, H. R., whereas in this it forms an acute

cone ending in a slender process with a clavate tip. ‘The

caudal process in both is similar in general outline, and so

with the four lateral setigerous processes in front of it; but

the processes on the posterior margin differ in the small

examples from the ‘ Porcupine,’ it may be from friction or

other injury. Moreover, the organ appears to be readily

reproduced. On the whole, the two forms seem to be identical.

The Armandia weissenbornit of Kiikenthal ||, from Perim, is

* Nyt Mag. f. Naturvid. Bd. xxiv. p. 8, Taf. vi. figs. 1-8.

+ Annel. ‘ Challenger,’ p. 357, pl. xliii. figs. 9, 12.

{ Ofvers. K, Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1865, no. 4, p. 258.

§ Polychet. Magell. u. chil. Strandes, 1901, p. 178, Taf. xxii. fig. 9.

|| Jenaische Zeitsch. Bd, xxi. N. F. xiv. p, 866, Taf. xxi. fig. 6.

Gaity Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. 385

an allied form, the caudal process being as long as the last

four segments and with numerous rings, but its tip has

several slender papille. The Ammotrypane langu, of the

same author *, from the Philippines, has a somewhat shorter

ringed caudal cylinder.

A third form, Ammotrypane (Ophelina) kiikenthali T, sp. n.,

was dredged in the ‘ Porcupine’ Expedition of 1870, in 795

fathoms. It is distinguished by its pointed snout, with its

slender clavate papilla projecting beyond it, and its slender

elongated body, like that of Polygordius, about 25 mm. in

length, tapered a little anteriorly and posteriorly, rounded

dorsally, and grooved ventrally. The ventral longitudinal

muscles run on each side from the region of the mouth to the

base of the caudal process, and have the usual lateral groove

above them, but, so far as observed, neither bristles nor

pigment-specks are present. Posteriorly the body somewhat

abruptly narrows to the short, cylindrical, caudal process,

which has a smooth edge posteriorly—in one example oblique

and in the other rounded ; but as both seem to have been more

or less dried, there is uncertainty on this point. The slender,

smooth, glistening body, and the absence of bristles as well

as of cirri and papille on the caudal process are features of

moment,

4. On the foregoing Families dredged by Dr. Whiteaves in

the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada.

The representatives of the foregoing are comparatively

few, and, indeed, are confined to one family, viz. the Ophe-

lide. The fact that little or no shore-collecting was done

perhaps accounts for the absence of the Telethusz, and, to

some extent, of the Scalibregmidz, though the representatives

of the latter also occur in deep water. Of the Opheliide,

Ammotrypane aulogaster, H. Rathke, is not uncommon and

ot good size, and Ammotrypane cylindricaudatus, Hansen,

was also procured,

A fine example of Ophelia radiata, Della Chiaje (P]. XVII.

fig. 1), was dredged at Station 61, viz. north-north-east of

Shediac Island, 4th September, 1873, probably in water not

* Ibid. p. 365, Taf. xxi. figs. 4 & 5.

f+ After Prof. Kikenthal, of Breslau, the author of a paper on the

Opheliacee of the ‘ Vettore Pisani’ Expedition, Jenaische Zeitsch,

xxi, Bd. N. F. xiv. pp. 861-373, Taf, xxi. (1887).

386 Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory.

more than 10 or 12 fathoms’ depth, though this is not stated.

It is distinguished superficially by the more regularand more

definite cuticular ridges anteriorly (Pl. XVII. fig. 2), by the

more elongated and more acute head, by the smoother and

more glistening body throughout the posterior region, by the

presence of two sets of cuticular ridges towards the tail, two

occurring a little in front of the caudal hump and four on the

edge of the downward slope to the caudal process, which

generally agrees with that of Ophelia limacina, while

differing in detail. ‘The mouth is more posterior in position .

than in O. limacina, and the anterior region, viz. that in

front of the cirri, is considerably longer. ‘The cirri are much

longer and have a warty aspect, from little papilla or eleva-

tions—it may be due to extravasations. On the other hand,

the bristles are less developed, a feature conspicuous poste-

riorly in O. émacina, where they form a fringe on each side

of the dorsal groove of the caudal process, No well-marked

groove occurs on the dorsum of this process in O. radiata, and

the process itself is shorter. Ventrally both are deeply

erooved to the tip, but the two ventral cirri of O. Amacina

are considerably smaller and terminated by two clavate or

button-like processes, whereas the ventral cirri of O. radiata

are broadly ovate flattened processes, conical posteriorly, and

ending in a simple very slightly tapered filament (Pl. XVII.

fig. 4). Della Chiaje shows fourteen cirri, forming the upper

arch of the tail, whereas Claparéde * describes and figures

only eight. On the other hand, Baron de St. Joseph + gives

sixteen, Including, however, the two median ventral, in his

differentiation of the species from Ophelia neglecta. In the

present example five occur on each side and a median cirrus

dorsally, so that the total number is eleven{ (Pl. XVII.

fig. 3). ‘This species is the common one at Naples, and the

sexes are distinguished by colour, the males being pale. The

ova are greenish. Claparéde gives considerable attention to

its structure in the work just referred to, and puts a different

interpretation on the diverticula on the dorsum of the

cesophagus from that given by several of his predecessors,

who varied in interpretation from salivary glands and respi-

ratory organ to heart, This muscular organ he associated

with the stiffening of the snout by the perivisceral fluid

during its boring in the sand and muddy sand. De St.

* Annél. Chétop. Naples, p. 284, pl. xxvi. fig. le.

+ Ann. Sc. Nat. 9° sér. t. ili, p. 231 (1906).

t The artist makes seven on each side of the median, It has not been

possible to check these figures before publication.

On African and S,-American Otters. 387

Joseph * points out the distinctions of this species from

O. neglecta, A. Schneider, in his detailed description of that

form, which has eighteen anal papilla besides the two larger

ventral cirri.

5. On the same Groups dredged in Norwegian Waters and

in Finmark by Canon Norman.

Both Ophelia limacina, H. R., Ammotrypane aulogaster,

H. R., and the widely distributed Travista forbesii, Johnston,

are not uncommon in the fiords. Moreover, the finest example

of the second comes from Finmark. Ammotrypane ( Ophelina)

cylindricaudatus, Hansen, likewise occurs in the same fiords

near Bergen. Scalibregma inflatum, H. R., is often dredged

in the same seas, but all the examples are small, especially in

contrast with the large specimens from Lochmaddy, North

Uist. No example of the Telethusz is present, the absence

of these littoral annelids being due to the fact that dredging

alone was resorted to, and this in water of considerable depth.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII. +

Fig. 1. Ophelia radiata, Delle Chiaje, in profile. Enlarged under a lens.

Fig. 2. Anterior end from the dorsum, to show the acutely conical snout

and the ridges of the skin. Enlarged under a lens.

Fig. 3, Caudal processes from the dorsum, Enlarged under a lens.

Fig. 4, Caudal processes from the ventral surface. Similarly enlarged.

LXIII.—On certain African and S.-American Otters.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

SINCE I wrote my paper on the arrangement of the otters in

1889 tf, opinion has changed as to the value of the characters

which should justify generic distinction between different

groups, and I am now prepared to admit, with other authors,

that the clawless otters (Aonywx) and the margined-tailed ottey

of Brazil (Pteronura) should be recognized as_generically

different from the ordinary otters of the genus Lufra. The

two species of Aonyw#, A. capensis and cinerea, widely different

* Ann. Sc. Nat, 8° sér. t. v. p. 369, pl. xxi. figs, 181-195, and pl. xxii,

figs. 196-199.

+ I am indebted to the courtesy of the Carnegie Trust for the figures

on this Plate.

t P. Z.. 5. 1889; p. 190.

388 Mr. O. Thomas on

as they are in size and habitat, undoubtedly have a certain

agreement in the shape of their skulls and teeth, so that

their common uon-possession of claws is evidently a genuine

connecting character, and not a parallelism, as was formerly

supposed to be the case.

Descriptions of a new subspecies of Aonya and of the

South-American species of the Lutra platensis group follow.

Aonyx capensis angole, subsp. n.

External characters much as in true capensis, though with

rather a greater tendency to a whitening of the bases of the

wool-hairs. Hairs of head and nape tipped with whitish.

Ears with light edges. Hairs of chin and throat white to

their bases, the brown round the angles of the mouth at a

minimum. Second and third phalanges of fingers quite

naked above.

Skull indicating affinity with capensis and meneleki rather

than with hindet, agreeing with the two former by its

greater size, as judged by length, its large flattened bulla,

and other characters. But it is conspicuously narrower in

every breadth-measurement, the difference being so great as

quite to alter the general proportions of the skull. Unfor-

tunately the typical skull is that of a female, and allowance

for this has to be made in comparing it with the other skulls

and with those measured by Dr. Loénnberg. Interorbital

region narrow, the interorbital breadth only about three

fourths of that in a male capensis, the difference against the

female being only about one-ninth in a pair of hindet. Post-

orbital processes little developed, not projecting more than in

a female hindet. Brain-case elongate-oval, longer and less

broadened posteriorly and externally than in any others of

the present group, its sides, when viewed from behind, more

nearly vertical than in the other forms; its surface smooth

and little ridged, though there is a fairly distinct median

crest, and the lambdoid crests are well developed, meeting the

sagittal one at a well-marked re-entrant angle. Zygomata

unusually little spread, the zygomatic actually less than the

mastoid breadth, while even the latter breadth is markedly

less than in the allied forms. Bulle broad and low, a single

large foramen on the inner edge of each. Molars large and

heavy, as in true capensis.

Total length, measured in flesh, 1270 mm., of which,

judging from skin, the proportions would appear to be

about :-—

Head and body 800 mm. ; tail 470.

African and S.-American Otters. 389

Skull: basal length 128 mm.; zygomatic breadth 91:5;

mastoid breadth 92°5; breadth of brain-case exclusive of

mastoid flange 66 ; breadth of nasal opening 18; interorbital

breadth 27; tip to tip of postorbital processes 30:5; inter-

temporal breadth 25°5; palate length 66; antero-posterior

diameter of p* 12°9; greatest diameter of m’ 18, antero-

posterior diameter of its inner lobe 13; greatest height of

zygomatic arch 10.

Hab. Coporole R., Angola.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 98.3. 20.1. Collected

by Mr. G. W. Penrice.

I have hitherto not ventured to determine definitely this

fine otter, partly owing to its being a female and partly for

want of good §.-African material for comparison.

Now, however, that the Museum possesses a good adult

pair of skulls of the nearly allied A. c. hindes of K. Africa,

from which the differences due to sex can be estimated, and

a good skull of the true 8.-African capensis has been described

and measured in Prof. Einar Lénnberg’s recent interesting

paper on the subject *, I am in a position to determine the

Angolan form.

So far as sex 1s concerned, there appears to be remarkably

little difference between male and female in the general out-

lines of the skull, the male having merely much more heavily

roughened bones and larger crests and processes for the

attachment of muscles. But the breadth as compared with

the length measurements are practically the same in both

sexes.

If therefore, as we may presume, the male L. ¢. angole has

the same general proportions as the female, it will be readily

seen from the above measurements and from those given in

Prof. Lénnberg’s paper how markedly the new form differs

from any African otter hitherto described. As it happens,

the chief length measurement is exactly the same in the type

of angole and in Prof. Lénnberg’s Natal example, while the

zygomatic breadth is actually 13 mm. and the mastoid breadth

10 mm. less in the former than in the latter, a difference

which naturally produces a very considerable alteration in

general outline. But I suspect that the roughening of the

bones and increase of the processes in the male will result in

enough assimilation to A. capensis to justify my considering

the Angolan otter as only a subspecies of that widely spread

form.

* ¢ Arkiv for Zoologi,’ iv. no, 12 (1908).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. 1. 26

390 Mr. O. Thomas on

The Lutra platensis Group.

The difficulties presented by the members of this South-

American group of otters were the chief reason for the incom-

plete state of the 1889 paper above quoted, and but little

progress has been made in their elucidation to the present

date.

The only two points that have been published about them

are that Nehring * has shown the earliest name, paranensis,

Rengger, to have been based on the large Pteronura brasili-

ensis, so as to remove that name from the group, and that

Dr. Major has described the Central-American form as a

distinct species, L. annectens.

Material has, however, been gradually accumulating, and

I am now in a position to sort this difficult group into seven ~

fairly distinct forms, of which the characters and distribution

are as follows :—

1. Lutra annectens, Maj.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 618 (1897); Zool. Anz. 1897,

pp. 186-142.

Nose-pad quite naked, its upper line of demarcation with

a distinct upward projection in the centre, as in the Huropean

otter, L. lutra.

Skull very broad and low, with broad flattened brain-case

and widely expanded mastoid processes. Nasal opening

fairly narrow, its breadth less than its slanting internal

height-length diameter. Bulle well swollen.

Upper carnassial not very large, the hinder edge of its

inner lobe not touching the front of ml.

A male skull measures in condylo-basal length 117 mm. ;

zygomatic breadth 80; mastoid breadth 78 ; antero-posterior

diameter of p* 10°2.

Hab. Central America: Tepic, Jalisco, Mexico (Buller) ;

Guatemala (Salvin).

Type in British Museum, no. 92. 3. 17. 8.

2. Lutra emerita, sp. n.

Nose-pad as in annectens. }

Size rather less than in that species. Skull with com-

paratively large, rounded, and high brain-case, the height

greater and the breadth less than in the Central-American

species. Upper profile convex. Sagittal crest little developed ;

* SB. Ges. nat. Freund. Berl. 1900, p. 221.

African and S.-American Otters. 391

lambdoid crests well-marked, and, owing to the shape of

the brain-case, surpassing behind the back of the condyles.

Mastoid flanges not excessively developed. Nasal opening

small, its proportions about as in annectens. Bulle rising to

a high and rather narrower ridge than in annectens. Teeth

about as in that species.

Skull-measurements (adult male): condylo-basal length

110 mm.; basal length 101; zygomatic breadth 77°5; mas-

toid breadth 71; interorbital breadth 22:6; brain-case,

breadth 62; height from between bulle to crown 41 ; palatal

length 49; antero-posterior diameter of p* 10:1; greatest

diagonal diameter of m* 11°4.

Hab. Merida, Venezuela. Type from the Rio Chama at

2000 m. altitude.

Type. Adult male. Collected 13th August, 1907, by

S. Bricefio. ‘Two specimens examined.

This species is readily distinguishable from all the members

of the group by its high rounded brain-case, and from the

two which share the structure of its nose-pad by its markedly

smaller size.

3. Lutra provocax, sp. n.

Nose-pad as in annectens, therefore markedly different

from that of the geographically nearer L. platensis.

Skull about as large as in annectens, its frontal region

particularly flat and the upper profile comparatively straight.

Nasal opening, owing to the flattening of the muzzle, broader

in proportion to its height, its breadth more than its internal

height-length diameter. Sagittal crest little developed, and

the lambdoid not projected far back. Bulle rather small.

Teeth of medium strength, the inner lobe of p* not excessively

large, but touching the front of m* owing to a projection at

its postero-external border.

Skull-dimensions of type (old male) : condylo-basal length

115 mm.; basal length 106; zygomatic breadth 78:5;

mastoid breadth 74; interorbital breadth 25; brain-case,

breadth 58, height 38; palatal length 56; antero-posterior

diameter of p* 11'7; greatest diagonal diameter of m* 13:5.

A female skull has condylo-basal length 109 mm. ; mastoid

breadth 74; p* 101.

Hab. Southern Chili and Patagonia. Type from south

of Lake Nahuel Huapi, Patagonia. Other specimens from

Temuco, 8. Chili (Bullock), and Magellan Straits (Voyages

of H.M.SS. ‘ Challenger’ and ‘ Alert,’ and of Lord Crawford’s

yacht the ‘ Valhalla’).

ype. Old male. B.M.no.3.11.5.14. Collected during

205

392 Mr. O. Thomas on

the Chili-Argentine Frontier Commission, and presented by

Sir Thomas Holdich.

This otter occurs side by side with ZL. felina along the

coasts of Southern Chili and in the Straits of Magellan,

where it was first obtained during the voyage of the ‘ Chal-

lenger,’ and later on in the same region by Dr. Coppinger

of H.M.S. ‘ Alert.” I have long doubted my provisional

reference of it to L. platensis, from which I now find it can

always be distinguished by the different structure of its nose-

pad and the flattening of its muzzle, with the consequent

alteration in the form of the nasal opening in the skull.

4. Lutra platensis, Waterh.

Voy. Beagle, Mamm. p. 21, pl. xxxv. fig. 4 (skull) (1838). (Maldonado,

Uruguay.)

Lutra solitaria, Wagn. Arch. f. Nat. 1842, p. 358. (Ypanema, Sao

Paulo.)

Lutra latifrons, Nehr. SB. Ges. nat. Berl. 1887, p. 28. (“S. America,

east of Andes.’’)

Nose-pad naked, its upper line of demarcation running

either straight across or even curving somewhat downwards

towards the septum, its definition always sharp and well

marked.

Skull larger and well ridged, not unusually flattened.

Nasal opening comparatively narrow, its breadth distinctly

less than its interior height-length diameter. Bulle well

swollen. p* large, with broadly expanded inner lobe.

In an old male the skull-measurements are: condylo-basal

length 114:°5 mm.; mastoid breadth 72°5; antero-posterior

diameter of p* 12°5.

Hab. Southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina; inland

to Matto Grosso. Examples in Museum from Rio Grande

do Sul (Ihering), Uruguay (Darwin, Aplin), and Buenos

Ayres (Lord Lilford).

Type skull in British Museum, no. 55. 12. 26. 215.

). Luira incarum, sp. n.

Nose-pad ill-defined, the hairy part from above projecting

downwards in the middle without any very clear line of

demarcation, and in some cases almost or quite meeting a

corresponding upward projection from below. There is,

however, never a broad continuous band of hair down the

septum as there is in L. enudris. In old specimens a good

deal of the hair may be worn off, but traces of it are to. be

seen with a lens.

African and S.-American Otters. 393

General colour rather paler than usual.

Skull and teeth large and heavy, apparently quite similar

to those of L. platensis, though the inner lobe of p* averages

rather smaller.

The type skull (young) has a p* measurement of 12°4 mm.

_ «An old male skull from Eten gives the following dimen-

sions :—Condylo-basal length 118 mm.; zygomatic breadth

77°5; mastoid breadth 72; interorbital breadth 24°8; palate

length 54.

flab. Peru. Type from Marcapata, Prov. Cuzco. Other

specimens from Eten on the N.W. coast (P. O. Simons).

This otter is most nearly allied to Z. platensts, of which

it may hereafter prove to be a subspecies, when specimens

from intermediate localities are available for comparison.

Two other otters have been described from Peru, L. peruvi-

ensis, Gervais, and L, montana, Tschudi. The former was

based on a skull picked up on San Lorenzo Island, off Callao,

and has long been synonymized with ZL. cznerea, Molina, the

small Chilian otter. That this reference is correct is now

proved by the examination of a specimen obtained by

Mr. Perry Simons on that very island, a specimen which

precisely agrees with Gervais’s figure and also with speci-

mens of LZ. cinerea from Chili.

With regard to L. montana, it is difficult to believe that

the animal Tschudi described was an otter at all, as of no

member of the genus can it be said that ‘‘ der Unterleib ist

schwarzlich,” that ‘die Ftisse sind schwarz,” or that “ die

Wollhaare sind glinzend schwarz.” Possibly Tschudi heard

accounts of the “‘ Lebensweise und geographische Verbreitung”

of this species, and then had palmed off on him as an otter

an imperfect skin of some other animal altogether, possibly a

Tayra, which he described.

No specimen is preserved under the name of ZL. montana

in the Museum at Neuchatel, where I have been able to

examine the majority of Tschudi’s types.

6. Lutra mitis, sp. n.

Nose-pad as in L. incarum, but rather more hairy, the hair

above generally connected by a narrow mesial line with that

below, though often more or less worn off in old specimens.

In the most hairy specimens the band may attain at its

narrowest part a breadth of about 2-3 mm., but it is more often

about 1 mm. in breadth when not worn down.

General colour dark.

Skull smaller and lighter than in any other of the present

394 On African and §.-American Otters.

group of otters, with comparatively narrow interorbital

region, small nasal opening, little expanded mastoid flanges,

and small though well-swollen bulle. Teeth light and

delicate, the inner lobe of p* small.

Dimensions of the type skull (adult male) :—Condylo-

basal length 103°5 mm.; basal length 94:5; zygomatic

breadth 68; mastoid breadth 65; breadth of nasal opening

11:5; interorbital breadth 20; height of brain-case 37 ;

palate length 47; antero-posterior diameter of p* 10°6;

greatest diameter of m’ 12°7.

Hab. Guiana and Eastern Brazil. Type from Surinam,

other specimens from Cayenne (Stevens), Para (Robert), and

Porto Real, Rio Janeiro (Hardy du Déneuf ).

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 86. 5. 12. 1*. Collected by

Kappler.

This otter was considered by Gray to be F. Cuvier’s

L. enudris (L. “ enhydris”’), but the particulars which Prof.

Trouessart has been so good as to give me of the typical

skull of that species indicate that the latter is the larger and

not the smaller Guianan otter.

7. Lutra enudris, F. Cuv.

Dict. Sci, Nat. xxvii. p. 242 (1823). (Guiana.)

Lutra insularis, id. t. c. p. 243. (Trinidad.)

Lutra enhydris, auct. (emend.).

Nose-pad with an unbroken band of hair passing down the

nasal septum between the nostrils, 3-5 mm. in breadth at its

narrowest point.

Size comparatively large, about as in L. platensis.

Skull much as in L. platensis, neither specially high nor

flattened. Bulle well swollen. Teeth large and heavy, the

antero-posterior diameter of p* exceeding that of any other

species of the group.

Dimensions of the type skull in the Paris Museum, kindly

furnished me by Prof. ‘Trouessart:—Length 112 mm.;

breadth 80; p*, external length 14, greatest diameter

(diagonally) 15, antero-posterior diameter 13.

Alab, Guiana and ‘Trinidad.

Type skull in the Paris Museum.

Of this fine species the British Museum possesses an adult

male skull from Demerara belonging to a specimen now

* Skull and skin having come separately, and a certain doubt being

possible as to their belonging to each other, I would definitely select the

skull as the type. The nose-pad of this specimen is damaged, but another

skin that came with it shows the hairy structure particularly well.

Inclusion of Foreign Bodies by Sponges. 395

mounted in the British Guiana Museum which I examined

some years ago, and noted the characters of its nose-pad.

This skull closely agrees with the dimensions of F, Cuvier’s

type kindly supplied to me by Prof. Trouessart.

In addition we have a skin without skull from Trinidad,

therefore a topotype of F. Cuvier’s L. insulards, which it may

be taken to represent,

Unfortunately, as Prof. Trouessart informs me, the typical

mounted skins of neither L. enudris nor L. insularis are now

to be found in the Paris Museum. Happily by the help of

the type skull of the former and the British Museum topotype

of the latter we are able to identify both with practical

certainty.

LXIV.—The Inclusion of Foreign Bodies by Sponges, with a

Description of a new Genus and Species of Monaxonida.

By Iaerna B. J. SOLLAS.

OwING to the kindness of the captain of the ‘ Durham Castle’

the Members of the British Association were allowed to land

at Mozambique and at Mombasa on the homeward journey

from South Africa in September 1905. An opportunity of

half an hour’s shore-collecting was thus afforded, and at

Mozambique there was a rich growth of sponges, particularly

of Cinachyra voeltzkowt, Lid. One sponge, Migas porphyrion,

gen. et sp. n., which, owing to its consistency and general

appearance, I supposed would prove to be a member of the

Ceratosa, is, in fact, an interesting form of Monaxonida

which possesses a skeleton consisting of both ‘ proper” spicules

and foreign bodies. Certain features in the cortex of this

specimen seem to me to throw some light on the method by

which foreign bodies are included in this case and possibly

also in the case of other sponges.

Migas porphyrion is a massive sponge; the surface is

raised into a system of low ridges. ‘lhe single specimen

which I possess measures 4°0xX 2°0 cm. A fine individual

of Cinachyra voeltzkowi has fixed and grown upon a part of

its surface. ‘The colour when living was dark purple, out-

wardly buff in the deeper parts; in spirit the purple has

turned to grey. ‘The dark pigment is contained in the

ranular cells of the cortex. The cortex is ‘8 mm, at its

greatest thickness and contains large cavities. ‘The chambers

are very small, ‘015 mm. in diameter, few and aphodal.

396 Miss I. B. J. Sollas on the Inclusion

The proper skeleton consists of not very numerous oxeas

measuring *96x°016 mm., and arranged partly in loose

strands, partly irregularly. The strands run up to the

surface and their free ends project. ‘This spicular skeleton is

supplemented by sand-grains scattered through the tissues

and quite unconnected with one another. Most of them have

a covering of some brown substance.

Rig.

a@ and b. Portions of the surface of Migas porphyrion, showing the

inclusion of sand-grains by pseudopodia-like extensions of the surface-

tissue.

Fig. 2.

Portion of the surface of Migas porphyrion, showing a sand-grain

seated on a pillar of cortical tissue.

The incorporation of foreign bodies occurs commonly

among Ceratosa, and in the Monaxonida it is found in the

Gelliodine genera Phoriospongia and Sigmatella, in the

of Foreign Bodies by Sponges. 397

Dendoricine species Tedania commixta, R. & D., and in the

Kctyonine genus Aulena. In Psammopemma among Ceratosa

and in Tedania commiata the foreign bodies are not enclosed

in fibres, but lie in the ground-substance. Professor Minchin *

speaks of this phenomenon as a ‘remarkable property

possessed by the spongin fibres,” and says, ‘f Sand-grains...

and such-like bodies which fall on to the surface of the sponge-

body become included in the fibres, apparently by adhering

to the tip of the fibre at its growing point, where it is con-

tinuous in all probability with the external cuticle of the

sponge-body. The absorption of foreign particles into the

spongin fibre is therefore not so much a question of their

travelling down into it as of their being passively surrounded

by spongin as the fibre grows upwards.”

The appearance of the surface of the present species

suggests that here, at any rate, inclusion takes place in a

different manner. In thick freehand sections the sand-grains

lying on the surface are seen to be enveloped by the super-

ficial tissue of the sponge, which is raised up round them and

adheres to them. Sometimes pseudopodia-like extensions of

the sponge-tissue are found partially enwrapping the grain

(fig. 1). When sand-grains are found, as in fig. 2, attached

to the apex of a conulus, I believe that this results from a

flow of material to the neighbourhood of the irritant grain,

not from the sand-grain having fallen upon the summit of a

conulus.

The abundance of sand-contents makes it difficult to cut thin

sections while the grains are in place, the tissues were therefore

demineralized with hydrofluoricacid. In sections of material

treated for a day or two with this reagent some remnants of

siliceous fragments were still present, but the outer layers

were sufficiently free to admit of fairly thin sections being

cut. In these sections it is seen that in the cortex there are

numerous cells containing coloured granules; of these some

are confined to the cortex, others aggregated in oval cell-

clusters occur throughout the tissues. In both cases the

granules conceal the nucleus. The granular cells are fre-

quently elongated and fusiform ; sometimes, particularly

beneath remnants of foreign bodies (fig. 3) and on the flat

summits of the low ridges of the cortex, they are of irregular

rounded shape or lobed, and they are massed together in

numbers. The surface of the sponge appears to me to be

absolutely devoid of cuticle and to be bounded by granular

cells. This observation was found to hold good also in

* ¢A Treatise on Zoology’ (edited by E, Ray Lankester), 1900, p. 42,

398 Miss I. B. J. Sollas on the Inclusion

sections of selected bits of cortex which, owing to their

comparative freedom from sand-contents, could be cut without

desilicification. Icannot doubt that the inclusion of sand-grains

is due to the activity of these small granular amcebocytes ;

and I think itis worth while to consider whether some similar

cellular activity is not responsible for the inclusion of foreign

bodies in sponges generally, for, on the hypothesis that this

phenomenon is a property of the spongin-fibre, the fact of

selection of particular kinds of foreign bodies by various

species remains unexplained. Why, for example, do fibres

of Phyllospongia stlicata contain foreign spicule fragments,

while in various other species of Phyllospongia sand-grains

are found as the fibre-core? or, again, in Hippospongia why

should one group of species possess fibres free from foreign

bodies, while in a second and third group the fibres contain

foreign spicules and sand-grains respectively ? It seems to

me still more difficult to account for the skeleton of some

Fig. 3.

( pn Oe” | Ones:

CN To gen rete ELAS

I~ a if <=. ohne Bs —

= & Se) > 9

Rae ee poli eh r

. seer oa aon, See

ate SAN SN gO heey ce G2>, aS

> om 4 (Gay a 7] ad Can a alg “~~ ih cab re oe :

ESS a Sa ope eo {< wa pe

PA SSS SOM ai ase Ce GN tat

Ci ea tect cats —= x <r Pe

ae Ree i oso “AK oN ack Baap

4s x in a 2G Sey a3 we 2A <5

Sah ef = er oS Ses sa eater

eA = —s oie N Ny. ew aioe!

- + oc ~ ae

Peta & (fa ere

Thin section of the desilicified cortex of Mzgas porphyrion.

a, partially dissolved sand-grain.

species of Aulena without the assumption of the selection of

fibre-contents by cellular activity. Thus in Aulena gigantea

in addition to the supporting skeleton, which is cored by

sand-grains, there is a surface skeleton consisting of (1) sili-

ceous spicules lying irregularly in the “skin,” (2) a tan-

gential network of stout fibres cored with an axial series of

sand-grains, (3) echinated fibres running from these to the

surface and cored with spicules. ‘‘ The spicules in the skin

are partly foreign, like those which are found in the axis of

the echinated fibres’? (Lendenfeld’s description). The

tangential network (2) being remote from the surface, surely

the sand-grains must be carried to it.

Again, when foreign spicules are included in the fibre they

are arranged with their long axes parallel to the axis of the

of Foreign Bodies by Sponges. 399

fibre. It can hardly be supposed that they fall on to the

fibre-tip and adhere in this position.

In a sponge which I have described elsewhere as Huspongia

officinalis, ? var. rotunda, the following points are to be noted :—

The cortex is closely like that of Migas porphyrion, but deeper,

and, being free from loose sand-grains, is easy to cut. The

whole appearance suggests a tissue of which the cells are in

active motion. There is an abundance of amoeboid granular

cells (like the smaller granular cells of Migas porphyrion) ;

in places these form, as it were, streams of fusiform cells, but

in other places the cell-bodies are more massive and crowded

together. Often when the aggregation occurs at the surface

the latter has minute irregularities, suggesting pseudopodia.

Where foreign spicules are to be found just beginning to

pass into the sponge there are clustered lobose granular

cells (fig. 4). An argument which seems to me to be worth

Fig. 4.

From the surface of Euspongia officinalis, ? var. rotunda,

s, foreign spicule fragment.

considering is this: within the cortex are scattered spicular

fragments lying more or less parallel to the surface and

obviously occupying the position which they had in the

living sponge (fig. 5). Now the main fibres alone contain

foreign bodies, and there are no free spicule fragments in the

deeper parts of the sponge. What, then, is the meaning of

this temporary position of the spicule fragments if it is not

that they are on their way to the main fibres to which they

are being carried by the granular cells? It is difficult to

understand the concerted action of amcebocytes, but it is not

more difficult in this case than in that of the wonderful

migrations of cells carrying spicules with them which Evans

has shown to occur during the formation of the gemmule-

coat of Spongilla. Cotte attributes the excavating power of

400 Inclusion of Foreign Bodies by Sponges.

Cliona to the action of amoeboid cells at its surface; so that

the foregoing suggestions are not without precedent, and,

seeing that amoeboid action within the sponge-body is well

established, it would not be surprising if in such lowly

creatures it should also occur at the outer surface.

Fig. 6.

LExlernal stu7yvace

From the cortex of Huspongia officinalis, var. rotunda.

s, foreign spicule fragment.

When I wrote the foregoing remarks I was unaware that

the subject had already been discussed. ‘The following state-

ment of the position of the discussion is taken from von

Lendenfeld’s ‘ Monograph of Horny Sponges,’ 1889, p. 768 :—

«... The sponge selects from the material deposited [by

currents and waves] such particles as it requires, and allows

them to sink into the skin. Haeckel originally assumed that an

active selection took place. ‘This was contested by Schulze,

who was of opinion that the selection, about the existence of

which there cannot be any doubt, was not active but passive,

and he compared the differences in the size and nature of the

foreign bodies in different sponges and their uniformity in

one and the same specimen with an ordinary sedimentary

process, as the deposit of rough gravel in one part of a river-

bed and the deposit of fine sand in the other. If Schulze’s

hypothesis be correct, that the nature of foreign bodies in

sponges is the result of (1) the physical properties of the

sponge, and (2) the circumstances of its surroundings, then,

of course, the nature of the foreign bodies would change if the

surrounding circumstances (premiss 2) changed. But this is

not the case. In whatever circumstance the sponge grows

On new African Phlebotomic Diptera. 401

it always takes in the same kind of foreign matter. The

sponges from widely different localities and depths are in this

respect the same. We must therefore assume that a sponge

selects from the numerous foreign bodies which fall on and

adhere to its surface a certain kind only, and uses them to

build up its fibres,”

In conclusion, the case of Tedania commixta deserves a

word of mention in that it shows that the inclusion of the

sand-grains may occur as a result of more than one kind of

activity of the sponge-tissues. In this species, of which I

was fortunate enough to obtain a fragment through the

kindness of Mr. Kirkpatrick, the body is divisible into (i.) an

upper region, which has a well-developed spicular skeleton

with a few sand-grains of small size scattered in the flesh and

apparently taken in at the upper surface of the sponge, and

(i1.) a lower region, in which the spicular skeleton is still

present and more irregular, and in which numerous foreign

bodies of various kinds and often of large size occur. So

abundant is the foreign matter, and so large the size of many

of the fragments, that there can hardly be any question of

these included substances having passed through the upper

region of the sponge; rather, the sponge has grown down-

wards, including as it grew the constituents of its substratum.

Thus both the tissues of the free surface and of the basal

surface appear in this case to engulf foreign matter.

LXV.— New African Phlebotomic Diptera in the British

Museum (Natural History).—Part Il. Tabanide (con-

tinued). By Ernest KE. Austen *,

Genus Hamatrorota, Meigen.

The following pages contain descriptions of twelve new

species from ‘Tropical Africa belonging to this genus, and at

least as many more, examples of which are included in the

National Collection, have yet to be described. Of most of

these, descriptions will appear in the next instalment of this

series of papers. Owing to the complicated nature of the

wing-markings in Hematopota, which in most cases present

valuable specific characters, the drawing-up of recognizable

* For Part I. see Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. i. (March 1908

pp. 209-228.

402 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

descriptions of species, unaccompanied by figures, is a task

of no little difficulty. It is hoped, however, that the

following descriptions, if carefully studied, will be found to

have achieved their object, and also that in any given case a

perusal of the diagnosis in italics will suffice to show whether

it be necessary to read the detailed description. In studying

descriptions of wings regard should always be paid to the

most important characters, such as the “ rosettes” (which, if

present, will be found surrounding the distal extremities of

the basal and discal cells, and the fork of the third longitu-

dinal vein), the markings of the discal cell and of the wing-tip,

the nature of the stigma, and the presence or absence of a

large unbroken dark blotch beneath it.

In order to characterize new species belonging to a fauna

which has been well studied, it is frequently sufficient to

indicate the points in which they differ from those already

known. In studying Hematopota-material from Tropical

Africa, however, we are breaking almost entirely new ground,

and if descriptions of new species are to be recognizable it is

impossible for them to be short. Allusion has already been

made, in the introduction to the first paper in this series, to

the peculiar richness of the Ethiopian Region in species of

Hematopota. With the opening-up of Tropical Africa at

present in progress new representatives of this genus are

coming to hand almost every week, and it is probable that

the species already known represent but a small minority

as compared with those still to be discovered. As yet,

therefore, it would be futile to attempt anything in the nature

of a key to the African species of Hematopota: what is of

far greater importance is to draw up such careful descriptions

of new species, supported where practicable by a comparison

with allied forms, that when the time arrives for the prepara-

tion of such a key it may be possible to construct it with

reliability and precision.

The types of all the new species described below are in the

British Museum (Natural History).

Hematopota paliidipennis, sp. n.

? Length (9 specimens) 9 to 9°8 mm.; width of head

3°25 to 3°5 mm.; width of front at vertex 1°2 mm.; length

of wing 8 to 8°3 mm.

Smoke-grey* ; dorsum of thorax mouse-grey, abdominal

segments, except last, on each side of middle line with an olive-

* For names of colours, see Ridgway, ‘A Nomenclature of Colors for

Naturalists’ (Boston : Little, Brown, & Company, 1886).

African Phlebotomie Diptera. 403

brown ring, enclosing agrey spot; antenne russet, frontal callus

clove-brown ; wings pale smoke-grey, light markings milky ;

hind tibie with two light rings.

Head rather broad, lateral frontal and median frontal dark

brown spots well marked; frontal callus of moderate depth,

upper margin nearly straight, very slightly concave on each

side of middle line; face and jowls pearl-grey, clothed with

white hair; palpi pale cream-buff or greyish buff, clothed

with white or yellowish-white hair, interspersed on outer side

of terminal joint with minute black hairs ; first joint of an-

tenne somewhat incrassated, first and second joints clothed

with black hair, upper angle of second joint conspicuously

produced, last three annuli of third joint dark brown, length

of last annulus less than that of the two preceding annuli

taken together. Thorax: dorsum with an olive-grey median

stripe running from front to hind margin and a pair of ad-

median stripes, generally becoming indistinct behind trans-

verse suture, but reappearing near hind margin; dorsum

clothed with whitish hair. Addomen: olive-brown rings on

dorsum in contact with front margins of segments, but leaving

well-marked hind borders of smoke-grey, and usually a

smoke-grey median stripe; venter light grey, hind margins

of segments cream-coloured. Wings with the darker ground-

colour very pale, markings of the usual type; extreme tips,

from end of second vein to that of main stem of third, with

a milky border, in connexion with sinuous mark running

down from end of second vein; markings rather coarse,

more or less distinct rosettes in the usual places—round

fork of third vein and ends of discal and basal cells ;

markings running obliquely across posterior cells and ending

on hind border immediately behind terminations of veins ;

two milky marks across discal cell, and usually two across

each basal cell; the two latter markings are continued more

or less distinctly across the anal and axillary cells ; medias-

tinal (or auxiliary) and first longitudinal veins ochraceous ;

veins bounding distal extremities of both basal cells and

base of upper branch of third longitudinal vein infuscated ;

stigma short, light brown, sometimes paler. Halteres straw-

yellow, knob brown or brownish above and below. Legs:

coxte clothed with whitish hair, front coxe whitish grey,

middle and hind coxe dark grey; femora ochraceous buff ;

tibiz cream-coloured, distal half of front tibiz dark brown,

middle and hind tibiz with brown bands at base, in middle,

and at tips ; front tarsi black, middle of hind tarsi brown,

basal two thirds of first joints of middle tarsi, basal half of

first joints of hind tarsi cream-coloured.

404 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

Northern Nigeria: type and six other specimens from

Zaria, 1905 (Captain F. U. Carr, A.V.D.) ; one specimen

from Kontagora, 1907 (J. Brand); one specimen from

ahove Bajibo, left bank of R. Niger, Nupe Province,

12. xi. 1906 (Major C. B. Simonds, R.G.A., Anglo-French

Boundary Commission), ‘ biting native paddler in canoe.”

Hematopota pallidipennis is allied to H. brunnescens,

Ricardo, which is found in Uganda and the Nyasaland Pro-

tectorate ; itis distinguished, znter alia, by the colour of the

frontal callus, the presence of a well-marked median frontal

spot, the narrower and more elongated basal portion of the

third joint of the antenne, the coarser wing-markings, and

the milky border to the extreme tip of the wing.

Hematopota inflaticornis, sp. n.

?.—Length (7 specimens) 8 to 8°75 mm.; width of

head 2°6 to 8°2 mm.; width of front at vertex 1 to 1°2 mm. ;

length of wing 7 to 7°75 mm.

Stoutly built thick-set species, with somewhat broad body ;

dorsum of thorax olive-brown, with three narrow olwe-grey

longitudinal stripes ; abdomen broadly bordered on each side

and at distal extremity with olive-grey, and with a broad

median dark brown stripe, diminishing in width from base to

siath segment, where it terminates, narrowly interrupted on

hind margins of segments ; first joint of antenne elongate and

conspicuously incrassate, especially when viewed from above ;

hind tibie with two pale bands.

Head smoke-grey, median frontal as well as lateral frontal

dark brown spots usually well marked, but former sometimes

inconspicuous, a pair of subquadrate admedian dark sepia-

coloured spots on vertex, separated by an olive-grey stripe

running upwards from median frontal spot ; frontal callus

black, of moderate depth, its upper margin straight ; face

and jowls clothed with yellowish-white hair, a few dark

brown hairs on each side of face; palpi olive-grey, clothed

with rather long pale yellowish hair, terminal joint not much

thickened towards base, and on upper portion of outer side

of distal half sometimes with black hairs interspersed with

the pale hair; antenne black, first jomt dull olive-grey polli-

nose, distal extremity (sometimes including as much as distal

third) usually shining black, first joint clothed with rough

pale yellowish hair, with some black hairs above and at tip,

upper angle of second joint strongly produced, third joint

ending bluntly, annuli of considerable relative depth, terminal

annulus rather shorter than two preceding annuli taken

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 405

together. Thorax: pleurze, pectus, and anterior border of

dorsum smoke-grey ; dorsum clothed with short, deciduous,

shining, pale yellow hairs, pleure clothed mainly with

yellowish-white hair, prealar calli clothed below with blackish-

brown hair; scutellum mouse-grey, with a dark olive-brown

blotch on each side of middle line. Abdomen: olive-grey

border of dorsum somewhat olive-brown on sides of distal

half and at tip, median line usually more or less distinctly

marked with mouse-grey, hind borders of segments smoke-

grey to mouse-grey on basal, light olive-brown on distal

half ; dorsum clothed with short pale yellow hair on grey

borders, in centre of first segment, and on hind margins of

all segments, and with brownish hair on dark brown area ;

venter uniform smoke-grey, clothed with whitish-yellow hair.

Wings pale brown, light markings of usual type but rather

coarse, and often running together in such a way as to

produce a very confused pattern, markings extending

throughout whole area from base of basal cells and axillary

incision to end of second longitudinal vein ; stigma light

brown, not sharply marked, but with a distinct quadrate

brown patch below it extending to third vein, and there

sending off a narrower process which reaches fourth vein

where it forms upper boundary of distal half of discal cell;

distal portion of marginal cell beyond stigma often almost

entirely pale; each end of discal cell often occupied by a

more or less complete pale loop, separated by a brown band

across centre of cell, and each with a centre of dark ground-

colour; the three usual rosettes generally more or less

distinct, but sometimes partly obliterated owing to fusion of

markings; sinuous V-shaped mark beyond fork of third

vein usually distinct; along posterior margin of wing a

row of light markings often, but not always, present in

distal angles of some or all posterior cells ; basal cells each

with a more or less complete pale loop at each end; anal

angle with a more or less complete broad pale border, one

extremity of which runs inwards, as usual, across anal cell,

while the other ends in the usual loop in angle formed by

axillary incision and sixth longitudinal vein. Halteres straw-

yellow, knob brown above and below. Legs: coxe and

femora mouse-grey, tibiz ochraceous buff, with brown rings ;

front tibize brownish at extreme base, dark brown at tip, and

with a brownish band below middle, partly in contact with

dark brown tip ; middle and hind tibiz with three brown

bands, situate respectively at base, apex, and in middle;

front tarsi dark brown, basal half or two-thirds of first joint

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 27

A06 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

russet; middle and hind tarsi buff, last joint and tips of

remaining joints dark brown.

Angola: type and five other specimens from Bihé, No-

vember—December 1904 (Dr. F. Creighton Wellman) ; a sixth

specimen from Benguella, 1905 (Dr. F. C. Wellman).

Dr. Wellman’s field-note on this species states :—“ About

60 specimens in plains and edges of bush, 300 miles from

coast. Active.”

H. inflaticornis is sufficiently distinguished from its African

congeners at present known by the broad grey lateral border

to the abdomen. In the case of one specimen in Dr. Well-

man’s series, on the third and following segments there 1s a

dark mark in the grey border on each side, which would

appear to indicate that the border has been produced by the

fusion with the grey lateral edging of a dorsal series of

paired grey spots.

Hematopota brevicornis, sp. n.

? .—Length (12 specimens) 6°75 to 8°75 mm. ; width of

head 2°3 to 3 mm.; width of front at vertex 1 mm.;

length of wing 7 to 8°5 mm.

Olive-brown ; dorsum of thorax with three olive-grey or

smoke-grey longitudinal stripes, dorsum of abdomen with

lateral borders,-a double series of spots often more or less

merged in the lateral borders, hind margins of segments, and a

more or less distinctly marked narrow median stripe smoke-

grey ; antenne (except tips) and legs ochraceous, front tarsi,

and front tibie except basal third brown, middle and hind tibie

slightly brownish, with tw> faintly marked paler bands ; frontal

callus like yellow horn, forming a prominent transverse ridge.

Head drab-grey, clothed with pale yellowish hair, lateral

frontal dark brown spots well marked, median frontal spot

very small or wanting, a brownish mark usually visible

between eye and base of antenna on each side; upper margin

of frontal callus curved, convex, or angulate in middle; palpi

cream-buff, clothed below with yellowish hair, terminal joint

thickly clothed on outer side with minute black hairs ; an-

tenne short, first jot somewhat incrassate, terminal annuli

of third joint short, black (sometimes brown), ending blunt]

and of practically same depth throughout, length of last

annulus less than that of two preceding annuli taken together,

first and second joints of antenne and upper margin of part

of basal portion of third joint clothed with black hair.

Thorax: dorsum with a pair of conspicuous crescentic pearl-

grey marks on hind border, one in front of each basal angle

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 407

of scutellum; hind margin of latter olive-grey, olive-brown

area on disk sometimes divided; pectus and pleurz drab-

grey. Abdomen clothed for the most part with minute

ochraceous hairs, darker parts of dorsum with brownish

hair; venter yellowish grey, unicolorous. Wings brownish,

pale markings clearly defined throughout, from base of basal

cells to end of fork of third longitudinal vein, but coarse and

much broken up, especially in apical portion ; stigma russet

or pale ochraceous, elongate, and well defined; pale loop at

distal end of stigma rather narrow; first submarginal cell

crossed by pale marks at subequal intervals, and sometimes

with a relatively rather large pale blotch at its distal extre-

mity, in angle formed by upper branch of third vein with

costa ; second submarginal cell crossed by three pale streaks,

and in addition usually with a pale mark immediately below

tip of upper branch of third vein ; posterior cells with a

distal series of oblique detached pale marks, running at an

angle of about 45° to hind margin, and sometimes also with

a series of pale marks along hind margin itself, in the proximal

angles formed by the veins ; rosettes round distal extremities

of discal and basal cells more oy less distinct; discal cell

with two pale marks across central portion and usually a

third pale mark in distal extremity ; markings in basal, anal,

and axillary cells normal, an almost complete loop at base of

axillary cell, in angle formed by sixth longitudinal vein.

Halteres light mummy-brown, stalk cream-coloured. Legs:

middle and hind tarsi brown, except basal three-fourths of

first joints, front tarsi as usual darker.

Angola: type and eleven other specimens from Benguella,

1905 (Dr. F. Creighton Wellman).

In the abdominal markings, at any rate, Hematopota

brevicornis, like H. pallidipennis, presents a certain resem-

blance to H. brunnescens, Ricardo, alluded to above; but,

apart from its usually smaller size, it may be distinguished,

inter alia, by the shortness of the terminal annuli of the

third antennal joint and by the coarseness of the pale

markings of the wings.

Hematopota bullatifrons, sp. n.

?.—Length (5 specimens) 8°6 to 10 mm.; width of

head 3°25 to 3°5 mm.; width of front at vertex 1 to 13 mm. ;

length of wing 8 to 9 mm.

Dark-coloured species, with grey-striped thorax and dark

brown, very distinctly marked wings.—Head smoke-grey,

frontal callus a shining clove-brown or black knob, not ex-

27*

408 Mr. B. E. Austen on new

tending beyond anienna on each side; thorax seal-brown ;

scutellum smoke-grey, hind border seal-brown ; abdomen clove-

brown or black, hind borders of segments cinereous ; legs

black or blackish brown, middle femora lighter, front tibie

with a cream-buff band close to base, two bands on middle and

hind tibie (often incomplete or indistinct in case of latter) and

base of first joint of middle and hind tarsi buff, front and hind

tibie expanded, front and hind femora and hind tibia fringed

above and below with long black hair, middie femora and outer

side of hind femora and tibie also clothed with greyish-white

hair.

Head: lateral frontal dark brown spots large, con-

spicuous, not in contact with eyes, median frontal spot small,

inconspicuous, vertex with a large seai-brown spot on each

side of middle line; a large clove-brown or black spot below

and in contact with inner angle of each eye, on a level with

antenne, and a third spot of same colour between antenne

below callus, with which it is in contact; frontal callus

widely separated from eyes, its upper margin convex; lower

part of face and jowls clothed with yellowish-white hair;

palpi smoke-grey, clothed with yellowish-white hair, distal

half of last jot black, clothed with minute black hairs, last

joint but little expanded at base; first joint of antenne buff,

expanded towards tip, which is dark brown, second joint

clove-brown, third joint seal-brown or dark brown, extreme

base buff, basal portion elongate, slender, and tapering, last

annulus equal in length to two preceding annuli taken

together. Thorax: median dorsal stripe stopping short of

hind margin, admedian stripes expanding posteriorly, curving

outwards on hind margin and running forwards again as far

or nearly as far as transverse suture, with a backward process

on each side on to postalar callus ; pleuree and pectus smoke-

grey. Abdomen: cinereous hind border of second segment

expanded in middle line into a narrow forwardly-directed

triangle, hind borders of all segments expanded on sides,

sixth and seventh segments each with a pair of admedian

grey spots; abdomen clothed above with short blackish hair,

except hind borders and sides of segments, which are clothed

with whitish hair; venter cinereous, clothed with minute

appressed whitish hair, last three segments except hind

margins black and clothed with black hair. Wings: a very

conspicuous, quadrate, dark brown blotch extends downwards

from stigma ; as far as third longitudinal vein it is usually

unbroken, below this its continuation widens out and in-

‘cludes rosette round distal end of discal cell, the markings

composing which are slender and sharply defined ; another,

African Phlebotomice Diptera. 409

somewhat triangular and rather paler brown blotch, extends

downwards from tip of marginal cell, its apex reaching

lower branch of third vein; a third, basad, dark brown

blotch extends from second longitudinal vein in middle of

first basal cell to anal angle, widening out below; in tip of

wing a sinuous light mark, broadest above, runs from end

of second vein to distal extremity of second posterior cell ;

beyond this, in extreme tip of second submarginal cell, is a

second light mark, sometimes connected with former above,

in other cases fused with it to form a large light mark close

to tip of wing ; markings forming rosettes on each side of

blotch below stigma usually more or less coalescent above,

where they reach costa, so that there is a light area of some

extent at each end of stigma; a large light area in distal

extremity of first posterior cell, in connexion with rosette

round fork of third vein; a series of narrow disconnected

curved marks running across middle of second and following

posterior cells, and a series of pale blotches on hind margin, one

in distal angle of each posterior cell except fourth; proximal

extremity of discal cell, distal extremities of both basal cells

(partly) and of anal and axillary cells, as well as a narrow

sinuous mark running from hind margin of axillary cell to

fifth vein, a curved mark in anal angle with concave side

basad, a mark across second basal cell near its base, and

usually another in first basal cell nearer its middle, pale ;

extreme bases of both basal cells generally with pale

markings; alula uniformly dark brown. Halteres dark

brown, stalk buff. Legs: middle and hind femora partly

ochraceous buff, greyish pollinose; greyish-white hair

mingling with upper part of fringe on outer side of hind

tibize.

Northern Nigeria: type and one other specimen from

Zungeru, June-July 1905 (Dr. Dalziel, per Dr. J. H.

Ashworth); three specimens from Zungeru, July 1907,

Marca, 4. vu. 1907, and Katsena Allah, August 1907,

respectively (J. Brand).

While presenting a certain superficial resemblance in

facies to Hematopota decora, Walk. (syn. H. dorsalis, Lw.),

H. bullatifrons is not closely allied to any of its African

congeners known to me, from which, apart from other

characters, it can at once be distinguished by its swollen and

fringed hind tibie.

Hematopota torquens, sp. n.

?.—Length (2 specimens) 9 to 9°2 mm.; width of head

410 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

3 mm.; width of front at vertex just under 1 mm.,; length

of wing 8 mm.

Brown; frontal callus large, clove-brown or black ; dorsum

of thorax bistre, of abdomen mummy-brown, darker towards

tip, hind margins of segments lighter, greyish buff; wings

sepia-coloured, light markings buff, largely moniliform, rosetics

rather indistinct ; femora ochraceous buff, tips brown; front

tarst and distal half of front tibie black or blackish brown,

basal half of front tibie cream-coloured, clothed with whiie

hair ; middle and hind tibie and tarsi dark mummy-brown, two

bands on tibie and basal two-thirds of first tarsal joints buff

or cream-buff ; distal half of front tibia expanded.

Head: front yellowish grey, face and jowls light grey,

latter clothed with white hair, lateral frontal dark brown

spots large, conspicuous, in contact with eyes when seen

from below, median frontal spot very small or wanting ;

frontal callus extending from eye to eye, depth of its sides equal

to half its width, upper margin rising to a point in middle

line; aclove-brown spot in middle line below callus, with which

it is in contact; palpi buff, last joint elongate, not greatly

expanded at base, clothed on outer side with minute black

hairs, intermixed with some yellowish hairs towards base ;

antenne cinnamon-coloured, basal portion of third joint

except extreme base browner, terminal annuli dark brown,

last annulus equal or almost equal in length to two preceding

annuli taken together, first jot of antenne somewhat ex-

panded towards tip, but not markedly incrassate, basal

portion of third jomt elongate. Thorax: dorsum, including

scutellum, clothed with minute shining yellow hairs, easily

rubbed off; dorsum marked with three narrow smoke-grey

stripes, more or less indistinct except in front, continuation

of admedian stripe on each side marked by a spot behind

transverse suture and usual crescentic mark on hind margin ;

pleure and pectus smoke-grey, clothed with whitish hair.

Abdomen : dorsum clothed with minute brownish hairs; hind

margins of segments with yellowish hair, median portion of

front margin of second segment sometimes narrowly grey ;

venter smoke-grey, clothed with minute appressed whitish

hairs, hind margins of segments except last lighter. Wings:

stigma dark mummy-brown, distinct, but brown blotch below

it not conspicuous or sharply defined, on other hand brown

colour in tip of wing, that is beyond rosette round fork of

third vein, somewhat darker than elsewhere ; in extreme tip

of wing an irregular curved mark, with its concavity towards

apex of wing, runs down from below end of second longi-

tudinal vein, and is indistinctly connected with margin in

African Phlebotomic Diptera. ALL

middle of end of second submarginal cell ; light mark (upper

margin of rosette) immediately beyond stigma small and

narrow ; posterior cells crossed diagonally by several series

of disconnected or semi-disconnected moniliform marks, and

all except fourth with a light mark in distal angle on wing-

margin ; discal cell with a minute light mark in proximal

angle, a transverse mark before middle, and a more or less

incemplete loop in distal half ; markings in basal and axil-

lary cells of normal type, apex of anal cell not light-coloured.

Halteres cream-buff, base of knob brownish above and

below.

Ashanti: Insu, Gold Coast Government Railway, 17. vii.

1906 (Dr. W. M. Graham).

Hematopota torquens is closely allied to H. cordigera, Bigot

(Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. lx. 1891, p. 869 *—nec Bigot, Mém.

Soc. Zool. Fr. v. 1892, p. 626), the type of which from

Assini, Ivory Coast, I have been enabled to examine through

the courtesy of Mr. G. H. Verrall, in whose possession it

now is. These two species present a strong similarity to

each other in certain details, such as the shape of the frontal

callus and antenne, but H. torquens is distinguished, énter

alia, by the disk of the scutellum being brown, like the

remainder of the dorsum of the thorax, instead of smoke-

grey, by the deeper yellow colour of the hair clothing the

dorsum of the thorax, the paler femora, the first joint of the

hind tarsi being cream-buff except the distal third, mstead

* Syn. H. guineensis, Bigot, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. xvi. 1891, p. 76,

Although the name guineensis was published before cordigera, Bigot

(Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. doc. czt.), the description (only two lines) is too short

to be recognizable. In the original label on the type of . cordigera

(Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. loc. cit.) the word cordigera has been struck out and

guineensis inserted below in Bigot’s handwriting. It is evident that

Bigot, after reading (February 11, 1891) his paper on the Diptera

collected by M. Ch. Alluaud in Assini, in which the original A. cordi-

gera was described (Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr. doc. cit.), thought that the name

cordigera would be more appropriate to the species from India to which

it was applied by him (without, however, a recognizable description) in

the “* Tableau Sue ea Ne ” of the species of the genus Hematopota, read

before the Société Zovlogique de France on February 24, 1891 (Bull. Soe.

Zool. Fr. loc. cit.), in which the West-African species styled cordigera in

the paper read thirteen days previously is called guineensis. Although

read later, the paper in the Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. was actually published

some months earlier (certainly before the end of May 1891) than that in

the Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., which did not appear until December 23, 1891;

but, as has already been stated, H. guineensis, Bigot, is insufficiently

characterized. It follows from this that the name cordigera, Bigot, must

be reserved for the West-African species and that H. cordigera, Bigot,

Mém. Soe. Zool. Fr. 1892, p. 626, from Bengal, must be renamed. I

would propose to term the latter species Hematopota fuscifrons.

412 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

of entirely brown, as well as by certain differences in the

wing-markings.

Hematopota vexans, sp. n.

@.—Length (1 specimen) 6°5 mm.; width of head

2:25 mm. ; width of front at vertex 1 mm.; length of wing

6°6 mm.

Small brown species, with dark brown distinctly marked

wings ; thorax dark sepia-coloured, front part of dorsum with

beginnings of three narrow grey stripes ; scutelium smoke-grey ;

abdomen uniform clove-brown, dorsum with hind margins of

segments except last narrowly pearl-grey ; wings with cream-

coloured light markings, rosettes somewhat confused, a con-

spicuous transverse light mark connecting tip of second and

that of lower branch of third vein, and a light mark in distal

angle of each posterior cell, on hind margin ; legs dark brown,

all tibie with narrow indistinct pale band close to buse, middle

tibie with a second indistinct pale band below middle, first

joint of middle and hind tarsi except tip cream or cream-buff,

other joints pale at base, first joint of front tarsi except tip

mummy-brown ; front tibie incrassate.

Head: front wide, mouse-grey, face and jowls pearl-grey,

latter clothed with whitish hair, face on each side with a

narrow, horizontal, dark brown streak below level of an-

tenne ; lateral frontal dark brown spots large, conspicuous,

each surrounded by a distinct ight grey ring and narrowly

separated from eye, median frontal spot small, inconspicuous ;

frontal callus seal-brown, narrow from above downwards in

centre, but deeper at sides, running straight across from eye

to eye, upper margin straight, a conspicuous quadrate clove-

brown spot in middle line below, in contact with lower

margin of callus; basal joint of palpi dark brown, clothed

with long whitish hairs below and black hairs on outer side,

terminal joint drab-grey or mouse-grey, relatively large,

elongate, somewhat swollen, blunt at tip, clothed on outer

side with blackish and below with yellowish hair ; first and

second joints of antenne russet, third jot mummy-brown,

last three annuli clove-brown, first joint somewhat elongate,

not incrassate, curved, with concave side outwards, upper

angle of second joint blunt, basal portion of third joint

elliptical, terminal annuli flattened from side to side.

Thorax: dorsum (including scutellum) clothed with minute

pale yellowish hairs, continuation of admedian stripes in

shape of a small grey spot on each side behind transverse

suture, and usual crescentic marks on hind margin, con-

tinuation of median stripe distinct from midway between

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 413

suture and hind margin; pleuree and pectus mouse-grey.

Abdomen clothed with blackish hair, dorsum with sides of

second and third segments and hind margins of all segments

except last two clothed with minute whitish hairs. Wings:

daik brown blotch below stigma clearly defined, extending

unbroken to below third vein, with an oblique prolongation

across first posterior and discal cells ; in marginal cell imme-

diately beyond stigma a complete flattened light ring en-

closing a centre of brown colour; a series of disconnected

oblique light markings running across all posterior cells ; a

hight marking in each extremity of discal cell and of

both basal cells, and a large ight marking occupying distal

half of anal cell; similar ight markings (remains of rosette)

at base of first submarginal and first, fourth, and fifth poste-

rior cells ; a small indistinct light mark at distal extremity

of second costal cell; a large light loop in anal angle, with

narrow opening above, below sixth vein, and a continuation

each way along latter; alula with a light border. Halteres

brownish, stalk cream-coloured. Legs: black hair on outer .

side of hind tibie fairly thick.

Congo Free State, 1904 (Drs. Dutton, Todd, and Christy).

In some respects, such as coloration of body and width of

front, this species resembles Hematopota longa, Ricardo, the

type of which is from the Nyasaland Protectorate ; apart

from its much smaller size, however, H. verans may be

distinguished, inter alia, by the fact that in the wing the

stigma is not conspicuous, being lost in the dark colour of

the brown blotch below it, and by the absence of a second

light band on the hind tibia.

Hematopota brucei, sp. n.

?.—Length (1 specimen) 11 mm.; width of head

4mm.; width of front at vertex 1°2 mm. ; length of wing

10°75 mm.

Clove-brown, abdomen blackish brown or black, hind margins

of segments except first light grey on dorsum ; face with a deep

black transverse band above, white below; hind margin of

thorax greyish white, with forwardly-directed processes ; ante-

rior half of disk of scutellum greyish white ; wings black or

blackish brown, light markings much reduced ; legs black, all

tibie with a broad white or cream-coloured band close to base,

middle tibie with a second band on distal half; hind tarsi

entirely black. ,

Head: front clove-brown, a narrow greyish-white edging

on each side above lateral frontal Llackish-brown spot,

414. Mr. E. E. Austen on new

below which is also a small light fleck, greyish-white edging

broader on vertex, narrower in middle; lateral frontal

blackish-brown spots large, conspicuous, and broadly in

contact with eyes, median spot also distinct ; frontal callus

very narrow from above downwards, running straight across

from eye to eye, upper margin straight ; upper edge of black

_ transverse band on face in contact with callus, lower edge

level with lowest part of margin of eye on each side; jowls

and lower part of face clothed with white hair; palpi cream-

coloured, basal joint brownish below, terminal joimt not

greatly elongate, clothed with whitish hair, mixed on outer

side of distal half with minute black hairs; antenne clove-

brown, first joint cylindrical, somewhat incrassate, notched

above near tip, clothed with black hair and shining on outer

side, second joint with upper angle greatly produced, basal

portion of third joint somewhat elongate, deep at base and

tapering to distal extremity. Thorag: dorsum in front with

commencement of a pair of narrow greyish-white admedian

stripes, in line with each of which and behind transverse

suture is a greyish-white spot; greyish-white hind border,

which includes inner halves of postalar calli, clothed with

yellowish hair and produced forwards into a broad pointed

process on each side and a narrow median pointed prolonga-

tion ; between median and each lateral process is a small

angulate process, tips of three longer processes in line with

each other; a small elongate greyish-white fleck on each

side, behind humeral callus; pleurz with a broad longitu-

dinal greyish-white stripe covering upper portion of meso-

pleura and extending on to pteropleura, sternopleura also

with an oval greyish-white spot on posterior half of its

upper margin. Abdomen: first segment light grey on poste-

rior angles, second segment light grey on sides, its grey hind

margin deeper than that of other segments ; sixth segment

with a pair of grey spots in front; venter grey on first three

segments except anterior angles and with a grey blotch on

each side of next three segments, leaving anterior angles

blackish brown; ventral surface of seventh segment, except

extreme hind margin, which, like that of the two preceding

segments, 1s cream-buff, and lateral edges, which are grey,

wholly blackish brown; venter clothed on grey areas with

short yellowish hair, elsewhere, like dorsum, with black

hair. Wings black or blackish brown from extreme base,

stigma dark seal-brown, large, sharply defined, and con-

spicuous ; usual rosette round distal extremity of discal cell

wanting, so that blackish-brown blotch below stigma extends

almost unbroken to posterior margin ; light mark in extreme

African Phlebotomic Diptera. A15

tip of wing below end of second vein very faint, indistinctly

bifurcate in first submarginal cell; a group of three some-

what more distinct light marks in basal half of second sub-

marginal cell, proximal mark the longest, continued across

first submarginal cell to second longitudinal vein, middle

mark connecting the two branches of third vein, distal mark

a mere spot on lower branch of latter; a small, roughly

circular, light mark in marginal cell at distal extremity of

stigma, enclosing a darker centre and with a nearly straight

prolongation running downwards across first submarginal

cell to third vein before its bifurcation ; a large light blotch

occupying distal extremity of first posterior cell, and a small,

sharply defined, light spot on lower side of third vein, below

end of appendix to upper branch of latter; usual series of

oblique, disconnected, light markings running across poste-

rior cells scarcely indicated, but a series of light blotches on

hind margin in or near distal angles of second, third, and

fifth posterior cells, and a larger light blotch round end of

sixth vein and in apex of anal cell; rosette round distal

extremities of basal cells incomplete but well detined, a large

curved light mark near tip of second basal cell especially

noticeable; first and second costal cells but very slightly

infuscated ; discal cell entirely dark, except a single, well-

defined, transverse light mark before middle; axillary cell

with a small light spot near centre of its hind margin ;

alula entirely dark. Halteres cream-coloured. Legs clothed

with whitish hair on light bands, elsewhere with black hair ;

first joint of middle tarsi cream-buff at extreme base.

Uganda: Unyoro, 1908 (Colonel David Bruce, C.B.,

R.A.M.C., F.R.S.).

This handsome species, which I have much pleasure in

naming in honour of its discoverer, is closely allied to

Hematopota decora, Walk. (syn. H. dorsalis, Lw.), which

also occurs in Uganda, though its type is from Natal. The

following summary may serve to indicate the chief points in

which H. brucei differs from H. decora:—tront almost

entirely clove-brown, grey colour confined to lateral margins

of upper half, and a minute fleck below each lateral frontal

blackish-brown spot (in H. decora the front is grey, with

brown markings) ; median process from grey hind border of

thorax pointed instead of usually ending bluntly, lateral

processes of same larger, not divided, and extending as far

forward as median process ; hind tarsi entirely black, instead

of first jomt having broad cream-coloured band at base;

much greater extent of dark colour in wing, pale marking

close to apex quite small and indistinct, discal cell entirely

i re eee

416 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

dark with exception of a single transverse light mark before

middle.

Hematopota cruenia, sp. D.

° Length (1 specimen) 9mm. ; width of head 3-2 mm. ;

width of front at vertex just under 1 mm.; length of wing

7 mm. |

Clove-brown, dorsum of abdomen with kind margins of

segments and a double series of spots grey; frontal callus

large, black, extending from eye to eye, upper margin pro-

duced upwards into a blunt median process ; a large, circular,

shining black median tubercle on face below antenne ; posie-

rior margin of thorax and base of scuiellum light grey;

infuscation of wings uniform and extending to base, but not

dark, light markings distinct, rosettes more or less broken up

into spots; legs black, all tibie with a broad white band close

io base, middle tibie with a second narrower band on distal

half, first joint of middle and hid tarsi cream-coloured at

base.

Head smoke-grey, front with a brownish mark on each side

above lateral spot, sides of face with black blotches (partly

denuded ?) and clothed like jowls with whitish hair, lateral

frontal and median frontal dark brown spots small, former in

contact with or scarcely separated from eyes; palpi mouse-

grey, lighter at extreme tips, clothed with shining whitish

hair; anfenne clove-brown, basal portion of third jomt some-

what lighter and elongate-ovate, first jomt short, not or

scarcely incrassate, pollinose, clothed with whitish hairs

beneath. Thorax: dorsum with commencements of three

pearl-grey stripes in front, further back continuation of each

admedian stripe is represented by a small pearl-grey spot

behind transverse suture and usual crescentic mark on hind

margin, a very narrow continuation of mediaa stripe runs

forward from hind margm rather more than halfway to

transverse suture; humeral calli pearl-grey above; pleure

and pectus mouse-grey, former clothed with whitish hair ;

dorsum sparsely clothed with minute shining yellowish hairs.

Abdomen: grey hind margin of dorsum of second segment

the deepest, first four segments grey on sides, spots on third

and fourth segments larger than rest; first three (really

first four) segments of venter grey, remainder clove-brown

with grey hind margins; grey areas above and below clothed

with minute whitish hairs, -lsewhere abdomen clothed for

most part with blackish hair, last segment of dorsum with

longer whitish hair on hind margin. Wigs with conspicuous

African Phlebotomic Diptera. ALT

dark brown stigma, below which a small quadrate brownish

blotch descends to third vein; light mark beyond stigma

also conspicuous, roughly circular, with small dark centre ;

apical sinuous light mark from tip of second longitudinal

vein to lower branch of third distinct, as also mark in second

submarginal cell, between former and rosette round fork of

third vein ; usual three rosettes distinct, though broken up

as stated above; hind margin of wing with large light

blotches in distal angles of first, second, third, and fifth

posterior cells and axillary cell; usual oblique markings

across posterior cells in form of more or less detached spots ;

discal cell with a small hght spot in or near proximal and

distal angles, a transverse light mark at end of basal third,

-and a second transverse light mark (broken up into two spots

in typical specimen) at commencement of distal third; light

marking in apex of each basal cell in form of an imperfect

loop, and each of these cells with usual transverse mark

before middle ; an incomplete double loop at commencement

of distal third of anal cell; markings in axillary cell of

usual type, but incomplete. //alteres cream-coloured, knob

seal-brown at base above and below. Legs: front tibiz

slightly incrassated ; hind femora with some silvery hairs on

distal half of upper side; hind tibize with a faint indication

of a lighter mark (a rudimentary or vestigial band) on outer

side of distal half.

S.-E. Congo Free State: Ruwe, Lualaba River (circa

11° S., 26° E.), February 1906 (Dr. A. Yale Massey).

Hematopota cruenta is not closely allied to any other

African species at present known to me; although agreeing

with H. decora, Walk., in the markings of the tibiz, it is

easily distinguishable from that species by, inter alia, the

shape of the frontal callus, the short and non-swollen first

joint of the antennze, the facial markings, and the marking

of the dorsum of the thorax.

Hematopota sanguinaria, sp. n.

? .—Length (3 specimens) 8 to 8°6 mm.; width of head

2°8 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°75 mm.; length of

wing 7°3 to 7°5 mm.

Mummy-brown, with darker brown grey-spotted abdomen,

last joint of antenne tawny ochraceous, distal portion of scutel-

lum conspicuously ochraceous buff.

Head yellowish grey, clothed below with yellowish hair,

sides of front nearly parallel, front but little expanded

below; lateral frontal dark. brown spots well marked, in

A418 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

contact with or narrowly separated from eyes, median frontal

spot very small; frontal callus mummy-brown to clove-brown,

relatively deep, extending from eye to eye, lower margin

straight, upper margin usually slightly convex ; no distinct

spot below callus, between bases of antenne; palpi buff or

cream-buff, terminal joint elongate, clothed on outer side

with minute black hairs and on under side of basal portion

with yellowish hair; first joint of antenne shining ochraceous,

incrassate when viewed from above, clothed like second joint

with short black hair, upper angle of second joint greatly

produced, basal portion of third joint elongate-ovate, last

three annuli of same colour as basal portion, terminal annulus

brownish only at extreme tip. Thorav: usual three stripes

on dorsum smoke-grey, median stripe entire, admedian stripes

sometimes more or less interrupted behind expansions on

posterior margin of transverse suture; humeral calli drab-

grey, adjacent area smoke-grey ; pectus and pleure smoke-

grey, clothed with whitish hair ; dorsum (including scutellum)

sparsely clothed with minute shining yellowish hairs; scutel-

lum with a narrow mouse-grey transverse band close to base.

Abdomen: dorsum of each segment, except sometimes first

or first and last, with a pair of conspicuous admedian smoke-

grey or drab-grey spots, except on first and second segments

applied to front margins of segments, forming a double series

extending throughout entire length of abdomen; hind

margins of segments and a more or less conspicuous median

longitudinal stripe on each segment except first and last

yellowish grey; venter greyish buff, clothed with minute

yellowish hairs, Wings: infuscation pale brown, uniform,

rosettes and other light markings distinct, though markings

forming rosettes largely broken up into spots ; stigma well-

marked, pale brown to dark brown, with lght marking at

each extremity small but well defined, that at distal extre-

mity of stigma roughly circular or oval, with dark centre;

apical sinuous marking, from tip of second longitudinal to

lower branch of third vein widely interrupted in second sub-

marginal cell; usual oblique marks across posterior cells

sometimes more or less broken up into spots; light marks

along hind margin, in distal angles of first, second, third, and

fifth posterior cells, and axillary cell small; discal cell with

two light marks across its central portion, and sometimes a

minute light fleck in its proximal angle; light markings in

basal, anal, and axillary cells of normal type but not exten-

sive, those at distal extremity of each basal cell sometimes

merely consisting of a transverse mark at commencement of

distal third. Halteres cream-coloured, knob brownish at

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 419

base above and below. Legs: femora buff; front tibiz and

tarsi dark brown, with a whitish or cream-buff band on

former near base; middle and hind tibiz and tarsi light

brown or brownish, two bands on tibiz and first joint of tarsi

except tip cream-buff; front tibize not or scarcely incrassate.

North-western Rhodesia: Lunga River, Kasempa District,

7. ix. 1907; on roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus, Geoff.)

(Dr. A. Yale Massey).

In the marking and coloration of the legs, as also in

having a spotted abdomen, Hematopota sanguinaria agrees

with H. brunnescens, Ricardo, the type of which is from

Uganda; H. sanguinaria, however, apart from its usually

smaller size, may be distinguished from the species in ques-

tion by the shape of its antenne * (especially by the terminal

annuli of the third joint not being sharply marked off from

each other), by the much narrower front and the absence of

a dark brown band between each antenna and the eye, by

the grey stripes on the thorax being broader and not so

sharply defined, by the ochraceous buff tip to the scutellum,

and by the wing-markings being broken up into spots. The

conspicuous ochraceous buff colour of the greater part of the

scutellum in H. sanguinaria will serve to distinguish the

species from any other described African. Hematopota at

present known to me.

Hematopota fusca, sp. un.

?.—Length (6 specimens) 84 to 9 mm.; width of

head 2°6 to 2°8 mm.; width of front at vertex just under 1 mm.

to 1 mm.; length of wing 8°25 to 8°75 mm.

Body and wings dark brown; stripes on thorax incon-

spicuous ; dorsum of second, third, fourth, and fifth abdo-

minal segments sometimes with a pair of not very conspicuous

mouse-grey spots ; light markings in wings clearly defined,

usual three rosettes present and each composed of a single

series of markings, apical sinuous marking especially con-

spicuous, broad above immediately below end of second longitu-

dinal vein, interrupted in second submarginal cell ; front tibie

with one broad pale band, middle and hind tibie each with two

narrower pale bands.

Head; front dark brown, grey only on extreme lateral

margins and immediately below lateral frontal spots, face and

* From the shape of its antennee Hematopota brunnescens, Ricardo,

would appear to belong to the genus Parhematopota, Griinberg (‘ Zoolo-

cischer Anzeiger,’ xxx. Bd, nr, 11/12, July 3, 1906, p. 860), founded for

P. cognata, Griinb. (2bed.), from German Kast Africa and Zanzibar.

490 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

jowls yellowish grey, a dark brown horizontal mark between

antenna and eye on each side ; clove-brown lateral frontal

spots conspicuous, in contact with eyes, produced downwards

and inwards towards frontal callus, which they often touch,

median frontal spot small but distinct, a narrower lighter

(sometimes olive-grey) median stripe extending upwards

from it on to vertex; frontal callus dark mummy-brown, of

moderate depth, extending from eye to eye, upper and lower

margins nearly straight, dark brown spot in middle line

below callus not very distinct ; palpi dark brown or greyish

brown, clothed with brownish hairs, terminal joint elongate,

more or less cylindrical, but little expanded at base ; first

joint of antenne light mummy-brown, shining and strongly

incrassate, inner margin convex when seen from above,

second joint russet, its upper angle moderately prominent,

third joint wanting. Thorax: dorsum with indications of

three narrow lighter stripes, pleurze and pectus mouse-grey.

Abdomen: veuter greyish brown; extreme hind margins of

segments on ventral as well as dorsal surfaces usually paler ;

dorsal and ventral surfaces clothed with short brownish hair,

with sparse yellowish hairs, longer towards distal extremity,

near hind margins of segments. Wings: oblique hight marks

across first four posterior cells usually broken up into two

spots in each cell; light markings along hind margin, if

present, small and inconspicuous, sometimes distinguishable

in distal angles of first, second, third, and fifth posterior

cells and at tip of sixth longitudinal vein; stigma well-

marked, long, dark brown, no light mark at its proximal

extremity (except a minute and scarcely visible fleck at ex-

treme tip of second costal cell), but a clearly defined though

incomplete circular or oval light mark immediately beyond

it; discal cell with a very small light fleck in its proximal

angle and with two widely separated transverse light marks,

the proximal mark curved, with its concave side towards base

of wing, the distal mark broken up into a pair of spots ;

basal cells each with a pair of transverse light marks, wider

apart in case of second basal cell, near tip of which there is

sometimes also an ill-defined light mark; an angulate and

sinuous light streak running across axillary and anal cells,

and a semicircular light mark in proximal angle of axillary

cell. Halteres seal-brown, stalk cream-buff. Legs : femora

dark brown; front tibize and tarsi clove-brown, with a broad

cream-coloured band close to base of former; middle and

hind tibige and tarsi brown, two bands on tibie, first joints of

tarsi except tips, and bases of next two joints cream-buff ;

front tibigze not incrassate.

African Phlebotomie Diptera. 421

Uganda: type and three other specimens received from

Colonel David Bruce, C.B., R.A.M.C., F.R.S., 1903; one

specimen from Uganda, 1904, and another from Nimule,

Uganda, November 1904, “on cattle” (Captain E. D. W.

Greig, I.M.S.).

Although agreeing as regards its leg-markings with many

other African species, Hematopota fusca may be distinguished

from any of its African congeners at present known to me

by the uniformly sombre colour of the body, by the fact that

the light rosettes in the dark brown wings each consist of

but a single series of marks, and by the very conspicuous

upper portion of the light mark near the apex of the wing.

Hematopota lacessens, sp. un.

? .—Length (6 specimens) 6°8 to 7°4 mm. ; width of head

2°25 to 2°4 mm. ; width of front at vertex 1 mm. ; length of

wing 6°6 to 7:2 mm.

Body and wings dark sepia-coloured ; dorsum of thorax

with three narrow, smoke-grey, longitudinal stripes, con-

spicuous in front, less distinct towards hind margin; abdomen

sometimes with grey spots or blotches on dorsum, hind margins

of segments lighter ; light markings in wings clearly defined,

usually more or less moniliform, rosettes fairly distinct, a series

of light streaks along hind margin, one in each posterior cell

and at distal extremity of axillary cell ; legs dark brown, front

tibie paler (cream-buff to ochraceous buff) at base, middle

tibie sometimes with a pair of indistinct paler bands, hind tibie

without bands.

Head: front mouse-grey to dark brown, light grey only on

extreme lateral margins and round lateral frontal spots, a

narrow pearl-grey median stripe running from median

frontal spot to vertex; face and jowls light grey, a seal-

brown band running from antenna to eye on each side;

front broad, widening slightly below; clove-brown lateral

frontal spots large, conspicuous, in contact with or narrowly

separated from eyes, median frontal spot small; frontal

callus clove-brown, narrow from above downwards, extending

straight across from eye to eye; palpi mouse-grey, terminal

joint elongate, but little expanded at base, clothed with

blackish hair ; first joint of antenne swollen, shining mummy-

brown, second joint and basal portion of third joint chestnut,

upper angle of former not produced, basal portion of third

joint truncate cylindrical-ovate, not markedly elongate,

terminal annuli clove-brown, flattened from side to side, last

annulus approximately equal in length to two preceding

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol.i. 28

422 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

annuli taken together. Thorax: on dorsum, in addition to

grey stripes, humeral calli, an area behind them, and poste-

rior border of transverse suture on each side are also grey;

pleuree and pectus mouse-grey ; dorsum sparsely clothed with

minute yellowish hairs ; posterior border (sometimes distal

half) of scutellum smoke-grey. Abdomen: dorsum clothed

with minute yellowish hairs, extreme hind margins of seg-

ment except first usually smoke-grey, second, third, fourth, -

and fifth segments sometimes with a pair of large, admedian,

basal, smoke-grey spots, and also with a median, basal,

smoke-grey spot, sometimes more or less triangular, and, —

like the admedian spots, not extending to hind margin ;

venter dark brown, extreme hind margins of segments smoke-

grey. Wings: second submarginal cell usually with four

transverse light marks, apical mark, which is close to tip of

wing, sometimes large and conspicuous, sometimes indistinct

or obsolete ; stigma dark brown, well defined, no conspicuous

light mark before it, light mark beyond it a thin semicircular

or oval curve; a second light mark often present in marginal

cell in shape of a small fleck immediately above second

longitudinal vein, close to distal extremity of cell; discal cell

usually with two transverse ight marks (one or both some- ~

times broken up into two spots), and a curved mark close to .

distal extremity of cell, but not in contact with veins forming

its distal boundary ; oblique marks across posterior cells

often more or less broken up into spots ; markings in basal,

anal, and axillary cells of normal type, light mark in upper

proximal angle of axillary cell very distinct, sometimes a

complete circle. Halteres seal-brown, stalk ochraceous buff. —

Legs: first joint of middle and hind tarsi (sometimes also —

second and third joints) ochraceous buff at base (in some

cases ochraceous buff except distal extremity); front tibize

incrassate. . .

Northern Nigeria: type from Keffi, Nassarawa Province,

4, ix. 1907, “on horse” (Dr. R. F. Williams) ; other speci-

mens from Zungeru, Zaria Province, 12. vii. 1905 (Dr. Dalziel),

Zaria, Zaria Province, 15. vii. 1907 (J. Brand), Allowa, a

Kontagora Province, 2. 1x. 1908 (Dr. J. J. A. Raye, per

Sir Patrick Manson, K.C.M.G., F.R.S.).

This species, which is said by Dr. Raye toswarm at Konta-

gora, would appear to be particularly bloodthirsty. Dr. R. F.

Williams writes that it is “a very aggressive biter both of

horse and man,” and the specimen from Kontagora bit

Dr. Raye and sucked his blood inside a mosquito-net.

Hematopota lacessens is not closely allied to any of the

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 423

hitherto described African species of its genus at present

known to me, from almost all of which it can at once be

distinguished by the absence of bands on the hind tibiz.

The Museum series, however, includes a single damaged

female of an undescribed species from Akwatcha, Bassa

Province, N. Nigeria, June 1906 (Dr. G. J. Pirie), which, in

addition to presenting some resemblance to H. lacessens in

facies, also has no bands on the hind tibiz ; still this species

caunot bé mistaken for H. lacessens, since in it the front

tibize are not swollen.

Hematopota pertinens, sp. 0.

? .—Length (55 specimens) 7°3to 10 mm.; width of head

2°4 to 8 mm.; width of front at vertex just under 1 mm. to

1:2 mm.; length of wing 7 to 9 mm.

Somewhat narrow and elongate in shape, olive-grey to smoke-

grey or yellowish grey, dorsum of thorax with four complete and

strongly marked olive-brown longitudinal stripes, dorsum of

abdomen with a quadrate olive-brown bloich on each segment

after the first, on each side of middle line, blotches not reaching

_ hind margins of segments and each enclosing a yellowish grey

spot ; wings sepia-coloured, darkest at distal extremity, some-

— what lighter towards base, light markings tinged with buff;

~ clearly defined and extending to base, but close together, so

that rosettes are indistinct ; legs russet, tips of femora some-

times brown, front tarsi, tips of middle and hind tarsi, and

front tibie except base dark brown ; middle and hind tibie

without bands.

- Head: front mouse-grey or brownish, lighter round clove-

-. brown lateral frontal spots, which are large, conspicuous,

- and not in contact with eyes, median frontal spot small,

. usually distinct ; a quadrate-seal-brown spot below frontal

callus in middle line ; face and jowls light smoke-grey, under

side of head clothed with whitish or pale yellowish hair ;

_ frontal callus raw-umber-coloured, of moderate depth, ex-

tending from eye to eye, upper margin straight, with a slight

‘prominence in median line ; eyes (in spirit-specimens) bronze-

_green, upper and lower angles and usual three transverse

bands clove-brown, bands separate from each other and

sharply defined, broader and more or less straight on poste-

rior half of eye, narrower and sinuous or jagged towards

inner margin ; palpi cream-buft to ochraceous buff, terminal

joint elongate, moderately expanded at base, clothed above

and on outer side with black hairs, below with yellowish

hairs ; antenne ochraceous, terminal annuli of third joint

28*

A424 Mr. EK. E. Austen on new

clove-brown (penultimate and antepenultimate annulus often

paler), flattened from side to side, last annulus as long as or

slightly longer than two preceding annuli taken together,

basal portion of third joint about one third longer than first

joint, which is only moderately swollen, upper angle of

second joint not much produced, first and second joints

clothed with black hair. Thorax : scutellum with an olive-

brown spot on each side (in specimens not in perfect con-

dition usually uniform olive-grey or smoke-grey). Abdomen

clothed with minute pale yellow or ochraceous hairs; venter

uniform smoke-grey or drab-grey ; dorsum of first segment

with an olive-brown, although not a quadrate blotch on each

side of middle line. Wings: curved light mark in marginal

cell at distal end of stigma semioval (rarely semicircular),

occasionally with a prolongation along costa to end of second .

longitudinal vein; generally four light spots (centre of

rosette) round fork of third vein, and groups of similar but

larger and coalescent spots round distal extremities of discal

and both basal cells; two sharply defined sinuous lght

streaks running across submarginal cells, usually separate

but occasionally approximate or in contact on lower branch

of third vein ; sometimes a third less sharply defined lght

streak across second submarginal cell close to tip of wing ;

a series of detached oblique light marks running across poste-

rior cells, sometimes in contact with marks representing

portions of rosettes round distal extremities of discal and

second basal cells; a series of (sometimes indistinct) light

marks along hind margin of wing, in distal angles of poste-

rior and axillary cells; discal cell normally with a large light

spot or crescentic mark at each extremity, and a transverse

mark, often large and occasionally divided or partially

divided across middle; markings in basal, anal, and axillary

cells of normal type, broad, often partly coalescent, and anal

eell almost entirely light, when markings distinct a large

light spot usually visible on sixth longitudinal vein near its

distal extremity ; first and second costal cells buff, no light

mark running up to costa before stigma, distal portion alone

of which is dark brown, rather less than proximal half being

light ochraceous. Halteres cream-buff, knob seal-brown at

base above and below.

Nyasaland Protectorate, Rhodesia, and Northern Nigeria:

type and 40 other specimens from Nyasaland Protectorate,

1905, 1907 (Dr. J. H. S. Old), including a series taken

24 miles from Blantyre, between 6 and 7 a.m. on 22. i. 1905,

concerning which the donor writes :—“ In tall green reeds ;

bit myself and native servant; usually silent and very

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 425

sluggish ” : additional specimens from Lunyina River, Henga,

W. of L. Nyasa, 3000 feet, 29.1. 1894 (Captain Richard

Crawshay) ; Lilongwe, Nyasaland Protectorate, February

1907 (Captain Hallam Hardy, R.A.M.C.) ; Kabidi Valley,

West Nyasa, June 1907 (Dr. Prentice, per Captain H.

Hardy, R.A.M.C.) ; Kasempa District, N.-W. Rhodesia, Jan.

1908 (#. A. Copeman); Salisbury, Mashonaland, Southern

Rhodesia, November 1899 (G. A. K. Marshall) ; and Anchon,

Ruka, and Allowa, N. Nigeria, 10-19. vu. 1907 (J. Brand).

Hematopota pertinens, a widely distributed species, which

is evidently exceedingly common in the Nyasaland Protecto-

~ rate, is closely allied to H. duttoni, Newst. (see below),

H. brunnipennis, Ricardo, and H. unicolor, Ricardo. These

four species constitute a natural group within which the

specific limits are not altogether easy to determine. H. similis,

Ricardo, and H. denshami, Austen, are more distantly con-

nected with this group. From H. duttoni, Newst., which it

resembles in the coloration of the body and legs, wing-

markings, &c., H. pertinens is distinguished by the basal

portion of the third joint of the antenna being shorter and

the terminal annulus longer; in the type of A. duttoni the

latter is scarcely longer than the preceding annulus. From

H. brunnipennis, Ricardo, H. pertinens is distinguished, inter

alia, by the shape and colour of the frontal callus, which in

the latter is much deeper and paler, by the wing-markings

being less coarse, closer together, and more yellowish, as

also normally by the shape of the light mark beyond the

stigma, which in the case of H. brunnipennis is semicircular.

H. unicolor, Ricardo, which is found in Uganda, differs from

H. pertinens in having the brown colour of the wing confined

to the tip and hind border, the greater part of the proximal

half of the wing being buff, while the mediastinal and first

longitudinal veins are ochraceous buff.

Hematopota duttoni, Newstead.

(‘ Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology,’ vol. i.

no. 1, Feb. 1, 1907, p. 41, pl. iv. fig. 3.—Congo Free State.)

Through the courtesy of Mr. Robert Newstead, of the

Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, I have been enabled

to examine the type of this species, which, as stated above, is

nearly allied to the foregoing. It is also closely allied to

H. unicolor, Ricardo (not to H. similis, Ricardo, as stated by

Newstead), with which it agrees in size and general colora-

tion. H. dutioni is distinguished from H. unicolor by its

496 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

darker femora, which are dark brown at the tips, by its

shorter stigma (the dark portion being confined to the distal

half), by the light mark in the wing beyond the stigma

being more elongate, by the palpi being clothed with black

instead of yellowish or ochraceous hair, and by the first joint

of the antenne being rather more elongate and less swollen

(the second and third joints are wanting in the type of

H. unicolor). The frontal callus in the type of H. duttoni is

similar to that of H. unicolor in colour and size, but has a

well-marked median upward process; the median dark

brown spot below the callus is also well-marked, though, as

usual, of small size, and is apparently what Newstead means

by “a broad rectangular spot of light rich chestnut between

the eyes” (op. cit. p. 42), while the “ clypeal spots” referred

to by the author (op. cit. p. 42) are merely the usual punc-

tured depressions on the face, which are common to the

genus.

Genus Tasanus, Linn.

Tabanus williamsii, sp. n.

9 .—Length (1 specimen) 12°3 mm.; width of head

4°2 mm.; width of front at vertex 0-4 mm.; length of wing

10 mm.

Alhed to 7. wellmanii and T. sharpei, Austen, and T. argen-

teus, Surcouf.—Front extremely narrow, upper part silvery

white when viewed from above, a quadrate area on vertex clove-

brown ; dorsum of thorax clove-brown, with a transverse band

of silvery white pile on hind border, and in front with a pair

of light grey stripes scarcely extending beyond transverse suture ;

scutellum mouse-grey, extreme base olive-grey, entirely clothed

with pale chrome-yellow mixed with longer yellowishor brownish

hair ; abdomen clove-brown, second segment dark seal-brown,

hind angles of all segments except last clothed with short

yellowish hair, third and fourth segments each with a large

bluntly triangular or semicircular median spot clothed with

similar hair.

Head: face, jowls, and occiput light grey, pollinose, face

and jowls clothed with silvery hair; frontal callus and sub-

callus (? denuded) dark brown, former elongate quadrate,

extending from eye to eye; front between dark ocellar or

vertical area and callus clothed with minute whitish hairs,

its sides converging below; terminal joint of palpi fairly

stout, fawn-coloured, clothed on outer side with minute

appressed silvery hairs ; first joint of antenne smoke-grey,

fawn-coloured on distal half of inner side, clothed with

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 427

minute silvery hairs, second joint dull cinnamon-rufous,

third joint fairly broad, reddish brown, ferruginous at base,

last four annuli clove-brown. Thorax: dorsum greyish in

front between grey longitudinal stripes, which, as well as

lateral margins, are clothed with minute, appressed, pale

chrome-yellow hairs, remainder of dorsum clothed with dark

brown hair; a light brown median stripe indistinctly visible

in front between grey stripes ; prealar calli fawn-coloured

(as in 7. wellmanii and T. sharpei, Austen), fringed behind

with long dark brown hair; pectus and pleure greyish

pollinose, clothed with whitish hair. Abdomen: sides of first

segment greyish pollinose; median spots with their bases

resting on hind margins of segments, spot on third segment

not reaching to front margin; venter, except last two

segments, greyish pollinose, clothed with minute, appressed,

silvery hairs, hind margins of third and three following

segments cream-coloured. Wings with a decided brownish

tinge ; stigma tolerably well-defined, brown; sqguame

brownish. Halteres cream-buff, knobs seal-brown above and

below. Legs: femora dark greyish brown; tibiz except

tips cream-buff; front tarsi and tips of front tibiz clove-

brown, second, third, and fourth joints of front tarsi strongly

expanded; middle and hind tarsi and tips of middle and

hind tibize seal-brown; femora and tibize (except tips) clothed

with whitish hair,

Northern Nigeria: a single specimen from Jemaa, Nassa-

rawa Province, N. Nigeria, 25. iv. 1907 (Dr. R. Ff. Williams),

“on horse.’ I have much pleasure in naming this new

species in honour of its discoverer, who has most kindly

presented the type, together with a number of other blood-

sucking Diptera collected by him in Nassarawa Province, to

the National Collection.

Tabanus williamsii is closely allied to T. wellmanii, Austen

(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. i., March 1908, p. 225),

which is found in Angola, and with which it agrees in size,

coloration, markings, and general appearance; it is distin-

guished from 7’. wellmanii by the shape and coloration of the

palpi and basal portion of the third joint of the antenne,

the terminal joint of the palpi being less slender and fawn-

coloured instead of dark brown or blackish slate-coloured,

while the basal portion of the third joint of the antenne is

noticeably broader and reddish brown instead of clove-brown,

as well as brighter ferruginous at the base; the front, too, is

a shade narrower. TY. williamsii is also near akin to T. argen-

teus, Surcouf (Bull. Mus. Nat. d’ Hist. Nat. Paris, 1907, no. 4,

p. 264), from the Gaboon, but (from a comparison with the

428 Mr. R.S. Bagnall on a

type of T. argenteus, for the opportunity of examining which ~

I am indebted to the courtesy of M. Jacques Surcouf, of the

Laboratoire Colonial of the Muséum National d’ Histoire

Naturelle, Paris) may be distinguished at once, inter alia, by

the light grey stripes on the anterior half of the dorsum of

the thorax, by the scutellum being entirely clothed with pale

chrome-yellow hair, instead of having its basal half covered

with silvery white and its distal half with brownish black

hair, by the venter being, with the exception of the tip,

entirely light grey, instead of the third and following segments

being black with hght grey hind margins, by the basal

portion of the third joimt of the antenne being much

broader and lighter in colour, and by the front femora being

clothed on the outside and below with whitish instead of

with blackish hair. From T. sharpei, Austen (loc. cit. p. 226.

~—Nyasaland Protectorate), T. willzamsi is distinguished by

the coloration of the antenne, the more elongate basal

portion of the third joint, the much narrower front, and the

coat of yellow hair on the scutellum.

LXVI.—On Philoscia patiencei, sp. n., a new Terrestrial

Isopod, By Ricuarp 8S. BAGNALL, F.E.S.

[Plate XVIIL.]

ONE day early in December, 1907, whilst staying in London

with my friend Mr. H. St. J. K. Donisthorpe, we spent a

few hours collecting in the hothouses of the Botanical

Gardens, Kew, and were fortunate enough to secure many

interesting invertebrates, amongst which were a_ spider

(Ischnothyreus velox, sp. n., Jackson), a Tartarid (Trithyreus

bagnallu, sp. n., Jackson) *, and some species of woodlice

previously undescribed. Or investigation of one house in

particular was very promising. Most of the plants in this

hothouse, which at the time of our visit registered 75° F., were

of West-Indian origin ; the known ants and beetles we found

therein were also originally described from the West Indies,

and it is therefore highly probable that the spider and

Tartarid just mentioned are of a similar origin.

In this hothouse, then, a small woodlouse was particularly

* A. Randell Jackson, “On some rare Arachnids captured during

_ 1907,” Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Northumberland, Durham, and Neweastle-

upon-Tyne, n. s., il, pt. 1. pl. iv. pp. 49-78.

Ann.& Mag. Nat. Mist. S§. 8. Vol. I. PU. XVHIL.

dJ.Green lith.

Alex. Patience del.

new Terrestrial Lsopod. 429

common, and as the species is apparently new I find much

pleasure in naming it in honour of my good friend Mr.

Alexander Patience, whose name is already familiar to those

interested in the study of our terrestrial Isopod Crustacea.

Mr. Patience has very carefully dissected the species (some

females of which were bearing ova) and figured it, and my

sincere thanks are due to him for the invaluable help he has

given me in preparing the present short paper.

Genus PuixoscrA, Latreille, 1804.

Philoscia patiencet, sp. n.

Length of adult male and female 3 mm. ; greatest breadth

about 1°2 mm.

Colour of the living animal more or less violaceous brown,

marbled with white, and with a broken white median band

along the back of mesosome.

Body elongate-ovate in form, about two and a half times as

long as broad ; dorsal face moderately convex, quite smooth

and polished. lateral parts of the three posterior segments

of mesosome rounded and acuminate. Metasome abruptly

contracted, about one-fourth the length of body, the lateral

parts of third to fifth segments adpressed and acuminate, the

last segment with the terminal expansion broadly rounded

at the tip and carrying two spicules, the sides very slightly

insinuate. Legs in both sexes apparently similar in structure.

Cephalon with the frontal margin evenly rounded. Lyes

comparatively large and convex. Antennule with the last

joint subequal in length to the penultimate and carrying three

sensory filaments. Antenne densely spinulose, more than

one-third the length of body, the last joint not so long as the

preceding two together ; flagellum composed of three articu-

lations, the last being the longest and terminating in a long

stiff bristle.

Uropoda with the outer ramus lanceolate, not twice the

length of basal part, carrying three strong spines on inner

edge, several small spines on outer edge, and tipped by five

strong and comparatively long bristles. Inner ramus origi-

nating at some distance from and about one half the length of

the outer ramus, broadly exposed when viewed laterally, and

carrying three stiff bristles which are subequal in length to

the ramus. ‘lhe inner edge is densely ciliated, with the

hairs curled upwards, but spare on each edge towards the

distal end.

Remarks.—At first sight this pretty little creature might

430 On a new Terrestrial Isopod.

quite readily be mistaken for a species of Trichoniscus, and

it was only after dissection that its approximate position was

made clear. I have described it as a Phzloscia, as the oral

parts certainly agree with those found in species of that

genus, and the first and second pleopoda of the male are also

of a somewhat similar character. Further, Dr. Budde-Lund,

who was kind enough to give me his opinion of the

species, states that it very closely approaches P. couchiz,

Kinahan, in the structure of the mouth-parts, which are here

figured by Mr. Patience. ‘’he legs, however, do not increase

greatly posteriorly, and suggest some resemblance to those

of the richoniscide. The antenna, as well as its three-

jointed flagellum with the long terminal bristle, too, does not

add to one’s belief of any strong or true affinity with the

genus in question, whilst the curious structure of the uropoda,

especially that of the inner ramus, is decidedly puzzling.

P. patiencei is of further interest to us on account of its small

size, and it would seem that a more critical examination of

the constancy of generic characters in the known Philoscie

will lead, most probably, to the establishment of a new genus

for the reception of the species now under consideration.

Occurrence.—As I said before, P. patiencet occurred in

large numbers in a hothouse of the Botanical Gardens, Kew,

December 1907. It was found living under about an inch of

a mixture of earth and ash upon which rows of plant-pots

were set out; with constant watering a kind of ooze was

formed beneath this layer, and P. patvencet appeared to live

chiefly amongst this ooze and in the damper parts of the

covering substance, running about like our common T'richo-

niscus pusilius, to which, indeed, it bears a very strong

resemblance in colour, shape, size, and movements, and might.

have easily been overlooked as such. JP. patiencei was not

found to affect plants at all, T¢choniscus stebbingi, Patience,

being the only woodlouse actually detected at the roots of

the plants in this particular hothouse.

On examining the species something in its general facies

appealed to me as being familiar, and I remembered a few

examples of a puzzling form which I had found with Tricho-

niscus pygmeus, Sars, in a garden at Winlaton, Co. Durham.

This form was entered in my diary for October 1906 and

February 1907 as “ Jrichoniscus dilaticornis, sp. nov. ?,” but,

as the specimens were undoubtedly immature, | put them

away, and they thus escaped my memory. I was very inter-

ested, therefore, to find upon re-examination that the species

was apparently conspecific with the one just described, or, at

least, very closely allied to it.

Four little-known Names of Chiropteran Genera. 481

A preliminary account of P. patiencet was read before the

Glasgow Natural History Society on January 28th, 1908.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII.

Philoscia patiencet, sp. n., 2, about 3 mm, in length.

a. Antennulee.

A. Antenna.

plp'. First pair of pleopoda, ¢.

plp*. One of the second pair of pleopoda, ¢.

prp". Seventh perzopod, ¢.

M. Mandibles,

mp. Maxilliped.

m*. First maxilla.

m*, Second maxilla,

ur. Uropoda.

ur*, Inner ramus more highly magnified, viewed laterally.

LXVII.—On Four little-known Names of Chiropteran

Genera. By KNuD ANDERSEN.

Eidolon, Pteronotus, and Vampyrum, Raf.

In his ‘Analyse de la Nature’ (Palermo, 1815), p. 54,

Rafinesque gives the following arrangement of the order

*¢ Chiropteria ”? :—

“TI, O. Chiropteria. Les Chiroptéres.

4. Famille. Galeopia. Les Galeopiens. Doigts des membres an-

térieurs peu allongés, pouce non séparé; point de canines. G,. 1.

Galeopus R. G'aleoyithecus Cuv.

5. Famille. Vespertilia. Les Vespertiliens. Doigts des mem-

bres antérieurs trés-allongés, pouce séparé ; des dents canines,

1, Sous-famille. Zophinia. Les Lophiniens. Des crétes ou ap-

pendices sur la téte. G.1. RhinolophusCuv. 2. Phyllostoma Geof.

3. Vampyrum R, do. Geof. sans queue. 4. Megaderma Geof.

2. Sous-famille. Nycteria. Les Nyctériens. Aucunes crétes ni

appendices sur latéte. G. 5. Pteropus Bris. Erxl. 6. Eidolon RB. do.

ai queue. 7. Pteronotus R.do. sp. 8. Cephalotes Geof. 9. Tadaris

hk. 10. Vespertilio L. Geof. 11. Nycterus Geof. 12. Noctilio Geof.

13. Molossus Geof. 14. Atalapha R.”

In p. 216 of the same book (under the heading ‘‘ Abbrévia-

tions”’) it is explained that “Sp. do.” stands for “ Eispéces

du genre précédent.” ‘I'he words “ Vampyrum R. do. Geof.

sans queue”’ are therefore a quasi-stenographic abbreviation

for: Vampyrum, Rafinesque, name proposed for those species

of the genus Phyllostoma, as understood by E. Geoffroy,

43? Mr. K. Andersen on Four

which have no tail. The words “ Hidolon R. do. & queue”

mean: LZidolon, Raf., name proposed for those species otf the

genus Pteropus, as hitherto understood, which have a [short]

tail. The abbreviation ‘ Pteronotus R. do. sp.” reads:

Pteronotus, new generic name proposed by Rafinesque for some

species of the genus Pteropus.—Bearing these explanations

in mind, and considering what literature on Chiroptera could

be at the disposal of an author writing in 1815, the identi-

fication of the genera now becomes an easy matter.

There is no doubt whatever that, so far as the genera

Pteropus, Eidolon, Pteronotus, Phyllostoma, and Vampyrum

are concerned, Rafinesque based his arrangement on KE.

Geoffroy’s now classical papers, ‘‘ Description des Roussettes

et des Céphalotes, deux nouveaux genres de la famille des

Chauve-souris”? (Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. xv. pp. 86-108 ;

1810) and “Sur les Phyllostomes et les Mégadermes, deux

genres de la famille des Chauve-souris ”’ (¢bd. pp. 157-198).

The evidence is this :—

(1) Rafinesque himself writes (op. cit. pp. 50-51):

... les travaux de Cuvier, Geoffroy, Desmaretz [sic], et

Duméril sur la disposition naturelle des genres et leur forma-

tion ont servi de bases aux miens.”

(2) The three genera Pteropus, Hidolon (for the species

“4 queue”), and Pteronotus correspond precisely to KE.

Geoffroy’s three sections of “‘ Roussettes (Pteropus),” viz.

‘¢ Roussettes sans queue ”’ (op. cit. p.90; including the species

Pt. edulis, edwardsi, vulgaris, rubricollis, and griseus),

“‘ Roussettes & queue” (op. cit. p. 94; the species Pt, stra-

mineus, egyptiacus, ampleaicaudatus, marginatus, and mint-

mus), and ‘ Roussettes a ailes sur le dos” (p. 98; only species

Pi. pal[l|iatus). In other words, Rafinesque raised these

three sections to the rank of distinct genera, restricting

Fteropus to the five species without tail, and proposing.

Eidolon as a new generic name for the five species with a

short tail, and Pteronotus (wrepov, “aile”; v@tos, “ dos”)

for the “ Roussette 4 ailes sur le dos,” viz. Pt. palliatus *.

Eidolon is technically valid, being sufficiently characterized

by the words “* [pour les espéces du genre précédent | & queue.”

* The same idea, to separate the three sections of ‘“ Pleropus” as

distinct genera, was independently arrived ‘at, fourteen years later, by

Gilbert T. Burnett (‘The Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and

Art, 1829, pt. i. (April-June) p. 269), who restricted the name Pteropus

to the tailless species (only species mentioned: velgaris, edulis), and

proposed Cercopteropus for the short-tailed species (@gyptiacus, ampleat-

caudatus), and Tribonophorus (rpiBev, mantle, palliwm; dopds, bearing)

for the ‘“‘Mantled Roussette, [ Pteropus| desmarestc” (evidently a new

little-known Names of Chiropteran Genera. 433

Of the five species included in this genus (see above), Pt. stra-

mineus, Geoff. (i. e. helvus, Kerr *), as being the earliest

known, may be fixed as the type of the genus. idolon thus

antedates Pterocyon, Peters (1861), by forty-six years.

Pteronotus is technically a nomen nudum. As pointed out

above, it was undoubtedly by its author intended to be a

generic name of P¢. palliatus, EK. Geof. [Dobsonia pallata

of modern authors]; it is also evident why }Rafinesque

did not find it necessary to mention this species by name ;

there could in fact be no mistake whatever, since the word

Ptero- (=aile) notus (=dos) was simply a translation of

EK. Geoffroy’s diagnosis of the third section of Pteropus,

viz. ‘ [espéce] & ailes sur le dos,” and this section contained

only one species. Nevertheless, according to the now

prevalent purely formal way of dealing with nomenclatural

questions, Pteronotus, Raf., as being from the hand of its

author without diagnosis and without definite indication

of species, has no standing in technical nomenclature, and

therefore does not invalidate Pteronotus, J. EK. Gray (1838 ;

Phyllostomatide), nor does it replace Dobsonia, Palmer

(1898).

(3) The two genera “ Phyllostoma Geof.” and “Vampyrum

R. do. Geof. sans queue,” correspond precisely to E. Geoffroy’s

two sections of “ Phyllostome (Phyllostoma),” viz. “ Phyll.

avec une queue” (op. cit. p. 184; the species Ph. crenulatum,

elongatum, hastatum, soricinum), and “ Phyll. sans queue ”

(op. cit. p. 185; the species Ph. perspicillatum, lineatum,

rotundum, lilium, spectrum).

The name Vampyrum is technically valid, as being

diagnosed by the words ‘ [les espéces du genre Phyllostoma |

sans queue.” Of the five species for which the name was

proposed (see above) Phyllostoma spectrum may be fixed as

the type, on the strength of the tautology principle, this

species being referred to by HE. Geoffroy under the vernacular

name ‘‘ Le Phyllostome vampire.” Vampyrum, Raf. (1815),

thus replaces Vampyrus, Leach (1821).

name for Pt. palhatus, but technically a nomen nudum), though, as

pointed out by T.S. Palmer (Index Gen. Mamm. p. 688; 1904), Burnett

probably based not direct on E. Geoffroy’s paper, but on J. E. Gray’s

account of the genus Pteropus in Griffith’s ‘Animal Kingdom,’ v. pp. 58-

59 (1827). Also in this case the new generic name proposed for the

single species of the third section, ‘“‘ Rousettes & ailes sur le dos,” viz.

Tribonophorus, is technically inadmissible, as based, without diagnosis,

on a nomen nudum.

* K, Andersen, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xix. p. 504 (1907).

AZ4 Mr. K. Andersen on Four

Nyctalus, Bowdich.

The original description runs as follows (T. Ed. Bowdich,

‘Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo during the Autumn

of 1823, while on his third voyage to Africa’; opus post-

humum, edited by Mrs. Sara Bowdich, afterwards Sara Lee;

London, 1825; p. 36) :—

“ere [in Madeira] I had an opportunity of remarking .... that the

bat is more than specifically distinct from all those which have, as yet,

been described, for it has four pointed incisors above (two by the side of

each canine, with a large interval between), and six small incisors below,

with three indentations in each. It forms a new sub-genus between

pharopus and cephalotes, and may be named, nyctalus verrucosus. |The

following as a footnote :—]The lower canines have a heel. The muzzle

and oreillettes are simple; the ears are equal to the depth of the head in

length, and present clusters of orange warts on the outer part, and a few

within. It has a nail, and extra joint to the forefinger; three joints to

the middle finger, two to the others. The interfemoral membrane (not

notched, but triangular) reaches to within one line of the end of the tail,

which is within it :—width, from the tip of one wing to the other, 11#in.,

from the muzzle to the tip of the tail 44 in., colour, dusky brown.”

Palmer (Index Gen. Mamm. pp. 464, 804; 1904) quotes

Bowdich’s statement, “it forms a new subgenus between

pharopus [misprint for pteropus] and cephalotes,” and places

the genus in the family Pteropodide.

A closer examination of the description of Nyctalus verru-

cosus leads, however, to the following conclusions :—

(1) Four of the characters given by Bowdich are evidence

that N. verrucosus is not a fruit-bat, but a species of Micro-

chiroptera, viz. :—two upper incisors by the side of each

canine, with a large interval between (7. e. premaxillaries

broadly separated anteriorly); six incisors below (no fruit-

bat has more than four lower incisors); the presence of an

oreillette” (tragus) ; tail included in interfemoral, which is

triangular, not notched.

(2) The following characters are valueless for an identifi-

cation of the species :—“‘ Clusters of orange warts” on the

outer and inner surface of the ear-conch (hence the name

verrucosus); these were evidently ticks. The meaning of

the words “it has a nail, and extra joint to the forefinger,”

is not clear; the probable explanation is that ‘ nail’? applies

to the nail of the pollex, the “extra joint to the forefinger”

to the strong phalanx-like tendon connecting the end of the

metacarpal of the second digit with the end of the first

phalanx of the third digit; but other interpretations are

possible. Three joints” in the third digit, “two in the

others,’”’ because Bowdich counted the long terminal rod of

the third digit in Vespertilionid bats as a ‘‘ phalanx,” which

little-known Names of Chiropteran Genera. 435

for all practical purposes it is. A conspicuous “ heel ” (cingu-

lum posteriorly at base) in the lower canines is found in most

Vespertilionid bats. ‘The “simple” muzzle excludes any

species of RAinolophus, of which, however, none are known

from Madeira, and which would be excluded also for other

reasons (incisors, want of tragus).—There remain three

characters to be tested on the Microchiroptera known to occur

in Madeira, viz. the size of the ears, the projecting tip of the

tail, the measurements.

(3) Four bats have been recorded from Madeira: Pipi-

strellus pipistrellus, P. maderensis, Pterygistes madeire, and

Nyctinomus teniotis ; to these may perhaps be added, though

to my knowledge not recorded from the island, Mindopterus

schreiberst and Vespertilio serotinus.—The two species of Pipi-

strellus are out of the question, owing to their size being

much smaller than that of Bowdich’s NV. verrucosus. Nycte-

nomus tentotis is excluded on account of the long free portion

of the tail and large size. Mindopterus schreibersi, because

the tail is wholly included in the interfemoral. Vespertilio

serotinus, because the length of the ears is much greater than

the depth of the head, the general size of the animal too

large, and the freely projecting tip of the tail much more than

one line. Pterygistes madeire, Barr.-Ham. (Ann. & Mag.

N. H. (7) xvi. pp. 98-99; 1906), is the only Madeiran bat

for which the combination of the three characters holds good ;

the ears (whether viewed in profile or measured from the

crown) are equal in length to the depth of the head; the

extreme tip of the tail (1-2 mm.) projects beyond the inter-

femoral; the measurements of the type and paratypes (for

many years preserved in alcohol ; forearms mostly broken)

cannot be taken exactly; in one specimen (paratype) the

expanse is fully 11 in.; the total length, including tail, about

4in.; and it should be remembered that Bowdich probably

measured a freshly killed specimen, which can be stretched

more freely ; Pt. madeire is, judging from the length of

the forearm, metacarpals, and phalanges, precisely of the same

size as the Pt. lezslert, and of this latter Kolenati* gives as

average measurements of the total length, including tail,

107-2 mm. (4'2 in.), of the expanse 291°5 mm. (11°6 in,),

thus practically the same measurements as Bowdich’s of

NV. verrucosus.

(4) According to the above, Pterygistes madeire, Barv.-

Ham., is a synonym of Nyctalus verrucosus, Bowdich, and

the generic name Nyctalus (1825) replaces Pterygistes (Kaup,

1829).

* “ Monographie der europiischen Chiroptern,” in Jahresh. miihr,-

schles, Ges, f, 1859, table ad p. 46 (1860),

436 Prof. H. G. Seeley on the Extremity

LXVIII.— On the Extremity of the Tatl in Ichthyosauria.

By H. G. Srevey, F.R.S., F.G.S., King’s College, London.

As early as 1839 Sir Richard Owen described the small

laterally compressed ribless terminal caudal vertebre which

supported the caudal fin in the IJchthyosaurus; but the

caudal fin itself remained unknown till figured by Dr. Eber-

hard Fraas. Owen also mentions, in his general account of

the osteology of the Ichthyosaurs from the Lias, that these

vertebrae are preceded by three or four with the centrums

more compressed, and their margins raised, in the region where

the abrupt bend or distortion of the tail usually takes place.

That abrupt bend was formerly regarded as a postmortem

condition produced by the weight of the tail-fin. The

specimens available in 1839 were all more or less imbedded

in slabs of Lias. |

In 1869, in a short account of the Ichthyosauria of the

Cambridge Greensand, I gave some particulars of vertebra

from the terminal part of the tail which are free from matrix.

The specimens suggest that there were probably three

vertebras between the caudal series supporting short caudal

ribs and the caudal fin-series from which ribs are absent.

As in the Lias specimens, these pivot-vertebre are distin-

guished by their antero-posterior measurement being slightly

diminished ; it is less on the ventral than on: the neural

border; the central pit is much less deeply impressed in the

centrum than in the earlier caudals; the lateral margins of

the articular faces of the centrums are convex, and so rounded

as almost to meet and nearly obliterate the lateral surfaces

of the centrum ; but this condition is not seen on the ventral

margin. ‘The largest of these pivot-vertebree are 25 to 22

inches wide, 27'y to 24 inches deep, and 7’; inch from front to

back. The measurements and conditions show that the

vertebre from this point are directed downward, and that the

angular bend in the Ichthyosaurian tail is a natural condition

of downward angular flexure due to wedge-shaped form of

these centrums. ‘The rounded lateral tumid borders of these

vertebree show that the movement was from side to side, and

that the caudal fin could only be used as a rudder or steering-

organ when moved upon these pivot-vertebre.

In the Cambridge Greensand species the caudal fin appears

to have been very short, for the centrums which support it

decrease in size very rapidly in vertical and transverse |

measurements, though there is a slight increase in length,

‘The contraction in width is more rapid than the decrease in

of the Tail in Ichthyosauria. 437

depth, so that the centrums speedily become deeper than

wide. This indicates lateral movement within the caudal fin

itself, and that inference is supported by the interarticular

borders of the centrum continuing rounded in examples

yo inch deep and 175 inch wide. In all the earlier vertebra

of this series the measurement along the neural canal is

rather longer than upon the ventral border.

In an associated series of seven (F. ii. 75-81 Sedgwick

Museum) the antero-posterior measurement decreases from

little more than 3%; to 75; inch, the depth from 175 to 3% inch,

and the width from 1 inch to 745 inch. In every vertebra

the posterior articular surface is appreciably smaller than the

anterior end. The rapid decrease in size appears to indicate

that the caudal fin was short and supported by few vertebra,

perhaps fewer than twenty. Many of the smaller vertebre

have sharp margins to the centrum, as though the extremity

of the fin was nearly rigid. |

In these vertebree the neural canal is at first defined by an

elevated lateral border, but after a time this contracts from

front to back into a median process which is directed outward

and shows no indication of having supported neurapophyses.

Subsequently, in the ‘ Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia ”

(1869), I gave some account of an Ichthyosaurian skeleton

from the Oxford Clay of Woodstone Lodge, near Peterborough,

in which seven caudal vertebree are present with convex

margins to the centrum (/. 18-19) rapidly diminishing in size.

The rib-facet is last seen on 7. 15 (p. 113), so that the last

true caudal vertebrae appear to show more than usual flexibility

before the caudal rib is lost, and the four flexible pivot-ver-

tebree occur which are anterior to the caudal fin. Only eleven

of the fin series are preserved, which resemble compressed

dorsal vertebrze of a Plesiosaur. ‘The smallest is half an inch

in diameter. In a well-preserved skeleton in the Sedgwick

Museum from the Oxford Clay of Whittlesea there are four

modified centrums anterior to the caudal fin, followed by

fifty-one centrums with smooth rounded external surfaces

which have the same generalized character as other examples.

But the series is imperfect, and five or six or more may be

missing.

In January 1889 Mr. A. N. Leeds, F.G.S., submitted to

me the extremity of the tail of an Oxford Clay Ichthyo-

saurian which I believed to be Ophthalmosaurus. On that

specimen I made the following note, which shows the ver-

tebre supporting the tail to be substantially similar to other

specimens from the Oxford Clay :— 7

As the caudal vertebra approach towards the extremity of

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. 1. 29

438 Prof. H. G. Seeley on the Extremity

the region which carries caudal ribs the centrum rapidly

becomes smaller, and the outline of its articular face is

hexagonal. In the last three or four centrums the single rib-

facet rises from the inferior position it has previously occupied

towards the middle of the side of the centrum. It is a trans-

verse tubercle extending between the anterior and posterior

faces, with its articular portion towards the anterior margin.

The neural canal remains large and wide, and, as in all

other vertebree, wider behind than in front. The margin of

the intercentral articular surface is sharp anteriorly and

convex posteriorly, and in harmony with this character the

posterior surface becomes flattened, with a marked central

concavity, very unlike the typical intervertebral cupped

condition of an Ichthyosaur. Indeed, the facies of the

centrum in the latest of these rib-bearing caudal vertebre is

essentially cetacean both in external form and in the manner

in which the external lateral surfaces are perforated by

innumerable close-set vascular foramina. In the last pivot-

vertebra but one the base of the centrum develops on the

anterior border, in the usual position of chevron bones in

other animals, two tubercles which do not appear to be

separate granules. In the centrum, which measures ante-

riorly 4°5 cm. deep, 5°2 cm. wide, and is 2°71 cm. from front

to back, the transverse measurement over these granules is

2°5cm. The last centrum of this series might almost be

described as proceelous, the posterior surface being a well-

rounded hemisphere with a small central pit. This ball is

somewhat wider than deep, and occupies half the length of

the centrum, which is 2°6 cm. long. ‘The anterior surface is

concave from above downward and less concave transversely,

with a conspicuous central concavity which preserves the

remnant of the Ichthyosaurian intervertebral type. This

surface measures 4°7 cm. vertically, and 3°4 cm. transversely,

so that the proportions of the centrum have now changed.

This is chiefly owing to the development of the chevron

granules into an inferior process. In the middle height of

the sides are small facets adjacent to the posterior. articular

border, which, I suppose, supported the last pair of caudal

ribs ; they were probably very short. |

‘Lhe succeeding vertebra is of very irregular form, higher

than wide, with the anterior surface flattened, with an elevated

articular border and a central conical impression and a slight

ridge midway between the central cup and the external

border. The posterior surface is convex, but irregular and

rugose. ‘l'his is the pivot-vertebra of the caudal fin.

of the Tail in Ichthyosauria. 439

These vertebrz also make the joint in the tail at which the

angular flexure commonly occurs in Lias specimens,

The remainder of the tail in Ophthalmosaurus, as preserved,

comprises forty-one vertebra, without any indication of the

end being reached. These vertebrae are compressed from side

to side and have the aspect of the bodies of dorsal vertebrie

of Teleosaurs or Plesiosaurs, the antero-posterior measure-

ment being relatively long compared with the transverse

measurement. ‘The centrum is free from lateral and inferior

processes, gives a strong attachment to the neural arch, and

has the articular faces moderately concave, but not approxi-

mating more than in many Plesiosaurs. Similar vertebre

support the caudal fin found in German specimens from the

Lias.

The first of the Oxford Clay fin-series is about 3 cm. high,

with a transverse width of about 2°6 cm. and antero-posterior

extent of l‘7 cm. ‘Thesizeat first diminishes very slowly, but

more by a decrease in the height of the centrum than by

diminution in its length or width, though both of these vary.

The measurements at the twenty-seventh centrum of this

series are antero-posterior 1°5 cm., transverse 1°9 cm., and

vertical 2cm. ‘The last vertebra preserved is 1:1 cm. long,

1:2 cm. wide in front and slightly less behind, and 1:2 cm.

high to the neural canal ; its posterior surface has a tendency

to convexity, and the process for the neurapophysis on the

right side is divided into anterior and posterior facets, as

though the nerve passed through the middle of the neuro-

central suture. ‘The same condition is found in several of the

late vertebre, sometimes on one side, sometimes on the

other, Probably many vertebre are missing from the

extremity of this tail.

It thus appears probable that the number of vertebra

supporting the caudal fin in Oxford Clay types exceeded 50

to 60.

By the kindness of the late Professor Oscar Fraas I had

the opportunity of detailed examination of specimens from the

Lias of Germany in the Royal Stuttgart Museum. In the

specimen 3775 there are 101 vertebree in the tail; caudal

ribs are only found in the first twenty-nine, so that 72 may

be regarded as supporting the caudal fin. ‘The neural arch is

seen in all the caudals except the last twenty-two, though it

becomes very small, and the neural spine is short.

In no. 846 there are 115 caudal vertebrae. Of these 68 are

posterior to the angular bend in the tail, and presumably

supported the caudal fin.

29*

AAO = On the Extremity of the Tail in Ichthyosauria.

No. 5792 is the Ichthyosaurus multisctssus (Quenst.). The

tail is 4 feet 94 inches long and includes 108 vertebrae, of

which the last 75 appear to have supported the caudal fin.

In no. 5093, 127 caudal vertebra are preserved, somewhat

scattered towards the terminal end, but upwards of 90 appear

to have supported the caudal fin.

The specimen 5094, named J. tenuirostris, which is only

3 feet 10 inches long, has 100 vertebree in the tail, of which

the last 70 supported the caudal fin.

I have a note of a specimen at Titibingen in which the first

thirty caudal vertebra have a length of less than 3 feet, and

the remaining eighty-three vertebra a length of 2 feet 8 inches

in the region of the caudal fin.

In the Tubingen specimen 10,999 about 70 vertebree

support the caudal fin in a length of 2 feet.

In Ichthyosaurus triscissus there are 83 vertebre in the

tail, of which fifty are without ribs and appear to have

supported the caudal fin; and in no. 7532 there are 105

caudal vertebrae, but only twenty-two are posterior to the

angular bend in the tail.

In 1881 Sir Richard Owen counted 60 vertebree in the

deflected part of the tail in Ichthyosaurus tenutrostris.

One of the most interesting specimens is in the Leicester

Museum marked 1892/4765, trom Barrow-on-Soar. It is

the detached whip-like termination of the tail of an Ichthyo-

saur which appears to be perfect, though the vertebrae are

not absolutely free from a little matrix, which slightly masks

their articular edges. ‘I'he vertebrae are all exceptionally

short. The first three are relatively large and appear to be

from the position of the usual angular deflection. They are

followed by eighty vertebres, which progressively decrease in

length and size and diminish till they become like coarse

granules which still retain the vertebral form. The terminal

vertebre are smaller than in any other example of the caudal

fin series.

The caudal fin series appear to be exceptionally long in

the British Museum specimen from Wurtemberg, which

contains several embryos. |

It is thus evident that the number of these tail-fin vertebrae

is variable in the different species from the Lias. On the

whole the evidence appears to indicate that the caudal fin was

longer in most of the Liassic than in the Lower Oxfordian

types; and although the fragmentary remains from the

Cambridge Greensand do not give any definite information,

they suggest the inference that in the Cretaceous types the

Interlocking of the Neural Arches in Ichthyosauria. 441

tail-fin became shorter still. It is not without interest to

find the extremity of the tail presenting so little variation in

essentials of structure, as the order of animals is traced

through the secondary strata.

LXIX.—On the Interlocking of the Neural Arches in Ichthyo-

sauria. “By H. G. Seetey, F.R.S., F.G.8., King’s

College, London.

THE neural arches in Ichthyosaurs are never closely united

with the centrums. When the centrums are isolated the

arches are commonly lost. The characteristics of the arch

are imperfectly known. They are illustrated by Cuvier in

plate cclvi. Oss. Foss., but the figures are indefinite as to the

interlocking of the arches, though the text indicates that

Cuvier had seen and knew the structural relations of the

bones. The excellent preservation of the vertebral column,

with the vertebree in natural sequence in skeletons imbedded

in Lias slabs in the museums of this country and the Con-

tinent, is unfavourable to demonstration of the mutual

relations of the neural arches. Exposed in side view they

have a general resemblance to those of porpoises, for there is

a manifest contact between them above the rezion of the

neural canal by surfaces which enable the arches to support

each other. But in Lchthyosaurus this zygapophysial surface

does not project laterally, so that the lateral aspect of a neural

arch is smooth and slightly concave from above downward,

or only slightly tumid in the zygapophysial area. I have

never seen any trace of laterally developed zygapophyses

except in the cervical region.

It would appear that the cervical vertebree is the part of

the column most easily observed, Sir Richard Owen, in his

‘ Report on British Fossil Reptiles,’ 1839, p. 100, speaking

generally, states that ‘‘ the neurapophyses are interlocked

together by means of coadapted oblique processes.”’? ‘This is

true for the neck, but not for the later vertebrae. In the

account of Ichthyosaurus platyodon it is remarked in the same

memoir: ‘the articular processes for mutual interlocking

are well developed, especially at the anterior part of the spine.”

Forty-two years later lateral zygapophysial facets in Jchthyo-

saurus were figured by Owen in the Paleontographical

442 Prof. H. G. Seeley on the Interlocking

Society’s Monograph, 1881, pl. xxi. In 1891 Dr. Eberhard

Fraas figured two prezygapophyses in his memoir on Lias

Ichthyosaurs (pl. 11. fig. 6).

In 1869 (‘Index to Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia,’

p. 111), in describing Ichtiyosaurus megalodeirus from the

Oxford Clay, I found the neural arches preserved in the sixth

and seventh cervicals, and displaced laterally, so as to show the

lateral zygapophyses, which are “ long and oblique, looking

upward and inward”; but I am unable to affirm that this

characteristic prevailed in all the twenty-six cervical vertebra,

though the unusual length of the neck, permitting lateral

movement, makes such a condition probable.

Examination of the skeletons from the Lias has shown that

the antero-posterior articular union between adjacent neural

arches is made by a single flat median facet, vertically ovate,

inclined at an angle of 45° in the dorsal and caudal regions.

The facet varies a little in proportion of length to width.

It is always immediately above the neural canal. In some

anterior examples the facet is indented by the neural canal

beneath it, so that it acquires a horseshoe type of form. In

such specimens the neural spine is short and depressed and

the neural arch is small. Professor Eb. Fraas, in tab. v.

fig. 11 ‘ Ichthyosauria,’ 1891, represents a single vertically

ovate facet with an appearance of vertical division, in the

neural arch of an Ichthyosaur.

In January 1889 Mr. A. N. Leeds, F.G.S., obtained and

submitted to me the first known British example of an

isolated neural arch from the Oxford Clay of Fletton, which

since then has been referred to in my lectures as Ophthalmo-

saurus icenicus (figs. 1 & 2).

The specimen measures 44 inches from the neuro-central

suture to summit of the neural spine. The neurapophyses

are compressed from side to side, half an inch wide in front,

where the neural interspace between them is eight-tenths of

an inch wide. ‘The processes are more compressed from side

to side posteriorly. The neuro-central sutural border is convex,

from front to back (fig. 1). In axial aspect the processes

converge upward to arch over the neural canal, which appears

to have been triangular and rather higher than wide (fig. 2).

In lateral aspect the processes are concave on both the front

and back borders, to define the interspaces for the escape of

the intervertebral nerves (fig. 1).

Above the neural canal is the single facet by which the

of the Neural Arches in Ichthyosauria. 443

arches rest upon each other and interlock. The prezyga-

pophysis is 14%; inch deep and 74 inch wide, flat, vertically

ovate, and not appreciably raised above the level of the

oblique zygapophysial surface, which extends backward above

the neural canal, to the base of the neural spine. It is about

yo inch above the neuro-central suture (fig. 2, A). The

Bigs: Fig. 2.

SS posterur

KYGPOQY SL.

A. Bs

Fig. 1.—Lateral aspect of the neural arch in Ophthalmosaurus.

Fig. 2.—Ophthalmosaurus tcenicus: neural arch. A, anterior; B, poste-

rior. Half natural size.

corresponding posterior zygapophysial facet is parallel and

entirely behind the anterior facet (fig. 1), but the vertical

distance between the back of one and the front of the other

is about ;%5 inch. ‘This posterior facet is a little longer and

a little wider (fig. 2, B), giving a slight bulge to the posterior

border of the neural spine at the articulation (fig. 2, A).

The neural spine is compressed from side to side, three to

four tenths of an inch thick above these articular facets, and

becoming a little thicker towards the free end. It is limited

back and front by a sharp ridge. The antero-posterior

measurement between these borders is 15%; inch above the

postzygapophysis, to 1%; at the free termination. The

AAA | Mr. S. S. Buckman on

terminal surface is rough and irregular and appears to have

been cartilaginous.

The structure here described I believe to be the typical

Ichthyosaurian mode of articulation of the neural arch in

vertebre behind the neck, about as characteristic as is the

presence of zygosphene and zygantrum in the neural arch of

an Ophidian. It is not quite unique, being also met with in

the neural arches of the caudal vertebra of certain Plesio-

saurs from the Kimeridge Clay, much as the Ophidian type

of neural arch is met with in certain Lacertilia.

The physiological interest of the single zygapophysial

facet is the evidence it affords as to the absence of lateral

motion of the body, as indicated by absence of resistance

to movement of the arches upon each other. The greater

length of the postzygapophysis may show a small vertical

gliding movement of the prezygapophysis against it, which

would be consistent with a vertical movement of the tail,

a diving habit, and a folding of the tail beneath the body in

swimming.

LXX.—Brachiopod Nomenclature: The Terebratule of the

Crag. By 8. 8. Buckman, F.G.8.

THE English Tertiary deposits known as the Coralline Crag

and the Red Crag are famous for yielding Terebratule, some

of which attain very large dimensions. For many years, on

the authority of Davidson, these Crag Terebratule have been

regarded as one species, and have been identified with the

Hanoverian Terebratula grandis, Blumenbach.

During some recent curatorial work, having occasion to

examine these Crag TYerebratule for the purpose of their

exhibition, I came to the conclusion that the identification of

any of them with 7’. grandis could not be sustained. Further,

the material examined showed that there were at least four

fairly distinct forms, which could be distinguished as

follows :—

1. A large oval form.

2. A large elliptical form.

3. A medium-sized, narrow, elliptical form.

4, Small, aged forms, which are dwarfs.

‘Thus there are three forms which differ considerably in

shape and one series of dwarfs, many of which are not the

Brachiopod Nomenclature. 445

young of the others: their aged appearance tells that. Of

these four forms, 1 and 2 belong to the Coralline Crag; but

their disunited valves are found in the Red Crag, where they

are presumably derived shells; while 3 and 4 belong chiefly

to the Red Crag, and are perhaps indigenous.

For these forms the following names seemed to be avail-

able:—1. Terebratula syondylodes, Smith; 2. Terebratula

maxima, Charlesworth; 3. Terebratula variabilis, Sowerby ;

while 4 seems to have been unnamed.

These determinations were necessarily somewhat hurried.

Since they were made, however, the consultation of Tertiary

works in connexion with other species led to the finding of

references to the naming of these Crag fossils. The authors

who discussed them, it was pleasing to see, had already come

to the conclusion that the Crag Terebratule were incorrectly

named 7. grandis; but they expressed other opinions regarding

the names to be applied. Their conclusions may now be

considered.

M. E. Vincent * says that the large Terebratula from the

Lower Pliocene of Antwerp ordinarily called 7. grandis,

Blumenbach, is not that species, which is a fossil of the

Middle Oligocene; and he suggests that the name Terebratula

variabilis, Sowerby, is the correct denomination.

MM. Dautzenberg and Dollfuss f discussed this determina-

tion three years later. They agree that the name 7. grandis

is not applicable, but they say that the name 7’. variabilis

cannot be used because it was forestalled by a pre-existing

7’. variabilis, Schlotheim. They further say that Nyst tf,

noticing this double, proposed the name 7’. sowerbyana, but

that this name was unfortunate, for it was already occupied

by a 7. sowerbyana, Defrance, which was named in 1828.

They go on to say that the name to be applied is 7. perforata,

Defrance, which was given in Desnoyers § in 1825, founded

on figures of a Crag Terebratula published by Dale || in 1730.

All these authors, as well as Davidson and others, have

* Contrib. pal. Terr. Tert. Belg. Brach.; Ann. Soc. roy, Malac. Belg.

xxviil. (1893) p. 565.

t “Du nom a adopter pour le grande Térébratule du Pliocéne infé-

rieure d’Anvers ;”’ Pr. verb. Soc. Malac. Belg. xxv. 1896, p. xxi.

t Coq. & Polypiers foss. Belg. 1843, p. 335,

§ Desnoyers, “ Terr. tert, et crét. du Cotentin;” Soc. d’Hist. Nat. de

Paris, li. p. 239 (64) (1825).

|| Dale, ‘ History and Antiquities of Harwich and Dovercourt’ (1730),

p. 204, pl. xi. fig. 9. It is not pl. ii, as quoted by Desnoyers and by

MM. Dautzenberg and Dollfuss,

446 On Brachiopod Nomenclature.

overlooked the fact that there is a still earlier name which

was properly applied to the Crag Terebratule—that of Tere-

bratula spondylodes, given, with a description, by William

Smith * in 1817. His remarks may be reproduced here :—

“ Crag, Inequivalved Bivalves.

“ Terebratula spondylodes.

‘“‘Qval, rather depressed, with sharp transverse lines of

growth ; a large circular foramen in the beak; two projecting

thick teeth in the lower valve; shell thin, depressed on each

side of the beak.

“Tp. 13] Foxhole.

Newborn.

Aldborough, an upper valve?

“The large perforation in the beak is grooved circularly,

and also the recess beneath the beak, shell thin except at the

teeth of the hinge.”

Smith gave no figures, but he evidently had various

specimens of Crag Terebratule before him; and as they

formed part of the collection of the British Museum, it may

reasonably be expected that Smith’s types of TZ. spondylodes

are in the safe custody of that institution now. Apart from

that, however, the description, with the formation and the

localities, fully indicate in a general way what Terebratula

was named.

If all the Crag Terebratule be regarded as one species, then

Smith’s name has priority, and it is the one to apply to these

fossils ; but if they be regarded as forms deserving of separate

names, then Smith’s name is applicable to one of the forms.

There are two characters in his description which suggest

that the form called no. 1 above should have Smith’s name—

that the shape is oval and that the shell is thin. No. 1 is

oval and the shell is thin; in the other forms the shell isa

good deal thickened.

The next name is Terebratula perforata, Defrance, 1825.

Dale’s figures, on which it is founded, are not good; they

show two views of a damaged ventral valve. This form

seems to be intermediate in breadth between nos. 2 and 3,

and it appears to be the same as the broad form figured by

J. de C. Sowerby as 7. vardabilis T.

The next name is 7. variabilis, J. de C. Sowerby, 1827,

* ‘Stratigraphical System of Organized Fossils, with reference to the

Specimens of the original Geological Collection in the British Museum ’

(1817), pie.

f+ Min. Conch. pl. 576. fig. 4 (1827).

New Asiatic Apodemus, Evotomys, and Lepus. 447

applied to four specimens. Of these, fig. 2 of pl. 576 may

be taken as the type, distinguished from 7. perforata by its

very narrowly elliptical form. The name 7. variabilis of

Sowerby may be now retained for it without confusion,

because Schlotheim’s 7. variabilis is a Rhynchonella.

The next name is 7. maxima, Charlesworth*. The large

example which he figures may be taken as the type; the

smaller shell is much narrower and is of the shape of T. varia-

bilis. The large T. mazima is somewhat narrower and more

elliptical than Z. spondylodes, and is rather broader than

T. perforata. The shells which Davidson figures in his

‘ Monograph of Tertiary Brachiopoda,’ pl. ii. figs. 1-4, repre-

sent 7. maxima, while his fig. 5 is a young example of

T. variabilis, —

Whatever opinions may be held as to the advisability of

distinguishing all these forms by name, yet placed in this

order—’. spondylodes, T. maxima, T. perforata, T. variabilis

—the forms indicate a sequence passing from broadly oval to

narrowly elliptical, the broadly oval stage giving place to the

elliptical earlier and earlier in each form, so that while nearly

adult 7’. maxima shows broadly oval growth-lines, the quite

youthful 7. variabilis shows elongately elliptical growth-lines.

Besides these forms there are the dwarfs, which may be

the final expression of the series; mixed with them may

be some of the young of the other forms which came toa

premature end.

LXXI.—New Asiatic Apodemus, Evotomys, and Lepus.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

Apodemus + semotus, sp. n.

27. Mus , Swinhoe, P. Z. 8. 1864, p. 382.

65, ? Mus badius, Hodgson, id. P, Z. S. 1870, p. 637 (nec Hodgs.),

Like “ Mus sylvaticus draco,’ B.-Ham., but much darker

coloured,

Similar in general proportions to the Fo-kien draco.

Fur thin, not spinous, at least in winter, 7-8 mm. in length

on the back. General colour dark brownish, something be-

tween ‘‘bistre” and ‘‘ Prout’s brown,” quite different to the

rufous or fulvous of the Chinese forms chevrieri and draco.

Under surface soiled grey, the hairs slaty for four-fifths their

length, their tips dull whitish. ars rather large, almost

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, p. 92.

+ Kaup, 1829. Antedating Micromys, Dehne, 1841. Type, A. agrarius,

448 Mr. O. Thomas new Astatic

naked, greyish brown. Handsand feet dull whitish. ‘Tail

rather longer than head and body, thinly haired, brown

above, but little lighter below. Mamme apparently only

1—2=6, as in A. sylvaticus, the anterior pectoral pair absent

in the two nursing females in the set.

Skull quite like that of draco; the front edge of the zygo-

matic plate slightly concave ; the postero-internal or “x”

cusp of m' and m? better developed than in most of the

N.-Chinese and Japanese mice recently assigned by me to

different subspecies of A. speciosus.

Dimensions of the type (measured on skin) :—

Head and body (probably stretched) 103 mm.; tail 114;

hind foot (wet) 24; ear (wet) 16.

Skull: tip of nasals to front corner of interparietal 25 ;

zygomatic breadth 14; nasals 11; palatilar length 12:5;

palatal foramina 5°6; diastema 8; length of upper molar

series 4°].

Hab. Mt. Arizan, Central Formosa.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 8.4.1.48. Collected

13th November, 1906, by Mr. Alan Owston’s native collectors.

Three specimens examined.

As a nameable form, and irrespective of the mamme, this

mouse is readily distinguishable by its much darker general

colour from its mainland neighbours, of which it is, perhaps,

an insular ‘ saturate ’”’ representative.

But some doubt is thrown on this view by the apparent

presence of only 1—2=6 mamme, the number characteristic

of the European and W.-Asiatic A. sylvaticus, while hitherto

all the far eastern members of the group have been found to

have 2—2=8, which I have therefore supposed to be charac-

teristic of them. All the Korean and Chinese examples of

A. speciosus have the latter number, as also has the Fo-kien

A. s. draco. The skull, however, is clearly that of the

speciosus rather than of the sylvaticus group.

Evotomys frater, sp. n.

A large dark-coloured species, much browner than the

only other Thian-Shan species, H. centralis, Miller.

Size fairly large. Fur soft, loose, not so long as in cen-

tralis, the hairs of the back about 13 mm. in length. General

colour above approaching “ mummy-brown,” with only

enough rufous suffusion to indicate that it is an Hvotomys.

Head and sides rather clearer brown. ‘Rump smoky grey,

almost blackish near the root of the tail. Under surface

unusually dark, little lighter than “‘ hair-brown,” not defined

on sides, the hairs slaty for four-fifths their length, with dull

Apodemus, Evotomys, and Lepus. 449

“‘pinkish-buffy ” tips. Hands and feet brownish white.

Tail of medium length, longer than in centralis, and not so

heavily haired as in that species; black above, dull whitish

below.

Skull of the younger specimen rather larger than in the

type of H. centralis, which is of about the same age, the roots

of the molars being just commencing to form within their

basal capsules.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body (measured on skin) 112 mm.; tail (ver-

tebree in situ) 48; hind foot (wet) 19; ear (wet) 14.

Skull: length from nasal tip to back of interparietal 23 ;

zygomatic breadth 13; nasals 7; interorbital breadth 4;

brain-case breadth 12; palatilar length 11; diastema 7;

palatal foramina 5; upper molar series (crowns) 5.

Hab. Thian-Shan (probably near Przewalsk).

Type. Subadult female. B.M. no. 8. 3, 2.18. Collected

by A. A. Kutsenko. Two specimens. |

The only species of Hvotomys hitherto described from this

part of Asia is Mr. Miller’s . centralis, of which the type is

in the British Museum. ‘That animal is smaller and shorter-

tailed than 4. frater, and its colour is that of an ordinary

Evotomys, while E. frater is the brownest ‘red vole” as yet

discovered.

Lepus formosus, sp. n.

Closely allied to LZ. sinensis, but the colour throughout

paler and less warm.

Size rather less than in sinens?s, though there seems less

difference in the skulls than in the hind feet, the Formosan

form being therefore proportionally shorter-footed. General

colour above greyish, approximating to drab-grey of Ridg-

way, heavily lined with black, the subterminal rings on the

hairs cream-buff; bases of hairs slaty. Face like back, an

indistinct lighter line running through the eye. Nape

pinkish buff as compared with ochraceous or tawny in

sinensis. Chin and belly dull white, a wash of pale buffy

passing down the sides of the latter. Band across throat

pale drab. Limbs buffy, much paler than in sinensis. Ears

short, the proectote grizzled greyish like the forehead, met-

ectote pinkish buffy like nape proximally, the distal fourth

blackish ; metentote and the fringe along the anterior edge

buffy whitish, a darker shade on its middle portion. Tail

about as in sinensis, except that the colour is paler and greyer,

In summer pelage the colours are much the same throughout

or perhaps a little browner.

450 Geological Socvety.

Skull practically as in senenszs, though the bulle appear to

average rather smaller.

Dimensions of the type (measured on a rather shrunk

skin) :—

Head and body 380 mm.; tail 30; hind foot 83; ear 65.

Skull: greatest length 81; basilar length 59 ; zygomatic

breadth 37°5 ; length of nasals (diagonally) 37; interorbital

breadth 16; palatal foramina 19x 7:5; length of tooth-row

(on alveoli) 14°7.

Another specimen has a hind foot measuring 87 mm.

Hab. Formosa; type from Baksa.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 93.12.5.6. Collected

Ath March, 1893, by P. A. Holst; presented by Henry

Seebohm, Esq. ‘Three young skins also received from the

same source. Another specimen obtained on Mt. Arizan by

Mr. A. Owston’s collectors.

This hare may be readily distinguished from ZL. sinensts by

its much paler colour, that animal having the pale rings on its

dorsal hairs varying from buffy to ochraceous, thus giving a

very much warmer tone to the whole animal.

It is, however, to be noticed that Consul Swinhoe recorded

L. sinensis as a native of Formosa *, and that the one adult

skin (no. 62. 12. 24. 16) of his collection sent as from the

island is certainly more like senenszs than formosus. Whether,

however, both forms occur in Formosa, or whether this

specimen has been wrongly labelled, are questions which can

only be settled when the mammal fauna of the island is more

completely known. But considering the uniformity among

themselves of all the specimens, young and old, that are

unquestionably from Formosa, I am inclined to think that

the specimen referred to has been incorrectly labelled.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

December 4th, 1907.—Sir Archibald Geikie, K.C.B., D.C.L., Se.D.,

Sec.R.S., President, in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1. ‘The Faunal Succession in the Carboniferous Limestone

(Upper Avonian) of the Midland Area (North Derbyshire and North

Staffordshire). By Thomas Franklin Sibly, B.Sc., F.G.S.

The area dealt with is the irregularly-shaped periclinal mass

* P,Z. S. 1862, p. 359,

Geological Society. 451

forming the southern end of the Pennine anticline, with a few

small outliers. The base of the Limestone is not shown, and the

whole series exposed constitutes a greatly-expanded development

of the uppermost zone of the typical Avonian succession of the

South-Western Province, namely, the Dibunophyllum-Zone. The

most extensive section—that along the Midland Railway, between

Longstone and Buxton—shows a thickness of about 1500 feet.

Three subzonal divisions are distinguished, as follows :—

D,. Subzone of Cyathaxonia rushiana: represented in the South-Western

Province by horizon ¢ and the lower part of the Millstone Grit.

D,. Subzone of Lonsdalia floriformis: correlated with the Upper

Dibunophyllum-Zone (D,) of the South-West.

D,. Subzone of Dibunophyllum 0: correlated with the Lower Dibuno-

phyllum-Zone (D,) of the South-West.

An abnormal development of the Zonsdalia-subzone, consisting

of richly-fossiliferous brachiopod-beds, in which the typical coral-

fauna has very little representation, forms a conspicuous local

feature in various parts of the western half of the area. The

passage-beds between the Carboniferous Limestone and the Pendle-

side Series are included in the Cyathawonia-subzone. Locally; these

passage-beds attain a thick development. A local unconformity

between the Carboniferous Limestone and the Pendleside Series, indi-

cating contemporaneous elevation and erosion, occurs in the eastern

part of the area. A close general similarity exists between the

Dibunophyllum-Zone of the Midland area and that of North Wales.

These two areas should be regarded as constituting a Midland

Province. A comparison of the Dibunophyllum-zone of the Midland

with that of the South-Western Province brings out the following

more important differences:—(a) The brachiopod-fauna of the

Lonsdalia-subzone of the Midland Province is considerably richer

than that of the equivalent part of the South-Western sequence.

(6) The Oyathawonia-subzone of the Midland Province, which attains

a maximum development in Derbyshire and North Staffordshire, is

practically undeveloped in the South-Western Province.

The paper concludes with a description of certain corals and

brachiopods from the Midland area, some species and varieties

being new.

2. ‘ Brachiopod Homeceomorphy: “ Spirifer glaber”.’ By 8. 8.

Buckman, F.G.S.

The smooth, catagenetic, stage of shells may have been attained

by the loss of different distinctive features, pointing to polygenetic

origins. The series of shells figured by Davidson as Spirifera

glabra do not all agree in being smooth; some are radially costate,

some have a pronounced mesial fold, others hardly any, some are

very transverse, others are narrow. There is good evidence that

several of the forms ranged under this species are Reticularice

(M‘Coy), more or less smooth. Thus Sp. obtusus, regarded by

Davidson as a synonym of Sp. glabra, shows faint reticulation, has

452 Geological Society.

the dental plates, and must be classed as a feticularia; while

quite smooth forms with similar plates also occur (Sp. lata, Brown,

and Sp. glaberrimus, de Koninck). But other forms called Sp.

glabra seem to have been derived from radially costate ancestors.

The use of the generic name Martinia for various smooth Spiriferids

of the Devonian and Carboniferous thus becomes wholly unjusti-

fiable, as it simply denotes a stage of catagenetic development at

which several different stocks of Spirifers arrive. As the outcome

of this study the Author restricts the genus Spirifer, and allocates

several British and foreign species among the genera Fusella,

Choristites, Trigonotreta, Brachythyris, Martinia, and Reticularia.

He also gives in an Appendix’a revised explanation of Davidson’s

plates xi & xii of the Monograph of Carboniferous Brachiopods.

December 18th, 1907.—Sir Archibald Geikie, K.C.B., D.C.L., Sc.D.,

Sec. R.S., President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘Some Recent Discoveries of Paleolithic Implements.’ By

Sir John Evans, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., For.Sec.G.8.

By the courtesy of Mr. Worthington Smith, the Author is

enabled to call attention to some recent discoveries of Palzolithic

implements on the southern borders of Bedfordshire and in the

north-western part of Hertfordshire. In addition to the discovery

of a Paleolithic floor at Caddington brickfield, at between 550 and

590 feet above sea-level, implements have since been found on the

surface of the ground at 600 and 760 feet respectively; while a

good ovate implement was found in thin, water-laid material, at

651 feet O.D. In Hertfordshire, Paleolithic implements have been

found at Great Gaddesdon, at a brickfield about 14 miles north-east

of Hemel Hempstead, and at Bedmond, 2 to 27 miles south-east of

the last locality. The drifts which cap the hills in North-West

Hertfordshire seem to be of very variable origin ; and a great part

of the material is derived from clay-deposits of Eocene age, but

little remaniés. It seems to the Author that it 1s safest not to

invoke river-action for the formation of the high-level deposits,

which extend over a wide area and are in the main argillaceous and

not gravelly or sandy in character, but to adopt Mr. Worthington

Smith’s view that in early times lakes or marshes existed in these

implementiferous spots, the borders of which were inhabited by

Paleolithic Man, The evidence that he has brought forward as to

the implements having, in some of the Caddington pits, been.

manufactured on the spot, most fully corroborates this view.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[KIGHTH SERIES. |

No. 6. JUNE 1908.

LXXIL—A Synopsis of the Sharks of the Family

Scyliorhinide. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A.

THE Scyliorhinide may be diagnosed as sharks with two

dorsal fins not preceded by spines, with an anal fin, with five

gill-openings on each side, the last one or two above the base

of the pectoral fin, with cuspidate teeth of small or moderate

size, and without nictitating membranes or oro-nasal grooves.

Three genera may be recognized, which may be distin-

guished thus :—

I, First dorsal fin not in advance of the pelvics.

Dermal denticles on the upper surface of the caudal

fin similar to those on the body or uniformly

BUIATR OGY Peis at aE Je ler acataltt ss eee octet 1. Scyhorhinus,

A series of enlarged flattened denticles on each side of

a strip of normal denticles on the upper edge of

BR GANIURL Tita te Mra eares tnt hs ve Behe om ee ares 2. Pristiurus.

II, First dorsal fin long and low, in advance of the pelvics.

3. Pseudotriacis.

1. SCYLIORHINUS.

Scyliorhinus, Blainville, Journ. Phys. 1816, p. 263.

Scyllium, Cuv. Régne Anim. ed. 1, 1817, p. 124.

Catulus, A. Smith, Proc, Zool, Soc. 1837, p. 85. .

Poroderma, A, Smith, /. ¢.

Halelurus, Gill, Ann. Lye. N. York, vii. 1861, p. 467.

Cephaloscyllium, Gill, 1. ¢.

Twenty-seven species.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 30

454 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Synopsts of the Species.

I. Upper lip overlapping the lower at the corner of the mouth; upper

labial fold, if present, very short; lower labial fold short or of

moderate length. Dorsal fins equal or the first larger than the

second ; first dorsal originating above or behind the posterior

end of the base of pelvics; pelvic fins, in the males, with their

postericr edges either united or contiguous at the base. (Scylo-

rhinus.)

A. Anterior nasal valves well separated from each other and from

the mouth, each with a cirrus ; anal fin ending below the middle

of second dorsal ; pelvic fins not united.

1. First dorsal considerably larger than the second.

Nasal cirri moderate, not reaching the mouth .... 1. africanus.

Nasal cirri long, extending to the mouth ........ 2. pantherinus.

2. First dorsal scarcely Jarger than the second ; nasal cirri short,

projecting but little beyond the edges of the valves.

3. stellaris.

B. Anterior nasal valves well separated from each other and from

the mouth, each with a ridge which does not project as a free

cirrus; anal fin ending below the anterior part of second dorsal.

1. First dorsal considerably larger than the second.

Mouth about twice as wide as long *; base of first

dorsal not or scarcely more than 3 its distance

from the second; pelvic fins, in the males,

united atthe: base: «suitcase aes ste a ja: | ieee

Mouth about 2: as wideas long; base of first dorsal

11 to 12 in its distance from the second .... 5. rudis.

2. First dorsal scarcely larger than the second ; pelvic fins, in the

males, completely united ............ 6. capensis.

interspace and confluent with the upper lip; no trace of cirri ;

anal fin ending below the origin of second dorsal; pelvic fins,

in the males, united for nearly the entire length of their poste-

TIOT Ede) s site tess es Se ee ee 7. canicula.

II. Lower lip not overlapped by the upper; labial folds absent or

vestigial. First dorsal fin considerably larger than the second,

originating above or a little in advance of the middle of the base

of pelvics ; origin of second dorsal above anterior part of anal;

pelvic fins not united. Anterior nasal valves separate from each

other and from the mouth; no cirri. Head broad, depressed ;

snout short, obtuse ; mouth wide; stomach inflatable. (Cephalo-

scyllium.)

Pectoral fin extending 2 to ? of the distance from

its origin to that of the pelvics; end of anal a

little before that of second dorsal ............ 8. lateceps.

* The length of the mouth is measured from the symphysis of the

lower jaw to a transverse line between the corners of the mouth.

Sharks of the Family Scyliorhinide. 455

Pectoral fin extending nearly 3 of the distance from

its origin to that of the pelvics; end of anal

below that of second dorsal ................ 9. ventriosus.

Pectoral fin extending 3 of the distance from its

origin to that of the pelvics .............4.5 10. umbratils.

III, Lower lip not overlapped by the upper; usually a distinct labial

fold at the angle of the mouth. Dorsal fins usually subequal, the

first rarely longer than the second; pelvic fins not united. No

nasal cirri. (Halelurus.)

A. Length of base of anal more than its distance from the caudal.

1, Anal from a little less than 2 to nearly 3 times as long as the

second dorsal ; dermal denticles on upper surface of tail not

enlarged.

a. Labial fold extending along the lower jaw 3 or a little less

than 4 of the distance to the symphysis.

Anal 23 as long as second dorsal, which is larger

EEOC TL 8 V9 Le Je rag per a nv gr er ge aaa 11. endicus.

Anal 2} as long as second dorsal, which is slightly

Oa UO ne og Bg) ee err 12. brunneus.

Anal more than twice as long as second dorsal,

which is as large as the first .............4.. 13. spongiceps.

Anal twice as long as second dorsal, which is as

PBR PRAT G it eter O Sia eoln a Q's Vel acelanre s 9: ¥s,0 14. profundorum.

6. Labial fold extending along the lower jaw 3 the distance to

the symphysis; anal nearly twice as long as either dorsal.

15. analis.

ec. Labial fold extending along the lower jaw +} the distance to

the symphysis ; anal twice as long as either dorsal.

16. hispidus.

2. Anal 12 as long as second dorsal; a band of enlarged dermal

denticles on the upper surface of tail .. 17. xanurus.

3. Anal not much longer than second dorsal; dermal denticles on

upper surface of tail not enlarged ; labial fold extending along

the lower jaw about } the distance to the symphysis.

Second dorsal entirely above the anal ............ 18. cephalus.

Anal ending below the middle of second dorsal,... 19. canescens.

B. Length of base of anal equal to or less than its distance from the

caudal.

1, Anterior nasal valves separate from each other and from the

mouth,

a, Labial fold extending along the lower jaw not more than 2

the distance to the symphysis; anterior nasal valves nearly

rectangular.

a. Snout rounded ; labial fold very short or absent.

20. buergeri.

8. Snout pointed; labial fold distinct.

Interspace between the nasal valves a little more

than ? the preoral length of snout; a short

labial fold at the angle of the mouth ........ 21. guagga.

Interspace between the nasal valves not more than

1 the preoral length of snout; a labial fold at

30*

4.56 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

the angle of the mouth, extending along the.

lower jaw 4 to 2 of the distance to the syn). Si: aes

physia ian cks ace h phase ve oe cee eee . 22. natalensis.

b. Labial fold extending along the lower jaw about 3 the distance

to the symphysis; anterior nasal valves acutely pees and

with notched posterior edges.

No dorsal tubercles ¥ anal 13 to 14 as long as first

dorsal, which measures 2 3 to “2 of its distance

from the seconds... 66s. sete 23. bivius.

Two series of tubercles on the back from head to

first dorsal fin; anal 14 as long as first dorsal,

which measures nearly 4 of its distance from |

the seconds ica .4ios see ties bee ere nite 24. chilensis.

c. Labial fold extending along the lower jaw nearly to the

SY MPH ysi8~' s./. thse Wien p she eid tare me 25. maculatus.

2, Anterior nasal valves overlying the edge of the upper lip.

Labial fold extending along the lower jaw nearly to

the symphysis; anterior nasal valves separated

by a moderate interspace. 4.5 os y<oee on eae 26. marmoratus.

Labial fold extending along the lower jaw nearly 4

the distance to the symphysis ; anterior nasal

valves nearly or quite meeting in the middle

UNO tacas ie dake Sega eeeath eI i poate 27. edwardsti.

Section 1. ScyLr1oRHINUSs.

(Incl. Scyllium, Catulus, and Poroderma.)

1. Scyliorhinus africanus.

Squalus africanus, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 1494 (1793).

Scyllium africanum, Cuv. Régne Anim. ed. 2, 11. p. 886 (1829) ; Mill.

& Henle, Plagiost. p. 12, pl. vil. fig. (1841); Smith, Ill. Zool. S. ATT,

Fish. pl. xxv. fig. 1 (1845); Duméril, Elasmobr. p- 821 (1865),

Scyllium africanum, var. africana s. striata, Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii.

p. 406 (1870).

Five or seven broad dark longitudinal stripes from snout to

caudal fin, one mid-dorsal and two or three on each side.

Hab. South Africa.

In the British Museum two specimens, 400 and 600 mm.

in total length.

2. Scyliorhinus pantherinus.

Scyllium pantherinum (Smith), Mull. & Henle, Plagiost. p. 13 (1841) ;

Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr, Fish. pl. xxv. fig. 5 (1846) ; Duméril,

Elasmobr. p- 822 (1868).

Scylliium variegatum (Smith), Mull. iene. ¢.:C.ops 14; Saale be

pl. xxv. fig. 8; Duméril, /. c.

Scyllium afra jeanum, vars. variegata & pantherina, Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii.

p. 406 (1870).

Sharks of the Family Seyliorhinide. 457

Back and sides covered with blackish spots or vermicula-

tions, which may unite to form rings or longitudinal stripes.

Hab. South Africa.

In the British Museum five specimens, 400 to 700 mm. in

total length, including the types of the species and of

S. variegatum.

3. Scyliorhinus stellaris.

Squalus stellaris, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 235 (1758), and ed. 12,

p. 899 (1766). :

Scyllium catulus (non Linn.), Cuv. Régne Anim. ii. ed. 1, p. 124 (1817);

Mill. & Henle, Plagiost. p. 9, pl. vii. (1841) ; Duméril, Elasmobr.

p- 316 (1865).

Scyllium stellare, Giinth. Cat. Fish. viil. p. 403 (1870).

Upper parts with numerous rounded dark spots.

Hab, Europe, from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean.

In the British Museum eight specimens, 140 to 900 mm.

in total length.

4. Scyliorhinus retifer,

Scyllium retiferum, Garm. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. viii. 1881, p. 233.

Scylliorhinus retifer, Goode & Bean, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxii.

1896, p. 16, pl. ii. fig. 6, and pl. iv. figs. 14 & 15.

Catulus retifer, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896,

. 20.

Cuts heckelit, Ribeiro, Arch. Mus, Rio Janeiro, xiv. 1907, p. 163,

pl. viii.

Hab. Atlantic coasts of America from the United States

to Brazil, in deep water (40 to 200 fathoms).

An example of 250 mm. in the British Museum, from the

North Atlantic, shows the typical coloration of the species.

‘The back is crossed by seven pairs of narrow blackish trans-

verse stripes, the fourth and fitth of which pass through the

bases of the first and second dorsal fins respectively ; on the

sides these stripes give rise toa network with large polygonal

meshes. Goode and Bean give the name S, boa to a variety

which appears to be identical with the recently described

C. heckelii; the paired stripes are replaced by dark bars

studded with darker spots, and the reticulations on the sides

are broken up into spots and vermiculations.

5. Scyliorhinus rudis.

Scyliorhinus rudis, Pietschmann, Anz. Ak. Wien, 1908, p. 1383,

Catulus torazame, ‘Tanaka, Journ. Sci. Coll. Tokyo, xxiii, 1908, Art. 7,

p. 6, pl. ii. fig. 2.

This species differs from S. retefer in the broader head,

458 “Mr. C. T. Regan on the

shorter and blunter snout and wider mouth, as well as in

coloration. Dark transverse bars on the back correspond to

the interspaces between a series of dark bars or blotches on

the lower part of the side, and there are scattered small

round white spots on the body.

Hab. Japan.

6. Scyliorhinus capensis.

Scyllium capense, Mull. & Henle, Plagiost. p. 11 (1841); Duméril,

Elasmobr. p. 820 (1865); Gunth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 404 (1870).

Upper parts greyish or brownish, with darker cross-bands

and with numerous rounded whitish spots.

Hab. South Africa.

In the British Museum six specimens, 600 to 1000 mm. in

total length.

7. Scyliorhinus canicula.

Squalus canicula, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 234 (1758), and ed. 12,

p. 899 (1766).

Squalus catulus, Linn. t. c. ed. 10, p. 235, and ed. 12, p. 400.

Scyllium canicula, Cuv. Régne Anim. ii. ed. 1, p. 124 (1817); Mull. &

Henle, Plagiost. p. 6, pl. vil. fig. (1841) ; Duméril, Elasmobr. p. 315

(1865) ; Gunth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 402 (1870).

Upper parts of the body covered with numerous small dark

spots.

Hab. Europe, from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean.

In the British Museum twenty-seven specimens, measuring

up to 700 mm. in total length.

Section 2. CEPHALOSCYLLIUM.

8. Seyliorhinus laticeps.

Scyllium laticeps, Duméril, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1858, p. 84, pl. iii. fig, 2,

and Elasmobr. p. 828 (1865) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 404 (1870).

Upper surface brownish, with numerous rounded blackish

spots ; a broad blackish transverse band covering the region

between the eyes and the last gill-openings; a less distinct

dark band behind this; a few dark blotches on the sides and

at the base of each dorsal fin ; lower surface yellow.

Hab, Southern Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand.

In the British Museum three specimens, 300 to 850 mm.

in total length.

9. Scyliorhinus ventriosus.

Scyllium ventriosum, Garm. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vi. 1880, p. 167.

Catulus uter, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 25,

and 1900, fig. 12.

Sharks of the Family Scyliorhinide. 459

Upper surface brownish, with scattered rounded dark brown

spots and smaller bright yellow spots; back with several

dark cross-bands or pairs of bands which are more or less

broken up into double series of dark spots; lower surface

yellow, with numerous dark spots. In structural characters

differing but slightly from the preceding species.

Hab. Pacific Coast of America from California to Chile.

In the British Museum one example, 620 mm. in total

length.

10. Scyliorhinus umbratils.

Cephaloscyllium umbratile, Jord. & Fowler, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxvi.

1908, p. 602, fig. 1.

Brownish, spotted and marbled with darker; back with

dark transverse bands, the first behind the eyes, the second

between the pectorals, the fourth and fifth through the bases

of the dorsal fins.

Hab. Japan.

In the British Museum one example, 1000 mm. in total

length.

Section 3. HaLa.Lurus.

11. Scyliorhinus indicus.

Scyliorhinus indicus, Brauer, ‘ Valdivia’ Tiefsee-Fische, p. 8, pl. xiv.

tig, 1 (1906).

Dr. A. Brauer has kindly informed me that in this species

the labial fold extends along the lower jaw a little less than

+ the distance to the symphysis. As in most of the deep-

sea species of this genus, the coloration is nearly uniform.

Hab. Indian Ocean, at depths of 1289 to 1840 metres off

East Africa and in the Gulf of Aden.

12 Scyliorhinus brunneus.

Catulus brunneus, Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, p. 542; Jord. &

Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii, 1896, p. 24.

Hab. Gulf of California, in deep water.

13. Scyliorhinus spongiceps.

Catulus spongiceps, Gilbert, Bull. U.S. Fish. Comm. 1903, p, 579

(1905).

Hab. Hawaii, 313 to 800 fathoms.

460 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

14. Scyltorhinus profundorum.

Scylliorhinus profundorum, Goode & Bean, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool.

xxii. 1896, p. 17, pl. v. fig. 16; Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat, Mus.

xlvii. 1896, p. 22, and 1900, fig. 11.

Hab. North Atlantic, at a depth of 816 fathoms, in lat.

39° ON. lone! 12 as

15. Scyliorhinus analis.

Scyllium anale, Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales. x. 1885, p. 445.

Catulus analis, Waite, Mem. Austral. Mus. iv. 1899, pl. i1. fig. 1.

Brownish or greyish, with scattered round dark spots.

Hab. New South Wales.

In the British Museum one specimen, 460 mm. in total

length.

16. Scyliorhinus hispidus.

Scyllium hispidum, Alcock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) viii. 1891,

p. 21; Ill. Zool. ‘Investigator,’ Fishes, pl. viii. fig. 3 (1894); Cat.

Ind. Deep-sea Fish. p. 15 (1899).

Scyliorhinus hispidus, Brauer, ‘ Valdivia’ Tiefsee-Fische, p. 7 (1906).

Greyish, with or without dark cross-bars on the back.

Hab. Indian Ocean, 185 to 419 fathoms.

In the British Museum one specimen, 260 mm. in total

length.

17. Scyliorhinus xaniurus.

Catulus caniurus, Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, p. 540; Jord. &

Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 24.

Hab. Coast of Southern California, at a depth of 184 to

684 fathoms.

18. Scyliorhinus cephalus.

Catulus cephalus, Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, p. 541; Jord. &

Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 24.

Hab. Gulf of California and Revillagigedo Islands, at a

depth of 362 to 460 fathoms.

A small specimen in the British Museum received from

the Smithsonian Institution as C. xaniurus probably belongs

to this species, as there are no enlarged denticles on the upper

surface of the tail and the anal is only 14 as long as the

second dorsal.

Sharks of the Family Scyliorhinide. 461

19. Scyliorhinus canescens.

Scyllium canescens, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ii. 1878, p. 18,

and ‘ Challenger’ Deep-sea Fish. p. 1, pl. i. fig. A (1887).

Hab. Chile, 400 fathoms.

In the British Museum a single specimen, type of the

species, 285 mm. in total length.

Alcock (Cat. Ind. Deep-sea Fish. p. 16) has recorded

S. canescens from the Indian Ocean, but from his notes it is

evident that his specimen does not belong to this species.

20. Scyliorhinus buergert.

Scyllium buergert, Mill. & Henle, Plagiost. p. 8, pl. ii. (1841); Schleg.

Faun. Japon., Poiss. p. 801 (1850); Duméril, Elasmobr. p. 320

(1865) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 404 (1870).

Halelurus buergert, Jord. & Fowler, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xxvi. 1905,

p. 601.

Brownish, with darker cross-bars which are studded with

blackish spots.

Hab. Japan to Amboyna.

In the British Museum five specimens, 390 to 480 mm. in

total length.

21. Scylorhinus quagga.

Seyllium quagga, Alcock, Cat. Ind. Deep-sea Fish. p. 17 (1899), and

Ill. Zool. ‘ Investigator,’ Fish. pl. xxvii. fig. 1 (1900).

Back with narrow dark cross-bands.

Hab. Malabar Coast, 102 fathoms.

22. Scyliorhinus natalensis.

Seylhum natalense, Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv. 1904,

p- 128.

Greyish, with brown markings; back with cross-bands

with dark edges, the anterior bands sometimes broken up

into two or three large spots; interspaces between the ante-

rior bands covered with reticulations; posteriorly narrower

intermediate bands; a large dark spot on each of the dorsal,

pectoral, and pelvic fins.

Hab. Natal and Cape Colony.

In the British Museum four specimens, 390 to 425 mm. in

total length, including the type of the species.

23. Scyliorhinus bivius.

Scyllium bivium (Smith), Miill. & Henle, Plagiost. p. 8 (1841); Du-

méril, Elasmobr. p, 321 (1865) ; Giinth, Cat. Fish. viii. p. 405 (1870),

462 Mr. C. 'T. Regan on the

Scyllium brevicolle, Philippi, An. Univ. Chile, lxxi. 1887, p. 558, pl. vii.

fig. 5.

Scyllium gay, Philippi, Zool. Garten, 1887, p. 86.

Scyllium chilense (non Guichen.), Vaill. Miss, Sci. Cap Horn, Poiss.

p. 10, pe aie ey.

Back with dark blotches or transverse bars; upper parts

with rounded blackish spots and usually with some pale spots.

flab. Chile and Patagonia.

In the British Museum eight specimens, 280 to 750 mm.

in total length, including the type of the species.

24. Scyliorhinus chilensis.

Scyllium chilense, Guichen. in Gay, Fauna Chilena, Pisces, p. 8362 (1847) ;

Giinth, Cat. Fish. viii. p. 405 (1870); Philippi, An. Univ. Chile,

Ixxi, 1887, p. 556, pl. vii. fig. 4.

Coloration as in the preceding species, but no pale spots.

Hab. Chile.

In the British Museum four examples, 330 to 550 mm. in

total length.

25. Scyliorhinus maculatus.

Squalus maculatus, Schneid. Bloch’s System. Ichthyol. p. 130 (1801).

Scyliium maculatum, Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 401 (1870).

Catulus labiosus, Waite, Rec. Austral. Mus. vi. 1906, p. 57, fig. 23.

Body with scattered rounded dark spots.

Hab. Australia.

The specimen in the British Museum, 550 mm. in total

length, from Bramble Bay *, was erroneously described by

Giinther as having the nasal valves confluent in front of the

mouth. Waite’s figure, based on a specimen from Free-

mantle, Western Australia, shows very accurately the structure

and position of the nasal valves, labial folds, &c.

26. Scyliorhinus marmoratus.

Scylliwum marmoratum, Bennett, in ‘ Life of Raffles,’ p. 693 (1830) ;

Ginth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 400 (1870).

Scyllium maculatum (non Bl. Schn.), Gray, Ind. Zool. pl. xeviii. fig. 1

(1882); Mull. & Henle, Plagiost. p. 5, pl. vii. (1841); Duméril,

Elasmobr. p. 319 (1865).

Upper parts with numerous brown spots whieh may unite

to form undulating bands or rings enclosing pale spots.

Hab. India; Malay Archipelago.

In the British Museum eight specimens, 340 to 620 mm.

in total length, including the type of S. maculatum, Gray.

* ? Bramble Cay, an island in the Gulf of Papua.

Sharks of the Family Scyliorhinide. 463

27. Scylorhinus edwardsii.

Se eo catulus (non Linn.), Edwards, Glean. Nat. Hist. iii. pl. cclxxxix.

Selim edwardsti, Cuv. Régne Anim. ed. 2, p. 386 (1829); Mull. &

Henle, Plagiost. p. 4, pl. i. (1841); Duméril, Elasmobr. p. 319

(1865) ; Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 401 (1870).

Scyllium pictum, Mill. & Henle, t. c. pp. 4 & 189.

Upper parts of head, body, and paired fins with dark

brown reticulations ; back with several irregular dark cross-

bars.

Hab. South Africa.

In the British Museum three specimens, 160 to 520 mm.

in total length.

2. PRISTIURUS.

Pristiurus, Bonap. Faun. Ital., Pesce. (1834).

Differs from Scyliorhinus in having a series of enlarged

dermal denticles on each side of the upper edge of the caudal

fin.

Three species.

Synopsis of the Species.

I, Anal fin ending at a short distance from the caudal.

Base of anal fin considerably longer than the distance

from anterior edge of eye to origin of pectoral fin. 1. melanastumus.

Base of anal fin equal to the distance from anterior

edge of eye to origin of pectoral fin............ 2. murinus.

II. Anal fin separated from the caudal by a distance

not much less than the length of its base .... 3. eastmant.

1. Pristiurus melanostomus.

Galeus melastomus, Rafin. Caratt. p. 18 (1810).

Pristiurus melanostomus, Bonap. Faun, Ital., Pesce. (1834); Mull. &

Henle, Plagiost. p. 15 (1841); Duméril, Elasmobr. p. 325 (1865) ;

Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 407 (1870).

Pristiurus atlanticus, Vaill. Expéd. ‘ Travailleur’ et ‘ Talisman,’ Poiss,

p. 59, pl. i. fig. 1 (1888).

Hab. Coasts of Europe, from Scandinavia to the Mediter-

ranean.

In the British Museum twenty-four examples, measuring

up to 650 mm. in total length.

2. Pristiurus murinus.

Pristiurus murinus, Coll. Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christian. 1904, no. 9, p. 4,

and Rep. Norweg. Fish, ii. 1905, no. 8, p. 32, pl. i. fig. 3.

464 On the Sharks of the Family Scyliorhinide.

Hab. 150 kilométres N.W. of the Hebrides, at a depth of

1100 to 1300 métres.

3. Pristiurus eastmant.

Pristiurus eastmant, Jord. & Snyd. Smithson, Coll. xlv. 1903, p. 280,

pl. lx. (1904).

Hab. Japan. |

In the British Museum one specimen, 300 mm. in total

length.

Garman has recently proposed a new genus Parmaturus

(Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xlvi. 1906, p. 203) to include a new

species, Parmaturus pilosus, from deep water off Japan,

in addition to Pristiurus eastmani and Scyliorhinus xaniurus.

I have examined a specimen of Pristiurus eastmant, which

I regard as congeneric with P. melanostomus. On the other

hand, S. wanturus, as described, does not appear to differ

generically from Scyliorhinus. ‘The systematic position of

Parmaturus pilosus is therefore, at present, uncertain.

3. PSEUDOTRIACIS.

Pseudotriacis, Capello, Jorn. Sc. Math. Phys. Lisboa, iv. 1867, p. 321.

This genus is distinguished by the numerous small teeth

and by the long and low first dorsal fin in advance of the

pelvics.

‘T'wo species.

1. Pseudotriacts microdon.

Pseudotriakis microdon, Capello, Jorn. Sci. Math. Lisboa, iv. 1867,

p. 321, pl. v. fig. 1; Bean, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vi. 1883, p- 147;

Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 27, and 1900,

fig. 14.

Pseudotriacis nmucrodon, Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 895 (1870).

Length of head (to last gill-opening) 54 in the length of

the fish.

Hab. North Atlantic.

In the British Museum one example, 1050 mm. in total

length.

This species attains a length of 3000 mm. ‘The skeleton

has been well described by Jaquet (Bull. Mus. Monaco, 19035,

no. 36) and does not differ notably from that of Scyliorhinus.

The secondary calcification of the vertebre 1s reduced to a

thin peripheral layer, as in Pristiurus (Regan, Proc. Zool.

Soc. 1906, p. 745).

On a new Species of the Genus Conus. 465

‘9. Pseudotriacis acrales. —

' Pseudotriacis acrales, Jord. & Snyd. Smithson. Coll. xlv. 1908, p. 282,

pl. Ixii, (1904). °

Length of head (to last gill-opening) 4} in the length of

the fish.

Hab. Japan.

Jordan and Snyder give a comparative table of the supposed

differences between this species and the preceding, but a

specimen of P. microdon from the coast of Portugal in the

British Museum has the characters assigned by them to the

Japanese form, except for the shorter head.

LXXIII.—Deseription of a new Species of the Genus Conus.

By G. B. Sowersy, F.L.S.

Conus excelsus, sp. n.

Testa fusiformis, elongata, angulata, utrinque acuminata, sulcis

transversis numerosis haud profundis cingulata, longitudinaliter

irregulariter dense plicata; fulva, maculis albis diversiformibus,

et lineis rufo-fuscis irregularibus interruptis, plerumque in

balteis transversis dispositis ornata; spira elatissima, acuta,

gradata; anfractus 13-14, angulati, supra leviter concavi, bi-

sulcati, oblique aurantio lineati et albo variegati, primi 8-9

minute nodulati; anfractus ultimus acuminatus, antice valde

attenuatus, postice angulatus, ad angulum tenuiter carinatus,

flammulis rufo-fuscis et albis oblique arcuatis pictus; apertura

mediocriter lata; labrum tenue, arcuatum, postice profunde

sinuatum.

Long. 93, maj. diam. 33 mm.

Hab. New Caledonia ?

This magnificent shell, at present unique, defies comparison

with any hitherto known species. ‘The most prominent

feature is the extraordinary height of its acutely conical

spire, which is quite symmetrical and has no appearance of

abnormality. The whorls are angular, a little concave above

the angle, with two shallow spiral grooves; the first eight or

nine are coronated with minute tubercles at the angle. The

body-whorl is gracefully attenuated towards the base and

slightly rounded at the angle, which is surmounted by a

narrow keel. The surface is sculptured by rather numerous

shallow spiral grooves and longitudinal minute irregular

plice. In colour it is rather light fulvous yellow, with white

patches of various sizes and shapes, outlined with reddish

466 On anew Rhodesian Hare.

brown ; the brown flames and white spaces on the upper part

of the body-whorl and crossing the angle have the obliquely

arcuate form of the labial sinus. The aperture is of about

Conus ervcelsus.

the average width, with a thin sharp lip arcuately receding

and forming quite a Pleurotomoid sinus.

The shell came to me from New Caledonia; but I hive

at present no certain information as to its habitat. It is now

in the British Museum (South Kensington).

LXXIV.—On a new Rhodesian Hare.

By E. C. CHuBB.

Lepus culuensis micklemt, subsp. n.

A small form of LZ. zuluensis. |

General colour above drab-brown, pencilled with black,

The Nomenclature of certain Lorises. A467

flanks lighter. Hairs of back black, with subterminal ring of

“ecru-drab’’; underfur slaty grey, tipped with smoky brown.

Under surface white, the fur in some parts grey at base.

Throat-patch like back, more extensive than in ZL. zuluensis.

Muzzle, interramia, and ring round eye dirty white; cheeks

and forehead like back. Outer surface of ears similarly

coloured to back, but rather darker than in L. zuluenszis,

margined with white and tipped with black. Nape-patch

“ochraceous buff.’ Limbs white inside, outside similar to

colour of back but lighter. Hind feet nearly white above.

Tail white, with a broad black dorsal stripe.

Skull very similar to that of true zulwensis, but smaller.

Incisors narrower than in typical zulwensis, with wider,

shallower, more median grooves.

Dimensions of two co-types (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 430, 435 mm.; tail 80, 87 ; hind foot 110,

108; ear 95, 95.

Skulls: greatest length 85, 88; basilar length 64, 67;

zygomatic breadth 42, 41; nasals, oblique length 38, 37°5,

greatest breadth 19,19; interorbital breadth inside wings

18, 18°5 ; breadth of brain-case 28, 28°5; diastema 23:5, 25 ;

palate length 34°5, 86; palatal foramina 21, 22x 8, 9°5;

length of cheek tooth series 14, 15.

Average measurements of six skins from Bulawayo :—

Head and body 435 mm.; tail 87; hind foot 107; ear 97.

flab. Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia.

Co-types. Nos. 11,15, E.C.C. g, 12th April, 1907; 3,

30th April, 1907.

Caught by natives near Bulawayo.

Matabele name ‘f Umvundhla.”

LXXV.—The Nomenclature of certain Lorises.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

In a recent publication * Dr. A. Cabrera has made some

remarks on the nomenclature of the Oriental Lemurines of

the genera Nycticebus and Loris, but he comes to conclusions

with which I am not prepared to agree, for the reasons

explained below.

His chief contention is that Stone and Rehn ¢ were wrong

in assigning Linneus’s ‘ Lemur tardigradus” to the Cingha-

* Bol. Soc. espah. Hist. Nat. 1908, p. 135.

t+ P. Ac, Philad. 1902, p. 137.

468 The Nomenclature of certain Lorises.

lese Slender Lemur (Loris), instead of to Mycticebus, as had

been previously done. His conclusion is based on the argu-

ment that Linneus’s description agrees better with JVycti-

cebus, whatever his references may refer to, an argument that

is quite natural for any one to use who has not been forced

by hard experience to learn that certain formal rules are

necessary to be followed in such cases, and that with regard

to Linnean names in particular there is no hope of anything

like definiteness in our conclusions unless some formal routine

is followed.

The only method that promises this definiteness is to trace

back Linnzeus’s references through his own published works

until the earliest is reached, and from that the original

source of the name can be deduced. A description drawn up

from some other specimen at a later date cannot be allowed to

invalidate conclusions based on this formal method.

In the case of Lemur tardigradus Messrs. Stone and Rehn

come to the right result, but only by the rather loose method

of examining all the references and judging between their

relative importance, a matter in which the personal equation

might often come in with disconcerting results.

My conclusion would be obtained in the following way :—

1758. Lemur tardigradus, Linn. 8. N. (10) 1. p. 29.

“1, L. ecaudatus, Mus. Ad. Fr. i. p. 8.

Simia ecaudata, unguibus indicis subulatis. Syst. nat.5.*

n. 2.

Animal cynocephalum tardigradum. Seb. mus. i. p. 55. &.

Animal elegantissimum robinsoni. Rai. quadr. 161.”

Ignoring the other references, and taking the first of the

two Linnean ones, we get 3

1754. Lemur tardigradus, Linn. Mus, Ad. Frid. i. p. 3.

“¢ Temur ecaudatus.

Simia ecaudata.... Syst. Nat. 3. n. 2.”

Therefore a mere transference of the importance to the

second reference, which would be in full—

1748. Linn. Syst. Nat. (6) p. 3. no. 2.

“Simia ecaudata, unguibus indicis subulatis. Seb. thes. i.

ges i Mae ae rd

The reference, as with the still earlier 1740 edition, is here

* Misprint for 3. These numbers, as with all Linngus’s 10th edition

quotations, refer to the pages of the 6th edition.

On a Stridulating-organ in certain River-Crabs. 469

solely to Seba’s admirable figure of the Slender Loris, and this

should therefore be taken as the basis of the Linnean name.

The fact that Linneus many years afterwards referred to

his Lemur tardigradus a specimen of a Nycticebus which he

then described, should not be allowed to affect our judgment

as to what was the original and essential basis of the name

he gave.

Loris tardigradus will therefore be the proper name of the

Cinghalese animal, while Dr. Cabrera is of course right in

saying that of Mr. Lydekker’s two subspecies of Loris * it is

the §.-Indian one which needs the new name. He gives

to this that of lydekkerianus, the co-types of which would be

those referred to by Mr. Lydekker, B.M. nos. 3. 2. 19. 1-2.

Further, I am at issue both with Dr. Cabrera and Mr. Lyon

in their contention that the name menagensis is to be treated

as ‘non est” in the group. For while this was the case on the

description of the animal when first published by Nachtrieb

without a generic name, its reference to the genus Nycticebus

by Trouessart f has technically to be taken as a giving of the

name menagens?s to the animal described by Nachtrieb, the

name theretore having now validity as Nycticebus menagensis,

Trouessart. The latter’s ‘‘?’? does not affect the question,

as, although with the query, the animal ¢s put into the genus

Nycticebus, and also without a query by Stone and Rehn f

and Lydekker §, on whose authority, again, menagensis would

antedate the new name philippinus given by Dr. Cabrera.

LXXVI.—On a Stridulating-organ in certain African River-

Crabs. By W. T. Catman, D.Sc., British Museum

(Natural History).

In examining a collection of river-crabs (Potamonide)

recently brought to the British Museum from the Gaboon

by Dr. W. J. Ansorge, I observed in one of the species a

stridulating-organ of a type hitherto undescribed. A search

among the Potamonide of the Museum collection revealed

the fact that a similar organ is present, though less perfectly

developed, in certain other species more or less closely related

to the first.

‘he species which presents this structure in its fullest

* P. Z. S. 1904, ii. p. 845, pl. xxiii.

+ Cat. Mamm. i. p. 63 (1898).

t Zc. p. 138. § L. c, p. 345,

Ann. & Mag, N. Mist. Ser. 8. Vol. i, 31

470 Dr. W. T. Calman on a Stridulating-organ

development appears to be, without doubt, that described by

A. Milne-Edwards, and more fully by Dr. de Man and Miss

Rathbun, as Potamon (Potamonautes) africanum*, I have

examined three specimens, all males. The largest specimen,

from which the following description is mainly taken,

measures 80 mm. across the carapace. . The stridulating-

organ is formed by groups of modified spines on the upper

surface of the coxe of the first and second pairs of walking-

legs and on parts of the free branchiostegal edge of the

carapace immediately opposed to them. ‘The upper surface of

eachcoxal segment (fig. 2) is strongly convex, and the modified

spines occupy its posterior part, which curves downwards

towards the ridge separating the upper from the posterior

surface. On the first leg the patch of spines measures about

Fig. 1.

| 2, i

Fig. 1. Potamon (Potamonautes) africanum, male, from the right side

(natural size). 1 and 2, the first two pairs of walking-legs, on

the coxal segments of which are seen the patches of modified

spines opposite the lobes on the branchiostegal edge of the

carapace.

3°5 x 6°5 mm., and is conspicuous to the naked eye because of

the dark brown colour of the closely-set spines. On the second

leg the patch is less sharply defined and less conspicuous,

owing to the fact that the spines are smaller and more widely

spaced. In both cases the spines increase in size from the

anterior edge of the patch, where they merge into the scattered

setee of the general surface of the limb, to the posterior edge,

* Descriptions and full synonymy of all the species referred to will be

found in Miss Rathbun’s monograph, “ Les Crabes d’eau douce,’” Nouy.

Arch. Mus, Paris, (4° sér.) vols. vi.—viii. (1904-1906).

in certain African River-Crabs. A71

which they overhang slightly. Hach spine curves over, so

that its distal part is more or less parallel to the surface from

which it springs, and the points are all directed backwards.

Fig e.

Fig. 2. Upper surface of coxal segments of (a) the first and (4) the second

walking-legs (enlarged).

Fig. 3. Branchiostegal edge of carapace, viewed from below. 1 and 2,

lobes opposite the coxe of the first and second pairs of walking-

legs respectively, bearing groups of stridulating-spines ; c, portion

of the edge which is opposed to the base of the cheliped and

which in this species has no specialized spines.

Fig. 4. One of the branchiostegal stridulating-spines partly cut open to

show the cavity within, further enlarged.

Fig. 5. Potamon (Potamonautes) pobeguini, female. Branchiostegal edge

of carapace from below. Lettering as in fig. 3. In this species

stridulating-spines are present opposite the coxa of the cheliped.

The free edge of the branchiostegite, immediately over the

spinulose patches of the cox, is produced downwards into

31*

472 Dr. W. T. Calman on a Stridulating-organ

two square-cut lobes, the distal margins of which nearly touch

the surfaces of the coxe (fig. 1). Hach lobe is thickened and

is defined in front and behind by a notch, running upwards; as

a short groove on the surface of the carapace. On the lower

surface of each lobe (fig. 3) is a group of very peculiarly modi-

fied spines, unequal in size and dark brown in colour. Tnese

spines (fig. 4), of which there are ten on the anterior and eight

on the posterior lobe in the specimen examined, are cylindrical

for a short distance from the base, then dilating into a stout

fusiform bulb and terminating in a sharp point. The dilated

part is hollow and its cavity is filled with air. In the basal

part the cavity contracts to a narrow canal.

When the coxa of either leg is rotated backwards and

forwards about the vertical axis of the joint connecting it

with the trunk, a hissing or creaking sound is produced in

spirit-specimens, especially if the carapace be lightly pressed

down so as to bring the branchiostegal spines into contact

with those on the coxe.

The species most nearly approaching P. africanum in the

degree of development of this organ is one from the Cama-

roons which [ identify, not without hesitation, as Potamon

(Putamonautes) pobeguini, Rathbun. In this species the

chelipeds, as well as the first and second walking-legs, share

in the formation of the stridulating-apparatus, which is

similarly developed in both sexes. ‘The coxal spines on all

three pairs of limbs are much smaller and less closely set

than in P. africanum, and the areas which they occupy are

less sharply defined. ‘The free edge of the branchiostegite is

slightly produced downwards between each of the successive

pairs of legs, but does not present sharply defined lobes as in

P. africanum. Viewed from below (fig. 5), the branchiostegal

edge above the coxa of the cheliped is seen to carry a patch

of numerous and closely-set spines, of which only the larger

are distinctly clavate and hollow. ‘The groups of branchio-

stegal spines corresponding to the first and second walking-

legs resemble more nearly those of P. africanum, but the

spines are much more numerous and present a transition from

small, stout, but not clavate spines on the inner side to large,

clavate, hollow spines on the outer side. None of the spines

have the dark brown colour which renders conspicuous those

of P. africanum.

In Potamon (Potamonautes) flower’, de Man (of which I

have examined the type specimen), in P. aubryi (M.-E.), and

in another closely allied species from Fernando Po (to which

I do not venture to give aname), the apparatus is only repre-

sented on the chelipeds, of which the coxee have on the upper

in certain African River- Crabs. 473

surface an area closely covered with very short spines, opposed

to an oval area of similar spines, very short and not clavate,

on the branchiostegite. On the coxe of the first and second

walking-legs and on the corresponding parts of the branchio-

stegal edge the spines and sete, which are present in small

numbers, present no evidence of modification.

In Potamon (Potamonautes) latidactylum, de Man, of which

I have examined the types and numerous other specimens,

the coxe of the chelipeds and of the first two pairs of walking-

legs have on the upper surface an oval area which comes into

contact with the branchiostegite, but the spines with which

it is covered are very minute dnd scattered. On the bran-

chiostegal edge there are several rows of rather stout spines,

often with a slender setiform tip, which are most developed

over the bases of the three pairs of limbs just mentioned. In

this case it seems very unlikely that the parts can have a

stridulating function at all.

which P. africanum is the type) in Miss Rathbun’s classifica-

tion of the subgenus Potamonautes. The other West-African

species referred to this group, P. pelid (Herklots) and P. de-

eazet (A. M.-E.), are unknown to me, unless, indeed, the

specimens which I have referred to P. pobeguint should

really bear the name of Herklots’s species. I regret especially

that I have had no opportunity of examining any of the

Oriental species which Miss Rathbun places in the same

group. In no other members of the Potamonide have I[

found so far any indication of a similar apparatus.

Although it remains to be demonstrated by observation of

the living animals that the struetures here described are

actually used in the production of sound, it can har.ly be

doubted that this will prove to be the case at least in P. afri-

canum and P. pobeguini. So far as I am aware, no stridu-

Jating organs have hitherto been described in any members of

the Potamonide. According to the summary given by

Ortmann (Bronn’s ‘ Thierreich,’? Crustacea, 1. p. 1245), the

only Brachyura known to stridulate or possessing organs

' supposed to have this function are species of Matuta, Ozius,

Platyonychus, Oeypode, Macrophthalmus, Sesarma, and some

other Grapside. In all these cases, however, and in the few

Crustacea of other groups (Palinuride, Paguridea) which

have stridulating-organs, the arrangement is very different

from that described here. ‘The main portion of the apparatus

consists of ridges or granules on the surface of the exoskeleton,

never of modified spines, although the latter are commonly

found in the stridulating-organs of the Arachnida,

474. Sir G. F, Hampson on the Moths collected

LXXVII.—On the Moths collected during the Cruise of the

‘Valhalla’ during the Winter 1905-6 by Mr. EL. G. B.

Meade-Waldo. By Sir Grorce F. Hampson, Bart.,

I Z8., Se.

In the following paper I have in the first place given a

complete list of the moths collected on the various oceanic

islands touched at under their several localities, as the fauna

of these small islands is of special interest, and in the second

part described the new species collected at various continental

localities in their systematic order. The specimens collected

have all been presented by the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Crawford,

K.C.G., to the British Museum.

S. TRINIDAD.

Noctuidae.

A cCRONYCTNA.

Eriopus floridensis, Guen. Noct. ii. p. 292 (1852).

AOS SRO

CATocALInaz.

Remigia repanda, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. (2) p. 49 (1792).

Waal 2%

Pyralide.

CrAMBINZ.

Culladia niphosella, sp. n.

Pure white; palpi cupreous brown at sides; antenne

tinged with brown ; fore legs fuscous brown in front. Fore

wing with the costal edge blackish towards base; a more or

less distinct cupreous yellow triangular mark on costa before

apex; three black points on middle of termen.

4G, La types dezo. 101m.

PYRAUSTINE.

Zinckenia perspectalis, Hiibn. Schmett. Eur. Pyr. fig. 101

(1827).

13) & fis

during the Cruise of the ‘Valhalla,’ AT5

Pilocrocis sp.

1 2 in bad condition.

Condylorrhiza vestigialis, Guen. Delt. & Pyr. p. 821 (1854),

Las

Comoro Is.

Syntomide.

Euchromia formosa, Guér. Icon. R. Anim., Ins. p. 501,

pl. Ixxxiv. bis, fig. 10 (1829).

Mayotta, 2 ?.

Arctiade.

LIvHOSIANA.

Ilema stictigramma, sp. n.

&. Head and thorax grey-brown; abdomen pale ochreous

brown. Fore wing grey, tinged with purplish brown ; the

postmedial line represented by a small black spot on costa

and a very oblique series of four spots from below vein 6

towards termen to inner margin. Hind wing pale yellowish,

the termen slightly tinged with brown.

Mayotta, 1] ¢ type. Hwp. 22 mm.

Noctuidz.

CATOCALINE.

Cyligramma latona, Cram. Pap. Exot. i. p. 20, pl. xiii. B

(1779).

Mayotta,1 ¢.

Cyligramma fluctuosa, Drury, Ins. Exot. ii. p. 24, pl. xiv.

fic. 1 (1770).

Mayotta, 2 ¢,2 9.

Spirama pardus, Guen. Noct. ii. p. 205 (1852).

May Otta yo: ule es

Ophiusa ebenaui, Saalm. Lep. Madag. p. 464, pl. ix. fig. 153

(1891). |

Mayotta, 1 ¢.

476 Sir G. F. Hampson on the Moths collected

Chalciope hyppasia, Cram. Pap. Exot. i. pl. ecl. E (1779).

Mayotta, 2 @.

Remigia repanda, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. (2) p. 49 (1792).

Mayotta,1 g,1 2.

Remigia frugalis, Fabr. Syst. Ent. vi. p. 601 (1775).

Mayotta, 2 2.

Remigia undata, Fabr. Syst. Ent. vi. p. 600 (1775).

Mayotta, 2 ?.

E/RASTRIANZ.

Naranga diplogramma, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax brownish white slightly irrorated

with fuscous; pro- and mesothorax with slight paired dark

spots; tarsi banded with brown; abdomen pale brownish,

with indistinct brown dorsal bands. Fore wing brownish

white, slightly irrorated with fuscous; antemedial line

indistinct, double, oblique, irregularly waved, a black striga

beyond it across submedian fold ; a round grey spot in end of

cell, defined by black at sides, and with small black spot

above it on costa; a greyish streak beyond lower angle of

cell; postmedial line double, black, filled in with white,

bent outwards below costa, then irregularly waved, excurved

to vein 4, then oblique to submedian fold and bent outwards

again; subterminal line slight, whitish, defined by olive-

brown on inner side, crossed by an oblique blackish shade

from apex, and with slight blackish marks beyond it in the

interspaces; a terminal series of fine black strie; cilia grey,

irrorated with black and with fine black line at middle. Hind

wing fuscous brown; cilia ochreous, with brownish line near

base and brownish tips; the underside whitish, thickly

irrorated with brown, a slight discoidal spot and sinuous

postmedial line.

Mayotta, 1 9 type. zp. 18 mm.

Lymantriade.

Porthesia producta, Wik. P. Z. 5S. 1863, p. 168.

Mayotta, 1 ?.

during the Cruise of the ‘Valhalla,’ 477

Sphingide.

Cephonodes hylas, Linn. Mant. p. 539 (1771).

Mayotta, 1 ?.

Geometride.

BoArMIAVz.

Tephrina catalaunaria, Guen. Phal. ii. p. 108 (1857).

Mayotta,3 g,3 ¢.

GEOMETRIN#.

Thalassodes quadraria, Guen. Phal. i. p. 360 (1857).

Mayotta,1 2.

Hemithea alhistrigula, Warr. Nov. Zool. iv. p. 89 (1897).

Mayotta, 1 ¢.

Pyralide.

ScH@NOBIAN A.

Scirpophaga gilviberbis, Zell. Mon. Chil. & Cramb. p. 2

(1363).

Mayotta, 2 ¢.

A NERASTIANE.

Enosima veetiferella, Rag. Rom, Mém. viii. p. 391, pl. xlii.

fig. 24 (1901).

Mayotta, 1 ?.

E’wpoTRicHIN&.

Endotricha vinolentahs, Rag. Anu. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1891,

p- 525.

Mayotta, 1 G4che?.

HypROcAMPINE.

Bradina admixtalis, Wik. xviii. 665 (1859).

Mayotta, 1 ¢.

478 Sir G. F. Hampson on the Moths collected

Zebronia phenice, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv. p. 185, pl. ceclxxxil.

fiz. G (1783).

Mayotta, 1 ¢.

PYRAUSTINZ.

Zinckenta fascialis, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv. pl. ccexeviii. fig. O

(1788). :

Mayotta, 1 ¢.

Lygropia quaternalis, Zell. Lep. Caffr. p. 44 (1852).

Mayotta,1 ¢.

Nacoleia argyropalis, sp. n.

$. Bright yellow ; palpi white, with dark brown bars at

extremities of first and second joints, the third joint and

frons brown; shoulders with brown streaks; pectus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore tibie with

black band at extremity. Fore wing with the costal area

tinged with rufous to beyond middle; a dark brown sub-

basal striga from costa; a straight erect antemedial line

conjoined to a brown spot with silvery-white centre in cell ;

a brown discoidal bar with silvery-white line in middle; a

slightly sinuous postmedial brown line erect from costa to

vein 2, then retracted to lower end of discoidal bar, and erect

to inner margin ; a brown terminal line ; cilia yellow. Hind

wing with brown discoidal bar; postmedial line fine,

slightly sinuous, erect to vein 2, then retracted to lower

angle of cell and oblique to inner margin; a brown terminal

line; cilia yellow, with a slight brown line near base.

Mayotta, 1 g type. Hp. 20 mm.

Sylepta melanopalis, sp. n.

@. Fuscous brown, with a slight cupreous gloss; palpi

white at base and with the third joint white; sides of frons

with slight whitish streaks ; pectus and legs white, the fore

tibiee with black band at extremity; abdomen with slight

white segmental lines and the ventral suiface white. Fore

wing with dark antemedial line, with white band on inner

side, excurved from costa to submedian fold, then slightly

incurved ; a black spot in middle of cell and discoidal lunule,

with white spot before the former and rather quadrate spot

between them ; postmedial line dark, with white band on

outer edge expanding into a triangular patch towards costa

during the Orutse of the ‘Valhalla,’ 479

and small round spot below vein 2, incurved from costa to

vein 5, excurved to vein 2, then retracted towards lower

angle of cell and again excurved ; cilia whitish, with a dark

line through them. Hind wing with oblique blackish

discoidal bar; a dark postmedial line, with white band on its

outer edge, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then re-

tracted towards angle of cell and slightly angled outwards at

vein 1; cilia whitish, with a dark line through them; the

underside whitish, with the terminal area fuscous, the

discoidal lunule and postmedial line strong.

Mayotta, 1 ? type. Hap. 24 mm.

Glyphodes indica, Saund. Trans. Ent. Soc.. 1851, p. 163,

ple xuetigs: oO, 6; 7,

Mayotta, 1 ¢.

Glyphodes picticaudalis, sp. n. }

3d. Head, tegulee, and base of patagia yellowish suffused

with metallic bronze ; thorax white; palpi blackish, white at

base; pectus and legs white, the fore tibiz blackish at

extremity ; abdomen silvery white, with slight yellowish

segmental dorsal lines, the extremity tinged with yellow, with

fuscous and golden bands on penultimate segment and anal

tuft. Fore wing white, the costal area and base of cell golden

bronze, with raised scales ; a small round bronze spot in

middle of cell and elliptical discoidal patch from costal area

to below cell with some silvery scales on it; an obsolescent

brownish subterminal line with small black spots on it above

veins 5 and 1. Hind wing white, with elliptical bronze

discoidal patch extending to below cell; a brownish sub-

terminal line, slightly sinuous and not reaching costa or inner

margin.

@. Abdomen without the fuscous and golden bands at

extremity.

Br. E. Arrica, Unyoro, Singema (Betton), 1 ¢ type ;

Uaanpa, Kisingo (Christy), 1 g; Comoro Is., Mayotta

(Meade-Waldo),1 9. Hap. 28-32 mm.

Glyphodes-mayottalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax rufous mixed with black; palpi white at

base, then rufous with black bands ; sides of trons, back of

head, and tegule with white streaks; patagia with broad

white upper edge; abdomen rufous, suffused with fuscous at

middle and with slight white segmental lines and dorsal

480 Sir G. F. Hampson on the Moths collected

streak ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white.

Fore wing rufous, with some black suffusion at base; a white

streak on base of inner margin to the obliquely curved white

antemedial line arising from below costa ; an oblique wedge-

shaped nacreous patch defined by black and with excised

upper edge from subcostal nervure at middle of cell to sub-

median fold; a slight discoidal lunule with greyish centre

and black patch below it, with grey scales on it; a white

streak on medial part of inner margin; a large lunulate

nacreous patch defined by black beyond the cell from below

costa to vein 2; postmedial line greyish, defined on each side

by black, expanding into a white wedzc-shaped spot below

costa, then slightly curved; a diffused black bar before middle

of termen, which is grey; a fine black terminal line ; cilia

rufous. Hind wing hyaline white, with broad rufous terminal

band with black line on its inner edge; a diffused black bar

before middle of termen; a fine black terminal line ; cilia

rufous. |

Mayotta, 1 6,2 9. Exp. 30 mm.

Agathodes chrysalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax olive-grey ; palpi white at base and tips;

sides of frons, tegule, upper edge and tips of patagia streaked

with white; pectus and legs white; abd»men white, with

dorsal patches of rufous on basal segments, the extremity

tinged with olive in male and with rufous in female, the

ventral surface white, the penultimate segment rufous. Fore

wing pale olive; a white fascia on costa to beyond middle ;

a semicircular golden-fulvous patch with white edges on

apical part of cesta; the terminal area golden fulvous from

vein 5 to inner margin; an indistinct very oblique line

defined by white on inner side from costa before middle to

submedian fold, then an inwardly oblique white line to inner

margin ; a narrow whitish discoidal lunule defined at sides

by black, with white bar before it and orange spot defined by

diffused black beyond it; a very oblique white band with

diffused black on its inner side from below angle of cell to

inner margin; cilia red, with fine white line at base trom

apex to vein 4, then yellow. Hind wing semihyaline golden

yellow. Underside of fore wing golden yellow.

Mauritius, Curepipe (Lulloch), 1 9; Comoro Is., Mayotta

(Meade-Waldo),1 3,2 9 type. ap. 40 mm.

Hyalobathra argentifilals, sp. n.

¢. Orange-yellow ; palpi with crimson spots on first and

during the Cruise of the ‘Valhalla.’ A81

second joints, at tipsof hair on second joint, and on maxillary

palpi ; frons above, tegule, shoulders, base of patagia, meso-

and metathorax with crimson spots; pectus and legs white,

the fore femora and tibiew yellow in front, the tarsus with

black bands at base and near tips; abdomen with crimson

subdorsal spots, the extremity tinged with crimson and w th

white line on penultimate segment, the ventral surface white.

Fore wing with subbasal crimson points on costa and inner

margin; a slightly sinuous crimson antemedial line; a slight

silvery discoidal lunule edged with rather diffused crimson ;

postmedial line fine, crimson, sinuous, excurved from costa to

vein 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell and again some-

what excurved; a crimson subterminal band with silvery

line on it and minutely waved edges, angled inwards at

discal and submedian folds; a fine crimson terminal line ;

cilia yellow at base, with crimson medial line and white tips.

Hind wing with fine crimson postmedial line, oblique from

below costa to vein 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell

and oblique to inner margin; a crimson terminal band with

minutely waved silver line on it, its inner edge curved

inwards below apex and at submedian fold; cilia yellow at

base, with crimson medial line and white tips.

Mayotta, 1 g type. zp. 20 mm.

Pachyzancla bipunctalis, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ili. (2) p. 227

(1798).

Mayotta, 1 9.

Pionea holoxuthalis, sp. n. (vide Aldabra).

Mayotta, 1 ¢.

Pyrausta incoloralis, Guen. Delt. & Pyr. p. 333 (1854).

Mayotta,1 g,2 ?.

ALDABRA Is., ASSUMPTION, AND GLORIOSA.

Arctiade.

AROCTIANE.

Utetheisa lactea, But]. Rep. Zool. Coll. ‘ Alert,’ p. 577 (1884).

Subsp. 1.—Differs from the typical form from the Far-

quhar Is. in having the scarlet spots of fore wing strongly

developed, the black spots more or less obsolete.

Gloriosa, 2 ¢, 2 2; Assumption, 1 ¢.

482 Sir G. F. Hampson on the Moths collected

Subsp. 2.—Differs from the typical form in having both

the black and scarlet spots of fore wing well developed.

Aldabra, 2 9.

Noctuid2.

AGROTINE.

Chloridea assulta, Guen. Noct. ii. p. 178 (1852).

Assumption, 1 ¢,1 9.

Euxoa microtica, sp. n.

go. Head and thorax red-brown mixed with grey-white ;

palpi with patches of black on first and second joints; frons

with lateral black patches; tegule black-brown at base;

pectus mostly white ; tarsi black ringed with white ; abdo-

men white dorsally, tinged with ochreous, ventrally slightly

irrorated with brown. Fore wing red-brown, largely suffused

with white, the veins with black streaks; subbasal line

represented by a black striga from costa and a small quadrate

spot below the cell, with pale rufous patch beyond it and

another above inner margin before the antemedial line, which

is angled outwards below costa and in cell, excurved in sub-

median interspace, then almost obsolete; claviform moderate,

fuscous defined by black ; orbicular and reniform with fuscous

centres and pale annuli defined by black, the former small,

round; a curved medial shade; postmedial line indistinct,

bent outwards below costa, then dentate and produced to

black points on the veins, incurved at discal fold and oblique

below vein 4, some black points beyond it on costa; sub-

terminal line indistinct, pale, defined on inner side by small

dentate red-brown marks, angled outwards at vein 7 and

dentate at veins 4, 3, 2; a fine black terminal line; cilia pale

rufous. Hind wing white, the veins..and a terminal line

brown ; cilia ochreous, white at tips.

Assumption, 1 g. zp. 26 mm.

Allied to #. segetum.

ACONTIANZ.

Acontia malve, Esp. Schmett. iv. (2) p. 63, pl. exev. fig. 4

(1788).

Gloriosa, 1 ?.

CATOCLINA.

Ophiusa algira, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 836 (1766).

Gloriosa, 3 3,3 2.

during the Cruise of the ‘Valhalla.’ 483

Grammodes delta, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Mad., Lép. p. 109,

plexi he? 1" (18353):

Aldabra, 1 ¢.

Chalcope hyppasia, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii. pl. ecl. E (1779).

Gloriosa, 1 ¢.

EHVRASTRIAN #.

Tarache rachiastis, sp. n.

Frons with corneous ridge across the middle and large plate

below it.

3. Head and thorax creamy white; palpi at tips and sides

of trons tinged with brown; antenne fuscous ; tibia and tarsi

banded with brown; abdomen creamy white, with pale

brown dorsal bands. Fore wing creamy white; subbasal

line represented by a slight ochreous striga from costa ; ante-

medial line ochreous, slightly curved, arising from a small

brown spot on costa; medial line with slight brown spot on

costa and ochreous line from it to a red-brown band from

lower angle of cell to inner margin; postmedial line repre-

sented by a small brown spot on costa, then excurved and

with brown spot on its inner side at vein 5, then bent inwards

to lower angle of cell, represented by a whitish line with

blackish scales on its inner edge, angled outwards at vein 1,

followed by a diffused grey and red-brown band from apex

to inner margin, leaving some cream-colour on termen; some

black-brown points on termen at apex, middle, and above

tornus; cilia with some grey and brown at apex, middle, and

tornus. Hind wing ochreous white, with some diffused

brown on terminal area from apex to vein 2 and towards

tornus.

9. Thorax and fore wing yellower, the latter with the

markings more distinct and more olive in colour on the

ellow area.

Aldabra, 1 6,1 2 type. Hwp. 20 mm.

Sphingide.

Cherocampa celerio, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 491 (1758).

Gloriosa, 1 ¢.

Cherocampa aurora, Roths. Nov. Zool. ix., Suppl. p. 812

(1903).

Gloriosa, 4 g,1 9.

A84 Sir. G. F. Hampson on the Moths collected

Cephonodes hylas, Linn. Mant. p. 539 (1771).

Gloriosa, 2 ?.

Pyralide.

PYRravstTiIna.

Zinckenia fascialis, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv. pl. ecexcviii. fig. O

(1783).

Gloriosa, Lag, hb. 2”.

Pionea holoauthals, sp. n.

9. Orange-yellow; palpi fulvous yellow, white at base;

pectus and legs white, the fore and mid tibize yellow, the fore

tibize with slight black band at extremity, the second and

third joints of tarsi brown. Fore wing with faint minutely

waved postmedial reddish line, oblique from costa to vein 5,

excurved to vein 3, then bent inwards; traces of a curved

reddish subterminal line ; cilia with faint reddish medial line

and whitish tips; the lines sometimes quite obsolete. Hind

wing rather paler yellow; the cilia with faint reddish medial

line and whitish’ tips.

Comoro Is., Mayotta, 1 29; GuLortosa, 3 ¢ type. Hep.

20 mm.

SEYCHELLES Is.

Arctiade.

A RCTIAVA.

Utethersa elata, Fabr. Wnt. Syst. p. 440 (1798).

Var. diva, Mab.—A very black form; hind wing with the

white reduced to a patch in and below end of cell.

Mahé, 2 2. |

Noctuidz.

ACRONYCTINZA.

Spodoptera abyssinia, Guen. Noct. i. p. 154 (1852).

Mahé, Pe Shi

C4TOCALINA.

Chalciope hyppasia, Cram. Pap. Exot. ili. pl. eel. E (1779).

Mahé, 3 g,1 9; Felicité, 2 $; The Cerf, 1 3,29,

during the Cruise of the ‘Valhalla.’ 485

Remigia repanda, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii. (2) p. 49 (1792).

Mahé, 1 ¢; Felicité, 1 ?.

femigia undata, Fabr. Syst. Ent. vi. p. 601 (1775).

Mahé, 5 g,2 2; Felicité,3 g,1 2.

PLustava.

Plusta chalcytes, Esp. Schmett. pl. exli. fig. 3 (1789).

Mahé, 1 ¢,1 9.

Nocrvrn#.

Cosmophila erosa, Hiibn. Zutr. Samml. exot. Schmett. ii.

(19) figs. 287, 288 (1827).

Mahé, 1 ¢.

Hyprnin 2.

Hypena conscitalis, Wlk. xxxiv. 1509 (1865).

The Cerf, 1 ¢.

HYBLAINA.

Hyblea puera, Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. cil. D, E (1779).

Mahé, 1 2.

Hypside.

Deilemera seychellensis, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax black; palpi with the first two joints

orange ; sides of frons and a bar above it, spots behind an-

tenne, edges of tegule and patagia, sides of thorax and

patches on pectus grey-white; legs grey, streaked with

black ; abdomen grey, with dorsal and lateral series of small

black spots, the anal tuft orange, the ventral surface whitish.

Fore wing pale brown, the basal half with slight whitish

streaks on the veins, two in cell, two in submedian interspace,

and one on inner margin; an oblique white band from costa

beyond middle to termen at submedian fold, its inner edge

rather irregular, its outer waved, the veins of terminal half

dark ; the interspaces at apex sometimes whitish; cilia

whitish towards apex. Hind wing white, with broad pale

brown terminal band, with curved waved inner edge, and the

veins on it dark.

Mahé, 3 ¢. Hap. 50 mm.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 32

486 Sir G. F. Hampson on the Moths collected

Argina astrea, Drury, Ill. Exot. Ins. 11. p. 11, pl. vi. fig. 3

(170).

Mahe, 45.331 723

Sphingida.

Acherontia atropos, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 490 (1758).

Mahé, 2 ¢.

Daphnis nerti, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 490 (1758).

Mahé, 1 ¢.

Cherocampa osirts, Dalm, Anal. Ent. p. 48 (18238).

Mahé, 1 471 °98..

Cephonodes hylas, Linn. Mant. p. 539 (1771).

Mahé, 4 os

Pyralide.

CRAMBINZ.

Culladia admigratella, Wik. xxvil. 192 ea

Praslin, 1 ¢.

PYRALINE.

Pyrat farinalis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 226 (1758).

Prasiin, bt yo

| fT¥yDROCAMPINZ.

Bradina aureolalis, de Joan. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1899, p. 198.

Praslin, 4 g,1 ¢.

PYRAUSTINA.

Marasmia trebiusalis, Wik. xviii. 718 (1859).

The Cerf, 1 3.

Marasmia trapezalis, Guen. Delt. & Pyr. p. 200 (1854).

The Cerf, 1 ¢,

Pagyda traducalis, Zell. Lep. Caffr. p. 54 (1852).

The Cerf, 1 9.

during the Cruise of the ‘Valhalla,’ A87

Sylepta derogata, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 641 (1775).

The Cerf, 1 2.

Glyphodes sericea, Drury, Ins. ii. p. 9, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1770).

Mahé, 1 ¢. |

Glyphodes indica, Saund, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1851, p. 163,

pl. xi. figs. 5, 6, 7.

Mahé, 2 ¢.

Giyphodes sinuata, Fabr. Spec. Ins. 11. p. 267 (1781).

Mahé, 1 2.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES FROM VARIOUS LOGALITIES.

Noctuide.

CATOCALINZ.

Genus ACANTHODELTA, nov.

Proboscis fully developed; palpi obliquely upturned, the

second joint reaching vertex of head and fringed with hair in

front, the third moderate, rather porrect; frons smooth, with

tuft of hair; eyes large, round; antennz of male laminate ;

head and thorax clothed with hair only and without crests ;

all the tibie spined and smoothly scaled; pectus with long

hair; abdomen smoothly scaled and without crests. Fore

wing with the apex rectangular, the termen obliquely curved,

crenulate ; vein 3 from well before angle of cell; 5 from

above angle; 6 from upper angle; 9 from 10 anastomosing

with 8 to form the areole; 11 from cell. . Fore wing with the

costa extending well beyond tornus of fore wing, the termen

crenulate; vein 3 from before angle of cell; 5 fully deve-

loped from above angle; 6, 7 from upper angle; 8 approxi-

mated to the cell to beyond middle.

Acanthodelta distriga, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax fuscous brown with a reddish tinge ;

antennee white above; tibiz and tarsi greyish; abdomen

greyish irrorated with brown. Fore wing fuscous brown

irrorated with grey, the costal area tinged with purplish; a

black discoidal point; a diffused white fascia in submedian

fold from before to well beyond middle, with a postmedial

black point on it ; a slight white streak above vein 5 from

32*

488 Sir G. F. Hampson on the Moths collected

cell to towards termen; a terminal series of black striz.

Hind wing fuscous brown slightly irrorated with grey; the

underside greyish thickly irrorated with brown; a black

discoidal point.

CapE CoLony, summit of Table Mt., 1 ¢ type. Hap.

42 mm. |

NocrvinZ.

Genus MELAPERA, nov.

Proboscis aborted, minute; palpi with the second joint

straight, porrect, extending about the length of head, the

third upturned, very long and reaching above vertex of head,

clothed with scales ; frons smooth ; eyes large, rounded; an-

tenne of female with bristles and cilia, roughly scaled above

and with long hair on basal joint; head and thorax clothed

with rough scales and hair; tibie moderately fringed with

hair; abdomen with rough hair at base and loose crests of

long scales on first two segments. Fore wing with the apex

rounded, the termen evenly curved; veins 3 and 5 from near

angle of cell; 6 from upper angle; 9, 10 both anastomosing

with 8 to form the areole; 11 from cell. Hind wing with

veins 3, 4 from angle of cell; 5 fully developed from above

angle ; 6, 7 from upper angle; 8 anastomosing with the cell

at middle.

(Singara) hypsoides, Butl., belongs to an allied genus with

the proboscis fully developed and the palpi upturned, the

third joint tufted with hair behind.

(Arctia) bicolor, Mab., probably belongs to this latter

genus, both from Madagascar.

Nearest to Rhanidophora, Wllgrn.

Melapera roastis, sp. 0.

¢. Head and thorax orange-yellow ; palpi black, yellow

below at base; tegule with pinkish-white patches; patagia

pale pink except at base; legs with the fore tibize on inner

side, femoro-tibial joints, spurs, and tarsi black ; abdomen

orange-yellow, dorsally crimson except at base and extre-

mity. Fore wing pale pink suffused with white, the terminal

area yellow. Hind wing brighter pink, the terminal area

yellow.

MapaGascar, Forét d’Ambre, 1 2 type. Hwp. 62 mm.

during the Cruise of the ‘Valhalla,’ 489

HRASTRIANZ.

EHublemma glaucizona, sp. n.

Head and thorax pale ochreous brown, thorax suffused with

grey except in front; pectus white; legs greyish ; abdomen

pale ochreous. Fore wing pale ochreous, tinged with yellow-

brown towards the oblique medial line, the costal area dark

towards base ; a black point in middle of cell; a grey band

beyond the medial line with black-brown patch beyond lower

angle of cell, with whitish patch above it before the slight

white postmedial line, which is bent outwards below costa,

excurved to vein 4, then incurved, a red-brown band beyond

it before the indistinct greyish subterminal line, with some

black scales on its outer edge; terminal area brown suffused

with grey, the apex brown with a whitish striga below it;

cilia whitish, with fine brown lines through them. Hind

wing grey ; cilia white at tips; the underside white irrorated

with brown, a dark discoidal spot and terminal series of

black points.

Cape Cotony, Simonstown (de la Garde), 1 3, Table Mt.,

1500' (Meade-Waldo), 2 8 type. Hup. 20 mm.

Allied to £. parva.

Pyralidez.

Scu@yvoBrayvZ.

Patissa vagilinealis, sp. n.

g. White; palpi, maxillary palpi, and sides of frons black ;

fore femora, tibiz, and first joint of tarsi black, the mid femora

and tibiz tinged with black. Fore wing with the base of costa

black, conjoined to a small subbasal spot in cell ; the lines

yellow-brown irrorated with fuscous ; antemedial Jine oblique

from cell to inner margin; postmedial line straight from costa

to vein 5, then retracted to below costa above angle of cell, then

obliquely sinuous to origin of vein 2 and again sinuous to

inner margin, passing above a small black spot at lower angle

of cell; subterminal line slightly incurved below costa and

ending at vein 3, on which it forms a wedge-shaped patch ;

a terminal series of yellowish points. Hind wing with

yellow-brown markings irrorated with fuscous; some scales

on median nervure; an interrupted antemedial line from cell

to inner margin formed of two spots ; postmedial line stronger

and angled outwards at vein 4, then angled inwards to lower

angle of cell and again excurved; subterminal line angled

490 Sir G. F. Hampson on the Moths collected

inwards at veins 6 and 2, below which it ends on termen; a

terminal series of points from apex to vein 2.

Mapaaascar, Forét d’Ambre, 2 ¢ type. xp. 10-16 mm.

HyYDROCAMPINE.

Ambia heptopalis, sp. n.

3. Head brownish, the palpi and antenne fulvous ; thorax

brownish white, the tarsi ringed with fuscous; abdomen

whitish, with slight fuscous segmental bands. Fore wing

whitish, tinged with golden yellow and slightly irrorated with

fuscous, especially on costal area; two blackish antemedial

points on costa and traces of a sinuous antemedial line;

traces of a dark discoidal lunule; two curved dark subterminal

lines from costa to vein 2, with the area beyond them white ;

some black points on termen ; cilia golden yellow, with slight

dark line at middle and black points at tips. Hind wing

yellowish white, slightly irrorated with fuscous ; a tuft of

long black hair at lower angle of cell; a blackish postmedial

line oblique from costa to submedian fold, where it is angled

inwards, then excurved; a terminal orange band defined on

inner side by a brown line bent outwards to termen near

tornus, and with seven black points on termen from below

apex to submedian fold, with silver scales between them;

cilia whitish.

Brazit, Itaparica (Meade-Waldo), 1 3 type. Hap.

16 mm.

Allied to A. metalophota, Hmpsn.

PYRAUSTINZA.

Pilocrocts wanthostictalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax red-brown with a greyish tinge ; palpi

white at base; sides of frons with whitish streaks; vertex of

head whitish; pectus and legs white, the fore tibia with

brown bands at extremity ; abdomen white, dorsally suffused

with red-brown. Fore wing red-brown; a dark antemedial

line, excurved from costa to submedian fold, then incurved,

with a yellow band on its inner side from below costa to

inner margin; a black spot in middle of cell and discoidal

lunule, with quadrate white patch between them ; a dark

postmedial line, incurved from below costa to vein 5, where it

is bent outwards, at vein 2 retracted to lower angle of cell,

then recurved, with trifid dentate yellow mark on its outer

edge below costa, three minute dentate spots between veins

during the Cruise of the ‘Valhalla’ AOL

5 and 2, and a lunule below angle of cell; a fine yellowish

line at base of cilia. Hind wing yellow; a dark discoidal bar

and some brown suffusion below end of cell; postmedial line

brown, strongly bent outwards between veins 5 and 3, then

retracted to vein 5 and forming a loop, then oblique to inner

margin ; a broad brown terminal band, its inner edge bent

outwards and dentate between veins 5 and 2; cilia brown,

with yellowish line at base from apex to submedian fold, then

white, with some brown at base towards tornus.

Mapaaascar, Forét d’Ambre, L ¢ type. zp. 26 mm.

Sylepta trifidalis, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax bronze-brown ; palpi black, white

below ; pectus and legs whitish ; abdomen bronze-brown, the

anal tuft and ventral surface white. Fore wing bronze-

brown, with a slight purplish gloss; antemedial line dark,

oblique; a quadrate hyaline spot in end of cell, followed by

an indistinct dark discoidal spot, with pale bar on disco-

cellulars; postmedial line dark, with trifid yellowish-white

mark on its outer edge from costa, then slightly defined by

whitish, slightly curved from costa to vein 2, then retracted

to below angle of cell, and again slightly excurved; cilia

with a fine yellowish-white line at base, followed by a dark

line, the tips greyish. Hind wing bronze-brown with a

slight purplish tinge, the base pale; a slight dark discoidal

lunule ; postmedial line dark, slightly defined by whitish on

outer side, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to

below angle of cell and oblique to tornus; cilia with dark

line at base and whitish tips.

Br. E. Arrica, Mukuniu (Betton), 1 3 type; ADEN

(Meade-Waldo),1 2. Hap. 24 mm.

Archernis flavidalis, sp. n.

@. Orange-yellow; head paler; fore femora towards

extremity, tibiae and tarsi banded with blackish. Fore wing

with traces of brownish diffused antemedial line ; traces of

spots in end of cell and on discocellulars; a rather more

distinct postmedial line bent outwards between veins 5 and 2.

then retracted to below angle of cell, and ending in a fuscous

spot on inner margin ; traces of a maculate subterminal line.

Hind wing rather paler, without markings.

Nata, Durban, The Bluff, 1 ? type. vp. 32 mm.

492 On the Occurrence of Cordylophora in Kgypt.

Pyrausta hemapastalis, sp. n.

&. Head and thorax deep ochreous, tinged with brown ;

palpi white below ; abdomen deep ochreous ; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen whitish. Fore wing orange-

yellow; the basal area suffused with crimson; a diffused

antemedial crimson line ; an ill-defined discoidal bar ; post-

medial line forming a diffused crimson patch from costa to

vein 3, then strongly incurved and becoming confluent with

the antemedial line below cell; a diffused slightly sinuous

subterminal band, confluent with the postmedial line at

middle. Hind wing yellow; traces of a brownish postmedial

line excurved between veins 5 and 2, then obsolete ; a diffused

brown terminal band rather broad at costa, narrowing to

tornus ; cilia whitish at tips.

BRAZIL, Itaparica, 3 ¢ type. Hep. 14 mm.

Pyrausta flavibrunnealis, sp. n.

d. Head and thorax pale yellowish brown; frons with

lateral white streaks; palpi white below; fore and mid tibiz

streaked with white, the tarsi and hind legs white; abdomen

ochreous white. Fore wing narrow, the costa rather concave ;

ochreous yellow, the costal area suffused with brown and the

costal edge white beyond middle; antemedial line brown,

rather diffused, oblique from costa to submedian fold; rather

diffused brown spots in end of cell and on discocellulars

conjoined to the brown costal area; postmedial line brown,

rather diffused, excurved from costa to vein 2, then retracted

to lower angle of cell and erect to inner margin; terminal

area suffused with brown; cilia white at tips. Hind wing

ochreous yellow; traces of a diffused brownish postmedial

line on costal half; termen suffused with brown except

towards tornus; cilia white.

BRAZIL, Bahia, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 16 mm.

LXXVIII.—On the Occurrence of the Hydroid Cordylophora

in Egypt. By CHARLES L. BoULENGER, B.A.

DURING our recent expedition to the’ Fayim Province of

Kgypt, Dr. Cunnington and I found the hydroid Cordylo-

phora to occur in great abundance in the brackish waters of

Lake Qurun.

Since our return I have carefully examined the specimens

we collected and compared them with material from the

On the Sharks of the Family Cestraciontide. 493

Norfolk Broads; as the result I can unhesitatingly pronounce

them to belong to the common species C. lacustris, originally

discovered by Allman in the docks of London and Dublin.

This is the first record of the genus from Africa, In Lake

Qurun the hydroid was found in a variety of positions: on

water-weeds, on tamarisk-stumps, and on the under side of

rocks and large stones at the water’s edge; in the latter

position, shaded from the light, the colonies reached tbeir

greatest development.

The chief feature of the Cordylophora from Lake Qurun is

the great vigour of the colonies, the hydrocaulus in some

attaining the height of 8 or 9 cm.; branches of the third

order are common and as many as three or four gonophores

are frequently found below one lateral hydranth. The great

development of the colonies is no doubt due to the salinity of

the water, which, although not very high (1°34 per cent.),

evidently suits the hydroid admirably, and the Cordylophora

certainly shows no tendency to invade the freshwater canals

which enter the lake; I made a careful examination of reeds

and logs of wood at the mouth of the “‘ Wadi,” and never

found the hydroid in this situation.

Cordylophora lacustris has not been recorded from the Nile ;

its occurrence in the Birket el Qurun is therefore of great

interest, the lake being nearly 150 miles inland, and at the

present day without communication with the sea except by

means of that river.

Geological evidence, however, shows that in late Pliocene

times the depression in which Lake Qurun is situated must

have been of the nature of a large brackish fjord in communi-

cation with the Mediterranean; it seems therefore possible

that Cordylophora first established itself in the district at

that period. ‘This seems all the more probable when we

consider the present habitat of the species in broads and

estuaries.

LXXIX.—A Synopsis of the Sharks of the Family

Cestraciontide. By C. Tate Reagan, M.A.

THE Cestraciontide may be diagnosed as sharks with two

dorsal fins, each preceded by a spine, an anal fin, five gill-

openings on each side, the last two or three above the base

of the pectoral fin, oro-nasal grooves, and the pterygo-

quadrate articulated to the preorbital region of the cranium.

Two genera may be recognized.

494 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

1. GYROPLEURODUS.

Gyropleurodus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1869, p. 482.

Tropidodus, Gill, 2. ¢.

Anterior teeth cuspidate. Lateral teeth carinate, longer

but not much broader than the anterior ones; jaws rounded

anteriorly, the rami divergent from the short symphyses ;

supraorbital ridges ending abruptly a little behind the orbits.

Three species.

Synopsis of the Species.

I. Length of first gill-opening equal to its distance from the third.

Origin of first dorsal a little in advance of the posterior

end-of the base of pectoral. 0.4. ck sles Se Ll. franciset.

Origin of first dorsal far behind the base of pectoral...... 2. quoyt.

II. Length of first gill-opening not less than its distance

from ‘the fourth) 42% ss oe! W kcal 3. galeatus,

1. Gyropleurodus francisct.

Cestracion francisct, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 196; Giinth.

Cat. Fish. viii. p. 416 (1870).

Gyropleurodus francisct, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 492; Jord. &

Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896, p. 20.

Heterodontus francisct, Macleay & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8.

Wales, iii. 1878, p. 315, pl. xxvi.

Supraorbital ridges strong, nearly vertical. Origin of first

dorsal a little in advance of the posterior end of the base of _

pectoral. Small rounded blackish spots on head, body, and

fins.

Hab. California.

In the British Museum two specimens, 195 and 330 mm.

in total length.

2. Gyropleurodus quoyt.

Cestracion quoyt, Fréminy. Mag. Zool. 1840, pl. ii.; Giinth. Cat. Fish.

vill. p. 416 (1870).

Cestracion pantherinus, Valenc. Zool. ‘ Venus,’ Poiss. p. 320, pl. x.

fig. 2 (1855).

Heterodontus quoyt, Macleay & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales,

iii. 1878, p. 316.

Gyropleurodus quoy?, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896,

Pious .

Evidently closely allied to C. francisci, but with larger

spots and with the first dorsal much further back, its origin

far behind the base of the pectoral.

Hab. Galapagos Islands.

Sharks of the Family Cestraciontide. 495

3. Gyropleurodus galeatus.

Cestracion galeatus, Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 416 (1870).

Heterodontus galeatus, Macleay & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soe. N. 8.

Wales, iil. 1878, p. 318, pl. xxv.

Supraorbital ridges very strong, directed obliquely out-

wards. Origin of first dorsal above the posterior end of the

base of pectoral. Interorbital region and back in front of

dorsal fin blackish; a broad blackish bar below the eye;

back with some dark transverse bars, one at the base of each

dorsal fin most prominent.

Hab. New South Wales.

In the British Museum four specimens, 135 to 750 mm. in

total length, including the type of the species.

2. CESTRACION.

Heterodontus (non Heterodon, Palisot de Beauvois), Blainville, Nouv.

Bull. Sc. 1816, p. 121.

Cestracion, Cuv. Régne Anim. ii. p. 129 (1817).

Anterior teeth cuspidate, sometimes unicuspid in the adult ;

lateral teeth considerably enlarged, not keeled in the adult;

rami of the jaws meeting in long symphyses, so that the

anterior enlarged lateral teeth are near to those of the other

side ; supraorbital ridges gradually decreasing in height

posteriorly.

Four species.

Synopsis of the Species.

I. Supraorbital ridges moderate, ending above first gill-opening ; dorsal

fins with free edges slightly concave posteriorly; interorbital

region crossed by a single dark bar.

Back with a nearly continuous blackish longitudinal

IDRC. FOIA gad whee SU ya cee ts betas eles aias 1. phillippi.

Back with dark cross-bars, alternately broad and narrow. 2. japonicus.

II. Supraorbital ridges low, ending in advance of first gill-opening ;

dorsal fins with free edges more deeply concave posteriorly ; inter-

orbital region crossed by a pair of dark bars.

Extreme width of the pair of interorbital bars (from

the anterior edge of the first to the posterior edge

of the second) much greater than the diameter of

BVCR an wid sees Pe din Weed ein altag sm 9s s palace «set + 3. zebra.

Extreme width of the pair of interorbital bars equal to

Eae CimOtel OL CVOI aa ak cians cleat oe vere Sanat 4. amboinensis,

1. Cestracion phillippt.

Squalus philippt, Schneid. Bloch’s Syst. Ichth. p. 134 (1801).

Heterodontus plilippt, Blainv. Nouy. Bull. Se. 1816, p. 121; Duméril,

Elasmobr. p. 424 (1865); Macleay & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.

S. Wales, ii. 1878, pls. xxii.-xxiv.

496 On the Sharks of the Family Cestraciontidee.

Cestracion philipi, Cuv. Régne Anim. ii. p. 129 (1817); McCoy,

Prodr. Zool. Vict. pl. exiii. (1886).

Cestracion philippi (part.), Ginth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 415 (1870).

Supraorbital ridges rather stronger, lateral teeth a little

larger and dorsal fins a little lower than in C. japonicus.

Greyish ; a dark blotch on the snout; a blackish interorbital

bar as broad as the eye, continued and expanded below the

eye; a broad median blackish band from interorbital region

to first dorsal fin, dividing posteriorly and giving rise on each

side to a narrow vertical bar which expands on the pectoral

fin; a longitudinal stripe from this bar to the pelvic fin; a

broad median blackish band between the dorsals and from

second dorsal to caudal.

Hab. New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania; New

Zealand ?

In the British Museum four specimens, 330 to 1000 mm.

in total length.

2. Cestracion japonicus.

Cestracion phillippt (non Schneid.), Mull. & Henle, Plagiost. p. 76,

pl. xxxi. (1841) ; Schleg. Faun. Japon., Poiss. p. 304 (1850).

Heterodontus zebra (non Gray), Bleek. Verh. Bat. Gen. xxvi. 1854,

. 127,

Sea Ene phillippi, var.japonicus, Duméril, Elasmobr. p.424 (1865),

Cestracion philippr (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. vii. p. 415 (1870).

Cestracion yaponicus, Macleay & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc.N.S Wales,

vili. 1883, p. 428, pl. xx.

Heterodontus japonicus, Jord. & Fowler, Proc, U.S. Nat, Mus. xxvi.

1903, p. 599.

Very close to C. phillippi, but with the coloration quite

different. Pale yellowish or greyish ; back with dark brown

cross-bars, alternately broad and narrow ; a dark blotch on

the snout; an interorbital bar, broader than tke eye, con-

tinued below the eye.

Hab. Japan.

In the British Museum four specimens, 390 to 680 mm. in

total length.

3. Cestracion zebra.

Cestracion zebra, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 5 (1881).

Heterodontus zebra, Macleay & Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales,

x. 1885, p. 678, pl. xlv. |

Cestracion philip (part.), Ginth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 415 (1870).

Yellowish, with alternate double and single dark brown

transverse bars corresponding respectively to the broad and

narrow bars of C. japonicus. A V-shaped mark on the

snout, followed by a vertical bar on each side; a pair of

On the Hymenopterous Genera Myzine and Plesia. 497

interorbital bars, continued below the eye, the anterior edge

of the eye corresponding to the posterior part of the first bar.

flab. China.

In the British Museum three specimens, 305 to 780 mm. in

total length.

4, Cestracion amboinensis.

Heterodontus zebra (non Gray), Bleek. Act. Soc. Sc. Neerland. i.

1856, Amboyna, p. 71.

Cestracion philippi (part.), Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 415 (1870).

Cestracion amboinensis, Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xviii. 1906,

p- 436.

Dorsal fins more elevated than in any other species. Crogs-

bars narrower and separated by wider interspaces than in

C. zebra and each split into two. Anterior edge of first inter-

orbital bar corresponding to anterior edge of eye.

Hab. Amboyna.

In the British Museum one specimen, type of the species,

580 mm. in total length.

LXXX.— Additions to the Hymenopterous Genera Myzine

and Plesia. By Rowtanp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

THE genera Myzineand Plesia, though differing widely in the

female sex, are not distinguishable with any certainty in the

males, though those species in which the basal segment of

the abdomen is very long and slender or nodose towards the

apex may be referred with certainty to Plesta, and those in

which it is very short and as broad as the second, almost

sessile, are equally certainly the males of Myzine. The

genus Myzine does not occur in America, and there is little

difficulty in distinguishing the males of the Asiatic species ;

but in South Africa, where both genera occur plentifully,

some of the males cannot be assigned to either group with

any confidence. ‘The length of the basal joint of the poste-

rior tarsi is no certain guide, as Saussure, who suggests that

some use may be made of that character, recognizes.

The two genera are most strongly represented in Africa,

but the species of Ples¢a are fairly numerous in America, and

Myzine is well represented in the Mediterranean fauna and

in Western Asia. No species of either genus is recorded

from the Australian or Austro-Malayan regions; for Myzine

498 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

tenuicornis, Sm., described from Aru, isa Thynnus, coming

near the subgenus Aeolothynnus, Ashmead.

The species described in the present paper are mostly from

specimens in the British Museum collection.

Myzine diffints, sp. n.

¢@. Mandibles with a fringe of fine white pubescence on

the outer margin near the base; the clypeus truncate broadly

at the apex and sparsely punctured. Head rather small,

rounded and narrowed behind the eyes, the vertex finely

punctured, the front rugose; eyes broadly and shallowly

emarginate, ocelli rather large; front between the antennee

prominent and transverse. Antenne as long as the six

basal segments of the abdomen, much more slender than is

usual in the genus; the scape short, very little longer than

the second joint of the flagellum ; the first joint of the flagel-

lum concealed by the scape, the second a little more than

half as long as the third. ‘Thorax rather closely punctured,

the anterior margin of the pronotum transverse, with long

greyish pubescence, the posterior margin almost smooth;

the scutellum shining and sparsely punctured; propleure

finely and sparsely, mesopleure coarsely punctured. Median

segment short and transversely rugose. Abdomen shining

and very sparsely punctured, with very sparse, short, grey

pubescence; longer than the head, thorax, and median

segment combined, the spine of the hypopygium only feebly

recurved. ‘The posterior tibiz are nearly as long as the two

basal joints of the tarsi combined. ‘The neuration does not

extend quite to the outer margin of the wing; the stigma is

large, long, and straight; the radial cell broad, extending far

beyond the third cubital cell and rounded at the apex; the

second cubital cell half as long again as the third on the

radial nervure and more than half as long again as the third

on the cubital nervure; the first recurrent nervure is received

at the middle of the second cubital cell, the second at the

middle of the third. The second transverse cubital nervure

is straight, the third oblique and slightly curved outwardly;

the third cubital cell is much higher than its length on the

cubital nervure and very short on the radial nervure.

Black ; the mandibles (except at the apex), clypeus, the

apex of the interantennal prominence, the anterior margin of

the pronotum narrowly, the posterior margin broadly, a

transverse mark near the middle of the mesonotum, the

tegule, a vertical line on the mesopleure in front, a narrow

band (broadened in the middle and again more strongly on

Hymenopterous Genera Myzine and Plesia. 499

the sides) on the apical margin of the first six abdominal

segments, a small spot on each side of the epipygium at the

apical angles, the anterior tibiz and tarsi in front, and the

base of the intermediate and posterior tibize pale yellow ; the

apex of the mandibles and the legs pale dull ferruginous ;

the antenne fusco-ferruginous, paler towards the apex.

Wings hyaline, nervures black, the stigma ferruginous.

Length 7 mm. ?

Hab. St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (‘Challenger ’

Expedition).

Type in B. M.

The difference from typical Myzine in the neuration and

antenna is marked, showing some approach to ZJswara, but

the ocelli are only very slightly enlarged. In the slender

form it resembles Plesia rather than Myzine, the basal

seoment of the abdomen being somewhat longer and flatter,

with a longer petiole than in typical Myzine.

Myzine (Pseudomeria) perornata, sp. n.

2. Mandibles smooth and shining, with a shallow groove

near the inner margin and a very feeble tooth on the inner

margin near the apex, the outer margin fringed with sparse

ferruginous hairs. Clypeus transverse and extremely short;

head smooth and shining, quadrilateral, nearly half as broad

again as long, the front produced over the base of the an-

tenn, forming a broad feebly bilobed prominence. Antenne

smooth, the scape alone with a few fulvous hairs beneath,

shining and impunctate; the first joint of the flagellum

narrowed at the base, the second joint fully half as long again

as the first. Eyes oblique ; the posterior ocelli very small,

placed nearer to each other than to the posterior margin of

the head. ‘Thorax and propleurze smooth and shining; the

pronotum nearly as long as broad, rounded at the anterior

angles, with a few setigerous punctures along the lateral

margins; mesonotum with two longitudinal sulci on each

side, very short, not more than one-third of the length of the

pronotum ; the scutellum as long as the mesonotum; meso-

pleure sparsely punctured. Median segment shining at the

base, with a median longitudinal sulcus finely crenulate at

the posterior angles, longer than the mesonotum, truncate

posteriorly and transversely striated on the surface of the

truncation; the sides of the segment concave and finely

obliquely striated. Abdomen shining, very sparsely punc-

tured; the petiole of the basal segment a little longer than

broad, the apical segment almost impunctate, with a very

500 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

short longitudinal sulcus before the narrowly rounded apex.

The wings when folded only reach to the apex of the second

abdominal segment and the stigma is situated halfway

between the base and the apex.

Head and thorax ferruginous red; the antenne, pro-

sternum, and anterior legs fusco-ferruginous ; median segment,

mesopleuree, mesosternum, third, fourth, and fifth dorsal

segments of the abdomen, and the intermediate and posterior

legs black ; the two apical joints of the tarsi and the base of

the second and third joints testaceous ; the first and second

abdominal segments bright ferruginous, the ventral segments

darker, the sixth dorsal segment black at the base, dark

ferruginous at the apex; a spot on each side of segments

2-5 yellowish white. Wings pale fusco-hyaline; nervures

fuscous.

Length 9 mm.

Hab. Piet Retief, Transvaal (2. Crawshay) ; November.

Type in B. M.

The wings are rather longer than in Pseudomeria greca

and the stigma further from the base, owing to the greater

length of the basal cells. The pronotum is also longer than

in P. greca. The wings are less deeply bilobed, so that

the species shows a transition between Pseudomerta and

Hemimeria.

Myzine (Hemimeria) sublevis, sp. n.

?. Mandibles acute at the apex, with a groove on the

inner margin not reaching the apex, the outer margin with a

fringe of fulvous hairs. Clypeus transverse; the head

smooth and shining, the front round the base of the antenna

strongly punctured and sparsely clothed with long fulvous

hairs, three large setigerous punctures close to the summit of

each eye. Posterior ocelli a little further from eyen other

than from the eyes or from the posterior mere of the head.

Pronotum narrower than the head, biuoadened posteriorly,

sparsely punctured anteriorly, with a long rey hair springing

from each puncture, the posterior margin gmooth. Meso-

notum, scutellum, and median segment smooth and shining ;

a transverse row of large setigerous punctures ait the base of

the scutellum ; the pleure rather finely punctur sd, with long

and thin cinereous pubescence on the mesopleutys, Median

segment with very short, fine, oblique strize along) the lateral

margins, obliquely sloped posteriorly, the sides of tlhe segment

at the base concave, smooth, and shining. ‘Abdomen

shining; the segments with a feeble but broadly arched

‘

Hymenopterous Genera Myzine and Plesia. 501

depression at the apex, sparsely punctured before the depres-

sion, the basal third of segments 2-4 smooth and divided by

a transverse line from the apical portion of the segment, the

petiole of the basal segment a little longer than broad, the

apical segment elongate and pointed, smooth and shining.

Wings rather short, of about the same length as the abdomen,

the stigma situated nearer to the base of the wing than to the

apex, the cubital nervure produced a little beyond the apex

of the cell and joined at its extremity by a strong scar ex-

tending to the margin of the wing.

Black ; the mandibles and pronotum bright ferruginous ;

the apex of the fourth abdominal segment and the whole of

the fifth and sixth testaceous red; the tarsi, the anterior

tibie, aud the teguale ferruginous; the spines of the tibice

whitish; the antenne fusco-ferruginous. Wings hyaliue,

nervures pale ferruginous.

Length 8 mm.

Hab. Delagoa Bay.

Type in B.M.

This is a small and rather slender sp2cies, and the wings,

though rather short, are quite sufficient for flight.

Myzine rufifrons, Fab.

Myzine (Meira) violaceipennis, Cam. Rec. Albany Museum, i. 5, p. 301,

is undoubtedly a synonym.

Myzine dimidiaticornis, Bingh.

Myzine dimidiaticornis, Bingh, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxv. p. 423

(1896), 3.

This is a Myzine, and not a Plesia, but is distinguished

from other males of the genus by the very long pronotum.

Myzine binghami, sp. n.

?. Head rectangular, about half as broad again as long,

smooth and shining, with a few scattered punctures on the

vertex and above the base of the antennz; the clypeus trans-

verse and depressed ; the antenne smooth and shining, the

scape beneath with long golden hairs; a sulcus between the

antennze reaching more than halfway to the anterior ocellus.

Pronotum rather narrower than the head, slightly narrowed

anteriorly and a little broader than long, nearly as long as

the scutellum and median segment combined; the whole

thorax shining, with very large and sparse punctures, those

on the pronotum setigerous ; the propleure shining and very

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. 1. 33

F502 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

sparsely punctured, mesopleure very coarsely punctured.

Median segment broader than long, steeply sloped posteriorly

but not abruptly truncate, finely rugose in the middle, with a

short, double, longitudinal carina from the base, the sides

obscurely obliquely striated ; the metapleure shining, with

obscure oblique striz. Abdomen shining, finely and not very

closely punctured, the apical segment long and large and

almost entirely smooth, the petiole of the basal segment as

broad as long. The stigma is a little nearer to the base than

to the apex of the wing, the second cubital cell is very small,

the height being very much less than the length of the

petiole, it is very much contracted, the height being equal

to twice the length of the cubital nervure; the first recurrent

nervure is received beyond the middle, the second recurrent

nervure is slightly curved outwardly in the middle.

Black; the antennse, mandibles, and intermediate tibiz

and tarsi dark fusco-ferruginous ; the anterior tibiee and tarsi

fusco-ferruginous ; the spines of the tibia white, those of the

tarsi fulvous; the two apical segments of the abdomen

ferruginous red; a large creamy-white spot on each side near

the apical angles of the second and third segments. Wings

fusco-hyaline, nervures fuscous, the stigma black.

Length 10, exp. 14 mm.

Tab, Maulmain, 'Tenasserim (Bingham); August.

‘This is a true Myzine, and is the most eastern record for

the genus.

Plesia (Mesa) disjuncta, sp. n.

3. Clypeus rather large, broadly rounded at the apex,

with a median carina from the base almost reaching the apex,

opaque and minutely punctured, densely clothed with rather

long silver-white pubescence. Front rugose, strongly pro-

duced between the antenne and truncate at the apex, the

vertex rather coarsely punctured. Antennze inserted much

further from each other than from the eyes, the scape about

equal in length to the second joint of the flagellum, closely

and finely punctured and subglobular, the first joint of the

flagellum very short and almost concealed in the apex of the

scape, the third more than half as long again as the second.

Pronotum finely and not very closely punctured, very broadly

emarginate anteriorly, the lateral angles very strongly pro-

duced ; mesonotum and scutellum rather sparsely punctured,

the mesonotum with a strong oblique depression on each side,

meeting on the posterior margin, and a faint longitudinal

sulca above the tegule ; propleure finely and closely punc-

tured, mesopleure coarsely rugose. Median segment rugose ;

Hymenopterous Genera Myzine and Plesia. 503

the sides closely punctured, striated at the base, the groove

for the posterior femora shining and very strongly trans-

versely striated, Abdomen minutely and closely punctured,

with short, thin, white pubescence; the punctures on the apex

of the sixth and the whole of the seventh segment large and

very sparse; the apical two-thirds of the slender basal

segment nodose, the narrow basal third with a longitudinal

median sulcus. The second cubital cell is slightly longer

than the third on the radial nervure, the first recurrent nervure

is received at three-fifths from the base of the second cubital

cell, the second (which is slightly curved outwardly in the

middle) at one-third from the base of the third cubital cell.

Black ; the pubescence white, cinereous on the front; the

palpi, the mandibles (except at the apex), the anterior and

intermediate tibiew, tarsi, and femora light ferruginous; the

spines of the posterior tibize and the tegule testaceous; abdo-

minal segments 2—5 with strong blue tints. Wings hyaline,

the apical third of the anterior pair flushed with purple;

nervures black.

Length 18, length of wing 12 mm.

Hab, Sterkfontein, Transvaal (H. P. Thomasset).

Type in B. M.

Probably the male of P. diapherogamia, Sauss.

Specimens from Natal differ in having the apical half of

the anterior wings and the apex of the posterior wings strongly

fusco-hyaline, flushed with purple, and the blue tints on the

abdomen are less developed. ‘This may prove to be the male

of P. ruficeps, Sm., of which P. diapherogamia is scarcely

more than a local colour-variety.

Plesia (Mesa) adelogamia, sp. n.

9. Clypeus broadly rounded at the apex, deeply and

closely punctured at the apex, shallowly and very sparsely at

the base, with a carina from the base to the apex. Mandibles

shining, with a sparse fringe of long dark fulvous hairs on

the lower margin. Scape shining, with a few scattered

punctures and a few long fuscous hairs beneath, the first joint

of the flagellum shining, the rest opaque. Front closely and

very coarsely punctured, without a median sulcus, the

tubercles at the base of the antenne smooth and shining ; the

ertex and the space round the ocelli rather sparsely punc-

ired. Pronotum coarsely but not very closely punctured ;

1esonotum smooth anteriorly, very sparsely punctured on

he posterior two-thirds, with two longitudinal sulci on each

ide; scutellum sparsely punctured, the postscutellum

33*

504. Mr. R. E. Turner on the

shining in the middle, with a few minute punctures, opaque

at the sides. Propleure sparsely punctured, obliquely

striated near the lower posterior angle ; mesopleuree coarsely

punctured. Median segment finely and shallowly punctured,

rugulose, with a shining and shallow sulcus from the base

not reaching the apex, rather abruptly truncate posteriorly, —

the face of the truncation very finely rugose ; the sides of the

segment finely obliquely striated. Abdomen shining, finely

and rather closely punctured, most finely at the base of the

segments; the second and third segments marked with a

slightly raised transverse line at about one-third from the

base; the epipygium finely longitudinally striated and

broadly rounded at the apex. Radial cell narrowly rounded

at the apex, the second cubital cell about two-thirds of the

length of the third on the radial nervure ; the first recurrent

nervure is received close to the middle of the second cubital

cell, the second just beyond the middle of the third cubital

cell. ‘he third transverse cubital nervure is oblique and

broadly curved outwardly.

Black ; the mandibles (except at the apex), the extreme

apex of the clypeus, the posterior margin of the head

broadly (reaching to the posterior ocelli), and the pronotum

ferruginous red ; the tegule and the spines of the tarsi and

tibiae testaceous, the latter very pale; the extreme apex of

the pygidium fusco-ferruginous. Wings fuscous, the poste-

rior wings paler, the anterior slightly shot with purple ;

nervures black. Pubescence white, black on the head and

thorax above.

Length 14, length of wing 9 mm.

Hab. Maseru, Basutoland (£0. Crawshay).

Type in B. M.

Described from four specimens.

Plesia (Mesa) hova, sp. n.

¢. Mandibles acute at the apex, shining, and with a fringe

of long fulvous hairs on the lower margin. Clypeus broadly

rounded at the apex, closely punctured, the apical margin

shining and smooth. Front closely and coarsely, vertex

sparsely and shallowly punctured, the space round the ocelli

smooth and shining; the scape of the antennze is smooth and

shining above, finely punctured beneath, with a few dark

fulvous hairs; the flagellum is opaque, with the first joint —

shining. Pronotum coarsely and closely punctured, the

anterior truncation smooth and shining, the propleure sparsely,

the mesopleure very coarsely and closely punctured. Meso-

Hymenopterous Genera Myzine and Plesia. 505

notum smooth anteriorly, punctured rugose posteriorly, the

lateral sulci ill-defined ; the scutellum sparsely punctured,

smooth and shining in the middle at the base. Median

segment minutely punctured at the base, more strongly at the

apex, the posterior truncation slightly concave, shining, and

almost smooth ; a narrow and shallow sulcus, bordered on

each side by a low carina, from the base of the segment to

the base of the truncation, the sides of the segment obliquely

striated. Abdomen shallowly and not very closely punctured ;

the petiole of the basal segment scarcely longer than broad,

the epipygium closely and finely longitudinally striated and

broadly rounded at the apex. The radial cell is narrowly

rounded at the apex, the second cubital cell is a little more

than half as long as the third on the radial nervure ; the first

recurrent nervure Is received close to the middle of the second

cubital cell, the second at one-quarter from the apex of the

third cubital cell. :

Black; the head rufo-ferruginous, the flagellum fusco-

ferruginous, the apex of the mandibles black. The spines of

the tibize and tarsi white, some of those on the tarsi testa-

ceuus, the tegulz testaceous at the apex. Wings fuscous,

flushed with blue, subhyaline at the base ; nervures black.

Length 12-14, length of wing 8-9 mm.

Hab. 'Tamatave, Madagascar.

This will almost certainly prove to be the female of

P. nodosa, Guér. Allied to P. atopogamia, Sauss.

Type in B. M. (ex coll, Turner).

A specimen from Betsileo, Madagascar, has the pronotum,

the middle of the mesonotum, the apex of the scutellum, and

the tarsi red, and the wings dark fulvo-hyaline. ‘This appears

to be a colour-variety only, but may possibly prove to be

distinct.

Plesia (Mesa) erythropoda, sp. n.

9. Clypeus slightly convex towards the middle and sub-

carinate, shining, very finely punctured. Mandibles acute at

the apex, with a fringe of fulvous hairs on the lower margin.

Head shining, rather sparsely punctured ; the front between

the antenne bilobed, divided by a deep longitudinal sulcus

which is shallowly continued halfway to the anterior ocellus,

the space round the ocelli almost smooth. Scape shining,

with a few long fulvous hairs beneath, smooth above ; the

second joint of the flagellam nearly half as long again as the

first and much stouter. Pronotum shorter than the median

segment, rather closely punctured, some of the punctures

confluent longitudinally but not very deep, the pubescence

506 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

rather long but sparse ; the lateral lobes of the mesonotum

sparsely punctured, the middle shining, with two or three

scattered punctures ; a deep sulcus on each side, slightly

convergent posteriorly; the anterior margin smooth and

shining. Scutellum and postscutellum smooth and shining,

with a few small and scattered punctures; the propleurz

obscurely striated at the base, almost smooth at the apex, the

mesopleuree closely punctured. Median segment opaque,

very finely punctured, rugulose, with a narrow sulcus, bordered

by a low carina on each side, from the base, gradually be-

coming narrower and shallower to the base of the oblique

posterior slope. Abdomen shining, rather sparsely pune-

tured, very slightly narrowed at the base; the petiole of the

basal segment as broad as long, the apical segment finely and

closely longitudinally striated. The sides of the median

segment are closely obliquely striated.

Black ; the mandibles, palpi, and legs (except the coxe)

bright ferruginous; the tegulze testaceous, the antenne

fuscous beneath. Wings hyaline, nervures ferruginous.

The extreme apex of the epipygium rufo-testaceous. The

radial cell is rounded at the apex; the second cubital cell is

about two-thirds of the length of the third on the ra lial

nervure ; the first recurrent nervure is received at the middle

of the second cubital cell, the second just beyond the middle

of the third. The pubescence on the whole insect is very

sparse and greyish,

Length 11-12, length of wing 7 mm.

Hab, Lake Ngami,

Type in B. M.

Described from two specimens.

Plesia (Mesa) capensis, Lepel.

Liplua capensis, Lepel. Hist, nat. Ins. Hym. iii. p, 554. n.1, pl. xxxy

fig. 1 (1845), 2. é

The figure showing the neuration of the wing proves tha

this is not a Lphia. I cannot identify it as having beer

subsequently described, though it must come very neal

P. hottentota, Sauss.

Plesia (Mesa) innotata, sp. »- ~~

@. Clypeus short and begsog id sae base, th

apical margin slightly deptono. stiff, olde 7) 1€ apex o

the labrum with a fringe of litha van so i hairs. Man.

dibles smooth and shining, Wioi,, uf a rse fringe of Joy

golden hairs on the outer mar? *° ~~ “*¢ SHongly punctured

EHymenopterous Genera Myzine and Plesia. 507

closely on the front, where some of the punctures are longi-

tudinally confluent, more sparsely on the vertex, the front

between the antennae deeply emarginate, with a narrow

longitudinal suleus nearly reaching the anterior ocellus.

Scape shining, finely and rather closely punctured, smooth at

the apex. Pronotum shorter than the median segment,

deeply and closely punctured, almost reticulate ; mesonotum

very sparsely punctured, with two longitudinal sulci on each

side ; the scutellum rather more closely punctured, the post-

scutellum very finely and closely punctured; propleure

closely punctured, obscurely obliquely striated posteriorly ;

mesopleure coarsely punctured. Median segment finely

punctured, rugose, with a rather broad sulcus from the base

bordered by low carinex, obliquely sloped posteriorly. Abdo-

men shining, sparsely punctured, more closely on the fourth

and fifth segments, the apical segment strongly longitudinally

striated. ‘The sides of the median segments closely obliquely

striated. The first recurrent nervure is received at the middle

of the second cubital cell, the second at two-thirds from the

Lase of the third cubital cell; the second cubital cell 1s. pro-

duced on the cubital nervure towards the base and narrowly

truncate at the extremity; the third cubital cell is half as

Jong again as the second on the radial nervure; the third

transverse cubital mervure is oblique, slightly curved out-

wardly near the cubital nervure; the radial cell is narrowly

separated from the costa and narrowly rounded at the apex.

Black ; the pubescence very sparse and white, thicker on

the legs, which are punctured, the spines of the legs wiite ;

the lateral margins of the abdominal segments very narrowly

testaceous. Wings hyaline, nervures black.

Length 13: mm.

Hab, Kast Loangwa district, N.E. Rhodesia, 2400 feet

(S. A. Neave) ; February.

‘ype in Oxtord University Museum.

Nearest to P. hottentota, Sauss., and P. capensis, Lep., but

differs from the former in neuration and the colour of the

antenne, from the latter (which is very poorly described) in

the colour of the wings and pubescence.

Plesia (Mesa) madraspatana, Sm.

Myzine madraspatana, Sm. Cat. Hym. B. M. iii. p. 72. n, 11 (1855), 9.

Myzxine violacepennis, Cam. Mem. Manchester Phil, Soe. xlii, xi. p. 21

(1898), 2.

If there are two species as Cameron states, he has identified

them wrongly ; the characters he gives for madraspatana,

508 Mr, R. E. Turner on the

Sm., do not exist in the type. Cameron’s description is

applicable to typical madraspatana, except that the type has

the clypeus carinated. J have seen a specimen from Poona,

This species will probably prove to be the female of Myzine

dimidiata, Guér.

Plesia (Mesa) dimidiata, Guér.

Myzine dimidiata, Guér. Dict. pitt. hist. nat. v. p. 584. n. 17, one

Methoca orientalis, Sm, Cat. Hym. B. M, iii. p. 66. n. 3 (1855), 5 (nec

Smith, 1875).

Smith’s type is not marked in the B.M., but his description

agrees well with Guérin’s species ; and in describing Methoca

orientalis in 1875, he states that it is the first species of the

genus recorded from India. He has made a similar mistake

in describing Methoca mandibularis (1869, Trans. Ent. Soc.

London), which is also a Plesta.

Plesia (Mesa) purpuretpennis, sp. n._

°. Clypeus deeply but sparsely punctured, with an indis-

tinct carina from the base, broadly subtruncate at the apex,

the apical margin smooth and shining. Mandibles with a

sparse fringe of fulvous hairs on the outer margin ; scape

shining and sparsely punctured, smooth at the apex, with a

few long fulvous hairs beneath; the flagellum opaque, the

first joint shining and sparsely punctured. Front coarsely,

vertex sparsely and rather more finely punctured, a large

space round the anterior ocellus smooth and shining. Pro-

notum and scutellum very coarsely punctured rugose ; meso-

notum sparsely punctured, with two sulci on each side, the

inner sulcee broad and converging towards the posterior

margin. Median segment very finely rugulose, with a broad

transversely striated sulcus from the base to the apex, the

sides of the sulcus raised and forming caring, the posterior

truncation of the segment shining, sparsely and shallowly

marked with large junctures, the sides of the segment

obliquely striated. Propleure rugose striated posteriorly,

mesopleuree exceedingly coarsely punctured. Abdomen

shining, rather sparsely punctured, most strongly on the

basal segment, very sparsely on the second ; the epipygium

finely and closely longitudinally stiiated, rounded at the apex,

the hypopygium narrowly truncate at the apex. The second

cubital cell is very little shorter than the third on the radial

uervure, the first recurrent nervure is received close to the

middle of the second cubital cell, the second at two-thirds

from the base of the third cubital cell,

TTymenopterous Genera Myzine and Plesia. 509

Black ; the extreme apex of the pygidium testaceous; the

pubescence greyish, pale fulvous on the sides of the abdomen;

the spines of the tibiee and tarsi pale ferruginous. Wings

dark fuscous, glossed with purple; nervures black.

Length 16-18 mm.

Fab. Entrance Island, China (J. J. Walker).

Type in B. M. Described from two specimens.

This seems to be the Chinese form of P. madraspatana,

Sm., from which it differs by the entirely black colour of the

abdomen. The second cubital cell is also rather longer on

the radial nervure.

Plesia (Mesa) mandibularis, Sm.

Methoca mandibularis, Sm. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 301 (1869), ¢.

This is probably the male of the last-described species.

It is very near dimidiata, Guér., from which it may be dis-

tinguished by the paler colour of the wings and the rather

shorter clypeus, also by the more distinct sulcus on the

median segment.

Plesia (Mesa) opacifrons, sp. n.

?. Clypeus short, very broadly truncated at the apex, the

base punctured, the apex broadly depressed transversely,

opaque and smooth. Scape smooth above, sparsely punc-

tured beneath and with a few long fulvous hairs; flagellum

opaque, the first joint smooth and shining. Front opaque,

almost smooth, with a few large scattered punctures, the

interantennal prominence strongly bilobed, divided by a

sulcus which reaches more than halfway to the anterior

ocellus ; vertex shining, finely and very sparsely punctured,

the space round the ocellismooth. ‘Thorax shining, sparsely

and rather finely punctured ; the mesonotum with two longi-

tudinal sulci on each side, the inner sulci not very strongly

convergent posteriorly. Propleure closely and_ finely

punctured, mesopleures more strongly punctured. Median

segment closely obliquely striated on the sides ; the dorsal

surface very closely and finely punctured, some of the

punctures confluent, with a smooth shining space on each

side near the middle; two parallel carinz from the base not

reaching the apex, very near together, the space between

them finely rugose; the surface of the ob'ique posterior

truncation finely aciculate, with scattered shallow punctures,

Abdomen shining, evenly, but not very closely punctured ;

the second segment almost smooth ; the anterior truncation

510 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

of the basal segment slightly concave; the epipygium sub- |

opaque, rather sparsely punctured, some of the punctures —

cell is full three-quarters as long as the third on the radial

nervure, the radial cell is very narrowly separated from the

costa at the apex, the second recurrent nervure is received

at three-fifths trom the base of the third cubital cell.

Black ; the pubescence grey and very sparse; the apex of

the pygidium narrowly testaceous; the spines of the tibie

white, those of the tarsi very pale ferruginous. Wings

fusco-hyaline, flushed with purple, darkest towards the apex ;

nervures black.

. Length 12 mm.

Hab. Salween Valley, Tenasserim (Bingham); July.

‘Type in B. M. (ex. coll. Bingham).

Plesia (Mesa) ustulata, sp. n.

2. Clypeus very finely and closely punctured ; the head

punctured, finely and sparsely on the vertex and round the

ocelli, closely and coarsely on the front, a shallow longitudinal

sulcus between the antenne reaching halfway to the anterior

ocellus; the scape shining and punctured, with sparse, pale,

fulvous pubescence beneath, the flagellum except the basal

joint opaque. Pronotum rather deeply, but not very closely

punctured; mesonotum shining, very sparsely punctured;

almost smooth on the disc, with two longitudinal sulei on

each side, the outer one very shallow and indistinct; the

scutellum shining and very sparsely punctured; propleure

punctured rugulose, mesopleura closely and not very coarsely

punctured. Median segment very finely and closely punc-

tured, with a broad groove from the base to the base of the

oblique posterior slope, which is not abruptly divided from

the dorsal portion of the segment, the sides closely obliquely

striated. Abdomen shining, finely punctured, sparsely on

the two basal segments, more closely on the others; the

epipygium finely punctured at the base, finely longitudinally

striated before the apex, which is broadly rounded, the apical

margin rather broadly smooth; the petiole of the basal

segment broader than long. ‘The first recurrent nervure is

received at the middle of the second cubital cell, the second,

which is broadly but not very strongly curved outwardly, a

little beyond the middle of the third cubital cell. The second

cubital cell is long on the radial nervure, slightly longer than

the third ; the second and third transverse cubital nervures

oblique, very slightly bent close to the cubital nervure; the

radial cell obliquely truncate at the apex.

Hymcnopterous Genera Myzine and Plesia. 511

Black ; the mandibles, flagellum, and apex of the hypo-

pygium dull fusco-ferruginous; the apex of the epipygium

and the tegule testaceous ; the spines of the tibia and tarsi

whitish. Wings pale yellowish brown, fusco-ferruginous in

the radial cell, nervures dark fuscous.

Length 12 mm.

Hab. Yunzalin Valley, Tenasserin (Bingham); November.

‘Type in B. M.

Plesia (Mesa) extensa, sp. n.

g. Clypeus convex and subcarinate in the middle, slightly

advanced to the apex and very feebly and narrowly emargi-

nate, finely punctured and clothed with white pubescence.

Front punctured-rugose, vertex sparsely and rather shallowly

punctured, the prominence between the antenne bilobed,

widely but not deeply emarginate at the apex. Scape very

finely punctured, short and swollen, the first joint of the

flagellum concealed by the apex of the scape, the second not

as long as the scape, the third half as long again as the

second. Pronotum shining, finely and not very closely

punctured, narrowed anteriorly, the posterior margin arched ;

mesonotum and scutellum shining and sparsely punctured,

the mesonotum with two sulci on each side, the two inner

sulci deep and converging towards.the posterior margin.

Median segment coarsely transversely rugose; propleure

very finely, mesopleurz more coarsely punctured. Abdomen

shining, finely and sparsely punctured, slender and elongate ;

the basal segment smooth, tully as long as the second and

thiid combined, the basal halt very narrow and depressed,

the apical half nodose, constricted at the apex; the second

segment gradually widened from the base, a little longer than

the third; the epipygium with a longitudinal carina. The

third cubital cell is about one-quarter as long again as the

second on the radial nervure; the first recurrent vervure is

received just beyond the middle of the second cubital cell,

the second at two-fifths from the base of the third cubital

cell.

Black ; the mandibles except at the apex, the extreme

apex of the interantennal prominence, a short, narrow, trans-

verse line on each side at the apical angles of the four basal

abdominal segments, the basal joints of the tarsi, the anterior

tibiw, and the base of the posterior and intermediate tibia

pale yellow, the apical joints of the tarsi fuscous, Wings

very pale fusco-hyaline, nervures fuscous, the tegule

testaceous.

Length 12 mm.

512 Mr. R. E. Turner on the

T1ab. Maymyo, Burma, 2000 ft. (Bingham); September.

‘Type in B. M. (ex coll. Bingham).

Nearest to petiolata, Sin.

Plesia (Mesa) petiolata, Sm.

Myzine petiolata, Sm. Cat. Hym. B. M. iii. p. 72. n. 10 (1855), ¢.

Myzine ceylonica, Cam. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Fiat: (7).¥. pels (1900), o.

A pair taken an covtu by Mr. Lefroy at Pusa, Bengal, in

June.

The female is very near fusc7pennis, Sm., but in that insect

the median segment is abruptly truncate, leaving a well-

defined apical margin, which is not the case in petiolata; the

mesonotum also is much more strongly punctured in /used-

pennis, as noticed by Cameron,

Plesia (Mesa) hortata, Nurse.

Myzine hortata, Nurse, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xiv. p. 81

(1902), @.

Hab. Deesa (Nurse) ; Pusa, Bengal (Lefroy).

Plesia dichroa, Perty.

Meria dichroa, Perty, Delect. anim. artic. Brasil. p. 189, pl. xxvii.

Pipe ieee (1833), 2.

Plesia dorsalis, Lep. Hist. nat. Ins. Hym. iii. p. 576 (1845), 9.

As I have not seen the types I cannot be absolutely certain

as to the identity of these insects, but judging from the

descriptions I have little doubt that they may be referred to

the same species.

Plesia univittata, sp. n.

@. Clypeus short, punctured, sparsely clothed with

cinereous pubescence, with a faint, longitudinal, median

carina. Mandibles subacute at the apex, with a sparse

fringe of fulvous hairs on the outer margin. Front deeply

and closely punctured, vertex sparsely punctured, cheeks

smooth andshining. Pronotum as broad as the head, slightly

emarginate anteriorly, deeply and rather closely punctured,

the sides very delicately striated. Mesonotum and scutellum

shining, with large sparse punctures. Median segment

opaque, "sparsely punctured, the sides finely striated, shorter

than the scutellum, the angles rounded, truncate posteriorly

and delicately 1ugulose. Abdomen shining, very shallowly

Hymenopterous Genera Myzine and Plesia. 513

punctured; the first sezment truncate anteriorly, about one-

quarter narrower at the apex than the second segment.

Epipygium longitudinally striated, rounded at the apex ;

hypopygium subtruncate at the apex. The first joint of the

posterior tarsi is about twice as long as the second, spinose

on the outer margin from the base to the apex and with a

comb of short spines beneath.

Black ; the abdomen with faint blue reflections ; the inner

margin of the eyes very narrowly, the postscutellum, a longi-

tudinal mark on each side of the median segment near the

apex, a broad band strongly emarginate posteriorly with a

small black spot on each side of the emargination on the first

ablominal segment and a narrow transverse band close to

the base of the third segment yellow; the apex of the epi-

pygium very narrowly testaceous; the spines of the tibie

whitish. Wings pale fusco-hyaline, tinged with violaceous,

a much darker band broadening to the apex along the costa,

nervures fuscous. First recurrent nervure received by the

second cubital cell at three-fifths from the base, the second

received by the third cubital cell at two-fifths from the bse.

Second cubital cell very long, more than half as long again

on the cubital as on the radial nervure, one-third longer on

the radial nervure than the third cubital cell and nearly twice

as long on the cubital nervure. ‘The third cubital cell is

rhomboidal, broader than long, the third transverse cubital

nervure very slightly arched, joining the radial cell at its

extreme apex. ¢ unknown.

Length 16 mm.

Hab. Rio Grande do Sul.

Type in B. M., received from Dr. Ihering.

Allied to P. dichroa, Perty.

Plesia andina, sp. n.

?. Clypeus very closely punctured, raised in the middle

into an ill-defined, longitudinal carina and very broadly

rounded at the apex. Front closely and coarsely punctured,

the vertex more sparsely punctured, the area round the

anterior ocellus almost smooth. The posterior ocelli are

further from the eyes than from each other and a little further

from each other than from the anterior ocellus; they are

situated on the inner margin of a small depression. The

inner margin of the eyes very broadly and shallowly emar-

ginate. Scape very sparsely punctured beneath, with a few

pale fulvous hairs, more closely punctured above; as long as

joints 2-4 of the flagellum combined. Mandibles with a

514 On the Hymenopterous Genera Myzine and Plesia.

sparse fringe of pale fulvous hairs on the basal half of the

outer margin. Pronotum a little broader than the head,

nearly three times as broad as long, rather sparsely punctured.

Mesonotum and scutellum very sparsely punctured, the meso-

notum with two longitudinal sulci on each side, the inner

sulci slightly more convergent posteriorly than the outer.

Mesopleure strongly, but not very closely punctured ; the

scutellum not quite as long as the mesonotum. Median

segment finely rugose, punctured at the base, the sides of

the segment finely striated ; shorter than the mesonotum,

steeply sloped posteriorly, the posterior surface finely obliquely

striated and covered with short cinereous pubescence. Abdo-

men sparsely and rather finely punctured, the segments

smooth at the base, the second and third segments with a

slightly raised transverse line near the base; the first seg-

ment truncate at the base, the dorsal surface not more than

half as long as the second segment. Epipygium longi-

tudinally striated, rounded at the apex; the hypopygium

projecting beyond the epipygium and narrowly truncate at

the apex. ‘The intermediate and posterior tibiee very broad,

flattened on the outer surface and very coarsely rugose, the

margins closely serrated. The basal joint of the posterior

tarsi is more.than twice as long as the second joint, armed

with two or three spines before the apex and with a comb of

short, closely-set spines beneath. The first joint of the

anterior tarsi is strongly emarginate at the base beneath.

Black; the mandibles, a spot at the apex of the scape, a spot

on the tegulz, the apical joints of the tarsi and the apex of

the pygidium dark fusco-ferruginous, the spines of the tibie

whitish. Wings deep fulvo-hyaline, the apical third fusco-

hyaline, dark fuscous in the third cubital cell and beyond the

apex of the radial cell; nervures ferruginous. ‘The first

recurrent nervure is received by the second cubital cell at one-

third from the apex, the second just before the middle of the

third cubital cell. The second cubital cell is as long as the

third on the radial nervure and nearly twice as long on the

cubital nervure as on the radial. The third cubital cell is

more than half as long again on the cubital as on the radial

nervure and half as broad again at the apex as at» the

base. @ unknown.

Length 14-17 mm.

Hab. Mendoza, Argentina (December—March).

Described from three specimens purchased from H. Rolle.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera, 51

LXXXI.—Rhynchotal Notes.—XLIV. By W. L. Distanr.

HoMopreERA.

Fam. Jasside.

Subfam. TerrrgoNnreLLina.

Tus following notes and descriptions principally refer to

Neotropical genera and species, of which the British

Museum possesses a very fine collection. Walker, as is

well known, described many species, the types of which it

contains ; the very large Godman Collection from Central

America, worked out by Canon Fowler, is also included in

its cabinets, while the Museum purchased some years ago,

through Herr Haensch, what purported to be the cotypes of

Breddin’s species in this subfamily. Unfortunately, a large

number of these cotypes have never been described and

represent MS. names ouly, and it is believed that even more

have been distributed to Coutinental Museums, for some

referred to by Prof. Jacobi* I learn from him are in that

category. The British Museum, however, possesses, with few

exceptions, cotypes of all the Neotropical Tettigoniellide of

which Breddin has published descriptions, and I append a

list of those which we received ascribed to Breddin of which

no description can be traced. I forwarded Dr. Breddin a

list of these nondescripts, and it is important that attention

should be called to them.

I have to thank Prof. Jacobi, of the Dresden Museum, for

kindly letting me see examples of all his Peruvian and

Bolivian specimens which he described in 1905. The

incidents of synonymy have thus been avoided, while the

British Museum now possesses properly identified repre-

sentatives or coloured drawings of all his species.

Genus TRICHOGONIA.

Trichogonia, Bredd. Soc. entom. xvi. p. 75 (1901),

Type, 7. ardentula.

Trichogonia boliviana, sp. n.

Black ; disk of vertex connected with base by a narrow

central line, and apical areas of tegmina (excluding margins)

dull greyish.

Var. he apical areas of tegmina with the greyish

coloration replaced by sanguincous.

* SB. Ges, naturf, Berlin, 1905, Nr. 6, pp. 163-185,

516 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

Vertex a little longer than half the breadth between eyes ;

pronotum sparingly punctate, transversely finely striate, cen-

trally longitudinally sulcate, its basal margin angularly

sinuate ; scutellum with two small discal rounded foveations,

its apical areas rugulose; tegmina smooth, shining, the veins

prominent ; posterior tibiz finely spinulose.

Long. 10 mm.

Hab, Bolivia; Toungas de la Paz (Brit. Mus.).

Genus TETTIGONIELLA.

Tetigonia, Geoffr. Hist. Abrég. des Ins. i. p. 429 (1798-99) nom.

reeoce.

Perhigenah Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1853, p. 323 (part.) ; Stal, Hem.

Fabr. 11. p. él (1869).

Subzen. Amblyscarta, Stal, Hem. Fabr. ii. p. 71 (1869).

Subgen. Peeciloscarta, Stal, loc. cit. p. 73.

Tettigoniella, Jacobi, Zool. Jahr. Syst. xix. p. 778 (1904) n. nom.

Dist. Faun. B. I., Rhynch. iv. p. 201 (1907).

Type, T. viridis, Linn.

The type of Stal’s subgen. Amblyscarta is A. modesta, Fabr.,

and taking that species asastandard, Amblyscartashould rank

as a distinct genus. But the mutations between modesta,

Fabr., and viridis, Linn., the type of Tettegoniella, are so

gradual that no actual generic demarcation can be made

between them. As regards the subgen. Pwciloscarta, Stal,

the type of which is cardinalis, Fabr., the distinction is less,

while some of the species included by Stal in that subgenus

belong to Kolla, Dist. It therefore seems best to follow

Stal with the two above subgenera, though others may be

recognised as of generic value.

Tettigoniella (Amblyscarta) fastuosa.

Cicada fastuosa, Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. p. 70. 48 (1803).

Tettiyona fastuosa, Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (8) i. p. 37, pl. ii. fig. 10

(1853).

Tettigonia (Amblyscarta) fastuosa, Stal, Hem. Fabr. ii. p. 73 (1869).

Tettigonia instans, Walk. List Hom., Suppl. p. 218 (1858),

Hab. Amazons; Ecuador; Bolivia (Brit. Mus.).

Tettigoniella (Amblyscarta) quinquesignata.

Tettigonia 5-signata, Walk. List Hom., Suppl. p. 194 (1858) ; Fowl.

Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch. Hom. ii. p. 239, t. xv. fig. 11 (1899).

Tettigonia multivirgata, Stal, Stett. Ent. Zeit. xxv. p. 73 (1864).

Hab. Central America.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 517

Tettigoniella (Amblyscarta) picta, sp. n.

Vertex testaceous, thickly and finely spotted with ochra-

ceous; pronotum carmine-red, thickly, finely, and indistinctly

spotted with ochraceous, its anterior margin broadly testa-

ceous spotted with ochraceous; scutellum testaceous, finely

spotted with ochraceous; tegmina carmine-red_ thickly

reticulate with bluish-grey markings, excepting basal angles

and apices which are uniformly carmine-red ; head beneath,

sternum, and legs castaneous-brown, lateral margins of

sternum greyish white; abdomen beneath ochraceous; face

thickly and finely spotted with ochraceous; vertex about

half as long as breadth between eyes, foveately impressed on

each side before eyes ; pronotum arcuately impressed before

anterior margin ; face a little broadly flattened, on each side

narrowly transversely striate.

Long., incl. tegm., 9 mm.

Hab. Bolivia; Toungas de la Paz (Brit. Mus.).

Belonging to the group of species represented by T. (A.) mo-

desta, Fabr.

Tettigoniella (Amblyscarta) cachabensis, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum brownish ochraceous ;

body beneath and legs ochraceous ; tibiz and tarsi brownish

ochraceous ; abdomen beneath piceous, the lateral and

posterior segmental margins, the last segment and anal

appendage more or less ochraceous ; tegmina black, posterior

claval margin broadly and inner claval margin narrowly, and

costal margin narrowly ochraceous, six or seven elongate

stramineous spots, two on inner claval margin, two on disk

before middle, and three subcostal; vertex broad, transverse,

scarcely half as long as breadth between eyes, anterior

margin rounded between eyes; pronotum foveately impressed

behind each eye; scutellum finely transversely impressed

before apieal area; face with a central pale’ longitudinal

line, the lateral areas finely obliquely striate; clypeus

gibbous.

Long. 94 to 10 millim.

Hab. Ecuador ; Cachabé (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Tettigoniella (Amblyscarta) inca, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum brownish ochraceous ;

face pale ochraceous, cheeks, sternum, and legs greyish

ochraceous; tibie and tarsi piceous; abdomen beneath

orange-yellow, its apex black; tegmina black, a narrow

transverse line at base, a broad transverse fascia before

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. 1. 34

518 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

middle and a similar fascia beyond middle, orange-yellow ;

wings dark fuliginous; head broad, transverse, about as

long as breadth between eyes, rounded between, but a little

perpendicular in front of eyes ; pronotum somewhat strongly

transversely impressed before anterior margin ; face centrally,

broadly, flattened and smooth, the lateral areas narrowly

transversely striate ; clypeus gibbous.

Long., incl. tegm., 10 to 105 mm.

Hab. Ecuador ; Cachabé (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Tettigoniella (Amblyscarta) rosenbergi, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum olivaceous brown, the

posterior margin of the pronotum greyish; body beneath

aud legs olivaceous brown; anterior and intermediate tibiz

and tarsi, apex of posterior tibize, and apices of posterior

tarsal joints, piceous ; apex of abdomen beneath blackish ;

tegmina black, a narrow curved transverse fascia at base, a

broad transverse fascia before middle, and a similar fascia

beyond middle, greyish white; wings dark fuliginous; vertex

broad, short, scarcely half as long as breadth between

eyes, rounded between eyes, but a little perpendicular at

anterior margins of eyes; pronotum finely and indistinctly

transversely striate, transversely impressed before anterior

margin, distinctly deflected near posterior margin; face

centrally broadly smooth, transversely striate on each lateral

area ; clypeus distinctly gibbous.

Long., incl. tegm., 10 to 103 mm.

Hab. Ecuador ; Cachabé and Paramba (Rosenberg, Brit.

Mus.).

Tettigoniella (Amblyscarta) hulda, sp. n.

Head and pronotum ochraceous brown; lateral areas of

the vertex in front of ocelli piceously carinate; posterior

marginal area of pronotum castaneous ; scutellum pale dull

ochraceous; head beneath, sternum, and legs ochraceous-

brown ; abdomen beneath pale ochraceous, the segmental

margins brown ; tegmina dull subhyaline, largely irregularly

shaded with bright ochraceous, the veins castaneous, and

with three irregularly shaped castaneous spots, one some-

what elongate near base, the others subquadrate and situate

near middle of claval margin and near middle of tegmen;

vertex broad, transverse, much broader than long, truncately

rounded in front; pronotum considerably longer than

vertex, broadly transversely grooved or impressed near

anterior margin; face broadly centrally ferruginous and

thickly finely granulose, the lateral areas transversely striate

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 519

and piceous; anterior and intermediate tibiz piceous, all

the tarsi piceous.

Long., incl. tegm., 9 14 mm.

Hab. Colombia (Brit. Mus.).

A robust and broad species and in that respect allied to

Z. sanguinans, Walk.

Tettigoniella spectabilis, sp. n.

Head and pronotum golden yellow; vertex with the basal

margin very narrowly black, and an oblique black spot at

inner margin of each eye ; pronotum with the anterior and

posterior margins broadly castaneous; scutellum brownish

ochraceous, a black transverse fascia (medially widened) a

little beyond base followed by a large transverse greyish

arcuate spot on apical area; abdomen above ochraceous, the

last two segments brownish, the margins of which are black,

and a central longitudinal black fascia which is broadest on

basal area ; body beneath and legs yellowish grey; tibize and

tarsi shghtly infuscate ; face golden yellow; a small black

spot on each side of clypeus; tegmina castaneous brown, the

apical area pale brownish ochraceous, four large yellowish

spots on the dark area, the first oblique near base, extending

from near costa to near outer claval margin, the second

smallest, in and near apex of claval area, the third discal

and almost above claval apex, the fourth just before apical

area; wings hyaline, slightly fuliginous, the apical margin

blackish ; vertex about half as long as breadth between eyes ;

face centrally smooth, the apical areas transversely striate.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 11 mm.; exp. tegm. 25 mm.

Hab. Bolivia, Toungas de la Paz'( Brit. Mus.).

Allied to 7. pardalina, Fowl.

Tettigoniella jyemima, sp. n.

Vertex ochraceous, a transverse undulating line in front

of eyes, from which two central lines proceed to apex, and a

single central line connected with base, black ; pronotum

pale ochraceous, the base, from which proceed two central

lines connected beyond middle and connected by a transverse

line on each side to lateral margins, and three small central

spots on anterior margin, castaneous ; scutellum castaneous,

the basal angles and apex pale greenish-ochraceous ; body

beneath and legs ochraceous, abdominal segmental margins,

spots to connexivum, and tarsal claws, piceous; face and

clypeus golden yellow, anterior margin of face, lateral

margins of clypeus, and a posterior lateral line to cheeks,

black ; tegmina subhyaline, the veins, basal and apical areas

34*

520 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

castaneous, the two last containing ochraceous spots; vertex-

a little shorter than breadth between eyes, subangularly

rounded in front; lateral areas of face obliquely transversely

striate.

Long., incl. tegm., 113-12 mm.

Hab, Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to 7. bracteatula, Jacobi.

Tettigoniella lenea, sp. n.

Pale ochraceous ; vertex with a subapical marginal black

line, a transverse ‘central black line at base, and a more

slender line of the same colour on each side before eyes ;

pronotum with two indistinct pale brownish transverse fasciz,

the broadest near base, the other waved before anterior

margin; scutellum pale brownish, the basal angles and apex

greenish yellow ; tarsi piceous brown; tegmina subhyaline,

the veins, costal margin, and extreme basal area pale brownish;

vertex much shorter than breadth between eyes, anteriorly

subangulate; scutellum strongly transversely impressed near

middle; face broad, subglobose, the lateral areas transversely

striate.

Long., incl. tegm., 10-1] mm.

Hab. Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Tettigoniella hydra, sp. 0.

Vertex black, thickly spotted and marked with ooliieecatn.

pronotum purplish brown, the anterior margin black spotted

with ochraceous ; scutellum black with pale ochraceous

marginal and apical markings; body beneath black, dense

linear markings to face, coxe, legs, narrow abdominal seg-

mental margins, and spots to connexivum, pale ochraceous,

tibiz and tarsi more or less brownish; tegmina purplish

brown, narrow margins to clavus, narrow costal margin, and

the apical area bronzy yellow; vertex broad, transverse,

about half as long as breadth between eyes, anteriorly

rounded, slightly transversely impressed in front of eyes ;

scutellum transversely impressed near middle.

Long. 10 mm.

Hab. Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to 7. testudinaria, Fowl.

Tettigoniella thea, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum stramineous; vertex

with a broad irregular brownish-ochraceous arcuate fascia

between the eyes ; pronotum with the anterior margin and

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 521

two transverse fasciz, the first narrow before middle, the

second broad before posterior margin, purplish red; scutellum

with a purplish red transverse fascia imperfectly seen in the

pinned typical specimen; head beneath and sternum pale

stramineous ; posterior margins of face, clypeus, a transverse

spot between anterior and intermediate coxze, and abdomen

beneath, black, margins of the abdominal segments strami-

neous ; tegmina purplish red, sparingly and somewhat

minutely spotted with pale ochraceous, the extreme apical

area obscure hyaline, the apical margin piceous; vertex

about as long as breadth between eyes, angulately produced

in front of eyes; face narrowly, laterally piceously striate on

its posterior half.

Long. 10 mm.

Hab. Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to T. tractatula, Jac., vertex more angulate ante-

riorly, markings to pronotum, spots to tegmina, and colour

of face different.

Tettigoniella cornelia, sp. u.

Vertex stramineous, the anterior margin black; pronotum

and scutellum purplish red, pronotum with the anterior

margin medially interrupted and the posterior margin

ochraceous; head beneath, including face, cheeks, and

clypeus, black ; sternum and legs pale ochraceous ; abdomen

beneath black, the segmental margins and the anal segment

pale ochraceous; tegmina purplish red, clavus with two

transverse fasciate spots, the first near base, the second near

apex, pale ochraceous; wings fuliginous; vertex much

broader than long, rounded in front; face somewhat

globose.

Var. Vertex unicolorous, without the anterior black

margin ; head beneath uniformly pale ochraceous, not

black.

Long., incl. tegm., 6 mm.

Hab. Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Tettigoniella tolosa, sp. n.

Vertex black, margins of the ocelli ochraceous ; pronotum

and scutellum reddish ochraceous, the first with a central

broad black fascia not reaching the anterior margin and

ampliated posteriorly; scutellum with a blackish spot a

little before each basal angle; body beneath black, margins

of the abdominal segments pale ochraceous; anterior and

intermediate legs pale ochraceous, bases of the femora black,

posterior legs black, bases of tibice and the tarsi more or less

522 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

ochraceous ; tegmina testaceous, a large oblique spot near

middle of clavus piceous; vertex broader than long but

angulately rounded anteriorly ; face discally flattened, the

~ lateral margins narrowly but somewhat coarsely transversely

striate.

Long., incl. tegm., 9 mm.

Hab. Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Tettigoniella daeta, sp. n.

Vertex ochraceous, the lateral margins before eyes and a

central longitudinal fascia not reaching apex, black; pro-

notum purplish red, the anterior margin black; scutellum

black, extreme apex purplish red; head beneath, sternum

and legs ochraceous; face (excluding basal area), clypeus,

coxal spots, and abdomen beneath black, the abdominal seg-

mental margins testaceous ; apices of tarsal joints and the

claws, piceous; tegmina purplish red, a transverse fascia

near middle, another beyond middle, and the apical area,

black ; vertex about as long as breadth between eyes, some-

what conically rounded in front ; face with the disk flattened,

the lateral areas strongly transversely striate; pronotum and

scutellum smooth.

Long., incl. tegm., 114 mm.

Hab. Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Tettigoniella vallonia, sp. n.

Vertex pale ochraceous with a broad irregular black fascia

not reaching apex and bilobed anteriorly; pronotum and

scutellum purplish red, the first piceously ochraceous at

anterior margin; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; face

(excluding basal area), clypeus, coxal spots, and anal segment

of abdomen, black ; tegmina purplish red, apical area piceous

mwardly and obscurely margined with dull ochraceous.

In structure allied to the preceding species, but vertex

more broadly rounded in front ; colour-markings altogether

different.

Long., incl. tegm., 103 mm.

Hab. Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Tettigoniella ulla, sp. n.

Vertex ochraceous, lateral margins before eyes, a central

fascia bilobed anteriorly, and lateral striations black ; pro-

notum purplish red, anterior margin medially widened, and

a large central triangular spot at base, black, the anterior

black margin posteriorly bordered on each side with ochra-

ceous ; scutellum black; head beneath, sternum and legs

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 523

black ; basal and lateral margins of face pale ochraceous,

the former with two central black dots and the latter with

transverse black strize; abdomen beneath ochraceous, the

segmental margins rosaceous, a basal spot and the anal

segment black; tegmina purplish red, a broad transverse

fascia near middle, and another beyond middle which is

inwardly connected with the apical area, black; vertex a

hittle shorter than breadth between eyes, subangularl

rounded in front; face discally longitudinally flattened, the

lateral areas transversely striate.

Long. incl. tegm. 10 mm.

Hab. Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Tettigoniella azeka, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum pale testaceous; vertex

with a central longitudinal fascia broadened anteriorly and

a small spot before each eye, pronotum with the anterior and

posterior marginal areas, the former medially interrupted,

and the body beneath black ; legs and abdominal segmental

margins pale ochraceous, femora, excluding apices, black ;

tegmina black, basal and apical areas pale greenish ochra-

ceous, posterior claval margin and a medial subcostal. line

testaceous; wings fuliginous; vertex slightly shorter than

breadth between eyes, subangularly rounded in front, foveate

on each side near eyes ; face discally longitudinally flattened.

Long. 8 mm.

Hab, Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Tettigoniella apulia, sp. n.

Vertex black, narrow lateral margins bordering eyes,

narrow basal margin and. a somewhat large discal spot, sul-

phureous ; pronotum sulphureous, a discal suffusion and a

subbasal marginal line piceous ; scutellum sulphureous, the

basal area, excluding its lateral margins, black ; body beneath

and legs black ; intermediate legs, apices of anterior femora

and the anterior tibize and tarsi, apices of posterior coxe,

bases and apices of posterior femora, and the spinules to

posterior tibiae, ochraceous ; tegmina black, basal and outer

claval margins sulphureous, apical area pale fuscous brown ;

wings pale fuliginous, the veins black ;. vertex shorter than

breadth between eyes, rounded: in front, moderately. foveate

on each side before eyes; face longitudinally flattened,

laterally shortly transversely carinate.

Long., incl. tegm., 74 mm.

Hab. Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

94 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

Tettigoniella espriella, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum black; vertex with an

irregular and medially interrupted transverse greyish fascia

between the eyes and enclosing the ocelli; pronotum with a

transverse ochraceous fascia a little behind the middle; head

beneath and sternum black (abdomen mutilated in type),

anterior lateral margins of face, and the legs pale stramineous;

tarsi piceous ; tegmina blackish, claval area for the greater

part ochraceous, a subcostal line not extending to apical

area, inner claval margin, and two short linear fascie on

posterior disk greenish ochraceous ; vertex about as long as

breadth between eyes, broadly rounded in front; face cen-

trally longitudinally flattened, laterally transversely striate.

Var. Vertex with a continuous greyish fascia between the

eyes, the anterior margins also greyish; face with ochra-

ceous suffusions.

Long., incl. tegm., 84 mm.

Hab. Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Tettigoniella areolata.

Tettigonia areolata, Sign. Ann, Soc, Ent. Fr. (3) i. p. 355, t. xi. fig. 4

(1853).

Tettigonia suavipennis, Walk. List Hom., Suppl. p. 196 (1858).

Hab. Central America.

Tettigoniella splendida.

Cicada splendida, Fabry. Syst. Rhyng. p. 68. 29 (1808).

Tettigonia splendida, Sign. Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr. (8) ii. p. 351, t. xi.

fig. 15 (1854).

Tettrgonia leucospila, Walk. List Hom., Suppl. p. 217 (1858).

Tettigoniella decorata.

Tettigonia decorata, Walk. List Hom. iii. p. 761 (1851).

gee walkerta, Sign, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (8) i. p. 862 (1858),

Signoret proposed the name walkeri for this species because

he considered it preoccupied by decora, Fabr. The Cicada

decora, Fabr., has been shown by Stal (Hem. Fabr. ii. p. 83)

to belong to the genus Calliscarta, and therefore cannot

invalidate Walker’s specific cognomen. Signoret himself

had previously (Rev. Mag. Zool. 1850, p. 285) described a

species as Dilobopterus decoratus, which he subsequently

included in Tettigonia. Dilobopterus being recognised as a

distinct genus, Signoret’s species (which = dispar, Germ.)

does not apply.

Lettigoniella spinole. }

bea spmole, Sign. Ann. Soc, Ent, Fr. (3) i. p. 865, t. xii. fig’, 3

Tettigonia discrepans, Walk. List Hom., Suppl. p, 212 (1858). ;

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. §25

Tettigoniella ? concinna.

Tettigonia concinna, Walk. List Hom. iii. p. 755 (1851).

As this species was described from a mutilated specimen

without tegmina, it can only be regarded as a non-existent

one so far as entomology is concerned.

APULIA, gen. nov.

Vertex somewhat conically produced, about as long as

breadth between eyes, more or less distinctly foveate at

inner margins of eyes ; face globose, discally a little flattened

on basal area; clypeus about half as long as face; pro-

notum elongate, narrowing from base to apex, about half as

long again as vertex, the lateral margins oblique and mode-

rately sinuate, the lateral areas more or less foveately

depressed ; scutellum centrally transversely impressed, the

apical area more or less globose; abdomen elongate and

somewhat slender; legs slender, anterior tibiz cylindrical ;

tegmina elongate, apically narrowed and rounded; wings

ample; other characters as in Tettigoniella.

The long pronotum with its oblique lateral margins and

its foveately depressed lateral areas and the globose apical

area of the scutellum are typical characters of this genus.

Type, A. quadrimacula, Walk.

In this genus I include 7. marquardti, Jac. and T. hya-

cinthinula, Jac.

Apulia quadrimacula.

Tettigonia quadrimacula, Walk. List Hom. iii. p. 741 (1851).

Tettigonia quadrimaculata, Sign. (part.) Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr, (8) ii. p. 495

pl. xvii. fig. 13 (1854). i

Hab, Colombia.

Apulia excelsa, sp. 0.

Vertex, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath, and legs

stramineous; lateral margins and apex of face, and the

clypeus pale castaneous ; two large sternal spots between

the anterior and intermediate coxz castaneous, with their

margins darker; scutellum with a triangular spot at each

basal angle, a central line extending from base to transverse

impression where it is ampliated on each side, and a small

linear spot at apex pale castaneous ; abdomen above dull

ochraceous, the segmental margins greyish brown, and a

central longitudinal series of segmental piceous spots; teg-

mina dark violaceous, very finely and ‘obscurely sprinkled

with stramineous, the costal margin and the apical area

stramineous; wings pale flavescent; vertex as long as

526 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

breadth between eyes, subconically produced in front,

foveately impressed at inner margins of eyes; pronotum

strongly foveately depressed on each lateral area; scutellum

with the central disk sharply depressed to the transverse

impression, the apical area globose.

Long., excl. tegm., 145 to 15 mm. ; exp. tegm. 30 mm.

Hab. Bolivia; Toungas de la Paz (Brit. Mus.).

Apulia hyala, sp. nu.

Vertex and pronotum stramineous; ocelli and two spots

on the anterior area of the pronotum black; scutellum pale

brownish, a large greyish cordate spot occupying the whole

of the apical area, two small, sometimes replaced by one

larger spot at transverse impression black ; abdomen above

fuscous brown, the segmental margins greyish, the apex

stramineous; body beneath and legs stramineous, margins

of face and the clypeus pale brownish ; two large violaceous

spots on sternum between anterior and intermediate coxee ;

tarsi piceous brown ; tegmina greyish, the costal and apical

margins (the first narrowly, the latter more broadly) ochra-

ceous, a longitudinal purplish subcostal fascia extending

from near base to beyond middle, and an arcuate transverse

fascia of the same colour a little before apex ; wings fuscous;

vertex as long as breadth between eyes, subconically an-

teriorly produced, foveately depressed at inner margins of

eyes; pronotum foveately depressed on each lateral area ;

face globose, discally anteriorly flattened, the lateral areas

transversely striate.

Var. Tegmina excluding costal margin and apical area

wholly pale purplish.

Long., excl. tegm., 12 mm.; exp. tegm. 24 mm.

Hab. Bolivia; Toungas de la Paz (Brit. Mus.), Peru;

Perené (Brit. Mus.).

Apulia flora, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum testaceous red ; vertex

with a large inwardly angulated black spot at inner margin

of each eye; pronotum with two transverse black spots on

anterior margin which extend to the anterior angles ; basal

margin of the scutellum black; abdomen above bluish

black, the segmental margins dull ochraceous, the apex tes-

taceous red; body beneath and legs testaceous red; a broad

apical transverse fascia to face, the clypeus, a sternal spot

between anterior and intermediate cox, and a basal trans-

verse fascia to anal segment, black; tegmina purplish

violaceous, the apical margin pale ochraceous; wings fuli-

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 527

ginous, the veins darker, a linear spot on apical margin

ochraceous ; vertex slightly longer than breadth between

eyes, moderately foveately depressed near inner margin of

eyes, subconically produced in front; face centrally longi-

tudinally flattened, the lateral areas rather coarsely trans-

versely striate; pronotum about half as long again as

vertex, the lateral margins oblique, scarcely sinuate, the

lateral areas deeply foveately depressed.

Long., excl. tegm., 2? 13 mm.; exp. tegm. 23 mm.

Hab, Ecuador; Paramba (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.).

Apulia cleora, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, scutellum, head beneath, sternum, and

legs ochraceous ; ocelli, two somewhat large oblique trans-

verse spots near anterior margin of pronotum, a large spot

near each basal angle of scutellum, a lateral fascia on each

side of face extending for about half its length, a spot

between anterior and intermediate cox, and a marginal

spot at anterior angle of mesosternum, black; abdomen

above black, the base, apex, and posterior segmental margins,

sanguineous ; abdomen beneath sanguineous; tegmina dark

brillant violaceous, the apex brownish ochraceous; wings

shining brownish ochraceous ; vertex not longer than breadth

between eyes, subconically produced anteriorly, foveately

depressed on each side near inner margin of eyes; face

discally longitudinally flattened, the lateral areas distinctly

transversely striate; pronotum with the lateral margins

oblique, foveolately depressed on each lateral area.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢, 104 mm.; exp. tegm. 21 mm.

Hab. Costa Rica; Mokri (Atlantic Slope) (A. Pitter,

Coll. Dist.).

Apulia amalda, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath, and legs

ochraceous; posterior, lateral, and apical margins of face

and the whole of the clypeus castaneous, cheeks with a

piceous-brown spot behind the eyes, a transverse piceous spot

between the anterior and the intermediate coxze, apices of

the tarsal joimts piceous ; abdomen above ochraceous, with

discal, transverse, segmental, bluish-black spots; tegmina

very pale ochraceous, the margins narrowly a little darker ;

wings brownish ochraceous ; vertex about as long as breadth

between eyes, subconically produced anteriorly, foveately

impressed on each side before inner margins of eyes, ocelli

black; face discally longitudinally flattened, transversely

528 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

striate on lateral areas; pronotum with the lateral margins

obliquely sinuate, the lateral areas foveately depressed ;

scutellum more flavescent than ochraceous, the apical area

globose.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 16 mm.; exp. tegm. 31 mm.

Hab. Colombia (Brit. Mus.).

OnzGA, gen. nov.

Vertex as long as breadth between eyes, more or less

centrally anteriorly foveate, the anterior margin angularly

rounded, ocelli almost as far apart from eyes as from each

other ; face moderately long, more or less centrally longitu-

dinally foveate; clypeus robust, centrally longitudinally

ridged ; pronotum a little longer than the vertex, lateral

margins oblique, more or less foveately depressed on each

lateral area; scutellum broadly subtriangular, its apex

globose; legs slender, anterior tibiz cylindrical; tegmina

slender, their apices more or less truncate, veins somewhat

prominent, claval veins reticulate and very prominent.

The principal characters of this genus are the foveate

vertex and face, the globose apex to the scutellum, and the

coarse reticulate venation of the clavus.

Type, O. avella, Dist.

Onega avella, sp. n.

Vertex and pronotum testaceous; basal marginal area of

vertex and anterior marginal area of pronotum palely piceous ;

scutellum greyish brown, the apex testaceous; abdomen

above piceous, the segmental margins dull ochraceous; face,

clypeus, legs, and abdomen beneath testaceous; cheeks,

apices of femora, bases and apices of tibie, tarsi, disk of

sternum, and central spots to abdomen blackish ; ‘tegmina

testaceous, a broad blackish subcostal fascia extending from

near base to beyond middle, the apical margin and the poste-

rior claval margin both narrowly of the same colour ; wings

very pale fuliginous much mottled with greyish ; vertex as

long as breadth between eyes, centrally anteriorly foveate,

angularly rounded in front; face longitudinally foveate,

finely striate on each lateral area ; scutellum with the apex

globose; clavus with coarse reticulate venation which neither

reaches its apex nor posterior margin.

Long., excl. tegm., 12 mm.; exp. tegm. 26 mm.

Hab. Ecuador; Baiza (R. Haensch, Brit. Mus.).

Onega stella, sp. n.

Body above dull purplish red; vertex with a somewhat

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera. 529

large greyish apical spot; scutellum with the basal area

black, abdomen above centrally longitudinally pale piceous ;

body beneath and legs purplish red, tibize and tarsi blackish ;

basal area of face pale ochraceous; tegmina pale dull-

greyish subhyaline, with the veins darker, the whole of the

claval area and the costal area (not reaching apex, but in

part extending to middle of tegmen) purplish red, apical

margin piceous ; wings pale greyish, subhyaline, the veins

darker ; vertex more evenly and less angularly rounded than

in O. avella; lateral areas of pronotum strongly foveately

depressed ; face longitudinally foveate, the lateral areas

transversely striate ; clavus coarsely reticulately veined for

nearly its entire length and breadth.

Long., excl. tegm., 11 mm.

Hab. Ecuador; Baiza (R. Haensch, Brit. Mus.).

SERPA, gen. nov.

Vertex about half as long as breadth between eyes, irregu-

larly rounded in front of eyes; ocelli on disk a little nearer

to eyes than to each other; face with the disk broadly

foveately flattened for its whole length, the margins of which

interspace are somewhat strongly ridged, the lateral areas

almost perpendicular and transversely ridged; pronotum

transverse, considerably broader than long, concavely sinuate

before scutellum, two small tubercles near anterior margin ;

lateral areas behind eyes somewhat broadly foveately de-

pressed ; tegmina longer than abdomen; wings broad and

ample.

Allied to Bhandara, Dist.

Type, S. plumbea, Walk.

Serpa plumbea.

Tettigonia plumbea, Walk. List Hom. iii. p. 754 (1851); Sign. Ann,

Soc. Ent. Fr. (3) i. p. 683 (1853).

Hab. Quito (Brit. Mus.).

Genus Kota.

Kolla, Dist. Faun. B. I., Rhynch. iv. p. 223 (1908),

Type, K. insignis, Dist.

Kolla herbida.

Tettigonia herbida, Walk. List Hom. iii. p. 769 (1851); Sign. Ann. Soe.

Ent. Fr, 1804, p. 18, t. 11. fig. 4; Uhler, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1895, p.77.

530 Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

Tettigonia proliva, Fowl. Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch. Hom. ii. p. 275,

t. xviii. fig. 18 (1900).

Helochara communis (part.), Van Duz. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xxi. p. 280

(1894) ; Ball (part.), Proc. lowa Acad. Sci. vill. p. 62 (1901).

Walker is largely to blame for the confusion appertaining

to this species. In 1852 (List Hom. iv. p. 1156) he sank

his species as a synonym of Helochara communis, Fitch. In

1858 (loc. cit., Suppl. p. 235) he again removed it. The

real explanation seems to be that with his 7. herbida he

mixed up specimens of H. communis. It is not a Nearctic

species, the unique type is without locality, and the North-

American localities he gives are only applicable to the other

specimens he confused with his species. KK. herbida is a

Neotropical species (cf. remarks under Helochara communis).

Kolla bifida.

Tettigonia bifida, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. iv. p. 818 (1831) ;

Van Duz. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxi. p. 273 (1894); Ball, Proc. lowa

Acad. Sci. vill. p. 58, t. v. fig. 1 (1901).

Tettigonia tenella, Walk. List Hom, ii. p. 779 (1851).

? Tettigonia fasciata, Walk. loc, cit. p. 7380 (1851).

Ball (supra) adds, and no doubt correctly, T. fasciata,

Walk., as a synonym of bifida, Say. Walker’s type is, how-

ever, not now to be found, and therefore some slight uncer-

tainty prevails. Its loss, however, causes no difficulty, as I,

at least, suggest that when no type of a Walkerian species

exists, such species is no longer to be recognized, excepting

in a few cases where no difficulty can arise as to its identity.

Kolla geometrica.

Tettigonia geometrica, Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1854, p. 12, t. i,

fig. 12; Ball, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. viii. p. 59, t. v. fig. 2 (1901).

Tettigonia psittacella, Fowl. Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch. Hom. ii. p. 290,

t. xix. fig. 26 (1900).

Ball states that this species occurs throughout all the |

Southern United States from Maryland and Lllinois south

to Florida and Texas, and on through Mexico to South

America,

Kolla ithra, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum pale greenish ochraceous,

scutellum with a transverse black anterior marginal spot near —

each basal angle ; body beneath and legs pale greyish ochra-

ceous; tegmina purplish black, the claval area mostly pale

greenish ochraceous, the claval margins narrowly black,

Geological Society. 531

apical area dull ochraceous ; vertex about as long as breadth

between eyes, subangularly produced in front, longitudinally

centrally impressed ; face with the disk moderately longitu-

dinally smooth and flat, the lateral margins at regions of eyes

distinctly transversely striate, a small central black spot at

middle of its basal margin.

Long., incl. tegm., 74 mm.

Hab. Peru (Rosenberg, Brit. Mus.}.

Allied to K. ferrugatula, Bredd.

Genus SIGNORETIA.

Stgnoretia, Stal, Freg.. Hug. Resa, p. 289 (1858).

Type, S. malaya, Stal.

Signoretia pacifica.

Tettigonia pacifica, Walk. List Hom., Suppl. p. 357 (1858).

Hab. West Africa.

Specimens purchased by the British Museum as “ Breddin’s

Co-types,” of which no description can be traced.

Tettigonia histricula, Bredd. Tettigonia plebejula, Bredd.

nubicula, Bredd. olivatula, Bredd.

mnusividula, Bredd. — ludicula, Bredd.

atrogantula, Bredd. hmbatula, Bredd.

auromicantula, Bredd. Oncometopia asperula, Bredd,

tlluminatula, Bredd. venasuta, Bredd.

offuscabula, Bredd. — limalifrons, Bredd.

complutula, Bredd. lividula, Bredd.

lactulu, Bredd. Amblydisca incarnatula, Bredd.

Jocicula, Bredd.

(To be continued. |

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

March 4th, 1908.—Prof. W. J. Sollas, Sce.D., LL.D., F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On Metriorhynchus brachyrhynchus, Deslong., from the Oxford

Clay near Peterborough.’ By E. Thurlow Leeds, B.A.

This species was first deseribed by E. E. Deslongchamps in 1868,

and was based on an imperfect skull, obtained from the depart-

ment of Calvados, Lower Normandy. He was led to distinguish it

532 Miscellaneous.

from other species by the shortness of its snout. He mentions

one other mutilated skull found near Poitiers, and there is a third —

in the Muséum de la Faculté des Sciences at Caen. Two skulls

have recently been obtained by Mr. A. N. Leeds, F.G.S., from the

Saurian zone of the Lower Oxford Clay, in the neighbourhood of

Dogsthorpe, Peterborough. No other parts of the skeleton were

found with them, even the mandibles being missing. The two

specimens belong to the same species, and after comparison with

descriptions, figures, and photographs of the specimens above men-

tioned, they have been referred to Metriorhynchus brachyrhynchus.

This is believed to be the first recorded occurrence of the species

in England; and the specimens help to throw additional light on

the cranial osteology of the species, especially in the parts which

are wanting in the type-specimen. They are, therefore, described

in order to amplify Deslongchamps’s description. The skulls are

neither of them perfect, but one fortunately supplements the other,

and both are perfect in one of the most interesting parts—the

frontal region and the part from the nasals to the premaxille.

The specimens are compared and contrasted throughout with

M. superciliosus. It is found that these specimens possess the main

characteristics determining Deslongchamps’s species, although the

prefrontals, which are in keeping with the general massive develop-

ment of the skull, are wider than he supposed; and it is possible

to reconstruct with almost absolute certainty the region of the

posterior nares, showing the bifurcated opening with the vomerine

element running back almost to the sphenoid, a feature which the

Author thinks will prove to be common to all species of Metrio-

rhynchus.

MISCELLANEOUS.

The Type of Cidaris. |

To the Editors of the ‘ Annals and Magazne of Natural History.’

GrntLEMEN,—May I have space for a word in reply to Dr. Bather’s

article in the March ‘Annals’ concerning the type of Cidaris?

He maintains that the type can and should be selected by the rule

of “type by tautonomy”; but this seems to me simply impossible.

Linné’s species crdaris is a composite, equivalent undoubtedly to

Leske’s composite, papillata, but not by any means equivalent to

papillata s. str. Indeed, there is no evidence that Linné ever saw

papillata s. str., for there is no specimen of that cidaroid among the

Linnean Kchini, and Lovén simply assumed that Linné had seen it.

I do not object to accepting #. cidaris, L., or C. papillata, Leske, as

the type of Cidaris, simply because it will upset Dorocidaris (the

motive Dr. Bather attributes to me), but because neither of those

species is identifiable.

Sm a

Miscellaneous. D333

As regards Gray’s paper (1825), I have not overlooked it, but I

did not (and I do not) see that it has any bearing on the point.

Although he established Diadema, he certainly did not revise

Cidaris, and he gives no type. He simply mentions C. imperialis,

Lamk., as an example of Cidaris, in contrast to Diadema, and the

International Code particularly says: ‘‘The meaning of the ex-

pression ‘select a type’ is to be rigidly construed. Mention of a

species as an illustration or example of a genus does not constitute

a selection of a type.” It seems to me absurd to suppose that

Brandt (1835) expected or intended that both his “Section A” and

“Section B” of Cidaris were to be called Phyllacanthus, as I under-

stand Dr. Bather maintains. While Brandt’s footnote is ambiguous,

it seems to me clear that he selected dubia (=imperialis) as the

type of Phyllacanthus, and tribuloides as the type of Section A,

which, as he gives it no name, he obviously expected would be

called Cidaris. However, there is room for difference of opinion

as to whether he really selected a type, so that it may be necessary

to seek the type of Cidarts among later writers. In that case we

reach the following simple conclusion: Dr. Bather agrees that

Leske’s “‘ species ” (or, more properly, ‘ group”) papillata includes

three species, and none of his other species are Cidaride at all.

These three species are imperialis, papillata s. str., and tribuloides.

Obviously one of these must be the type of Crdaris, and granting

that neither Gray nor Brandt designated a type, we find that Desor

in 1854 removed wmperialis to Lewocidaris (= Phyllacanthus), and

A. Agassiz in 1869 removed papillata s. str. to Dorocidaris. Conse-

quently tribuloides alone remains to be the type of Cidarvs.

My whole contention is simply for stability of nomenclature.

The names accepted by Alexander Agassiz after most exhaustive

study and published in his classic ‘ Revision of the Echini’ have

been universally accepted until within the past five years, except

in so far as Lovén’s critical study of the Linnean Kchini (1887)

necessitated a few changes. But Lovén’s work does not affect any

of the Cidaridx, and I maintain that no reasonable and unquestion-

able application of our now generally accepted Code of Nomenclature

requires the overturning and confusion of the commonly used names

in that family, such as results from the attempt to make some other

species than tribuloides the type of Cidarvs.

Hoserrt Lyman Crarg,

Museum of Comparative Zoology,

Cambridge, Mass.,

April 3, 1908.

The Oahow: Discovery in Bermuda of Fossil Bones and Feathers

supposed to belong to the Hatinct Bird called ‘* Cahow” by the

early Settlers. By A, E. Vurrixt.

In a letter just received from Mr. Louis Mowbray, who is now in

charge of the new Marine Biological Station and Aquarium at

Bermuda, he tells of his recent very important and interesting

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. i. 35

od: Miscellaneous.

discovery of remains of the mysterious cahow, which the writer, in

several former articles *, has considered an extinct bird, unknown _

to zoologists, while others have tried to identify it with the shear-

water (Puffinus obscurus or audubont), which still breeds at Bermuda

in small numbers.

The following is an extract from Mr. Mowbray’s letter :—

*‘ T have found the bones of the Cahow, together with feathers

answering identically the description of ‘russet colour and white’

[the colours mentioned by the writers of 1612-20]. The bird is

closely related to the petrels. The beak is sharp, hooked. The

cnemial process of the tarsus is well developed, more so than in

Puffinus obscurus, of which I have also taken several pairs. The

bones found certainly do not belong to the shearwaters. I have

found the beak and bones of the shearwater in the same locality,

and they can easily be separated one from the other. I found the

bones in a cave, some of them buried 3 inches deep in the calcite of

the floor, which will testify as to their age. The feathers are

imbedded from 51, to + of an inch under the surface of a large

stalactite. By holding the stalactite to the light one can see five or

six feathers imbedded, with the shafts of the feathers all pointing

one way downward.

‘‘The cave is a new one, found only a few months ago. I had

the pleasure of exploring it thoroughly, and found many skeletons.

When the different bones are selected, I think almost the whole

skeleton can be made up. Measuring the stained portion of the

snow-white calcite floor around the bones, I should say that the

bird was about 12 to 14 inches long, not more. I hope the finding

of these remains may interest you.... The Aquarium is proving a

great success. The Biological Station is getting into fine shape.

(Signed) “ Louis L. Mowsray.”

“Hamilton, Berm.,

March 15, 1908.”

This remarkable discovery ought to settle the status of the cahow,

when the bones have been carefully studied by an expert osteologist.

The fact that the bird discovered is distinct from the shearwater,

found with it, is of itself an important point. The colours of the

cahow seem to have been similar to those of the exceedingly rare, if

not extinct, “ Scaled Petrel.”—Amer. Journ. Sez., April 1908, p. 361.

(Communicated by the Author.)

* “The Story of the Cahow, the Mysterious Extinct Bird of the Ber-

mudas,” Popular Science Monthly, lx. pp. 23-80 (1901) ; and ‘ Zoology

of Bermuda,’ vol. 1.

“The Cahow of the Bermudas, an Extinct Bird,” Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. ix. pp. 26-31 (1902).

‘The Bermuda Islands,’ vol. i. p. 260, ed. 2, Supplement, p. 572 (1907).

For the adverse view, H. B. Tristram, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ix,

June 1902, p. 447,

539

INDEX to VOL. I.

ACANTHODELTA, characters of the

new genus, 487.

Acanthothrips, new species of, 362.

Achilognathus, new species of, 150,

Acroriodes, new species of, 303.

Afrodonta, characters of the new

genus, 133.

Agathodes, new species of, 480.

Altum’s squirrel names, on, 127,

Ambia, new species of, 490,

Anaplecta, new species of, 157.

Anathresa, characters of the new

genus, 25.

Andersen, K., on four little-known

names of Chiropteran genera,

431.

Anolis, new species of, 112.

Aonyx, new subspecies of, 588,

Apachys, new species of, 51.

Apisthocalamus, new species of,

248.

Apodemus, new species of, 447,

Apulia, characters of the new

genus, 525,

Archeocidaris, note on the name,

208.

Archernis, new species of, 491.

Archiblatta, new species of, 160.

Arenicola, note on species of, 382.

Arius, new species of, 154.

Armandia, new British species of,

376.

Arrow, G. J., on the genus Oniti-

cellus, 178; on new species of

Mimela, 241.

Arvicola. new species of, 195,

Atractus, new species of, 114.

Austen, E. E., on new African

phlebotomic diptera, 209, 401 ;

on the synonymy and systematic

position of some species of

Tabanides, 344,

Bagnall, R. 8., on some new and

curious Thysanoptera from Papua,

505; on a new terrestrial isopod,

428,

Bantua, characters of the new genus,

165.

Bather, F. A., on the echinoid name

Cidaris, 284.

Belomys, characters of the new

genus, 2; new species of, 7,

Benham, Dr. W. B., on an erroneous

echinodermal identification, 104.

Bicodes, characters of the new

genus, 16.

Blattidee, new genera and species of,

157

Books, new :—Patterson’s Wild Life

on a Norfolk Estuary, 124;

Scharff’s European Animals: their

Geological History and Geo-

eraphical Distribution, 207.

Boulenger, C. L., on the occurrence

of the hydroid Cordylophora in

Egypt, 492.

Boulenger, G. A., on new S.-

American reptiles, 111; on the

ophidian genus HEmydocephalus,

231; on a new species of Apistho-

calamus, 248; on a new elapine

snake from Australia, 333.

Brachiopod nomenclature, notes on,

444,

586

Buckman, 8. §., on the genera of

Stephanoceras and allies, 145; on

the Terebratule of the Crag, 444 ;

on brachiopod homceomorphy,

451.

Burchell, William John, on the

collections of, inthe Hope Museum,

33.

Burr, M., revision of the Neso-

gastrin, 42; on new and little-

known species of Forficularia, 47 ;

on the genus Apachys, 51.

Byrne, L. W., on new deep-sea

fishes from Ireland, 86.

Cabrera, A., on Muscardinidee from

the Iberian Peninsula, 188.

Cadicera, new species of, 209.

Cahow, on the, of Bermuda, 533.

Calman, Dr. W. T., on plankton

crustacea from New Zealand, 282 ;

on a stridulating-organ in certain

African river-crabs, 469.

Calymniodes, new species of,

300.

Cardax, characters of the new genus,

160.

Ceratina, new species of, 340.

-Cestraciontidee, synopsis of

family, 498.

Chabuata, new species of, 292,

Cheetognatha, on plankton, from

‘New Zealand, 240.

Chelynia, new species of, 339.

Chionomys, characters of the new

subgenus, 97.

Chiroptera, on the missing premolar

of the, 346; notes on some generic

names in, 431. ;

Chytonix, new species of, 301.

Cidaris, remarks on the genus, 284,

532.

Clarias, new species of, 151.

Olark, H. L., on the type of Cidaris,

532.

Cleridee, on a new genus and species

of, 95.

Cockerell, T. D, A., descriptions and

records of bees, 259, 337.

Coelioxys, new species of, 342.

Coleoptera new, 16, 95, 141, 178,

241, 279.

Conus, new species of, 465.

Cordylophora, on the occurrence of,

in Egypt, 492.

Corizoneura, new species of, 55.

Cropia, new species of, 296.

the

INDEX.

Crustacea, on plankton, from New

Zealand, 240; new, 234, 280, 307,

350, 363, 428. ;

Culladia, new species of, 474.

Cyllene, new species of, 141. i

Cynocephalus, new species of, 189.

Cyrestis, new species of, 61.

Cyrtapis, characters of the new

genus, 339.

Cyrtotria, synoptical key to the

genus, 168; new species of, 173.

Cyttosoma, new species of, 91.

Dactylopsila, new species of, 122.

Dascuplexia, new species of, 296.

Dasychira, new species of, 66.

Deilemera, new species of, 63, 485.

Delta, new species of, 302.

Dexamine thea, on the male of,

ils bres

Diemenia, new species of, 334,

Dieropsis, characters of the new

genus, 95.

Diptera, new, 54, 209, 268, 311,

401.

Distant, W. L., on a new longicorn

beetle from S. Africa, 279; rhyn-

chotal notes, 515.

Druce, H., on new Noctuide from

Peru, 289.

Dufourea, new species of, 337.

Dysphania, new species of, 67.

Kichinodermal identification, on an

erroneous, 104.

ee note on the generic name,

431.

Eleotris, new species of, 156.

Eliomys, remarks on species of,

188.

pas anes note on the genus,

Knnea, new species of, 180.

ee new species of,

Eremnodes, characters of the new

genus, 31. :

Hriopus, new species of, 303.

Hriopyga, new species of, 294.

Kublemma, new species of, 489.

Eumenia jeffreysii, note on, 380.

Euonyx, characters of the new

genus, 19.

Euxoa, new species of, 482.

Evans, Sir J., on recent discoveries

of paleolithic instruments, 452.

rer new species of, 194,

INDEX.

Fishes, new, 86, 109, 149, 153, 370,

372.

Flying-lemurs, on the nomenclature

of the, 252.

Forcipula, new species of, 47.

Forficularia, notes on the, 42, 47,

51.

Fowler, Dr. G. H., on plankton

Chetognatha from New Zealand,

240.

Funisciurus, new subspecies of, 305.

Gahan, C. J., on a new genus and

species of Cleridz, 95; on N.-

American Longicornia, 140.

Galaxias, new species of, 372.

Galeopterus, definition of the new

generic name, 254.

Geological Society, proceedings of

the, 125, 282, 450, 531.

Glaucomys, characters of the new

subgenus, 5.

Glis glis, new subspecies of, 198.

Glyphodes, new species of, 479.

Glyptosternum, new species of, 110,

Gobio, new species of, 110.

Godwin-Austen, Lt.-Col. H. H., on

the anatomy of the genera Afro-

donta and Peltatus, 129.

Gonodes, new species of, 298.

Gorals, on the generic names of the,

183.

Gregory, Dr. J. W., on the name

Archeocidaris, 208.

Grose-Smith, H., on two new forms’

of Papilio, 116.

Gymnostomus, new species of, 109,

149.

Hematopota, new species of, 58,

218, 401.

Hammar, A. G., on the type speci-

men of Helminthophis wilderi

from Brazil, 334.

Hampson, Sir G. F., on the moths

collected during the cruise of the

Valhalla, 474.

Haptomerus, new species of, 24.

Helicarion, new species of, 183.

Helminthophis wilderi, on the type

specimen of, 534.

Heriades, new species of, 338.

Heterogramma, new species of, 370.

Holt, EK. W. L., on new deep-sea

fishes from Ireland, 86.

Homoptera, new, 5L5,

Huene, Baron F. von, on phyto-

saurian remains from the magnesian

conglomerate of Bristol, 228.

‘Lorises, on the

537

Hyalobathra, new species of, 480.

Hylopetes, characters of the new

subgenus, 6,

Hymenoptera, new, 259, 337, 497.

Hyssia, new species of, 292,

Ichthyosauria, on the extremity of

the tail in, 436; on the inter-

locking of the neural arches in,

441,

Ilema, new species of, 475.

Iomys, characters of the new genus,

Isbarta, new species of, 64.

Ischikavia, new species of, 150,

Ischnoptera, new species of, 157.

Kaliella, new species of, 188.

Kolla, new species of, 530.

Koonunga, characters of the new

genus, 353.

Labia nigroflavida, description of

the male of, 48.

Lemonema, new species of, 87.

Leeds, E. T., on Metriorhynehus

brachyrhynchus from the Oxford

clay, 581.

Lemur tardigradus, on the nomen-

clature of, 467.

Lepidoblepharis, new species of,

Lepidoptera, on the, collected by

W. J. Burchell in Brazil, 33;

new, 60, 116, 289, 474.

Leptocheirus, new species of, 307.

Leptognathus, new species of, 115.

Leptostylis, new species of, 234,

Lepus, new species of, 449,

Leslie, T. N., on fossil plants from

S. Africa, 283.

Leucosigma, new species of, 302.

Liobagrus, new species of, 152,

Liophis, new species of, 114,

Loligo media, note on, 336.

Longicornia, notes on N.-American,

nomenclature of

certain, 467.

Lutra, new species of, 390,

Lyela, characters of the

genus, 60.

Lyon, M. W., on mammals from the

Batu Islands, 137,

Macapta, new species of, 298.

M‘Intosh, Prof., on a tumour in a

plaice, 878; on the _ British

Opheliide, Scalibregmide, and

Telethusee, 875; on the same

families of Annelids from the

new

538

‘Porcupine’ expeditions and from

Norway, 383, 387.

Macrothrips, characters of the new

genus, 359.

Malosomus, new species of, 29.

Mammals, new, 1, 68, 99, 122, 189,

178, 198, 194, 255, 303, 349, 387,

447,

Man, Dr. J. G. de, on a species of

Palemon from Sydney, 863.

Marshall, G. A. K., synoptic revision

of the ‘Tanyrrhynchine, 9.

- Massy, Miss A. L., on Loligo media,

336.

Mazama, new species of, 349,

Mecynothrips, characters of the new

genus, 306.

Megachile, new species of, 259.

Megaccelus, new species of, 279.

Megalosaurian tibia from Wilmcote,

on a, 257.

Melapera, characters of the new

genus, 488.

Meliana, new species of, 295.

Melvill, J. C., on the S.-African

species and varieties of Pupa, 70;

on new S8.-African terrestrial mol-

lusea, 129.

Mollusca, new, 73, 129, 465.

Monaxonida, on a new genus and

_ species of, 395.

Monodes, new species of, 299.

Microtus, new species of, 100.

nivalis group, on the recent

voles of the, 97, 197.

Migas, characters of the

genus, 399.

Miller, G. S., on two new mammals

from Asia Minor, 68; on the recent

voles of the Microtus nivalis

group, 97; on Altum’s squirrel

names, 127; on eighteen new

European voles, 194.

Mimela, new species of, 241.

Miselia, new species of, 289.

Mus, new species of, 255.

Muscardinides, on Iberian, 188.

Muscardinus, new species of, 69.

Myzine, new species of, 498.

Nacoleia, new species of, 478.

WWemorhedus, note on the genus,

183.

Naranga, new species of, 476.

Nastomma, characters of the new

genus, 33.

Neocalymnia, new species of, 302.

Neomys, new species of, 68.

new

INDEX.

Neosilurus, new species of, 153.

Nesogaster, new species of, 45.

Noctuidee, new Peruvian, 289.

Norman, Canon A. M., on some

species of Leptocheirus, 307. _

Nyctalus, note on the generic name,

434,

Nyctipao, new species of, 66.

Obrium, new species of, 142.

Onega, characters of the new

genus, 528.

Oneirodes, new species of, 93.

Oniticellus, new species of, 179.

Ophelia, note on species of, 3875,

385

Opheliide, notes on the family, 375.

Orthoptera, new, 45, 47, 51, 157.

Ourebia, new species of, 178.

Paleemon, on a probable new species

of, from Sydney, 363.

Pangonia, new species of, 54, 212.

Papilio, new species of, 116.

Pareumelea, new species of, 68.

Parnassius, new species of, 116.

Patience, A., on the male of Dexa-

mine thea, 117; on a new British

terrestrial isopod, 280.

Patissa, new species of, 489.

Peltatus, characters of the new

genus, 131.

Pentateucha, characters of the new

genus, 61,

Perigea, new species of, 297.

Perispheriinz, on the form of the

pronotum in, 162.

Petaurillus, characters of the new

genus, 3; new species of, 8.

Petaurista nitida, on the subspecies

of, 250.

Petinomys, characters of the new

subgenus, 6.

Philoscia, new species of, 428.

Phytosaurian remains from the mag-

nesian conglomerate of Bristol, on,

228.

Pilema, new species of, 166.

Pilocrocis, new species of, 490.

Pionea, new species of, 484,

Pitymys, new species of, 202,

Plaice, on a tumour in a, 378.

Plankton, on a small collection of,

from New Zealand, 282.

Platysilpha, characters of the new

genus, 175,

Plesia, new species of, 502.

Pocock, R. I., on the generic names

of the serows and gorals, 183.

INDEX.

Polychrus, new species of, 1183.

Polyophthalmus pictus, on the occur-

rence of, in Britain, 377.

Pompelon, new species of, 64.

- Ponsonby, J. H., on the S.-African

species and varieties of Pupa, 70 ;

on new 8.-African terrestrial mol-

lusca, 129.

Potamonide, on a stridulating-organ

in, 469.

Protagonista, characters of the néw

genus, 158.

Protomelecta, characters of the new

genus, 341],

Pseudechinus, new species of, 104.

Pseudobagrus, new species of, 151.

Pteromyscus, characters of the new

genus, 3; new species of, 7.

Pteronotus, note on the generic name,

431.

Pupa, on the S.-African species and

varieties of, 70.

Pyrausta, new species of, 492.

Regan, C. T., on new freshwater

fishes from China and Japan, 109,

149; on new freshwater fishes

from British New Guinea, 1538;

on anew species of Heterogramma,

370; ona new species of Galaxias,

372; synopsis of the sharks of the

family Scyliorhinide, 453; synop-

sis of the sharks of the family

Cestraciontidee, 493.

Reptiles, new, 111, 248, 335.

Rhizotype, new species of, 296,

Rhombatractus, new species of, 156.

Rhynchotal notes, 515.

Ricardo, Miss G., on new species of

Tabanide, with notes on some

Heematopota, 54; on new species

of Tabani from Africa and Mada-

gascar, 268, 311.

Richardson, L., on the inferior oolite

of the Bath-Doulting district, 126 ;

of the Rissington district, 126.

Rileya platyodon, remarks on, 228.

Salmacis globator, note on, 104.

Sanders, Miss C. B., on the Lepido-

ptera collected by W. J. Burchell

in Brazil, 33.

Sayce, O..A., on a new remarkable

crustacean, 350.

Scalibregmide, notes on the family,

379.

Sciuropterus, revision of the genus, 1.

Sciurus vulgaris, on the nomen-

clature of, 127,

539

Scyliorhinide, synopsis of the family,

453.

Seeley, Prof. H. G., on the extremity

of the tail in Ichthyosauria, 436 ;

on the interlocking of the neural

arches in Ichthyosauria, 441.

Serows, on the generic names of the,

183.

Serpa, characters of the new genus,

529

Seward, Prof. A. C., on fossil plants

from S. Africa, 282, 283.

Shelford, R., on some new genera

and species of Blattide, 157.

Sibly, T. F’., on the faunal succession

in the carboniferous limestone of

the Midland area, 450.

Sollas, Miss I. B. J., on the inclusion

of foreign bodies by sponges and on

anew genus and species of Monax-

onida, 395.

Sowerby, G. B., on a new species of

Conus, 465.

Sponges, on the inclusion of foreign

bodies by, 395.

Squirrel names, on Altum’s, 127,

Stephanoceras and allies, on the

genera of, 145,

Stopes, Miss M.C., on the flora of

the inferior oolite of Brora, 126.

Stridulating-organ in certain river-

crabs, on a, 469.

Strongylopsalis, remarks on the ge-

nus, 49.

Swinhoe, Col. C., on new Eastern

Lepidoptera, 60.

Sylepta, new species of, 478, 491.

Synaptocephalus, new species of, 20.

Syntomis, new species of, 62.

Tabanidex, new, 54, 209, 268, 3811,

401; on the synonymy and syste-

matic position of some species of,

344.

Tabanus, new species of, 222, 268,

311, 426; notes on species of, 346,

Tanyrrhynchine, synoptic revision of

the, 9.

Tarache, new species of, 483.

Telethusz, notes on the family, 382.

Terebratule of the Crag, on the, 444,

Tettigoniella, new species of, 517.

Thalassodes, new species of, 66.

Thomas, O., on the genera and sub-

genera of the Sciuropterus group, 1;

on the species of the genus Dacty-

lopsila, 122 ; on a new oribi from

British East Africa, 177; on the

540

flying-squirrels referred to. Petau-

rista nitida, 250; on the nomen-

clature of the flying-lemurs, 252 ;

on the missing premolar of the —

Chiroptera, 346 ; on a new deer of

the broeket group, 349; on African

and S.-American otters, 387; on

new Asiatic Apodemus, Evotomys,

and Lepus, 447; on the nomen-

clature of certain Lorises, 467.

Thrinchostoma, new species of, 343.

Thysanoptera, on some new and

curious, from Papua, 355.

Trachycystis, new species of, 135.

Travisia, new species of, 383.

Trichogonia, new species of, 515.

Trichoniscus, new species of, 280.

~— Umzila,

INDEX.:.

Turner, R. E., on the hymenopterous

genera Myzine and Plesia, 497.

characters of the new -

genus, 27, . |

Vampyrum, note on the generic

name, 431.

Verrill, A. E., on the cahow of Ber-

muda, 533.

Woodward, Dr. A. S., on a megalo-

saurian tibia from Wilmcote, 257.

Wroughton, R. C., on a new oribi

from British East Africa, 177; on

new African species of Mus, 255;

on mammals from Northern Gaza-

land, 308.

Xylocopa, new species of, 338.

END OF THE FIRST VOLUME.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,

RED LION COURT, FLEET STRHRT,