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https://archive.org/detaiis/annaismagazineof1919unse

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

INCLUDING

ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, and GEOLOGY.

(being a continuation op the ‘annals’ combined with LOUDON AND

CHARLESWORTII’S ‘ MAGAZINE OP NATURAL HISTORY.’)

CONDUCTED BY

ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S.,

WILLIAM CARRUTHERS, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.,

AND

WILLIAM FRANCIS, F.L.S.

VOL. XIX.— SEVENTH SERIES.

LONDON:

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS.

SOLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT, AND CO., LD. ;

BAILLIERE, PARIS: HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., DUBLIN :

AND ASHER, BERLIN.

1907.

r

“Omnes res creatso sunt divinaj sapientiaj et potentise testes, divitiaj felicitatis

hurnanae: — ex harum usu honitas Creatoris; ex pulchritudino sapientia Domini ;

ex oeconomia in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Eanim itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper acstimata ;

h vero eruditis et sapientibus semper oxculta ; male doctis et barbaris semper

inimica fuit.” — Linnaeus.

“ Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu’elle est le chef-d’eeuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses operations.” — Buuckner, ThSorie du 8ysteme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

The sylvan powers

Obey our summons ; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed.

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep : the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide : the frozen poles.

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread.

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Taylor, Norwich, 1818,

aces ubrary

CONTENTS OF VOL. XIX.

[SEVENTH SERIES,]

NUMBER CIX.

Page

I. Descriptions of new Pyralidce of the Subfamilies Hydrocampince

and Scopariancs. By Sir George E. Hampson, Bart., B.A.,

’F.Z.S., &c

1

II. On some new Species of Blattidce in the Oxford and Paris

Museums. By R. Shelford, M.A., E.L.S 25

III. New Eastern, Australian, and African Heterocera. By

Colonel C. Swinhoe, M.A., F.L.S., &c 49

IV. Descriptions of Six new Species of Coleoptera from New

Zealand. By Major T. Broun, F.E.S 66

V. Descriptions of Three new Fishes from Yunnan, collected by

Mr. J. Graham. By C. Tate Regan, B.A 63

VI. Diagnoses of new Central- American Freshwater Fishes of

the Families CyprmodontidcB and Mugilidcs. By C. Tate Regan,

B.A 64

VII. A Contribution towards a Knowledge of the Entozoa of

British Marine Fishes.— Part I. By William Nicoll, M.A.,

B.Sc., Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. (Plates I.-IV.) . . 66

VIII. Descriptions of Fifteen Terrestrial Mollusca from South

Africa. By James Cosmo Melvill, M.A., F.L.S., and John

Henry PoNSONBY, F.Z.S. (Plate VI.) 94

IX. On Three Mollusk-infesting Trematodes. By Marie V.

IjEBOUR, B.Sc., Armstrong College, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. (Plates

Vlt. & VHI.) 102

0

103468

IV

CONTENTS.

Page

X. Preliniinary Diagnoses of Six new Mysidoi from tlie West

Coast of Ireland. Dy W. M. Tattersall, H.Sc., Department of

Agriculture and Technical Instruction, Fisheries Branch, Dublin . . 106

XI. On further new Mammals obtained by the Ruwenzori Expe-

dition. By Oldfield Thomas 118

XII. Note on Ochotona {Conothoa) aurita, Blanf., from Ladak.

By J. Lewis Boniiote, M.A 124

XIII. On Two new Parasitic Coleoptera (Fam. Staphylinidce)

from South America. By Gilbert J. Arrow, F.E.S 125

New Books : — Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea in the

Collection of the Indian Museum. Part III. Macrura.

Fasciculus 1. The Prawns of the Peneus Group. By A.

Alcock, M.B., LL.D., C.I.E., F.R.S. — A Treatise on Zoology.

Edited by E. Ray Lankester, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. Part V.

Mollusca. By Paul Pelseneer, D.Sc 127

Note of Correction : Parorchis, n. nom., for Zeugorchis, Nicoll, 1906,

by Win. Nicoll, M.A., I3.Sc., Gatty Marine Laboratory, St.

Andrews 128

4

NUMBER CX.

XIV. On the Bats of the Family Meg ader mat idee. By Knud

Andersen and R. C. Wroughton 129

XV. Note on the Crab Hymenosoma depressum, Jacquinot and

Lucas. By Charles Chilton, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., Professor of

Biology, Canterbury College, New Zealand. (Plate V.) 146

XVI. Descriptions of new Species of Trochomorpha, Cochlostyla,

Ampliidromus, Bulimulus, Brymeeus, Placostylus, Stenogyra, Lepto-

poma, Cyelophornis, Cyclotus, and Alycceus. By Hugh C. Fulton.

(Plates IX. & X.) 149

XVII. Notes on Papuina and Pupina. By Hugh C. Fulton . . 158

XVIII. Description of a new Cyprinoid Fish, Acheilognathus

signifer, from Korea, with a Synopsis of all the known Rhodeince.

By L. S. Berg (St. Petersburg) 159

XIX. Description of a new Cyprinoid Fish, Paraleucogohio nota-

canthus, from N. China. By L. S. Berg (St. Petersburg) 163

XX. Description of a new Species of Eulota from Formosa. By

G. K. Gude, F.Z.S 164

XXI. On some undescribed Phytophagous and Parasitic Hynieno-

ptera from the Oriental Zoological Region. By P. Cameron .... 166

CONTENTS.

V

Page

XXII, On tho Black-and-tan Pattern of Domestic Dogs {Cams

familiaris). By li. I. Pococx, P.L.S., F.Z.S., Superintendent of

the Zoological Society’s Gardens 192

XXIII. Seminiila'. a Note by Arthur Vaughan, B.A., D.Sc.,

F.G.S ■ 194

Neio Book: — Illustrations of British Blood-sucking Flies, with

Notes by Ernest Edward Austen 199

Proceedings of the Geological Society 200

NUMBER CXI.

XXIV. New Species of Eastern Heterocera. By Colonel C.

SwiNHOE, M.A., F.L.S., &c 201

XXV. Notes on Scorpions, with Descriptions of Two new Species.

By A. S. Hirst 208

XXVI. Descriptions of Three new Lizards and a new Frog, dis-

covered by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Angola. By G. A. Boulenger,

F.R.S 212

XXVII. Diagnoses of new Species of Corhula and Bithinella from

Lower Bengal. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S 215

XXVIII. Descriptions of Nine new Species of Land-Shells from

New Caledonia. By II. B. Preston, F.Z.S 217

XXIX. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Sijntomid<B,

Arctiadce, A qaristidce. and Noctuidce. By Sir George F. Hampson,

Bart., F.Z.S. 221

XXX. Descriptions of Six new Freshwater Fishes from Mexico

and Central America. By C. Tate Regan, B.A 258

XXXI. Descriptions of Two newCharacinid Fishes from Argentina.

By C. Tate Regan, B.A 261

XXXII. On some new Species of Chrysochloris. By R. Broom,

M.D., D Sc., C.M.Z.S 262

XXXIII. New Species of Sphegidce from Australia. By R. E.

Turner 268

NUMBER CXII.

XXXIV. Rhynchotal Notes. — XLI. By W. L. Distant 277

XXXV. On a Freshwater Decapod Crustacean collected by

W. J. Burchell at Para in 1829. By W. T. Calman, D.Sc.,

British Museum (Natural History) 295

VI

CONTENTS.

Pag®

XXX VI. Descriptions of new Species of Ileterocera belonging

to the Families SyntomidcB, Hypsid(X, CyllopodidcBf Dioptidce, and

Erateininm. By Herbert Druce, F.L.S. &c 299

XXXVII. On new Species of Histeridce and Notices of others.

By G. Lewis, F.L.S 311

XXXVlll. On a new Species of Karschia from Tibet. By A. S.

Hirst 322

XXXIX. Descriptions of Three new Snahes discovered by Mr. G.

L. Bates in South Cameroon. By G. A. Boui.enger, F.ll.S 324

XL. The Synonymy and Generic Position of certain Species of

Miiscidce {sens, lat.) in the Collection of the British Museum,

described by the late Francis Walker. By Ernest E. Austen . . 326

XLI. Some new Species and Genera of Lamellicorn Coleoptera

from the Indian Empire. By Gilbert J. Arrow 347

Neio Book : — Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British

Museum. Vol. VI. (Catalogue of Noctuidse, Vol. HI.) 360

NUMBER CXIH.

XLII. Descriptions and Records of Bees. — XIII. By T. D. A.

Cockerell, University of Colorado 361

XLHI. New Mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo, mostly

from the Collections made during the Alexander-Gosling Expe-

Charles Chilton, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., Professor of Biology,

Canterbury College, New Zealand. (Plate XI.) 388

XLV. On Barbus aureus, Cope, from Natal. By G. A.

Boulenger, F.R.S 390

XLVI. Description of a new Cyprinid Fish of the Genus Laheo

from the Transvaal. By G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S 392

XLVII. Descriptions of Two new African Lizards of the Genus

Latastia, By G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S ib.

XLVIII. Description of a new Frog of the Genus Telmatohius

from Brazil. By G. A. Boulenger, E.R.S 394

XLIX. Rhyuchotal Notes. — XLII. By W. L. Distant 395

L. Some new Species and Genera of Lamellicorn Coleoptera from

the Indian Empire. By Gilbert J. Arrow. — Part II 416

LI. On a remarkable Mountain Viscacha from Southern Pata-

nonia, with Diagnoses of other Members of the Group. By Oldfield

Thomas 439

CONTENTS.

Vll

I’ago

IjII, On tlic Occurrence of the Edible Dormouse (Genus Glis) in

Sardinia. By Oldfield Thomas 444

LIII. A new Genus and Species of Phlebotomic MuscidtE from

Aden. By Ernest E. Austen 446

New Boohs: — Fishes of Japan, an Account principally on Economic

Species. By Keinosuke Otaki, Tsunenobu Fujita, and

Tadashi Higurashi. — The British Woodlice, being a Mono-

graph of the Terrestrial Isopod Crustacea occurring in the British

Islands. By Wilfred Mark Webb and Charles Sillem.

448, 450

Proceedings of the Geological Society 450, 451

Modern Helminthological Nomenclature, by Dr. von Linstow .... 451

NUMBER CXIV.

LIV. On the Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans. By

L. A. Borradaile, M.A., Lecturer in Natural Sciences at Selwyn

College, Cambridge 457

LV. Descriptions of new Lizards in the British Museum. By

G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S 486

LVI. On the Variations of Stereolepis gigas, a great Sea-Perch from

California and Japan. By G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S 489

LVn. On an African Barbel hitherto confounded with Barhus

trimaculatus, Peters. By G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S 492

LVni. Spirochceta {Trypanosoma) Balhianii (Certes), its Move-

ments, Structure, and Affinities ; and on the Occurrence of Spiro-

chceta anodontoe (Keysselitz) in the British Mussel, Anodonta cygnea.

By H. B. Fantham, B.Sc., Derby Research Scholar, University

College, London ; and St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School 493

LIX. On Pterocyon, Rousettus. and Myonyctei'is. By Knud

Andersen 601

LX. Notes on the Quagga and Burchell’s Zebra in the Paris

Museum. By R. I. Pocock, Superintendent of the Zoological

Society’s Gardens London 616

LXI. New Mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo, mostly

from the Collections made during the Alexander-Gosling Expe-

dition. By Oldfield Thomas, F.R.S., and R. C. Wroughton . . 620

LXII. On Two Spiders of the Genus Selenocosmia. By A. S.

Hirst 622

Vlll

CONTENTS.

Page

LXIII, Brachiopod Nomenclature : the Genotype of Terehratula.

Jiy S. S. Buckman, F.G.S. (Plate XII.) 525

LXIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees. — XIV. By T. D. A.

OocKEiiELL, University of Colorado 531

New Books : — The Crawfishes of the State of Pennsylvania. By

Dr. A. E. Ortmann. — A Natural History of the British

Butterflies, their World-wide Variation and Geographical

Distribution. A Textbook for Students and Collectors. By

J. W. Tutt, F.E.S. Vol. 1 540, 542

Index 543

PLATES IN VOL. XIX.

Entozoa of British marine fishes.

Ilymenosoma depressum.

Mollusca from South Africa.

Mollusk-infesting Trematodes.

New species of shells.

Phreatogammarus propinqiuis, sp. u.

Terehratula terehratula (Limio).

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATGEAL HISTOEY.

[SEVENTH SERIES.]

“ per litora spargite museum,

Naiades, et circixm vitreos coi^idite fontes :

Pollice virgineo teneros hie calrpite flores :

Floribus et pictum, divse, replete canistrura.

At VOS, o Nymp^iae Orataridei, itebub IxLdasi,

Ite, recurvato variata corallia truneo

Vellite museosis ^ rnpibug, dt m>lii eonehas

Ferte, Deaj pelagi, et pingui eonehyiia sueeo.”

N.Parthenii Giannettasi,T^Q\. 1.

No. 109. JANUARY 1907.

I. — Descriptions of new Pyralidse of the Subfamilies Hydro-

campinse and Scoparianse. By Sir George F. Hampson,

Bart., B.A., F.Z.S., &c.

[Concluded from vol. xviii. p. 472.] '

Genus Pseudlithosia, nov.

Palpi upturned, short, not reaching vertex of head,

smoothly scaled, the third joint moderate ; maxillary palpi

minute, filiform ; frons rounded ; antennse simple in both

sexes ; legs long and slender, the spurs short ; retinaculum

of male a corneous bar. Fore wing very long and narrow ;

vein 3 from angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6 from well

below upper angle ; 7 from angle ; 8, 9, 10 stalked from

long before angle. Hind wing with veins 3 and 5 separate,

4 absent ; 6 from upper angle ; 7 from well before upper

angle and anastomosing with 8.

(1.) Pseudtithosia Schausi, sp. n.

. Head and thorax black-brown ; abdomen fulvous-

brown. Fore wing black-brown. Hind wing pale brown.

Ann, (Sc Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 1

2

Sir G. F. IlaiYipson on new Pyralidse

? . Fore wing with diffused white scales forming traces of

antcmedial, medial, and subterminal bands.

Hah. Mexico, Jalisco, Guadalajara [Schaus), 1 $ type.

Exp., ^ 32, ? 40 mm. Type in Coll. Schaus.

(4.) Daulia argyrophoralis, sp. n.

Mid tibia of male without groove and tuft of hair ; fore

wing with vein 10 from cell or stalked with 8, 9.

Head and thorax ochreous tinged with brown ; fore legs

tinged with fuscous ; abdomen white slightly tinged with

ochreous. Fore wing ochreous yellow irrorated with a few

black scales, more thickly on disk ; a silvery fascia below

base of cell, then obliquely bent downwards to middle of

inner margin ; some silvery scales in middle and end of cell

and beyond discocellulars, on which there is a slight fulvous

lunule ; a silvery subtcrmihal slightly curved band defined

on each side by fine black lines; a narrow silvery terminal

band defined on inner side by a slight black line ; cilia

yellow at base, silvery white at tips. Hind wing uniform

ochreous white.

Hab. Argentina, Florenzia, Gran Chaco [S. R. Wagner),

2 c? ^ 1 $ type. Exp. 20 mm.

(4 a.) Luma flavimarginalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax orange-yellow ; palpi with the second

joint black above ; abdomen fuscous, the extremity and

ventral surface yellow. Fore wing fuscous brown with a

purplish gloss ; the base orange-yellow ; an orange-yellow

terminal baud expanding widely to costa, the outer edge of

brown area being strongly curved. Hind wing fuscous

brown with a slight purplish gloss ; an orange-yellow terminal

band expanding slightly to costa.

Hab. Ceylon, Maskeliya {Green, de Mowbray), 1 1 $

type. Exp., S' 28, $ 36 mm.

(6 a.) Luma holoxantha, sp. n.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow. Fore

wiDg uniform glossy yellow. Hind wing pale glossy yellow.

Hab. Mashon ALAND, Salisbury [Marshall), 1 ? type.

Exp. 30 mm.

(2.) Margarochroma fuscalis, sp. n.

Antennae annulate.

S . Black-brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of

3

of the Subfamily Ilydrocam pinse.

alxlomeii whitish ; wings mixed with greyish. Fore wing

with a pale siibterminal line, oblique with an inward curve

from costa to vein 5, then minutely dentate and indistinct

to tornus. Hind wing with indistinct minutely dentate

subterminal line.

Hab. Celebes, Bonthain, Mdrulaman, 2300' {Everett).

Exp. 14 mm. Type in Coll. Rothschild.

(6 a.) Draccenura chrysochroa, sp. n.

S . Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow ; palpi

white at base, black at tips ; lower part of frons blackish ;

pectus and ventral surface of abdomen white ; mid tibise

black at base. Fore wing orange-yellow, rather deepei

orange towards termen, the costa tinged with fuscous ; a

slight, dark, somewhat sinuous and oblique antemedial line ;

a black point in middle of cell and slender discoidal bar ; a

brown postmedial line, slightly bent outwards to costa, then

erect ; cilia black at base, grey at tips. Hind wing orange-

yellow, deeper orange towards termen; a slight obliquely

curved brown line from below middle of costa to above

tornus ; cilia black at base, white at tips.

Hab. S.W. New Guinea, Kapaur {Doherty) y 2 S type.

E.xp. 22 mm.

(6 b.) Bradina costalis, sp. n.

$ . White ; palpi brown at tips ; neck brown ; shoulders

with a brown stripe ; abdomen dorsally tinged with brown.

Fore wing with dark brown moderately broad costal fascia ;

both wings with diffused brown terminal band, narrowing to

a point at submedian fold of hind wing ; the cilia white.

Hab. Solomons, Guadalcanar. Exp. 26 mm. Type in

Coll. Rothschild.

(17 a.) Bradina glaucinalisy sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown, the last with

white segmental rings ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of

abdomen whitish. Fore wing pale glossy gf’ey-brown, with

traces of dark discoidal point and oblique postmedial line ; a

fine dark terminal line ; cilia broAvnish white, with dark line

at base. Hind wing uniform pale glossy grey-brown, with

fine dark terminal line ; cilia brown at base, whitish at tips.

Hab. New Guinea, Kapaur {Doherty), 1 c?, 1 ? type;

Solomons, Florida 1. {Meek), 1 ? . Exp. 22-30 mm.

) 1*

4

Sir G. F. Ilanipson on new Pyralldse

(18«.) Bradina dentalis, sp. n.

Pale silky brownish ochreous ; palpi and frons fuscous ;

anal tuft vvliite. Fore wing with the costal area suffused

with purplish fuscous ; an antemedial black line bent inwards

to costa ; a point in middle of cell and discoidal lunule ; a

minutely dentate postmcdial linc^ bent outwards below costa^

then oblique. Hind wing with oblique discoidal striga ; a

minutely dentate curved postmedial line.

Hab. Sum BA [Doherty) ; Selaru [Micholitz), 1 ^ type.

Exp. 22-24 mm.

(26 a.) Bradina pwniUalis, sp. n.

Ilead^ thorax, and abdomen grey tinged with brown and

irrorated with black ; palpi and legs banded with black ;

abdomen with dorsal black band before anal tuft. Fore

wing grey tinged with brown and irrorated with black ; the

costa blackish to beyond middle ; diffused black subbasal and

antemedial lines, the latter expanding into a patch below

cell ; a rather x -shaped black discoidal spot ; postmedial

line black, diffused, rather maculate, excurved between veins

5 and 3, then retracted to below end of cell ; a terminal

series of blackish striae. Hind wing grey suffused with

fuscous brown.

Hab. SuMBAWA [Doherty), 1 ^ type ; Pura [Doherty),

1 $ . Exp. 10 mm.

(27 a.) Bradina punctilinealis , sp. n.

(^ . Very pale yellow; abdomen dorsally tinged with

fuscous at middle. Fore wing with black point in middle

of cell and slight oblique discoidal lunule ; a curved post-

medial series of minute black streaks on the veins. Hind

wing with oblique postmedial series of minute dark streaks

on veins 6-2.

Hab. Fiji, Navua I. [de la Garde), 1 type. Exp.

22 mm.

\ ^(28 a.) Bradina neuralis, sp. n.

^ . Hel(id and thorax whitish tinged with brown ; palpi

black at tips ; antennae ringed with brown; fore tibiae and

tarsi banded with black ; abdomen white tinged with brown,

the terminal half dorsally banded with fuscous. Fore wing

white, the costal and apical areas suffused with cupreous

brown, the veins streaked with brown ; a dark spot on costa

of the Subfamily Ilydrocampina). 5

near base ; an elongate spot in middle of cell, n itb diffused

brown band from it to inner margin ; a dark discoidal spot ;

a dark postmedial line excurved between veins 5 and 2.

Hind wing white ; the veins stieaked with brown except at

base; a discoidal point; a postmedial line excurved between

veins 5 and 2 ; apical area suffused with brown, narrowing

to a point at vein 2.

Ilab. Samoa, Pago I. [de la Garde), 1 S type. Exp.

22 mm.

(30 a.) Bradina hemiphcealis , sp. n.

S . Head and thorax fuscous black ; pectus and abdomen

whitish suffused with fuscous brown. Fore wing deep

fuscous brown with slight dark irroration ; faint traces of

a darker discoidal spot and postmedial line excurved at

middle ; cilia rather paler fuscous brown. Hind wing white

slightly tinged with fuscous brown ; traces of a slightly

diffused postmedial line, excurved at median nervules, then

obsolete; a rather diffused fuscous terminal line from apex

to vein 2 ; cilia white, with faint brown line near base

towards apex ; the underside more strongly tinged with

fuscous brown, the costal area fuscous, the terminal area

suffused with fuscous.

Hah. Br. E. Africa, Kikuyu, Nairobi Plains [Crawskay) ,

1 S type. Exp. 30 mm.

(34.) Bradina purpurascens, sp. n.

$ . Deep purplish fuscous ; palpi below, pectus, and

ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing with oblique

antemedial black line, slightly angled on median nervure ;

a point in cell and discoidal lunule ; the postmedial line

slightly excurved below costa, oblique to vein 5, bent out-,

wards between veins 5 and 2, retracted to below end of cell,

and slightly excurved above inner margin, defined by white,

on outer side between costa and vein 5 ; the apical area

suffused with black. Hind wing with the postmedial line

bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to

below end of cell and excurved above inner margin; cilia

white at tips. Underside purplish grey.

Hah. Jamaica. Exp. 20 mm. Type in Coll. Rothschild.

(4.) Coptobasis lopkocera, sp. n.

Antennae of male without tuft and excision at base, the

shaft w'ith large tuft of hair at three fourths from base ; fore

G

Sir G. F. Ilampson on new Pyrallcise

femora and mid tibiae with tufts of hair ; bind tibiae flat-

tened, greatly eurved and shortened, the tibiae, spurs, and

tarsi with immensely developed tufts of hair.

$ . Uniform very dark brown ; palpi at base below, pectus,

legs, and ventral suii'ace of abdomen whitish ; fore tibiae

with fuscous band.

Hab. S. Celebes {Doherty), 1 S type. Eorp. 36 mm.

(5.) Ccelorhjncidia jmrpurea, sp. n.

Hind tibiae of male with tufts of hair on inner side and a

thickly scaled process on outer side at extremity.

Black suffused with brilliant purple; palpi and legs at

base and underside of abdomen white. Fore wing with

indistinct curved antemedial black line ; both wings with

discoidal spot ; the postmedial line exeurved from costa to

vein 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell. Hind wing

with the cilia white. Underside with the discoidal spots and

postmedial line defined by whitish.

Hab. Amboina {Dohey'ty), 1 ^ typ®- Exp. 24 mm.

(6.) Coelorhyncidia nitidalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen glossy grey slightly tinged

with brown ; palpi blackish, white below ; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen white; fore tibia at extremity

and terminal joints of tarsus black. Fore wing uniform

glossy grey slightly tinged with browm. Hind wing rather

paler glossy grey with a faint brown tinge; the underside

pure white.

Hab, New Guinea, Kapaur {Doherty), 1 $ , Milne Bay

{Meek)y 1 1 $ type. Exp., ^ 26, ? 30 mm.

(7.) Diathrausta cymialis, sp. n.

^ . Head and thorax cupreous brown ; palpi white below ;

pectus and legs whitish ; abdomen cupreous brown with

slight white segmental rings, the ventral surface white. Fore

wing cupreous brown irrorated with fuscous ; some white

scales below the cell near base ; antemedial line whitish

defined on each side by black scales, exeurved ; the medial

area somewhat whiter except costal area ; an obscure dark

spot at upper angle of cell; postmedial line white defined on

each side by black, oblique to vein 7, inw^ardly oblique to

vein 2, retracted to upper angle of cell, incurved and out-

wardly oblique to vein 1 and erect to inner margin ; a slight

white mark on costa towards apex ; termen blackish, with

some irregular white marks, the mark above vein 6 some-

7

of the Subfamily IIy(lrocampina3.

what dentate ; cilia cupreous at base, with black medial line

and whitish tips. Hind wing cupreous l)ro wn suffused in

parts with fuscous ; an indistinct blackish discoidal bar

defined on each side by whitish ; a whitish line from lower

angle oC cell to inner margin defined on each side by black;

a curved white postmedial line defined on each side by blaek ;

a white subterminal line defined on each side by black, ex-

curved from costa to discal fold, where it is interrupted, then

oblique, and ending on termen at vein 1 ; cilia cupreous at

base, with black medial line and whitish tips.

Hab. Brazil, Castro Parana (Jones), 1 S fype. Exp.

16 mm.

(2.) Deuteropliysa micralis, sp. n.

Antenme of male annulate ; fore wing with the apex not

produced and without fovea above vein 7.

Purplish grey; palpi fuscous, wdiite at base; legs

whitish ; wings glossy, whth very fine striae. Fore wing with

the first line almost medial, fine, brown, somewhat oblique

from eosta to submedian fold, where it is slightly bent

inwards; postmedial line brown, eurved ; cilia dark brown.

Hind wing with slight discoidal striga ; a faint line from

beyond lower angle of cell to inner margin ; an obliquely

eurved line from costa beyond middle to termen at sub-

median fold ; cilia reddish at base, followed by a black line

and white tips ; the underside whitish.

Hab. Jamaica, Runaway Bay [Walsingham), 1 type.

Exp. 12 mm.

Genus Lasiogyia, nov.

Palpi porrect, straight, the second joint about twice length

of head and fringed with hair above, the third about length

of head ; frons with pointed conical prominence ; antennae

minutely ciliated ; fore femora and tibiae of male fringed

with rough hair above, the first tarsal joint very long and

the joints fringed with very long hair on both sides; abdo-

men long, with slight lateral expansion towards extremity.

Fore wing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell ; 4, 5 from

angle ; 7 straight and well separated from 8, 9, 10. Hind

wing with the cell short ; vein 3 from close to angle ; 4, 5

somewhat approximated for a short distance ; 6, 7 from upper

angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

(1.) Lasiogyia xanthozonata, sp. n.

S . Head and thorax orange-fulvous, with patches of pale

yellow on head, tegulse, patagia, and metathorax ; fore legs

8

Sir G. F. Ilampson on new Pyralulse

■with the tufts brown ; abdomen orange, 'v\dth pale yellow

dorsal band on first segment and segmental white lines on

the others. Fore wing fuscous, bceoming fulvous at margins ;

a yellow spot at base; a broad yellow medial band with

waved edges, contracting somewhat below the cell. Hind

wing fuscous, the inner area yellowish; a medial yellow

band, with two small teeth on its outer edge beyond lower

angle of cell ; cilia fulvous.

Hub. N. Guinea, Fergusson I. [Meek). Exp. 22 mm.

Type in Coll, llothschild.

(3 o.) Stenia desertalis, sp. n.

$ . Ilead and thorax ochreous tinged with brown ; palpi

rufous, wdiite below ; antennae ringed ~ brown and white ;

abdomen white. Fore wing ochreous white irrorated with

brown and faintly tinged with rufous towards costa ; a dark

diffused antemedial line, oblique from costa to below cell and

obsolescent towards costa; a slight dark discoidal lunnle; post-

medial line rather diffused, obliquely excurved from costa to

below angle of cell, then erect ; a slight dark terminal line ;

cilia white, with faint dark lines at middle and tips. Hind

wing white, wdth traces of postmedial line towards costa and

slight terminal line ; the underside with slight dark spot at

upper angle of cell and diffused postmedial line from costa

to vein 5, then slight and excurved to vein 2.

Hub. Cape Colony, Zuurberg [Bair stow), 1 ? type.

Exp. 24j mm.

[7 a.) Stenia costalis, sp. n.

JjlepharomastLv colubralis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am,, Het, ii. p. 2G8

(part.), iiec Guen.

Wliite ; palpi and vertex of head fuscous ; patagia with

fuscous spots ; abdomen dorsally suffused wdth fuscous

except towards base, leaving white segmental rings. Fore

wing with the costal area fuscous brown; a dark antemedial

line obsolescent towards inner margin ; a point in middle of

cell and discoidal lunule ; the postmedial line bent outw^ards

between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below end of cell

and sinuous to inner margin ; a terminal series of dark points.

Hind wing with fuscous discoidal spot ; the postmedial line

bent outwards between veins 5 and 4, then retracted to

below end of cell and ending at tornus, obsolescent except

towards costa; a terminal series of points.

Hab. Guatemala, Vera Paz 2 S type; Costa

Bica, Irazu [Rogers), 2 S > Goduian-Salvin Coil. ; Colombia,

R. Dagua [Rosenberg) . Exp. 26 mm.

of the Subfamily Ilydrocamplnce.

(7 b.) Stenia semifascalis , sp. n.

"White ; liead, front of thorax, and abdomen dorsally

fuscons except at base. Fore wing with the costal half fuscous,

expanding on terminal area to tornus ; a dark antemedial

line, obsolete towards inner margin ; a point in cell and

discoidal lunule ; a line from vein 2 below end of cell to

inner margin; a nearly straight line from costa beyond

middle to tornus ; a fine pale line at base of cilia. Hind

wing with discoidal point ; a fine postmedial line bent out-

wards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below end of

cell and obsolescent ; the apex tinged with fuscous.

Hab. Ecuador, Cachabe [Rosenberg) , 1 1 ? ; Paramba

[Rosenberg) , 1 S type. Exp. 22-26 mm.

(7 c.) Stenia interruptalis , sp. n.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with brown ;

palpi black above, white below. Fore wung white, the costal

area suffused wdth fuscous brown, at base extending to

median nervure ; the apical area broadly fuscous brown down

to vein 3, the white extending to termen between vein 3 and

submedian fold, the tornal area fuscous broAvn to near post-

medial line ; an indistinct erect brown antemedial line ; a

small brown annulus in middle of cell; a brown discoidal

lunule with white centre ; postmedial line slightly waved,

erect from costa to vein 5, bent outwards between veins 5

and 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell and erect to inner

margin ; a terminal series of blackish points ; cilia wEite,

tinged with fuscous brown at tips. Hind wing white ; a

slight discoidal dark lunule with white centre ; a slight dark

postmedial line, erect from costa to vein 5, excurved and

obsolescent between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to lower

angle of cell and oblique to tornus ; a large apical fuscous-

brown patch ; a slight dark mark on termen at submedian

fold.

Hab. Ecuador, Chimbo, 1 $ type. Exp. 20 mm.

(7 d.) Stenia fuscilunalis, sp. n.

Blepharomastiv colubralis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 268

(part.) nec Guen.

S . Head, thorax, and abdomen white suffused with

browm ; palpi black above, white below ; pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing white ; the

costal area suffused with fuscous browu ; the apical area

Sir G. F. Hampson on new Pyralidse

suffused with fuscous brown to vein 4 ; a slight erect ante-

medial line; a dark point in middle of cell and small dark

discoidal lunule ; postmedial line minutely waved^ ereet from

costa to vein o, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2,

retracted and obsolescent to lower angle of cell, then erect

to inner margin ; a terminal series of dark points ; cilia

brownish white, with a dark line near base. Hind wing

white; a slight dark discoidal lunule, with an oblique line

from it to tornus ; postmedial line erect from costa to vein 5,

then bent outwards and oblique to termen at submedian

fold ; the apex slightly suffused with brown, a dark line on

termen, and slight brown line through cilia towards apex.

$ . Fore wing with the terminal points more distinct ;

hind wing with the apex not suffused with brown and with

punctiform terminal line from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Guatemala, Vera Paz {Champion'), 1 $ ; Costa

Rica, Irazu [Rogers), 1 S Cache [Rogers), 1

R. Sucio [Rogers), 1 Panama, Chiriqui [Champion),

2 $ . Godman-Salvin Coll. Exp., 24, $ 20 mm.

(7 e.) Stenia irroratalis, sp. n.

J . Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with

brown; palpi blackish, white below; genital tufts ochreous

white. Fore wing whitish tinged and irrorated with yellow-

browm, the costal area and terminal area to vein 3 suffused

with brown ; traces of a dark antemedial line ; a slight dark

discoidal lunule ; a faint, dai’k, postmedial, minutely waved

line, erect from costa to vein 5, bent outwards to vein 2,

then retracted and almost obsolete to lower angle of cell and

erect to inner margin ; a terminal series of slight dark points ;

cilia ochreous white, with a slight brown line through them.

Hind wing tinged with ochreous ; a faint dark discoidal

lunule ; traces of a postmedial line erect from costa to vein 5,

bent outwards to vein 2, retracted to lower angle of cell and

oblique to tornus ; some slight dark points on termen

towards apex.

Hab. Guatemala, Cerro Zunil [Champion), 3 type,

Godman-Salvin Coll. ; Brazil, Rio Janeiro, 1 c^. Exp.

26 mm.

(8 a.) Stenia biannulalis, sp. n.

$ . Head, thorax, and fore w ing white slightly tinged with

pale red-brown ; palpi black above ; fore tibiae and tarsi

tinged with fuscous. Fore wing white ; the costal edge pale

reddish brown ; a diffused subbasal reddish-brown line from

of the Suhfaniilij Ily Jrocampinse.

costa to submedian fold ; aiitemedial line reddish brown,

rather diflused, obliquely curved ; an annulus in middle of

cell defined by rather diflused reddish brown and a similar

elliptical discoidal annulus ; postmedial line reddish brown,

diffused, with small black spot at costa, incurved from costa

to vein 2 near termen, then retracted to lower angle of cell

and rather outwardly oblique to inner margin ; a diffused

red-brown terminal band except at apex and tornus ; a dark

striga on termen from apex, followed by a series of slight

points ; cilia white, brownish at tips. Hind wing white ; a

diffused pale reddish-brown aiitemedial line; a diffused pale

reddish-browm postmedial line excurved between veins 5 and

2 and ending on termen above tornus ; a diffused pale

reddish-brown band just before termen from apex to vein 2 ;

cilia white faintly tinged with red-browm except tow^ards

tornus ; the underside with rather quadrate discoidal

annulus.

Hab. Brazil, Amazons, Pebas, 1 type. Exp. 20 mm.

(8 5.) Stenia aphenice^ sp. n.

Lederia lilienice, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 249 (nec Cram,).

. Head and thorax purplish fuscous ; antennse yellowish

white with some dark points on shaft ; abdomen purplish

fuscous, the medial segments and ventral surface ringed with

white ; anal tuft yellowish ; wings white. Pore wing with

purplish-fuscous costal fascia ; an inwardly oblique straight

antemedial band ; both wings with outwardly oblique medial

and postmedial bands terminating before and above tornus ;

a terminal band expanding towards apex.

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz (^Schaus), 1 ^ type. Exp.

24 mm.

(8 c.) Stenia mallaleuca, sp. n.

<^. Pure white. Pore wing with some dark points on

costa ; the lines pale yellow-brown, the antemedial curved,

the postmedial excurved between veins 5 and 2, then

retracted to below end of cell ; traces of a discoidal spot.

Hind wing with indistinct discoidal spot ; the postmedial

line excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below

end of cell.

Hab. Brazil, Castro Paraha, 1 ^ type ; Sao Paulo.

Exp. 22-26 mm.

1

Z Sir G. F. llampson on new Pjrali'Ise

(10«.) Stenia 2>haofipilalis^ sp. ti.

Head and tliorax brownish grey; pectns white in

front; fore legs except tarsi fuscous ; abdomen grey. Fore

wing brownish grey irroratcd with a few black scales ; a very

ol)lique punctiform black antemcdial line ; a slight blackish

s[)ot in middle of cell and another at upper angle; post-

medial line black, rather punctiform, excurved from costa to

vein 3, then strongly incurved, and with blackish patch

from it to tornus below vein 2; a terminal series of slight

black points. Hind wing semihyaline whitish tinged with

brown, the termen slightly browner except towards tornus.

Hab. Bii. E. Africa, Teita [F. J. Jackson), 2 ^ type.

Eap. 14 mm.

(3 «.) Piletocera albipictalis , sp. n.

Antenme of male with a tuft of hair at one third, followed

by a ridge of hair, then a tuft at two thirds, followed by a

sinus ; fore wing with the basal half of costa lobed ; hind

wing with the termen excised below vein 3 and produced to

a rounded lobe at vein 1, the tornus truncate ; fore femora

with tuft of hair at extremity.

. Head black-brown, the vertex pure white; antennse

whitish, with the tufts at one third and two thirds blackish ;

thorax white, the outer edge of tegulse and patagia and the

tips of patagia dark brown, the dorsum of thorax tinged with

brown ; pectus and legs black-brown, the hind tarsi white ;

abdomen black-brown, the first three segments with wdiite

dorsal bands, the tw^o terminal segments with white dorsal

spots, the ventral surface white, the genital tufts ochreous.

Fore wing black-brown, the cell and basal half of inner area

pure white, confluent with a triangular patch between veins

5 and 2 extending to postmedial line ; a black point in middle

of cell and quadrate spot in end of cell, with its lower edge

indented by wdiite ; a browm striga on vein 1 « at inner

margin; postmedial line defined by wdiite on outer side,

somewdiat excurved below costa, slightly bent outw^ards

betw een veins 5 and 2, then retracted to near base of vein 2,

oblique and sinuous to middle of inner margin ; a white

point on termen above tornus ; cilia white at tips towards

tornus. Hind wdng blaek-browm ; some ‘whitish at base of

inner area ; a pale, oblique, minutely waved medial line,

obsolescent on costal half, whitish on inner half; an irregu-

larly quadrate white patch on terminal area between veins

5 and 2, leaving a dark terminal line ; cilia white from

of the Suhfamily Ilyclrocainpina?.

\3

vein 3 to the lobe ; tlie underside with maculate wliite medial

band from costa to vein 2.

Hab. Solomons^ Bougainville I. {Meek)^ 2 S type- Exp.

26 mm.

(3 b.) Piletocera slyyialis^ sp. n.

Antennae of male with a tuft of hair at one thirds followed

by a ridge of hair, then another tuft, followed by a sinus ;

fore femora with tuft of hair at extremity; fore wdug with

the basal half of costa lobed.

. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown ; antennae

with the tuft at two thirds of shaft white, the shaft beyond

it white above; tarsi with slight pale rings ; abdomen with

the terminal segment ochreous below, the genital tufts

ochreous white ; wings black-brown. Fore wing with very

indistinct pale postmedial line, slightly excurved below costa,

bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted towards

lower angle of cell and again slightly excurved. Hind Aving

with very indistinct pale postmedial line, slightly excurved

beloAV costa, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then

retracted to near lower angle of cell and oblique to tornus.

Hab. Solomons, Choiseul I. {Meek), 1 J type; Guadal-

canar I. {Meek), 1 ; Kulambangra I. {Meek), 1 . Exp.

24 mm.

(4 a.) Piletocera dentico stalls, sp. n.

Fore wing with tufts of hair on inner area below pro-

jecting over hind wing.

$ . Head whitish ; palpi with the extremity of second

joint and the third joint brown ; antennae brown to beyond

the tufts ; thorax cupreous brown ; pectus and legs white,

fore legs with the tuft of scales at extremity of femora

black. Fore wing cupreous brown ; a small whitish spot in

middle of cell, with others below it above and below vein 1 ;

a whitish discoidal lunule ; postmedial line with whitish bars

at costa and inner margin, excurved and obsolescent between

those points. Hind wing cupreous brown ; a dark post-

medial line defined by whitish on outer side, nearly straight

from costa to termen at vein 2, then retracted to lower angle

of cell and oblique to tornus ; the underside with the basal

area whitish, an indistinct discoidal annulus.

Hab. Solomons, Gizo I. {Meek), 1 ^ type. Exp. 20 mm.

Sir G. F. Ilampson on new Pyrali Jai

(4 b.) Piletocera infernalis, sp. n.

Fore win" with tufts of hair on inner area below projeeting

over hind wing.

(^ . Uniform black-brown.

Hah. Solomons^ Kulambangra I. [Meek), 2 type. Exp.

22 ram.

Subsp. 1. — Palpi at sides_, except third joint, and outer side

of fore legs whitish.

Hah. Solomons, Guadalcanar I. [Meek), 1 Exp.

18 ram.

(14 a.) Piletocera microdontalis, sp. n.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen cupreous brown ; palpi

in front, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish.

Fore wing cupreous brown ; traces of a dark antemedial line ;

a white bar across cell before the dark discoidal lunule with

whitish centre ; subtermirial line white, somewhat puncti-

form, arising from costa towards apex nearly straight from

costa to vein 2 near termen, except that it is toothed outwards

at vein 5, retracted at vein 2 and almost obsolete except for

a small whitish spot in submedian interspace ; cilia whitish

just below vein 2. Hind wing cupreous brown ; postmedial

line pale, arising from costa towards apex, sinuous to termen

at vein 2 and toothed outwards below vein 5, below vein 2

retracted to lower angle of cell and almost obsolete, then

again whitish and oblique to tornus ; cilia with a fine white

line at base ; the underside with faint dark spot in middle of

cell and discoidal annulus.

Hah. Woodlark I. [Meek), 1 $ type. Exp. 18 mm.

(15 a.) Piletocera hadesialis, sp. n.

^ . Black ; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen yellowish

white. Fore wing with traces of a dark antemedial line ; an

ochreous point in middle of cell and discoidal somewhat

8-shaped spot. Hind wing with traces of dark discoidal

spot and postmedial line retracted at vein 3 to angle of cell.

? . Fore wing with the discoidal spot larger and with

traces of a dark postmedial line on its outer edge, retracted

below it.

Hah. Penang [Curtis). Exp. 16 mm. Type in Coll.

Rothschild.

of the Siihfamily ITy(liocamj)lria3.

V

(32«.) Piletocera phaeocraspedalis, sp. ii.

$ . Head and thorax orange-yellow tinj^ed with brown ;

abdomen yellow, dorsally sulfiised with brown exeept at

base, the ventral surface whitish. Fore wing orange-yellow,

the terminal area broadly fuscous ; the costa brown ; two

small brown spots in cell near base; a round spot in end of

cell with a short streak below it ; a yellow discoidal lunule

defined by brown ; postmedial line dark brown, somewhat

dentate, expanding slightly to costa, oblique to vein 7, angled

inwards in discal fold, then excurved to the dark terminal

area, at vein 2 retracted towards lower angle of cell, then

slightly excurved again ; a yellowish mark on termen at

vein 2; cilia dark brown, whitish above tornus. Hind wing

orange-yellow, the terminal area broadly fuscous; a dark

discoidal spot with oblique line from it to above tornus ; a

dark postmedial spot below costa with traces of the post-

medial line from it excurved between veins 5 and 2 ; some

yellow on termen at vein 2; cilia fuscous, whitish at sub-

median interspace ; the underside with discoidal annulus

defined by brown.

Hab. Solomons, Choiseul I. [Meek), 1 $ type. Exp.

18 mm.

(34 a.) Piletocera rotundalis, sp. n.

Very dark brown; palpi at base, pectus, legs, and

ventral surface of abdomen whitish. Fore wing short and

broad, the apex rounded ; a dark-edged annulus at middle

of cell and discoidal lunule with whitish spot between them ;

traces of an antemedial line ; a minutely dentate postmedial

line defined by pale brown on outer side, excurved between

veins 5 and 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell. Hind

wing with traces of ante- and postmedial lines. Underside

of fore wing with fascia of black scales in and beyond upper

angle of cell and whitish patch beyond the cell.

Hab. Bali [Doherty), 2 $ type. Exp. 16 mm.

Subsp. 1. — Fore wing more uniform dark brown, the

markings obscured; the white spot reduced to a point;

underside without the fascia of black scales, a small white

spot beyond cell.

Hab. Talaut [Doherty), 1 Woodlark I. [Meek),^^-,

St. Aignan [Meek), 1

Sir G. F. Ilampson oyi upao PyralidaB

(37 «.) Piletocera micralis, sp. n.

Antennse of male laminate ; hind wing with the termen

excurved at middle and excised below apex and towards

tornus.

S . Pale yellow ; fore tibise with black band at extremity ;

abdomen with black dorsal line before anal tuft. Fore wing

with black points at base on costa and below cell ; an

ill-defined fuscous subbasal line ; aiitemedial line excurved

from median ncrvure to inner margin ; a small dark spot in

middle of cell and discoidal lunule defined by fuscous^ with

small blackish spot above it on costa ; two black points on

postmedial part of costa, the postraedial line arising from the

outer point, excurved below vein 5 and ending at tornus,

towards which it is somewdiat diffused ; a rather strong black

terminal line ; cilia whitish with blackish tips. Hind wing

with slight dark discoidal spot, with sinuous line from it to

inner margin ; postmedial line sinuous, excurved below

vein 5 and ending at tornus ; a rather strong blackish

terminal line from apex to vein 2 ; cilia whitish, fuscous at

tips on apical half.

Hab. PoRNEo, Kuching {Shelford), 1 J' type. Exp.

8 mm.

(37 h.) Piletocera cumulalis, sp. n.

Antennse of male laminate and without tufts ; fore wing

normal.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellow, slightly irro-

rated with fuscous ; palpi with black bars at extremity of

first and second segments ; abdomen tinged with orange at

extremity and with subdorsal black spots on terminal

segment ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

whitish, the fore tibise with fuscous band at extremity. Fore

wing pale yellow sparsely irrorated with black and with

slight blackish suffusion on terminal area below apex ; a

black subbasal line, slightly angled inwards in cell, then

oblique and somewhat maculate ; antemedial line oblique

from costa to just below median nervure, then erect ; a small,

rather indistinct, dark annulus in middle of cell ; a discoidal

lunule with yellow centre ; postmedial line incurved from

costa to vein 4y then erect to vein 2, then retracted to lower

angle of cell and oblique to above inner margin ; a terminal

series of small black spots from costa to vein 4 and a spot

above tornus; cilia fuscous at tips. Hind wing pale yellow

with fuscous suffusion between lower angle of cell and tornus

of the Subfamily llydrocamplnio.

atul beyond the postmcdiiil line below eosta ; a small Ijlaek

diseoidal spot and line t‘roin lower atiirle of eell to inner

margin near tornus ; postrnedial line bent outwards at

vein 5 and again at vein 2, ending at tornus ; a black ter-

minal line from apex to vein 3 and towards tornus ; eilia

blaekish at tips.

Hub. Borneo, Kueliing {Shelford), 1 type. Erp.

IG mm.

(38 fl.) Piletocera ranalis, sp. n.

(d' . Head and thorax fulvous yellow slightly tinged with

brown ; abdomen pale fulvous yellow, the anal tuft blackish.

Fore wing fulvous yellow slightly tinged with brown, the

basal costal area rather darker ; a curved, slightly waved

dark antemedial line; a black diseoidal spot; postrnedial

line black, slightly angled outwards below costa and inwards

in discal fold, then excurved, at vein 2 retracted towards

lower angle of cell and again slightly angled outwards at

vein 1 ; a series of small black spots just before termen; a

fine terminal fuscous line ; cilia whitish. Hind wing fulvous

yellow slightly tinged with brown; a small oblique blackish

diseoidal spot ; postrnedial line blackish, excurved below

costa, angled inwards in discal fold, then excurved, at vein 2

retracted to lower angle of cell, then oblique to inner margin ;

a series of small black spots just before termen ; a tine

fuscous terminal line ; cilia whitish.

$ much more suffused with fuscous ; the antemedial

line of fore wing on inner side and the postrnedial line of

both wings on outer side defined by ochreous.

Hab. Brazil, Lr. Amazons, Breves {Austen), 3 3^, 3 $

type ; Parana de Buyassu, 1 1 ? . Exp., ^ 16, ? 20 mm.

(38 b.) Piletocera albicilialis, sp. n.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen browm mixed with yellow ;

pal[)i brown, white below; pectus, legs, and ventral surface

of abdomen whitish ; fore tibiae with fuscous band at extre-

mity. Fore wing yellowish almost wholly suffused with

brown, leaving the medial part of costa yellow ; an indistinct

dark antemedial line, oblique from costa to median nervure,

then erect; an indistinct dark diseoidal annulus; two

blackish semicircular marks on costa just beyond middle;

postrnedial line indistinct, dark slightly defined by yellowish

on outer side, minutely dentate, erect from costa to vein 2,

then retracted to lower angle of cell and slightly excurved at

Ann. Sf Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 2

•fs

Sir G. F. Hampson on new Pyralidse

vein 1 ; a terminal series of small black spots ; cilia yellow

at base followed by a black line, the tips white slightly inter-

sected with fuscous. Hind wing yellowish almost wholly

suffused with brown ; a faint dark postmedial line slightly

defined by whitish on outer side, nearly straight from costa

to vein 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell and oblique

to inner margin; a fine black terminal line ; cilia yellow at

base followed by a black line, the tips pure white.

Hab. Brazil, Lr. Amazons, Parana de Buyassu {Austen)^

1 ? type. Exp. 20 mm.

(38 c.) Piletocera rufulalis, sp. n.

Fore wing of male with no fovea in cell.

^ . Pale rufous ; fore tibiae with black band at extremity ;

tarsi whitish with fuscous bands ; abdomen with black dorsal

line before anal tuft ; wings slightly irrorated with fuscous.

Fore wing with subbasal blackish points on costa and in ceil ;

antemedial line blackish, oblique from costa to submedian

fold ; a blackish spot in middle of cell and discoidal lunule ;

three small black annuli on postmedial part of costa, the

postmedial line arising from the outermost, excurved between

veins 5 and 2 along which it is retracted, then again excurved ;

a terminal series of small black spots ; cilia with series of

slight fuscous spots at tips. Hind wing with small blackish

discoidal spot ; postmedial line bent outwards between veins

5 and 2, then retracted to below end of cell and oblique to

tornus ; a terminal series of small blackish spots ; cilia with

series of slight fuscous spots at tips.

Hab. Sierra Leone [Clements), 2 ^ type. Exp. 20 mm.

(38 d.) Piletocera fidvalis, sp. n.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous yellow ; palpi

fuscous above, white below ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface

of abdomen whitish, the fore tibiae with fuscous band at

extremity. Fore wing fulvous yellow ; the costal edge

fuscous ; antemedial line indistinct, oblique, slightly angled

just below median nervure ; a small rather ill-defined ocellus

in middle of cell ; a discoidal lunule with yellow centre ;

postmedial line expanding into a small black spot at costa,

incurved to vein 5, then excurved to termen at vein 2, then

almost obsolete and retracted to just below lower angle of

cell and again distinct and slightly excurved ; a maculate

terminal line from below apex to vein 2 ; cilia with a slight

fuscous line at middle. Hind wing fulvous yellow ; a small

of the Subfamily llydi’ocamplnai.

fuscous discoidal spot ; postmedial line fuscous, cxcurvcd

from vein 5 to termcu at vein 2, then almost obsolete and

retracted to just below lower angle of cell and again distinct

and oblique to inner margin ; a maculate blackish terminal

line ; cilia with a slight fuscous line at middle.

Hab. Bii. Guiana, Potaro 11. [Kaye), 1 ? type. Exp.

18 mm.

Genus Neogenesis, nov.

Palpi porrect, triangularly scaled, downcurved at extremity

and extending about twice the length of head ; maxillary

jialpi with pointetl tuft at extremity ; frons flat and oblique ;

antennse annulate; tibiie with the spurs long and nearly

even ; abdomen very long and slender. Fore wing of male

with the costa strongly arched and fringed with short hair,

the apex rounded and truncate; a fringe of very long hair

on inner area below ; vein 3 from well before angle of cell ;

4, 5 stalked; 7 straight and well separated from 8, with

w'hich 9, 10, 11 are coincident; female with vein 9 absent,

10, 11 stalked with 8. Hind wing with vein 3 from before

angle of cell ; 4, 5 stalked ; 6, 7 stalked, 7 anastomosing

with 8.

A development from Clupeosoma.

(1.) Neogenesis flaviplagialis, sp. n.

Pale rufous ; palpi dark below ; throat pure white ; fore

tibiae banded with fuscous and white ; abdomen ringed with

white; wings semihyaline. Fore wing with indistinct den-

tate subterminal line defined by pale yellow on inner side,

most strongly towards inner margin, towards which it is

bent inwards, the area beyond it pink ; termen yellow with

series of black points. Hind wing suffused with pink except

costal area ; a dentate postmedial line with large yellow

patch on its inner side between veins 6 and 2, the termen

and cilia yellow with series of black points.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Moroka [An'hony], 1 1 ? type,

Milne Bay [Meek), I . Exp,, c? 2f, ? 22 mm.

(4 a.) Clupeosoma laniferalis, sp. n.

^ . Fore wing with a fold the whole length of submedian

interspace containing a fringe of long hair on upperside ;

a large patch on upperside beyond the cell clothed witli

rough hair directed towards the centre.

2^

Sir G. F. Ilampson on new Pyralidae

Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous ; throat, greater part

o£ tibiae, the tarsi, and segmental rings on abdomen wliite.

Fore wing rufous, the costal area towards apex and termen

pink; tlie cilia yellow. Hind wing pale rufous; a pink

patch in and below end of cell followed by a large yellow

lunulatc patch, the area beyond it black down to vein 2 ;

cilia yellow.

Hah. Louisiades, St. Aignan [Meek). Exp, 14 mm.

Type in Coll. Rothschild.

ScOFAHIAN^.

(3.) Microglossa JIavidaHs, sp. n.

. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish suffused with

fuscous; third joint of palpi and basal joint of antennse

blackish ; legs whitish, the fore tibiae and the tarsi banded

with blackish ; abdomen with the anal tuft rufous. Fore

wing yellowish irrorated with fuscous; a black subbasal line

emitting short streaks below cell and on inner margin; two

blaek antemedial spots on costa, a slight mark in cell and a

band from cell to inner margin expanding into a patch below

median nervure, a black point beyond it in cell ; a rather

quadrate black discoid al spot ; two small black postmedial

spots on costa, then a yellowish line defined on each side by

blackish, excurved from below costa to vein 4, then incurved

to below angle of cell and slightly waved to inner margin ;

terminal area rather more suffused with black, with diffused

yellowish marks below apex and at middle; cilia yellowish

intersected with fuscous at base, whitish at tips. Hind wing

whitish slightly tinged with brown.

Hah. W. China, Chang-Yang [Pratt) ^ 1 ^ type. Exp.

14 mm.

(3.) Eclipsiodes cuprealis, sp. n.

. Head and thorax dark cupreous brown ; palpi whitish

below at base; tarsi with slight whitish rings; abdomen

cupreous brown with a greyish tinge, the anal tuft with some

whitish hairs below. Fore wing dark cupreous brown with

slight dark irroration ; a faint diffused dark discoidal spot ;

traces of a dark postmedial liiie excurved from costa to

vein 4, then oblique ; a faint dark terminal line. Hind

wing cupreous brown with a greyish tinge, the cilia whitish

at tips.

Hah. Victoria, Gisborne [Lyell), 1 c^type. Exp. 24 mm.

of the Suhfamihj Scoparianai.

21

(4.) Eclipsiodes striatalis, sp. n.

Ilcafl and thorax pale grey irrorated witli fuscous ; abdo-

men l)rownisli, the basal segment dorsally orange, lore

'vving grey-white strongly irrorated with fuseous ; the veins

streaked vvitli blaek ; a prominent black streak just below

submedian fold with a whitish streak below it ; a similar

streak in cell from before middle to extremity with a more

prominent white streak below it ; a short streak beyond the

cell connected by a diffused oblicpie streak wdth the apex ;

a series of dentate marks on termen. Hind wing tinged

with browm, especially towards apex ; cilia w bite with a brown

line through them.

Hab. W. Australia^ Sherlock R. {Clements), 2 J type.

Ea:>j?. 24 mm.

(84 a.) Scoparia rufitinctalis , sp. n.

Head and thorax yellowdsh white ; sides of palpi and

shoulders pale rufous ; fore legs tinged with rufous ; pectus,

mid and hind legs, and abdomen white. Fo e wdng yellowish

white rather sparsely irrorated with rufous ; a curved ante-

medial rufous band diflPused on outer side and with slight

dark streaks on it in and below cell ; a diflused rufous patch

from middle of costa to lower angle of cell with black dis-

coidal point on it ; an oblique rufous postmedial line, slightly

excurved at middle and with darker point at costa, a broad

band of rufous suffusion from just beyond it, constricted at

middle ; the termen suffused with rufous, expanding some-

what at discal fold and with obscure series of dark points on

it; cilia yellowish white with a brown line near base. Hind

wing white, faintly tinged with ochreous towards termen.

Hab. U.S.A,, Washington Terr., 4 ^ , Calitornia, Shasta

Co., Pit R. ( Walsingham), 7 cf 5 ^ ? type. Exp. 20 mm.

(88 a.) Scoparia poliophcealis , sp. n.

Head and thorax dark reddish brown mixed with some

white scales; abdomen pale reddish brown; pectus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore t]bi^e and the

tarsi banded wdth brown. Fore wing whitish thickly irrorated

and suffused with reddish brown, the suffusion forming dark

bands beyond the ante- and postmedial lines ; an indistinct

rather diffused whitish subbasal line; antemedial line diffused,

white, oblique from costa to vein 1, where ic is angled, then

angled inwards above inner margin ; a slight dark spot

22

Sir G. F. Ilampson on new PyralIJa3

l)cyoTi(l it in cell ; a reniform cliscoidal stifjma incompletely

(lefined by diffused dark brown, and with some greyish

siiffnsion beyond it before the postmedial line, which is white

defined on inner side by a rather punctiform brown line,

slightly angled inwards above vein 6, then excurved to vein 4,

and obli(pie to itiner margin ; a diffused whitish snbterminal

line somewhat angled inwards at diseal and submedian folds;

a series of small dark brown spots just before termen ;

cilia whitish tinged with brown and with a series of brown

strim near base. Hind wing greyish brown, the cilia white

•with a brown line near base ; the underside greyer with traces

of a curved postmedial line.

Hah. SyiiiA, Lebanon [Pratt)^ 1 $ type. Exp. 2G-

30 mm.

(90 c^.) Scoparia microdontalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax mixed with fuseous and brown ; palpi dark

brown at sides, the base and the maxillary palpi at tips white ;

pectus and legs white, the fore tibiae and the tarsi banded

with fuscous ; abdomen grey tinged with brown, the ventral

surfaee white. Fore wing white tinged with brown and

irrorated wdth black ; antemedial line indistinctly double filled

in with white, oblique to’wards costa, angled outwards on

median nervure and inwards in submedian fold, with short

black streaks beyond it in cell and submedian fold; a

slight dark patch on middle of eosta ; a rather X -shaped

black discoidal spot ; postmedial line double filled in wdth

white and with some dark suffusion beyond it, minutely

dentate, excurved from costa to vein 5, then oblique ; a dark

patch on middle of termen; a terminal series of small, some-

what dentate black spots w ith white strise betw'een them ;

cilia chequered pale brown and white with a dark line near

base. Hind wing white tinged with brown.

Hob. Japan, Hakodate [Andrews), 1 c^, 1 $, Kiushiu,

1 $ , Yokohama [Jonas), 1 ^ type. Exp. 16-22 mm.

(105 a.) Scoparia isochroalis, sp. n.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale reddish brown, the

ventral surface paler ; fore tibiae and tarsi banded fuscous

and white. Fore wing wdjitish almost wholly suffused with

red-brown and irrorated with fuscous ; slight subbasal dark

spots in cell and above inner margin ; antemedial line defined

by whitish on inner side, oblique towards costa, slightly

angled inwards in submedian fold, then excurved, a short

23

of the Subfamily Scopariana?.

black streak beyond it in submedian fold ; some whitish in

end of cell followed by two black discoidal bars with a black

point beyond them; postmedial line indistinct, detined by

whitish on outer side, oblique towards costa, cxcurved to

vein 4, then inwardly oblique and minutely dentate, some

darker brown suffusion beyond it on costal area; a series of

short black streaks in interspaces of terminal area, the streak

above vein 4 extendinj^ to postmedial line ; cilia whitish

with a dark line near base. Hind wing whitish suffused

with pale red-brown ; cilia ochreous white with a fine dark

line near base.

Hab. Japan, Hakodate {Andrews), 1 $ type. Exp. 18 mm.

(107 a.) Scoparia met aleiic alls , sp. n.

S . Head and thorax grey tinged with brown and fuscous,

the palpi at base and tips of maxillary palpi white ; pectus

and legs whitish, the tarsi ringed with fuscous ; abdomen

ochreous white. Fore wing wdiite slightly tinged with

ochreous and irrorated with dark brown ; short dark streaks

from base in cell and above inner margin; a diffused dark

curved antemedial line wuth dark spot beyond it in cell and

suffusion from median nervure to inner margin ; a large

diffused dark brown rounded discoidal patch with some dark

suffusion above it on costa ; postmedial line whitish defined

on inner side by a brown patch on costa, then by short streaks,

and wdth browui suffusion beyond it on costal area and from

vein 3 to inner margin, excurved from below costa to vein 4,

then incurved ; the termen dark with a diffused patch at

middle ; cilia white with a dark line near base. Hind wing

pure w hite.

Hah. W. China, Pu-tsu-fang, 1 $ type. Exp. 18 mm.

(109 a.) Scoparia luteiisalis, sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax oehreous yellow mixed with rufous ;

abdomen ochreous white. Fore wing ochreous yellow ; a

diffused reddish-brown streak below base of cell with some

blackish scales on it and a slight streak above base of inner

margin ; a diffused brown antemedial band, oblique from

costa to submedian fold with a blackish streak from it in cell

and two shorter streaks below the cell ; a diffused brown

postmedial band with some blackish scales on it, oblique from

costa to submedian fold, where it is angled inw^ards, and

expanding into a discoidal spot; a diffused reddish-brown

subterminal band, bent outwards to apex and with slight

24

Sir G. F. Ilampson on new Pjrallda?.

(larl< streaks on it in the interspaees ; the termen tinged with

reddish browni with a series of black points. Hind wing

semiliyalinc wdiite faintly tinged with brown ; a slight brown

terminal line and slight line through the cilia.

Jlah. Azores [J. J. Walker), 1 ? type. E.xp. 22 mm.

(Ill a.) Scoparia melanographa, sp. n.

Scoparia slenota, Warr. Nov. Zool. xii. p. 447, nec Wlstn.

^ . Head and thorax black mixed wdth some grey-while;

palpi white below at base; pectus whitish; legs whitish

banded wntli fuscous ; abdomen black with white segmental

lines, the ventral surface white with fuscous bands. Fore

wing narrow, wdiite irrorated with black ; the base suffused

with black, followed by a band formed of short diffused black

streaks ; a diffused black antemedial line, rather angled

inwards below cell, connected wdth an obscure diffused

annulus from just below' costa to median nervure and with

a patch of blackish suffusion beyond it on inner area ; a black

streak on middle of costa connected by a bar with the rather

X -shaped black discoidal spot, with a slight line from it to

the black jiatch on tornal area; postmedial line black,

strongest at costa, angled inwards at discal fold, then out-

wards at vein 4 and oblique to the patch on tornal area ; a

black patch from costa before apex to the triangular patch

on middle of termen ; a black terminal line ; cilia grey with

a black line near base, blind wing narrow', whitish tinged

with fuscous especially towards termen ; a black terminal

line ; cilia w hitish wdth a tine dark line near base.

Hah. Azores, S. Jorges, 1200' [0. -Grant), 1 $ , Terceira,

2200' [O.-Grant), 1 S fyie. Exp. 14 mm.

(124 «.) Scoparia albifusalis, sp. n.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous ; palpi white at

base; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen white; legs wdiite

and fuscous. Fore wing fuscous sparsely irrorated with

wdiite ; antemedial line white, oblique from costa to sub-

median fold ; an ill-defined dark discoidal spot ; postmedial

line white, obtusely angled at vein 6 ; large wdiite patches

on termen at apex, discal and submedian folds connected by

the white terminal line. Hind wing greyish fuscous w ith a

fine pale line at base of cilia.

Hub. Ceylon, Bogowantalawa, Maskeliya [Pole), 3 ? type.

E.xp. 16 mm.

On some new Species of Blattlclaa.

25

II. — On some new Species o/Blalti(la3 m the Oxford and

Paris Museums. By II. Siielford, M.A., F.L.S.

Subfam. Ectobinje.

Genus Anaplectoidea, Shelf.

Anaplectoidea Dohertyi, sji. n.

$ . Clear testaceous, nitid. Head rufo-testaceous, antennae

testaceous. Pronotum posteriorly truncated, exposing the

scutellum, testaceous, lateral margins hyaline. T( gmina with

fifteen costal veins; anterior ulnar with six branches, some of

which are oblique, posterior ulnar simple ; anal vein strongly

curved, well marked ; four axillary veins ; the part of the

right tegmen overlapped by the left reticulated. Wings

hyaline, suffused with a pale flavid tint, with ten costal veins

incrassated at the apex ; medio-discal field crossed by eleven

transverse veinlets ; ulnar vein curved upwards, with five

branches, the medio-ulnar field only one third the breadth

of the medio-discal field, first anal vein quadriramose ; apical

area small, barely one fifth of total wing-length, its basal

margin obtusely angled, its apex slightly emarginate, divided

almost equally by a longitudinal vein. Supra-anal lamina

produced, its apical margin straight ; subgenital lamina

ample, semiorbicular ; cerci elongate, nine-jointed.

Length of body 7 mm. ; length of tegmina 6 mm.

Sangir [IV. Doherty) ; one example (Oxford Mus.).

Genus Hololampra, Sauss.

Hololampra minuta, sp. n.

$ . Head rufo-castaneous, antennae fuscous with exception

of first two basal joints, which are testaceous. Pronotum

covering vertex of head, trapezoidal, the angles rounded, sides

deflexed, posterior margin nearly straight ; all the margins

testaceous, most broadly at posterior angles ; disk rufo-casta-

neous, with a posterior transverse castaneous vitta which is

notc hed anteriorly. Tegmina ovate, smooth, shining, hyaline-

testaceous, extending as far as middle of fourth abdominal

tergite, the veins testaceous; eight costal veins, the last three

ramose, discoidal sectors oblique and few in number, anal

vein not impressed. Wings scale-like. Abdomen testaceous

above, banded with black, beneath black margined with

26

Mr. 11. Shelford on some

testaceous, last segment and subgenital lamina rufo-casta-

ucous ; supra-anal lamina short, trigonal, with a median

impressed line; subgcnital lamina ample, semiorbicular,

projecting beyond the supra anal lamina; cerci moderate,

black. Legs rufo-testaeeous ; femora very sparsely armed,

not more than two spines on the anterior and posterior

margins of each.

Total length 6 mm. ; length of tegmiiia 4 mm.

Andrahoniana, South Madagascar [Ch. Alluaud, 1901) ;

twm examples (Paris Museum).

One of the smallest species of the genus.

Subfam. Phyllobromin^e.

Genus Isciinoptera, Burm.

Ischnoptera Ridleyi, sp. n.

S. Head ferruginous, a V-shaped darker mark between

the antennal sockets ; antennae ferruginous, longer than the

body. Pronotum rounded, posteriorly truncate, sides slightly

deflexed, not covering vertex of head ; disk rufous, with two

broad vittae, black in colour, not reaching the posterior

margin, their outer margins sinuate, their inner margins

straight. Tegmina ferruginous ; radial vein bifurcated at

the middle ; sixteen costal veins ; discoidal area with eleven

longitudinal sectors ; seven axillary veins. Wings hyaline,

veins fuscous, the marginal field suffused wdth flavid ; radial

vein bifurcated at the middle, mediastinal vein wfith five

branches; fourteen costal veins ; median vein sinuate ; ulnar

vein with fourteen branches, six of which go to the apex of

the w'ing. Abdomen infuscated above, ferruginous below^ ;

the seventh tergite notched in the middle of its posterior

margin, the eighth very narrow ; the eighth sternite reduced

to a pair of lateral lappets ; the supra-anal lamina quadrate,

its posterior margin notched and produced on each side of

the notch into tw o curved and slender processes ; the sub-

genital lamina subquadrate, its posterior margin much

thickened, forming two asymmetrical swellings wLich are

grooved and furnished with numerous minute denticles ;

styles absent. Front femora with the anterior border beneath

armed throughout its length with long stout spines.

Length of body 22 mm. ; length of tegmina 20 mm.

Singapore [H. N. Ridley, March to May, 1906) ; one

example (Oxford Museum).

This species, like so many of its Oriental congeners, presents

unusual modifications of those external parts which are

27

neto Species of Blattida3.

related to reproduction. The form of tlie subgenital lamina

in I. lUdleyi recalls that of Hemithyrsocera hisirio, Burrn.

Ischnoptera per'pulchra, sp. n.

? . Head testaceous, antennae (mutilated) testaceous at

base. Pronotum trapezoidal, posterior margin slightly pro-

duced ; disk flavo-testaceous, encircled by a broad pcnannular

ring of black, open on the anterior margin, lateral and poste-

rior margins testaceous. Tegmina castaneous, margin testa-

ceous ; eighteen costal veins ; radial vein bifurcated beyond

the middle, the lower branch sending ramifications to the

apex of the wing ; discoidal field with nine longitudinal

sectors, the most internal of which are angled. Wings

hyaline, veins fuscous, marginal field bordered with testa-

ceous ; mediastinal vein with six branches, ten to twelve

costal veins, radial vein bifurcated beyond the middle ; ulnar

vein with seven branches, three of which run towards the

dividing vein. Abdomen flavo-testaceous above, except at

the apex, which is fuscous, testaceous below ; supra-aual

lamina produced triangular, subgenital lamina ample. Legs

testaceous ; front femora armed on the anterior margin

beneath with strong spines throughout its length, the most

basal the longest; formula of apical spines j-; front

femora without a genicular spine, unless the most anterior

apical spine is to be regarded as such.

Length of body 12 mm. ; length of tegmina 14 mm.

Macassar, Celebes {W. Doherty, 1896) ; one example

(Oxford Museum).

This species is rather a puzzling one ; the angulation of

some of the discoidal sectors of the tegmina suggests the

genera Fseudomops and Pseudothyrsocera, but this is a

character that also crops up in Phyllodromia, and, taken by

itself, is not of the greatest importance ; it is on account of

the branching of the vena ulnaris alarum, so characteristic of

Ischnoptera, that 1 have referred this species to that generic

position.

%

Ischnoptera cavernicola, sp. n.

S. Head castaneous, mouth-parts testaceous; antennae

testaceous, one and a half times longer than the body.

Pronotum rufo-castaneous, with lateral and posterior margins

narrowly castaneous. Tegmina clear testaceous, radial vein

bifurcated, twelve costal veins, six discoidal sectors. Wings

hyaline, mediastinal vein with three branches, seven costal

28

Mr. H. Slielford on some

vcins^ radial vein not bifurcated, ulnar vein sending three

brandies to tlie dividing vein and three to the apex of the

"vving. Abdomen rufo-tcstaccous, supra-anal lamina sliglitly

jiroduccd, rounded ; subgenital lamina produced, narrow,

with two stout styles; cerci elongate. Legs rufo-testa-

ceous ; front femora with anterior margin beneath armed

throughout its length with a series of short spines, the

most distal the shortest; apical spines {, j- ; genicular

spines 1, 1, 1.

Length of body 10 mm. ; length of tegmina 9 5 mm.

In cave at Bidi, Sarawak, Borneo {R. Shdford) ; one

example (Oxford Museum). [No. 22.]

The species, which can he readily recognized by the pale

pronotum with dark margins, was found in some numbers in

a large and quite dark cave in the limestone formation at

Bidi, Sarawak ; it is somewhat remarkable that this cock-

roach, a Stenopelmatid (? Dolichopoda) , and a species of crab

[Potamon hidiense, Lanch.), which were all found in con-

siderable numbers in the darkest part of the cave, show no

reduction in size of the eyes ; one can only suppose that

the caves have been peopled within quite recent times by

these Arthropoda. The antennae of the Stenopelmatid are

of great length, but this is not the case in Ischnoptera

cavernicola.

Genus Ellipsidium, Sauss.

Ellipsidiwn castaneum, sp. n.

$ . Head dark rufous, with a black spot between the

antennal sockets ; antennae with the basal half strongly

incrassated, black, the two basal joints rufous, apical half

with a testaceous band occupying ten lower joints, the

remaining joints fuscous. Disk of the pronotum rufo-

testaceous, with a symmetrical black design, anterior and

posterior margins pale testaceous, lateral margins hyaline.

Tegmina castaneous, with the densely reticulated veins pale

testaceous, the mediastinal field hyaline. Wings infuscated,

veins flavid. Abdomen black beneath, sternites with white

margins ; subgenital lamina with the apex slightly cleft ;

cerci black, with castaneous legs. Legs castaneous, the

coxae black, with white borders, the tarsi black.

Total length 14 mm. ; length of tegmina 12'5 mm. ;

pronotum 4x6 mm.

Humboldt Bay, New Guinea {W. Doherty, 1896) ; one

example (Oxford Museum).

29

new Species of Blattidae.

Tin’s well-marked speeies somewhat extends the range of

the genus, hitherto known only 1‘rom Australia.

Genus Piroblatta, iiov.

Differs from Chrastohlatta, Sauss. & Zehnt., by the less

prominent vertex, by the shape of the pronotum, by the

greater breadth of the tegrnina, and by the presence of a

prominent triangular apical area in the wings.

Head almost covered by the pronotum ; pronotum trape-

zoidal, anterior margin truncate, sides deflexed, posterior

margin slightly arcuate ; scutellum exposed ; tegmina longer

than the body, discoidal sectors oblique. Wings with a

large apical triangle, projecting beyond the anterior part

of the wing ; ulnar vein bifurcate and sending also two to

three branches to the dividing vein. Front femora unarmed

beneath, mid and hind femora very sparsely armed on both

borders beneath ; genicular spines present on all the femora.

Supra-anal lamina in the male somewhat quadrately pro-

duced, in the female triangularly produced.

On a re-examination of the species described by me as

Theganopteryx Bouvieri (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1906, p. 236) I

have come to the conclusion that a new genus must be

established for this and for the species described below. In

general appearance both species are very like Theganopteryx,

but the branching of the ulnar vein of the wings is sutFicient

to place them close to the genus Chrastoblatta, from which,

however, they may be distinguished by the points enumerated

above. Both species are testaceous in colour and quite

unlike the conspicuous Chrastoblatta dhnidiata, Sauss. &

Zehnt., and C. tricolor, Sauss. & Zehnt. The females are

shorter and a little broader than the males.

Piroblatta Alluaudi, sp. n.

. Head rufo-eastaneous ; maxillary palpi and antennae

testaceous, the latter longer than the body ; pronotum rufo-

testaceous, the lateral margins hyaline. Tegmina testaceous

hyaline ; fifteen to sixteen costal veins, eight oblique discoidal

sectors. Wings hyaline; veins fuscous, marginal field

flavid ; fourteen to fifteen costal veins, their apices very

slightly incrassated ; ulnar vein bifurcated and sending three

branches to the dividing vein; first axillary vein quadri-

ramose, triangular apical field large. Legs and cerci rufo-

testaceous. Abdomen piceous ; supra-anal lamina trigonal,

subgenital lamina semiorbicular ; the left style stout and

curved, the right style minute.

m

Mr. K. fSlielibrd on some

$ . Similar to the male, but shorter ; supra-anal lamina

triangular ; sul)genital lamina ample.

S . Length of body 7 mm. ; length of tegmina 8 mm.

2 . Length of body 7 mm. ; length of tegmina 7*5 mm.

Diego Suarez, Madagascar (Alluaud, April 1896) ; eight

examples (Paiis Museum).

Piroblatta Boiivieri, Shelf.

The(/anopteryx Bouvieri, Shelford, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1906,

p. 266.

The female has the pronotum less strongly marked with

testaceous than the male; the supra-anal lamina is trigonal,

the subgenital lamina ample and semiorbicular ; the tegmina

measure 8 mm., as against 10‘8 mm. in the male, the body

8 mm., as against 9 5 mm. in the male.

Genus Phyllodromia, Serv.

Phyllodromia pictiirata, sp. n.

A . Head testaceous, with castaneous markings, forming a

symmetrical design. Pronotum transversely elliptical, lateral

margins hyaline ; disk of the pronotum pale testaceous, with

castaneous markings composed of irregular spots and two

central longitudinal lines ; a few minute castaneous points

in the hyaline margins. Tegmina hyaline testaceous, Avitli

castaneous spots disposed along the veins, denser at two

points in the marginal field, forming two indistinct maculae;

an oblique castaneous fascia on the right tegmen extending

from the middle of the anal field to the apical third of the

radial vein ; mediastinal vein with two branches, radial vein

not bifurcated, twelve costal veins ; anterior ulnar vein

sending several branches to the sutural margin, posterior

ulnar vein simple ; anal vein somewhat sinuate, its apex

suddenly bent inwards. Wings hyaline; nine costal veins,

the six basal clavately incrassated, the apical three ramose;

ulnar vein with five branches. Abdomen infuscated above,

testaceous, marbled with fuscous below ; supra-anal lamina

short, transverse ; subgenital lamina ample, somewhat irre-

gular, the left style larger than the right and curved (cerci

mutilated) . Legs testaceous ; tibise banded wntli castaneous ;

tarsi fuscous except the basal two thirds of the first joint;

front femora not armed beneath ; mid and hind femora

sparsely spined ; apical spines T, -}-, } ; no genicular spine on

front femora.

31

new Species of BlattlJa3.

Length of body 9 imn. ; leiigtli of tcgmiiia 10 mm.; pro-

notum 2*2 x 4' 5 mm.

Singapore, Botanic Gardens {II. N. Ridley) ; one example

(Oxford Museum).

The s[)ecies in the eharactcrs presented by the femora and

supra-anal lamina resembles the Ectobinje, but the wing-

structure is typically Phyllodromine.

Pliijllodromia albovarieyata, sp. n.

$ . Head dark eastaneous, with two diverging testaceous

lines running from the vertex to the sides of the clypeus;

clypeus rufo-testaceous ; palpi fusco-testaceous ; antennae

testaceous at base, the rest fuscous. Pronotum trapezoidal,

dark castaneous, with a narrow central line testaceous, lateral

margins hyaline. Tegmiiia dark castaneous, paler towards

the apex, mediastinal field and base of marginal field hyaline ;

a transverse white fascia extending from the marginal field

to the apex of the anal field, not meeting its fellow of the

opposite side ; twelve costal veins, the apical four branched,

discoidal sectors oblique. Wings infuscated, costal margin

very narrowly flavid ; eleven costal veins, their apices iticras-

sated ; ulnar vein 5-ramose, the branches joined by trans-

verse venulse; a prominent apical triangle. Abdomen

fuscous, with a fulvous patch on the disk below ; supra-anal

lamina short, transverse ; subgenital lamina large, produced,

its apex cleft ; cerci long, testaceous. Legs testaceous, front

femora armed with several spines on the anterior margin

beneath, the more distal being the shortest of the series ;

mid femora strongly spined; hind femora sparsely spined,

apical spines j-, \ ; no genicular spine on front femora.

Length of body 6 2 mm. ; length of tegmina 7 mm.

Fernando Po (L. Conradt, 1901) ; one example (Paris

Museum) .

Phyllodromia nimbata, sp. n.

Testaceous. Head with a rufous band between the

eyes and sometimes with a narrower band between the an-

tennal sockets. Pronotum trapezoidal ; lateral margins

hyaline ; disk testaceous, with rufous markings symmetri-

cally disposed. Tegmina clear testaceous ; ten costal veins,

five longitudinal discoidal sectors. Wings hyaline; medi-

astinal vein with two branches ; eight to nine costal veins,

their apices clavately incrassated ; ulnar vein with four

branches. Abdomen infuscated above, testaceous below, with

32

Mr. R. Slielford on somo

fuscous margins ; supra-anal lamina trigonal, slightly emar-

ginatc ; suhgcnital lamina triangularly produced, with two

styles; ccrci elongate, testaceous. Legs testaeeous ; front

femoi'a armed on anterior margin beneath with a series ol:

s])ines, the most distal short and serried ; apieal spines j-, j-, } ;

all the femora with gcnieular spines.

?. Head entirely rufo-tcstaccous ; supra-anal lamina

transverse ; suhgenital lamina ample, semiorbicular, posterior

margin slightly but widely cmarginate.

cf.

Length of body 11 mm. 8*1 mm.

Length of tegmina 10 mm. 9*8 mm.

Knelling, Sarawak, Borneo; five examples (Oxford

IMuseum). [No. 29.]

Idle species is undoubtedly closely allied to Phyllodromm

lityrifera^ StM, the type of which is now before me, but

differs in the following points: — It is smaller; the head is

not marked with three castaneous bands ; the coloration of

the tegmina is difierent ; the wings are clear hyaline and

their veins pale testaceous; the costal veins are more nume-

rous; the supra-anal lamina is slightly more produced and

its apex is emarginate ; the subgenital lamina is narrower.

It is quite evident that de Saussure correctly identified

P. liturijera, StM (Mel. Orthopt. ii. p. 56, 1869), and his

detailed description of the species is perfectly accurate in

every point.

Phyllodromia nebulosa, sp. n.

^ . Head testaceous ; four longitudinal lines on the vertex,

three indistinct transverse bands on the face, castaneous.

Pronotum trapezoidal, lateral margins hyaline, disk marbled

with castaneous and testaceous. Tegmina clear testaceous,

with numerous irregular castaneous markings occurring

between the veins ; ten to eleven costal veins, five longitu-

dinal discoidal sectors. Wings hyaline ; veins testaceous,

mediastinal vein with two branches ; eight costal veins, their

apices clavately incrassated ; ulnar vein with four branches.

Abdomen infuscated ; supra-anal lamina triangular; sub-

genital lamina ample, semiorbicular, v\ith two styles, the

margin of the lamina emarginate at their points of insertion ;

cerci long, testaceous, base and apex fuscous. Legs testa-

ceous, the tibiae banded with fuscous ; armature of femora

as in the preceding species.

$ . All the castaneous markings on the head more distinct ;

33

neio Species of l^latti(U\3.

snpra-anal lamina transverse, slightly emarginate ; subgenital

lamina very large, its posterior margin slightly and asym-

metrically emarginate.

d. $.

Total length 10 mm. 11 mm.

Length of tegmina 9 mm. 8 mm.

Kuching, Sarawak, Borneo ; three examples (Oxford

Museum). [No. 30.]

The small size of the species and the marbling of the

tegmina with darker markings serve to distinguish it from

any of the described Oriental forms ; its nearest ally appears

to be P. ignohiliSy Wlk., from Sula Islands.

Phyllodromia Hewittiy sp. n.

c^. Fulvo-castaneous. Antennae equal to total length of

body, fuscous except at base. Pronotum trapezoidal, smooth,

shining, sides deflexed, not covering vertex of head, with

obscure darker markings, posterior margin slightly produced.

Tegmina with radial vein bifurcated, twenty-one costal veins,

discoidal area with nine longitudinal sectors. Wings with

marginal area somewhat coriaceous ; mediastinal vein with

five branches, radial vein bifurcated from near base; twelve

costals ; ulnar vein with three branches ; a prominent

triangular apical area. Front femora with eleven long spines

on anterior margin beneath, the more distal closely set

together ; formula of apical spines -{ ; no genicular

spine on front femora. Supra-anal lamina triangular ; sub-

genital lamina produced, highly irregular in appearance ; no

styles.

Total length 21 mm. ; length of body 18 mm. ; length of

tegmina 18 ram.

Kuching, Sarawak. [No. 27.]

This species, which I have pleasure in naming after

Mr. J. Hewitt, Curator of the Sarawak Museum, has all the

appearance of an Ischnopteray but the wing- venation is that

of a typical Phyllodromia ; it is, perhaps, most nearly allied

to P. ferrugineay Br.

Phyllodromia (?) japonicay sp. n.

$ . Rufo-castaneous, nitid, broad, short. Head with a

darker mark between the eyes ; antennae longer than the

body, fuscous except at base. Pronotum trapezoidal, sides

deflexed, not quite covering vertex of head, posterior margin

Ann. <&; Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 3

34

j\Ir. K. Sliclfoi’d on some

very angled ; a sliort black line on each side in

front. Tegmina not longer than abdomen ; radial vein bi-

furcate; eleven costals ; seven axillaries ; discoidal sectors

oblique. Wdiigs suffused Avith rufo-testaceous ; mediastinal

vein with three branches, radial vein bifurcated ; eight

costals; ulnar vein with three rami reaching apex of wing

a id two irregular and anastomosing rami which are directed

towards the apex of wing but do not reach it ; no apical

triangle. Abdomen dark castaneous above and beneath,

margined with paler ; supra-anal lamina triangular ; cerci

moderate ; subgcnital lamina ample. Legs rufo-testaceous,

all the femora strongly armed ; no genicular spine on front

femora ; formula of apical spines j, { .

Total length 15’2 mm. ; length of tegmina 12 mm.; pro-

notum 5*5 x 7'9 mm.

Kiou-Kiou, Oshima, Japan ; three examples (Paris

Museum).

This is a very puzzling species, and I include it in the

genus Phyllodromia with considerable doubt ; in general

appearance it approaches the Madagascar species of Allacta,

but it certainly does not belong to that genus. The wing-

venation is suggestive of the genus Ischnoptera, but does not

strictly conform to that type nor to the wing-venation of

Phyllodromia.

Genus Pseudophyllodkomia, Br.

Pseudophyllodromia elegans^ Shelf.

$ . Head flavo-testaceous ; a rufous band on the vertex

and between the eyes ; antennae fuscous except three basal

joints, which are testaceous ; second and third joints of

maxillary palpi black. Pronotum transversely elliptical,

anteriorly truncate, posteriorly very slightly angulate ;

lateral margins broadly, posterior margin narrowly hyaline

testaceous ; disk dark castaneous, with four testaceous

markings ; an anterior median line, stopping short before

the middle of the disk ; two dots on each side of the middle

line in the centre of the disk, a median posterior dot, in

addition a rufescent marking on each side of the disk in

front. Tegmina fusco-castaneous, marginal area and area

between radial and anal vein testaceous hyaline ; twelve to

thirteen costal veins, five discoidal sectors, five axillary veins.

Abdomen fusco-castaneous above; supra-anal lamina short,

trigonal ; abdomen beneath and legs flavo-testaceous ; sub-

genital lamina ample, tipped with fuscous, its posterior

margin cleft in the middle ; cerci moderate, testaceous.

r\ero Species o f Blatticl.'c. 35

Total length 11*5 mm. ; length of body 9 mm. ; length of

tegmina 9' 2 mm.

Maroni, Freneh Guiana (F. Gemj, 1903) ; one example

(Paris Museum).

F. histrio, Sauss., appears to be the nearest ally of this

speeies, which is ivcll marked by the dark tegmina with one

liyalinc band.

Genus Pseudectoiua^ Sauss.

Pse.udectohia AUuaudi, sp, n.

$ . Rufo-testaceous. Antennae and mouth-parts testa-

ceous. Pronotum coA^ering vertex of head^ trapezoidal ;

anterior margin truncate, posterior margin obtusely angled,

lateral margins pellucid, with an opaque testaceous sub-

marginal band bordered inw^ardly by a rufous suffusion.

Tegmina convex, nitid, venation of anal and discoidal fields

obsolete; anal vein deeply impressed, arcuate, reaching

sutural margin at a point on one half of its length ; fifteen

costals. Wings small, hyaline ; radial vein bifurcated near

its apex ; twelve costal veins ; ulnar vein triramose ; apical

triangle well defined, projecting beyond the anterior margin.

Abdomen broad ; supra-anal lamina triangular ; subgenital

lamina semiorbicular, projecting slightly beyond the supra-

anal lamina. Front femora with eleven spines along the

anterior margin beneath ; hind femora with four pairs of

spines ; genicular spines and a pair of apical spines on each

femur.

Total length 10 mm. ; length of tegmina 7 mm.; pro-

notum 3x5 mm.

Diego Suarez, Madagascar {Alluaud, April 1896) ; one

example (Paris Museum).

De Saussure created this genus or subgenus for the recep-

tion of the species Luneli, Sauss., liturifera, Stal, insularis,

Sauss., regarding the apical triangle and branched ulnar

vein of the wings of prime importance. As I have shown

(Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 231, 1906), the presence of an

apical triangle in the wings is a feature that appears in so

many subfamilies of Blattidae, that, taken by itself, it is of

small value for purposes of generic distinction. I do not

believe that liturifera, Stal, and insularis, Sauss., are con-

generic, and 1 have seen the types of both species ; Luneli,

Sauss., is congeneric with liturifera, Stal, and I do not see

how either species can be separated from the genus Phyllo-

dromia ; insularis^ Sauss.^ is a broad convex insect, very

]\Ir. R. Slielford on some

r,G

(lifTcrent from the other two species, and may well be selected

as the type of tlic genus, which can be distinguished by the

following cliaractcrs : —

Broad, convex insects ; the tegraina not projecting much

beyond the tip of the abdomen, their venation sometimes

obsolete in the anal and discoidal fields. Wings with an

apical triangle, the ulnar vein ramose. Femora generally

strongly armed. Supra-anal lamina variable, but usually

produced.

Type of the genus P. insulans, Sauss.

The other species of the genus are P. hipunctata, Wlk.,

P. adimonialis, Wlk. ( = Lupparia adimonialis)^ possibly

P. latipennis, Br. ( = Phyllodromia latipennis), and the new

species described above. Of the species previously included

in the genus, P. pallidula, Boh, and P. voeltzkowiana, Sauss.

& Zehnt., have the supra-anal lamina produced, the abdomen

is missing in P. Luneli, Sauss., and in P. intermedia, Sauss. &

Zehnt. ; it is probable that the shape of this tergite is as

variable as in the’ genus Phyllodromia, and too much reliance

should not be placed on its transverse form in P. subpectinata,

Sauss. & Zehnt., and P. antiguensis, Sauss. & Zehnt. In all

these species the armature of the femora is most variable.

They cannot be placed in the genus Theganoptery x on account

of the ramose character of the vena ulnaris alarum {cf. Trans.

Ent. Soc. p. 232, 1906), but the presence of a triangular apical

area in the wings does not forbid their entry in the genus

Phyllodromia, seeing that this character does occur in several

well-marked and well-recognized species of that genus.

P. punctulata , Sauss. & Zehnt., must be referred to the genus

Theganoptery X,

Subfam. Nyctiborin^.

Nyctibora bicolor, sp. n.

? . Head entirely black, with a scanty erect pubescence

on the front ; ocelli minute, testaceous ; antennae incrassated,

black, apical joints rufescent, densely pubescent. Pronotnm

transversely elliptical, anterior border not nearly covering

vertex of head ; posterior border more arcuate than anterior,

covering the scutellum; disk with tw^o converging impressions,

flavo-testaceous, with a shield-shaped black mark on the disk,

posterior margin with a fine black line. Tegmina coriaceous,

serio-punctate and reticulate between the raised veins, not

pubescent ; the basal three fifths flavo-testaceous, the apical

two fifths dark castaneous; radial vein black throughout its

new i,Sjn<?c/e.9 oy’ Blattidio. 37

length, sutural margins black, anal vein deeply impressed,

mediastinal vein sending several l)i’anelies to the margin,

costals numerous. Wings dark castaneous, ulnar vein with

nine branches. Abdomen entirely black, except apical halt*

of subgenital lamina, which is flavo-testaceous ; supra-anal

lamina triangular, produced ; subgenital lamina ample, its

lateral margins shortly produced ; cerci black (mutilated).

Legs black ; front femora unarmed, mid femora with four

spines on posterior margin, none on anterior margin ; hind

femora with two spines on posterior margin, none on anterior

margin ; genicular spines on second and third femora; formula

of apical spines f , -}-, 1.

Total length 26’8 mm.; length of body 17 mra. ; length

of tegmina 23'8 mm. ; pronotum 6 mm. X 8’5 mm.

Yarimaguas, Peru [Salle, 1886) ; one example (Paris

Museum).

This species, that described below, and N. crassicornis,

Burm., should probably be included in a new genus, charac-

terized by the incrassated antenuje, shape of the pronotum,

and sparse armature of the femora.

Nyctibora nigrocincta, sp. n.

^ . Head entirely black ; antennae black, except apical

joint, which is castaneous, incrassated, pubescent. Pronotum

as in the preceding species, but with the lateral and posterior

margins slightly reflected and with a very scanty recumbent

pubescence, yellow, with a shield-shaped black mark on the

disk. Tegmina long, coriaceous at base and reticulate, not

pubescent ; four branches to the mediastinal vein, costals

numerous ; colour yellow, radial vein at base, a broad streak

on sutural margin of anal field, a broad band from near the

costal margin to the sutural margin in the apical third, black;

apex castaneous. Wings fusco-castaneous ; a broad pre-apical

yellow band ; costals irregular, six branches to the ulnar vein.

Abdomen black above and below; supra-anal lamina tri-

angular ; subgenital lamina produced, very convex, with two

styles ; cerci black. Legs black ; front femora with no spines

beneath ; mid femora with three to four spines on posterior

margin, none on anterior margin ; hind femora with five

spines on posterior margin, none on anterior margin ; geni-

cular spines on the mid and hind femora ; formula of apical

spines f

$ . Similar to S ) but rather larger, the black band ex-

tending right across the tegmina, castaneous apex of tegmina

more extended, subgenital lamina as in N. bicolor, mihi.

?>H

IMr. Iv. Slid ford on some

S. Total Icngtli 24 rum.; Icngjtli of body 17‘5 mm.;

Icii^’tli of tej^mina 20 mm. ; pronotum 4’2 mm. X 6 mm.

? . Total lenjijtli 27 mm. ; length of body 20*2 mm. ;

length of tegmina 21 mm. ; pronotum 5 mm. x 8 mm.

Colombia ; four examples (Oxford Museum).

Subfam. Etilamfrinm.

Genus Notolampra, Sauss.

Notolmnpra antillarum, sp. n.

cf . Castaneous. Head and antennae testaeeous, the

former with a few seattered castaneous punetures. Pro-

notum not punctate^ castaneous, the lateral borders broadly,

the anterior margin narrowly, testaceous, semiopaque, with

a few scattered fuscous or castaneous dots. Tegmina

castaneous, the lateral borders testaceous, semiopaque with

scattered castaneous dots, these borders are continuous with

the pronotal testaceous borders and are broadest at the base,

narrowing to the apex ; radial vein marked at its base by a

dark line, no other veins visible ; surface of tegmina serio-

punctate. Wings rufo-testaceous ; intercalated apical tri-

angle small. Abdomen rufo-testaceous ; supra-anal lamina

triangular, slightly notched ; subgenital lamina trigonal,

somewhat asymmetrical with two styles; cerci short. Legs

testaceous spotted with castaneous ; front femora with two

spines only at base of anterior margin beneath, rest of

anterior margin occupied by piliform setae, one spine on

posterior margin ; mid and hind femora with two spines on

anterior margin, four on posterior margin; formula of apical

spines o ’ genicular spine on front femora.

Total length 19 mm. ; length of tegmina 14 mm. ; pro-

notum 6 mm. X 7*5 mm.

Trinite, Martinique [A. Bourgouin, 1901) ; one example

(Paris Museum).

The species is most closely allied to Notolampra punctata,

Sauss., from Brazil, but differs in the testaceous borders of

the tegmina and in its proportions.

Genus Apsidopis, Sauss.

Apsidopis Waltacei, sp. n.

$ . Pale testaceous. Frons concave and transversely

striated ; a chevron-shaped depression at base of clypeus and

two marks between the eyes castaneous ; antemue fuscous

new Species of Blaf lid^e. oO

except basal joint ; eyes 1 J mm. a[)art. Pronotum cuoiillate,

of the form characteiistic of the gcnus^ punctate and with

nnmcrons minute fuscous or castancous rnaculte. Tej^rnina

semicoriaceous, densely serio-punctate between the veins in

the basal two thirds, in the apical third the punctures merge

into quadrangular interspaces between numerous reticulated

interstitial veins, a few minute fuscous dots are scattered

over the tegmina ; mediastinal vein with ten branches; seven

ramose costal veins ; nine anal veins, the first ramose. Wings

angulated at the apex as in the genus Derocar'dia, Sauss. ;

marginal area testaceous with fuscous spotting at apex, the

apex semicoriaceous; mediastinal vein multiran)ose ; costal

veins irregular, the interspaces filled by reticulated interstitial

veins ; ulnar vein with nineteen branches. Supra-anal lamina

ample, prominent, bilobed ; subgenital lamina semiorbicular ;

cerci slender and short. Front femora with five spines on

middle of anterior margin beneath, piliforrn* setse extending

from them to apex, two spines on posterior margin; mid

and hind femora with three to four spines on each lower

margin; formula of apical spines {, J; minute genicular

spines on mid and hind femora, none on front femora ;

posterior metatarsus shorter than remaining joints, its

pulvillus produced proximally.

Length of body 30 mm. ; length of tegmina 35 mm. ; pro-

notum 11 mm. X 12*5 mm.

Sarawak (Wallace; Wilson Saunders collection, Oxford

Museum) .

The species is close to A. oocyptera, Wlk., also from Borneo,

which exhibits the same characters of punctuation of the

tegmina; but A. oxyptera is smaller, more rufous in colour,

the proportions of the pronotum are different and the pro-

notum is less closely punctate, but more densely covered

with castaneous dots. Both species can be distinguished

from A. acutipenniSj Sauss., by their larger size.

Subfam. Blattin^.

Genus Blatta, L.

Blatta Rothschildi, sp. n,

S . Rufo-castaneous. Head with four darker markings

between the eyes; ocelli and clypeus testaceous; antennae

much longer than the body, first two joints and apical third

rufo-castaneous, remainder fuscous. Pronotum trapezoidal ;

anterior and posterior borders truncate, flavo-testaceous, a

40

^Ir. K. Sliclford on some

castaiicous marking like an inverted W on the disk, a central

testaceous line. Tcgrnina abbreviated, not extending much

beyond the second abdominal tergite, surface reticulate, anal

vein reaching internal posterior angle of tegmina. Wings

rudimentary. The first and second abdominal tergites flavo-

testaeeous, third to fifth flavo-testaceous with castaneous

lateral and posterior borders; sixth rufo-castaneous, enlarged;

seventh flavo-testaceous with central castaneous macula,

narrow, posterior margin sinuate and slightly emarginate in

the middle; supra-anal lamina quadrate, broadly emarginate,

rufo-castaneous with a testaceous macula at the postero-

lateral angles. Cerci black, apices rufo-castaneous. Abdo-

men beneath rufo-castaneous, lateral margins castaneous and

a castaneous stigma on second to fourth sternites ; sub-

genital lamina notched on each side, the long slender styles

springing from the notches. Legs rufo-castaneous. Meta-

tarsus scarcely equal to remaining joints, spined beneath,

its pulvillus minute.

$ . Head black ; ocelli, clypeus, gense, vertex flavo-

testaceous ; antennse rufo-castaneous. Pronotum as in ^ ,

but the discal black marking much enlarged, so that it

occupies all the disk, leaving only a narrow sinuate flavo-

testaceous margin, no central testaceous line. Tegmina

squamiform, not extending beyond metanotum, black, with

a yellow line at base ; mesonotum, metanotum, and first five

abdominal tergites black, with a broad central transverse

flavo-testaceous band; sixth tergite enlarged, concavely

depressed, black with flavo-testaceous lateral and posterior

margins ; seventh tergite somewhat triangularly produced,

black, apex slightly emarginate, flavo-testaceous ; supra-anal

lamina produced, narrower than in ^ , broadly emarginate.

Abdomen beneath and legs black, disk of abdomen rufo-

castaneous ; COX86 margined outwardly with flavo-testaceous,

tibial spines and tarsi castaneous.

S . Total length 21 mm. ; length of tegmina 10 mm. ;

pronotum 5*8 mm. x 7*2 mm.

$ . Total length 26 mm. ; length of tegmina 4 mm. ;

pronotum 8 mm. x 10 mm.

South of Lake Rudolph, Brit. E. Africa {Maurice de

Rothschild, 1905) ; five examples (Paris Museum).

The nearest ally of the species appears to be J3. nianca,

Gerst., from W. Africa.

neAO Species of Blattlilac.

41

Subfam. Oxyhaloin.e.

Genus Oxyhaloa, Br.

Oxylialoa variabilis, sp. n.

? . Rufo-castaneous. Vertex of head rufo-castaneous, a

clear testaceous band between the antennae, genae testaceous ;

frons, clypeus, labrum, palpi, and antennae shining black.

Pronotum with two oblique impressions anteriorly, with a

few minute punctures from which spring short slender hairs.

Tegmina with the veins fuscous, sparsely pubescent, very

variable in length, in some examples reaching tip of abdomen,

in others lanceolate and extending no further than the third

tergite ; thirteen costals ; discoidal field reticulate. Wings

as variable in length as the tegmina, flavid at base, the rest

infuscated; veins fuscous, ulnar vein with eight to nine rami,

the basal ones transverse. Abdomen broad, black above,

the margins of the segments narrowly rufous, beneath rufo-

castaneous ; supra-anal lamina short wdth rounded posterior

angles, not emarginate ; subgenital plate projecting beyond

the supra-anal lamina, fuscous, ample, its margin sinuated ;

cerci short, fuscous, tipped with rufous. Legs black, apices

of coxas and femora rufous, tibial spines rufous.

Total length from 16 mm. to 13*5 mm. ; length of body

from 16 mm. to i2'5 mm. ; length of tegmina from 11 mm.

to 8 mm. ; breadth of pronotum from 6*2 mm. to 5 mm. ;

length of pronotum from 4*5 to 4 mm.

Interior of Djibouti (Hermann) ; one example (Paris

Museum).

This is the smallest species of the genus, and is remarkable

on account of the variation in size of the wings and tegmina ;

apparently this variation bears no relation to the variation

in size of the individual, for one of the smallest specimens

has long tegmina and one of the largest has these organs

much reduced.

Genus Paraplecta, nom. nov.

(= Cii'phisy StSl.)

The name Cirphis, created by Stal in 1876 (ffifv. Vet.-

Akad. Forh. xxxiii. p. 74) for a cockroach (C. pallipes) from

Damara Land, is preoccupied, having been applied by VValker

in 1865 to a genus of Noctuid moths.

42

Mr. R. Slielford on some

Paraplecta adhiopica, sp. n.

. Castancous, smooth, riitid ; vertex of head not covered

by pronotnm ; ocelli, apex of clypeus, mouth-parts, and

antennae testaceous ; minutely punctured. Pronotum trape-

zoidal, with rounded posterior angles, minutely punctured;

])Ostcrior margin truncate, exposing the scutellum Tegmina

scmicoriaccous, barely reaching apex of abdomen ; eleven or

twelve costals ; discoidal field reticulate, anal vein impressed ;

eight axillaries. Wings with a large apical reflected area,

two fifths of total wing-length, its basal margin obtusely

angled; costals highly irregular and obsolescent ; median vein

consisting of two parallel branches, with one or two trans-

verse venulse connecting them; ulnar vein with seven branches.

Abdomen castaneous above, supra-anal lamina produced ;

abdomen rufo-castaneous below, subgenital lamina asym-

metrical with one style (the left) ; cerci short, acuminate,

4-jointed. Legs testaceous ; femora spineless, tarsal claws

without arolia.

$ . Similar to cT , hut larger, tegmina and wings (when

folded) not extending beyond the sixth abdominal tergite ;

supra-anal lamina produced quadrately; subgenital lamina

ample, produced, narrowed posteriorly.

^ . Total length 9 mm. ; length of tegmina 8 mm. ; pro-

notum 3 mm. X 3*2 mm.

$ . Total length 11 mm. ; length of tegmina 7 mm.; pro-

notum 3*5 mm. x 3*8 mm.

Fernando Po (L. Conradt, 1901) ; six examples (Paris

Museum).

The species can readily be distinguished from P. pallipes,

Stal, by the wing-structure : in StaFs species there is a con-

spicuous triangular apical area which in P. (Ethiopica has

become extended to form an apical reflected area ; the

venation is very similar in both species, but in pallipes the

costals are better marked and the rami of the ulnar vein are

more numerous, the double median vein is common to both

species.

Genus Choristima, Tepper.

Choristhna, Tepper, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral, xix. p. 165 (1895).

AphlehideAi, Brancsik, Jahresh. Ver. Trencsin. Com. xix. Si xx. p. 56

(1897).

Kirby in his ^ Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera ^ (1904),

following Brancsik, places Aphlebidea in the Ectobinse ; but

as the femora are unarmed beneath and a triangular apical

field is present in the wings, the genus falls naturally into tlic

43

new Species 0/ Blatlidaj.

subfamily Oxylialoiii8c( = Plcctopterinse). Aphlebidea is un-

doubtedly the same as Tepper’s genus Choristima^ described

two years previously, and A. Bnmneri, Brancs., if not

identical with Choristinia palerucoides, Wlk., is most closely

allied. Blatta- apicifera, Wlk. (Cat. 151att. B. M. p. 110,

1868), is the male of C. galerucoides, Wlk. : the type, which

is in the British Museum, is in extremely poor condition, the

abdomen and antennae being missing; it is smaller than

the female, the tegmina and wings are relatively longer and

would, 1 imagine, extend beyond the tip of the abdomen.

Tepper^s diagnosis of the genus is extremely brief, but

Brancsik^s description of Aphlebidea is detailed enough to

render it readily recognizable. The species included in the

genus may be distinguished as follows : —

a. Subgenital lamina in 5 somewhat

cucullate.

h. Rufous C. B runner i, Brancs.

hh. Testaceous C. Kershatoi, Tepp.

aa. Subgenital lamina in $ not cucullate.

h. Piceous above C. hydrophoroides, Wlk.

bh. Rufous C. galerucoides, Wlk.

(syn. C. hftyemis, Tepp. ;

C. apicifera, Wlk.).

Chorisoneura pectinata, Sauss. (Mel. Orthopter. iv. p. 131,

1872), may be referred to a new genus, on account of the

fusion of the radial and ulnar veins of the tegmina— a con-

dition which obtains also in Ectobia, Westw., but not in the

genera Chorisonew'a, Br., or Choristima, Tepp., to which it is

most nearly allied.

Genus Ectoneura, nov.

Allied to Choristima, Tepper, but the radial and uliiar

veins of tegmina fused and emitting oblique veins to both

margins. Tegmina and wings somewhat reduced in the

female, but not to so great an extent as in Choristima ;

triangular apical area large and conspicuous. Supra-anal

lamina transverse or slightly produced; subgenital lamina

of the male narrow, triangular, of the female large and

subquadrate. Femora spineless beneath, except for apical

spines, the formula of which is -J, j, } .

Type, jE. pectinata, Sauss.

Ectoneura figurata, sp. n.

. Head fusco-castaneous with a pale testaceous band

44

jMr. R. Slielford on some

l)etwcen the eyes ; antennae testaceous. Prothorax trans-

versely elliptical, margins hyaline; disk fusco-castaneous with

the centre testaceous, on which ai*e some fuscous markings.

Tegmina hyaline with pale fuscous spots along the veins;

twelve costal veins, nine discoidal rami. Wings hyaline,

veins fusccscent ; nine costal veins ; medio-discai area twice

as broad as medio-ulnar, crossed by several irregular trans-

verse bars ; nlnar vein simple ; first axillary vein biramose,

upper branch irregularly bifurcate. Abdomen fuscous, with

testaceous markings; cerci long, fuscous, with a broad

testaceous band. Legs testaceous.

Total length 8 mm. ; length of tegmina 6"5 mm.

Five males without locality (Oxford Museum).

It is possible that this is the Blatta marcida of Erichson,

a species placed by Brunner with some doubt in the genus

Ectobia, Westw.

Genus Chorisoneura, Br.

Cliorisoneura Brunneri, sp. n.

$ . Head fuscous, vertex rufo-castaneous ; antennse fuscous

at base, the remainder testaceous. Prothorax transversely

elliptic, disk fuscous, margins hyaline. Tegmina castaneous

with hyaline costal margin and with fuscous humeral vitta,

veins white ; sixteen costal veins, very irregular; median vein

distinct, longitudinal, discoidal vein with four irregular

branches ; the whole surface of the tegmina is much re-

ticulated, and the veins are rather obscured thereby ; the

part of the right tegmen covered by the left is infuscated.

Wings fuscous, the edge of the marginal field yellowish ;

eleven costal veins, their ends swollen, joined by transverse

bars ; medio-discai field crossed by several transverse bars ;

ulnar vein arcuate, simple; apical triangle unevenly divided,

its base acutely angled, its apex subtruncate. Abdomen

fulvous, legs testaceous. Cerci long, testaceous.

Total length 8'5 mm. ; length of tegmina 7‘5 mm.

Rio Grande do Sul. Two examples labelled in Brunner

V. WattenwyPs band writing Chorisoneura, sp. n.'’^ (Oxford

Museum) .

The species appears to be distinct from anything described ;

perhaps it shows most affinity with C. anomala, Sauss. &

Zehnt.

Chorisoneura morosa, sp. n.

. Head rufo-fuscous, with a pale narrow transverse

line between the eyes ; antennsc (mutilated) testaceous ;

45

new Species o/Blattida3.

pronotum with the disk fuscous, marj^ins hyaline. Tegmina

pale fulvous, surface not reticulated, veins prominent and

white, a fuscous humeral vitta ; twelve costal veins, the last

two biramose; the humeral vein also giving off four rami to

the sutural margin, the discoidal vein giving off only three;

ulnar vein triramose. Wings infuscated, edge of marginal

field yellow ; fourteen costal veins, medio-discal field crossed

by numerous transverse bars ; ulnar vein forked at apex,

axillary vein triramose; apical area unequally divided,

acutely angled at base, its apex subtruncate. Body and legs

testaceous beneath.

Total length 9 mm. ; length of tegmina 7 mm.

Cachabi, Ecuador (W. F. H. Rosenberg coll., Dec. 1896) ;

one example (Oxford Museum).

The species is evidently allied to C. traiislucida, Sauss.,

from Mexico.

Subfam. Panchloein^.

Genus Zetobora, Burm.

Zetobora lata, sp. n.

^ . Head black ; labrum golden ; antennse at base black,

nitid, the rest fuscous, villose. Pronotum with anterior

margin strongly rounded in the middle, less so laterally, the

margin slightly reflected, the posterior margin only slightly

curved, the postero-lateral angles slightly notched ; disk with

a humeral carina on each side, the ‘Miood'’-’ with a few

tubercles, nitid, the sides with numerous tubercles of various

sizes, a few granules on the front ; castaneous except for a

testaceous hyaline patch, semicircular in shape, in front ;

scutellum with central carina and a few punctures. Tegmina

broad, scarcely exceeding the abdomen in length, testaceo-

hyaline, anal field and humeral vein castaneous ; marginal

field very broad, its outer border slightly thickened and

margined ; mediastinal area with large shallow punctures ;

anal field reticulate-punctate ; discoidal field reticulate ;

apex broadly rounded. Supra-anal lamina quadrate, notched ;

subgenital lamina produced, rather asymmetrical, with one

style (the right). Abdomen castaneous ; the dorsal tergites

with their posterior angles strongly produced backwards

and projecting considerably beyond the sternites, very much

as in the genus Capucina, Sauss.

46

Mr. 11. Sbelford on some

Total Icnj^th 22 mm. ; length of tegmina 25 mm. ; breadth

of tegmeri 13 mm. ; pronoturn 10 mm. x 16*2 mm.

The species is characterized by its great breadth in pro-

portion to its length ; the notched postero-lateral angles of

the pronoturn are also distinctive.

Subfam. Corybinm.

Genus Euthyrrapha.

Euthyrrapha bigeminata, sp. n.

$ . Very similar to E. pacifica^ Coq., but the pronoturn

entirely fuscous, a round pale testaceous spot on eaeh tegmen

beyond the middle ; the abdomen beneath is orange with the

apex fuscous. The tegmina at base are slightly rugose,

minutely punctate, and furnished with an erect pubescence ;

the apex of the tegmina appears velvety. Legs fuscous,

coxal joints and tibial spines castaneous. Subgenital lamina

strongly carinate.

Total length 7’5 mm. ; length of body 5 mm. ; length of

tegmina 6 mm.

Ivory Coast, W. Africa (G. ThoirSj 1901) ; one example

(Paris Museum).

Subfam. Ferisprmrinjj:.

Genus Paranauphceta, Br.

Paranaupheeta Brunneri, sp. n.

$ . Closely allied to P. rufipes, Haan, but smaller. Head

with three maculae on the vertex ; the ocelli, genae, clypeus,

and basal joints of the palpi testaceous; apical joints of

antennse not testaceous. Pronoturn with the testaceous

margins much narrower than in P. rufipes. Tegmina and

wings as in P. rufipes. Abdomen above less strongly marked

with testaceous ; subgenital lamina ample, produced, emar-

ginate. Coxae testaceous, castaneous at base ; femora

testaceous at base, remainder castaneous ; tibiae and tarsi

r uf o-castaneous .

Total length 20 mm.; length of body 18 mm. ; length of

tegmina 17T mm.

Kuehing, Sarawak [Shelford, 1900) ; one example (Oxford

Museum).

47

nen) Sj.ecics of l>lattida3.

Genus Eustegasta_, Gerst.

Eusiegasta agrilidina, sp. n.

^ . Black, nitid, with dark green metallic reflections.

Head entirely of this colour except the labrum, which is

testaceous ; antennje with five basal joints, black, nitid,

remainder fuscous. Prouotum of typical form, broadly

bordered laterally with orange. Tegmina with an orange

spot at base of discoidal area, another in apical third of

marginal area. Abdomen above fuscous, broadly margined

with orange, beneath orange; supra-anal lamina short,

trigonal, fuscous ; subgenital lamina small, asymmetrical,

without styles, black ; cerci pale testaceous. Front legs

orange ; mid and hind coxae black, outwardly bordered with

white, femora and tibiae orange, all the tarsi fuscous; front

femora with two spines on anterior margin beneath ; mid

femora with one spine on anterior margin, none on posterior

margin ; hind femora with one spine on anterior margin,

three on posterior margin ; formula of apical spines -J, 1 ;

no genicular spine on front femora.

Total length 1.2-5 mm.; length of body 10 mm.; length

of tegmina 10*1 mm.

N'^Kogo, Freueh Congo {H. Bonnet, 1903) ; one example

(Paris Museum).

The nearest ally of the species is E. metallica, Sauss.

Eustegasta variegata, sp. n.

(f . Head testaceous ; occiput, a cordate patch on the

frons, the genae, two spots on the clypeus, and the palpi cas-

taneous or black ; antennae black, the six basal joints nitid.

Prouotum testaceous, the disk rufo-castaneous, with two

black longitudinal vittae of irregular shape. Tegmina rufo-

castaneous ; mediastinal area and two thirds of marginal area

clear testaceous, the stripe at its termination expanding into

a spot that extends on to the outer part of discoidal field ;

a humeral stripe ; the anal vein and a longitudinal stripe in

the anal field black, faint indications of a testaceous spot at

base of discoidal field. Wings flavo-hyaline ; median vein

bifurcate ; ulnar vein with ten rami, four of which reach the

apex of the wing. Abdomen orange above and beneath ;

supra-anal lamina quadrate, posterior angles acute, not

emarginate ; subgenital lamina asymmetrical, with one style,

the right ; cerci orange. Coxse black, outwardly bordered

with testaceous; front femora castaneous, the other femora

48 ^Ir. H. Slielford on some new Species o/Blattida3.

and all tlie tibia3 davo-testaceous; tibial spines rufo-castaneous^

a[)ical joints of tarsi fuscous ; femoral spines as in preceding

species, except that the mid femora have no spines beneath.

Total length 13'8 mm. ; length of body 10 mm. ; length

of tegmina 10*8 mm.

Congo [Dyhowski, 189G) ; two examples (Paris Museum).

Nearest to E. Lueci, Dom.

Genus Ellipsica, Sauss. & Zehnt.

Ellipsica rugosa^ sp. n.

$ . Blacky narrowly elliptical^ convex. Head punctate;

clypeus_, mouth-parts, and antennse flavo-testaceous. Sides

of the thoracic tergites strongly deflexed, their posterior

angles acute and produced backwards, their surface beset

with tubercles, between which are numerous punctures ; on

the meso- and metanotum the tubercles are in a double row,

on the pronotum they are less regularly placed. Abdominal

tergites transversely divided by a sulcus into two unequal

portions ; the anterior narrow portion is im punctate and

smooth, the posterior portion is marked by a double row of

punctures followed by a double row of tubercles ; the

transverse sulci are laterally very deep, especially in the

posterior segments, and one row of punctures lies in these

sulci; on the seventh tergite the tubercles are larger and

less regularly arranged than in the preceding segments.

Supra-anal lamina quadrate, margined, tuberculate. Abdo-

minal sternites transversely divided by sulci like the tergites,

punctate but not tuberculate; subgenital lamina ample,

punctate. Legs black, tarsi flavo-testaceous, arolia large.

Total length 15 mm. ; pronotum 5 mm. x 7 mm.

West coast of Madagascar {Lantz, 1882) ; two examples

(Paris Museum).

The species is quite unlike any other of the genus in its

tuberculate characters.

Genus Pseudoglomeris, Br.

Pseudoglomeris magnifica, sp. n.

$ . Brilliant metallic green or blue-green. Head punc-

tate ; eyes 1 mm. apart ; base of antennse and palpi

flavid, apical half of antennse fuscous, middle section

castaneous. Pronotum semiorbicular, posterior angles back-

wardly produced ; anterior border margined and slightly

Colonel C. Swinhoe on new Ihterocera.

49

reflected, densely punctate ; anteriorly the punctures are

irregular, producing a I'eticulate appearance; a few irregular

smooth spaces on all the thoracic tergites ; thorax bcneatli

black, shining. Abdomen with large shallow punctures

above; lateral margins of fifth and sixth segments slightly

sinuate, four or five punctures in the sulci of third to sixth

segments ; supra-anal lamina quadrate, slightly concave,

angles rounded ; abdomen beneath mrieous, densely punctate,

lateral smooth stigmata on each segment ; subgenital lamina

ample, sinuate, striato-punctate. Cerci rufous. Coxce, apices

of femora, tibiae, and tarsi rufo-testaceous ; femora castaneous.

Total length 23 mm. ; pronotum 7‘8 mm. x 14 mm.

Tuyen-Quan, Central Tonkin (A, Weiss, 1901) ; a long

series of specimens in all stages of growth (Paris Museum).

This is one of the most brilliantly-coloured cockroaches

known to science ; its colour is reminiscent of the gorgeous

metallic-green Cetoniid beetles of the Eastern Tropics.

111. — New Eastern, Australian, and African TIeterocera.

By Colonel C. Swinhoe, M.A., F.L.S., &c.

Family Bombycida.

Andraca apodecta^ nov.

3" ? . Of a uniform ochreous-fawn colour, the male slightly

suffused with brownish and darker than the females ; shafts

of the antennm dark brown above, white at the sides, pectina-

tions of the male brown ; some whitish suffusion along the

outer portions of the costa in the male, not present in the

females : fore wings with three transverse indistinct grey

lines or thin bands — antemedial, medial, and discal, the two

former sinuous, the latter deeply angled outwardly below the

costa : hind wings with two medial lines and with the ground-

colour of the wings paling towards the costa : the hairs on the

abdominal margin dark brown, this margin curved inwards

but without any excision. Underside paler, lines as above.

Expanse of wings, ^ inches.

Patiang, W. Sumatra ; one male, two females.

The fore wings are not so produced as in the type species

of the genus, bipunctata. Walker, from India, and it is

without the excision of the abdominal margin of the hind

wing as in that species, but it has every other character of

the genus.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 4

50

Colonel C. Swinhoe on new Easiern^

Family Aganiidae.

Asota pTiilippinensiSj nov.

(3'. Palpi black, first and second joints with white stripes;

frons white, with a black central spot ; head and body deep

chrome-yellow ; a black spot at the base of each antenna; a

black and white collar, a black thin band behind it; a black

spot on each shoulder, another on the thorax near the base of

the abdomen, a black stripe on the thorax at the base of the

fore wings, black dorsal spots on the first five segments of

the abdomen, and a double row on each segment below : fore

wings dark purplish grey, as in A. paphos^ with a deep

chrome-yellow subbasal patch, which does not touch the

costa, which is there black intersected by white, making four

square marks ; the immediate base is white, with a black

spot, followed by another on the inner edge of the chrome

patch ; an elongated spot on the lower side of the patch, an

angled spot on the middle of the outer side and a round spot

above it ; veins whitish, most prominently on the outer

portions of the wing : hind wdngs black, whitish above the

cell ; some whitish longitudinal short streaks in the disk ; a

long streak in the abdominal marginal space and an outwardly

recurved w hitish discal line or thin band, which ends near the

extremity of the long streak. On the underside the wings

are slaty grey for two thirds, slaty black with whitish veins

on the outer third ; a large patch or spot at the end of each

cell ; a small spot near the base on the fore wings and one

in the middle of the cell on the hind wings; the veins are

marked with slaty black on both wings ; the discal recurved

band is clear on the hind wings, and indications of a some-

what similar band on the fore wings; cilia white above and

below.

Expanse of wings 2/^ inches.

Cagayancillo, Philippines, Jan. 6, 1903 (type in B. M.).

A handsome insect, belonging to the papkos group.

Digama costimacula^ nov.

. Antennae simple ; palpi white, with black spots at the

tips of each joint ; frons, head, thorax, and fore wings dark

slaty grey, frons and head with white and black spots at the

sides ; abdomen pale dull pink, with dorsal grey dots : fore

wings with three prominent subcostal white spots very close

to the costal line, the spots more or less square, the middle

one the largest, the first smooth, one fifth from the base, the

last at one fourth from the apex : hind wings yellow, w’ith

51

Australian^ and African Fleterocera.

blackish-brown outer marginal border, terminating abruptly

one third from the anal angle. Underside : body and wings

yellow ; fore wings with a black cell-spot ; the outer third of

the wing dark slaty grey, the middle portion of its innor

margin extending- in an angle into the wing.

Expanse of wings inch.

Gold Coast (IK. H, Johnston) (type in B. M.).

Belongs to the Hearseyana group.

Digama lithosioides^ nov.

^ . Palpi white, with black bands at the ends of the last

two joints ; antennae simple ; frons and head white, two

black spots in front of the antsnnse, one between them, two on

the collar; thorax and fore wings dull ochreous grey, veins

grey and rather prominent ; hind wings and abdomen dark

ochreous ; the wings are rather longer than usual, and the

example looks like a Lithosid ; there are no markings above

or below, except a small black dot at the end of cell of the

fore wings below.

Expanse of wings 2 inches.

One male, Hills of Terta, Kilimanjaro, E. Africa (type

in B. M.).

Digama meridionalis^ nov.

^ . Antennse ciliated ; palpi grey, with blackish bands at

the ends of the last two joints ; head, thorax, and fore wing^

dark grey, much as in the common Indian form Hearseyana^

Moore; two black spots in front of the antennae, one imme-

diately behind, two on the collar, and two on the thorax in

front : fore wings with black spots on the costa, three inside

the cell, one at the base, and two beyond it below' the cell;

discal and medial transverse, brown, erect bands below the

cell and an outw^ardly curved, very highly dentated, discal,

brown band and similar but smaller dentations on the outer

margin ; abdomen and hind wings yellow, the latter without

markings ; the abdomen is more ochreous and darker in colour

than the hind wings and has black dorsal spots : the wings

are long ; fore wdng narrow, with the hinder margin curved

outw’ards before the middle. The underside is uniform pale

yellow ; wings without markings, except a black dot at the

end of the cell of the fore wings ; abdomen with lateral black

spots.

Expanse of wings inch.

Johannesburg [A, T. Cooke) ; one male.

4^

52

Colonel C. Svvinlioe on new Eastern^

Digama africana^ nov.

$ . Antennai of male bipectinate ; palpi grey, with black

bands at the tips of the last two joints ; frons and head white,

thorax greyish white ; two black dots on the collar, four in a

transverse row on the fore part of the thorax ; abdomen

ochreous, with dorsal black segmental dots : fore wings dark

ochreous grey, with a purplish tinge, one fifth at base white,

divided by a grey transverse line, containing a black spot in

the cell and one near hinder angle ; a white medial band,

consisting of a large white square patch containing a black

spot on the costa and a much smaller patch on the hinder

angle ; another white patch on the costa at two thirds, with a

tliin white band running down from it to the hinder angle,

angled outwards in its middle, with a curious incomplete

white circular mark near the inner side of the angle.

The above is a description of a female from Tonga ; the

otlier female and the male from Samburu have all the white

bands more or less traceable, but very obscure from greyish

suffusion ; the hind wdngs are dark ochreous yellow, with a

narrow band at the apex, not continued on the costa or outer

margin. On the underside all three examples are identical,

being entirely yellow, the fore wings having some traces of

the upperside markings and the costal spot rather prominent.

Expanse of wings, ^ inch.

Samburu, British East Africa {Betton) ; one male. Tonga,

British East Africa ; two females. Types in B. M.

Digama elongata^ nov.

^ . Antennae with the shafts white, pectinations black ;

palpi black, white beneath ; frons, head, body, and wings

white; frons with a large black spot, a small one on the top

of the head, three on the thorax down the middle, and three

on each side ; abdomen with a dorsal row : fore wings with

pale blackish broad bands, first basal, for one fifth with a

white mark at the base, its outer margin with an outward

dentation above the middle and extends in a streak along

the hinder margin, joined on the costa to the second band,

which has irregular margins on each side and runs obliquely

from the middle of the costa to the liinder margin one third

from the angle ; the third band is discal and runs down only

a short distance from the costa, and narrows down to two little

spots; the fourth band is composed of elongated spots on the

Australian^ and African ITeterocera. 53

outer margiti : liiiul wings dull white, with a rather broad,

grey, marginal band.

Expanse of wings ineh.

Eb Urm, British East Africa (Betto?i) (type in B. M.).

The fore wing*s longer than usual in the genus.

Family Acontiidae.

Eublemma acarodes^ nov.

. Palpi, frons, head, and fore part of the thorax pure

white, rest of the thorax, abdomen, and wings pale greyish,

veins on both wings darker grey : fore wings with the costal

line dark grey ; a very broad, dark pink, oblique band, occu-

pying more than half the outer portion of the wing, its inner

margin dark grey and well defined, its outer margin sufi’used

w ith the dark grey colour of the outer margin of the wing :

hind wings without markings. Underside : body, legs, and

wdngs white : fore wings suffused with grey except for a

broad subcostal ochreous streak from the base for more than

half the length of the wing.

Expanse of wings yV inch.

Bihd, W. Africa ; one example.

Somewhat resembling E. derogata^ Walker, from India.

Tar ache amydray nov.

. Palpi white, with grey bands on the last two joints;

head, body, and fore wings dark iron-grey ; frons white, with

two grey spots ; abdomen with white segmental lines : fore

wdngs with the orbicular and reniform w^hitish, the former

containing one, the latter two dark grey spots ; the entire

wing picked out with many whitish marks, transverse,

sinuous, ante- and postmedial, and submarginal lines, and

some whitish dots on the costa : hind wings uniform greyish

white ; cilia of both wings grey, with a whitish interline.

Underside : fore wings uniform pale grey, with some blackish

and ochreous spots on the outer half of the costa ; hind wings

pale, with a discal curved grey line ; body and legs whitish,

the latter with blackish bands.

Expanse of wings y^y inch.

Bihe, W. Africa ; one example.

Tarache apateliay nov.

? . White, palpi wdth last joints black ; the frons projec-

tion with two black spots touching each other; thorax with

54

Colonel C. Svv inhoe on new Eastern,

black spots ; abdomen suffused with grey, with black seg-

mental bands : fore wings almost entirely covered with dis-

located blackish bands, subbasal, ante- and postmedial, and

marginal, the last the broadest, only extending two thirds

upwards, with a black spot on the costa : hind wings white,

with grey marginal borders and a grey dot at the end of the

cell. Underside paler, slightly ochreous tinged, markings

showing through : hind wings with an additional large grey

spot on the costa beyond the middle : body white; legs wiiite,

with grey bands.

Expanse of wings 1 inch.

Bihd, W. Africa ; one example.

There are several unnamed examples from British East

Africa in the B. M. Trifid Draw’er 195 which are identical

w'ith my specimen.

Family Pyraustidae.

Isocentris char oj) alls, nov.

d* Above clear ochreous-yellow ; palpi dark brown at the

base : fore wings with a black subcostal spot near the base ;

transverse lines browm, antemedial nearly erect, medial

descending to the hinder margin from a lunular line at the

end of the cell, and postmedial from costa to vein 2; a sub-

marginal line, follow’ed by a silvery line, and a marginal

chocolate thin band, all close together ; cilia wliite, thickly

interlined with chocolate-brown: hind wdngs with a discal

'line, curving deeply inwards at vein 4, the marginal marks

as in the fore wings. Underside : pectus and body white ;

legs yellow above, white beneath ; tarsi with blackish-brown

bands ; wings pale yellowish ; fore wings with some of the

interior lines visible ; hind wings without markings.

Expanse of wings inch.

Queensland j one example.

Blepharomastix liedycliroalis, nov.

Bright ochreous yellow, transverse lines brown: fore

wings with a short line on the lower half very near the base;

an antemedial, outwardly curved, even line ; a lunular line

at the end of the cell ; a somewhat irregular and crenuhited

discal line, which bends outwards below the costa, then curves

deeply inwards to the lower end of the cell, then again bends

outwards near the hinder margin, to which it then runs down

straight ; a row of brown points near outer margin : hind

55

Australian^ and African Heterocera,

wings whitish in the cell and costal space, with a discal,

irregular, recurved line; cilia of both wings yellow. Under-

side paler than above ; fore tarsi with narrow blackish-brown

bands.

Expanse of wings inch.

Port Blair, Andaman Islands; one example.

Calamochrous homochroalisj nov.

$ . Pale greyish ochreous ; upper side of palpi, frons, and

top of head chocolate-brown ; lines brown, tliin and crenu-

lated : fore wings with an antemedial line, not reaching the

costa ; a lunular line at the end of the cell ; a discal line

fairly erect from costa to vein 2, where it bends inwards and

then downwards to the hinder margin : hind wings with a

discal recurved line. Underside with the face and body

white; legs and wings pale whitish yellow, without markings.

Expanse of wings inch.

Port Blair, Andaman Islands ; one example.

Nacoleia dairalis,

Botys dairalis, Walker, xviii. 698 (1859).

Nacoleia dairalis, Hmpsn. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 697.

Merotoma dairalis, Swinhoe, Cat. Het. Mas. Oxon. ii. p. 483 (1900).

Saraw’ak, Borneo.

Type (female), Sarawak, in B. M., and four others (all

females) from the same locality. I have received a pair

lately from Sarawak the male of which has bipectinate an-

tennse and has not the characters ascribed to the genus

Merotoma, Meyrick ; it will come into a fresh section of

Hampson’s genus Nacoleia,

Merotoma Merjriclci, nom. nov.

Merotoma dairalis, Meyrick (nec Walker), Trans. Ent. Soc. 1894,

p. 460.

Pulo Laut, Celebes.

A pair received from Mr. Meyrick from Pulo Laut are in

the B. M. with dairalis, Walker.

Pyrausta plinthinalis, nov.

^ . Pale primrose-yellow ; palpi above,, frons, head, and

thorax dark yellowish brown; palpi below w'hite; abdomen

5G

Major T. Broun on new

w'hlte, witli a brown dorsal stripe : fore wings with the costa

broadly suffused with ochreous brown, the basal portion of

the suffusion very dark ; a prominent, almost square, blackish-

brown spot fills the end of the cell ; lines thin, pale, ante-

and postmedial, the latter with an outward curve in the

middle; an outward marginal liim, much thickened and dark

brown towards the apex; cilia dark greyish ochreous : hind

wings nearly white ; a brown spot at the end of the cell ; a

discal line with an outward bend in its middle, and an outer

marginal line as in the fore wings ; cilia white. Underside

white; fore wings with a brown dot in the middle of the

cell, the spot at the end and some of the other markings

showing through the wing; hind wings with only a small

brown mark at the apex ; body and legs white without

markings.

Expanse of wings inch.

Padang, W. Sumatra ; one example.

IV. — Descriptions of Six new Species of Coleoptera from

New Zealand. By Major T. Broun, F.E.S.

Group Pogonidae.

Oopteriis pygmeatuSy sp. n.

Subovate, slightly convex, nitid, piceo-fuscous, sometimes

more rufescent ; legs and antennae fusco-testaceous or

reddish.

Head narrow^er than thorax, interocular furrows well

marked. Eyes large, moderately prominent. Thorax

cordiform, about one-third broader than long, distinctly

rounded and marginated laterally, much narrowed but not

sinuated behind the middle, posterior angles rectangular;

its surface with fine indistinct transverse rugae, discoidal

groove entire and rather feebly impressed, basal foveae

moderately large. Elytra ovate-oblong, large, marginal

channels well developed, posterior carinae distinct ; they are

more or less finely punctate-striate, sometimes irregularly

or indistinctly, but, excepting the sutural striae, they are

without sculpture near the apices; the third interstices have

three small punctures and fine setae.

Underside shining, pitchy or reddish ; fourth ventral seg-

ment wdth four setigerous punctures at the extremity, the

57

Coleoptera from New Zealand.

other segments with one on each side of the middle in the

female, in the male there are only two at the apex of the

fourth segment.

Tibioi straight, the intermediate pair and the tarsi distinctly

setose. The other characters agree with those defined hy

me on page G09, vol. xi. 1903, of the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

When compared with O. parvulus, this new species may

be at onee distinguished by the more ample and oblong, but

evidently less convex, hind body, which, moreover, does not

possess the rather coarse seulpture so apparent in the former

species. In two or three examples I notice an additional

seta at the thoracie hind angles.

Length If ; breadth | lines.

Found under stones near a stream on the Garrick Range,

near Obelisk Peak, at an elevation of 4100 feet, by Mr. J.

II . Lewis.

Group Oxytelinae.

Phloeon(jeus cordicollis, sp. n.

Elongate, subdepressed, slightly shining, rufo-testaceous,

elytra paler, finely pubescent.

Head shining, with an indistinct transverse impression

behind the eyes, behind this it is so minutely sculptured as

to appear smooth ; in front, near the eyes, it is punctate, and

seems there a little asperate and hairy ; the antennal tubercles

are prominent. Eyes rather flat, distinctly facetted, quite

lateral. Mandibles curvate, inwardly bidentate. Antennce

finely pubescent, basal articulation elongate and gradually

incrassate; the terminal three joints nearly twdee as broad as

the intermediate ones. Thorax about as long as it is broad,

truncate and widest in front, gradually curvedly narrowed

towards the rounded base, and without perceptible hind

angles ; its punctuation is moderate and rather shallow, it is

almost smooth along the middle, and the greyish pubescence

is disposed transversely. Elytra pallid, short, broader than

long, subtruncate behind, posterior angles oblique or rounded;

their surface is not definitely sculptured, but bears evident

greyish hairs. Hind-body elongate, parallel, marginated, its

five exposed segments are nearly equal and distinctly pubes-

cent, the sculpture is ill-defined ; the terminal segment is

short and retracted and is trituberculate at the extremity.

Legs of moderate length, rather slender ; tibise minutely

spinose externally, the anterior outwardly curved, with small

terminal spurs. Tarsi slender, the basal two joints, taken

58

Major T. Broun on new

togetlier^ are shorter than the apical one. Paljji with sub-

ulate terminal joints.

This may be readily identilied by its simple cordiform

thorax. M. FauveFs P. punctiventris has a shorter bisulcate

thorax and longer wing-cases.

Length IJ; breadth lines.

Collected by Mr. J. H. Lewis at Ocean Beach near

Dunedin.

Group Byrrhidae.

Pedilophorus Lewisi, sp. n.

Ovate, moderately convex, aeneo-niger ; tibiae pitchy red ;

tarsi and antennae rufescent, the basal joint of these latter,

however, piceous. Body apparently nude, but really bearing

some minute greyish setae.

Head closely and distinctly punctured, narrowed anteriorly,

the forehead subtruncate or obtusely rounded, but not

sharply defined in front, the short vertical frontal portion

nearly smooth. Labrum punctate-rugose, more or less

pilose, lateral grooves deep. Eyes large, evidently facetted,

most prominent in front. Thorax twice as broad as it is

long, narrowed anteriorly, lateral margins well-defined, front

angles rectangular and slightly projecting ; its surface closely

aJid distinctly punctured, more coarsely towards the sides.

Scutellum almost cordiform, distantly punctate. Elytra

large, moderately narrowed posteriorly, not so closely

sculptured as the thorax, much more distantly and finely,

almost obsoletely, punctured tow^ards the apices. The

female with six or seven more or less obvious striae on each

elytron, the sutural most distinct. The male with two or

three short ill-defined striae, and with series of coarse

punctures on each elytron.

Tihice finely pilose, with short terminal spines, the anterior

pair grooved along the lateral portion of the frontal face for

the reception of the tarsi, the external edges of all minutely

setose. Tarsi elongate, pilose underneath ; fourth joint

small, third prolonged below.

$ . Antennce elongate, finely pubescent, very gradually

dilated from the fifth joint onwards; basal joint stout, sub-

cylindric, and finely sculptured ; second much shorter and

narrower than the first, tapering apically ; third nearly as

long as the first, but slender; fourth shorter than the con-

tiguous ones ; sixth and seventh longer than broad ; joints

59

Coleoptera from New Zealand.

eight to ten subquaclrate ; eleventh elongate-oval ; the basal

three artieulations are less pubescent than the following

ones. My female specimen, owing to malformation, dilfers

considerably in antennal structure.

Underside, including the femora, shining pitchy-black,

moderately closely j)uncturcd, the metasternum most coarsely.

Flanks of prosternnm smooth, the intercoxal process broad,

but not prolonged and fitting into the deep angular meso-

sternal cavity. The posterior femora are accommodated in

rather large deep cavities. The abdominal sutures are nearly

straight, the fourth only being somewhat incurved.

Length 3^--3f ; breadth 2-2^ lines.

Named in honour of Mr. J. H. Lewis, who found this

fine species under stones near a stream on the Old Man

Range, Otago, at an elevation of 4100 feet. It may be

easily recognized by its rather large size and more or less

obvious elytral striae.

Group Melolonthidas.

Scythrodes squalidus.

This new genus and species of our Southern Alps was

founded (Man. N.Z. Coleopt. p. 955) on a single female

discovered by Mr. G. M. Thomson, about tw^elve years ago,

at an elevation of 6000 feet on Mount Tyndall. Quite

recently, Mr. J. H. Lewis kindly sent me some males which

he had found on Obelisk Peak, Garrick Range, at an elevation

of 4100 feet. These males exhibit several discrepancies of

sculpture and antennal structure when carefully compared

with the typical female, so it was considered best to draw up

the subjoined description so that others may not make the

mistake of treating the sexual forms as distinct species.

Body broadly oviform, only moderately convex, nigrescent,

nearly nude.

^ . Atilennee rather short, without pubescence. The basal

joint equals the following four conjointly in length, but the

portion visible from above barely exceeds the second in

length, it is gradually thickened towards the oblique apex,

which bears three or four elongate setae ; second nearly twice

as long as broad, somewhat pyriform, but unsymmetrical,

the inner side being straight whilst the outer is swollen ;

third subtriangular, obviously smaller than the contiguous

ones ; fourth triangularly cordiform, about twice the breadth

of the preceding one ; fifth remarkably short, as wide as the

GO

Major T. Broun on new

extremity of tlie fourth. Club moderately short, rather

closely })uneturcd and bearing minute brassy setae, tri-

articulate, its third lobe either slightly concave or grooved

along the outside so as, in some lights, to indicate a fourth

joint, which, however, docs not exist.

Head coarsely and irregularly punctured, the punctures

twice as numerous as in the typical female; it is sparingly

fringed with somewhat rufescent outstanding setae, and in a

small fovea close to the front of each eye there is a cluster

of about six setae. Thorax twice as broad as it is long ; the

front angles attain the middle of the eyes, the posterior are

obtusely rectangular and rest on the shoulders; the sides

are finely margined and so little curved as to appear nearly

straight except where they are narrowed towards the front ;

its surface is distinctly but irregularly punctured, between

the middle and each side the punctuation, on some spots, is

not so close, but there are no very evident smooth spaces,

the punctures usually contain greyish scale-like or sappy

matter. Elytra almost as broad as they are long, moderately

transversely convex, shoulders oblique, sides regularly

slightly rounded, apex rounded ; each with six rather broad

but not deep striae, beyond these, laterally and apically, the

seulpture is rugose and punctate, the striae, however, are not

very definitely punetured, but the whole surface being more

or less rugose some parts of the striae appear crenate ; the

interstices are broad and punctate ; the lateral margins are

not distinctly reflexed, but the channels are broad, with

coarse, transverse, and rather shallow sculpture.

Underside sparingly pilose, glossy blaek, the ventral seg-

ments with a transverse series of setigerous punctures on

each.

Tibi(B sparsely setose or hairy, the anterior a little expanded,

oblique at apex, tridentate externally, the inner calcar attains

the base of the second tarsal joint.

^ . Length 8 ; breadth 5^ lines.

Group Cryptorhynchidse.

Acalles fuscatus f sp. n.

Ovate- oblong, transversely convex, opaque, rufo-fuscous,

densely covered with depressed pale broAvn scales and sappy

matter and numerous greyish-yellow erect setae; antennae

and tarsi ferrugineous.

Rostrum as long as thorax, red, squamose at base, very

gradually and moderately narrowed towards the middle,

CoJeoptera from Neio Zealand, GL

finely punctured and irregularly longitudinally strigose.

Head immersed up to the rather flat eyes. Thorax one-third

broader than long, much contracted in front, base very

feebly sinuated, sides medially rounded, but narrowed behind ;

its punctuation close and moderately coarse, but concealed

by the covering. Scutellam invisible. Elytra oblong,

rounded and nearly vertical posteriorly, coarsely striate-

punctate.

Underside rufescent, moderately coarsely and closely

punctured, with greyish-yellow squamae and a few setae.

Pectoral canal profound, limited behind by the semi-

circularly raised margins of the mesosternum. Metasternum

very short. Abdomen large ; basal segment, in the middle,

as long as the following three conjointly, second as long as

the next two, third and fourth short, with deep straight

sutures, fifth about the length of the preceding two, with a

median fovea-like impression.

Legs long and stout, their clothing like that of the body.

Tarsi stout, third joint bilobed, but only moderately expanded.

Antenn(R elongate, inserted just before the middle of the

rostrum, their pubescence yellowish ; scape clavate and

slightly flexuous, reaching backwards to the eye ; funiculus

rather longer than the scape, second joint nearly as long as

the first, but not so stout, joints 3-7 of nearly equal

size, the seventh, however, rather broader than the others ;

club elongate, oval, apparently triarticulate.

In superficial appearance this insect is somewhat similar

to the much larger Syrnpedius vexatus (no. 890).

Length, rost. excl., 1^-1 breadth | lines.

Two examples from Mr. J. H. Lewis.

Acalles multisetosus, sp. n.

Convex^ subovate, fuscous, covered with brownish-grey

scales ; coarse, greyish, squamiform setae form a sort of

fringe round the thorax, on the hind-body there are many

outstanding, but more slender and sometimes infuscate setae,

whilst the legs and underside bear conspicuous coarse grey

ones.

Rostrum stout, slightly rufescent, squamose, finely punc-

tured. Thorax of nearly equal length and breadth, con-

stricted in front, rounded at the middle ; usually with two

grey, squamose, longitudinal streaks near the base, its surface

IS moderately coarsely punctured. Elytra oviform, obviously

broader than the thorax j they are striate-punctate, the

sculpture, however, is not easily seen.

62

On new Goleoptera from New Zealand.

Legs stout ; tibiae slightly reddish ; tarsi almost testaceous.

The pectoral canal extends almost to the middle of the

intermediate coxae. Metasternum very short, but the basal

ventral segment is large, the terminal one is red.

This minute species is most nearly allied to Pascoe^s

A. perpusillus (no. 870).

I-iength, rost. excl., | ; breadth f line.

This species also is from the collection of Mr. Lewis.

Group Cossonidae.

Agastegnus rufescenSj sp. n.

Elongate^ subdepressed, subcylindric, finely pubescent,

moderately glossy, infuscate-red ; rostrum and thorax quite

red, head darker.

Rostrum shorter than thorax, nearly cylindric, but con-

tracted at the base and slightly narrowed between the middle

and the apex, finely and distantly punctured in front, more

closely behind. Head immersed up to the eyes, much

curvedly narrowed anteriorly, so punctured as to appear

rather dull. Eyes flat, lateral. Thorax somewhat oviform,

but constricted near the apex ; its disk subdepressed and

medially furrowed, distinctly yet finely and not closely

punctured ; it bears distinct decumbent golden hairs near

the sides. Scutellum small, but distinct. Elytra elongate,

somewhat gradually narrowed towards the base, broadly, but

not very obviously, transversely depressed between the middle

and the base, sparingly clothed with yellow and greyish

hairs ; punctate-striate, intermediate striae shallow or obso-

lete, the two suturals deep at the base ; interstices apparently

impunctate, the third carinate towards the apices.

Legs long, rather stout, finely and sparingly pubescent;

tibiae flexuous, with well-developed hooks. Tarsi 4-jointed,

penultimate moderately expanded and sub-bilobed, the apical

joint nearly as long as the other three conjointly, their soles

with scattered outstanding slender hairs.

Antennee reddish, scape flexuous and a little thickened

towards the extremity, quite as long as the funiculus, which

is 5-jointed, with the basal joint obconical, second nearly

twice as long as broad and more slender than the contiguous

ones, third and fourth apparently transversel}^ quadrate,

though slightly narrowed near the base, fifth transverse,

broader than the preceding ones ; the club densely but finely

pubescent, oblong-oval, large, indistinctly articulated, about

the length of joints 2—5 of the funiculus taken togefher.

63

On Three new Fishes from Yunnan,

A. distinctus, also from Otago, may be distinguished by

its thicker, almost parallel-sided rostrum, stouter and shorter

antennae, evidently shorter second joint of the funiculus, by

its deeper thoracic channel, and the double elytral trans-

verse impressions, one being behind the middle femora and

the other in line with the posterior pair.

Length, rest, inch, 1^; breadth quite | lines.

Described from a single mounted specimen sent by

Mr. J. H. Lewis, who found it at Otago.

V. — Descriptons of Three new Fishes from Yunnan^

collected by Mr. J. Graham. By 0. Tate ReGAN, B.A,

Schizothorax taliensis.

Depth of body 5 to 6 in the lengtli, length of head 4| to 5.

Diameter of eye in the length of head, lengtli of snout

3§, interorbital width 3. Mouth terminal, with the jaws

equal anteriorly ; maxillary extending to below anterior edge

of eye ; fold of the lower lip not continuous ; barbels short.

85 to 100 scales in the lateral line, 24 to 29 between dorsal

fin and lateral line, 12 to 15 between lateral line and root of

ventral. Scales irregular ; thorax and a median abdominal

strip naked. Dorsal IV 7, its origin nearly equidistant from

tip of snout and base of caudal ; the compound serrated ray

strong, its length f to J the length of head ; free edge of the

fm concave. Anal III 5, when laid back extending to the

base of caudal. Pectoral | the length of head, extending -J

or a little more than ^ of the distance from its base to the

origin of ventrals. Ventrals 9- or 10-rayed, originating a

little behind the origin of dorsal, extending ^ to § of the

distance from their base to the origin of anal. Caudal

forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Silvery ;

back bluish.

Four specimens, 130 to 210 mm. in total length, from the

Tali Fu Lake, 300 miles W. of Yunnan Fu.

Discognathus yunnanensis.

Depth of body 5 in the length, length of head 4|. Eye

slightly nearer to edge of operculum than to tip of snout, its

diameter ^ the length of head and ^ the width of the slightly

convex interorbital region. Barbels 2 on each side, short,

64

Mr. C. T. Regan on

subequal. 40 scales in a longitudinal series, 5 between

dorsal fin and lateral line, 3 between lateral line and root of

ventral fin. Dorsal III 8 ; origin nearly equidistant from

tip of snout and base of caudal ; longest ray nearly as long as

the head ; free edge of the fin slightly coticave. Anal III 5.

Caudal deeply forked. Pectoral as long as the head, not

reaching the ventrals, which originate below the middle of

the dorsal and extend to the origin of anal. No well-defined

spots or markings.

A single specimen, 53 mm. in total length, from the lake

at Yunnan Fu.

Silurus Grahami,

Depth of body 6 in the length, length of head 5. Breadth

of head If in its length, diameter of eye 8, interorbital width

3^, length of snout 3f. Lower jaw projecting; vomerine

teeth in separate patches ; 4 barbels, the maxillary ones

reaching the ends of the pectorals, the mental ones f as long.

Dorsal 4, its distance from tip of snout slightly more than J

its distance from the caudal. Anal 73, continuous with the

caudal, which is subtruncate. Pectoral with I 13 rays ;

spine with the outer edge weakly denticulated and the inner

edge entire, its length | that of the fin, which is f as long as

the head and does not reach the ventral. Ventrals 12-rayed,

extending to the third or fourth ray of anal. Greyish brown.

A single specimen, 260 mm. in total length, from the

Cliien Kiung Lake, 30 miles S.E. of Yunnan Fu.

This species is very close to S. mento^ Yunnan

Fu Lake, which has shorter barbels, the inner edge of the

pectoral spine serrated, and the ventrals 10-rayed.

VI. — Diagnoses of new Central- American Freshwater Fishes

of the Families Cyprinodontidae and Mugilidse. By C.

Tate Regan, B.A.

1 . Rivulus flahellicauda.

D. 9. A. 12. Sc. 42. Diameter of eye 4 in the length

of head. End of anal below middle of dorsal. Brownish,

edges of scales darker ; vertical fins with some small darker

spots ; a caudal ocellus.

Jriab. Costa Rica, Juan Venas [Underwoodf

Total length 70 mm.

new Central- American Fishes.

G5

2. RivuJus Godmanni.

D. 8. A. 11. Sc. 35. Diameter of eye 3 in the length

of head. End of anal below middle of dorsal. Olivaceous, a

darker spot on each scale ; operculum blackish ; vertical fins

dusky, the caudal with a narrow pale edge and below with

a blackish intramarginal stripe; caudal ocellus sometimes

present.

llah. Guatemala (^Godman).

Total length 40 mm.

3. Pcecilia salvatoris.

Poecilia thermalis (non Steind.), Giinth.. Cat. Fish. vi. p. 341 (1866).

D. 10-11. A. 8-9. Sc. 27-30. Closely allied to

P. splienops, C. & V., but with the body not so deep, the

interorbital space broader, and the free edge of the dorsal fin

straight instead of eonvex. Olivaceous ; males with more or

less distinct cross-bars ; dorsal with 2 series of vertically

expanded blackish spots, sometimes absent in females ;

caudal, in the males, with oblong blackish spots.

Ilah. San Salvador, in warm springs [Dow],

Total length 55 mm.

4. Xiphophorus strigatus.

Xiphophorus Helleri (non Heck.), Meek, Zool. Pub. Columbian Mus. v.

1904, p. 157.

D. 12-14. A. 9-10. Sc. 28-30. A blackish lateral stripe

from eye to base of caudal ; no additional stripe in the males.

Hah. Southern Mexico, Vera Cruz and Oaxaea.

The true X. Helleri is the species named X. jalapce by

Meek, males of which have two lateral stripes.

5. Xiphophorus brevis.

D. 13-15. A. 9-10. Sc. 27. Depth of body 2|- to 2| in

the length. 3 or 4 indistinct dark longitudinal stripes at the

edges of the series of scales on the sides ol the body.

Hah. British Tdonduras, Stann Creek [Robertson).

Total length 75 mm.

6. Agonostomus macracanthus.

D. IV, I 8. A. II 10. Sc. 41-43. Upper lip very thick,

as in A. nasutus. Maxillary extending to below middle of

eye. Dorsal spines strong, the first J-| the length of head or

Ann. & Mag, N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 5

G6

]\Ir. W. Nlcoll on the

the distance between tlie origins of tlie dorsal fins and as

long as the longest rays of the second dorsal. Pectoral | the

length of head, extending to or a little beyond the vertical

I'rorn the origin of spinous dorsal.

Hah, Guatemala, Uio Guacalate {Salvin).

Total length 210 mm.

7. Agonostomus Salvini.

D. IV, I 8. A. II 10. Sc. 38-40. Closely allied to

A. nasutusj but upper lip not so thick, eye smaller, lower jaw

a little longer, pectoral fin shorter. Maxillary extending to

below anterior ^ or of eye. Dorsal spines moderate, the

first I (adult) or J (young) the length of head or of the

distance between the origins of the dorsals. Pectoral f the

length of head or less, not extending to below the spinous

dorsal.

JIah. Guatemala, Rio Nacasil [Salvin).

Total length 270 mm.

VH. — A Cont?'ibutio7i towards a Knowledge of the Entozoa of

British Marine Fishes. — Part I. By William Nicoll,

M.A., B.Sc., Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.

[Plates I.-IV.]

The following aecount of an as yet little-known province of

British marine zoology can hardly be regarded as more than

a mere preliminary. The original intention was to have

treated the subject in a systematic manner, dealing wdth the

Entozoa of each of the natural groups of fishes — Gadidae,

Pleuronectidae, &c. — separately ; but as this w^as found im-

possible for the time being, the most satisfactory remaining

course seemed to be to study the easily accessible fishes as

they came to hand. It will be seen that these fall under

two classes : (1) the commoner littoral fishes, gunnel, stickle-

back, &c. ; (2) the commoner food-fishes, haddock, dab, &c.

A large number of each species, except in a few^ instances,

having been examined, the results obtained may be regarded

as fairly accurate and the parasites from each host as com-

paratively typical. Special attention has been devoted to

the Trematode forms ; cestodes occurred but rarely, except

in the form of scolices. Nematodes and Acanthocephala

were frequent, but, for the most part, assignable to common

species. Several forms remain unnamed, mostly young

Ascarids, which are difficult to diagnose.

G7

Entozoa of British ]\ [urine Fishes.

No Elasinobranch fishes are noted in tliis paper^ and of

the Teleostei, three groups — Pharyrigognathi^ Lophobranehii,

and Pleetognathi — are unrepresented. Ofthe remaining three

groups upwards of 60 speeies are reeorded from St. Andrews

Bay, but only 50 of these are at all eommon. About half

of these are dealt with here. A few yielded no parasites, a

notable case being Blennius pholis, which will be referred to

later; amongst the others an individual not harbouring its

quota of parasites was exceptional.

A striking feature of the herein-noted results is the large

number of instances in which a parasite is recorded from a

new host, although the new species are few. This may be

due to a particular host not having been examined before

or to its not having harboured Entozoa in the localities where

it had previously been examined. A third possibility sug-

gesting itself is that two species of fish may have been

confused or regarded as identical, and the parasites of one

attributed to the other. A case in point is that of Coitus

scorpiuSy Bloch, and C. bubalis, Euphr., between which I

have sometimes found difficulty in deciding. I have, how-

ever, carefully compared each specimen examined with Day^s

descriptions of the two species, and in so far as he is to be

depended upon the results may be regarded as correct. The

large number of forms new to Coitus bubaiis may be explained

in this way; moreover, almost every one occurred in an

example which was unmistakably Coitus bubaiis, Euphr.

This leads us to a consideration of the work of previous

observers. Two most important attempts have been made

towards a systematic and exhaustive knowledge of the

Entozoa of the North Sea fishes — the one by Olsson* in

1867, the other by P. J. van Benedenf in 1870. The work

of the former was done in the waters off the west coast of

Norway, which can hardly be regarded, strictly speaking, as

the North Sea; but since the majority of the species which

he examined are common to our shores, we can include his

results under those for fish taken within the North Sea.

Yan Beneden deals with fish from the Belgian coast and

from further out at sea. Both examined a very large number

of fishes, especially the commoner varieties. Amongst the

littoral fishes neither Olsson nor Van Beneden makes mention

of Gobius Ruthensparri and Liparis Montagui. Olsson, in

addition, omits Zoarces viviparus ; Van Beneden, Coitus

O

* “ Entozoa lios Skandinaviska liafsfiskar,” Lunds Univ. Arsskrift,

vol. iv. 1867, no. viii.

t “ Les Poissons des Cotes de Belgique,” M(5m. Acad. Belg. xxxviii.

1871.

5*

C8

]\[r. W. Nicoll on the

huhalis. From tlicir observations no parasite appears to

infest the fish haunting the pools and crevices along the

shore in the same way as Podocotyle atomon^ llud., has been

found to do at St. Andrews. The presence of this Trematode

is quite a feature ; it occurs in eight out of the nine species

examined. Another common form is Echinorhynchus acus,

llud._, which was found in four species. Amongst the fishes

from deeper waters the widely-spread Hemiurus forms and

Derogmes various, Muller, are recorded very frequently l)y

both the above-mentioned observers. As might have been

expected, the same is true in the present instance.

Fish, such as the herring and haddoek, which roam far and

wide in their search after food tend to exhibit the same para-

sitic fauna in whatever quarter they are taken, but the littoral

fish, with their more circumscribed lives, are dependent on

local faunae for food, and in consequence their parasites vary

according to the locality.

A case like that of Podocotyle atomon, Fud., would almost

lead one to enunciate the hypothesis that the Entozoa of a

particular fish depend more on its environment than on the

species to which it belongs ; that is to say, that no matter

what the species of fish the parasites found in it ought to be

the same as those found in other species from the same

neighbourhood. This raises the very important question of

idiosyncrasies in feeding, for it is well known that different

species, although living quite close together, have often

entirely different modes of feeding. Van Beneden took some

pains to note the food of the various fish which he examined ;

but into this matter I do not propose at present to enter. One

case, however, that of the shanny, Blennius phoUs, cannot be

overlooked. It occurs here commonly, and I had an oppor-

tunity of examining a large number, but in no instance did

a single parasite present itself. Such a fact is not remark-

able ill itself, but, in view of the frequency with which other

fish in the vicinity were infected, it is striking enough.

Van Beneden found the food of the shanny to consist of

crustaceans, Balanus for the most part. In addition to

crustaceans I have met with excessive numbers of small

gastropods, especially young Littoi'ina. Thus the food is

apparently not so very diflerent from that of other species.

The presence of the large number of shells in the intestine

might be offered as a reason for the absence of parasites,

but shells and other hard debris are found in fish in which

parasites abound. Another explanation might be sought in

some constitutional peculiarity of the shanny which renders

it an unsuitable host. Similar instances — e. g. Agonus

CD

Kulczoa of British J\farine I'ulies.

(Asp'ulophorus) catnphracim, Cienolabrus rupcstris, and

Jh'osmius brosme — occur in Olsson’s observations^ altliougb lie

makes no comment upon them.

Neither Olsson nor Van Beneden made any a^^^mpt

towards a solution of the life-history of the forms with '''diicli

they deal. The subject is difficult and requires sj)ccial and

long continued study. Leviriscn* made an extensive seareli

amongst the marine invertebrata of Greenland for inter-

mediate forms, and was suecessful in three or four eases,

llis results have not been confirmed. Latteily some

important work has been done in this direction by Miss

Lebour in Northumberland t- She has investigated many

of the commoner Mollusea and has reeorded from them quite

a number of sporocysts and eercaria3. The difficulty of

tracing these to their final host still remains.

In the Irish Sea at the Liverpool Laboratory considerable

additions have been made to the British Entozoa fauna by

Johnstone Very few Trematodes are mentioned, Cestodes

receiving most attention. His note on Distomum valdem-

flalum, Stoss., is interesting and will be referred to later.

'\ he occurrence of Hemiunis appendiciclaius in very small

(^-1 in.) plaice and dabs is curious, for this Trematode has

never been recorded from these fish in their adult state.

The mention of a form {Distomum gulosum, Linton) first

described from America is also noteworthy. Linton^s work

on the American fishes § reveals many forms which are the

same as or almost identical with species already known from

corresponding European fish. He himself is unable in

several eases to establish their identity with absolute

certainty. His work is valuable on account of the eare with

which he has studied and measured the various important

organs, but unfortunately little exact information is to be

derivecl from his plates.

Some experiments which I h.ad an opportunity of conducting

with sticklebacks may conveniently be described here. The

fact that the sticklebacks from brackish ditches were infeeted

with Fodocotyle atomon, Rud., to as great an extent as those

from the marine roek-pools suggested ascertaining the effect

^ “ Bidrag til Kimdskab om Groiilands Trematodfauna,” Oversigt Kgl.

Bansk. Selskab. 1881, pp. 52-84, pis. ii., iii.

t Notes on Northuinhrian Trematodes,” Northumberland Fisheries

Report for 1905.

X ‘‘ Internal Parasites and Diseased Conditions of Fishes,” Lancashire

Sea-Fisheries Report for 1904, p. 98 ; 1905, p. 151.

§ Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. pp. 423-456, pis. xxvii.-xxxiv. and pp. 507-

548, pis. xl.-liv.

70

Mr. \V. Nicoll on the

of pure fresh 'water. Some examples^ both from pools and

from (litdies^ were confined in a tank of fresh water. For

two months they were supplied with })ond-weeds, snails,

grubs, &c., which, liowever, they did not accept very readily.

At the end of* tliat time sorric were examined and found to

contain the parasites as frequently as before. No new

])arasites had made their a})peatance. For another two

months the sticklebacks received no food at all, and on

examination thereafter no diminution in the number of

])arasitcs was observable, although by this time the fish were

in a very poor condition. Tliis is at variance with the

observations of Zschokke and others, who found that in fish

migrating from the sea to rivers the parasites acquired during

their sojourn in the sea were gradually killed off by the fresli

water of the river. The above experiment appears to indicate

that the disappearance of the parasites in certain cases is not

W'holly attributable to the effect of the fresh w^ater, but that

some other factor must enter into account. The length of

time (four months) during which the fish were confined to

the fresh water was ample for any effect due to the water

to have taken place. The only noteworthy circumstance

observed was the largely increased number of ova extruded

from the parasite in the intestine of the host.

The following is a list of the hosts examined, with their

respective parasites ; the habitat is also noted. An asterisk

prefixed to the habitat denotes that the parasite is recorded

for the first time from this situation; an asterisk prefixed

to the name of the parasite denotes that it is here recorded

for the first time from this host. The fish are named

according to Day^s ‘British Fishes.'’

Acanthoptebygii.

Gasterosteus aculeatus, Linn. 3-spined

Podocotyle atomon, Mud.

( = Psilostomum redactum, mihi.

^Ascaris sp. (jiiven.).

Coitus scorpius, Bloch. Bullliead.

Podocotyle atomon, Mud.

(=l)istomimi simplex, Mud.)

Derogenes varicus, Muller.

Bistomum sp.

Echinorhynclms acus, Mud.

Bothiiocephalus punctatus, Mud.

Coitus buhalis, Euphr. Father-lasher.

Podocotyle atomon, Mud,

^Ilemiums appendiculatus. Mud.

■^Derogenes varicus, Muller.

*Prosorhynchus squamatus, Odhner

Stickleback.

Stomach, intestine.

Body- cavity.

Intestine.

Stomach and ^intestine.

Gills in capsules.

Intestine.

Stomach.

Intestine and pyloric

a2)pendages.

71

Kntozoa of British Marine Fishes.

■’i^Ascans sp.

■^Ascai’is capsularia, Rtul.

^Ascarop.sis nioiTlmrc, v. Ben.

*EcliiiU)rliynclui8 acus, Rud.

liotlirioceplialus punctatus, Rucl,

^Scolox polyiiiorplius, Rud.

^Diatom uiii sp. (juveii.).

liody-cavity.

I’eritoiieimi.

Intestine.

Intestine and rectum.

capsules.

DouLle- spotted (iub3^

Stomach and intestine.

Gills in capsules.

Ilody-cavity.

Intestine.

Gohius Ruthens^jarri, Euphr.

^Podocotyle atomon, Rud.

^Distomum sp. (juven.).

^Ascaris sp. (jiiven.).

■^Scolex polymorph us, Rud.

Ci/clopterus lumpus, Linn. Lump-sucker.

Scolex polymorph us, Rud.

Liparis Montagui, l)onov. Montague’s Sucker.

^Podocotyle atomon, Rud. Intestine,

^Prosorhynchus squamatus, Odhner. Intestine

^Stomach and intestine.

^Echinorhynchus acus, Rud.

*'Ascaris sp. (juven.).

Centronotus gunnellus, Linn. Gunnel.

^Podocotyle atomon, Rud.

^Hemiurus appendiculatus, Rud.

^Ascaris sp. (juven.).

and pyloric

appendages.

Intestine.

Body-cavity.

Intestine and rectum.

Intestine.

Peritoneum.

Zoarces viviparus, Linn. Viviparous Blenny.

^Podocotyle atomon, Rud.

^Echiuorhynchus acus, Rud.

An.vcanthini.

Gadus ceglefinus, Linn. Haddock.

Lepodora rachisea, Cobhold.

*'llemiurus communis, Odhner.

Ascaris communis. Dies.

Ascaris clavata, Rud.

*A scaris sp.

^Agamonema commune, Dies.

^Ileterakis foveolata, Rud.

^Ascaropsis morrhuoe, v. Ben.

Echinorhynchus acus, Rud.

Bothriocephalus rugosus, Rud.

^'Scolex polymorphus, Rud.

^Scolex sp.

Gadus merlangus, Linn. Whiting.

Derogenes varicus, Muller.

Ascaris clavata, Rud.

Filaria echinata, v. Linstoio.

Motella mustela, Linn Five-bearded

^Podocotyle atomon, Rud.

Ascaris capsularia, Rud.

Ammodgtes tohianus, Linn. Sand-Eel

^Ilemiurus communis, Odhner.

Intestine.

Stomach.

*Body-cavit3^

^Stomach.

Intestine.

Liver and pyloric ap-

pendages in capsules.

Intestine.

Mouth, oesophagus,

stomach, intestine.

Intestine.

Intestine and pyloric

appendages.

Intestine.

Gall-bladder.

^Intestine.

Intestine.

Bockling.

Stomach and intestine.

Peritoneum.

(Esophagus, stomach,

intestine.

72

Mr. W. Nicoll on the

Bracliypliallua crenatus, Rud.

J^ecitliaster gibbosus, Rud.

•=*^Ascaria sp. (juven,).

^ Ascai-is sp.

'^JCcliinorlijncbiia aciia, Rud.

(?) Scolex amniodytis Tobiani, v.Ben.

Jlippof/lossus vuU/aris, Flein. Halibut.

*tStephanocbasniiis baccatus, sp. n.

^Ilemiurus apijeiidiculatus, Rud.

l^erogeues various, Muller.

*Derogeiies cacozelus, sp. n.

Ascaiis capsularia, Rud.

Ascaris collaris, Rud.

<*^Ascaris sp.

^Ascaropsis morrliuse, v. Ben.

*Filaria echiuata, Linstoiv.

Ileteraliis foveolata, Rud.

Scolex polymorphus, Rud.

Rhombus maximus, Linn. Turbot.

*Zoogonoides viviparus, Olsson.

^Derogenes various, Muller.

Lotliriocepbalus punctatus, Rud.

Scolex polymorplius, Rud.

Rhombus Icevis^ lioiidelet. Brill.

Berogenes various, Midler.

^Ascaris collaris, Rud.

Bleuronectes limanda, Linn. Bab.

Z'jogonoides viviparus, Olsson.

Steringopliorus furciger, Olsson.

^•Berogenes various, Muller.

^Berogenes cacozelus, sp. n.

Ascaris capsularia, Rud.

* Ascaris sp.

Scolex polymorphus.

'Bleuronectes platessa^ Linn. Plaice.

Zoogouoides viviparus, Olsson.

Heteralds foveolata, Rud.

Scolex polymorphus, R^id.

Bleuronectes microcephcdus, Flem. Lemon-

Bistomum sp.

^Ascaris sp.

^Ascaropsis (?) sp. (juven.).

Stomach and intestine.

Intestine.

Body-cavity.

Intestine.

Ilectum.

Stomach.

Intestine and rectum.

lAritoneum.

Intestine.

Bectum.

Stomach.

Bectum.

Stomach.

Intestine and ^rectum.

Bectum.

Mouth, oesophagus, and

stomach.

Intestine.

^Stomach.

Intestine.

Intestine and rectum.

Stomach and intestine.

Mouth, oesophagus, and

stomach.

Intestine.

Peritoneum.

Intestine and pyloric

appendages.

Intestine.

Intestine and rectum.

Intestine.

dab.

Intestine.

PllYSOSTOMI.

Clupea harengus^ Linn. Herring.

^Hemiurus Liihei, Odhner.

Agamonema capsularia, Dies.

Anguilla vulgaris, Tint. Eel.

Hemiurus appendiculatus, Rt(d.

Lecithochirium rufoviride, Rud.

^Scolex polymorphus, Rud.

Stomach and cascum.

Peritoneum.

Stomach.

Intestine.

Kntozoa of British Marine Fishes.

73

T R E M A T O D A.

Podocotyle atomon, llud. (PL I. figs. 2.)

Bistoma simplex, Uiid. ?, Olsson, Lovinsen, Gronlanda Trematodfauna,

]). 8, pi. iii. lig. 1.

Allocrendmm atomon (Hud.), Odlmer, Zool. Jalirb. Syst. xiv. p. 500,

pi. 33. figs, 0, 10.

Podocotyle atomon (Rud.), Odlmer, Fauna Arctica, iv. (2) p. 320,

pi. ii. figs. 9, 10.

Psilostomum redactum, sp. n., Nicoll, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)

xvii. p. 525, pi. xiii. figs. 9, 10.

This is a species which Odlmer regards as wrongly

identified by Olsson* * * §, although the latter had some doubt

on the matter himself. Olsson assigned his specimens to

Distoma simplex, Rud., and was followed by Levinsen and

Linton. Odlmer, by elucidating the structure of Distomum

atomon, Rud., shows that they ought really to have been

assigned to this species. He also includes Distomum re-

flexum, Creplin, under this species, although he excludes the

forms which Olsson t and Zschokke J identified as such.

As Psilostomum redactum I described what I considered to

be a distinct species, but I must now regard it as identical

with Podocotyle atomon, Rud.

Of RudolphPs Distoma simplex { = Fasciola aglefine,

Muller) no specimens remain, so that Odlmer regards the

species as unidentifiable. He omits notice of the fact that

Van Beneden § found in Gadus eeglefinus what he apparently

regarded as Distomum reglefine, Muller. Van Beneden is

slightly confusing, for wdiile he marks the form sp. nov.^’

in his notes, without any attempt at description, the accom-

panying figure is marked D, aglefiue, Muller, and we may

suppose that this was his real intention. Von Linstow ||

notes both D. simplex, Rud., and D. aglefine, van Beneden,

under Gadus <jeglefinus, so that he was either misled by van

Beneden or he regarded the two species as distinct. Stossich^

falls into the same error. Van Beneden^s figure is meagre,

but, so far as it goes, exhibits a certain resemblance to the

form we are here dealing with. The large elliptical ventral

sucker, the position of the genital aperture, the male genital

* Entozoa iaktt bos Skandiiiaviska bafsfiskar,” in Lunds Univ.

Arsskrift, iv. p. 34, pi. iv. figs. 81, 82.

O

f Lunds Univ. Arsskrift, iv. (8) p. 52.

j Verliandl. Gesell. Basel, Till. 8, lift. 3, p. 789, pi. xi. fig. 1.

§ “Poissons des Cotes de Belgique,” p. 50, pi. iv. fig. 14, in M^m.

Acad. Roy. Belg. xxxviii.

II Conipend. d. Helminthol. p. 236.

^ List. d. Pesci, p. 01.

71

Mr. W. Nicoll on the

apparatus^ tlic vitelline glands^ testes, and ova, all point to

its being a member of the Allocreadium. The ova are

excessively large and the ovary is absent, and on this account

it is impossible to assign this form to any of the already

known members of the genus, so that the difficulty of

])roving the identity of Dist. simplex, Rud., still remains.

Olsson found this parasite occurring in Sebastes norveyievs

(one or two fairly often), Gadus melanostomus (frecpiently

numerous), niger (once, in great wxxmhQv^), Anguilla

vulgaris (a single specimen). Levinscri found it fairly often

in Coitus scoipius and Coitus gobio {^Fhobetor ventralis) fi’om

Greenland. Rudolpbi’s specimens were from the stomach of

Pleuronec'es flesus. Odhner adds that he has met with it

in a very considerable number of other Scandinavian marine

fishes from the west coast of Sweden,^^ although I have seen

no list of such forms. I have already recorded it from

G aster osteus aculeatus (var. trachurus) , and to this I have

to add Coitus bubalis, Cottas scorpius, Gobius Ruthensparri,

Centronotus gunnellus, Zoarces viviparus, Motella mustela, and

Liparis Montagui. About 70 per cent, of the total number

of fish of these species examined were infected, usually with

three or more adult parasites and often a large number of

young. Thus it may be understood that this form is ex-

ceedingly frequent.

Olsson determines the length of his specimens at 3-9 mm. ;

Levinsen found somewhat smaller examples in Coitus scorpius

(3-5 mm.) ; Odhner gives the average length as about

2 mm., and is inclined to regard Olssoids larger specimens

as a variety. He also differentiates a medium-sized variety

corresponding with Levinseids specimens and also with

Jdist. reflexum, Crepl. My examples only in rare cases

exceed 3 mm., the majority being l'5-2‘5 mm., so that as

far as length is concerned they correspond v/ith Odhner’s

smallest variety, i. e. with the Rudolphi type. Fully de-

veloped adults were found as small as 1 mm. ; one small

example from the stickleback measured 1*01 mm., and

contained seven ova measuring ’081 x *047 mm., i. e. of

fully normal size. The largest immature individual observed

was *90 mm. in length ; it contained no ova, but the penis

Avas well developed, and the testes were as large as *28 x

’ll mm.

The general shape oE the body is elongate-ovoid, depressed,

somewhat attenuate anteriorly, more rounded posteriorly.

Like the other species of the genus, it is extremely mobile,

the ant-acetabular region being capable of great extension

and contraction, the post-acetabular part less so, but the

Kntozoa of British Marine Fishes. 75

cuticle of tlie bitter is often thrown into irregular wrinkles.

The eonstrietion at the level of the testes, noted by Olsson,

is not of invariable oeeurrenee, and the outline of })reserved

(pressed) speeimens is eomparatively even. Tiie eolour

viewed by transmitted light is greenish yellow, darker

posteriorly from the presenee of the yolk- glands and golden

yellow centrally from the ova.

The eutiele is of no great thiekness, devoid of spines, and

striated longitudinally and transversely. The suekers are

fairly well developed : the oral sueker is subterminal and

globular, with a eircular aperture ; its diameter is usually

about of the length of the body, but it is proportionately

larger in the younger examples than in the older, the

observed limits being *12 mm. in the smaller (I’O mm.)

and -29 mm. in the largest (3T5 mm.). The ventral sucker

is more variable ; it is always elliptical in outline, with a

corresponding aperture, the long axis being transverse and

usually about half as long again as the diameter of the oral

sucker, i. e. \ of the total body-length, but here again the

proportion decreases with increase in size. The measured

dimensions were ’22-42 mm. These figures agree very

closely with those of Odhner, viz. *12-*25 mm. for the oral

and ’25-’44 mm. for the ventral sucker. Linton^s American

specimens yield pretty much the same figures.

Another feature to which some importance is attached is

the distance between the suckers (i. e. length of neck). My

observations coincide with those of Levinsen, viz. of the

length of the body and ^ in young individuals. Odhner

also determines the limits at 1-J.

The alimentary system conforms to the genus type, except

that a distinct prepharynx is present, first noted by Odhner.

It appears as a dilated tube about half as long as the pharynx

and considerably wider than the oesophagus. The pharynx

is almost globular, with a diameter of about TO mm., but its

breadth usually exceeds its length slightly. The oesophagus

may be twice as long as the pharynx, but on contraction it

is bent in the form of an S, and appears short then. The

bending takes place either laterally or doiso-ventrally.

The excretory vesicle is a long simple closed sac extending

as far forward as the level of the ovary, and opening pos-

teriorly by a terminal pore. To it run down two narrow

convoluted tubules, one on either side.

The genital aperture lies almost midway between the

two suckers and also midway between the median line and

the extreme left edge of the body. It is thus to the left of

the oesophagus and between the pharyirx and intestinal

Mr. W. NIcoll on the

7lj

l)if’nrcation. Tlie cirrus-pouch is long and narrow^ extending

some distance behind the ventral sucker. It contains at its

])osterior end a large bipartite vesicula scminalis, from the

anterior end of which issues the ductus ejaculatorins. The

latter bends back almost immediately to lie alongside the

vesicula seminalis^ but bending again it passes forward to

the penis. This organ is long and slender^ and when well

extended is curved. It has a squarely-cut end, but instead

of being inflated at its termination, as Olsson represents it,

it is somewhat tapering. The configuration of tiie internal

genitalia is precisely as Odhner* represents it.

In one case I was fortunate enough to witness the fer-

tilization and formation of the ova. The worm was under

pressure, and the unfertilized ova passed along the oviduct

I’airly rapidly. As each arrived opposite the receptaculuni

seminis, it was surrounded by sperms, and shortly afterwards

two or three yolk-plugs were congregated round it. The

mass was forced on towards the uterus, receiving as it went

a shell-coating and gradually acquiring the characteristic

elliptical shape. The whole process did not last longer than

ten minutes.

The vitelline glands consist of numerous follicles, not

by any means so regular or so large as Odhner represents

them. He is correct in saying that they do not extend in

front of the ventral sucker, although occasionally a follicle

or two is to be found in the neck.

The uterus is short and rarely contains more than 20-40

eggs ; Odhner says 20-30, and yet in his figure f he repre-

sents upwards of 80 eggs. The ova are light yellow to

yellowish brown in eolour, and measure, aceordiiig to my

observations, *075-’084 mm. in length by 040--054 mm. in

breadth. These rather wide limits include measurements of

the ova from various hosts. The details in four cases are as

follows : —

mm. mm.

From Gasterosteus aculeatus .... •07o--0Sl X •040-’044

,, Coitus hibalis •07o-’081 x •044-‘0o4

„ Ceiitronotus gnnnellus .... ‘075 X ‘OoO-'OS^

„ Zoarces vivipams •03l-'084 X •046-050

Odhner^s figures are '060- 084 mm. x •0I0-'045 mm.

The minimum length-limit seems rather small. I have

certainly never observed ova (mature, at least) approaching

that small size. My measurements were usualH determined

* Log. cit. pp. 510-511, pi. 33. fig. 10.

t Log. Git. pi. 33. lig. 9.

77

Entozoa of British J^lnrine Fishes.

from ova as near tl.e terminal portion of the uterus as

possible. Linton^s figures for the ova of his Arneriean

specimens are *084 x *04 mm., so that they also corrcs[)ond

with other observations.

This parasite, is usually eonfiiied to the intestine of its

host, though occasionally one or two specimens are to be

found in the stomach and in one host (Gadus m,elcmostomus) ,

according to Olsson, it occurs in the pyloric caeca.

While studying this form, I examined sticklebacks from

three diflerent regions, viz. (1) rock-pools, (2) brackish

ditches communicacing with the sea, (3) streams near their

entrance into the sea. In the first two instances 1 obtained

Gastei'osteus aculeatiis, var. trachurus ; in the third, var.

gymnurus. The river sticklebacks were much smaller than

those from the sea, and in no case did they harbour Podo-

cotyle atomon. The specimens from the pools and ditches

w'ere identical and were each equally subject to infection.

Levinsen asserts that the intermediate host of Distomum

simplex is Themisto lihellula. This crustacean is not recorded

from the St. Andrews district, so that it cannot be the

intermediate host here.

Lepodora rachicea, Cobbold*. (PI. I. figs. 3, 4.)

Distomum rachion, Cobbold, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. p. 158, pi. xxxi.

figs, y, 10; Stossich, List. d. Pesci, p. 43 ; Linton, Proc. U.S. Nat.

Mus. XX. p. 538, pi. liii. figs. 3-7.

Lepodora rachiesa, Odliner, Fauna Arctica, iv. (2) p. 332, pi. ii.

dgs. 12-15.

To reconcile Cobbold^s figure of Distomum rachion with

the one which 1 herewith submit seems at first sight difficult.

The disposition of the genital glands and uterus appears to

effectually separate them. The resemblance in other respects,

however, is striking enough, and as it is possible to interpret

correctly the structures misrepresented by Cobbold, I have

little doubt that his specimens and mine are identical, and

this is endorsed by the facts that the organization of the

parasite is definitely characteiistic and that Gadiis ceglefinus

figuies as the best in both instances.

Cobbold^s description is embodied in a few lines, but this

brevity is remedied by a boldly drawn figure. In inter-

preting this figure w^e must suppose either that he drew from

the living animal, when the tliickness of the body would

prevent him seeing clearly the organs in the posterior part,

or that his preserved specimens were not sufficiently cleared.

Odhner’s amended descriptions of this species and others did not

come to hand until the present paper was in the press.

78

m. AV. Nicoll on the

The anterior region is eorrect exeopt tliat tlie genital aper-

ture is rather far forward and the eutieular spines have

assumed enormous proportions. The ventral sueker has a

somewhat powerful appearance^ and the vesieula semitialis

extends as far baek as the anterior testis. • Tlie testes are

correctly enough placed^ but the ovary is posterior to them

instead of in front. The uterus displays tlie greatest

divergence; it is represented as two tubes^ winding down^

one on each side of the body, to the extreme posterior end.

It is to be presumed that Cobbold here confused the uterus

with the vitelline glands, the rounded follicles of which

might be mistaken for ova. The uterine walls must have

been supplied from imagination.

Cobbold fancies a resemblance between this species and

Distomum scabmm, Zed., and D. appendiculatum, Rud.

Wherein this lies I fail to perceive, even in Cobbold^s figure,

for the organization of the alimentary system with its long

pre-pharynx, the presence of the large spines, and the dispo-

sition of the entire genital system are widely different from

the coi’responding structures in the above-mentioned species.

Stossiclds description of this form is merely a brief trans-

lation of Cobbold^s. Along with von Linstow* he falls

into the error of attributing it to the cod [Gadas morrhua)

instead of Gadus ceglejinus, although Cobbold is perfectly

clear on this point.

A not uncommon parasite of the haddock, it occurred in

rather more than 50 per cent, of individuals examined,

always in the intestine and never in large numbers. It is

of moderate size : length l-88-I‘47 mm., maximum breadth

•61-‘90 mm. ; average size 2'65 x '59 mm. ; body of elon-

gated oval outline, rounded at both ends, somewhat attenuate

anteriorly. It is of compact build, sluggish in movement,

and does not long survive removal from its host. The

cuticle is beset with stout regularly arranged spines cover-

ing the whole of the ant-acetabular region and gradually

disappearing behind the ventral sucker. A few spines are

to be found laterally within a short distance of tne tip of

the tail. The length of the spines is about '012 mm., but

they are shorter in front and longer posteriorly. They have

comparatively broad bases and are arranged so that the

spines of each row alternate with those of adjacent rows.

The oral sucker is almost terminal, of fair size (diameter

•24-'38 mm.), but not very muscular. The ventral sucker is

remarkably small and feeble ; it is situated almost centrally

* Oompend. d. Ilelminthol. 1878, p. 238.

Entozoa of J3rillnh Marine Fishes. 70

and has a diameter of '11— '23 mm. Both arc circular in

outline with circular apertures.

The alimentary system is well developed. Tlic mouth

opens into a long pre-pharynx (about *3 mm. long in an

average specimen), which is followed by a pharynx of large

size ('21 X'lG mm.) ; the oesophagus is very short and the

diverticula into which it divides are of great width and

extend to the end of the body.

The excretory vesicle is a simple sac of no great extent, in

the posterior end of the body and opens by a terminal pore.

The testes are median, one behind the other, in the pos-

terior third of the body. They are globular or ovoid in

shape and of considerable size ('25 mm, diameter). The

edge of the posterior testis is at a distance of about '6 mm.

from the end of the body. The ovary lies directly in

front of the testes and is much smaller than them. The

receptaculum seminis is an elongated vesicle lying between

the ovary and the anterior testis. The vitelline glands are

extensive and well-defined ; situated laterally from the level

of the ventral sucker to the posterior extremity of the body.

They consist of numerous, compact, irregular follicles.

The ova are few in number (about 30) and are confined to

the space bounded by the ovary, the ventral sucker, and the

two intestinal diverticula. Light yellow in colour, ovoid

in shape, they measure *059-'068 mm. in length and

•033-*040 mm. in breadth.

The genital aperture is in front of the ventral sucker, but

to the left of the middle line; it is within the intestinal

fork. The sphincter muscle surrounding it is sometimes

very prominent.

Idle penis-sac (PI. I. fig. 4) is of large size and divi ded

into two portions by a constriction. The anterior part is

the penis-sac proper, containing the retracted penis and the

prostate, neither of which is very large. This part is

regularly ovoid and lies in front of and dorsal to the ventral

sucker. Joined to this by a narrow neck is a large sac con-

taining a long rather narrow vesicula seminalis. This sac is

capable of considerable extension and contraction, and in

the latter state the vesicula seminalis becomes bent up, as is

shown in the figure. There is a short non-prostatic part of

the ductus ejaculatorius issuing from the anterior end of the

seminal vesicle.

Linton describes a form from Gadiis callarias, which he

identifies as Distomum rachion, Cobbold, or a species very

near it. His description is short, but the measurements lie

notes for the various organs show a remarkable agreement

80

Mr. W. Nicoll on the

■with tliose obtained from my specimens. It deals mainly

witli the external appearancc_, and as his figure is poor little

exact knowledge of tlie more important internal organs is to

be derived from it. The suckers and alimentary canal are

distinctly reproduced, as are also the testes. The penis-sac

cirrus-pouch occupies its proper position, but the

genital a})crture is in the middle line almost directly over

the intestinal bifurcation. Two round bodies are figured in

front of the testes, but their nature is not noted. From

analogy the posterior of the two bodies would represent the

ovary, but it is much larger than I am accustomed to see it,

and, in fact, is as large as either of the testes. In the same

way the anterior body would be the vesicula seminalis, but

it is much further behind the ventral sucker than in my

specimens. The yolk-glands are not well indicated. A most

important feature of difference lies in the arrangement of

the spines, which, if Linton’s figure is to be depended on,

would distinctly differentiate his specimen. He represents

them as scales (from the anterior region), in close array,

overlapping but not arranged alternately. On no part have

I observed such an arrangement; the spines are certainly

scale-like on the neck, but they are well spaced and always

alternate with those of the next row. Thus, in the absence

of more exact information, it is impossible to determine

whether Linton’s one specimen is Lepodora rachiesa, Cobbold,

or not, but it is certainly very near it.

Subfamily Eciiinostomin^, Looss.

Genus Stephanochasmus, Looss.

1899. Steplianostomum, Lss. Zool. Jalirh. Syst. xii. p. 576.

1900. Stephanochasmus, Lss. Zool. Anz. xxiii. p. 603.

Stephanochasmus baccatus, sp. n. (PI, II. figs. 5-7.)

Of this species I have been able to obtain only one speci-

men. It occurred in the rectum of a halibut [Hippoglossus

vulgaris) , and at first sight appeared to correspond so closely

with my recollection of Stephanochasmus cesticillus, Molin,

that I regarded it as such and placed it aside. A note

by Looss * on some examples of this latter form, drawing

attention to an error or variation in the number and

arrangement of the circumoral spines, induced me to re-

examine my specimen. Several features of difference at

once presented themselves; moreover, comparison with the

^ Zool. Jaliuh. Sjst. xii. p. 696.

81

Kntozoa of Jirif/sh Marine FlsI/es,

other species of the genus did not admit its inclusion witli

any of them. It thus falls to be described as a new species.

The following description as well as the figure are from

the preserved specimen, so that the measurements may

admit of modification : —

The body is depressed, elongate-ovate, somewhat attenuate

in front, rounded behind, with a small but distinct terminal

prominence. Length 3’34 mm. ; maximum breadth (at

ventral sucker) ’75 ram. Ant-acetabular region (neck) com-

prises of length of body. Anteriorly the cuticle is beset

with numerous irregularly arranged spines, becoming fewer

behind the ventral sucker and absent from the greater part

of the post-acetabular region. Closely apposed to the margin

of the oral sucker are two rows of large spines. The spines

in the first row are shorter than those in the second, the

lengths being about ’031 mm. and *037 mm. respectively,

but there is some variation. The number and disposition of

these spines are characteristic of the species, and serve to

distinguish it from other species of the genus. They occur

in two regular uninterrupted rows ; there are 28 spines in

each row, making a total of 56, and the spines of one row

alternate with those of the other. In no other species are

the spines so numerous, the nearest approximation being

48, as recorded by Looss in Stephanochasmus caducus, Lss.

Steph. pristis, Deslongch., according to Looss, has 36 spines.

A point which Looss lays stress on is that in his examples

of Steph. cesticillus the second row of spines numbers one

less than the first. This is due to the absence of a spine of

the second row in the mid- ventral line. No such arrange-

ment occurs in Steph. haccatus\ each row is complete, so

that there is no gap in the mid-ventral line. In Steph. ces-

ticillus, moreover, the spines of the first row are longer

than those of the second. Between the two species another

feature of difference presents itself in the disposition of the

other cuticular spines. In Looss^s figure these do not start

immediately behind the cephalic spines, so that a small

triangular bare area is left. This does not occur in Steph.

baccatus, for irregular scattered spines are seen on the neck

immediately behind the cephalic spines.

The suckers are comparatively small and not very mus-

cular. The oral sucker is terminal and cup-shaped ; its

diameter is ’23 mm., while the aperture is T9 mm. At the

lateral margins of the rim, projecting into the aperture, a

little nodule is apparent. Whether this is a natural con-

dition or the result of preservation 1 am unable to say. The

ventral sucker is at a distance of *87 mm. from the anterior

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. FeZ. xix. 6

82

Mr. W. Nicoll on the

end. Tt is approximafely globular^ and lias a diameter of

•J3.S mm. with a eircnlar aperture.

The aliment, ry system is fairly typical. The prepharynx

is shorter than in Stej/h. cesticiUus^ being only *17 mm. long.

The pharynx is large and almost horseshoe-shaped^ with the

convexity directed backwards; it measures *21 x '16 mm.

The oesophagus is extremely short. The diverticula extend

to the posterior extremity, and are wide and irregularly

dilat((l. The bifurcation occurs just a little in front of the

ventral sucker.

The testes are situated in the ])osterior third of the body,

one behind the other in the middle line. In shape they are

ovoid, and have a greatest diameter (longitudinal) of ’38 mm.

The ovary lies directly in front, almost median or a little to

tlie right, and is less than the testes (*21 mm ). The vitelline

glands are lateral, extending from the posterior ei d of ti c

body to a short distance behind the ventral sucker ; they

consist of small compact follicles.

There are very few ova (17), but they are of large size,

measuring '087-*091 mm. x •0ff-'053 mm. The shape is

unusual, pointed at one end and truncated at the other

The uterus lies entirely between the ovary and the ventral

sucker, and is contined laterally by the intestinal diverticula.

There is a long club-shaped penis-sac extending some

distance behind the ventral sucker, though not so elongated

as in bteph. cesticillus. The posterior portion is occupied by

a large ovoid vesicula seminalis. There is a considerable

pnrs prostatica. The genital aperture is median, directly in

front of the ventral sucker.

It is evident that this species difftrs very considerably

from already knowm forms. In the first place the body is

much less elongated, and the suckers are proportionately

further apart and larger. The cephalic spines, besides being

more numerous than in any other species, are differently

disposed, those in the anterior row^ being shorter than those

Three ova were observed lying within the ventral sucker. This

recalls a condition already noted (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. p. 620)

in a parasite inhabiting the cloaca of L(mis argentatus. The suppesition

which I then hazarded seems to be strengthened by this case, liulh are

forms living in the terminal portion of the gut of their host, and the

possibility suggests itself that in both the ova may be retained for some

time within the ventral sucker in order to pi event their being excreted

in too immature a condition. Many forms having a similar habitat

display adaptations in the ova, having apparently the same end in view.

The precocious development of eye-spots in several species and the

ciliated embryos in Diatomum viviparum, Olsson (from tl e end-gut of

rieuronectid fishes), are illustrative cases.

83

Entozoa of British Marine. Fishes.

in tlie postci’ior. In Sleph. minulus, Looss*, they are of

equal size in the two rows, hut in the other species the

anterior row contains the larger spines. In addition the

ova are much larger than those of any other species except

Steph. cesiicillus,

Zoo(/onoldes vivlparus, Olsson.

(PI.* 11. fig. 8 ; PI. III. fig. 9.)

Distomum viviparum. Olsson, Lunds Univ. Arsskrift, 1867, iv. no. 8,

p. 28, pi. iv. figs. 73-75.

ZoogoTuis viviparus, Looss, Centralbl. Bakt. Iste Abtlieil. xxix. p. 440.

Zoogonoides viviparus, Odlmer, Centralbl. Bakt. Iste Abtlieil. xxxi.

p'. 62, fig. 2.

This species, first discovered by Olsson in Pleuronectes

microcephalus and incorrectly described by him, has been

fully described by Odlmer. Looss assigned it to the genus

Zoogonus, Lss., along with Z. miruSj Lss., but Odhner with

reason regarded it as the type of a new genus. Olsson was

only able to discover two specimens, occurring, as he believed,

in the stomach of the host. Odhner, however, correctly

points out that the true habitat of the species is the terminal

portion of the intestine. He found it in Pleuronectes flesus,

PL limanda, PL platessa, PL microcephalus , Hippoglossoides

platessoides, and Callionymus lyra. I have found it here in

PL limanda, PL platessa, and Rhombus maximus, and

always in the lower reaches of the intestine, particularly the

rectum. It always occurs in large numbers, usually accom-

panied in Pleuronectes limanda by tiering ophor us furciger,

Ol'Son.

Odhner^s description of the species is almost exhaustive.

The limits of size which he gives, however, are rather

narrow. I have found mature examples as small as *8 mm.

and, in Rhombus maidmus, as large as 1*6 mm. ; in Pleuro-

nectes limanda they never exceed 1*2 mm. The maximum

breadth is •31-*42 mm. The diameter of the oral sucker

lies within Odhner’s limits, viz. ‘Id-HG mm. - but the ventral

sucker is never twice as large, as Odhner has it, and its

aperture is nearly circular, or if elliptical the eccentricity is

small. The cuticular spines are very minute, arranged in a

regular diamond pattern, and cover the whole body except

a small part at the posterior end. The intestinal diverticula

do not extend beyond the posterior border of the ventral

sucker.

The testes are two ovoid bodies, situated about the level

• Centralbl. fiir Bakter. Iste Abtheil. xxix. p. 604, figs. 5, 5 a.

6*

Si

Mr. W. NIcoll on the

of the ])oslerior border of the ventral sueker and symmetri-

eally plaeed, one on citlier side of tins. In the living speei-

men it is diffieult to fix the exaet position of the testes and

ovary, for they move baekwards and forwards with the move-

ments of the animal. Sometimes one testis is a little further

forward than the other, and sometimes the ovary is on a level

with one or both. In preserved spceimens tlie position is

])retty mueh as shown in the figure (PI. II. fig. 8, T).

^riie ovary is to the rear of the ventral sucker, almost median

or somewhat to the right. It is smaller and more globular

than the testes. I find the size of the miracidium-containing

capsule to be •088-'094 x •0I2-*04I mm., which is larger

than Odlmer has it.

Subfam. IIemiurinje (Looss, ex p.), Liilie.

Looss * included in this subfamily the appendieulate

Distomes and their congeners. Ltihet, however, saw fit to

restrict the name to a certain group of these forms repre-

sented by two genera, Hemim'us, Rud. (ex p.), and Lecitho-

cladium, n. g. Odhner later J removed Hemiurus crenatus,

Rud., from the former genus and made it the type of a

distinct genus, Br achy phallus. Of the members of this sub-

family we have here to deal with Hemiurus appendiculatus,

Rud., and Brachyphallus crenatus, Rud.

Genus Hemiurus, Rud. (ex p.), Liihe.

Within this genus Liihe includes only H. appendiculatus

(Rud., 1802), H. Stossichii (Montic., 1891), H. crenalus,

Rud., 1802 {=Distomum ocreatum., Olsson, 1867), H. Icevis,

Linton, and H. grandipurus, Moiin. These all agree in

having the yolk-glands compact, rounded or only slightly

lobed, situated close behind the ovary and almost touching

each other. The features in which they present differences

are, amongst others, the relative sizes of the suckers, the pro-

portionate length of the appendix, the position of the genital

aperture, the length of the pars prostatica, and the position of

the vesicula seminalis.

I have had before me during my investigation specimens

of appendieulate Distomes belonging to the genus Hemiurus

from four different hosts: — Clupea harengus, Hippoglossus

* Zool. .Tahrb. Syst. xii. p. 640.

t Zool. Anzeig. xxiv. p. 694.

t Fauna Arctica, iv. (2) pp. 3o2, 653.

85

Entozoa of British Marine Fisher,

vuUjaris, Gadus (pghfinus, and Ammodtjtes toblanus. From

the first tlirce Distomuni appendiciilaliim, Rud., has already

been recorded, but, as Ltdie points out, identification has

in many cases been totally erroneous. Each of the four

varieties which I have examined agree well enough on

superficial inspection with the accepted idea of Distomum

appendiculatum, Rud., but on closer investigation they are

found to differ each from the other to a greater or less

degree and all from Liihe’s amended definition * of Hemiurus

appendiculatus, Rud.; they approach more nearly to H. Stos-

sichii (Montic.), Liihe t. The chief features of difference

between the above-mentioned varieties are the situation of

the testes and the length of the pars prostatica and con-

sequent position of the seminal vesicle. In these respects

the examples from the haddock, sand-eel, and halibut agree

closely with each other and differ markedly from the herring

specimens. We must therefore regard the former as distinct

from the latter. To fully reconcile either with already

existing descriptions and in particular with the definitions

of Liihe is impossible. Eor the present, however, I shall

include the specimens from Clupea harengus under Hemiurus

Liihei, Odlmer, while those from Ammodytes tobianu^ are

noticed under Hemiurus communis^ Odhner.

Hemiurus Liihei, Odhner \^ = H. Siossichii (Montic.), Liihe],

From the stomach and emeum of Clupea harengus.

The already recorded host of this form is Clupea pilchardus,

and the fact that this fish is a member of the same family as

the herring strengthens the probability that the forms from

both are identical. Yv^ithout attempting a full description

of the species I shall endeavour to make clear wherein my

specimens differ from Liihe'’s definition.

Its occurrence in the herring was frequent and in great

numbers, and it w’’as the only intestinal parasite to be met

with. The body is very ranch elongated. The length,

including the extended appendix, is 2'70-4T4 mm. Of this

the appendix comprises about l~\ {i. e. the appendix = of

the rest of the body). The breadth was measured at two

points, (1) just behind the ventral suckers, (2) immediately

in front of the appendix ; it was found remarkably constant,

viz. *28-’33 mm. x •35-*40 mm., representing a somewhat

more attenuate condition than Liihe admits in H. Stossic/iii.

The length of the neck (taken as the distance between the

* Zool. Anzeig. xxiv, p. 396.

t Ibid. p. 39S.

8(5

Mr. W. Nicoll orj (he

centres of llie two suckers) has also a fairly constant pra-

])ortion. It was inrn., representing a pro[)ortion of

of the body (without appendix). The oral sucker has a*

diameter of T1-T3 mm. and the ventral •18-24 mm. The

relative proportion may therefore be approximately 1 : 2 or

2 : 3, not invariably 2 : 3 as Liihe has it. Tlie pharynx is

contiguous with the oral sucker and has a length of 'Ob mm.

with a breadth of •06-*07 mm. The oesophagus is very

short or absent. The intestinal diverticula may extend into

the appendix, but usually do not. The cuticle of the body

is ringed geringelt that of the appendix is deeply

striated.

The genital aperture lies a short distance behind the

ventral lip of the oral sucker ; the genital sinus is long and

extends almost as far back as the ventral sucker. The pars

prostatica is also of great length ; the prostate cells are very

numerous and form a dense mass behind the ventral sucker.

In consequence of the length of the prostate, the vesicula

seminalis is at a great distance behind the ventral sucker.

The distance as measured is from *6 mm. to *9 mm., i. e,

rather more tlian ^ of the body-length. The seminal vesicle

is double and usually lies towards the left side. The testes are

just behind it and one is almost directly behind the other,

the obliquity being very slight. They are globular or some-

what ovoid and of fair size (diam. •14-'16 mm.). The ovary

and vitelline glands lie almost midway between the testes

and the beginning of the appendix. The ovary is always

elliptical, the long axis being transverse, and measures

•13-T8 X Tl-’12 mm. It is thus about the same size as the

testes. The yolk-glands lie close behind and ventral to the

ovary, and are each about the same size as the ovary ; they

are slightly lobed, one usually having three, the other four

lobes. This coincides, curiously enough, with Liihe’s

observations in the cases where the yolk-glands are tubular.

The glands are at a distance of *4-'6 mm. from the appendix.

The uterus is very voluminous and may extend a short dis-

tance into the appendix, but usually does not. Tlie ova are

numerous and measure •022-’028 mm. X •011- 012 mm.

Htmiurus coimuunis , Odhner.

From the oesophagus, stomach, and intestine of Ammodytes

iobianus and from the stomach of Gadus ceglefinus.

This species shows very great resemblance both to

H. appendiculaius and to H. Liihei. It is ditferentiated from

the former by the situation of the testes, wdiich are close

87

Entozoa of Urltish Marine Fishes.

beliiiul tlie ventral sucker and markedly obli(|ue ; also by

the relative sizes of the suckers. Ih’om H. Lu/iei it differs

ill the length of the a-sophagiis, in the shortness of the pars

prostatica, and in the forward position of the vcsiciila senii-

nalis and testes. It differs from both in the length of the

appendix.

Mature examples were found in the sand-eel, varying in

length (including appendix) from r5-2 5 mm. Of this the

appendix often comprised as much as | (i. e. | of the rest of

the body) ; usually somewhat smaller, but never less than

half as long as the rest of the body. The examples from the

liaddock and the halibut agree in this respect. The body is

not so attenuated as in the form from Ciupea harengas^ the

breadth being ’37-'88 mm. just behind the ventral sucker

and '42-‘57 in front of the appendix. The neck (distance

between centres of suckers) is also much longer than in the

above form, being ^ of the body-length. The oral sucker

has a diameter of T1-T8 mm. and the ventral a diameter of

T6-’26 mm., so that the relative size is from ^ to more

usually the latter. The pharynx is contiguous with the oral

sucker and measures ’06 x '07. There is a distinct cesophagus,

about as long as or longer than the pharynx. The intestinal

diverticula may extend a considerable distance into the

appendix, but often stop short of it. The cuticle of the

body is ringed, but the rings become faint towards the

appendix. The striations on. the latter are not very distinct.

It IS usually divided into two portions of almost equal length,

the posterior of which becomes invaginated within the other

when the appendix is retracted.

The genital aperture occupies the same position as in the

preceding species; the genital sinus is not quite so long.

The pars prostatica is shorter and the seminal vesicle, which

is double, is immediately behind the ventral sucker. The testes

are globular or ovoid and are not far behind the seminal

vesicle ; somewhat obliquely situated, the left is almost

entirely in front of the right. They have a diameter of

*10-' 16 mm. The ovary is ovoid, the long axis being trans-

verse, and measures Tl-'16 mm. X '09 mm. The yolk-glands

are behind the ovary and contiguous with it; they are usually

slightly lobed as in the preceding species. The uterus is

voluminous and may extend into the appendix. The ova

are numerous and measure •022-'031 mm. x '009-013 mm.

The specimens from Gadus ceglefinus present slight

variations from the above and tend more to H. appendix

culatus, but they certainly cannot be included under that

species according to Llihe’s definition.

88

.Mr. W. Nicoll on the

An interesting oceurrence was witnessed while a living

speeirnen from the sand-eel was- being examined. The left

yolk-gland was observed to gradually, but rapidly disappear,

so that not a traee was left. The preserved speeirnen

exhibits only one yolk-gland. This may afford a possible

explanation of Monticelli^s observation of ordy one gland

in Hemiurus S^tossichii, a case which Liihe has difficulty in

reconciling with his own observations

In an example of Hemiuriifi appendiculatus from the halibut

(PI. III. fig. II) a rare condition was met with, namely,

pigment-spots in the ova. The presence of eye-spots in the

ova of Hemiurinse is not usual, and on that account I

regarded the case as suspicious. On close examination some

of the ova displayed two spots, one at each pole ; others had

several spots congregated at one end, but in the majority

the appearance simulated the usual occurrence of eye-

spots. Indications of pigmentation, however, were found

throughout the body and large patches were discovered in

the substance of both suckers. Another smaller example

showed no spots in the ova, but the suckers contained several

black patches. The explanation of this seems difficult ; the

case is certainly unique in my experience, and I can only

attribute it at present to some diseased condition.

By' achy phallus ci'enaiiis (Hud.), Liihe.

Distoma crenntum, Rud. Entoz. Hist. ii. p. 404, pi. v. fig. 1.

O

Distoma ocreatum, Olsson, Lunds Univ. Arsskrift, iv. (8) p. 48, pi. v.

figs. 90-98.

Hemiurus crenatus, Liihe, Zool. Anzeig. xxiv. p. 399 ; Lander, Bull.

Mus. Harvard, xlv. no. 1.

Brachyphallus Odhner, Fauna Arctica, iv. (2) p. 352.

Amongst the numerous examples of Hemiurus communis

from the sand-eel several specimens of this species were

found. It is at once differentiated by the almost equal size

of the suckers. The length of my examples, which were

pretty nearly all of one size, was 2T 2-2*38 mm., with an

appendix of 1*08-1*18 mm., i. e. the appendix equals about

half the length of the rest of the body. This corresponds

very well with the observations of Lander and Odhner. Liihe

makes the length I *25-1 '35 mm. and the appendix J as long

as the trunk. The breadth behind the ventral sucker was

*52-‘64 mm., and near the appendix it was '7\-‘77 mm.

These figures are much in excess of any found by other

observers.

* Zool. Aiizeiger, xxiv. p. 399, note 13.

89

Entozoa of British Marine Fishes.

The diameter of tlie oral suekor was •21-’26 mm., that of

the ventral sucker *28-‘8() mm., the pro[)ortioii therefore

l)ein^ () : 7, which is identic al with that found by Lander and

Odhner. The genital aperture lies midway between the

suckers: Lander says nearer the oral sucker, Odhner nearer

the ventral. The appendix always apj)ears in two parts and

the intestinal diverticula reach to nearly its extreme end.

It is deeply striated.

The })harynx is contiguous with the oral sucker. Between

the observations of the above observers there is some diver-

gence, Odhner^s dimensions being much less than those of

Lander. I have found it to vary, the breadth as often as

not exceeding the length. Length '09-T2 mm., diameter

'09-Tl mm. These figures agree more with Lander’s. In

my specimen the left testis is further forward than the right,

which disagrees with both Odhner and Lander’s figures. The

ovary is globular or ovoid and smaller than the testes. The

yolk-glands are usually compact, but sometimes they are

more or less scattered, a part being occasionally found at

some distance from the main mass and connected witli it by

a narrower portion. In one case single follicles were ob-

served scattered throughout the body near the appendix.

The ova measure •02I-’023 mm.X •015-’0I6 mm. ; they are

thus somewhat broader than those measured by Odhner.”

Subfamily Lecithochieiin^, Liihe.

Genus Lecithaster, Liihe.

Lecithaster gibbosus, Bud. [ = L. mollissimus^ Levinsen] .

From a sand-eel [Ammodytes tobianus) I obtained what I

believe to be a specimen of this parasite. It occurred only

once, although more than fifty sand-eels were examined, so

that it is extremely rare. It was, unfortunately, damaged

during inspection, but not before I had observed the following

particulars : —

A large vesicula seminalis lay at the level of the ventral

sucker and dorsal to it. A ductus ejaculatorius, with pro-

static cells, stretched forward to open a little way behind the

oral sucker. In the posterior part of the body the yolk-

glands were arranged in seven or eight lobes radiating from

a common centre. There was a small caudal appendix. In

the position of the testes were situated two circular bodies,

displaying internally a system of concentric rings. For this

appearance I am unable to account. The ovary could not be

90

Mr. W. Nicoll on the

distinguished, and tliere were no ova (so tliat the specimen

was probably immature). Together with the size of the

body and the condition of the suckers these characters seem

sufficient to estal)lish identity with Distomum mollissimum as

described by Levinsen

Genus Derogenes, Liilie.

Verogenes various, Muller.

This has proved one of the most widely distributed Trema-

todes in this locality, and has occurred in the following

hosts : — Gadus merlangus (intestine), HippogJossus vulgaris

(stomach). Rhombus maximus (oral cavity, oesophagus, and

stomach b Rhombus Icevis (stomach), Pleuronectes lunanda

(oral cavity, oesophagus, and -stomach), and Coitus scorpius

(intestine). It is here recorded for the first time from

Rhombus maximus and Pleuronectes limanda, and in these it

has occurred most frec^uently.

Its characters are so well known that it calls for no descrip-

tion here. The limits of size are wide, Stossich giving them

as T5-7 mm. I have found adult specimens less than 1 mm.

long, and the largest example obtained was 3*4 mm. long

from the stomach of the turbot. The most common size is

1*5-2 0 mm. The oral sucker in individuals of that size has

a diameter of *19-*24 mm., and the ventral sucker *33-*40 mm.

The ova vary greatly in specimens from different hosts. The

limits in length are *050-*062 mm., and in breadth *025-

*034 mm. Those in front of the ventral sucker are always

larger than those behind, and it is in the latter that the

greatest variations are to be observed. Thus in an example

from the halibut the ova in the anterior part of the body

measured *059 X *032 mm., in the posterior part *057 X *0i7

mm. The approximate size of the ova just about to be

extruded may be taken as *056-*060 x *031- 034 mm.

Derogenes cacozelus, sp. n. (PI. III. fig. 10.)

Found in the intestine and rectum of Hippoglossus vulgaris

and the intestine of Pleuronectes limanda. It is not at all

common, only a few specimens having been obtained. It

bears a close resemblance to Derogenes various, Muller, but

the large vesicula seminalis and the small ova differentiate it

at once from that species.

The body is elongated, cylindrical, broadest in the middle.

♦ Orersigt Kgl. Uansk. Selskab. 1881, pp. o9-61, pi. ii. fig. 4.

91

Entozoa of British Marine Fishes,

la|)erlii«* towards cadi end. Tjcii^tli •87-1*51 mm. The

section is approximately circular. Tlic cuticle is unarmed,

l)iit very faint tiansvcrsc wrinkU's apjicar on the surface,

^riic oral sucker is subtcrminal, globular, with a diameter of

•16 mm. (in a specimen of length 1*5 inrn.). The vcntial

sucker is somewhat prominent, globular, and lies in front of

tlie middle of the body (*57 mm. ITom anterior end) ; its

diameter is *23 mm. Both have circular apertures.

There is a large muscular pharynx, almost globular, with

a diameter of *08 mm. The oesophagus is extremely short

and the intestinal bifurcation takes place immediately behind

the pharynx. The diverticula are wide, irregularly dilated,

and extend to the posterior extremity of the body. The

excretory system resembles that of Derogenes varicus.

The testes are obliquely placed behind the ventral sucker;

they are two ovoid bodies, with a maximum diameter of

*12 mm. The ovary is more nearly globular : diameter

*10 mm. It is situated almost midway between t’ e ventral

sucker and the tip of the tail. Behind it lies a pair of large

vitelline glands having the same structure and disposition as

in Derogenes varicus The uterus is much convoluted and

fills a large portion of the body. The eggs are very numerous

and rather small, ovoid in shape. Size 021-*023 mm. X

•014- 016 mm.

There is a large ovoid vesicula seminalis lying on the same

level as the ventral sucker and dorsal to it, measuring

•23x‘17 mm. From it issues a somewhat narrow ductus

ejaculatorius, leading forward to the penis-sac. The duct is

surrounded for two thirds of its length by numerous

prostate-gland cells lying free in the body-substance. The

penis-sac resembles that in Derogenes varicus. It is some-

what pear-shaped or almost globular. The aperture is

situated in the raid- ventral line at a distance of ‘21 mm.

from the edge of the oral sucker.

Distomum sp. (PI. III. fig. 12 ; PI. IV. fig. 13.)

From the muscles &c. of Coitus bubalis.

While collecting one day I observed a Coitus lying in a

small rock-pool. I approached it cautiously, but it seemed

unaware of my presence until I seized it, and even then its

struggles to escape were feeble. In a tank it took no notice

of food or objects placed near it, but lay torpid. It appeared

to be blind. On dissection the cause was revealed. The

whole body, skin, muscles, bones, and the layers of the eye

were impregnated w'itli small masses of black pigment,

92

Mr. W. Nicoll on the

accompanied by cysts contairiinj^ Trematode cercariie. The

only ])arts not affected were the brain and the abdominal

or^atis. The pigment-spots appeared to follow the course of

tlie })lood-vcssels, as is evident from fig. 13^, and they are

probably spread throughout the body by means of the blood.

The nature of tlie pigment T did not ascertain. The Trema-

tode is a small tailless larva^ having the body entirely

covered vvitli minute spines, two small suckers, and with

intestinal diverticula extending to the tip of tlie tail. I am

at present unable to assign it to any known species.

Idiis occurrence may admit of explanation in the same

way as Johnstone* accounts for a similar infection of

Plearoriectes limanda, although the parasites in the two cases

are not identical.

Distomum sp.

From gills of Cottas scorpius and Gobius Rathensparri in

capsules.

This occurred rarely, but in infected specimens the

numbers were large. The wall of the cyst was thin, so that

the eni3losed larva could be easilv^ seen. It possessed few

distinctive features, so that identification was, for the time

being, impossible.

N EMATODA.

Ascaropsis morrhu(je, van Beneden. (PI. IV. figs. 14-16.)

Ascaropsis morrhuce, van Beneden, Mem. Acad. Belg. 1871, xxxviii.

p. 56, pi. hi. fig. 11.

Van Beneden appears to have instituted this genus and

species at one and the same time, bat he gives no definition

of the genus or description of the species except a few words

in a footnote and drawings of the head, tail, and ovum.

From these, however, I am able to establish the identity of

the specimens which I assign to this species.

Van Beneden found it in the intestine and pyloric caeca of

the cod [Gadus morrhua). I have to record it from Gadus

(sgleJinuSj Hippoglossus vulgaris, and Coitus bubalis. In each

of the two latter only one specimen occurred, but in the

haddock it was extremely numerous and was met with

throughout the whole anterior part of the alimentary canal.

The body is elongated, narrow, and cylindrical, of almost

uniform girth ; attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly, with a

* Keport Lancashire Sea-Fisheries Laboratory for 190-1, p. 101.

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Kntozoa of British Marine Fishes.

ventral excavation at the tail. Length 6-8 niin., breadth

*8-’9 nun. Cuticle annnlatcd by furrows, which are con-

tinnons for more than one annulus. Van l^cneden represents

each ring as complete, i)robably owing to bis not having

studied the character of the annulation. Towards the ante-

rior end the furrows become faint and disappear. Projecting

forward from the head are two small spines, omitted by

van Beneden ; these are largest in the example from Coitus

bubalis, and almost invisible in that from the halibut.

The month is terminal and appears to consist of two

equal-sized but little-differentiated lips. There is a long

oesophagus and a long simple intestine pursuing an uneven

course towards the anus, wliieh opens in the excavation at

the tail. In adult specimens the ovary and uterus occupy

almost the whole of the remainder of the body. The ovary

arises at the posterior extremity of the body and passes

forward, twisting lound the intestine in its course. The

middle third of the body is usually completely filled with ova.

These have the characteristic shape, with the two flagella at

one pole, noted by van Beneden. Size •039-’040 ram. x

•021 -‘022 mm. These measurements are almost uniform in

the specimens from each of the three hosts.

A. form somewhat resembling this was taken from the

intestine of Pleuronectes microcephalus. It displayed the

cliaracteristic annulation, but on the head, instead of two

spines, appeared two prominent circular marks. No ova or

genitalia were present, so that the specimen was immature

and identification was impossible.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

The following letters apply to all the ligures : —

BSN. Ventral sucker.

CB. Penis-sac.

DB. Ductus ejaculatorius.

l)Sf. Vitelline glands.

B.v. Excretory vesicle.

J. Intestinal diverticula.

KSt. Ovary.

LC. Laurer’s canal.

MSA'. Oral sucker.

Oe. QEsophagus.

Ov. Ova.

P. Penis.

PG. Genital aperture.

Ph Pharynx.

PPh. Prepharynx.

PPr. Pars prostatica.

Pr. Prostate glands.

1\, 1\. Testes.

BS. Receptaculum seminis.

SD. Shell-gland.

Ut. Uterus.

1"'g. Vagina.

/ S. Vesicula seminalis.

Plate I.

Fig. 1. Podocolyle ntomon, Rud. Anterior part, to show prepharvnx •

dorsal view. * ’

01

^.lessrs. J. C. lUelvIIl and II. Ponsonby on

Fig. 2. Vodocotyle atomo7i, Kud. Sliell-gland complex ; ventral view.

J)G, yolk-duct; YR, yolk-receptacle; KG, oviduct.

Fig. 3. J.epodora rachicea, Cokbold. Ventral aspect.

Fig. 4. Ditto. Male genital apparatus ; peuis retracted : dorsal view,

Plate II.

Fig. /). Sti‘phanoehns77ius haccatus, sp. u. Ventral aspect.

Fig. 6. Ditto. Head, showing spines ; ventral aspect.

Fig. 7. Ditto. Outline of ovum.

Fig. 8. Zoogonoides viviparus, Olsson. Ventral aspect. Em, embryo.

Plate III.

Fig. 9. Zoogonoides viviparus, Olsson. Penis-sac ; penis retracted,

showing the spines ; ventral view.

Fig. 10. Derogenes cacozelus, sp, n. Right lateral aspect.

Fig. 11. Hemiurus appendiculatus, Rud., from Hippoglossus vulgaris.

Loop of uterus, showing ova with pigment-spots.

Fig. 12. Head of Coitus hubalis, Euphr. Eye removed, to show pigment-

spots in the eye-socket.

Plate IV.

Fig. 13. Head of Coitus buFdis, Euphr. Lower jaw divided and turned

to the sides ; gills bent hack, to show the pigment-spots in

the roof of the mouth, following the course of the blood-

vessels.

Fig. 14. Ascaropsis morrliuce, van Ben,, from Gadus ceglefinus. a, cepha-

lic spines ; b, termination of annulating furrow ; c, end of

oesophagus ; d, ova.

Fig. 15. Ascaropsis morrliuce, van Ben., from Coitus buhalis. Highly

enlarged view of head, showing the two spines.

Fig.\Q>. Ditto. Tail; ventral aspect. intestine ; anus.

The drawings, with the exceptions of figs. 2, 4, 8, 9, were made from

preserved specimens.

VIII. — Descriptions of Fifteen Terrestrial MoUusca from South

Africa. By James Cosmo Melvill, M.A., F.L.S., and

John Henry Ponsonby, F.Z.S.

[Plate VI.]

Three year.s having now elapsed since our last communica-

tion we now venture to otfer an eigditeenih contribution

upon the subject, maiidy consisting of the descriptions of seven

Ennecie several Helicoids, mostly collected by Miss Hickey,

Messrs. J. McBean, J. Farquhar, and H. C. Burnnp, to

whom our best acknowledgments are due, while we would

* Ann. k Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xii. (December 1903), pp. 595 sipj.

05

Mollusca fro)u South A frica.

take this opportunity of especially thanking the last-named

for his continued valuable critical assistance.

Ennea Alicioij sp. n. (PI. VF. tig. 1.)

E. testa rimulata, obtuso-cylindrica, laevissima, pellucida, tenui,

nitida, lubrica ; anfractibus 9, quorum apicales 3 subconici, caeteris

ventricosulis, apud suturas improssis, ultimo paullum producto, ad

basin arete striate ; apertura semicirculari, peristomate incras-

sato, nitido, plicis dentibusve quatuor munito : plica parietali

acinaciformi, acuta, intrante, dente labiali bi- vel tritido, magiio,

plica basali incurva, columellari omnirio interna, bimamillata,

magna, aperturam fere claudente.

Long. 9-5, lat. 4*5 mm.

Ilah. Makowe, Zululand (Burnup) .

A large and handsome species, slightly recalling E. for-

mosa., M. & P., iti general appearance; but it is a much

smoother shell, with subconical apex, whorls broader and

tun-shaped, mouth-processes differing in the absence of a

colurnellar tooth, in the tendency of the labial tooth to become

trifid, the internal colurnellar plait being almost identical in

both species.

To l\lrs. Alice Burnup, companion of her husband on so

many successful expeditions in South Africa, this conspicuous

Ennea is dedicated.

Ennea johanneshurgensis, sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 2.)

E. testa parva, subrimata, dolioliformi, solidula, pallide straminea,

apice obtusissimo ; anfractibus 7, paullum ventricosis, apud suturas

impressis, undique longitudinaliter obliquistriatis ; apertura fere

rotunda ; peristomate ^bo, nitido, incrassato : plica parietali

acuta, intrante, fere recta, dente labiali acuto, basali obtuso, plica

coiuuiellari conspicue et omnino intrante, rotundata, mammaeformi.

Long. 6, lat. 2 mm.

Hah. Johannesburg, Transvaal [McBean, Johnson).

More than a dozen examples of this species have been

inspected, besides one or two that were received a few years

since from Mr. Johnson, shoi tly after his first arrival in !South

Africa. One of these slightly exceeds 6 mm. in length. It

belongs to the alliance of S. eximia^ Gollieri^ Wottoni^

M. & P., or infans, Craven, from which it chiefly differs in

the presence of an obtuse basal tooth.

Ennea phragma ^ , sp. n. (PL VI. fig. 3.)

E. testa cylindrica, dolioliformi, apud basin pone labrum conspicue

scrobiculata, recta, parva, pallide albo-straminea, apicem versus

* ([ipayna, a palisade or fence.

Messrs. J. 0. Melvill and J. IT. Ponsonby on

Of)

planata ; anfractibiis, inclusis apicalibus, 7, ad suturas impressis,

undi(pie arete lonj^itudinaliter liratis, liris obliquis; apertura

ovata; ])eristornate incrassato, sinuoso, albo, nitido, dentibus

j)licisve quatiior muiiito : plica parietali conspicua, magnopere

iiitraiite, dente labiali crasso, acute, basali parvo, plica colu-

luellari bifida, superficialiter dentiformi, multum intraute, subtus

mammaeforrai.

Alt. 3-5, diam. 1’5 mm.

Hah. Waku District, Catlicart, near the Klipplatz River

{Miss Ilickei/').

Smaller, narrower, and more cylindrical than E. drakens-

hergensis^ M. & P., and in general form more resembling

E. caryatis^ M. & P., but differing from that species entirely'

as regards the disposition of the oral plaits and teeth. It

may be compared also with E. montana, M. & P., from

Mountain Drive, Grrahamstown, the aperture of which is

trigonous, with finer and closer spirals on the whorls.

Ennca stauroiua*, sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 4.)

E. testa subrimata, ovato-oblonga, laevigata, nitida ; anfractibus,

apicali incluso, 8, omnibus pellucidis, perlaevibus, vitreis ; aper-

tura rotunda ; peristomate incrassato, nitente, albido, plicis

dentibusve complicatis fortiter munito : plica parietali crassa,

labiali magnopere intrante, 3- vel 4-partita, devia, dente basali

minore, squarroso, plica columellari omnino interna, tridentata,

magna, aperturam semiclaudente.

Alt. 6, diam. 3 mm.

Hah. Melmoth, Zululand, at 3000 feet, with no water

near the spot'’^ [AHss Ilich-y).

Several examples of a pellucid, very smooth and shining

Ennea^ eight-whorled, oval or oval-oblong in form, with very

complicated peristomatal processes, the most peculiar being

the thrice or four times divided labial tooth or plait, proceeding

deeply within, and irregularly serrulate. The moderately-

sized basal tooth is squarely oblong, the columellar process

wdiolly internal, half closing the orifice below.

We take as the ty])e the ovate form. One specimen is

decidedly oblong, in all other respects similar.

Ennea vallaris^^ sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 5.)

E. testa breviter cylindrica, crassa, parva, solidula ; anfractibus 8,

apice ipso obtusissimo, cseteris arctissime obliquicostulatis ;

apertura subrotunda ; peristomate albo, nitido, crassiusculo,

* cTTavpwixa, a palisade, from the oral processes,

t Val/ans, belonging to a fortification or rampart.

97

Mollnsca from South Africa.

plicis dentibusve 5 praedito : plica parietali acinaciformi, intrantc,

plicis duabu8 labialibus, cxtus dentiforrnibus, longe intrantibua,

denfce basali aimplicc, aciito, parvo, plica columellari raammaoformi,

profunda, aperturam fere claudente.

Alt. 4, diam. 1-5 mm.

Hah. Meirnotb, Ziiluland (ilfm Tficlcey).

Four examples, all precisely similar, of a small peculiarly

incrassate species, something like E. crassidem^ Pfr., and

other members of that alliance in miniature. The peiisto-

matal processes are very marked, almost between them closing

the roundish aperture.

Erinea xysila sp. n. (PI. VI. figs. 6, 6 «.)

E. testa recta, cylindrica, variabili, parum rimata, nunc majore,

solida, albo-cinerea, longitudinaliter indistincte et oblique crassi-

costata, nunc (var. hyalina) laevi, pellucente, nitida ; anfractibus

7-9, quorum apicales obtusissimi, subplanati, cmteris rectis ;

apertura ovata vel ovato-rotunda ; peristomate nitido, albo, in-

crassato, dentibus plicisve quinque instructo : plica parictali acuta,

longe intrante, dentibus duobus labialibus, quorum superior

bifidus, dente basali conspicuo, acuto, plica columellari omnino

interna, magna, maraillata.

Long. 5, lat. 2 mm. (sp. min., var. hyalina).

„ 8, „ 3 „ (sp. maj.).

Hah. Johannesburg, Transvaal {Johnson^ McBean) ; Pre-

toria (^McBean) .

A variable species, the smaller, very smooth, shining,

transparent form (var. hyalina) offering considerable contrast

to the large, more coarsely longitudinally striate shell which

attains the maximum development as given above, and was

collected by Mr. Johnson.

The mouth-processes in both are virtually identical. With

the larger form E. vanstaadensis^ M. & P., is comparable, as

also are E. instahilis and ampullacea., Stur. [ = ohovataj Pir. ?),

but our species differs in the more cylindrical contour and

bolder disposition of peristomatal plaits. Another marked

characteristic in E. xysila is the bifurcation of the upper

labial tooth.

Our best thanks are due to Mr. Henry C. Burnup for

having devoted much time to the elucidation of this very

interesting but variable species.

Ennea zelota'\, sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 7.)

E. testa ovato-oblonga, politissima, obtecte rimata, apud apicem

* ^vaiKos, smoothish.

t (rjXcoTos, enviable.

Ann. (k Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. VoL xix.

7

98

Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby on

obtusa, albo-hyalina, vel pallide straminea ; anfractibus 8, parum

ventricosis, loevissirais, striis longitudinalibus fere evanidis, non-

nisi apud basin (vel, in uno speciraine, obscurissirae juxta

suturas) ; apertura ovata ; peristomate albo, nibido, sex plicis

dentibusve instriicto : plica parietali conspicua, dente ad sinistram

minute addito, dentibiis labialibus duobus, inferiore forti, bifido,

superiore minute, dente basali bene definite, celiimellari magna,

baud prefunde intrante.

Leng. 5, lat. 2 mm.

Hah. Port Shepstone {Bm^nup).

A remarkable A'/iweri, without a near ally in the disposition of

its very elaborate peristomatal processes. The sliell is smooth,

shining, oblong-ovate, remarkably obtuse, with only occa-

sional faint signs of striation ; there exists a small parietal

tooth near the strong deep-seated plait; the labial teeth are

two in number, the lower being very well defined and bifid ;

the basal and columellar teeth are likewise conspicuous.

Naialina arguta sp. n. (PL VI. fig. 8.)

N. testa profunde umbilicata, Igete rufo-brunnea, depresso-orbiculari,

undiqiie arete longitudinaliter striata, apud basin nitidiore ; an-

fractibus ad 5, ventricosulis, ultimo magno ; apertura rotundo-

lunari ; peristomate, prsecipue apud regionem columellarem,

paullum reflexo.

Alt. 14, diam. 21 mm.

Hah. East London (Biirniip).

Allied to A. Trimeni^ M. & P., that species being more

globose, of olivaceous rather than rufous-brown hue, not so

regularly striate throughout, the base being smoother and far

more shining, the umbilicus narrow, and aperture slightly

oblique. N. arguta^ in brief, is a brighter-coloured and

handsomer form in every way.

Natalina instgnts, sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 9.)

A. testa magna, depresso-globosa, profunde sed anguste umbilicata,

sordide olivacea ; anfractibus ad 5, convexiusculis, longitudinaliter

rudi-striatis, striis irregularibus, subtus apud basin nitidam fere

evanidis ; apertura rotundo-lunari ; peristomate apud marginem

paullum incrassato, ad umbilicum triangulatim reflexo.

Alt. 23, diam. 30 mm. (sp. maj.).

Huh. Teafontein, Grahamstown.

May be compared with N. euynactaj M. & P., a more

♦ Arffutus^ clear, distinct.

99

Mollusca from South Africa,

globular species, and lihytida Kraussii, Pfr.* We have only

as yet seen two examples of this interesting mollusk, the first

being in the British Museum (Natural History). This is

taken as the type.

Ildicarion astlienes t, sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 10.)

H. testa ampla, suborbiculari, laete olivacea, vel rufescenti-cornea,

teimi ; spira dcpresso-conica, tenui ; anf'ractibus 5, ultimo rapide

accrescente, magno, superficie undique sericea, paullum nitida

(prmcipiie ad basin in statu juvenili) ; apertura lata, ovali ;

peristomate tenuissimo.

Alt. 13, diam. 21 mm.

Hah, Cradock (/. Farquhar),

A brightly coloured shell, o£ a yellowish or rufous olive,

somewhat depressed, thin, effuse ; surface entirely silky,

shining only in young examples basally. In size approxi-

mating//./wsaWor, M. & P., which is only four-whorled,

with slightly iridescent epidermis, and of a peculiar warm

sepia coloration.

Trachycystis paula^ sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 11.)

T. testa minuta, umbilicata, depresso-globosa, cornea, tenui ; an-

fractibus 4, ventricosis, undique longitudinaliter sparsim lirato-

plicatis, liris irregularibus, rarius arctis, hie illic rugulosis,

obliquis ; apertura rotunda ; peristomate tenui, apud umbilicum

triangulatim reflexo.

Alt. 1, diam. 1*75 mm.

Hah, Johannesburg [J, McBean).

Very small, with narrow but deep umbilicus, depressedly

globose, four-whorled, the plaited lirse being irregular,

obliquely disposed, sometimes wrinkled, and rarely close-set.

A few specimens. It seems comparable with T, somerset-

ensis^ M. & P.J, both of these species being only provisionally

located in the genus Trachycyslis.

Trachycystis rotula, sp. n. (PI. VI. figs. 12, 12 a.)

T. testa minuta, depressa, profundissime umbilicata, cornea, delicata,

tenui, interne circa basin concentrice sulcata ; anfractibus 5-6,

* The opportunity may be taken to mention that further comparison

of Dorcasia inhluzana, M. & P. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1894, vol. xiv.

p. 91, pi. i. fig. 4; 1895, vol. xv. pi. xii. figs. 6, 0«), with Rhytida

Kraussii, Pfr., convinces us they must, if not varieties of each other, be

placed in the same genus,

t d<rdhr)s, from its fragility.

300 Messrs. J. C. Melvill and J. H. Ponsonby on

angustis, ventricosuHs, apud siituras multura impressis, undiqiie

sub lente arctissime lirafcis, liris tenuibus ; apertura lunari, peri-

stomate tenui.

Alt. 75, diam. 1’5 mm.

II ah. Fern Kloof, Grabamstown [J. Farquhar).

Another exceedingly minute species, with deep perspective

umbilicus. With the aid of a lens the whole surface, which

is horny and subpellucid, is seen to be very closely lirato-

striate. There is a single broadish spiral groove present,

running through the centre of the body- whorl, but not quite

extending to the orifice, this being an unusual character, and

one which we have not before met with in any other South-

African Helicoid. A few examples only.

Trachycystis spissicosta sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 13.)

T. testa parva, depresso-globosa, umbilicata, tenui, subpellucida,

cornea ; anfractibus 4, ad suturas multum impressis, apice ipso

Isevi, aliter undique arctissime longitudinaliter tenuiliratis ; aper-

tura rotundo-lunari, peristomate tenuissimo.

Alt. 4, diam. 6*5 mm.

Hah. Near the racecourse, Grahamstown {J. Farquhar) .

A pretty species, of the same alliance as T. hisculpta,

Bens., hathycosle and epetrima^ M. & P., &c., very strongly

costulate, thin, horny, globosely depressed in form, and

narrowly but deeply umbilicate.

? Fliasts sollers'l, sp. n. (PL VI. fig. 14.)

Ph. testa anguste umbilicata, tenui, delicata, pallide straminea,

globoso-conica ; anfractibus 5, apud suturas impressis, undique,

praecipue superne, irregulariter et oblique plicato-liratulis, super-

ficie Omni, praecipue ad basin laevigatam, spiraliter tenuissime

Bub lente sericeo-striata, ultimo ad peripheriam angulato ; aper-

tura late lunari ; peristomate tenui, marginem apud columellarem,

supra umbilicum, triangulatim reflexo.

Alt. 4*5, diam. 7 mm.

Hah. Melmoth, Zululand [Miss Hickey).

A very few examples only have yet been received of a

little Helicoid with a certain resemblance to Phasis capensis^

Pfr., but entirely differing in texture, as seen Ly the above

description. The spiral, silky, close striation is only visible

with a pov/erful lens. We are not quite sure of its right

generic location, but provisionally place it in Phasis.

* Spissus, costa, with close-set ribs,

t Sollers, adroit, expert.

AruuAM(/^.Nal.JIi.si.S.7. Voi.IlX. PI VI.

UNWLHSiTir

Mollusca from South Africa. 101

Euonyma platyacme^ sp. n. (PI. VI. fig. 15.)

E. testa elongata, imperforata, albida, epidermide olivacea contacta,

hand iiitcnte, tenui ; anfractibiis 12, quorum apicales duo obtusi,

claviilati, parvi,'tres su])eriu liis proximi recti, angusti, caeteris

leiiiter accrcscentibus, uiidi(jue irregulariter obli(]uo rudi-plicatis,

ultimo et peiiultimo tore rectis ; apertura ovata ; peristomate

tenuissimo.

Alt. 38, diam. 11 mm. (sp. maj.).

Hah, Kei Road Bush {Miss Ilickei/^ May 1906).

Semi-fossilized specimens, with but scant remains of

epidermis, liave as yet come to hand, and though in the

opinion of tlie discoverer it may be an “extinct species” (Miss

Hickey, in litt.), we consider the evidence of the fragmentary

epidermis militates against this theory. The gradually

increasing whorls, club-shaped apex, and absence of any

umbilical perforation characterize this species, which differs

considerably from any form hitherto known from the South-

African region. We place it in the genus Euonyma^ recently

monographed * by Pilsbiy, who has included in it not only

the original sinistral type {E. loeocochlis ^ M. ^ P.), but like-

wise ^Hulimus^^ turriformis, Krauss, and its allies. Com-

pared with its nearest ally, E. Lanceolata (Pfr.), the propor-

tionate. size of the last whorl is striking. This last species

is, so far as is yet known, confined to Natal.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI .

Fig. 1. Ennea Alicice.

Fig, 2, johanneshurgensis.

Fig. 3. phragma.

Fig. 4. stauroma.

Fig. 5. vullaris.

Fig. 6. xysila.

Fig. Qu. , var. Jiyalina.

Fig. 7. zelota.

Fig. 8. Natalina arguta.

Fig. 9. insignis.

Fig. 10. Helicarion asthenes.

Fig. 11. Trachycystis paula.

Fig. 12. rotula.

Fig. 13. spissicosta.

Fig. 14. ? Fhasis sollers.

Fig. 15. Euonyma platyacme^

* Man. Conch., Pulmonata, vol. p. 38,

102

M iss M. Y. Lebour on

JX. — On I'hree Molhislc-infesting Trematodes. By Marie V.

Lebour^ B.Sc., Armstrong College, Newcastle-upon-

Tyne.

[Plates VII. & VIII.]

Muddy and sandy flats which are left uncovered by the tide

for several hours of the day and are the haunts of numerous

sea-birds are specially good ground for larval Trematodes and

the mollusks and other invertebrates which harbour these

worms. Fenham Flats, the land between Holy Island and

the mainland of Northumberland, is one of these good localities,

and the shore of Loch Byan, at Stranraer, in Galloway, is

another. Numerous Trematodes are to be found in both

places, three of which seem to be specially worthy of attention

and are here described.

The greater part of the flats near Holy Island is uncovered

for several hours each day, but the Mussel Scaup, which lies

to the south -w^est, remains almost completely covered except

at spring-tides. Here the ground is more gravelly and many

mollusks abound. Cockles are fairly numerous, but perhaps

the commonest shell is the little white whelk Purpura

lapiUus^ which preys continually on the mussels and is found

in clusters all over the scaup. It is, however, a very small

form.

The shores of Loch Eyan at Stranraer are chiefly made

up of muddy sand, with large stones strewn about, and the

tide leaves a long stretch of ground uncovered for several

hours each day. The usual common mollusks are found,

Purpura lopillus being particularly large and fine.

Tlie Trematodes to which I should like to draw attention

are all species of Distomum. The first infests the cockle,

Cardium edule, and w^as noticed some time ago in one cockle

out of many examined from Budle Bay, Northumberland,

and was imperfectly described and figured by me North-

umberland Fisheries Eeport^ for 1905, p. 100, pi. ii. fig. 3).

Mr. James Johnstone, of the Liverpool Fisheries Labora-

tory, sent me another specimen of the cockle infested with

this parasite from Yeoman Wharf, Morecambe Bay, and kindly

allows me to use his drawing of the living sporocysts

(PI. YII. A). In October 1906 I again found this Trematode

in a cockle from the Mussel Scaup, Holy Island, and am now

able to describe it more in detail. The visceral mass of the

cockle, which is whitish and unhealthy-looking, is almost

completely riddled with sporocysts, especially wdiere the

103

Mollusk-vifesting Trematodes.

gonad usually is, but tliat organ is quite obliterated. The

liver is more or less infected, in the Holy Island specimen

hardly at all. Each sporocyst is about O'G mm. long and

O’ 15 mm. broad. It is colourless, transparent, and some are

very contractile, assuming all kinds of shapes, while others

are inert and move little. Inside the sporoeysts are small

granules and large opaque round masses from two to twelve

in number, which, on closer examination, are seen to be

encysted cercariae. More or less developed tailed cercari^

are also sometimes to be seen in the S[)orocysts along with

the encysted forms. They are very contractile and are con-

stantly shifting their position inside the sporocyst, the tail

moving incessantly. The cercaria sheds its tail before

encysting, and in several sporoeysts tails were to be seen

moving quickly round the encysted worms when only these

latter were present in the sporoeysts. The free tails were

excessively active. The cyst is about 0’14 mnn across and

is very thin. The enclosed cercaria is seen to be covered

with short spines and has two suckers, both usually visible

when the worm is curled up in the cyst. When pressed out

from the cyst it is about 0*19 mm. long (see PI. VII. B), the

spines covering it are conspicuous and form circular rows

round the anterior sucker and all over the body. The ante-

rior sucker is large (O’OI mm. across), and leads by a short

oesophagus to a thick-lipped pharynx {which, however, often

appears to be continuous with the sucker owing to the con-

tracting of the animal). The pharynx leads to the intestine,

which almost immediately bifurcates into two lobes, reaching

nearly to the posterior end. The small ventral sucker is

slightly posterior to the centre of the body. There is a large

clear excretory sac opening posteriorly, but excretory canals

could not be distinctly made out The tailed cercaria (see

PI. VII. C) is much the same, but the spines had not appeared

in those I saw and the intestine did not branch so soon,

probably because the worm was stretching itself more than

the encysted form. Two ducts each side of the anterior

sucker can be indistinctly seen, probably coming from the

glands which serve for the secretion of the material for the

cyst, as they disappear in the later stages, after the worm

has encysted.. The intestine is very indistinct, owing to the

opacity of the animal, and can only be completely seen by

staining.

The less-developed cercarise in the sporoeysts are small,

granular, oval masses, then a trace of a tail appears, after

that the clear excretory sac is seen, then the anterior sucker,

and later the posterior sucker. The cercaria may be half the

104

Miss M. V. Lebour on

size of the encysted form and possess both suckers, pharynx,

excretory sac, and tail.

It is remarkable that the cercaria sliould possess a tail

W’hen it encysts in tlie sporocyst, as tlie organ must be quite

nseless. The encysting within the sporocyst is not usual,

but Filippi states tliat the Tretnatode wliich he describes as

Cercaria echinatoides encysts in tlie same Paludina in which

it was developed from redia3 without quitting that mollusk,

and it has a tail wliich it throws off before encysting (Ann.

des Sci. Nat. 4® ser., Zool. 1854, p. 255).

The above-mentioned Trematocle from the cockle is not

common — one infested specinnn occurring from Budle Bay

in March 1905 out of two hundred examined, one found

by Mr. James Jolinstone from MorecambeBay in April 1906,

and one out of one hundred examined from Holy Island in

October 1906. In the two first-mentioned specimens found

in March and April no tailed cercaria^ w^ere seen. They were

found only in the cockle from Holy Island . in October.

Possibly examination of many cockles in the summer months

may show us younger stages of the worm.

The second Trematode to be described is from the common

w helk. Purpura lapillus, from Holy Island and also on the

shores of Loch Pyan to the west of Stranraer. Two hundred

and eight specimens from the Mussel Scaup, Holy Island,

w'ere examined in October 1906, and the liver in two of these

was found to be infested by a Trematode. At Stranraer at

the beginning of September 1906 it occurred more abun-

dantly, five specimens out of thirteen containing it. The

liver in healthy specimens of Purpura lapillus is a bright

yellow, but wdien this parasite is present it is a yellowish

white and is full of long and not very active rediae, which are

transparent and colourless, wfith the exception of the sac-like

intestine, which is coloured yellow from granules of food-

material (PI. VIII. B). Each redia is about 1’8 mm. long,

with a conspicuous pharyiix and intestine, and is full of

rather opaque cercarise in various stages of development.

The cercaria (see PI. VHI. A) is tailed, and when full-grown

is about 0*45 mm. in length without its tail, wdiich is about

two thirds the length of tlie body. The head-region is more

transparent than the rest of the body, and is separated from

it by a slight constriction ; the body is coarsely granular and

opaque and is covered (but only in fully developed speeimens)

with blunt spines. Tlie tail is blunt, not so opaque as the

body, and, as usual, comes off at the slightest touch. A large

anterior sucker leads into a short oesophagus, which is often

obscured by contraction, and this leads by a thick-lipped and

105

MoUusk -infest in g Tre rn a todes .

conspicuous pharynx to a narrow intestine bifurcating about

a third of the way down the i)ody, each lobe reaching nearly

to the posterior end. Two clear excretory canals beginning

in the head-region run down the sides of the body, and join

just belbre they reach the clear excretory sac opening

posteriorly. Tiie ventral sucker, which is larger than the

aTiterior, is placed slightly behind the centre of the body,

d’he cercaria is very contractile, and when moving uses its

body more than its tail, shortening and elongating itself

continuall3^

It is an interesting fact that these specially large and fine-

looking Purpura lapillus from Stranraer are much more

frequently infested with this Trematode than the poor under-

sized specimens from Holy Island. One would imagine that

the reason for this is the greater prevalence at Stranraer of

the host in which the adult worm lives, in all probability a

sea-bird.

The third Trematode is not unlike the second, but is some-

what slimmer in build and has a distinct double row of spines

round the head. It occurred in one specimen of the common

limpet, Patella vulgata^ out of sixteen examined from the

shores of Loch Hyan, east of Stranraer, in September 1906,

completely obliterating the gonad and riddling the liver.

The worm occurred as long narrow redige about 1*8 mm. long,

transparent and colourless (see PI. YIII. Dj . A pharynx can

be distinctly seen, but I could make out no enteron in any of

the specimens. Tailed cercarise fill the redige and move about

inside them, contracting and elongating in much the same

way as those from Purpura lapillus. The blunt tail is less

than half the length of the animal (see PI. VIII. C). The

cercaria is about 0*50 mm. long without the tail ; its head is

transparent, surrounded by a collar of two rows of fine spines,

and is eonstricted off slightly from the rest of the body, which

is coarsely granular and opaque, and in fully developed

specimens covered with short blunt spines. A large anterior

sucker leads to a narrow oesophagus, which leads by a small

pharynx to a narrow intestine running down for about two

fifths of the length of the body before it branches into two

lobes nearly reaching to the posterior end. Two very

granular excretory canals begin in the head-region, run down

the sides of the body, and pass into a clear excretory sac

opening posteriorly. A large ventral sucker occurs behind

the centre of the body. This worm seems to be an Echino^

stomum^ and the last species was so like this that one would

expect it to belong to the same subgenus; but no spines were

seen on the head.

106

Mr. W. M. Tattersall on new

I think these tliree larval Trematodes are new to our

fauna ; no other stages in their life-history have yet been

foimd.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate VII.

Trematocle from Carclium edule.

A. Sporocysts enclosino- cercarise.

IL Cercaria pressed out of cyst.

C. Tailed cercaria.

Plate VIII.

A & B. Trematode from Fw'imra lapillus.

A. Cercaria.

B. Bedia enclosing cercarioe.

C & D. Trematode from Pattella vuUjata,

C. Cercaria.

D. Redia enclosing cercariae.

X. — PreUminary Diagnoses of Six new Mysidse from the

West Coast of Ireland. By W. M. Tattersall, B.Sc.,

Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction,

Fisheries Branch, Dublin.

The six new forms, of which preliminary descriptions are

now offered, were captured off the southern part of the west

coast of Ireland in depths ranging from 465 to 800 fathoms,

by the S.S. ^ Helga,'’ the fishery cruiser of the Department

of Agriculture for Ireland. These depths have been but

rarely reached by the bottom-fishing apparatus of the ^ Helga,^

and the fact that thus early in their exploration six new

species of Mysidse have been brought to light suggests the

existence of a fauna rich in undescribed forms.

All six species belong to the subfamily Leptomysince * of

the Alysidse. Two are types of new and interesting genera,

while the other four belong to two recently defined deep-

water genera characterized by the imperfectly developed eyes

possibly modified for tactile functions.

Genus Metamblyops, nov.

Characters generally as in Amblyops, G. O. Sars, except : —

Carapace produced in front into a well-developed, rather

long and acute rostrum.

I cannot agree with Norman’s recent proposal to raise his sub-

families to family rank (c/i Norman and Scott, ‘ Crustacea of Devon and

Cornwall,’ London, 1906y

‘-IBHAfty

UNIVEfisiVonu

Ah„. .V Ma.</. A,il. \ 7. r»/. A7,V. /'/. 17/,

Ana. <S)‘ M(((f. Aa/. Ilisf. A. 7- \ ol. XL\. /*l. 17//.

0^

JUNIYEKSITY oi ILUNOib

107

^lyslclai from the West Coast of Ireland.

Eyes well developed, normal in appearance and structure,

pigment light reddish brown.

Telson entire, lauciforni in shape, its margin armed with

more or fewer spines, median setae absent.

Inner uropod with a few spines on its inner margin in the

region of the otocyst.

Female with only two pairs of incubatory lamellae.

Type species, MetamhJyops oculata.

The genus Chalcophthalmiis, lllig, 1906, would appear to

be rather closely allied to the present one, but judging from

lllig’s figures Metamblyops is a more compact and robust

form, the carapace covers all the thoracic segments, the eye

is much larger and its papilla quite minute, and the antennal

scale comparatively much longer. The chief distinction lies

in the structure of the first thoracic limbs, which in Chalco-

phthaimus are described as being devoid of endopods, while

in M eiamhlyops both endopod and exopod are fully and

normally developed.

Metamblyops oculata ^ sp. n.

Carapace covering all the thoracic segments ; produced in

front into a slightly upturned, acute rostrum reaching as far

as, or a little beyond, the eyes, and partially covering the

eye-stalks ; terminal angle about 60°, its apex produced into

a short acute point; evenly rounded at the antero-lateral

corners and slightly emarginate behind.

Pleon longer than carapace ; the first segment one and a

half times as long as the second, which is subequal to the

third and fourth ; fifth segment slightly longer than the

fourth ; sixth segment twice as long as the fifth.

Eyes large, well developed and normal in structure ; ex-

tending to the distal margin of the first joint of the anten-

nular peduncle ; pigmented portion equal in width to the

last pleon-segment, a minute papilla on the inner distal part

of the peduncle where it joins the cornea ; visual elements

well developed ; pigment light reddish brown.

Antennular peduncle about twice as long as the eye; third

joint a little shorter, but considerably stouter than the first

and more robust in the male than in the female ; second

joint small ; male appendage well developed and densely

hirsute, but otherwise of normal appearance.

Antennal peduncle short, not extending beyond the distal

end of the second joint of the antennular peduncle and com-

posed of three subequal quadrangular joints.

Antennal scale about one-third as long again as the anten-^

108

Mr. W. M. Tattersall on neio

imlar peduncle and twice as long as the antennal ; about

three and a half times as long as broad ; outer margin entire

and terminating in a strong spine, beyond which tlie apex of

tlie scale is not produced ; spine on the outer distal margin

ot‘ the basal joint quite short

Mouth-parts not exhibiting any striking points of difference

from those of Amhhjops ahbreviatci, except that the second

joint of the mandibular l)alp is considerably broader.

First thoracic limb with the endopod almost exactly as in

Amblyups abbreviata.

Second thoracic limb with the endopod of the same form as

in A. abbreviata, but comparatively much longer ; twice as

long as that of the first thoracic limb and longer than its

own exopod.

Remaining thoracic limbs rather long and slender, with

the tarsus longer than the merus and composed of three

joints, the third joint longer than the second ; dactylus well

developed.

Eocopods of all thoracic limbs having the basal joint

lamelliform with a small spine at the outer distal corner ;

flagelliform part composed of nine to ten joints.

Incubatory lamellce of the female, two pairs.

Pleopods in the male agreeing essentially with those of the

males of the genus Amblyops.

Telson not quite so long as the last segment of the pleon

and twice as long as broad at its base, where the margins are

slightly expanded ; entire and lanciform in shape, tapering

distally to a narrowly rounded apex j the distal two thirds of

its margins armed with from twenty-eight to thirty-two

spines increasing in length towards the apex ; terminal spine

about one sixteenth of the length of the telson ; median

setae absent from the apex.

Uropods slender : inner, about one and a half times as long

as the telson, with six spines on its internal margin in the

region of the otocyst ; outer, about twice the length of the

telson.

Length of the largest female 16 mm., of the largest male

15 mm. Female with about twenty young in the mar-

su})ium.

Locality. Fourteen females and thirteen males from

S.R. 352, 92 miles S.W. by W. of Bull Rock, Co. Kerry,

lat. 50° N., long. 11° 40' W., 800 fath., August 1906,

Petersen trawl at 750-800 fath.

The external appearance of this species with its large well-

developed eyes and long acute rostrum at first suggests a

species of Boreomysis-, such as B. arctica, but the details of

109

Mjsidse from the West Coast of Ireland.

tlie various appcndaf^es, the number of incubatory lamellae

in the female, and the form of the telson and uropods clearly

indicate its position in the Leptomysime, among the numerous

genera of which Amblyops seems to be its nearest relative.

The characters of the rostrum, eye, antennal scale, and telson

combined abundantly distinguish it from all other genera in

the subfamily.

Genus Dactylerythrops, Holt & Tattersall, 1905.

Non Dactylerythrops, Illig, 1906.

This genus when first described was compared with

Meterijthrops, S. I. Smith. The discovery of two further

species and of the closely allied genus Dactylamblyops,

H. & T., indicates that it is perhaps more nearly related to

the genus Amblyops, G. 0. Sars, and it may thus be more

accurately redefined in the light of this new material as

follows : — Characters generally as in the genus Amblyops,

G. O. Sars, except : —

Eyes small ; not exhibiting any definite eye- stalk, but

joined at their bases by a membranous integument ; visual

elements imperfectly developed, not reaching to the surface

of the eye, but rather deeply seated in its tissues ; outer

distal corner produced into a rather long digitiform flexible

process.

Telson entire, rather small, subtriangular or lanceolate in

shape, lateral margins armed distally with more or fewer

spines, median apical pair of setae present or absent.

Incubatory lamellce in the female, two pairs.

Type species, Dactylerythrops dactylops^ H. & T.

Dactylerythrops arcuata, Illig, should more properly be

referred to the genus Dactylamblyops.

Dactylerythrops bidigitata, sp. n.

Carapace covering all the thoracic segments ; cervical

sulcus well marked ; produced in front into a broadly

rounded obtuse rostrum which reaches to about the centre of

the eyes; antero-lateral corners rounded ; emarginate on its

posterior border.

Pleon longer than the carapace ; the first segment one and

a half times as long as the second, which is subequal to the

third and fourth; fifth segment slightly longer than the

fourth, sixth segment twice as long as the fifth.

E?jes small with their basal parts covered by the rostrum ;

as far as can be seen, joined to each other at the base by a

no

Mr. W. M. Tattersall on new

membranous integument such as is described for D. dactijlops ;

the outer distal corner produced into a rather long digitate

and flexible process ; a shorter and firmer process on the

inner and upper face of the eye, which a raised ridge connects

to the main parts of the eye, so that the whole organ is tri-

angular in cross-section and not flat ; visual elements much

more numerous than in D. dactylops, confined to a triangular

area on the outer part of the eye at the base of the outer

process; pigment confined to the visual elements, pale

purplish pink in freshly preserved specimens.

Antennular peduncle rather short, with the third joint a

little longer and very much stouter than the first and more

swollen in the male than in the female ; second joint small ;

male appendage well developed, but only slightly hirsute, as

the specimen is still immature.

Antennal peduncle shorter than the antennular and having

the second joint slightly larger than the subequal first and

third joints.

Antennal scale almost twice the length of the antennular

peduncle ; about four to four and a half times as long as

broad ; outer margin entire and ending in a strong spine,

beyond which the apex of the scale is not produced ; no

spine on the basal joint.

Mouth-parts fundamentally as in the genus Amblyops.

First and secojid thoracic likewise agreeing with those

of the genus Amblyops, except that the second limb is com-

paratively longer.

Remaining thoracic limbs broken away.

Exopods of all the thoracic limbs with the outer distal

corner of the basal joint slightly acuminate ; flagelliform

part well developed and composed of about seventeen joints.

Incubatory lamellce of the female, two pairs.

Pleopods in the only male, which is immature, have the

inner branch of the first pair already more developed than in

D. dactylops and armed with many more setae ; otherwise

they conform to the Amblyops type.

Telson comparatively short ; about two thirds (slightly

less) of the length of the last segment of the pleon ; sub-

triangular in shape ; one and a half times as long as broad

at its base; margins tapering evenly to a bluntly rounded

apex ; the distal third of its margins armed on each side

with ten rather stout spines increasing slightly in length

towards the apex ; a pair of median plumose setae situated

at the apex between the terminal spines of the margins.

Uropods moderately slender : inner, one and two-thirds of

Ill

Mysldfe/rom the West Coast of Ireland.

tlie length of the telson, apparently without spines on its

inner margin ; outer, twiee the length of the telson.

Length of a mature female 16 mm., of an immature

female 14 mm., and of an immature male 15 mm.

Locality. Two females and one male from S.R. 352, 92

miles S.W. by W. of Bull Rock, Co. Kerry, lat. 50° 22' N.,

long. 11° 40' W., 800 fath., August 1906, Petersen trawl at

750-800 fath.

This species while obviously congeneric with D. dactylops

is abundantly distinguished from it by the better developed

rostrum, the two processes of the eye, the longer antennal

scale, and the greater number of spines arming the margins

of the telson.

Dactylerythrops gracilura, sp. n.

Carapace covering all the thoracic segments ; broadly and

evenly rounded in front, without any trace of a rostral

projection ; antero-lateral corners rounded ; emarginate on

its posterior border.

Pleon a little longer than the carapace ; first segment a

little shorter than the second, which is subequal to tlie third

and fourth ; fifth segment slightly longer than the fourth ;

sixth segment one and a half times as long as the fifth.

Eyes very small, almost entirely covered by the carapace ;

very thin and membranous ; united at their bases by a

membranous integument ; outer distal corners produced into

a very acute fairly long flexible process ; a shorter and less

acute process on the inner corner ; visual elements very

imperfectly developed, confined to a small deeply-seated mass

at the base of the outer process ; no pigment observed in

preserved specimens.

Antennular peduncle rather short ; about half as long as

the antennal scale ; basal joint flattened and broader than

the other two ; second joint small ; third joint the longest,

moderately stoutly built, produced ventrally betw^een the

bases of the two flagella into a short process armed with

about six strong setae ; the whole appendage in lateral view

appears curiously contorted.

Antennal peduncle slightly shorter than the antennular

peduncle and likewise slightly contorted in lateral view ;

rather stout ; second joint the largest.

Antennal scale almost twice as long as the antennular

peduncle ; from two and a half to three times as long as

broad ; outer margin entire, terminating in a strong spine,

beyond which the apex of the scale is produced for a length

112

Mr. W. M. Tattersall on new

equal to about one-eighth of the total length of the scale ;

no spine on the basal joint.

Mouth-parts and first and second thoracic limbs not differing

in any important point from those of the last species.

Remaining thoracic limbs with the tarsus equal to the merus,

three-jointed, the first joint the longest ; nail well developed,

but shorter than the last joint of the tarsus.

Exopods of all the thoracic limbs with the outer distal

corner of the basal joint slightly acuminate ; flagelliform

part of ten joints.

Incubatory lamellcE of the female, two pairs.

Telson diverging somewhat from the type met with in

D. dactylops and D. bidigitata, and shaped almost exactly as

in the genus Meterythrops ) equal in length to the last seg-

ment of the pleon and twice as long as broad at its base

where the margins are somewhat inflated ; margins rapidly

converging to a very narrow truncate apex armed with two

spines set close together and equal in length to one twelfth

of the length of the telson; median setge absent from the

apex ; distal half of the lateral margins armed with about

nineteen short spines.

Uropods slender : inner, about one and a half times as

long as the telson, without spines on its inner ventral margin ;

outer, nearly twice as long as the telson.

Length of a mature female 15 mm.

Locality. Four females from S.F. 352, 92 miles S.W. by

W. of Bull Rock, Co. Kerry, lat. 50° 22' N., long. 11° 40'

W., 800 fath., August 1906, Petersen trawl at 750-800 fath.

This form diverges somewhat from the other two species

of the genus in the shape of the telson, which in its narrowly

lanceolate form and want of apical setm approaches that of

members of the next genus. The eyes, however, conform to

the general type of Dactylerythrops , and to that genus the

species is provisionally referred. The eyes are rather remark-

able and enable the species to be readily distinguished ;

they are almost entirely covered by the carapace, only the

two digitate processes projecting beyond the latter.

Genus Dactylamblyops, Holt & Tattersall, 1906.

Syn. Dactylerythrops, Ulig, 1906.

This genus is undeniably very closely allied to the pre-

ceding one, but may be dislinguished by the following

characters : —

Eye small, with distinct and definite eye-stalks; more or

less pyriform in shape ; visual elements, though imperfectly

113

J\rysl Jix} //’om the West Coast of Ireland.

formed, arc better developed and more numerous than in

Dactylenjthrops, reaching to tlie surface of the eye and

probably directly functional as organs of sight; outer distal

corner rounded and not produced into a digitiform process ;

a short process ahvays present on the inner and upper surface.

Type species, llactijlamhhjops Hodysoni, H. & T.

The type ami the two new species described below appear

to form a natural group chiefly distinguished from the

genus Dactijlerythrops by the above points, and in the present

state of our knowledge of the group this generic division

may well be allowed to stand.

Dactylerytkrops arcuata, Illig, should be referred to this

genus, and is, in fact, synonymous with the type species,

D. Hodgsoni.

Dactylamhlyops thaumatopSy sp. n.

Carapace covering all the thoracic segments except the

la'it ; produced in front into a short, broadly rounded,

obtuse rostrum, which extends to the distal end of the first

joint of the antennular peduncle and partially covers the

eye-stalks ; evenly rounded at the antero-lateral corners and

emarginate behind ; cervical sulcus well marked.

Pleon longer than the carapace ; the first segment a little

longer than the second, which is subequal to the third,

fourth, and fifth; sixth segment twice as long as the fifth.

Eyes small, extending forwards to the distal end of the

second joint of the antennular peduncle ; pyriform in shape,

with distinct eye-stalks ; each eye with a short digitiform

process on the inner and upper face ; a broad membranous

ledge projecting at right angles to the surface of the cornea

starts at the outer lateral part of the eye-stalk and runs

equatorially round the outer part of the eye, terminating

just ventral to the digitiform process and dividing the cornea

into a dorsal and ventral portion ; the ledge is broadest

about the centre of the cornea and narrows off at either end ;

visual elements imperfectly developed, numerous, reaching to

the surface of the eye; pigment pale purplish pink.

Antennular peduncle about twice as long as the eye and

three quarters of the length of the antennal scale; third

joint slightly longer than the first; second joint small.

Antennal peduncle about half as long as the scale ; the

three joints roughly subequal in length.

Antennal scale about one third as long again as the

antennular peduncle and twice as long as the antennal ;

about four times as long as broad ; outer margin entire and

A7in. cb Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. VoL xix. 8

114

]\rr. W. M. Tattersall on new

terminating in a spine^ beyond which the a])cx of the scale is

not produced ; spine on the outer distal corner of the basal

joint obsolete.

Mouth-parts and first and second thoracic limbs not differing

in any striking way from those of the type species.

Remaining thoracic limbs missing.

Exopods of all the thoracie limbs with the outer distal

corner of the basal joint slightly acuminate and the fiagelli-

form part composed of ten joints.

Incubatory lamellce of the female, two pairs.

Telson not quite so long as the last segment of the pleon

and once and two thirds as long and broad at its base, where

the margins are somewhat expanded; entire and laneiform

in shape, tapering distally to a narrowly rounded apex ;

distal two thirds of its margins armed with about twenty-four

short spines, increasing in length towards the apex ; median

apical setae absent.

Uropods moderately slender : inner, about one and a half

times as long as the telson, otoeyst rather large, with appa-

rently no spines on its inner margin ; outer, broken in both

specimens.

Length of both specimens (immature females) 11 mm.

Locality. Two immature females from S.li. 352, 92 miles

S.W. of Bull Rock, Co. Kerry, lat. 50° 22' N., long. 11°40'W.,

800 fath., August 1906, Petersen trawl at 750-800 fath.

This species is readily distinguished by the remarkable

structure of the eye, which is one of the most wonderful

among the many varied forms met with in Schizopoda. The

exact function of the external membranous Pdge is not quite

clear. In other characters the species is rather closely allied

to the type.

Dactylamblyops goniops, sp. n.

Carapace covering all the thoracic segments except the

last, which is fully exposed ; evenly rounded in front and

not produced into a rostral projection ; antero-lateral corners

rounded; emarginate behind; cervical sulcus well marked.

Pleon longer than the carapace, first segment slightly

longer than the second, which is subequal to the third,

fourth, and fifth ; sixth segment rather long, two and a half

times as long as the fifth.

Eyes a little larger than in the last species, set close

together and rather subquadrangular than pyriform in dorsal

outline; the digitiform process on the inner and upper face

more slender and a little longer than iu either the type or

115

MjsIJaj from the West Coast of Ireland.

the last species ; visual elements imperfectly developed,

numerous; pigment pale purplish pink.

Antennular peduncle in the female extending sliglitly more

than halfway up the scale, third joint rat’ier shorter and

not wider than the first; in the male relatively a little

longer, with the third joint slightly longer and more robust

than in the female ; male process well developed and hirsute.

Antennal peduncle only slightly shorter than the an-

tennular; third joint the longest and most robust.

Antennal scale extending for rather less than half its

length beyond the antennular peduncle; about three times

as long as broad ; outer margin slightly sinuate and ter-

minating in a very strong spine which projects for its entire

length beyond the apex of the scale ; outer distal corner of

the basal joint prolonged into a long acute spine.

Telson about three quarters of the length of the last

segment of the pleon and slightly less than twice as long as

broad at its base; entire and lanciform in shape, tapering

distally to a narrowly rounded apex; the distal two thirds of

its margin armed with about eighteen long slender spines,

increasing in length towards the apex ; the terminal spines

about one seventh of the total length of the telson ; a single

very slender median spine at the apex between the terminal

spines of the margins ; median setce absent.

Uropods slender : inner, only a little longer than the telson

plus the terminal spines and with four long spines on its

ventral inner margin in the region of the otocyst ; outer,

about one and a half times as long as the telson.

Length of an adult and mature male and female, 10 mm.

The third to the eighth thoracic limbs are broken off in

both specimens. The first and second thoracic limbs and

the mouth-parts, as well as the male pleopods, are in sub-

stantial agreement with the same parts in both the type and

the foregoing species, except that the last joint of the

mandibnlar palp is sliorter and somewhat more robust.

Locality, An adult male and female from S.R. 359,

56 miles W. by N. of Tearaght, Co. Kerry, 465-492 fath.,

August 1906, tow-net on trawl.

Tliis species is at once distinguished from its congeners by

the characters of the eye, antennal scale, telson, and inner

uropods. The sixth pleon-segment is also relatively longer

than in either of the other two species. The antennal scale

resembles rather closely that figured for Paramblyops ros~

trata, H. & T., 1905.

8*

11(5

Mr. W. M, Tattersall on new

Genus Batiiymysis^ nov.

Carapace evenly rounded in front, without any traee of

rostral i)rojection.

Eyes set close together, apparently without definite eye-

stalks, somewhat flattened and sub'quadrangular in shape ;

visual elements imperfeetly developed and unpigmented in

preserved specimens.

Antennal scale shortly lanceolate in shape, setose all round.

Mouth-organs and first and second thoracic limbs as

deseribed by Sars for the genus Leptomysis^ except that the

terminal joint of the palp of the seeond maxilla is expanded

at its apex and armed with numerous short stout spines, the

whole appendage being generally as figured by Sars for

Schistomysis spiritus.

Tarsus of the remaining thoraeie limbs four-jointed ; nail

long and slender.

Telson fairly long ; very deeply cleft, the cleft serrated ;

lateral margins armed throughout their length with spines.

Inner uropod with a row of spines all along its inner

margin.

Pleopods in the male exactly as for the genus Leptomysis.

Type species, Bathymysis Helgce.

In the general structure of the appendages of the thorax

(with the exception of the second maxillse), and especially of

the pleopods of the male, this genus agrees almost exactly

with Leptomysis, G. O. Sars. The chief points of difference

are to be found in the second maxillie, telson, and eyes.

The first two of these structures are interesting as exhibiting

a form met with in many of the genera of the subfamily

Mysince, while the eyes appear to have undergone speeializa-

tion and reduction along lines very similar to Amhlyops^ the

eyes of which they strongly recall, though rather smaller in

size. Bathymysis also bears considerable resemblance to the

genus Pseudomysis, G. O. Sars, but the greatly different

form of the telson at once distinguishes it.

Bathymysis Helgce, sj). n.

Carapace coveiing all the thoracic segments; evenly

rounded in front and at the antero-lateral corners ; without

trace of rostral projection.

Pleon longer than the carapace ; the first segment equal in

length to the fifth and slightly longer than the subequal

117

Myskla'/row2 the West Coast of Ireland.

second, third, and fourth segments ; sixth one and a half

times as long as the liftli.

Eyes strongly recalling those of Amblyops, rather small,

somewhat flattened and SLd)quadrangular in shape, not

reaching to the distal end of the first joint of the antennular

peduncle ; apparently without definite peduncles ; set very

close together; visual elements imperfeetly developed and

without pigment in preserved specimens.

Antennular peduncle a little shorter than the telson, mode-

rately stout, third joint equal in length to the basal two

combined ; male appendage well developed and densely

hirsute.

Antennal peduncle a little shorter than the antennular,

slender, the second joint one and a half times as long as the

third.

Antennal scale equal in length to the telson and a little

longer than the antennular peduncle ; about four and a half

times as long as broad ; shortly lanceolate or oval in shape ;

setose all round ; spine on basal joint almost obsolete.

Mouth-parts and thoracic limbs as described above in the

generic definition. The exopods have the outer corner of the

basal joint rounded and the flagelliform part composed of

twelve joints.

Pleopods of the male as described for Leptomysis. The

fourth pair have the outer ramus longer than the inner;

the last three joints are devoid of setm ; the antepenulti-

mate joint carries a single long and powerful plumose or

barbed spine; a similar but much shorter spine is found on

the penultimate joint, while the terminal joint has two of

these long barbed spines.

Telson a little longer than the last segment of the pleon

and twice as long as broad at its base ; narrowing slightly

towards the apex, where its breadth is equal to one third of

the total length ; cleft very deep and fairly wide, extending

for one third of the total length ; the apical lobe on each

side of the cleft bluntly rounded at its tip ; cleft serrated,

with about thirty spines on each side ; lateral margins armed

throughout their entire length with about forty spines,

which increase slightly in length towards the apex, but there

is no single outstanding long spine at the apex of each lobe

as seen in species of Mysis and Schistomysis.

Uropods broken in the specimen ; inner one with a row of

spines all along its inner ventral margin, thirty-four being

counted on that part of the uropod wdiich remained and

which extended a little beyond the apex of the telson.

1J8

Mr. 0. Thomas on new

Length of the only specimen (a mature male) 15 mm.

J.ocaiity. S.ll. 36T N., lon^. ] 29' W., to

lat. 51° 25' N., long. 11° 3G' W., 620-G95 fath., August

1906, fine iict on trawl.

Two species new to the British and Irish list may also

here he noticed, Hansenomysis Fyllce (Hansen) and Erythrops

microphthalma, G. O. Sars, having been taken in 400-800

fathoms off the coast of Kerry, in August 190G.

List of Authorities quoted.

Holt & Tattklsall, (1905). — “ Scliizopoda from the North-east

Atlantic Slope. ’ Fisheries, Iieland, Sc. Invest, iv. 1902-3.

Holt A Tatteesall, (1906). — “ Iheliiuinary Notice of the Schizopoda

collected by IJ.M.S. ‘ Discovery’ in the Antarctic Region.” Ann.

& Mag, Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xvii.

Illig, (1906).— “ Bericht u. die neiien Schizopoden-Gattung iind

Arten der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition 1898-1899.” Zoologischen

Anzeiger, Bd. xxx. No. 7.

Saes, (1870-9). — “ Carcin. Bidrag t. Norg. Fauna.” Monog. o. Mysider.

AI. — On further new Mammals obtained by the LUiwenzori

Expedition. By Oldfield Thomas.

Sylviscrex Granti^ sp. n.

A medium-sized species, with tail about equal to the head

and body.

Size much less than in the other Buwenzori specks,

S. lunaris.^ about the same as in the Nyasan S. sorella^.

Fur very long ; hairs of back over 7 mm. in length. General

colour dark slaty grey above, little paler below, but as the

only specimen is in spirit, the tones cannot be described with

accuracy. Hands and feet pale brown, the digits rather

lighter. Tail almost as long as the head and body, finely

haired, brown above, rather paler below.

Skull short, broad, and rounded, not unlike that of S. sorella,

but with a broader flatter brain-case and an even shorter

muzzle. Teeth practically as in S. sorella, the second and

third upper unicuspids rather more nearly subequal.

Dimensions of the type (a spirit-specimen) : —

Head and body 55 mm.; tail 54; hind foot 13T.

Skull : condyio-basal length 17 ; breadth across palate 5*3 ;

* P. Z. S. 1897, p. 930.

1L9

Mammals from Ruwenzori.

breadth across bralii-case 8'0 ; front of to back of wd 0*4 ;

length of lower tooth-row 7.

Uah. lluweiizori East. Alt. 10,000'.

Tt/pe. Adult male in spirit. B.M. no. 6. 12. 4. 85. Col-

lected Olli April, 190G, by E. Dent.

This species is of the intermediate size found in S. sorella,

beiiif^ markedly smaller than S. Innaris and morio^ ami

equally larger than the pigmy S. Johnstoni. b^’om S. sorella

it is at once distinguished by Its far shorter tail.

I have had much pleasure In naming this distinct mountain-

sbrew in honour of my colleague Mi-. W. 11. Ogilvie-Grant,

to whose exertions as originator and manager science Is

indebted for the remarkable results obtained by the lluwenzori

Expedition of Mr. Woosnam and his companions. No less

than twenty new species and subspecies have now been

described from their collections, and the specimens registered

in the Museum collection amount to over three hundred.

Mangos^ gracilis proteus^ subsp. n.

A very variable form, usually strongly affected by

melanism.

In the single wholly non-melanistic specimen the colour

throughout, of body, limbs, and tail (apart from the black

terminal pencil), is grizzled tawny ochraceous, darkened on

the posterior back, the upper surface of the hands and feet

terminally rich rufous. 4h*om this there is a complete series

of intergradations to one in which the body is blackish bistre,

the tail even darker, practically black throughout, and the

feet deep glossy black. The type is an intermediate speci-

men, its general colour mummy- brown, but its feet and tail

wholly blackish.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) : —

Head and body 806 mm. ; tail 260 ; hind foot 59 ; ear 25.

Skull: condylo-basal length 61.

Ilah. iiuwenzori East. Alt. 7000^ (ranging from 5000').

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 6. 12. 4. 35. Original

number 115. Collected 13th March, 1906, by R. E. Dent.

This remarkably variable mungoose forms a parallel to the

Alpine squirrels, which are commonly affected by melanism

in a similar way. Possibly something of the same sort occurs

in Abyssinia, where the dark mutgigella” has been con-

sideied to be the same species as the true gracilis. Elsewhere

^ Mungos, E. Geoff. & G. Ciiv. Mag. Encycl. ii. pp. 184-187 (1795).

Herpestes, 111. Prodr. Syst., Mamin, p. 135 (1811).

Cf. Palmer, Index Gen. Mamm. 1904.

120 Mr. 0. Thomas on new

in Africa forms of the gracilis group are very constant in

colour.

No members of this group^ liglit or dark, liavc been

described from the Lake region of Central Africa.

Crossarchus fasciatus macrurus, subsp. n.

Size larger than in irne fasciatus and tail markedly longer.

Colour quite as in Zululand specimens of fasciatus^ the

general tone similarly deep and rich, and the shoulders equally

shaggy haired and suffused with fulvous (not clear grey).

Hands and feet nearly wholly deep glossy black.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) : —

Head and body 378 mm. ; tail 250 ; hind foot 70 ; ear 2G.

Skull : condylo-basal length 71 ; basal length G7 ; zygo*

inatic breadth 38*5 ; median length of nasals 12*5 ; palatal

length 38 ; greatest diameter of 6.

llah. Kuwenzori South-east. Alt. 3400'.

Type. Male, adult but not old. B.M. no. 6. 12. 4. 20.

Original number 133. Collected 30th April, 1906, by It. E.

Dent. A second specimen (no. 671), collected the same day

by E. B. Woosnam.

Two examples of fasciatus^ collected in Zululand by

C. H. B. Grant, measure — head and body 333 and 335 mrn.,

tails 207 and 209 mm. respectively. No. 671 of macrurus

measures — head and body 380, tail 270 mm. There is

evidently, therefore, so material a difference in size and in

length of tail between the Iluvvenzori form and the South-

African that subspecific distinction is necessary, in spite of

the close resemblance in other characters.

Sciurus rufohracJiiatus semlikiiy subsp. n.

Most closely allied to 8. r. nyansce, Neum.*, with which it

agrees in the extent of the rufous on the limbs, but distin-

guished by the speckling of the back being very much finer

and by its greyer general colour. In nyansce there is a strong

suffusion of buffy or fulvous in the dorsal colour, the rings of

the longer hairs and the ends of the wool-hairs being markedly

tinged with buffy ; in semlilciij on the other hand, the former

are almost white and the latter are dull greyish buffy. As a

result the general tone of semlikii is a nearly pure dark grey,

between grey no. 6 and “smoke-grey"’^ of liidgway, the

middle line of the back only with slight yellowish suffusion.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) : —

Head and body 225 mm. ; tail 251 ; hind foot 49; ear 16.

* SB. Ges. mit. Fr. Berl. 1002, p. 56.

121

Mammals from Ihiwenzori.

llah. Beni, Scmliki Biver. Alt. 3000'.

Tt/pe. Adult male. B.M. uo. G. 12. 4. 64. Original

number 153. Colleclecl 22nd July, 1906, by E. E. Dent.

Jdiis handsome squirrel is no doubt nearly allied to

8. r. iiyanso?^ but in the very hue speckling of the body and

its greyer colour shows a relationship to the form found in

the Gaboon, to which the name of 8. r. Auhryi, M .-Edw.'*, is

applicable. The latter, however, has not the richly rufous

feet characteristic of both the Central- African subspecies.

It may be noted that the Euwenzori squirrel described by

Schwann as a subspecies of 8, rvfohrachiatus t proves, on the

arrival of a good series, to be a quite distinct species, charac-

terized not only by its greenish olivaceous colours, the absence

of red on the limbs, and its white ventral line, but by its

possession of two upper premolars, 8. rufohrachiatus having

only one. It should therefore stand as L. rincenzorii.

Tth\MNOMYS, gen. nov. [Mnrince).

Type X TJi. venustus, sp. n.

In pointing out recently the advisability of generically

distinguishing Micromys from § on account of its posses-

sion of the or postero-iriternal cusp on its first and

second upper molars, I mentioned that two African species,

hitherto assigned to Mus — M. arhorarius and rutilans —

possessed the same character ; and I now take this occasion

to separate them and their allies also from the parent genus,

which greatly needs reducing. From Micromys^ which is

entirely Palcearctic, they may be distinguished by being-

free- or bush-, instead of terrestrial miee, and by having

therefore the usual pencilled tail found in such forms.

The genus Thamnomys divides into two sections — the one

consisting of Peterses Mus rutilans and the new Euwenzori

species Th. venustus^ which I propose to take as type of

the genus; and (2) the less strongly marked group containing

Mus dolichurus^ Smuts, il/. arhorarius ^ Peters, and their

allies.

* Sciurus Auhryi, M.-Edw. Rev. Zool. xix. 228 (1867). Stated by

Jentink and Trouessart to be based on a young specimen of the S. rufo-

brachiatus group. Collected by xYubry Le Conte in the Gaboon.

t Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiii. p. 71 (1904).

t Th. venustus is selected as the type in order to avoid any possible

complication which might arise should our examples of 3Ius rutilans,

Peters, prove to be wrongly determined. This course is the more advis-

able as Peters says of rutilans, “ Backzahne von gewohnlichen Propor-

tionen,” as though there were nothing special about the dentition.

§ Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xv. p. 492 (1905). See also op. cit. (7)

xvii. p. 85 (1906).

122

Mr. O. Thomas on new

While tlie first of tliese groups unquestionably deserves

distinction from Mus, the second is more or less intermediate

in its tooth-characters; but since it shows a distinct tendency

to the true Tharnnomys type of teeth, and has absolutely the

same cxterrial characteristics, 1 think it advisable to refer it

to the new genus rather than to leave it in Mas,

In the typical venustus-rutilans group all the supplementary

cusps of the teeth are highly develoj)ed, and the x cusp in

particular is a distinct separate cusp almost equalling in size

the other internal cusps in front of it, and there are con-

sequently nine well-marked cusps along the inner side of the

upper tooth-row.

On the other hand, in the dolicharus group the x cusp is

but little developed, and in fact is usually represented by a

mere ridge running backwards from the hinder edge of the

second internal cusp of and nt^ and joining the inner side

of the median cusp of the hinder lamina of each tooth.

In the lower jaw the postero-external supplementary cusp

of mi is decidedly larger than in Mas, nearly as large in area

and at least half as high as the main posterior cusp against

which it lies.

Externally, as already noted, the mice of the genus

Tharnnomys are characterized by their terminally pencilled

tails, in the same way as the analogous forms Rh’pidomys

and (Ecomys in S. America. The feet are similarly modified

for climbing, with broad rounded sole-pads, and the fifth

hind toe readies nearly to the end of the second phalanx of

the fourth, and is therefore nearly as long as the second.

Tharnnomys venustus, sp. n.

Allied to Th. rutilans, Peters, but larger and with much

longer fur.

h'ur of back about 15 mm. in length. General colour

above dark rufous (in spirit), a brighter line along the sides ;

belly white, with a faint huffy suffusion, the basal halves of

the hairs slaty. Ears dull greyish. Upper surface of feet

buff, becoming whiter on the toes. Tail long, pencilled ter-

minally, uniformly dark brown, as in Th. rutilans. Mamnue

0—2 = 4.

Skull decidedly larger than in Th. rutilans ; muzzle long,

parallel-sided ; interorbital region narrow, the edges not so

widely expanded as in rutilans ; palatine foramina long, not

expanded mesially, reaching back to the level of the front of

ni^ ; bullae rather larger than in rutilans. Molars large,

heavy, the series markedly larger than in rutilans.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen) : —

Head and body 125 mm.; tail 181 ; hind foot 25 ; ear 18.

123

Mammals from Buwenzori.

Skull : gToatcst kuigtli 34*5 ; basilar length 28 ; greatest

breadth 17'2; nasals 12‘5 ; interorbital bia adth 4'9 ; breadth

of bi.ain-ease 14*3; ))ahitilar length 15; diastema 9‘4 ;

palatal foramina 8‘2 ; length of upper molar series G*l.

JIah. lluwenzori East. Alt. 7000'.

Type. Adult female in alcohol. lEM. no. 6. 12. 4. lOG.

Oiig'inal number G15. Collected by K. B. Woosnam.

Unfortunately only one specimen of this fine species was

obtained by the expedition, and that was preserved in spirit.

However, its longer skull, larger teeth, longer fur, and the

slaty mixture of its belly-colour will readily distinguish it

from Th. rutilanSj to which alone it is nearly allied.

Thamnomys dryas, sp. n.

A member of the Th, dolichuriis group, but with the

mammae only 0 — 2 = 4.

Quite similar to the more rufous forms of dolichiirus,

e. g. those from Nyasa and East Africa, the general colour

tawny, greyer on the liead, licher on the rump, sides paler, a

vell-rnarked huffy or ochraceous line edging the belly, wliich

is wdiite, sometimes tinged with huffy, the hairs not slaty at

base. Ears with proectote tawny brown or blackish ; meten-

tote rich buffy ; a pale huffy spot behind their posterior base.

Upper surface of hands and feet pale huffy. Tail long,

pencilled, uniformly dark brown. Mammae 0 — 2 = 4.

8kull lightly built. Palatal foramina reaching just to the

level of the front of vd. Bulla3 small. Molars light and

delicate.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) : —

Head and body 118 min.; tail 185; hind foot 24’5 ;

ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 31*3; basilar length 24*5; zygo-

matic breadth 15*3 ; nasals 11*5 ; interorbital breadth 4*7 ;

breadth of brain-case 13*6 ; palatal ioi amina 7*2 ; length of

u])per molar series 4*3.

IJab. Ruwenzori East. Alt. GOOo-7000'.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. G. 7. 1. 136. Original

number 207. Collected 30lh December, 1905, by D. Car-

ruthers. Nine specimens, of which six are females, including

one in spiilt.

The presence of only four mammas in this mouse is a very

curious fact, as there are six in all the other members of the

27i. dolichurus group, even those from compaiatively near

localities. Specimens from Shoa (^Zophirof Mt. Elgon

{Jackson), Nyasa {Johnston), Angola {Ansorgef and South

Africa ail show this latter number.

124

On Ocliotona (Conotlioa) aurlta.

XJl. — Note on Ocliotona (Conotlioa) aurlta, Blanf,^

from Ladah, By J. Lewis Boniiote, M.A.

Since writing rny paper on the genus Ocliotona (P. Z. S.

1904, ii. pp. 205 et seqq.) I have through the kindness of

Col. A. E. Ward reeeived some specimens of an Ocliotona

from the Pangong Lake, the typical locality of BlanfoiHPs

O, aurita^ which, from reference to his descri))tion and plate,

1 have no hesitation in referring to that species.

In my paper quoted above 1 considered, in default of

S])ecimcns, that Blanfordbs 0. aurita was probably ideiitieal

with Gunther’s O. macrotis) this, however, is not the case,

though in view of the stress laid by the describer on the

large size of the ears, as also evinced by the name, the

mistake was perhaps natural and pardonable. The following

is a deseription of Col. Ward’s speeimens from the l^angong

Lake, Ladak, and Nubia Valley : —

General appearance very similar to Blanford’s plate.

Colour above buffish grey grizzled with black, each hair

being black at its base with a buffish subterminal portion

and a black tip, which tips are frequently worn otf to a

greater or less extent. The feet are white with a tendency

to yellowish in their median portion. The underparts are

])ure white with an indistinct narrow median line of yellowisli.

Between the ears, across the shoulders, and reaching down

the sides of the neck is a broad band of pure buff, divided in

two in the middle line by a few of the hairs having black

tips. The whole of the head is rather brighter and yellower

than the rest of the body, but there is no trace of the rufous

suffusion of this part which is found in both 0. Iloylei and

0. inacrotis. The skull is typical of the Carzonioe ( = subgen.

Conotlioa) group. But in some specimens the anterior

portion of the large palatine foramen does not immediately

broaden out from its anterior end, but the two sides run

parallel for a short distance ; they, however, never show any

tendency to approach each other and can therefore not be

confounded with the rnfescens ( = subgen. Ocliotona) group.

In general features the skull resembles most closely that

of 0. Curzonice^ from which there is little to distinguish it,

except that the postorbital process of the zygoma is not so

long and narrow ; in size it is about the same. Erom

0, Iloylei the skull may be distinguished, apart from iis

rather smaller size, by the fact that the palatal foramen is

more triangular in general outline, the posterior portion

tending to open out more on either side.

125

On Two new rarasitic Coleoptera,

The skull of 0. macrotis is larger and the foramen resembles

that of 0. Roylei ; it basin addition two oval foramina in the

frontal bones which are not found in 0. aurita.

Dimensions of 0. aurita from Pangong Lake (Coll. A. E.

Ward^ no. 48) —

Head and body 170 mm. ; hind foot 31 ; ear 21.

Skull: greatest leiii^th 40; basal length 34; zygomatic

breadth 18; length of nasals 13; length of molar series 7'5.

There can be no doubt, from a comparison of the skins,

that the present species is closely allied to 0. Gurzonice. It

is apparently merely rather darker and the light buff patches

behind the ears are deeper in colour as a rule than in typical

0. Gurzonice^ though this seems to be a rather variable

feature.

Good series of both 0, Gurzonice and 0. aurita will

probably prove the latter to be a geographical form dis-

tinguished by some minor but constant differences. The

name aurita is unfortunate, as the ears are by no means

conspicuous or large. 0. macrotis^ except for its large ears,

is not unlike a pale greyish 0. Roylei, a resemblance which

is to some extent borne out by the skulls.

The following are the references to 0. aurita : —

Lagomys auritus, Blanford, J. A, S. B. voL xliv. p. Ill (Oct. 1875) ;

id, loc. cit. xlvi. p, 326 (1877) ; id. Yark. Mainin. p. 74, pi. vi. %. 2,

pi. vii. a, dg. 2 (1879).

XIII. — On Two new Parasitic

li nidge) from South America.

F.E.S.

Goleoptera {Fain. Staphy-

By Gilbert J. Arrow,

Five species have hitherto been described of the curious

parasitic genus of which four have been brought

from the mountain-chain of Western South America and the

fifth from the yjlains of La Plata. I am now adding two

more species, one from the north and the other from the

extreme south of the continent, and each represented by a

single specimen in the British Museum collection. The

circumstances in which they were found have not been re-

corded, but it may be assumed that, like the other species,

they are parasites of burrowing rodents.

Amblyopinus angustus^ sp. n.

Pallide testaceiis, vix nitidus, elongatus, scutello, elytris abdo-

mineque flavo-pubescentibus ; capite satfortiter punctato, postice

12() On Two new Parasitic Coleoptera.

rco'iilariter dilatai-o, liaud angulaho, oculis miiiutis, baud pro-

minciitibus ; protboraco rugose punctato, latcribus aniico arcuatis,

ap])roxirnal,is, postieofcre rectis,aiigulis posticis baud late arcuatis,

niargine basali distinctc sinuata ; scutello rnagno, lato, crebre

])UiJct;ito, apice vix angulato ; clytris punctato-rugosis ; abdomine

6u])tilitcT rugose punctato, segrnentis postice longitudine valdo

crcscentibus, ultimo quam latitudincm longiore; anteunis pedibus-

(}iie sat brevil)us.

Long. 8 mm.

Jlah. British Guiatia, Mt. Roralina. Found by Mr. J.

J. Quelcli.

Tills species has a very distinctive aspect, owing to its

elongate form. It is small and of a uniformly pale colour,

and has the liead and thorax closely punctured and not at all

shining, the elytra rugose and closely pubescent, and the

abdomen finely pubescent, but more shining than the rest of

the body. Tliere are two minute black spots at the posterior

])art of tlie liead, symmetrically placed, but perhaps not con-

stant. The first three joints of the antennas are elongate and

the remainder rather short and equal. The head is dilated

behind, but not very strongly, the protliorax is distinctly

narrowed in fiont, and the scutellum is very large, occupying

at the base fully a third of the breadth of the insect from

shoulder to shoulder. The elytra, beneath which there are no

wings, are not elongated in proportion to the rest of the body.

The legs and antenuEe are shorter than in most of the species,

but hardly as short as in A. Gahani^ Fauvel.

Amhlyopinus fuegensisy sp. n.

Rohustus, sat latus, rufo-ferrugiueus, capite prothoraceque nitidis,

glabris, elytris, scutello abdomiueque deuse fulvo-pubescentibus ;

capite crebre sed distiucte puuctato, post oculos leviter dilatato,

his parvis, paulo promiueutibus ; prothorace subtiliter punctulato,

la'eribus arcuatis, augulis posticis obliteratis, margiue basali

leviter siuuata, augulis anticis rotuudatis ; scutello sat parvo,

triaugulare, apice distiucte augnlato ; elytris brevibus, sicut

abdomine hand distiucte punctatis, hujus segmento ultimo sat

lato, apice vix emarginato.

Long. 8 mm.

Hah, Tierra del Fuego, Useless Bay. Found by Capl. R.

Crawshay, in December 1904.

This is like A. Jelskii, Solsky, but rather larger. The

head is relatively larger, the prothorax more circular, with

the sides more curved, the posterior angles less apparent, and

the surface less punctured and nmre shining. The scutellum

127

Bihliogra'pli ical Notices,

is longer and more angnlated and tlie elytra and abdomen

less distinctly sculptured, ddie antcniue are rather slender,

^vith the first joint almost twice as long as the second and

the three last as broad as they are long, the terminal one

having a short iinger-like process at the end.

EIBLIOGllAPIIICAL NOTICES.

Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea in the Collection of

the Indian Museum. —Vnci 111. Macrura. Fasciculus 1. The

Prawns of the Peneus Group. By A. Alcock, M.B., LL.D.,

C.I.E., E.ll.S. Calcutta : Printed by Order of the Trustees of

the Indian Museum. 1900. Price 7 rupees.

This is the Third, but an independent, Part of a Monograph of the

Decapod Crustacea of that portion of the Oriental llegion which

lies wdthin the political boundaries of British India ; and it deals

only with the prawns of the maniple Peneus. Nevertheless it

should prove of real service to all interested in the study of the

Crustacea, for there are few who can draw upon so wdde a know-

ledge of this group as Dr, Alcock. This part, like those which have

preceded it, is profusely illustrated by means of a large series of

plates, and this should add much to the value of the work.

Dr. Alcock points out that the Penei swarm in the warm waters

of the Indian seas, and form a large part of the food of many fishes.

But, “ beyond this,” he remarks, “ they in themselves constitute a

not inconsiderable part of that plenteous harvest of the sea which

in this country [India] still runs to waste for want of capital and

enterprise. What the prawn-fisheries of India might be wmrth it

is difficult to say ; but a statement published by Kishinouye, in the

‘ Journal of the Fisheries Bureau of Tokyo ’ for the year 1900, that

the dried prawns annually exported from Japan to China are valued

at 200,000 yen (or a little over <£20,000), shows that there must be

possibilities in them.”

A Treatise on Zoology. Edited by E. Bat Laxkester, M.A., LL.D.,

E.ll.S. — Part V, Mollusca. By Paul Pelseneek, D.Sc. London:

Adam A; Charles Black, 1906.

When we say that Dr. Pelseneer’s volume on the Mollusca is in

every way worthy of the earlier volumes of this great Treatise, we

have bestowed high praise ; and in doing so we entertain no fears

but that'this expression of opinion will meet with the approval of

all those who will have occasion to consult its pages.

Written originall)’ in another tongue, it has been translated, and

128

Miscellaneous.

ably translated, by Dr. Gilbert TlDurne, the Linacre Professor of

Comparative Anatomy at Oxford.

Designed for the advanced student, this volume, like its pre-

decessors, is of a highly technical character, and bristles with

terminology as yet unfamiliar even to those for whom it is in-

tended. 8o far from this being a drawback, however, it is, on the

contrary, a valuable feature — making for clearness, exactitude, and

condensation.

Not since the appearance of Ray Lankester’s article “ Mollusca,”

in the ninth edition of the ‘ Eucyclopjedia Britannica,’ has any work

on this group appeared comparable to the present volume ; hence

there can be no question about the welcome that this latest contri-

bution will receive. The ‘Encyclopaedia’ article marked an epoch

in the study of the Mollusca, and for many years, indeed, remained

the only effectual work of reference on the subject : no more

striking testimony as to its solid worth can be found than the fact

that all the more important conclusions therein arrived at find a

place in the volume now before us.

In one or two minor matters we find cause for complaint. The

chief of these concerns the unnecessarily vague statements as to

the number of living species of Mollusca. Thus on p. 35 we read ;

“ Descriptive zoologists have enumerated more than 28,000 species

of living Mollusca, of which more than half are Gastropods ” ; while

on p. 142 we meet with the statement that “ Some thirty thousand

species of Gastropoda have been enumerated, of which twenty

thousand belong to the present epoch.” Comment of this kind may

savour of “ quibbling ” : we do not mean to be hypercritical, but

desire simply to draw attention to a small point which might be

altered in a future edition.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Note of Correction.

Parorchis^ n. nom., for Zeucjorchis, Nicoll, ] 90G. By Wm. Nicoll,

M.A., B.Sc., Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Atidrews.

The name Zeugorehis., proposed (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii.

p. 519) for a Trematode genus represented by Z. acanthus, mihi,

from the cloaca of Larus argentatus, having previously been assigned

by Stafford (Zool. Anz. xxviii. (1905) p. 691) to a genus parasitic

in Reptilia, it is necessary to alter this. In its place I propose the

name Parorchis.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[SEVENTH SERIES.]

No. no. FEBRUARY 1907.

XIV. — On the Bats of the Family Megadermatidge.

By Knud Andersen and R. C. Wroughton.

The following notes are based on an examination of the

material in the British Museum of Natural History.

Key to the Genera,

A. Frontal shield of skull wider in front than be-

hind. Cusp 2 of m}^ much reduced in size or

almost entirr'iy disappeared. Antero-internal

basal cusp of upper canines always distinct.

a. t present. Prenasal notch of skull rounded

posteriorly. (Oriental and Malayan.)

a\ Prenasal notch of skull shallower, extending

I 9nly to level of front of m^. Tragus longer,

/more slender. General size smaller I. Megaderma.

* jTh4 three cusps forming the tips of the W of a typical molar in

inseejiti’^ ^rous bats are termed, in antero-posterior direction, respectively

1, 2,, 3 ; the two cusps forming the base of the W, 4 and 5 ; the lingual

“ heiel” ' of the upper molars, when single, 6, when double, G and 7 ; see

Herlu ? Winge, “ Om Pattedyrenes Tandskifte, isser med Hensyn til

Teen delrnes Former,"’ in Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kbhvn. 1882,

pp. 15 -69, pi. hi. (We prefer Winge’s designations to those proposed

by Os^born, which, in our opinion, are based on an erroneous idea of the

succejjsion of the cusps, and give a mistaken interpretation of the cusps

of the' lower as compared with those of the upper molars.)

t T'he small anterior upper premolar.

Ann,, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol, xix. 9

130 Messrs. K. Andersen and E. C. Wroughton on

b'. Prenasal notch of shull deeper, extending to

level of front of m^. Tragus shorter, broader.

General size larger II. Eucheira.

b. absent. Prenasal notch of skull pointed

posteriorly. Tragus very short and broad.

General size very large. (Australian.) III. Macroderma.

B. Frontal shield of skull not wider in front than be-

hind. Cusp 2 of nd not or scarcely reduced in

size, p^ absent. (Ethiopian.)

a. Posterior pair of angles of frontal shield pro-

duced to form postorbital processes ; upper

surface of shield comparatively flat, m'- quite

normal. Antero-internal basal cusp of upper

canines present. Nose-leaf very large. Tra-

gus long, narrow. Pollex small IV. Lavia.

b. Posterior pair of angles of frontal shield not

produced to form postorbital processes ; upper

surface of shield strongly concave. Cusp 3 of

moved backward. Antero-internal basal

cusp of upper canines absent. Nose-leaf

small. Tragus short, broad. Pollex larger. . V. Cardioderma.

I. Megaderma, Geoff.

1810. Megaderma, Geoffroy, Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. xv. p. 187.

Diagnosis. — See Key above, p. 129.

Skull. — Frontal shield wider in front than behind, its

anterior pair of angles situated at the bases of the maxillary

processes of the zygomatic arches ; the ridges joining them

with the posterior pair of angles forming quite normal supra-

orbital ridges ; looked at from above, the anterior pair of

angles are obscured by anteorbital swellings, which, separated

by a distinct depression, occupy the whole anterior part of the

frontal shield. Prenasal notcli shallower, measured from the

cingulum of canine equal to about ^ of total length of skull.

Teeth. — A small present. Cusp 3 of is moved back-

ward, while cusp 2 is moved inward and reduced in height.

In the typical molar of an insectivorous bat the anterior and

posterior triangles are practically of the same size; ih Mega-

derma the posterior triangle (formed by cusps 2, 3*, 5) is

distinctly larger than the anterior (formed by cusps 1^, 2^, 4),

though not to 'the same extent as in Eucheira. Antero-

internal basal cusp of upper canines quite distinct, but no't so

strongly developed as in Eucheira. , ^

Nose-leaf. — Posterior leaf in shape a broad ellipse, :|rather

longer than the horseshoe, with a median longitudina I |fold

which, seen from the front, appears as a longitudinal ridg^^> ; at

its base this ridge expands into a broad, heart-shaped, imedian

leaf, which overlaps and conceals the lateral margins c-‘f the

horseshoe.

i:u

the Bats of the Family Megadermatidae,

Tragus. — Both lobes propoitionally long and narrow, as

compared with those of Eucheira.

Range. — From the Indian Peninsula and Ceylon eastward

as far as the Philippines, Celebes, and Ternate.

Species. — Three, viz. : M, spasmaj M, carimatoe, M. na~

tunce.

Nomenclature. — The name Megaderma was proposed by

Geoffrey in 1810 {1. s. c.). The author describes the four

species included by him in Megaderma in tlie following

order: — M. lyra^ M. frons., M. tr {folium ^ M. spasma. But

M. spasma is mentioned in the description of the genus in

advance of all other species je me suis cm fond^a considerer

le V. spasma et ses congenbres comme formant un groupe

isole/^ p. 190), and in a short summary (p. 197) which

professes to give a view of the species in their proper order

(‘‘dans Fordre de leurs rapports ^^) Geoffroy heads the list

with M. trifolium^ i. e. the western race of M. spasma* In

accordance with the generally accepted view we therefore

regard M. spasma as the type of the genus.

Key to the Forms*

A. Size smaller : skull 25-27 mm.

a. Ears shorter: from crown 27'0-30’0 mm. . . 1. M. spasma.

a' . Lower leg averaging shorter : 28-29-5 mm. la. M. s. spasma.

b'. Lower leg averaging longer : 29'o-33'5 mm. 15. M. s, trifolium.

b. Ears longer : from crown 31'4-35 mm 2. M. carimatce.

B. Size larger : skull 28'5 mm 3. M. natunce.

1. Megaderma spasma^ L.

Diagnosis. — Size in every respect smaller than in M. na~

tunas ; ears shorter than in M. carimatce.

Details. — Distinguishable at a glance from M. natunce by

the conspicuously smaller size, especially of the skull and

teeth. Total length of skull to front of canines 25-27 mm.,

in M. natunce 28'5 mm. ; length of upper tooth-row [c-m^)

9‘5-10*5 mm., in M. natunce 11*4 mm. ; forearm 53-62 mm.,

in M* natunce 63 mm.* From M. carimatce it differs only

by its somewhat shorter ears.

Range. — The same as that of the genus.

Races. — Two, viz. : M. spasma spasma^ M. spasma trifolium,

* We give in the letterpress a few principal dimensions only; a

detailed comparative table of measurements will be found at the end of

the paper (p. 144).

V

9»

132 Messrs. K. Andersen and R. C. Wroughton on

1 a. Megaderma spasma spasma, L.

1734. Glis volans Ternatunus, Seba, Thesaur. p. 90, pi. Ivi. fig. 1.

1758. Vespertilio spasma, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 32.

1810. Meyaderma spasma, L. ; Geoffroy, Ann. Mus. d’llist. Nat. xv.

p. 195.

1843. Meyaderma philijppinensis, Waterhouse, P. Z. S. p. 09.

Diagnosis. — Lower leg averaging shorter; 28-29*5 mm.

Specimens examined. — 6 (2 skins) and 6 skulls, from

Qelebes (3), Philippines (3).

Range. — Ternate,^^ Celebes, Philippines.

Nomenclature. — Linn^’s Vespertilio spasma was based on

Seba^s ^^Glis volans Ternatanus.” Having had no speci-

mens from Ternate for examination, we use the name spasma

for the race here under consideration, the habitat of which is

the nearest to Ternate. Waterhouse described AI. pfiilippin^

ensis from specimens collected by Cuming, some of which are

now in the British Museum Collection. They are in every

respect indistinguishable from Celebes individuals.

1 h, Alegaderma spasma trifolium^ GeofF.

1810. Meyaderma trifolium, Geoffroy, Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. xv.

p. 193.

1851. Meyaderma , Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. I. Co. p. 32.

1863. Meyaderma Horsfieldi, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. As. Soc. Beng.

p. 23.

Diagnosis. — Lower leg averaging longer : 29*5-33*5 mm.

Details. — AI. s. trifolium can only be distinguished from

AI. s. spasma by its rather longer lower leg. The skull, teeth,

and external characters are otherwise the same in the two

races.

Specimens examined. — 29 (16 skins) and 29 skulls, from

Ceylon (3), W. India (4), Siam and Cochin China (8),

Penang (2), Singapore (3), Sumatra (2), Java (6), Borneo (1).

Geoffroy’s M. trifolium. — Type locality : Java. Geoffroy

compared his Javan bat with Seba’s plate of Glis volans

Ternatanus (Linnets V. spasma), and found it to differ in the

shapes of the posterior leaf and the tragus; he therefore

described it as a new species, Al. trifolium. . AVe have

examined specimens from Java and can find no validity in

these alleged characters. The name trifolium is the earliest

available for the form here under consideration.

Blythes AI. Horsfieldi. — In 1851 (/. s. c.) Horsfield described

a Aiegaderma “ from Continental India, contributed by

E. Blyth, Esq., on behalf of the Asiatic Society of BengaL";

no name was proposed by Horsfield ; it was characterized by

133

the Bats of the Family Megadermatidas.

tlie absence of transverse lines ” from the membrane along

the sides of the abdomen, and the presence of regularly

parallel ridges at the base of the ear/'’ The British Museum

possesses a specimen (skin, no. 60. 5. 4. 13), received from

the India House Collection, which is iji all probability the

actual individual referred to by Horsfield ; the peculiarities

emphasized by him are partly due to bad preparation of the

specimen and partly are quite individual. In 1863 {1. s. c.)

Blyth proposed the name Horsjieldi for the species described

but left unnamed by Horsfield. 'When the late Dr. J.

Anderson (Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. p. 21, 1881) registered as

“ types ” of M. Horsjieldi two specimens obtained by

Mr. Theobald in Tenasserim he was undoubtedly in error.

Blytl/s M. Horsjieldi was, as already pointed out, based on

Horsfield'’s Megaderma ” from Continental India.

2. Megaderma carimatoBj Miller.

1906. Megaderma carimatce, Gerrit S. Miller, Jun., Proc. U.S. Nat.

Mus. xxxi. no. 1481, p, 65.

The species is known to us only from the published account.

Type locality: Karimata Island. According to Miller, it

differs from M. spasma only in the smaller size and larger

ears. The former character must be dropped ; Miller gives

as length of the forearm (five males and four females) 53*6-

58'6 mm., as against 57-61 mm. in Al, spasma (seven females,

Malay Peninsula, i. e, M. s. trijolium of the present paper) :

but, first. Miller has compared his il/. carimatce with females

only of Af, spasma, and females of this species average larger

than males ; second, we find in twenty-nine individuals of

Al. s. trijolium the forearm varying between 53 and 62 mm.

There remains the alleged greater length of the ears in

AI. carimatce : measured from the crown “ 31*4-35 mm.’^

(Aliller) against 27-29 mm.'’"’ {Alillei') in AL spasma ; we

find that similar measurements for M, s, trijolium range from

27-30 mm. (Malay specimens 28-29 mm.).

3. Alegaderma natunce^ sp. n.

Diagnosis. — In every respect larger than AI, spasma.

Details. — The differences between AI. natunce and AI. spasma

have been pointed out above under the latter species (p. 131).

Type. — ^ ad. (in ale.). Bungaran Island, N. Natunas.

Collected by A. Everett, Esq. British Museum no.

94. 9. 28. 30.

Range. — As yet known from the type specimen only.

134 Messrs. K. Andersen and R. C. Wrougliton on

II. Eucheira, Hodgs.

1847. Eucheira, Hodgson, J. A. S. B, xvi. p. 891, footnote (September

1847).

1872. Lyroderma, Peters, MR. Akad. Berl. p. 195 (18th March, 1872).

Diagnosis. — See Kev/^ above, p. 130.

Skull. — Frontal sliield as in Megaderma. Prenasal notch

deeper, measured from the cingulum of canine about ^ of

total length of skull.

Teeth. — A small present. Cusp 3 of moved con-

siderably backward ; the posterior triangle (formed by cusps

2, 3, 5) at least double the size of the anterior (formed by

cusps 2, 4). Cusp 2 moved inward and tending to dis-

appear, being represented only by a small tubercle, much

below the level of the other cusps. Antero-internal basal

cusp of upper canine very strongly developed, more so than

in Megaderma.

JSose-leof. — Posterior leaf a rectangle, with slightly convex

sides, twice as long as the median leaf; median longitudinal

ridge (fold) as in Megaderma, but its junction with median

leaf forming an obtuse angle on each side, strongly con-

trasting with the sharply acute angles formed in Megaderma.

Range. — Indian Peninsula; S. China; there seems as yet

to be no record of this genus from Burma.

Species. — Two, viz. : E. lyra, E. sinensis.

Hodgson^s Eucheira. — Type species, E. schistacea, Hodgs.,

= Megaderma lyra, Geoff. The generic name Eucheira was

proposed by Hodgson because the phalangeal system [of

E. schistacea] is apparently irreconcilable with Cuviei-’s

general and Geoffroy^s particular definitions^^ of the common

structure of the wing in Chiroptera; but at the same time the

description and figure of the wing of schistacea, as given by

Hodgson himself, are those of a quite normal Megadermine

wing, and liis schistacea is undoubtedly nothing but the well-

known “ Megadermad^ lyra. Although, therefore, the whole

basis on which Hodgson founded the genus Eucheira is a

mistake, still the name, as being the earliest in date, will

have to stand according to the current nomenclatural rules.

The name Eucheira has apparently been overlooked by suc-

ceeding writers and is not mentioned in Palmei-’s ^ index

Geneium Mammalium.^

Feters^ Lyroderma. — Type species. Megaderma lyra, Geoff.

The characters given by Peters for the “ subgenus Lyro-

derma are the shape of the nose-leaf, the flatness of the

Irontal shield, and the absence of postorbital processes. The

name Lyroderma is antedated by Hodgson^s Eucheira.

the Bats of the Famity Megaderm atidoo.

135

Key to the Forms.

A. Skull smaller: 27’8-29 mm. ; preriasal notch pos-

teriorly wider, flattened 1. E. lyra.

a. On the average larger : forearm 65-69 mm \a, E. 1. lyra.

h. On the average smaller : forearm 63-68 mm. . . \h. E. 1. caurina,

B. Skull larger : 29'3-32 mm. ; prenasal notch

narrower, rounded posteriorly 2. E. sinensis.

1. Eucheira lyra, GeofF.

Chief characters. — Skull and teeth markedly smaller than

in E. sinensis. Total length of skull 27*8-29 mm., in

E. sinensis 29*3-32 ram. ; upper tooth-row 10*8-11*5 mm.,

in E. sinensis 11*5-12*1 mm. Prenasal notch proportionally

rather shorter, wider behind, posterior margin flattened.

Range. — Indian Peninsula.

Races. — Two : E. lyra lyra and E. lyra caurina,

1 a. Eucheira lyra lyra, GeofF.

1810. Megaderma lyra, Geoffroy, xAnn. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. xv. p. 190.

1839. Vespertilio (^Megaderma) carnatica, Elliot, Madr. Journ. vol. x.

p. 96.

1814. Megaderma spectrum, Wagner, in Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. p. 569.

1847. E. sckistacea, Hodgson, J. xA. S. B. xvi. p. 889.

Characters. — The present race can only be distinguished

from E. 1. caurina by average characters : skull 29-29*5 mm.,

upper tooth-row 11*1-11*5, forearm 65-69, against 27*8-28*3,

10*8-11, 63-64 respectively in E. 1. caurina.

Specimens examined. — 18 (16 skins) and 20 skulls, viz. :

^‘Madras^^ (11); Secunderabad (1), Bengal (6).

Range. — Indian Peninsula, east of 75° E.

Geojfrofs Megaderma lyra. — Type locality : one of the

Dutch factories in India, probably East Coast of Madras.

Geoftroy separated lyra as a distinct species on account of the

shape and size of the nose-leaf (“Feuille rectangulaire,

la follicule de moitie plus petite, 1. s. c.).

Elliotts Megaderma carnatica. — Type locality : Southern

Maratha Country. Elliot relied on the presence of only

three teeth in the upper row behind the canine to justify the

separation of carnatica, but he seems himself to have been in

doubt as to the validity of the species, inasmuch as he adlei

“ M. lyra ? ” The British Museum has several specimens

collected by Elliot, all of them unquestionably lyra.

Hodgson’s Eucheira schistacea. — Type locality: Siligori,

N.E. Bengal. Hodgson left Nepal for good in 1844, and

the context (/. s. c.) shows that he had never seen any species

136 Messrs. K. Andersen and R. C. Wrougliton on

of the family Megadermatidae until he obtained the examples

on which he based schistacea ; these specimens, when later on

acquired by the British Museum, were wrongly labelled

Nepal (see Scully, J. A. S. B. Ivi. pt. ii. no. 3, p. 234,

1887). Hoclgson^s specimens, as well as his published figure

of the bat, show that schistacea is nothing but E. lyra lyra.

Wagner^ s Megaderma spectrum. — Type locality : Kashmir.

Apparently based on a single specimen (Baron Hiigebs

collections). According to Wagner, M. spectrum has only

four teeth behind the upper canine (/. e. one premolar only) :

but bearing in mind that is present in all known Oriental

representatives of the family Megadermatidas (this small tooth

is wanting only in the Ethiopian genera Lavia and Cardio-

derma and the Australian Macroderma) ; farther, that

Wagner^s description of M. spectrum is based throughout on

a comparison with M. frons {Lavia frons\ not with E. lyra^

with which last he seems to have been unacquainted ; again,

that p^j when present in bats of this family, is extremely

small, hidden on the internal side of the tooth-row, and

therefore very easily overlooked when not searched for ; and,

finally, that Wagner^s figure of M. spectrum differs in no

appreciable respect from an ordinary E. lyra — there can be

no reasonable doubt that W agner^s statement as to the

number of teeth was wrong ; if so, the whole basis of the

supposed new species breaks down.

1 h, Eucheira lyra caurina^ subsp. n.

Characters. — See above, under E. 1. lyra (p. 135).

Specimens examined. — 8 skins and skulls, all from the

West Coast of India.

Type. — ? ad. skin. Surat District, W. India. Collected

by il. C. Wrougliton, Esq. B.M. no. 98. 4. 2. 2.

Range. — India, west of 77° E.

2. Eucheira sinensis ^ sp. n.

Characters, — Size somewhat larger than E. lyra ; see

comparative measurements under that species above (p. 135).

Prenasal notch proportionally rather longer, narrowed behind,

posterior margin rounded.

Specimens examined, — 2 skins and skulls, viz. Swatow (1),

Amoy (1).

Type, — Adult (unsexed), skin and skull. Amoy, S. China.

Tomes Collection. B.M. no. 7. 1. 1. 339.

Range. — S. China.

the Bats of the Family Megaclermatida3.

137

III. Macroderma, Miller.

1900. Macroderma, Gerrit S. Miller, Jun., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. xix.

p. 84 (4th June, 1906).

Diagnosis. — See “ Key/^ p. 130.

Skull. — Frontal shield wider in front tlian behind ; its

anterior angles raised into the same plane as the posterior (in

the two preceding genera the anterior angles are depressed to

the bases of the maxillary processes of the zygomatic arches) ;

anteorbital swellings obliterated (distinct in Megaderma and

Eucheira) ; as a consequence of these modifications the whole

area of the pentagonal frontal shield flat and all its angles

sharply and strongly defined. Prenasal notch still longer

than in Eucheira (measured from cingulum of canines about

i of total length of skull) ; posteriorly pointed, not rounded

or flattened as in Megaderma and Eucheira.

Teeth. — yS absent. Cusp 3 of moved backward as in

Eucheira j cusp 2 moved inward to a line between cusps 1

and 5, almost obliterated ; cusp 4 much reduced, markedly

below the level of the remaining cusps. Antero-internal

basal cusp of upper canines strongly developed.

Eose-leaf. — Posterior leaf ovoid as in M.egadermaj double

the length of the median leaf as in Eucheira ; median leaf

shaped as in Eucheira. Front margin of horseshoe plicate,

suggesting a rudimentary form of the much more complicated

structure in Lavia.

Tragus. — Both lobes short and broad, even more so than

in Eucheira.

Range. — Central Queensland.

Species. — One, viz. M. gigas.

Eomenclature. — The genus Macroderma was established by

Miller (Z. s. c.) iox Megaderma gigas and characterized by the

absence of the shape of the frontal shield, and the much

greater development of the cartilaginous premaxillaries.

Macroderma gigas, Dobs.

1880. Megadei'ma gigas, Dobson, P. Z. S. p. 461, pi. xlvi.

Diagnosis. — Forearm 103-104 mm.

Specim.ens examined. — 2 (1 skin) and 2 skulls, from Central

Queensland.

Range. — As yet known only from Central Queensland.

138 Messrs. K. Andersen and R. C. Wrougliton on

IV. La VIA, Gray.

1838. Lavut^ Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot. ii. p. 490.

.DiognosU. — See “ Key,^^ p. 130.

Skull. — Frontal shield parallel-sided, but appearing wider

behind, owing to development of the posterior pair of angles

into long ])rocesses; otherwise as in Prenasal

notch about the same proportional length as in Eucheira^

showing a tendency to become pointed behind in some indi-

viduals (compare Macrodermd).

Teeth. — j/ absent. All five cusps of m} equally developed

and placed in a regular W. Antero-internal basal cusp of

upper canine about as in Megaderma.

Nose-leaf. — Posterior leaf in shape a long triangle, with

sliglitly convex sides and truncated apex, three times as long

as the median leaf ; median longitudinal fold gradually

widening anteriorly, the junction with the median leaf

forming no appreciable angle on each side ; median leaf

small, with a lobe on each side anteriorly which reaches to

the margin of the horseshoe and covers the nostrils ; horse-

shoe with a notch on each side in front, between which the

front margin of the horseshoe is produced into a free lobe ;

the sides of this lobe folded together downward, and then the

whole turned backw^ard to lie on the face of the median leaf.

Tragus. — External lobe very long.

Range. — W. Coast of Africa, from Cape Verd to the

mouth of the Niger ; Upper Nile Valley; Uganda; British

and German East Africa.

Species. — One, viz. Lavia frons.

Nomenclature. — Type species of the genus, Megaderma

frons, Geoff. Gray proposed the generic name Lavia on

account of the shape of the nose-leaf and frontal shield and

the absence of ju'h

1. Lavia frons, Geoff.

Characters and Range. — Those of the genus.

Races. — Two, viz. Lavia frons frons and Lavia frons

affinis.

1 a. Lavia frons frons, Geoff.

1759. Za Feuille, Daubenton, M^m. Acad. Sci. Paris, p. 388.

1800. ? Vespertilio mecjalotis, Bechstein, in Pennant’s Uebersiebt der

vierfiiss. Thiere, p. 022.

1810. Megaderma frons, Geoffrey, Ann. Mus. d’llist. Nat. xv. p. 192.

1905. lAivia rex, Gerrit S. Miller, Jim., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash, xviii.

p. 227 (9th Becember, 1905).

139

the Bats of the Family Megaderm atlda3.

Diagnosis, — Average size larger.

Details. — Can only be discriminated from L. f. affinis by

average characters : forearm 5G-62 mm., skull 21:‘5-26, upper

tooth-row 9-10, as against 52-58 rnm., 23'5-21, 8*7-9 re-

spectively in L.f. affinis.

Specimens examined. — 33 (21 skins) and 23 skulls, viz.

Gambia (0), Kumasi (1), N. Nigeria (2), Kordofan (4),

liuweiizori (4), Uganda (0), British East Africa (10).

Range. — Tlie same as that of the genus (above, p. 138),

with the exception of Bahr-el-Ghazal.

Bechsieiids V. megalotis. — Under the name V. megalotis

Bechstein describes a bat taken by Levaillant in Great

Namaqualand, which, from the absence of the tail and the

presence of nose-leaf and tragus, was clearly a member of

the family Megadermatid^e. But no species has in recent

times been recorded from Africa south of 15° S., and the

measurements quoted by Bechstein are so strange (rendered

from German inches into millimetres: nose-leaf 35 mm.;

body 78 mm.; ear 70 (!) mm.; expanse 210 mm.) that it

appears safer to leave Levaillanf’s bat unidentified.

Geoffroy’s Megaderma frons. — Type locality : Senegal.

Geoffrey’s descidption is based, not on actual specimens, but

on Daubenton'’s description of La Feuille"’'’ (/. s. c.), which

is undoubtedly the species here under consideration, being a

'bat with an ovate nose-leaf, ^^posee verticalement, qui

ressemble a une feuille,^^ huit lignes de longueur sur six de

largeur,^^ with the ears prbs de deux fois aussi grandes que

la membrane’^ [f. e. the nose-leaf], and united par la moitid

de la longueur de leur bord interne,^^ with a long, narrow,

pointed tragus, with no tail, with the fur “ d^une belle couleur

cendiee, avec quelque teinte de jaun^tre,"’^ with § incisors,

^ cheek-teeth, and inhabiting Senegal.

Milled s Lavia rex. — Type locality ; Taveta, German East

Africa. Miller relies for the discrimination of L. rex on its

greater external dimensions, longer mandible, and heavier teeth:

“ forearm 60 mm.,^'’ “ mandible 17*8,^^ maxillary tooth-

row 9*2,^^ instead of ^*56 mm.,'’^ ‘^15*2'’^ mm., and “8*2 mm."’'

respectively in L. frons. These measurements, as well as all

the others given by Miller, place it beyond doubt that his

L. rex is L. frons frons and that the reason for his describing

it as new was that he compared it, not with the true L. frons

f'ons, but with the smaller race described in this paper as

L. frons affinis.

140 Messrs. K. Andersen and R. C. W rougliton on

1 h. Lavia frons affiais, subsp. n.

Diagnosis. — Average size smaller.

Details. — Comparative measurements are given above

under L. frons frons (p. 139).

Type. — S at]* skin. Kaka, White Nile. Collected by

R. M. Hawker, Esq. B.M. no. 1. 8. 8. 3.

Specimens examined. — 8 (7 skins) and 6 skulls, viz. White

Nile (5), Lake No (1), Lado (1), Wadelai (1).

The British Museum possesses a somewhat damaged skull

without skin from Cape Coast Castle (Gold Coast) which

seems to belong to this race, and Miller^s specimen of

L. frons referred to above under L. f. frons (p. 139)

appears also to belong to the present race ; so it is possible

that the range of affinis extends westward to the coast.

V. Cardioderma, Peters.

1873. Cardioderma, Peters, MB. Akad. Berlin, p. 488 (23rd June,

1873).

Diagnosis. — See Key,^^ p. 130.

Skull, — Frontal shield parallel-sided; the centre longitu-

dinally depressed, so as to form a ‘‘ trough ; all the angles

sharply defined, but not produced into processes as in Lavia,

Prenasal notch about as long as in Megaderma total length

of skull), flatly rounded posteriorly.

Teeth, — p"^ absent. Cusp 3 of about as in Megaderma,

Antero-internal basal cusp of upper canine absent.

Nose-leaf. — As in Megaderma^ but a distinct trace of

antero-lateral lobes of the median leaf, as in Lavia ; in

Megaderma, Eucheira^ and Macroderma these lobes are merely

indicated by faint depressions in the margin of the median

leaf.

Tragus. — Both lobes veiy short ; the inner flatly rounded

at top and excavate at the base in front, so that it seems

directed inward rather than upward.

liange. — East Africa : Zanzibar, Mombasa, Somali.

Species. — One, C, cor.

Nomenclature. — Type species of the genus, Megaderma cor.

In 1872 Peters described Megaderma cor, and in the following

year proposed for this species the subgeneric name Gardio-

derma without any further characterization.

141

the Bats of the Family Megadermatidoe.

Cardioderma cor^ Ptrs.

1872. Megaderma coVy Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. (18th March, 1872)

p. 194.

Specimens examined. — 10 (3 skins) and 8 skulls, viz.

Zanzibar (2), Mombasa (2), Somali (6).

Peters^ Megaderma cor, — Type locality : Abyssinia. Peters

based his diagnosis of Megaderma cor on the shape and size

of the nose-leaf and tragus.

Wing-structure.

The four families Nycteridse, Megadermatidae, Hippo-

sideridae, and Khinolophid^ are rather closely inter-related ;

they have probably had a common origin. When trying to

form an idea of the stage of development at which the wing-

structure of the Megadermatidae has arrived, it is therefore

fair to compare them with such species of the other families

as have, in this respect, remained on a low level, f. i. Hippo-

siderus diadema.

In H. diadema the third metacarpal is the longest, the

fifth the shortest, the indices of the third, fourth, and fifth

metacarpals being, respectively, 716, 696, and 640; that this

is a primitive condition needs hardly any comment (a similar

mutual length of the metacarpals is found in many primitive

fruit-bats). In the Megadermatidse the third metacarpal is

the shortest, the fifth the longest, the indices being 727, 784,

and 845 ; the third metacarpal, it will be noticed, has retained

practically the same length (727) in proportion to the forearm

as in II. diadema (716), whereas the fourth and, still more,

the fifth have been very considerably lengthened.

In H. diadema the first phalanx of the third digit (index :

329) is somewhat less than half the length of the third

metacarpal (716) ; in the Megadermatidae it is decidedly

lengthened (index: 404), being always more than one half of

the metacarpal (727). The first phalanx of the fourth digit

has retained the same length in proportion to the forearm as

in H. diadema (242 against 237); the first phalanx of the

fifth digit is slightly lengthened (280 against 247).

In H. diadema the second phalanx of the third digit (327)

is only equal in length to the first phalanx (329) ; in the

Megaderniatida3 it is enormously lengthened (693), being

almost \ of the first phalanx (404). In H. diadema., t\\Q

distal phalanges of the fourth and fifth digits are considerably

shorter than the proximal phalanges; in the Megadermatidae

the second phalanx of the fourth digit is at least equal to

J42 Messrs. K. Andersen and R, C. AVrougliton on

[Macroderma^ Lavia), but often much longer than [Mega-

dermoy EucheWa, Cardioderma)^ the first phafanx ; the

second phalanx of the fifth digit is in all genera of Mega-

dermatidge approximately equal to, or rather longer than, the

U3

the Bats of the Family Megadermatldae.

first phalanx, except in Macroderma^ in which it has remained

rather short.

Tlie total result of these modifications is best realized by a

comparison of tlie total index of tlie third, fourth, and fifth

dio;its: in Megaderm atidae 1824, 1303, and 1404, as against

1372, 1106, and 1081 in H. diadema and allied species.

The greatest increase (452) falls on the third digit, the next

(323) on the fifth, the smallest (197) on the fourth; i. e. the

area of the wing in the family Megadermatidae is enormously

increased in size, the wing being at the same time much

more pointed (lengthening of third digit in proportion to

fourth) and much broader (lengthening of fifth digit in

proportion to fourth).

General Remarks.

The five genera of Megadermatidae are referable to two

fundamental types. In the one, represented by Megaderma^

Eucheira^ and Macroderma^ the frontal shield of the skull is

but moderately developed, the median external cusp (cusp 2)

of the upper m’- is more or less on the point of disappearance,

and, with the exception of the somewhat aberrant Macro-

derma, they have preserved the small anterior upper premolar

(p^). In the other group, represented by Lavia and Gardio-

derma, the frontal shield is largely developed, giving the

skull a quite peculiar aspect, the median external cusp of the

upper is of normal (or almost normal) size and has

completely disappeared. The former group is Oriental,

Malayan, and Australian, the latter Ethiopian.

Megaderma and Eucheira, from the Malay Archipelago and

S. Asia, are very closely related, differing in no other

important respects than the degree oi modification of the cusps

of the upper molars, the size of the prenasal notch, and the

size and shape of the tragus. In having cusp 2 oi nd still

more reduced in size, cusp 3 still more posterior in position,

and the prenasal notch still deeper, the strictly continental

Eucheira is clearly on a higher level of development than the

Malayan and continental Megaderma.

The Australian Macroderma is undoubtedly an offshoot of

the Megaderma-Eucheira branch ; broadly speaking, it

accords with these latter genera in the general shape of the

frontal shield, the strong reduction of cusp 2 of and the

posterior position of cusp 3 of nd, but it has completely lost

and the prenasal notch is unusually deep and different in

shape.

The two Ethiopian genera Lavia and Cardioderma, forming

the second section of the family, are closely related inter se.

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145

On the Bats of the Family Megadcrmatldoc.

Lavia is the more primitive : the frontal shield is not so

profoundly modified as in Cardioderma^ is quite normal

in structure. In Cardioderma the frontal shield attains its

highest degree of modification, the posterior of the external

cusps (cusp 3) of- is moved somewhat backward, and the

antero-internal basal cusp of the upper canines, present in all

other genera, has quite disappeared.

Summary. — Selecting the most primitive of the cranial

and dental characters preserved in the five living genera of

Megadermatidge, we are able to draw up a rough sketch of

the skull and teeth of the unknown prototype of the family.

It was a bat with the frontal shield not very considerably

different from that of Megaderma and Eucheira, with the five

primary cusps of ml practically of equal size, as in the typical

molar of an insectivorous bat, and with a small From

this type of bat originated, on the one side the Malayan and

Oriental Megaderma and Eucheira : frontal shield not largely

modified, preserved, but cusp 2 of m} more or less reduced,

cusp 3 more Or less moved backward; and the Australian

Macroderma', essentially as Megaderma and Eucheira^ but^^

lost ; on the other side the Ethiopian Lavia and Qardioderma :

molar cusps almost normal, but frontal shield profoundly

modified, and lost.

The subjoined diagram gives a view of probable inter-

relations and phylogeny of the genera : —

Macroderma.

Cardioderma.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix.

10

146

Prof. G. Chilton on

XV. — Note on the Crah Ilymenosoma depressum, Jacquinot

and Lucaff. By Charles Chilton, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S.,

Piofessor of Biology, Canterbury College, New Zealand.

[Plate y.]

The little crab Ilymenosoma Jacquinot and Lucas,

was described many years ago*, but does not appear to have

been recognized since, and some confusion and doubt has

therefore arisen with regard to it. As I happen to have seen

some specimens which, in my opinion, undoubtedly belong to

the species intended by Jacquinot and Lucas, it is only just

to their memory that I should endeavour to establish the

validity of the species in question ; at the same time I can

add one or two facts which are, perhaps, not without interest.

White, in 1846, established Ilalicarcinus as a subgenus of

Ilymenosoma, and the second of the two species placed under

it by him was Ilymenosoma depressum, Jacquinot, a species

which was transferred to Ilymenicus by Dana in 1852.

According to Miers, however, the specimens referred to

Jacquinot^s species by White were distinct from it, and he, in

1876, named them Elamena Whitei'\. Miers had not seen

any specimens really referable to Ilymenosoma depressum,

Jacquinot and Lucas, and in the ^ Catalogue of the N. Z.

Crustacea,^ p. 51, gives this species under the name

‘^Ilymenicus depressusl,” quoting Jacquinot and Lucases

description, and adding: —

“ The carapace is represented as nearly circular, the front

very narrow, not longer than the eyes, and of equal width

throughout. There is apparently a small tooth outside the

eyes. Third joint of the external maxillipeds much the

largest. I have not seen specimens of this species.'’^

H ere the story of this species appears to end so far as

printed records are concerned. The new facts that I am

able to add are as follows : —

In April 1888, in the collection of Mr. E. Helms, of

Greymouth, which was submitted to me for examination, I

found a dried crab which, by its yellow colour, flat depressed

carapace, and long legs evidently belonged to the species

described and figured by Jacquinot and Lucas. In 1893,

in the collection of the late Mr. S. H. Drew, of Wanganui, I

found two specimens of the same kind which were labelled as

* Voj. Pole Sad, Zool. iii. Crustaces, p. G2, pi. v. figs. 34-39.

t See Stebbiag, P. Z. 8. 1900, p. 522.

llymenosoma depressiim, Jacquinot and Lucas. 147

liaving been dredged on tlie Grxiyinouth bar in 20 fatliomg ;

very probably they had been eollected by Mr. Ilolmg at the

same time as the speeimen in his own eollection.

I have notes on these speeimens, made at the time, stating

tliat they appear 'to agree well with the original description

and figures by Jacquinot and Lucas, with which I had com-

pared them, and that Miers^s remarks as to the figure are not

altogether correct, but that the front is really ‘‘ dentiform,"’^

{. e. tooth-like, and narrowing to its extremity, instead of

being of equal width throughout,’’^ and that there could

scarcely be said to be a small tooth outside the eyes

either in the figure or in the specimens. In my MS. notes I

also mentioned the fact that the terminal joints of the last

four pairs of legs were fringed with hairs and looked as if

they were used as swimming-organs, .like the legs of the

water-boatmen (Notonectidae).

T saw no further specimens of this species till December

1905, when Mr. Marriner brought me a dried specimen

found at Sumner, Canterbury, precisely like those already

referred to.

This specimen is a male, while the original description and

figure were drawn up from a female specimen, so that I can

add to it the few points in which the male differs from the

female.

The well-marked fringe of long hairs on the distal joints of

the last four pairs of legs is worthy of notice, for tliis, com-

bined with the flat depressed carapace and the very long legs,

shows, I think, that the crab is capable of swimming.

Jacquinotks specimen is said to have been taken under stones

at low tide on the shores of the Auckland Islands ; the two

in Mr. Drew^s collection were dredged on Greymouth bar at

20 fathoms ; I have no definite information as to the circum-

stances under which the other two specimens which I have

seen were taken, but there is nothing in these records incon-

sistent wdth the powder of swimming. Most of the ordinary

swimming-crabs have the last pair of legs specially flattened

for the purpose, but probably many other crabs possess some

power of progression by swimming even without special

modification of the legs ; this is certainly the case with the

young of Petrolisthes elongatuSj Milne- Edwards, just hatched

out from the last Zoeea-form, as I know from personal observa-

tion that it can swim with considerable agility.

The whole of the Hymenosomidm of New Zealand require

careful revision, and until that is done the generic position of

this species must remain an open question ; in the meantime,

however, I give a new description of the species, which, with

10^

148 On Ilymcnosoma depressum.

the figures, will, I hope, fa'cilitate its identification in the

future.

IJymenosoma depressum^ Jacquinot and Lucas.

(PI. V. figs. 1-4.)

ITymenosoma depresmm, Jacquinot and Lucas, Voy. Pole Sud, Zool.

iii. Crustaces, p, 62, pi. v. tigs. 34-39.

Male. — Carapace nearly circular, very slightly longer than

broad ; flat, depressed, lateral margins without teeth ; the

slightly raised margin of carapace continued over the base of

the rostrum. Rostrum short, not longer than the eyes,

narrowing to the subacute extremity ; orbits not interrupting

the margin of the carapace, the lateral portion of the orbit

separated by a slight cleft from the upper portion, so that the

lateral portion in dorsal view gives almost the appearance of

a small tooth outside the eyes *.

Anterior legs (chelse) rather short, only moderately en-

larged j meros and carpus with inner surface supplied with a

few short scattered hairs, outer surface smooth ; propod with

inner surface nearly flat, with short scattered hairs which

extend along the lower border of the fixed finger, outer surface

strongly convex, smooth ; fingers slender, their inner surfaces

with short setae, fixed finger with a small tooth near the base,

movable finger with a larger tooth placed a little more

distally, the rest of the opposing margins with small irregular

teeth, that of the movable finger also bearing small tufts of

setae.

Tiie succeeding four pairs of legs of approximately equal

length, greatly elongated, fully two and a half times as long

as the carapace, slender, without spines; the meros con-

siderably longer than any of the other joints except the

propod ; the carpus about half as long as the propod ; dactyl

slender and acute, slightly longer than the propod ; in all

the legs the proximal joints bear a few scattered setae, while

a continuous row of closely-packed set^ fringes the hinder

margin of the three or four distal joints, the setae being

longer than the joint is wide.

Abdonien of male short, triangular, only slightly longer

than its breadth at the base, and reaching only to the poste-

rior margin of the sternum corresponding to the fourth pair

of legs.

Length of carapace (without rostrum) 12*5 mm., breadth

* These points are not well shown in fig. 1 ; an attempt has been made

to show them more accurately in hg. 2.

^nrr ^ Hia L J.7 VoL AJX J^L \

HVMEN050MA DEPRES5UM , Jacq & Luc

LAF and C.C del.

On new Species of Shells.

Ud

„ .t «»i. '«« >*"•

without teeth.

Auckland Islands.^

explanation of plate V.

Ilymenosoma depressum, Jacq. & Luc.

XYL-Descnptwnsofne,^8p^ DlymsZ'fcSylus

Alycseus. By Hugh C. Fulton.

[Plates IX. & X.]

Trochomorpha modesta^ sp. n. (Pk o )

Shell rather widely

colour; spire co.uc, whorls

stri* crossed on * “£;[td ne“ last sharply

6, convex, f ^ !he margin ; aperture very oblique ;

but is smaller,

r!‘ j5 JuTby tlm Xght depression just above the suture and

'^"iadllf stilted from T. castra, Bens., by its wider

umbilicus and uniform coloration.

• [There are specimens of thi^species “ more slender

S " c"

150

Mr. II. C. Fulton on

Trocliomor'plia crassicarinaia^ sp. n. (PI. IX. fig. 2.)

Shell moderately solid, widely umbillcated, apex yellowish,

remainder o£ shell of a uniform dark brown colour ; whorls 6^,

slightly convex above, the last decidedly so below, first two

smooth, others with rather conspicuous and irregular oblique

strite, last whorl compressed and rounded at the keel ; aper-

ture very oblique, dark within ; peristome simple, sliglitly

thickened at basal and columellar portion.

Maj. diam. 20, alt. 8 mm.

Hah. Nias Island, N.W. Sumatra.

Chiefly characterized by its dark coloration and thickened

keel.

Trochomorjpha niasensiSj sp. n. (PI. IX. fig. 3.)

Shell rather thin, subtransparent, moderately umbilicated,

light yellowish brown, suture of lower whorls and keel of last

edged with dark brown ; whorls 6, very slightly convex

above, first one and a half smooth, others with oblique striae

or growth-lines; aperture whitish within, oblique; peristome

thin, somewhat thickened at columellar portion.

Maj. diam. 21, alt. 8 mm.

Hah. Nias Island, Sumatra.

This species differs from T. crassicarinata by its thinner

substance, lighter coloration, narrower umbilicus, and its

more rapidly increasing whorls, more especially noticeable on

a comparison of the last whorl.

Cochlostyla (Anixa) propitia^ sp. n.

(Pl.TX. figs. 4-6.)

Shell imperforate, solid, subglobosely depressed, upper

])art light reddish, the lower dark, covered with a lighter

yellowish-brown epidermis, which consists of oblique narrow

streaks crossed on the last whorl by more or less distinct,

narrow, interrupted bands of arrow-like markings; this

coloration is continued to a point just below periphery of last

whorl, the remainder of the underside being of a blackish-

brown colour; whorls nearly 5, moderately convex, suture of

lower whorls narrowly impressed, last whorl subangular and

descending slightly at its termination ; aperture suboval,

bluish white within ; peristome thickened and expanded,

slightly reflexed, blackish brown, except the upper expanded

columellar portion, which is whitish ; columella oblique,

thickened ; margins of peristome connected by a slightly

raised transparent callus.

151

new Species of Shells.

I\Taj. (liani. 40, alt. 30 mm.

Var. A (fig. 5). — Sharply keeled at the periphery. Maj.

diam. 40, alt. 26 mm.

Var. B (fig. 6). — Globose. Maj. diam. 30, alt. 28 mm.

JJab. Cebu Island, Philippines.

(= Moreleti, MlIdfF., non Pf., Berichb d. Senek. natur.

Gesellseh. 1890, p. 238.)

Tiiis shell has been distributed by MollendorfF and others

as Cochlostyla (^Anixa) Moreleti, Pf., but that s{)ecies is

(judging from the figure and description and specimens in

tiie British Museum) but a specimen of C. (Anixa) Mont-

fortiana, Pf., that has lost its epidermis.

C. propitia is closely allied to G. carhonaria, the chief

difference being that tlie former is a thicker shell with a

much lighter-coloured epidermis than tlie latter. G. propitia

is also much larger generally and broader in proportion to

height, and its peristome is more expanded ; but these cha-

racters are not constant in the large series under examination.

The great variation in the form of G. propitia is shown by

the three shells selected for description.

Ampliidromus cognatus, sp. n. (PI. IX. fig. 7.)

Shell sinistral, moderately solid, minutely perforate, smooth, ~

shining, whitish ground, covered on lower whorls by a bright

yellow periostracum ; whorls nearly 6, slightly convex, first

two dark reddish brown, remainder with dark bluish-grey,

narrow, spiral bands, one at tlie sulure and one above tlie

middle, tliree on the last whorl, one about 2 mm. wide at the

periphery, a similar one encircling the umbilicus, and a

narrow one about 2 mm. below the suture, lines of growth

rather conspicuous ; aperture subovate, white, with the outer

band showing clearly through ; peristome white, moderately

expanded.

Maj. diam. 17, alt. 31 mm.

Hah. ?

In the position of the colour-bands and their showing

clearly through the aperture this species greatly resembles

A, hemicyclus, Bochebrune, but the latter is much narrower

— so narrow tliat one almost doubts the correctness of the

dimensions given, viz. : long. 30, lat. 10 mm.

Amphidromus niasensis, sp. n, (PI. IX. fig. 9.)

Shell sinistral, moderately thin, finely obliquely striated,

nucleus of a semitransparent waxy colour, rest of shell witii

light reddish ground ornamented by rather broad oblique

152

lUr. II. C. Fulton on

stripes which are intersected in the middle by a narrow spiral

band of lighter colour ; the under part of last whorl has a

rather broad dark brown band situated just below the peri-

phery and a narrower one lower down, between which is a

yellow one, umbilical area reddish ; whorls 6, convex, rather

slowly increasing ; aperture with outer markings showing

through ; peristome slightly expanded, flesh-colour ; columella

vertical, flesh-coloured, rounded and slightly expanded at

point of insertion.

Maj. diam. 17, alt. 30 mm.

Tlab, Nias Island, Sumatra.

Although totally distinct in coloration, the details of this

species agree very closely with A. Sowerbyi\ but the whorls

of niasensis are slightly more coiivex and increase a little

slower in size than those of A. Sowerhyi.

It is also similar to pcecilochroa, Fult., in form and

markings, but is thinner and its wdiorls are more convex.

Amphidromus Sowerhyi^ sp. n. (PI. IX. fig. 10.)

Shell sinistral, thin, umbilicus almost closed, nucleus dirty

white with a brown spot at the apex ; lower whorls yellow,

with six narrow dark brown spiral bands on the middle

whorls, the last whorl having two broader bands in front, one

situated just below the periphery and the other a little lower,

umbilical area yellow', finely obliquely striated ; whorls 6|-,

moderately convex, rather slowly increasing ; aperture with

the outer bands showing through ; peristome very narrowly

expanded, w’axy colour ; columella vertical, narrowly expanded

at point of insertion.

Maj. diam. 17, alt. 31 mm.

Hah. Nias Island, Sumatra.

This new form bears a great resemblance in coloration and

markings to some of the varieties of Helix nemoralis, Linn.

The number of bands varies, one specimen before me having

only a single narrow peripheral band.

Named in honour of my esteemed and genial colleague,

G. B. Sowerby, Esq., F.L.S.

Amphidromus Webhi^ sp. n. (PI. IX. fig. 8.)

Shell sinistral, moderately solid, earlier whorls yellow,

fading to cream on lower wdiorls, with a broad lightish

chestnut band about 14 mm. wide encircling the last whorl

and continued as a narrow ever-diminishing band at suture of

penultimate whorl ; whorls 6|, moderately convex, with

inconspicuous oblique growth-lines, last ascending slightly at

153

neic Species of Shells.

its termination ; aperture subovate, white within ; peristome

rather broadly expanded and slightly reflected ; columella

vertical, expanded above.

Maj. diam. 31, alt. 51 mm.

Hab. Nias Island, Sumatra.

A handsome and distinct new form, which can be readily

separated from A. enganoensiSj Fult., by its much less convex

whorls and less broadly dilated columella.

Named in honour of Walter F. Webb, Esq., of Rochester,

New York.

Bidimulus [Protoqh/ptus) dejectus, sp. n.

(Pl.X. fig. 1.)

Shell very narrowly urabilicated, acuminately elongate,

rather thin, covered with yellowish-brown epidermis, wdiite

beneath, apical structure consisting of oblique, microscopic,

wrinkled or granular striae, lower part with inconspicuous

oblique striae or lines of growth crossed by close-set spiral

rows of minute hairs ; whorls 8, slightly convex, regularly

increasing, the last not deflected ; suture rather deep, simple;

aperture suboval, wfliite within ; peristome very slightly

expanded, broader at point of insertion of columellar portion,

margins joined by a thin transparent callus.

Maj. diam. 10, alt. 29 mm.

Hab. Santa Catharina [fide Linn^a Institute label).

The nearest species to this known to me is crepundia^ Orb.,

but that is readily separated by its less cylindrical form.

Drymceus volsusj sp. n. (PI. X. fig. 2.)

Shell elongately fusiform, minutely rimate, rather thin,

almost smooth to the eye, but under the lens the usual

Brymceus sculpture on nuclear whorls, while the lower-

whorls have oblique blunt costae or lines of growth crossed by

microscopic close-set spiral striae ; whorls 65, slightly convex,

first three and a half dirty white, lower with cream ground

ornamented by irregular, oblique, somewhat zigzag, dark

brown stripes which are broken by narrow white lines and

dots ; aperture oblong-oval, dark brown markings within ;

peristome rather broadly expanded, especially at the basal

portion, pale yellow ; columella narrow and cord-like,

entering spirally.

Maj. diam. 12J, alt. 30|- mm.

Hab. Ecuador.

I know of no other species wdth which to make a helpful

comparison.

154

Mr. II. C. Fulton uw

]\Ir. S. I. Da Costa, who has made a special study of this

^enus, is unable to identify it with any species known to

him.

riacostylus [Euplacostylm) cyUndricus. sp. n.

(PI. X. fig. 3.)

Shell elongate, almost imperforate, solid; spire reddish,

lower part covered by a greenish-brown cuticle; whorls 6J,

slightly convex, rather rapidly increasing, last two witli

longitudinal growth-lines, crossed on middle whorls by obscure

spiral lines, giving the appearance under the lens of a some-

what reticulated suif'ace, last whorl indistinctly malleated in

parts ; aperture ear-shaped, dirty white within ; peristome

thickened, expanded inwardly, wliite, outer edge yellowish,

margins connected by a thin callus, columella with a wdiite,

thick, spirally entering fold.

Maj. diam. 23, ait. 71 mm.

Peristome : maj. diam. 27, alt. 33 mm.

Ilah, Isabel Island, Solomons [Meek),

Separated from Seemani, Dohrn, by its narrow cylindrical

form, more rapidly increasing whorls, and much shorter

peristome.

From koroensis^ Garrett, to which it has some resemblance

in form, it can be easily distinguished by its larger size and

dark-coloured epidermis. Of the three specimens before me

none appear to have the punctures found on the spiral whorls

of the two above-mentioned species ; but that character may

have been worn off.

Stenogyra [Euonyma) Beckeri, sp. n.

(PL X. fig. 7.)

Shell elongately fusiform, moderately thin, polished, sub-

transparent, nucleus whitish, lower whorls of a pale olive-

greenish colour ; apex obtuse, rounded ; whorls 12, slightly

convex, first three smooth, slowly and regularly increasing,

lower whorls with indistinct lines of growth, slightly crenu-

lated at the suture ; aperture oblong-oval ; columella slightly

curved, white, slightly expanded ; peristome continuous with

columella, thin.

Maj. diam. 10, length 44 mm.

Length of aperture 9, width 5 mm.

11 ah. Pondoland [Dr. H. Becker').

Differs from S. Purcellij Melv. & Pons.* (the type of

^ Arm. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1901, vol. viii. p. 317, pi. ii. fig-. 0.

155

new Species of Shells.

wliicli is a young shell), by its broader form and more

rapidly increasing whorls. In Beckeri the first two whorls

are smooth, whereas in PurcelU they are distinctly crenulated

at the suture.

Tliis comparison was made with the type of PurcelU^ no\y

in the British Museum, and a young specimen of S. Deckeri.

In the description of S. PurcelU the species is characterized

as having no sculpture^ but that is not correct ; the figure also

gives one the idea of a broader form than that of the actual

type.

Leptopoma niasense^ sp. n. (PL X. fig. 6.)

Shell globosely conic, narrowly umbilicated, thin, sub-

transparent, very light brownish ground with darker-coloured

raised spiral striae, about 6 on middle whorls ; between these

are close-set microscopic spirals, a patch of darker brown at

umbilical area ; whorls 5, moderately convex, last subcarinate

in front; aperture circular, rather dark w'ithin ; peristome

expanded, whitish both front and back, margins approxi-

mating and joined by a thin callus ; operculum corneous,

thin, 8 whorls.

Maj. diam. 14, alt. mm.

Ilab. Xias Island, N.W. Sumatra.

Similar to L. pellucidumj Grat., but can be readily sepa-

rated by its slightly broader peristome and dark-coloured

umbilical area.

The species varies somewhat in coloration, some specimens

having patches of a smoke-colour and others being banded.

Cyclophorus iTheohaldius) Dautzenhergi. sp. n.

(PI. X. fig. 8.)

Shell depressed, spire plane, moderately solid, widely

umbilicated, dark brown, with rather distant oblique streaks

of lighter colour ; wdiorls 4|, convex, closely obliquely

striated, upper part of last whorl with five or six more or

less distinct spiral striae, which stop short on the penultimate

whorl, third of last whorl slightly and gradually descending ;

aperture circular, bluish white within ; peristome with

yellowish-white edge, surrounded by a dark-coloured flange,

giving the peristome a duplex appearance ; operculum

corneous, fairly solid, about 12 whorls.

Ma,j. diam. 25, alt. 10 mm.

Hah. Nias Island, N.W. Sumatra.

Bearing a likeness to the Ceylon species G. Layardij Ad.,

15G Mr. II. C. Fulton on

but easily distinguished by its flatter form and smaller

aperture.

Some speeirnens are almost a uniform brovvm, whilst others

are strikingly marked with yellowish-white, narrow, oblique

streaks.

Named after Mons. Ph. Dautzenberg, one of our most

esteemed conehologists.

CyclopJwrus {Cyclohelix) Kihleri^ sp. n.

(Pi. X. fig. 4.)

Shell turbinate, very narrowly umbilieated, very solid,

nueleus consisting of whorls, first one and a half smooth,

the next with rather distant curved stride, remainder of shell

with fine oblique striae, crossed by close-set microscopic

spirals which are waved on the underside of body-whorl, rich

dark brown colour, with numerous irregularly shaped spots

and streaks of lighter colour ; on the underside of shell the

markings take a more regular spiral pattern ; whorls 5^,

convex, the last a little flattened below ; aperture orange-

coloured within, very oblique, subirregularly oval; peristome

orange, well thickened, margins approaching and connected

by a transparent callus, columellar portion sloping towards

the right, with a blunt tooth-like projection about the middle;

operculum corneous, thin, about 8 whorls.

Maj. diam. 31^, alt. 27 ram.

Hab, Nias Island, N.W. Sumatra.

This shell is of a similar form to C. turho^ Chem., from

the Nicobar Islands, but cannot possibly be confused with

that or any other species of the genus known to me.

Cydotus niasensis, sp. n. (PI. X. fig. 9.)

Shell depressed, spire almost plane, apex dark coloured,

somewhat roughened and slightly exserted, rather thin,

covered with a somewhat thick closely striated epidermis ;

whorls 4^, moderately convex, last shortly and slightly

descending, suture deep ; aperture circular, bluish white

within; peristome with narrow outer flange; operculum

calcareous, whorls 9.

Maj. diam. 15, alt. 6 mm.

Hah. Nias Island, Sumatra.

The nearest to this known to me is C. discoideus^ but

C. niasensis is smaller, the peristome does not descend so far,

and the epidermis appears to be thicker.

/

7. Vnl.m. PLJX.

oI.'Ga?een del- et litK.

rl^:

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS

(J. Green del et lith.

LIBR/iRY

OF THt

UNlVEKSlTy ul ILLINOIS

new Species of Shells.

157

Alycceus [Chamah/cceus) Smithij sp. n.

(PI. X. fig. 6.)

Shell depressed-turbinate, dirty white, rather widely

umbilicated ; whorls 4, first smooth, remainder with oblique

striae which are rather widely spaced on first half of last

whorl, then suddenly become very close, widening out again

immediately before the strangulated portion, whicfi is situated

about one third of a whorl from the peristome, last whorl

sliortly descending; aperture circular; peristome rather

thick, duplex ; sutural tube ratlier long ; operculum thin,

whitish, concave, with 9 or 10 wdiorls.

j\Iaj. diam. 4, alt. 2 mm.

Hah. Mengtzu, Yunnan [fide Carl Bock).

Very like A. 'plicilabris ^ Molldff., but has no plicae on the

peristome, the striae immediately beliind the strangulation are

similar, but the striae on the earlier part of the whorl are

closer than in Mollendorff’s species.

From A. rathousianus^ Heude, it differs by being smaller,

has a more strongly produced duplex peristome, and its

sculpture on the last wdiorl is finer.

Named in honour of Edgar A. Smith, Esq., I.S.O.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate IX.

Fig. 1. Trochomorpha modesta.

Fig. 2. crassicarinata.

Fig. 3. niasensis.

Fig. 4. Cochlostyla propitiu.

Fig. 5. , var. A.

Fig. 6. , var. B.

Fig. 7. Amphidromus cognatus.

Fig. 8. Wehhi.

Fig. 9. niasensis.

Fig. 10, Sowerhxji.

Plate X.

Fig. 1. Bulimulus dejectus.

Fig. 2. Drgmcexis volsus.

Fig. 3. Flacostglus cglindricus.

Fig. 4. Cgclophorus Kibleri.

Fig. 5. Algcceus Smithi.

Fig. 6. Leptopoma niasense.

Fig. 7. Stenoggra Beckeri.

Fig. 8. Cgclophorus Dautzenbergi.

Fig. 9. Cgclotus niasensis.

16S

Mr. II. C. Fulton on Papuina and Pupina.

XVII. — Notes on Papuina and Pupina.

By Hugh C. Fulton.

On the Identity of Papuina (Dendrotrochus) pumila, Falt.^

loith Dendrotrochus mentuni, Tledley.

Since tlie publication of P. pumila in the ^Journal of

Malacology/ 1905, vol. xii. p. 22, pi. 6. figs. 5 & 6, Mr. Chas.

Hedley has written me that it is probably his Dendrotrochus

mentuiUy described in the ‘ Records Australian Museum/

1899, p. 153, fig.

Unfortunately I had omitted to look up the subgenus

Dendrotrochus in the Record, only having looked for Papuina,

To make certain of the matter, I recently sent a co-type of

P . pumila to Mr. Hedley, who now informs me that it is

identical with his D. mentum ; my species therefore becomes

a synonym.

On Papuina Sellersi, Gox, and P. migratoria, Pfr,

Dr. Cox described P. Sellersi in the P. Z. S. 1876, p. 646,

pi. 52. fig. 9, and appears to have fixed no particular speci-

men as the type, but to have based the species on a number

of specimens ; the measurements of one specimen are given —

viz. : diameter, greatest 0’78, least 0*56, height 0*60 of an

inch/’ — but they do not agree with the figure given.

After examination of a number of specimens bearing a

label in Dr. Cox’s handwriting Typical P. Sellersi^ I can-

not separate it from Pfeiffer’s P. migratoria^ a species most

variable in form and coloration.

The two forms described as migratoria, Pfr., and Sellersi,

Cox, are linked closely together by specimens before me, which

show them to be one species having great variation in form

and coloration : some specimens are sharply carinated, whilst

others have the last whorl rounded; a few are quite imperforate,

whilst others are slightly perforate.

Coloration varies from specimens all white, except for a

narrow dark brown sutural band, to specimens of yellowish

ground with broad spiral bands.

All the varieties have inconspicuous oblique strise, crossed

on the lower whorls by oblique, forward descending wrinkles,

which vary in strength and are almost absent in the var.

leucophcea, Cox.

On Pupina Thomsoni, Forbes, and P. bidentata,

C. E. Beddoine.

After comparison of typical specimens of the above-

mentioned species, I am forced to the conclusion that P. hi

150

On a new Cij’prinovl Fish.

dentala is simply Thomsoni with the callus-folds situated at

the anterior area of the back of the shell more strongly

developed.

In a series of co-types from the collection of the late

Mr. C. E. Beddome there are some specimens entirely without

these foldsj and a selected series seems to demonstrate that

these folds are only fully developed in the last stage of

growth.

It is significant that in the description of P. hidentata there

was no comparison made with the obviously closely allied

P. Thomsoni.

XVIII. — Description of a new Cyprinoid Fishj Acheilo-

gnathus signifer, Korea, with a Synopsis of all the

known E,hodeina3. By L. S. Berg (St. Petersburg).

Acheilognathus signifer.

Cdosely allied to A. cyanostigma^ Jordan & Fowler, 1903,

from Japan (Lake Biwa), differing chiefly in coloration and

longer barbels.

No dark shoulder-spot above gill-opening, no longitudinal

band on body, neither on tail. Dorsal deep hrown^ with a

broad marginal whitish hand. Anal with several darker

longitudinal cross-bars. Ventral blackish.

D. II 8. A. II 8. L. 1. 36 j.

Teeth 5 — 5, not serrated. No spines in dorsal and anal.

Barbels present, rather long, somewhat more than half the

length of the eye, reaching to the vertical from the anterior third

of eye. Mouth small, subinferior. Maxillary reaching to the

nostrils. Depth of body 2| in its length (without caudal),

length of head 4 ; diameter of eye J length of head, slightly

less than interorbital space, equal to snout, in postorbital

space. Caudal peduncle 3j^ in body, twice as long as deep,

its depth 2| in that of body. Origin of dorsal somewhat

behind the root of ventrals, midway between end of snout and

root of caudal ; its end opposite to the third branched ray of

anal. Base of dorsal in body, height 6. Upper margin

of dorsal straight. Origin of anal below the posterior

dorsal rays; its base in body, its height 6^. Pectonds

not reaching ventrals, 5f in body ; ventrals 6, reaching origin

of anal. Lateral line slightly decurved ; 6 scales between

IGO

Mr. L. S. Berg on a

lateral line and middle of belly. Anus midway between

origin obthe ventrals and anal.

A single adult male (with two semicircular excrescences

on snout), measuring about 57 mm. (47 without caudal),

taken by the late O. Ilerz in Pungtung, Korea, in 1888.

Type specimen N. 10265 in the Zool. Mus. of the Acad, of

►Sciences at St. Petersburg.

The following is a synopsis of all the species known to me

of the group Rhodeinse * : —

I. Rhodeus, Agassiz, 1835.

Lateral line incomplete. No spine in dorsal and anal. Pharyngeal

teeth 5 — 5, not serrated. More than 7 branched rays in anal.

rt. No barbels; D. Ill 9-10, A. ITT 8-10,

1. 1. 34-40.

b. Third suborbital not more than half the

length of the eye. (Central Europe,

N.W. and S. Russia, Macedonia,

Anatolia, Caucasus, basin of Amur,

Manchuria f-)

Jih. sericeus (Pallas), 1776 { = Rh. amarus, Bloch, 1782).

bh. Third suborbital more than half

the length of the eye. (Southern

China.) Rh. sinensis, Gunther, 1868.

aa. Barbels present ; I). Ill 8, A. Ill 9,

1.1. 32; teeth 5 — 5 (not serrated?).

(Japan, Kiu-siu.) Rh. (?) oryzce, .Iordan & Seale, 1906 f.

II. Pararhodeus, gen. nov.

Lateral line incomplete. No spine in dorsal and anal. Pharyngeal

teeth 5 — 4, slij^htly serrated. D. II 7, A. Ill 6, 1. 1. 48-49. — A single

species : P. syriacus (Lortet), 1883. (Syria, Damascus.)

III. Achbilognathus, Bleeker, 1860.

Lateral line complete. Pharyngeal teeth 5 — 5, not serrated. Barbels

present or absent. Spine in dorsal and anal absent or present.

A. Barbels present. No spine in dorsal and

anal.

a. Shoulder with a more or less distinct

* Messrs. Jordan and Fowler (Prcc. U.S. N. Mus. xxvi. 1903, pp. 812,

822) refer Capoeta elonyata, Schl., and C. gracilis, Schl., to the group

Rhodeinae (“teeth one-rowed”). Although Schlegel does not indicate

the dentition of these species, Bleeker (Atlas ichth. iii. 1863, p. 117 ;

Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk. ii. 1865, p. 138), who has had specimens from Japan,

states that they are three-rowed, 1.3. 5 — 5 .3.1 (“ dentes raptatorii ”)

as in Barhince, which induced Dr. Gunther (Cat. Fish. vii. 1868, p. 136)

to refer the Bleekerian genus Gnathopogon to Barbus.

t A very remarkable instance of an interrupted distribution : not yet

known from Siberia.

\ Scarcely belonging to this genus.

new Cijpruioid Fish.

lOL

ilark shoulder-spot

openiiii:

above gill-

h. Barbels short, about half the length

of the eye ; shoulder-spot and lateral

band very distinct. 1). Ill 10,

A. In 10. (Japan.) A. limbatus (Schlegel), 1846.

hb. Barbels more than half tlie length

of the eye ; shoulder-spot and lateral

band indistinct or absent. D. Ill 9,

A. Ill 9. (Japan.) A. lanceolatus (Schlegel), 1846.

au. Shoulder without dark spot above

gill-opening.

c. Barbels short, not more than half the

length of the eye.

d. A longitudinal dark band ; dorsal

with several darker longitudinal

cross-bars ; anal dark, with a

broad marginal whitish band.

Maxillary barbel very short.

B. Ill 8, A. Ill 8, 1. 1. 39.

(Japan.) A. cyanostigma, Jordan & Fowler, 1903.

dd. No longitudinal dark band ;

dorsal dark, with a broad mar-

ginal white band ; anal with

several darker longitudinal cross-

bars. D. II 8, A. II 8, 1. 1. 36.

Maxillary barbel about half the

eye. (Korea.) A. signifer, Berg, 1906.

cc. Barbels long, as long as eye. A

longitudinal dark band along the

middle of tail ; lower half of dorsal

with a series of blackish dots ;

I). II 9, A. II 11-12, 1. 1. 34. (For-

mosa.) A, himantegus, Giinther, 1808.

AA. Barbels present. Spine in dorsal and

anal present.

e. I). II 11, A. II 9, 1. 1. 36; depth 2^ in

length of body, snout shorter thai

eye. (Shanghai.) . A. barhatulusj Gunther, 1873.

ce. D. Ill 11-13, A. Ill 11, 1. 1. 35-36 ;

depth 2J—2i in length of body ; snout

as long as eye ; a dark blue spot

above gill-opening. (Korea, Seoul.)

A. coreanuSf Steindachner, 1892.

AAA. Barbels absent *.

f. Dorsal and anal without spine.

D. II 14-15, A. II 14-15, 1. 1. 35-38.

(Japan, L. Biwa.) A. lonyipinnis, Regan, 1905.

ff. Dorsal and anal with spines.

D. Ill 12-13, A. Ill 10, 1. 1. 35-36.

(Basin of Amur, L. Khanka or [Dyb.l, 1872.

Hanka.). . A. chankaensis (Dybowski) { = Devario chankaensiSf

* Acheilognathus mesemh'inum, Jordan & Evermann (Proc. U.S. N.

M. XXV. 1902, p. 323, fig. 6), from Formosa, apparently does not belong

to the Rhodeinae.

Ann. (k Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix.

11

162

Mr. L. S. Borg on a

IV. Paracheilognathus, Bleeker, 1863.

Lateral line complete. Pharyngeal teeth 5 — 5, deeply serrated. No

spine in dorsal and anal.

a. Barbels (veiy minute) present ; mouth

inferior ; D. II 14, A. Ill 10, 1. 1. 37-38.

Head 4g in length of body, depth 2|,

eye 4 in head. (Japan.) P. rhombeus (Schlegel), 1840.

aa. No barbels; month oblique.

b, 13. II 10, A. II 12, 1. 1. 35. Head 4 in

length of body, depth 3, eye 3 in

head. (China.) [berbis, Gthr.).

P. imberbis (Giinther), 1868 { — Achilognathus im-

bb. D. Ill 13-14, A. Ill 10-11, 1. 1. 35.

Head 4 in length of body, depth 2^,

eye 2f in head. ( Yang-tse-kiang,

Tien-tsin.). . . . P. Bleekeri, n. n. ( = P. imberhis, Bleeker, 1871,

[non Achilognathus imberbis, Giinther^).

V. PsEUDOPERiLAMPus, Bleeker, 1863.

Lateral line incomplete. Pharyngeal teeth 5 — 5, deeply serrated.

No spine in dorsal and anal. No barbels.

a. H. HI 10-11, A. Ill 10-11, 1. 1. 55-65.

(Japan.) P. typus, Bleeker, 1863.

aa. D. Ill 11-12, A. HI 10-11, 1. 1. 33-34.

(Shanghai, Y'ang-tse-kiang.) P. 06W/a^ws,Kner, 1865-67.

VI. Acanthorhodeus, Bleeker, 1871.

Lateral line complete. Teeth deeply serrated. Spine in dorsal and

anal present. Barbels present or absent.

a. Barbels present.

D. Ill 17-18, A. Ill 12-1.3, 1. 1. 35 ; head 5 in

length of body, depth 2^. (Yang-tse-

kiang.) A. macropterus, Bleeker, 1871.

H. Ill 17-18, A. Ill 13-14, 1. 1. 36-40 ; head

4|-4^ in length of body, depth 2-2|.

(Yang-tse-kians: ; Shanghai.) A. Guichenoti, Bleeker, 1871.

D. Ill 17, A. Ill 13-14, 1. 1. 34 head 4| in

length of body, depth 2^. (China ;

Swatow.) A, dicmis, Butter, 1898.

D. Ill 15, A. HI 11, 1. 1. 36; head 4 in length

of body, depth 2. (Upper Tonkin.) A. tonkinensis, Vaillant, 1892.

aa. Barbels absent.

D. HI 14-15, A. HI 12-1.3, 1. 1. 30. (Yang-

tse-kiang.) A. hypselonotus, Bleeker, 1871.

D. II 12-13, A. II 10-11, 1. 1. 35. (Shanghai.).

A. atranalis, Gunther, 1873.

D. II 16-17, A. II 13-14, 1. 1. 35-36 ; second

suborbital twice as long as deep ; dorsal

* Cf. Gunther, Zool. Becord, 1871, p. 107.

1G3

new Cyprinoid Fish.

and anal twice as long as high. (Shang-

hai.) A. tcBniatialis, Gunther, 1873.

D. III. 16-18, A. Ill 12-14, 1. 1. 36-39 ; second

suborbital about as long as deep ; dorsal

and anal less than twice as long as high.

(Lower Amur, Ussuri.) A. Asmussi (Dybowski), 1872

[_{=Devario Asmussi^ Dyb.).

XIX. — Description of a new Cyprinoid Fish, Paraleacogobio

notacanthus, N. China. Bj L. S. Berg (St. Peters-

burg).

Paraleucogobio, gen. nov.

Allied to Leucogohio, Gunther, from which it differs in

having the dorsal provided with a spine and inserted behind

'centrals.

Body compressed, deep ; scales large, about 35 in lateral

line; lateral line in the middle of body, anteriorly slightly

decurved, posteriorly straight. Dorsal short, with 7 branched

rays and with a strong, but flexible at the top, spine, in-

serted a little behind origin of ventrals, nearer to end of

snout than base of caudal. Anal short, with 6 branched

rays, wnthout spine, its origin beyond the end of dorsal,

nearer to base of ventrals than to caudal. Anus a little before

origin of anal. Breast scaled. Belly not keeled. Mouth

small, anterior : jaws of equal length ; lower without tubercle,

its edge somewhat trenchant, semilunar. Hind margin of

maxillary reaching the vertical of the middle between

nostrils. Tip of snout about on the level of the lower margin

of eye. Lips thin, the lower interrupted at the symphysis.

A minute barbel at the angle of mouth, equal to | of the

diameter of eye, not reaching the vertical of front margin of

eye. Preorbital reaching the eye. Suborbitals long, narrow.

Gill-membranes attached to isthmus below the hind margin

of eye. Peritoneum silvery, with some black points. Pha-

ryngeal teeth two-rowed, 2 . 4 — 5 . 3, compressed, subuncinate;

upper teeth of the longer series conical.

Faraleucogohio notacanthus^ sp. n.

D. II 7. A. Ill 6. Lin. lat. 34 37.

Snout blunt ; interorbital space convex. Back behind

nape flattened. Pectorals not reaching ventrals, ventrals not

11*

1G4

lyir. G. K. Glide on a new

reacliing anus. Upper margin of dorsal and anal straight.

First unarticulated ray of dorsal about | of second (the

longest). Scales with radial striae. 5 longitudinal series of

scales between lateral line and middle of belly. Depth of

body 3| in length (without caudal) ; length of head 4|-.

Depth of head in its lengthy width IJ ; eye 3*8 in length

of head, 1‘4 in interorbital space, 1*2 in length of snout, 1*8

in postorbital part of head. Caudal peduncle 4*8 in body,

1’6 as long as deep, its depth 2*3 in that of body. Length

of dorsal 7 in body, height 5*2; length of anal 10‘1, height

7'0 ; length of pectoral 5*4, of ventral 5*8. Pectoral in

distance from its base to origin of ventral ; ventral \\ in

distance from its base to origin of anal. Antedorsal space

2 in body, postdorsal 2|.

Total length of a single specimen (mature female) about

95 mm. (without caudal 81 mm.).

In general shape resembles Leucogohio tcematus^ Gunther,

in colour Leuc. Herzensteini^ Gunther. Many longitudinal

dark bands along the sides of body ; a rather broad blue

band above the lateral line. Each scale of the lateral line

with two dark spots (as in Alburnus hipunctatus) . Dorsal

wdth two series of dark spots.

Taken in a rivulet, Je-hol, at Cheng-tu-fu (or Je-hol),

tributary of Lu-ang-ho (N.E. of Pekin), by Colonel D.

Putiata in May 1901. Type specimen N. 9873 in the ZooL

Mus. of the Acad, of Sciences at St. Petersburg.

XX. — Description of a new Species of Eulota from Formosa,

By G. K. Gude, F.Z.S.

Eulota [Euhadra') Warhurgij sp. n.

(Figs. 1 & 2.)

Shell narrowly umbilicated, conoid, shining, finely irregu-

larly striated, with obsolete shallow spiral furrows here and

there; chalky white, with one distinct, narrow, yellowish-

brown band at the periphery and a fainter one above and

below, the upper one very indistinct. Spire depressed- conoid,

suture deep, apex prominent. Whorls nearly 6, increasing

slowly and regularly, convex above and at the periphery,

slightly flattened below ; last whorl scarcely descending in

front. Aperture little oblique, subovate ; peristome thick-

ened and expanded, but slightly reflexed ; margins distant,

Species of Eulota from Formosa. 165

columellar margin strongly thickened and reflexed, slightly

receding over tlie narrow deep umbilicus.

Diam. maj. 27, min. 23 ; alt. 18 mm.

Ilah. Dunes at Long-Krau, South Formosa (^Warburg

leg.^ Feb. 1888).

Type in my collection.

Fig. 1.

b

c

Professor G. Pfeffer, of the Naturhistorisches Museum,

Hamburg, kindly placed at my disposal three specimens of an

undescribed Eulota. All tlie shells appear to be sand-blown,

being denuded of cuticle. The second specimen has the bands

much fainter and is smaller, measuring: — diam. maj. 24,

min. 20 ; alt. 15*5 mm. The third specimen (fig. 2) is still

Fig. 2.

smaller, but has a more elevated spire than the type ; it

measures : — diam. maj. 21, min. 18’5 ; alt. 15*5 mm.

The new species is related to Eulota irrediviva^ Pils. & Hir.,

from Okino-erabu-shima, N.E. Loo-Choo, which it resembles

in the banding ; but tliat species is much larger, measuring

36 mm., although possessing only 5 whorls; in E. Warburgi

the whorls are more convex, the suture is deeper, and the

peristome is less reflexed.

Another near ally is E. ohinoerahuensisj Pils. & Hir. ; but

the new species differs from that shell in being more de?

pressed, smoother, and with weaker striae, in not being spirally

striated, and in having a wider umbilicus.

166

Mr. P. Cameron on Ilymenoptera

XX T. — On some undescribed Phytophagous and Parasitic

Ilymenoptera from the Oriental Zoological Region, By

P. Cameron.

For tlie species described in this paper 1 am indebted to

Col. C. T. Bingham.

TenthredinidaB.

Tentliredo lepchOf sp. n.

Luteous; the antennal scape in the middle above_, the

flagellum, the sixth to eighth and the sides of the ninth

abdominal segment broadly laterally, and the hind legs, except

the coxae and trochanters, black. Wings yellowish hyaline,

the apex from the end of the stigma fuscous, tinged with

violaceous; the apex of the hinder with a narrower luscous

cloud. ? .

Lengtii 16 mm.

Sikkim.

Smooth, shining; the face, clypeus, labrum, mandibles,

lower outer orbits, and base of legs pale yellow. The vertex

in the centre with a short black pile, the face, clypeus,

labrum, and base of mandibles sparsely covered with long

pale hair ; the thorax above thickly covered w’ith short

fuscous pubescence. Apex of clypeus broadly, roundly

incised ; the labrum punctured at the root of the hairs. Apex

of mandibles black. Upper half of the front with a wide

shallow depiession, W’hich is sparsely haired ; the lower with

a deeper, smooth, bare depression, the two parts being clearly

sepal ated ; they are bordered by a broad keel. Centre of

vertex (including the ocelli) bordered by a narrow^, but dis-

tinct, furrows H ead lai'ge, wider than the thorax, the temples

wide, rounded ; occiput sharply margined. The third and

fourth joints of the antenna? are almost of equal length ; the

antennae are densely covered with short stiff black pubescence,

^cutellum prominent, obliquely sloped at the base and

apex.

This species comes close to T. xanthoptera^ Cam.; the two

may be separated thus : —

Hind femora, base of hind tibiae, and apex of abdomen

liileous; the third joint of antennae distinctly longer

than the fointh ; the upper part of the frontal area

roundly curved outwardly, the sides distinct, reaching

to the outer ocelli, the apex of the lower part distinctly

obliquely narrowed xanihoytera.

167

from the Oriental Zoological Region,

Hind legs, except the coxee and trochanters, and the apical

segments of the abdomen black; the third joint of

the antennjB not distinctly longer than the fourth ;

the upper part of the frontal area not curved out-

wardly, the sides not distinctly keeled, not reaching

to the hind ocelli, the lower part not distinctly

obliquely narrowed lepcha.

Siobla ru/O’halfeataj sp. n.

Black, the head and mesonotam tinged with blue ; the

labruni, a line round the pronotum, narrowest in the middle,

the anterior tibiae in front and the outer side of the posterior,

white ; the second to sixth abdominal segments rufous.

Wings hyaline to the first transverse cubital nervure, smoky

violaceous beyond ; the nervures and stigma black. Head,

npper part of thorax, and legs densely covered with

white pubescence, the antennae thickly with stiff black

pubescence. $ .

Length 8 mm.

Yunzalin Valley, Upper Tenasserim ; November ((7. T.

Bingham) .

Front and vertex closely, finely punctured, shining; above

each antenna is a wide, deep furrow, roundly dilated above

and reaching halfway to the ocelli ; in the middle below is

a deep, slightly longer than wide, fovea; there is a wide,

deep furrow between the ocelli in the middle. Scutellum

minutely punctured. Cenchri large, white. The black on

the apex of the abdomen has a violaceous tint ; below it

extends on to the sides of the sixth segment. Middle lobe of

mesonotum furrowed, the furrow wide at the base, gradually

narrowed towards the apex. The middle of the vertex is not

bordered by furrows, the part behind the ocelli forming one

piece. Temples narrow ; occiput not quite transverse, being

slightly curved inwardly. The clypeus is more strongly

punctured than the rest of the head and becomes gradually

narrowed to a point. The third joint of the antennae is dis-

tinctly longer than the fourth ; it is also thinner, becoming

slightly dilated towards the apex; the apical four joints are

thicker than the others, they become gradually narrowed

towards the apex.

Selandria hasilineaia^ sp. n.

Black, slightly tinged with blue ; the clypeus, a narrow

line on the edge of the pronotum, a broader one on the apex

of the fiist abdominal segment, the apex of the middle coxae

1G8

Mr. P. Cameron on Ilymenoptera

narrowly, of the hinder broadly, tlie apieal joint of the middle

trochanters slightly, the greater part of the posterior, the

anterior tibia3 in front and the basal half of the four posterior

al'ove, white. Fore wings hyaline to near the stigma, the

rest fuscous ; the stigma, costa, and nervures black ; the hind

wings hyaline.

Length 9 mm.

Sikkim.

Antennae stout, densely covered with black, stiff pubes-

cence ; tapering towards the apex, thickened towards the

middle. Head slightly broader tlian the thorax; the temples

broad, rounded behind ; the front and vertex forming one

piece ; the ocellar region not bounded by furrows; there is a

deep, small, clearly defined, semicircular fovea in the middle

of the front below ; on each side, above it, is a smaller, less

distinct one, the three forming a triangle. Apex of clypeus

broadly rounded ; the pubescence on the front long, dense,

pale. Upper part of thorax almost bare, the sides and breast

bearing white pubescence. The second and following abdo-

minal segments, at the apex, are narrowly, obscurely lined

with white. The first transverse cubital nervure is faint in

the middle.

Allied to S. fuscinervis, Cam., and S. cceruleicepSy Cam.;

it may be known from both by the white clypeus and by the

Avhite band bordering the basal segment of the abdomen. It

is a broader species than either.

Chalcididae.

Oncochalcis marginiscutis, sp. n.

Black, densely covered with silvery pubescence, the apex

of all the femora, the four anterior tibiae, except the front

pair (which are marked with black broadly in the centre

behind) and the middle pair (which are similarly marked in

front and behind), the hinder broadly at the base and apex

behind (about one third), the larsi and the tegulae, bright

lemon-yellow ; wings hyaline, the nervures black. ? .

Length 6 mm.

Haundiaw Valley, Middle Tenasserim ; August [C, T.

Dingham).

►Sides of front longitudinally reticulated ; the vertex

covered with round, interlacing punctures. Face irregularly

rugosely punctured, with an aciculated space in the middle ;

the space wide in the middle, obliquely narrowed above and

below. Clypeus punctured somewhat strongly in the middle.

1G9

from the Oriental Zoological Region,

Labriim large, aciculated, depressed in the middle, almost

semicircular, the sides margined. Pro- and mesonotum and

scntellum closely, somewhat strongly punctured; tlie base of

))ronotum sligjitly projecting in the middle, the sides broadly

curved. Apex of scntellum broadly rounded, with a raised

margin, behind which is a crenulated furrow. Metanotum

coarsely reticulated, the areola longer than wide, the apical

half abru})tly widened, its apex almost transverse. In the

centre of the propleurse is a semicircular closely striated space,

proje cting into the punctured upper part, the sides irregularly

rnaiked with stout keels; at the bottom are two irregular

depressions. On the lower part of the smooth, flat base of

the metapleurse are three irregular, but distinct fovege, one

below^ the other, the upper longer than wide, ovoid, the lower

two wdder than long; the part below them coarsely, rugosely

punctured, more or less reticulated; the middle stoutly

striated, the striae distinctly separated and becoming weaker

below ; the apex projects and bears weak indications of striae.

Metapleurae closely, rugosely reticulated. Basal three seg-

ments of abdomen bare, shining; the fourth and fifth are

})unctured and covered with white pubescence at the apex ;

the sixth is large, strongly punctured and covered with white

pubescence. There are twelve teeth on the hind femora, the

apical stronger than the basal ; the apex of the hind tibiae

has a distinct projection, w'hich is curved and becomes

gradually narrowed.

Evaniidae.

Evania Binghamij sp. n.

Black, the antennal scape and the basal three joints of the

flagellum, mandibles, the fore legs, the middle except the

tarsi and the liind trochanters and femora, red; the head and

thorax closely covered with white hair, the thorax also more

densely wdth white pubescence ; the legs thickly with longer

hair, which is white on the coxae and trochanters, fuscous

on the rest. Wings hyaline, clouded in the discoidal cellule;

the costa, stigma, and nervures black, the apical nervures

pale. $ .

Length 7 mm.

Haundraw Valley, Middle Tenasserim ; August ((7. T.

Bingham) .

Face strongly striated, the striae clearly separated, con-

verging towards the centre below and with a stouter central

longitudinal keel. Sides of front strongly striated, the wider

170

Mr. P. Cameron on Tlymenoptera

central part smootli, with a stout keel down tlie middle; the

malar space strongly, obliquely striated and with some

})uncturcs. Eyes prominent, very slightly converging above,

separated from the mandibles by their own length. Temples

short, oblique ; the occiput margined, transverse. Base of

thorax transverse, the sides of pronotum oblique. Pro- and

mesonoluin coarsely, rugosely punctured ; the apex of the

latter with widely separated keels enclosing depressions.

Scutellum stoutly reticulated-punctured. Median segment

with large, round, deep reticulations; the apical slope de-

pressed in tlie middle at the apex, thickly covered with white

pubescence. Propleurse with longitudinal keels, with a large

ibvea between them at the apex ; the meso- and metapleurm

closely reticulated, the upper basal half of the former smooth,

bare, and shining, and having the top bordered by an area

with four stout keels, of which the anterior pair are closer to

each other and converge below. Metasternal process stout,

the basal part long, broad, the apical forks roundly diverging.

Abdomen shining, the petiole irregularly striated at the base,

the middle witli deep punctures. Hind coxa?, except at the

enlarged base, stoutly punctured ; the trochanters and femora

with scattered punctures ; the tibia? more strongly, closely,

rugosely punctured, their calcaria rufo-fulvous, the long spur

not reaching to the middle, more than one third of the length

of the metatarsus; the tarsal joints with rufous spines at the

apex; the metatarsus sparsely spinose. The transverse

median nervure is interstitial. The antennse are shorter and

thicker than usual, especially beyond the middle of the

flagellum. Tlie ocelli are almost in a line, the anterior hardly

projecting beyond the posterior ; these are separated from

eacli other by a distinctly greater distance than they are

from the eyes.

The legs and antennse are shorter and stouter than usual.

Braconida).

Iphiaulax domdamiensis^ sp. n.

Luteous, the antennse and ocellar region black. Wings

yellowish hyaline to the parastigrna, the yellow forming a

triangular cloud in the lower basal part of the first discoidal

cellule ; the first cubital cellule for the greater part hyaline,

slightly tinged with yellow ; the basal two thirds of the hind

wings yellowish hyaline. Basal lour segments of abdomen

as long as the head and thorax united, hardly wider than the

thorax, smooth, except the second segment, wdiich is strongly

171

from the Oriental Zoological Begion.

striated to the lateral depressions, and the third, which is

tinely closely striated to the beginning of the lateral furrows,

the strijB extending to near the middle. There is a

distinct keel down the middle of tlie second segment, with a

small, smooth, triangular plate at the base. Suturiform

articulation closely crenulated, the apical lateral branch

smooth ; there is a smooth curved furrow at the base of the

fourth segment in the middle ; there are no lateral apical

furrows. The hind tarsi are black from near the middle of

the basal joint. Temples broad, rounded, slightly narrowed ;

the occiput transverse. The ocellar black spot is rounded

behind ; in front it is gradually narrowed and reaches

close to the antennae ; there is a distinct furrow down the

front. Ocelli browm, the anterior lighter coloured than the

posterior. $ .

Length 13, terebra 9 mm.

Domdami Valley, Middle Tenasserim ; September ((7. T.

Binghani).

The apex of metanotum and the second and third abdo-

minal segments are suffused wdth fuscous. Face smooth,

with sparse black longish hairs. Tips of mandibles black.

Second cubital cellule about two and a quarter times longer

than wdde ; the recurrent nervure is received shortly behind

the cubital.

Iphiaulax liaundrawensis^ sp. n.

Luteous; occiput, vertex, upper half of front, a line

leading from this black part to each antenna, antennje, three

broad lines on the mesonotuin (the central shorter and broader

than the lateral, which extend from near the base to the

scutellum), the third and following segments of the abdomen

and laige spots on the ventral, the apical two thirds of the

hind tibite, their calcaria, and the tarsi, black. Wings

yellow'ish hyaline to near the base of the stigma, the yellow

extending beyond the lower part of the transverse basal and

the transverse median nervure and the basal half of the

hind wings ; the rest fuscous, except the usual hyaline spots

below the stigma ; the costa, except at the apex, and the

stigma to shortly beyond the middle, pale luteous. $ .

Length 11, terebra 3 mm.

Haundraw Valley, Middle Tenasserim; August ((7. T,

Bingham).

Abdomen as long as the head and thorax united and

broader than them ; longish oval ; the first segment stoutly

keeled in the middle, the sides with a few irregular stout

172

Mr. P. Cameron on Jlymenopiera

striae ; the second segment clearly wider than long, it^

cejitre stoutly longitudinally striated, without a smooth

basal area and keel ; the suturiform articulation irregularly

striated, the sides smooth and triangularly dilated ; there is a

distinct crenulated furrow on the base of the fourth and fifth

segments and a smooth one on their apices ; the pubescence

on the basal two segments is pale fulvous, on the others

black, on the apical dense ; the apices of the sixth and seventh

have a narrow pale border. Wings ample; the recurrent

nervure is interstitial ; the second cubital cellule is three

times longer than wide.

Ipliiaulax stramineuSj sp. n.

Pale yellow, the lobes of the mesonotum broadly pale

brown ; the antennte, centre of front broadly, the vertex

broadly in front, entirely behind to near the middle of the

outer orbits, and the occiput, black ; the face and orbits pale

yellow. Wings yellowish hyaline to the lower part of the

transverse basal nervure ; beyond fuscous violaceous, with

the usual hyaline spots below the base of stigma; the

fuscous cloud in the hind wings is broadest behind ; the

stigma is yellow to the commencement of the radius. The

middle of the first abdominal segment, the second entirely,

and the basal two thirds of the third are closely longitudinally

striated ; there is no area on the base of the second segment,

it being there striated like the rest of the segment. ? .

Length 13, terebra 4 mm.

Haundraw Valley, Middle Tenasserim ; August.

Abdomen elongate-oval, the basal three segments as long

as the thorax ; suturiform articulation wide, deep, crenu-

lated ; there is a narrower but distinct crenulated furrow on

the base of the fourth ; there are no apical furrows. Meta-

iiotum thickly covered with longish wliite pubescence. The

second cubital cellule fully three times longer than wide.

Tills species is related to I. spilocephaius, Cam., but is

much paler in colour, the abdomen longer and narrower,

and the second cubital cellule much longer.

Iphiaulax hurmaensisy sp. n.

Eufo-luteous, the flagellum of antenme black. The wings

yellowish hyaline, the apex with a narrow pale fuscous

border ; the base of first cubital cellule with a small black

square cloud, reaching to the base of the stigma ; the costa,

stigma, and nervures bright luteous. The raised middle of

173

from the Oriental Zoological Region*

first abdominal segment closely, strongly, longitudinally

striated, with a distinct keel down the centre ; the basal two

thirds of the second closely, somewhat strongly, irregularly,

more or less obliquely striated, and without a basal defined

area. ^ .

Length 11, terebra 9 mm.

vShwegyin, Lower Burma; November (C. T. Bingham).

This species is remarkable for the asymmetry of the furrows

on the second abdominal segment; they are not placed oppo-

site each other, that on the left side, looking from the head,

being near the middle and straight, oblique ; the other is

near the apex and is roundly curved, the part beyond it is

closely striated, that on the opposite side to it at the apex is

smooth ; beyond it is a narrow, deep, closely striated furrow,

from which the following segments become gradually

narrowed. Parapsidal furrows indicated on basal slope only ;

the apex of mesonotum flat. Temples roundly narrowed ; the

occiput slightly roundly incised. Face sparsely punctured

laterally, each puncture with a longish black hair. Pubes-

cence moderately dense, fulvous. Wings longer than the

body, the second cubital cellule as long as the third, the

transverse median nervure not quite interstitial, the re-

current nervure received near the apex of the first cubital

cellule.

Iphiaulax lineaticarinatus^ sp. n.

Luteous, the flagellum of antennas black. The wings

yellowish hyaline, the costa, stigma, and nervures luteous;

the parastigma and apex of stigma black ; a black cloud at

the base of the stigma, oblique, slightly narrowed in front,

extending to the recurrent nervure, which it covers ; a broad

lighter-coloured band on the apex, commencing near the base

of the radial and second cubital cellules, broader and deeper

tinted behind ; there is a similar apical cloud in the hind

wings. Smooth, shining; a distinct narrow keel of equal

width down the middle of the first and second segments and

a less distinct one down the third ; there is a broad depression

down the sides of the second segment, curved, narrowed and

oblique on the inner side of the base ; there is a distinctly

defined smooth furrow on the basal half of the third ; the

suturiform articulation wide, crenulated. Temples wide,

obliquely narrowed ; the occiput rounded inwardly, the sides

broadly rounded. Face covered with long black hair.

Clypeus clearly separated, forming a distinct semicircle.

First abdominal segment twice longer than it is wide' at the

174

Mr. P. Cameron on Ihjmenoptera

apex, the second longer than wide, the others wider than

long ; the transverse median nervure not quite interstitial. $ .

Length 15 mm.

Sikkim.

This species is closely related to /. hhotanensis^ Cam.; that

may be known, inter alia, by the absence of a middle keel

on the third segment, by the much weaker keel on the first,

and by the keel on the second being triangularly dilated at

the base.

Also to 1. pauperatiiSj Cam. ; tliat has the keel on the

second abdominal segment dilated at the base, and it does

not reach to the apex of tlie segment ; the space on either

side of it is obliquely striated, not perfectly smooth as in the

present species.

Ipliiaulax sikkimensisj sp. n.

Luteous, the abdomen darker coloured, the antennae black.

The wings yellowish hyaline to near the top of the transverse

basal nervure, dark fuscous beyond, the base of the discoidal

cellules being yellowish ; the basal half of the stigma yellow ;

the area on base of second abdominal segment narrow, longish,

gradually narrowed, running into the keel, stoutly longitu-

dinally striated. Abdomen longish oval, broader than the

thorax; the basal three segments stoutly longitudinally

striated, the striae strongest on the first. Temples broad,

roundly narrowed, tbe occiput transverse. ? .

Length 12, terebra 4 mm.

Sikkim.

Face sparsely punctured, covered with long bright fulvous

hair. Front and vertex smooth, sparsely haired. Basal

half of mandibles luteous, the apical black. The depression

on the base of the second segment is closely obliquely

striated; the striae on the middle of the segment are strong

and intertwine. The basal two abscissae united are as long

as the third ; the second cubital cellule is fully three times

longer than wide along the cubitus.

Comes near to 7. spilopteriiSj Cam.

Iphiaulax Hooker sp. n.

Luteous, the head paler, more yellowish in tint ; a large

broad mark on the front, extending backwards to shortly

behind the ocelli, where it is narrowed and rounded ; the

third and following segments of the abdomen, tbe bind tibiae

from near the base, the hind tarsi, the hind spurs, and the

antennae black. Wings yellowish hyaline to tbe top of the

175

from the Oriental Zoological Region.

transverse basal nervure, blackish fuscous beyond ; the stigma

black. Abdomen smooth ; the apex of first segment finely

striated in the middle, the second much more strongly and

irregularly striated ; the keel large, the basal half roundly

narrowed, smooth, the apex gradually narrowed to a point,

followed by a keel nearly as long as the dilated basal part,

and which does not quite reach to the apex of the segment;

it is bordered in the middle by five or six stout oblique

strise, the parts surrounding the base and apex being

smooth. Suturiform articulation deep, closely stoutly crenu-

lated ; there is a curved lateral branch, which is not quite

so strongly crenulated ; the sides of the segment irregularly

roughened. $ .

Length of body and ovipositor 13 mm.

Sikkim.

Head large, cubital ; the temples longer than the eyes,

slightly rounded, not narrowed ; the occiput transverse.

Face distinctly sparsely punctured ; the clypeus is separated

from it by a distinct curved furrow, laterally by a depression

in which is a round distinct fovea. Mandibles black, except

at the base. Palpi testaceous, covered with white hair.

Antennal scape slightly more than twice longer than wide,

slightly dilated at the apex below. Recurrent nervure inter-

stitial. First abdominal segment clearly longer than the

second, about one fourth longer than it is wide at the apex.

Malar space about one fourth shorter than the length of the

eyes.

Iphiaulax Camphelli^ sp. n.

Black ; the head, the prothorax, the mesonotum laterally

at the base, a line bordering the middle lobe, the centre

broadly from behind the middle to the apex, and a large

oblique mark below the fore wings testaceous ; a mark

bordering the sides of the scutellum and a broad line on the

lower part of the mesopleuise rufous ; the first abdominal

segment, except for a mark, longer than broad, in the centre

at the apex and the ventral surface, pale testaceous. Legs

black ; the anterior apical joint of middle trochanters, the

apical half of middle femora, a streak in their middle above,

and the base of middle tibiae testaceous. Wings almost

hyaline; the stigma black, testaceous in front and at the base

behind, the costa and nervures black ; the recurrent nervure

received shortly before the first transverse cubital. $ .

Length 8, terebra 3 mm.

Sikkim.

17G

Mr. P. Cameron on Hymenoptera

Abdomen longisli ovate, in tlie middle clearly wider than the

thorax, which is equal to it in length ; its first segment a little

longer than it is wide at the apex ; the central part gradually

roundly narrowed from the apex to the base, longer than

wide ; the apical half with a central keel, widest at the base;

from it stout strise radiate towards the apex. The central

part of the second segment is irregularly longitudinally

reticulated-striated, the sides finely rugose, intermixed with

strife and punctures ; the suturiform articulation deep, closely

crenulated, without an apical lateral branch ; tlie other

segments opaque, alutaceous. The sixth and apical segments

are whitish testaceous. Antennal scape fully three times

longer than wide. The base of the cubitus is straight and

runs parallel with the costa before curving down towards the

first transverse cubital nervure.

Iphiaidaxl tenasserirmnsis, sp. n.

Luteous, the flagellum of the antennae black. The wings

yellowish hyaline, the nervures and stigma luteous ; the apex

of the fore wing from the radius with a narrow smoky border,

the hind wings with the apical third smoky ; there is a

square blackish cloud between the transverse basal nervure

and the base of the stigma, the costa at its apex being also

black. The first abdominal segment, except the basal slope,

the second entirely, and the third to near the middle, closely,

finely, longitudinally striated. ? .

Length 13, terebra 7 mm.

Domdami Valley, Middle Tenasserim ; October {Bingham).

Smooth, except on the basal abdominal segments, densely

covered with fulvous pubescence, except on the face, where

it is long, sparse, and blackish. Abdomen nearly twice the

length of the thorax, not dilated in the middle, as wide as the

thorax ; the suturiform articulation wide, deep, striated ; the

other furrows narrow, smooth, indistinct. The third abscissa

of radius is nearly as long as the basal two united. Temples

broad, roundly narrowed ; the occiput transverse. Meso-

notum flat behind, the furrows distinct in front. There is no .

depression on the sides of the second segment; there is a

short, broad, curved furrow on the sides of the third.

Ichneumonidae.

Tryphoninje.

Ciiltrarius purpureotinctas^ sp. n.

Black, the apical three segments of the abdomen purple ;

the edges of the facial shield (the top more narrowly), the

177

from the Oriental Zoological Region.

upper eye-orbits below, and tlie underside of the antennal

scape yellow ; the flagellum of antennae brownish below; the

underside of the four anterior tibiae and tarsi, the hind

femora, a mark on the sides of the first abdominal segment,

a broader continuous band on the apices of the second and

third, and one on the lateral fourth of the fourth dark red ;

the genital armature large, rufo-testaceous. Wings hyaline,

very iridescent, the radial cellule and the apical half of the

third cellule smoky. .

Length 14 mm.

Takvar, Darjiling, 4000 feet; April {G. T. Bingham),

Head somewhat strongly but not very closely punctured ;

the lower part of the face, outside the shield, and the clypeus

fully more strongly and more closely punctured ; the occiput

and temples smooth, densely covered with white pubescence.

Pro- and mesothorax strongly closely punctured, the pleurae

more strongly than the top; thescutellum still more strongly

punctured, its basal depression wide, deep, with five stout

keels ; the end of the apical slope striated. Postscutellum

densely covered with long white hair. Areola 6-angled,

clearly longer than it is wide at the base, the apical half

narrowed, the apex half the width of the base : it has a

raised smooth line in the centre ; the rest irregularly wrinkled ;

there is a large lateral area, wider than long, its apex broadly

rounded, the centre with some large punctures, the apex

with a few striae, the apical slope closely rugosely punc-

tured. Metapleurae more strongly punctured than the rest,

the punctures larger and more widely separated than on the

inesopleurae. Abdomen closely strongly punctured ; the first

segment raised in the middle, the raised part bordered by

keels, which are higher and rounded at the base and depressed

in the middle ; the second and fifth segments are indistinctly

keeled in the middle, the third and fourth have a more

distinctly defined central keel which projects on the apex of

the third; the apical two segments are densely covered with

short black hair. Mesopleural furrow wide, deep. Areolet

large, the nervures not uniting in front ; the recurrent nervure

received in the middle. Scutellum uniformly punctured;

the lateral teeth large, triangular. Fore calcaria testaceous,

the others white.

Cultrarius areolatiiSj sp. n.

Length 10 mm. .

Sikkim.

This species resembles closely C. purpnreotmetus in colora-

Ann. ^ Mag, N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. , 12

178 Mr. P. Cameron on ITymenoptera

tion ; tlie differences between them may be expressed

thus : —

Areola clearly longer than wide, G-angled, the apical

half obliquely narrowed, the apex transverse, the

lateral area strongly punctured ; scutellum with-

out a deep furrow in the middle ; the keels on the

centre of the first abdominal st'gment not uniting

at the apex, straight ; arc olet not appendiculated ;

the hind femora rufous piirpureotincfus.

Areola as long as wide, not angled, its apex broadly

rounded, the lateral area smooth ; scutellum with

a deep furrow in the middle ; the keels on first

abdominal segment roundly curved and uniting .

at the apex ; the areolet shortly appendiculated ;

the hind femora black areolatus.

The coloration is the same otherwise, except that the

purple tint on the abdomen commences on the second segment,

that the scutellar keels are yellow, and that the lines on the

second to fifth abdominal segments are narrower, of more

uniform thickness, and more yellowish in colour. The

puncturation is pretty much the same ; on the second seg-

ment of the abdomen it is stronger and more irregular, that

segment, too, being shorter compared with the width ; the

keels on the second to fourth segments are narrow, but

distinct. The calcaria are all whitish. The abdomen is

shorter, too, compared with the thorax.

Opuionin^.

Eyiiscospilus xanthocephalus^ sp. n.

Luteous ; the head pale yellow. The wings hyaline, the

nervures black, the stigma testaceous : there are two horny

points, the basal large, broad and tiansverse at the base; the

base above narrow^, transverse ; from there it becomes

gradually roundly narrowed to a fine point at the apex ; the

second point is close to the middle of the basal abscissa of

the radius ; it is longish, narrow, roundly curved towards the

radius. Scutellum distinctly keeled laterally from the base

to the apex ; the basal half smooth, the apical finely, closely,

longitudinally striated. Base of metanotuin smooth ; the

depression with some stout stride ; the rest is stoutly striated,

the striae clearly separated ; in the centre of the base is a

short straight stria ; the striae at the sides of this are longi-

tudinal and straight at the base, then curving out obliquely

to the sides; the striae on the apical slope are roundly curved

from side to side. The centre of propleurae finely obliquely

striated ; the lower half of the mesopleurae longitudinally

179

from the Oriental Zoological Region.

striated, tlie strlje weaker above and all clearly separated.

Base of radius broadly curved downwards; the discocubital

nervure broadly roundly curved, but not much, at the apex,

its apex widely distant from the commencement of the apical

abscissa of the radius. $.

May be known from E. reticulatus^ Cam., and E. striatus,

Cam., from the Khasias, by the wings having two horny

points in addition to the other differences.

Length 27 mm.

Haundraw Valley, Middle Tenasserim ; August (0. T.

Bingham) .

Cryftinj!.

Melcha ornatipennis^ sp. n.

Black ; the scutellum, median segment entirely, the apex

of mesopleurte, base of first abdominal segment to shortly

beyond the middle, all the femora, and the four hinder coxae

red ; the four anterior tibiae and the fore tarsi of a paler red,

the middle tarsi fuscous, the anterior coxae and trochanters

black ; the hind tibiae and the basal and apical joints of the

tarsi black, the middle joints white ; the basal half of pro-

notum, apex of postpetiole broadly, the apex of the second

segment slightly more narrowly and more irregularly, the

apex of the sixth and the apical entirely, white. Wings

hyaline, a cloud in the fore wings extending from the base

of the stigma to the areolet and the recurrent nervure ; the

stigma and nervures black. ^ .

Length 9 mm.

Salween Valley, Middle Tenasserim ; July (C. T.

Bingham).

Thorax and head thickly covered with white pubescence.

Base of metanotum smooth ; there are two short keels in the

middle at the transverse keel ; the rest of the metanotum

rather strongly reticulated, almost smooth in the middle at

the base ; the metapleurge strongly but more closely reticulated.

Propleurge at the apex from shortly above the middle covered

with close, stout, curved, longitudinal strise. Areolet not

quite square, being slightly longer along the radius than

along the transverse cubital nervures ; it is of equal widtli.

Allied to M. maculipennis , Cam., from Borneo ; that

species has the femora black and the scutellum white.

Silsila spilonota, sp. n.

Black ; the face, clypeus, a line on the inner orbits, one on

the lower third of the outer, the malar space, mandibles

12*

180

Mr. P. Cameron on IJymenoptera

(except the teeth), palpi, the dilated base of the pronotum,

tegulse, an elongated conical mark at the apex of the midlle

lobe of the mesonotum, the broad end at the base and trans-

verse, scutellums, scutellar keels, a large curved mark behind

the liind wings, the apical slope of the metanotum (the mark

continued backwards in the middle, this line becoming

gradually narrowed), the apex in the centre with a black

line, the lower edge of the propleurse, the line narrowed in

front, tubercles, a large mark on the lower part of the meso-

pleurae, the top broadly incised, the apex above smaller than

the base, a curved mark at the apical half of the sternal

furrow, a large elongated conical mark on the metapleura3

and broad bands on the apices of the abdominal segments,

yellow. Four front legs pale yellow, infuscated above; hind

coxse black, broadly yellow in the middle above, the tro-

chanters black ; the femora fulvous, their base narrowly and

the apex from near the middle black ; the tibise yellow,

tinged with fulvous, the base narrowly and the apical fourth

black; the tarsi white, the apex of last joint black. Wings

hyaline, the stigma and nervures black. Antennae broadly

ringed with white. .

Length 13-14 mm.

Haundraw Valley, Middle Tenasserim [C. T. Bingham').

Face strongly but not closely punctured; the clypeus with

a few punctures above. Front and vertex smooth, a short

keel and a few striae on the front below. Mesonotum

smooth, the inner half of the outer lobe irregularly reticulated

at the apex. The space at the sides of the scutellums irregu-

larly stoutly striated. Basal depression of metanotum

stoutly crenulated ; the base at the sides stoutly irregularly

punctured ; the rest stoutly transversely reticulated. Pro-

and mesopleurae stoutly longitudinally striated, the strias

roundly curved, the lower part of the latter strongly punc-

tured. Metapleuraj strongly punctured above, the punctures

distinctly separated, the puncturation below coarser, the

])unctures running into reticulations. Pro- and mesonotum

sparsely haired, the metanotum much more densely pilose

and with the hair longer.

May be known from the two described Himalayan species

of ISilsila (fulvipes^ Cam., and hilineata, Cam.) by the large

conical mark on the mesonotum.

Buodias rugifrons, sp. n.

Black ; the face, clypeus, basal half of mandibles, palpi, a

181

from the Oriental Zoological Region,

outer, a line on the base of propleurae extending broadly on

to the pronotuni, a line on the sides of pronotum, a small

conical spot on the apex of the middle lobe of pronotum,

scutellum, base of metanotum (the lines narrowed on the

inner, dilated on the outer side), a square mark in the centre

behind the keel (the middle part narrowed at the base, the

line becoming gradually dilated to a triangle), the apical slope,

a spot below the hind wings, and the apical three fourths of

the metapleuras, the apex of the second abdominal segment,

the apical and the ventral segments, pale yellow. Four

front legs pale yellow, the femora slightly tinged with

fulvous ; the hind legs rufo-fulvous ; the trochanters, apical

half of femora, and the tibise from near the middle black ;

the tarsi white, narrowly black at the base. Antennae

broadly ringed with white. Wings hyaline, the nervures

and stigma black. ^ .

Length 10 mm.

Sikkim.

Face closely and strongly punctured, the clypeus smooth.

Front closely rugosely reticulated, keeled down the middle,

the lower part with a smooth transverse line, clearly separating

the rough part ; vertex closely punctured. Mesonotum closely

distinctlj?- punctured, except at the sides ; the scutellum

smooth. Base of metanotum with scattered punctures ;

inside the spiracles is a keel reaching from the base to the

apex; there is a keel on the apical half of the white central

mark ; the rest is stoutly longitudinally reticulated, mixed

with some punctures; the lateral teeth are small. Areolet of

almost equal width, longer along the radius than along the

transverse cubital nervures, the recurrent nervure received

near the middle.

This species is smaller than the others ; the areolet is

larger and the metanotal spines smaller than usual.

Cry plus Binghami, sp. n.

Black ; a narrow line on the inner orbits, a similar one on

the lower two thirds of the outer, and the tubercles yellowish

testaceous ; the legs red ; the coxae, trochanters, and the

underside of the four anterior femora to shortly beyond the

middle, and a short line on the apex of posterior femora,

black ; the apical joints of the four anterior tarsi infuscateci,

joints 2-4 of the posterior yellow. Wings hyaline, the

nervures and stigma black. $ .

Length 13, terebra 4 mm.

Darjeeling, 5000 feet ((7. T. Bingham),

182

Mr. P. Cameron on llymenoptera

Postscutellum smootli, the sides aeiculated-striated. Pro-

pleurae rugose above, the rest stoutly obliquely striated^ tlie

striae intermixing more or less; the meso- and meta-

pleuise closely coarsely reticulated-punctured. Tibiae sparsely,

the tarsi closely spinose. Palpi and mandibles black, the

former covered with white pubescence. Head, thorax, and

legs densely covered with white pubescence. The front is

deeply depressed from the eyes and is strongly, closely,

transversely striated.

This species is not unlike C. lucuJentus, Cam. ; the two

may be separated thus : —

Apical keel on metanotum interrupted in the middle ;

four anterior femora not lined with black ; the

three middle joints of hind tarsi not yellow .... luculentus, Cam.

Apical keel on metanotum complete ; the four ante-

rior femora broadly lined with black ; the three

middle joints of hind tarsi yellow Binghami.

C. Binghami is a more slenderly built species than lucu-

Jentus ] the front is more deeply depressed and is more

distinctly transversely striated ; the scutellum is more promi-

nent and has the sculpture rougher and more irregular.

The male of Binghami has the inner orbits more broadly

yellow than in the female ; it differs further in the face

having in the middle of the top above a yellow mark, longer

than wide and narrowly projecting at the sides above ; the

clypeus and mandibles are for the greater part yellow, as are

also the greater part of the anterior coxae and trochanters ;

the middle coxae and trochanters are yellow on the outer side,

C, luculentus has been taken by Col. Bingham at Darjiling,

. 7000 feet, in March.

IcRNE UMONINJE.

ICHNEUMONINI.

Lagarista, gen. nov.

Scutellum not much raised, quadrate, stoutly keeled

laterally to the top of the apical slope. Metanotum regularly

areolated ; the areola about two and a half times longer than

wide, rounded and slightly narrowed at the base, rounded

inwardly at the apex ; the lateral basal areas confluent, the

petiolar area absent. Antennae distinctly dilated towards the

apex. Apex of clypeus broad, transverse. Apical tooth of

mandibles long, narrowed gradually towards the apex ; the

Bubapical tooth short, turned inwardly. Base of petiole

broader at the base than it is thick dorso-ventrally — broader

183

from the Oriental Zoological Regioa.

tlian in Ichneumon^ but not so broad as in Plati/lahls. There

aie seven abdominal segments ; the last broad at the apex,

two thirds of the length of the penultimate ; the ventral fold

extends to the apex ot the fourth segment. Arcolet 5-angled ;

the discocubjtai nervure unbroken ; the transverse median

nervure interstitial. Tarsi closely spinose. The ovipositor is

long, distinctly projecting, as long as the apical two segments

united.

The head is as wide as the thorax ; it is large, but not

behind, the temples being short, the occiput rounded in-

wardly, the cheeks sharply margined. Labrum hidden. The

antenna3 are longer than the body, slender, except at the

dilated apical part ; the basal joints of the flagellum elongate,

the first slightly longer than the second. Postpetiole striated.

The systematic position of this genus is not clear. The

form of the metanotum is as in the Iclmeumonini, and it

cannot therefore be referred to the Joppini. For the present

I refer it to the former tribe. It is clearly related to the

Ceylonese Aluinaj Cam. ; that genus may be known by the

areola being much wider compared with the length, by the

much wider temples, and by the discocubital nervure being

broken by a stump. The form of the metanotal areola

separates the Ceylonese Deniya from it; that genus may be

further known by the almost obsolete temples, transverse

occiput, and by the apex of the clypeus being rounded.

Lagarista mucaUscatis^ sp. n.

Black ; the head except the centre of the vertex (covering

the ocelli), the front, and the occiput except the outer edges,

a line on the top and bottom of prothorax, two narrow longish

lines in the middle of the mesonotum, scutellar keels, scutel-

lum except for a conspicuous black conical mark in the centre,

postscutellum, an irregular mark in the centre of the lateral

basal arese of the metanotum, the apical lateral areas, the

yellow extending slightly below them, the greater part of the

lower half of the inesopleurEe, a large spot behind the hind

wings, the metapleurae from behind the middle, and the apices

of the abdominal segments (the lines on the basal three

broad and dilated laterally — that on the fifth narrow and

interrupted in the middle, that on the sixth in the centre

only, and the last entirely), pale yellow. Legs fulvous; the

four anterior coxae and trochanters pale yellow, the hinder

femora more reddish in tint ; the hind coxae yellow, fulvous on

the outer side and blackish at the apex above; the apex of

the hind femora, of the hind tibiae more broadly, and of the

184

Mr. P. Cameron on Ihjmc)\oj)lera

basal half of the metatarsus black ; the hind tarsi white.

Wings hyaline, the stigma testaceous, the nervures blackish.

Flagellum of antennae broadly ringed with white. ? .

]jength 11 mm.

Sikkim.

Face distinctly but not closely punctured, the clypeus with

a few scattered punctures above; front below the ocelli finely

closely striated. Mesonotum closely, regularly, somewhat

strongly punctured ; the scutellum with a few large punctures

in the centre. Posterior median area furrowed round the

edges except at the apex ; it is smooth, as are also the parts

at its base; the rest of the segment closely strongly punc-

tured except the posterior median area, which is strongly

irregularly striated. Meso- and metapleurae closely strongly

punctured ; the propleurae smooth, striated at the apex.

Abdomen closely punctured, the centre of postscutellum finely

striated.

J 0 P P I N I.

LissOPHADNUS, gen. nov.

Scutellum rather flat, distinctly keeled laterally to the

commencement of the apical slope. Areola represented by a

small, smooth, flat, curved tubercle, widely distant from the

base of the metanotum. Posterior median area with the apical

half narrower than the basal ; the apical lateral area com-

mences at the end of the basal part, it is narrow, sharply

pointed at the top, becoming gradually widened towards the

apex ; the basal lateral arese are large, square, confluent,

there being no petiolar area; the apical large, wide at the

base, gradually narrowed towards the apex ; the spiracular

area distinct. Clypeus not separated, its apex transverse.

Labrum projecting. Occiput deeply incised, margined.

Areolet large, 5 -angled ; transverse median nervure received

distinctly beyond the transverse basal. Petiole long, narrow,

the postpetiole gradually widened. Mandibles unequally

dentate.

Body uniformly rufo-testaceous; the wings hyaline. 'Disco-

cubital nervure broken by a stump, as is also the recurrent

nervure. The second and following segments of the abdomen

closely punctured, the first smooth and shining.

The form of the metanotum and its areola is as in Dimcetha^

which genus may be known from the present by the scutel-

lum not being flat and not keeled, by the areolet being

narrowed in front, 4-angled, by the discocubital and recurrent

nervures being unbroken, by the wings being clouded at the

apex, and by the postpetiole being strongly punctured.

185

from the Oriental Zoological Region.

Lissophadnus testaceusj sp. n.

Testaceous, tending to rufous-ferruginous ; the antennae

beyond the sixteenth joint black, the middle joints tinged

with yellow. • Wings clear hyaline, highly iridescent, slightly

violaceous towards the apex. $ .

Length 22 mm.

Runjit Valley, 1500 feet, Sikkim; April [G. T. Bing-

ham) .

Base of metanotum at the sides sparsely but strongly

punctured ; the lateral middle area rugosely punctured at

the base, transversely reticulated-punctured at the apex ; the

posterior median area irregularly transversely striated ; more

or less reticulated at the apex ; the lateral apical arese are

coarsely reticulated ; the segment is thickly covered with

pale pubescence. Pieurse closely punctured ; the lower apical

part of propleurae striated. Clypeus somewhat strongly but

not closely punctured in the middle ; the sides and face

smooth, almost bare. Labrum fringed with long golden

hair. Front depressed; the inner orbits margined. Tips of

mandibles black. Tarsi closely spinose.

Acanthojopp)a flavo-orhitalisj sp. n.

Luteous; the sides of the face, clypeus broadly, the orbits

broadly, and the pleurae tinged with yellow : the middle of

antenna? tinged with yellow ; tlie eighteenth and following

joints black. Wings hyaline, the basal half tinged with

fulvous ; the stigma and costa rufo-testaceous, the nervures

black. $ .

Length 14 mm.

Domdami Valley; October ((7. T. Bingham) ,

Face strongly closely punctured, the upper part of the

clypeus as strongly but not so closely punctured. Front

and vertex smooth, the upper part of the front raised,

surrounded at the sides and below by a smooth, bare, shining

depression. Mesonotum closely finely punctured, depressed

on either side laterally at the base ; the scutellum more

strongly punctured and thickly covered with long pale fuscous

pubescence; the apical incision broad, rounded, not deep.

Base of metanotum irregularly punctured ; the areola round

the sides and base reticulated, the apex in the middle closely,

strongly, longitudinally striated; the second lateral arese

closely reticulated ; the apical slope strongly transversely

striated. Propleurse on the upper half perpendicularly

striated, below irregularly, more strongly reticulated-striated.

18G

Mr. P. Cameron on ITi/menoptera

]\Icso])leura3 closely, strongly, irregularly punctured, more or

less striated in the middle and at the apex belov\\ Meta-

pleurae coarsely rugosely punctured, more or less coarsely

striated below. Petiole smooth ; the second segment is

more strongly punctured than the others. The transverse

cubital nervures meet in front ; the recurrent nervure is

received shortly beyond the middle.

The areola is large, longer than wide, rounded at the base,

transverse at the apex, the sides bulging out where the trans-

verse keel joins them ; the pubescence on the apical slope

long, dense, fuscous; the spines broad, rounded; its centre

raised.

Comes near to A. tinctipennis, Cam.

Xantliojoppa latihalteata^ sp. n.

Pale yellow ; a line covering the ocelli and extended down

to near the antennm, three broad lines on the rnesonotum (a

transverse one uniting them at the apex), the scutellar de-

pression, a line round the base of the metanotum, the greater

part o£ the areola, the posterior median area, a broad band

across the pronotum, a line on the top of the mesopleurge, one

down the base of the metapleurse, one behind the hind coxae,

a mark (longer than wide) commencing near the middle and

extending on to the postpetiole, a band on the second segment

extending from the base to shortly beyond the middle, one on

the basal half of the third with the apex transverse, and semi-

circular ones on the basal half of the fourth, fifth, and sixth,

the underside of the hind coxae except at tlie base, the mark

continued above obliquely to the upper inner edge, the hind

femora except below, the apical two thirds of the hind tibiae,

and the hind tarsi, black. Wings hyaline, iridescent, the

stigma testaceous, the nervures black. ,

Length 12 mm.

Domdanu Valley, Middle Tenasserim ; October ((7. T,

Bingham),

Areola retieulated ; the upper third of the posterior median

area longitudinally, the rest transversely, reticulated, the

rest of the segment closely rugosely punctured, the apical

slope thickly covered with fuscous pubescence. Pro- and

mesothorax distinctly punctured, closely on the rnesonotum ;

the scutellum more strongly punctured and tliickly covered

with longish fuscous pubescence. Scape and pedicle of an-

tennae rufo-testaceous, the rest black, the basal joints testaceous

below. Petiole smooth ; the second and third segments are

closely distinctly punctured ; the gastrocoeli small, transverse,

187

from the Oriental Zoological Region,

pmootli, testaceous ; behind them are two long keels, with a

shorter keel on the outer and inner side. Areolet 4-angled,

distinctly narrowed in front ; the recurrent nervure is received

shortly beyond the middle ; the discocubital nervure unbroken,

the transverse median received beyond the transverse basal.

Allied to X. 2>-lineata^ Cam., which may be known by the

absence of black on the hind legs, by the black line on occiput,

and by the narrower abdominal black bands.

Amhlyjoppa Binghami, sp. n.

Black ; the basal three segments of abdomen red ; the

face (except for an anchor-shaped black mark down its

centre), the clypeus (except for a small conical mark on its

apex in the middle), the upper inner orbits (the line not

reaching to the ocelli), a line on the lower two thirds of the

outer (the line becoming gradually wider below, extending

obliquely to the outer side of the mandibles), a broad line on

the pronotum, tegulse, tubercles, a squarish mark on the lower

side of the mesopleurae extending on to the sternum, two

lines in the centre of mesonotum, scutellar keels, scutellum

from shortly behind the middle, postscutellum, a mark

almost filling the apical lateral arege of metanotum, and the

broad apical part of the sides of postpetiole, yellow. Legs

yellow, densely covered with white pubescence; the hind

femora red ; the outer apical half of the fore femora, the

middle femora (except the apical half below), the hind coxa3

(except for a large mark above), the base and apex of hind

femora narrowly, the apex of the hind tibiae more broadly,

and the hind tarsi, black. Wings hyaline to the base of

stigma, smoky violaceous beyond, the nervures and stigma

black. Antennal scape yellow below, the flagellum witli a

narrow yellowish band. ? .

Length 20 mm.

Sikkim, Runjit Valley, 1000 feet ; April T. Bingham).

Head and thorax closely strongly punctured and thickly

covered with white pubescence. The areola small, roundly

narrowed to a point behind ; the point dilated, the bordering

keels smooth, shining, the apical narrower, less distinct,

broadly rounded inwardly ; the inner sides furrowed, the

centre shining, irregularl}" wrinkled. The basal arege acicu-

lated at the base, the rest irregularly punctured ; the other

area3 strongly punctured, the posterior median stoutly trans-

versely striated. Scutellum slightly roundly raised, the sides

keeled to the middle. Pleurae closely punctured, the lower

half of propleurse irregularly striated. Petiole keeled laterally.

188

Mr. P. Cameron on Ilymenoptera

and with a less distinct keel down the middle ; the post-

])etiule closely strongly striated in the middle, the sides

almost smooth ; the second to sixth segments closely punc-

tured, the puncturation becoming gradually weaker ; the

second and third striated down the middle. Gastrocoeli deep,

smooth.

This species is not unlike A. rufocincta, Cam., in colora-

tion ; it differs in the scutellum being longer compared with

the width, more raised at the base, and with the lateral keels

longer and more distinct, and the areola is smaller and more

narrowed — more sharp-pointed — at the base.

Amhlyjoppa iridipennis, sp. n.

Dark rufo-testaceous ; the apical two thirds of the meso-

pleura3 above, the apical half below, the metapleurae, rneta-

notum, the basal segment of abdomen, and the second to

shortly beyond the middle, the mesosternum (except for a

triangular space on either side at the base), the hind coxae,

and the base of the trochanters above, black. The basal

sixteen joints of antennae yellow, tinged with red, the rest

black. Wings uniformly fuscous violaceous, the nervures

and stigma black. $ .

Length 18 mm.

Sikkim.

Head and thorax somewhat strongly closely punctured ;

the eye-orbits are tinged with yellow, the yellow tinge

broader on the lower outer orbits. The apex of mesonotum

lighter-coloured in the middle. Base of metanotum strongly

punctured (except for a smooth space bordering the areola) ;

the latter is gradually narrowed from the apex to the base,

which is rounded, narrow; the apex is rounded inwardly,

the keel narrow, irregular; the outer edge of the inner side

is irregularly narrowly depressed ; in the centre is an irregular

depression, and there are two smaller ones at the apex; the

apical slope is irregularly strongly reticulated, the posterior

median area more strongly than the lateral. Abdomen

closely punctured, strongly at the base, weaker towards the

apex ; the second segment depressed at the base, between the

gastrocoeli, closely striated ; the latter has four stout clearly

separated keels on the inner half and one near the outer

side.

Amhlyjoppa ? maculicolliSj sp. n.

Black ; the face, clypeus, mandibles, and the orbits nar-

rowly, yellow; the front and vertex yellow, suffused with

189

from tlte Oriental Zoological Region,

rufous ; the occiput and temples rufous, the mesonotum an I

scutellum of a deeper rufous colour, tlie scutellum darker

coloured ; a yellowisli-rufous line, dilated behind, on the

pronotum ; the anterior legs reddish testaceous; the middle

tibise in front testaceous, the middle femora fuscous in front.

Wings fuscous violaceous, the nervures and stigma black ;

the areolet 4-angled, the nervures meeting in front. Areola

moderately large, horseshoe-shaped ; the apex rounded

inwardly. ^ .

Length 15 mm.

Middle Tenasserim, Salween Valley ; July {C. T, Bing^

ham) .

Basal half of areola smooth, bordered laterally by a deep

furrow; the apical half coarsely rugosely punctured. Head

closely punctured, the apex of clypeus with only a few"

scattered punctures. Front furrowed down the centre, the

furrow narrowed tow^ards the apex. Thorax closely distinctly

punctured, the scutellum more strongly than the mesonotum

and thickly covered with blackish-fuscous hair. The rneta-

notum at the base strongly punctured, the punctures distinctly

separated ; on the rest the puncturation is closer, more

rugose, and more or less running into reticulations, on the

posterior median area transversely reticulated. The meso-

notum is densely covered with short fulvous pubescence ; on

the median segment the pubescence is longer and black, on

it also the black is suffused with brown. Abdomen strongly

closely punctured, the puncturation becoming weaker towards

the apex; gastrocoeli strongly regularly striated, the space

between them being also striated. The malar space is

black ; a black spot connects the ocelli to the eyes.

This species differs from the typical form in the transverse

cubital nervures being united in front. This may not,

however, be a constant difference.

Amhlyjoppa rujicepsy sp. n.

Black ; the head reddish, the face and clypeus more

yellowish in tint ; a squarish black mark joins the ocelli to

the eyes ; the fore legs testaceous, darker above ; the antennal

scape reddish testaceous, the flagellum brownish below at the

base. Wings uniformly fuscous violaceous, the nervures and

stigma black. J .

Length 14 mm.

Middle Tenasserim, Salween Valley; July {C. T. Bing,

ham).

Areola longer than wide, transverse at the base, becoming

190

]\rr. r. Cameron on Ilymenoj^tera

gradually obliquely widened to beyond the middle ; the sides

at the apex not quite straight ; the apex not clearly margined,

broadly rounded inwardly; the segment is closely rugosely

j)unc(ured, more closely rugosely on the apical slope ; there

is a longish narrow triangular area bordering the apical half

of the posterior median ; it is coarsely transversely striated.

The pro- and mesothorax are closely strongly punctured, the

inetapleurae more strongly than the rest ; below the middle

is a stout curved keel. The scutellum is more strongly but

not so closely punctured as the mesonotum and is thickly

covered with black pubescence. Abdomen closely punc-

tured, the ])ostpetiole more coarsely than the rest, the apical

segments more weakly. Gastrocoeli deep, bearing stout

curved strige. Tegul^e testaceous. Tubercles dark rufous,

d’he black on the upper part of the body is slightly tinged

with brown, especially on the metanotum ; the middle coxa3

are fuscous. There is a short but distinct stump on the

discocubital nervure.

Apart from the difference in coloration and in the form of

the areola, this species differs from A. macuUceps in having a

stout curved keel on the lower part of the metapleurge.

Amhlyjoppa maculiceps^ sp. n.

Black ; the face, clypeus, labium, and base of mandibles

yellow ; the front, vertex, outer orbits, and occiput yellow,

largely suffused with rufous ; a line on the pronotum, dilated

at the apex, red, tinged with yellow ; the mesonotum (except

at the sides and base) narrowly rufous; the fore legs (except

the coxte, trochanters, and base of femora) black ; the middle

tibiae tinged with testaceous at the base and in front. Wings

uniformly dark fuscous violaceous, the nervures and stigma

black. Areola semicircular. Antennal scape yellow, the

flagellum brownish below. A •

Length 17 mm.

Middle Tenasserim, Salween Valley; July ((7. T. Bing-

ham) .

Face and clypeus strongly, closely, regularly punctured ;

the labrurn as closely but not so strongly punctured ; the

vertex distinctly but not so closely or so strongly punctured

as the face ; a smooth space at the sides of the ocelli, which

are joined to the eyes by a broad black spot ; there is a deep

clearly defined furrow in the centre of the front, bordered by

a raised distinctly punctured part ; it extends to the middle ;

the part below is very smooth and shining, bare ; the sides

are smooth excc})t near the eyes, where they are punctured.

191

from the Oriental Zoological Region.

Pro- and mesothorax distinctly regularly punctured; the

Kcutellum is more strongly punctured and is thickly covered

with black pubescence. The metanotum is much more

strongly and closely, almost rugosely punctured ; the areola

wider than long, broadly rounded at the base, semicircular ;

the apex irregular and slightly turned inwardly ; inside it is

irregularly rugosely punctured, depressed on either side at the

base, and with a smooth transverse space at the base ; the

segment is tliickly covered wdth black pubescence. The

basal four segments of the abdomen are closely punctured,

the puncturation becoming gradually weaker; the base of

the ])etiole is smooth in the middle; the postpetiole closely

rugosely punctured.

The antennae are as long as the abdomen, serrate, distinctly

tapering towards the apex.

Amhlgjopiia rnficaada^ sp. n.

Black ; the head, prothorax, mesonotum, the fourth and

following segments of the abdomen, the anterior legs, the

apex of the middle femora broadly, of the hinder more

narrowly, and the four posterior tibiae and tarsi, rufo-testa-

ceous ; the nineteen to twenty basal joints of antennas reddish

yellow, the rest black. Wings uniformly dark fuscous

violaceous, the nervures and stigma black. ^ .

Length 14-19 mm.

Salween Valley, Middle Tenasserim; July {C. T. Bing-

ham).

Face and clypeus closely, somewhat strongly and uniformly

punctured ; the front and vertex are not so closely, regularly,

nor so strongly punctured. Pro- and mesothorax closely

distinctly punctured ; the mesonotum densely covered with

fulvous pubescence ; the scutellum and metanotum (except

at the base) densely covered with longer black pubescence.

The metanotum is more strongly rugosely punctured ; the

posterior median area is more or less transversely striated, the

striae running into reticulations ; the outer apical areae

coarsely reticulated, the apex of the spiracular area is more

coarsely punctured and more or less striated-reticulated than

the rest. The lower part of the propleurae is irregularly,

stoutly, obliquely striated. Abdomen closely punctured,

strongly at the base, becoming weaker towards the apex ;

the apical segments are densely covered with fulvous pubes-

cence. Gastrocoeli deep, large, the base and inner side with

curved striae, the rest more strongly longitudinally striated.

The areola is broader at the apex than it is long, the base

192

Mr. E. I. Pocock on the

broadly rounded, half the width of the apex, wliicli is sligditly

rounded inwardly; the bordering keel is shining, flat,

sniootli, broad at the base ; the apex is broadly depressed,

flnely rugosely punctured, the rest irregularly punctured and

aciculated.

XXII. — On the Blaclc-and~tan Pattern of Domestic Dogs

(Canis fainiliaris). By R. I. PocoCK, F.L.S., F.Z.S.,

Superintendent of the Zoological Society's Gardens.

In ^ The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication,^

pp. 33-35 (ed. 1905), the black-and-tan pattern of domestic

dogs is discussed at some length. Darwin was led to investi-

gate the question somewhat fully in the hope that he might

thereby discover a clue to the origin of our breeds amongst

wild species; but failing to find tlie tan-coloured spots over

the eyes either depicted in any drawings of wolves, jackals,

and other species of Canis^ or visible on any skins in the

collection of the British Museum, he came to the conclusion

that the coexistence of these spots with tan-coloured paws is

probably a case of correlated variation.

Apart from suggesting that a now extinct species involved

in the pedigree of domestic dogs may have possessed these

spots, he offered no other explanation of the highly remark-

able^^ fact of the occurrence of these spots in extremely

different breeds, living in various parts of the world."’'’

The phenomenon, however, appears to me to be susceptible

of a quite simple explanation.

In a typical black-and-tan dog, whatever the breed, the

tan is distributed as follows : — on the sides of the muzzle and

lips, the lower half of the cheeks, and the throat; a spot

over the inner corner of the eye, very frequently on the inside

of the ear, and as a large patch on each side of the chest above

the base of the fore legs ; on the paws of the fore legs and on

the hind legs below the hock ; to a somewhat variable degree

on the inner sides of the legs, but extending over the front of

the hind leg up to the body ; on the circumanal area and on

tlie underside of the tail, at least in its proximal portion. The

rest of the animal is black. If a dog thus coloured be com-

|)ared with many of the common wild species of Canidae, it

will be seen that the tan occurs over areas which in the wild

species are paler than the rest of the body, owing to the

fading or absence of the black annuli which prevail in the

193

Blade- and-tan Pattern of Domestic Dogs.

liair elsewhere, and tlmt the black corresponds to the darker

portions of the body, where the hair is richly pigmented, in

the wild animals. This statement only needs qualification

with respect to the tan spots over the eyes, the homologues of

which are by no means always visible in wild dogs, or, at all

events, are not sufficiently evident to carry absolute conviction

as to their presence. This is the case with examples of the

following species now living in the Zoological Gardens : —

Canis latranSj anthus^ lupasteVy aureus^ and mesomelas^ \ Guon

duhhunensis ?c(\di alpinus. On the other hand they are detect-

able, though minute, in some examples of Vulpes vulpes^ and

visible, though not conspicuous, in two Dingos which I have

reason to think have a mongrel strain of domestic dog. In

the case, however, of the wolves now or lately living in the

Gardens, namely in a Siberian example of C. lupuSj in three

specimens of C, lupus occidentalism and in one of C, pallipesm

there is no possibility of overlooking them. Although not

emphasized by a setting of jet-black hair, they nevertheless

show up as pale spots relatively as large as the corresponding

tan spots in dogs. Their conspicuousness in these species

suggests, though it does not prove, a preponderance of the wolf

strain over that of jackals in our breeds of domestic dogs.

Black-and-tan dogs may be termed melanescent, or,

preferably, nigrescent sports. Were they completely melan-

istic or perfect ^‘melanos^^ fkey would be black all over, as

many dogs are. It is evident that the tan stands in the same

relation to the pale areas as the black does to the more

heavily pigmented areas of the wild species; and it is a

highly interesting fact that the nigrescent sport throws back

to the type of pattern characteristic of a parent form. Tan

is merely one of the shades of that class of colour which is

commonly called erythristic ; and, assuming the truth of

the above-given explanation of the occurrence of tan in

dogs, it appears that albinism, erythrism, and melanism are

three consecutive stages in colour-variation, erythrism being

the incipient stage either of albinism or melanism, according

as the organism is albescent or nigrescent — that is to say,

assuming or tending to assume the albino or melano livery.

I believe this law of colour-change will prove to be

capable of wide application in the Mammalia and probably

outside the limits of that class. For example, there are in

the Zoological Gardens at the present time some black-and-tan

mouHon [Ovis musimon) . In these animals the white portions

of the typical wild sheep are tan and the rest of the coat

* This is not strictly true of all examples of this species.

Ann. dc Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 13

11)4

Dr. A. Vaughan on Seminula.

lieavily suffused with black, exactly as in the case of black-

and-tan dogs. They are intermediate in colour between a

ty])ical mouflon and a completely melanistic sport of that

species; and, be it noted, they commonly produce perfectly

black lambs. They furnish an instance of the tan being

the halfway stage between white and black in organisms

assuming a black pelage.

Conversely, as examples of the tan or red being the inter-

mediate stage between the normal and the albino sport, may

be cited yellow or ‘‘ginger” varieties of domestic cats, which

frequently at all events, and perhaps always, have the pads

of the feet pink instead of black ; and also red-haired blue-

eyed types of some Jews, whose colour Prof. Haddon speaks

of as a kind of minor albinism. In support of this 1 may add

that in the ‘ Sketch ^ for Nov. 14th, 1906, there was a photo-

graph of a Kaffir reported to have had a white skin, pale blue

eyes, and short, woolly, yellow hair. It is well known that

some wholly white, or partially white cats like Siamese have

blue eyes. Hence the blueness of the iris appears to be a

sign of albescence both in the human and the feline species.

XXIII. — Seminula : a Note hi/

Aethur Vaughan, B.A., D.Sc., F.G.S.

In the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xviii., Nov. 1906,

pp. 321-327, ]\lr. S. S. Buckman, F.G.S. questions the

accepted use of certain Carboniferous generic names and

suggests somewhat drastic alterations.

He has, in the case of Seminula^ drawn attention to as

pretty a tangle as palaeontologists have ever made, and I

have to acknowledge his very courteous aid in my attempt to

unravel it.

I shall content myself with the statement of the results

which I have obtained from a careful examination of Sj'^eci-

mens and figures at the British Museum, and, in this work, I

am under a pleasant sense of obligation to Dr. F. A. Bather

and Mr. C. D. Slierborn. The question of priority in names

must be left to experts in nomenclature.

Seminula.

The genotype is stated by Mr. Buckman to be Terehratula

fentuedra^ Philh, and in this opinion he has the support of

Hall & Claike and Schuchert. It is only necessary, there-

fore, to discover to what genus this species belongs.

195

Dr. A. Vciuglian on Semlnula.

The figure of the species given in the ‘ Geology of York-

shire/ pt. 2, pi. xii. fig. 3, is a good and truthful representa-

tion of a specimen in the Gilbertson Collection (Brit. Mus.)

which has been type-labelled without any expression of

doubt. The figure is very slightly enlarged, as is usual with

all Phillips’s drawings, but there cannot be any reasonable

doubt that this specimen is the holotype of the species, and

no such doubt has been previously suggested.

Description of the Holotype of Terehratula pentaecha, Phill.

(the Genotype of Seminula) .

The type specimen has lost the greater part of its test,

and consequently the characters of the external ornament are

not so obvious as could be desired.

Form. — The size and outline of the shell agree closely with

those of the holotype of Spirifer ambignus^ Sow., with which

I have carefully compared Phillips’s specimen ; the two shells

have the same pentagonal outline, the same position of

maximum width, and the beak is ‘‘ produced in the same

manner in each. Whereas, however, Spir, amhiguufi is

strongly convex. Ter. pentaedra is rather strikingly flattened

(a character reminiscent of Ter. hastata^ Sow.).

Hinge-line and Fold. — Tiie valve-intersection is continu-

ously curved in the beak-region ; it lies completely in one

plane, except for the shallow lobe which marks the extremity

of the mesial fold.

The mesial fold is marked out on the cast by two strong

radial ridges, separated by a broad shallow depression, and

the whole fold is raised but little above the level of the

flanks.

In Spir. amhiguus, Sow., the mesial fold is formed on the

same pattern, but is prominently raised above the flanks of

the shell.

Pedicle- valve. — The test being partly removed from the

beak-region, the cast of the pedicle-cavity is satisfactorily

exposed ; it exhibits a narrow flattened area, bounded on

either side by a precipitous drop, indicating the presence of

strong dental plates. These characters are possessed in

common by all Athyrids.

There is no evidence as to the size of the aperture.

Structure of Test. — The test, where preserved, is minutely

fibrous and impunctate, but it is doubtful whether the outer-

most layer of the test is anywhere present.

Surface-ornament. — (a) Concentric. Two or three con-

centric ridges on the cast indicate marked growth- halts.

19G

Dr. A. Vaughan on Semlnula.

(Z>) Radial. There is no clear indication, either on the

cast or on the remnant of the test, of the impressed glabri-

striation which characterizes the Athyrids provided with

fringed or ribbed flounces [Cleiothyris and Actinoconchus) .

[On the same tablet with the type specimen of Ter, pent-

aedra in the Gilbertson Collection are nine other specimens.

Eight of these have well-preserved double- valves, and can be

assigned with certainty to an Athyrid provided with fringed

or ribbed flounces, by reason of the radial impressed ornament

and the low beak. It was probably on the evidence of these

specimens that Phillips accredited a minute perforation to his

species Ter, peyitaedra. These specimens differ completely

from the type specimen in form, beak, ornament, and nature

of fold.

The remaining specimen on the tablet (a cast) approaches

more closely to the type specimen both in form and beak,

but differs in exhibiting conspicuous glabristriation. Where

broken it exhibits part of a spire.]

Discrimination of the Genotype of Seniinula from other

Genera.

The holotype of Terehratula pentaedra, Phillips, differs

from the following genera in the characters subjoined.

From Camarophoria [genotype: Terehratula Schlotheimi ^

von Buch] in the fact that the dental plates do not unite,

absence of mesial septum, absence of angular plaits, low mesial

fold, &c.

From Martinia [genotype : Spirifer glaher (Martin)] in

presence of dental plates, absence of area, excavated mesial

fold, &c.

Yyou\ Dielasma [genotype: Terehratula elongatus (Schlo-

theim)] in impunctate test and the nature of fold.

From the Athyrids with fringed or ribbed flounces \_Gleio-

thyris (King), genotype : Atrypa pectinifera, J. de 0. Sow.]

in the outline, the nature of the fold, the absence of glabri-

striation, and the produced beak.

From Actinoconchus [genotype : Actinoconchus paradoxus^

M‘Coy (which is united with Spirifer planosulcatus^ Pliilh,

by Davidson)] in the deflection of the valve-intersection and

the presence of a mesial fold, the absence of a mesial septum

in the pedicle-valve, and the absence of glabristriation.

On the other hand, the type specimen of Seminula agrees

in all its generic characters with Spirifer amhiguus^ Sow,,

from which it only differs specifically in the lower fold and

more flattened shell [as was pointed out by Davidson (Pal.

197

Dr. A. Vaughan on Seininiila.

Soc., Garb. Bracli. p. 78) in explanation of the fact that he

queried his own assertion that Ter. pentacdray Phill. was a

synonym of S^^irifer ambiguuSj Sow.].

Ter'ehratula serninula^ Phillips, Geology of Yorkshire, pt. 2,

pi. xii. figs. 21, 22, 23.

Since M‘Ooy himself, in his ‘Palaeozoic Fossils^ (1855),

subsequently stated that this species was the type of Semi-

nulttj I also examined the specimens which are assigned to

this species in the Gilbertson Collection.

From the catalogue of the collection it appears that there

were originally fifteen specimens ; there are now only ten,

and one of these is a small Spiriferid. The remaining nine

all obviously belong to the same species and are closely

related to Camarophoria glohulina^ at least generically.

(Davidson t very justly draws attention to the presence of a

strong mesial septum in the pedicle-valve, visible through the

test.)

It cannot be reasonably doubted that the specimen actually

figured by Phillips (fig. 21, loc. cit.') had the same general

characters, although none of the actual nine specimens can

be definitely considered to agree with his figure.

Hence, in all probability, and as Davidson stated, the type

of Terehratula seminula^ Phill., is a Camarophoria (so long

only as that genus continues to include Terehratula glohulina^

Phillips).

COMPOSITA, Brown.

As Mr. Buckman has pointed out, Brown states very

definitely that “ the genus [i. e. Gompositai] is founded

upon the Spirifer arnhiguus of Sowerby.^^ Unfortunately it

is equally clear that Brown had an erroneous conception of

Sowerby’s species, for his figures of Gomposita amhigua

(‘ Fossil Conchology^ (1845), pi. liv.* figs. 4 & 5) represent

Spirifer [Martinia] glaber (Martin), and not Sowerby’s

species, Spirifer ambiguus.

Brownes figure exhibits the following differences from

the holotype ]: of Spirifer ambiguus. Sow. : —

(1) Large size : the figure measures l''*2 x 1", very un-

usual dimensions for a Seminula.

t Loc. cit. p. 116.

j This holotype, which is represented in the two uppermost figures on

pi. ccclxxvi. Min. Conch., is a small double-valved specimen, preserved

in the Sowerby Collection in the British Museum. The other two figures

of the plate depict a very imperfect pedicle- valve and a mere fragment of

a brachial valve, neither of which can be accepted as adequate definition

of a species.

198

Dr. A. Vaugliaa on Seiniiiula.

(2) Marked traiisverseiiess : Spirifer ambigaas is typically

an elongated shell.

(d) The sides of the shell have a continuoasly uniform

curvature : in Spinfer amhigans the curvature is

strong at the point of maximum width, but the outline

becomes rapidly straight above and below that

poii.t.

(4) The fold is uniformly convex in transverse section : in

S. amhigans the section is flattened and usually

excavated on the top of the fold.

(h) The fold is strongly semiconical and extends to the

beak : a character very common in the Spiriferids,

but almost unknown in the Athyrids.

(6) A short straight hinge-line, extending the width of

the beak of the brachial valve (as indicated by the

approximation of the valve-intersection to a horizontal

direction on either side).

(7) The absence of any concentric growth-halts and com-

plete smoothness : Seminula usually exhibits strong

concentric growth- halts.

The depiction of a perforated beak is quite negligible, for

the perforation, as drawn, is much too large to be the unbroken

aperture of S. ambiguuSj and, unfortunately, specimens of

Martinia glabra with the beak perforated in this way are

sadly common.

As a matter of mere personal experience, many specimens

of Martinia glabra may be collected which agree with Brownes

figure of Composita ambigua, but I have never seen a specimen

of S. ambiguus which has any right to be identified with it.

Hence it seems clear that, though undoubtedly Brown

thought that his conception of Composita included Spirifer

ambiguus, Sow., he did so in error.

Here is another problem for the expert in nomenclature!

Luckily, Martinia has precedence over Composita, and conse-

quently escapes the danger of rejection in favour of Brownes

genus.

I should like to tender my thanks to Dr. Ivor Thomas, of

H.M. Geol. Survey, for assistance in examining the Gilbertson

specimens, and also for pointing out to me, several months ago,

that Seminula was sickening for a serious illness. As

Dr. Thomas will [>robably explain his own views, 1 need say

no more beyond expressing the hope that my old and trusted

friend Seminula will “ pull through.’''

Blhliogrrtphlcal Notice.

199

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Illustrations of British Bloodsucking Flies, luith Notes by Ernest

Edward Austen. London : Printed by Order of the Trustees of

the British Museum, 1906.

The student of British Diptera has many difficulties to contend

with, and not the least of these is the absence of any good descrip-

tive handbook, especially one that is illustrated. The Lepidoptera,

Coleoptera, Aculeate Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, the Dragonflies and

the Sawflies have all been monographed and well illustrated by

British authors, but with the exception of Walker’s work, published

in the “ fifties” and now scarce and out of print (containing a few

plain lithographic plates), and the few plates in Curtis’s ‘ British

Entomology,’ there is nothing to help the collector of two-winged

flies. A book like the one now under consideration will therefore

be eagerly welcomed by the small but rapidly growing band of

British dipterists. Although the scope of the work, as indicated by

its title, does not admit of a purely scientific arrangement, yet the

volume gives us what is practically a pictorial monograph of the

Culicidae, Tabanidae, and Hippoboscidae, while a few members of the

Chironomidae, Simuliidae, and Muscidae are necessarily included. Of

the thirty-four plates it is impossible to speak too highly. Executed

by the three-colour process, on paper which is reputed to be perma-

nent, they are superb specimens of this comparatively new art, and

far surpass anything which has been attempted before in illustration

of this order of insects, either in this country or abroad, save, of

course, the splendid Monograph on the Tsetse Flies by the same

author and issued under the same auspices. No one attempting to

name examples in the three families more fully represented need

have any difficulty with the present work before him, and yet in

the past even the large and handsome Tabanid® were far from easy

to determine. Take, for example, the two species of Cleg, Ilcemato-

■pota pluvialis and H. crassicornis, both of fairly wide distribution.

It is impossible to imagine more beautiful and accurate figures of

these two species than those given on plates xi. and xii., while the

specific distinctions {e. g. the basal joint of the antenna, the black

spots on the frons, the light lines on the thorax, and the mottled

pattern on the wings) are strikingly shown.

The text is short but useful. It might have been more useful if

attention had been paid to the published records of the flies in question,

instead of limiting the notes on distribution to a list of specimens

actually in the British Museum collection. Thus, for example,

Atylotus fulvus has been recorded from Scotland, but there is no

mention of the fact on the page devoted to this species. But it is

easy to be too critical, and in spite of this slight sin of omission (which

can easily be rectified in a new edition) the volume is a great boon to

the collector of the Diptera of the British Islands. And not only docs

it appeal to the entomologist in this country, but also to those going

200

G eo I o(j tea I Soc lety.

abroad who, being interested in blood-sucking insects and their

connection with tropical diseases, will find in this handy and

beautiful book as perfect illustrations as they could wish for of

typical examples of all the families of Diptera possessed of such

pernicious habits. P. H. G.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

November 21 st, 1906. — Sir Archibald Geikie, D.C.L., Sc.D., Sec.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read : —

‘ On the Skull and greater portion of the Skeleton of Gonio-

pJiolis crassidens from the Wealden Shales of Atherfield (Isle of

Wiglit).’ By Reginald Walter Hooley, F.G.S.

In the late autumn of 1904, at a place locally called ‘ Tie Pits,’

near Atherfield Point, a huge mass of the cliff, comprising many

thousand tons of the Wealden Shales, subsided, pushing its foot

across the beach until below low-water line. As the sea washed

away the base, the mass continued to sink, and fresh horizons were

denuded. In 1905 a series of heavy ‘ ground-seas ’ cast up blocks

of limestone and ironstone, containing crocodile-bones, which were

discovered on the sand between high- and low-water marks. The

skull came ashore in six pieces. Fragments of bones, and scutes

were constantly picked up ; and the Author is indebted to

Prof. T. McK. Hughes for the block which had been picked up

and sent to the Sedgwick Museum at Cambridge. The specimens

were derived from a horizon 80 to 90 feet below the top of the

Wealden Shales. A history of the British Goniopholidae from the

foundation of the genus by Owen in 1841 is given, and it is noted

that the frame in the Mantell Collection, now in the British Museum,

not only contains the two type-blocks, but a smaller one with the

impression of the orbital region of the skull, a fragment of the

frontal bone, and the impression and fragments of a moiety of

the right ramus. The skull and bones of the new specimen are

next described, and a detailed comparison is instituted between

G. simus and G. crassidens^ with the result that the specimen

is referred to the latter species, differing in several important

particulars from the former. Comparisons are also made with

other species of Goniopholis, with dsannosuclius and OweniasneJms.

In conclusion, the Author notes that, while in certain features the

species comes nearer to the Teleosaurs than G. simus, it is farther

removed than the latter from them in the position of the posterior

nares.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[SEVENTM SERIES.]

No. 111. MARCH 1907.

XXIV. — Neio Species of Eastern and African ITeterocera.

By Colonel C. SwiNHOE, M.A., F.L.S., &c.

Family Syntomidae.

Syntomis sympJiona, nov.

$ . Antennae black, with white tips ; palpi black ; frons

ochreous, with the centre black ; head and body black, an

ochreous band behind the head j an ochreous spot on each

shoulder ; a longitudinal ochreous streak on each side of the

thorax ; abdomen with an ochreous band at the base and

another on the fifth segment, and some small ochreous marks

on the other segments : fore wings hyaline ; veins thickly

black, broadly so on the interior vein, which is joined to the

median - vein by a broad black bar, the interspace below

ochreous, the discoidal vein broadly black, the black running

up the interspace between veins 5 and 6 for two thirds its

length; costa broadly black, the outer marginal band nar-

rower, but broad at the tip : hind wings with the costa black,

the outer margin with a black band which runs up in the

middle in a circular form to the centre of the wing, and then

curves back to the anal angle, all the interior portion of the

wing being ochreous.

Expanse of wings inch.

Tenom, British North Borneo; one example.

Ann. May. N. Hist. Ser. 7. VoL xix.

14

202

Colonel C. Swinlioe on new

Family Arctiidae.

UtetJiesia IcalUmaj nov.

S . Palpi white, with black tips ; frons and head white, a

large black spot on lower part of the frons ; collar and shoul-

ders yellow, with black spots ; thorax and abdomen white, two

black spots on the middle of the thorax : fore wings bright

dark crimson ; six transverse bands of black spots encircled

with white, two spots close to the base, the other bands at

nearly equal distances apart, the sixth is marginal, the fourth

throws out a branch from the middle and curves close to the

fifth, the space between them here being white : the hind

wings are white, a short black band covering the discoidal

vein and a broad black band on the outer margin slightly

narrowing hindwards, but fairly broad all round, witli its

inner edge somewhat sinuous ; cilia of both wings ochreous

white, with grey spots. Underside : body and legs white,

with black spots ; tarsi black ; abdomen with lateral black

spots : fore wings with the spots confluent, forming rather

broad and prominent bands ; hind wings with two black

costal spots, and in the outer marginal black band are three

white spots — a large one at the apex, a small one in the

middle, and another near the anal angle.

Expanse of wings inch.

Angola; one example.

Family Agaristidae.

Pseudospiris j ucunda,

Pseudospiris jucunda, Jordan, Nov. Zool. xi. p. 444 (1904).

? . Similar to the male, except that the hind wings are

yellower, there is a large black and rather thick lunular mark

at the end of the cell, and a fairly broad blackish-brown

border on the outer margin, with large ochreous spots on the

margin.

Angola; four males, two females.

Dr. Jordan described this species from eight males from

the same locality ; the sexes differ much as they do in the

type of the genus {P. paidiformis, Butler, P. Z, S. 1895,

p. 267, pi. XV. figs. 8, 9).

Family EupterotidaB.

Hypsoides cleoiis^ nov.

d- Anfennge black; palpi, head, and body above and

203

Eastern and African Heterocera.

below ochreous : wings white, some ochreous hairs at base of

fore wings and abdominal margin of hind wings ; fore wings

with the veins, a band on the costa, and the apical space

blackish, this colour running narrowly down the outer margin

and is diffuse inwardly ; cilia blackish: hind wings without

markings, upper half of cilia blackish : the abdomen has grey

segmental bands ; legs ochreous, with black stripes ; tarsi

black.

Expanse of wings inches.

Madagascar ; one example.

Allied to H. hipars^ Butler, also from Madagascar, but the

outer third of the fore wings of that species is black, with a

sharply defined inner margin to that colour.

Family Lymantriidae.

Euproctis Butleri, nom. nov.

Ai'oa immaculataf Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) x. p. 227 (1882).

Duke of York Island (type in B. M.).

I have it in both sexes from New Guinea and Borneo. I

must rename it, because immaculata is twice preoccupied in

the genus Euproctis^ and this insect is a true Euproctis. I

overlooked the species in my memoir on the Lymantriidse in

Trans. Ent. Soc. 1903.

Aroa niasana, nov.

S . Palpi and frons ochreous ; antennae purplish black ;

body and wings of a uniform dark black, tinged slightly with

pink ; a pale longitudinal streak below the cell on each wing ;

a pale lunular mark at the end of the cell of the fore wings ;

the wings coloured similarly above and below ; the abdomen

below and the legs are ochreous.

Expanse of wings inch.

Nias; two examples.

Dasycliira Dudgeoni, nov.

$ . Antennas, palpi, head, thorax, and fore wings dark

brown ; the fore wings variegated in parts with pinkish grey,

two brown ringed spots of that colour near the base; an

oblique indistinct band of lunular marks from middle of

hinder margin to costa at one third from the apex ; a double

row of similar pale markings near outer margin ; cilia

variegated, with a pale line at the base : abdomen and hind

14^

204

Colonel C. Swinlioe on new

wings pale brownish grey, without any markings. Under-

side wdiitish grey, with indications of a transverse, discal,

darker grey band across both wings.

Expanse of wings, $ IJ, $ inch.

Sikkim [Dudgeon) {(^ type in B. M.).

Khasia Hills, $ (fjpe ?)•

Abdomen without dorsal crests.

Dasychlra cymata^ nov.

d . Antennfe, palpi above, head, thorax, and fore wings

dark olive-brown, the last with subbasal, medial, discal, and

submarginal erect lunular black lines, finely marked with

white in places, the second line containing two rather large

dentations ; a rather large lunular ochreous stigma, ringed

wdth black, at the end of the cell : hind wings pale greyish

brown without markings : abdomen grey, with a thin brown

dorsal stripe. Underside pale whitish grey, tinged with

ochreous; the fore wings with pale brown suffusion.

Expanse of wings 1-]% inch.

Darjiling (Moore Coll.) (type in B. M.).

Family Notodontidae.

Tarsolepis javanOj nov.

(^ . Antenna0 brown; palpi, frons, and head ochreous

chestnut-colour ; fore part of the thorax grey, with a thin

black line in front; rest of thorax brown; patagia pinkish

grey, nearly white ; abdomen ochreous grey, with pale brown

segmental bands, abdominal tuft ochreous : fore wings with

broad costal and outer marginal pale pinkish-grey bands ;

the inner portion of the wing dark chestnut-brown, with pale

streaks and a pale space at the base; two hyaline elongated

spots as in T, Sommeri, Hiibner, but proportionately shorter,

and the upper spot with its outer margin curved inwards ;

the outer marginal band contains two or three indistinct grey

lines ; the outer margin is slightly crenulated and has long

black lunules ; the cilia are ochreous, interlined witli grey :

hind wings white, tinged with pale pinkish, the veins promi-

nent, the outer margin with indistinct grey lunular marks.

On the underside the wings are whitish ; a minute black dot

at the end of the cell of the fore wings and a large black spot

on the hind wings.

Expanse of wings 2 inches.

East Java; one example.

Eastern and African lleterocera.

205

Dudusa nohills.

Eudusa nohihs, Walker, xxxii. 447 (1865).

Crinodes Vethi, Snellen, Vetli’s Mid.- Sum., Lep. p. 40, pi. iv. fig-s. 1, 2

(1880).

The type from N. Cliiiui is in the B. M.

Snellen’s types were from Sumatra. 1 have a female from

Ichang-, a female from Makassar, Celebes, and a male from

the Khasia Hills. There is an example in Mus. Oxon. from

Singapore, and Ilampson records it from the Khasia Hills,

Malacca, and Celebes. They appear to me to be identical.

Dudusa synopldy nov.

$ . Antennse black ; palpi dark brown at the outer sides,

the inner sides, frons, head, and thorax ochreous brown ;

crest in the front of the thorax large and upstanding; abdo-

men pale ochreous brown, the sides with broad blackish-

brown segmental bands, the first band crossing the abdomen

above ; anal tuft ochreous grey, with black feathery tips :

fore wings pale ochreous fawn-colour, the veins somewhat

prominent ; a short subbasal blackish band and a broad

oblique blackish band from the costa a little before tlie

middle, where it is more or less obsolescent, to the outer

margin one fourth from the hinder angle, much as in

D. nohilis ) a narrow greyish band from the outer margin

below the apex, running in a slightly waved form to the

hinder margin near the base, where it broadens and becomes

diffuse ; indications of antemedial, double, transverse grey

lines and two similar lines from the coTa one third from the

apex, where it bends inwards, to the middle of the hinder

margin, these lines somewhat crenulate; submarginal pale

lunular marks, with a short brown lunular line in each and

marginal brown lunular marks : hind wings dark brown, with

duplex marginal brown lunules. Underside greyish ochreous ;

a blackish-brown spot at the end of each cell, and a crenulated

brown discal line across both wings, bent inwards below the

middle on the fore wings, evenly curved outwards on the

hind wings; marginal lunules as above; thorax dark brown,

tarsi black ; abdomen greyish ochreous.

Expanse of wings 4^ inches.

Khasia Hills ; three examples.

The antennae are as deeply bipectinate as in the male of

D. nohills^ of which I have both sexes; the wings are much

broader.

206

(volonel C. Swirihoe on new

Fydna hrunnea^ nov.

^ , Antennae, palpi, bead, body, and fore wings ocbreous

brown : fore wings with some pale shades, some costal

blackish-brown dots, a spot one third from apex, a spot below

the middle of the cell, and an outwardly curved discal row of

black dots : hind wings blackish brown, much darker than

the fore wings, no markings. Underside : body and both

wings pale greyish ochreous ; the fore wings with the interior

portions suffused with blackish brown and some marginal

black dots on the upper half ; hind wings with a brown spot

at the end of the cell and a thin discal band, its upper half

crenulated.

Expanse of wings inches.

Khasia Hills; one example.

There is a worn example of a male from Ceylon in the

B. M. unnamed.

Notodonta nodyna, nov.

^ . Antennae, palpi, and thorax brown ; a broad band

behind the head blackish brown ; abdomen paler than the

thorax, with a broad dorsal dark brown band : fore wings

dark brown, with a pink tinge, with three indistinct longitu-

dinal dark brown stripes from near the base to the apex and

a blackish submarginal stripe from the outer margin above

the middle to the hinder margin one third from the angle,

accompanied by a similar stripe on the margin, which extends

along the margin and stops at one third from the base;

between these stripes the colour of the wing is paler : hind

wings white, semihyaline, the veins prominent; some grey

suffusion towards the costa and abdominal margins ; a grey

thin band near the outer margin, its lower portion dark and

brownish; a marginal brown band and brown interlined

cilia.

Expanse of wdngs inches.

Khasia Hills ; one example.

Very similar in shape to N. gigantea^ Elwes, of which I

have several examples from the same locality, but the outer

margin, especially of the fore wings, is highly crenulate.

Hyperceschra plana, nov.

? . Head, thorax, and fore wings dark olive-brown, the

latter with a black longitudinal basal streak and many in-

distinct thinner streaks on the outer portions of the wings ;

indications of an angulated discal transverse line ; a sub-

207

Eastern and African Ileterocera,

marginal brown thin band, sinuous and dentated in parts :

hind wings pale grey, with a dark greyish-brown broad

marginal band, the entire wing suffused with pinkish ;

marginal line of both wings blackish brown ; cilia pinkish

grey, with brown patches on the fore wings ; with a brownish

middle band and white tips on the hind wings. Underside

pale uniform grey, with an indistinct pale discal band across

the hind wings ; hind tarsi with brown spots.

Expanse of wings inch.

Omei-shan, W. China (type in B. M.).

HypercescJira tusa, nov.

d . Dark grey : fore wings with more than the basal half

much darker than the outer portions, limited by a thick black

line from the costa at two thirds to vein 4, then curved in-

wards to vein 1, then obliquely inwards to the production at

the middle of the hinder margin, where it is very thick ; a

black mark just inside this on the margin, and two black

angles between them, forming the commencement of a trans-

verse line ; an indistinct, grey, transverse, sinuous band in the

disc ; hind wings grey, without markings ; cilia of fore wings

ochreous grey, of hind wings pale grey, both with darker

patches : antennae, body, legs, and wings on the underside

pale grey, uniform in colour, a slightly darker medial band

across both wings.

Expanse of wings 2 inches.

Japan [Schaus) (type in B. M.).

Allied to H, hasalis, Moore.

HypercescJira curvilinea, nov.

$ . Palpi blackish brown, white beneath ; head and body

ochreous grey ; fore wings with nearly the basal half pinkish

ochreous grey, with some longitudinal black streaks in it,

bounded by an outwardly deeply curved, thick, black, sinuous

line, much retracted a little above the hinder margin, then

straight to the margin at the middle ; the remainder of the

wing dark grey, containing a prominent black, outwardly

curved, highly sinuous line not far from the first line ; two

or three indistinct grey lines ; a submarginal row of black

spear-shaped marks and a black, longitudinal, subapical line :

hind wings grey, with a large black patch on the outer

margin near the anal angle ; cilia of both wings grey, with

small darker patches with a white dot in each patch. Under-

side pale greyish brown, the hinder marginal space of the

208 Mr. A. S. Hirst — Notes on Scorpions.

fore wings and all but the costal space of the hind wings

whitish ; costa of both wings suffused with ochreous, with

some black marks on the outer half of the costa of the fore

wings and indications of a discal line ; a curious angular

mark beyond the middle, below the costa of the hind wings ;

body and legs whitish.

Expanse of wings 2 inches.

Durban, August 1900 (type in B. M.).

LopJiopteryx uniformis^ nov.

$ . Antennae with the shafts brown, plumes ochreous ;

head, thorax, and fore wings dark chestnut-brown, with a

pink tinge; antemedial and postmedial indistinct bands of

pale lunular marks, straight and slightly oblique ; cilia con-

colorous, with a pale basal band : hind wings grey, pale on

the basal half; cilia grey, with a whitish basal band : abdo-

men wdiitish, tinged with pink, with thin grey segmental

bands. Underside: fore wings uniform dull purplish brown,

hind wings grey, no markings ; body and legs grey.

Expanse of wings 2y\ inches.

Mashonaland {Dohhie) (type in B. M.).

XXV. — Notes on Scorpions., with Descriptions of Two new

Species. By A. S. Hikst.

Family Buthidae.

Babycurus somalicus, sp. n.

Colour brownish yellow or yellow; vesicle, hand, and

lower surface of body paler ; fingers of hand light brown ;

aculeus black, the basal portion excepted.

Carapace slightly trapezoidal, the frontal edge weakly

concave ; ocular tubercle granular, the groove between the

eyes smooth. Distribution of granules apparently much as

in zamhonelUj the surface being covered wdth numerous

granules, unequal in size and leaving several small spaces

(devoid of granules), which are especially noticeable in the

median part. Median eyes bordered on each side by an

area furnished with minute granules. Median area of fronttd

region with an aggregation of large granules.

Abdomen. Tergites minutely granular in their anterior

parts, posteriorly provided wiHi large shining granules in

Mr. A. S. Hirst — Notes on Scorpions. 20i)

addition to the minute ones. Keels granular, incomplete

anteriorly. Tliird and fourth sternites with sparse granules

laterally ; fifth sternite granular and provided with four

granular keels.

Tail, Keels distinct and granular In all segments. First

segment with ten keels, segments 2-4 with eight, fifth seg-

ment with five. Dorsal surfaces concave in segments 1-4 ;

fifth caudal segment slightly convex dorsally and provided

with a narrow and shallow median groove ; posterior portion

of this last segment narrowed, but exceeding the vesicle in

breadth. Intercarinal spaces minutely granular ; the granules

very sparse on the dorsal surfaces of the first four segments ;

fifth caudal segment more strongly granular. Vesicle hairy,

granules absent ; spine under aculeus laterally compressed

and terminating in a little knob.

Palp. Hand with scattered granules on the inner edge,

outer and inner keels of the dorsal surface minutely but

distinctly granular; finger-keel granular only in that portion

which is situated on the hand itself. Movable finger pro-

vided with eight series of granules exclusive of the short

apical series, six series ending on the outer side in two large

granules, the last pair of granules situated at the base of the

prebasal series. Upper surface of the femur of the palp

minutely and densely granular.

Pectinal teeth 19-20 in number.

Measurements in rnm. Length of cephalothorax 5'5, of

tail (vesicle excl.) 23, of movable fingerfi, of hand-back 3*6 ;

breadth of hand 2*25, of tibia 1'75; total length 47.

Mab. A $ specimen (the type) labelled Berbera and

Durbar, Somaliland, sea- level to 400 ft.,^^ and a second from

the Wagar Mountains behind Berbera, 3000-4000 ft. The

specimens were collected by Mr. G. W. Bury.

Remarks. This species is closely allied to zamhonelli,

Borelli, from which it apparently differs in the granular keels

of the manus, the little knob terminating the spine under

the aculeus, the distinct keels of the last caudal segment, the

minute granules of the upper surface of the femur of the palp,

and in the fact that the movable finger is provided externally

with two large granules situated at the base of the prebasal

series of granules.

Genus ISOMETROIDES, Keys.

There are two species of this genus in the collection of

the British Museum and each is represented by a single

specimen. I believe them to be the two described species

210 Mr. A. S. Hirst — Notes on Scorpions.

I. angusticaudus, Keys., and I. vescuSj Karscli ; I have not

seen the typical specimens of these species, however. The

more important differences are given below,

Isometroides angusticauduSy Keys.

Isometroides angusticaudus, Keyserling, Araoh. Austral, vol. ii. p. 19

(1884-89) ; Kraepelin, Das Tierreich, Scorpiones et Pedipalpi,”

p. 40 (1899).

Fourth caudal segment with eight granular and well-marked

keels; surface granular, the granules larger than in the pre-

ceding segments, with few punctures. Surface of fifth caudal

segment with numerous punctures, rugulose. Pectinal teeth

twenty-three in number. Measurements in mm. : length of

tail (vesicle excl.) 23, of fifth caudal segment 6*5 ; breadth

of fifth caudal segment 3’5 ; total length 41.

Hah. A single example from Port Lincoln, Australia.

Isometroides vescus^ Karsch.

Isometrus vescus, Karsch, SB. Ges. naturf. Berlin, p. 58 (1880).

Isometroides vescus^ Keyserling, Arach. Austral, vol. ii. p. 17 (1884-89) ;

Kraepelin, Das Tierreich, “Scorpiones et Pedipalpi,” p. 40 (1899).

Fourth caudal segment provided with eight indistinct keels;

devoid of granules and with distinct punctures. Fifth caudal

segment smooth and shiny, with numerous punctures.

Pectinal teeth 24-25 in number. Measurements in mm. :

length of tail (vesicle excl.) 2P5, of last caudal segment 6;

total length 39 ; breadth of last caudal segment 2'5.

Ilah. Kalgorlie near Coolgardie, W. Australia.

Tityus Kraepeli'ii^ Pocock,

Tiiyus Kraepelini, Pocock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) x. p. 379

(1902).

The name Kraepelini being preoccupied *, I propose that

of Pococki for this species.

Hah. Abundant at Merida, also found at Obama, Venezuela.

Family Scorpionidae.

Diplocentrus nitidus, sp. n.

Colour. A very dark brown, maims paler, legs and under

surface of a much paler colour.

* Borelli, Boll. Mus. Torino, xiv. no. 315 (1899).

211

Mr. A. S. Hirst — Notes on Scorpions,

Carapace minutely punctured, more sparsely so on the

raised portions ; surface smooth and polished, devoid of

granules. Median groove present in front of the eyes.

Anterior border with a deep bay.

^5<iome«.'Tergites smooth and polished, minutely punc-

tured ; provided on their hinder edges with a row of granules,

which is incomplete in the median line. Last tergite with

large isolated granules laterally. Sternites smooth and

polished, minutely punctured ; the punctures more distinct

on the last sternite, which is furnished with four smooth

keels.

Tall stout ; superior dorsal keels of the first four segments

formed by a few fairly large granules, the posterior granule

of each series enlarged. Ventral keels much as in antillanus,

smooth, and each bearing a few setiferous depressions.

Accessory lateral keels ill-defined. Vesicle very stout, its

surface minutely punctured and devoid of granules.

Fectines with nine teeth.

Feet with minute punctures, tarsi angular and with but

few punctures; tarsi of third and fourth legs provided with six

spines on the inner edge and with a proximal crescent of four

granules, externally with 6-7 spines.

Manus narrow, lobe reduced ; dorsal surface smooth and

keelless, less densely punctured than is the case in antillanus

and with frequent unpunctured spaces which give it a reti-

culate appearance.

Measurements in mm. Length of carapace 5, of tail (in-

cluding vesicle) 20, of first two segments of tail 5*5, of last

segment of tail 4*75, of movable digit of hand 5 5; total

length 36 ; breadth of last segment of tail 2*6, of tibia of

palp 2*25, of vesicle 3 ; greatest breadth of hand 4 ; length

of vesicle (aculeus excl.) about 4.

Hah, San Eamon, Kio Wanks, about 185 miles above

Cape Gracias, Nicaragua. A single specimen collected by

Mr. G. Palmer in the month of July 1905.

Remarks, Allied to antillanus, Pocock, from which it may

be distinguished by the weakly lobed, keelless hands, the

dorsal surfaces of which are punctured in a reticulate fashion,

and also by the stout tail and vesicle, the coarse and less

numerous granules of the superior dorsal keels of the tail,

and the deep bay of the anterior margin of the cephalo-

thorax.

212

Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

XXVI. — Descriptions of Three new Liz irds and a new Frog,

disco oered hi) J)r. W. J. Ansorge in Angola, By G. A.

BoulengerJ F.li.S.

Phy Uodactylus An sorgi i.

Head ratlier small^ oviform, much longer than broad ; snout

not longer than the distance between tiie eye and the ear-

opening, which is small and oval. Body very elongate ;

limbs moderate. Digits moderately depressed, with large,

sublrapezoid terminal expansions ; eight lamellae under the

fourth toe. Head and body covered with uniform, smooth,

flattened granules, which are larger on the snout and on the

belly. Rostral twice as broad as deep, without cleft above ;

symphysial small, a little longer than broad ; ten upper and

as many lower labials ; rostral and flrst upper labial entering

the nostril ; no chin-shields. Tail cylindrical, (apering,

covered with uniform, small, quadrangular, smooih scales.

A curved transverse series of 8 or 9 enlarged prseanal scales

(indicating prmanal pores in the male?). Bale greyish brown

above, with a series of large whitish spots along each side of

the back ; a dark streak on each side of the head and neck,

passing through the eye; upper lip and lower parts white,

with small brown spots.

mm.

Total iengtli 75

Head 10

Width of head 6

Body 35

Fore limb 12

Tlind limb 15

Tail 30

Two female specimens from Maconjo, Benguella.

The more slender form and the enlarged pra3anal scales

well distinguish this species from P. porphyreuSy Daud.

Mahuia Icevis.

Head and body much depressed. Snout short, pointed.

Lower eyelid with a very large undivided transparent disk.

Nostril behind the vertical of the suture belwcen the rostral

and the flrst labial ; a postnasal ; anterior loreal in contact

with the first labial ; supranasals narrow and widely separated

by the fronto-nasal, which forms a suture with the rostral and

with the frontal ; frontal as long as fronto-parietals and inter-

parietal together, in contact with the first, second, and third

213

Lizards Jrom Angola.

supraocLilars ; four supraoculars ; six supraciliarles ; parletals

in contact behind the interparietal, followed by a pair of large

nuchals ; five upper labials anterior to the subocular, wdiich

is large and not much narrowed interiorly. Ear-opening

large, suboval, with projecting granules on its anterior

border. Scales perfectly smooth, dorsals largest, 32 round

the middle of the body. The hind limb reaches the elbow of

the aJpressed fore limb. Toes moderately long, slender;

subdigital lamellae with a tubercular keel. Tail depressed,

with a series of transversely enlarged scales above and

beneath. Head red, body and tail bluish grey; a broad

black vertebral band, bifurcating on the nape; a black lateral

band, passing through the eye, confluent with large spots

below it oi\ the neck and body ; ’ limbs bluish grey, with

the scales black-edged.

mm.

Total length 130

Head 13

Width of head 7

Body 39

Fore liinh lo

Hind limb 22

Tail ^ 78

A single specimen, rather damaged, from Macon jo,

Benguella.

Mahuia Ansorgii.

Snout short, obtuse. Lower eyelid wdth a large undivided

transparent disk. Nostril anterior to the vertical of the

suture between the rostral and the first labial ; a postnasal ;

anterior loreal not in contact with the first labial ; supranasals

in contact behind the rostral ; fronto-nasal broader than long,

forming a very narrow suture with the frontal ; frontal as

long as the fronto-parietals and the interparietal together, in

contact with the second and third su})raoculars ; four supra-

oculars, second largest ; five supraciliaries, second largest ;

fronto-parietals distinct, a little smaller than the interparietal;

parietals just meeting behind the interparietal; a pair of

nuchals ; five or six labials anterior to the subocular, which

is much narrowed inferiorly. Ear-opening oval, as large as

the transparent palpebral disk, with four short pointed

lobules anteriorly. Dorsal and nuchal scales strongly

quinquecarinate ; 42 scales round the middle of the body,

dorsals largest. The hind limb reaches the elbow of the

adpressed fore limb. Scales on the soles sharply keeled,

spinose ; subdigital lamellje sharply tricarinate, spinose.

214

On a new Frog from Angola.

Yellowish brown above, with two pairs of broad black lonf^i-

tudinal bands on the back and one on each side from the eye

to the tail ; each pair of dorsal bands separated by a narrow

light line and confluent into a single band on the tail; lips

and border of the ear pink ; lower parts whitish, chin spotted

with brown.

mm.

Total length (tail reproduced) 142

Head 17

Width of head 12

Body 69

Fore limb ’ 27

Hind limb 37

A single, somewhat damaged specimen from Caconda,

Benguella.

Closely allied to M. Bocagii^ Blgr.

Eana hunoderma.

Vomerine teeth in two short oblique series commencing

from the inner front edge of the choanse. Head moderate ;

snout pointed, as long as the orbit ; canthus rostralis obtuse ;

loreal region deeply concave ; interorbital space much nar-

rower than the upper eyelid ; tympanum distinct, two thirds

the diameter of the eye. Fingers moderate, blunt, first not

extending beyond second ; toes moderate, one-third webbed ;

subarticular tubercles small but very prominent ; a small,

oval, inner metatarsal tubercle, no outer tubercle. Tibio-

tarsal articulation reaching a little beyond the tip of the

snout. Back with very prominent, tectiform, large warts,

forming irregular longitudinal series ; no lateral fold. Olive-

grey above, with large roundish black spots on the body

and cross-bars on the limbs ; a fine light vertebral streak ;

a light cross-bar between the eyes and a light spot on the

tympanum ; lips black ; hinder side of thighs reddish brown,

dotted with white ; lower parts wdiite.

From snout to vent 35 mm.

A single female specimen from Caconda, Benguella.

Intermediate between R. mascareniensisj D. & B., and

R. Grayij Smith.

On new Shells from Lower Bengal,

215

XXVII. — Diagnoses of new Species of Corbula and Blthinella

from Lower Bengal, By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S.

The species described in the present paper form part of a

small collection recently sent to me for identification by the

authorities of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. All were

collected in the brackish pools near Port Canning, at the

northern extremity of the district known as the Sandarbans

in the Ganges Delta, and are the property of the Indian

Museum.

Corbula abhreoiata^ sp. n. (Fig. 1.)

Shell nearly equivalve, roundly ovate, inflated, thin,

greyish white, posteriorly obliquely rounded, anteriorly

sharply abbreviated, sculptured with rather coarse concentric

lines of growth ; umboes small, situated somewhat anteriorly.

Alt. 3*5, length 4*25 mm.

Hab, Port Canning, Lower Bengal; in brackish pools.

Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Fig. 1.

Corhula ahbreviata.

Fio-. 2.

Corhula Alcocki.

Fig. 3.

Corhula calcaria.

Fig. 4.

Corhula gracilis.

Fig. 5.

Corhula Pfefferi.

Fig. 6.

Bithinella canningensis.

Corbula Alcocki^ sp. n. (Fig. 2.)

Shell irregularly rhomboidal, rather ventricose, tliin,

whitish, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly produced, angled

21G

On new Shells f rom Lower Bengal.

from the umboes, sculptured with fine concentric lines ot

growth; uinboes small, nearlj central.

Alt. 3*25, length 5 rum.

Jlah. Port Canning, Lower Bengal ; in brackish pools.

Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Corhula calcaria, sp. n. (Fig. 3.)

Shell elongatelj oval, depressed, thin, chalky white, poste-

riorly sharply rounded, anteriorly truncate; umboes small.

Alt. 3, length 5 mm.

Hah. Port Can ning. Lower Bengal ; in brackish pools.

Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Corhida gracilis^ sp. n. (Fig. 4.)

Shell oblong-ovate, thin, whitish, rather ventricose, obso-

letely concentrically ribbed, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly

elongately produced, truncate ; umboes small, situated some-

V hat posteriorly.

Alt. 4, length 6 mm.

Hal). Port Canning, Lower Bengal ; in brackish pools.

Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Corhida Pfefferi^ sp. n. (Fig. 5.)

Shell ovate, somewhat triangular, moderately ventricose,

thin, white, posteriorly obliquely rounded, anteriorly bluntly

beaked, sculptured with rather coarse, smooth, concentric ribs

and very fine transverse stria3 or scratches, these last being

especially noticeable on the right valve; umboes small,

central.

Alt. 3*5, length 5 mm.

Hah. Port Canning, Lower Bengal ; in brackish pools.

Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Bithinella canningensis^ sp. n. (Fig. 6.)

Shell subperforate, pyramidal, dull yellowish-brown horn-

colour ; remaining whorls 3, somewhat convex ; sutures well

impressed; aperture oval; peristome simple, continuous;

operculum horny, paucispiral.

Alt. 1*75, diam. maj. 1 mm.

I ah. Port Canning, Lower Bengal ; in brackish pools.

Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.

On new Land- Shells from Xew Caledonia.

217

XXVIII. — Descriptions of Nine new Species of Land- Shells

from New Caledonia. By H. B. PiiESTON, F.Z.S.

When recently working tlirough a quantity of New Caledonian

land-shells I found a number of forms which seemed to be

difficult of determination; these I submitted to Mr. G. K.

Gude, who, with his unfailing courtesy, assisted me in identi-

fying a certain number. There were, however, several

species which Mr. Gude suggested might be new, and having

compared these carefully with all available material, I now

venture to describe them as follows : —

Charopa ahena^ sp. n. (Fig. 1.)

Shell depressed, subdiscoidal, thin, bronze-coloured; whorls

3-4, sculptured with moderately fine arcuate ribs; sutures

presenting an almost channelled appearance ; umbilicus

rather wide; aperture lunate ; peristome simple.

Alt. 2, diarn. maj. 4*5 mm.

Aperture : alt. 1*25, diam. 1 mm.

hab. New Caledonia.

4'his form shows some affinity ^^ith C. dispersa, Gass.*,

the chief characters which separate it from that species bemg

its more depressed spire, rather coarser sculpture, and

shallower and narrower umbilicus ; it has also one whorl

less than C. dispersa.

Charopa Margueritce, sp. n. (Fig. 2.)

Shell depressed, rather thin, yellowish-browm, blotched,

streaked, and spotted with chestnut ; whorls 4-5, sculptured

with fine arcuate ribs; spire slightly sunken ; sutures deeply

impressed ; umbilicus wide ; peristome simple ; columella

descending very obliquely ; aperture obliquely lunate ; inte-

rior of shell bearing a callus on the parietal whorl.

Alt. 2’25, diam. maj. 6*25 mm.

Aperture : alt. 2’25, diam. maj. 1 mm.

hah. New Caledonia.

In some respects allied to C. vetula, Gass.f. It is, however,

much larger and more depressed ; it is not so closely coiled,

* Gassies, ‘‘Faune Concliyliologique Terrestre et Fluvio-lacustre de

la Nouvelle Calddonie,” pt. i., Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxiv, 1861,

p. 233.

t Gassies, ibid. pp. 233-234.

Ann. & 'Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 15

218

Mr. H. B. Preston on new

and the chestnut painting readily separates it from that

species.

Fig. 1.

Charopa ahena.

Fig. 2.

Charopa Marguerites.

Fig. 3.

Charopa Gioendolince.

Fig. 4.

Charopa Marioru^,

Fig. 5.

Charopa vicina.

Fig. 6.

Charopa Gassiesiana.

Fig. 7.

Charopa {Tr.) Gudei,

Fig. 8.

Ostodes vitreus. Acmella {8ol.) turbinata.

Charopa OwendoUnce^ sp. n. (Fig. 3.)

Shell orbicular, bearing traces of having been covered with

a rich brown periostracum ; spire concave ; whorls 5-6,

rather closely coiled, sculptured with fine, closely-set, arcuate

ribs, the last whorl descending somewhat abruptly near the

peristome; sutures impressed; umbilicus deep, moderately

wide; peristome simple; aperture lunate.

Alt. 3, diam. maj. 6 mm.

Aperture; alt. 3, diam. 1 mm.

Hah. New Caledonia.

Easily separated from the other Charopce described from

this region by its sunken spire and closely coiled whorls.

Tjand- Shells from New Caledonia.

219

Charopa Marionce, sp. n. (Fig. 4.)

Shell depressed, subcaririiite, somewhat pellucid, pale

yellowish horn-colour, indistinctly blotched and streaked with

light chestnut; whorls 3, sculptured with closely set arcuate

ribs, the last whorl flattened obliquely ; sutures impressed ;

umbilicus very wide : peristome simple; aperture ovate.

Alt. 2, diam. maj. 6'25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 2, diam. 2*25 mm.

Hnh. New Caledonia.

Chiefly remarkable for the excessively wide umbilicus,

which easily distinguishes it from any other species hitherto

described from New Caledonia.

Charopa vicina, sp. n. (Fig. 5.)

Kesembling C. Marionce in general outline; it is, how-

ever, rather smaller, higher in the spire, more carinate, and

of a uniform rich brown colour; the arcuate ribs are much

finer, the sutures not so well impressed, and the umbilicus

is deeper and rather narrower.

Alt. 2*75, diam. maj. 5’75 mm.

Aperture : alt. 2, diam. maj. 1*75 mm.

Hab. New Caledonia.

Charopa Gassiesiana^ sp. n. (Fig. 6.)

Shell narrowly perforate, thin, somewhat transparent,

yellowish horn-colour; whorls 3, regularly sculptured, with

rather distant broad and rounded ribs ; sutures impressed ;

peristome simple ; columella descending obliquely and slightly

reflexed outwards ; aperture roundly lunate, a callosity

appearing inside the shell upon the parietal whorl.

Alt. 2*5, diam. maj. 5 mm.

Aperture : alt. 2, diam. maj. 1*5 mm.

hah. New Caledonia.

Mr. Gude considers this species to be closely allied to

C. melitcej Gass.* ; it is, however, much smaller and more

swollen, and shows no signs of carination ; the umbilicus is

also very much narrower and the sculpture is a great deal

coarser than is the case with C. melitce.

I have much pleasure in dedicating this pretty little species

to the memory of the late Jean Baptiste Gassies, whose

* Gassies, “ Faime Concliyliologique Terrestre et Fluvio-lacustre de

la Nouvelle Caledonie,” pt. ii,, Actes Soc. Lina, Bordeaux, xxviii. 1871,

pp. 24-25.

15^

220 On new Land- Shells from New Caledonia.

Monos:raph of the Terrestrial and Fluviatile Mollusca of

New Caledonia is invaluable to the student of the concho-

logical fauna of that island.

Charopa [Tropidotropis *) Gudei^ sp. n. (Fig. 7.)

Shell discoidal^ sharply carinate, covered with a slightly

lamellose periostracum ; spire flat; whorls 3-4, painted with

purple flame-markings, which appear as blotches near the

sutures ; sutures impressed base of shell very convex ;

umbilicus moderately broad, deep; peristome simple;

aperture securiform.

Alt. 2*75, diam. maj. 7*25 mm.

Aperture : alt. 2, diam. 3 mm.

Hah. New Caledonia.

Readily separable from its ally T. trichocoma, Crosse f, by

its narrower umbilicus and by its less lamellose periostracum ;

moreover the spire is not quite so flat as is the case with

2\ trichocoma.

Ostodes vitreus^ sp. n. (Fig. 8.)

Shell depressedly turbinate, transparent, pale hoin-colour ;

whorls 4-5, the last three sculptured with spiral lirse, obso-

lete only on the base near the aperture ; sutures well im-

pressed ; umbilicus rather wide and deep ; peristome serrated

by the termination of the spiral lirse ; aperture subcircular ;

columella curved, a callosity joining it with the lip above ;

operculum paucispiral, horny, concave.

Alt. 5*25, diam. maj. 7*5 mm.

Aperture: diam. 2’5 mm.

Hah. New Caledonia.

The present species may be compared with Ostodes upolensis^

Moussa, from Upolu ; it is, however, more depressed, the

sculpture is coarser and more regular, and there are no traces

of crenulation ; moreover it is much thinner and more

transparent than is the case with 0. npolensis.

Acmella [Solenomphala) turhinata, sp. n. (Fig. 9.)

Shell perforate, turbinate, smooth, polished, brownish

horn-colour, indistinctly streaked with grey ; whorls 5, the

last three very convex ; sutures deeply impressed ; umbilicus

moderately wide; peristome simple; columella descending

* Ancey, Bull. Soc. Mai. Fr. v. p. 370.

t Journ. de Conchyl. vol. xyi. pp. 158-160.

On new Genera and Species 0/ Syrifomidse. 221

in a curve and reflc^xed outwards over the umbilicus ; aperture

roundly ovate ; operculum concave, horny, paucispiral.

Alt. o'16, diam. rnaj. 3*25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1‘25, diam. 1 mm.

Ilab. New Caledonia.

Somewhat closely allied to Hydrocena caledonica^ Crosse * ;

it is, however, smaller, has one whorl more, is not so globose,

and is darker in colour ; the sutures are not so deep and the

base is less convex ; moreover it is easily recognizable from

H. caledonica by its much less variegated appearance, the

grey streaks in A. turhinata being only visible in a strong

XXIX. — Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Synto-

midse, Arctiadse, Agaristidse, and Noctuidee. By Sir

Geoege F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S.

The following paper forms a fourth supplement to the first

six volumes of the ‘ Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalaense in the

British Museum,’ the former papers having appeared in the

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. viii. pp. 165-186 (1901),

vol. xi. pp. 337-351 (1903), and vol. xv. pp. 425-453 (1905).

The numbers before the species indicate their position in the

classification adopted in those volumes. The types are in the

British Museum.

Syntomidae.

11 a. Geryx alhipuncta^ sp. n.

S . Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown ; frons

white; tegulse with lateral white patches; patagia with

white streaks on outer edge ; dorsum of thorax with white

streak, metathorax with whitish patch ; sides of pectus and

coxae with white patches ; hind femora streaked with white ;

abdomen with dorsal series of small whitish spots except at

extremity and complete ventral series of whitish bands.

Fore wing black-brown ; a wedge-shaped hyaline patch in

cell ; a patch in submedian interspace from base to near

termen, its lower edge indented by a small dark tooth at

middle ; a spot above base of vein 2 ; a postmedial streak

above vein 6 and slight streak above 7 ; elongate spots above

veins 4, 3. Hind wing black-brown, with small hyaline

* Journ. de Conch, xvii. 1869, pp. 24 & 25.

222

Sir G. F. llainpson on new

spot in lower extremity of cell and large patelies in sub-

median interspace and above vein 2 extending nearly to

termen.

Jiah. Philippines, Luzon, Benguet Prov., Irisan

(McGregor)y 1 ^ type. Exp. 30 mm.

45 a. Myopsyche xanthosorna^ sp. n.

$ . Head black ; palpi and proboscis orange ; antennae

Avhite at tips ; thorax black,' with some orange scales; the

tegulae and patagia orange ; legs mostly orange ; abdomen

orunge, the last three segments black at sides and below.

Fore wing hyaline, the veins and margins black ; the base

with orange patch ; a black discoidal patch, emitting a

fascia between veins 5, 6 to the terminal band, which ex-

pands widely on apical area and into a bidentate patch below

vein 2. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and margins black,

the base, cell, and costal area to beyond middle orange ; the

terminal band expanding widely on apical area and below

vein 2.

Ilab. Uganda, Entebbe (S’. A. Minchin)^ 1 ? type.

Exp. 30 mm.

100 a. Syntomis philippinensis, sp. n,

A. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown; frons and

vertex of head orange; antennse white at tips; tegulse

orange ; patagia orange, with black edges ; metathorax with

orange patch ; pectus and coxae mostly orange ; abdomen

with orange basal patch and bands on six following segments.

Fore wing black-brown ; an orange hyaline wedge-shaped

patch in cell, a wedge-shaped spot below base of cell, an

oblique wedge-shaped patch from below base of vein 2 to

near termen, an elongate streak above vein 6 and slight

streak above 7, and elongate spots above veins 4, 3. Hind

wing black-brown, with orange patch in and below cell

extending to near tornus, and a pair of spots above and

below vein 3.

$ . Vertex of liead black ; abdomen with five bands

beyond tlie basal patch. Fore wing with the patches above

veins 4, 3 and below 2 more elongate.

Hah. Philippines, Luzon, Manila {Fletcher) J', 2 7

type; Mindora (McGregor)., 1 Mindanao, Cagayancillo

[McGregor), 1 J. Exp. 22-26 mm.

223

Genera and Species of Syntomidse.

100 h. Spntoniis ticaonisj sp. n.

Black-brown ; antennae white at tips ; frons and tegulae

orange ; pectus with lateral orange patches ; fore femora

and tibiae streaked with orange; abdomen with basal orange

patch, followed by six bands in male, five in female. Fore

wing with wedge-shaped orange-hyaline patch in end of cell,

a triangular patch below base of cell, an oblique wedge-

shaped patch from b^low base of vein 2 to near termen, an

elongate streak above vein 6, sometimes with traces of a

streak above 7, and elongate spots above veins 4, 3. Hind

wing with orange patch in and below cell to near tornus and

pair of spots above and below vein 3.

Hah. Philippines, Ticao {McGregor) , 3 c? , 1 ? type.

Exp. 24-28 mm.

115 Z>. Sgntomis phceohasis, sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax black shot with metallic green ;

antennse white at tips ; fore coxae, first joint of fore and mid

tarsi, and first three joints of hind tarsi white; abdomen

metallic green, the three medial segments dorsally brilliant

blue with scarlet bands. Fore wing black shot with blue,

the base, basal half of cell, and costal area metallic green ;

a small quadrate hyaline antemedial spot below the cell, a

large spot in end of cell, an oblique narrow spot below base

of vein 2, and small elliptical postmedial spots above veins

6, 4, 3. Hind wing black shot wdth blue; a bar-shaped

hyaline antemedial spot below the cell and a small round

spot beyond lower angle.

Hab. Uganda, Nsadzi I. {E. A. MincMn)^ 1 $ type.

Exp. 32 mm.

132 h. Syntomis Cholmlei^ sp. n.

Black suffused with brilliant metallic blue ; shoulders with

orange spots ; fore femora and tibiae slightly streaked with

orange ; abdomen with dorsal orange patch on basal segment,

lateral orange patches on second and third segments, and

dorsal bands on fourth and fifth segments. Fore wing with

oblong semihyaline orange subbasal patch below cell, an

oblong patch in end of cell, an oblique wedge-shaped patch

below base of vein 2, and postmedial patches above veins

6, 4, 3. Hind wing with almost basal semihyaline orange

patch in and below cell and on inner area, and a rounded

patch beyond the cell above and below vein 4.

Huh. Br. E. Africa, Mola {Cholmley)^ 3 c? > 2 ? type.

Exp. 28-30 mm.

224

8ir G. F. Ilampsoii on new

2C0 a. Syntomis layosensis, sp. n.

Black ; frons yellowish white ; antennse white at tips ;

pectus and coxae with some yellowish-white scales; abdomen

with dorsal yellowish-white patch at base and band on fifth

segment, the ventral surface with the segments fringed with

yellowish white. Fore wing with wedge-shaped hyaline

patch in cell, an elongate patch below the cell from near base

to near termen, and elongate spots beyond the cell above

veins 6, 4, 3. Hind wing with hyaline patch below the cell

and spot above base of vein 2.

JIab. Lagos, Ebute Meta {Boay), 1 , 2 ? type. Exp.

26 mm.

Genus PAEALiETHiA, nov.

Type, P. sub/o7’micina, Beth.-Baker.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi porrect, not extending

beyond frons ; antennae of male ciliated ; fore tibiae and tarsi

of male thickly fringed with scales on inner side; mid and

hind tibiae with the spurs short. Fore wing with veins 2, 3

from a point long before angle of cell ; 4, 5 from angle ; 6

from long below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 stalked. Hind

wing with vein 2 from long before angle of cell ; 3, 4

absent; 5 from angle; 6, 7 stalked, 6 curved downwards.

271a. Apisa metarctiodes, sp. ii.

d . Head and thorax reddish fulvous ; palpi, frons, branches

of antennae, and tips of tegulae brown ; pectus and fringes of

hair on femora and tibiae brown ; abdomen fulvous, tinged

with brown towards extremity, a slight whitish dorsal band

at base, and subdorsal white spots on second segment ; the

ventral surface brown, with the first three segments fringed

with whitish. Fore wing reddish fulvous, the medial area

suffused with dark brown except at costa, narrowing below

the cell and embracing all the spots, tlie veins of terminal

area with dark streaks ; a quadrate semiliyaline white spot

in middle of cell and an irregularly elliptical spot below

middle of cell extending to below vein 1 ; a trifid spot beyond

upper angle of cell from above vein 7 to below 6 and a bifid

spot above and below vein 4 ; cilia dark brown. Hind wing

wdiitish, the inner area tinged with flesh-yellow^ and the inner

margin and terminal area suffused with brown ; a small

brown spot below end of cell above base of vein 2 ; cilia

225

Genera and Species of Syntomidge.

yellowish; the underside flesh-yellow, the disk whitish; a

curved brown discoidal band.

Huh. Uganda, Ruwenzori, 6000' [Euwenzori Exp.)^ 1

type. Exp. 64 mm.

287 a. Metarctia pidverea, sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax rufous ; abdomen greyish tinged with

rufous. Fore wing rufous thickly irrorated with black; a

small blackish spot above base of vein 2 ; a diffused blackish

discoidal patch. Hind wing greyish tinged with rufous.

Hah. Uganda, Ruwenzori, 6000' [Euwenzori Exp.)^ 1 ?

type. Exp. 42 mm.

290^. Metarctia, Jlaviciliata^ sp. n.

^ . Head and tegulae scarlet ; palpi, sides of frons, and

antennae fuscous ; thorax fuscous, the patagia with scarlet

edges towards base, the vertex with scarlet stripe; tibise and

tarsi fuscous ; abdomen scarlet, the last two segments and

ventral surface with fuscous bands. Fore wing fuscous

brown, the cilia ochreous yellow. Hind wing pale fuscous,

the base whitish, the inner margin yellow, with some scarlet

hair towards base ; cilia ochreous yellow. Underside of fore

wing yellowish, the costal and apical area to vein 2 suffused

with fuscous brown, the cell clothed with scarlet hair; hind

wing yellowish, with the costal area suffused with fuscous.

$ . Abdomen with narrow fuscous dorsal bands and broad

band just before extremity ; fore wing fuscous black, hind

wing fuscous, the cilia of both wings yellow, the underside

similar.

Hah. Uganda, Beni Semliki {Legge ds Wollaston),^ 1 ,

1 $ type. Exp.j S 4:8, ? 58 mm.

299. P seudapiconoma elegans.

? . Head and thorax blue-grey tinged with brown ; palpi,

sides of Irons, basal joint of antennae above, and back ot head

crimson ; pectus (except in front), sides of coxae, femora

above, and tibiae on inner side crimson ; abdomen blue-grey

tinged with brown, the first two segments with diffused sub-

dorsal orange bands, slightly connected dorsally on second

segment ; the next five segments with subdorsal black bands,

narrowing at middle; the lateral tufts of hair brown; the

ventral surface with crimson subventral patches on first six

segments and slight marks on anal segment. Fore wing pale

22G

Sir G. F. llampsoM on neto

ved-brown, tlie inner area and a faint bar across end of cell

tinged with blue-grey. Hind wing orange. Underside of

fore wing with the basal half of costal area, the cell, and area

below it to termen at vein 2 orange ; a crimson spot in upper

end of cell.

Hah. Uganda, Entebbe {Minchin'). Exp. 62 mm.

637 h. Earota nigricinctaj sp. n.

S . Head and thorax black-brown ; tegulse yellow at

sides; metathorax with yellowish-white bar; pectus with

yellow stripes below wings ; abdomen orange, a dorsal black

patch on first segment and dorsal bands on the other seg-

ments, the extremity black ; a lateral series of black spots;

the ventral surface yellowish white, with black bands. Fore

wing black-brown ; a basal yellow patch wdtli irregular outer

edge, angled inwards at vein 1 ; a wedge-shaped hyaline

patch in end of cell and quadrate patch below the cell ;

a postmedial series of five hyaline spots between veins 7 and 2,

the spots below veins 5, 4 extending to near termen, and the

spot below 3 minute and near termen. Hind wing black-

brown ; a small yellow patch at base with irregular outer

edge ; a hyaline patch beyond the cell between veins 7 and 2,

the spots above veins 6 and 2 small.

Hah. Argentina [0. W. Thomas), 2 type., Exp.

28 mm.

892 a. F seudaclytia Jlavidorsia, sp. n.

Head black, the vertex orange; thorax orange, the

outer edge of patagia, pectus, and legs black ; fore coxa3 with

white patches; abdomen black. Fore wing greyish, the

veins black, the inner area suffused with black ; the inter-

spaces of terminal area streaked with black. Hind wing

hyaline ; the veins black ; the inner area black, with slight

semihyaline streaks in submedian interspace; costal area

greyish ; termen black.

Venezuela, Caura Valley (A'%es), 2 cT type. Exp.

16 mm.

1073 a. Eucereon phazophlehiaj sp. n.

Hind wing of male with the inner area truncate towards

tornus ; a fold on underside containing a fringe of yellow

hair.

(^ . Head and thorax yellow-brown; palpi pink at base

and fuscous at sides ; coxa? pale pink ; abdomen fuscous

227

Genera and Species of Arctiadae.

brown, the ventral surface pale pink except at extremity.

Fore wing yellow-brown, the veins darker. Hind wing

fuscous brown.

Hah. Argentina (0. W, Thomas) ^ 1 type. Exp.

30 mm.

Arctiadae.

Nolinm.

13 a. Celama leucoscopula^ sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white, slightly tinged with

pale rufous ; anal tuft pure white. Fore wing white, tinged

in parts with pale brown ; antemedial line black, strong,

angled outwards in cell, then oblique, with brownish suffu-

sion before it; medial and postmedial oblique elliptical

patches from costa; postmedial line very ill-de{lned, bent

outwards below costa, tlien oblique ; traces of a sinuous sub-

terminal line. Hind wing white slightly tinged with brown

and with a faint discoidal spot.

Hah. Ceylon, Ambalangoda [J. Pole)^ 1 S type; Pera-

deniya, 2 ?; Matale, 1 ?; Pattalam, 1 $ ; Hambantota,

2 ? . Exp. 12 mm.

61a. JSola ochrographa^ sp. n.

Head and tegular ochreous white mixed with some

brown ; palpi and sides of frons black-brown ; tliorax brown,

mixed with black ; abdomen greyish suffused with black-

brown, the anal tuft tinged with ochreous. Fore wing

greyish suffused and thickly irrorated with dark brown, the

medial area suffused with red-brown below the cell and on

inner side of postmedial line ; antemedial line black, defined

by ochreous white on inner side, acutely angled outwards in

cell, then very oblique and ending at vein 1 ; the tuft of

scales in cell blackish, the tuft at upper angle greyish, with a

slight black line on its inner edge from costa, angled out-

wards below costa ; postmedial line ochreous white, defined

by black on inner side, very oblique and almost straight ;

subterminal line ochreous white, arising from costa just

beyond postmedial line, excurved to vein 6, then straight; a

fine dark terminal line; cilia fuscous, with a fine pale line at

base. Hind wing ochreous white, the costal and terminal

areas suffused with brown except towards tornus ; the under-

side irrorated with dark brown ; a dark discoidal lunule.

llab. Uganda, Entebbe {flinchin)^ 1 $ type. Exp.

22 mm.

228

Sir G. F. IIiiiiipsoii on new

I'l a. Nola hiconica^ sp. n.

Head and thorax grey-white irrorated with fuscous ; tarsi

fuscous ringed witli white ; abdomen grey tinged with fuscous.

Fore wing white irrorated with brown ; a brown fascia on

base of costa ; anternedial line arising from a small triangular

brown patch on costa, blackish, oblique below submedian

fold, and not reaching inner margin ; the tufts of scales at

middle and end of cell brown, the latter placed at extremity

of a small triangular costal patch, and with an oblique waved

line from it to inner margin ; postmedial line more or less

punctiform, angled outwards below costa, incurved to vein 6

and below 4 ; subterminal line strongly angled outwards at

vein 7 and excurved at middle ; some fuscous on termen.

Hind wing whitish tinged with fuscous ; the underside white

irrorated with browm ; a black discoidal spot.

Hah. Panama, Cana Mines (7)//eco^6), 2 Br. Guiana,

St. Jean Maroni {Schaus)^ 1 ; Brazil, Organ Mts.,Tijuca

(Wagrier)^ 1 ? type; Sao Paulo (Jones) y 1 Exp.

12-16 mm.

74 Nola argyrolepisj sp. n.

$ , Head and thorax ochreous white mixed with rufous

scales i; abdomen ochreous white tinged with rufous. Fore

wing ochreous thickly irrorated with rufous and with a few

black and silvery scales; subbasal line rufous, with a black

point at costa, sinuous, from costa to submedian fold ; ante-

medial line slight, irregularly waved, with black point at

costa; medial line rather diffused, angled outwards at discal

and submedian folds, a small black spot beyond it at upper

angle of cell ; postmedial line angled outwards below costa

and inwards at vein 6, excurved to vein 3, then oblique and

irregularly waved, with black point on it above vein 1; sub-

terminal line indistinct, rufous, angled outwards at vein 7,

excurved at middle, and ending at tornus ; a terminal series

of slight black points. Hind wing ochreous white, tinged

wn’th rufous.

llab. Mashonaland [Dohhie)y 1 $ type. Exp. 22 mm.

75 a. Nola poliotisy sp. n.

? . Head and thorax whitish mixed with fuscous, the

head whiter ; abdomen white suffused with grey. Fore wdng

grey-white irrorated with fuscous ; an indistinct dark ante-

medial line, very oblique from discal fold to inner margin ;

tufts of dark scales in upper part of cell towards extremity

229

Genera and Species 0/ Arctladse.

and at upper angle; an indistinct, oblique, dentate, postmedial

line with blackish points on the veins, somewhat excurved at

middle and incurved in submedian interspace ; a faint dentate

subterminal line, angled outwards at vein 7 and excurved at

middle ; a terminal series of minute dark points. Hind wing

white faintly tinged with brown ; the underside with the

costal area slightly irrorated with brown.

Hah. Transvaal [Chohnley\ 3 ? type. Exp. 26 mm.

76 nt. Nola leucalea^ sp. n.

? . Head and thorax white, sometimes tinged with pale

brown ; palpi brownish at sides ; abdomen white tinged with

brown. Fore wing white irrorated with brown and sometimes

tinged with pale brown ; antemedial line fine, dark, excurved

below costa and incurved at median nervure ; medial line

oblique towards costa, then slightly sinuous ; tufts of dark

scales in cell before antemedial line, in middle, and at upper

angle ; postmedial line slightly incurved from costa to vein 4,

then oblique and slightly sinuous ; subterminal line oblique

towards costa and excurved at middle ; a terminal series of

black points. Hind wing white tinged with brown.

Hah. Transvaal, Piet Retief {^Crawshay^ Janse')^ 3 7

type. Exp. 20-22 mm.

155 5. Roeselia pallidiceps, sp. n.

. Head and tegulge ochreous white; palpi and lower

part of frons black-brown ; thorax grey mixed with fuscous ;

abdomen grey. Fore wfing grey thickly irrorated with

fuscous brown, the terminal half slightly paler ; a dark

slightly curved medial line ; a black discoidal bar, the post-

medial line conjoined to its upper and lower extremities and

excurved beyond cell ; an ill- defined line from costa beyond

it joining the subterminal line at vein 4, and with a dark

striga from costa between them ; tlie subtcrminal line ill-

defined, slightly angled outwards at vein 7 and inwards at

vein 2. Hind wing grey thickly irrorated with fuscous ;

cilia with a fine pale line at base.

Hah. Ceylon [Alston)., 1 A type. Exp. 14 mm.

158 a. Zia ectrocta, sp. n.

^ . Head and thorax white ; legs blackish, the tarsi ringed

with white; abdomen white tinged wfith fuscous. Fore

wing pure white ; a small black spot on costa near base ; a

medial triangular black patch from costa to origin of vein 2,

ii30 Sir G. F. Ilampson on new

its outer edge excised in cell ; two small discoidal tufts of

raised scales with a few dark scales round them; postmedial

line black with small tufts of raised metallic scales on it,

oblique and obsolescent from costa to vein 6, slightly incurved

at discal fold and strongly below vein 4, the area beyond it

rufous except at apex ; subterminal line represented by a

dark point on costa, then on the rufous area white, defined on

inner side by black from below apex to vein 3, excurved

below vein 7 and at middle and below vein 2 angled inwards

to near postmedial line; cilia rufous intersected with white.

Hind wing white, the terminal area slightly tinged with

brown from apex to vein 3.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with tlie postmedial line more angled

inwards below vein 4 and with large black patches beyond

it on inner area and at middle, the latter connected with

terraen below apex by an oblique black fascia.

Hah. Ceylon, Haputale (^Mackwood), 1 type, Maskeliya

[de Mowbray) j 1 , Exp. 20-24 mm.

Lithosianjl.

222 a. Tigrioides termineola^ sp. n.

$. Head and thorax fulvous orange; palpi, frons,tibi8e,and

tarsi blue-black ; antennae blackish; pectus mostly fuscous ;

abdomen yellow with lateral fuscous stripes. Fore wing-

fulvous orange ; a black streak in submedian fold from

middle to termen ; a terminal blue-black band, expanding

below apex and narrow towards tornus ; cilia blue-black.

Hind wing pale ochreous, the veins brownish ; a dark ter-

minal line expanding into a narrow purplish-fuscous band

towards apex, cilia purplish fuscous except towards tornus.

Hab. Ashanti, Kumassi {Whiteside)^ 1 $ type. Exp.

28 mm.

254 a. Ilema barbata, sp. n.

Antennae of male serrate with fascicles of long cilia; fore

wing with the cell clothed with long downturned scales

on upperside, narrow, veins 3, 4 curved downwards, the

discocellulars oblique, an areole.

d. Head and thorax orange; antennae tinged witli

fuscous ; abdomen greyish yellow. Fore wing orange-

yellow, the large downturned scales in cell rather deeper

orange ; a small brownish sj)Ot on costa above end of cell.

Hind wing pale yellow.

Genera and Species of Arctladie. 231

Ilah, Philippines, Luzon, Benguet Prov., Irisan

{McGregor) j 1 type. Exp. 20 mm.

• 301a. llema pentaspilaj sp. n.

? . Head, thorax, and abdomen oclireous ; fore tibiae and

tarsi suffused with fuscous. Fore wing ochreous ; a post-

medial somewhat oblique series of five small black spots,

below costa, in end of cell, a spot below veins 3, 4 displaced

outwards, a short streak-like spot in submedian fold and a

spot above inner margin. Hind wing pile ochreous.

Hab. Singapore {Ridley), 1 $ type ; Borneo, Kuching

{Shelford), 2 $ , Exp. 26-30 mm.

361 h. Ilema atrifrons, sp. n.

Head, tegulae, patagia, pectus, and legs fulvous

yellow ; palpi, frons, and fore legs in front fuscous ; dorsum

of thorax and base of abdomen grey-white, the rest of abdomen

yellow. Fore wing yellow with a whitish suffusion. Hind

wing whitish yellow.

Hah. Nicobars [G. Rogers), 1 type. Exp. 26 mm.

Genus Metagylla, nov.

Type M. miroides.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned, short, the

second joint fringed in front with short rather downturned

hair, the third small with pointed tuft in front; antennae of

male with bristles and cilia; tibiae with the spurs moderate ;

abdomen of male with large dorsal and lateral anal tufts of

hair. Fore wing ratiier narrow ; veins 3, 4, 5 from angle

of cell ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked, 7 from

before 9 ; 10, 11 from cell. Hind wing with vein 3 shortly

stalked with 4, 5 ; 6, 7 coincident ; 8 from middle of cell ;

male with a patch of androconia and fringe of long hair in

and beyond end of cell on upperside.

392 a. Metagylla miroides, sp. n.

$. White; head and thorax above and fore tibiae and

tarsi in front tinged with fuscous ; palpi with the tuft on

third joint fuscous ; abdomen with the dorsal anal tuft

fulvous, the lateral tuft fuscous. Fore wing with the costal

area and inner area to cell and vein 2 sliglitly tinged with

232

Sir G. F. Hampson oji new

fuscous. Hind wing with tlie patch of androconia deep

rufous with some ochreous suffusion beyond it, the fringe of

hair ochreous.

Hah. Fr. Guiana, St. Jean Maroni (^Schaus)^ 1 ^ type.

E.rp. 28 mm.

‘522 a. Aglossosia latifusca, sp. n.

^ . Head and thorax deep orange ; antennse blackish, the

shaft whitish above ; palpi fuseous above ; legs striped with

fuscous ; abdomen orange, with black dorsal stripe and seg-

mental bands except at base. Fore wing fuscous; a yellow

fascia on costa narrowing to a point before apex; a yellow

fascia on inner margin; cilia yellow. Hind wing pale yellow,

the costal area suffused with fuscous or suffused irregularly

with fuscous to submedian fold, leaving the inner area and

termen yellow. Underside of both wings with slight dark

discoidal spot.

Hah, Uganda, Ketoma, 5000' {Doggett) 2 J' type.

Exp. 40 mm.

523 a. Caripodia albescens, sp. n.

$ . Head orange-yellow ; thorax and abdomen whitish

tinged with yellow; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of

abdomen orange-yellow. Fore wing white, tinged with

yellow on costa and inner margin. Hind wing white, tinged

with yellow. Underside suffused with orange-yellow.

Hah. Nigeria [Capt. Richardson), 1 ? type. Exp.

30 mm.

586 a. Flalone flavinigra, sp. n.

^ . Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous, the vertex of

head, base of shaft of antennae, and tegulae yellow. Fore

wing orange-yellow with irregular oblique outer edge ; a

postmedial black band angled inwards below cell and with

rather dentate edges; some diffused fuscous before termen.

Hind wing pale fuscous.

Hah. S. India, Palni Hills, 6000' (IF. H. Campbell),

1 type. Exp. 20 mm.

894 a. Neasura taprohana, sp. n.

A . Ochreous yellow ; antennce at tips, fore legs in front,

and extremities of mid and hind tibice fuscous. Fore wing

233

Genera and Species of Arctladye.

witli black point in base of cell; the costa fuscous to the

curved diffused antemedial line; a blackish discoidal point

on some fuscous suffusion ; postmedial line very diffused and

ill-defined, waved, emitting streaks inwards on the veins and

outwards on veins 7, 6, 4. Hind wing with slight fuscous

suffusion below apex.

Hah. Ceylon, Maskeliya {J. Pole)^ 1 type. Exp.

24 mm.

897 h. Trlcholepis xanthopera^ sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax fulvous yellow; abdomen yellowish,

dorsally tinged with brown. Fore wing pale brown, the base,

costa, and terminal area pale yellow. Hind wing pale yellow

tinged with brown except terminal area.

Hah. Singapore {Ridley)^ 1 S type. Exp. 16 mm.

937 a. Asura toxodes^ sp. n.

d . Head and thorax pale ochreous slightly mixed with

fuscous ; antennse and extremities of tibiae fuscous ; abdomen

ochreous white. Fore wing pale ochreous; costal edge

blackish on basal and terminal areas ; a black point in base

of cell ; some fuscous in subraedian fold ; a highly curved

antemedial line ; a medial line angled inwards in cell ; post-

medial line confluent at costa and inner margin with the medial

line, with which it forms a bow-shaped mark, very oblique

from costa to vein 6 and from 4 to inner margin; a very

irregular subterminal line angled outwards at veins 6 and 4 ;

a fine black terminal line. Hind wing pale semihyaline

ochreous.

Hah. Andamans (^G. Rogers)^ 1 d fjp®* Exp. 24 mm.

966 a. Asura phantasma, sp. n.

A- Whitish ochreous; antennae and fore legs in front

fuscous. Fore wing with the base of costa black ; a small

black spot in base of cell ; an indistinct antemedial series of

spots strongly excurved in cell and less so below it, some-

times almost conjoined into a line ; a medial line oblique

from costa to subcostal nervure, then excurved, often almost

obsolete ; a small discoidal spot ; a postmedial series of points,

sometimes almost obsolete, those on veins 6 and 4 nearer

termen ; one or two points on terrnen sometimes present.

Hind wing pale ochreous, the apex sometimes faintly tinged

with fuscous.

Hah. Andamans {G. Rogers), .5 A type. Exp. 18 mm.

Ann. dj Hag. N. Hist. Scr. 7. Fu/. xix. 16

234

Sir G. F. Ilampson on new

1017 a. Miltochrista ocellata, sp. n.

$. Head and thorax orange-yellow ; patagla and prothorax

with black spots ; tibiae banded with black, the last joint of

tarsi black ; abdomen greyish ochreous, the ventral surface

blackish. Fore wing orange-yellow, small black spots at

base of costa and cell ; fuscous spots below costa, cell, and

above vein 1 before the antemedial line, which is interrupted

at submedian fold and angled inwards above inner margin ;

a large annulus at end of cell ; postmedial line strongly bent

outwards below costa, then highly and irregularly dentate,

strongly incurved below vein 4 and conjoined to antemedial

line above and below submedian fold ; a subterminal series

of small spots on the veins. Hind wing yellow.

Hah, Ceylon, Ohiya [de Mowbray) j 1 $ type. Exp.

40 mm.

1037 a. Miltochrista citrona^ sp. n.

? . Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow ; antennae

and fore legs in front fuscous. Fore wdng pale orange-

yellow ; small black spots on base of costa and in cell ; ante-

medial part of costa streaked with black ; a curved series of

four wedge-shaped black spots before the curved, maculate

antemedial black line; traces of a curved orange medial line;

a black discoidal spot; postmedial black line quadrately

angled outwards betw^een veins 6 and 4, with a series of

strong black streaks on the veins from it to termen ; cilia

black. Hind wdng pale orange-yellow, with short black

streaks on veins towards apex ; cilia blackish on apical

half.

Hah, SiNGAPOEE (Ridley) j 1 ? type. Exp. 24 mm.

1103 a. Palpidia melanotrichay sp. n.

Palpi hardly reaching above vertex of head, the second

joint moderately scaled in front ; antennae of male ciliated ;

fore wing with vein 10 stalked with 7, 8, 9 ; hind wing with

veins 6, 7 stalked.

. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with ochreous ;

palpi with fuscous patch on second joint at sides; tarsi

slightly banded with fuscous. Fore wing white, finely

striated with golden brown and irrorated with long black

hair-like scales on basal, medial, and postmedial areas ; ante-

medial line dark brown, from costa to submedian fold,

straight; postmedial line red-brown, oblique from costa to

235

Oenera and Species of Avctiadae.

discal fold, tlien slightly incurved; an ill-defined, waved, white

subterminal line, excurved below costa and at middle, angled

inwards at discal and submedian folds; a fine black terminal

line ; cilia white, the tips tinged with brown. Hind wing

white, the veins, inner and terminal areas tinged with brown;

a fine black terminal line ; the underside with the costal area

irrorated with brown, a black discoidal striga and interrupted

maculate fuscous postmedial and subterminal lines.

Hah. Jamaica, Runaway Bay (Walsingham) ^ 2 S Ijpe*

Exp. 16 mm.

Arctianm,

1677 a. Mcenas ramosa^ sp. n.

? . Head and thorax white ; palpi yellow ; antennae black;

tegulae slightly edged with pale brown ; patagia and vertex

of thorax streaked with pale red-brown ; legs streaked with

brown; abdomen orange, the anal tuft and ventral surface

white, a dorsal series of black spots except at base and

extremity, subdorsal black points on three medial segments

and a sublateral series. Fore wing white ; a red-brown

fascia in base of cell, then along subcostal nervure and to

costa before apex expanding at angle of cell and at costa ;

a fascia along median nervure and to termen below vein 6,

emitting branches on basal half of veins 2, 3, expanding

and partially enclosing a white spot above middle of

vein 4 ; a fascia on vein 1 ; an oblique fascia from apex to

middle of vein 6 ; a spot on termen at extremity of vein 2.

Hind wing white tinged with yellow; the underside with

minute discoidal point.

Hah. German E. Africa, Dar-es-Salaam, 1 ? type.

Exp. 34 mm.

1761 cr. Diacrisia hypogopa^ x\,

$ . Head and thorax pale ochreous, the vertex of thorax

with black streak; palpi black, the first joint orange; frons

black ; femora crimson above, the fore and mid tibiae fuscous,

the hind tibiae streaked with fuscous, the tarsi fuscous; abdomen

orange, with dorsal and lateral series of black spots, the

ventral surface ochreous with sublateral series of black points

except on basal segments. Fore wing ochreous ; a black

point at base ; an antemedial oblique series of small elongate

black spots from costa to median nervure and spots on inner

area above and below vein 1 ; a point at upper angle of cell

with oblique spot from costa above it and a point just beyond

16*

2.3T) Sir G. F. Ilampson on new

lower anj^le; traces of an oblique postmedial line witli black

point below vein 4 just beyond lower angle of cell, points

above and below veins 3 and 2 and spots above and below

vein 1, the spot on inner margin slightly confluent with the

antemedial spot ; an oblique series of black points from costa

near apex above and below veins 8, 7, 6, and points near ter-

inen above and below veins 5 and 4. Hind wing pale yellow ;

a black discoidal spot and a subterminal series of spots above

and below veins 7, 5, 2 and on vein 1 ; cilia white.

Hah. Singapore [Ridley)^ 1 ? type. Exp, 56 mm.

1765 a. Diacrisia lioloxaniha^ sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax brownish orange ; palpi black at

tips ; fore and mid tibiae black, hind tibiae black at base and

extremity, the tarsi black ; abdomen bright orange with

dorsal, lateral, and sublateral series of black points. Fore

wing uniform brownish orange. Hind wing orange-yellow.

Underside of both wings with blackish discoidal points and

terminal points above and below vein 5.

Hah. Nigeria, Old Calabar [Sampson)^ 1 ? type. Exp.

44 mm.

1794 a. Diacrisia melanodisca^ sp. n.

Head and thorax deep rufous; antennae whitish;

patagia with black spots and paler tips ; tibiae and tarsi dark

brown ; abdomen dull orange with dorsal and lateral series of

blackish spots. Fore wing buff tinged with rufous, especially

towards costa ; a black point at base ; an antemedial series

of black points, angled outwards just below cell ; a large

blackish patch in end of cell confluent with a medial maculate

band, which is angled on median nervure ; an indistinct post-

medial line with dark points on the veins, oblique from costa

to vein 6, incurved at discal fold and oblique below vein 4,

some small black spots beyond it towards costa and from

vein 3 to inner margin, met at vein 6 by an oblique fascia

from costa near apex ; cilia with a series of black spots.

Hind wing pale dull yellow with small black discoidal lunule

and subterminal spots at veins 5, 2, 1.

$ . Fore wing with ground-colour bright rufous irrorated

with brown.

Hah. Uganda, Kuwenzori, 6000' [Ruwenzori Exp.)y 1 (^ ,

1 7 type. Exp., S 38, 7 40 mm.

Genera and Species of Arctladce.

237

1814 Diacrisia coccinea^ sp. n.

J . Head white ; palpi scarlet, the third joint blackish;

antennse black; tegula3 and patagia white edged with scarlet,

the latter with black spot; thorax scarlet with pair of dorsal

white streaks ; pectus scarlet ; legs white, the femora scarlet

above, the tibiae and tarsi streaked with brown ; abdomen

scarlet, with dorsal, lateral, and sublateral black spots on

medial segments, the ventral surface white. Fore wing

scarlet, the interspaces of disk thinly scaled, the costa and

veins towards base streaked with w'hite, the inner area with

slight blackish irroration ; small antemedial black spots

below costa and above and below vein 1 ; small postmedial

spots above and below vein 1 ; cilia whitish. Hind wing

semihyaline, the costal and inner areas and termen suffused

with scarlet.

$ . Fore wing with the disk not thinly scaled ; hind wing

wholly scarlet, the cilia whitish.

Hah. Philippines, Luzon, Benguet Prov., Irisan

[McGregor) j 1 (5" ? 1 ? fjpe. Exp.^ d mm.

1824 a. Acantharctia airiramosay sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax ochreous white ; antennse black,

ochreous at base; legs black, the femora above orange;

abdomen pale orange tinged with brown, the base white, the

extremity and ventral surface greyish, lateral series of black

spots and sublateral stripes. 4’ore wing ochreous white ;

a black fascia from middle of subcostal nervure to apex,

emitting a short spur on vein 6 ; a black fascia on median

nervure, emitting liner branches on veins 4, 3, 2 ; a black

streak on vein 1 to termen. Hind wing white.

Hah. Uganda [Doggett)^ 1 ^ type. Exp. 44 mm.

1860 Z>. Estigmene neuriastisy sp. n.

S . Head whitish ; palpi and antennae blackish ; thorax

greyish, the tegulae and patagia edged with orange; tibiae

and tarsi brownish streaked with black ; abdomen orange

with dorsal black segmental bands, the ventral surface

yellowish white with lateral and sublateral series of small

black spots. Wings yellowish white, the veins finely streaked

with blackish ; fore wing with the margins rather yellower.

Hah. Angola, Bihe, 1 type. Exp. 44 mm.

238

Sir G. F. Hampsoii on new

1870 Estigmene flavice;ps j sp. n.

. Head orange-yellow ; palpi and antennae black ;

thorax white ; pectus and legs orange-yellow, the tibiae and

tarsi striped with black; abdomen orange-yellow, the basal

segment and ventral surface white, a dorsal series of black

bands except at base and extremity, and lateral series of

black spots and sublateral series of points except at base and

extremity. Fore wing white, the costal edge orange-yellow.

Hind wing white.

Hab. Sierra Leone [Quinton)^ 2 S type. Exp, 36 mm.

1878 a. Pericallia nephelistis, sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax grey mixed with fuscous brown ;

patagia, meso- and metathorax with paired blackish spots;

pectus and legs yellow, the tibiae and tarsi greyish, the

latter banded with black; abdomen yellow with dorsal series

of black patches, except on two basal segments, and lateral

series of spots. Fore wing brownish grey, mostly clouded

with fuscous blotches and spots, some of them forming a

subbasal band from costa to submedian fold with two small

spots beyond it in submedian interspace, an antemedial

band angled outwards in cell, then oblique to vein 1, a

medial patch in and below cell connected with a patch on

costa, some confluent markings on middle of inner margin;

a diseoidal patch confluent with a patch on costa, and some

very irregular and partly confluent postmedial and sub-

terminal spots; a scries of small spots on termen and cilia.

Hind wing pale yellow, with diseoidal blackish spot and

point at lower angle of cell ; two small spots on basal part of

vein 2 and two irregular spots on vein 1 ; irregular sub-

terminal patches from costa to vein 4, vein 3 to submedian

fold and above tornus.

Hah, Angola, Bihe, 3 $ type. Exp, 52 mm.

1994 a. Turuptiana sanguinea^ sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen black ; femora crimson above ;

abdomen with crimson subdorsal fasciae not reaching base.

Fore wing black ; an irregular curved antemedial crimson

band expanding on costa towards base and extending to

vein 1 ; a medial, ratlier triangular band from costa to

vein 1, indented by black streaks on the veins; a small spot

beyond the cell ; a curved postmedial band from costa to

vein 1 with slight dark streaks on the veins; apical part

239

Genera and Species of Arctiadae.

of costa and cilia pale yellowish tinged with crimson. Hind

wing crimson, a little black at base; a discoidal limule;

a terminal black band narrowing to a point at vein 1.

Ilah, Bolivia, La Baz, 9000', 1 c^, 1 $ type. Exp,

28 mm.

2028a. Antarctia rhodosoma^ sp. n.

d . Head fuscous with tufts of orange hair on basal joint

of antennas ; palpi crimson with the third joint black ; tegulae

black, with dorsal crimson streak; patagia orange; thorax

black; pectus and legs dark brown, the coxae and femora

crimson ; abdomen crimson, with dorsal and lateral series

of small black spots, the ventral surface black. Fore wdng

pale reddish brown, the base yellowish, the subbasal area,

cell, and a discal patch tinged with fuscous. Hind wing

pale semihyaline brown, the cell and a streak in discal fold

sliglitly tinged with fuscous.

Hah. Chili, Maquahue, Temuco {Middleton)^ 1 S tjpe.

Ex^). 38 mm.

2034 a. Antarctia atrifascia^ sp. n.

d . Head and thorax rufous, tinged with brown ; palpi

blackish ; frons and pectus in front with blackish hair

mixed ; tore tibiae blackish fringed with rufous hair ; abdomen

ochreous suffused with brown. Fore wing brownish ochreous

irrorated with fuscous; a diffused black streak below

median nervure to origin of vein 2 ; a slight streak in lower

part of cell from middle to above middle of vein 5 ; a black

discoidal point ; a terminal series of small black spots.

Hind wdng pale ochreous suffused and irrorated with fuscous.

Underside of fore wing suffused with fuscous ; hind wing

with black discoidal point.

Hab. Bk. E. Africa, Aberdare Range {R. Ford)^ 1 S

type. Exp. 36 mm.

2086 a. Utetheisa pulchelloideSj sp. n.

Differs from U. pulchella in the antennae of male being

serrate instead of ciliated and in the hind wing having the

fold and tuft on inner area.

It varies much in the same way as U. pulchella^ but never

seems to lose the black spots of fore wing, which usually has

the ground-colour rather white ; in specimens from the

Rew Hebrides and Solomons the black terminal band on

hind wing is largely developed, and it appears to be conhned

to Oceanic and other islands and to N. Australia.

240

Sir G. F. Hampson on nev)

Hah. Seychelles, Praslin (Fletcher), 2 ^ , 1 $ ; Car-

GADOS CarejoS (Fletcher), 1 ^ COETIVY (Fletcher), 1 ,

1 $ ; Amirantes {Fletcher), Poivre, 1 , 1 $ , D’Anos, 1 ,

St. Josepli, Eagle, 1 c? j Desroches ; Chagos Is., Peros

Banlios (Fletcher), 1 ^ type, Salomon Atoll, Diego Garcia ;

Ceylon, Kandy (Green), 3 , 2 Peradenyia, Ham-

Lantota, Trincomali (Fletcher), 1 , 1 $ ; Cocos-Keeling I.

(Darwin, Wood- Jones), 3 ^ ; CHRISTMAS I. (Andrewes) , 1 ^ j

2 ?; Singapore (Ridley), 1 (^, 1 ?; Formosa (Seehohm,

Dickson, Ilohson), 1 , 5 ?; LOO-CHOO Is. (Fryer), 1

New Guinea (Mathew), 1 , 3 ? ; N. Australia, Baudin I.

(J. J. Walker), 1 , 1 $ , Pt. Darwin (J. J. Walker), 3 S i

2 Queensland, Cooktown (de la Garde), 2 $; SOLO-

MON Is., Alu (Woodford, Mathew), 2 S', Gilbert Is.

(WoodfojA), 2 S', Marshall Is. (Mathew), IS, 2 ?;

Ellice Is. (Woodford, Mathew), 4 S, I ?• Exp.

34-44 mm.

I am indebted to Paymaster T. Bainbrigge Fletclier for

pointing out the distinctions and suggestiug the name of

this species. The larva feeds on Tournefortia argentea.

Specimens from the mainland of Africa and Asia, Ceylon,

Colombo, Nicobars, Java, New Guinea, Port Moresby, New

South Wales, Tasmania, and Fiji are IJ. pulchella.

2087 a. Utetheisa pectinata, sp. n.

S . Differs from U. pulchella only in the male having the

antennae bipectinate with very short branches, and the hind

wing having the fold and tuft on inner area.

Hah. N. Australia, Port Essington, 1 S Exp.

36 mm.

This species belongs to the same section of the genus

as U. antennata, which also has the fold and tuft on inner

area as well as the pectinate antennae.

2107 a. Rhodogastria atrivena, sp. n.

$ , Pure white; palpi tinged with yellow, black above;

fions black at sides and with two black spots above; vertex

of head with black point ; antennae brownish ; tegulae,

shoulders, patagia, and piotliorax with pairs of small black

spots, those on tegulae larger ; legs yellow, the knees with

black spots; abdomen with lateral black points except on

basal segments and minute sublateral black streaks on two

medial segments. Fore wing with fine black-brown streaks

241

Genera and Species of Agarlstidse.

on tlie veins and minute discoidal point. Hind wing with

minute discoidal point.

Hah. Uganda, Entebbe {Minchin)j 1 ? type. Exp.

60 mm.

Agaristidse.

81. Xanthospilopteryx llornimani,

Subsp. Minchini^ nov.

? . Fore wing with the antemedial and medial yellowish-

white patches confluent, leaving a slight black streak on

middle of subcostal nervure with small spots below it in and

below middle of cell ; a yellowish-white streak above inner

margin, except towards base and tornus ; the oblique band

beyond the cell much broader, a fascia between veins 3, 2

from below end of cell to near termen ; the spot above tornus

slight. Hind wing with the terminal band narrower and

with slightly waved inner edge.

Hah. Uganda, Entebbe {Mincliin')^ 1 ? type. Exp.

82 mm.

Genus Acantuerta, nov.

Type, A. {Tuerta) thomensis, Jord.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned, the second joint

fringed with long hair in front, the third porrect and some-

what dilated at extremity ; frons with truncate conical

prominence wdth raised rim in front and corneous plate below

it, very narrow above between the eyes, which are naked ;

antennae somewhat dilated towards extremity; mid and hind

tibiae spined ; abdomen with dorsal crests on first two seg-

ments. Fore wung wflth veins 3 and 5 from near angle

of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 9 from 10 anastomosing with 8

to form the areole ; 11 from cell. Hind wdng with veins 3, 4

from angle of cell ; 5 obsolescent from middle of disco-

cellulars ; 6, 7 from upper angle, 8 anastomosing with the

cell near base only.

161 a. Tuerta cyanopasta^ sp. u.

7 . Head and thorax black-browm ; pectus pale orange at

sides; fore tibiae and the tarsi with greyish rings; hind

tibiae with the basal half mostly orange and fringed with

orange hair; abdomen orange, the dorsal crests black, the

extremity blue-black, the ventral surface w'ith the basal half

brownish, the terminal half blue-black and forming an

242

Sir G, F. Hampson on new

elliptical depression. Fore wing deep chocolate-brown

suffused with silvery blue to the subterminal line ; the base

of inner margin black-brown ; a waved antemedial black bar

from costa to median nervure and an almost medial waved

bar from submedian fold to inner margin ; blue stigmata

strongly defined by black in end of cell and on discocellulars,

the former oblique elliptical and conjoined at lower ex-

tremity to the latter, which is lunulate and dilated at lower

extremity ; postmedial line strong, black, excurved below

costa and at middle, angled inwards at discal fold, strongly

incurved below vein '6 to lower edge of reniform, then

waved ; the outer edge of the blue area dentate, with small

blackish spots in the interspaces, angled outwards at

veins 6, 4, 3, then incurved; a terminal series of small

black spots and a fine waved terminal line; cilia bluish

fuscous with a slight pale line at base. Hind wing deep

oiange with black-brown terminal band, its inner edge in-

curved at discal fold, narrowing to a point at tornus; cilia

with a fine pale line at base. Underside of fore wing orange,

except costal area and the broad terminal area, a black spot

in end of cell and broad oblique discoidal bar to the terminal

band at vein 2; hind wing with golden-brown suffusion on

costal half except at base, and before the terminal band

except towards tornus.

Ilab, Be. E. Afeica, Njoro ( Cholmley), 1 ? type. Exp.

46 mm.

NoctuidsB.

A GROUND.

58 a. CJiloridea jiavigera^ sp. n.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow, the thorax

suffused with pale pink, the abdomen pale at base with twm

pink crests; palpi suffused with purplish red, tibiae and

ventral surface of abdomen irrorated with red. Fore wing

yellow with a slight greenish tinge; the costa suffused with

red-brown, a subbasal red-brown striga from costa and point

below cell ; an antemedial red-brown striga from costa and

traces of a waved line; claviforrn with its extremity faintly

defined ; orbicular with brown point in centre and a faint

round circumference ; reniform with grey centre defined by

red-brown and traces of brown circumference, confluent with

a brown mark from costa above it; postmedial line very

indistinct, bent outwards below costa, then minutely waved,

incurved below vein 4 ; subterminal line with brown tri-

243

Genera and Species o/Noctuidse.

angular patch on costa, then very indistinct, angled outwards

at vein 7 ; cilia red-brown, with series of darker lunules and

greyish line near tips. Hind wing yellow, with slight

discoidal lunule and diffused sinuous subterminal dark band,

extending to terinen below apex. Underside of both wings

with the costal and terminal areas irrorated with rufous ;

fore wing with a point in cell, dark discoidal spot, curved

postmedial and indistinct subterminal lines ; hind wing with

slight discoidal lunule, curved postmedial line from costa to

vein 2 with minute dark streaks on the veins, and diffused

subterminal band.

Hah. Khodesia, Buluwayo {Marshall)^ 1 ? type. E.vp.

32 mm.

175 a. Timora latimgraj sp. n.

Head and thorax bright rufous; antennae whitish at base,

blackish at tips; a tuft of blackish hair below patagia;

palpi, frons, tibiae, and tarsi black; abdomen greyish fuscous,

the anal tuft pale rufous. Fore wing ochreous tinged with

cupreous red, especially on costal area ; the costal edge pure

white ; a broad black fascia on median nervure, attenuate

towards base and extending to near termen ; an antemedial

black point on vein 1 ; a postmedial series of small black

spots except towards costa, oblique below vein 4 ; some

black on costa towards apex ; a terminal series of small

black spots ; cilia pale crimson. Hind wing ochreous white

tinged wdth brown, especially on terminal area ; a terminal

series of black points ; cilia pale crimson ; the underside

whitish.

Bab, Uganda, Mulema {Doggett\ 17 J', 4 7 type. Exp.

30 mm.

738 a. A gratis eloiopis, sp. n.

7 . Head and tegulae red-brown ; thorax fuscous ; palpi

fuscous ; pectus, legs, and abdomen whitish tinged with

brown. Fore wing red-browm with slight dark irroration ;

subbasal line slight, dark, from costa to submedian fold ;

antemedial line indistinct, double, sinuous, rather punctiform ;

claviform absent; orbicular and reniform small, fuscous with

whitish annuli slightly defined by black, the former elongate,

acute at extremity, and touching the latter ; postmedial line

represented by a double series of black points, bent outwards

below costa, excurved to vein 4, then oblique ; subterminal

line absent ; cilia rufous with a fine whitish line at base.

Hind wing white with dark discoidal point, postmedial series

of minute streaks on the veins and fine terminal line ; the

214

Sir G. F. Ilampson on neio

underside witli the markings more prominent^ the costal area

slightly irrorated with fuscous.

Ilah. Uganda, Kuwenzori, 6000^ [Ruwenzori 1 $

type. Exp. 30 in in.

795 a. MetaJepsis faegensis^ sp. n.

. Head and thorax clothed with white and brown hair ;

palpi black at sides; lower part of frons black and brown, a

y('llow mark between antennae, which are black; tegulae with

black medial line followed by a brown patch ; patagia with

brown line near U))per edge ; dorsum of thorax mostly

brown ; abdomen grey, suffused with brown. Fore wing

grey-white, suffused with rufous in the interspaces, except on

costal area; the veins slightly streaked with black and

prominently defined by grey except on terminal area ; a

short black and rufous streak below base of costa ; a black

streak below base of cell and a stronger streak above inner

margin before middle; antemedial line obsolete; claviform

represented by a slight white streak with short black streak

beyond it ; orbicular and roniform small, white with a black

streak below them, the former elongate elliptical, the latter

a minute lunule; a short black streak beyond upper angle of

cell ; postmedial line obsolete ; a siibterminal series of small

black spots in the interspaces interrupted by the grey streaks

defining veins 7, 6, 4, 3 ; cilia white with a brown line

through them. Hind wing grey, suffused and irrorated with

fuscous ; cilia white with a fuscous line through them ; the

underside paler.

Hah. Tierra del Fuego, Cheena Creek (^Crawshay)^

1 $ type. Exp. 30 mm.

817 a. EpisiUa clavata^ sp. n.

^ . Head, thorax, and abdomen dark reddish brown

mixed with grey ; tarsi with pale rings. Fore wing grey

tinged with red-brown, the medial area red-brown exce[)t

towards costa and inner margin ; subbasal line represented

by a black striga from costa ; a strong sinuous black streak

below base of cell with yellow streak above it to the clavi-

form, which has a yellowish annulus denned by black and

intersects the oblique sinuous antemedial line ; orbicular and

reniform grey with brownish centres and defined by black,

the former oblique elliptical, open above, the latter a narrow

lunule very strongly angled on median nervure to below

orbicular, some blackish in cell before and between them ;

245

Genera and Species of NoctuI(I[ie.

postmediul line strongly bent outwards below costa, tlien

dentate, strongdy incurved below vein 4; subterminal lin.i

very indistinct, greyish, slightly angled outwards at vein 7

and excurved at middle, the veins beyond it with slight dark

streaks ; a terminal series of slight brown lunules ; cilia

with fine brown line near base, blind wing grey suffused

and irrorated with brown, a dark terminal line; the under-

side witli dark discoidal lunule and diffused curved postmedial

line.

IJah. Punjab, Kulu {Dudgeon)^ 1 c? lyp^. E.cp.

30 mm.

856 c. Episilia arenacea^ sp. n.

d . Head and thorax pale brownish ochreous ; tarsi

fuscous with pale rings ; abdomen pale ochreous, dorsally

irrorated with fuscous. Fore wing pale brownish ochreous

slightly irrorated with fuscous ; a double, waved, subbasal

line from costa to submedian fold ; antemedial line in-

distinctly double, oblique, strongly waved, interrupted ;

orbicular and reniform with slight yellowish annuli in-

completely defined by fuscous, the former round, the latter

large ; postmedial line double at costa, then indistinct, bent

outwards below costa, then dentate and produced to a series

of black points on the veins, oblique below vein 4, some pale

points beyond it on costa; subterminal line ochreous white,

slightly defined by fuscous on inner side at costa, then by

slight dentate marks, angled outwards at vein 7 and slightly

excurved at middle ; a terminal series of black points.

Hind wing whitish suffused with pale brown; cilia yellowish

white ; the underside white, the costal area tinged with

ochreous, a small discoidal spot and punctiform postmedial

line.

Ilah, BeloochisTAN, Quetta {Nurse), 1 type. Exp,

46 mm.

867 a, Episilia rhodopea^ sp. n.

. Head and thorax fuscous slightly mixed with grey

and rufous ; abdomen whitish suffused with brown. Fore

wing red-brown with slight dark irroration ; subbasal line

represented by double oblique striae from costa ; antemedial

line with double black strim from costa, then minutely

dentate, above inner margin angled outwards almost to the

postmedial line; claviforni absent; orbicular and reniform

with fuscous centres and undefined whitish annuli, the former

small, narrow, oblique elliptical ; a medial daik shade,

oblique below the cell ; postmedial line represented by a

246

Sir G. F. Hampson on new

double series of black points on the veins ; subterminal line

absent, the terminal area slightly darker ; a terminal series

of black points. Hind wing whitish tinged with brown;

a dark discoidal spot, rather diffused sinuous postmedial line

and terminal series of striae; cilia ochreous white with a

faint dark line through them ; the underside with the

markings more prominent, the costal area tinged with rufous

and iiTorated with fuscous.

Ilab, Uganda, Kuwenzori, 12,600^ [Ruwenzori Exp.'),

1 S type. Exp. 34 mm.

890 c. Episilia rujisigna^ sp. n.

Head and thorax ochreous white tinged with brown; sides

of palpi and frons blackish ; pectus tinged with rufous ;

abdomen fuscous brown above, whitish below. Fore wing

white tinged with ochreous and sparsely irrorated with black ;

the lines absent ; orbicular represented by a black point ;

reniform rufous defined by brown, quadrate, angled inwards

on median nervure ; a diffused oblique red-brown shade from

apex ; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing whitish

suffused with reddish brown ; a dark discoidal spot ; cilia

whitish ; the underside whitish irrorated with brown, a dark

discoidal spot, small subapical spot on vein 7, and terminal

series of small spots.

Hah. S.E. Peru, St. Domingo, 1 \ ?. Exp.

52 mm.

913 a. LycopJiotia ecUpticaj sp. n.

^ . Head and thorax rufous ; tegulse with triangular deep

rutous patch at base; abdomen pale rufous mixed with

greyish. Fore wing rufous with an ochreous tinge; a slight

curved rufous subbasal line ; antemedial line rufous, angled

outwards below costa, incurved in submedian interspace and

bent outwards to inner margin ; claviform represented by a

faint point at its extremity ; orbicular a small almost obsolete

annulus ; reniform narrow, fuscous defined by whitish ;

traces of a medial shade ; postmedial line rufous, slightly

bent outwards below costa, then minutely waved, excurved

to vein 4, then incurved, slightly angled inwards in discal

and submedian folds ; subterminal line almost obsolete, with

slightly darker shade before it at costa ; cilia grey-brown

with a dark browm line through them. Hind wing white,

the veins, costal area, and termen tinged with brown ; a

terminal series of dark striae ; the underside with the costal

247

Genera and Species 0/ N’octuiilaj.

area su ffused with fuscous, a small discoidal lunule and

indistinct sinuous postmedial line, the terminal strise black.

Hah. Tierra del Fuego, Rio McClelland {Crawshaij),

1 type. Exp. 36 mm.

916 a. Lycopliotia air {media ^ sp. n.

S . Head and thorax bright rufous slightly irrorated with

white ; tarsi fuscous with pale rings ; abdomen pale brown,

the anal tuft and ventral surface rufous. Fore wing bright

rufous, the costal area slightly irrorated with white ; an in-

distinct curved subbasal line from costa to submedian fold ;

antemedial line bent inwards to costa, then slightly sinuous

and rather oblique, indistinct towards inner margin ; clavi-

form narrow defined by black ; orbicular and reniform

irrorated with white and defined by black, the cell before and

between them and the area between reniform and postmedial

line suffused with black, the orbicular rounded, open above ;

the postmedial line slightly bent outwards below costa, then

very minutely waved, excurved to vein 4, then incurved,

some pale points beyond it on costa; subterminal line very

indistinct, with somewhat darker shade before it at costa,

slightly angled outwards at vein 7 and excurved at middle.

Hind wing white, the costal area slightly irrorated with

brown ; the underside with the costal area suffused with

rufous.

Hah. Tierra del Fuego, Rio McClelland ( Grawshay) ,

1 S fjpe. Exp. 42 mm.

923 a. Lycopliotia atrifascia^ sp. n.

Head and thorax grey mixed with brown ; pectus with

some ochreous hair ; abdomen ochreous white. Fore wing

grey tinged with brown and irrorated with fuscous especially

on the veins ; subbasal line represented by traces of double

black striae from costa and cell ; antemedial line double,

oblique, waved ; orbicular and reniform small, incompletely

defined by black, the former round, a black fascia in cell

between them and slight streak beyond the reniform ; post-

medial line indistinct, double, bent outwards below costa,

then minutely dentate and produced to black and white points

on the veins, excurved to vein 4, then oblique ; subterminal

line only defined by the area beyond it being tinged with

fuscous, excurved below vein 7 and at middle ; a fine whitish

line at base of cilia. Hind wing pure white ; the underside

with the costal area slightly irrorated wfith brown.

Hah. Argentina, Mendoza [Bain)^ 1 , 3 ? type. Exp.

32-38 mm.

248

Sir G. F. Hampson on new

924 a. Lycopliotia melanoleuca ^ sp. n.

^ . Head and thorax black -brown, tlie scales of head and

thorax slightly tipped with grey ; abdomen fascous, the base

paler, the anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing black-brown with

a slight reddish tinge and leaden gloss ; subbasal line in-

distinct, waved, from costa to submedian fold ; antemedial

line double, the inner line very indistinct, waved, somewhat

obli,que ; claviform minute, very indistinctly defined by black

scales ; orbicular and reniform defined by black, the former

round ; traces of a dark medial shade ; postmedial line defined

by paler colour on outer side, bent outwards below costa, then

very minutely waved, excurved to vein 4, then incurved,

some pale points beyond it on costa; traces of a dark sub-

terminal line, angled outwards at vein 7 and excurved at

middle. Hind wing white, the costal area and veins slightly

tinged with brown ; a fine brown terminal line ; the under-

side with the costal area irrorated with fuscous.

Hab. Tierka del Fuego, Rio McClelland {Crawshay),

1 ^ type. Exp. 42 mm.

951 a. Lycopliotia poliadeSj sp. n.

^ . Head and thorax white with a few fuscous hairs ; tarsi

banded with black ; abdomen white with tufts of long ochreous

hair from the lateral stigmata. Fore wing grey-white

slightly tinged with pale rufous in parts and irrorated with

fuscous, the veins with dark streaks ; a slight black streak

below base of cell ; subbasal line represented by black sfrise

from costa and cell ; antemedial line represented by a black

point on costa ; claviform defined by a few black scales ;

orbicular represented by a short black streak defined by

white, the reniform by an undefined white lunule with

fuscous spot at lower angle of cell ; medial and postmedial

black points on costa, with some slight white points beyond

them ; subterminal line indistinct whitish defined on inner

side by slight dentate rufous marks, angled outwards at

vein 7 and inwards at discal fold ; a terminal series of slight

black lunules. Hind wing pure white.

Hab. BeloOCHISTAN, Quetta [Nurse), 1 ^ fjpe. Exp.

36 mm.

1004 a. Lycopliotia hucoplaga, sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax clothed with rufous and whitish

scales ; tegulae whitish with rufous tips ; metathorax with

rufous- tinged whitish patch ; abdomen fuscous brown. Fore

2i9

Genera and S/jecies of Noctulda?.

wing rufous with slight dark irroration, the costal area whitish

at base and with some grey beyond middle, the terminal area

grey-wliite ; subbasal line absent ; antemedial line repre-

sented by faint dark points on the veins ; claviform and

orbicular absent ; reniform represented by a diffused dark

patch, a quadrate wliite patch in cell before it connected with

costa by an oblique wliite bar ; postmedial line represented

by a white striga from costa, bent outwards below costa, then

by a faint series of dark points on the veins ; subterminal

line indistinct, grey with dark patch before it on costa, the

apex white; a terminal series of slight black stria3 ; cilia

rufous with fine pale line at base. Hind wing pale fuscous,

the basal area whitish ; a slight dark discoidal point and fine

terminal line; cilia whitish with a dark line through them ;

the underside whitish irrorated with brown, the costal and

terminal areas suffused with brown, a slight discoidal lunule

and postmedial series of minute dark streaks on the veins.

Hab. Uganda, Ruwenzori, 6000' {Ruioenzori Exp.)^ 1 ?

type. Exp. 28 mm.

1020 a. Ufeus carnea^ sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax pale flesh-colour mixed with brown ;

abdomen pale grey-brown. Fore wing pale flesh-pink

slightly irrorated with fuscous ; the medial area (except

towards costa) and a patch on costa beyond postmedial line

suffused with fuscous ; subbasal line represented by double

striae from costa and cell ; antemedial line rather indistinct,

waved, incurved to costa and angled inwards on vein 1 ;

claviform minute, defined by blackish ; orbicular and reni-

form pale pinkish defined by fuscous, the former rather

oblique elliptical, the latter with some brownish in centre and

angled inwards on median nervure ; traces of a vv^aved medial

line; postmedial line indistinct, bent outwards below costa,

then minutely waved, incurved below vein 4, some pale

points on costa beyond it ; a subterminal series of small

dentate black marks angled outwards at vein 7, then oblique;

a terminal series of minute dark points ; a fine pale line at

base of cilia. Hind wing ochreous suffused with brown ; the

underside whitish tinged with flesh-colour and irrorated with

brown, a small discoidal spot and indistinct sinuous post-

medial line.

Hah. Kashmir, Naikundah {McArthur)^ 1 ? type. Exp.

44 mm.

Ann. As Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix.

17

250

Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Genus Anhausta, nov.

Type, A. expj’imata, Stand.

Proboscis absent; palpi porrect to well beyond frons,

fringed with long hair ; irons smooth ; eyes large^ rounded,

overhung by long cilia; antennae of female ciliated; head

and thorax clothed with hair only and without crests ; fore

tibiae without spines, mid and hind tibiae with a few spines;

abdomen with dorsal crest at base only. Fore wing with

veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ;

9 from 10 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole ; 11 from

cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell ; 5 obso-

lescent from middle of discocellulars ; 6, 7 stalked ; 8 anas-

tomosing with the cell near base only.

1021 e. Anytus leucocyma, sp. n.

? . Head and thorax red-brown mixed with fuscous ; frons

with lateral black bars ; tegulae with slight medial black line ;

abdomen grey-brown. Fore wing red- brown irrorated with

grey and black on basal half, the veins streaked with black ;

a sinuous black streak below base of cell ; subbasal line

absent; antemedial line represented by two l3lack striae from

costa, then very indistinct, strongly dentate, oblique ; clavi-

form narrow, defined by black and with blackish streak from

it to postmedial line ; orbicular defined by black, oblique,

wedge-shaped ; reniform indistinctly defined by black and

with slight whitish lunule on outer edge, its lower extremity

produced ; postmedial line double at costa, bent outwards

bilow costa, then dentate and produced to streaks on the

veins, oblique to vein 5, then inwardly oblique and angled

inwards in submedian fold, some white points beyond it on

costa; subterrninal line white, waved, angled outwards at

vein 7 and to termen at veins 4, 3, with black streaks

beyond it in the interspaces ; a fine waved black terminal

line; cilia greyish and fuscous intersected with white. Hind

wing whitish tinged c\ith brown, the veins and terminal area

suffused with brown ; traces of a waved white subterminal

line ; cilia white with a slight dark line through them ;

the underside white irrorated with fuscous ; a discoidal

spot, slight waved postmedial line, and traces of subterminal

line.

H(xb. Kashmir, Nubra [McArthur), 2 ? type. Exp.

50 mm.

Genera and Species of Noctuidse.

251

1025 a. Anytiis negrita, sp. n.

\ $ . Head and thorax black-brown irrorated with grey ;

tarsi ringed with white ; abdomen grey-brown, the dorsal

crests rather darker. Fore wing black-brown slightly suffused

with grey ; an indistinct double waved subbasal line from

costa to submedian fold ; a slight black streak above inner

margin near base; antemedial line indistinct, oblique, waved;

claviform short, deep red-brown defined by black ; orbicular

and reniform with brown centres and grey annuli defined by

black, the former round, the latter constricted at middle and

extending to below cell ; postmedial line indistinct, slightly

bent outwards below costa, then waved, excurved to vein 4,

then oblique, some grey points beyond it on costa ; a sub-

terminal series of slight grey and black dentate marks ; a

terminal series of slight black strife. Hind wing white, the

veins brown, the inner area, and terminal area broadly, fuscous

brown ; cilia pale brown, whitish towards tornus, a slight dark

line near base ; the underside with the costal and terminal

areas fuscous suffused with grey, a black discoidal point.

Hah. Uruguay, Monte Video [de la Garde), 1 ? type.

Exp. 36 mm.

Genus Blepharita, nov.

Type, B. arnica, Treit.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi oblique, the second joint

fringed with long hair in front ; frons smooth ; eyes large,

rounded, overhung by long cilia; antennse of male bipectinate

with moderate branches to near apex ; head and thorax

clothed chiefly with scales, the pro- and metathorax with

spreading crests ; tibim fringed with hair, the mid and hind

tibise spined; abdomen with dorsal crests on basal segments.

Fore wing with the termeii crenulate ; veins 3 and 5 from

near angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 9 from 10 anas-

tomosing with 8 to form the areole ; 11 from cell. Hind

wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell ; 5 obsolescent fro.m

middle of discocellulars ; 6, 7 from upper angle ; 8 anas-

tomosing with the cell near base only.

Genus Blepharoa, nov.

Type, B, {Agrotis) mamestrina, Butl.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi obliquely upturned, the

second joint fringed with long hair in front; frons smooth; eyes

17*

252

Sir G. F. llampson on new

larp^e, rounded, overhung by long cilia ; antennae of male bi-

])ectinate with moderate branches, the apical third ciliated ;

head and thorax clothed chiefly with scales, the pro- and

metathorax with spreading crests; hind tibiae with one spine

between mid and terminal spurs; abdomen with dorsal series

of crests. Fore wing with veins 3 and 5 from near angle of

cell ; 6 from upper angle; 9 from 10 anastomosing with 8 to

form the areole ; 11 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3, 4

from angle of cell; 5 obsolescent from middle of disco-

cellulars ; 6, 7 from upper angle ; 8 anastomosing with cell

near base only.

Genus Pal^agrotis, nov.

Type, P. inops, Led.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi obliquely porrect, fringed

with hair in front; frons with slight truncate prominence;

eyes large, rounded ; antennae of male ciliated ; head and

thorax clothed with hair overlying scales, the pro- and

metathorax with slight crests ; mid and hind tibiae with one

or two spines, fore tibiae without spines ; abdomen with

dorsal crest at base only. Fore wing with veins 3 and 5

from near angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 9 from 10

anastomosing with 8 to form the areole ; 11 from cell.

Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell ; 5 obsolescent

from middle of discocellulars ; 6, 7 from upper angle; 8

anastomosing with the cell near base only.

JIadeninje,

Genus POLIA. Insert : —

Miselia, Ochs. Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 72 (1816), non

descr. ; Treit. Eur. Schmett. v. (1) p. 386 (1825),

which has precedence

Chera, Hiibn. Verz. p. 211 (1827)

Hama, Steph. 111. Brit. Ent., Ilaiist. iii. p. 4 (1829). . . .

1269 a. Miselia pyro soma ^ sp. n.

d . Head and thorax deep red ; tegulae with blackish marks

at base and two leaden-grey medial lines ; patagia with

leaden-grey line near upper edge ; palpi and the hair on

pectus and femora fiery red; tibiae and tarsi fuscous, the

latter ringed with white; abdomen fiery red, whitish at base

and wdth the crests deep red. Fore wdng deep red suffused

Type.

conspersa.

serratilinea.

aliena.

253

Genera and Species of Xoctuidae.

with black-brown, the veins streaked with fuscous and leaden

grey ; subbasal line represented by a leaden-grey striga from

costa and an oblique pale yellow striga from cell defined by

black on inner side and with minute yellow striga before it ;

a curved yellow mark with black suffusion above it above

inner margin before the antemedial line, which is black defined

by leaden grey on inner side, angled outwards below costa

and inwards on median nervure, then oblique to vein 1, where

it is angled outwards; claviform faintly defined by black and

with wxdge-shaped yellow spot defined by black beyond it ;

orbicular and reniform leaden grey faintly defined by black

and with red lines in centres, the former oblique elliptical,

the latter angled inwards on median nervure to below the

former ; postmedial line black defined by leaden grey on

outer side, slightly bent outwards below costa, then minutely

dentate, oblique to vein 5, then inwardly oblique and angled

inw^ards on vein 1, some wdiitish points beyond it on costa ;

subterminal line represented by minute yellow streaks between

veins 7 and 2, with blackish streaks beyond them and an

oblique yellow striga below vein 2 ; a narrow leaden-grey

terminal band with waved inner edge with some white points

on it ; cilia red at base mixed w'ith grey and black at tips.

Hind wing red-browm tinged with fuscous ; cilia white at

tips; the underside red tinged wdth browm and irrorated with

black, the inner area whitish, a black discoidal spot and

curved postmedial line.

Ilah. S.E. Peru, St. Domingo, 2 S ^yp^- 42-48 mm.

1293 a. Miselia pliimipeSj sp. n.

S . Head, thorax, and abdomen bright rufous with a few

dark scales ; some of the hair on fore tibise fuscous ; abdomen

with sublateral black striae. Fore wing bright rufous slightly

irrorated with black ; subbasal line represented by double

black striai from costa ; antemedial line double, slightly

waved ; oibicular and reniform small, the former oblique

elliptical with whitish annulus defined by black, tlie latter

open above and below, concave towards base, defined at sides

by white between black lines, the white on outer side forming

a small triangular mark ; postmedial line double, bent out-

wards below costa, excurved to vein 4, then oblique, sinuous,

some white points on costa beyond it ; subterminal line pale,

angled outwards at vein 7 and excurved at middle, the area

beyond it darker ; a terminal series of small black luiiules.

Hind wing rufous, the cilia whitish at tips ; the underside

greyish irrorated with rufous, especially on costal area ; a

254

Sir G. F. Hampson on new

small discoidal spot, minutely waved postmedial line, and

some small black lunules on termen from apex to vein 2.

Hah, Costa Kica, 1 type. Exp, 28 mm.

1361a. Miselia gercea^ sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax grey-white mixed with brown ; frons

with lateral black bars ; tegulse with medial black line ;

patagia edged with black ; tarsi black ringed with white ;

abdomen grey-white, the dorsal crest at base with black line

near tip, the extremity tinged with rufous. Fore wing grey-

white irrorated with brown and fuscous, the veins with slight

dark streaks ; a sinuous black streak below base of cell ; sub-

basal line represented by slight black striae from costa and

cell ; traces of a double antemedial line excurved from costa

to submedian fold and angled inwards on vein 1; claviform

narrow, defined by black ; orbicular and reniform with slight

whitish annuli defined by black, the former elongate elliptical ;

a diffused curved medial shade ; postmedial line with double

black points at costa, then represented by slight black streaks

on the veins, bent outwards below costa, excurved to vein 4,

then oblique ; subterminal line represented by a series of

faint dentate brown marks, the area beyond it somewhat

browner except at base and tornus ; a terminal series of black

points. Hind wing white, the veins with dark streaks towards

termen, which is tinged with brown ; the underside wdth the

costal area slightly irrorated with fuscous, a terminal series

of slight black striae.

Hab, Br. E. Africa, Taveta [K. St. A. Bogers), 1 ? type.

Exp. 34 mm.

1930 a. Cirphis clavifera^ sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax white slightly tinged vvith brown and

irrorated with black ; frons with lateral black bars ; patagia

with some black scales near upper edge ; abdomen white,

dorsally tinged with ochreous. Fore wing white, slightly

irrorated wdth black and faintly tinged with brown except

costal area to beyond middle and inner area to middle, the

submedian and discal folds tinged with yellowish ; the median

iiervure with fine white streak ; a sliglit black streak below

base of cell ; antemedial line represented by a black point on

vein 1 ; claviform indicated by slight black marks above and

below ; a rather wedge-shaped white mark in end of cell ;

postmedial line represented by a series of black points on the

veins, bent outw'ards below costa and oblique below vein 4 ;

255

Genera and Species of Noctuidae.

a slight whitish streak below terminal part of vein 7 and

slight subterminal striga above tornus ; a terminal series of

black points. Hind wing pure white.

Hah. Br. E. Africa, Taveta (K. St. A. Rogers), 1 ? type.

Exp. 32 mm.

1972 a. Borolia ustata, sp. n.

S . Head, tegulae, and prothoracic crest ochreous mixed

with dark brown ; the tegulae with three black lines ; thorax

yellow mixed with fiery red ; pectus and legs ochreous mixed

with dark brown ; abdomen ochreous suffused with brown.

Fore wing yellow suffused with fiery red, the costal and

inner areas with slight dark irroration, the veins whitish

defined by slight brown streaks, the interspaces with slight

brown streaks ; the costal edge wdiitish, the costal area

brownish on terminal half and an oblique brownish fascia

from termen below apex ; subbasal line represented by a

series of black points strongly excurv’-ed below the cell ; a

white streak on extremity of median nervure ; orbicular and

reniform yellow with some rufous in centres, ill-defined ;

a curved postmedial series of black points with traces of a

crenulate line between them ; a terminal series of black

points; cilia brown. Hind wing ochreous white, the terminal

half suffused with brown ; a terminal series of black points

from apex to vein 2 ; cilia ochreous white witli a brown line

through them ; the underside with the costal and terminal

areas suffused with rufous and irrorated with black ; a small

discoidal spot, rather diffused postmedial line from costa to

vein 2, and terminal series of black points.

Hah. Transvaal, White R. {Cooke), 1 type. Exp.

28 mm.

1973 a. Borolia pyrostrota, sp. n.

? . Head and thorax ochreous mixed with red ; sides of

palpi and frons brownish ; patagia streaked with brown at

sides ; abdomen reddish ochreous irrorated with fuscous.

Fore wing yellowish tinged with fiery red, the veins white

defined by fine fuscous streaks, the interspaces of terminal

area with fine fuscous streaks, the basal half of costal area

pale yellow ; antemedial line represented by two obliquely

placed black points in submedian interspace ; a black point

at lower angle of cell ; a postmedial series of black points,

slightly bent outwards below costa, angled inwards in discal

fold and oblique below vein 4 ; diffused dark shades along

subcostal and median nervures and thence to apex, from

which an oblique pale fascia extends to vein 4 ; a terminal

250

Sir G. F. Ilampsoii on new

series of black points. Hind wing oclireous, nearly uniformly

suffused with fuscous ; cilia pale yellowish ; the underside

pale yellowish irrorated with fuscous, a black discoidal spot,

postmedial series of short streaks on the veins, and terminal

series of points.

Hah. Uganda, Ruwenzori, 6000' [Ruwenzori Exp.), 1 $

type. Exp. 32 mm.

1977 a. B or olia fascia, sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax pale oclireous tinged with reddish

brown ; antennae blackish ; tarsi fuscous ; abdomen pale

oclireous tinged with fuscous brown. Fore wing pale

brownish oclireous, the cell and area beyond it running

obliquely to termen below apex pale rufous, the medial part

of submedian interspace tinged with rufous, the inner area

slightly irrorated with black except towards base ; a sinuous

black streak below basal half of cell ; the terminal half of

median nervure with prominent white streak; veins 3,4 with

slight white streaks with fine streaks above them ; an oblique

whitish fascia from apex ; a subtermiiial black point on vein 4

and a terminal series of black points ; cilia grey-brown.

Hind wing oclireous whitish, the terminal half suffused with

fuscous brown; cilia white; the underside brownish white

with terminal series of black points.

Hob. Lagos {Boag), 1 $ type. Exp. 40 mm.

1998 a. Borolia metasarca, n. sp.

f . Head and thorax pale pinkish brown ; patagia with a

few black scales near upper edge ; legs slightly irrorated with

fuscous; abdomen oclireous brown. Fore wing pinkish

fleBh-colour, the cell and area beyond it to postmedial line,

the area below it to submedian fold, and a fascia below medial

part of vein 1 olive-brown ; a whitish streak on median

nervure and above vein 3 to termen, some sparse black

iiToration ; a prominent black spot at lower angle of cell ;

postmedial line represented by a series of black points, bent

outwards below costa and oblique below vein 4 ; the veins of

terminal area streaked with olive-brown ; a pale oblique

fascia from apex defined above and below by fuscous shades ;

a terminal series of black points ; cilia pinkish intersected

with brown. Hind wing with the cell and area beyond it to

termen flesh-pink slightly suffused with fuscous, the costal

and inner areas })ale brownish oclireous ; cilia pale yellow ;

the underside with the costal area slightly iiroratcd witli

257

Genera and Species o/Noctuicl?o.

black, a discoidal limiile, curved postmedial series of points

and terminal series. »

Hal). Ashanti, Kumassi ( Whiteside) ^ 2 $ type. Exp.

32 mm.

2003 a. Borolia phceopastaj sp. n.

$ . Head and thorax pale ochreous irrorated with fuscous ;

abdomen ochreous irrorated and suffused with fuscous. Fore

wing ochreous tinged with red and thickly irrorated with

fuscous ; traces of a waved antemedial line ; orbicular repre-

sented by a dark point, the reniform by a dark lunule on

yellowish patches ; traces of a postmedial line with dark

streaks beyond it on the veins, slightly bent outwards below

costa and oblique below vein 4 ; subterminal line represented

by the area beyond it being somewhat darker, angled out-

wards at vein 7 and excurved at middle ; a terminal series

of black points. Hind wing ochreous uniformly suffused with

fuscous ; cilia pale ochreous ; the underside ochreous irrorated

with fuscous, a slight dark discoidal spot and curved post-

medial line.

Hah. Uganda, Huwenzori, 6000' (Ruwenzori Exp.), 1 $

type. Exp. 32 mm.

Ctjcvllianm.

2589 a. Trichoridia ethiopica, sp. n.

. Head and thorax deep red-brown, the head and tegulae

redder ; palpi dark brown fringed with rufous; pectus and

legs pale brown mixed wdth fuscous ; abdomen pale browni

suffused with fuscous browm, the anal tuft rufous. Fore wing

pale red-brown, the basal area and costal area to near apex

suffused with dark brown leaving the costal edge rufous, the

medial area deep red-brown except on costal and inner areas

and defined from subcostal nervure to vein 1 by the slight

pale ante- and postmedial lines, the former outw^ardly oblique

below submedian fold, the latter inwardly oblique below^

vein 5 ; orbicular and reniform whitish tinged with browm,

the former very oblique oblong and botli confluent with a

large elliptical patch on extremity of median nervure extend-

ing to well beyond low^er angle of cell ; a slight brown

terminal line. Hind wing pale brown suffused with fuscous

brown ; cilia pale rufous ; the underside whitish tinged with

rufous and irrorated with fuscous, a fuscous discoidal lunule

and diffused slightly curved postmedial line.

Hah. Bk. E. Africa, Aberdare Range {R. Ford), 1 S type.

Exp. 34 mm.

258

Mr. C. T. Regan on

XXX. — Descriptlom of Six new Freshwater Fishes from

Mexico arid Central America. Bj C. Tate Regan, B.A.

Pimelodus Boucardi,

Depth of body in the length, length of head 4. Breadth

of head 1 J in its length, length of snout 2|, diameter of eye 6,

interorbital width 3. Lower jaw nearly as long as the

upper ; maxillary barbel extending to origin of adipose fin.

Head covered with smooth skin ; occipital process rather

strong, extending the distance from its base to the origin of

dorsal. Dorsal 1 6, the spine slender, the fin rounded, as

high as long. Adipose fin J the length of the fish. Anal 14.

Pectoral spine with serrated inner edge, about | the length of

tlie fin and J the length of head; humeral process long,

nearly reaching the middle of the fin ; ventrals originating

nearly below the last dorsal ray, extending more than f of

the distance from their base to the origin of anal. Caudal

deeply notched, the lobes rounded, the lower the larger.

Least depth of caudal peduncle the length of head.

Blackish.

Hah. Yucatan [Boucard).

A single specimen, 190 mm. in total length.

Fimelodus hrachycephalus.

Depth of body to in the length, length of head 5^

to 5|. Breadth of head Ih in its length, length of snout 2|

to 3, diameter of eye 5 to 6, interorbital width 3 to 3^.

Lower jaw a little shorter than the upper ; maxillary barbel

extending to the basal part of pectoral. Head covered with

smooth skin ; occipital process short. Dorsal I 6, the spine

slender, the fin rounded, as high as or higher than long.

Length of adipose fin 3^ to 3|; in the length of the fish.

Anal 12-13. Pectoral spine with serrated inner edge, about

I the length of the fin and | the length of head ; humeral

proeess short ; ventrals originating behind the dorsal, ex-

tending I to I the distance from their base to the origin of

anal. Caudal moderately notched, the lower lobe rounded

and rather shorter than the upper. Least depth of caudal

peduncle § or more than the length of head. Brownish.

JIab. Guatemala, Rio Nacasil [Salvin).

Six specimens, measuring up to 190 mm. in total length.

new Freshwater Fishes.

259

Plmelodus Roger si.

Depth of body 6 in the length, length of head 5. Head 1^-

as long as broad. Diameter of eye 6 in the length of head,

interorbital width 3, length of snout 3. Head covered with

smooth skin ; fontanel not extending beyond the level of

posterior margin of eye ; occipital process short. Maxillary

barbel extending to middle of pec'^oral fin. Dorsal I 6, the

spine slender, the fin rounded, higher than long. Adipose

fin as long as or a little longer than its distance from the

dorsal, about f the length of the fish. Anal 12-14. Pectoral

spine nearly | the length of the fin and nearly | the length of

head, its inner edge with a series of rather small denticula-

tions. Ventrals originating behind the last dorsal ray, ex-

tending J the distance from their base to the origin of anal.

Caudal with a shallow notch. Least depth of caudal peduncle

I the length of head. Brownish.

Hah. Costa Pica, Irazu [H. Rogers).

Pour specimens, measuring up to 130 mm. in total length.

Allied to P. tSalvinij Gthr., which has a longer adipose

fin (f the length of the fish), a shorter pectoral spine (less

than the length of iiead), a shorter anal fin with 11 rays,

and the caudal more deeply notched.

Gambusla annectens.

Depth of body 3 to 3| in the length, length of head 3J to

3|. Snout as long as or shorter than eye, the diameter of

which is 3 to 3| in the length of head ; interorbital width

equal to the distance from middle or posterior part of eye to

free edge of operculum. 28 to 31 scales in a longitudinal

series. Dorsal 10-12; origin equidistant from tip of snout

and middle or posterior part of caudal ; free edge of the fin

convex. Anal 9-10, pointed, originating a little in advance

of the dorsal. Pectoral about f the length of head. Caudal

rounded or subtruncate. Least depth of caudal peduncle

about f the length of head. Scales with dark edges, forming

series of spots on the lower part of the side ; often a series of

short dark vertical bars along the middle of the side; a series

of dark spots on the lower part of the dorsal fin.

Hah. Costa Pica, Carrullo and Juan Venas [Underwood) ;

Iiazu [Rogers).

Numerous specimens, measuring up to 70 mm. in total

length.

This species is very close to O. episcopi, Steind., from

Panama, which has only 8 or 9 dorsal rays and also ditfers in

having a blackish spot on the anal fin. It is also close to

2G0

On new Freshwater Fishes.

G. terrahensis^ Jiegan, and G. Jonesii^ Giinther and with

tliern forms a series froiri G. episcopi to G. {Pseudoxipho-

jdwrus) bimaculata, Heck., so that the genus Pseudoxipho-

phurus can no longer be maintained.

Gamhusia terrahensis.

Depth of body to 3^ in the length, length of head 3-^ to

3i. Snout shorter than eye, the diameter of which is 3 to 3^

in the length of head ; interorbital width equal to the distance

from posterior margin of pupil to free edge of operculum. 29

to 31 scales in a longitudinal series. Dorsal 12-14; origin

equidistant from tip of snout and base of caudal or a little

nearer the latter. Anal 9-10 ; oi’igin below or a little in

advance of the middle of dorsal. Pectoral nearly J the

length of head. Caudal subtruncate. Least depth of caudal

peduncle nearly § the length of head. Scales of the upper-

part of the body with dark edges ; an interrupted dark lateral

stripe ; dorsal fin with a basal series of vertically expanded

blackish spots and with a second series of smaller spots ; anal

dark at the base and also distally ; posterior part of caudal

dusky.

Hah. Costa Rica, Rio Grande de Terraba, Pacific Slope

(L/. Pittier').

Six specimens, measuring up to 48 mm. in total length.

Sicydium Piitieri.

Depth of body 6 in the length, length of head to 5|.

Diameter of eye to 6 in the length of head, intei-orbital

width 4 to 4J. Snout obtuse ; mouth subterminal, with

horizontal cleft, extending to below the middle of eye; u])per

teeth bicuspid ; teeth of the outer series in the lower jaw

sometimes concealed. Occipital region covered with small

scales; 75 to 80 scales in a longitudinal series; abdomen

with a median naked area or strip. Dorsal VI, 1 10; rays

of first dorsal (in the males) produced into filaments, the

longest, when laid back, nearly reaching the end of the base

of second dorsal ; longest rays of second dorsal a little longer

than the head. Anal I 10 ; origin equidistant from eye and

base of caudal. Pectoral longer than the head, twice as long

as the ventrals. A dark spot on each scale ; dorsal fins witli

dark vermiculations ; anal with a daik edge.

llah. Costa Rica, Rio Grande de Terraba (/i. Pittier).

Two specimens (males), 120 and 135 mm. in total lengih.

This species is nearest to H. Salrini, Grant, from Panama

and Western Ecuador.

* MolUenisia Jonesii, — Psetaloxiphophorus pauciradiaius, 1-Jogan.

On new CJiaracinid Fishes.

2(31

XXXI. — Descriptions of Two new Gharacinid Fishes from

Argentina. By C. Tate Reg AN, B.A.

Dr. L. Reh, of the Hamburg Natural History Museum,

recently sent a few specimens to Mr. Boulenger for deter-

mination, describing them as aquarium fishes from Argentina.

These have been handed over to me and referred to tliree

species, viz. Tetragonopterus cordovensis, Gthr., and two other

Characinids, each the type of a new genus and species, which

are described below.

PoGONOCHARAX, gen. nov.

Closely allied to Pgrrhulina, C. & V., differing in the

toothless mouth, the presence of two barbels on each side,

respectively attached to the distal ends of the praemaxillary

and maxillary, and in the more posterior position of the dorsal

fin, which is opposite the anal.

Pogonocharax Rehi^ sp. n.

Depth of body equal to length of head, in the length of

the fish. Snout shorter than eye, the diameter of which is

3^' in the length of head and less than the interorbital width.

Mouth small, toothless ; lower jaw flat, shovel-shaped (as in

Pyrrhxdina Jilamentosa) ; pra3maxillary barbel about as long

as the eye ; maxillary entirely in front of the eye, bearing a

barbel which is | as long as the fish. Scales rather large.

cycloid, apparently about 25 in a longitudinal series ; no

lateral line. Dorsal 8, rather elevated anteriorly. Anal 8;

origin below that of the dorsal ; fin larger than the dorsal

and with the posterior rays much branched. Pectoral long,

262

Dr. R. Broom on some

pointed, 1^ as long as the head ; outer ray of ventral some-

what produced, reaching the anal. Caudal peduncle twice

as long as deep. Perhaps a dusky lateral band.

A single specimen, 45 mm. in total length.

The barbels at once distinguish this remarkable fish from

any other member of the family.

Phoxinopsis, gen. nov.

Allied to Lehiasina^ C. & V., but with the teeth conical

instead of tricuspid and tlie anal fin longer.

Phoxinopsis ty pirns ^ sp. n.

Depth of body nearly e'qual to the length of head, 4 in the

length of the fish. Snout much shorter than eye, the

diameter of which is 3 in the length of head and a little less

than the interorbital width. Teeth conical, in a single series ;

maxillary toothless, extending to below the anterior edge of

eye. Scales cycloid, 33 in a longitudinal series ; lateral line

developed anteriorly, on 6 or 7 scales only. Dorsal 10;

origin a little nearer to base of caudal than to tip of snout ;

longest ray a little shorter than the head. Anal 16 ; origin

below end of dorsal ; free edge emarginate. Pectoral shorter

than the head, extending a little beyond the base of ventrals,

which do not quite reach the anal. Caudal peduncle a little

longer than deep. A dark linear lateral streak.

A single specimen, 34 mm. in total length.

XXXII; — On some new Species of Chrysochloris.

By R. Broom, M.D., D.Sc., C.M.Z.S.

Dobson, in his monograph on the Insectivora, published in

1883, recognizes only five species of Chrysochloris as in-

habiting South Africa, viz. Chrysochloris aurea [ = asiatica)^

new Species 0/ Clirysocliloris.

C. vilhsaj C. Trevdyani^ C. rutilans ( = hottentota) , and

C. ohtusirostris ; and W. L. Sclater, in his ‘ Mammals of

South Africa,’ recog'nizes only the same five. Recently, as

the result mainly of the researches of Mr. C. II. B. Grrant,

Oldfield Thomas has added a few new species belonging to the

subgenus Amblysomus^ viz. A. clirysillusj A. irisj A. Corricej

and a subspecies A, hottentottus pondolice.

Tliough I have devoted comparatively little attention to

systematic zoology, I have from time to time made pretty

extensive collections of the bones of small mammals, and the

best hunting-grounds I have invariably found to be the

haunts of owls. In the disgorged pellets often found in great

abundance in rock-clefts the small mammal skulls are usually

preserved uninjured, and the owls frequently obtain specimens

which the collector of skins will not readily come across.

Having been recently studying the development and varia-

tions of the teeth of Chrysochloris^ I have gone over witli

care the collection of small mole skulls that I have made from

time to time, and among them I have discovered four new

species. Through the kindness of Mr. Peringuey, Director

of the South African Museum, I have examined all the

specimens in the museum, and have found in the collection

the skins of two forms of which I had already the skulls, and

also another new species.

The examination of these new forms has led me to doubt

the wisdom of making Amblysomus a distinct genus, and I

shall therefore retain, provisionally at least, the generic name

Chrysochloris for all the species.

Chrysochloris Sclaieri, sp. n.

Of this new species two specimens have been in the South

African Museum for some years. Both are preserved in

spirit and come from Beaufort West.

The nose-pad at once distinguishes the species from

C. asiatica, as its outer end is not produced into a sharp

point as in the common species, but rounded. The general

colour of the back is reddish brown, not unlike many speci-

mens of C. hottentota. The lips and cheeks are dull cream-

yellow, and the light patches extend to a little behind the

ocular region, over the temporal area, and meet each other

above the nasal pad. On the upper surface of the head a few

brown hairs are mixed with the yellow, and above the nasal

pad so many as to make the area pale brown. The general

colour of the abdomen is a pale dirty brown.

The skull differs from that of C. asiatica in being much

2G4

Dr. R. Broom on some

narrower and in having no trace of the protuberance into the

temporal well. In general proportions the skull is much

more like that of (7. hottentota^ but much smaller.

The teeth are forty in number and resemble pretty closely

in general structure those of C. hottentota, though smaller.

The second last molar is not unlike the last molar of G. hotten-

tota j owing to the posterior style being rudimentary. The

lower teeth are almost identical in structure with those of

C. hottentota^ the premolars and molars having the well-

developed posterior basal ledge. The second last molar has

the ledge which is absent in G. hottentota^ and the last molar

is small. The whole structure of the skull and teeth shows

this species to be much more nearly related to G, hottentota

than to G. asiatica ; and if this species, because it has forty

teeth, is retained in the genus Ghrysochloris, it seems scarcely

advisable to make a distinct genus for G. hottentota merely

because the minute last molar is missing.

Dimensions of the type (probably slightly shrunk by

spirit) : —

Head and body 96 mm. ; hind foot (s. u.) 11.

Skull: greatest length 23‘2 ; basal length 18*8; greatest

breadth 15‘6 ; greatest height 12 ; interorbital breadth 7*2 ;

front of to back of rn^ 10 ; palate across posterior pre-

molars 7’ 7.

Eab. Beaufort West, Cape Colony. Also probably much

further east.

Type. Specimen no. 3148 in South African Museum.

Young female.

I have named the specimen after Mr. W. L. Sclater, late

Director of the South African Museum.

GhrysochJoris Wtntom] sp. n.

About ten years ago I obtained a couple of specimens of

moles at Port Nolloth. Unfortunately at that time I had

not seen G. asiatica, and assumed that the Port Nolloth

animals belonged to the ordinary species. The skin of one

was sent to the British Museum, but the skull was destroyed

for the sake of the brain. Prom the other specimen a

skeleton was prepared. As I had kept the lower jaw of the

first specimen with a preparation of the tongue, I have for

some time been aware that it belonged to an undescribed

species. Luckily there is in the collection of the South

African Museum a specimen from Port Nolloth which,

though rather badly preserved in spirit, may be taken as the

type.

new Species of Clirysoclilorls. 265

The nose-pad at the sides is intermediate in shape between

that of C. asiatica and C. Sclateri, and forms a blunt angle.

The digging portion of the snout is narrower and longer than

in the other species. The back is pale slaty grey in colour,

with a greenish iridescence, while the whole of the upperside

of the head and the lips are yellowish grey, which becomes

darker above the nose-pad. The abdomen is the same colour

as the back. The fore and hind feet are relatively broader

than in most species. The fore foot has a large pad on the

inner side of the first digit, doubtless to facilitate digging in

the sand. The fourth toe of the front foot is fairly well

developed.

The skull is chiefly remarkable for the great size of the

posterior olfactory region. In this it differs from all other

known species. Whereas in all other species the interorbital

region is flat or concave, here it is convex. There is less of

a crest between the parietal and occipital regions than in

(7. asiatica^ and the projection formed by the head of the

malleus is smaller, though quite distinct.

The teeth are forty in number and resemble those of

C. asiatica^ except in being smaller and in the relatively

smaller size of the first premolar and the last two molars.

Lower molars have no basal ledge.

Dimensions of type

Head and body 90 mm. ; hind foot (s. u.) 10*3.

Skull : greatest length 21*3 ; greatest breadth 16*2 ;

greatest height 11*2; interorbital breadth 9’2; front of to

back of w? 9 ; palate across posterior premolars 7*8.

Hah, Port Nolloth, Cape Colony. Among the sand-dunes.

Type, Specimen no. 1917 in South African Museum.

The species is named after Mr. W. E. de Wintori, who

has done much towards the study of South African mammals,

and to whom I have been indebted at different times for kind

assistance.

Chrysochloris Grantiy sp. n.

Of this species I have four well-preserved skulls from

Garies, Namaqualand; but the skin was unknown till 1

discovered a specimen in the South African Museum without

locality or history, but which doubtless also comes from

Namaqualand.

The nasal pad is rather small, the hard portion very short

and the outer soft portion very narrow at the sides. The fur

is extremely long, the hairs on the back being about 20 mm.

in length. The general colour on the back is greyish

Anru Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 18

2G6

Dr. D. Broom on some

brown, the tips ot the hairs being light and the inner part of

the fur dark. In spirit the fur shows a violet iridescence.

The whole head is light yellowish; it is unusually broad

and the nose short. The fore feet have a much smaller pad

to the first digit than G. Wintoni, while the fourth digit is

a fairly well developed functional toe, larger than in any other

known species, and with a rather large claw.

The skull is like that of C. asiatica in being relatively

broad, but differs in being much smaller, in having a rela-

tively much shorter snout, and in having scarcely any trace

of a protuberance into the temporal fossa.

The teeth are forty in number, and the most noteworthy

feature is that the first upper premolar is of small size and

single-rooted. This character is constant in all five skulls.

In the lower jaw of the type there are only nine teeth on the

right side.

Dimensions of type : —

Greatest length 82 mm. ; hind foot 9.

Skull : greatest length 19*2 ; basal length 15 ; greatest

breadth 17; greatest height 11*5; interorbital breadth 7;

front of p- to back of 8*5; palatal width across posterior

premolars 7*6.

Hah, Namaqualand.

Type, In South African Museum.

The species is named after Mr. C. H. B. Grant, who has

done so much in the last few years to advance our knowledge

of South African Mammals.

Chrysochloris namoquensis, sp. n.

This new species is represented by four fairly well preserved

skulls, but nothing is known of the skin ; but as the skulls

are easily distinguished from those of any known species, and

as the skull and teeth are much safer guides than the skins, 1

think it well to give the form a name.

The skull is about the same size as in G. Granti^ but is

narrower and longer. It is further differentiated by having a

large protuberance in the posterior wall of the temporal fossa,

as in G. asiatica. The teeth resemble, so far as preserved,

those of G. asiatica^ the first upper premolar being large and

double-rooted. The second upper incisor is relatively larger

than in G. asiatica.

Skull : greatest length 20 mm. ; basal length 16*5 ;

greatest breadth 15*5 ; greatest height 11 ; orbital breadth G’5 ;

front of to back of 8*5 ; palate across posterior pre-

molars 7*8.

2G7

neio Species of Clirysoclilorls.

There are forty teeth.

Uah. Garies, Namaqualand.

Type. The type skull will be deposited in the South

African Museum and a co-type given to the British Museum.

CJirysochloris tenuis^ sp. n.

This species is only represented by two skulls, both slightly

imperfect, from Garies, It differs from all the preceding

species in having, like C. hottentota., only thirty-six teeth,

and thus belongs to the subgenus Amhlysomus. It differs,

however, from all the known species of Amhlysomus in

having a large protuberance encroaching on the temporal

fossa as in G. asiatica.

Skull : greatest length 20*5 mm. ; basal length 16 ; greatest

breadth 14*5 ; greatest height 10*2 ; interorbital width 6*5 ;

front of T to back oT 9*6 ; palate across posterior pre-

molars 7*3.

Hah. Garies, Namaqualand.

Type, The type skull will be deposited in the Soutli

African Museum and a co-type given to the British Museum.

Tl'e following may be taken as a synopsis of the species,

omitting one or two imperfectly known and very doublfiilly

distinct forms : —

Synopsis of the Species.

I. Teeth 40.

A. Bony projection on posterior wall of temporal

fossa ; zygomatic arch small ; ratio of breadth

of skull to length 7o to 85 ; 100.

a. Interorbital region narrow.

a'. Skull, breadth to length ratio over 80 : 100 . C. asiatica.

b' . Skull, breadth to length ratio 75:100 .... C. namaquensis.

h. Interorbital region expanded C. Wintuni.

B. Bony projection on posterior wall of temporal

fossa very small or absent ; zygomatic arch

small.

a. Skull, breadth to length ratio 90:100 C. Granti.

b. Skull, breadth to length ratio 66: 100 C. Sclateri.

C. Bony projection on posterior wall of temporal

fossa very small or absent ; zygomatic arch

greatly expanded.

a. Length of skull 33 ram C. villosa.

b. Length of skull 42 mm C. Trevelyani.

II. Teeth 36.

A. Bony projection on posterior wall of temporal

fossa ; ratio of skull breadth to length 68 : 100. . C. tenuis.

268

Ml*, rj. E. Turner on

B. No bony projection on posterior wall of temporal

fossa.

a. Skull, breadth to lenp-th ratio about GO : 100.

a'. Length of skull 28 mm C. hottentota.

C. Corrice.

b'. Length of skull 25 mm C. iris,

h. Skull, breadth to length ratio about 72 : 100 . . C. ohtusirostris.

. C. chrysillus.

Chrysoclihris Corrice and C. chrysillus^ recently described

by Thomas, appear to be closely allied to C, hottentota and

C. ohtusirostris respectively, and no marked cranial characters

are stated by which they can be readily distinguished. I am

not acquainted with either of these recently described species.

Victoria College, Stellenbosch,

Nov. 30, 1906.

XXXIII. — New Species of Sphegidte from Australia.

By B, E. Turner.

Only two genera allied to Ampulex have hitherto been

recorded as Australian, each containing a single Australian

species. Aphelotoma was described by Westwood for a

Tasmanian species, and I am now able to describe two

.additional species from the mainland. Dolichurus carbonarius^

Sm.., belonging to a small but wide-ranging genus, was

described by Smith from Champion Bay, W.A. I can now

record its occurrence at Mackay, on the Queensland coast. I

also describe three species of a new genus, which is, perhaps,

nearest to Aphelotoma,

Genus Aphelotoma, Westw.

Aphelotoma, Westw, Proc. Ent. Soc. Loudon, 1840, p. 12.

Type, Aphelotoma tasmanica^ Westw.

Aphelotoma aterrima, sp. n.

^ . Head and thorax opaque, delicately reticulate. Clypeus

broadly rounded anteriorly, without a median carina. Plead

broad, the eyes not quite touching the base of the mandibles

and convergent towards the vertex. Pronotiim narrowq

elongate, depressed anteriorly, broadest posteriorly, with a

median longitudinal sulca. Mesonotum short and broad.

2G9

neio Spliegicla; from Amir alia.

tlie surface divided into three almost equal parts by a longi-

tudinal sulca on each side. Median segment broad, sub-

quadrate, only slightly narrowed posteriorly, abruptly truncate,

the angles above the truncation produced on each side into a

minute spine, the dorsal surface of the segment coarsely

rugose, the surface of the truncation irregularly obliquely

striate. Abdomen shining; the three basal segments large,

the second slightly constricted at the base ; sparsely punc-

tured, the sides of the segments (especially of the third) very

finely and closely punctured; the apical segments small and

withdrawn. The tibiae are smooth, not serrate. The inter-

mediate tibiae have two apical spines.

Black ; a spot beneath the scape of the antennae at the

apex pale yellow ; abdomen dark fuscous. Wings hyaline,

slightly tinted with yellow, the radial and second and third

cubital cells clouded with pale fuscous. Tegulae and nervures

testaceous.

The first recurrent nervure is received close to the apex

of the first cubital cell, the second just at the base of the

third cubital cell, almost interstitial with the second trans-

verse cubital nervure. The second cubital cell is very

narrow on the radial nervure; the first transverse cubital

nervure is bent sharply outwards near the base.

Length 5 mm.

$ unknown.

Hah. Mackajq Queensland.

This species is very distinct from A. tasmanica in colour

and general facies, but there does not seem to be any marked

structural difference.

Aphelotoma auriventris, sp. n,

$ . Clypeus broad and short, truncate anteriorly, sparsely

punctured ; head opaque, the front strongly sculptured,

irregularly longitudinally punctured striate, vertex reticulate.

Pronotum subquadrate, about half the width of the meso-

notum, very coarsely rugose, with an obscure indication of a

median sulca; a small tubercle on each side before tlie

posterior angle, behind the tubercles the pronotum is obliquely

depressed to the posterior margin. Mesonotum and scutelluin

very coarsely rugose, the mesonotum reaching to the hind

margin of the tegulse, the scutellum broadly rounded at the

apex. Median segment at the base as broad as long, flat

above, truncate posteriorly, the lateral margins raised, the

dorsal surface strongly longitudinally striate, the striie about

270

Mr. H. E. Turner on

ten in number ; tlje surface of the truncation coarsely rugose.

Abdomen short, the two basal segments shining and finely

punctured, the third segment delicately reticulate and pubes-

cent, the apical segments small and withdrawn.

Black ; the antertnae, mandibles, tibiae, and tarsi fusco-

ferruginous ; abdomen shining golden bronze. Wings

hyaline, iridescent, with faint fuscous clouds near the centre

and in the second cubital cell. The first transverse cubital

nervure is sharply bent outwards near the base and throws

out a shoit branch inwards, so that the first cubital cell is

imperfectly divided.

Length 6 mm.

Hah. Victoria.

Genus Auchenophorus, nov.

$ . Head as broad or broader than the thorax ; the cheeks

well developed ; the eyes reaching to the base of the man-

dibles, convergent towards the vertex. Antennae with the

apical joints somewhat stouter than the basal, shorter than

the head and thorax, not covered at the base by a tubercle.

Mandibles acute at the apex, not bidentate ; the apical outer

angle of the maxilla produced into a prominent lobe, the

maxillary palpi five-jointed, the joints in the typical species

rather short and subequal ; labial palpi four-jointed ; labrum

transverse, straight, strongly ciliate on the anterior margin.

Pronotum narrower than the mesonoturn, depressed anteriorly;

mesonotum short, the posterior margin not reaching beyond

the posterior margin of the tegulse. Median segment rather

long, flat above, truncate posteriorly, marked dorsally with a

straight median carina from the base, continued on the

surface of the truncation to the apex, also with a carina on

each side converging from the base and forming a triangle.

Abdomen pseudosessile or subpetiolate, the apical segments

not very short, none of the segments constricted at the base.

The trochanters long, the intermediate and posterior tibiae

slightly spinose, the intermediate tibiae with only one apical

spine ; the joints of the tarsi slender and elongate. Wings

short, with only one cubital and one discoidal cell, the radial

cell short, subtruncate at the apex ; the cubital cell large,

receiving the recurrent nervure at about two thirds of tlie

distance from the base to the apex. Tlie anal cell of the

hind wing is short ; the apex of the median cell touches the

costa; the radial and cubital nervures are only faintly

indicated beyond the median cell.

new S[)liegida3 from Australia,

271

This curious genus belongs to Kohl’s Group X. of the

Sphegidae, which includes Ampulex and the allied genera,

but in the neuration it approaches much more nearly to some

of the genera in Group XL It should probably come next

to Aphelotoma.

Type, A, coruscans^ sp. n.

In size and colour these insects resemble some of the

Mutillidae.

Auchenophorus coruscans, sp. n.

$ . Clypeus broad, rounded anteriorly, the apical margin

depressed ; head shining, very minutely punctured ; a short,

delicate, longitudinal carina from between the antennae

reaching halfway to the anterior ocellus. Pronotum convex,

depressed anteriorly, narrow, with a slight depression in

the middle of the posterior margin, which is strongly

depressed. The sides of the prothorax are concave and

the posterior angles do not reach the base of the wings.

Mesonotum short and broad ; the whole thorax shining,

minutely punctured. Median segment long, flat above,

abruptly truncate posteriorly, very coarsely rugose ; a

median carina starting from the base and continued to the

apex on the dorsal surface and also on the surface of the

truncation, with a carina on each side converging from the

base and meeting above the truncation, forming an isosceles

triangle; the surface of the truncation is irregularly trans-

versely striated. Abdomen pseudosessile, smooth and

shining, the first segment long, the apical segment pointed.

Bright metallic blue ; the mandibles, labrum, and scape of

the antennae dark ferruginous. Antennae fuscous. Pro-

thorax, mesonotum, tegulae, anterior tibiae above, the three

basal abdominal segments and the base of the fourth bright

ferruginous red. Tibiae and tarsi fuscous. Wings hyaline,

crossed by two fuscous bands, one crossing the base of the

discoidal cell, the other broader, from the radial cell across

the apex of the cubital cell. Xervures black.

Length 10 mm.

cJ unknown.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (October and November).

Auchenophorus ceneuSy sp. n.

$ . Clypeus broad, rounded anteriorly, with a straight

transverse carina before the anterior margin, which is

depressed. Head and thorax opaque, very finely reticulate ;

272

Mr. R. E. Turner on

tlie liead broadly emarginate posteriorly ; pronotum narrowed

anteriorly, the posterior angles elevated, subtuberculate ;

inesonotum short. A depressed transverse line, smooth and

shining, at the base of the scutellum. Median segment sub-

quadrate, flat above, obliquely truncate posteriorly, rugose

above, the lateral margins raised, forming carinse ; a median

Carina from the base, extending along both the dorsal surface

and the surface of the truncation to the apex, a carina on

each side converging from the base and meeting before the

truncation, forming an equilateral triangle, the space included

longitudinally striated ; the surface of the truncation trans-

versely striated. Abdomen subpetiolate, sharply pointed at

the apex; shining, the segments almost smooth at the base,

finely punctured along the apical margins.

Opaque black ; the median segment metallic blue-green ;

the abdomen shining bronze-green ; the mandibles, the scape

and two apical joints of the antennae, the mesopleurse, the

sides of the median segment, the prosternum, the base of the

first abdominal segment, and the legs ferruginous. The

femora and coxae marked with green-bronze above. Wings

hyaline, crossed by two fuscous bands, one crossing the base

of the discoidal cell, the other broader and close to the apex.

Length 8 mm.

$ unknown.

JIah. Mackay, Queensland (February).

d-he joints of the maxillary palpi are much longer in this

species than in coruscans ; the three apical joints are elongate

as in the genus Aphelotoma, Westw.

Auchenophorus falvicornisj sp, n.

^ . Head opaque, finely reticulate, the eyes converging

towards the vertex, the ocelli placed between the eyes near

their apex. Antennae as long as the head and thorax united,

the scape short, the two apical joints stouter than the others.

The three terminal joints of the maxillary palpi much elon-

gated. Pronotum short, much depressed anteriorly, broadened

posteriorly, the angles prominent but not spined. Meso-

notum finely reticulate, opaque, not reaching the posterior

margin of the tegulse. Median segment short, flat above,

obliquely truncate posteriorly, the margins of the dorsal

surface raised, forming an enclosed space, rounded at the

apex and longitudinally striated within ; the surface of the

truncation obliquely striated at the base, smooth at the apex.

Abdomen subpetiolate, shining, the two basal segments

smooth, the rest very finely and closely punctured.

273

new Spliegidse from Australia.

Black ; the antennae and the first abdominal segment at

tlie base testaceous; the prothorax, the mesopleurse, the sides

of the median segment, and the legs ferruginous ; tlie median

segment aboye obscure bt-on^e^ green, testaceous at the

extreme apex ; the abdomen very dark bronze-green. Wings

hyaline, nervures fuscous ; a broad fuscous band crossing the

discoidal cell, and another, broadly interrupted in the middle,

near the apex.

Length 5 mm.

$ unknown.

Hah. Kuranda, near Cairns, Queensland (January).

Genus Psen, Latr.

Psen lutescenSj sp. n.

$ . Clypeus broader at the apex than at the base, as long

as broad, covered with silver pubescence; the eyes diverging

towards the clypeus and towards the vertex. Head shining,

the front delicately reticulate, with a fine median sulca from

the anterior ocellus; a large tubercle between and below the

ba,se of the antennae ; from the base of the tubercle on each

side springs a carina, which skirts the base of the antennae

below, but does not reach the eye. The vertex is broad,

smooth, and polished ; the ocelli are large. Thorax shining,

finely punctured, the pronotum linear, transverse, very

broad ; the scutellum transverse, with a slightly depressed

row of strong punctures at the base. Median segment con-

vex, oblique, with a transverse depressed space at the base

and a very deep median sulca from the base to the apex ;

finely rugulose. Petiole long ; abdomen shining, very finely

punctured.

Yellow ; the abdomen and posterior legs luteous ; the

head, a square spot on the middle of the mesonotum, the

depressed line at the base of the scutellum, and a transverse

mark on each side of the scutellum black ; the antennae

fuscous ; the scape and mandibles yellow. Wings hyaline,

iridescent. Tlie first recurrent nervure is interstitial with the

first transverse cubital nervure, the second recurrent nervure

is received by the third cubital cell near the base.

Length 9 mm.

S unknown.

Hah. Mackay and Cairns, Queensland (November to

February).

Ann. (So Mag, N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix.

19

274

Mr. E. E. Turner on

Genus POLEMISTUS, Sauss.

Polemistus exul, sp. n.

$ . Mandibles very broad at the apex, produced into a

tooth at the outer angde, clypeus slightly produced at the

apex, smooth. Head narrow, the eyes just touching the base

o£ the mandibles, divergent towards the vertex. Front very

long, concavely hollowed ; the scape of the antennse long,

resting in the hollow, the flagellum short and stout. The

ocelli placed on the vertex near the posterior margin. A

row of large punctures surrounding the eyes, interrupted

narrowly at the base of the mandibles ; a transverse, emargi-

nate carina between the eyes above the concave front, a

longitudinal carina running from the anterior ocellus to the

transverse carina, and another short one on each side,

separated from the eye by the row of punctures only. Pro-

notum very short, transverse, showing only a row of large

punctures, the anterior margin straight, with prominent

angles. Mesonotum longer than broad, with a longitudinal,

median double carina, the very narrow space enclosed by the

caringe punctured ; on each side are two longitudinal carinae,

each with a row of punctures on the outer side, and another

short arched carina above the tegula. Scutellum broad,

smooth, broadly truncate at the apex, with a punctured de-

pression at the base divided by a very short longitudinal

carina ; and a depressed transverse row of punctures at the

apex. Median segment longer than broad, abruptly truncate

at the apex, very coarsely rugose ; the surface of the trun-

cation concave, divided by a flne median sulca, rugulose.

Abdomen short, smooth, and shining ; the first segment

vertically truncate anteriorly, with a short petiole ; the

apical segment compressed, acute. The legs smooth, not

spinose.

Black ; the mandibles at the apex ferruginous ; the

antennse, legs, and tegulse testaceous ; the vertex of the head,

the thorax, and the median segment dark green-bronze.

Wings hyaline, nervures testaceous.

Length 5 mm.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (December to April) .

Two species only of this genus have been described, both

by Saussure, the localities being Madagascar and Mexico.

Genus Paracrabro, nov.

? . Head very large and broad, half as wide again as the

thorax ; the mandibles large, very strongly tridentate at the

new Spliegldae //*c>m Australia, 275

apex. Cljpeus small, transverse, truncate anteriorly. The

antennae far apart at the base, inserted low down, close to

the base of the clypeus, the scape long, much more than half

the length of .the flagellum, which is short. Front broad,

concavely hollowed. Eyes entire, reaching the base of the

mandibles, convergent towards the vertex; cheeks and vertex

very broad ; the ocelli placed close together between the

eyes, near their apex, far removed from the posterior margin

of the head. Pronotum very short, almost perpendicularly

depressed, narrower than the mesonotum ; scutellum trans-

verse. Median segment with a broadly subtriangular enclosed

space at the base, rounded and truncate posteriorly. Abdo-

men petiolate, the petiole linear and rather short. Fore wing

with two cubital cells ; the first quadrilateral, the width

about two thirds of the length, receiving the recurrent

nervure some distance before the apex ; the second less than

half the length of the first, almost square. The radial cell is

long and pointed, almost reaching the apex of the wing, not

appendiculate. The medial cell of the hind wing is pro-

duced at the apex, reaching downwards from the costa, the

anal cell is long. Legs short, tibiae feebly spinose, the tarsi

much longer than the tibiae.

The neuration is similar to that of StigmuSj but the general

form is very near Crahro.

Type, P. Froggattij sp. n.

Paracrahro Froggaiti, sp. n.

? . Head very large, quadrilateral, almost smooth, sub-

opaque. Mesonotum sparsely and very minutely punctured,

with a faintly impressed median line, and a faint longitudinal

one on each side, not reaching the posterior margin. Median

segment with a broad subtriangular space at the base enclosed

by carinae, the enclosed space longitudinally rugose striate ;

the segment behind the carinae oblique, rounded and striate,

then abruptly truncate and rugose to tho apex. Abdomen

smooth and shining.

Black ; the mandibles, antennae, tegulae, and legs fulvo-

ferruginous. Wings hyaline, tinged wdth yellow; nervures

testaceous at the base, fuscous at the apex.

Length 7 mm.

Hah. Victoria.

Genus Sericophorus, Sm.

SericopJiorus dipteroides, sp. n.

? . Clypeus broad, finely punctured, depressed transversely

276

On new SpliegldaB from Australia.

before the apex, the apical margin subtruncate. Head

broad, very delicately reticulate, eyes convergent towards

the vertex ; antennai very short, the apical joints thickened.

Pronotum very short, depressed below the mesonotum, which

is broad, opaque, and very delicately reticulate. Median

segment short, oblique, vertically truncate posteriorly, a

transverse depressed row of coarse punctures at the base,

from which a similar longitudinal row runs down the middle

of the segment, the rest of the segment smooth. Abdomen

almost smooth, triangular, the first segment vertically trun-

cate anteriorly, the surface of the truncation concave.

Castaneous; the head black; the antennae and clypeus

castaneous ; the mandibles dark ferruginous, black at the

apex ; the second to the fifth abdominal segments blackish

brown, the apical margin of the segments testaceous. Wings

hyaline, nervures fuscous.

Length 7 mm. ; expanse of wings 13 mm.

Hab. Cairns, Queensland (April) .

Nearest to S. hicolor^ Sm., from the Swan Liver.

SericopJiorus funehris^ sp. n.

$ . Clypeus broad, much elevated in the centre, projecting

at the apex almost at right angles. Head opaque, almost

smooth, the front above the clypeus depressed concavely,

clothed with silver pubescence ; a very short, longitudinal,

median carina above the base of the antennae. Pronotum

short, strongly depressed ; mesonotum large, very delicately

reticulate. Median segment almost smooth, narrowed from

the base, truncate posteriorly, with a median carina from the

base continued on the surface of the truncation to the apex,

a small tubercle on each side of the carina just above the

truncation, the lateral margins of the segment raised at the

base, forming short carinse ; the sides of the segment

obliquely striate. Abdomen shining, very delicately punc-

tured, the apical margin of the segments smooth ; the first

segment is not truncate, and is narrower at the base and

longer than in the allied species.

Black ; the mandibles yellow, an interrupted line on the

pronotum and the tegulse pale yellow ; the tibia3, tarsi, and

the apex of the femora testaceous. Wings hyaline, nervures

testaceous.

Length 6 mm. ; expanse of wings 9 mm.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (November).

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[SEVENTH SERIES.]

No. 112. APRIL 1907.

XXXIN.—Rhynchotal Notes,--XlA, By W. L. DISTANT.

Fam. FtilgoridaB (continued from vol. xviii. p. 356).

Subfam. CixiiNJs.

Genus Mundopa.

Mundopa, Dist. Faun. B. I., Rhynch. iii. p. 263 (1906).

Type, M. cingalensis^ DIst.

Mundopa pollens,

Cixius pallens, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 149 (1857).

Hob. Borneo.

Bajauana, gen. nov.

Head somewhat broad, the vertex widened anteriorly, its

lateral margins strongly ridged, the anterior and posterior

margins less strongly so, base angularly emarginate; face

moderately broad and angularly marginally ampliate beyond

middle, anterior margin truncate, surface flat, lateral margins

strongly ridged, with a central longitudinal ridge which

is continued through clypeus, containing a very indistinct

ocellus a little before clypeus; pronotum exceedingly short ;

mesonotum v^ry long, almost twice as long as vertex and

Ann, (k Mag, N, Hist, Ser. 7. Vol, xix. 20

278

I\Tr. W. L. Distant on iromoptera.

pronotum together, trlcarinate, the interspaces between tlie

carinations forming somewhat raised flat processes, the bases

of wliich are angularly narrowed ; legs moderately short and

robust; tarsi robust, first joint longest ; tegmina widened or

ampliated towards apex, costal margin moderately sinuate

from base to stigma, before the latter it is distinctly notched,

stigma elongate, a series of irregularly placed transverse veins

near apex defining a series of longitudinal apical areas ; claval

vein extending to a little beyond middle of claval margin.

Type, B. rufula^ Walk. (^Brixia).

Bajauana rnfula.

Brlvia rufula, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. lOG (1837).

JIah. New Guinea.

Bajauana tenehrosa.

Brixia tenehrosa^ Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 103 (1867).

llah. Ceram.

Bajauana palUcepff.

Brixia palliceps, Walk. Journ. JJnn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 106 (1867).

llah. My sol.

Bajauana marginafa.

Brixia marginata, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 107 (1867).

Hah. New Guinea.

Bajauana varia.

Brixia varia, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 108 (1867).

JIah. Sula.

Bajauana variegata.

Brixia variegata, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 108 (1867).

Hah. Sula.

Bajauana hicolor.

Brixia hicolor, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 100 (1867).

Ilab. New Guinea.

Bajauana puncticosta.

Brixia puncticosta. Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 109 (1867).

Hah. My sol, Morty.

279

^fr. W. L. Distant on Ilonioptera.

Bajauana tr aliens.

Cixius trdhemy Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 149 (1857).

Hah. Borneo.

Genus Brixia.

Biixia, StSl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1856, p. 162.

Type, B. natalicola, Stal.

Brixia migratoria, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and abdomen above brownish ocliraceous ;

lateral angles of pronotum and mesoiiotum ocliraceous ;

abdomen beneath, sternum, and legs stramineous ; abdomen

above more or less cretaceously tomentose ; tegmina very

pale brownish ocliraceous, the veins thickly minutely spotted

with fuscous, three transverse spots on costal area, the central

one connected with a broad transverse discal fascia, a spot

near apex of costal margin, a spot on inner margin beyond

end of clavus, and an oblique streak at base chocolate-

brown ; wings pale iridescent creamy white ; face extending

considerably in front of and above eyes, the margins strongly

ridged, centrally carinate.

Long., excl. tegm., mm.; exp. tegm. 10 mm.

Hah. Queensland {F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

This appears to be the first described Australian species of

this Oriental, Malayan, and Ethiopian genus. Brixia has

already been traced to New Guinea.

Hamba, gen. nov.

Head with the vertex narrow, longer than broad, with two

longitudinal carinations and the lateral margins also strongly

raised ; face elongately subtriangular, the anterior margin

convex, widened towards clypeus, with the lateral margins

strongly ampliate and moderately recurved, very strongly

centrally longitudinally carinate ; clypeus triangular, cen-

trally carinate ; pronotum small, centrally tricarinate ; meso-

notum tricarinate ; tegmina elongate, narrow, more than

twice longer than broad, costal margin moderately convex,

apical margin rounded, inwardly obliquely widened from apex

of claval area; veins longitudinal, some discal transverse

veins a little beyond middle, and a series of continuous trans-

verse subapical veins defining a series of short apical areas ;

wings a little wider than tegmina ; legs moderately short and

robust, basal joint of tarsi very long.

Type, H. perjplexa, Walk.

20*

280

Mr. W. L. Distant on ITomoptera.

Hamha perplexa.

Civius perplexus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 147 (1857).

Hah, Borneo.

Hamha inclinata.

Cixius inclinatus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 147 (1875).

Hah. Borneo.

Taloka, gen. nov.

Head with the vertex broad, a little longer than broad, mode-

rately ampllated anteriorly, tricarinate, the lateral carinations

curved inwardly anteriorly and from each side of which there

emerges a strong oblique caririation in front of eyes ; face

very large, clypeus very small, the first tricarinate, the lateral

carinations oblique and terminating considerably before

clypeus, a prominent transverse rugosity on each side of

central carination at region of eyes, and the appearance of an

obsolete ocellus on each side of the same before clypeus ;

pronotum considerably shorter than head and centrally tri-

carinate ; mesonotum indistinctly seen owing to insertion of

pin in the unique typical specimen, but apparently strongly

tricarinate ; tegmina moderately broad, with two series of

transverse veins and with a distinct ovate cell beyond claval

area ; legs moderately short and robust.

Type, T. opaca^ Walk.

Taloka opaca.

Brixia opaca, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. Ill (1867).

Hob. New Guinea.

Genus Oliarus.

Oliarus, StSl, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. vi. p. 306 (1862).

Type, 0. Walkeri^ Stal.

Oliarus maculifrons.

Cixius maculifrons, Walk. List Horn. ii. p. 343 (1851).

Hah. Sierra Leone.

OUnriis vicarius.

Cixius vicarius, Walk. List Horn. ii. p. 343 (1851).

Hah. Florida.

281

Mr. W. L. Distant on Iloinoptera.

Oliarus testaceus.

Cixius testaceus, Walk. List Horn. ii. p. 344 (1851).

Hab. ?

Oliarus simplex.

Cixius simplex, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 147 (1857).

Hab. Borneo.

Oliarus reductus,

Cixius reductus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 105 (1867).

Hab. Mjsol.

Oliarus intertectus,

Brixia intertectus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 114 (1867).

Hab. New Guinea.

Oliarus privatus.

Brixia privata, Walk. MS.

Hab. Mysol.

The unique typical specimen is without head, and therefore

description at present is unwarranted.

Oliarus Melichari, nom. nov.

Oliarus frontalis, Melich. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiv. p. 282 (1905) : nom.

praeocc. Melich. (1904).

Hab. E. Africa.

Oliarus funebris.

Cixius funehris. Walk. Ins. Saund., Horn. p. 41 (1858).

Hab. Natal.

Oliarus modicus.

Cixius modicus. Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 148 (1857).

Hab. Borneo.

Oliarus latifrons.

Cixius latifrons. Walk. List Horn. ii. p. 844 (1861).

Hab. ?

Oliarus fulvus.

Cixius fulvus. Walk. List Horn., Suppl. p. 77 (1853).

Hah. Santarera.

282

^Ir. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

Oliarus efferatus,

Cixius ejferatus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 87 (18.56).

IJah. Singapore.

Oliarus subpunctatus,

JBrixia subpimctata, Walk. Joum. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 112 (1867).

Hab. Flores.

Oliarus dingkana^ sp. n.

Head and pronotum black ; vertical ridges to head, mar-

gins of pronotum, and carinae to mesonotum pale testaceous ;

face and cljpeus black, margins and a central carination

traversing both, pale testaceous ; body beneath imperfectly

seen in carded specimens now before me ; legs pale testaceous,

femora more or less testaceous with their apices ochraceous ;

tegmina hyaline, the venation and stigma piceous, interior

margins to about end of clavus piceous ; vertex slightly nar-

rowed anteriorly, the margins strongly ridged ; face with the

base truncate, obliquely ampliated towards clypeus, before

which it is a little convex, the central carination is a little

bifurcate at base, enclosing a small black sulcus ; pronotum

short, angularly narrowed to between base of eyes ; meso-

notum with five carinations, the two outermost strongly bent

beyond middle ; tibiae deeply longitudinally grooved, posterior

tibiae without spines.

In some specimens the outer mesonotal carinations are

black, and the interior margin of the tegmina only piceous at

apical half of clavus.

Long., inch tegm., 7 mm.

Hab. Queensland ; Peak Downs (Colls. DIst. and Biit.

Mus.).

Oliarus lubrOy sp. n.

Allied to the prectding species, but larger ; lateral margins

of face from beyond middle and just extending to base of

clypeus ochraceous; mesonotum much broader, with the

lateral angles pale testaceous ; tegmina broader and the

transverse veins on a})ical area more pronouncedly piceous.

Long., inch tegm., 8 mm.

Hab. Queensland ; Peak Downs (Colls. Dist. and Brit.

Mus.).

I have placed cotypes of this and the preceding species in

the National Collection.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Hoiiioptera.

283

Genus Mnemosyne.

Mnemosyne, StSl, Hem. A.t‘r. iv. p. 1-50 (1866).

Type, xl/. plahicpps^ Fabr.

Mnemosyne planiceps.

Flata planiceps, Fabr. Syst. Rhyng. p. 48 (180-3).

Civius columbue, Walk. List Horn. ii. p. 339 (1851).

Hab. Central America ; Cuba.

Mnemosyne Dohertyi^ sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum castaiieous ; abdomen

above piceous; face, sternum, and legs ferruginous brown ;

abdomen beneath dark castaneous, the segmental margins

ochraceous ; tegmina subhyaline, trie- like, sprinkled with

minute ferruginous setigerous spots or granules, veins pale

castaneous, stigma, upper apical margin, a sinuate streak

from end of radial area bifurcating to middle of apical margin

and outer angle of interior margin, claval area and inner

margin ferruginous brown, outer half of stigma piceous ;

wings very pale fuliginous, the veins and extreme base

piceous, apical maigin narrowly ferruginous brown ; vertex

a little narrowing anteriorly, lateral margins ridged and with

a more obscure central carination ; face centrally ridged,

posteriorly angularly emarginate ; clypeus elongate, globose,

finely centrally ridged ; pronotum very finely punctate, with

a central longitudinal ridge; mesonotum with five longitudinal

tarinations, those on each side of the central carination more

discal and obscure ; tegmina elongate, apices angularly

rounded ; anterior legs thickened.

Long., excl. tegm., 10^ mm.; exp. tegm. 24 mm.

Hab. South-east Borneo {Doherty).

Allied to M. phiiippina^ Stal.

Mnemosyne cameranensis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum castaneous, extreme apex

of mesonotum and abdomen above testaceous, the segmental

margins ochraceous, anal appendage piceous ; face, clypeus,

sternum, and legs brownish testaceous ; abdomen beneath

piceous, the segmental margins pale ochraceous ; tegmina

subhyaline, talc-like, the veins ferruginous brown, a series of

similarly coloured spots round the apical margin, of which

the two lowermost near apex of inner margin are largest,

284

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

stigma pale ocliraceous, with its outer half ferruginous brown ;

wings very slightly fuliginous, the veins fuscous, apical

margin ferruginous brown ; vertex slightly narrowed ante-

riorly, the margins ridged, centrally somewhat obscurely

longitudinally carinate; face and clypeus with a continuous

central fine carination, face anteriorly convexly narrowed,

posteriorly strongly angularly emarginate ; pronotum short,

centrally carinate ; mesonotum with five carinations, the one

on each side of the central carination more discal and obscure ;

tegmina with the apex rounded, the stigma moderately

small and narrow; anterior legs not prominently incrassated.

Long., excl. tegm., 1\ mm. ; exp. tegm. 17 mm.

Hob, Cameroons {Escahra, Brit. Mus.).

Genus Bodecia.

Bodecia, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 117 (1867).

Type, B. varipesy Walk.

The unique type of this genus is in a most mutilated

condition, and its proper location is a question of doubt and

difficulty. The structure of the tegmina apparently allies it

to Mnemosyne^ near which I have (awaiting better and further

material) placed it.

Genus Cixius.

Cixius, Latr. Hist. Nat. Ins. xii. p. 310 (1830-4).

Type, C. nervosus, Linn.

Cixius per sicus^ nom. nov.

Cixius longipennis, Melich. Annuaire Mus. St. P^tersb. vii. p. 86 (1902) :

nom. preeocc. Walk. (1851).

Cixius merula^ sp. n.

Vertex of head and pronotum ochraceous, disk of vertex

more or less piceous ; face black, basal margin and lateral

and central ridges ochraceous; mesonotum entirely jet-black ;

tegmina subhyaline with a very pale ochraceous tint, thickly

and minutely speckled or spotted with fuscous ; body beneath

and legs ochraceous, lateral areas of sternum, clypeus, and

basal .and lateral margins of abdomen black; vertex some-

what broad, narrowed anteriorly, margins very strongly

ridged and with a more or less obsolete central ridge ;

285

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

face narrowed anteriorlj, moderately roundly ampliated to-

wards clypeiis, central and lateral ridges very pronounced ;

mesonotum with the disk a little depressed, tricarinate ; the

central carination weakest ; sternal segmental margins

ridged.

Long., inch tegm., to 4^ mm.

Hah. Queensland ; Peak Downs (Colls. Dist. and Brit.

Mus.).

Somewhat allied in general appearance to the Palsearctic

C. simplex, Herr.-Sch.

Genus Benna.

Benna, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 90 (1856).

Type, B. capitulata, Walk.

Benna guttata.

Brixia guttata^ Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x, p. 110 (1867).

ditiasa, Walk. MS.

Hah, New Guinea, Sula.

Species in too mutilated a condition for Generic Determination,

and some prohahly not even belonging to this Subfamily.

nanula.

Brixia nanula^ Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 112 (1867).

Hah. New Guinea.

concinnula.

Brixia concinnula, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 110 (1867).

Hah, Sula.

ruhiginosa, MS. ?

despectus.

Cixius despectus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 148 (1857).

Hah. Borneo.

— vilis.

Cixius vilis, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 148 (1857).

Hah. Borneo.

286

j\Ir. W. L. Distant on Moino{>tera.

e quits.

Ci.rfus equKS, ^^'alk. Journ. Liun. Soc., Zool. i. p. 147 (1857).

Ilah. Borneo.

Jiffinis.

Civius diffinis, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 146 (1857).

linh. Borneo.

congrua.

Brixia congrua^ Walk. Journ. Liun. Soc., Zool. x. p. 110 (1867).

Ilah. Mysol.

terminalis,

Brixia terminalis, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. Ill (1867).

Ilab. New Guinea.

muriitus.

Cixius munitus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 149 (1857).

Uab. Borneo.

• suhlucida.

Brixia sublucida, Walk. Journ. Linn. See., Zool. x. p. 1C7 (1867).

Hab. New Guinea.

insuetus,

Cixius insuetus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc,, Zool. i. p. 150 (1867).

Uab. Borneo.

deductus.

Cixius deductus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 149 (1867)

JJab. Borneo.

atratula.

Brixia aU alula, ^^■alk. Journ. l.inn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 107 (1867).

Uab. IMoity,

287

]\Ir. AV. L. Distant on ITomopfera.

Subfam. Tropiducrinje.

Genus Ficakasa.

Ftcarasa, "Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i, p. 162 (1857)

Type, F, pallida j W alk.

Ftcarasa straminea^ sp. n.

Body and legs dark stramineous ; tegmina pale strami-

neous ; wings pale hyaline ; vertex more than twice as broad

as long, marginally and centrally carinate, anteriorly convex,

laterally straight, posteriorly strongly angularly emarginate ;

f)ronotum about as long as vertex, centrally and laterally

carinate, strongly subconically produced between eyes, pos-

terior margin angularly emarginate ; mesonotum longer

than vertex and pionotum together, ti icarinate, the lateral

carinations obliquely incurved anteriorly and joining the

central carination a little befoie base of pronotum ; face

broad, but longer than broad, the lateral margins curved

outwardly at about two thirds from base and then obliquely

narrowed to clypeus, anterior and lateral margins strongly

caiinate, the disk ti icarinate, an oblique carination on each

side of the central one, commencing a little before clypeus

and terminating near anterior angles; tegmina with the

costal area strongly transversely veined, apical area divided

by two transverse series of transverse veins, many of the

outer series bifurcate.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 mm. ; exp. tegm. 27 mm.

Hah. Malay Aichipelago ; Ilalmaheira {W, Doherty).

Ftcarasa australasice^ sp. n.

Pale ochraceous, in fresh specimens probably pale virescent ;

vertex broader than long, anterior and lateral margins

ridged, centrally longitudinally carinate ; face broadly

elongate, a little ampliate towards clypeus, anterior and

lateral margins ridged, centrally longitudinally carinate ;

clypeus centrally ridged, not much more than half the length

of face ; pronotum angularly produced between the eyes,

tricarinate ; mesonotum tricarinate ; tegmina with the costal

area obliquely transversely veined, two series of transverse

veins beyond middle enclosing a space much narrower than

that between it and the apical margin ; posterior tibiae with

three spines.

Long., excl. tegm., mm. ; exp. tegm. 21^ to 23 mm.

llab. Queensland; Kuranda [F. P. Dodd^ Brit. Mus.).

288

Mr. W. L. Distant on llomoptera.

Magia, gen. nov.

Vertex wide, a little longer than broad, flat, lateral mar-

gins straight, anterior and lateral margins ridged, centrally

longitudinally carinate ; face with the lateral margins a little

concave, prominently angularly ampliate on each side of

posterior margin, tricarinate, the lateral carinations curved

and anteriorly joining the central carination, clypeus centrally

ridged ; pronotum a little shorter than vertex, not produced

beyond base of head, tricarinate ; mesonotum about as long

as pronotum and vertex together, tricarinate, the lateral

carinations posteriorly outwardly directed; abdomen equal in

length to space between anterior margin of vertex and

posterior angle of mesonotum ; posterior tibiae with two

spines ; tegmina somewhat long and narrow, anterior claval

area with three transverse veins, apical area with numerous

transverse veins, some of which form a continuous apical

submarginal series ; wings narrow, two series of transverse

veins beyond middle.

Type, M. subocellata, Dist.

Magia suhocellataj sp. n.

Body and legs pale ochraceous ; two spots at anterior

margin of face, two small spots at base of anterior coxae, a

spot on each lateral margin of mesosternum, lateral and

posterior margins, lateral carina3, two spots between them,

and two very small spots near each lateral angle of pronotum,

lateral margins, carinae, two spots near each side of anterior

margin, and two very small spots near base of mesonotum,

posterior margins and angles of abdominal segments above,

and the tarsal claws, black; carinations to face testaceous ;

tegmina subhyaline, very slightly pale fuliginous, the

venation fuscous, stigma ochraceous, a lower subapical black

spot with a white pupil at its upper margin ; wings sub-

hyaline, the venation fuscous.

Long., excl. tegm., 8 mm.; exp. tegm. 21 mm.

Hab. Queensland, Kuranda {F. P, Dodd^ Brit. Mus.).

Genus Paricana.

Paricana, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 158 (1857).

Type, P. dilatipennisj Walk.

Paricana curvifera.

eurvifera^ Walk. MS.

Vertex, mesonotum, abdomen above, body beneath and

289

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

legs ochraceous ; pronotum, base and apical area of abdomen

above, and a central fascia to face and scutellum testaceous

red ; posterior angle to mesoiiotum black ; legs ochraceous,

the tarsi and posterior femora piceous ; tegmina hyaline, the

veins ochraceous, margins, the stigma and a curved fascia

connecting it with inner margin ferruginous brown ; vertex

very narrow ; face smooth and shining, the central reddish

area a little raised and grooved on each side ; pronotum and

mesonotum tricarinate, the latter with the lateral carinations

curved and anteriorly joining the central carination ; posterior

tibiae with two spines.

Long., inch tegm., 8 mm.

Hah. Aru {Wallace^ Brit. Mus.).

This species was standing under the genus Gixius in the

British Museum and labelled curviferay Walk., but 1 cannot

trace any published description.

Subfam. Achilin^.

Genus Faventia.

Faventia, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 181 (1866).

Type, F, pustulataj Walk.

Faventia guttifer.

Cixius guttifer^ Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 146 (1857).

Hah. Borneo.

Mahuna, gen. nov.

Vertex of head about as long as broad, a little pointed in

front, lateral margins oblique and carinate, centrally more

obscurely carinate, basal margin broadly subconcave ; face

much narrower anteriorly than before clypeus, strongly

centrally ridged, lateral margins moderately ridged, roundly

ampliated before clypeus, which is only about half its length

and centrally and laterally carinate ; pronotum narrow and

centrally carinate ; mesonotum elongate, about twice as long

as head and vertex together, tricarinate; abdomen broad

and flattened; legs simple; tegmina somewhat long and

narrow, apical margin rounded, claval margin subangularly

dilated near base and then narrowed to claval apex, thence

obliquely widened to apex, claval vein apically curved down-

ward and terminating at about one third before apex, a few

transverse veins near apex of costal margin ; wings con-

siderably broader than tegmina.

Type, M. co7ispersa, Dist.

290

Mr. AV. L. Distant on Ilomoptera.

]\[ahuna conspersa, sp. n.

Dody ocliraceons or greenish ocliraceous; legs paler,

atiterior and intermediate tibiae darkly annulated ; tegmina

creamy white, opaque, sprinkled with fuscous, more pro-

minently spotted on costal and apical margins, two small

piceous spots on claval margin, one near middle, the other

at apex; wings very pale fuliginous.

Long., excl. tegm., 5^ mm. ; exp. tegm. 15 mni.

Hah. Queensland [F. I\ Dodd^ Brit. Mus.).

Tudea, gen. nov.

Head with the vertex about as broad as long, the lateral

margins veiy strongly ridged, centrally obscurely carinate,

the base subconcavely emarginate, face concave, anterior

margin truncate, lateral margins convexly rounded, centrally

obscurely carinate, about twice as long as clypeus, which is

obscurely centrally carinate and has its lateral margin

ridged ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxae ; pronotum

a little longer than vertex, anteriorly produced between eyes,

tricarinate, the lateral carinations almost meeting in front of

the central carination ; mesonotum almost twdce as long as

pronotum and vertex together, obscurely tricarinate; abdo-

men above centrally ridged and obliquely deflected on each

lateral area ; legs simple, posterior tibiae with a short sub-

central spine, posterior tarsi wdth the basal joint a little

longer than the other two joints together ; tegmina moderately

broad and short, apex truncately rounded, interior margin of

clavus angularly dilated and then obliquely narrowed to

claval apex, thence obliquely widened to apical margin, radial

area very broad, a few transverse veins near apex of costal

margin, veins on apical area longitudinal, almost entirely

wdthout transverse veins, claval vein terminating at about

one third before apex ; wings broader than tegmina, more

densely longitudinally veined at apical angle.

Type, T. picturataj Dist.

Tudea piciurata.^ sp. n.

Head and pronotum ocliraceous ; eyes, central base of pro-

notum, and the mesonotum chocolate-brown ; abdomen above

and beneath virescent, the base greyish white ; face, sternum,

and legs greyish white, anterior area of face and lateral

margins of prosternum pale ocliraceous ; tegmina stramineous,

upper half sprinkled with dark spots, a large spot on dilated

291

Mr. W. L. Distant on Ilomoptera.

basal claval area, and a subapical marginal fascia broadly

bifurcating on interior margin, pale purplish brown, this

fascia is broken near upper apical angle ; wings creamy

while, hyaline.

Long., excl. t'egm., mm.; exp. tegm. 19-20 mrn.

Ilab. Queensland (F. P. Dodd^ JLut. Mus.).

Booneta, gen. nov.

Booneta, ^IS., Brit, Mas.

Head much shorter than pronotum, vertex shorter than

broad, the margins ridged, centrally carinate, the anterior

angles appearing prominent from above ; face long, con-

vex ly deflected, rather more than twice as long as clypeus,

nearly equally broad throughout, the lateral margins straight,

both face and clypeus strongly centrally and marginally

carinate; rostrum not passing the posterior coxag, the apical

joint elongate ; posterior tibiae unarmed ; pronotum about as

long as vertex, centrally tricarinate, the lateral carinations

curved and joining the central one at anterior margin ; rneso-

notum about as long as pronotum and vertex together, tri-

carinate, the lateral carinations sinuate; tegmina short and

broad, apical margin obliquely truncate, inner margin

obliquely arnpliate from end of clavus, costal area broad,

veins longitudinal, a transverse subapical line formed by

transverse veins, and three transverse veins on disk; wings

a little narrower than tegmina.

Type, B. ferruginea^ Walk.

Booneta ferruginea.

Cixius ferrtigineus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 104 (1867).

Oixius caliginosus, Walk, loc, cit. p. 105.

Ilah. New Guinea, Mysol.

Booneta lurida.

Cixius Iw’idus, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 104 (1867).

Hah. Mysol.

OuwEA, gen. nov.

Head much narrower than pronotum, vertex short, very

much broader than long, its anterior lateral angles prominent ;

face about twice as long as clypeus, somewhat flat, with the

lateral margins strongly laminately reflexed, narrowing

towards clypeus, its posterior margin sinuated for the recep-

tion of the clypeus, centrally longitudinally carinate ; clypeus

292

J\Ir. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

strongly centrally keeled, its lateral margins lammately

carinately reflexed ; rostrum with the apical joint elongate;

pronotum a little shorter than vertex, centrally carinate ;

rnesonotum about twice as long as pronotum and vertex

together, its disk moderately flatly raised, distinctly deflected

before pronotum, obscurely tricarinate ; abdomen broad, con-

siderably longer than space between apex of head and posterior

angle of rnesonotum ; legs simple, posterior tibise with one

spine, basal joint of posterior tarsi elongate ; tegmina with

the apical margin obliquely rounded, obliquely broadened

from apex of clavus, apical third of costal area obliquely

transversely veined, lower discoidal area very strongly

sinuated, a subapical sinuate transverse line consisting of

transverse veins, defining a series of longitudinal apical areas;

wings broader than tegmina.

Type, 0, Doddi^ Dist.

Ouwea Doddiy sp. n.

Body brownish ochraceous, paler beneath than above ;

rnesonotum with three longitudinal ochraceous lines above

the obscure carinations, its lateral and apical margins ochra-

ceous ; first and second abdominal segments above more or

less ochraceous; face and sternum mottled with ochraceous and

castaneous ; legs very pale ochraceous, femora obsoletely

annulated with brownish ; tegmina bronzy ochraceous,

beyond middle becoming darker between the veins, three

large spots in costal area, a large sublunulate apical spot,

some spots near posterior angle of inner margin, two spots

in claval area, and a discal spot, greyish white ; wings

fuliginous brown, the basal area very much paler and

subhyaline.

Long., excl. tegm., c? 7, ? 8 mm. ; exp. tegm., ^ 20-

21, ? 25 mm.

Hah, Queensland ; Kuranda [F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Genus Rhotala.

Rhotala, Walk. Journ Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 152 (1857).

Errada, Walk. loc. cit. x. p. 116 (1867).

Type, R. delineata. Walk.

Head moderately conically produced in front of eyes,

centrally and laterally ridged, between the ridges the surface

foveate, face a little longer (not twice as long) than clypeus,

subconical, beyond middle rather abruptly convexly widened

to base of clypeus, both moderately longitudinally carinate,

Mr. W. L. Distant on Ilomoptera.

293

lateral margins of clypeus distinctly carinate; antennae

robust, longly produced, inserted a little beneath eyes, apical

joint longest and stoutest ; pronotum somewhat long and

tricarinate, the carinated area convexly produced between

the eyes, the posterior margin angularly sinuate, lateral

margins oblique ; mesonotum about as long as pronotum,

tricarinate, the lateral carinations inwardly obliquely bent

behind middle and joining the central carination at base;

femora slightly dilated, beneath strongly centrally carinate ;

posterior tibiae with five spines, the first near base, the fifth

and largest at about one fourth from apex ; tegmina narrow,

the costal margin slightly undulate and convex, apical

margin rounded, claval area inwardly angularly widened and

subobliquely narrowed to apex, beyond claval apex again

slightly widened, costal area obliquely transversely veined

from about middle, radial area obliquely transversely veined,

apical area longitudinally veined and containing a few obscure

transverse veins, at the base of apical area and from beneath

radial area an irregular dividing-line formed of transverse

veins, claval vein not reaching apex of claval area ; wings

about twice as broad as tegmina, and containing an irregular

series of subapical transverse veins.

In his description of this genus Walker makes no mention

of the five spines to the posterior tibiae, and in his figure of

the typical species only four are delineated.

Fowler (Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bhynch. Horn. ii. p. 137)

places the genus as of uncertain position, and writes it most

probably must be placed with the Cixiinae. He. however,

also states that the genus in some respects is closely allied to

Helicoptera. In this latter view I agree, and consider its

position is with the Achilinae.

Ehotala delineata.

Wiotala delineata, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 152, t. vii. fig. 6

(1857).

Vertex of head and pronotum ferruginous ; mesonotum and

face piceous, the latter with the lateral margins flecked with

greyish ; body beneath piceous ; abdomen above pale testa-

ceous, basal segment and anal appendage castaneous brown ;

legs pale castaneous brown with ochraceous annulations;

tegmina pale greyish brown, the veins so far as commence-

ment of apical area spotted with castaneous, four somewhat

large castaneous spots in costal area and two on disk, the

dividing-veins at base of apical area suffused with dark

castaneous, apical area paler and more unicolorous, with

Ann, dc Mag, N, Hist, Ser, 7. Vol, xix. 21

294

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

some greyish suffusions ; wings fuliginous, with the veins

fuscous ; face very finely and thickly granulose, somewhat

foveate, centrally longitudinally carinate, margin broadly

ridged ; carinations to vertex, pro- and mesonota strongly

pronounced.

Long., excl. tegm., 10 mm. ; exp. tegm. 24 mm.

Hah. Borneo ( Wallace, Brit. Mus.).

RTiotala philippinensisj sp. n.

Vertex of head and pronotum ochraceous, the carinations

a little paler in liue, lateral areas of the pronotum piceous;

mesonotum ochraceous, the disk between the central carina-

tions piceous, and an anterior marginal piceous spot on each

side of the outer carinations, posterior angle ochraceous ; face

and clypeus piceous, anterior angle or base of first ochraceous ;

body beneath more or less piceous ; legs ochraceous ; tegmina

ochraceous, the veins finely spotted with piceous, some larger

and somewhat obscure, irregularly shaped piceous spots on disk

and costal area, two distinct cretaceous white spots on disk

beyond middle, the outermost just touching the inner margin

of apical area, which is paler in hue and unspotted ; wings

pale fuliginous, a little darker at apex ; vertex of head

foveate above and at sides, the lateral margins distinctly

raised above the level of the pronotum, the latter with its

anterior margin conically produced to the latitude of the

anterior margins of the eyes ; posterior tibiae with five spines,

the two nearer base smaller and placed closer together ;

apical margin of tegmina obliquely rounded.

Long, (abdomen mutilated) ; exp. tegm. 21 mm.

Hah, Philippines {Whitehead, Brit. Mus.).

Talaloa, gen. nov.

Head narrower than the pronotum, vertex obliquely

narrowing to apex, its lateral margins strongly ridged, and

appearing as angularly prominent at apex ; face long and

narrow, but not longer than clypeus, elongately subtriangular,

broadening to clypeus, centrally and laterally ridged ; clypeus

long, slender, narrowing to apex, centrally and laterally

ridged ; rostrum long, its apical joint elongate ; antennse

robust, longly prominent, second joint nearly twice the length

of first ; pronotum shorter than vertex, centrally carinate ;

mesonotum longer than pronotum and vertex together, tri-

carinate; legs simple, posterior tibiae unarmed, basal joint

of posterior tarsi elongate; tegmina and wings subhyaline,

the first broadly rounded at apex, inner margin moderately

295

On a Freshwater Crustacean from Para,

obliquely ampliated from end of clavus, which is angularly

posteriorly dilated near base, a curved line formed by trans-

verse veins crossing tegmen at about one fourth from apex

enclosing a series of narrow longitudinal apical areas ; this is

preceded by three transverse veins enclosing four discoidal

areas ; wings a little broader than tegmina, three oblique

transverse veins on disk, apical veins mostly forked.

Allied to Rhotala^ Walk., by the robust and longly pro-

duced antennse; the tegmina give the appearance of a

Tropiduchid, but the lateral carinate margins to the clypeus

induce its being regarded as an Achilid.

Type, T. pallescens^ Dist.

Talaloa pallescens, sp. n.

Body above and antennae castaneous brown ; body beneath

and legs pale ochraceous ; abdomen beneath pale brownish,

with the posterior segmental margin and a central discal line

pale ochraceous ; posterior tarsi annulated with pale brownish ;

tegmina and wings pale subhyaline, the venation fuscous ;

tegmina slightly fuliginous, the stigma fuscous, traversed at

base by a creamy-white line which is widened posteriorly.

Long., excl. tegm., 4J-6 mm. ; exp. tegm. 14-16 mm.

Hab, Queensland; Kuranda [F,P. Dodd^ Brit. Mus,).

Genus ?

Eurial globulifera^ Walk, Ins. Saund., Horn. p. 108 (1858).

HaF ?

This species does not belong to the Tropiduchid genus

Euria,— Tropiduchus^ Stal, but is an Achilid. As it is an

unlocalized species, 1 refrain from describing the genus.

XXXV, — On a Freshwater Decapod Crustacean collected

by W, J. Burchell at Pard in 1829. By W. T. Calman,

l3.Sc., British Museum (Natural History).

Amonc^ a few dried Crustacea belonging to the Burchell

collection submitted to me for determination by Prof. Poulton

is a small shrimp-like animal, little more than half an inch

in length, labelled in Burchell‘’s handwriting From the well,

4.9.29.'’^ Prof. Poulton informs me that, at the date indicated

21*

296

Dr. W. T. Caiman on a

(Sept. 4, 1829), Burcliell was living in Par4*. The fragile

and shrivelled specimen had been laid aside as indeterminable

wlien my attention was, by chance, directed to Mr. E. J.

Miers^s description and figures of a form which he assigned

to a new genus of Pala3monida3 under the name Earyrhynchus

Wrzesmowskii j", and of which tv/o specimens were obtained

from a well in Cayenne by Prof. Wrzesniowsky, of Warsaw.

One of Miers’s types exists, in fragments, in the British

Museum collection, and a comparison with Burchelhs specimen

shows that the two are certainly congeneric and possibly even

specifically identical. Since, however, there are definite,

though not very important, differences between the two, I

propose to refer to Burchelhs specimen under the new specific

name of E, Burchelli.

The figures given by Miers are somewhat unsatisfactory

and his description is incomplete, especially in the absence of

any account of the mouth-parts. The genus has therefore

remained in obscurity, and, so far as I have been able to

discover, the only further reference to it is by Prof. Kingsley,

who, in his revision of the Palsemonidse j, quotes Miers’s

description and leaves the systematic position of the genus

doubtful. In view of this uncertainty, it seems worth while

to record the results of an examination of the two specimens.

Burchell’s specimen, in spite of its great age, was found, on

being carefully relaxed, to be in fairly good condition.

The following diagnosis includes the characters which

seem to be of generic importance.

Family Palsemonidae.

Genus Eukyehynchus, Miers.

Bostrum very short, flattened, without teeth above or below.

Carapace with an antennal spine, but no supraorbital, hepatic,

or branchiostegal spines. Outer flagellum of antennules com-

pletely divided. Mandible without a palp. Third maxilli-

peds slender. Second peraeopods much stronger than the

first.

Type species, E. Wrzesniowshii^ Miers.

The absence of the mandibular palp brings this genus

within a group which lies near the boundary-line between

the Palsemonidae and Pontoniidae and renders this line, as

Schenkel has remarked, somewhat indefinite. The fact that

* Cf. Poulton, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiii. pp. 45-56, pi. iii.

t Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 662, pi. Ixvii. tigs. 2-2 6.

f Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1879, p. 424.

297

Freshwater Crustacean from Pard.

the two branches of the outer flagellum of the antennules are

divided to the base may, however, be taken as indicating for

the genus a place within the Palsemonida3. The other genera

usually incliuled- in this family which have no palps on the

mandibles are Pahemonetes, Heller, Borra-

daile, and Ancijlocaris^ Schenkel. From these the present

genus is distinguished by the form of the rostrum and by the

absence of spines except the antennal on the antero-lateral

region of the carapace.

Euryrhynclius WrzesniowslcUy I\Iiers. (Fig. 1.)

Euryrhynchus Wrzesniowskiiy Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 662,

pi. Ixvii. tigs. 2-2 h.

Merus of second perasopods with two inconspicuous rounded

lobes at the distal end below ; carpus without a spine on the

inner side ; fingers hardly longer than the palm. Telsori

with the tip rather narrowly rounded, projecting nearly as

far as the long lateral spines.

Fig. 1.

Euryrhynchus Wrzesniowshiij Miers. Distal end of telson.

I can find no trace of the small spine between the eyes

and the rostrum described by Miers, and the telson, as

figured, is much too narrow.

Locality. Cayenne, in a w^ell.^^ Co-type in British

Museum.

Euryrhynchus Burchelli^ sp. n. (Figs. 2-8.)

Menis of second peiaeopods with two acute spiniforra teeth

at the distal end of its lower surface ; carpus with a sharp

tooth on the inner side near the distal end ; fingers distinctly

longer than the palm. Telson with the tip broadly rounded,

not projecting nearly as far as the long lateral spines.

Lccalitij. Paid, 4th September, 1829 ; Burcheli Coll. Type

in Hope Museum, Oxford.

* Mr. Borradaile has pointed out to me that this name was first used

by Stimpson in 1871 (Atm. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, x. p. 128), but

apparently only as a nomen nudum. Whether Borradaile’s later use of

the namehs illegal may be left to the decision of those interested in such

questions.

298

On a Freshwater Crustacean from Pard.

Fig. 2.

'Euryrliijnchus Burclielli.

2, — Anterior part of carapace, from the side.

Fig. 3. — Anterior part of cara]>ace, with eyes, antennules, and auteunre,

from above (set£e omitted).

Fig. 4. — Mandible.

Fig. 5. — Distal end of merus and carpus of second perajopod from outer

side.

Fig. 6. — Distal part of second permopod (left side) from below.

Fig. 7. — Dactylus of third permopod.

p’ig. 8, — Telson and uropod. Marginal set;e of uropod omitted.

On new Species of Ileterocera,

299

Comparative Measurements,

E. Wrzesniowskii.

E. Burchelli.

mm.

chela

palm

The fact tliat both the forms referred to this genus were

found in wells suggests that they belong to the subterranean

fauna. The eyes, however, although small, are well-pig-

mented and facetted. Certain blind forms referred to the

genus F alcemo7ietes have been described from subterranean

liabitats in Texas and in Cuba. They are still imperfectly

known and it does not seem certain that they are correctly

assigned to that genus. They are certainly specifically, and

probably generically, distinct from the forms here dealt

with.

XXXVI. — Descriptions of new Species of Ileterocera hehnqiag

to the Families Syntomidj^e, Hypsida?, Cyllopodhlae, Diop-

tidse, and Erateininse. By Herbert Druce, F.L.S. &c.

Family Syntomidge.

Agijrta varuna^ sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, and thorax black, the shaft of the

antennae white ; the collar and palpi bright crimson ; tegulae

black, edged with white ; abdomen metallic blue above,

white on the underside ; a bluish-white dorsal stripe extends

from the thorax to the anus. Primaries black, with a semi-

hyaline white band from the base as far as the end of the

cell; a white spot near the apex: secondaries pale yellow,

the apex and outer margin broadly black shot with brilliant

blue; the fringes of both wings black. Underside primaries

very similar to the upperside, but shot with brilliant blue :

secondaries with the costal margin banded with white and an

300 Mr. II. Druce on

oval-sliapecl wlilte spot close to the apex, the black margia

glossed with blue.

Expanse inch.

Hah. Peru, Pichbs Road, 3000 feet {Watlcins^Mus. Druce).

Allied to Agyrta flavitincta^ Ilampson, from Bolivia.

Family Hypsidae.

CalUmorplia solai^ sp. n.

Head, antennae, palpi, collar, tegulse, and thorax black;

abdomen above orange-yellow banded with black ; the under-

side, anus, and legs black. Primaries yellowish cream-

colour, the costal margin, apex, and outer margin black, the

inner edge of the black outer margin deeply dentated about

tlie middle ; a black spot above the anal angle and a black

band near the apex ; a spot at the end of the cell and the

base of the wing black : secondaries dark orange, broadly

bordered with black ; a black spot at the end of the cell ; the

secondaries are almost identical with those of CaUimorpha

TheJwalHj Druce. Underside almost identical with the

upperside, but the primaries dark orange-yellow, the same as

the secondaries.

Expanse 2| inches.

Hah. British East Africa {Mus. Druce).

Specimens are also in the National Collection.

Eucyane dilutana, sp. n.

Head, antennae, palpi, collar, tegulce, thorax, abdomen, and

legs all black ; the underside of the head and front of thorax

yellow. Primaries black, the veins slightly greyish ; a

yellow band crosses the wing beyond the cell from the costal

margin to the anal angle, where it becomes quite narrow;

the fringe black ; secondaries black ; a submarginal yellow

band extends from close to the apex to the anal angle, be-

coming rather reddish ; tlie outer margin black. The under-

side very similar to the upperside, but the bands more shaded

with red.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hah. Amazons [Mus. Brit.).

Allied to Eucyane kedar^ Druce.

Pericopis anadema^ sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennm, palpi, and legs black ; two white

spots on the collar ; tegula3 yellow, with a black line

301

new Species oj Hekrocera,

down the middle; thorax blackish brown, with two yellowish-

white spots at the base ; abdomen above black, striped with

yellow on each side, the anal segments black, the anal tuft

yellow; the underside of ihe abdomen pale yellow. Pri-

maries semihyalinc, shaded with brown; the apex, outer

margin, and inner margin brownish black ; two brownish-

black lines cross the wing from the costal margin, the first

from the end of the cell to the outer margin, the second

about the middle of the wing; a marginal row of minute

white dots extends from the apex to the anal angle : second-

aries orange-yellow in some specimens, the veins blackish;

the outer margin black, with a marginal row of very minute

white dots. Underside very similar to the upperside ; the

fringe blackish brown. — Female. Primaries pale brownish

yellow, crossed from the costal margin beyond the middle by

a wide broken yellow* band : secondaries orange-yellow, the

outer margins black, the white dots very indistinct.

Expanse, S $ 3 inches.

Hah. Colombia, Minca, 2000 feet [H. H. Smitli^j 10 S)

1 $ (l/w.9. Druce).

One specimen in the National Collection from Panama.

Pericopis Forhesi^ sp. n,

Male. — Head, antennas, and palpi black; collar black,

spotted with yellow ; tegulae black, yellow at the base ; thorax

and abdomen black, the abdomen banded with yellow on each

side; the underside yellow, with a central black line; the

anus reddish yellow; the legs black; secondaries brownish

hyaline, the veins, apex, outer and inner margins black ; a

wide black band crosses the wing beyond the cell from the

costal margin to the outer margin above the anal angle ; a

second black band crosses the wing about the middle : second-

aries yellowish hyaline, the veins, apex, and outer margin

broadly black ; a narrow black band at the end of the cell.

Underside very similar to the upperside, but with a small

red spot at the base of each wing.

Expanse 3 inches.

Hah. South Brazil [Mus. Druce).

A very worn and broken specimen is in the National

Collection.

Pericopis mosera, sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennm, palpi, collar, tegulae, thorax, and

legs black; collar spotted with yellow; abdomen black,

banded on the sides with bluish grey ; the underside pale

302

Mr. H. Druce on

yellow; tlie anal tuft dark yellow. Primaries greyish

liyaline, the costal margin from the base to end of the cell and

a streak on the inner margin from the base almost to the anal

angle reddish brown ; the apex, outer and inner margins

black excepting at the apex; a black band crosses the wing

at the end of the cell from the costal to the outer margin ; the

band is semihyaline black in the middle ; a short, slightly

curved black band crosses the wing about the middle of the

cell ; a marginal row of minute white dots extends from the

apex to the anal angle : secondaries hyaline, shaded with

black above the anal angle ; the costal margin, apex, and

outer margin broadly black ; a black band at the end of the

cell ; a marginal row of white spots extends from the apex to

the anal angle. Underside similar to the upperside; the

primaries with a reddish-brown band at the apex and a

reddish-brown spot about the middle of the outer margin ;

the costal margin of the secondaries reddish brown.

Expanse inches.

Hah. Peru, Pio Colorado, 2500 feet {Watidns & Tom'-

linsorij Mus. Brit.),

Family Cyllopodidse.

Devara hicolorata^ sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennse, collar, tegulse, thorax, legs,and

the abdomen black ; the underside of the abdomen greyish

white. Primaries black, with a large round white spot about

the middle of the wing, some white scales near the base, the

veins black : secondaries black ; the fringes of both wings

black. Underside : primaries, the white spot larger, ex-

tending to the base of the wing ; the apex dark grey, covered

by the black veins : secondaries dark grey, the veins all

black, the outer margin slightly white.

Expanse inch.

Hah. Peru, San Kemon, 3000 feet [Watidns^ Mus, Druce) ;

Polivia, Yungas la Paz [M^is. Brit.).

The specimen from Bolivia is slightly paler in colour on

the underside of the secondaries, but in all other respects it is

identical with the Peruvian specimens. It is allied to

Devara huhona, Druce, from Ecuador.

Devara xanihion^ sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennse, collar, tegulse, thorax, and abdo-

men black, the sides of the abdomen yellow ; legs black.

Primaries black ; a reddish-brown streak extends from the

^03

new Species of Ileterocera,

base almost to the middle of the wing ; a rather large yellowish-

white square-shaped spot close to the costal margin nearest

the apex ; the fringe black : secondaries black, the central

part of the wing reddish brown irrorated with black scales ;

the fringe black. Underside of primaries very similar to the

upperside ; the white spot larger and reaching the costal

margin ; several small yellowish-white streaks at the apex

and a white dot on the outer margin nearest the apex ;

secondaries pale yellowish white, the veins all black, broadly

bordered wdth blackish brown from the apex to the anal

angle, some of the spaces between the veins yellowish white.

Expanse inch.

Hab. S.E. Brazil, Bio Janeiro [Mas. Brit.).

Allied to B. hifenestrata^ Herr.-ScliafF., and D. pallida^

Druce.

Devara trebonia^ sp. n.

Head, antennas, collar, tegulae, thorax, abdomen, and legs

greyish black. Primaries black, the cell semihyaline white ;

a large round yellow spot beyond the cell nearest the apex ;

the fringe black : secondaries white, broadly bordered with

black from the apex to the anal angle. Underside very

similar to the upperside.

Expanse inch.

Hab. Peru, Rio Colorado, 2500 feet ; La Mercede, 3000 feet

[Wathins^ Mas, Bruce) \ San Remon, 3000 feet [Watkins,

Mas. Brit.),

Devara chiliorij sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennse, collar, tegulas, thorax, and upper-

side of the abdomen brownish black ; the underside of the

abdomen and legs greyish white. Primaiies brownish black;

three greyish-white streaks near the base and a white spot

close to the apex ; the veins yellowish brown ; the fringe

black : secondaries wdiite, broadly bordered with black from

the apex to the anal angle; the inner margin dusky white.

The underside very similar to the upperside, but blacker.

Expanse 1-j^- inch.

Hab, Peru, Rio Colorado, 2500 feet (fMus. Bruce).

A specimen of this species is in the National Collection

from the same locality.

Devara don, sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, collar, tegulae, thorax, abdomen,

and legs black ; the underside of the thorax and abdomen

304

Mr. H. Driice on

greyish white. Primaries black, the basal third white j a

white spot close to the apex : secondaries white, broadly

bordered with black I’rom the apex to the anal angle ; the

inner margin black ; fringes of both wings black. Under-

side : ])rimaiies very similar to the ujiperside ; two white

spots close to the apex ; the apex greyish : secondaries

greyish white, the veins black ; a black mark at the apex

and one close to the anal angle, the outer margin irroratecl

with black scales.

Expanse 1 inch.

Hah. Bolivia, Yungas la Paz (dfws. Brit.) j 2 ^ and 1 $

[Mus. Bruce).

Devara picroideSj sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, collar, tegulae, thorax, and abdo-

men above black ; the underside of the thorax and abdomen

greyish white; legs greyish. Primaries black, the basal

half of the wing white, the base irrorated with black scales :

secondaries white, edged with black, broadest at the apex ;

the fringe black. Underside: primaries very similar to the

upperside, excepting that the costal margin and apex are

greyish white : secondaries glossy white, the veins black.

Expanse inch.

Hah. Bolivia, Yungas la Paz [Mas. Brit.).

Devara cressida^ sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, and thorax black ; collar and

tegulm grey ; abdomen black, banded with grey, the under-

side white ; legs black. Primaries black; an elongated spot

at the base whitish hyaline, and a small white spot on the

costal margin near the apex : secondaries creamy white,

broadly bordered witli black from the apex to tlie inner

margin. Underside : primaries very similar to the upperside,

but with the apex greyish, crossed by the black veins and a

small white spot about the middle of the outer margin :

sccondaiies creamy white, the veins all black, the aj)ex and

outer margin clouded greyish black ; a small white spot near

the apex.

Expanse Inch.

Uab. Peru, liio Colorado [WatJeins^ Mas. Brace).

Devara prhtea^ sp. n.

Female. — Head, antenna?, thorax, and upperside of the

abdomen black, tlie underside white ; collar orange ; tegulre

305

new Species of Heterocera.

black, edged with white. Primaries black; a curved hyaline

white band extends from the base to the end of the cell ; the

inner margin from the base to about the middle greyish ; a

round white spot near the apex : secondaries white, broadly

bordered with black from the apex to the anal angle. Under-

side very similar to the upperside, but not so black ; the outer

margin of the secondaries lias an indistinct greyish-white line

on the black border which extends from the apex to the anal

angle ; the fringes of both wings black.

Expanse inch.

Hab. Peru, La Mecede, 2000-3000 feet {Watkins^ Mas,

Dr ace) .

JSelo cosyra, sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, collar, tegulae, thorax, abdomen,

and legs brownish black. Primaries brownish black, the

costal margin from the base almost to the apex orange-red;

a wide orange-red band crosses the centre of the wing from

the costal margin to the anal angle; the fringe dark brown :

secondaries brownish black. Underside: primaries very

similar to the upperside ; secondaries pale brown, the veins all

black.

Expanse inch.

Hub.- Peru, San Remon, 2000-3000 feet ( Wathins')^ 10 S

{Mus. Druce), 1 S [Mas, BriL).

Allied to Nelo coccienatay Walk.

Nelo creteSy sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, collar, tegulae, thorax, abdomen,

and legs black, the underside of the abdomen reddish. Pri-

maries black, with a white spot shaded with blue beyond the

cell nearest the outer margin : secondaries black; the fringes

of both wings black. Underside : primaries very similar to

the upperside, the white spot more distinct, the apex and half

of the outer margin red : secondaries red, the veins black.

Expanse IJ inch.

Hab. Peru, Rio Colorado, 2500 feet; La Mercede, 2000 feet

[Watkins j Mas. Druce)^ IS S : ^ S [Mus. Brit.).

Nelo dolopiay sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, collar, tegulse, thorax, abdomen,

and legs dark brown. Primaries dark brown, crossed about

the middle by a wide red band, which is straight on the inner

side and much curved on the outer side : secondaries dark

306

Mr. II. Druce on

brown. Underside very similar to the upperside, but much

paler brown, the veins black.

Expanse inch.

Ilah. Bolivia, La Paz {Garlepp, Mas, Druce)] Peru,

Oroya, 1000 feet {Mas. Brit.),

Nelo cunaxa^ sp. n.

Male, — Head, antennae, collar, tegulae, thorax, abdomen,

and legs brownish black. Primaries brownish black, with a

large orange-red spot extending from the costal margin

nearest the apex to the anal angle ; secondaries dark brown ;

the fringe of both wings dark brown. Underside : primaries

similar to the upperside, but paler in colour, the orange-red

spot edged with white on the costal margin : secondaries pale

brown, the veins black ; a white streak on the costal margin

just above the apex.

Expanse 1;^ inch.

Ilah. Peru, Bio Colorado, La Mercede, 2000-3000 feet,

5 S (J^Ius, Druce),

Nelo cypharUj sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, collar, thorax, abdomen, and legs

black. Primaries deep blue-black, with a large, almost round,

orange-red spot beyond the cell : secondaries deep blue-black.

Underside very similar to the upperside, excepting that the

costal margin, apex, and outer margin are pale brown :

secondaries brown, greyish round the outer margin, the veins

all black.

Expanse If inch.

Ilah, North Peru, Huancabamba, 6000-10,000 feet ;

Pozuzo, 5000-10,000 feet [Native Collector) ; Bio Colorado,

2500 feet ( Watkins)^^ 16 S [Mas, Druce),

A specimen of this species is in the National Collection

from Peru.

Nelo donuca^ sp. n.

Male, — Head, antennse, collar, tegulae, thorax, abdomen,

and legs black. Primaries and secondaries black, primaries

slightly glossed with dull blue near the apex. Underside of

both wings black.

Expanse IJ inch.

Hab, Peru, Pozuzo, 5000-10,000 feet (Native Collector^

Mas. Druce),

Allied to Nelo philodamea^ Druce, but very distinct.

new Species of lleterocera.

307

Sangala cydrara, sp. n.

Male. — Head, collar, teo'ulie, thorax, and abdomen black,

the point of the .tegulm red. Primaries dark brown, with a

large central red patch that does not reach either the costal

or inner margin : secondaries dark brown. Underside: pri-

maries pale brown, the veins black ; the red spot smaller than

above : secondaries pale brown, a red spot at the base, the

veins black.

Expanse IJ- inch.

Hab. Bolivia, Yungas la Paz [Mas, Brit.').

Sangala anasa^ sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, collar, tegalse, thorax, abdomen,

and legs black. Primaries bright glossy dark blue : second-

aries dark brownish black, in some lights slightly glossed

with blue. Underside ; both wings pale brown, the veins

black.

Expanse If inch.

Hah. Peru, La Mercede, 2000-3000 feet [WathinSj Mas.

Druce) ,

Allied to Sangala antiphates, Druce, but very distinct on

the underside.

Sangala marpesia^ sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, collar, tegulas, thorax, abdomen,

and legs black, the sides of the abdomen streaked with red

and yellow. Primaries dark brown, with a large central

reddish-orange spot crossing the wing from the costal margin

nearly to the inner margin ; the fringe dark brown : second-

aries dark brown. Underside : primaries pale brown, the

veins black, the costal margin from the base to the end of the

cell red ; a red spot at the end of the cell : secondaries pale

brown, the veins black ; a small red spot at the base and two

large white spots close to the apex.

Expanse 1 j inch.

Hob. Bolivia, La Paz [Qarlepp^ Mas. Druce),

Sangala cynara^ sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennse, collar, thorax, upperside of abdo-

men, and legs all black, underside of abdomen reddish brown.

Primaries dark brown, with a large red spot at the end of

the cell ; the wing is glossed with bright blue from the base

almost to the outer margin ; the red spot varies greatly in

308

Mr. H. Druce on

size in the eight specimens before me : secondaries dark

brown, in some specimens the wing is slightly glossed with

blue on the outer margin. Underside : primaries pale brown,

the veins black ; an orange-red, rather wide streak at the end

of the cell : secondaries pale brown, greyish brown at the

apex, the veins black.

Expanse IJ ineh.

11 ah, Peru, Upper Rio Toro {Mas. Dr ace).

In some specimens the red spot on the underside of the

primaries is entirely wanting. This species is allied to

Sangala antipJiateSy Druce.

Taraxineura quadripuncta, sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, tegulae, thorax, abdomen, and legs

black; collar orange-yellow ; anal tuft yellow. Primaries

black, a large square white spot at the end of cell ; fringe

black : secondaries black, a small white round spot at the end

of the cell. Underside similar to the upperside.

Expanse inch.

Hah, British Guiana, Roraima [WMtehj) ] Paramaribo

(U. W. Ellacoinhe, Mas. Druce)^ 2 (^ , 1 $; Potaro River

((7. B. Roberts j Mas. Brit,)^ 1 J.

Family Dioptidae.

Lauron halizoaj sp. n.

Female. — Head, antennae, and thorax black ; tegulae orange-

red ; abdomen brownish black, with a greyish-white line on

each side ; legs brownish black. Primaries reddish orange,

semihyaline near the base, the veins mostly black ; a band of

five white spots crosses the wing near the apex from the costal

to the outer margin ; the fourth and fifth spots are quite

small: secondaries semihyaline brownish black; the under-

side of both wings brownish black; the costal margin of the

prirnaiics reddish orange.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hah. Jamaica {Mus. Brit.).

Dioiitis quiriteSj sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, collar, tegulae, thorax, abdomen,

and legs black ; the front of the head and underside of the

thorax and abdomen white. Primaries hyaline, the veins

black, the apex and outer margin broadly black ; a semi-

hyaline white band partly crosses the wing near the apex,

new Species of FTeterocera. 301)

but does not reach the outer margin ; a round semihyaline

white spot at the anal angle : secondaries hyaline, the veins

black ; the costal margin, apex, and outer margin black ; a

submarginal pale yellow line edged with black on the inner

side extends from the aj)ex to the anal angle. The under-

side very similar to the upperside.

Expanse IJ inch.

Hah, Colombia, Bogota [Mus. Brit.).

From the Crowley Collection. Allied to Dioptis Trailii^

Butler, and Dioptis cheledonis^ Druce.

Dioptis albifasciata.^ sp. n.

Male. — Head, antennae, collar, tegulai, thorax, abdomen,

and legs black; underside o£ the abdomen white. Primaries

hyaline, the veins black; a black line crosses the wing

beyond the cell from the costal margin to the anal angle,

beyond which a wide white Ijand crosses from the costal to

the outer margin ; the apex and outer margin broadly black :

secondaries hyaline, the veins, costal and outer margins

black. The underside very similar to the upperside.

Expanse inch.

Ilab, Peru, La Mercede, 2000-3000 feet [Watkins.^ Mas.'

Druce).

Loclia hermeSj sp. n.

Female. — Head, antennae, collar, tegulae, thorax, abdomen,

and legs black. Primaries hyaline, the veins all black; the

costal margin, apex, outer and inner margins black; a black

band crosses the wing at the end of the cell from the costal

to the outer margin ; a small orange-red spot at the base of

the wing : secondaries hyaline, the veins, costal and outer

margins black. The underside the same as the upperside.

Expanse inch.

llah. Colombia [Mus. Brit.).

Allied to Loclia hyalina^ Walk.

Phanoptis taxila^ sp. n.

Female. — Head, antennae, collar, thorax, abdomen, and

legs black ; tegulae black, with a white spot at the base.

Primaries hyaline, the costal margin, apex, outer and inner

margins, and a wide band crossing the wing beyond the cell

all black glossed with brilliant blue : secondaries liyaline, the

costal margin, apex, and outer margin and veins black glossed

Ann. (F Mag. N. Hist. Scr. 7. Vol. xix. 22

310

On new Species of TIeterocera.

wltli brilliant blue. Underside similar to the upperside, but

not so much glossed with blue.

Expanse 1| inch.

llah. Colombia, Bogota {Mus Brit.).

From the Crowley Collection.

FJianoptis Ipdia^ sp. n.

Female. — Head, antennae, and tegulse black; collar bright

red; thorax and abdomen bright blue, abdomen with a white

central line, underside of the abdomen white. Primaries

hyaline, the veins, costal margin, apex, outer and inner

margins, and a band crossing the wing beyond the cell all

black glossed with brilliant blue: secondaries hyaline, the

veins and margins black glossed with brilliant blue ; the

fringe of the secondaries white. Underside very similar to

the upperside, but without the blue gloss.

Expanse 2 inches.

llab. Peru, La Mercede, 2000-3000 feet [Watkins, M us.

Druce) .

Allied to Bhanoptis cyanomelas, Felder.

Family Erateininae.

Eratina amazonia, sp. n.

Female. — Head, thorax, and abdomen black; collar white;

abdomen banded with white above, the underside white; legs

black, while on the underside. Primaries pale greyish brown

from the base to about the middle ; the apical half black,

crossed from the costal margin almost to the anal angle by a

yellowish-white band : secondaries greyish brown, the outer

margin broadly black; a submarginal row of yellowish-white

spots extends from near the apex to the anal angle; a red

spot at the anal angle ; the fringe alternately black and

white. Underside : primaries similar to the upperside, but

redder and with a submarginal white band from the costal

margin near the apex to the anal angle ; secondaries white,

streaked with yellow and red bands, the outer margin reddish

brown.

Expanse inch.

Uab. Amazons, Banos [Mas. Brit.).

Eratina Garlep>2ji^ sp. n.

Male. — Head, antenna}, collar, tegulcC, thorax, and upper-

side of the abdomen black, underside of the abdomen white.

Primaries black, with white streaks from the base, the inner

811

Oyi new Species of Plistericlic.

margin white ; a wide semihyaline white band crossing the

wing about the middle, but not reaching either margin ; a

second small band near the apex ; the fringe black ; the

semihjuxline bands are glossed with dark blue : secondaries

black, the central part of the wing bluish hyaline white ; the

fringe alternately white and black. Underside of both wings

very similar to the upperside, but the black parts reddish in

tint.

Expanse l-J inch.

Ilab, Bolivia, Yungas la Paz i^Gavlepp)^ 3 $ {flm,

Dnice).

A specimen in the National Collection from the same

localitj\

Erathia albonulataj sp. n.

Female. — Head, antennae, tegulse, thorax, and abdomen

above black ; collar and underside of the abdomen pale

yellow, abdomen banded with white on the upperside. Pri-

maries black, slightly greyish at the base; a large oval-

shaped white spot about the middle of the wing : secondaries

black. Underside : primaries, the base streaked with yellow

and white, the wdiite spot as above, but extending to the costal

margin ; a submarginal line of bright yellow spots from near

the apex almost to the anal angle: secondaries pale yellowish

w’hite, the veins yellow, and a submarginal yellow line; the

apex reddish.

Expanse inch.

Uab. Bolivia, Yungas la Paz {^Garlepp^ Mas. J)ruce) ; one

specimen {Mas. Brit.).

XXXVIT. — On new Species of Histeridie J Notices of

others. By Gr. Lewis, F.L.S.

This is the thirtieth paper of this series.

In the last few years certain Histeridae have been found iti

India which show in a marked degree a connexion between

the fauna of our eastern possessions and that of Japan.

Mr. E. P. Stebbing has found Niponius canalicollis Lew.,

on the mountain ot Siiinghun, in the northern part of Zhob

in Baluchistan, at an elevation of 7500 feet; it w^as found

feeding on a species of Polygraphus which infests the Hima-

layan pine, Finns Gerardiana. The locality is of interest,

as it is probably the western geographical limit of Niponius,

312

Mr. G. Lewis on

as Japan is of its eastern boundary. The best time for

searching for the speeies is June and early in July; they are

diurnal, and occur in the higher regions of large forests. I

found the species in Japan chiefly on deciduous trees, elm,

oak, and celtis, and they seemed to feed on various sub-

cortical and wood-boring Coleoptera. It is likely that tliere

are unrecognized species in collections, as one from Borneo

remained in the Pascoe collection for many years until

detected by Mr. Arrow.

Species of two other peculiar genera have been recently

discovered in the Nilgiri Hills by Mr. H. L. Andrewes which

have a like distribution from Japan in the east to India in

the west, viz. Try'peticus and Pachylomahis, and in botli

instances the species are very similar to each other. Histei'

punctulatuSj Wiedem., one of the most curious species in the

family, occurs in Bengal, and I have found it in China and

Japan ; the species should now be placed in Zahromorphus,

as it has longitudinal antennal fossas.

It is by the peculiar genera and species of a family that the

connecting-links in a fauna are principally shown, not by the

ordinary genera, such as TIister and Saprinus, which are

world-spread.

List of Species.

ITololepta sci&sonia, Mars, (maiira,

Leiv.).

Trypan£ens thoracicus, F.

torpedo, Lew.

Caiupylorhahdus Poop-ei^ Har.

Teinotarsus latipes, Lew.

Ilister oyassas.

Silantjevi, Shir.

Carciiiops arqnatus.

Paro mains, Erich son.

Isolomaliis, pen. nov.

elongatus.

Tsolomalus truncatus.

Microloinalus, gen. nov.

Discoscelis argentine.

Abneus orientalis.

Sapriinis caesopygus, Mars.

Euspilotus, gen. nov.

zonalis.

flavopictns, Letu.

■ decoratns, Er.

bisignatns, Er.

Gnatlioncns brevisternns.

Ilololepta maura.^ Lew., 1885, = //. scissoma, Mars., I860.

In 1885 1 knew' //. scissoma by description only. //. maura,

Lew., is a variety in which the first dorsal stria is interrupted

in the middle; in more than fifty examples I have since seen

the first dorsal stria is complete, as shown in Marseul’s figure

(pi. xi. fig. 10, Monograph, 18G0).

Trypanaais thoracicus, F., and T. torpedo., Lew.

The females of these species are very similar to each other,

313

new Species of Ilisterida3.

except that the latter is more robust and tlie lateral thoracic

stria is conspicuously stronger ; but the male of torpedo has a

rostrum which has a protuberance on either side, and in this

respect agrees with the males of T, carincerostris, noxiusj

nasicornis, and volvulus^ Mars. Two figures are given to

show the differences of the outlines of the rostrum.

Fig. 1. Fig. 2.

Trypanceus thoracicus, F. Trypanmis torpedo, Lew.

Campyloriiabdus, Schmidt, 1889.

Teinotarsus Poggei, Har., is undoubtedly congeneric with

CampyJorhahdus singularis, Sch. There is a very great

resemblance in the sculpture and form of the sterna and in

the peculiar dorsal strife of both species.

Teinotarsus latipeSy Lew., 1904.

I give a figure of this species, drawn from the type example

in the British Museum.

Fig. 3.

Ulster nyasscBj sp. n.

Breviter ovalis, convexus, iiiger, nitidus ; fronte biimpressa, stria

recta ; pronoto lateribus impiinctato, marginato et bistriato ;

elytris sfriis 1-3 et subliumerali integris, 4 basi evanescenti, 5

Mr. G. Lewis on

?>U

a])icali, suiurali utrinque abbreviata ; propygidio pygidioque

densissime puiictatis ; prosterno aiigust-ato baud striato ; meso-

steriio truncate, margiiiato ; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

L. mill.

This species is extremely similar to II. Marshalli, Lew.,

from Mashonalancl, but it is a little larger, rather less convex,

and somewhat more oval. The thorax is smooth laterally,

not conspicuously punctate, and the pygidiaare more densely

punctured. In Mar.skalli there is a short basal outer humeral

stria which is wanting in 7iyassce, but in both species the

niesosternum is truncate and has a fine marginal stria, and

the anterior tibia? are tridentate, with the apical tooth very

robust.

Ulster ceneus.^ angoniensis, africanus^ and sulcipijgus^ Lew.,

with afevj Payk., may be associated with the above, as they

all have a truncate niesosternum and a complete subhurneral

stria ; the thoracic stria? and the form of the anterior tibiae

are also similar.

Ilab. Nyassaland, Central Africa.

I give the following description for convenient reference: —

Ulster Silantjevij Shirjajev. E,ev. Russed’Ent. iii.

p. 16 (1903).

Corps ovalaire, assez convexe, luisant, antennes noires.

Stria frontale a peine sinuee. Pronotum a bords lateraux

renhes, avec une strie laterale unique, non parallble an bord

mais s’en rapprochant davantage en avant qu’en arribre;

dessus ponctue contre la strie laterale (interieurement) .

Elytres avec une strie subhumerale entibre et fortement

arquee, a sa base, vers I’interieur ; epaules avec une striole

oblique, bien distincte, reliant la partie basilaire de la strie

subhumerale au bord del’elytre; stries dorsales 1—3 entibres,

la 4® excedant legbrement le milieu des elytres, la 5® n’atteig-

nant jias leur tiers, la b® egale a la 4®. Epipleures ponctues

assez lortement. Propygidium ponctue un peu rnoins dense-

ment et un peu ])lus grossierement que le pygidiurn. Tibias

rougeatres, les anterieurs munis de cinq dents dont la derniere

est simple et assez aigue.

“ Long. mill.

“ Cette espbee est notamment voisine de II. marginatus^ Er.,

mais la strie laterale du pronotum n’atteint pas son bord

})Oslerieur, la base des elytres n^offre aucun vestige d’une 5

slide dorsale et les tibias antbricurs n’ont que 5 dents h Icur

315

nem Species of Ilistericla3.

bord externe. Elle se rapproclic egalement de II, carbon-

ariuSj HofFni., mais le proiiotum est ponctue cotitre la strie

laterale, interieureinent, etc.

“ Uii specimen ^ de cette interessante espbce dans le

district de Starobielsk, gouv. de Kharkov."”

Carcinops arquatus, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexiis, iiiger, nitidus ; fronte stria Integra ; pronoto

piinctato, punctis ssepe conflaentibus ; elytris striis subhumerali,

1-5 dorsalibus integris, 5 pone scutellum, conspicue incurvatis,

suturali parte tuberculiformis ; mesosterno antice leviter sinuato,

stria marginali late interrupta; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

L. 1| mill.

Oval, convex, blacky and shining ; the head, frontal stria

complete, punctulation rather sparse and interspaces with

microscopic points ; the thorax, marginal stria complete and

finely crenellate behind the head, punctured somewhat like

the head, but the points are more distinct and many are

confluent, along the basal edge there is a row of punctures ;

the elytra, strite, inner humeral fine and complete, 1-3 are

complete, 4 crenellate on the apical half and bent inwards at

tlie base, 5 apical half crenellate, rather widening out before

the middle and bending to the suture at the base. The fifth

striae appear to meet at the suture and togetiier form a com-

plete arch. The sutural stria is composed of three small

dorsal tubercles, with one point anterior to them, and in their

line are some apical points; the propygidium is transversely

punctured in the middle ; the pygidiuin is irregularly and

sparingly punctate ; the prosternum, lobe punctate and

marginate, keel smooth, stria joined anteriorly and sinuous at

the sides ; the mesosternum is feebly sinuous and the marginal

stria widely interrupted, closely behind the anterior edge

there is an arched stria which continues in a parallel line

along the sides to the base of the metasternum, and there is

no visible suture between the sterna ; the anterior tibiu3 are

feebly 3-dentate.

This species resembles G, striatisternus^ Lew., in that the

meso- and metasterna are connate and in the remarkable

lateral stria which is common to both.

Hab. Nilgiri Hills [H. L. Andrewes).

“ Found in a nest of a harvesting-ant, Pheidologiton

diversus, in a decaying Ficus on the Barwood Estate, altitude

3500 feet.”

kSIx examples ; Paussidse and other Coleoptera have been

found with the same ant.

31G

]\Ir. G. Lewis on

Paromalus, Eilclison, Jalirb. p. 107 (1834),

Type^ comylanatus^ Panz.

After founding the two new genera, as below, tlie species

now remaining in this genus are: — acistrigus^ biai-calus, clavis^

des'pectuSj evanescens^ Forestieri^ honoratus^ keicoluy khongiuSy

miliariSy musicus, oceanitisj RoherU\ aculptipygus^ ttibodwy

uwbiUcatiiSj Victorice^ vittula. Mars.; cequalis^ Say ; AUuaudiy

derasuSy lenticula, Modiglianiiy Schultheissi, Sch.; amelias ^

hrevipeSy commeatusy Fe<ey fugisanus, goliath, indicas, locellas,

loiigicornisy mendteaSy montivaejusy niponensis, oblisus, per-

siihilisy submetallicus, tardipeSy vermicidatuSy viaticuSy Lew. ;

ceglanicus, Motsch. ; complanatus, Panz. ; digitatuSy Woll. ;

exlgnuSyVhXw. ; LudoviciySauciuSy terroi-reginoi, \iW.\javanuSy

liedt.

The prosternum of P. complanatus and all the above are

marginate (see fig. 4, p. 318).

In my Catalogue of 1305 not more thati 100 species of

l\iromalus were given, but the number of species yet

uudescribed in collections is considerabhu

ISOLOMALUS, gen. nov.

Type, verminosusy Lew.

Body more or less convex ; outline varying considerably,

being sometimes elongate-oblong or sometimes shortly oval;

dorsum with a sutural stria, abbreviated anteriorly ; the pro-

sternum, anterior lobe somewhat short, keel narrowed before

the coxoe, without stria3, and semicircular at the basal edge

(see fig. 5) ; the mesosternum is wide posteriorly.

Tlie other species are : — addendusy irregularisy Sch.; bi-

ductus, bilineatusy causticusy concentricusycordgpggus, didgmus,

harioluSy hispaniolce, ir>Jimus, inunctuSy Luderiiy malusy ocuh-

qyygiiSy productusy rugigeniuSy trifoliumy Mars. ; bistriatusy

seminuhimy Erich. ; com plexus y mancuSy JissuSy jejuna Sy

notabilisy orbusy pupiltnSy rogalisy selectus, similisy sincerusy

sobrmasy verminosus. Lew.; and dijjicHisy Horn.

There are four species in which the sutural stria is obsolete

or wanting, but the general form of tlie body is the same,

-\VL. cunvexusy Mars. ; divaricatiiSy injiatuSy and sulcatuSy Lew.

The figure of the last species ( Biol. Ceiit.-Ainer., Col. vol. ii.

pt. 1, tab. vi. fig. 7) shows that it has a trace of a sutural

stria.

y. Ludertiy Mars., has made a settlement along the borders ’

of the Mediterranean, having doubtless been introduced with

Opuntia largely grown there.

neic Species of IIistci ida3.

317

Isolornalus elongafus, sp. n.

Elong-atus,parallelus, 8ubdeprcssiis,niger, niridiis, undique punctahis ;

froiite plana, punctulata ; mesosterno antice hand margiriato ;

pygidio postice margine elevato, antice vermiculato ; tibiis anticis

5-dentatis.

L. 2|-2| mill.

Elongate, parallel at the sideSj somewhat depressed, black

and shining ; the head clearly punctured, stria complete ;

the thorax, marginal stria obsolete behind the neck, lateral

punctures somewhat oblong and well marked, punctures on

the disc resemble those of the liead, but they are evanescent

behind the neck ; the elytra are more distinctly punctured

than the thorax, but on the same plan, largest latterly, finer

on the dorsum, with the sutural margin smooth, sutural stria

fine and reaching just beyond the middle; the propygidium

is flat and very distinctly punctate ; the pygidium S has a

raised rim with a crescent sulcus within it, the disc is

irregularly not finely vermiculate ; the prosternum, lobe

slightly punctured and with the keel microscopically strigose ;

the mesosternum is deeply margined at the sides only, with

two fine detached striee at the suture formed like inverted V’s ;

the pygidium ? is densely punctulate ; the anterior tibiai

5- dentate.

llah. Para and Santarem, Amazon River {II. IT. Smith).

Isolornalus truncatus^ sp. n.

Parum clongatus, parallelus, depressus, niger, riitidus; stria froiitali

Integra ; elytris apicibus anguste imj)iiuctatis ; propygidio disco

conspicue jmuctato ; prosterrio baud striato ; mesosterno stria

sLiturali interrupt a et biarcuata.

L. 21 mill.

Rather long, parallel, depressed, black and shining ; the

head clearly and rather closely punctured, frontal stria com-

plete ; the thorax punctured, finely strigose laterally, marginal

stria complete, disc finely punctulate; the elytra, sutural

stria abbreviated before the middle, sutural margin smooth,

surface punctate and feebly strigose longitudinally, apical

margin smooth ; the propygidium, disc conspicuously punc-

tate, outer margin smooth ; the pygidium, S apex obtusely

triangular and punctured, base deeply, irregularly, and

unevenly sculptured, $ unknown ; the prosternum, anterior

lobe rather coarsely punctured, keel more finely pointed and

without striai ; the mesosternum immarginate anteriorly,

laterally. there is a well-marked stria, the sutural or transverse

318

Mr. G. Lewis on

stria consists of two sliort, detached, bent striie; the meta-

sternum is laterally widely and microscopically strigose, with

a shallow rugose sculpture ; the anterior tibise are 4-5-

denticulate.

ddie form of the meso-metasternal transverse stria connects

this species with 7. elongatas.

Ilab. Serra de Comrnunaty, Pernambuco (^Gounelle).

MiCROLOMALUS, gen. nov.

This genus is established to receive species hitherto

included in Paromalus. The body is somewhat cylindrical

and elongate, but not much depressed as in the type of the

genus Paromalus [complanatuSj Panz.), and the form of the

}jrosternum is on a different plan. The prosternum is with-

out stripe and the keel is narrowed anteriorly and not much

flattened out, the metasternum throughout its length is

relatively more narrow, see tig. 6.

The species are jiavicornis^ 'parallelepipeduSy Herbst ;

omineus^ Lew.; j^/aw,E-eit.; soul pti pectus^ Mars.; and

simplicisternus, Sch. M. sculpti pectus^ from Java, I only

know by description ; the other species are from the north-

temperate zone of the Old World.

Fig’. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6.

AAA.

Fig. 4. — Faromalus complcmatus, Panz.

Fig. 5. — Isolomalus verniinosufi, Lew.

Fig. 6. — Microlomalus Jiavicornis, Herbst.

Discoscelis argentince, sp. n.

Late ovata, convexa, nigra, nitida ; fronto cum clypeo marginata ;

prouoto stria marginal! antice recta, disco oblique striato ; elytris

striis subhumerali et dorsalibus 1-2 integris ; pygidio apice

longitudinal! sulcato ; tibiis anticis emargiuatis.

L. 3| mill.

Broadly oval, convex above, black and shining ; the head

slightly impressed anteriorly, faintly and irregularly strigose,

lateral stria elevated and continued round the clypeus, which

has a widely sinuous edge; the thorax, anterior angles

obtuse and slightly explanate, marginal stria fine and con-

tinued behind the head, where it is markedly straight, at the

319

new Species (?/Histerida3.

base, in a line with the second dorsal stria, there is a fine

oblique stria bent inwards at the basal edge and in length

about one third of that of the thorax ; the elytra, the inner

humeral stria is complete and carinate in tlie basal half,

1 dorsal fine and complete and incurved at the apex, 2 com-

plete and similarly fine and turns inwards at the base, 3 is

very short basal and hamate, between the third stria and the

suture along the base is a very fine widely arched stria, which

apparently represents the fourth and sutural striae, there is no

fifth stria, but there is a very fine stria round the apical

margin which continues partly along the suture ; the surfaces

of the pygidia are scantily and microscopically punctulate,

the propygidium is margined anteriorly with a fine stria,

and the pygidium at its apex has a series of longitudinal

grooves, about 24 in all, these constitute a well-marked

character and may be sexual ; the prosternum, the stride are

didymous and widen out behind the coxa3 and in front the

two parts of each stria join ; the mesosternum has a marginal

stria along its edge and beliind it there is a transverse stria

which is sinuous in the middle ; the tibiae are disciform, the

anterior pair are minutely serrate on the outer edge and

markedly emarginate on the inner edge at the tarsal end.

D. arechavaletce^ Mars., is similar but larger, and has a third

dorsal stria and the 4-6 very short and apical. The oblique

thoracic strim resemble those of Renimus meticulosus^ Lew.,

and if more species of Discoscelis and Renimus are at any

time detected the genera may require revision.

llah. Tucuman, Argentina.

AhrcEus orientalis^ sp. n.

Suborbicularis, convexus, piceus, opaciis, ruguloso-punctatus, supra

setulis erectis fiavescentibus ; prosterno basi coiispicue pimctato;

mesosterno stria marginali late interrupta ; mesosteruo meta-

sternoque subocellato-punctatis ; tibiis obscure rufo-brunneis.

L. 1| mill.

Circular in outline, convex, rugosely punctured and setu-

lose above ; the head slightly impressed anteriorly ; the pro-

sternum straight at the base, narrowly marginate anteriorly,

with an extremely fine stria behind the marginal stria, across

the middle there is a feeble ridge and behind the ridge the

punctures are very distinct and arranged in two rows, anterior

to the ridge the punctures are irregular and inconspicuous,

basal margin narrowly smooth not striate ; the mesosternum,

marginal stria widely interrupted and the punctures, which

are similar to those of the metasternum, are in two irregular

820

Mr. G. Lewis on

rows; the nietasterniim, suture straight and rather coarsely

crenellate, the crenellations numbering about twelve, the

punctures are deep, circular, very evenly placed, somewhat

ocellate and closely but not densely set ; the legs are obscurely

reddish brown.

This is the fifth species known from India ; it is of ster-

coraceous habits.

Ilah. Nilgiri Hills (//. L, Andrewes).

Soprinus ccesopygus^ Mars.

I have received examples of this species from Tucuman,

Argentina; there is therefore no longer any doubt as to its

being a native of S. America. S. pygidialis^ Lew., is a

similar species, and in both the curious form of the pygidium

is a masculine character only.

EuSPILOTUS, gen. nov.

Body oval, shining, metallic ; head without a definite

frontal stria ; thorax transverse; elytra maculate, sutural stria

with an arcuate basal extension ; prosternum, keel narrow,

bistriate, with a strong and straight carina on either side, as

shown in fig. 7 ; mesosternum widely sinuous and the

margin interrupted ; anterior tibise multidenticulate.

The species to be included are Saprinus hisignatus^ de-

coratus^ lepidus, Er.; crenatipes, Sober; Mars. ;

dichrousj jiavopictusj Icesits, and zonalis (type). Lew.

The elytral markings of Saprinus interru2)ius, Pajk., a

Central Asian species, are remarkably similar to decoratus, and

1 give a figure of the prosternum to show that the species

are structurally very different.

Euspilotiis zonalis, Lew. Saprinus viterniptus, ILyk.

Euspilotus zonalis^ sp. n.

Ovutus, jeneus, nitidus ; fronte dense punctata; pronoto ciliato,

lateribus late rugoso-punctatis ; clytris macula flava lata, striis

1-2 brevissiniis, suturali Integra basi arcuata, cooteris iiullis ;

mesosterno stria marginali interrupta ; tibiis anticis mulL-

denticulatis.

L. 3|-I mill.

321

new Species of Ilistci'icla3.

Oval, brassy and sinning ; the head densely punctate,

stria obsolete ; the thorax broadly rngose-piinctate hiterally,

and narrowly at the base, smooth behind the head anfl on the

disc, lateral edge with flavons hair; the elytra, humeral

angle smooth, striae 1-2 basal and very short, interstices

strigose, sutural stria complete with an arcuate basal extension,

the other striae are wanting, the flavous band has a lob^-

shaped outline on the sutural disc and extends to the outer

margin, anteriorly it is obtusely pointed on the inner side of

the second stria (see fig. 9) ; the pygidium is somewhat closely

but not densely punctate ; the prosternum bistriate ; the

niesosternum evenly not closely punctured, with the marginal

stria interrupted in the middle ; the anterior tibiae have

12-13 small teeth.

This species differs from E. flavop ictus, Lew., in the thorac'c

band of punctures not continuing behind the head ; in the

form of the flavous band it is most similar to hisignatus, Er.

Hab, Chubut, Patagonia. Many examples.

As the elytral markings are fairly constant in these species

1 give outlines of the patterns oi E.zonaUs (tig. jlavopictus

(fig. 10), Lew., decoratus(f\g. 11) and hisignatus (fig. 12), Er.,

as an aid to their identification.

Fig. 9. Fig. 10, Fig. 11. Fig. 12.

GnafJionciis hrevisternus, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexiusculus, nitidns ; fronte parum convexa, parco

punctulata ; elytris striis 1-4 dorsalibus dimidiatis, 4 })asi

crenata ad suturam continuata ; prosterno striis brevibiis antice

obtuse coeimtibus.

L. 2| mill.

Oval, rather convex, black and shining; the head, forehead

slightly convex, almost smooth, punctures being fine and

sparse; the thorax clearly punctured laterally, punctures

niuch finer on the disc, stria interrupted anteriorly, scutellar

fovea well-marked; the elytra, striae 1-4 dimidiate, iriner

stri^ gradually shorter, 4 continues along the base to the

suture as a crenellate stria, sutural wanting; the pygidia

finely and evenly not densely punctulate ; the prosteinum,

322

]\Ir. A. S. Hirst on a

striae are very distinctly sliorter and wider npart than those

of G . na7inetensis, Mars., and rotandatus^ Kiigel, and meet

more obtusely in front.

Except for the characters given above this species is similar

to 7'otundatus.

I Jab. Yunnan.

XXXVIII. — On a neio Species r>/ Karschia Tibet.

I3y A. S. Hirst.

Karschia tibetana^ sp. n.

S . — Colour. Cephalic and thoracic segments pale yellow,

the cephalic plate being tinged with brown in the anterior

and lateral parts ; ocular tubercle dark. Abdomen greyish

white ; the tergal plates black ; ventral surface of this part of

the body marked laterally with a longitudinal series of dark

spots. Dorsal surface of mandible ornamented with three

dark longitudinal stripes ; tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus of

])alp, together with tl.e corresponding segments of the fourth

leg, infuscate dorsally, the remaining segments of these

appendages and the other legs being light yellow in colour or

but little darkened.

Mandible. Edge of upper finger of mandible with thirteen

teeth; the first, tliird, fourth, sixth, seventh, ninth, tenth, and

eleventh from the anterior end being of rather large size, the

others small. Lower finger bearing five teeth, of which the

posterior three are minute.

The two main bristles of the inner side of the mandible are

long, slender, and provided throughout the greater part of

their length with a ventral row of minute hairs, which are

absent from the basal part (fig. 2).

Flagellum long and spiral, retained in position by a hook

or thorn placed above it and by a long whip-like seta below ;

a small spine present on the lower surface towards the

terminal portion, which is long and very slender ; otherwise

the flagellum is smooth (fig. 2).

Palp. Tarsus and metatarsus of palp furnished below with

long and slender thorns, which are six in number in the case

of the tarsus. Metatarsus on the inner side with many

minute tufted hairs.

Abdomen. Third abdominal segment with many (over

twenty on each side) setae arranged in several irregular rows

towards the hinder edge of the ventral surface. Posterior

323

new Species of from Tibet,

margin of fourth abdominal segment with a single row of

nineteen long and slender setae.

Ocular tubercle beset anteriorly with numerous bristles,

several of which are of fairly great length, the chief of these

being a pair of diverging and upwardly directed bristles,

situated near the summit of the tubercle.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 . — Left mandible of $ from the outside.

Fig. 2. — Eight mandible of (S from the inside.

Measurements in mm. Length of mandible (finger incl.)

5*25, of palp 24-5, of first leg 18*5, of second leg 15, of third

leg 20, of fourth leg 30, of cephalic plate 2*5 ; total length

(mandible incl.) about 19; breadth of mandible (at base) 2,

of cephalic plate 4.

? . — Mandible. Teeth of upper finger of mandible fifteen

in number, the fourth and eighth from the anterior end beino-

of large size; first, third, seventh, and tenth fairly large”;

second, sixth, and ninth small, and the fifth granular; the

324

Mr. G. A. Boulanger on

row of teetli divides after the tenth into two branches, an

outer of two and an inner of tliree denticles. Lower finger

of mandible provided with two teeth of large size, the first of

which is preceded b)^ three or four small denticles, the two

large teeth being separated from one another by three teeth,

of which the median one is minute ; posterior enlarged tooth

followed by three small teeth (fig. 1).

Abdomen. Ventral surface of fourth abdominal segment

furnished posteriorly with a fringe of nineteen long set^e.

Palp. Tarsus and metatarsus of palp provided with a few

long hairs ; thorns absent.

Size. The female is of much larger size than the male,

which has appendages of greater length.

Measurements in mm. Length of mandible (finger inch) 7,

of palp 21’5, of first leg 16’7e5, of second leg 13‘75, of third

leg 18, of fourth leg 24*5, of cephalic plate 3*5 ; total

length 24 ; breadth of mandible (at base) 3, of cephalic

plate 6.

Ilah. Fourteen males and five females of this species were

collected by Captain H. J. Walton, I.M.S., at Gyantse,

Tibet, in the year 1904,

Remarks. Allied to K. nasuta^ from which it apparently

differs in the disposition and size of the teeth of the man-

dibular fingers, in the slenderness of the terminal portion of

the flagellum, and in the absence of the tooth which is

situated antero-dorsally towards the inner side of the upper

finger of the mandible in K. nasuta. The female differs

from that of persica., which is the only other species of this

genus in which this sex is known, in that the ventral surface

of the fourth abdominal segment is provided with nineteen

long setre on the hinder edge. It is necessary to state that I

have not been able to examine specimens of the two species

mentioned above.

XXXIX. — Descriptions of Three new Snakes discovered hi/

Mr. G. L. Bates in South Cameroon. By G. A.

Boulenger, F.R.S.

Jbisijpeltis macrops.

Eye larger than in I). sc(d)ra. Rostral nearly twice as

broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as

ora little shorter than the ])r0efrontals ; frontal a little longer

325

new Snakes from South Cameroon.

than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the

snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; one

prse- and two postoculars ; two superposed temporals, followed

by keeled scales-; seven upper labials, third and fourth

entering the eye ; a pair of large chin-shields, followed by a

smaller pair or by the first ventral shield. Scales in 20 to

23 rows, the smaller oblique lateral scales with serrated keel

reduced to two or three series. Ventrals 237-239 ; anal

entire ; subcaudals 79. Olive above, with very indistinct

yellowish cross-bars on the baek ; upper surface of head with

black vermiculations ; belly plumbeous grey or olive-grey,

more or less speckled with blackish.

Total length 900 mm.

Two specimens, ^ (Sc. 20; V. 239; C. 79) and ? (Sc. 23 ;

V. 237 ; C. ?), from Efulen.

The larger size of the eye, combined with the low number

of scales and the coloration, induces me to regard this snake

as specifically distinct from any of the numerous forms of

Dasy'peltis hitherto described. In the larger ( $ ) specimen

(900 mm.) the head measures 25 mm. and the eye 4 ; in the

smaller (d') specimen (765 mm.) the head measures 18 mm.

and the eye 4. In adult specimens of D. scabra the eye

measures only 3 mm.

Dipsadohoa isolepis.

Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ;

internasals a little broader than long, half as long as the

prsefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its

distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;

loreal deeper than long ; one praeocular, forming a suture

with the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 1 + 2 ; eight

upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; six

lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which

are longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, not oblique,

vertebrals scarcely enlarged. Ventrals 199 ; anal entire ;

subcaudals 56. Blackish grey above and under the tail ;

upper lip and lower surface of head and body yellowish

white.

Total length 435 mm. ; tail 70.

A single female specimen from Efulen.

This species connects the genera Dipsadohoa and Leptodira.

Aparallactus Baiesii,

Diameter of eye greater than its distance from the oral

margin. Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion

Ann. &; Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 23

326

Mr. E. E. Austen on the Synonymy and

visible from above nearly half as long as its distance from the

frontal; internasals much shorter than the prsefrontals ;

frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its

distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;

nasal divided, in contact with the piseocular ; two post-

oculars, lower very small, upper in contact with the fifth and

sixth upper labials ; a single temporal; seven upper labials,

third and fourth entering the eye, sixth largest and forming

a long suture with the parietal ; first lower labial in contact

with its fellow behind the syrnphysial ; two pairs of chin-

shields, posterior longer. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 145 ;

anal entire ; subcaudals 48. Snout and upper parts of body

blackish, upper lip and back of head yellowish, lower parts

yellowish white.

Total length 235 mm.; tail 40.

A single female specimen from the forest 5 miles inland of

Kribi,

XL. — Synonymy and Generic Position of certain Species

of Muscidse (sens, lat.) in the Collection of the British

Museum^ described by the late Francis Walker. By

Ernest E. Austen.

Although nothing in the shape of general interest can be

claimed for the following notes, it is hoped that they may

at any rate prove useful to compilers of catalogues who

wish to avoid a long list of unidentified Walkerian species,

chiefly at the end of the genus Tachina. Even with the

types before him the present writer has often found it a

matter of great difficulty to assign Walker’s species of

Muscidse to their proper genera, owing to tlie fact that the

species are almost invariably based upon single specimens,

usually in very poor condition. It would have taken far too

long to correct the manifold inaccuracies and imperfections

of the original descriptions, and in the majority of cases no

attempt has been made to do so. As proving that Walker

described the specimen, and not the species, the characters of

which he was generally incapable of grasping, it may be

mentioned that he is responsible for no fewer than eleven

synonyms of the well-known Eiitachina rustica, Mg., the

description in every case being based upon a single

specimen.

The present paper contains but a first instalment of notes

upon Walker’s species of Muscidae, since it is hoped to deal

with other species in a similar manner at a later date.

327

Generic Position of certain Musciilaj.

Phasia argentifrons (List Dipt. Ins. in Coll. Brit. Mus.

part iv. (1849) p. 691. — Interior of South Africa). — This

species may be assigned provisionally to the genus Hijalomyia,

Kob.-Desv., though possibly it should be transferred to yet

another genus : the posterior transverse vein is nearer to the

bend of the fourth vein than to the small transverse vein.

Ocgptera picta {ibid. p. 695. — Sierra Leone). — Apparently

belongs to ParalophosiUj Br. & v. Berg.

Trichopoda lateralis {ibid. p. 697. — Brazil). — Belongs to

Homogenia, v. d. Wulp.

Trixa apicalis {ibid. p. 699. — Locality unknown) =

Microphthalma disju7icta, AVied.

Tachina melanax {ibid. p. 700. — Venezuela) is a Pejeaniay

Rob.-Desv.

Tachina alterna and T. aurifera {ibid. pp. 701-702. —

Venezuela) belong to Saundersia, Schin.

Tachina diversa {ibid. p. 703. — Venezuela) = Saundersia

ornata, Macq. {Micropalpus ornatus, Macq. Dipt. Exot. ii. 3,

p. 47).

Tachina ceciuabilis and T. constans* {ibid. pp. 704-705. —

Venezuela), as also T. transiens {ibid. p. 706. — Quito,

Ecuador), T. alligans {ibid. p. 713. — Venezuela), T. leuco-

melana’\ {ibid. p. 714. — Locality unknown), and T. con-

traria J {ibid. p. 716. — Mexico) belong to Saundersia, Schin.

Tachina notata, T. varia, T. lativitta, and T. vittata

(Insecta Saundersiana. — Diptera, pp. 267, 268, 269, 273. —

Colombia), and T. iransversa [ibid. p. 274. — Brazil) belong

to Saundersia.

Tachina signata (List Dipt. Ins. in Coll. Brit. Mus. part iv.

(1849) p. 709. — Locality unknown §) is a Hystricia, Macq.

Tachina zelica {ibid. p. 711. — New Zealand). — As stated

by Hutton (Trans. N. Zealand Institute, vol. xxxiii. (1901)

p. 51), this is a synonym of Hystricia {Musca) lupina,

* Saundersia nigropilosa, v. d. Wulp (Biol. Centr, -Americana, Diptera,

ii p. 23. — Mexico ; Costa Rica), is a synonym of this species : it may

also be noted that S. bipartita, v. d. Wulp {ibid. p. 25. — Mexico) =

S. bicolor, Will.

t Saundersia unicolor, v. d. Wulp {pp, cit. p. 23. — Mexico), is a

synonym of this species. The palpi” of Walker’s description are

really pollinia of a flower !

J Saundersia ruf tibia, v. d. Wulp {op. cit. p. 24. — Mexico), is a

synonym of this species.

§ The species is from New Zealand, and Hystricia pachyprocta,

Nowicki (Beitr. zur Kenntn, Diptf. Neu-Seelands (1875), p. 25), is a

synonym.

23*

328

Mr. E. E. Austen on the Synonymij and

Svederus (K. Vet.-Akad. Nya Handl. viii. (1787) p. 289) :

according to Svederus, the type of the species is in Mus.

Dom. Banks/-’ but it is not now to be found in the Banksian

Collection.

Tachina patula (JMd. p. 712. — Locality unknown) is a

Hystricia. The face is hairy.

Tachina anthemon [ibid. p. 733. — Brazil), T. amisias {ibid.

p. 734. — Locality unknown), T. epileuca [ibid. p. 716. —

Jamaica), and T. caliginosa (Ins. Saund. — Dipt. p. 268. —

Brazil) belong to the genus Hystricia. In H. epileuca the

face is hairy : H. amisias is possibly a synonym of H. an-

themon, but in the type of the former species, which is the

only specimen in the Museum, the macrochsetse near the

ront margin of the second abdominal segment are differently

disposed.

Echinomyia furiosa (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. iv. (1858)

p. 194. — Rio Grande, Brazil) is a Hystricia : the face is

hairy.

Tachina busalis^ (List Dipt. Ins. &c. pait iv. p. 713. —

Jamaica) is a Jurinia, Rob.-Desv.

Tachina decisa [ibid. p. 715. — Hudson’s Bay, Nova Scotia)

is a Jurinia', J. punctata, v. d. Wulp (Biol. Centr.-

Americana, Diptera, ii. p. 468. — Mexico) is a synonym of

this species.

Tachina iterans [ibid. p. 727. — Nova Scotia) = Peleteria

tessellata, Eahr. The statement that there are no bristles

on the side of the face is precisely the opposite of the fact ;

the same remark applies to the same statement in the case

of Tachina punctif era [ibid. p. 728. — Massachusetts), which,

as recorded by Coquillett (Revision of the Tachinidse of

America North of Mexico. U.S. Dept, of Agriculture.

Division of Entomology. Technical Series, no. 7 (1897),

p. 141), is likewise a synonym of P. tessellata, Eabr.

Tachina sacontala [ibid. p. 728. — Nepaul) apparently =

Tachina fera, Linn.

Tachina orbilius [ibid. p. 736. — England) =

flavipes, Mg., ? .

Tachina. mesula [ibid. p. 737. — England) = Demoticus

plebejus, Fin.

* Jurinia adusta, v. d. Wulp [op. cit. p, 28. — Mexico), is very closely

allied to this species; but in the former the antennae, especially the third

joints, are more reddish beneath and not wholly dark, and the dorsum

of the thorax is more yellowish pollinose in front.

329

Generic Position of certain MusciJse.

Tachina crisia [ibid, p. 738. — England) = Ernestia (Eri-

gone) radicum, F.

Tachina tyche [ibid. p. 738. — England) and T. amphiro

[ibid. p. 749. — England) = Blepharidea vulgaris, Fin.

Tachina megaleas [ibid. p. 739. — England), T.pitho [ibid.

p. 740. — England), T, admete {ibid. p. 743. — England),

T. pamesos [ibid. p. 744. — England), T. medoacus [ibid.

p. 746. — England), T. telestho, T. cerceis [ibid. p. 747. —

England), T. philonis and T. nymphidius {ibid. p. 751. —

England) rustica, Mg.

Tachina separata (Insecta Britannica. — Diptera, ii. p. 67

(1853). — England) devia, Fin.

Tachina lucifera (Insecta Saundersiana. — Diptera, pt. iv.

(1852) p. 282. — Locality ?) perhaps belongs to the Section

Blepharipoda, Br. & v. Berg., but the writer is at present

unable to determine its proper genus with certainty.

Tachina inornata and T. nervosa (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.

xvii. (1836) p. 349. — Cape Gregory and Port Famine,

Strait of Magellan) belong to the Section Pscudodexia,

Br. & von Berg., near the genus Macquartia, Rob.-Desv.

The eyes are bare, or but faintly pubescent, and the face

and arista are also bare. The face has a distinct keel and the

jowls {Backen) descend posteriorly. The types of both species

are males. The two species are very similar in appearance

and extremely closely allied ; in T. inornata, however, the

palpi and tibiae are orange and the last joint of the tarsi is

ochraceous, while on the underside of tlie abdomen there is

a long and very prominent tuft of stiff black hair on either

side of the hypopygium. In T. nervosa the palpi are black,

the tibiae blackish at the extremities, and the anal hair-tufts

are wanting.

Tachina piceiventris [ibid. p. 350. — S. America ; precise

locality uncertain) is a Masicera.

Tachina trifasciata [ibid. p. 350. — S. America ; precise

locality uncertain) belongs to the “ Section’^ Masicera, Br. &

von Berg. A new genus will probably have to be foundea

for this species, differing from Ceromasia, Rond., in the

narrowness of the body, the depth of the jowls being only

one-sixth of that of the eyes, the long and slender arista,

and the third vein being setigerous nearly as far as the

small transverse vein.

Tachina albifrons [ibid. p. 351. — S. America; precise

locality uncertain) is a Sisyropa, Br. & von Berg.

330

Mr. E. E. Austen on the Synonymy and

Tachina chrysocephala [ibid. p. 351. — S. America; precise

locality uncertain) is a Vhoroceray Rob.-Desv.

Tachina basalis [ibid. p. 351. — Port Famine, Strait of

Magellan) belongs to the Section Phorocera, Br. & v. Berg.,

and ap])arently to a new genus near ClKstoycedia, Br. & v.

Berg. Eyes bare ; depth of jowls, which descend notice-

ably behind, equal to half that of the eyes ; facial ridges

ciliated to above the middle ; face with a row of bristles

(a continuation of the frontal series) which descends nearly

to level of lower margin of eye; abdominal macrochsetse

discal and marginal ; bend of fourth vein somewhat rounded.

Tachina rnaura [ibid. p. 352. — Port Famine, Strait of

Magellan) is a synonym of the foregoing species.

Tachina atrivcntris (Ins. Saundersiana. — Diptera, pt. iv.

(1852) p. 290. — India) is assigned by Walker himself at the

commencement of his description to the genus Nemorcea.

It is not, however, congeneric with N. pellucida, Mg., and

apparently a new genus, possibly referable to the Section

P ar am acr onychia, Br. & von Berg., will have to be founded

for its reception. — Eyes hairy ; arista bare ; antennae long ;

jowls not descending; abdomen thickly clothed with erect

hair ; first, second, and third segments with marginal but no

discal macrochsetae ; costal spine wanting ; no appendix or

Faltenzinke to bend of fourth vein ; claws in male very

long.

Tachina alia [ibid. p. 293. — India). — The type of this

species proved to be an unrecognizable fragment, and has

consequently been destroyed. The name should be deleted

from van der Wulp^s ‘ Catalogue of the Described Diptera

from South Asia.^

Furigaster languida (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. iv. (1858)

p. 198. — India) is a Blepharipoda.

Tachina tricincta (Ins. Saundersiana. — Diptera, pt. iv.

(1852) p. 301. — India) belongs to the genus Frontina —

sens. lat. Br. & von Berg.

Masicera incivica (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. ser. v. (1861)

p. 305. — Asia. — ? India) is an Aporomyia, Rond. The

facial ridges are ciliated to the level of the descending

orbital setae — i. e. to above the middle. The length is in-

correctly given by Walker as 4, instead of 2 lines.

Tachina adusta (Ins. Saundersiana. — Diptera, pt. iv.

(1852) p. 292. — India) is a Frontina, Mg.

Echinornyia stolida (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. vol. iv. (1858)

Generic Position of certain Muscidse. 331

p. 195. — New South Wales) is the male of Tachina ohtasaj

Walk. (Ins. Saund. — Diptera, pt. iv. 1852, p. 274. — New

South Wales). .Under the latter name Walker professed

to describe both sexes, but the female alone is now to be

found in the Museum collection. It is quite possible that the

type of E. stolida is really the specimen previously described

by Walker as the male of Tachina obtiisa. This species

may be assigned provisionally and with doubt to the 'genus

Microtropesa, Macq. There is no noticeable keel on the

face, and in the female the third joint of the antennae is

somewhat square and distinctly shorter than the second (the

antennae are wanting in the male), so that the species might

be regarded as belonging to the genus Fabricia. The head,

however, is rather wide, and in an obviously closely allied

blit undescribed species from Tasmania in the Museum

collection the third antennal joint is as long as or slightly

longer than the second. In both species there is a row of

from six to eight small admedian macrochaetae on the margin

of the second abdominal segment, which are absent in

Microtropesa sinuata^ Don., the typical species of the genus.

In general appearance, however, T. obtusa and the species

from Tasmania resemble Microtropesa more than Fabricia.

Tachina despicienda (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. ser. v.

(1861) p. 306. — New South Wales) apparently belongs to

the Section'’^ Pyrrhosia, Br. & v. Berg., bat the condition

of the typical specimen is such that it is impossible to

determine the genus. The first posterior cell is closed at

the margin of the wing.

Tachina hebes (Ins. Saund. — Dipt. pt. iv. (1852) p. 289. —

Tasmania) is not a female as stated by Walker, but the

male of Tachina densa {ibid. p. 288. — New South Wales).

The species apparently belongs to a new genus near Exorista^

Mg. The antennae are inserted above the level of the middle

of the eye; the face is broad and the frontal bristles descend

to the level of the arista, while a number of small bristles

descend still lower ; the facial ridges are ciliated on the

lower third; depth of jowls about one-third of that of the

eye ; abdominal macrochaetae only marginal.

Eurigaster tasmanice (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. ser. iv.

(1858) p. 197. — Tasmania) belongs to a new genus, near

Frontinaj Mg., Section Phorocera, Br. & von Berg. : —

Eyes hairy ; ocellar bristles wanting; face hairy; oral margin

very prominent; abdominal macrochaetae marginal ; claws in

male short, as in Frontma. The type is a male, not a female

as stated by Walker; the tip of the abdomen (last segment)

is dull, not shining as stated in Walker^s description.

332

Mr. E. E. Austen on the Synonymy and

Tachina australis (Ins. Saund. — Dipt. pt. iv. (1852)

p. 279. — New South Blepharipoda (Tachina)

zebina, Walk.

Tachina leocrates (List Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. iv. p. 475

(1849). — South Africa) is perhaps to be assigned to the

genus Brachelia, Rob.-Desv. (Ess. sur les Myod. p. 61) —

the type of which is Tachina Westermanni, Wied. (Auss. zw.

Ins. ii. p. 291 )_, from the Cape of Good Hope. On the

genus Brachelia, cf. Brauer & von Bergenstamm, Denkschr.

math.-naturw. Cl. k. Akad. Wiss., Bd. lx. 1893, p. 184.

Tachina cassotis (ibid. p. 761. — Sierra Leone). — Head of

type wanting ; the species apparently belongs to the genus

Rhynchomyia, Rob.-Desv.

Tachina verritus (ibid. p. 774. — South Africa) belongs to

the Section Phorocera, Br. & von Berg., and may, pro-

visionally at any rate, be assigned to the genus Doria

(sens'd Rondani) . The statement in Walker’s Latin diagnosis

as to the colour of the palpi, antennae, and legs is misleading;

in tlie typical specimen (a female) the palpi, so far as it is

possible to see them, appear to be brown with yellowish tips ;

in a male in the Museum collection from Malvern, Natal,

March 1897 (G. A. K. Marshall), and a second male from

Leopoldville, Congo Free State, Dec. 13, 1903, In bush’"’

(Drs. Dutton, Todd, ^ Chy'isty), the palpi are entirely yellow ;

in both sexes the antennae and legs are black, the front

femora greyish beneath. The arista is long and slender,

with its second joint greatly elongated in the male; the

third vein is bristly nearly to the small transverse vein, and

the bend of the fourth vein has a Faltenzinke.”

Tachina subaurata (Ins. Saund. — Dipt. pt. iv. (1852)

p. 298. — Cape of Good Hope) belongs to the genus Ceromasia,

Rond.

Tachina ocychus (List Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus. pt. iv. p. 770

(1849). — Jamaica) is a Frontina, Mg.

Tachina basifulva {ibid. p. 725. — Jamaica) is correctly

referred by Aldrich (Cat. N. Amer. Diptera, p. 485 (1905))

to the genus Archytas, Jaenn.

Tachina infiy^ma (ibid. p. 719. — Chile) is an Archytas,

Jaenn.

Tachina pilosa (Ins. Saund. — Dipt. pt. iv. (1852) p. 266

(^‘ Musca pilosa‘1 Drury ’’). — S. America) = Archytas hystrix,

Eabr.

Tachina latij'rons (ibid. p. 284. — S. America), correctly

333

Generic Position of certain Muscidse.

referred by Walker himself {loc. cit.) to the genus Blephari-

peza, is, as staled hy Aldrich {op. cit. p. 472), a synonym of

B. leucophrySy Wied.

Tachina coniermina {ibid. p. 285. — S. America) is a

Belvosia, and perliaps = {Tachina) atrata, Walk.

Tachina divisa {ibid. p. 270. — =■ Archytas analis,

Fahr.

Tachina apicalis {ibid. p. 245. — California : — not Colum-

bia,^'’ as stated by Walker) = robnsta, Wied.

Trixal sejuncta (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. iv. (1858) p. 200. —

Cape of Good Hope) belongs to the genus Dexiosoma^ Rond.

Microphthalma capensis, Schin. (Reise Novara. — Diptera,

p. 322), is a synonym of this species.

Echinomyia albiceps (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. ser. v.

(1860) p. 295. — Brazil) is an Archytas^ near A. (Tachina)

basifulva, Walk.

Echinomyia ludens {ibid. — Brazil) is devoid of palpi. The

species would be a Saundersia but for the fact of the presence

of a strong bristle on the face on each side, just above the

level of the bottom of the eye. The same character is

exhibited by Saundersia truncaticornis , v. d. Wulp, from

Panama, and a new genus in the near vicinity of Saundersia

will probably be needed for these two species. In Walker’s

species the front tarsi are not expanded in the female,

although they are in S. truncaticornis.

Tachina similis (Ins. Saund. — Dipt. pt. iv. (1852) p. 266. —

New South Wales) apparently belongs to the genus Chcet-

ophthalmus, Br. & von Berg. (Denkschr. math.-naturw. Cl. k.

Akad. Wiss., Bd. Iviii. (1891) p. 383). — Section^’ Micro-

palpus, Br. & von Berg. So far as can be seen from the type,

which is in very poor condition, the palpi are entirely

wanting.

Tachina basalis {ibid. p. 281. — Locality unknown) is an

Aporia, Macq., near A. {Macquartia) venusta, v. d. Wulp.

Tachina vulgata {ibid. p. 300. — S. America). The head

of the type is wanting, and since this species, like the

majority of those described by Walker, is based upon a

single specimen, it is impossible to be certain as to the

genus. From Walker’s description of the head, however,

tfie species would appear to belong to the genus Phorocera,

Rob.-Desv.

Masicera longiuscida (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. iv. (1858)

p. 198.— S. America). — Section ■” Phorocera, Br. & von

llcrg. : genus uncertain.

331: Mr. E. E. x\usten on the Synonijmi/ and

Tachina chrysotelus (Tns. Saund. — Dipt. iv. (1852) p. 296.

— Brazil) = Tachina tincta, Walk. [ihid. p. 287). The species

is a Phorocera with the abdominal macrochaetae confined to

the margins of the segments. The Museum collection

contains a female of this species from Santa Catharina,

Brazil (Crowley Bequest).

Tachina compacta (ibid. p. 294. — Brazil) is a Blepharipoda^

Br. & von Berg. : Masicera alacris, Walk. (Trans. Ent. Soc.

Loud, new ser. vol. v. (1861) p. 301) is a synonym of this

species.

Tachina scita (Ins. Saund. — Dipt. iv. (1852) j). 302. —

Brazil). — Tlie type is a female, not a male as stated by

Walker. The face is slightly hairy; the lower anterior

angle of the third joint of the antenna is somewhat

prominent ; the facial ridges are ciliated on rather less than

the lower half ; the abdomen has only marginal macrochaetse,

and the second and third segments are serrate below. — Genus

uncertain : Section Pseiidodexia, Br. & von Berg., near

Decodes, Br. & von Berg., and Gymnostylia, Br. & von Berg.

(?zec Macq.) ; Aldrich (Cat. N. Amer. Dipt.) the species

is probably a Masicera.

Tachina sordida (ibid. p. 297. — S. America). — Genus

uncertain ; Section Pseudodexia, Br. & von Berg. ? —

The type is a male, not a female as stated by Walker; the

palpi are orange, not “ black. The vibrissfu are well above

the oral margin, and the jowls descend considerably behind;

the abdominal macrochsetse are confined to the margins of

the segments.

Tachina umbrifera (ibid. p. 294. — Brazil). — Genus im-

certain, possibly new ; near Ptilodeyeeria, Br. & von Berg.

(^^ Section Pseudodexia, V>\\ & von Berg ). Eyes bare;

jowls somewhat descending behind ; abdominal macrochaetae

only marginal,

Tachina cincta (ibid. p. 303. — Brazil). — The type (a male,

not a female as stated by Walker) is in poor condition, since

the abdomen has been damaged. The species belongs to the

Section Pseudodexia, Br. & von Berg. ; genus uncertain,

perhaps new; near Degeeria, Mg., but the facial ridges are

bare, and the arista is pubescent.

Tachina squamata (ibid. p. 279. — Colombia) apparently

belongs to the genus Lepidodexia, Br. & von Berg. (Deukschr.

math.-naturw. Cl. k. Akad. Wiss., Bd. Iviii. (1891) p. 379) ;

however, in the type, at any rate, the bristles on the third

vein do not extend quite so far as halfway between the

335

Generic Position of certain Museidse.

base and the small transverse vein. Walker^s alulae/^ in

the description of this and other species^ are in reality the

sqnamse.

Tachina tincta (ibid. p. 287. — Brazil) is a Phorocera. —

Vide supra, under T. chrysotelus.

Tachina atratula {ibid. p. 305. — Brazil) is a Phorocera.

Tachina ruficornis (ibid. p. 304. — S. America) is a Chryso-

tachina, Br. & von Berg. The Museum collection contains

two specimens of this species from Atoyac and Teapa,

Mexico (presented by Messrs. Godman ^ Salvin), which

were assigned by van der M^ulp (Biol. Centr. Amer., Dipt.^

Suppl. p. 480) to Gymnochceta alcedo, Lw.

Sarcophaga parva {ibid. p. 321. — Para^ Brazil) is not a

Sarcophaga. The species should perhaps be assigned to the

Section Paramacr onychia, Br. & von Berg.^ but the type

and solitary representative is in such poor condition that it

is impossible to be certain as to the genus. The face is

narrow and somewhat receding, otherwise the species might

perhaps be regarded as allied to the genus Sphixapata,

Rond.

Tachina candens (List Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv. (1849J

p. 720. — Nova Scotia) is an Archytas. M^alker^s name is

given by Aldrich (Cat. N. Amer. Diptera, p. 486) as a

synonym of Archytas {Jurinia) lateralis, Macq., but at any

rate the type is not conspecific with specimens in the

Museum collection determined as belonging to the latter

species by Prof. Tyler Townsend ; the pile on the face in

WalkeCs type is golden yellow instead of black, the

second, third, and fourth joints of the front tarsi are much

more expanded, and the ])ollinose covering of the thorax and

scutellum is denser and deeper yellow. It may be noted,

however, that according to Macquart the pile on the face of

A. lateralis is white Face d’un jaune pale, a duvet

blanc^^), so that Townsend’s identification is probably

incorrect.

Tachina speculifera {ibid. p. 731. — N. America), of which

the type is a female, is a Micropalpus, Macq. {Linncemyia,

Rob.-Desv.), near M. pictus. Mg. In neither of these

species are the palpi reduced to mere stumps.

Tachina degenera (ibid. p. 732. — Hudson’s Bay) is an

Ernestia, Rob.-Desv. Contrary to Walker’s statement, the

eyes are hairy.

Tachina melobosis (ibid. p. 743. — Florida) is a Phorocera ,

33G

Mr. E. E. Austen on the Synonymy and

Rob.-Desv. : syn. Tachina addita, Walk. (Ins. Saund. — Dipt,

iv. (1852) p. 290) j as correctly stated by Coquillett & Aldrich.

Tachina dydas {ibid. p. 748. — Hudson^s = Eutachina

rustica, Mg.

Tachina masurins (ibid. p. 753. — N. America) is an

Accmyia, Rob.-Desv._, apparently distinct from A. dentata,

Coq., and A. tibialis, Coq.

Tachina clesides {ibid. p. 757. — N. America) is a Phori-

chmta, Rond. P. tricincta, Rond. (Dipt. Ital. Prodr. iv.

(1861) p. 103), described from Italy, is apparently a synonym

of this species.

Tachina hybreas (ibid. p. 785. — Hudson’s Bay). — The head

of the type is missing : discal as well as marginal raacro-

chsetse are present on the abdomen, and the species may

perhaps be referred provisionally to Ceromasia, — sensiX

Br. & von Berg.

Tachma epicydes (ibid. p. 786. — Hudson’s Bay). — Genus

Exorista : Walker's name is given by Aldrich (op. cit.

p. 455) as a synonym of Exorista (Tachina) affinis, Fin.,

but the shape of the third joint of the antenna in Walker's

type does not agree with Fallen’s description.

Jurinia innovata (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. new ser. vol. v.

(1861) p. 296. — Mexico) is doubtfully referred by Aldrich

(op. cit. p. 486) to Archytds, but does not belong to that

genus, in spite of the fact that the proboscis is slender and

polished, with small labella. The sp cies must apparently

be assigned to the Seetion ” Erigonc, Br. & von Berg., in

which a new genus will probably have to be founded for it

near Ernestia, Rob.-Desv. (Erigonc, olim'). The head is

proportionately somewhat small; eyes bare; face hairy;

second joint of antennse somewhat elongate ; palpi small

and slender, orange, not black as stated by Walker; third

vein bristly for rather more than half the distance from the

base to the small transverse vein.

Tachina atra (Ins. Saund. — Dipt iv. (1852) p. 273. —

Georgia) is correctly given by Aldrich (op. cit. p. 485) as a

synonym of Archytas aterrima, Rob.-Desv.

Masicera expergita (Trans. Ent. Soc Lond. new ser. vol. v.

(1861) p. 304. — Mexico) is a Degeeria, Mg. (Medina of

Aldrich’s Catalogue), of whieh Degeeria longipes, v. d. Wulp,

from comparison of the types, is a synonym. Apud

V. d. Wulp (Biol. Centr.-Amer.j Dipt., Suppl. p. 485)

7). longipes is a synonym of D. (Oglisa) nigrifacies, Big.

337

Generic Position of certain Muscidte.

(Ann. Soc. Eut. Fr. 1888, p. 268). — The facial ridges in

Walker’s type are not bare, as stated by Walker, but are

somewhat sparsely ciliated up to the middle.

Masicera gentica (ibid. p. 302. — Mexico) apparently

belongs to Ceromasia^ — sensu Br. & von Berg. The type is

now a mere fragment.

Tachina ancilla (Ins, Saund. — Dipt. iv. (1852) p. 299. —

United States) is correctly assigned by Coquillett (Rev.

Tachinidae, p. 106) to the genus Frontina, Mg.

Eurigaster saginata (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. ser. v.

(1861) p. 298. — Mexico) does not belong to Exorista, to

which it is referred by Aldrich (op. cit. p. 459). The head

of the type is missing^ and the genus must therefore remain

uncertain, but the species must apparently be assigned to

the Section ” Plagia^ Br. & von Berg. — Costal spine

wanting; third vein bristly as far as the small transverse

vein ; posterior transverse vein much more oblique than the

apical portion of the fourth vein, which is very abruptly

bent up ; bend of fourth vein with a very small appendix ;

abdominal macrochsetae marginal.

Tachina ampelus (List Dipt. Ins. Brit.^ Mus. iv. (1849)

p. 732. — Nova Scotia) is an Ernestia (Panzeria of Coquillett

& Aldrich), but is not synonymous with radicum, Fabr., as

erroneously stated by the American writers. — It would

appear from the fact that specimens of another species in

the Museum collection, from Vernon, British Columbia,

April to May, 1902 (^Miss Ricardo), were determined by

Coquillett as Panzeria radicum, Fabr.,” but have in reality

nothing to do with that species, that the interpretation of

Musca radicum, Fabr., by American authors is incorrect.

Miss Ricardo’s species is one of two species of Ernestia

obtained by her at the same locality, and both remarkable

for the smallness of the eyes. The species wrongly identified

by Coquillett has the abdomen unicolorous shining bronze-

black, while in the other the second, third, and fourth

segments have a pollinose band in front.

Tachina aids [ibid. p. 710. — Locality unknown) — - Hystricia

(Tachina) signata, W^alk. (op. cit. p. 709), from New Zealand.

Tachina metallifera (ibid. p. 717. — Locality unknown) is

an Archytas.

Tachina damippus (ibid, p. 719. — Locality according to

the List ” unknown, but from a label on the specimen—

Archytas analis, Fabr.

338

Mr. K. E. Austen on the Synonymy and

Tachina carbonifera [ibid. p. 721. — Locality unknown) is

an Archytas, and apparently = ^. [Tachina) metallifera, Walk.

Tachina fimbriata [ibid. p. 724. — Locality unknown) is a

true Tachina^ Mg. {sensu Meigen and Br. & von Berg.).

The species is very likely from India, since it is closely

allied to Tachina nitida, Walk.

Tachina pagasus {ibid. p. 750. — Locality unknown)

= Eutachina rustical Mg.

Tachina thyamis [ibid. p. 756. — Locality unknown). — The

specimen in the Museum collection which figured as the

type of this species did not agree with Walker’s description;

the name must therefore be cancelled as unrecognizable.

Tachina thyamis [ibid. p. 771. — Locality unknown)

= Pelatachina tibialis, Fin.

T'achina enarette [ibid. p. 758. — Locality unknown). — The

type is a mere fragment and the species consequently

unrecognizable.

Tachina nysas [ibid. p. 758. — Locality unknown) is a

Rhynchomyia, Rob.-Desv.

Tachina petalus [ibid. p. 759. — Locality unknown) is also

a Rhynchomyia.

Tachina segonax [ibid. p. 762. — Locality unknown). —

Genus uncertain : near Xysta, Mg.

Tachina sosicles [ibid. p. 772. — Locality unknown) is

apparently a Frontina. 31ie type is in very poor condition.

WalkeFs statement “sides of the face without bristles is

precisely the opposite of the fact.

Tachina otichestus [ibid. p. 773. — Locality unknown)

belongs to the genus Bothria, Bond, [sensil Br. & von Berg.).

Tachina nepia [ibid. p. 774. — Locality unknown) =

Baumhaueria goniceformis, Mg.

Tachina ipsea [ibid. p. 776. — Locality unknown). — Genus

uncertain ; resembles Metopia in venation, except that the

])Osterior transverse vein is much more oblique ; front not

prominent; sides of face but little receding, fringed nearly

to level of base of third joint of antennae with stout sparsely-

set bristles ; jowls narrow. This species has been placed

near Metopia in the Museum collection.

Tachina opiter [ibid. p. 776. — France) belongs to the

genus Sisyropa, Br. & von Berg., and perhaps=8. ['Tachina)

excisa, Fin.

'Tachina calliphon [;ibid. p. 777.— Locality according to

339

Generic Position of certain MusciJaj.

the List unknown; the type, however, bears a small

label with the word Picton on it, and so is presumably from

either New S.outh Wales or Canada). — Apparently an

Exorista-, the type, which is accompanied by its puparium,

is in very poor eondition.

Tachina scotinus [ibid. p. 742. — Loeality unknown) is

apparently a Pseudo pachystylum,, Wlk. (Wien. ent. Z. x.

(1891) p. 208). — The arista, however, is not geniculate,

although its second joint is elongate ; the face, except next

the eyes, is very bristly to the level of the bottom of the

eyes, but its sides are not fringed with bristles as stated

by Walker.

Tachina broteas (ibid. p. 763. — England) is a Thryptocera,

probably T. pilipennis, Fin.

Tachina rhmo (ibid, p, 778. — Locality unknown) is a

Masicera.

Tachina cymelus [ibid. p. 790. ^Locality unknown) is a

Blepharipoda, Br. & von Berg.

Phorocera expellens (Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. (1860)

p. 155. — Amboyna) is an Exorista.

Nemoraa tenebrosa (ibid. iv. (1860) p. 123. — Macassar,

Celebes) belongs to the Seetioii Blepharipoda, Br. &

von Berg., and is apparently allied to the genus Cteno-

phoroCera, Br. & von Berg. (Denkschr. math.-naturw. Cl.

k. Akad. Wiss., Bd. Iviii. (1891) p. 312), so far as can be

judged from the deseription of the latter. In the type

(a male, not a female as stated by Walker), and in another

male from Macassar [Wallace), the tirst and second abdo-

minal segments are totally devoid of macrochsetse in the

middle line ; a female from the same locality, however, has

a pair of marginal macrochsetse on the second segment. The

hind tibice, not the hind femora as stated by Walker, are

strongly ciliated. The second joint of the antennae is

somewhat elongated, and the ciliation of the facial ridges,

consisting of fine bristles, extends to the level of the base of

the third joint.

Nemoraa postulans [ibid. v. (1861) p. 240. — Dorey, New

Guinea) is an Exorista. The abdomen is narrow, and the

wings are narrow and elongate.

Masicera vicaria [ibid. i. (1857) p. 20. — Singapore) is a

Sisyropa, Br. & von Berg.

Masicera guttata [ibid. iii. (1859) p. 99.— Aru Is.). — Genus

uncertain, Section Phorocera, Br. & von Berg. Contrary

340

]\[r. r]. E. Austen on the Synonymy and

to Walker’s statement, the faeial ridges are eiliated to rather

above the middle ; eyes bare ; arista minutely pubescent to

just beyond the middle ; abdominal macrochaetae discal and

marginal ; first posterior cell opening close to tip of wing. —

An examination of the type of M. guttata shows that the

“ row of white dots along each side on the fore borders of

the segments ” of the abdomen are really transverse silvery

bands, which are interrupted and become more or less obsolete

in the median dorsal region : the depth of the band on the

fourth segment is twice that of the bands on the second and

third segments.

Masicera horrens {ibid. iv. (1860) p. 124. — Macassar,

Celebes) may be referred, at least provisionally, to the

genus Trichohjga, Rond. The second joint of the antennae

IS not noticeably elongated, but the bend of the fourth vein

has a long Faltenzinkey This species presents a strong

superficial resemblance to Masicera morio, Dol., but may be

distinguished at once by its hairy eyes.

Masicera sarcophagata (ibid. vii. (1864) p. 235. — Ceram)

may provisionally be referred to Eutachina, Br. & von Berg.,

but a new genus near Eutachina will perhaps have to be

founded for its reception, since the second joint of the arista

is not elongated, while the third joint is long and tapering

and not noticeably incrassated towards the base ; the oral

margin, too, is not at all prominent.

Masicera dotata (ibid. iv. (1860) p. 123. — Macassar,

Celebes) belongs to the Section ” Pseudodexia and Sub-

Section ” Thelaira, Br, & von Berg., where a new genus allied

to Thelaira will doubtless have to be founded for its recep-

tion.— Walker’s statements are misleading in some respects.

The eyes are hairy, the arista pubescent ; facial ridges ciliated

with stout bristles on the lower third ; one or two stout

bristles on the jowds beneath the eyes ; orbital setae stout in

the $ (S as yet unknown) ; abdominal macrochsetae discal

and marginal ; third vein bristly almost to small transverse

vein, other veins bare ; bend of fourth vein abrupt, deeply

incurved, with an appendix.

Masicera immersa (ibid. p. 124. — Macassar, Celebes) is a

Blepharipoda, Br. & von Berg., and —B. (Tachina) ophirica,

Walk.

Masicera mysolana (ibid. vii. (1864) p. 213. — Mysol,

E. Indian Archipelago) is the ? of Exorista (Nemorcsa)

postulans, Walk.

341

Generic Position of certain Mu^ciJa’.

Masicera manifesta {ibid. v. (1870) p. 154. — Amboyna) is

an Exorista.

Phorocera convertens {ibid. v. (1861) p. 240. — Dorey, New

Guinea) is apparently the ? of Masicera notabilis^ Walk.

{ibid. iii. p. 97), described from the Aru Is. This species

may be left provisionally in the genus Masicera, although

from its general facies, and especially its elongate shape, it

can scarcely be congeneric with Masicera sylvatica, Fin., the

type of the genus.

Masicera prominens {ibid. v. (1860) p. 155. — Amboyna)

may be allowed to remain, at least for the present, in the

genus Masicera.

Masicera (?) tentata {ibid. iii. (1859) p. 98. — Aru Is.)

apparently belongs to a new genus of the Section*’^ Pseudo-

dexia, Sub-Section Thelaira, Br. & von Berg., allied to

Thelaira, Rob.-Desv. The arista is pubescent on its basal

half; the third vein haa a few bristles at the base, the other

veins are bare.

Masicera solemnis {ibid. p. 98. — Aru Is.) is a Blepharipoda,

Br. & von Berg., closely allied to and perhaps identical with

B. {Tachina) ophirica, Walk.

Masicera simplex {ibid. p. 99. — Aru Is.) may be allowed

to remain for the present in the genus Masicera.

Masicera ? ficta {ibid. v. (1861) p. 286. — Batchian,

Molucca Is.) : head of type now missing ; true genus

uncertain.

Eurygaster conglomerata {ibid. iv. (1860) p. 126. — Ma-

cassar, Celebes) is a Sisyropa, Br. & von Berg.

Eurygaster prominens {ibid. p. 127. — Macassar, Celebes)

is a Sisyropa, Br. & von Berg. The palpi are yellow, not

black as stated by Walker.

Eurygaster interdicta {ibid. vii. (1864) p. 213. — Mysol). —

The type is in poor condition. Genus uncertain ; perhaps

new, and belonging to the Section ” Erigone, Br. & von

Berg. The oral margin descends considerably below the

yibrissse ; above the few small bristles next to the vibrissa3

the facial ridges are ciliated with fine hairs nearly to the

level of the arista ; eyes hairy, not bare as stated by

Walker; palpi short and slender; antennse short ; abdominal

macrochsetoe discal and marginal ; no appendix to bend of

fourth vein.

Eurygaster apta {ibid. iv. (1860) p. 126. — Macassar,

Ann. tk Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 24

342

j\rr. E. E. Austen on the Synonymy and

Celebes) is a Blepharipoda, Br. & von Berg. : the palpi are

yellow, not blaek as stated by Walker.

Eurygaster fingens (ibid. viii. (1865) p. 132. — Salwatty I.

New Guinea) is a Phorocera. The eyes are hairy, not bare

as stated by Walker ; the first portion of the third longi-

tudinal vein, to a point midway between the base and the

small transverse vein, is bristly.

Eurygaster contract a {ibid. iv. (1860) p. 128. — Maeassar,

Celebes). — Genus uncertain; near Blepharipoda^ Br. 8c von

Berg., but hind tibise not uniformly ciliated ; eyes large,

jowls very narrow, linear ; tips of palpi yellow ; four

post-sutural dorso-central bristles; abdominal macrochaetse

marginal.

Eurygaster progressa {ibid. — Macassar, Celebes). — Genus

uncertain, probably new ; near Walk., and Leskia^

Rob.-Desv. {^‘ Section ” Pyrrhosia, Br. 8c von Berg.). — Eyes

pubescent, not bare as stated by Walker; arista minutely

pubescent ; oral margin only slightly prominent ; jowls

bearing a pair of bristles on their central portion and

descending somewhat posteriorly ; number of post-sutural

dorso-central bristles uncertain, owing to condition of

type; abdominal raacrochsetse marginal, in pairs ; a pair of

admedian bristles and a lateral pair on each side on each

segment.

Sarcophaga ingens (List Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv. (1849)

p. 816. — Locality unknown). — A series of specimens in the

Museum collection from Trinidad, B.W.I. {J. H. Hart :

taken in a flower of Aristolochia gigas) and a male from

Union I., Grenadines, B.W.I. {H. H. Smith), apparently

belong to this species.

Sarcophaga edax {ibid. p. 832. — France ? •’■’) = Myio-

stoma {Estheria) cristatum, Mg.

Sarcophaga inoa {ibid. p. 832. — Galapagos Is.) is not a

Sarcophaga, but belongs to the Section ” Paramacr onychia,

Br. & von Berg., — genus uncertain, perhaps new, near

Arrenopus, Br. & von Berg. Frontal bristles small ; face

sparsely clothed with minute hairs ; epistoma prominent ;

eyes bare ; two post-sutural dorso-central bristles ; ab-

dominal macrochfietse confined to a row on the hind margins

of the fourth and fifth segments.

Sarcophaga! punctipennis (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. iv.

(1858) p. 208. — Colombia) is not a Sarcophaga, but appa-

rently belongs to a new genus allied to Phorichceta, Rond.

(‘" SectioiE^ Thryptocera, Br. 8c von Berg.). The type is very

Generic Position of certain Mu-scidie. 313

mouldy, so that it is not easy to make out its characters ;

the face, however, on each side has a row of stout bristles

descending from the front. The apical portion of the fourth

vein and the posterior transverse vein are abruptly bent in

and out in an unusual manner ; the basal portion of the

third vein is bristly almost as far as the small transverse

vein ; abdominal macrochaetse discal and marginal.

Sarcophaga chrysotelus (Ins. Saund. — Dipt. iv. (1832)

p. 329. — S. America) is an Exorista.

Dexia aurinia (List Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv. (1819)

p. 847. — Locality unknown) = Dexia vacua^ Fin., $ .

Dexia posio (ibid. p. 844. — Cape of Good Hope) is a

Microphthalma, Macq., with the first posterior cell closed

well before the margin of the wing, and long-stalked : owing

to this peculiarity in the venation it may eventually be

advisable to found a new genus for this species.

Dexia australis (Ins. Saund. — Dipt. pt. iv. (1852) p. 314.

— Australia) is a Thelaira.

Dexia notata (ibid. p. 309. — New South Wales) is a

Myiostoma, Bob.-Desv.

Dexia randa (List Dipt. Tns. Brit. Mus. iv. (1849) p. 852.

— Brazil) belongs to the genus Mesembrinella, Giglio-Tos.

Dexia ohsciira (Ins. Saund. — Diptera, pt. iv. (1852) p. 307.

— Brazil). — Genus uncertain, probably new (‘^^ Section"’'’ Dexia,

Br. & von Berg.). — Arista feathered with long hairs; septum

between antennse and grooves for latter well-marked ; pro-

boscis slender, polished, and somewhat elongate ; abdominal

macrochsetae marginal on second segment, discal and marginal

on third ; terminal portion of fourth vein bent up sharply,

then incurved ; bend with a small appendix. — In spite of the

greater development of the facial septum and of the an-

tennary grooves, this species is probably congeneric with

Rhamphinina picta. Bigot (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. ser. 6, t. viii.

(1888) p. 265), from Cuba, the type of which, through the

generosity of Mr. G. H. Verrall, is now in the British

Museum. According to Brauer (SB. k. Akad. Wiss.,

math.-naturw. Cl., Bd. cvi. (1897) p. 359. 105) Rh. picta,

Big., with Dexia potens, Wied., belongs to Stomatodexia

according to the head, and to Leptoda according to the bend

of the fourth vein. The proboscis, however, is very different

from that of stomatodexia.

Dexia muscaria (fbid. p. 308. — Brazil) is congeneric with

the foregoing, though discal and median marginal macro-

chsetse are absent from the second abdominal segment, and

discal macrochsetse from the third segment.

24*

34 i l\Ir. E. E. Auston on the Synonymy and

Dexia angmta {ibid. p. 314. — Brazil) is a Stomatodexia,

Br. & von Berg., near, or perhaps identical with, S. (Dexia)

diadem, a, Wied.

Dexia plana (ibid. p. 315. — Brazil) is a Stomatodexia, near

S. diadema, Wied.

Dexia svffusa [ibid. p. 317.- — Locality unknown) appa-

rently belongs to a new genus o£ the Section Pseudo-

dexia, Sub-Section Thelaira, Br. & von Berg., near

Xanthodexia, v. d. Wulp. This species presents a deceptive

resemblance to Xanthodexia sericea, Wied., from which,

however, it can at once be distinguished by the frontal

stripe being wide and by the presence of marginal macro-

chmtseon all the abdominal segments. Orbital setae in female

stout and conspicuous ; face and jowls narrow ; antennae

rather below level of middle of eyes ; bend of fourth vein

rounded.

Dexia? albicans (Trans. Ent. Soc. Bond. iv. (1858)

p. 204. — R. Amazons, Brazil) belongs to the Section

Sarcophaga, Br. & von Berg., and apparently to a new

genus. — Very narrow and somewhat resembling a Scato-

phaga in shape and general appearance; head in profile

square, with rather prominent front ; eyes semicircular in

outline; face bare; arista feathered on rather more than

basal half; abdomen, femora, and front and middle tibise

clothed with short w^oolly hair ; hind tibiae in male shortly

ciliated on inner side ; first joint of front tarsi somewhat exca-

vated on underside ; abdomen totally devoid of macrochaetae

except on hind margin of fourth segment ; third vein bristly

for three-fourths of the distance from the base to the small

transverse vein ; remaining veins bare.

Dexia insolita (Ins. Saund. — Dipt. iv. (1852) p. 318. —

Brazil) may, provisionally at any rate, be referred to Hystri-

chodexia, von Roder : there is a row of stout macrochaetae on

the hind margins of the second and third abdominal segments,

but on the disc of the latter segment macrochaetae appear to

be wanting.

Tachina similis (ibid, p, 269. — S. America) is a Peleteriay

near P. robusta, Wied,

Dexia harpasa (List Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv. (1849)

p. 840. — N. America) = Plilodexia tibialis, Rob.-Desv.

Dexia cerata (ibid. p. 847. — N. America) is a Rhyncho-

dexia, v. d. Wulp (Bigot, joro joaWc).

Dexia pristis (ibid. p. 841. — Massachusetts) belongs to

the genus Aporia^ Macq. The type is in very poor

condition.

345

Generic Position of certain Muscida?.

Dexia cremides [ibid. p. 842. — N. America) must be can-

celled as unrecognizable. The specimen that the writer

found in the Museum collection doing duty as the type does

not agree with the description, and is a female of Dinera

grisescens, Fin., a species apparently not included in AldriclFs

‘ Catalogue of North American Diptera,^ where (p. 500) Dexia

cremides, Walk., is placed under Myiocera.

Dexia ogoa (ibid. p. 841. — Nova Scotia) must also be

cancelled as unrecognizable, since the type is not now to be

found in the Museum collection, and Walker states that

when he described it the head was missing.

Dexia dirphia [ibid. p. 836. — Locality unknown) is a

Myiocera, Rob.-Desv.

Dexia prexaspes (ibid. p. 837. — Georgia, U.S.A.) is a

Ptilodexia, Br. & von Berg., to which genus Estheria abdo-

minalis, Rob.-Desv., from Nova Scotia (assigned by Aldrich,

Cat. N. Amer. Dipt, p; 501, to Dexia), also belongs.

Dexia abzoe [ibid. p. 846. — Georgia, U.S.A.). — Type not

now to be found in the Museum collection ; name should

consequently be cancelled.

Tachina corythus (ibid. p. 797. — Georgia, U.S.A.). —

So far as it is possible to determine from a comparison of

Walker’s type and the descriptions, Coquillett (Rev. Tachi-

nidae, p. 73) is apparently correct in quoting T. corythus,

Walk., as a synonym of Xanthomelana (Pkasia) atripennis.

Say.

Tachina cdops [ibid. p. 796. — Georgia, U.S.A.) . — Cor-

rectly referred by Coquillett [op. cit. p. 73) to the genus

Beskia, Br. & von Berg.

Dexia hypsa [ibid. p. 866. — Locality unknown) is a

Fycnosoma, Br. & von Berg.

Musca liris [ibid. p. 882. — Locality unknown) is the

female of Rutilia minor, Macq. (Australia and Tasmania),

which apparently should be referred to a new genus near

Rutilia.

Dexia albifrons (Ins. Saund. — Dipt. iv. (1852) p. 317. —

United States) is a Rhynchodexia, v. d. Wulp (Bigot, pro

parte) .

Dexia canescens [ibid. p. 310. — United States) is a Ptilo-

dexia, near and perhaps only a dark form of P. tibialis,

Rob.-Desv.

Dexia pedestris (ibid. p. 313. — United States) has nothing

to do with Dexia. It is synonymous with Tachina menapis.

Walk. (List Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv. (1849) p. 769), the

34 r> On the Synonymy &c. of certain MusclJgp.

type of wliicli was stated to be from Upsala, Sweden. The

present writer is unable to assign this species to its proper

genus, but it perhaps belongs to the Section Masicera,

13r. & von Berg. The front is prominent and the face

hairy ; depth of jowls rather greater than half the height of

the eye ; first posterior cell opens at or close to tip of wing.

Gymnosiylia invita (Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. v. (1861)

p. 243. — Dorey, New Guinea) = Dexia alulifera, Walk.

(ibid. p. 157 ; described from Amboyna). — Genus uncertain,

probably new Section Pseudodexia^ Sub-Section

Thelaira, Br. & von Berg.) .

Gymnosiylia luteicornis {ibid. vi. (1862) p. 10. — Gilolo,

E. Indian Archipelago) belongs to an apparently new genus

near Thelaira, Rob.-Desv. — Eyes large, occupying whole

depth of head, so that jowls are reduced to a mere line ;

antennae below level of middle of eyes ; abdominal macro-

chaetae discal and marginal ; first and third veins bristly.

Trichoprosopa^ marginalis {ibid. v. (1860) p. 157. —

Amboyna). — A new genus will have to be founded for this

species close to Ocyptera, Latr., from which it is distin-

guished by the dorso-central bristles being greatly reduced,

as well as by the depth of the head, narrowness of the face,

and length of the third joint of the antennae.

2'richoprosopal divisa {ibid. vii. (1864) p. 213. — Mysol)

appears to be a Plesiocyptera^ Br. & von Berg., although

differing from P. {Ocyptera) bicolor, Wied. (the type of the

genus), in the face being narrow and the proboscis not

slender. In the typical specimen, at any rate, the second

and third abdominal segments are devoid of admedian

marginal macrochaetae.

Tacliina titan (List Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus.iv. (1849) p. 735.

— Sylhet) is a Nemorcea, Bond., near, but apparently distinct

from, N. iropidobothra, Br. & von Berg. Van der Wulp

(Cat. Descr. Dipt. S. Asia, p. 126) assigns this species to the

genus Micropalpus, doubtless misled by Walker having

headed the page on which the description appears Group II.

Linncemyia, Desv. Essai Myod. 52.^^

Musca aluta (ibid. p. 911. — ‘^Lapland?, France?'”). —

The type is a female of Myiospila meditabunda, Fabr.

Tachina zebina (ibid. p. 772. — North Bengal) is a Ble-

pharipoda, Br. & von Berg. (i.e. Sturmia, Bob. -Desv., apud

Coquillett& Aldrich), and perhaps a synonym of B. (Tachina)

cilipes, Macq. (Dipt. Exot. ii. 3 (1843), p. 62, tab. 6. fig. 6).

The following Walkerian species are synonyms of B. zebina-. —

'Tachina fusiformis (List Dipt. Ins. in Coll. Brit. Mus. iv.

3’47

On new Coleoptera from the Indian Empire.

(1849) p. 1161) ; Eurygaster mutans (Jourii. Proc. Linn.

Soc. V. (1861) p. 240) ; Tachina australis (Ins. Sannd. —

Dipt. iv. (1852) p. 279) ; and Nemorcea amplificans (Journ.

Proc. Linn. Soc. iv. (1860) p. 122). The extensive series of

specimens in the Museum collection shows that B. zehina is

among the commonest of the larger Tachininse in India and

Ceylon^ and also occurs in Burma^ Malacca^ Java, the Sunda

Is., Celebes, Dorey (New Guinea), Queensland, and New

South Wales.

Tachina grandis (Ins. Saund. — Dipt. iv. (1852) p. 278,

pi. vii. fig. 1. — India) belongs to the genus Nemorcea, Rob.-

Desv., and may be the female of N. tropidohothra, Br. &

V. Berg., as stated by van der Wulp (Tijdschr. v. Ent. xxxvi.

p. 161, & Cat. Descr. Dipt. S. Asia, p. 129). But, since

Walker^s type does not altogether agree with the description

by Brauer and von Bergenstamm, it seems advisable, for the

present at any rate, to regard the two species as distinct.

XLl. — Some new Species and Genera of Larnellicorn Goleo-

ptera from the Indian Empire, By Gilbert J. Arrow.

This paper contains descriptions of some of the most important

Indian Lamellicornia which are yet unnamed in the British

Museum collection, together with observations upon allied

forms which have accrued in the course of its preparation.

Part I.

CetoniidaB.

Heterorrhina dispar, sp. n.

8at elongata, crebre punctata, processu sternali hand longo, sab

acuto.

(5 . Viridi-olivacea, abdomine pedibusque riifis, nitida; capite inermi,

excavate, clypei margine antica valde retlexa et arcuata ; pedibus

sat gracilibus, tibiis anticis vix dentatis.

5 . Obscure castanea, opaca ; clypeo valde excavato, antice nasuto,

Venice cornu decumbente truncato armabo; pedibus crassioribus,

tibiis anticis latis, bidentatis.

Long. 20-22 mm.

Hah. N. India, Darjeeling.

The form is elongate, not much depressed, rather strongly

and uniformly punctured above. Head rugosely punctured,

with the clypeus rather broader than long and the front

margin prominent in the middle. Prothorax coarsely and

closely punctured, with the interstices extremely finely punc-

tulated. iScutelluin punctured except along the middle line.

348

Mr. G. J. Arrow on neic

Elytra rugosely punctured, some of the punctures forming

double rows. Pygidium transversely rugose. Sternal process

short, but rather sharp. Metasternum smooth in the middle

and coarsely punctured at the sides. Abdomen finely

punctured.

. Olive-green, shining, with the abdomen and legs

reddish. Head unarmed behind. Clypeus somewhat exca-

vated, with the front margin curved, reflexed, and slightly

produced in the middle. Sides of the prothorax strongly

angulated in the middle and nearly straight in front and

behind.

? . Purplish black, with abdomen and legs castaneous.

E orm more elongate, with the upper surface more opaque.

Clypeus strongly excavated, with the front margin ratlier

strongly produced upwards in the middle and the vertex armed

with a horizontal process freely produced and truncated in

front. Prothorax more convex and less contracted in front

than in the male. Legs stouter, with the front tibiae strongly

bidentate and all the tarsi shorter and thicker than in the

other sex.

In the peculiar differences of form and colouring between

the two sexes this species shows relationship only to

H. mutahilis, Hope, from which it is quite easily distin-

guished. It is larger and has less distinctly costate elytra,

besides which the sternal process, although short, is much

less so than in that species, and the clypeus is longer and

quite differently shaped in both sexes.

A male and female have formed part of the British Museum

collection for fifty years, but have not hitherto been distin-

guished from the allied species.

Anomalocera subopaca, sp. n.

Olivaceo- vel purpureo-viridis, antennis tarsisque nigris, elongata,

paulo depressa ; capite granulate, cl}'peo quadrato, antice paulo

dilatato, marginibiis fere rectis ; prothorace crebre punctato,

medio subtilissime, lateraliter grosse et rugose, lateribus vix

arcuatis, medio leviter angulatis ; scutello elongate, acuto ; elytris

parum profunde rugose punctatis, obsolete striatis, postice mar-

ginibus grosse rugulosis ; pygidio dense rugoso, breviter setoso ;

processu sternali sat longo, parum curvato, metasterni lateribus

dense punctatis, piliferis ; abdomine fere Hvi.

(5 . Angustior, prothorace antice magis contracto, abdomine sul-

cato, clava antennali longissima ; tibiis auticis muticis, posticis

dense et longe fulvo-ciliatis.

Long. 22 mm.

llah. N. India, Manipur,

Green, with pinkish reflections ; elongate, ))arallsl-sided.

349

Coleoptera from the Indian Empire*

ratlier flat above, and not bigldy glazed. Clypeus granu-

lated, about as long as it is broad, slightly widening towards

the front, with the anterior and lateral margins nearly straight.

Prothorax very finely punctured upon the disk and very

coarsely and rugosely at the sides, rather shorter than in

A. glaherrima and Mearesi^ and with the sides rather more

distinctly angulated in the middle and the base strongly

trisinuate. Elytra finely and shallowly but ratlier closely

strigosely punctured, some of the punctures forming rows

anteriorly, with the apical and posterior lateral parts coarsely

strigose, but scarcely setose, and the apical angles slightly

produced. Pygidium densely rugose and clothed with short

and not closely-set setae. Sternal process moderately long,

depressed, blunt, and not much curved. Metasternum

smooth and deeply grooved at the middle and densely punc-

tured and pubescent at the sides. Abdomen almost smooth.

The male is more elongate, with the prothorax more

narrowed in front, the abdomen deeply channelled, the an-

tennal club very long, and the hind tibiae thickly fringed.

Half a dozen specimens were collected by Mr. Doherty.

The species is closely related to A. glaherrima and Mearesi^

but is rather more elongate and depressed, and the upper

surface is much less glassy, being rather closely sculptured

all over. The male has the prothorax less narrowed in front

than in those two forms.

The' genus Anomalocera was formed for A. Mearesi^ Hope,

alone, but that species is only peculiar in the rather greater-

length of the antennal club of the male than that of its

allies, and a natural group is formed by associating with it

the species which have been placed in Ileterorrhina and

Rhomborrhina^ characterized by a tapering sternal process,

the clypeus simple in both sexes, and the hind tibias straight.

The genus Heterorrhina will then be confined to the forms in

which the clypeus is armed in one (the female) or both sexes,

and Rhomborrhina to those in which the sternal process is

broadly transverse and the clypeus of the characteristic

spatulate shape.

The species I include in Anomalocera as thus defined are

A. Mearesi^ Hope, glaherrima^ Westw., mbopaca^ sp. n.,

microcephalaj Westw., Mellii, G. & P., heros^ G. & P.,

resplendens^ Schonh., rujitibiis^ Bates, unicolor , Motsch.,

Fortunei^ Saund., and olivacea^ Jans. There still remains

one isolated species, which, while it has the clypeus simple

in both sexes and the sternal process long and slender, cannot

be associated with this group. The antennal club is equally

short in both sexes, the clypeus is nearly square in shape,

the elytra are very strongly and regularly punctate-striate.

350

Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

and in particular the hind tibiae of the male are strongly bent

and furnished with a thick brush of hairs. This is Cetonia

loeta, F., with which Heterorrhina sylhetica^ Thoms., is

synonymous. It was described by Thomson from North

India and by Fabricius from Java, but it has a continuous

range through Burma and the Malay Peninsula, and the

differences mentioned by Thomson have no reality when a

series of specimens is compared. For this form I propose

the new genus Euchloropus.

The chief differential characters of the Heterorrhina group

of genera may be tabulated as follows : —

Clypeus armed in one or both sexes Heterorrhina.

Clypeiis unarmed.

Hind tibiae of strongly curved Euchloropus.

Hind tibiae of S straight.

Sternal process elongate Anomalocera.

Sternal process transverse Rhomborrhina.

Macronota gracilis^ sp. n.

Nigra, supra opaca, elytris obscure rufis, macula postscutellare ad

humeros producta, fascia media transversa apicibusque nigris,

scutelli apice, suturae medio lineolisque duabus transversis post-

humeralibus albis, sterni abdominisque lateribus plus minusve

albis ; sat parva, angustata, capite (tuberculo laevi postico excepto),

prothorace pygidioque omnino granulosis, clypeo modice emar-

ginato ; prothorace fere circular!, postice leviter lobato et depresso,

angulis vix perspicuis ; singulo elytro fortiter unicostato, lateribus

post humeros sat leviter sinuatis ; pedibus gracilibus, tibiis

anticis tridentatis, posterioribus omnibus sine dentibus.

Long. 15 mm.

Hah. Assam, Naga Hills.

Black, with the elytra dark red except for a black patch

behind the scutellum produced to the shoulders, a transverse

median fascia, and the apical margins, and decorated with

white markings consisting of a spot behind the scutellum,

another at the middle of theelytral suture, and two transverse

marginal spots on each elytron. The sides of the sternum

and the margins of the basal segments of the abdomen are

also marked with white.

The form is very elongate, tapering behind, and the legs

are slender. The head, pronotum, and pygidium are coarsely

granulated. The head is flat, with a smooth tubercle on the

vertex and moderately notched in front. The prothorax is

almost circular in shape, with all the angles almost obsolete,

and moderately depressed behind. The ely^tra have a silky

sheen, and each has a strong costa and is feebly sinuated

351

Coleoptera from the Indian Empire.

beliind tlie shoulder. The front tibiae have three slight teeth

and the four posterior tibiae are without teeth or spines at the

middle. The antennal club is of moderate length.

Glycosia hiplagiata^ sp. n.

Nigra, nitida, elytris opacis, plaga suturali nitida excepta, singulo

post medium flavo-maculato ; elongata, depressa, ad humeros

lata, deinde augustata, capite parvo, crebre punctato, antice sat

emarginato ; prothorace convexo, grosse punctato, sat late

raarginato, lateribus medio angulatis ; scutello sat parvo, impunc-

tato ; elytris striato-punctatis, lateribus post humeros valde

sinuatis, apicibus sinuatis, angulis suturalibus acutis ; pygidio

parvo, fere laevi ; corpore subtus nitido, lateribus grosse punc-

tatis : S xu’othorace basi latiore, tibiis anticis minus distincte

tridentatis.

Long. 20 mm.

Hah. Andaman Is.

Shining black, with the elytra opaque and sooty except at

the inner margins, and with a lemon-yellow patch beyond

the middle of each, broad at the outer margin and pointed at

its inner extremity. The form is depressed, broad at the

shoulders, with the head small and the elytra straight at the

sides and strongly narrowing towards the extremity. The

head is strongly punctured, with the clypeus long, narrowing

towards the front, where it is rather deeply notched, and not

at all reflexed at the margin. The prothorax is convex,

coarsely punctured, with the sides strongly margined, and

angulated in the middle. The scutellum is rather small,

pointed, and impunctate. The elytra are coarsely striate-

punctate, with the margins strongly sinuated behind the

shoulders and minutely excised at the extremities, and the

apical angles acute. The pygidium is feebly punctured and

the metasternum and abdomen coarsely, except at the middle.

The sternal process is compressed, truncated in front, and

directed obliquely downwards. The front tibim are 3-dentate

in the female, but the uppermost tooth is almost obsolete in

the male. In the latter the prothorax is broader at the base

and the apical angles of the elytra are strongly spinose.

The type specimen is a female found by EoepstorfF in the

Andamans. There is a male in the Calcutta Museum labelled

Rangoon,” probably by mistake.

The only other known species of Glycosia are G. tricolor,

Oliv., and G. palliata, Mohn.

Protoitia hidentipes, sp. n.

Elongata, parallela, depressa, nigra vel purpureo-nigra, supra velu-

tina, subtus nitida, maculis capitis 2, prothoracis 6-8, utriusque

352

Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

elytri 9, ])ygidii 2, flavis ; caj)ifcc crebre punctato, anlice profunde

excise ; prothorace laxe punclato, transverse, lateribus inedie

angulatis, pestice fere parallelis ; elytris punctato-striatis, apico

paule spinesis ; pygidie crebre punctate, breviter flavo-setese ;

tibiis anticis acute bidentatis.

Leng. 18 mm.

Hab, Nicobar Is.

Sooty black or piceous black, with the head, legs, and

underside shining, decorated with yellow spots distributed as

follows : — a pair upon the vertex of the head, a pair at the

middle and three at each lateral margin of the pronotum, the

two posterior ones sometimes uniting ; three placed in an

oblique line upon the anterior half of each elytron, two ad-

joining the suture posteriorly, and four adjoining the lateral

margin, and a large patch at each side of the pygidium.

There are also patches upon the mesosternal epimera and the

sides of the sternum and abdomen. The head is thickly

punctured, with the clypeus long and deeply notched in front.

The prothorax is very transverse, distinctly but not densely

punctured all over, with the sides strongly angulated in the

middle, and nearly parallel from there to the base, which is

strongly emarginate before the scutellum. The scutellura is

rather narrow. The elytra are parallel-sided, punctate-striate,

with the sutural angles rather spinose. The mesosternal

process is moderately prominent, nearly cireular, and not

much dilated at the end. The metasternum is rugose at the

sides and the abdomen sparsely punctured. The front tibise

are bidentate in both sexes. The pygidium is pubescent in

two female specimens in the British Museum collection, but

in a male in the Calcutta Museum labelled (no doubt

wrongly) “ Rangoon the setae are scarcely visible. The

yellow markings in that specimen are also of a deeper colour.

Clinteria truncataj sp. n.

Nigra vel obscure cuprea, opaca, capite, pedibus corporeque subtiis

nitidis, prothoracis lateribus anguste llavo-marginatis, elytrorum

maculis 2 vel 4 minutis post medium transverse positis, apicalique

minuta, pygidii maculis duabus sat magnis ; depressa, sat

parallela, postice parum attenuata ; capite elongate, dense sat

regulariter punctato, antice valdo excise ; prothorace subtiliter

punctato, postice fortiter sat acute lobato ; elytris grosse seriato-

punctatis, costis duabus distiuctis ; processu sternali valido,

conico, acuminato, abdomine medio glabro.

Long. 15-18 mm.

IJah. S. India, Nilgiri Hills.

Black or very dark coppery, velvety and opaque above.

353

Coleoptera from the Indian Empire,

with the head, legs, and underside sliining, and with white or

yellow markings, consisting of a narrow line on each side of

the prothorax, frequently interrupted or absent, a spot upon

the mesostern'al epimeron, two small spots placed close

together behind the middle of each elytron and frequently

coalescing, a minute external apical spot, a large patch on

each side of the pygidium, and a row of spots on each side of

the sternum and abdomen.

The head is closely punctured, rather long, and deeply

notched in front. The prothorax is finely punctured,

attenuated in front, and strongly and rather sharply lobed

behind. The elytra are rather parallel-sided and little

narrowed towards the extremity ; they are coarsely punctured

in rows, with two well-marked costae upon each. The sternal

process is conical, rather long, and acuminate.

In the female there are three sharp equidistant teeth to the

front tibia. In the male the uppermost tooth is distant from

the other two and much shorter.

The pale markings are liable to reduction, and in one

specimen in the British Museum have disappeared entirely

I have seen a considerable number of specimens of this

form, which is generally confused with Clinieria guttifera,

Burm. [=C. valida^ Lansb.). It differs by its straight and

more parallel sides, the median spots of the elytra placed

farther back and not obliquely, and the more sharply pointed

sternal process.

I at hrst regarded this as possibly the C. modesta^ Blanch.,

but the examination of a co-type kindly sent from the Paris

Museum by M. Lesne shows tlie latter to be a variety of

G. Klugi, Hope (= C. Jtavopicta^ Bl.), with the pale markings

very much reduced.

Anthracophora hufo, sp. n.

Ovata, sat depressa, piceo-nigra, velutina, supra et subtus fulvo-

variegata, prothoracis, metasterni abdominisque medio costisque

duabus elytrorum basi glabris, immaculatis ; capite grosse punc-

tate, prothoracis lateribus grossissime et crebre, medio la^vius sed

fortiter punctatis, marginibus valde sinuatis, basi angulatim

emarginata ; scutcllo baud longo, punctate, variegate ; elytris

irregulariter striatis et punctatis, costa distincta basali, lateribus

vix sinuatis ; pygidio rugoso, variegato ; corpore subtus grosse

punctate, lateribus rugose punctate, opaco et variegato, processu

sternali breviter acuminate ; pedibus brevibus, variegatis, tibiis

anticis minute bidentatis.

Long. 16 mm.

Hah. Sylhet.

Deep red-brown, irregularly speckled above and below with

354

Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

yellow markings, and opaque and velvety except at the

middle of the prothorax, metasternum, and abdomen, and a

strong costa on the anterior half of each elytron.

The form is ovate and depressed. The clypeus is broad,

entire, and strongly punctured. The prothorax is strongly

but not closely punctured in the middle, very coarsely and

rugosely at the sides, with the lateral margins distinctly

angulated at the middle and strongly sinuated behind. The

scutellum is rather short, punctured, opaque, and variegated.

The elytra are irregularly punctured and striated, and each

has a smooth curved costa on the basal half. The pygidiurn

is rugose and the metasternum and abdomen are strongly

punctured and shining in the middle, and opaque and closely

sculptured with crescent-shaped impressions at the sides. The

legs are very short, opaque, and decorated like the body, and

there are two very short teeth to the front tibia.

A single specimen from the Bowring Collection has been

many years in the Museum.

Rutelidae.

Fruhstorferia hirmanica^ sp. n.

Ilufo-castanea, corpore subtus pygidioque sat longe rufo-hirsuta.

Corpus breve, robustum, grosse punctatum, modice nitidum, capite

rugoso-punctato, antice angustato, apice curvato, carina oculari

minuta, baud acuta ; prothorace transverse, grosse punctate,

medio indistiricte siilcato, lateribus bisinuatis, angulis anticis fere

rectis, posticis obtusis, margine basali leviter trisinuato ; scutello

lato, obtuse angulato, punctate ; elytris crebre irregulariter

punctatis, lineis indistinctis nonnullis ; pedum 2 anteriorum

tibiis tridentatis, 4 posteriorum unguibus externis profunde

fissis.

(S . Corpore breviore, magis parallelo, pygidio incurvato ; sat

nitido, mandibulis omnino exsertis, ad capitis longitudinem

sequalibus, valde recurvatis, acutis, tarsis anticis incrassatis

ungueque externo multo majore.

Long, (sine mandibulis) 16 mm.

5 . Multo longiore, ovali, pygidio producto, crebre punctato, corpore

supra grossius punctato, punctisannuliformibus, mandibulis parvis,

obtusis, elytrorum lateribus post medium callosis.

I-ong. 20 mm.

Hah. Burma, Euby Mines (^Doherty').

Chestnut-red, strongly punctured, with the pygidiurn and

lower surface clothed with tawny hair. The legs are stout,

with the front tibise tridentate and the outer claws of the two

posterior pairs strongly bitid. There is a short tubercular

prosternal process tufted at the end.

355

Coleoptera from the Indian Empire.

^ . Short, robust, and parallel-sided, with the head coarsely

punctured, the clypeus small, narrowed and rounded at the

apex, the mandibles produced (about as long as the head),

strongly recurved, and acute at the tips. The prothorax is

transverse, rather strongly punctured, with the sides parallel

behind and the base feebly trisinuated. The scutellum is

very short and finely punctured. The elytra are strongly

and irregularly punctured, some of the punctures forming

lines. The pygidium is turned inwards and sparingly punc-

tured. The front tarsi are thickened and the outer claw

much larger than the inner one.

$ . Longer and more oval, with the mandibles not pro-

duced or acute, the head more rugose and the prothorax,

elytra, and pygidium more coarsely and closely punctured.

The elytra have a small but well-marked fold beyond the

middle of the outer edge, and the pygidium is prominent.

A single pair of this species was received with the Fry

Collection. They are about equal in size to small speci-

mens of F. ^-maculata, Kr., but are more robust and convex

than that species. It is more strongly punctured above and

more hairy beneath, and differs also by the prominent

pygidium and well-marked lateral thickening of the elytra in

the female and the form of the mandibles in the male. It is

likely that the latter attain a greater development than in the

type, but they are peculiar by their twisted appearance and

abruptly acuminate tips. The maxillary palpi are much

stouter than in the other species.

Dr. Ohaus has sent me for comparison a female from

^Tonkin in his collection. It is like the Burmese female, but

more elongate and rather more finely sculptured upon the

elytra, and may prove to represent another species.

Desmonyx, gen. nov.

Labium elongatum, acuminatum, sine ligula distincta, palpis prope

apicem positis, triarticulatis, articulo ultimo grandi, fusiformi.

Maxillse reductae, absque lobis aut dentibus, paljjis prope apicem

positis, 4-articulatis, articulo ultimo grandi fusiformi.

Mandibulae porrectae, falciformes.

Labrum porrectum, angustum, integrum, dense ciliatum.

Clypeus antice latus, trilobatus, ad antennarum basin valde con-

strictus.

Oculi parum prominentes.

Antennae ( 6 ) longae, 10-articulatae, articulo primo valde clavato,

2-6 subaequalibus, 7 sat brevi, 8-10 longissime flabellatis, ad

praecedentes omnes longitudine aequalibus.

Prothorax transversus, lateribus basique arcuatis.

Scutellum latum, fere semicirculare.

356

Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

Sternum muticum.

Pedum coxm anticm prominentes, tibiae 4-dentatae, tibiae 4 posteriores

extus spinosae, posticae apice minute serratae : pedum anticorum

( (^ ) uugue externo lato, valde dentato, articulo penultimo subtus

lobato : pedum 4 posteriorum unguibus aequalibus, gracilibus,

intcgris.

Desmonyx humeralis^ sp. n.

Late ovatus, brunnens, antennarum clava, vertice, prothoracis medio,

scutello elytrorumque parte antica obscurioribus, singulo elytro

antice bimaculato, maculis flavis, approximatis, una prope scutel-

lum alteraque minore posteriore prope marginem lateralem.

Corpus supra grosse et rugose punctatum ; clypeo subtiliter rugoso,

lato, antice trilobate, medio acute, postice valde constricto ;

fronte prothoraceque grosse irregulariter punctatis, laxe hirsutis,

hujus medio longitudinaliter impresso, basi leviter arcuata,

lateribus arcuatis, antice paulo approximatis ; scutello sat minute

punctato ; elytris grosse punctato-striatis et rugosis, singulo apice

arcuato ; pygidio nitido, minute et laxe punctate ; corpore subtus

longe hirsute.

Long. 9-10 mm.

Hah. Burma, Buby Mines {Doherty).

Bark mahogany colour, with the back of the head, the

middle of tlie prothorax, the scutellum, and the anterior part

of the elytra, as well as the club of the antennae, black, and

with two yellow spots near the anterior border of each elytron —

one near the scutellum and a rather smaller one a little behind

and outside the first. The body is robust and convex,

coarsely and rugosely punctured above, wdth the vertex of

the head and the prothorax hairy. The clypeus is finely

rugose, broad and trilobed in front, strongly constricted at

the base of the antenna?. The prothorax is channelled down

the middle, broadly rounded at the base, with the front angles

acute and the hind angles rounded. The scutellum is nearly

semicircular and finely punctured. The elytra are coarsely

])unctate-striate with the intervals rugose. The pygidiurn is

minutely punctured and shining.

The female is unknown. The antennal club is very long

in the male, the last joint of the front tarsus is enlarged, the

inner claw thickened and very widely cleft, and the fourth

joint produced beneath the claw-joint. The other claws are

simple, slender, and equal.

This is an isolated and very remarkable genus, which must

be placed amongst the primitive and polymorphic Kutelidae

of the Parastasia group, although it has considerable affinities

with the Dynastida?. The slender and symmetrical claws of

the four posterior feet are quite foreign to the llutelida? and

357

Coleoptera from the Indian Empire.

the clypeus and the organs of the mouth are very peculiar.

Another aberrant genus to which Desmonyx seems to show

some relationship is OryctomorphuSy a Chilian genus for- which

Lacordaire formed a special group of Dynastidae (the Orycto-

morphides), associating with it an African genus, Homoeo^

morphuSj and an Australian one, Corynophyllus. This

curious assemblage is quite unnatural and a better resting-

place has to be found for Oryctomorphus. Its claws are

movable and slightly unequal on all the feet, and those of

the front feet of the male are exactly as in Desmonyx, the

labrum has a thickened front margin which is visible

externally, and in other respects, conspicuously in its bright

colouring and sexual differences, it agrees less with any

other genus of Dynastidae than with the Parastasia group of

Rutelidae. The latter embraces a variety of forms already

recognized as connecting the Rutelidae and Dynastidae, but

the latter family, if these aberrant members are excluded

from it, becomes fairly homogeneous. H. W. Bates in

forming the genus Metapachylus has pointed out its relation-

ship to Oryctomorphus and also to Parastasia and Polymoeclius,

but without definitely assigning it to either family.

Another genus, Mesystoechus of Waterhouse, placed by

its founder among the Anoplognathini, seems to belong also

to the present group. Its labrum is quite unlike that

characteristic of the former group.

Melolonthidae.

Dejeania lineata, sp. n.

Fusco-nigra, supra squamosa, subtus nitidior, pectore pedibusque

sparse, abdomine dense, griseo-setosis ; clypeo semicirculari, undo,

rugoso, fronte subtiliter rugosa, setosa ; prothorace globose, fusco-

squamoso, marginibus lateraliter atque postice griseis; scutello

fusco ; elytris fusco-squamosis, lineis 4 griseis, externa abbre-

viata ; pygidio dense flavido-squamoso ; prothoracis margine

postico ante scutelli angulos minutissime inciso ; scutello lato ;

elytris postice ad suturam baud angulatis.

(S . Tarsis intermediis sat brevibus, pedibus postiois validis, tro-

chanteribus longis, paulo spinosis.

Long. 7 mm.

Hah. Burma, Shan States.

This species is nearly related to D. Hoplia ”) marginatusy

Non fried, which its author has referred to a wrong group.

It is larger than that insect and in addition to the dark

margins of the elytra has three dark stripes of equal width

to the pale interspaces. The white scales upon the pronotum

are more restricted behind. I have seen only males of both

Ann. d) Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 25

358

Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

species, which sex, in each, has the hind trochanters very

long and spinose. In D, lineata^ but not in the allied species,

the middle tarsi are shortened and thickened also in the male.

Geotrupidae.

Ochodceus deceptor^ sp. n.

Rufo-testaceus, hreviter ovatus, corpore supra omnino sat dense

granulate, subtus laeviore, flavo-hirsuto ; clypeo parvo, semi-

circulari, maudibulis extus regulariter arcuatis ; prothorace

latissimo, margine lateral! recto, angulis anticis rectis, posticis

baud late arcuatis ; scutello elongate, apice acute ; elytris dis-

tincte striatis, interstitiis dense setosis.

Long. 5’5-6*5 mm.

(S . Tibiae anticae angulo interne producto, femore postico ante apicem

dentate.

2 . Capitis vertice tuberculis duobus geminatis armato.

Hah. S. India, Bombay, Madura, Kanara.

This species has a close resemblance to the European

0. chrysomelinus, F., but the sculpture of tlie whole upper

surface is rather less dense, the side margins of the prothorax

straighter, the posterior angles less broadly rounded off, and

the scutellum rather narrower and more acute at the apex.

The secondary sexual distinctions of the male are the same,

but the female is distinguished by a slight crest upon the

forehead consisting of two closely approximate tubercles.

These are absent in 0. chrysomelinus, which has instead a

single tubercle near the tip of the clypeus.

Ochodceus pallidusj sp. n.

Pallide testaceus, ovatus, capite prothoraceque minute et dense

rugosis, setiferis, elytris subnitidis, minute punctulatis et setiferis ;

clypeo brevissimo, lato ; mandibulis extus sinuatis, apice paulo

produetis, intus leviter dentatis ; prothorace lato, margine laterali

recto, angulis anticis fere acutis, posticis baud late arcuatis ;

scutello mediocre, baud acute angulato; tibiae anticae dente

apicali longo. Laud acuto, secundo sat acuto, tertio minutissimo.

Long. 6-5 mm.

Hah. N. India.

Two specimens, both females, were collected by Capt. Boys

and have been in the Museum since 1848. The species is

more elongate than the preceding one and the elytra are

paler and more shining, the sculpture being much less dense.

In addition the mandibles are more produced, the clypeus

shorter and broader and the scutellum less elongate. The

hind tibiae and tarsi are longer and slenderer and the second

tooth of the front tibiae more acute.

359

Coleoptera from the Indian Empire,

Westwood lias mentioned an Indian Ochodceus to which

the MS. name of 0. indianus was given by Reiche, but

wliioh the former did not consider distinct from 0. chryso-

melinus. This is probably one or other of the two species

here described.

Hybosoridae.

Phceochroops indicus^ sp. n.

Pyriformis, fuscus, undique longe rufo-hirtus, capite prothoracequo

densissime punctatis, illo angustato, margine regulariter arcuato ;

prothorace parvo, transverso, lateribus elev.atis, denticulatis,

regulariter arcuatis, angulis anticis productis, posticis fere rectis ;

scutello parvo, angiisto ; elytris valde convexis, postice fortiter

ampliatis, dense variolose punctatis, costis tribus modice distinctis;

corpora subtus subtiliter rugoso, metasterni medio pedibusque

politis ; tibiis anticis extus denticulatis, dentibus tribus validis

rectis, posticis longe ciliatis, singulo extus medio minute carinato.

Long. 11'5 mm.

Hah, S. India, Nilgiri Hills, Anamalai Hills.

Three specimens have been found by Mr. H. L. Andrewes.

They are dark olive-brown, clothed all over with long tawny

hairs. The head and prothorax are exceedingly densely,

and the elytra closely, covered with circular pits. The lower

surface is finely rugose, with the middle of the metasternum

alone Simooth and shining. The labrum is very prominent,

quadrate, and coarsely punctured and the clypeus parabolic.

The pronotum is very narrow in front and rather broader

behind, with the lateral margins raised, denticulate, and gently

and uniformly curved, and the posterior angles right angles.

The elytra are regularly ampliated from the shoulders and

have each three feebly raised cost^.

The genus Phceochroops ^ with two others, Phceochridius

and Pantolasius, have been placed by their authors, Candeze

and Lansberge, amongst the Trogidae, and excluded from the

Hybosoridae by the presence of five ventral segments only.

These forms, however, have certainly a much closer relation-

ship to Hyhosorus^ Chcetodus^ &c., than to Trox and appear to

me to exhibit no difference of any consequence in the abdomen.

A sixth segment is always visible laterally, although partially

hidden beneath the hind coxae, and Lacordaire has observed

that this is sometimes the case in Trox itself. The form of

the antennae and labrum, however, is very difierent to that

occurring in Trox^ and if it is considered desirable to retain

both families I think the Trogidae should be restricted by

removing the genera Liparochrus and Anaides to the

Hybosoridae, with which they have most in common.

3G0

Bihliographical Notice*

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera 'Phalaenoe in the British Museum.

Vol. VI. {Catalogue of Noctuidce, Vol. III.) London : Printed

by Order of the Trustees. 8vo. Pp. xiv, 532. Pis. xcvi.-cvii. ;

text-figs. 172.

The present volume of Sir George Hampson’s great work is devoted

to the subfamily Cucullianse, and includes 692 species distributed

among 111 genera, many of which are described as new. While

the Noctuidse, as a rule, are smaller and less showy than the moths

classed under Sphinges and Bombyces, they are more interesting to

European entomologists, as a larger proportion inhabit temperate

climates. Under the Cucullianae, as here defined, we find Cucullia,

Cleophana., Calophasia, Aporophyla., Cloantha, Xylina ( = Calocampa,

auct.), AgriopiSy Dasypolia, Cosmuiy and other well-known Euro-

pean genera. A series of additional species (uncoloured) are re-

presented, with neuration &c., in the text-figures. Although many

of these moths are dull- coloured, yet the larvae of some of them

(e. g. those of Cucullia and Xylina) are extremely beautiful, those of

Cucullia being gregarious and feeding in clusters on Verhascum &c.

(the larva of Cucullia verhasci is figured on p. 2). They are a great

contrast to the dull brown subterranean larvae of the Agrotinae,

called “ Cut-worms ” by the Americans. The moths of the genus

Cucullia are popularly called “ Sharks ” in England. They some-

what resemble small Sphingidae in their long, narrow, pointed

wings, and fly over flowers at dusk in the same manner. Our

species are all light brown, grey, or whitish, but several of the

Continental and Siberian species are of a most beautiful green, and

others brilliant silvery white, none of which, however, are figured

in the work before us.

It is less than two years since the publication of vol. v., and

vol. vi. is the third volume of Noctuae, vols. i.-iii. having been

devoted to Arctiidae &c. Those who are best acquainted with what

catalogue and descriptive work means will know best how to

appreciate the energy and the industry of the Author, and least

inclined to find fault on account of any error or omission which

they may be able to discover. For our own part, we may say that

the previous high standard of the work seems to be fully maintained

in the present volume both as regards the descriptions and tables,

and we are glad to see that the larvae, when known, are also briefly

noticed.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[SEVENTH SERIES.]

No. 113. MAY 1907.

XLII. — Descriptions and Records of Bees. — XIII.

By T. D. A. Cockerell, University of Colorado.

Osmia viridiorj sp. n.

d .—Length fully 12 mm. ; anterior wing a little over 8 ;

width of abdomen 4.

Head very dark blue-green ; mesothorax and scutellum

yellow-green ; the rest of thorax black with a greenish

lustre; legs black, not at all metallic; abdomen shining

blue-green, dark but very decidedly green. Head and thorax

densely punctured, clothed above with copious long hair, that

of face white, but of sides of vertex and cheeks strongly

intermixed with black ; head normal, mandibles strongly

bidentate ; anterior edge of clypeus straight, very smooth and

shining ; clypeus otherwise dull and densely rugoso-punctate ;

antennae black, third joint with a fine reddish tomentum,

only noticed in certain lights ; flagellum not at all moniliform ;

thorax above with long creamy-white hair, not at all mixed

with black ; pleura with long hair, anteriorly dull white,

posteriorly black. Legs with black hair, but shining reddish

on inner side of anterior tarsi, long and dull white on anterior

femora behind, and some dull white at apex of middle femora

behind ; spurs and tarsi normal ; tegulae shining black.

Wings hyaline, the apical margin broadly pale brownish, and

a daik streak in marginal cell; first r. n. joining second s.rn.

Ann. d' J/ap. X. /list. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 26

362 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell — Descriptions and

twice as far from its base as second from its apex. Abdomen

parallel-sided, first segment with white hair (some black at

extreme sides) ; second with thin white hair and shorter

black hairs intermixed, especially at sides, but inconspicuous ;

remaining segments with black hair, but third with a little

silvery white on margin laterally ; sixth segment with a

broad shallow notch, seventh bidentate ; second and third

ventral segments shallowly emarginate, with a very little

shining reddish hair in the emargination.

Very close to 0. marginipennis^ Cresson, but distinguished

by the strongly green mesothorax and scutellum, the paler

hair of thorax above, the edge of clypeus not subsinuate,^^

and the apical margin of wings not so dark. It also much

resembles 0. cyaneonitens^ CklL, but differs thus: —

Smaller ; hair of pleura all white ; middle tibia with con-

spicuous white hair cyaneonitens.

Larger : hair of pleura partly black ; middle tibia with

black hair viridior.

Hah, Boulder, Colorado, May 20, 1906 [S. A, Rohwer),

Osmia olivacea, sp. n.

d. — Length about or nearly 10 mm.; anterior wing 7^ ;

width of abdomen 3j.

Olive-green, the sides of the thorax dark bhie-green ; hair

of head and thorax long and abundant, white on clypeus,

cheeks below, and lower part of pleura, but otherwise tawny,

with very long black hairs intermixed on thorax above,

vertex, cheeks, and a few at sides of face; head normal,

lower edge of clypeus straight, the bidentate mandibles with

their teeth strongly divergent ; hair of upper part of face

strongly tawny; antennae long, black; flagellum slightly

moniliform or crenulate ; vertex and mesothorax rough with

exceedingly dense punctures ; a little shining space bordering

anterior ocellus in front. Legs black, the hind coxse and

femora dark green, and a slight green tint on middle ones ;

anterior and middle femora with long pale hair behind, hind

femora with dusky hair ; hair of tibiae (except anterior ones

behind) dark ; hair on inner side of hind tarsi golden ; spurs

normal; tegulse green. Wings dusky, hyaline before the

broad apical area; first r. n. joining second s.m. about IJ

times as far from its base as second from its apex. Abdomen

shining olive-green, the hind margins of segments con-

colorous; first two segments with pale hair, the others with

black hair, quite long, and a little pale intermixed; sixth

363

Records of Dees.

with a good deal of light hair ; sixth segment entire or with

the faintest suggestion of a notch ; seventh bidentate ; first

ventral segment subemarginate ; third emarginate, with a

tuft of orange hair in the notch.

In Robertson^s table of genera segregated from Osmia this

runs to 3, and runs out because of the structure of the sixth

abdominal segment. Because of its coloration it could be

mistaken for 0. inurhana^ Cress., but it is easily known from

that by the coarse black hair on the abdomen &c. It is also

exceedingly like 0. Latreillei, Spinola (which I have from

Tangier), but is known from that by the same characters

which separate it from inurhana *.

Hah. Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of Pulsatilla hirsutis-

Sima, April 20, 1906 [W. P. Cockerell).

Osmia pulsatillcej sp. n.

d . — Length about mm. ; anterior wdng about 5 ; width

of abdomen

Green, the head and thorax above rather yellowish green,

the abdomen blue-green (Prussian green). Head normal,

eyes prominent, mandibles with two widely divergent teeth ;

face covered with dull w’hite hair, with some long black hairs

at sides and many long black hairs on front and vertex ; hair

of cheeks white, with black hairs immediately adjacent to

the eye. Antennae rather long, black ; flagellum normal ;

hair of thorax long and dull white, dorsally w'ith black

hairs intermixed ; mesothorax dull, with exceedingly dense

punctures ; tegulae largely green. Wings dusky ; first r. n.

joining second s.m. about 1§ as far from base as second from

apex. Legs dark green, with dull white hair, that on inner

side of hind basitarsus dark fuscous ; spurs normal. Abdo-

men with white hair on first three segments, long only on

first ; the other segments have the hair mixed black and

silvery, but short and inconspicuous ; sixth segment entire ;

seventh bidentate ; ventral segments normal, second apically

with fine white hair.

This is an Osmia s. str. in the sense of Robertson. It is

very like 0. proooima^ Cresson, but is readily distinguished

by the mixture of dark hairs on the thorax above. The

abdomen is not so globular as in proximo^ but is distinctly

parallel-sided.

Hah. Boulder, Colorado, prox. 5350 ft., at flowers of

Pulsatilla hirsutissima, April 20, 1906 (W. P. Cockerell).

* An Algerian male of 0. Latreillei, also before me, has the hair of

the thorax much redder.

26^

3G4

Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell — Descriptions and

Osmia aprilina^ sp. n.

. — Lengtli about 7 mm.; anterior wing about 5; width

of abdomen 2^.

Si ui liar to 0. jmlsatillm, but hair of thorax above pale

reddish, without black hairs interspersed. Head larger, much

wider above. Abdomen broader, more globose, and yellowish

green ; sixth segment with a conspicuous rounded notch.

The antennse are entirely dark ; hair of face pale, white

below, yellowish above, without any black ; vertex with an

admixture of black hairs ; cheeks with long black hairs in

front, but the hair otherwise white. Wings dusky. Legs

with green tints. Abdomen with pale hair, but a good deal

of black from middle of third segment on ; seventh segment

bi dentate.

Known from 0. proxima by the dark flagellum and dark

Iiairs on cheeks and vertex. Similar characters and the

structure of the sixth abdominal segment separate it from

0. pumila. It is an Osmia s. str. in the sense of Robertson.

Ilah. Boulder, Colorado, at flowers of Pulsatilla hirsutis-

stma, April 20, 1906 (IK. P.& T. D. A. Cockerell) ; Boulder,

May 1906 {S, A. Rohwer). Four specimens.

Osmia phacelice^ sp. n.

$ . — Length 8 mm. ; width of abdomen 3.

Blue-green, with yellowish-green tints about the head and

thorax. Legs black, the hind femora faintly greenish ; scopa

black, some white hairs at extreme sides. Hair of head and

thorax mainly white, but many coarse black hairs on face and

vertex and fewer on scutellum and mesothorax ; seen from

above, the hair of the clypeus appears short and black and

that on each side of face longer and nearly all silvery white ;

head and thorax very densely punctured ; head ordinary,

clypeus normal, mandibles 3-dentate, antennse short and

black ; hair of legs largely black, that on inner side of middle

and hind tarsi nigro-fuscous ; tegular largely green. Wings

dusky, first r. n. joining second s.m. at least three times as

far from base as second from apex. Abdomen shining blue-

green, hind margins of segments concolorous ; hair of second

segment wdiite but very short and scanty, with longer dark

hairs toward sides ; following segments with the usual dark

hairs, but the apical one, except at apex, with fine silvery

toraentum.

Distinguished from 0. faceta^ Cress., by the smaller size,

greei]cr abdomen, and colour of hair on cly[)eus. It looks

just like 0. atriventris^ but is easily separated by tlie lar^-e

amount of black hair on head. 0. alholateralis, Ckll., is

much larger and has not the fine appressed white hairs seen

on abdominal segments 4 and 5 \w i)haceUm. It is an Osmia

s. str. in the sense of Kobertson.

Hah. Ward, Colorado, July 1905, at flowers of Phacelia

( W. P. (jf* T. I). A. Ckll.) ; also one from Boulder, Colorado,

June 17, 1905 {W. P, Cockerell).

Osmia Hendersoni, sp. n.

$ . — Length 10 mm. ; width of abdomen 4^.

Robust ; head and thorax densely punctured, black, with

strong blue and green tints at sides of face, and the pleura,

scutellum, and metathorax greenish ; abdomen very short and

broad, very shiny, with sparse punctures, the segments olive-

green, with the hind margins broadly purple, their extreme

edge more or less reddish. Head rather large, with broad

cheeks, but not otherwise remarkable ; clypeus normal, the

anterior edge gently concave ; mandibles with three large

but short teeth ; antennse black ; hair of face entirely black ;

the black hair goes as far back as the ocelli, and behind this

the hair of the top of the head is all dull white, except at tlie

extreme sides ; cheeks nude ; hair of thorax above entirely

yellowish white, of pleura black ; tegulas rufo-piceous.

Wings hyaline with yellow stains; first r. n. joining second

s.m. about twice as far from base as second from apex. Legs

black, with black hair ; anterior tarsi with long pale hair ;

first abdominal segment with long white hair, the others with

rather long black hair ; sixth apically with a little reddish

appressed hair ; scopa black.

A beautiful species, separated from 0. nigrifrons by the

shining abdomen, the second segment with black hair, &c.

The 3-dentate mandibles and long hair of pleura readily

separate it from 0. hrevihirta.

Hah. Arapahoe Peak, Colorado, Sept. 1, 1906 (aS^. A.

Rohwer) .

Named after Judge J. Henderson, who was present when

it was caught, in recognition of his work on the Arapahoe

Glacier and other contributions to the natural history of

Colorado. The locality is high alpine.

Osmia hrevihirta^ sp. n.

$ . — Length about 11 mm. ; width of abdomen barely

over 4.

Dark blue, with green tints ; the abdomen brilliant, more

3G6 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell — Descriptions and

shining than in 0. nigrifrons, the hind margins concolorous.

Head large ; clypeus normal ; mandibles 4-dentate, the

inner two teeth very short ; near the interval between the

first and second teeth is a little patch of shining orange hair ;

antennae black; hair of face black and dull white, the black

coarse and mainly on the clypeus and above, the white prin-

cipally at sides ; black hairs about ocelli, but hair on top of

head dull white ; cheeks with black hair, but anteriorly bare,

with a very little short white hair which glistens in certain

lights ; thorax above with yellowish-white hair, not mixed

with black ; hair of pleura short and scanty, dark, a little

light above posteriorly. Legs black, with black hair ;

tegulse black, with a blue spot. Wings broadly dusky on

apical margin; first r. n. joining second s.m. about 1| as far

from base as second from apex. Abdomen with light hair on

first segment and middle of second ; otherwise the hair is

black except that the apex of the last segment is covered

with chocolate-brown tomentum ; scopa black.

This may prove to be the female of 0, cyaneonitens, CklL,

which (cT) was also found at Boulder by my wife, June 4,

9, and 10, 1905.

Hah. Boulder, Colorado, June 10, 1905 {W. P, Cockerell).

Osmia Tiypochrysea Bohwerif subsp. n.

$ . — Length about 10 mm.

Differs from true hypocJirysea in being somewhat larger

and more robust, the patch of orange hair on the mandibles

little developed, the hair on inner side of hind tarsi dark

ferruginous (black in type). The clypeus is quadridentate

as in the type.

Hah. Boulder, Colorado, May 1906 {S. A. RoJiwer).

The locality is more than 2500 ft. lower than that of the

typical form,

Osmia hypoleuca^ sp. n. {pentstemonis^ subsp. ?).

$ . — Length about mm.; anterior wing 5 J ; width of

abdomen about 2^.

Head and thorax deep blue ; abdomen brilliant purple-

blue, the hind margins of the segments broadly olive-green ;

head and thorax very densely punctured, their hair long and

coarse, but not dense, black on head except on occiput and a

little on hindmost part of cheeks, dull white mixed with

black on thorax above, light on tubercles, black on upper,

but white on lower part of pleura. Head oblong, clypeus

367

Records of Bees,

normal, mandibles 3-dentate, antennse black ; tegulas piceous,

blue in front. Wings dusky ; first r. n. joining second s.m.

about or hardly 1^ times as far from base as second from

apex. Legs black, with black or sooty hair ; hind coxae and

femora strongly bluish, hind basitarsus flat and rather broad.

Abdomen with inconspicuous black hair on segments 3 to 5 ;

scopa black.

Perhaps only a variety of 0. pentstemoniSj Ckll., but that

has the hair of pleura all light, and the last dorsal abdominal

segment with fine whitish tomentum.

Hah. Boulder, Colorado, June 9, 1905, at flower no. 10

(W. P. Cockerell).

0. pentstemonis occurs at higher altitudes ; in Boulder

County we have taken it at Ward, about 9000 ft., at flowers

of Pentstemon, July 1905. In my original account of

0. pentstemonis I wrote : — It may prove to be the female of

0. Wheelerid^ It is, perhaps, significant that at Boulder,

June 4, 1905, my wife took a male Osmia which I liave

referred to 0. Whtehri^ CklL, variety.

Osmia pikeiy sp. n.

$ . — Length about 8 mm. ; width of abdomen 3.

A short broad species, with abdomen almost exactly circular

in outline. Dark greenish blue, the abdomen shining ; hair

of head and thorax long and coarse, black on clypeus, cheeks,

and pleura, dull white with black intermixed on front, vertex,

and thorax above j some white hair also on sides of face;

head and thorax densely punctured ; head rather large ;

mandibles with four prominent sharp teeth, the apical one

long ; clypeus normal, the two orange brushes below its

anterior edge well developed; antennae black, flagellum very

faintly reddish beneath ; scutellum and hind part of meso-

thorax yellowish green, contrasting with the blue-black

metathorax ; tegula3 black, greenish in front. W ings dusky ;

first r. n. joining second s.m. only a little further from base

than second from apex. Legs black, with black hair, fine

pale tomentum on underside of hind femora and tibia? ; hair

on underside of hind tarsi reddish except at sides. Abdomen

very sparsely punctured; first segment with pale hair,

second with pale and black, the others with black, the last

(except apically) with some appressed pale hairs; scopa

black.

Distinguished especially by its comparatively small size,

broad form, and 4-dentate mandibles. The colour of the

abdomen is the same as in 0. propinqua.

3G8 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell — Descriptions and

Ilah, Halfway House, Pikers Peak, Colorado, at flowers of

Salix, May 30, 1904 {Cockerell).

The locality is 8400 ft. above sea-level.

Osmia senior j sp. n.

? . — Length about 12 mm. ; width of abdomen 3|.

Abdomen approximately parallel-sided, broadest about the

apex of the third segment. Head dark blue below, green

above; mesothorax and scutellum green, pleura dark blue.

Abdomen blue-green, the margins of segments concolorous,

but segments 2 and 3 have an indistinct pinkish-purple band

across the middle, while 4 and 5 show coppery-red tints.

Head and thorax densely punctured, head rather large ;

antennse black ; clypeus normal ; mandibles with four very

distinct teeth, the apical one not very long ; hair of clypeus

black, of sides of face dull white, of front mixed white and

black, of vertex black, of occiput pale, of cheeks pale behind

and black in front ; hair of thorax above scanty, dull white

with black intermixed, of pleura black, but of tubercles

abundant and light, conspicuously contrasting ; tegulse rufo-

piceous, shaded with green. Wings dusky, first r. n. joining

second s.m. about 1§ as far from base as second from apex.

Legs black, with black hair, the hind femora and coxae very

faintly metallic ; middle femur with a few pale hairs apically

beneath. Abdomen with light hair on first segment and

short black hair on the others, each with a scarcely noticeable

subapical band of shining pale hairs, mostly failing in the

middle ; sixth with fine pale tomentum ; scopa black.

0. gaillardice^ CklL, is allied, but larger, and without

appressed light hair on cheeks. The white hair at sides of

face separates 0. senior from 0. wardiana. By the colour

and shape of the abdomen 0. senior is like densa, but that

has light hair on pleura.

Hah. Boulder, Colorado, June 12, 1905 {W. P. Cockerell).

Osmia wardiana., sp. n.

$ . — Length a little over 12 mm; width of abdomen 4.

liobust ; abdomen oblong. Head and thorax black, the

sides of face and supraclypeal area green, the scutellum and

hind part of mesothorax greenish ; middle of mesothorax

purplish black, with an area in which the strong punctures

are separated, showing the shining ground; head large, the

cheeks very full and rounded ; antennae black ; clypeus

somewhat produced, with the apex shallowly subeniargiiiate ;

3G9

Records of Bees.

mandibles 4-dentate, the apical tooth much the largest, the

others subequal ; face with coarse black hair, cheeks with

quite long black hair ; vertex witii hair mixed black

and dull white ; thorax above with dull white hair, with

long black hairs intermixed; pleura and tubercles with

black hair ; tegulse with a large ferruginous spot. Wings

hyaline, with reddish stains; first r. n. joining second s.m.

about or scarcely times as far from base as second from

apex. Legs black, with black hair, that on inner side of

anterior tarsi reddish. Abdomen quite dark, with tints of

purple and green, the hind margins of the segments purple ;

hair on first segment long and pale, except a tuft of black

on each side toward base ; hair on remaining segments short

and black ; scopa black.

E-esembles O. rtigrifrons^ Cresson, but that has 3-dentate

mandibles, entirely black tegulae, &c.

Hah. Ward, Colorado, 9200 ft., at flowers of Senecio. July

{W.P.^ T. D. A. CM.).

Osmia Titusij Ckll.

Las Cruces, New Mexico, April 10, at flowers of Dithyrea

Wislizeni ; two females collected by Prof. C. H. T.

Townsend.

New to New Mexico.

Andrena Hitei^ sp. n.

$ .— Length rather more than 11 mm.; anterior wing

about 8^ ; width of abdomen 3J.

Black, the thorax and first four abdominal segments

covered dorsally with bright fox-red hair, exactly as in the

European A./ulva, of which it looks like a small example.

Cheeks and face below antennae with black hair, front and

vertex with dull reddish hair, paler and not so bright as that

of thorax ; antennae dark, scape with black hair ; facial foveae

very broad, not divergent from eye, dark, but with a pale

tint in certain lights ; clypeus shining, strongly but not very

densely punctured, with a broad smooth median band ;

process of labrum large, truncate, with sloping sides; third

antennal joint conspicuously longer than the next two united ;

mesothorax dull and granular, minutely punctured ; area of

metathorax triangular, dull and granular, small, defined only

by an impressed line ; hair of lower part of pleura black, of

metathorax red, but at sides are long, curled, black hairs ;

tegulge dark. Wings dusky, stigma ferruginous, nervures

370 Messrs. 0. Thomas and R. C. Wrougliton on

fuscous ; second s.m. about as broad as high, receiving first

r. n. almost at its end. Legs black, with black hair; spurs

clear ferruginous ; apical fimbria and hair of underside of

abdomen black j abdomen very feebly punctured, second

segment without any visibly depressed area.

Hob. Boulder, Colorado, May 21, 1906 {Glenn Hite).

A most unexpected find, like nothing I have seen from

America, but closely allied to the European A. falva.

Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.,

Feb. 3, 1907.

XLTII. — New Mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo,

mostly from the Collections made during the Alexander-

Oosling Expedition. By Oldfield Thomas and B. C.

Weoughton.

It is hoped that a general account of the zoological collections

made during the recent Alexander-Gosling expedition from

Nigeria by way of Lake Chad to Shari, Oubangui, and

Welle to the Upper Nile will be published later, but in the

meanwhile such new mammals as we have been able to

distinguish are here described.

Both Capt. Gosling, whose death we have to deplore, and

Mr. Boyd Alexander took very great interest in the collec-

tion of mammals, and considering the difficulties inseparable

from such an expedition the number and condition of the

specimens obtained afford striking testimony to the pains

they took in this direction. As a result they have discovered

a remarkable number of new and interesting forms, one of

these, Colomys Goslingi, representing a new genus.

We have also included descriptions of a few other mammals

from the same area, their characteristics having become

evident during the work on the Alexander-Gosling specimens.

The whole of the collections obtained by the expedition

have been presented to the National Museum by Mr. Boyd

Alexander and the executors of Capt. Gosling.

Rhynchocyon Claudi, sp. n.

A white-tailed Rhynchocyon, with the usual pattern

brightly marked ; about the size of Stuhlmanni, Mats.

General ground-colour above a rather bright red-brown

(darker and less bright in the female), below a bright orange-

buff. A patch behind the ears, and the checks, a lighter

neio Mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo. 37 L

shade ; two dark (almost black) streaks from the shoulders

to the tail, broken at regular intervals, from the middle of

the back backwards, by whitish-buff spots; outside these on

each side two other dark stripes, not extending quite so far

forward as the median pair, broken by five and four pale

spots (the general effect is that of a rather regular chess-

board pattern on the lower back, rump, and haunches).

Individual hairs of the back, outside the pattern-area, grey at

their bases, then a bright buff (almost orange) with black

tips, the black tips varying very much in length, from two

thirds the whole length of the hair to 1 or 2 mm. only at the

distal end. Fore feet dark-coloured, clothed with short

hairs which are black at base and tip, with a median bright

buff ring ; hind feet still more sparsely clothed with even

shorter hairs of the same pattern. Tail at base black for a

short distance (30-35 mm.), then white and clothed with

sparse, very short, white hairs.

The measurements of the type specimen are as follows : —

Head and body 314 mm. ; tail 222; hind foot 80; ear 30.

Skull : greatest length 67 (circ.) ; length of nasals 19 ;

length of frontal suture 27*5 ; greatest breadth 35 ; inter-

orbital breadth 22 ; length of palate 35 ; length to

inclusive 20.

Hah. Beritio, Welle River.

Type. Old male. Original number 58. Collected Feb-

ruary 14th, 1906, by Mr. Boyd Alexander. (Four specimens

and a young skull examined.)

The present species is at once separable from all others

except Stuhlmanni by its white tail, and from that it differs

by its paler brighter colouring. In the type of Claudi, though

a very old animal, the chessboard pattern on the back is

brightly and clearly marked.

We have named this handsome species and the duiker

described further on in honour of Major Claud Alexander,

the leader of the Alexander-Gosling Expedition up to the

time of his death.

Erinaceus spicalus^ sp. n.

A medium-sized hedgehog, belonging to the group with

four toes, with the colouring and short slender spines of

alhiventris.

Spines short (15 mm.), slender and absent on the summit

of the crown along a band about 5 mm. broad.

Ear of medium size, smaller than in Adansoni from

Senegal, but larger than in the Soudanese alhiventris. Hind

372 ]\Iessrs. 0. Thomas and 1\. C. Wrougliton on

foot larger than in either of these species. The claws of the

toes (especially of the two inner) exceptionally long and

stout, even more so than in Adansoni ; that of the innermost

toe measures 7x2^ mm.

Skull in size as in Adansoni, but that of the latter much

stouter and broader : thus, in Adansoni the width of the

brain-case at the roots of the zygomata is 19*5 mm., against

18*3 in the present species; similarly the breadth at the

postorbital constriction and that across the zygomata are 11

and 30 mm., as compared with 10’3 and 26. In Adansoni

the sagittal crest is strongly defined and carried forward to

the middle of the frontals, while in spiculus it is much less

distinct and cannot be traced beyond the front edge of the

parietals. In Adansoni the nasals (15 mm.) are longer than

in spiculus (12‘5 mm.), but nevertheless the muzzle is

shorter ; the distance from the front of p^ to the front of i^

in the two species is 10 and 11 mm. respectively.

The following are measurements of the type (those of the

body taken in the flesh) : —

Head and body 220 mm. ; tail 10; hind foot 30 ; ear 20.

Skull : greatest length 44 ; palatal length 26 ; brain-case,

breadth 18'3 ; zygomatic breadth 26; length p^, and

10.

Hah, Maifoni, near Lake Chad.

Type. Old male (skin and skull). Original number 18.

Collected by Mr. Boyd Alexander on 17tli January, 1905.

(Three specimens examined.)

The nearest neighbours of spiculus are alhivent'ris, Wagn.,

from the Soudan and Adansoni, Bochebrune, from Senegal.

It resembles albiventris externally by its short fine spines,

but is distinguishable from it by its longer hind foot and

very much stronger toe-claws. In skull-characters it approxi-

mates to Adansoni and is easily distinguishable from albi-

ventris by ils markedly larger molars, broader para- and

mesopteiygoid fossas, and especially by the absence of the

frontal depression so marked in albiventris ; the points in

which it differs from Adansoni have already been noticed.

Poiana Pichardsoni ochracea, subsp. n.

A paler and more ochraceous form of P. Ricliardsoni.

General characters, so far as can be judged from a native

skin, as in P. lliclmrdsoni, but the spots are smaller and more

scattered, and the ground-colour is nearer “ clay-colour,’*’ but

verging slightly towards tawny. Under surface, instead of

being nearly white, of a bright buffy ochraceous colour.

new Mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo. 373

Limbs approximately clay-colour. Ground-colour of tail like

body, the dark rings rather narrower than in Richardsoni]

no trace of the fine intermediate dark rings generally present

between the broad ones.

Size apparently rather less than in true Richardsoni.

Hah. Near Yambuya, Aruwimi Kiver, Congo (about 25°

E., 1° N.).

Type. Native skin without skull. B.M. no. 7.1. 2. 4.

Obtained by E,. B. Woosnam.

This beautiful eastern representative of the West-African

Poiana Richardsoni may be readily recognized by the marked

difference in its general body-colour.

Crossarchus Alexandria sp. n.

Allied to C. ohscurusy but larger and with much longer

skull.

General appearance very much as in G. obscurus, the long

loose coat and grizzled colour as in that animal, tliough the

general tone is not so dark. Fur, when the animal is in full

pelage, very long, the hairs from 50 to 60 mm. in length; an

underfur of short woolly hairs present in some specimens.

General colour a coarse mixture of black and pale clay-colour,

the dorsal hairs pale clay-colour for their basal half (an

inconspicuous dark ring present about the middle of their

lower half), then broadly black, with a terminal or subterminal

band of dull whitish. Wool-hairs pale brown basally, lighter

terminally. Under surface similar, but the browner basal

part of the pelage more obvious. Crown and middle line of

face blackish brown, sometimes sharply contrasted with the

grey or buffy cheeks and sides of muzzle. Ears pale brown.

Lips and chin pale buffy. Upper surface of forearms, hands,

and feet black. Claws very large, the anterior longer than

the posterior. Tail long-liaired at base, evenly tapering,

mixed black and greyish like the body.

In some specimens, taken probably at a different season,

the long loose hairs are few or absent, and the whole body is

clothed in a short coat of greyish underfur.

Skull conspicuously different from that of C. obscurus by

its very much greater length, the breadth being about the

same. Teeth much longer throughout.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) : —

Head and body 450 mm. ; tail (c.) 290 ; hind foot (s. u.) 77 ;

longest front claw (above) 14*5 ; longest hind claw 9.

Skull: condylo-basal length 81; basilar length 74*8;

greatest breadth 36*3 ; length of nasals in middle line 15*3 ;

374 Messrs. 0. Thomas and R. C. Wroughton on

interorbital breadth 15 ; mastoid breadth 31 ; palatal

length 44*5 ; breadth of palate outside 23*2 ; greatest

diameter of 7*1, of rn? 5*7, of 5*1.

Hah, Northern Congo. Type from Banzyville, Ubanghi.

Type obtained from a trader by Mr. Boyd Alexander. Five

specimens examined.

This remarkable species differs widely from any previously

known, its nearest ally, G. ohscurusy being only about two

thirds its size.

It is a curiously variable animal, both in colour and in the

condition of its pelage, though this latter may be a question

of season. A young example obtained by Emin Pasha in

Niam-Niam is absolutely without the long hairs characteristic

of two of the Alexander-Gosling specimens, while a third

is in an intermediate condition.

An example of Crossarchus DyhowsMiy Pousargues, was

also obtained by the Expedition.

Crossarchus Talhoti, sp. n.

A striped Crossarchus of medium size and very pale

coloration.

Hair of back short (15-20 mm.) and rather harsh.

The usual colour-pattern of the group; ground-colour a

dingy white, grizzled with black on the neck and shoulders,

and becoming pinkish buff'’"’ when alternating with black

in the stripes of the back.

Approximate dimensions : —

Head and body 450 mm.; tail 300.

Hah, Bornu, North Nigeria.

Type, Adult. B.M. no. 5,5.13.2. Collected by Mr. P.

A. Talbot and presented to the Natural History Museum.

A second specimen (young) which had been kept in

captivity by Capt. Gosling shows that the pale coloration is

quite normal and not an individual characteristic.

The species most resembling Talhoti is somalicusy Thos. ;

but in that species the dark stripes of the colour-pattern are

rather dark brown than black, while the paler are a red-

brown approaching hazel,” so that the pattern is obscured,

while in Talhoti the contrast between the black and pale bars

is strongly marked, though the general colour is even paler

than in somalicus. The short hair of Talhoti serves further

to distinguish it from the long-haired (40 mm.) somalicus^

and, lastly, it has a black tip to the tail which is wanting in

somalicus.

new Mammah from Lake Chad and the Congo. 375

Lycaon 'pictns aharicus., sp. n.

A medium-sized, bright-coloured Lycaon with very short

hair.

Size intermediate between typical pictus from Nyasa and

pictus lupinus from British East Africa.

Hair short (15 mm.), but not so short as in L. p. somalicus.

The hair of neck behind ears, above and below, lengthened

(*20-25 mm.), suggesting a ruff; that of distal § of tail long

(60 mm.).

General colour above ochraceous buff, somewhat irregularly

mottled with black and in the type specimen with some white

blotches on the back ; below mottled white, buff, and dark

brown, the hair of the belly, however, so short and sparse

that the mottled skin shows through, looking almost naked.

Muzzle black as far as the eyes, behind the eyes as far as

the ears buffy similar to the ground-colour of the back,

but very much less orange ; a black median line on crown,

extending along neck and indistinctly along back ; tail for

first third rich buffy, remainder black except for a con-

spicuous white patch almost immediately following the buffy

basal portion and for the white tip. Chin dark brown, almost

black. Anterior throat, corresponding with neck behind the

ears above, mottled black and white. All hairs the same

colour from base to tip.

Skull resembling that of typical pictus^ especially in the

narrowness between the orbits, but the brain-case distinctly

fuller than in that form ; pterygoid fossa narrow, greatest

width 22 mm. against 25 mm. in p. lupinus and 27 mm. in

typical pictus ] bullae smaller than in typical pictus^ about

as in lupinus. Teeth small, much smaller than in pictus^

smaller even than in lupinus.

The following are measurements : —

Head and body 1030 mm. ; tail 360 ; hind foot 212 ;

ear 110.

Skull; greatest length 207 ; basal length 178; length of

nasals diagonally 66 ; interorbital breadth 38 ; breadth of

brain-case 68 ; palate length 95 ; length of upper carnassial

19*5 ; greatest breadth of same 9 ; length of bullas 28.

Hah, Maui, Shari River.

Type, Adult female. Original number 36. Collected

lOlh May, 1905, by Capt. G. B. Gosling.

The colour-pattern is more nearly bilaterally symmetrical

than in any other specimen in the Museum, but probably this is

an indiviuual character. Its smaller size serves to distinguish

sharicus from typical pictus^ as its greater size does from

376 Messrs. 0. Thomas and R. C. Wrougliton on

hipinm, while its short fur differentiates it from all other

forms exeept pictm somalicus^ Tlios. This last form has still

shorter hair than sharicus and is very markedly smaller.

Mellivora concisa^ sp. n.

A medium-sized Mellivora with the usual white mantle

wanting on the rump and tail.

Size smaller than in typical ratel.

Hair of back 30 mm. long.

Colour-pattern as in most of the members of the genus,

i. e. black with a mantle of white extending from the forehead

to halfway down the tail, except that the white begins to die

out in the median line from about the middle of the back

posteriorly, disappearing completely on the rump and base of

the tail.

Skull not differing materially from that of ratel, except in

its markedly smaller size.

Measurements of the type (those of the body taken in the

flesh) : —

Head and body 580 mm. ; tail 153 ; hind foot 94; ear 19.

Skull : greatest length 135 ; basal length 125 ; breadth of

brain-case 60 ; interorbital breadth 33 ; palatal length 63 ;

length of upper carnassial 12’5 ; greatest breadth of

same 11*3.

Hah. Yo, Lake Chad.

Type. Adult male. Original number 62. Collected 7th

December, 1904, by Capt. G. B. Gosling.

The complete absence of white on the rump and base of the

tail suffices to distinguish M. concha at a glance from any other

form. Even should this modification of the usual colour-

pattern prove hereafter to be merely individual, which,

however, is most improbable, its marked inferiority in size

justifies its separation from typical ratel.

Funisciurus Alexandri, sp. n.

A small Fimisciurus of the same pattern as Emini, Stuhl.,

but much smaller.

Fur soft but short (8 mm. on the back).

General colour above a greenish yellow, approaching

'^olive-buff” of Ridgway ; from the shoulders to tlie base of

the tail a broad (5 mm.) median band, reddish orange in

colour, flanked on each side by a black band half its width,

and outside these again by a narrow pale yellowish band on

each side. Colour below the same as the ground-colour of

the back, but tinged with bright can:iry-ycllow, ospeeially on

new Mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo, 377

the throat and chest. The ground-colour of the back extends

over the whole head and face, except the ears, which are

conspicuously white. The hairs of the tail (about 15 mm.)

ringed pale and dark and pale tipped, except those at the

extreme tip, which are longer and broadly black tipped.

Skull, though smaller in all ways, shaped much as in

Emini ; interorbital area, however, proportionally much

broader and distinctly flatter, and postorbital processes very

much further back than in Emini,

The following are measurements of the type specimen, the

body-dimensions being those recorded by the collector : —

Head and body 110 mm. ; tail 115; hind foot 26; ear 13.

Skull : greatest length 30 ; basilar length 22 ; brain-

case 14’5 ; interorbital breadth 9 ; length of nasals 8*5 ;

upper tooth-row 5*3; true molars 3-7; bullae 7. (The

measurements of the second specimen scarcely differ from

these.)

Hab. Gudima, R. Iri, Upper Welle.

Type, An adult male. Original no. 122. Collected on

29th August, 1906, by Mr. Boyd Alexander, (Two speci-

mens examined.)

Its small size and conspicuous white ears suffice to distin-

guish Alexandri at a glance from any other species.

Funisciurus AntonicB, sp. n.

A very small striped species, like F, Alexandria but the

ears not white and the striping different.

Size slightly greater than in F, Alexandria with which it

forms a special section of the group characterized by small

size and the short blunt-nosed skull. General grouna-colour

pale greenish yellow, paler and greyer than in F, Bbhmi and

Alexandri, Striping of back exactly as in F, Bbhmi Emini,

i, e, with four distinct black stripes, but the outer narrow

pair only running halfway up the body from the loins.

Median pale stripe about 5 mm. broad, pale yellowish ; outer

light stripes 2|-3 mm. broad, yellowish white, whiter than

the median. Head of the general ground-colour, a dark

mark running through the eye, slight in front of it, distinct

behind it, succeeded below by a yellow line from whiskers to

ear ; upper eyelid also yellow. Ears of the general pale

greenish-yellow colour, not conspicuously white as in

F, Alexandri, Under surface broadly washed from chin to

anus with bright yellowish buff. Limbs yellowish grey

externally, buffy on their inner aspects. Tail slender, grizzled

black and pale yellow, as in the allied species.

Skull larger than that of F, Alexandri, but of the same

Ann, & Mag, N, Hist, Ser. 7. Vol, xix. 27

378 Messrs. 0. Thomas and Ji. C. Wrougliton on

general shape, much shorter than in F. Bohmi. Upper

ineisors very pale yellow in front.

])imensions ot the type (measured in the flesh) ; —

Head and body 104 rnm.; tail 126; hind foot 25; ear 12.

Skull: greatest length 31*5; basilar length 24*2; greatest

breadth 19*4; interorbital breadth 9*6; palatilar length 12*2 ;

length of upper tooth series (exclusive of the minute 5*1.

Hah. Ponthierville, above Stanley Falls, Upper Congo.

Alt. 2000'.

7ype. Adult female. Original number 351. Collected 21st

February, 1907, by Douglas Carruthers. Two specimens.

This beautiful little squirrel is no doubt most nearly allied

to F. Alexandri of the Welle, but in colour it almost exactly

mimics the much larger F. Bohmi Emini which occurs

with it.

Tatera lacustris, sp. n.

A Tatera of the Emini group, paler coloured than that

species and with smaller bullae.

Size about the same as Emini', fur long and fine, length

on the back 15 mm., against 10 mm. in Emini', general

colour above a rusty buff, pure on the flanks, much grizzled

with black on the back, below pure white. Basal three

fourths of dorsal hairs a silvery grey, tips buff, but in a

certain percentage of the hairs of the back the terminal

fourth is black. Cheeks, a patch above the eye and one

behind the ears, and the whole of the under surface and inner

sides of the limbs pure white. Tail above coloured like the

back, below a silvery buff ; hairs of terminal third length-

ened to form a tuft, which is markedly darker than the rest

of the body.

Skull almost as in Eminij but the nasals a shade longer

and narrower, giving the skull a lighter appearance, and the

interparietal more horizontal, making the skull slightly

longer. The bullae appreciably smaller than in Emini.

The following are measurements of some specimens : —

new Mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo, 379

Hah, Lake Chad.

Type, An adult male. Original number 14. Collected

by Capt. G. B. .Gosling on the 9th February, 1905. (Nine

specimens examined.)

Wroughton, in his key to the genus Tatera (Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. xvii. 1906, p. 477), placed Emini by itself at the

end of the N.- African forms as the only species with a band

of hair across the sole of the foot. Since then Thomas has

described Harringtoni from Abyssinia (Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist, xviii., Oct. 1906, p. 303), which has the same character,

and the present is a third species to be now added to the

group. They may be fitted into Wroughton’s key as

follows : —

Sect. II. — B. h. Band of hair across sole of foot.

a^. Size larger (head and body 140 mm., hind foot

30). Colour darker ; lengthened hairs of tail

extending over more than half its length.

Length of skull 36 mm. ; upper molar series

5-2 ; hullse 10 4

A*. Size larger (head and body 120 mm., hind

foot 30). Colour paler ; lengthened hairs of

tail extending over distal third of tail only.

Length of skull 36 mm. ; upper molar series 5’6 ;

bullae 9

«*. Size smaller (head and body 100 mm., hind

foot 28). Colour darker; lengthened hairs

of tail extending over more than half its

length. Length of skull 30’7 mm. ; upper

molar series 4 ’3 ; bullae 9

COLOMYS^, gen. nov. (Alurince),

Like Malacomys and Deomys in external form, with simi-

larly elongated feet, but the skull wholly different from that

of either. Teeth strictly murine.

General form light and slender. Ears large. Forearms

thin; thumb with a somewhat elongated nail. Hind limbs

also very slender, the feet much lengthened, especially in the

metatarsal region ; metatarsi apparently somewhat loosely

bound together, as though they might splay out from each

other in walking on swampy soil. Tail of medium length,

very thinly haired, not pencilled.

Skull of medium proportions, not in the least elongate

as it is in Malacomys, Supraorbital and parietal regions

scarcely ridged. Anterior plate of zygoma-root not projected

forward, its front edge barely anterior to that of the

bridge above. Palatal foramina large and open, but on the

• KcoXop, a limb. The Greek term for stilts, KooXo^aOpov, is based on

this word.

Emini.

lacuatris.

Harringtoni.

27*

'^S0 Messrs. O. Thomas and C. Wrougliton on

posterior third of the septum between them there are a pair of

horizontal bony expansions projecting laterally and partly

closing the foramina below. Palation just a little behind the

back of level with the front edge of the parapterygoid

fossae ; these fossae are broad and well defined anteriorly, but

posteriorly the ectopterygoids soon become obsolete. Bullae

of medium proportions.

Incisors narrow, simple, flat or faintly concave in front, but

they cannot be said to be grooved. Molars essentially as in

Alus (comparison made with Al. rattus)^ but the pattern

rather more zigzagged, the median and lateral cusps higher

and the valleys between them deeper. No trace of postero-

internal secondary cusps, but on there is a small antero-

external as well as the usual large antero-internal cusp.

Cusps of lower molars very upright, not or but little slanted

forwards ; minute extra cusps present externally between the

second and third lamiiise of and the two laminae of also

mesially at the hinder edge of both and m2 ; m3 distinctly

bilaminate, the second lamina rather more than half the

breadth of the first.

Type. Colomys Goslingi^ sp. n.

This striking genus has clearly no real relationship to the

other long-footed forms, Malacomys and Deomys^ found in the

same region. Deomys is a member of the Dendrorayinae and

Malacomys has an elongated skull, dififerent in almost every

detail from that of Colomys.

We have therefore here a very interesting case of geogra-

phical isomorphism, three unrelated genera all showing the

same elongated metatarsi, and we trust that some observer

on the spot may be able to discover what special form of

surroundings has produced their common characteristic.

Colomys Gosliiigi^ sp. n.

About half the bulk of Mus rattus. Fur short, rather

crisp and velvety in texture, but not spiny ; hairs of back

7-8 mm. in length. General colour above between wood-

brown and cinnamon, a posterior dorsal area more blackened.

Under surface pure sharply defined white, the hairs white to

their bases ; line of demarcation very high on cheeks and

sides, fully halfway up the body, the white area taking in

the whole of the fore limbs, which are white throughout, but

the hind limbs have a narrow darker line running down

behind them to the ankles. Ears fairly large, practically

naked, grey ; a prominent white spot on the side of the head

below the notch. Upper surface of hands white, of feet

flesh-colour. Tail finely ^scaled, 12 scales to the centimetre.

new Mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo. 381

practically naked, the few hairs at the end about a milli-

metre in length, uniformly grey above and below.

Skull and teeth as described above.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) : —

Head and body (c.) 140 mm.; tail 156; hind foot 38*5 ;

ear (c.) 17.

Skull : greatest length 32*5 ; basilar length 26 ; zygo-

matic breadth 15’8 ; nasals 12*2 x 4 ; interorbital breadth 4*8 ;

brain-case, breadth 14 ; interparietal 5 x 10*5 ; anterior

zygomatic plate 2*4 ; palatilar length 15 ; diastema 9*1 ;

palatal foramina 7*2 x 3’2 ; length of upper molar series 5*2.

Hab. Gambi, Welle R.^

Tyjpe. Adult male. Original number G. B. G. 92. Col-

lected 31st January, 1906, by Capt. G. B. Gosling. One

specimen only.

Monbuttu name Monbongolo.^’ — G. B. G.

We have named this handsome species, the type of a most

distinct new genus, in honour of its captor, Capt. Gosling,

whose untimely death has deprived science of one who took

an intense interest in the collection of Mammalia, and who we

had hoped would have taken up their study at home with the

same zeal that he devoted to their capture abroad.

Thamnomys kuru, sp. n.

A Thamnomys of the venustus-rutilans group, but markedly

smaller than either of those species.

Fur of back rather long (10 mm.) and silky. General

colour above dark brown, grizzled with yellowish buff, below

white, more or less stained with pinkish buff.

Whole upper surface of body a dark brown grizzled wdth

orange-buff (the hairs dark slate-colour, a large proportion,

almost all at the root of the tail, tipped with orange-buff, the

remainder with very dark brown, almost black), paling rather

suddenly at the sides into the white of the belly (the hairs of

which are white to their bases), a certain amount of orange-

or pinkish-buff suffusion modifying the white colour of the

under surface of the body, especially on the chest and on

inner side of limbs. Tail dark, regularly but sparsely clothed

on proximal half with very short brown hairs, thence distally

length of hairs increasing until at tip they measure 5-6 mm.

in length ; rings of tail 20-21 to the inch.

The skull much smaller than in rutilans ; comparing with

a specimen of that species of like age from the Cameroons

the skull is one fifth shorter and proportionally narrower and

the upper molar series is 5*5 mm. only, instead of 6’2 mm.

The first and second molars show the characteristic third

3S2 Messrs. 0. Thomas and R. C. VVh’ougliton on

postero-internal cusp quite as plainly as either venustus or

rutilans.

Dimensions of the type (taken on the skin) : —

Head and body 135 mm. ; tail 160 ; hind foot 24 ; ear 15.

Skull : greatest length 29 ; basilar length 23 ; greatest

breadth 15 ; nasals 10 ; interorbital breadth 5’6 ; brain-case

breadth 12*7 ; palatilar length 12*5 ; diastema 8 ; palatal

foramina 6’5 ; upper molar series 5*5.

Mr. Alexander has recorded the body-dimensions of

another specimen (skull missing), taken the same day and

obviously older, as follows : — Head and body 145 mm. ;

tail 200 ; hind foot 35 (? 25) ; ear 15. These measure-

ments agree fairly closely, but for the shorter ear, with those

of rutilans and venustus.

Hah. Angu, Welle River.

Type. Young adult female. Original number 87. Col-

lected by Capt. G. B. Gosling on the 30th January, 1906.

This species, though undoubtedly closely allied to venustus

and rutilansj and, except for the smaller ears and some small

differences of fur, texture, and colour, not easy to distinguish

externally, is readily separable by the smaller skull and

teeth.

Lophuromys major^ sp. n.

A large Lophuromys about the size of Ansorgei^ de Wint.,

but with the colouring of aquilus. True.

General colour above a very dark brown, minutely speckled

with cinnamon, merging without any sharply defined line

into ‘‘ vinaceous cinnamon ” below.

Hair of the back &c. rather short (8 mm.), shorter than in

Ansorgeiy rather harsher than in aquilus and much more so

than in Ansorgei ; basal ^ or f of each hair cinnamon, the

remainder black, with a subtermiiial cinnamon ring ; on the

belly the hairs of one colour from base to tip. Crown of head

and face coloured like the back ; ears and tail looking almost

naked to the unaided eye, but covered with minute black

hairs through which the skin-colour shows. Chin, throat,

and inner side of limbs coloured like the belly, but in a

rather darker shade.

Skull markedly larger than in any other species of Lophu-

romys except Ansorgeiy with which it closely agrees in size

and shape. Teeth as in Ansorgei.

Dimensions (those of the body measured in the flesh) : —

Head and body 145 mm. ; tail 72; hind foot 25; ear 15.

Skull: palatilar length 15 ; brain-case breadth 13 ; inter-

new ^lammah from Lake Chad and the Congo, 383

orbital breadth 7 ; length of nasals 14*7 ; upper molar tooth-

row 5‘5.

LJab, Bwanda, R. Ubanghi.

Type. Old male. Original no. 44. Collected bj Mr. Bojd

Alexander, 25th December, 1905.

The species at present known in this genus fall into three

well-marked colour-groups, viz. : — (1) general colour without

any speckling, either dark brown, as in sikapusi from the

West Coast and Ansorgei from Lake Victoria, or olive-grey,

as in Woosnami ; (2) general colour a dark brown, finely

speckled with dark butf or cinnamon, as in aquilus from

Kilimanjaro and the present form ; and (3) general colour a

dark brown, coarsely speckled with pale buff or yellow, as

in Jlavopunctatus from the extreme north-east of Africa. By

its colouring the present species falls in the aquilus group,

but is markedly larger than any form in that group, and

though it closely agrees in all dimensions with Ansorgei ^

it is sharply differentiated from all the sikapusi group by

its colouring.

Lophuromys laticeps, sp. n.

Near L. aquilus-, the brain-case broader and lower and

the palatal foramina shorter.

External characters very much as in L. aquilus, though

the speckling may be a tritie stronger. General colour of the

same warm vandyke-brown above and dull russet below. In

a young specimen the posterior back is unspeckled, as in

L. sikapusi, and the belly is more strongly tawny.

Skull shorter and broader than in L. aquilus, the brain-case

peculiarly broad, rounded and low, the height from bulla to

crown a millimetre or more less than in that species ; ridges

practically undeveloped behind postorbital processes ; ante-

rior root of zygoma projected forward as in aquilus, not

narrow and slanting as in L, Woosnami ; palatal foramina

unusually short, widely open.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) : —

Head and body 108 mm. ; tail (broken, in an immature

specimen 54 mm.) ; hind foot 20 ; ear 18.

Ski^ll : greatest length 29 3; basilar length 24; zygo-

matic breadth 15*2; nasals, length 11*5; interorbital

breadth 6’3; breadth of brain-case 13‘7 ; height of brain-

case including bullae 10'6; palatilar length 12; palatal

foramina 6’2 ; length of upper molar series 5.

Jdab. Lake Kivu. Alt. 4900'.

384 Messrs. O. Thomas and R. C. Wroughton on

Type. Adult female in British Museum. Original num-

ber *318. Collected 29th November, 1906, by Douglas

Carruthers. A second (immature) specimen from the

Mfumbiro volcanoes.

This species is no doubt closely allied to tlie common

L, aquilus of British East Africa, but may be distinguished

by its differently shaped brain-case and shorter palatal

foramina.

Thryonomys Harrisoni, sp. n.

A Thryonomys of the gregorianus-Sclateri group, more

closely allied to the former ; the remarkable postorbital pro-

cesses so characteristic of the latter entirely absent.

Size, judging from the skulls, rather larger than in

gregorianus.

As compared with the skull of gregorianus that of Harrisoni

is markedly longer and narrower ; the frontal depressions less

marked ; postorbital processes even less developed ; the

lacrymal bone smaller and the anterior edge of malar broader,

so that the distance between these two bones is very markedly

smaller, scarcely more than one third the same distance in

gregorianus) the nasals longer and the portion of the pre-

maxillary flanking them narrower. The following measure-

ments taken on the type skulls of the two species demonstrate

these differences very clearly : —

Harrisoni. gregorianus.

Greatest length 91 82

Greatest breadth 52 54

Nasals, length 30 26'5

Frontals, length 25*5 23

Interorbital breadth 28’5 30

Greatest width of rostrum posteriorly, I ^4

Posterior breadth of nasals . 13 13

Distance on the orbit between malar I c.fr 9

and lacrymal \

Upper molar series 16 16

Hah. Loka, 60 miles S.W. of Fort Berkeley, Lado

District.

Type. Skull and imperfect skin. B.M. no. 4.9.28.2.

Collected and presented by Col. J. J. Harrison.

Lepus chadensis^ sp. n.

A very pale-coloured long-eared hare of rather large size.

Size rather larger than in cethiopicus^ Hawker ij &c.

neio Mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo. 385

Fur of back short (15 mm.), but soft and silky.

General colour above a drab-grey, with only a very faint

buffy suffusion on the back ; below pure white. Eye-ring

white ; exterior margin of ears white, inner margin fringed

with pale buff ; fringe at tip of ears black outside, pale buff

inside. Chin white ; neck, above to half the length of the

ears, below to the level of the fore legs, pinkish buff.” The

hairs of the back pale grey from their bases for half their

length, remaining half about equally black and pale buff.

Measurements of the type (taken in the flesh) : —

Head and body 434 mm. ; tail 115 ; hind foot 121 ; ear 97.

Hah. Kadde, Lake Chad.

Type. Adult male. Original number 19. Collected by

Mr. Boyd Alexander on 29th December, 1904.

The present species very closely resembles L. Hawkerij

Thos., from the Soudan, which, however, is smaller, darker,

and more sandy-coloured.

Cephalophus rufilatus ruhidtor^ subsp. n.

A Cephalophus related to rufilatus^ Gr., from Gambia, of

about the same size, but much redder in colour.

Fur rather long and harsh. General colour a dark red-

brown, near ‘‘burnt-sienna,^^ with a narrow median dorsal

patch much darker, with a slight bluish tinge. Below a paler

shade of the dorsal colour.

Colour-pattern as in rufilatus^ the dark dorsal area hardly

so sharply defined, the “ ochraceous buff ” ground-colour of

that species replaced by “ burnt-sienna,” and the “ smoke-

grey ” of the nape, dorsal patch, and feet by slate-grey.”

Chin and inner side of thighs white in both forms.

Skull entirely as in rufilatus, except that the bullae are

larger.

Dimensions of type : —

Head and body 800 mm. ; tail 115 ; hind foot 65; ear 65.

Skull : greatest length 155 ; basilar length 135 ; greatest

breadth 68 ; length of nasals 50 ; length of rostrum in front

of orbit 74 ; length of frontals 65; bullae 22’5.

Hah. Basin of the Upper Welle.

Type. Young adult male. Original number 65. Collected

by Mr. Boyd Alexander on 30th January, 1906.

A second specimen, obtained at the same time and place,

though a female and younger, is exactly like the type. Con-

sidering the great distance separating the habitat of this form

from that of rufilatus on the Gambia, it is perfectly clear that

3SG Messrs. O. Thomas and R. C. Wroughton on

it should be distinguished from that animal ; but as the

Museum contains a specimen (unfortunately quite young)

from Nigeria which seems to be intermediate between the

two, we prefer for the present to consider it merely as a

subspecies.

Cephalophus Claudi^ sp. n.

A Cephalophus allied to and about the size of nigrifrons^

Gray, from the Gaboon, but much darker and richer in

colour.

Fur as in mgrifrons. General colour above near “ burnt-

sienna ” ; only slightly paler on the haunches and belly.

Colour-pattern of the head and face as in nigrifronSj but

the actual colours darker; a strong suffusion of black on the

shoulders : tail for basal third of its length same colour as

back ; second third very sparsely covered wdth long whitish

hairs ; terminal third forming a w^ell-furnished black tuft, the

extreme tip with tendency to show white. Throat, belly,

and inner side of limbs only slightly paler than back ; the

belly W'ith a median dark stripe from the chest to the navel.

The fore legs blue ” (as in nigrifrons and many others),

but the body-colour extending down to the metatarsus, much

lower than in nigrifrons.

Skull : as compared with that of nigrifrons markedly

longer in front of the orbit, narrower between the orbits,

flatter on the forehead ; teeth markedly broader ; bullae

larger.

Dimensions of the type (taken in the skin) : —

Head and body 920 mm. ; tail 150; hind foot 210 ; ear 85.

Skull : greatest length 185 ; basilar length 170 ; greatest

breadth 77 ; length of rostrum in front of orbit 102 ; length

of nasals 75; length of frontals 70; interorbital breadth 38 ;

bull^ 27.

Bob. Bambili, Welle Basin.

Type, Adult female. Original number 118. Collected

by Capt. G. B. Gosling on 15th April, 1906.

Cephalophus rubidus, Thos., from Ruwenzori is, equally

with nigrifrons^ closely related to the present form. The

presence of a white chin-patch and the complete absence of

the dark mantle, belly-stripe, and colouring above the hock

suffice to distinguish it from Claudi. The skull-characters

indicated above as separating the present form from nigrifrons

differentiate it still more markedly from rubidus, as is shown

by the following comparative measurements : —

V

neio Mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo, 387

Oarehia GosUngi, sp. n.

An Ourehia of the size of hastata^ Peters, from Nyasa,

larger than kenyoe^ Meinertzh., of British East Africa, and

with longer horns than montana, Cretzschm., from the Soudan,

with a striking black patch on the forehead between the horns,

extending on to the base of the ears.

Colour-pattern and colouring as in other members of the

genus, but there is a distinct darkening of the back (even

blackish in the type specimen), and a well-marked black

patch on the forehead between the horns, extending on to the

bases of the ears, curiously recalling the somewhat similar

marking in the very distinct 0. oribi of S. Africa.

Skull only equalled in size by that of hastata ; distinguished

by a marked and characteristic convexity of the rostrum,

commencing in front of the frontal depression, and extending

to the unusually depressed tips of the nasals. Horns longer

than in montana^ but shorter and slighter than in kenyce.

Dimensions of the type : —

Head and body 940 mm.; tail 94; hind foot 300;

ear 107.

Skull: greatest length 182; basilar length 160; greatest

width 73; length of rostrum in front of orbit 98; length of

nasals 65 ; length of frontals 56 ; interorbital breadth 44 ;

bullae 20.

Hah. Niangara, Upper Welle Basin.

Type. Adult female. Original number 125. Collected

by Capt. G. B. Gosling on 9th June, 1906. (Examined two

complete specimens and one head-skin and skull.)

The frontal black patch of this species is a very distinctive

character, and is equally distinct in all three of the specimens

examined. In the Natural History Museum collection there

is a specimen of montana (?) from the White Nile which has

a distinct dark brown patch on the vertex ; this, however

does not extend on to the bases of the ears; in no other form

is a black patch like that of the present species to be found

except in the South African 0. oribi, a species geographi-

cally barred from any close affinity. The larger skull

differentiates 0. Goslingi from either montana or kenyce^

and from hastata it is separated as well by its geographical

position as by the peculiar profile of its skull and its black

frontal patch.

Prof. C. Cliilton on a

:]88

XLIV. — A new Freshwater Gammarid from New Zealand.

By Charles Chilton, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., Professor of

Biology, Canterbury College, New Zealand.

[Plate XL]

IbiROUGH tlie kindness of Mr. J. Crosby Smith, of Invercargill,

I am able to describe a new Gammarid from the surface

freshwaters of New Zealand. He obtained it from a small

pool near the top of Mt. Anglem in Stewart Island at a

height of about 2800 feet above sea-level. Unfortunately

only one specimen was obtained ; however, this is quite

sufficient for me to identify the animal satisfactorily, and

as it is undoubtedly different from any Gammarid hitherto

described from the freshwaters of New Zealand, I venture to

describe it as a new species. It is evidently pretty closely

allied to the subterranean species Phreatogammarus frag ills ^

and I am referring it to that genus, though it differs from

the definition of the genus as given by Mr. Stebbing in

having the first gnathopod distinctly smaller than the second

and of distinctly different form, for in his generic diagnosis

Mr. Stebbing says “ First and second gnathopods equal ”

His diagnosis was, however, drawn up from the single type

species, and where a genus is based on minute points of

difference as exhibited by a single species it is easy to restrict

the characters of a genus too narrowly. I give a brief

specific diagnosis and a fuller description of some points in

the single specimen I have examined.

Phreatogammarus propinquus, sp. n.

*(P1. XI. figs. 1-6.)

In general appearance, antennae, perseopoda, and uropoda

closely resembling P. fragilis, but differing in the gnathopoda.

First gnathopod smaller than second and of different form,

having carpus longer than propod, the latter widening distal ly

and with palm transverse. Second gnathopod with carpus

short, subtriangular ; pro[)od twice as long as carpus, ovoid ;

palm very oblique.

Colour nearly white.”

Length of body 5 mm.

Ilah. Small pool near top of Mt. Anglem, 2800 ft. above

sea, Stewart Island, New Zealand.

* ‘ Das Tierreich,’ Amphipodn, I. Gammaridea, p. 453.

new Freshwater Gammarid.

389

Bemarks, — I have given above the points that seem to

distinguish tliis species from P. fragilis. The following

fuller account is based on the single specimen before me : —

Body rather slender ; pleon-segments 4 to 6 with one or

two fine hair-like setae on dorsal surface, the fourth with a

stout spine on lower margin. Head without rostrum. First

antenna rather more than half as long as the body, first

joint with a tuft of small tactile setae on the upper margin

near the base, a few hair-like setae at the distal end, and a

small spine-like one on lower side of distal end ; second joint

about two thirds the length of first, with some slender setae

at extremity ; third joint about half as long as second ;

flagellum of about twenty joints, about twice as long as

peduncle ; accessory flagellum of four joints. Second an-

tenna about two thirds as long as first; flagellum shorter than

peduncle.

I have not examined the mouth-parts in detail, but they

appear to be closely similar to those of P . fragilis.

First gnathopod smaller than the second ; carpus longer

than propod, suboblong, posterior margin densely fringed

with setse, a few on the anterior margin ; propod widening

towards distal end, where its width is about equal to its

length ; palm transverse, well defined, 'with a few small spine-

like setae and some long hairs ; dactyl rather stout. Second

gnathopod with carpus short, triangular, produced on posterior

side into a rounded lobe bearing several fine setae ; propod

about twice as long as carpus, ovoid, narrowing distally, palm

very oblique, occupying two thirds length of posterior

margin, supplied with a double row of spine-like setae and a

few^ fine hairs ; dactyl rather stout, closely serrate on inner

margin. The third to fifth peraeopoda moderately long, but

not greatly increasing in length posteriorly, the last reaching

as far as the end of pleon ; in each the second joint (basos)

is moderately broad, about two thirds as broad as long.

First uropod with peduncle longer than the rami, its

upper margin with three small spines and a large one at

extremity ; rami equal, each with a few spine-like setse ;

second uropod similar, but with peduncle only as long as

rami ; third uropod extending much beyond the others,

peduncle only about one half as long as rami, which are equal,

not narrowing distally, and each with two groups of three

spines and a terminal tuft of setse. Lobes of telson with the

posterior margin rounded and bearing two or three fine

hairs.

When alive the animal was, Mr. Crosby Smith says,

390

Mr. G. A. Boulenger on

nearly white ” in colour ; whether it is blind or not I

cannot say for certain, but I can find no undoubted indications

of eyes in the specimen before me.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL

Phreatogammarus propinquus^ sp. n.

P'ig. 1. First antenna, X 60.

Fig. 2, Second antenna, X 60.

Fig. 3. First gnathopod, X 105.

Fig. 4. Second gnathopod, X 105.

Fig. 5. Fourth peraeopod, X 60.

Fig. 6. End of pleon with uropoda, X 60.

XLV. — On Barbus aureus, Cope, from Natal.

By G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S.

A FISH obtained by Dr. Alden Grout at Umvoti, near the

boundary between Natal and Zululaiid, was described by the

late Prof. E. D. Cope in 1869 (Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc. (2)

xiii. p. 406) under the name of Laheobarhus aureus. The

original description was so meagre as to make it impossible

to assign the species its position in the system. Having

recently had to describe several new Barbels from the eastern

parts of South Africa, I felt extremely anxious to know

something more of this Laheobarhus aureus^ the types of

which are preserved in the Museum of the Academy of

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. In answer to an application

made through my friend Dr. A. Erwin Brown, I have been

favoured by the Curator of the Museum with the loan of one

of the types, from which I have drawn up the following

definition. The other specimen, which I have not seen, has

been compared by Mr. W. H. Fowler, who states that he can

detect no difference of any importance between the two.

The fish is not referable to the group named Laheobarhus

by Euppell. It has the thin lips and the trenchant lower jaw

which characterize the genus Capoeta as defined by Gunther ;

but its affinities are with L. Bowkeri^ Blgr., from Natal,

which has the edge of the lower jaw rounded and the lower

lip continuous across the chin. It affords a further instance

of the unsatisfactory arrangement of the species of this genus

according to the structure of the mouth and lips, to which I

have alluded on previous occasions when describing species

from Morocco, Abyssinia, East Africa, and the Transvaal,

Jfat Jfist 5.7 VoLXlXPlXI

Qias Chilton, del

Phreatogammarus propinquus sp.nov

library

Of THE

UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS

Barbus aureus, Cope^from Natal, 391

which show remarkable agreement in all characters except

the mouth and lips.

Barbus aureus may be thus defined : —

Depth of body equal to length of head, 3§ times in total

length. Snout rounded, feebly projecting beyond the mouth,

\ length of head ; diameter of eye4J^ times in length of head,

interorbital width 3 times; mouth moderate, evenly curved,

its width 3J times in length of head ; lower jaw with a sharp

edge; lips thin, not extending across the chin; two pairs of

equal barbels, measuring diameter of eye. Dorsal III 8,

third ray not at all enlarged, articulated, smooth; the fin,

which is equally distant from the occiput and from the root

of the caudal fin, has the upper border concave, and its

longest ray measures f length of head. Anal III 5, longest

ray f length of head. Pectoral | length of head. Ventral

below^ origin of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal

peduncle once and ^ as long as deep. Scales 37 ^1, 2| be-

tween lateral line and root of ventral, 16 round caudal

peduncle.

Total length 195 mm.

As stated above, B, aureus resembles B. Bowheri^ differing

in the structure of the mouth. In this respect it agrees with

B. rhodesianusj Blgr., another close ally, in which, however,

the barbels are only about half the diameter of the eye and

the scales are larger (30-32 ||, 2J-3, 12). B. marequensis ^

A. Smith, to which Cope regarded B. aureus as most nearly

allied, has the lower lip continuous, longer barbels, the last

simple ray of the dorsal strong and bony, and larger scales

(33 I 3, 12).

392

j\Ir. G. A. Boulenger on

XLVI. — Description of a new Gyprinid Fish of the Genus

Labeo from the Transvaal. By G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S.

Laheo Ruddi.

Body strongly compressed, its depth 3| to 4 times in total

length ; length of head 4 J to 4J times in total length.

Snout rounded, J length of head ; eye perfectly lateral, 4J

times in length of head ; interorbital width half length of

head ; mouth rather small, its width 3^ times in length of

head ; lips without transverse plicje, with a fringe of conical

papillae; rostral lobe not fringed; no barbels. Dorsal III 9-10,

upper edge concave, last simple ray as long as or a little

shorter than head ; its distance from caudal equals its

distance from anterior border of eye. Anal III 5. Pectoral

a little shorter than head. Ventral below middle of dorsal.

Caudal peduncle once and J to once and ^ as long as deep.

Scales 40-41 p, 5 between lateral line and ventral, 18-20

round caudal peduncle. Dark olive-brown above, whitish

beneath.

Total length 210 mm.

Four specimens from the Klein Letaba, tributary of the

Olifant River (Limpopo System), obtained along with

L. Rosce^ Stdr., and L. Darlingi, Blgr., by Mr. Claud Grant

(Rudd Expedition to S. Africa) in August 1905.

XLVII. — Descriptions of Tiuo new African Lizards of the

Genus Latastia. By G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S.

Latastia Johnstoni,

Head small, rather elongate ; snout obtusely pointed. Two

superposed postnasals ; frontal narrowed posteriorly, grooved

anteriorly ; two large supraoculais, with a few small shields

in front and behind and a series of granules between them

and the supraciliaries ; interparietal narrow, much longer

than broad, in contact with a small occipital ; a band-like

supratemporal ; a curved tympanic ; temporal scales granular,

smooth ; no auricular denticulation ; subocular bordering the

lip, between the fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh upper

labials. Gular scales smooth ; collar toothed, with 7 or 8

neia African Lizards.

393

sliieKls. Dorsal scales small, rliomboidal, feebly imbricate,

sharply keeled, 50 to 52 across the middle of the body.

Ventral plates in 6 longitudinal and 24 or 25 transverse

series; the })lates of the two median series nar:owest. Two

large piaeanals, one before the other, or three, one in front and

two behind. The hind limb reaches the shoulder or the neck.

15 or 16 femoral pores on each side. Upper cauJal scales

strongly keeled, basal subcaudals smooth. Four black

streaks along the back, and a fifth on the nape or on the

nape and greater part of the back ; sides of neck and body

with numerous irregular vertical black bars ; lower parts

uniform white.

Total length

Head

Width of head

From end of snout to fore limb

Fore limb

Hind limb

Tail ....

mm.

220

14

8

20

60

17

34

160

Two male specimens from the Nyika and Masuka Plateaus,

British Central Africa (alt. 6000-7000 feet), presented by

{Sir Harry Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.O.B., in 1897.

Laiastia Baril.

Head small, elongate ; snout acutely pointed. Two super-

posed postnasals ; frontal narrowed posteriorly, grooved

anteriorly ; two large supraoculars, with a few small shields

in front and behind, and a series of granules between them

and the siipraciliaries ; interparietal much longer than broad,

separated from the small occipital by a small shield ; four

supraternporals, first longest; a small tympanic; temporal

scales minute, granular, smooth ; no auricular denticulation ;

subocular bordering the lip, between the fifth and sixth or

sixth and seventh upper labials. Gular scales smooth ;

collar toothed, with 9 or 11 shields. Dorsal scales small,

hexagonal, juxtaposed, keeled, 42 to 45 across the middle of

the bod3^ Ventral plates in 6 or 8 longitudinal and 23 to 25

transverse series; the plates of the two median series a little

narrower than the adjacent ones. A large praeanal, with a

smaller one in front of it. The hind limb reaches bet.veen

the collar and the ear. 12 to 14 femoral pores on each side.

Upper caudal scales strongly keeled, basal subcaudals smooth.

Bluish grey in front, pale reddish brown behind ; three black

Ann. d; Mag. V. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 28

On a new Frog from Brazil.

lines along tlie nape and two blaek streaks on each side of

the head and neck ; the median nnehal line and the two

lateral streaks conlinned on the bodv, fading to reddish

brown behind ; lower parts uniform white,

rnm.

Total leng’tli lo7

TTead...;

AVbdth of head

From end of snout to fore limb

Fore limb ,

TIind limb

Tail

Two male specimens from near Berbera, Somaliland (alt.

up to 400 feet), collected by ]\lr. G. W. Bury.

This species comes very near to L. Boscw, Bedr., which

differs in Itaving the dorsal scales smooth (except near the

tai!) and the dark lines in even number.

19

o2

10

. /)

XLYIir. — Descripfion of a new Frog of the Genus

Telmatobius/rom Brazil. By G. A. BOULENGER, F.R.S.

Ttlmatohius asper.

Vcmeiine teeth in two rounded groups behind the level of

the choarse. Head a little bia ader than long ; snout rounded,

longer than the ej’e ; no canthus rostralis ; nostril nearer the

end of the snout than the eye ; interorbital space a little

broader than the upper eyelid ; no tympanum. Fingers

moderate, witli slightly swollen tips, first not extending quite

as far as second ; toes with swollen tips, nearly entirely

webbed; subarticular tubercles well developed, flat; an oval

inner and a rounded outer metatarsal tubercle. The tibio-

tarsal articulation reaches the eye. ^kin of upper parts

closely studded with small warts, each bearing a pearl- like

horny tubercle; lower parts smooth. Blackish brown above,

with or without large yellowish blotches on the back and a

cross-bar between the upper eyelids; limbs with yrllowish

cross-bars; lower parts brown. Male with an internal vocal

sac.

From snout to vent 50 mm.

Four i^pecimens from Theresopolis, Santa Catharina,

collected by Mr. J. MichaGis.

]\Ir. W. L. Distant on Ilomoptera.

395

XLIX. — Rhynchotal Notes. — XLII. By W. L. Distant.

Fam. Fulgoridse (continued from p. 295).

Subfam. Derbinjs.

During the preparation of these pages my attention was

drawn to a ‘Report of Work of the Experiment Station of

the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association/ Bull. No. 1,

pt. 9 (Honolulu, 1906). This part is entitled “ Leaf- Hoppers

and their Natural Enemies,” by G. W. Kirkaldy, but in

fact consists very largely, if not principally, of descriptions

of Australian species of Fulgorida3, with some figures and

many indications of new genera. It is singular that, as most

of the species described in this fugitive report are from

Queensland, there should be so little identity with the

species of Derbinm from the same locality described in this

paper. I have, however, carefully studied Kirkaldy’s indica-

tions of his new genera : those he has figured cause little

difficulty ; but those without illustration are quite different,

as in most instances he has scarcely referred to the tegmina

and wings, so important in this subfamily, and thus his

publication is left in a rudimentary condition. The figures

here given will, however, prevent further confusion, and if

any synonymy is found to exist, which I doubt, it may induce

Mr. Kirkaldy in future to amplify his generic indications.

Genus Dekbe.

Derhe, Fabr. Sjst. Rliyng. p. 80 (1803).

Type, D. hcjeniorrhoidalis, Fabr.

Dtrhe longitadi nails., sp. n.

Body pale brownish ochraceous, above with a broad central

longitudinal piceous fascia occupying the whole of vertex of

head and continued to apex of abdomen ; face and clypeus

fuscous brown; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous;

abdomen above with the lateral margins and apex fuscous

brown ; tegmina and wings pale luteous, the veins fuscous

brown, on basal half of tegmen there are also some inter-

mediate longitudinal fuscous-brown streaks, of which the

most prominent are in the subcostal, radial, and claval areas ;

face concave, with a central incised line, the lateral margins

strongly ridged ; clypeus centrally and laterally carinate ;

mesonoturn tricarinate ; pronotum centrally carinate : scutel-

lum strongly and broadly centrally sulcate.

28*

39G ]\lr. W. L. Distant on Ilomoptera.

Long., excl. tegm., min. ; exp. tegm. 26 to 2S mm.

Hah. Bolivia (J. Sleinhach, Brit. Mus.) ; Ecuador;

(yficliabd (Rosp.yiherg , Brit. Mus.).

In tlie smaller and varietal specimen from Ecuador tlie

subapical area to tlie tegmina and the apex of the wings

are also fuscous brown.

Genus Mysidia.

Mysidia, Westw. Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. p. 5 (1842).

Type, M. ixdlida, Fabr.

Mijsidia nehidosa.

Derhe nehulosa, Germ, in Then, Ent. Arch. ii. 2, p. >56 (18-30).

Mysidia nehulosa, Walk. List Horn., Suppl. p. 97 (1858).

Walker {supra), evidently with a rio-ht determination,

described this species as new. Fowler (Biol. Centr.-Am.,

Bhynch. Horn, ii, p. 73) has followed Walker.

Mysidia Steinhachij sp. n.

Body and legs pale stramineous; tegmina and wings

creamy white, subhyaline, the first with a fuscous spot

extending from costa at about one third from base across

radial area, between this spot and apex is another very pale

brownish transverse costal spot not reaching middle of

tegmen, some of the discal transverse veins also of the same

colour ; wings with a pale fuscous costal spot at about one

third from base which crosses radial area, the discal transverse

vein pale brownish ; face narrow, broadened towards clypeus,

lateral margins strongly ridged ; clypeus not or very

obsoletel}^ carinate.

Long., excl. tegm , ,3 mm. ; exp. tegm. 17 mm.

flah. Bolivia (J. Sleinhach, Brit. Mus.).

From the description apparently allied io 1\[. y^nneta, Fabr.

]\hjsidia jamaicensis, sp. n.

Body and legs very pale luteous; tegmina and wings pale

creamy, semiopaque, the venation darker, two black s[)ots

above clavus, the smallest near its base, the largest near i(s

a])ex, two black subapical spots, the uppermost smallest, two

black dots in basal third of costal area, remaining costal area

a little darker with pale spots; wings with a transverse

series of three small irregular spots at about one third from

base.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Ilomoptera. 31)7

Ijong’., excl. tegin., 3 mm.; exp. tegra. 13 mm.

JIah. Jamaica; Moneague (Cruise of ‘Valhalla/ M. J.

JSicoll, Brit. M'us.).

Mysidia glauca, sp. n.

Head and pronotum very pale brownish ochraceous ;

sternum with sanguineous markings ; body beneath and legs

very pale brownish, somewhat greyishly tomentose ; abdomen

above pale bluish; tegmina and wings pale bluish, in some

lights with a bronzy tint ; mesonotum distinctly tricarinate ;

tace and clypeus centrally sanguineous, the lateral margins

ridged.

Long., excl. tegm.^ 3 mm. ; exp. tegm. 15 mm.

Hah. Lower Amazons; Parana de Buyassu [E.E. Austen^

Brit. Mus.).

Genus Phenice.

Fhenice, Westw. Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. p. 10 (1842),

Type, P. fritillanSj Boh.

Phenice australis^ sp. n.

Head and pronotum dark chocolate-brown, the carinations

greyish white ; metaiiotum and scutellutn greyish white ;

abdomen above black, with a central longitudinal greyish-

white ridge ; head and sternum beneath dark chocolate-brown ;

abdomen beneath black ; legs stramineous ; tegmina black,

a large claval spot extending upward, but not reaching radial

vein, a large irregular spot beyond middle extending from

radial vein to inner margin, a series of spots to costal area,

becoming duplicated near apex, and apical marginal spots

greyish white, in the large pale spot beyond middle, but not

in the claval spot, the veins are black ; wings piceous brown,

posterior margin broadly greyish white divided by piceous

veins.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm.; exp. tegm. 17 mm.

Hah. Queensland [E. P. Dodd.^ Brit. Mus.).

Allied to the Indian species P, moesta^ Westw.

Akfaka, gen. nov.

Head (including eyes) very much narrower than pronotum ;

vertex narrow, triangular, widened posteriorly, distinctly

pioduced in front of eyes, centrally longitudinally deflected ;

lace laterally compressed, convex, centrally very narrow,

linear, a little widened anteriorly, centrally longitudinally

398

Mr. W. L. Distant on Ilomoptcra.

narrowly silicate; clypens about as lon^ as face, tricarinate ;

antemia3 inserted beneath eyes, second joint moderately long

and incrassate ; ])ronotum short and strongly laterally emar-

ginate posteriorly, strongly centrally carinate ; meson otum

long, tricarinate, anteiiorly somewhat strongly narrowed ;

legs moderately long and slender, posterior tarsi with the

basal joint long and moderately thickened ; tegmina broadened

before middle, a little convexly narrowed to apex, which is

truncate, costal area with five transverse veins, upjier apical

area with four large cells, radial area witli a transverse vein

)iear middle, and a broken series of discal transverse veins in

longitudinal sequence ; wings narrow, less than half the

length of tegmina, a transverse vein before middle.

Allied to Pamendanga, Dist., but differing by the narrow

face, longer clypeus, different shape of the mesonotum, &c.

Type, A. decisa^ Dist.

At f aka decisa, sp. n.

decisa, "Walker, M8.

Body and legs stramineous ; vertex of head, pronotum,

and carinations and posterior margin to mesonotum, greyish

white; on each side of pronotum, behind eyes, a testaceous

spot ; eyes brownish testaceous ; apices of the tarsi black ;

tegmina and wings pale hyaline, with the venation prominent

and black.

Long., excl. tegm., 4 mm.; exp. tegm. 16 mm.

Hah, New Guinea {Wallace^ Brit. Mus.).

A specimen of this species in the British Museum is labelled

d(ci'sa in Walkei-’s handwriting, but I cannot trace any

publication of a description.

SiKAiANA, gen. nov.

Head (including eyes) very much narrower than pronotum ;

vertex narrow, triangular, widened posteriorly, its apex a

little prominent; face extremely narrow and linear, appearing

as a line only between the eyes ; clypeus about half the length

of face, centrally and laterally carinate; antenna3 inserted

beneath eyes, very robust, second joint longer than third ;

])ronoturn short, very broadly transverse, very strongly

centrally carinate; mesonotum tricarinate; legs moderately

long and slender; tegmina broadened towards middle, a little

convexly narrowed to apex which is rounded, costal membrane

with some indistinct transverse ^eins, radial area short, dis-

coidal areas four, aj)ical areas six, a series of transverse veins

Mr. W. L. Distant on IIomop!era. 39D

roiintl apical margin ; wings mucli less tlian half the lengtli

of tegmina, discoidal areas long and narrow, a transverse

vein near middle of anal area ; apical areas four.

Allied to Pamendangn ^ DIst.

'^I’yi^e, S. hyalinata^ Dist.

]ly tlie shape of the pronotum this genus seems to be allied

to Basil eocephal us, Kirk., but the antennae are not short

as described in that genus, nor are the lateral areas of the

pronotum “ foliaceous, recurved, practically enclosing the

antennie.’'’ The only reference to the tegmina and wings

given by Kiikaldy is that the first are elongate, narrow,”

and the second are not mentione 1. It is therefore impossible

to locate the po^^itioti of Basileoceplialus in the Derbinse.

Sikaiana liyalinata, sp. n.

Body and legs very pale tawny yellow, slightly greyishly

tomentose ; eyes black; tegmina and wings pale hyaline, tlie

venation darker or more ochraceous; tegmina with some pale

sanguineous spots on costal area, becoming more numerous

Fig. 1.

near apex, Inner and apical margins a little clouded with pale

fuscous; wings with the apical veins and the transverse vein

on anal area very slightly and palely fuscous.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 mm. ; exp. tegm. llj mm.

llah. Queensland {k\ P, Dodd, Brit. Mus.j.

Sikaiana maculosa, sp. n.

Head with the margins of vertex greyish white, the eyes

dark castaneous ; pronotum veiy } ale tawny; rnesonotum

pale tawny brown, the carinations gieyish; abdomen abjve

400

Mr. W. L. Distant on ITomoptera.

and beneatli ocliraceons, with some castaneous suffusions,

especially on the lateral areas ; sternum and legs stramitieous ;

tegmina and wings pale hyaline with some opaline reflections ;

tegmina with the base narrowly pale ochraceous, terminating

in a subbasal fuscous spot on costal area, a somewhat large

fuscous spot before apex of costal area, another near apex, a

series of smaller fuscous spots on apical margin, and a still

smaller spot on upper vein of radial area ; wings with some

subapical marginal spots; antennae robust, ochraceous, third

joint infuscate.

Long., excl. tegm.y 2 mm. ; exp. 10 mm.

Hah. Queensland [F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Genus ZORATDA.

Thracin, Westw, Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. p. 10 (1842), nom. prqeocc.

Zoraida, Kiik. Entomologist, 1900, p. 242, n. nom.

Type, Z. sinuosa, Westw.

Zoraida nivifera.

Thracia nimfera, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 137 (1867).

Thracia abrujda^ Walk. loc. cit.

Hah. Batchian, Gilolo.

Zoraida costalis.

Thracia costalis, Walk. Jonrn. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 136 (1867).

Thracia dorsalis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 137.

Hah. Batchian, New Guinea.

Zoraida scutellaris.

Thracia scutellaris. Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 135 (1867).

Thracia anticalis, Walk. loc. cit. p. 136.

Thracia sea notata, Walk. loc. cit. p. 139.

Hah. Morty, Mysol, Aru.

Zoraida Walkeri, n. nom.

Thracia nervosa, AValk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 135 (1867), nom.

piaeocc.

Hah. Mysol, New Guinea.

Zoraida horneensis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, mesonotum, body beneath, and legs

stramineous ; abdomen above brownish ochraceous, it and

401

Mr. W. L. Distant on llomoptera.

the scutellnm more or less eretaeeously sericeous ; teg-

miiia hyaline, basal third suffused witli ochraceous, the costal

area creamy white containing a few brown spots, the sub-

costal area beyond middle is mostly black, with the veins

defining it sanguineous, and beneath the lower vein the black

is continued in some prominent angulations, inner and apical

margin with small piceous spots at the* apices of the veins,

the apex has also a subapical transverse line of small spots,

most of the transverse veins fuscous ; mesonotum prominently

tricarinate, the central carination continued through pro-

noturn ; clypeus centrally and laterally carinate.

Long., excl. tegm., 5 to 5^ mm. ; exp. tegm. 28 mm.

Hah, Borneo ; Sandakan {W. B. Fryer ^ Brit. Mus.),

Zoraida erythractiSj sp. n.

Body and legs dark ochraceous ; vertex of head, lateral

margins of pro- and mesonota, abdominal anal segment,

longitudinal streaks to femora and sternum, and abdomen

beneath sanguineous ; tegmina hyaline, crossed by three

broad pale fuscous fasciae, the first about one third from base,

the second just beyond middle, and the third at apex; in

these dark fasciae the veins are red, remaining venation

yellowish; costal area yellowish, reddish from base to first

dark fascia and from second dark fascia to apex ; wings

hyaline, with the venation darker; second joint of antennm

reddish, longer than head and pronotum together; nieso-

notura distinctly tricarinate, the central carination continued

through the pronotum.

Long., excl. tegm., 5 mrn.; exp. tegm. 25 mm.

Hub. Borneo; Kuching.

Zoraida cycnoptera^ sp. n.

Pronotum, mesonotum, scutellum, body beneatli, and lec^s

stramineous; abdomen above, posterior disk of pronotum

vertex of head, face, and clypeus testaceous ; tegmina hyaline,

tlie venation fuscous, costal area for about one third from

base fuscous brown, with creamy-white spots, remainino’ area

ochraceous, with a prominent black spot before apex, costal

and subcostal veins testaceous red, upper apical area piceous

apical inargiii and extremities of apical veins testaceous red

in S in $ the tvvo central extremities stramineous ; wino-s

hyaline, the venation fuscous; mesonotum tricarinate, the

central carination continued through pronotum ; clypeus

centrally and laterally carinate.

402

Mr. W. L. Distant on llomoptera.

Long., excl. tegm., ^ 4^^ ? G mm. ; exp. tegm., ^ 24,

? oO mm.

JIah. Queensland {F. P. Dodd^ Brit. Mus.).

Allied to Z. Essingtoni, Westw.

Zoraida eupoecila, sp. n.

Head, antenna^ pronotum, mesonotam, scntellum, and

abdomen tawny brown ; sternum and legs stramineous ;

carinations to pronotum and m.esonotum distinctly paler and

pale ocliraceous in hue ; eyes black ; tegmina very pale

fuliginous, subliyaline, infuscated on basal area, wliere there

is a distinct white spot beneath radial area, veins fuscous,

costal area greyish white, with an elongate fuscous spot near

middle and another nearer apical area; beneath the costal

area the colour is narrowly fuscous, broken with a large

creamy- white spot just before the second dark spot in costal

area, costal margin at apex testaceous, and the apical margin

creamy white, before the latter a transverse series of four

small fuscous spots placed on the veins, a large fuscous spot

at end of clavus; wings very pale fuliginous, with the veins

tu'cous ; second joint of antennjc robust, as long as head and

thorax together.

Long., excl. tegm., 5 mm.; exp. tf^gm. 22 mm.

Hah. Queensland; Kuranda [F. P. Fodd, Brit. Mas.).

Zoraida consanguineay sp. n.

Allied to Z. eiipoecilay and differing principally by the

tegmina, hich are very much more broadly and regularly

fuscous beneath the costal area, the latter creamy white, witli

three elongate fuscous spots on basal third, subapical trans-

verse spots obsolete, veins todiscoidal areas more transversely

and less longitudinally oblique.

T.ong., excl. tegm., 4 mm. ; exp. tegm. 18-23 mm. '

llah. Queensland (A. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Zoraida cydistay sp. n.

Head (including eyes) ferruginous brown ; thorax above

stramineous, mesonotum a little transversely piceous near

base; scutellum cretaceously white; abdomen above testa-

ceous, basal half of disk cretaceously white; body beneath

and legs stramineous; tegmina hyaline, venation fuscous;

costa, costal and subcostal veins purplish red, beyond middle

tlie spaces between these veins are ])iceous ; beneath and

attached to the lower red veins some })iceoiis spots, of vvdiich

403

^Ir. W. L. Distant on TTomopteva.

tlie most prominent are one about middle and another nearer

apex, apical marg’in between the veins piceous ; wings hyaline,

the venation fuscous; antennae with the second joint stra-

mineous, its apex ocliraceous, as long as head ami thorax

together ; mesonotum distinctly tricarinate, the carinations

very slightly paler.

I.orig., excl. tegm., 3 mm.; exp. tegm. 19-21 mm.

Hub. Queensland {F. P. Dodd^ Brit. iMus.).

Zoraidi picta^ sp. n.

Above and beneath pale ocliraceous ; eyes black ; pro-

notum stramineous ; abdomen above with angulate fasciate

sanguineous markings and with a curved black discal line on

each side a little beyond middle ; tegmina hyaline, the veins

fuscous, costal area pale testaceous, an oblique black spot in

subcostal area at about two thirds from base and a black

spot at its apex, the veins emanating from the subcostal vein

black at their bases ; mesonotum faintly tricarinate ; second

joint of antennse minutely black-speckled, with its apex

dai’ker ocliraceous, as long as head and thorax together.

Long., excl. tegm., 4^ mni. ; exp. tegm. 21: mni.

Huh. Queensland [F. P. Dodd^ Brit. Mus.).

Genus DroNA.

Drona, Dist. Faun. B. I., Rhyncli. hi. p. 305 (1906).

Type, Jd. carnosuy Weslw.

In describing this genus, founded on the type of Westwood’s

carnosa contained in the British Museum, and a somewhat

antique specimen, I could not see any carinations to the

mesonotum, nor could the artist who drew the figure. ISince

then I have been able to examine specimens in better con-

dition, and the mesonotum niUFt be described as tricarinate,

even if in some examples faintly so. The male anal armature

is a very prominent character.

Drona lanius.

Derhe lanius, Stal, Ofv'. Vet -Ak. Forli. 1855, p. 94.

Thracia lanius, Still, Hem. Atf. iv. p. 195 (I860).

llah. Caffraria.

Drona opicalis.

Thracia apicalis, Hagl. Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1899, p. C4.

404

]\lr. W. L. Distant on llomoptera.

Drona Graliaml^ sp. n.

Docly and legs testaceous red ; tegmina subliyaline, sliglitly

fuliginous, veins a little darker, costal margin and subcostal

vein piceous ; costal area and stigma tlavescent ; wings

flavescent, posterior margin broa lly piceous, a somewhat

large spot near middle of anterior margin black ; male with

three long anal a])pendages, the uppermost defieeted from

near base arid directed downwards, its apex acute, the two

lowermost directed sti’ongly outwards and then as strongly

directed inwardly and downward; mesonotum tricarinate.

Jiong., excl. tegm., 3 mm.; exp. tegm. IG mm.

IL.h. Ashanti; Obuasi (IV, M. Graham ^ Brit. Mus.).

Drona hiclavata.

Derhe (The7}{ce?) bichivaia, Westw. Ann. & Ma^. Nat. Ilkt. (2) vii.

p. 209 (1851).

Tlah. Congo.

A remnant of the type of this species is in the British

Museum collection, which, with the description given by

^V estwood, leaves no reasonable doubt that it should be

included in the genus Drona.

Camma, gen. nov.

Vertex of head projecting a little in front of eyes, a little

narrowed anteriorly, the margins strongly ridged, the anterior

margin notched ; face elongate, widest at base, margins

strongly ridged, downwardly recurved, shorter than clypeiis;

antennse inserted beneath eyes, second joint moderately long

and globose ; pronotum narrow, its posterior margin strongly

concavely sinuate, centrally longitudinally carinate ; meso-

notum tricarinate, the lateral carinations sinuate, the central

carination straight ; legs simple ; tegmina about three times

as long as broad, somewhat narrow at base, the costal area

strongly convexly ampliated to about one third from base,

radial area veiy long, crossed near middle by a transverse

vein, a cential longitudinal series of transverse veins defining

a series of discoidal areas, apical areas short, four in number ;

wings little more than one tliird the length of tegmina,

nanow, apically widened.

d'ype, C. ctUatata^ Westw.

My. W. L. Distant on llomoptera. 405

Gamma dllatata.

Devhe {Phenice?) dilatata, "Westw. Ann. & Mag'. Xat. Hist. (2) vii.

p. 209 (1851)'.

llah. Sierra Leone (type in Brit. Mas.).

Fig'. 2.

Camma dilaiata, Westw.

Genus VlVAHA.

Vivaha, Dist. Faun. B. I., Rhyncli. iii. p. 307 (1900).

Type, V. facialisj Dist.

Vivaha saniosa, sp. n.

Body and legs very pale stramineous ; vertex (excluding

margins), upper lateral sides of vertex and front of face, and

a central longitudinal fascia to mesonotum and scutellum

sanguineous ; tegraina pale semihyaline, the venation pale

stramineous, inner margin to a little beyond end of clavus

and a spot above apex of clavus sanguineous, beyond the red

inner margin the apical margin is ochiaceous; wings pale

hyaline ; head jjroduced in front of eyes into a broad flattened

laminate process.

Long., excl. tegm., 4 mm. ; exp. tegm. 16 mm.

IJab. Queensland (A". P. Doddj Brit. Mus.).

Vivaha delicata.

Interamma delicata, Walk. Joiirn. Liim. Soc., Zool. x. p. 118, pi. iii.

tig'. 0 (1807).

Hub. New Guinea.

The InUramma angunta, Walk., may also belong to the

genus Vivaha^ but the unique typical specimen in the

British Museum is without a head.

408

]\rr. W. L. Distant on llomoptera.

Arunta, gen. nov.

Vertex of head longly produced in front of eyes, broad,

laterally sinuate, apically widened and centrally notched on

anterior margin ; antenna? inserted at some distance beneath

eyes, second joint long and broad ; head laterally broad and

sj)a(ulate, very much compressed, face very long, attenuated

centrally, marginally strongly ridged ; cly[)eus short, globose ;

pronotum moderately triangularly anteriorly produced, its

])Osterior margin equally angularly sinuate ; mesonotum

tricarinate, apical joint of rostrum very short ; legs slender;

tegmina elongate, gradually broadening to apex, which is trun-

cate, discoidal areas four, lowermost longest, second shortest

and triangular ; wings a little shorter than tegmina, but

considerably broader, two subapical transverse veins, third

apical area short, triangular.

Type, A. rubrovenoba, Dist.

Allied to Phantasmatocera^ Kirk., from which it differs by

the different shape and structure of the head, the longer

antenna?, apically truncate tegmina, with short and less

numerous apical areas. In his short generic indication

Kirkaldy does not refer to the wings.

Arunta ruhrovenosa^ sp. n.

Head creamy white, margins of face as far as eyes black ;

Fig. 3.

face before eyes pale ochraccous ; clypeus and inner margnn

of eyes black ; eyes and second joint of antennie luscous

407

]\Ii’. W. L. Distant on Ilomoptera.

brown; pronotum creamy white; mesonotiun oeliraceou^,

with a black fascia near each anterior lateral margin ; tegmina

creamy white, subhyaline, interior area from base to lower

apical area pale fuscous, the discoidal longitudinal veins san-

guineous, tlie transverse veins fuscous; wings pale creamy

white, subhyaline.

Long., excl. tegm., 2^ mm. ; exp. tegm. 8 mm.

llah. Queensland [F, F. Dodd, Brit. Mas.).

Kuranda, gen. nov.

Vertex of head somewhat longly produced in front of eyes,

narrowed anteriorly, lateral margins very strongly ridged ;

head laterally much compressed, face long and slender, slightly

widened towards clypeus, 'which is very much shorter than

face; antennte inserted at some distance beneath eyes, the

second jh)int very long and robust ; pronotum very short ;

mesonotum subelongate, faintly carinate; tegmina more than

three times longer than broad, apically rounde.l, apical areas

short and continued round apex of costal margin, costal area

moderately broad ; wings broader and shorter than teginina.

Type, K. notata. List.

liuranda notatOj sp. n.

Body and legs pale ochraceous, eyes and antennae black ;

tegmina very pale creamy ochraceous, with four piceous spots,

I'ig. 4.

Kuranda notata, Dist.

the smallest near base, two discal, and one near apical margin ;

wings pale hyaline.

408

]\Ir. W. L. Distant on lIomo{)tera.

Var. — Tc'grnina with an irregular ])iceous fascia extending

from the basal spot to near apex of inner margin.

Jjong., exel. tegm., 8-^ mm. ; exp. tegm. 10 mm.

JIah. Queensland ; Kuranda {F. P, Doddj Brit. Mus.).

Makula, gen. nov.

Vertex of head broad, modei-ately produced in front of

eyes, triangularly foveate on disk, lateral areas of head broad,

compressed, face narrow, curved downward, not continuous

with the clypeus, which is very robust ; pronotum very

narrow ; mesonoturn elongate, tricarinate, tlie central carina-

tion straight and almost percurrent, the lateral carinations

short and curved inwardly; legs simple; tegmina about

three times as long as broad, costal margin sinuate, apex

obtusely rounded, two series of transverse veins, the first a

little beyond middle, and non-continuoiis, defining five

discoidal areas, the second series more continuous, subapical,

and enclosing the apical areas ; wings shorter and broader

than the tegmina.

Type, M. ornata^ Dist.

Makula ornata^ sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, body beneath, and legs stra-

mineous ; abdomen above fuscous, the lateral areas and apex

Fig. 5.

Maliula ornata, Dist.

stramineous ; tegmina greyish white, subhyaline, a large

oblique spot before middle, commencing near inner margin

409

W. L. Distant on Ilomoptera.

and terminatlno* at lower raargni of radial area, a small

streak on costal margin beyond middle, and a broken apical

spot which is rnore faintly continued to inner margin, fuscous

or piceous, on the area of these apical fuscous suffusions the

veins are sanguineous; wings pale hyaline.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 mm. ; exp. tegm. 10 mm.

llab. Queensland (Z^. P. Dodd^ Brit. Mus.).

Malaila parviceps.

Briria parvice.ps ^ Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 11.3 (1867).

Hab. My sol.

Makiila pictipennis.

7?rm« Walk. Journ, Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 113 (1807).

Ilah. Morty.

Makula testacea.

Brixia testacea, Walk. Journ, Linn. Soc., Zool. x. p. 115 (1867).

Ilah. My sol.

Genus BhoTANA.

Bhotana, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 160 (1857).

d’ype, li. latipennisj Walk.

Walker gave a wrong reference to his figure of the type.

It should be pi. viii. fig. 1, and the type of Paricancij Walk.,

should be pi. viii. fig. 2.

Rhotana ramentosa, sp. n.

Body very pale testaceous, more or less greyishly tornen-

tose ; eyes black; legs stramineous; tegmina subhyaline,

talc-like, more or less iridescent, the veins ochraceous, the

series of transverse veins separating the apical areas, and

most of the apical veins, broadly ochraceous, costal area pale,

with two dark costal marginal spots, one before and one at

apex, a small dark spot on costal margin above the series of

transverse subapical veins, and another beneath these veins

on inner margin, a similar small spot on apical margin, a

transverse creamy-white spot in costal area beyond middle ;

wings pale hyaline ; tegmina with the transverse subapical

series of veins posteriorly curved and terminating near apex

of clavus ; apical areas short.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm.; exp. tegm. 12 mm.

Hah. Queensland (F. P. Dodd^ Brit. Mus.).

Ann. (k i\[ag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix.

29

410

j\Ir. W. L. Distant on liomoptera.

Rhotana transversa^ sp. n.

Body above ochraceous, beneath with legs paler ; scntel-

lurn pale sanguineous ; tegmina and wings subhyaline, talc-

like^ the veins more or less ochraceous ; tegmina crossed by

two narrow very pale fuscous transverse fascise, the first at

about one third from base and not extending to the costal

area, the second subapical, between is a third very short

fascia, commencing on costal margin and only extending

about one third across tegmen, a spot on costal area above

the first fascia and a series of small spots on apical margin.

Allied to R. ramentosay Dist., but to be easily separated

from that species by the direction of the subapical transverse

fascia, which follows the direction of the subapical transverse

veins and is not curved inwardly to apex of clavus as in

R. ramentosay but terminates near posterior angle of the inner

margin.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 mm.; exp. tegm. 9 mm.

Hub. Queensland (A. P. Doddy Brit. Mus.).

Rhotana opalinOy sp. n.

Body and legs pale ochraceous; disk of mesonotum,

scutellum, and body beneath sanguineous; eyes black;

tegmina subhyaline, talc- like, with opaline redections, the

venation ochraceous, a subapical undulating fascia, preceded

by two short fascia?, extending from costa to near middle of

tegmen, the outer half of inner margin^ and a series of small

apical marginal spots very pale fuscous, a central edge-like

spot to costal margin, edge of apical margin, and the apices

of the upper apical veins white ; wings pale hyaline ; tegmina

with the costal margin somewhat strongly sinuate beyond

middle, the transverse series of subapical veins not poste-

riorly curved inwards, but nearly straightly transverse.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 mm.; exp. tegm. 9 mm.

Hab. Queensland (A. P. JJoddy Brit. Mus.).

Rhotana septemmaculatay sp. n.

Body and legs pale ochraceous, beneath a little paler than

above ; tegmina and wings pale hyaline, talc-like, the vena-

tion ochraceous; tegmina with a broad, outwardly ajigulate,

pale ochraceous lascia at about one third from base, and two

narrow, transverse, subapical, pale fuscous fasciae, a cluster

of about seven prominent black spots, which are somewhat

arranged in two longitudinal series on inner apical area.

Long., excl. tegm., 2^ mm.; exp. tegm. 9 mm.

Hab. Queensland (F. P. Roddy Brit. Mus.).

]\Ir. \V. L. Distant on llonioptera .

411

Rhotana quadrimacalata, sp. n.

Body and legs ocliraceous ; tegmina pale sliming oclira-

ceous, with opaline reflections, the subapical transverse veins

and the longitudinal veins to apical areas testaceous, a central

apical marginal series of four black spots, each placed near

the apex of a longitudinal vein ; wings pale hyaline, with

opaline lustre; the subapical series of transverse veins

continued inwardly to apex of clavus.

Long., excl. tegin., mm. ; exp. tegm. 11 mm.

Hah, Queensland [b\ P. Dodd^ Brit. Mus.).

Kirkaldy (Rep. Exp. IStat. Haw. Plant. Assoc, pi. ix.

p. 4o5) has described two species of Rhotana from Queens-

land. Of the first, R, chrysonoe^ the British Museum

possesses a single carded specimen, which appears to agree

with the description and has now been doubtfully labelled as

that species in the collection. The description of the second

species is inadequate for identitication without seeing a

typical specimen. ^

Genus Nisia.

Nisia, Melich. Horn. Faim. Ce}don, p. 53 (1903) ; Dist. Faun. B. I.,

Khyncli. iii. pp. & 309 (1900j ; Kirk. liep. Exp. IStat. flaw.

Plant. Assoc, pt. ix. p. 427 (1900).

Kirkaldy writes: ‘^This genus seems to be but slightly

differentiated from Kermeaia, Melich.” On the contrary,

the shape of the tegmina is quite divergent and the number

of apical areas different, eight or nine in Kermesia, five in

JSisia,

Genus PlIACONEURA.

Pliaconeura, Kirk. Rep. Exp. Stat. llaw. Idant. Assoc, pt. ix. p. 427

(1900).

Type, P. Froggatti, Kirk.

It IS necessary to point out that Kirkaldy, in the short

description of his typical species, refers to pi. xxix. figs. 5—6,

whereas it should be, as later on correctly stated m the

“Description of Plates,” j)l. xxix. figs. 3-4.

Fenuahala, gen. nov.

Vertex of head projecting a little in front of eyes, gradually

narrowing to apex, its margins very strongly ridged ; lateral

areas of iiead compressed; face long and narrow, medially

attenuated; clypeus almost as long as face ; antennal inserted

nearer base of clypeus than to eyes, ihe second joint long,

412

Mr. W. L. Distant on Homoptera.

broad, and spalulate ; apical joint of rostrum minute ; pro-

noturn veiy short, triangularly sinuate ; mesonoturn with its

anterior margin strongly angulate, discally tricarinate ; legs

sim[)le; tegmina about three times as long as broad, apically

ampliated, apical margin subtruncate, a subapical line formed

by transverse veins separating a number of short apical areas,

which commence at apex of costal margin and are con-

tinued to near end of clavus, wdiere they are larger, a trans-

verse vein beyond apex of radial area; wings extending to

posterior angle of inner margin of tegmina, a prominent

transverse vein beyond apex of radial area.

Type, F. infiiscata^ Dist.

This genus appears to have some affinity wdth Heronao'^

Kiik., but it is impossible to form a definite opinion. In the

indications given of that genus Kirkaldy writes: Allied

to Futara, Westwmod, but the venation is different.” lie,

however, abstains from any description of the venation, nor

does he mention the tegmina either as regards shape or

breacfth, or in relation to the wings, wdiich are also not

alluded to.

FennahaJa iufuscata^ sp. r.

Body above pale dull umber-browm, abdomen with darker

and paler suffusions; body beneath a little paler than above;

Tig. (t.

Fem(ah(da infvscdta, Dist.

legs stramineous, apices of femora and annulations to tlbim

fuscous brown ; tegmina pale hyaline, talc-like, the veins

413

Mr. ^\^ L. Distant on Ilonioptera.

fuscous brown, the same colour more or less suffuses the

apical areas and irregularly appears on disk and more palely

so in clavus, costal area vvdth transverse fuscous spots; near

centre of subapical margin is a prominent piceous spot ;

wings pale liyaline.

Long., excl. tegm,, 3 mm. ; exp. tegm. Id mm.

llah. Queensland; Kuranda [F.P. Dodd^ Brit. Mus.).

Fenaahala rubrinervis^ sp. n.

Body above fuscous, more or less greyishly tomentose,

lateral margins of the vertex of head greyish white ; antennag,

body beneath, and legs very pale ochraceous ; eyes dark

castaneous ; tegmina greyish subhyaline, with dark fuscous

markings, the principal greyish areas being costal and claval,

three small discal spots, and three large irregular spots on

a})ical area, three small fuscous spots in costal area beyond

middle, veins to apical marginal areas sanguineous; wings

very pale fuligitious with a slight opaline lustre, veins dark

fuscous.

Long., excl. tegm., mm.; exp. tegm. 14 mm.

Hab. Queensland ; Cairns District [F. F. JJodd^ Brit,

Mus.).

Fenuahala juno^ sp. n.

Body above piceous ; body beneath and legs stramineous,

lateral margins of sternum and lateral marginand apical area

of abdomen piceous ; tegmina piceous, the veins to apical

marginal areas sanguineous, on under surface the costal

margin beyond middle also sanguineous; wings very pale

fuliginous, the veins darker.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 mm. ; exp. tegm. 12 mm.

Hah. Queensland; Kuranda [F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

A small species, to be recognized by its very distinct

coloration.

FenuaJtala pallescensj sp. n.

Body above pale tawny, more or less greyishly tomentose ;

vertex of liead cretaceous white ; eyes piceous ; body beneath

and legs stramineous, apex of abdomen slightly testaceous ;

tegmina and wings subhyaline, with a slight opaline lustre,

the veins very pale dull ochraceous ; tegmina with the inner

claval margin pale dull ochraceous.

Long., excl. tegm., 2^ mm. ; exp. tegm. 12^ mm.

llab. Queensland [F. P. Dodd^ Brit. Mus.).

414

^Ir. AV. L. Distant on Ilomoptcra.

Urabunna, gen. nov.

Vertex of head moderately ])rojecting beyond eyes, nar-

rowing to apex, which is angularly sinuate, margins strongly

ridged ; face narrow, lateral margins stiongly ridged, a little

widened posteriorly, longer than clypeus ; rostrum with the

apical joint minute ; antennre short, globose, inserted imme-

diately beneath eyes ; pronotum short, concavely sinuate ;

mesonotum tricarinate; legs simple; tegmina elongate, more

than three times longer than broad, costal margin prominently

arched a little beyond base, thence somewhat narrowed to

apex, which is moderately rounded, two transverse veins

near middle, one beyond clavus, another limiting penultimate

apical area, and two or three subapical, which help to detine

a series of short apical areas continued round apex of costal

margin ; wings ample, much broader than tegmina, about

reaching posterior angle of tegminal inner margin, the apical

veins very pronounced.

Type, U. lineata^ Dist.

Urahunna lineata, sp. n.

Body and legs dull ochraceous; abdomen somewhat

greyishly tomentose ; tegmina pale greyish subhyaline, much

suffused wdth fuscous brown, costal area pale, traversed by a

broken, longitudinal, piceous, linear fascia Avhich almost

Fig. 7.

reaches apex ; wings hyaline, the apical veins })roniinent

and infuscate.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm. ; exp. tegm. 13-14 mm.

Hah. Queensland [F. F. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

]\Ir. W. L. Distant on Ilornoptera.

415

Appendix.

I have furtlier examined Mr. Kirkaldjhs paper describing

Australian Fulgoridie under the title of “Leaf-Hoppers and

their Natural Enemies/’ published at Honolulu, in comparison

with the descriptions of some Queensland Fulgoridse which

have appeared in these pages and elsewhere. The following

notes are necessary.

8 u b fa m . E ur ybraciiybinm.

Dardus ohscnrm.

Dardus ohscurm, Dist. Trans. Ent. Soc, Lond. 1892, p. 283.

Dardus immaculatm, Kirk. Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Riant. Assoc, pt. ix.

p. 446 (1906).

Hob. Queensland.

Subfam. Dictyoruarinje,

Eictyopliara hifasciata.

Dictyophora hifasciata, Hist. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 279.

Thanatodictya (^Lucinda) lucinda, Kirk. Rep. Exp. Stat. flaw. Plant.

Assoc, pt. ix. p. 392 (1906).

Ilab. Queensland.

DictyopJiara insignis,

Dictyophora insignis, Hist. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 279.

Thanatodictya {Niculda) anadyomene, Kirk. Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw.

Plant. Assoc, pt. ix. p. 393 (1906).

S u b f a m . CixiiNAE .

In the genus Oliarus Kirkaldy has described nine Aus-

tralian species, and I have described two from Queensland,

which, even by the aid of his tabular synopsis, I cannot

decide as synonymic or otherwise. One thing, however, is

certain, we have both used luhra as a specific name ; I

therefore alter mine.

Oliarus incerta^ n. noin.

Oliarus lubra, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xix. p. 282 (1907).

41G

^Ir. G. J. Arrow on new

Subfam. Ttlovidvctiinm.

Genus Ficarasa.

Ficarasa, Walk. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p, 1G2 (18o7).

Feltodictya, Kirk. Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw, Plant. Assoc, pt. ix. p. 414

(1906).

The species I described as F. australasice (Ann. & Mag.

Kat. Hist., antOy p. 287) is apparently closel}" allied to the

one described by Kirkaldy as P. hurandcE^ but nothing defi-

nitely can be decided from Kirkaldy’s description, which is

simply — Grass-green. Eyes and genital segments partly

brownish. Veins lightly and shortly piligerous — and is

applicable to almost any species in the genus.

Fa nua viiiemis.

Vanua viliemis, Kirk, Rep. Exp, Stat. Ilaw. Plant. Assoc, pt. ix. p. 416,

pi. xxvii. figs. 6-7 (1906).

It may be useful to point out that Kirkaldy, in his

description, has referred this species to pi. xxvii. figs. 7-9;

it should be figs. 6-7.

Subfam. Ackilinm.

Genus Aneipo.

Aneipo, Kirk, Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant, Assoc, pt. ix. p. 425 (1906).

2'udea, Hist. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xix. p. 290 (1907).

Aneipo diva.

Arieipo diva, Kirk. Rep. Exp. Stat. Haw. Plant. Assoc, nt. ix. p. 425

(1906).

Tudea picturata, Hist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xix. p. 290 (1907).

Hah. Queensland.

L. — Some new Species and Genera of Lamellicorn Coleoptera

from the Indian Empire. 13y Gilbert J. Arrow.

Part II.

Copridae.

Cassolus humeralis, sp. n.

Rufo-piceus, capite prothoraceque rufo-cupreis elytrorumque Imraeris

flavo-maculatis : breviter ovatus, convexus ; capite crebro punc-

tato, antice 4-dentato ; prothorace paulo minus crebre puiictato,

417

Coleoptera from the Indian Kinpire.

elytrorum laiitudiiio, latcribus fortiter curvatis, antice vix angus-

tatis, angulis posticis vix perspicuis ; elytris profunde punctato-

striatis, inters titiis locvibus; pygidio fortiter punctate; tibiis

anticis extiis minute denticulatis, dentibusque tribus validis

acutis armatis, tibiis 4 posterioribus valde curvatis, tarsorum

(S . Tibia antica subtus unispinosa, tibiis posticis gracilioribus

femoribusque posticis subtus dilatatis.

Long. 4 5 mm.

JIah. Assam, Sudiya, Patkai Mts.

Piceous black, with a sligdit metallic tinge, and liaving* the

liead and prothorax coppery and the elytra decorated upon

each shoulder with a small round j^ellovv spot.

The form is short and compact. The head is closely

punctured and without visible sutures or elevations, but the

front maroiii is armed with four teeth, of which the middle

pair are the longest and most acute. The prothorax is

moderately closely punctured, but very shining ; it is as

broad as the elyTra and not much narrow^er in front, with the

sides strongly and uniformly curved and the hind angles

obsolete. Tlie elytra are strongly punctate-striate and the

pygidium strongly and rather closely punctured. The front

tibise are strongly tridentate and very finely denticulate

between and above the teeth. The middle and hind tibife

are slender and curved, and the tarsi have the first joint

nearly twice as long as the second and the remainder nearly

equal.

The male has a perpendicular tooth beneath the front

tibia, the hind tibia is longer, more slender and more strongly

curved than that of the female, and the hind femur is strongly

dilated, the flange forming an obtuse angle near the knee.

Several specimens were collected by Doherty.

Although two species of Cassolus have already been de-

scribed by Sharp and Lansberge {G. nudus, Sharp, Siam,

and C. sumatranus, Lansb., Sumatra), the very interesting

sexual characters have not yet been noticed. In the appendix

to this paper I have described another species in which other

sexual differences are found. I have not yet seen either of

the previously described forms, but the present insect appears

to be like C. nudus, Sharp, but sufficiently distinguished by

the yellow shoulder-spots and the puncturation of the ])ygi-

dium, which is closer than that of the prothorax.

Panelus assamensis, sp. n.

Castaneus, laevis, nitidus, breviter ovatus, postice latior : P. parvulo

simillimus, sed prothoracis parte posteriore laevigata, linea elevata

418

Mr. Gr. J. Arrow 0)l new

arciiata distincte demarcata ; elytris paiilo distinctiiis striabis efc

])unctatis ; metasterrio medio antice valde prodiicto, acute angu-

lato ; pedibus gracilibus, tibiis omnibus curvatis, tarsis 4 poste-

rioribus longis, robustis, anticis brevibus.

liOng. 2'5 mm.

Ilah. Assam, Sudiya, Patkai Mts.

Three specimens were collected by Mr. Doherty, in which

no sexual difFerence is apparent.

This little insect, one of the smallest Lamellicorn beetles

yet known, has a very great resemblance to the Japanese

Panelm parvulas^ Waterh., figured by Mr. George Lewis in

the Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1895, (6) xvi. p. 375, tigs. 1 & 2,

the only species hitherto described, although I have seen

several. It is a little smaller and relatively shorter, being

a trifle less produced behind. It is similarly sculptured,

but the elytra are a little more strongly striated and punc-

tured, and the prothorax has a smootli unpunctured strip at

the base, which is separated by a distinct dividing-line from

the remaining strongly punctured surface. This smooth

area exists in P. parvalus^ but is not sharply defined. The

most pronounce 1 difFerence between the two forms, however,

is found in the lower surface. The metasternum, instead of

meeting the mesosternum in a broad lobe, is produced into

a very acute angle, apparently almost dividing the meso-

sternum into two. The sides of this process form quite

straight lines extending backwards to the posterior ends of

the middle coxse. These lines are finely raised, and under-

neath them can be traced another strongly pigmented line,

which probably represents the true meso-rnetasternal suture.

This line of dark pigment does not follow the direction of

the carinate lines in the posterior part, but branches off to

the middle of the intermediate coxae.

Genus Ontiiopiiagus.

[a] Male with two imcoimected cephalic horns.

0 nthophacjm gladiator^ sp. n.

iEneo-niger, opacas, depressus, latus ; capito dense punctate, breviter

setose, margine integro, antennis tlavis ; protiiorace producto,

angulis anticis hand acutis, posticis distiuctis, lateribus basicpie

medio angulatis, vix a’^cuatis ; elytris planis, subtiliter striatis,

interstitiis minute punctulatis ; pygidio leviter punctato, meta-

sterni lateribus fusco-liirsutis.

<S . Capite posticc cornul)us duobus gracilissimis, basi coiinexis,

quarn corporc toto paruiu brcvioribus, postice subtus serratis,

4U)

CoJeoptera from the Indian Kmpivp.

armato ; prothorace fere impnnctato, antice profundo excavato,

dorso ])rocessu longo, compresso, antice oblique directo, armato.

$ incognita. •

l.ong. 17-19 mm.

Hah. Tiulia.

Obscurely bronzy, broad and depressed, with the upper

surface opaque. The head is punctured and setose, witli the

front margin entire and nearly straiglit in front. The pro-

thorax is rather broader than long, with the margins recti-

linear, tlie hind angles not rounded off, and the base and sides

angulated in tlie middle. The elytra are flat, faintly striated

and very finely punctured. The pygidiuin is lightly punc-

tured, tiie sides of the metasterninn clothed with fine hair,

and the abdomen almost smooth.

^ . The sutural carina of the head is strongly angulated

and the head is provided behind with a pair of backwardly-

directed horns almost as long as the body when well-developed ;

they are united at the base, gently curved, slender and

serrated beneath at the hinder part. The prothorax is

excavated beneath, and from the posterior margin of the

cavity proceeds a long, compressed, straight horn, directed

obliquely forwards and blunt at its extremity.

J have not seen the female.

This species is closely related to 0. Mouhoti^ liar., but is

broader and more flattened and has the margins of the pro-

thorax less curvilinear. The cephalic horns differ in being

serrated beneath, and the thoracic horn is placed farther

back, and in our specimen is more slender. The thoracic

cavity extends farther baek, but rather less from side to side.

Two specimens, without precise locality, were received with

the Bowring collection.

Onthopliapus rubripennis, sp. n.

Niger, subtus nitidus, supra opacus, capite prothoraceque obscure

cupreis, elytris rufo-castaneis ; capite rugose punctate, semi-

circulari, integro ; prothorace fortiter et dense punctato, mar-

ginato, angulis anticis paulo productis, hand acutis, posticis

obsoletis ; elytris stria tis, striis subtiliter et lineare punctatis,

interstitiis planis, fere Icevibus ; pygidio grosse et crebre punctate.

S . Capite postice cornubus duobus longis curvatis, valde genicu-

latis et divergentibus, armato ; prothorace antice longitudiualiter

excavato.

2 . Capite leviter bicarinato, prothorace medio leviter sulcato.

Long. 11-13 mm.

Hah. Sikkim, Kurseong,

Black, with the head and prothorax slightly bronzy, the

4 20 Mr. G. J. Arrow on neio

elytra dull brick-red, and the antennas red with a pale yellow

club.

The form is broad and convex, with the head semicircular,

rug’osely punctured, and scarcely emarginate in front. The

])rothorax is coarsely and densely punctured, completely

margined, with the base slightly angulated in the middle,

the anterior angles rather produced but not sharp, and the

posterior angles almost obsolete. The elytra are shallowly

striated, the striae containing very elongate })unctures having

each a raised margin, and the interstices are flat, opaque, and

almost smooth. The pygidium is flat, opaque, and coarsely

and densely punctured, and the metasternum is rather closely

but not strongly punctured and not prominent in front.

TTie front tibiae are moderately long and armed with four

strong but not sharp teeth.

. The head bears behind a pair of long, curved, and

widely divergent horns, like those of the European 0. tauras,

but strongly elbowed internally near the point of origin.

The prbthorax has a slight longitudinal excavation in front.

$ . There are two slight transverse carings upon the head

and the prothorax is only feebly channelled along the middle.

There are specimens in the British Museum and M. Rene

Oberthiir’s collection.

Var. suhcribratus.

The punctures of the prothorax are exceedingly dense and

confluent, so that the metallic lustre is scarcely traceable,

and the anterior excavation in the male is limited behind by

two rather sharp tubercles, the corresponding elevation in

the Sikkim form being quite blunt.

Hah. Bootan, Khasia Hills, N. Chin Hills.

Onthophagus hufo^ sp. n.

ISTger, iioununquam obscure seneus, parum nitidus, ovatus ; capitc

baud producto, cl}'peo sat crebre punctato, margine leviter

elevato, antice paulo inciso ; protliorace parum convexo, lateribus

valde arcuatis, aiigulis posticis baud distinctis, basi baud dis-

tincte angulato aut marginato; elytris distincte striatis, intcr-

stitiis parcissime granulatis ; pygidio sat convexo, parce punc-

tato ; corpore subtus lu)vi, mctasterno ubique sat grosse punctato,

abdomine inipunctato.

(S . Capitis Carina suturali oblitcrata, vertice cornubus duobus,

postice directis, fere rectis, basi dilatatis, baud coimexis, armato,

spatio incluso parcius punctato, antice cariua vix porspicua

limitato ; protborace antice perparum declivo.

5 . Clypeo rugoso, carina antica recta, parum elevata, alteraqiu'

421

CoJeoptera from the Indian Kmpire.

medio broviter acuminata, vertice leviter excavato, piinctato,

postice bituberculato ; prothorace baud declivo.

J.ong. 6-8 mm.

Jlah. N.W, India, Baiinn, Gwalior.

Black, sometimes with a faint bluish or greenish tinge,

and not very shining above. It is a small species, elongate-

ovate in shape. The head is not produced, but is slightly

emarginate in front. The prothorax is evenly and not very

finely punctured, with the sides strongly curved, the posterior

angles rounded off and the base not angulated or margined.

The elytra are moderately deeply striated, with sparsely

scattered granules upon the interstices. The pygidium is

thinly punctured, the metasternum evenly but not very

strongly, and the abdomen im punctate.

d . The clypeus is moderately punctured, and the vertex

armed with two straight horns of moderate length, directed

slightly backward and dilated at their bases but not connected

together. There is a very slight ridge just in front of the

horns, and the enclosed space is concave and thinly punctured.

The prothorax is feebly declivous and smooth in front.

$ . The clypeus is finely rugose, with a very fine anterior

Carina and a well-marked posterior carina acuminate in the

middle, and the horns are represented by a pair of short

tubercles. The intervening space is concave and punctured.

This species is allied to 0. tragus^ F., and 0. darna^ F.,

but is smaller and more elongate than either.

Onthopliagus rectecornutus, Lansb., is an interesting species

belonging to the same group which needs further investi-

gation as regards both its variation and geographical distri-

bution. It is stated by Lansberge (Leyden Museum Notes,

1883, p. 50) to inhabit Java, Surnbawa, and Ceylon, and to

differ from 0. Juridus (I)ej. MS.) only by the curved and

diverging horns of the latter. The two forms thus distin-

guished appear to me to be specifically inseparable, although,

in addition to the development of the horns, the luridiis form

has the prothorax more globose and much more contracted

in front and the head more narrow. These are all characters

peculiar to the male, and in other respects there is so much

constancy and individuality that I feel obliged to regard this

as a single species with two forms of male. Lansberge

remarked that the female was unknown to him, but probably

looked for a hornless form and did not notice the real sexual

differences, which, contrary to the general rule, are not found

in the armature. Male and female of the rectecornutus form

are alike armed with a pair of erect parallel horns and a

422

j\Ir. G. J. Arrow on new

transverse carina upon the cl y peal suture ; they may be

distinguished by the front tibiic, which, in the male, are

elongate, slender, and strongly curved, with the teeth feebler

and farther apart. The specimens of the hiridm form are

all males. The three forms have been taken too-ether in

Ceylon and Travancore, wliere they a[>pear to be common.

L have only seen a single female from Java, and there is a

single male in our collection from Darjeeling, while Dejean

gives China as the habitat of the var. laridas^ so that the

species has evidently a very wide range.

0 nthoi>lia(jus hrevicollisj sp. n.

Niger, nitidus, anteimis tarsisque rufis ; prothorace valde convexo,

piinctato, quam corpore ad Immeros miilto latiore, margine

postico arCLiato, marginato, hand angulato ; elytris striatis, striis

puiictatis, iuterstitiis coovexis, politis, vix punctulatis ; pygidio

parce punctate.

C5* . Capite polite, lateribus aiitice fere rectc contractis, margine

antice panic emarginate, carina sutnrali parnm arcnata cornu-

bnsqne duobus posticis graeilibns, parallelis, erectis ; prothorace

antice verticali, la)vigato, postice leviter punctate, carina dorsali

transversa.

2 . Clypeo seinicirculari, vix emarginato, pnnctato-rugoso, carina

sutnrali distincta, valde curvata ; capite postice loeviore, bituber-

culato ; prothorace antice medio subverticali, carina dorsali

transversa.

Long. 9-5-13 mm.

JIab. S. India, Nilgiri Hills, Belgaum.

Black and shining, with the anteinue and tarsi reddish.

The prothorax is finely but not closely punctured all over,

except upon the anterior declivity, and the elytra are sulcate,

with the interstices convex and scarcely punctured. The

pygidium is sparingly punctured and the median part of the

inetasternuni has only a very few punctures near the sides.

The spur of the front tibia is bent at a right angle and acute.

d. The head is octagonal, slightly emarginate in front

and irnpunctate except just in front of the eyes. There is a

distinct carina upon the clypeal suture, and two slender,

unconnected horns arise almost vertically from the back of

the head, with a slight forward curvature. The prothorax

is very short and broad, vertical and smooth in front, very

convex and distinctly punctured behind, with the anterior

edge of the dorsal ])art carinated in front and the posterior

edge curved, finely margined and not angulated. The Iront

tibial spur is broader than in the female.

^ . 'The clypeiis is curvilinear and very feebly emarginate

423

Coleoptera from the Jiulian JCmpire.

in front_, and Its surface is ratlier finely rugose. The carina

is stronger, and the horns are represented by a pair of conical

tubercles. Tlie prothorax is more elongate and only slightly

ret use in front.

[h) Male with two connected cephalic horns.

Onthophagus productus, sp. n.

Xiger, convexus ; capite parvo, subtilitcr rugoso-punctato, antico

rotundato, vix emarginato , prothorace postice ante basin fere

carinatim elevato, lateribus valde angulatis, margine postico angu-

lato, angiilisque posticis distinctis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis

convexis, crebre et rugose punctatis, minutissirae setosis ; pygidio

sat grosse punctate ; metasterni medio uitido, parce sat grosse

punctate.

. Capite postice cornubus duobus curvatis, baud longis armato;

prothorace nilido, minute baud crebre punctato, lateribus antice

vix punctatis, antice valde angustato, angulis anticis acutis,

fossulatis, dorso antice medio elevato ; tibiis anticis elongatis, sat

gracilibus.

5 . Capite carina suturali aliaque frontali medio leviter acuminata

armato ; prothorace rugose punctato et setose, carina transversa

antica parum elevata.

Long. 10-12 mm.

Ilah. N. India, Sikkim.

Black, clothed with short dark setae, except at the middle

of the metasternum and the prothorax of the male, which is

shining. The head is small, finely and rugosely punctured

and scarcely emarginate in front. The prothorax is strongly

angulated at the middle of the sides and distinctly at the

middle of the base, and the hind angles are not rounded

away. The posterior part of the disk is elevated into a blunt-

edged carina just before the margin. The elytra are striated,

with the interstices convex, finely and rugosely punctured

and setose. The pygidium is rather coarsely punctured, and

the middle of the metasternum shining and sparingly

punctured.

. The head is produced behind into a pair of slender

but not very long horns, united by a sharp ridge at the base

and forming v/ith it rather more than half of a perfect circle.

The prothorax is shining, finely and not closely punctured

and not setose, except in front, where it is slightly rugose.

It is strongly contracted in front, elevated in the median

part, and much depressed at the sides, with a round pit in

each front angle. Tiie front tibiae are elongate and slender.

$ . The head bears two transverse carinas, of which the

frontal one is minutely acuminate in the middle. The pro-

424

Mr. G. J. A rrow on new

thorax is not greatly narrowed in front and is strongly and

thicldy punctured and minutely setose, with an interrupted

transverse carina in front.

0. pi'oducius is very closely related to 0. rngulosus, liar.,

from N. China. It is less densely pujictured above, especially

upon the prothorax of the male, which is also still more

narrowed in front, and the front tibiae in the same sex are

more elongate.

There are examples in the British Museum and in M. Reue

Oberthiir^s collection.

OntJiophagus [Caccohius) gallinas, sp. n.

Niger, capito prothoraceque obscure cupreus, subnitidus, crebre et

rugose punctatus, ubique breviter sotosus ; clypeo ernarginato,

grosse punctato ; prothorace dense punctato, marginato, angulis

anticis baud acutis, posticis obsoletis ; elytris striatis, inter-

stitiis granuiatis ; pygidio grosse punctato, metasterno sat

pinictato ; tibiis anticis fortiter tridentatis.

(S . Capitc nitido, leviter ernarginato, carina anteriore arcuata

posterioreque recta valde elevata, surnma tritida,-dentibus duobus

exteruis longioribus, recurvatis ; prothorace dorso elevato, antice

fere acumiriato, parte antica excavata, polita ; metasterno postice

impresso.

2 . Capite rugose punctato, paulo producto, antice acute bidentato,

carina anteriore arcuata posterioreque fere recta ; prothorace

antice medio minute prominente.

Long. 4-5 mm.

Hah. S. India, Nilgiri Hills, Belgaum.

Deep bronzy black, with the head and prothorax generally

more distinctly metallic, clothed above and below witli

greyish sette. The prothorax is densely punctured, the

elytra striated and rugosely granulated, and the pygidium

coarsely punctured. The metasternurn is strongly but rather

sparsely punctured and- not prominent in front. The anterior

tibia3 bear three strong teeth, above which they are finely

denticulated.

d . The head is shining, thinly punetured, slightly notched

in front, with a curved sutural carina and a very strongly

elevated frontal one terminating in a triangular median tooth

and a pair of short recurved lateral horns. The prothorax is

convex behind, slightly excavated and smooth in front, the

upper margin of the excavated part forming a slight tooth in

the middle.

9 . The head is rugosely punctured and sharply bidentate

in front, with two slight carina;.

This species belongs to the closely connected grou[) of

425

Coleoplera from the Indian Empire.

small Indian 0 ntliophagi of wliicli 0. valcanuSj Fab., is the

type. It is most nearly related to Gaccohius tortus, Sharp, but

is more closely sculptured, especially upon the prothorax, and

the elytra are without the yellow apical spot distinguishing

that species and 0. vulcanus. It is peculiar also in having

the middle of the prothorax angularly instead of broadly

prominent in the male. It has been found in numbers by

Mr. H. L. Andrewes in the Ouchterlony Valley, Nilgiris

(3000 ft.), in April and July.

Another species of the same group, although not hitherto

associated with it, is 0. farculusy Fab., in which the elytra

are marked with yellow in front and behind, and the margin

of the thoracic excavation is not sharply raised. This is

found in the same localities and also in Ceylon.

(c) Head of male produced into a single horn behind.

Onihophagus ephippioderus^ sp. n.

Niger vel obscure nigro-aeneus, robustus, convexiis, sat nitidiis,

autennis flavis ; elytris punctato-striatis, interstitiis vix convexis,

parce et minute punctulatis, lateraliter fortius ; pygidio leviter

pimctulato.

S . Capite grosse punctato, antice et postice producto, antice

fortiter uasuto, postice acute cornuto, cornu gracili, baud longo,

basi late angulate laminate ; prothorace sat punctato, antice

retuso, laevigato, dorso antice utrinque oblique tuberculato.

$ . Capite antice ruguloso, postice punctato, margine antico integro,

leviter producto, carina suturali valde curvata laminaque postica

erecta paulo bifida ; prothorace crebre punctato, carina antica

obsoleta.

Long. 12-14 mm.

Hah. Mysore, Bangalore, Nilgiri Hills.

Black or slightly seneous, with pale antennae. The shape

is broad and convex, and the body smooth and beneath

almost impunctate. The elytra are shallowly punctate-striate

and the interstices very lightly punctured. The prothorax

is strongly punctured and margined, but not angulated at

the sides or base, the posterior angles being rounded away.

The pygidium is finely but not closely punctured.

d . The head is produced into a blunt point in front, the

sutural carina is well curved but not strongly marked,

and the posterior part of the head is produced backwards,

forming a reflexed angular plate behind each eye and a

slender curved horn in the middle. The prothorax is refuse

and smooth in front, with the dorsal ridge produced obliquely

on each side. The spur of the fiont tibia is short and

blunt.

Ann. cb Mag. N. TUst. Scr. 7. Vol. xix.

30

426

Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

$ . The head is strongly rugulose in front of the sutural

Carina, which is more pronounced tlian in the male, and

punctured behind it. The clypeal margin is subangulate

and the posterior margin of the head bears an elevated trans-

verse lamina which is ernarginate at its upper edge. The

protliorax is closely and coarsely punctured. The spur of

the front tibia is slender and acute.

This species resembles 0. semculus, F., the male of which

is without cephalic armature, but the processes upon the

prothorax attain a greater development in that insect, and

the clypeus is less developed in front as well as behind.

OnthopJiagus manipurensis, sp. n.

Niger, iiitidus, corpore lateraliter brnnneo-hirto, antennis pallide

testaceis ; clypeo ruguloso ; prothorace baud fortiter punctato,

postice laeviore, medio obsolete sulcato, antice excavate, lateribus

basique marginatis, basi medio angulata, angulis posticis obso-

letis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis planis, subtiliter pimctulatis.

(S . Capite antice fere acute angulato, medio sat fortiter bicuber-

culato, postice retrorsum producto, cornu recurvato, acuminate,

basi lato quadrate ; prothorace antice valde retuso, supra leviter

emarginato.

2 . Capite antice arcuato, parum producto, medio fortiter recte

carinate, postice breviter producto, processu erecto truncate;

prothorace antice paulo excavate, supra bituberculato.

Long. 15-19 mm.

JIab. N. India, Manipur.

Black and shining, with testaceous antennse and reddish-

brown hair at the sides of the sternum and abdomen. The

form is short and compact and the sculpture fine. The pro-

thorax is smooth and very sparingly punctured above ; it is

distinctly margined at the sides and base, the base is distinctly

angulated in the middle and the bind angles are rounded

away. The elytra are distinctly striated and the interstices

slightly convex and feebly })unctured. The pygidium is

moderately punctured. The front tibim are broadly quadri-

dentate and the first joint of the middle and hind tarsus is very

large and flattened. The tibial spurs are blunt and that of

the front tibia is strongly bent.

J . The clypeus is rather elongate and pointed, with the

sides straight. The clypeal suture is marked by two strong

tubercles, which divide the width of the head into three

nearly equal parts. The posterior part of the head is smooth

and produced backwards into a lamina, which narrows into a

slender recurved horn. The prothorax is excavated and

rugosely punctured in front and scarcely punctured behind.

Coleoptera from the Indian Empire, 427

and the upper edge of the excavated part is slightly emarginate

in the middle.

^ . The clypeus is rounded, scarcely produced, with a

short, straight, and strongly raised sutural carina, and a small,

vertical, and truncated posterior horn. There is a rudimentary

excavation at the front of the prothorax and a pair of slight

tubercles at its posterior edge.

This species is very closely related to 0, rubricoUis^ Hope,

but differs from it by its uniform black colour, the feebler

sculpture of the elytra, and the presence of the two clypeal

tubercles in the male. The basal joint of the antenna has a

serrate carina, as in 0. ruhricolliSj diaholicuSj and other allied

species.

Onthophagus cupreiceps^ sp. n.

Obscure cupreus, prothorace, elytris pygidioque fuscis, dense opacis,

parce et minutissime setiferis ; capite nitenti, Isevi, antice leviter

punctate, margine antice laevissime excise ; pretheracis lateribus

leviter sinuatis, angulis anticis paule preminentibus, hand acutis,

pesticis tote obsoletis ; elytris sat planis, hand distincte striatis ;

corpore subtus pedibusque seneo-micantibus, sat grosse punctatis.

J . Capite postice retrersum producto, cornu recurvato, acuminate,

basi laminate, quadrate ; prothorace antice leviter retuso,

laevigato.

2 . Capite antice magis punctate, sutura clypeali valde carinata,

semicirculari, vertice carina angusta, supra emarginata armato.

Long. 8-5-10 mm.

Hab. Sikkim, Khamba Jong, Tungu (13,000-16,000 ft.).

Head, legs, and underside shining coppery, with prothorax,

elytra, and pygidiurn very opaque, pitchy black, and very

minutely setose. The head is impunctate except in front,

and the front margin is very feebly refiexed and slightly

excised in the middle. The prothorax has a barely perceptible

angulation at the middle of the base, the hind angles are

completely rounded off and the sides feebly sinuated, the

front angles being prominent but not sharp. The anterior

part is shining and slightly retuse in both sexes. The elytra

are faintly striated.

^ . There is a short, sharp, curved horn arising from the

posterior edge of the head and forming a quadrate lamina

at the base. Only the front margin of the clypeus is

punctured.

$ . The horn of the male is represented by a strongly

raised truncate carina. There is a curved sutural carina, in

front of which the clypeus is rugosely punctured.

This species is very close to 0, concolor^ Sharp, but differs

30*

428

Mr. G. J. Arrow on neio

by its metallic head and underside, and the very opaque

sooty prothorax and elytra.

Onthopliagus tihetanus, sp. n.

Niger, capite, pedibus corporeque subtus micantibus ; prothorace,

elytris pygidioque sat opacis, minute setiferis ; capite antice

rugose, postice parce punctate, margine antico minute excise ;

prothorace angustissime marginato, basi medio laevissime angu-

lato, lateribus simplice arcuatis, angulis omnibus rotundatis ;

elytris leviter striatis, interstitiis vix convexis ; corpore subtus

pedibusque sat grosse punctatis.

(S . Capite postice retrorsum producto, cornu recurvato, acuminate,

basi laminate, quadrate ; prothorace antice leviter retuso,

lo3vigato.

2 . Sutura clypeali valde carinata, semicircular!, vertice carina

angusta, supra leviter emarginata armato.

Long. 7*0-10 mm.

Hob. Brahmapoutra Valley, Chaksam (12,000 ft.),

Gyangtse (13,000 ft.).

0. tihetanus is exceedingly close to 0. concolor and

0. cupreiceps^ but is easily distinguished from both by the

uniform curvature of the sides of its prothorax, which com-

pletely rounds off the front angles. The upper surface is

more opaque than that of 0, concolor ^ but less so than that

of 0. cupreiceps.

Onthopliagus vividus^ sp. n.

Yiridis vel violaceus, capite prothoraceque splendide rufo-cupreis

vel viridibus ; capite ruguloso, clypeo paulo producto, integro ;

prothorace granulate, postice medio Iseviore ; elytris planis,

subopacis, subtiliter striatis et punctatis; pygidio grosse punctato;

metasterni medio polito, antice paulo prominente.

J . Capite crebre punctato, postice cornu brevi, simplice armato ;

prothorace antice paulo et anguste excavate.

$ . Clypeo rugose, carina arcuata distincta, capite postice breviter

tuberculato ; prothorace antice nonnihil excavate.

Long. 11-15 mm.

Hah. Bangalore, Trivandrum, Nilgiri Hills.

Deep blue or green, with the abdomen, tibim and tarsi,

and the front of the clypeus nearly black, the antennm yellow,

and the head and prothorax fiery red, bronzy green, or bright

metallic green.

The form is short and compact. The clypeus is slightly

produced and pointed. The prothorax is coarsely granu-

lated, except at the middle of its posterior part, where it is

nearly smooth ; it is finely margined all round and bluntly

429

Coleoptera from the Indian Empire.

angulated in tlie middle of the base, with a slight anterior

excavation in both sexes^ which is limited behind by a pair

of opaque prominences. The anterior angles are rather

acute. The elytra are finely striated and their interstices

flat and closely punctured. The pygidium is coarsely and

evenly punctured. The front tibia2 are stout and the terminal

spur strongly bent.

d . The short cephalic horn is directed backwards with a

slight curvature, and is moderately broad at the base and

acuminate at the end. The sutural carina is not well-marked.

$ . The sutural carina of the head is distinct and the horn

is very short and blunt, generally having the appearance of

two coalescing tubercles.

This is allied to 0. igneus^ Vigors, but is generally larger

and more convex and the sculpture is stronger. In the male

the head is less produced both in front and behind. The

sexes of the new species differ little, and the less developed

males can only be distinguished from the females by a close

examination.

Onihophagus hronzeus, sp. n.

0. vivido affiais, sed obscure cupreus, elytris hand metallicis,

opacioribus, autennis pallide testaceis ; capite ruguloso, clypeo

vix producto ; prothorace ubique dense granuloso ; elytris planis,

subtiliter striatis, punctatis et setiferis.

d . Capite carina suturali curvata vix elevata raunito, postice

breviter cornuto, cornu postice inclinato, basi vix dilatato ;

prothorace antice paulo excavato et tuberculis duobus minutis

armato.

$ . Capite carina suturali curvata distincta antice raunito, cornu

postico perparura elevato ; prothorace tuberculis duobus vix

distinctis antice arraato.

Long. 12 ram.

Ilah. Nilgiri Hills [Hampson)^ Kanara [T. R. D. Bell).

This is a species very nearly related to the preceding one,

but deep bronze-coloured, with the elytra brown and quite

opaque. The prothorax is evenly granulated all over and

more finely than in 0. vividas, and the elytra are clothed

with a fine but distinct pubescence.

The horn of the male is more abrupt and scarcely widened

at the base, and the clypeus is scarcely produced in front.

0. pollicatasj Har., is another closely allied species, but

it is more elongate and the elytra are granulated and not

j)unctured.

I may note here that Harold’s supposition that 0. turhafnSj

430

Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

Walker, was described from a female of 0. sjnnifer^ F., is

not correct. The types of both are in the British Museum

collection and tlie two species are quite distinct, altho-ugh

nearly related, belonging to the group in which the male has

a single very long and slender horn curving backwards.

0. spinifer^ F., is steel-blue, with rugose elytra, and 0. tur-

hatus, Walker^ is coppery, with the elytra finely punctured.

(d) Head of the male without horn.

Onthophagus coeruleicollis^ sp. n.

Caeruleus, subtus nigro-cseriileus, pedibus piceis vel rufo-piceis ;

antennis elytrisque flavis, horum sutura fasciisque duabus trans-

versis interruptis nigris ; capite piano, dense rugoso, antice

angulato ; prothorace valde gibboso, ubique dense granulato,

postice lobato, fere angulato, lateribus valde arcuatis, angulis

anticis rotundatis, posticis obsoletis ; elytris subtiliter striatis,

iuterstitiis planis, rugose puuctatis et minutissimo setiferis ;

pygidio grosse punctato ; corpore subtus ubique punctate, parce

griseo-hirto.

Long. 5-5-8-S mm,

lldh. S. India, Dharwar, Belgaum.

Metallic blue, darker beneath, with the legs piceous or

piceous-red, the antennae testaceous and the elytra yellow,

with the suture and two transverse rows of spots black, the

spots of the posterior row sometimes coalescing into an

irregular band.

This is a small species, moderately elongate and very

convex. The head is small, flat, finely rugose, and without

horn or carina, and the clypeus is bluntly produced in the

middle. The posterior margin of the head forms a sharp

edgOj but is not produced. The prothorax is very globose,

finely granulated, and without armature or excavation, with

the sides strongly rounded, the posterior angles obliterated,

and the base lobed but scarcely angulated, the lobe indicated

by' a slight impression on each side. The elytra are finely

striated and the interstices rugosely' punctured and very

minutely setose. The pygidiurn and underside are coarsely

])unctured ■ and clothed with short greyish hairs. The front

tibiae are broad and strongly but very bluntly quadiidentate.

The sexes are apparently alike. There is no trace of horn

or carina, but a very minute tubercle sometimes traceablo

near the middle of the head probal)ly indicates the male.

This species and the following one belong to a group of

which several have been described fi’om Tropical Africa, and

of which 0. maculatuSy F., is the type. The elytra are less

rugose than is usual in this group.

Coleoptera from the Indian Empire.

431

Onthophagus regalis^ sp. n.

Laete rufo-cupreus, subtiliter flavo-setosus, corpore subtus obscure

ciipreo, elytris ochraceis minute nigro-maculatis, macula uiia

humerali, tiibus medianis quatuorque posticalibus, pygidio nigro ;

capite piano, undique transverse rugoso, antice paulo obtuse

producto, margine postico medio minute dentato, sutura clypeali

subtiliter carinata ; prothorace globoso, undique dense granuloso,

lateribus simplice arcuatis, angulis posticis obsoletis, margine

basali lobato, fere angulato ; elytris subtiliter rugosis, striatis,

interstitiis planis ; pygidio corporeque subtus dense punctatis,

bujus lateribus flavo-hirsutis ; tibiis anticis dentibus tribus

robustis munitis.

Long. 8-5 mm.

Hah. Ceylon.

Coppery-red, with the legs, pygidium, and underside

black or obscurely metallic, the antennae pale yellow, and the

elytra orange-red with about eight minute black spots on each,

one of them near the shoulder and the rest forming two

transverse lines.

The size and form are almost those of the last species.

The head is flat and finely transversely rugose, slightly

produced and recurved at the apex, with the clypeal suture

feebly carinated and an impression near the middle of the

posterior margin, which is slightly toothed. The prothorax

is very globose and finely granulated, with a slight impression

in front and one on each side of the posterior lobe, the hind

margin of which is very obtusely angular. The sides are

strongly curved and the posterior angles rounded off. The

elytra are finely striated and minutely rugosely punctured,

with an almost imperceptible yellow pubescence. Tlic

pygidium and underside are closely and deeply punctured

and the sides of the body are clothed with yellow hairs.

Specimens have been found by Mr. E. E. Green and

Col. J. W. Yerbury. I have found no external sexual

characters.

Onthophagus myrmecophilus^ sp. n.

Breviter ovatiis, depressus, politissimus, obscure cupreus ; elytris

nigris vel piceo-nigris, macula humerali plus minusve distiiicta

rufa ; corpore subtus seueo-nigro, nudo, pedibus ferrugineis ;

capite omnino Isevi, inermi, margine crebre punctato, paulo

reflexo ; prothorace subtiliter baud dense punctato ; elytris sub-

tiliter striatis, striis punctatis, interstitiis planis, Imvissimis ;

pygidio convexo, polito, minutissime punctato ; metasterni medio

polito, lateribus crebre punctatis ; pedibus brevibus, tibiis anticis

fortiter 4-dentatis, et supra minutissime serratis.

432

Mr. G. J. Arrow on neio

d . Capite ant semicirculari ant paulo ant valde prodncto, apice

minnte cmarginato ; prothorace antice valde retnso, dorso medio

late prominente, antice parnm impresso, fossa laterali sat pro-

funda, extns carinata, Carina antice pins minnsve acnte producta.

2 . Capite semicirculari ; prothorace aeqnaliter convexo, inermi.

Long. 4*5-6 mm.

JJdb, Nilgiri Hills (Barwood Estate).

Very smooth and shining, slightly coppery, with the

elytra black and marked with a more or less distinct reddish

patch on each shoulder. The form is broadly oval, rather

flat, and the legs are short. The head is very smooth,

without horns, caringe, or visible sutures, and the margin of

the clypeus is finely and closely punctured and reflexed.

The prothorax is finely punctured, with the sides regularly

curved, the posterior angles very obtuse and the base gently

curved. The scutellum is invisible. The elytra are very

finely punctate-striate, with the interstices flat and impunctate.

The pygidium is convex and ver}^ finely punctured, and the

underside smooth with the sides of the metasternum rather

closely punctured. The front tibiae are armed with four

strong teeth and very finely serrated above these. In the

four posterior tarsi the first joint is equal in length to the three

succeeding joints, but is not very much flattened.

$ . The head is produced in front, rather broad at the

apex, and very feebly bilobed. The prothorax has a broad

dorsal elevation shallowly impressed in front, and on each

side a longitudinal carina more or less acutely produced in

front, with a deep lateral cavity on each side between the

latter and the dorsal hump.

? . The head is semicircular and the prothorax quite

simple.

There is another male form in which the head is like that

of the female, although the thoracic armature may be well-

developed.

This little beetle is entirely peculiar both in habits and

appearance. It was found in some numbers by Mr. H. L.

Andrewes in a nest of the harvesting ant, PMdoJogiton

diversus, in a decaying Ficus trunk. The specimens were

taken frcm the ddbris accumulated near the entrance to the

nest, and Mr. Andrewes believes the beetle to breed in the

nest, which is probably the case. That its manner of life is

quite abnormal is sufficiently evidenced by its appearance,

which is entirely unlike that of the typical Onthophagus. The

round deq)ressed Ibrm, very shining surface, and short legs

produce, in the female at least, a strong suggestion of a

Ilisterid, but stiucturally it does not differ in any important

particular from the present genus.

Coleoptera fi'om the Indian Empire.

433

Appendix.

I liave' brought together here a few observations and

descriptions relating to certain other Oriental Lamellicornia

of tlie genera dealt with in the foregoing paper.

Cetoniidae.

Owing to the first part of this paper being very hurriedly

published and the proofs hastily corrected while absent from

town, it is necessary to rectify one or two oversights and

omissions occurring there.

I find that in re-characterIzIng the genera of the Heteror-

rhina group I have used the name Rhomborrhina in an

inadmissible sense. The type of that genus is not, as I at

first assumed, one of Hope’s species, but is stated by Hope

to be R. heroSj G. & P., one of the forms which I associated

under the name of Anomalocera. Rhomborrhina must there-

fore replace the latter name, and the group of species for

which 1 proposed to retain Hope’s genus must receive a

fresh one. These species are R. distincta^ Hope, with its

varieties flammea, Gestro, carianaj Gestro, ultramarineay

Nonfr., &c., opicalisj Westw., hyacinihina^ Hope, nigra,

Saund., japonica, Hope, and opalina, Hope. These, called

Rhomborrhina in my table (p. 350, supra), I now propose to

call

Torynorrhina, gen. nov.

Type, Rhomborrhina distincta, Hope.

Its distinctive characters are : — Head and margin of clypeus

entirely without prominences in both sexes, the clypeus

widening towards the front and its anterior margin broadly

rounded ; sternal process short, broad, widened in front of

the middle C3X£e and broadly rounded in front; front tibiae

simple and unarmed in the male, bidentate in the female ;

hind legs simple and straight in both sexes; pygidium

pubescent.

I will also formulate here in rather more detail the

characters of the other new genus established in the table

just mentioned : —

Euchloropus, gen. nov.

Type, Cetonia Iceta, Fab.

Head and margin of clypeus entirely without prominences

in both sexes, the clypeus parallel-sided, wdtli the front

margin straight ; sternal process slender, recurved, and

434

Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

pointed; front tibise simple and unarmed in the male, biden-

tate in the female ; hind tibise of the male strongly curved,

with a thick fringe at the inner edge of the posterior part;

those of the female simple.

I omitted to include in my description on p. 350 any reference

to the sexes of the new species Macronota gracilis. This is a

form allied to M. antennata^ Wallace, and was described

from a specimen of each sex. These differ very little, but

the male has the prothorax rather narrower than that of the

female, and the basal lobe more pronounced, and the front

tibise are rather slenderer and their teeth more equal.

The sexes in this genus often differ considerably both in

form and colouring, and have in several cases been described

as different species. I am not aware that it has yet been

recorded that iMacronota sculpticollis^ Thoms., is the female

cf M, 4i-vittata, Schaum, although the insect is common in

Ceylon and the fact has long been recognized. Still more

dissimilar are the sexes of M. Oherthuri^ Lansb., of which

M. liumilisj Lansb., described at the same time and from the

same place, is the female. I have seen the two forms

together in various collections, the male being silky black

with white markings, and the female dull ashy brown. It is

not common, but I associate the two forms without any

hesitation because the closely-allied M. crucicollis^ Lansb.

{—favosparsa^ Wat.), of which I have seen a large number,

has an exactly similar female. In a work in preparation I

hope to give the sexual distinctions of all the Indian species

of this genus.

Another genus in which marked diflferences between the

sexes occur, but have not hitherto been noticed, is Glycyphana^

in which also several so-called species have to be eliminated

in consequence. In his description of G. hinotata^ G. & P.,

Burmeister noted that his examples were females, and all

that I have seen of that form are of the same sex. It occurs,

however, in conjunction with another form generally regarded

(perhaps wrongly) as G. torqaata^ F., and of this our

speeimens are all males. The two differ only in their

coloration, the males having a row of four spots (instead of

only two) across the middle of the elytra, while the lateral

patches upon the pygidium are generally yellow instead of

blood-red.

A still greater difference occurs between the two sexes of

G. regalis^ Volk, of which the female ((r. celehensis, Wall.)

has the pygidium entirely black, while in the male it is

entirely orange, and the elytra have two large lateral patches

435

Coleoptera from the Indian Empire.

instead of a row of four. In the male also the scutellum is

red and each elytron has a longitudinal red stripe. In

G. Forsteni^NoW.^ which is a variety of the male of the same

species, these red markings are absent, as in the female, but

the yellow colouring is that of the male. G. hella^ Wall.,

again, wdiich has a red pygidium and red markings upon the

elytra, is the male of G. A-guttataj Volk, which is without

these.

G. andamanensis^ Jans., is another species with a very-

well-marked colour-dimorphism. A black form was described

by Thomson as G. andamana, and Kraatz recorded that this

was a variety of Janson’s species; but it has escaped obser-

vation that this is the female form, the male being invariably

green, at least in a very larg^e series which I have examined.

The two specimens from which Mr. Janson described

G. suhcinctay another Andaman species, prove to be males,

and the type of G. himaculata^ Kraatz, which I have also

been allowed to examine, is also a male of the same insect.

I have seen two females, which jpppear to me identical in all

structural features, but have an additional spot on the anterior

part of each elytron, a row of four across the middle, and a

patch on each side of the pygidium. I am inclined to regard

this as the other sex of G. suhcincta^ Jans. It appears to

correspond with the description of Getonia torquataj Fab.,

but as tlie locality of Fabricius’s insect (now in the Copen-

hagen Museum) is unknown, only a careiul comparison can

decide the point.

Glycyphana lateraHsf Wall., is only a colour- variety of

G> perviridisy AVaik, of which both sexes in normal specimens

are green. The single type specimen of the variety is a

female, in which sex the pygidium is marked by a broad

furrow.

I may perhaps note here that the Australian SchizorrhinF''

pidchra, Mach, is a species of Glycyphana.

In describing Ileterorrhina horneensis and mitrata from

female speclriiens, Mr. A. K. AA^allace suggested that the male

might prove to be similar to H. dives^ Westw. Both sexes

of the first species are now in the British Museum collection

and, contrary to expectation, there is no difference in the form

of the head, but the male of II. mitrata is still unknown. So

exactly does the female correspond with the figure of the

unique II. dives in Gory and Percheron’s Monograph, that I

regard it as extremely probable that they are tlie same.

Schaum recorded in .1849 that he had seen a female of

II. dives (apparently II. mitrata) in the Linnean Society’s

collection, but this cannot now be found.

43G

Mr. G. J. Arrow on new

Melolonthidse.

Tlie name Dejeania lias been used in tliree different

orders of Insects, the genus having the priority belonging to

the Diptera. The Coleopterous genus should be called

.DichelomorpJia, that name liaving been given by Buvmeister

to a Chinese species [D ichdomorpha ochraceo) placed by him

among the Ilopliinee, but allied to the insect I have described

in the present paper. The type of Blanchard’s genus

{Dejeania alsiosa) is an insect of very different appearance,

but these extreme forms are linked together by the new

species {D, lineata^ Arrow) and others described and un-

described, and all may best remain in one genus until the

time comes for a comprehensive study of them.

Hybosoridae.

PhcEodiroops gigas^ sp. n.

P. hidico proxime affinis, major, minus grosse punctatus ; prothoracis

lateribus baud denticulatis, vix arcuatis, medio leviter angulatis,

angulis posticis magis acuminatis, elytrorum costis paulo laevi-

oribus, magis elevatis ; abdomine magis rugoso ; tibiis 4 posteri-

oribiis hand transverse carinatis.

Long. 15 mm.

Ilah. Borneo, Pengaron ; Perak.

Specimens were found by Mr. Doherty in both the above

localities. They closely resemble the new Indian species,

but are larger, the puncturing of the upper surface is a litt'e

less dense, the prothorax is less uniformly curved at the sides,

which are not denticulated, and the hind angles are more

evident. The elytral costae are a little more elevated and

the hind tibiae are not interrupted at the middle of the outer

edge by a transverse carina.

Phceodiroops acuticollis^ sp. n.

Statnra pracedentium sed opacior, rugosius punctatus, magis regu-

lariter setosus ; prothorace cmnino crebre punctato-rugoso,

lateribus distincte eleYatis, fere red is, angulis posticis paulo pro-

ductis ; eljtris densissimc punctatis, singnlo fortiter tricostato,

costis lacvibus, sat parce lufo-setosis ; tibiis 4 posterioribus baud

transYcrse carinatis, posticis gracilibus.

Long. 14 mm.

JIah. Borneo, Kina Balu.

A single specimen found by Mr. Doherty is in the Biitish

]\Iuseum collection. It is more densely sculptured than either

of the preceding species, the hind angles of the prothorax are

437

Coleoptera from the Indian Empire.

sliglitly produced, the costae of the elytra are sliarp, and the

long reddish hairs are situated at regular intervals upon

them.

Copridae.

Cassolas peninsularisj sp. n.

Latus, convexus, nigro-cupreus, pedibus castaneis, capite crebre

pimctato, qiiadridentato ; prothorace subtilifcer punctato, lateribus

valde arcuatis, angulis posticis fere obsoletis ; elytris imrnacu-

latis, striatis, striis subtiliter puuctatis ; pygidio fortiter puric-

tato; tibiis anticis serratis, dentibus tribiis validis, tarsoruin

posteriorum articulis fere aequalibus.

S . Tibiis anticis subtus unispinosis, dente apicali lato, truncate ;

tibiis posticis gracilioribus, sinuatis, intus denticulatis.

Long. 4-5 mm.

Hah. Perak, Penang.

This is like the Indian species, but rather broader in form

and without the humeral spot. It is also less strongly

punctured, and in the structure of the legs peculiar to the

males there are remarkably pronounced differences between

the two.

Onthophagus huffalo^ sp. n.

Niger, robustus, elytris corporeque subtus breviter brunneo-setosis ;

capite sat lato, subtiliter rugoso-punctato, margine reflexo, haucl

excise ; prothorace fortiter punctato, marginato, postice pro-

fun de longitudinaliter sulcato, lateribus sinuatis, angulis posticis

valde obtusis ; elytris striatis, interstitiis convexis, dense punc-

tatis ; pygidio fere rugose punctato ; metasterni medio nitido,

parce sat grosse punctato.

(S . Capite carinato, postice cornubus duobus curvatis, baud longis

armato, cornubus basi carina medio leviter dentata connexis ;

prothoracis dorso elevato, antice recte truncate, lateribus valde

depressis, fere impuuctatis, nitidis, marginibus valde sinuatis,

antice contractis, baud productis ; tibiis anticis paulo elongatis.

$ . Capite Carina suturali aliaque frontali medio dentata armato ;

prothorace carina transversa distincta munito.

Long. 11-13 mm.

Hah. Java, Borneo, Labuan.

This is very closely related to 0. rugalosus, Har., and

0. productuSj Arrow, but the posterior part of the prothorax

is less shar[,tly carinated and more deeply sulcated longi-

tudinally in the middle. In the male the prothorax is less

narrowed and produced in front, and the anterior angles are

not hollowed out. The head in the same sex is less narrow,

it has a distinct carina upon the clypeal suture, and the

carina connecting the horns (which are of the same form) is

438 On new Coleoptera from the Indian Empire.

dentate in tlie middle. The elongation of the front tibise of

the male is much less marked.

Rufo-cupreiis, elytris nigris ; capite rugoso, absque carinis trans-

versis, antice producto ; prothorace paruin convexo, basi medio

leviter angulato ; elytris sat opacis, subtiliter striatis, interstitiis

minute punctulatis ; pygidio crebre punctato ; metasterno ubique

punctato, antice paulo acuminato ; tibiis anticis minute serratis,

dentibus 4 validis.

S . Corpore supra et subtus breviter fulvo-setoso ; clypeo dilatato,

antice excavato, Imvigato, profunde emarginato, medio longe et

anguste producto, processu late bifido, recurvato, intra oculos

tuberculo parvo, compresso ; prothorace confertim granuloso,

medio antice anguste longitudinaliter carinato, postice medio

obtuse angulato ; an tennis perinsignibus, articulis 4 -6 brevibus,

latis, 7 cupuliformi, 8 biramoso, 9 multiramoso.

5 . Corpore fere nudo, supra et subtus subtiliter punctato ; clypeo

leviter rugoso, antice paulo producto, integro, inermi ; antennis

simplicibus ; prothorace postice medio dentato.

Long. 10-12 mm.

Hah. E. Borneo, Pontianak.

Reddish bronze, with the elytra black, and not very convex

or shining. The male has the surface finely setose above

and below, and the head broad and rugose, except in front,

where it is smooth and hollowed, with a strong emargination

Onthophagus egregius, sp. n.

Head and antennae (seen from above and below) : enlarged.

in front, from the middle of which springs a slender process

curving upwards and bifurcated broadly at the end. There

is a slight longitudinal carina between the eyes. The pro-

thorax is granulated, longitudinally carinated in the middle,

with a slight angulation at the middle of the hind margin.

The elytra are finely striated, with the interstices closely and

Onthophagus egregius^ sp. n.

On a remarkable Mountain Viscacha, 439

finely punctured, and the pygidium and underside are strongly

punctured.

The female is more finely punctured and almost devoid of

setae, with the head simple and slightly pointed in front.

Tlie prothorax is minutely and not closely punctured, without

a median carina, and is rather more sharply angulated at

the middle of the base. The elytra and underside are also

more finely punctured than in the male.

The species is remarkable for the extraordinary structure

of the antennae characteristic of the male, which is quite

unlike anything hitherto known. The last three joints of

the footstalk are broad and close-fitting, and the seventh joint

forms a hollow half-hemisphere, covering the two remaining

joints as seen from beneath. The eighth joint sends off a

slender branch on each side, and each branch is toothed

underneath ; and the last joint has a slender footstalk, which

gives off two similar toothed branches on each side, dimin-

ishing in length, and is broad at the end, partly shutting

in at the extremity of the antenna the whole complicated

apparatus.

The antennae of the female are quite normal.

A series of specimens, chiefly males, have been obtained

by M. Rene Obertliilr’s collectors.

LT. — On a remarkable Mountain Viscacha from Southern

Patagonia, with Diagnoses vf other Members of the Group.

By Oldfield Thomas.

The British Museum owes to its generous and indefatigable

contributor, Mr. J. A. Wolffsohn, C.M.Z.S., three examples of

a fine Viscaccia^ from a locality far south of any place where

members of this group have been p)eviously recorded, ddie

animal is quite distinct from any hitherto known, and I

* In his paper on the nomenclature of this group, Dr. F. Lahille

(An. Soc. Cient. Argent. Ixii. p. 39, 1906) seems to have come to quite

correct conclusions, including the allocation of Viscaccia to the Mountain

Viscachas, formerly known as Lagidium. But with the fate that has

as yet always befallen writers on this most difficult and complicated

subject, he has made a mistake in crediting the name Viscnccia to Molina,

for although the latter did say in 1810 that the animal ought to have a

special geueric name, he did not give it one, only using Viscaccia in such

a way that it cannot be distinguished from the vernacular term.

However, fortunately, Oken in 1816 used the term Viscaccia in a techni-

cally valid manner, with Legus chilensis ’’ as its type, choosable as

such whether by elimination or by the first-species rule.

440

Mr. 0. Thomas on a

propose to name it in lionour of its donor, to whom tlie

JMuseum is indebted for series of all the mammals of Central

Chili.

Viscaccia Wolffsohni, sp. n.

A large species with long fur strongly suffused with orange ;

tail very bushy.

Size large, form stout and robust, the size appearing even

larger than the truth owing to the very long rich fur, of which

the wool-hairs are over 35 mm. in length and the long hairs

upwards of 50 mm. General colour above of head and body

approaching clay-colour (Ridgway), though brighter and

clearer; the wool-hairs, which give the predominating colour,

brownish slaty for four- fifths their length, their ends creamy

buff darkening to clay-colour. Below, on the lower cheeks,

throat, chest, and belly, the terminal colour becomes richer

and redder, attaining almost to ‘Gawny.” A distinct white

spot on each axilla and on each side of the inguinal region.

Dorsal dark line little marked. Head like back. Ears

comparatively short, thickly and closely haired, their backs

black, their inner surfaces with whitish hairs, and there is a

marked line of creamy-tipped hairs running across their bases

above. Arms with tawny-tipped hairs, the tawny or yellowish

colour extending to the tips of the toes. Hind limbs duller,

more browmish clay-colour; the feet very large and heavy.

Tail far finer than in any other form, immensely bushy, the

hairs of its dorsal crest attaining over 150 mm. ; in colour

the upper, crested side is mixed black and buff or ochraceoiis

buff ; underside black, finely grizzled with glossy ochraceous

buff.

Bkull comparatively large and heavy ; nasals expanded in

front; palatal foramina rather short; bullre not so much

swollen as usual.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) : —

Head and body 470 mm.; tail 305 ; hind foot 107 ; ear 65.

Skull: greatest length 91 ; basilar length 75*5 ; zygomatic

breadth 50; breadth of brain-case on parietal bones 34*2;

length of upper tooth series (crowns) 22.

Hah. Sierra de los Baguales y de las Vizcachas, lat.

50° 50' S., long. 72° 20' W., on the boundary between Chili

and Argentina.

Type. Adult female. B.M.no. 7. 4. 5. G. Original number

277. Collected 1st February, 1907, by Mr. John A. Wolffsohn.

Three specimens.

In the interesting account which Mr. W olffsolm has

sent me of the capture of these specimens, he states that

remarhahle Mountain Viscacha.

441

Mr. Ferrier_, who owns a farm in that district, at the foot of

Mount Payne, says that the Sierra de los Baguales is known

to be the most southern part in which Vizcachas occur, and

between that range and much farther north there are none

at all.”

The species is readily distinguishable from all other

members of the genus by its large size, rich colour, long fur,

immensely bushy tail, and short black ears.

With characteristic modesty Mr. Wolffsohn has suggested

that the species should be named after Mr. McClelland, the

President of his Company, to whom he owed the pleasure of

his trip to Patagonia, but in view of the immense amount

of help w^e have received from Mr. Wolffsohn, I have

ventured to disregard his request, and to name this fine

animal after him.

AVhile working out Viscaccia Wolffsohni I have found the

different races of this genus, of which the British Museum

possesses a large number of specimens, to be both numerous

and yet locally so constant as to deserve recognition by name.

The fine series obtained by the late Mr. Perry O. Simons

during his exploration of the Andes is especially rich in

noteworthy forms.

Asa preliminary I propose to give short diagnoses of such

as I believe to be new, hoping to return to the subject later,

when still further material is available.

Of the old names : —

Viscaccia. viscaccia, Molina, is the large deep grey animal

from the Chilian Andes, with a short ill-defined dorsal line,

yellow belly, the tail with long grey crest and with its

underside, although blackish, not sharply defined black.

V. Cuvieri, Benn., and, more doubtfully, V.pallipes, Benn.,

appear both to be referable to a strongly yellowish form

found in Northern Chili, localized specimens from Iquique

and Tarapacd being in the Museum.

F. peruana, Meyen, I cannot certainly identify, as of none

of the specimens before me can it be said that auf dem

Bauche, besonders zwischen den hintern Extremitaten, sind

die Haare zierlich weiss gefarbt,” all having the belly of a

more or less yellow colour, which is generally deepest in the

inguinal region. Some form agreeing with Meyen^s descrip-

tion will no doubt yet be found.

In the absence of exact knowledge of the local relationship

of the different forms to each other, I provisionally use

binomial names for all.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix.

31

442

Mr. 0. Thomas on

Viscaccia inca, sp. n.

Pale grey (between grey no. 8 and smoke-grey), without

or with very faint trace of dorsal stripe. Wool-hairs about

30 mm. Belly well-defined pale yellow, the axillary white

spots distinct. Feet creamy white. Tail not sharply bi color,

the underside only slightly darkened proximally.

Hind foot (on skin) 85 mm. ; skull, greatest length 81.

Hab. Junin, Peru. Type from Incapirca, Zezioro.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 94. 8. 6. 20. Collected by

J. Kalinowski, 8th May, 1890. Three specimens.

Viscaccia arequipoe, sp. n.

Posterior body grey like V. inca.^ but the fore-back and

shoulders more buffy. Dorsal line present, though incon-

spicuous. Wool-hairs of back about 30 mm. Undersurface

pale yellow. Feet white. Tail distinctly and sharply bicolor,

the under surface and end black.

Hind foot (measured fresh) 92 mm. ; skull, greatest

length 79.

Hah. Sumbay, near Arequipa. Alt. 4000 m.

Type. Subadult male. B.M. no. 0. 10. 1. 93. Collected

4th July, 1900, by P. O. Simons. Four specimens.

Viscaccia suhrosea^ sp. n.

The grey distinctly suffused with pinkish buff, the re-

sulting general colour approaching broccoli-brown.^’ Dorsal

line scarcely perceptible. Under surface inclined to pink,

nearest to ‘^salmon-buff.” Feet pinkish buff. Tail not very

sharply bicolor, although more so than in V, inca.

Hind foot (fresh) 85 mm. ; skull, greatest length 77.

Hah. Galera, W. of Oroya, Dept. Lima. Alt. 4800 m.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 0. 7. 7. 53. Collected

24th February, 1900, by P. O. Simons. Four specimens.

Viscaccia saturata^ sp. n.

Colour much darker than in the previous species, an olive-

grey nearly as dark as Ridgway’s “ olive,” sometimes

marbled with black along the dorsal area ; no distinct dorsal

line. Wool-hairs about 26-27 mm. in length. Under

surface cream-buff. Feet white. Tail distinctly bicolor, the

under surface glossy black. Skull broader than usual, the

nasals much swollen.

Hind foot (fresh) 95 mm.; length of skull 80.

443

new Species of Viscaccla.

Ilah. Limbane, Inambari, Dept. Puno. Alt. 3500 m.

Type, Adult male. B.M. no. 1. 1. 1 . 52. Collected 26th

July, 1900, byP. 0. Simons. Three specimens.

Viscaccia punensis^ sp. n.

Size small. Colour more brownish grey, the area across

tbe shoulders specially brown. Dorsal line fairly distinct.

Wool-hairs about 24 mm. Under surface dull creamy

whitish, the brown basal part of the hairs less hidden than

usual. Axillary white spots well marked. Feet white.

Tail sharply bicolor, the light part of the crest nearly white;

the under surface and end black.

Hind foot (on skin) 90 mm. ; length of skull 76*5.

Hah. Puno, Lake Titicaca. Alt. 3800 m.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 97. 10. 3. 51. Collected

1st April, 1896, by J. Kalinowski. Six specimens.

Viscaccia cuscus, sp. n.

Size large. Colour deep grey, about grey no. 5 ; dorsal

line very distinct, black, about 300 mm. in length. Wool-

hairs about 23 mm. Under surface ^‘bufF” or “pinkish

buff^’ ; axillary white patches unusually large. Feet cream-

colour. Tail grizzled grey, not markedly bicolor, the prox-

imal part of the under surface above blackish.

Hind foot (fresh) 102 mm. ; length of skull 91.

Hab. Paratani, Bolivia (about 66° W., 17° 5' S ). Alt.

2600 m.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 2.1.1.104. Collected

9th April, 1901, by P. O. Simons. One specimen.

Viscaccia lutea, sp. n.

Colour between cream-buff and clay-colour ; dorsal line

fairly distinct, about 150 mm. in length ; wool-hairs about

29-30 mm. Under surface cream-buff ; the axillary spots

well marked. Feet creamy. Tail bicolor, the upper crest

mixed with blackish.

Hind foot (on skin) 95 mm. ; length of skull 85.

Hah. Esperanza, Sahama, Bolivia. Alt. 4000 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 98.3.16.22. Collected

12th May, 1897, by Gustav Garlepp. Four specimens.

Viscaccia perlutea^ sp. n.

Like V. lutea^ but the colour throughout a richer buffy.

Face clearer grey. Dorsal line very strong, nearly 200 mm.

31*

444 Occurrence of the Edible Dormouse in Sardinia.

in length ; wool-hairs about 28 mm. Under surface rich

buff instead of cream-buff. Feet cream-buff. Tail bicolor,

not sharply defined, the light hairs of the crest yellowish,

instead of the usual greyish white.

Hind foot (fresh) 100 mm. ; length of skull 82.

Hah. Pampa Aulliaga, Bolivia (67° W., 19° 30' S.). Alt.

3800 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 2. 2. 2. 89 bis. Collected

22nd October, 1901, by P. 0. Simons. Two specimens.

Viscaccia tucumana^ sp. n.

Colour clear grey, with scarcely a trace of drab ; dorsal

stripe short, fairly distinct, rather over 100 mm. in length.

Hairs of back about 24 mm. in length. Under surface

buff and cream-buff; the axillary white spots distinct. Feet

creamy. Tail not markedly bicolor ; the crest intermixed

black and greyish white, the underside black proximally,

greyer distally.

Hind foot (on skin) 91 mm. ; length of skull 85.

Hah. Cumbre de Mala-Mala, Sierra de Tucuman. Alt.

3000 m.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 5. 10. 29. 6. Collected

10th April, 1904, by L. Hinelli. Six specimens.

LTI. — -On the Occurrence of the Edible Dormouse {Genus

Glis) in Sardinia. By Oldfield Thomas.

Up to the present time no trustworthy record has existed of

the occurrence of the edible dormouse either in Sardinia or

Corsica, such references to ‘‘ Ghiri ” as have been published

possibly, indeed probably, referring to Eliomys.

From the palaeontological list Glis is also absent*; but

Dr. Forsyth Major has been good enough to inform me that

he knows of an undoubted Glis from the Pleistocene of

Corsica, a fact which has an important bearing on the question

as to the really indigenous position of the animal I am about

to describe.

The British Museum owes to Sr. Giuseppe Meloni, of

Lanusei, Eastern Sardinia, a number of examples of a

dormouse discovered by him in the neighbourhood of that

place, and a careful comparison with a series of Glis italicus

from various parts of Italy convinces me that the Sardinian

form is distinct enough to require a name. I therefore

propose to term it

Willi the, exception of a reference by Studiati in T.a Marmora’s

^ Geology of Sardinia,’ and this may, again, be very possibly an Ulwfnys.

On a new Genus and Sj.)ecies of Muscida3.

445

Glis Melonii, sp» n.

Like G. italicusy but greyer in colour and with a different

tail.

General characters and size as in the Italian species, the

upper premolar small and comparatively simple as in that

animal. Colour, instead of being drab or drab-grey as is the

case in italicus, clear grey, without drab suffusion, approxi-

mating to grey no. 6 of Ridgway. Tail very thick and

bushy at the base, tapering terminally to the comparatively

narrow tip ; quite evenly broad throughout in G. italicus.

In colour, while at least the terminal half, and sometimes

more, of the tail in italicus is brown or blackish, in Melonii

only the tip is darkened, the grizzled grey extending for from

two thirds to three fourths of the length of the tail ; the tip

itself is also darker, often really black ; under surface with

the usual white line along the proximal two thirds.

Skull and dentition as in G. italicus.

External dimensions apparently about as in G. italicus,

but the skins seem to be stretched, and no useful purpose

would be served by measuring them.

Skull of type : greatest length 4^ mm. ; basilar length 34;

greatest breadth 35 ; nasals 13* *5; interorbital breadth 5*5 ;

length of upper tooth series 7*6.

Hah. (of type). Marcurighe, Urzulei, Ogliastra, Sardinia..

Other specimens from Monte Nieddu.

Type. Adult male in British Museum. Collected by

Sr. Giuseppe Meloni. Twelve specimens examined.

Signor Meloni informs me that this dormouse is only found

in the Forests of Urzulei and Orgosolo, while it appears to

be quite absent from the other forests of the island.

LIII. — A new Genus and Species of Phlebotomic Miiscidge.

from Aden. By Ernest E. Austen.

Stomoxybinjs.

Stygeromyia *, gen. nov.

In some respects intermediate between Stomoxys, Geoff.,

Bcematobia'\ j Rob.-Desv.,and Lyperosia, Rond, (sensu Bezzi).

* (TTvyepos, hateful ; fxv7a, a fly.

t The present writer cannot agree with Speiser (Zeitschr. f. wiss.

Insektenbiol. Bd. i. (1905) p. 461), whom he regrets to see has recently

been followed by Bezzi (“ Mosche Ematofaghe,” Rendiconti del R. 1st.

Bomb, di sc. e lett., serie ii. vol. xl. 1907, p. 17 [sep. imp.] ; and ‘ Katalog

UG

Mr. E. E. Austen on a neio

Li general appearance and form of body similar to Stomoxys^

but in shape of proboseis and palpi resembling Ilcematohiaj

though with arista feathered only on upper side, as in Sto-

moxys and Lyperosia. — Head somewhat flattened from front

to rear, with basioccipital region only slightly swollen ; pro-

boscis short, stout, and shining, of uniform thickness through-

out, not tapering to the tip, chitinous, but terminated by a

pair of small fleshy labella ; palpi equal to proboscis in

length, large, clavate towards the tips, curving upwards, and

with stout bristles on the outer side at the distal extremity.

Bristles of thorax : — Humeral^ 3. Post-humeral^ 1. Noto-

pleural^ 2. Prcesutural, 1. Supra-alar^ 1. Intra-alar^ 1.

Post-alar j 2. Dorso-central, 6 (1 in front of and 5 behind

the suture). Inner dorso-central ^ 1. Scutellar^ 4 (1 prse-

basal, 1 basal, 1 discal, 1 apical) Mesopleuraly 9 or 10,

wider apart than in Stomoxys or Ilcematohia. Stern opleural^ 1

(posterior, as in Stomoxys, instead of 1 : 1, as in Ilcematohia) .

Wings with first posterior cell narrowly open at the tip,

the width of the opening being precisely that seen in the same

cell in the wing oi Musca corvina, Fabr., and less than half

der Palaarktischen Dipteren,’ Bd. iii.), in transferring to this genus, from

its time-honoured position among the Tachiuinse, Meigen’s name Siphona.

So far from Meigen’s diagnosis, published in 1803 (Illiger’s ‘ Magazin fiir

Inselitenkunde,’ Bd. ii. p. 281), applying just as well to Hmnatohia, Ilob.-

W&y., to Bucentes, Latr. { = Siphona, Mg., Syst. Beschr. iv. (1824),

p. 154, et aiict.), as erroneousl}^ asserted by Speiser, the statements con-

cerning the bare arista and “ gebrochen ” proboscis show that it does

nothing of the kind. On the contrary, it must be evident to any unbiassed

investigator that, when writing his diagnosis of 1803, Meigen had in view

identically the same genus as that subsequently characterized by him in

greater detail in the volume of the ‘ Systematische Beschreibuug’ pub-

lished in 1824, and illustrated in tab. xxxvii. of that work, tigs. 18-25.

Strangely enough, in view of the course that he has seen tit to adopt, this

contention is actually advanced by Bezzi (toe. cit. pp. 17-18, sep. imp.) !

In dealing his perfectly gratuitous blow at the stability of Muscid nomen-

clature, Speiser relies chietly on the fact that Meigen appended to his

1803 diagnosis of Biphona, as “ type ” or ‘^example,” the name “ Stomoxys

irriUms, Fabr.,” which is now admitted to be a synonym of Ilcematohia

{Stomoxys) stimulans, Mg. This argument, however, goes for naught in

view of the statements in the diagnosis itself, to which attention has

already been drawn ; and, as Bezzi remarks {loc. cit. p. 18, sep. imp.),

there appears to have been some mistake as regards the species given as

the type of the genus Siphona. It may well be that ‘‘ irritans,’’’ Fabr.,

was simply a layisus calami for “ minuta'd Fabr., since in Syst. Beschr. iv.

p. 155, Stomoxys minuta, Fabr., is given by Meigen himself as a synonym

of Sipho7ia (Mnsca) yeniciilata, Beg., the species which there follows

immediately after the detailed description of the genus Siphona.

* For the nomenclature of the bristles of the scutellum, cf. Girschnor,

“ Ueber die Scutellarbeborstung der Musciden,” Wiener entoinologische

Zeitung, xx. Jahrg. (1901), pp. 71-72, Taf. i. tigs. 4-7.

447

Genus and Species o/Muscidoe.

of that exhibited by the first posterior cell in the case of

Stomoxys calcitrans^ L. ; apical portion of fourth vein beyond

the bend perfectly straight^ not bent inwards at the extremity,

as in Stomoxys and Hcematohia.

Typical species, Stygerornyia maculosa^ sp. n.

Stygeromyia maculosa j sp. n.

S . Length mm. ; length of wing 6^ mm. ; width of

head mm. ; width of front at narrowest part ^ mm., slightly

wider at vertex j length of proboscis from base of chitinous

• portion to tip of labella 1^ mm.; width of thorax at trans-

verse suture 2^ mm. ; width of abdomen at hind margin of

second segment 2| mm.

Entirely smoke-grey striped and spotted with hromn^

bristles and hair entirely black palpi and tibice orange-buff

(anterior surface of hind tibiae suffused with grey) ; wings

hyaline^ basal portion of third vein with some 7 or 8 bristles,

wide apart and exceedingly minute.

Head. — Face and front yellowish silvery, posterior surface

grey ; ground-colour of face ochraceous ; frontal stripe

walnut-brown, narrovy, slightly narrower than orbits in middle,

expanding above and below, lower extremity enclosing usual

silvery spot above base of antenna; antennce^ first and second

joints and base of third joint on inner side below orange-

rufous, remainder of third joint and arista dark brown ; hairs

on upper side of arista long, 11 or 12 in number ; palpi with

short black bristles on outer side on distal two-thirds, three

or four bristles at extreme tip of each palpus longer than

remainder, and very conspicuous when insect is examined under

a lens ; middle portion of lower margin of each palpus beset

with a series of fine and rather long black hairs ; proboscis.

dark chestnut-brown. Thorax. — Brown markings on dorsum

as follows : — a pair of narrow admedian stripes extending

from anterior margin across transverse suture and terminating

at one-fourth the distance between suture and prsescutellar

furrow ; a somewhat lighter-coloured median stripe., which,

commencing a short distance in front of the inner dor so-central

bristles, disappears close to hind margin, and reappears again

as a faintly marked fleck on base of scutellum ; two broader

spots on each side near transverse suture, one in front of

suture, immediately behind post-humeral bristle, the other

behind suture, between supra-alar bristle and the dorso-central

row, and nearer to the latter; the last-mentioned spot is

^ For names of colours see Ridgway, ‘ A Nomenclature of Colors for

Naturalists’ (Boston : Little, Brown, and Company, 1886).

448

Bibllograjyhical Notices,

somevvliat elongate, and all the thoracic markings, except the

short posterior median stripe and the fleck on the base of the

scutellum, are somewhat shining : tlie general arrangement of

the thoracic markings, except for the presence of a fleck on

tlie base of the scutellum, is similar to that seen in tlie case

of the $ of Iloimatohia stimulans, Mg. Abdomen rounded,

the upper surface strongly arched ; first segment unspotted ;

second^ third, and fourth segments with an elongate median

spot of mummy-brown^ and a lateral spot on each side) the

median spots on the second and third segments are guttate,

and that on the second segment is in contact with the front

margin, but does not quite reach the hind margin ; the

median spot on the third segment is not in contact with either

front or hind margins; the same spot on the fourth segment

takes the form of a narrow median stripe extending from the

front margin to a point one-third of the length of the segment

from the hind margin ; the lateral spots on the second segment

are the largest of all and transverse. Legs. — Femora greyish,

except tips, which are orange- buff ; front tarsi cinnamon-

rufous, middle and hind tarsi darker, last joint of all tarsi

ferruginous.

One specimen. Little Aden, Arabia. 8. ii. 1895. {Lieut.-

Colonel Yerhury.) Type in British Museum (Natural

History).

The British Museum is indebted to the generosity of

Colonel Yerbury, whose remarkable energy as a collector of

Hiptera is well known, for the enrichment of its collection

with the type of the new genus and species described above.

Although the donor has unfortunately been unable to find in

his diaries any reference to the habits of the insect, there can

be no doubt, from its evident affinities and from the shape

of its proboscis, that Stygeromyia maculosa is a blood-sucker ;

and it is to be hoped that we may ere long receive, in addition

to a series of specimens of both sexes, full details as to the

bionomics of this striking addition to the Stomoxydinae.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Fishes of Japan, an Account principally on Economic Species. By

Keinosukb Otaki, Tsunenobu Etjjita, and Tadashi Higuhasui.

Text roy. 8vo ; plates imper. 4to. Tokyo, 1903-7. (Publishers :

Shokwabo, Tokyo.)

This work has been in progress for several years. Excellent in its

plan, object, and execution, it is characteristic of the thoroughness

with which the Japanese Naturalists have mastered western

449

Blhliograpliical Notices,

scientific methods, as well as of their national aptitude for rendering

their work generally useful by combining practical instruction with

purely technical detail.

The text of each number consists of two separate portions : the

first, which is written in English, contains a technical description ot*

each species with an account of its distribution in Japan, its habits,

propagation, economic value, and, in a condensed form, of the

implements and modes of capture. The second portion is a

Japanese reproduction of the former, but in it the authors enter

more fully into such details as possess a special local interest ; it is

illustrated by numerous text-figures of the implements and

apparatus employed by the Japanese fishermen, many of which are

very ingenuous, while a few are admittedly foreign importations.

Some spirited sketches of fishing-operations cannot fail to delight

the fisherman’s heart, and a study of them may be useful or give

new ideas to the expert of other lands.

The figures of the fishes have been taken from fresh specimens

and are most faithful representations ; although every attention is

paid to an accurate delineation of structural details, ichthyologists

will readily recognize in them an artistic family-likeness to the

illustrations in Siebold’s ‘ Fauna Japonica.’

The authors do not hamper themselves with a systematic

sequence of the species admitted in their work. Of the four parts

that have appeared up to the present, the first (1903) treats of

Lateolahrax japonicus^ Latilus sinensis, Thynnus affinis, and Seriola

quinquei'adiata. The importance of the last two may be gathered

from the fact that in 1899 the catch of the Tunny amounted to

79,124,002 pounds, valued at about .£394,000, and that of the

Seriola in 1901 to 44,731,405 pounds, valued at i209,000.

Of the food-fishes treated of in the second part (1904) — Scombrops

chilodipteroides, Scomber colias, Trachurus japonicus, Caranx

muroadsi, Paralichthys olivaceus — the most valuable is the Spanish

Mackerel, identical with the European form, its capture being

valued on an average at <£120,000 a year.

In the third part (1906) Spams Schlegelii, Thynnus Sclilegelii,

Clupea melanosticta, Chaioessus punctatus, and two freshwater fishes,

Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus, are included. As to the

Carp, it is interesting to notice that this fish is regarded as “ one

of the table dainties,” and that its culture has been practised in

Japan as far back as the first century. Goldfish are generally

distributed over the islands, even the smallest streams being

stocked with this species ; its culture is known to have been well-

developed in the ninth century.

Part 4 (1907) contains descriptions and figures of nine species :

Pagrus major, Oncorhynclius keta, Plecoglossus altivelis, Salmo

mason, Hypomesus olidus, Salanx microdon, Anguilla japonica,

Murcenesox cinereus, and Conger anago. The first of these is of

great commercial value, estimated at £326,000 per annum. The

small Plecoglossus is highly esteemed for the table, and aflfords

principally sport with Cormorants ; some places in the Miuo

450

Geological Societg.

Province have been famous for this mode of fishing since the reign

of the Emperor Jimmu, the founder of the nation more than 2500

years ago. A. G.

The British Woodlice, being a Monograph of the Terrestrial Isopod

Crustacea occurring in the British Islands. By Wilfred Mirk

Wedb and Charles Silleh. With 25 Plates and 59 Figures in

the Text. [Reprinted from the ‘ Essex Naturalist/ vol. xiv.

1905 -6.] 8vo. Duckworth & Co., 1906. Pp. x, 54. Qs. net.

Hitherto the British terrestrial Arthropoda other than the most

attractive insects have received comparatively little attention from

the general public, and we are glad to welcome a well-executed

monograph of one of these neglected groups on which hitherto there

has been no popular or easily accessible work. Moreover, as it is

a small group, it has been possible to deal with the subject in greater

detail than if a great number of species required to be noticed in a

limited space. In the present work seventeen species are described

and figured from Essex, including Ligia oceanica^ a sea-shore species,

which was very properly included as being closely allied to the

terrestrial species and too important and interesting to be omitted.

Besides these, eight species are described which have occurred in

other parts of the British Islands but have not yet been recorded

from Essex, making twenty-five British species in all. Now that

attention has been called to the group, others will doubtless soon be

added to the list.

The book commences Avith a well-written account of the position,

geological history, and structure of the group, the structure and

anatomy being well illustrated. This is followed by remarks

on habits, use in medicine, names, cpllecting and preservation,

classification, and tables of genera. Then follows the detailed

description of genera and species, and a good Bibliography closes a

volume which deserves the attention of all who are interested in

the zoology of the British Islands. W. F. K.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Januaiy 9th, 1907. — Sir Archibald Geikie, D.C.L., Sc.D., Sec.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communications were read : —

1. ‘ On the Cretaceous Formation of Bahia (Brazil) and on the

Yertebrate Fossils contained therein.’ By Joseph Mawson, F.G.S.,

and Dr. Arthur Smith Woodward, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.

This paper relates to a series of estuarine and freshwater deposits

originally described to the Geological Society by the late Samuel

Allport, in 1859. The results of thirty years’ collecting of fossils

Miscellaneous.

4j1.

are summarized, and the distribution of the formation, so far as

determined, is marked on a map. The strata are disturbed by

numerous dislocations and discordant dips, and no regular succes-

sion of zones or horizons can be discovered. All the more

important vertebrate fossils collected are now in the British Museum

(Natural History). From these a few remains of new species are

selected for special description. A mandibular symphysis of a

very large crocodile, with a long garial-like snout, belongs to one

of the Goniopholidae. Some Dinosaurian vertebrae seem to belong

to the Iguanodont group. A large fish-skull represents a new

genus allied to Macropoma^ and indicates a species five or six times

as large as any Coelacanth previously discovered. The discussion of

a complete list of the fossil Vertebrata proves that the formation is

of Cretaceous age, and suggests that it may be Lower Cretaceous,

as supposed by Hartt.

2. ‘ On a New Dinosaurian Reptile from the Trias of Lossiemouth,

Elgin.’ By Arthur Smith Woodward, LL.D., E.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.

Mr. W^illiam Taylor, of Elgin, has recently discovered two

skeletons of a small new reptile in the Triassic sandstone of

Lossiemouth. Two imperfect skeletons of the same species are

also shown on a slab of the same sandstone in the British Museum

(Natural History). The head and trunk measure only 4 inches in

length, but there is a very long and slender tail. The head is

relatively large, and resembles that of Ornithosuchus in many

respects ; but the fossils do not exhibit any teeth. There are about

twenty-one presacral vertebrae, of which nine are cervical. There

are distinct traces of a plastron of delicate abdominal ribs. The

limb-bones exhibit a large internal cavity. The fore-limbs are very

small, with a humerus as long as the radius and ulna. The hind-

limbs are relatively large, and the ilium is extended autero-

posteriorly for the length of four vertebrae. The femur is almost as

long as the tibia and fibula ; while the metatarsus is especially

remarkable, being half as long as the tibia and consisting of four

metatarsals of nearly-equal length firmly fused together. The toes

are long and slender, with sharply-pointed claws. The Author

concludes that this must have been a running or leaping reptile,

and that it represents a new genus of Dinosauria related to the

American Triassic Hallopus.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Modern Helminthological Nomenclature.

By Dr. vox Linstow.

Within the last few years such far-reaching changes have been

effected in helminthological nomenclature that it appears well worth

while to subject them to a critical examination.

In the first place the principle has been established that the name

452

Miscellaneous.

that shall be valid is the oldest, and not the one that has hitherto

been in use and is well known ; the consequence is that the species

are quoted under names some of which were never current, and

have to be explained by the addition of those previously used, since

their meaning is unknown ; the oldest name has the right of

priority.

On this point Looss remarks in his latest work, ‘ On New and

Previously Described Trematodes from Marine Turtles ’ (‘ Uber neue

und bekannte Trematoden aus Seeschildkroten,’ Jena, 1902) ; — “A

name has no right of priority unless accompanied by statements

by means of which the species in question can be re-identihed. The

bare possibility that by an older name a certain species is meant to

be understood is not sufficient to justify its re-introduction ; the

right of priority can be claimed for an old name only when it is

recognizably defined, otherwise it is invalid, since the question

turns upon the meaning of the name. With an exchange of names

there must also be connected an exchange of concepts ; the old

name must, in order to supersede tlie later one, be justified by its

meaning ; the introduction of old names to which no one is able to

attach a certain definition could only give rise to differences of

opinion.”

That this is to be demanded of generic just as much as of specific

names is self-evident ; generic names that convey no meaning are

valueless.

It is sad that there should be any necessity to lay stress upon

these self-evident principles ; we shall see, however, that it was

bound to happen, for modern systematists deal largely in words

that are wanting in meaning, and we are involuntarily reminded

of Goethe’s

Denn eben wo Begrifte fehlen,

Da stellt ein Wort zur rechten Zeit sich ein ;

Mit Worten lasst sich trefflich streiten,

Mit Worten ein System bereiten ;

An Worte lasst sich trefflich glauben,

Von einem Wort lasst sich kein Jota raiiben” *

This is the answer that the foolish scholar receives to his

objection ; —

“ Doch ein Begriff muss bei dem Worte sein ” f.

The word Fasciola is substituted for the well-known and

customary I)istomum\ almost all authors loyally write Fasciolidae

instead of Distomidae, according to the law of priority laid down by

the Zoological Congress.

^ For just where ideas are wanting

Comes in a timely word ;

With words can we raise a rare dispute,

With words a system institute ;

Belief on words may we well bestow,

No single jot will a word forego.

t Yet with the word an idea must be.

Miscellaneous,

453

The “ genus ” Fasciola was founded by Linnaeus (‘ Fauna Suecica/

ed. ii. (Holmiae, 1746), p. 505, no. 2075) for Fasciola hepatica ovata,

by which name- no fewer than three species are meant : — Distomum

liepaticum, Abildg. ; Dendrocoelum lacteum, Oerst. ; and Schisto-

cephalus solidus, Rud. It follows therefore that a Trematode, a

Turbellarian, and a Cestode are equally entitled to be termed

Fasciola, if under these circumstances Fasciola can stand as a

generic name. There can, however, surely be no doubt that a

generic name which at the same time denotes a Trematode, a

Turbellarian, and a Cestode is nonsense from a scientific point of

view. No idea is conveyed by the word, but to this modern

systematists apparently attach no importance.

Let us see how the name Fasciola was subsequently applied ; —

Fasciola intestinalis, Linnaeus, = digramma, Creplin ; Fasciola

alata, Rudolphi, = Hemistomum alatum. Diesing ; Fasciola excavata,

Die&in^, — Hemistomum excavatum^ Diesing ; Fasciola strigis, Gmelin,

= Holostomum variahile, Nitzsch ; Fasciola suhclavata, Schrank, =

Diplodiscus suhclavatus, Diesing ; Fasciola has been used to designate

fifty species of Distomum.

Fasciola hepatica, Muller, = A^nphistomum conicum. Rudolphi ;

Fasciola verrucosa, Schrank, = Monostomum verrucosum, Zeder ;

Fasciola uncinata, Q(me\m, = Polystomum integerrimum, Rudolphi ;

Fasciola harhata, JAmidd\x.s,, = Rhynchohothrium paleaceum, Rudolphi ;

Fasciola truttae, Rcederer, = ZV’^cieuop^oms nodulosus, Rudolphi ;

Fasciola marmorosa, Muller, = marmorata, Hempr. &Ehrg. ;

Fasciola glauca, MAWcr, = Monocelis glauca. Diesing ; Fasciola lactea,

Mxl\QY, — Planaria lactea, Muller.

This is the result of the foundation of the genus Fasciola by

Linnaeus ; the definition of Fasciola is a fiattened worm, which

tapers at both ends.

Looss discusses the question whether in applying the law of

priority we should go back to Linnaeus, ‘ Systema Naturae,’ ed. x.

1758, or to Rudolphi, ‘ Synopsis,’ 1819, and decides in favour of

the latter year, since Rudolphi was to a certain extent the founder

of scientific helminthology, and the only means of interpreting the

obscure old descriptions correctly is the study of the types. He

holds, however, that, as a general rule, the introduction of old and

unknown names not hitherto in use is a retrograde step, and that

disinterred antiquities should not again be employed.

As a matter of fact, when we, only in accordance with the law of

priority, write Vesicaria truttoe instead of Taenia longicollis, Halysis

latus instead of Bothriocephalus latus, Lumhricus teres instead of

Asca7'is lumhricoides, Gordias medinensis instead of Dracunculus

medlnensis, Filaria locustae instead of Gordius aquaticus, Cucullanus

ranee instead of Strongylus am'icularis, and Taenia hceruca instead of

Echmorhynchus angustatus, satisfaction has been rendered to the

right of priority. Not all the species here mentioned are the first

and typical ones for which the old genus was founded ; but it

was only a question of showing what a confusion of ideas is occa-

sioned by the old names, and with the growing modern inclination

Miscellaneous,

4r>t

to form where possible a speeial genus for each species the prospect

of being obliged to return to the old generic names indicated

becomes constantly greater.

It is an arbitrary proceeding to lay down 1758 and 1819 as

limits of time from which the law of priority shall commence to

apply ; what really matters is the signification of the old names.

If investigators of the importance of a Leuckart and others did

not resuscitate these old names, they must have had their reasons

for the course that they adopted ; they, too, must surely have con-

sidered such a procedure as a step in the wrong direction.

In strange contrast to the endeavours to replace later names by

old ones are the equally frequent attempts to substitute quite recent

names for the latter.

The genus Tetrabothrium, lludolphi, with the typical species

cylindraceum, Eud., and macrocephalum^ End., has been broken up

and replaced by Prosthecocotyle, Monticelli and Fuhrmann, and

Bothriotcenia, Lonnberg. As a reason for this proceeding it is

asserted that Diesing has employed the designation Tetrahothriiim,

Eudolphi, in a sense different from that in which it is used by

Eudolphi, but this, however, in no way concerns the latter and his

genus.

The old and well-characterized genus Amphistomiini, Eudolphi,

has been broken up by Fischoeder, who substitutes his genus

Parampliistomum. The reason given is that Eudolphi described an

Ampliistomum macrocephalum, which, however, according to the

laws of priority must be called Strigea. The oldest name for this

species is not Strigea, but Planaria teres, Goeze(l782); it was

afterwards termed Festucaria strigis, Schrank (1788), and subse-

quently (1793) Fasciola strigis, Gmelin ; then for the first time

Strigea, Abildgaard (1793), later Amphistoma macroceplialum,

Eudolphi (1801), and finally Holostommn variahile, Nitzsch (1819).

The latter is the name of the species to-day, and consequently it

is not an Ampliistomum ; the typical species of this genus are

conicum, Eud., and suhtriquetrum, Eud., hut the name Parampthi-

stomum, which has not the slightest justification, has been adopted

by modern systematists.

Trichina, Owen, is now called Trichinella, Eailliet, since Meigen

applied the name Trichina to a Dipteron in 1830. Medicine,

veterinary science, and agriculture will not employ the terms

“ Trichinellae,” “examination for Trichinellac,” and “ Trichinellosis.”

For more than thirty years the whole of the educated world has

known the meaning of Trichinae, but what Trichinellae are it does

not know and will, moreover, not learn ; there is no risk of con-

fusion ; when we read that someone is suffering from Trichinae or

that they have been found in a pig we do not think of flies ; 1

consider it wrong to bring about a change of name that will never

be adopted.

The genus Monostomum, Zeder, was abolished by the bestowal

ii])on its species of numerous other generic names; afterwards.

^fisceUaneous.

455

when Monostomidse were spoken of, it was remarked that the

genus Monostomum had disappeared ; it had slipped through our

fingers ; the only species remaining was Monostommn prismaticum^

Zeder, which, however, according to Monticelli is a Disiomum ;

according to Looss the species is absolutely indeterminable. Thus

Zeder’s genus Monostomum has ceased to exist, and a similar fate is

in store for many another old genus if the course adopted is

followed further.

While entirely sharing the above-quoted views of Looss with

reference to the value of the old names, I cannot approve of the

action of this author and others in founding wherever possible a

new genus for each new species, nor can I assent to his definition

of the idea conveyed by the latter term. Looss declares that, if two

different species exhibit anatomical differences, they at least belong

to different genera ; two species of the same genus must be in

perfect agreement as regards their anatomical structure, and may

only differ in the relative size and position of their organs and in

actual bodily size. If we examine the figures of the six Distomes

given by Looss on p. 860 of his work already referred to, which are

stated to represent six genera, the conviction takes hold of us that

specific differences are here mistaken for generic : in fig. 5 the

viteilarium lies beneath and outside the limb of the intestine, in

fig. 6 only outside it ; otherwise the two figures agree in even the

smallest detail ; and these are said to belong to two genera. If

trivialities of this sort are regarded as generic differences, we shall

soon have as many genera as species. Looss asserts that the old

generic designation Distomum no longer signifies anything whatever.

I consider Distomum to be an excellently characterized genus,

which, like Tcenia, only possesses the inconvenience of being too

bulky ; we shall therefore do well to effect a division into subgenera,

and to write, for example, Distomum {Apohlema) appendiculatum

and Tcenia {Davainea) frontina. The definition of a genus adopted

by Looss is, however, inapplicable to other classes, e. g. birds, fishes,

and insects. I regard the genus as the aggregate of species united

into closer association by means of common characters ; thus we

have genera such as Felis^ Anas, Cyprinus, Dana, Vipera, Vanessa,

and in botany Quercus and Ranunculus ; they are not based upon

anatomical differences, however ; Looss’s definition ignores common

characters and only takes into consideration the differences ; for the

concept of a genus, as I apprehend it, it is not the differences but

the common features that are decisive.

In ornithology we have got beyond this period of nomenclature ;

time was when the gulls found on German shores bore the generic

designations Rodostethia, Xema, Hydrocolceus, Gavia, Melagavia,

Cephus, Laroides, Rissa, Chimonea, Pagophila, Cetosparactes, Leucus,

Glaucus, Clupeilarus, and Dominicanus — fifteen generic names for

twelve species ; they are now in the majority of cases all called

Larus once more, the three-toed gull at the most is assigned to

Rissa.

45G

Miscellaneous,

Owing to the confusion occasioned by modern nomenclature, it

has already become impossible to make an alphabetical catalogue of

Helminthes ; for where, for instance, are we to place Distomum

maculosum, which has been assigned to five different genera ? The

s})ecies is called Dlstommn maculosum, Rudolphi, Fasciola maculosa,

lludolphi, Bicrocoellum maculosum, Olsson, Brachyleimus maculosus,

Stossich, and Playiorclius maculosus, Braun ; among these genera

the reader may make his choice.

The method of writing the names has also been influenced by the

modern passion for innovation. The rule has been laid down that

specific names are to be written with a small initial letter. Ascaris

linnoei means Linne’s Ascaris ; the word is a genitive, and whoever

writes the name Linnoeus in the nominative and linnoei in the

genitive perpetrates an orthographical error ; are we, for example,

also to write Tcenia van henedeni instead of van Benedeni ? Three

mistakes are comprised in the specific name of Ascaris gadi-hrandti,

for the nominatives are Gadus and Brandtus, and a hyphen is

unknown in Latin. There is no advantage in this new fashion,

since everyone knows that in zoological names the first is the

generic and the second the specific name. The disadvantages are

manifold ; in the first place the modern way of writing is wrong ;

secondly, we are led to consider words with small initial letters as

adjectives, which is not the case ; and lastly, when a name has

been bestowed by an author, no one has the right to alter it

according to his own particular fancy.

On enquiring as to the origin of these interfering changes, we are

told that it is a question of the principle of stability in nomen-

clature ; ‘‘ our first consideration in nomenclature should be

stability,” says Stiles. In the setting-up and observance of the

laws of stability of nomenclature, however, the names, which after

all were the end in view, have been entirely forgotten, for the

stability of the names has been utterly destroyed. We have now

introduced names which are scientifically impossible : in the place

of the old well-known names are found new and unknown ones ;

instead of new and legitimate ones we have old senseless names

that are mere words. The attempt is made to cancel the old idea

of a genus, and to place almost every new species in a genus of its

own ; the names are wrongly written, and this is called stability.

Science also has its fashions, and we just go along with them ;

we do not want to be old-fashioned, but desire to stand on the

scientific summit ; we swim with the tide.

Science, however, is free, and no one, not even a zoological

congress, has the right to give it precepts which injure it. That the

course which has been adopted by the prevailing helminthological

nomenclature is a serious disadvantage to science I have no doubt

whatever. — Zoologischer Anzeiger, Bd. xxvi. no. G92 (January 26,

1903), pp. 223-229 : from a separate impression supplied by the

Author.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE or NATURAL HISTORY.

[SEVENTH SERIES.]

No. 114. JUNE 1907.

LIV. — On the Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans,

By L. A. Borradaile, M.A., Lecturer in Natural Sciences

at Selwyn College, Cambridge.

In the following pages proposals as to the classification of the

Decapod Crustaceans which I have made in a number of

papers during the last few years are stated in a connected

form and with certain additions, so as to form a complete

conspectus of the higher divisions of the group. I hope that

this systematic summary may prove of practical use and

that some remarks introductory to those portions of it which

have not yet been published will be of service as a contribu-

tion to the discussion of vexed questions of phytogeny and

classification.

The necessity for keeping the article within reasonable

limits has compelled me to choose between the ordinary

method of stating the diagnostic characters of the divisions of

the classification under headings and that known as a key."*’

I have adopted the latter as being better suited to bring out

the resemblances and contrasts on which a phylogenetic

arrangement is based, and because it is of more immediate

use to anyone unfamiliar with the group. Questions with

which I have dealt elsewhere are not discussed in detail here,

Ann. ck Mag, N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 32

458

Mr. L. A. Borradaile on the

but a fuller treatment of them may be found in the origina

papers*, especially those in the ‘ Fauna of the Maldives.’

I.

The true position of the order Decapoda in the Crustacean

system is very well shown by Dr. Caiman’s elaboration of

Hansen’s classification, published in this Journal in 1904 f-

To this classification I would give my adhesion, only pointing

out that, if the Crustacea be given rank as a subphylum of

the Arthropoda, equivalent to the Arachnoidea, Tracheata,

and Prototracheata, the Malacostraca become a class and the

Eumalacostraca a subclass.

For our present purposes the most Important of the points

made by Dr. Caiman is the close relationship between the

Euphausiacea and the Decapoda. We shall assume that the

two orders have a common origin and regard the subdivisions

of the Decapoda as primitive in proportion as they approach

the Euphausiacea, though it will at the same time be necessary

to bear in mind that the Decapods with four rows of gills,

representing, as we shall see, both epipodite and proepipodite,

cannot be descended from the modern Euphausiaceans, which

have only one row.

* A Kevision of the Pontoniidoe,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ii.

pp. 376-391 (1898). [History, affinities, and limits of the (sub-) family,

pp. 376-379.]

“ On the Stomatopoda and Macrura brought by Dr. Willey from the

South Seas,” Willey’s Zool. Eesults, iv. pp. 395-428, pis. xxxvi.-xxxix.

(1900). [Palmnonopsis, a Palaemonid with affinities to Pontoniidae, p. 410 ;

doubtful validity of Latreutidae, p. 414.]

“ On some Crustaceans from the South Pacific. — Part IV. The Crabs,”

Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, pp. 508-596, pis. xl.-xlii. [Primary subdivisions

of the Crabs, p. 571 ; subfamilies of Atelecyclidae, Cancridae, and Por-

tunidae, pp. 675-577.]

“ Marine Crustaceans ” in Gardiner’s ‘ Fauna and Geography of the

Maidive and Laccadive Archipelagoes.’ — Part III. The Xanthidae and

some other Crabs, vol. i. pp. 237-271, text-figs. 41-60. [Characters and

Classification of Xanthidae, pp. 237-238.] — Part IV. Some Eemarks on

the Classification of the Crabs, vol. i. pp. 424-429, text-fig. 110. — Part VI.

The Sand-Crabs (Oxystomata), vol. i. pp. 434-439, text-figs. 115-117,

pi. xxii. [Cliaracters and Classification of Oxystomata, p. 434.] — Part IX.

The Sponge-Crabs (Dromiacea), vol. ii. pp. 574-578, pi. xxxviii. [Cha-

racters and classification of Dromiacea, pp. 574-670.] — Part X. The

Spider-Crabs (Oxyrhyncha), vol. ii. pj). 681-690, text-figs. 122-126,

pi. xlvii. [Characters and classification of Oxyrhyncha, pp. 681, 682.] —

Part XI. On the Classification and Genealogy of the Eeptant Decapods,

vol. ii. pp. 090-698, text-figs. 125, 120, pi. xlviii. — Part XIII. The

Ilippidea, Thalassinidea, and Scyllaridea, vol. ii. pp. 750-754, pi. Iviii.

[Characters and classification of the groups.]

“ On the Classification of the Thalassinidea,” Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(7) xii. pp. 534-651 (1903).

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans, 459

II.

1. The earliest of the surviving classifications of the

Decapoda is that established by Latreille in 1806 in which

the order is subdivided into Macrura or tailed forms and

Brachyura or Crabs. Roughly speaking, this division

depends on the condition of the abdomen, which in the

Macrura is carried at length and in the Brachyura is folded

under the thorax. In framing a definition, however, it is not

possible to rely on the above criterion^ for in the Porcellanidag,

the Hippidea, and the Lithodidas, which are undoubtedly

nearly related to tailed forms, the abdomen is carried as in

the Crabs. The absence from the Brachyura of the limbs of

the sixth abdominal segment is a better character of separa-

tion, but even this breaks down in the case of the Lithodidae,

which were, indeed, placed by Latreille with the Crabs.

Another criterion which is all but absolute is given by the

fusion of the carapace at the side to the epistome. This is

found in the Crabs, but only in the Scyllaridea and Eryonidea

among the Macrura. No single difference, however, can be

found which will absolutely and sharply define the Brachyura

from the Macrura.

2. The next important step in the working out of the

system was the establishment by H. Milne-Edwards in 1834

of a third suborder, the Anomura, intermediate between the

two of Latreille. In the new group were placed certain of

the higher Macrura (Paguridse, Hippidse, Porcellanidge) and

lower Brachyura (Dromiidse, Homolidse including LithodeSj

Raninida?), the abdomen in all these forms being more or less

modified from the primitive macrurous condition, but keeping

the sixth pair of limbs, except in the last two families.

Milne-Edwards’s Anomura has had a chequered history in

the hands of various authorities, having been alternately

added to or reduced, retained or parcelled out again between

the Brachyura and Macrura. In a recent paper f I have

tried to show that the macrurous members of the original

suborder, with the addition of the Galatheinea and Thalas-

sinidea, form a natural group, and must be retained as such

in the classification.

3. The last important proposal for the modification of the

classification of the Decapoda was made by Boas in 1880 J.

On the basis of an examination of the anatomy of a number

* Gen. Crust. Insect, i. Fabricius’s two classes Kleistagnatha and

Exochnata of “ Insects,” and Lamarck’s Cancri brachyuri and Cancri

macrouri, had much the same extension.

f Gardiner’s ‘ Fauna of the Maldives,’ vol. ii. p. 690.

t Kongl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrifter, (6) i. p. 23.

32«*

4G0

Mr. L. A. Borradaile on the

of typical genera Boas came to the conclusion that the

existing arrangement was unnatural in that it contrasted the

Brachyura and Anomura — single branches of the Decapoda

— with a heterogeneous assemblage (the Macrura) consisting

of the whole of the rest of the tree, some branches of which

are more nearly related to the Brachyura and Anomura than

they are to the rest of the Macrura. He accordingly proposed

to divide the order into two suborders — the Reptantia,

containing the Crabs, Anomurous forms, Thalassinidea,

Homaridea (Nephropsidea), Scyllaridea, and Eryonidea ; and

the Natantia, containing the Penaeidea (including Steno-

pida?) and the Caridea The names of these suborders

indicate the main difference by which, on the whole, they are

separated ; a more accurate diagnosis will be found below.

4. There can be little question of the correctness of Boas’s

view that the members of his E-eptantia form a natural

group. The characters that they hold in common are too

numerous and too specialized to admit of doubt on this point.

But it by no means follows that the same is true of the

Natantia. Unless it can be shown that the former group

arose from the Decapod stem before the separation of the

forms which constitute the latter, Boas’s classification will be

open to the objection that he raised against Latreille’s — that

is to say, it will be based, not on the divergence of two groups,

but on the elevation of a branch to the same rank as the

parent-stem. This, as it happens, is precisely the impression

conveyed by the tree figured by Boas on p. 27 of his paper.

The following considerations, however, serve to show that

Boas’s tree is wrong and his classification true.

A search for the most primitive group of the Decapoda

leads, beyond all doubt, to the PenEeidea. This is seen, (1) in

their primitive life-history, recalling that of the Euphausiacea ;

(2) in the peculiar copulatory armature of the male, which

suggests the same relationship ; (3) in the small number of

special features, unshared by other Decapoda, which the

group possesses, and the number of characters that they have

in common with one or other of the remaining groups — •

thus, with the lower Reptantia they share the shape of the

first three pairs of legs, which are fairly alike except some-

times in size, and all chelate t, whereas those of the Caridea

often differ much and their third pair is never chelate, the

structure of the maxillipeds, which lack special modifications

found in the Caridea, and the absence of the CEiridean bend

in the abdomen, while they share with the Caridea all those

Eukijphotes of Boas,

t Exc('pt in the aberrant Sergcstida).

461

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans.

characters, enumerated below, which separate the Natantia

from the Keptantia ; (4) in their early appearance in the

earth’s liistory (probably in the Trias), thaugli it is true that

the remains of Reptantia are found fully as early ; (5) possibly

in the structure of their gills, if, as Boas thinks, the phyllo-

branchise of the Caridea and the trichobranchiae of the lower

Reptantia be both derived from the dendrobranchiae of the

Penaeidea. In any case it is impossible to regard the phyllo-

branch condition as the original one, but whether dendro-

branchiae or trichobranchiae are ta be regarded as the starting-

point of the gills of the Decapoda is much more doubtful.

It would be possible to support either theory by cases among

the Euphausiacea which might be regarded as substantiating it.

The evidence for the primitive nature of the Penaeidea is

therefore strong, but it must not be supposed that the modern

Penaeids were the stock from which the rest of the order arose.

Their loss of the appendix interna of the pleopods which is

found in Euphausiacea and in many Reptantia and Caridea,

is clear evidence that they do not stand in the direct line of

descent of the latter two groups. Moreover, the original

Decapoda must have borne the podobranch on the fourth leg

found in some of the lower Reptantia and the epipodite on

the last leg, of which Coutl6re has found a vestige in many

Caridea. Both these structures have been lost by the

Penaeidea. The most that can be said is that, of modern

Decapoda, the Penaeidea more nearly approach the primitive

condition than any others.

From the original Decapod stock, whose nearest descendants

we have found in the modern Penaeids, the Reptantia and

Caridea must have arisen separately, for it is impossible to

suppose that either of these specialized groups arose from the

other. They have no characters in common which they do

not also share with the Penaeidea, and each, as we have seen,

has characters which it shares with the latter group and not

with the other. There remains, then, the question, which

of the two was the first to leave the early Penaeid stem, and

that this was the Reptantia is shown pretty clearly by the

following facts : —

(1) The Caridea and Penaeidea have undoubtedly more in

common with one another than either of them has with the

Reptantia. This extends to characters which are at least not

obviously primitive, such as the styloeerite ” of the first

antenna.

(2) The gill-series in the lower Reptantia are fuller

than in either Penaeids or Carids, so that it seems likely

^ Except on the second pair of the male.

462

Mr. L. A. Borradalle on the

that the stock from which the latter two groups have

sprung lost a portion of their heritage in this respect after

the differentiation of the former. For, not only have some of

the lower Reptants kept tlie podobranchs on the legs of the

fourtli pair which all the Penseidea* and Caridea have lost,

but on several segments in the Potamobiidse we find the full

possible branchial equipment. Coutibre (‘ Comptes Rendus,’

1905, p. 64) has elaborated an extremely ingenious theory of

the homologies of the several kinds of epipodial structures of

the Decapoda with one anotlier and with those of the lower

Crustacea. Shortly put, this theory is as follows : — The

primitive number of epipodial outgrowths of the thoracic

limb of the Crustacea is two — a distal, the epipodite, belonging

to the coxopodite, and a proximal, the proepipodite^ belonging

to the true basal joint of the limb, which in the Decapoda is

taken into the body during development. Both these struc-

tures are found in Branch'pus in Anaspides. In Schizo-

poda and Decapoda both proepipodite and epipodite divide

into two parts. The epipodite forms in the Lophogastridse

(a) the oostegite and {^) a setiferous tubercle which I shall

call the setohranch. In the Caridea the epipodite forms, when

present, [a) the epipodite ” {rnastigohrancK) and (/3) on the

legs a setobranch of the same form as in the Lophogastridm,

and on maxillipeds 2 and 3 a podobranch and an arthrobranch

respectively ; in the Penseidea it forms (a) the “ epipodite ”

and (y8) the (anterior) arthrobranch, wanting in Caridea and

supposed to be there represented by the setobranch. The

proepipodite forms in the Lophogastridai a divided gill. In

the Decapoda it forms (a) the pleurobranch and (/>) the

(posterior) arthrobranch. In the development of Penwus

this subdivision can actually be seen to take place. The

Euphausiacea have lost their proepipodite.

Now, valuable and suggestive as this theory is, it is to

some extent invalidated by the fact that, in the case of

section ^ of the epipodite, structures which it regards as

alternative developments of the same rudiment can be found

coexisting. For it supposes that one arthrobranch (presumably

the anterior) and the podobranch and the setobranch are

equivalent and alternative structures. But in the Potamo-

biidse all these are present together on several segments of

the body. In Dromia Bohn has discovered what is un-

doubtedly a setobranch on the third maxilliped, where,

though the podobranch is wanting, both arthrobranchs are

present. On the first leg the setobranch is found on the

* It is only in certain of the primitive deep-sea Penaeids that the first

two or three pairs of legs bear podobranchs.

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans, 463

base of the mastigobrancli and appears as an outgrowth from

it, suggesting strongly that the similar process on the masti-

gobranch of the third maxilliped of many crabs has the same

origin and that the two branches of the forked epipodite ”

of some Penasidse represent the setobranch and mastigo-

branch respectively. Of course there are also cases in the

lower Penaeidse and elsewhere where the podobranch and

both arthrobranchs are found together. I w^ould suggest,

therefore, that in the primitive Decapoda the epipodite divided

not into two but into four structures — (a) the mastigobranch,

(yS) the setobranch, (7) the podobranch, (3) the anterior

arthrobranch— just as in the Lophogastridse the proepipodite

has sometimes as many as four branches. At the same time

it must be remembered that the connexion of the anterior

arthrobranch with the mastigobranch is not a proved fact, as

is that of the posterior arthrobranch with the pleurobranch.

It seems quite possible that the ancestors of the Decapoda

bore not two but three rows of epipodial outgrowths on their

limbs, and that the anterior arthrobranchs represent the

middle of these three rows. Besides the epipodite ” and

proepipodite,” Branchipus bears on the outer side of its

thoracic limbs a third outgrowth of somewhat different form.

This has been doubtfully claimed as the exopodite, but may

quite possibly represent the mastigobranch.

(3) Whereas the Reptantia (Eryonidea &c.) appear in the

Trias, the geological record shows no trace of Caridea till late

Jurassic times. This group, in fact, is a late and somewhat

specialized offshoot from the Penajid stem. The lower

Reptantia have, perhaps, evolved further than the lower

Caridea, but they are still in some respects more primitive

and they took origin much earlier. Boas’s arrangement is

therefore justified. The Natantia are as natural a group

as the Reptantia, and into these two suborders the order must

be divided.

III.

In considering the subdivision of the Natantia it will be

evident from what has been said that the Penaeidea and the

Caridea must stand as two tribes of the suborder. To these,,

however, must be added a third whose position needs some

examination. The little family IStenopida3 was placed by

Boas with the Penaaidea, which it resembles in its tliree chelate

legs and in other respects ; but other authorities have very

* It is quite possible that the trichobratichiate nature of the gills of

the lower Keptantia is another primitive feature lost by the Penaeidea

and Caridea. >

464

Mr. L. A. Borradaile on the

rightly removed it to an independent division, the Stenopidea.

Tiie position of this group is extremely doubtful. It has

clearly no relationship to the Caridea, for it differs from them

and agrees with the Penaeidea and lower Reptantia in all

respeets in which the Caridea are peculiar, but its penseid and

reptant affinities are more evenly balanced. On the one hand,

like most of the Penaeidea it has lost all the podobranchs

behind the second maxilliped and the appendices internee, and

lias legs of the natant form j on the other hand, like the lower

Reptantia, it is trichobranchiate, has a curved mandibular

palp and short endopodite to the first maxilliped, and lacks

the copulatory apparatus of the male penajids and the spine

(stylocerite) on the stalk of the antennule which is so

characteristic of the Penseidea and Caridea.

There would be much to be said for placing this group by

itself as a suborder, but, on the whole, its affinities with the

Natantia seem strong enough to justify its being included

with them.

Since the termination -’idea is used below for groups of a

lower rank, the names of the tribes of the Natantia have, in

the key which follows, been made to end in -ides.

IV.

Within the Reptantia, the Brachyura and the Anomura

stand out as natural groups. With these I have already

dealt elsewhere *. There remain for consideration the

Nephropsidea, Scyllaridea, and Eryonidea. The latter two

of these divisions are closely related. They differ widely

from the Nephropsidea in the fusion of the carapace to the

epistome, the reduction of the rostrum f and of the inner lobes

of the second maxillse and first maxillipeds, the retention of

appendices internee on some of the limbs at least, and the

lack of sharp sutures on the tail-fin, and are very ancient,

whereas Nephropsidea, at least of the modern type, do not

appear till somewhat later. I propose therefore to class the

Scyllaridea and Eryonidea as a single tribe of the Reptantia,

giving to this tribe the name Palinura, which has the same

ending as those of the other tribes of the suborder, and recalls

the fact that the Palinuridse are among its members and the

position in which the abdomen is carried. For the sake of

uniformity, the Nephropsidea may take the name AstacurA,

which will indicate that the tail-fin in all the members of the

group is like that of Astacus, one of its most common

representatives. Thus the old Macrura are completely

dispersed.

* Gardiner’s ‘ Fauna of the Maldives,’ vol. ii. p. 690.

t Except in Palinurellus.

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans.

465

V.

The following tree illustrates diagram m at ically the relation

ship between the groups which have been discussed : —

Brachyura.

I have grouped the families of the Carides into super-

families,” based on, but not quite the same as, the extremely

suggestive alliances ” proposed by Major Alcock for the

Indian deep-sea families. The shape of the mandible should

not be followed too implicitly as an indication of affinity in

this group. It shows a tendency to division into molar ”

and “ cutting ” halves throughout the order. In the higher

Carides this division is greatly accentuated, but in some cases

a secondary simplicity is reached by the loss of one of the

halves, and this has happened independently in Latreutes

and the Crangonoida (cutting-edge) and, I think, Pasiplueidse

466 Mr L. A. Borradaile on the

(molar process). The palp comes and goes from genus to

genus.

The following tree is an attempt to represent diagram-

matically the course of the evolution of the Oarides : —

Pdlaemonoida.

In discussing the classification of the crabs, I have else-

where * suggested, among other clianges, the abolition of the

distinction between the groups Cyclometopa and Catometopa.

The families gathered under the latter name have probably

genetic affinity, at least in some cases, but they pass into the

* Gardiner’s ‘Fauna of the Maldives/ vol. i. p. 425,

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans, 467

Cyclometopa by such easy transition and, even in typical

genera, differ from them so little that their separation is a

needless and misleading complication of the system. It

would, in fact, be logically necessary, if a group Cyclometopa

were to be retained, to balance it by dividing the other

brachyrhynchous crabs into equivalent sections somewhat as

follows : — (1) Corystidge, (2) Portunidse, (3) Potamonidae,

(4) Atelecyclidae and Cancridae, (5) Xanthidae and Gono-

placidae, (6) Pinnotherida?, (7) ? Ptenoplacidae and Palicidae:,

(8) Hapalocarcinidae.

VIII.

A Table of the Classification of the Crustacea Decapoda.

Suborder NAT ANTI A.

Tribe Pen^ides.

Families: Penseidae (subfamilies: Cerataspinae, Aristaeinas, Sicyo-

niuae, Penaeinae), Sergestidae (subfauiilies : Sergestinae,

Ampbioniuae, Leuciferinae).

Tribe C a n i d e s.

Superfamily Pasiph^oida.

Families : Bresiliidae, Pasiphaeidae.

Superfamily Hoplophoroida.

Families : Hoplopboridae, Nematocarcinidae, Atyidae.

Superfamily Stylodactyloida.

Family Stylodactylidae.

Superfamily Psalidopodoida.

Family Psalidopodidae.

Superfamily Pandaloida.

Family Pandalidae (subfamilies : Thalassocarinae, Pandaliuae).

Superfamily Palcemonoida.

Families : Alpbeidae, Hippolytidae, Phyncliocynetidae, Pabc-

monidae (subfamilies : Hymenocerinae, Pontoniiuae, Palae-

moninae).

Superfamily Crangonoida.

Families : Gnathophyllidae, [Autonomaeidae ?], Processidae,

Glyphocrangonidae, Crangonidae.

Tribe Stenopides.

Family Stenopidae.

Suborder EEPTANTIA.

Tribe Palinuea.

Superfamily Bryonidea.

Family Eryonidae.

Superfamily Scyllaridea.

Families : Scyllaridae, Palinuridae.

Tribe Astac ura.

Families : Nephropsidae, Parastacidae, Potamobiida;.

4G8

Mr. L. A. Borradaile on the

Tribe Anomura.

Superfamily Galatheidea.

Families ; J^gleidae, Chirostylidae, Galatbeidae (subfamilies :

Galatheinae, Munidapsinae), Porcellanidae.

Superfamily Thalassinidea.

Families : Axiidse, Laomediidse, Callianassidae (subfamilies :

Callianassinae, Upogebiinse), Tbalassinidae.

Superfamily Tacjuridea.

Families : Pylochelidae, Paguridae (subfamilies ; Pagurinae,

Eupagurinae),GcBnob,itidae, Lithodidae (subfamilies : Ilapalo-

gastrinse, Lithodinae).

Superfamily Hi2)pidea.

Families: Albuneidae, Hippidag.

Tribe Brachyura.

Subtribe Dromiacea.

Superfamily Dromiidea.

Families : Homolodromiidae, DromiidcBj Dynomeriidae.

Superfamily Homolidea.

Families : Homolidae, Latreillidae.,

Subtribe Brachygnatha.

Superfamily Brachyrhpncha ( Cancridea).

Families: Corystidae, Atelecyclidae (subfamilies : Tliiinae, Acan-

tbocycliiiae, Atelecycliuae), PTricbiidae, Cancridae (sub-

families; Cancrinae, Pirimelinae), Portunidae (subfamilies:

Carcinidinae, Portumniuae, Gatoptrinae, Carupinae, Portuu-

inae, Capli5U‘inae, Thalamitinae, Podoplithalminae), Potamon-

idae (subfamilies : Potamoninae, Deckeniinae, Potamocarcin-

inae, Trichodactjdinae), Xanthidae (subfamilies : Xantliinae,

Carpilinae, Etisinae, Meiiippinae, Trapeziinae, Eripliiinae,

Oziiuae), Carcinoplacidae (subfamilies : Carcinoplacinae,

Gonoplacinae, Prionoplacinae, Rliizopinae, Hexapodinae),

Pinnotlieridae, Grapsidae (subfamilies: Grapsinae, Varuninae,

Sesarminae, Plagusiinae), Gecarcinidae, Ocypodidae (sub-

families : Ocypodinae, Macroplitlialmiiiae, Mictyrinae), Pali-

cidae, Ptenoplacidae, Hapalocarcinidae.

Superfamily OxyrJiyncha {Maiidea).

Families : Parthenopidas (subfamilies : Partbenopinae, Eiimedo-

ninae), Maiidae (subfamilies : Inacbinae, Acaiitbouycbiuae,

Pirinae, Maiinae), Hymenosomidae.,

Subtribe Oxystomata.

Families : Calappidae (subfamilies : Calappinae, Oritbyinae,

Matutinae), Leucosiidae (subfamilies : Leiicosiinae, Iliime),

llauinidae, Dorippidae (subfamilies : Uorippinae, Tymoliuae).

IX.

A Conspectus of the Classification of the Crustacea Decapoda.

Key to the Suborders.

I. Rostrum seldom reduced or absent, if well

developed almost invariably compressed.

Body almost always compressed. First

abdominal segment not much smaller than

4G9

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans.

the rest. First antennae irenerally bear a

stylocerite. Second antennal scale generally

large. Legs slender (except sometimes a

stout chelate limb or pair which may be any

one of the first three pairs), with basipodite

and ischiopodite never fused, only one fixed

point in the carpo-propodal articulation,

sometimes exopodites, and podobranchs

hardly ever present on the first three pairs

and never on the last two. Male genital

opening almost always arthrodial. Abdo-

minal limbs 1-5 always present in full num-

ber, well developed, and used for swimming. NATANTIA.

II. Rostrum often reduced or absent, depressed

if present. Body not compressed, generally

depressed. First abdominal segment dis-

tinctly smaller than the rest. N o st5docerite.

Second antennal scale never large, generally

small or absent. Legs strong, the first

usually, the others never, stouter than their

fellows, basipodite and ischiopodite almost

always fused in the first pair, generally also

in the others ; two fixed points in the carpo-

propodal articulation, exopodites never

present, podobranchs fairly often present on

some of the first four paii’S. Male genital

opening coxal or sternal. Abdominal limbs

1-0 often reduced or absent, not used for

swimming REPTANTIA. ‘

Key to the Tribes of the Nat ant hi.

I. Third legs chelate, except in genera in which

the legs are much reduced. Third maxilli-

peds 7-jointed. Second maxillipeds with

normal end-joints. First maxillipeds with-

out the caridean lobe on the base of the

exopodites. Pleura of first abdominal seg-

ment not overlapped by those of second.

Abdomen without sharp bend. Not phyllo-

branchiate (except Amphioninfe).

1. One or both legs of third pair longer and

much stouter than those of first two pairs.

Trichobranchiate. Endopodites of first

maxillipeds short. Mandibular palps

curved. First antennae without stylo-

cerites. First abdominal limbs of male

not as in Penaeides STENOPIDES.

2. Legs of third pair not stouter than those of

first two pairs. Dendrobranchiate (except

Leuciferinae and Amphioninae : see below).

Endopodites of first maxillipeds long.

Mandibular palps straight. First antennae

generally with stylocerites. First abdo-

minal limbs of male bear a sexual

apparatus PENAUDES.

470 Mr. L. A. Borradaile on the

II. Third legs not chelate. Third maxillipeds

4-0-jointed. End-joint in second maxilli-

peds nearly always lies as a strip along end

of joint before it. First maxillipeds have a

lobe on the base of the exopodites. Pleura

of second abdominal segment overlap those

of first. Abdomen has generally a sharp

bend. Phyllobranchiate CARIDES.

Key to the Families of the Penseides.

I. Last two pairs of legs well developed. Gills

many Penaeidae.

II. Last one or two pairs of legs reduced or lost.

Gills few (up to 8) or wanting Sergestidae.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Penaeid«?.

I. Carapace covers le;.fs. Exopodites well deve-

loped. [Podobranchs on some legs.] Cerataspime ,

II. Carapace of normal size. Exopodites re-

duced or lost.

1. Well-developed podobranchs on some legs.

[Exopodites on maxillipeds and sometimes

on some legs. Arthrobranchs in double

series. First antennae without leaf-like

appendage on first joint.] Aristcsince.

2. No podobranchs on legs (vestige on first legs

of Halijjorus).

i. No exopodite behind first maxillipeds.

Arthrobranchs in single series. No

leaf-like appendage on first joint in first

antennae Sicyonince.

ii. Exopodites on all maxillipeds and usually

some legs. Arthrobranchs in double

series. A leaf-like appendage on inner

side of first j oint in first antennae .... Penceince.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Sergestidae.

I. All the thoracic limbs biramous. Gills

present and resemble phyllobrancliiae Amphionincp.

II. Last seven thoracic limbs uniramous. Gills,

if present, are dendrobranchiae.

1. Head not greatly elongated. Gills present. Seryestince.

2. Head greatly elongated. No gills Leucif evince.

Key to the Supevfamilies of the Carides.

I. Second maxillipeds normal. [Exopodites

on some or all legs. Mastigobranchs on

none. First two pairs stouter than the rest,

with normal chelae and undivided wrist-

joints. Mandibles without or with distinct

but small molar process, with or without

palps.] Pasiph^.oida.

471

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans,

II. Second maxilli^eds with the sixth and seventh

joints articulating separately on fifth. [No

exopodites on legs. Mastigobranchs on first

to fourth pairs. First two pairs of good size,

chelate, with very long fingers and undivided

wrist-joints. Mandibles imperfectly cleft,

with palp.]

III. Second maxillipeds with short seventh joint,

usually applied as a strip to the end of the

sixth.

1. Mandibles imperfectly cleft. Exopodites

usually present on all or some legs. First

two pairs of legs substantially similar, of

moderate size, chelate, with undivided

wrist-joint. [Mastigobranchs present on

some legs (except Limnocaridina).'] ....

2. Mandibles either deeply cleft or simple,

apparently owing to the loss of the cutting-

edge. No exopodites on legs (except in

a very few cases on the first pair). First

two pairs of legs more or less unlike.

i. At least the basipodites of the second

maxillae well developed. Mandibles

rarely simple {Latreutes &c. ). First legs

not subchelate.

(1) First two pairs of legs slender. First

pair simple or minutely chelate.

Second chelate, with wrist divided

into two or more joints. [Mastigo-

branchs generally present on legs.] . .

(2) First legs with both fingers movable,

second with last joint replaced by a

tuft of bristles and undivided wrist-

joint. [No mastigobranchs on legs.]

(3) First two pairs of legs not both slender

(one often very large), chelate. Wrist

of second pair often subdivided.

[Mastigobranchs present or not.] . .

ii. Inner lobes of second maxillae reduced.

Mandibles simple. First legs often sub-

chelate. [Second wrist divided or not.

No mastigobranchs on legs.]

Stylodactyloida.

Hoplophoroiba.

Pandaloida.

PSALIDOPODOIDA.

PALmiONOIDA.

Crangonoida.

Key to the Families of the PasiphsGoida.

I. Rostrum small or wanting. No molar process

on the mandibles. Inner lobes of second

maxillae and first maxillipeds reduced. Exo-

pcdites on all legs Pasiphaeidae.

II. Rostrum well developed. Mandibles with a

distinct molar process. Inner lobes of second

maxillae and first maxillipeds not reduced.

Exopodites on first two pairs of legs only . . Bresiliidae.

Key to the Families of the Hoploplioroida,

I. Both fingers of chelae S]^on-like and ending

in tufts of bristles. Exopodites may be

472 ^Ir. L. A. Borradaile on the

■wanting on some or all legs. Freshwater

forms Atyidae.

II. Chelee not as in Atyidae. Exopodites on all

legs. Deep-sea forms.

1. Last three pairs of legs abnormally long.

A lash on the exopodite of the first

maxillipeds Nematocarcinidae.

2. Last three pairs of legs not abnormally

long. No lash on the exopodite of the

first maxillipeds Hoplophoridae.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Pandalidse.

I. Second wrists undivided Thalassocarinfc .

II. Second wrists subdivided Pandalince.

Key to the Families of the Palaemonoida.

I. Second wrists subdivided.

1. First legs much stronger than rest. Eyes

usually covered by carapace. [Mastigo-

branchs of legs and mandibular palps

present.] Alpheidae.

2. First legs not much stronger than rest.

Eyes not covered by carapace. [Mastigo-

branchs of legs and mandibular palps

present or absent,] Hippolytidae.

II. Second wrists undivided.

1. nostrum movable. Mastigobranchs on

legs. [Mandibular palp present.] ...... Rh5mchocinetid3e.

2. Rostrum not movable. No mastigobranchs

on legs Palaemonidae.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Palaemonidae.

I. First antennae with two flagella (one usually

cleft for some distance from the tip). Third

maxillipeds have third joint flat and often

broad.

1. Mandibles with palps. Propodites of

second legs, third maxillipeds, and one

branch in first antennae broad and flat . . Ilymenocerincc.

2. Mandibles without palps. Limbs not

broadened as in Hymenocerinae Pontoniince.

II. First antennae with three flagella (owing to

cleavage of one almost or quite to the base).

Third maxillipeds pediform. [Mandibular

palps usually present.] Paloimonince.

Key to the Families of the Crangonoida.

I. One or both legs of first pair chelate.

Rostrum short, compressed.

[1. Second legs simple Autonomaeidae.] *

numcca is that Risso, who described it, thought it related to Processa.

473

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans.

2. Second legs chelate.

i. Both legs of the first pair chelate. Second

■wrists undivided. Third joint in the

third maxillipeds very broad. Rostrum

toothed

ii. One leg of the first pair simple. Second

wrists subdivided. Third maxillipeds

pediform. Rostrum not toothed ....

II. Both legs of the first pair subchelate. Ros-

trum long or short, not compressed.

1. Second wrists subdivided. Inner lobes of

first maxillipeds not reduced. Rostrum

2. Second wrist undivided. luner lobes of

first maxillipeds reduced. Rostrum short.

Gnath ophy llidas .

Processidse.

Glyphocrangonidae.

Crangonidae.

Key to the Tribes of the lleptantia.

I. Third legs like first, either chelate or simple

and subcylindrical. Abdomen macrurous

(straight, symmetrical, well armoured, with

good pleura and strong broad tail-fin, lobes

on the first segment clipping the carapace).

Gnathobases of second maxillae narrow.

Basipoditic lobes of first maxillipeds usually

deep. Exopodites of maxillipeds with lash

directed forwards. Gills numerous. [Last ,

thoracic segment with legs not differing

greatly from the rest and sternum rarely free, j

1. Carapace fused at the sides to the epistome.

Rostrum small or wanting (except Palinu-

rellus). Inner lobes of second maxillae

and first maxillipeds reduced. An ap-

pendix interna on some of the abdominal

limbs, at least in the female, but the exo-

podites of the last pair without sharp

suture. Body often depressed FALINURA,

2. Carapace free from the epistome. Rostrum

of good size. Inner lobes of second max-

illae and first maxillipeds not reduced.

No appendix interna y but the exopodites

of the last abdominal limb divided by a

suture. Body subcylindrical ASTACUIiA.

n. Third legs unlike first *, never chelate. Ab-

domen rarely macrurous. Gnathobase of

second maxillae typically broad. Basipoditic

lobes of first maxillipeds broad but shallow,

their inner edge usually in a line with that of

the coxopodite. Exopodites of maxillipeds

■^'ith lash, when present, nearly always bent

inwards. Gills usually few.

1. Carapace not fused with epistome. Last

thoracic sternum free, its legs differing

* Gebicula nearly forms an exception to this.

Ann. May. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix, 33

474

Mr. L. A. Borraclaile on the

always clearly in size and position and

nearly always in size and shape from the

third pair. Abdomen anomurous (reduced

in some of its features, but showing- clear

traces of some function other than that of

reproduction, and almost always carrying-

biramous limbs on the sixth segment) or,

rarely, macrurous. A movable antennal

scale often present. Third maxillipeds

usually narrow ANOMURA.

2. Carapace fused with epistome at sides and

nearly always also in middle. Last tho-

racic sternum fused with rest, its legs

often like the others. Abdomen brachy-

urous (small, straight, symmetrical, bent

under the thorax, showing no traces of

other function than reproduction, and

without biramous limbs on the sixth seg-

ment). Never a movable antennal scale.

Third maxillipeds broad BRACHYURA,

Key to the Superfamilies of the Palinura.

I. Carapace gripped by the first abdominal

segment alone. First joint of second an-

tennae not fused withi epistome ; a scale

present on this limb. All the legs, except

sometimes the last pair, chelate ; the first

larger than the rest. Unbranched limbs on

the first abdominal segment. Tail-fin not

softer behind than before, without sutures.

Telson pointed Eryonidea.

II. Carapace gripped between a lobe on the first

abdominal segment and a knob on the side

of the last thoracic. First joint of second

antennae fused with epistome ; no scale on

this limb. None of the legs much longer

than the rest, ca*, except sometimes the first

pair, chelate. No limbs on first abdominal

segment. Tail-fin divided by indistinct

sutures into a soft hinder half and a harder

front half. Telson roughly square behind. . Scyllartdea.

Key to the Families of the Scyllaridea.

I. Cephalothorax subcylindrical. Eyes not en-

closed in separate orbits formed by the edge

of the carapace. Second antennae with

flagella Palinuridae.

IT. Cephalothorax depressed. Eyes enclosed in

separate orbits formed by the edge of the

carapace. Second antennae with flat scales

in place of the flagella Scyllaridae.

475

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans.

Key to the Families of the Astacura.

I. Podobranchs not united with the mastigo-

branchs. Last thoracic segment fixed.

[Sexual appendages in male. Four pleuro-

branchs.] Nephropsidae.

II. Podobranchs united with the mastigobranchs.

Last thoracic segment free.

1. Gills have a lamina, but no hooks at the

end of the filaments. Sexual appendages

in male. One pleurobranch or none .... Potamobiidae.

2. Gills have no lamina, but hooks at the end

of the filaments. No sexual appendages

in male. Generally four pleurobranchs . . Parastacidae.

Key to the Superfamilies of the

I. Second to fourth legs with last joint curved

and flattened. First pair styliform or sub-

chelate. [Tail-fin not adapted for swim-

ming. Abdomen bent under thorax. Eos-

trum small or wanting. Third maxillipeds

have no mastigobranchs.]

II. Second to fourth legs with last joint not

curved and flattened. First pair not styli-

form, rarely subchelate.

1. Sixth abdominal limbs adapted for swim-

ming (except in Thalassina, where they

are styliform). Pleura usually well deve-

loped. Abdomen symmetrical.

i. Body depressed. Pleurobranchs to last

legs. Often a transverse suture on

telson. Abdomen more or less bent . .

ii. Body compressed. No pleurobranch to

last leg. N 0 transverse suture on telson.

Abdomen straight

2. Sixth abdominal lim bs, when present, with

branches neither broad nor styliform, but

adapted for holding the body into hollow

objects. Pleura very rare. Abdomen

nearly always asymmetrical, and either

soft and twisted or bent under the thorax.

Anotimra.

Hippidea.

Galathbidea.

Thalassinidea.

Paguridea.

Key to the Families of the Hippidea.

I. First legs subchelate. Carapace flattened,

without wings to cover the legs. Third

maxillipeds narrow, with exopodites Albuneidae.

II. First legs simple. Carapace subcylindrical,

with wings which cover the legs. Third

maxillipeds broad, without exopodites .... Hippidaa.

Key to the Families of the Galatlieidea.

I. Trichobranchiate. Eight arthrobranchs. No

limbs on second abdominal segment of male.

[Abdomen not folded against thorax. Second

antennae with 5-jointed stalk, but no scale.] jEgleidae.

33*

47G Mr. L. A. Borradalle on the

II. Phyllobranchiate. Tenarthrobrancbs. Limbs

on second abdominal segment of male.

1. Arthrobranchs stand on side of thorax.

Second antennae have 5-jointed stalk and

usually a spiniform scale. [Abdomen not

folded against the thorax. Third maxilli-

peds veithout mastigobranch.] Chirostylidae.

2. Arthrobranchs normally placed. Second

antennae have 4-jointed stalk and no scale

(or vestiges only).

i. Abdomen not folded against thorax. Third

maxillipeds with mastigobranchs Galatheidse.

ii. Abdomen folded against thorax. Body

crab-like. Third maxillipeds without

mastigobranchs Porcellanidae.

Key to the Sahfamilies of the Galatlieidas.

I. Eyes well developed. Exopodites of third

maxillipeds with 1-jointed “ flagella ” .... Galatheirus.

II. Eyes reduced. Exopodites of third maxilli-

peds without flagella Mu7iidopsina.

Key to the Families of the Thalassiiiidea.

I. No tinea thalassinica. Both movable and

flxed antennal thorns present, though some-

times minute (? absent in Scptoleptus). Ab-

dominal pleura large. [Last endopodite

without suture. Second legs chelate.] .... Axiidae.

II. JLinea thalassinica present (except Callia-

nidea). Fixed antennal thorn wanting ;

scale reduced to a flattened vestige or wanting.

Abdominal pleura usually small.

1. Sutures on endopodite and exopodite of

sixth abdominal limbs. Abdominal pleura

of a good size ; • • • : Laomediidae.

2. No sutures on sixth abdominal limbs. Ab-

dominal pleura small.

i. Second leg chelate or simple. No podo-

branchs on legs. Abdominal limbs 3-6

broad. A vestige of antennal scale

remains Callianassidae

ii. Second leg subchelate. Podobranchs on

legs 1-3. Abdominal limbs all narrow.

No vestige of antennal scale Thalassinidae.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Callianassidge.

I. Rostrum large. Legs of first pair equal. No

appendix interna on abdominal limbs 3-5 . . Upogehimce,

II. Rostrum small. Legs of first pair unequal.

An appendix interna on abdominal limbs 3 -5. Cidlianassince.

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans.

477

Key to the Families of the Paguridea.

I. Abdomen straight or twisted. Carapace firm

and more or less compressed in the fore part,

soft in the hinder part, at least at the sides.

Fourth legs unlike third. Rostrum almost

or quite wanting. Sixth abdominal limb

present.

1. Abdomen macrurous and symmetrical, with

all the limbs present. Trichobranchiate. Pylochelidae.

2. Abdomen more or less unsym metrical, some

of the limbs lost. Generally phyllo-

branchiate.

i. Antennal scale well developed (thorn-

like). First antennae with stalk of

moderate length and flagella ending in

a filament. Marine forms Paguridae.

ii. Antennal scale reduced. First antennae

with very long stalk and flagella ending

bluntly. Land forms Coenobitidae.

II. Abdomen bent under thorax. Body crab-

like. Carapace firm all over. Fourth legs

like third. Rostrum spiniform. Sixth ab-

dominal appendages lost Lithodidae.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Paguridse.

I. Third maxillipeds approximated at base.

Chelipeds equal or subequal, or the left much

the larger PagurincB.

II. Third maxillipeds wide apart at base. Right

cheliped usually, left never, much the larger. Eupagurin^.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Lithodidae.

I. Third to fifth abdominal segments imperfectly

calcified. Rostrum short and broad IIapalogastrin<£.

II. Third to fifth abdominal segments well calci-

fied. Rostrum generally narrow and pointed. Lithodince.

Key to the Subtribes of the Bracliyura.

I. Mouth-field (endostome) prolonged forwards

to form a gutter. [Last pair of legs normal

or abnormal. Female openings generally

sternal. First abdominal limbs of female

wanting. Gills few.]

II. Mouth-field roughly square.

A. Last pair of legs abnormal, dorsal. Female

openings coxal. First abdominal limbs of

female present. Gills usually many ....

B. Last pair of legs normal, rarely reduced,

not dorsal, except in Palicus and Pteno-

plax. Female openings sternal. First

abdominal limbs of female wanting. Gills

few

OXYSTOMATA.

DROMIACEA.

BRACHYGNATHA.

478

Mr. L. A. Borradaile on the

Key to the Families of the Oxystomata.

I. Body of the shape usual iu crabs. Abdomen

hidden under thorax. Antennae small.

Legs normal in position.

A. Afferent openings to gill-chambers lie in

front of first legs (chelipeds). Gills 9 on

each side. Male openings coxal

B. Afferent openings to gill-chambers lie on

either side of the mouth at the base of the

third maxillipeds. Gills less than 9 a side.

Male openings sternal

II. Body more or less abnormal in shape. Ab-

domen not hidden under thorax. Antennae

large. Last one or two pairs of legs in a

more dorsal position than the rest.

A. Carapace short. Last two pairs of legs

subprehensile, with hook-like end-joints. .

B. Carapace long. Legs usually have the last

two joints very broad

Calappidae.

Leucosiidae.

Dorippidae.

Haninidae.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Calappidse.

I. Last three joints in third maxillipeds not

hidden by the meropodite. Orbits not sepa-

rated from the antennular sockets.

A. Meropodites of third maxillipeds not elon-

gate nor acute. Exopodites of same limbs

with flagella. Legs not adapted for

swimming Caluppince.

B. Meropodites of third maxillipeds elongate

and acute. Exopodites of same limbs

without flagella. Legs adapted for

swimming . . .^ Orithyince.

II. Last three joints in third maxillipeds hidden

by the meropodite. Orbits more or less

separated from the antennular sockets.

[Exopodites of third maxillipeds with fla-

gella. Meropodite in same limbs elongate

and acute. Legs may be adapted for swim-

ming or not.] Matutince.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Leucosiidae.

I. Meropodites of third maxillipeds more than

half the length of the ischiopodites. Fingers

stout, gradually narrowing from base to tip,

usually shorter than the palm Leucoswuc.

II. Meropodites of third maxillipeds never more

than half the length of the ischiopodites.

Fingers slender, of even width from the base

to near the tip, usually longer than palm . . lliinee.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Dorippidae.

I. Third maxillipeds leave a good part of the

mouth uncovered. Inward openings to the

gills near the base of the chelipeds Dorippina-.

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans. 479

II. Third maxillipeds almost completely cover

the mouth. Inward openings to the gills

may or may not be near the base of the

chelipeds TymolincB.

Key to the Superfamilies of the Dromiacea.

I. Sternum of female with longitudinal grooves.

Vestiges of sixth abdominal limbs usually

present. Gills 14-20 on each side. Eyes

usually completely sheltered by orbits when

retracted. No linece homolicce Dromiidea.

II. Sternum of female without longitudinal

grooves. No vestiges of sixth abdominal

limbs. Gills 8-14 on each side. Eyes in-

completely or not at all sheltered by orbits

when withdrawn against the body. Linece

homolicce usually present Homolidka.

^ Key to the Families of the Dromiidea.

I. No vestige of sixth abdominal limbs. Cara-

pace longer than broad, with ill-marked

side-edge. [First three legs with mastigo-

branchs, fourth and fifth small, subdorsal,

and prehensile.]

II. Vestiges of sixth abdominal limbs present

(except in Hypoconcha, where also no

mastigobranchs). Carapace usually not

longer than broad, with well-marked side-

edge.

A. Mastigobranchs on first legs (chelipeds)

only or on none. Fourth and fifth legs

small, subdorsal, and usually prehensile . .

B. Mastigobranchs on all the first three pairs

of legs. Fifth legs only small and sub-

dorsal

Homolodromiidae.

Dromiidae.

Dynomenidse.

Key to the Families of the Homolidea.

I. Gills 13 or 14 on each side. Mastigobranchs

on first one or three pairs of legs. First j oint

of eye-stalks not much longer than second . Homolidae.

II. Gills 8 on each side. Mastigobranchs not

found on any legs. First joint of eye-stalks

much longer than second Latreillidae.

Key to the Superfamilies of the Brachjgnatha.

I. Fore part of body narrow, usually forming a

distinct rostrum. Body more or less trian- [(Maude a).

gular. Orbits generally incomplete Oxybhyncha

II. F 'ore part of body broad. Rostrum usually

reduced or wanting. Body oval, round, or [(Cancridea).

square. Orbits nearly always well enclosed. Brachyrhyncha

480

Mr. L. A. Borradaile on the

Key to the Families of the Oxyrhynclia.

I. Carapace thin and flat. First legs (chelipeds)

not long or specially mobile or with fingers

bent at an angle with the hand. Male

opening sternal. [No orbits. Second joint

of antennal stalk slender, fused with epistome

but not with front. No hooked hairs.]. . . . Hymenosomidae.

II. Carapace not thin and flat (except Ocinopus).

First legs either mobile or powerful, with

bent fingers. Male opening coxal.

A. Chelipeds specially mobile, rarely much

greater than the other legs, or with fingers

bent at an angle on the hand. Second

joint of antenna well developed, generally

fused with epistome and often with front.

Orbits generally more or less incomplete.

Hooked hairs almost always present .... Maiidae.

B. Chelipeds not specially mobile, usually

much longer and heavier than the other

legs, and with fingers bent on the hand

at an angle towards the side on which the

fixed finger is set. Second joint of an-

tennae small, short, and not fused with

epistome or front. Orbits well made.

Hooked hairs almost always wanting . . Par then opidae.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Maiidae.

I. Second joint of antennae very slender through-

out its length. [No orbits. Eye-stalks

generally long.] Inachince.

II. Second joint of antennae not very slender.

A. No true orbits (eye-stalks hidden under a

supraocular spine or sunken in the sides

of a great rostrum). Second joint of

antenna truncate-triangular. Eye-stalks

very short Acanihonychir

B. True orbits, containing both supra- and

postocular elements sheltering the eyes,

are more or less completely formed, except

in a few genera where the eye-stalks are

long and slender. Second antenna- joint

broad, usually not truncate-triangular.

Eye-stalks long or short.

1. A large, cupped, usually blunt postocular

process present. Eye-stalks short.

Cornea of eyes not completely hidden

when they are folded back Pisince.

2. Postocular process, if present, usually

sharp and not cupped, but if not so,

then cornea hidden (as also in most

other cases). Eye-stalks usually long . Maiince.

Key to the Sulfamilies of the Partlienopidse.

I. Carapace usually triangular, sometimes sub-

oval or subpentagonal. Rostrum simple.

481

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans,

Chelipeds much bigger than the other legs.

Branchial regions of the body deeply sepa-

rated from 'cardiac Partlienopinm.

IJarapace usually sharply pentagonal. Ros-

trum cleft into two. Chelipeds of moderate

size. Branchial regions of the body not

deeply separated from cardiac Eurnedonince.

Key to the Families of the Brachyrhyncha.

I. Orbits formed, but more or less incomplete.

Second antennal flagella, when present,

long and hairy. Rostrum present. Body

elongate-oval. Fore edge of the mouth

indistinct

II. Orbits complete (though fissures may remain),

except in the Mictyrinae, where the eyes are

almost or quite unprotected. Body rarely

elongate-oval. Rostrum often wanting.

Second antennal flag<3lla usually short, not

hairy.

A. Carpopodites of third maxillipeds articu-

late at or near antero-internal angle of

the meropodites. Body usually round or

transversely oval. Male openings nearly

always coxal. In many species the right

chela is always larger than the left.

1. Legs more or less distinctly adapted for

swimming. Usually a small lobe on the

inner angle of the endopodite in the first

maxillipeds. [First antennae fold slanting

or transverse.]

2. Legs not adapted for swimming, or, if so

modified, then the vas deferens opens

sternally or runs in a sternal groove

(certain Macrophthalmus and Lihystes).

Inner lobe on the endopodite in the first

maxillipeds wanting.

a. Freshwater crabs with the branchial

region much developed and swollen.

[Body often squarish, but male open-

ing coxal.]

b. Marine crabs, with the branchial region

not greatly swollen,

i. First antennae fold lengthwise.

(a) Carapace subcircular. Second

antennal flagella either long and

hairy or wanting

(b) Carapace broadly oval or hexa-

gonal. Second antennal flagella

present, short, not hairy

Corystidae.

Portunidae.

Potamonidae.

Atelecyclidae

Cancridae.

* Trichia, de Haan, is somewhere in the neighbourhood of this

family.

482

Mr. L. A. Borradaile on the

ii. First antennaB fold slanting or

transversely.

(a) Body usually transversely oval.

Male openings rarely sternal.

Not sharply separated from the

following family

(b) Body usually square or squarish.

Male ducts open on the sternum,

or, if coxal, pass along a groove

in the sternum. Not sharply

separated from the foregoiug

family

B. Carpopodites of third maxillipeds do not

articulate at or near the inner angle of the

meropodites. Body usually square or

squarish. Male openings sternal, except

in Ptenoplax, where the duct passes along

a sternal groove to the coxopodite. In no

species is the right chela always larger

than the left.

1. Small symbiotic crabs, with very small

eyes and orbits. Body usually more or

less rounded

2. Free-living crabs, with eyes not specially

reduced and usually a square body.

a. Last pair of legs dorsally placed and

weaker than the others. Interan-

tennular septum very thin. [No

distinct epistome. Exopodites of

third maxillipeds not hidden.]

i. Front narrow. Female opening in

normal position. Third maxilli-

peds subpediform, not covering the

mouth

ii. Front moderately broad. Female

openings on the sternal segment

corresponding to first pair of walk-

ing-legs. Third maxillipeds cover

the mouth ventrally and have very

small meropodites

b. Last pair of legs not dorsally placed

nor markedly weaker than the rest.

Interantennular septum not very

thin, except in Macrophthalminae.

i. A gap of greater or less size is left

between the third maxillipeds.

Front broad or moderately so.

(a) Sides of the body either straight

or very slightly arched. Shape

square. Rarely true land-crabs.

{b) Sides of the body arched. Shape

transversely oval. Land-crabs .

ii. Third maxillipeds almost or quite

close the mouth. Front mode-

rately or very narrow

C. Meropodite in third maxillipeds small,

bearing terminally a carpopodite of

Xanthidae.

Gonoplacidae.

Pinnotheridae.

Ptenoplacidae.

Palicidae.

Grapsidae.

Gecarcinidae.

Ocypodidae.

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans. 483

nearly its own width. Ischiopodite very

broad. [Body somewhat oblong. First

antenn® not retractile into sockets.

Parasitic on corals.] Hapalocarcinidae.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Portunidse.

I. Eye-stalk and orbits normal.

A. Basal joint of second antennae narrow.

[Flagella of second antennae not shut out

from orbits.]

i. First antennae sloping. Front with a

median tooth. Generally at least one

pair of walking-legs as long as chelipeds.

1. Last pair of legs not distinctly natatorial. Carcinidin<B.

2. Last pair of legs distinctly natatorial . Portumnincs.

ii. First antennae transverse. Front with a

median notch. Chelipeds longer than

walking-legs.

1. Last joint of fifth legs lanceolate .... CatoptrirnB.

2. Last joint of fifth legs rounded Carupince.

B. Basal joint of second antennae broad.

[Chelipeds longer than walking-legs.]

i. Flagella of second antennae not shut out

from orbits by processes of the basal

joints Portunince.

ii. Flagella of second antennae shutout from

the orbit by processes of the basal joints.

1. Last joint of fifth legs sickle-shaped . . Caphyrince.

2. Last joint of fifth legs fiattened ThalamithuB.

II. Eye-stalks enormously long, orbits extend

across the whole fore edge of the carapace.

[Chelipeds longer than legs. Antennae free ;

basal joint short ; fiagella not shut out from

orbits.] Podophthalmince.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Potamonidse.

I. Outward channels from gill-chamber covered

by first maxillipeds, reaching to front.

[Third maxillipeds with meropodites not

longer than broad, subtriangular, bearing

carpopodites at apex, with good exopodites.]

II. Outward channels from gill-chamber not as

in Beckeniinae.

1. Endostome ridges project on fore edge of

mouth. Exopodites of third maxillipeds

more or less reduced. [Meropodites of

same subtriangular, not longer than broad,

with carpopodites at apex.]

2. Endostome ridges do not proj ect on fore edge

of mouth. Exopodites of third maxilli-

peds not reduced.

i. Meropoditesof third maxillipeds not longer

than broad, subquadrate, with carpo-

podites at inner angles

Deckeniince.

Potamocarcinince.

Potamonince.

484

Mr. L. A. Borradaile on the

ii. Meropodites of third maxillipeds longer

than broad, bearing carpopodites on fore

edge, which slopes inwards Trichodactylince.

Key to the Suhfamilies of the Atelecyclidae.

I. Antennal flagella absent. [Mouth covered

bj third maxillipeds. Front uncleft.] .... Acanihocyclince.

II. Antennal flagella present.

A. Regions not defined. Third maxillipeds

cover the mouth. Front entire or lobed . Thiince.

R. Regions more or less clearly marked out.

Third maxillipeds do not cover the mouth.

Front toothed Atelecyclincri.

Key to the Suhfamilies of the Cancridse.

I. Carapace broadly oval. Epistome not sunken. Cancrince.

II. Carapace hexagonal. Epistome sunken .... FirimelincB.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Xanthidse.

I. Endostome ridges wanting. Shape of body

transversely oval or round.

1. Flagella of second antennae not shut out

of orbital gaps.

i. Second joint of second antennal stalk

cylindrical, reaching front but not

entering orbital gap iKanthince.

ii. Second joint of second antennal stalk as

in Xanthinae, but not entering orbital

gap CarpilincB.

2. Flagella of second antennae shut out of

orbital gaps by part of second joints of

stalks Etisince.

II. Endostome ridges present. Shape of body

often square or squarish.

1. Front less than | and fronto-orbital edge

(front and orbits together) not more than

f the greatest breadth of the carapace.

Front usually makes an arch with antero-

lateral edge. Flagella of second antennae

usually not shut out of orbital gaps.

i. Second joint of second antennal stalk

cylindrical and may or may not reach

the front, with which it is not broadly

in contact. Endostome ridges vary in

shape and size Menippince .

ii. Second joint of second antennal stalk

somewhat irregular in shape and broadly

in contact with front. Endostome

ridges strong and project on fore edge

of mouth Oziina;.

2. Front at least \ and fronto-orbital edge

more than f the greatest breadth of the

carapace. Front makes an angle with the

antero- lateral edge. Flagella of second

antennae always shut out of orbital gaps.

4S5

Classification of the Decapod Crustaceans.

i. Endostome ridges strong and project on

fore edge of mouth Ei'iphiiru^.

ii. Endostome ridges moderate and make no

projection on fore edge of mouth .... TrapeziiruB.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Gonoplacidse.

I. Last pair of legs present.

1. Male openings sternal. Eye-stalks almost

invariably fixed. Eyes often reduced.

Front usually narrow. [Male abdomen

does not nearly cover space between last

two legs.]

2. Male openings coxal. Eye-stalks generally

movable. Eyes normal. Front broad,

i. Front occupies whole breadth of carapace.

(1) Male abdomen does not cover space

between last pair of legs Prionoplacince .

(2) Male abdomen covers space between

last pair of legs Gonoplacinas.

ii. Front does not occupy whole breadth of

carapace. [Male abdomen covers space

between last pair of legs.] Carcinoplacince.

Last pair of legs wanting. [Male openings

sternal. Male abdomen does not cover space

between last pair of legs. Eyes small.

Front narrow.] llexapodinct.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Grapsidse.

I. First antennae placed in clefts of the front

and visible from above. [No oblique line

on the third maxillipeds and no wide gap

between them. Male abdomen covers the

space between the last pair of legs.] Plagusiince.

II. First antennae not visible from above.

1. Third maxillipeds have an oblique hairy

line along the ischiopodite and meropo-

dite, and leave a wide gap between them. Sesarmince.

2. Third maxillipeds have no oblique line.

i. Front strongly deflexed. A wide gap

between the third maxillipeds. Male

abdomen covers the space between the

last pair of legs OcypodmcB.

ii. Front not strongly deflexed. The gap

between the third maxillipeds, if present,

is rarely wide. Male abdomen rarely

covers space between last pair of legs . . Varunirux.

Key to the Subfamilies of the Ocypodidas.

I. First antennae transverse, separated by a nar-

row septum. Front of moderate breadth.

Body shallow, usuallv quadrilateral and

broader than long. [jN"o opening between

the bases of the legs.] Macrophthalmince.

48G Mr. G. A. Boulenger on

II. First antennfB oblique or vertical, separated

by a broad septum. Front narrow. Body

deep.

1. Body subquadrilateral. Openings fringed

with hairs between the bases of the third

and fourth pairs of legs Ocypodince.

2. Body more or less globose. No openings

between the legs Myctirinai.

LV. — Descriptions of new Lizards in the British Museum.

By G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S.

Gecho palmatus.

Head large, oviform, much depressed; snout a little longer

than the distance between the eye and the ear-opening, once

and one third the diameter of the orbit ; forehead concave ;

ear- opening oval, oblique, its greatest diameter about one

third that of the orbit. Body and limbs moderately elon-

gate ; digits strongly dilated, half-webbed. Snout and

supraocular region covered with very small granules, the

granules minute on the rest of the head ; rostral and first

labial entering the nostril ; 11 upper and 10 lower labials ;

symphysial triangular, followed by a pair of chin-shields

which are three times as long as broad. Body and limbs

covered with minute granules ; back with scattered, enlarged,

round, flat tubercles, which are about as large as the feebly

imbricate ventral scales. Greyish above, mottled with

brown, and with brown markings, viz. a dark streak from

the eye to the ear and three wavy cross-bars on the body ;

lower parts white, dotted with brown.

mm.

Total length 150

Head 22

Width of head 17

Body 58

Fore limb 27

Hind limb 36

Tail (reproduced) 70

A single female specimen from the Man Son Mountains,

Tonkin, altitude 3000-4000 feet, collected by Mr. Fruhstorfer.

Prionodactylus Ochendeni.

Snout short ; nostril between two nasals ; fronto-nasal

single; preefrontals forming a median suture; interparietal

narrower than the parietals ; two rows of occipitals, tliree in

•new Lizards in the British Museum,

487

the first row ; three supraoculars, first largest ; a single

loreal and a freno-orbital ; a series of small infraorbitals ;

temple with large shields above; 7 upper and 4 to 6 lower

labials ; chin-shields, one anterior and 3 or 4 pairs, the last

separated by a pair of large gulars; a double longitudinal

series of transversely enlarged gulars in front of the collar,

which is composed of 7 or 9 plates. Dorsal scales elongate,

hexagonal, strongly keeled, imbricate, not mucronate; lateral

scales small, keeled ; 36 to 38 scales round the body (in-

cluding ventrals), 35 to 38 from occiput to base of tail.

Ventral plates quadrangular, in 8 longitudinal and 18 to 20

transverse series, outer smallest and keeled, median largest.

3 or 4 large anal plates in a transverse series. Male with

8 to 10 femoral pores on each side. Pale brown above, dark

grey on the sides; a more or less distinct dark brown verte-

bral line ; a dark brown lateral band, light-edged above,

fading into the grey of the sides below, from the eye to the

tail, usually bearing a series of small black ocelli with white

centres ; a white, dark-edged streak from below the eye to

the side of the neck, lost before reaching the collar; belly

white, with grey dots or round black spots.

d. $.

nun. jnm.

Total length ? 189

Head 16 14

Width of head 10 8

From end of snout to fore limb .... 23 22

„ vent 60 61

Fore limb 19 18

Hind limb 26 26

Body 14 14

Tail • ? 128

Several specimens from Carabaya, E. Peru, altitude

6000-7000 feet, collected by the late Mr. G. Ockenden.

Amphishoina Slateri.

^ Snout rounded, prominent. Rostral small, triangular, not

visible from above ; nasals forming a suture ; a pair of prse-

frontals, the suture between them nearly twice as long as

that between the nasals and a little longer than that between

the frontals, which are much smaller ; a pair of occipitals ;

eye distinguishable under the ocular, which is situated

between the praefrontal and the second and third upper labials

and followed by two superposed postoculars; four upper

labials, fourth very small, second largest ; symphysial fused

with a large chin-shield ; four lower labials, second largest.

488

Oil new Lizards in the British Museum.

210 annuli on the body, 12 on tlie tail; an annulus in the

middle of the body contains 22 segments, 10 dorsal and 12

ventral, the dorsals all longer than broad, the median ventrals

a little broader than long. Lateral line very distinct. 6 anal

segments. 4 prseanal pores. Uniform dark purplish brown.

Length to vent 140 mm. ; tail 12; diameter of body 4.

A single specimen from Peru, obtained in the Rio San

Gaban Valley, Prov. Carabaya, altitude 2000-3000 feet, by

Mr. Thomas Slater, and presented by him, through Prof. G. S.

Boulger, to the British Museum.

The small number of segments in an annulus on the body

well distinguishes this species from A. vermicularis and its

South-American allies.

Nucras Emini,

Body moderately elongate ; head moderate, slightly de-

pressed, its length four and one third times in the distance

from snout to vent. Two superposed postnasals ; no granules

between the supraoculars and the supraciliaries ; interparietal

large, not twice as long as broad, in contact with a small

occipital ; subocular between the fourth and fifth upper

labials; temple covered with large granules; a large tym-

panic shield ; two supratemporals. Collar slightly toothed,

formed of 7 plates. Dorsal scales granular, smooth, 42

across middle of body ; ventral plates in 8 longitudinal and

28 transverse series. 2 large praeanal plates, one before the

other. Hind limb reaching the axil ; foot longer than the

head. 12 femoral pores on each side. Caudal scales strongly

keeled. Pale reddish brown above, with black dots ; a black

lateral band from the eye to the root of the tail, bearing a

series of white spots and light-edged above and beneath ;

lower parts white.

mm.

Total length

Head

Width of head

From end of snout to fore limb

Fore limb . . .

Hind limb .

Foot

Tail (injured)

120

11

7

16

46

15

24

14

74

A single small specimen from the south shore of Lake

Victoria, from Emin Pasha’s collection received in 1890.

Lygosoma meleagris.

Section Siaphos. Body much elongate; limbs small, with

four very short digits ] the distance between the end of the

489

On the Variations of Stereolepis gigas.

snout and the fore limb is contained twice and a half in the

distance between axilla and groin. Snout very short,

obtuse. Lower eyelid scaly. Nostril pierced between two

nasals ; no supranasal ; fronto-nasal broader than long,

broadly in contact with the rostral and wuth the frontal ;

prsefrontals minute ; frontal not much larger than fronto-

parietals, in contact with the first and second supraoculars ;

four supraoculars ; five supraciliaries ; frontoparietals dis-

tinct, larger than the interparietal ; parietals forming a suture

bel)ind the interparietal ; a pair of nuchals ; fifth upper

labial below the centre of the eye. Ear-opening minute.

22 smooth scales round the middle of the body. Median

praeanals scarcely enlarged. The length of the hind limb

equals the distance between the anterior border of the eye and

the fore limb ; third and fourth toes equal. Tail long and

thick. Upper surface of head and back blackish brown,

with small round white spots ; sides of body, belly, hind

limbs, and base of tail uniform orange ; a black streak on the

temple and along the side of the neck ; throat black ; greater

part of tail brown above and white beneath, spotted with

black.

mm.

Total length 166

Head 10

Width of head 7

Body 51

Fore limb 10

Hind limb 15

Tail (reproduced) 105

A single specimen from Mount Ruwenzori, altitude

7000 feet. Presented by the Subscribers to the Ruwenzori

Expedition Fund.

LVI. — On the Variations of Stereolepis gigas, a great Sea-

Perch from California arid Javan. By G. A. Boulenger

F.R.S.

When preparing a revision of the Sea-Perches for the

‘ British Museum Catalogue of Fishes,’ vol. i., published in

1895, a comparison of the descriptions and figures given of

Stereolepis gigas, Ayres, from California, and Megaperca

ischinaga, Hiigendorf, from Japan, failed to bring out any

tangible difference between the two, which I accordingly

proposed to unite under the former name. A comparison of

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 34

490

Mr. G. A. Boulenger on the

an adult Californian specimen with a photograph of Hilgen-

dorPs types in the Berlin Museum, which I made soon after

(P. Z. S. 1897, p. 917, pi. lii.), confirmed me in this opinion.

Dr. D. S. Jordan, although accepting the generic identifi-

cation of the two fishes, could not be convinced of their

specific identity ; and in a paper which he published last year

(P. U.S. Nat. Mus. XXX. p. 841, fig.)^ conjunction with

Mr. J. O. Snyder, he emphatically declares the Japanese fish

to be “ well separated from Stereolepis gigas^ Ayres, of the

coast of California, by the larger scales, and especially by

the form of the spinous dorsal fin, the spines in Stereolepis

gigas being very much lower. The nominal genus Megaperca^

however, differs but slightly from Stereolepis^ the only

tangible character resting in the marked elevation of the

dorsal spines, the first dorsal being low in Stereolepis, The

scales are a shade thicker and rougher, but the difference is

491

Variations of Stereolepis gigas.

not one of importance.” This latest description, accompanied

by a figure, is taken from a specimen 14 inches long, although

the species is known to grow to five times tliat length. Had

Dr. Jordan not overlooked my description and figure in 1897,

as he courteously informs me he inadvertently did, he could

not have stated that the spinous dorsal fin is appreciably more

elevated in the adult Megaperca than in the adult Stereolepis

(young specimens of the latter are, I believe, still unknown).

It seems hardly credible that so experienced an ichthyologist

as Dr. Jordan should overlook the enormous changes in the

comparative depth of the spinous dorsal which take place

with age in all Bass-like fishes, and in order to emphasize this

point I here give outline-figures (a) of a small (1 foot long)

and {h) a large (4 feet long) Nile Perch {Lates niloticus).

I have specially selected the Nile Perch as an example,

because, having been able to study a large number of

specimens, I have no fear of having confounded two species.

In the young Megaperca the longest spines measure about

half the depth of the body, in the adult (photograph of the

type) exactly one fourth. I therefore cannot accept the

differences in the dorsal spines as being due to anything more

than the usual changes which take place with age, and until

the young of the Californian fish is known we may safely

assume that its first dorsal is much more elevated than in the

adult. In a letter addressed to me a short time ago Dr. Jordan

adds that the Japanese fish has “ much larger scales.” I have,

I think, disposed of the supposed distinction in the dorsal fin ;

I will now give some facts against the second distinctive

character, which, so far as I know, is the only one that would

stand after a comparison of the figures given by me in 1897.

In 1895 I gave the scale-formula, compiled from different

sources (Japanese and American specimens), as 80-100 1|.

In the Californian specimen examined by me in 1897 I

counted 115 In their young Japanese specimen Jordan

and Snyder counted 87 In two specimens from Japan

(Sagami Bay), now preserved in the British Museum, and

measuring 19 and 15 inches respectively, I find 90 in the

first, 105 ^ in the second, and my counting has been verified

by my colleague Mr. Began. These numbers seem to me

to dispose entirely of the alleged difference in the size of the

scales as a specific character.

34*

492 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on an African Barbel,

LVIT. — On an African Barbel hitherto confounded with

Barbus trimaculatus, Peters. By G. A. BoulengER,

F.K.S.

Following the lead of Gunther Steindachner t, and Max

Weber J, I have hitherto referred to Barbus trimaculatus a

small barbel common in British Central Africa, Rhodesia,

Portuguese East Africa, Angola, the Transvaal, and Zulu-

land. Having recently had an opportunity of examining

great numbers of these fishes, I have come to the conclusion

that they cannot possibly be identified with the species so

carefully described and figured by Peters §. As suggested

by the latter author, B. trimaculatus^ established on a single

example from the Kovugo River, Mozambique, is very closely

related to, if not identical with, B. trispilus^ Bleeker, of

which I have recently given a description 11. The species

for which I now propose the name B. decipiens differs from

B. trimaculatus and B. trispilus in its strong ossified last

simple dorsal ray, shorter barbels, and more numerous scales

in the lateral line. It would never have been confounded

with B. trimaculatus but for its deceptive markings, which,

moreover, are by no means constant. I append a description

based on the following series of specimens : —

2, R. Ruo, Brit. Cent. Africa. — Sir H. H. Johnston.

1, between Kondowe and Karonga, Brit. Cent. Africa. —

Sir H. II. Johnston.

6, near Salisbury, Rhodesia. — Guy A. K. Marshall.

13, Mazoe R., Rhodesia. — J. ff. Darling.

6, Beira, Portug. E. Africa. — C. Grant.

2, Groot Olifant R., Transvaal. — Capt. G. E. Bruce.

5, Klein „ ^ ,, ,, ,,

2, near Komati Poort, ,, „

2, Potchefstroom, Transvaal.- — Stenning,

28, E. of Pietersburg, Transvaal. — C. Grant.

4, Umfulosi, Zululand. — C. Grant.

1, Elcheleselwane, Zululand. — Dr. E. Warren.

9, Mossamedes, Angola. — Dr. W. J. Ansorge.

Barbus decipiens.

Depth of body 3 to 4 times in total length, length of head

3| to 44 times. Snout rounded, as long as or a little longer

Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 619.

t Sitzb. Ak. Wien, ciii. i. 1894, p. 452.

X Zool. Jahrb., Syst. x. 1897, p. 151.

§ Reise n. Mossamb. iv. p. 55, pi. xi. fig. 4 (1868).

|j Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xviii. 1906, p. 33.

On SpirocliaBta (Trypanosoma) Balblanli_, (kc. 493

tlian the eye in the adult ; diameter of eye 3 to times in

length of head, interorbital width 2\ to times ; mouth

slightly inferior, with feebly developed lips, interrupted on

the chin ; barbels two on each side, anterior about as long as

eye, posterior 1 to 1-^ diameters of eye, the distance between

them about J diameter of eye. Dorsal III 7-8, last simple

ray strong, bony, not serrated, nearly straight, or feebly

curved, to once length of head ; free edge of the fin feebly

emarginate ; its distance from the occiput less than its

distance from the caudal fin. Anal III 5, longest ray about

f length of head. Pectoral § to | length of head, not

reaching ventral ; latter below anterior rays of dorsal.

Caudal peduncle 1| to 2 times as long as deep. Scales

32-36 3-4 between lateral line and ventral, 14-16 round

caudal peduncle. Brown above, silvery on the sides and

below ; three more or less distinct round blackish spots often

present on each side, the first and second just above the

lateral line, one in front and one behind the vertical of the

base of the dorsal, the third at the base of the caudal fin and

traversed by the lateral line ; these spots may be absent or

reduced to the one at the base of the caudal fin ; fins whitish,

without spots.

This fish grows to a length of 125 mm., but is usually

smaller, about 100 mm. long.

LVIII. — Spirochaeta (Trypanosoma) Balbianii {Certes), its

Movements, Structure, and Affinities ; and on the Occurrence

of Spirochaeta anodontae {Keysselitz) in the British

Mussel, Anodonta cygnea. By H. B. Fantham, B.Sc.,

Derby Research Scholar, University College, London;

and St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School.

(Preliminary Account.)

Introduction,

There are few more interesting organisms at present under

investigation than those microscopic yet most active forms

known as Spirochaetes, which lie near the border-line of

plants and animals. They are, indeed, veritable members of

Haeckel’s kingdom Protista, and it is still a disputed point

whether they are really Protozoa or Bacteria.

494

Mr. II. B. Fantham on Spirochgeta

Historical,

Spirochceta [Trypanosoma) Balhianii first recorded by

Certes from French oysters in 1882 [i], though Mobius,

writing in 1883 [7], stated that he observed the parasite in

1869 in oysters from Schleswig-Holstein. It was found in

the crystalline style and intestine of the host. Lustrac [6],

in 1896, gave particulars of longitudinal division. In 1901

the famous protistologists Laveran and Mesnil [5] briefly

described the main features of the organism, and stated that

it was really a Bacterium allied to the Spirilla and Spiro-

chsetes. In 1905-06 Perrin [8, 9] described the life-history

of the organism, but still retained it in the genus Trypano-

soma, although it lacks a flagellum, Certes having placed it

in this genus years before because it possessed an undulating

membrane ; but at that period the genus Trypanosoma was

ill-defined. Short notes have since appeared by Swellen-

grebel [10], Vl^s [ii], and Fantham [3].

Spirochceta anodontce was recorded from the crystalline

style of Anodonta mutabilis (which is not a British species)

by Keysselitz in 1906. It has not before been noted in

A, cygnea, so far as I am aware.

Material and Methods,

Spirochceta Balhianii has been studied by me in oysters at

Roscoff last summer, and in this connexion I would especially

thank Professor Delage and M. Fred Vl^s. The further

studies on this organism were continued in London, on more

living material, though infected oysters were only procured

with much difficulty.

As regards Spirochceta anodontce from the crystalline style

of Anodonta cygnea, after repeated attempts, during which

only a few parasites were found, I obtained an infected strain

in Anodons from Godaiming, very kindly supplied to me by

Mr. O. H. Latter, to whom my best thanks are tendered.

I have spent much time examining both these Spirochsetes

in the living condition, in their natural medium as far as

possible. I am convinced that too much stress cannot be

laid on the necessity for this careful examination of living

material ; it is not sufficient to rely on stained preparations

alone.

As regards fixed and stained material, best results were

obtained from thin smears of gut-contents or solutions of the

crystalline style (in a little sea-water in the case of Ostrea,

in fresh water in the case of Anodon), the preparations being

(Trypanosoma) Balbianii and Sr anodontse. 495

fixed wet with osmic vapour. Other fixatives used were

Flemming’s solution, corrosive sublimate and alcohol, and in

the case of some dried smears pure methyl and ethyl alcohols.

The preparations were usually mounted in cedar-wood oil

or balsam.

The most useful stains were gentian violet (Ohlmacher’s

formula), iron-alum hseraatoxylin, thionin. Billet’s modifica-

tion of the Griemsa stain, and Delafield’s hsematoxylin, while

dilute methylene-blue was best for intra vitam staining. Too

much reliance must not be placed on the various modifications

of the Komanowsky stain, for the structure of the membrane

is often only poorly revealed thereby.

Movements of these Spirochcetes.

Previous accounts of these phenomena are most meagre,

and yet descriptions of such movements would be of the utmost

importance. At this juncture it is necessary to state that

a typical Spirochsete possesses an undulating membrane.

The type species of the genus, 8. plicatiUs^ Ehrenberg,

recorded in 1833 from muddy water, was shown by Schaudinn

in 1905 to possess such a membrane.

The movements of each of the two Spirochsetes in question

are most complex and difficult to resolve and interpret. A

Spirochsete moves very rapidly, especially 8. anodontce —

indeed, so rapidly that it is almost impossible to analyze its

motion when travelling at full speed. Its path may be either

in a straight line or more or less in a circle. In the case of

slowly moving specimens it is seen that the organism moves

forward while turning on its long axis. The motion, then,

appears to be resolvable into at least two components — (i.) a

vibratory motion of flexion of the body, mainly for progres-

sion, and (ii.) a spiral or corkscrew movement of the body

as a whole, due to the winding of the membrane. The

corkscrew motion is especially well seen in the case of

8. anodontce, which has pointed ends.

Waves can be seen travelling down the thread-like body in

a direction opposite to that in which the organism is pro-

gressing. Many waves or sinuosities, some eight or ten, can

be seen along the body of rapidly moving forms, while only

some two to four may occur in more slowly moving ones.

The outline of the sinuosities is sometimes a little irregular —

that is, the contour is somewhat broken by much smaller

waves.

The movements occur in jerks. The organism may

suddenly come to a dead stop or just as suddenly proceed

496

Mr. II. B. Fantliam on Spirocliaeta

more slowly. It is a matter of indifference which end of the

body is directed forwards, for the parasite is capable of

suddenly reversing its direction of movement and returning on

its own path, apparently even in an almost exact straight line

or circle. I do not consider this retracing of its path to be

due to unfavourable environment, as suggested by Novy in

the case of S. Ohermeieri^ for I have observed it constantly

taking place inside the crystalline style. The organism can

then travel with or against the current indifferently. A very

great deal of energy seems to be used in the motion of

tlie atiimal. The body of the organism can be distinguished

during motion in the case of S. BaTbianii'^\\}a some difficulty,

but sometimes S. anodontce moves too rapidly for its outline

to be clearly discernible.

Sometimes the organism appears suddenly from a deeper

level of the liquid under examination, and swims, or, rather,

spirally bores its way more or less vertically upwards. In

this condition it twists itself into various peculiar shapes, and

so resembles a Catherine wheel as described by Perrin.

Parasites are sometimes noticed anchored by one end to a

separated or shed epithelial cell (from the gut of the host)

lying in the gut-contents. The free end of the parasite then

executes violent lasliing movements or intermittent flickers.

The free end also in such specimens may coil itself over and

over. S. Balhianii^ with its rounded ends, often has some

difficulty, apparently, in boring its way through debris or

obstacles in its path. It often tries to get through these

instead of changing its direction of motion. However, I

have seen it penetrate free epithelial cells and occasionally

appear to come out of such cells.

/S'. anodontcB^ with its pointed ends, is capable of rather

more rapid motion and more easily bores its way through the

debris of cells floating in the gut-contents of the host.

Spirochsetes may at times be seen vibrating in two halves

about their central points as nodes ; they then resemble, to

some extent, two tuning-forks joined by their single ends

and in vibration.

Slowly moving specimens of S. anodontce may curl up one

end, usually the hinder end, judging by the direction of

motion.

These Spirochsetes seem to move more quickly than

Trypanosomes, and with an added corkscrew motion. Also

the body of a Spirillum seems more rigid than that of a

Spirochsete in motion, and of course flagella are present in

the case of true Spirilla.

Various scientific workers — both zoologists and bacteriolo-

(Trypanosoma) Balbianii and S. anodontse. 497

gists — to whom I have shown these Spirochsetes alive, have

compared their motion to that of an eel, or the embryo of

Filaria, or to that of Nereis^ but with the spiral movement

in addition.

General Structure.

The general shape of each of these Spirochaetes is that of

a long narrow thread. S. Balbianii varies from 50 yu to

150 yu in length, and is 2 yu- to 3 yu broad. Its breadth is

almost uniform and its ends are rounded. S. anodontce is

about 35 yLt to 40 yu long and about 0‘7 yu broad. Keysselitz [4]

did not give the dimensions of his parasite from A. mutahilis.

The ends of S. anodontce are pointed and prolonged into a

filament-like process, which some observers might be disposed

to call a flagellum, though it seems to me to be stiff.

The body is bounded by a well-marked periplast which

encloses a homogeneous cytoplasm. There is no marked

differentiation of this cytoplasm into ectoplasm and endo-

plasm, though I tliink the periplast represents an ectoplasm.

The periplast is not composed of cellulose (as tested by iodine

and sulpliuric acid), but might be composed of fungus-

cellulose ” so far as negative evidence goes. Perrin, judging

from macerated specimens, considered the periplast to be

fibrillar in structure. This is very difficult to corroborate,

but is probably correct, for these fibrillae might equally belong,

in macerated specimens, to the membrane, to be described

in the next section.

In the centre of the thread-like organism is a core of

chromatin, the nucleus, stretching nearly from end to end,

which consists of a filament on which are arranged transverse

bands or rodlets of deeply staining chromatin at more or less

regular intervals. These rodlets may be perhaps termed

“ chromosomes,” as by Perrin ; many are irregularly dumbbell-

shaped, while some are thinner than others. Perrin considered

the connecting spiral or zigzag-shaped filament to be a

karyosome. He figures various nuclear changes in connexion

with gamete formation, which are, however, open to varied

interpretations. In preparation for longitudinal division the

dumbbell-shaped rodlets divide, and leave two rows of

chromosomes,” one on each edge, along the periphery of

the parasite. I have not seen definite evidence of reducing

division.

The nucleus was not observed by the earlier writers on

these parasites. It is of a difi’use character, and there is no

definite blepharoplast, facts first noted by Laveran and Mesnil,

the significance of which is of the highest importance

408 Mr. II. B. Fantham on Spirocliseta

There is a cap or nodule attached to each end of the

periplast in S, Balbianii which stains pinkish with Giemsa’s

solution, and which may be a basal granule.”

The chromatin granules of S. anodontce are difficult to see,

the whole organism being much smaller, but the nucleus

seems to conform to the general arrangement of that structure

in S. Balbianii,

The Undulating Membrane,

This structure does not extend quite to the ends of the

organism. There is some difference of opinion as to its

nature, but its presence is a characteristic feature of the

genus Spirochceta as now defined.

It is, I believe, a spirally wound membrane or lateral

outgrowth of the ectoplasmic periplast, and is composed of

longitudinally arranged fibrillse. These fibrillse are contractile

and may be termed myoneme fibrillae,” though the term

myoneme ” is perhaps not a happy one. There appear to

be some eight or nine principal fibrils, and many less evident

ones parallel therewith, all of them apparently longitudinally

arranged. The border of the membrane is thickened and

stains well with chromatin stains. I agree with Perrin that

the membrane possesses a chromatic border.

In slowly moving parasites the edge of the membrane, and

even the membrane itself, is easily seen (Zeiss DD and ocular 2)

in life. Such forms are curved into about two or three

sinuosities only, and the membrane can be seen in the troughs

of these, loosely arranged and not contracted close to the

body.

It has been suggested by Laveran and Mesnil that this

structure is not really a membrane, but a sheath, only

loosely attached, if at all, to the body of the organism. This

matter is most difficult to settle, and is certainly not to be

passed over lightly by mere dogmatic assertion either one

way or the other. However, one can see in preparations the

spiral arrangement of the membrane in many cases, and its

actual crossing over the body from one side to the other, both

above and belo\^^ And, furthermore, the organism possesses

a distinct spiral motion, evidently guided by the spiral

arrangement of the membrane. Again, if the body moved

more or less freely inside a sheath one might expect to see

some signs of differential motion between the organism and

its sheath. I have never seen such during my investigations.

It seems to me, then, that this structure is a membrane,

spirally wound round the body, and is an outgrowth of the

periplast. It is composed of elastic fibrils and is contractile.

499

(4’rypanosoma) Balbianii and S. anodontae.

and is probably the locomotor agent of the organism. Its

own vibrations are veiy slight, and by its alternate contrac-

tion and expansion it appears to control the movements of

the organism. The structure and function of this organella”

are most difficult to interpret. The myonemes, I think, set

up transverse movements in the surface of the body, manifested

as waves passing down the body in a direction opposite to

that in which the organism progresses.

It has been stated that the nuclear core is contractile

(Swellengrebel [lo]). I am rather inclined to the view that

it is only flexible.

It has been suggested [i i] that there is a ciliate stage in

the life-history of S. Balbianii — in other words, that the

membrane is built up from the agglutination of cilia

flagella ” of English bacteriologists), or even that the

membrane may be decomposed into these flagella. I have

myself preparations of this character made both at Roscoff

and in London. It seems to me that these apparent flagella

or cilia are really elastic fibrils, staining pink with Giemsa’s

or Leishman’s stain, “ myoneme fibrils ” in fact, split off

from the membrane during its rupture, which sometimes

occurs during the violent contortions and death-struggles of

the organism, especially in a damp atmosphere like that of

Roscoff. It may be that the membrane, as suggested in a

private communication, is really a “ ciliated membrane.” I

have never seen these flagella during life.

The fibrillar nature of the membrane is none too well

shown by the various modifications of the Romano w sky

stain. It is best revealed by gentian-violet or iron-

hsematoxylin.

In life, during active movements, the membrane is closely

contracted round the body, and is not easily seen except as a

halo round the organism.

The membrane of 8. anodontce is most difficult to discern,

but it can be seen in favourably placed specimens both in

life and when stained. It appears to conform to the structure

described for 8, Balbianii.

Division.

Longitudinal division has been described before in the case

of these Spirochsetes. I have seen such during life and in

stained preparations.

However, I believe transverse division also occurs, for in

the case of 8. Balbianii both long and short forms are seen.

In some stained preparations there were somewhat long forms

500 On Spirocliseta (Trypanosoma) Balbianii,

with tlie membrane discontinuous in the centre, where a

vacuole-like space occurred ; the edges of this space were

sharp, not torn, while the periplast appeared just continuous

over the gap. Laveran and Mesnil [5] have described trans-

verse fission. I think this mode of division naturally occurs,

and such cases are not to be explained away [8, 9] as merely

two forms which, having divided longitudinally, are now

separated by 180°, just before complete separation. Further,

in living specimens one sometimes sees forms vibrating about

a node, possibly not central, but I have never seen in life

division about such a point.

Affinities.

Spirochsetes are Protists : doubtless all will agree to this.

Next arises the vexed question. Are they Protozoa or

Bacteria ?

Their diffuse nuclei and transverse fission rather suggest

Bacteria ; while, on the other hand, the presence of an undu-

lating membrane, longitudinal fission, and even definite

^^chromosomes” suggest Protozoa. Perhaps, too, their size

is great for Bacteria, though too much importance must not

be attached to questions of size probably.

I am not at all sure about the presence of male and female

forms [8, 9] or of encystment [8, 9]. I think these appear-

ances can be otherwise interpreted, the male and female forms

being possibly the extremes from a more or less continuous

series.

On the whole, I somewhat incline to the Protozoal nature

of these organisms, but prefer to leave further discussion of

this and other points for my longer illustrated memoir, which

will, I hope, appear in the Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sci.

POSTSCKIPT. — To this preliminary account it might be of

interest to add that Spirochceta Balhianii was found moving

about freely in a basin of sea-water in which specimens of

infected English oysters were kept, the shells of these oysters

being still partly covered by mud from their native beds.

I was able to demonstrate this, with living specimens, to

some of my friends.

I have also examined specimens of the Acarid, Atax Bonzi,

Clap., found in the mantle-cavity of Anodonta, but have not

yet succeeded in finding any Spirochsetes in the Acarids,

although Spirochceta Duttoni occurs in ticks.

On Pterocyon, Rousettus, and Myonycteris. 501

References to Literature.

[i] Certes, A. 1882. ^‘Notesur les Parasites et les Commensaux

de riluitre,” Bull. Soc. Zool. de France, vii. pp. 347-353, 4 figs.

[z] . 1891. “ Sur le Trypanosoma Balhianiii' op. cit. xvi.

pp. 95, 130.

[3] Fantham, H. B. 1906-07. Spirochreta BalbianiiL Abstr. of

Proc. Zool. Soc. no. 37. Spirochmta anodontcej''’ op. cit. no. 45.

[4] Keysselitz, G. ‘1906. Spirocliceta anodontce, n. sp.,” Arb.

kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, xxiii. pp. 566-567, 6 figs.

[5] Laveran, a., et Mesnil, F. ‘‘ Sur la Nature bacterienne du

pr^tendu Trypanosome des Huitres (T. Balbianii, Certes),” C. R.

Soc. Biol. liii. pp. 883-885.

[6] Lustrac, a. de. 1896. ^^Trypanosoma Balbianii, Certes,” Actes

Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 5® s4r. t. x. pp. 265-275, 2 pis.

[7] Mobius, K. 1883. ^^Trypanosorna Balbianii, CQvtQ&,\m'Kr

stiel Schleswig holsteinischer Austern,” Zool. Anzeiger, vi. p. 148.

[8] Perrin, W. S. 1905. “ A Preliminary Communication on the

Life-history of Trypanosoma Balbianii,'' Proc. Roy. Soc. 76 B,

pp. 308-375, 4 figs.

[9] . 1906. Researches upon the Life-history of

Balbianii," Arch, f . Protistenkunde, vii. pp. ] 31-156, 2 pis.

[10] SwELLENGREBEL, N. H. 1907. “ Sur la cytologie comparee des

Spirochetes et des Spirilles,” C. R. Soc. Biol. Ixii. pp. 214-215.

[11] Vees, F. 1906. Sur la Structure et les Affinit^s de Trypano-

soma Balbianii," C. R. Soc. Biol. Ixi. pp. 408-410.

LIX. — On Pterocyon, Rousettus, and Myonycteris.

By Knud Andersen.

The present paper is a brief summary of notes written down

during a revision of the fruit- bats of the genera Pterocyon,

Rousettus, and Myonycteris in the collection of the British

Museum.

Synopsis of the Genera and Species.

Common characters : tongue normal ; molars

well developed ; occipital region of skull not

elongated and tubular ; incisors | — ; postcanine

teeth f ; second digit clawed ; a short tail.

a. Cranial rostrum longer : front of orbit verti-

cally above posterior half or middle of ;

basicranial axis markedly deflected.

a! . Premaxillaries separated in front; tym-

panies forming a bony auditory meatus ;

in cross section twice the size of an

upper incisor ; w, equal in length to

and together. General size large:

forearm 114-132 mm. Ethiopian .... Bterocxjou.

502

Mr. K. Andersen on

d^. Kostrum relatively longer: front of

orbit to tip of nasals equalling or

exceeding maxillary tooth-row ; fur

longer, more woolly, not closely ap-

pressed ; colour darker. Forearm

127-131 mm. Madagascar

Rostrum relatively shorter; front of

orbit to tip of nasals less than maxillary

tooth-row ; fur very short, closely ap-

pressed ; colour lighter.

a^. Skull larger : total length 54-5-62‘5

mm. ; tooth-rows longer : c-m^ 21-

23'8; molars narrower. Forearm

117'5-132. African continent. . . .

Skull smaller: total length 51 ‘5-55

mm.; tooth-rows shorter: c-m^

19-2-20-8 ; molars broader. Fore-

arm 114-127, S.W. Arabia ....

b' . Premaxillaries in contact or co-ossified in

front ; no bony auditory meatus ;

reduced : subequal in size to an upper

incisor ; wq shorter than and

together. General size moderate : fore-

arm 69’5-99 mm. Ethiopian, Oriental,

A ustro-Malayan

c^. Wings from back of 1st toe,

c®. Pollex (with claw) 30-37-5 mm, ;

2nd phalanx of 3rd digit 50-5-61-5.

Ears not attenuated at tip ; lower

leg 40-45-5 mm.

Skullsmaller : total length 40-5-

43-8 mm. ; rostrum slenderer ;

palate ridges normally 3-1-4

-j-1*. Forearm 89-99. S.

Africa

Skull larger: total length 43-6-

46-7 mm. ; rostrum heavier ;

palate ridges 4 -f- 4-1-1. Fore-

arm 88-99, Angola to Pales-

tine

5^. Ears attenuated at tip ; lower

leg 37-39-5 mm . ; forearm 87-96.

Arabia to Sind

iF, Pollex (with claw) 24-30 mm. ; 2nd

phalanx of 3rd digit 36-47-2.

c^. Molars not unusually narrow ; fur

short ; notopatRgium naked,

cb Wg elliptical in outline ; width

of ears (flattened) 14-5-15-8mm.

not deciduous ; fur on nape

and shoulders not unusually

scarce. Forearm 80-5-87-5

mm. India, Himalayas, to

S. China

Pt. Dupreanus.

Pi. heivus.

Pt. sahcms.

Pousettus.

P. Lecichi.

P. cepyptiacus.

P. arahicns.

P. LeschenauUi.

* 3 anterior, undivided ; 4 middle, interrupted in the median line ;

1 posterior, at palation border.

503

rterocyon, Rouscttus, and Mjonjcteris.

deciduous ; nape and shoul-

ders seminaked. Forearm

79-85*5 mm. Ceylon ....

subcircular in outline ; width

of ears (flattened) 10-13 mm.

c®. not deciduous. Forearm

77-87*2mm. Indo-Malayan.

d^. deciduous. Forearm 69*5-

75 mm. Austro-Malayan . .

#. Molars unusually narrow ; bony

palate narrow ; fur longer ;

notopatagium and tibiae well

haired. Forearm 72*5-75 mm.

Celebes

d\ Wings from back of 2nd toe ; fur

long and dense.

e^. Frontal region of skull between

postorbital processes concave ;

molars of normal breadth ; lower

leg short : 29-31 mm. Forearm

79-83*5. Ethiopian

/®. Frontal region of skull between

postorbital processes flat ; molars

excessively narrow ; lower leg 39-

40 mm. Forearm 88*5-90. Ethio-

pian

h. Cranial rostrum shortened .* front of orbit

vertically above back of p‘^ ; basicranial

axis nearly parallel to alveolar border.

Ethiopian

c'. Small : forearm 60-67 mm. Equatorial

Africa

seminudus.

R. amplexicaudatus* .

R, brachijotiS’

R. celehensis.

R, angolensis.

R. lanosus.

Myonycteris.

M. collaris.

I. Ptekocyon, Pet.

1861. Pterocyon, Peters, MB. Akad. Berlin, p. 423 Pt. helvus.

1881. Leiponyx, Jentink, Notes Leyden Mus. iii. p. 60 [nec

Liponyx^ Vieillot, 1816, a genus of birds] Pt. helvus.

Basicranial axis considerably deflected : alveolar line pro-

jected backward passing through bases of post-tympanic and

paroccipital processes. Rostrum long : front of orbit vertically

above posterior half or middle of wp. Tympanic produced

externally into a short tubular bony auditory meatus (a

peculiarity unique among bats). Premaxillaries separated

in front. Cutting-edges of lower incisors simple (not bifld).

in cross section twice the size of an upper incisor, mi

equal in length to Wg and combined. Palate ridges

4-f3-f 3. Size large : forearm 114-132 mm.

Range. — Madagascar ; African continent, from Sennaar

and Senegambia in the north to Nyasaland and Naraaqua-

land in the south ; S. Arabia.

On R. minor, see p. 509.

504

Mr. K. Andersen on

1. Pterocyon Dupreanus^ Sclil. & Poll.

1866. Pteropm Pupreanus^ Schlegel & Pollen; P. Z. S. p. 419 (N.W.

Madagascar).

Range. — Madagasear.

Cotypes in the Leiden Museum.

2. Pterocyon helvus, Kerr.

1771. Lesser Ternate Bat, Pennant, Syn. Quadr. p. 362. no. 274 b,

pi. xxxi. fig. 1.

1774. Vespertilio Vampyrus (nec L.), var. C, Schreber, Saugth. i.

p. 154.

1777. Pteropus Vampyrus, var. y, Erxleben, Syst. Regn. An., Mamm.

p. 133.

1781. Lesser Ternate Bat, Pennant, Hist. Quadr. ii. p. 552, pi. lii.

% .

1788. Vespertilio Vampyrus, var. y, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13, i.

p. 45.

1792. Pteropus Vampyrus, var. y, Donndorff, Zool. Beytr. i. p. 62.

1792. Vespertilio Vampyrus helvus, Kerr, Anim. Edngd. i. pt. i. pp. xvii,

91, no. 108.

1810. Pteropus stramineus, E. Geofifroy, Ann. Mus. d’Hist. nat. xv.

p. 95 (Timor, err ore).

1861. Pterocyon paleaceus, Peters, MB. Akad. Berlin, p. 423 (Africa).

1861. Pteropus mollipilosus, H. Allen, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad.

p. 159 (Gaboon).

1865. Pteropus palmarum, Heuglin, Leopoldina, Heft v. nos. 3-4, p. 34

(Middle and Upper Nile).

1866. Xantharpyia leucomelas, Fitzinger, SB. Akad. Wien, liv. Abth. i.

H. 10, p. 544 (Sennaar).

1881. Leiponyx Biittikoferi, Jentink, Notes Leyden Mus. iii. p. 59

(Liberia).

Range. — Africa, from Somaliland, Sennaar, and Sene-

gambia in the north, to Nyasaland, Mashonaland, and Nama-

qualand in the south.

Type not in existence.

Kerr’s Vespertilio Vampyrus helvus. — The present species

was well known to the early post-Linnean systematists, who

put it down as a variety of Vespertilio (or Pteropus) vam-

pyrus, L. The earliest recognizable figure and description

appear to be those given by Pennant, in 1771 (/. s. c.\ under

the name “ Lesser Ternate Bat,’^ so called because Pennant

considered it a lesser variety of Seba’s “ Cams volans

Ternatanus orientalis.^'' Kerr’s V. Vampyrus helvus

on Pennant’s description and figure of this bat. The type,

originally in Museum Leverianum, has probably been lost.

Ko habitat given by Pennant nor by Kerr. Senegal may

be fixed as the type locality of Pt. helvus.

Jentink’s Leiponyx Biittikoferi. — Type locality : St. Paul’s

505

Pterocyon, Rousettus, a>id Myonycteris.

River, Millsbury, Liberia; type in the Leyden Museum.

Chief characters, according to Jentink : postcanine teeth f;

second digit without claw. But the rest of the descrip-

tion and all the measurements are sufficient evidence that

L, Biittikoferi was based on a Pt. helms. It is important to

note that the skull was not extracted from the specimen (I

conclude from the fact that it is not recorded in Jentink^s

Catalogue of osteological specimens in the Leyden Museum) ;

the small posterior upper molar [rr^) can therefore easily have

been overlooked ; in aged individuals with much worn teeth

it is not rarely lost. The lack of a claw to the index-finger

must be fortuitous or an individual abnormality.

3. Pterocyon sabceuSj sp. n.

Differs from Pt, helvus in the following particulars : —

Skull smaller ; total length (one male ad., six females ad.)

51*5-55 mm., against 54*5-62*2 in Pt. helvus (nineteen males

ad., twelve females ad.) ; maxillary tooth-row 19*2-

20*8, against 21-23*5 ; cranial rostrum slenderer ; posterior

premolar and molars, above and below, markedly broader

than in the larger-skulled Pt, helvus. The external dimen-

sions average slightly smaller.

Range. — 8. Arabia (Lahej, Aden).

Type. — ? ad., skin and skull. Lahej, Aden ; Aug. 19tli,

189k Collected by Mr. Dodson. 13ritish Museum, no.

99. 11. 6. 3.

II. Rousettus, Gray.

1821. Rousettus, Gray, London Medical Reposi-

tory, XV. p. 299 (Apr. 1, 1821 )

1829. Cercopteropus, Burnett, Quart. Journ. Sci.

Lit. Art, xxvii. p. 269

1843. Eleutherura, Gray, List Mamm. B. M.

p. xix. Nomen nudum.

1843. Xantharpyia, Gray, List Mamm. B. M.

pp. xix, 37

1844. Eleutherura^ Grav, Voyage ‘ Sulphur,’ i.

p. 29 ‘

1852. Cynonycteris, Peters, Reise Mossamb.,

Zool. i., Saugeth. p. 25

1870. Senonycteris, Gray, Cat. Monk. &c. p. 115.

Type.

R. cegyptiacus.

R. amplexicaudatus.

R. Leachi.

R. seminudus.

Basicranial axis considerably deflected: alveolar line pro-

jected backward passing through upper part of occipital

condyle (minimum of deflection) or through base of zygoma

(maximum). Front of orbit vertically above posterior half

or middle of wb Tympanic not produced into a bony

Ann, <Sc Mag, N. Hist, Ser. 7. Vol, xix. 35

506

Mr. K, Andersen on

auditory meatus. Premaxillaries in contact or co-ossified in

front. Cutting-edges of lower incisors (when unworn) bifid ;

the emargination of the cutting-edge continued as a shallow

vertical groove for a short distance down the front face of

the crown, subequal in size to an upper incisor.

shorter than and combined. Palate ridges 4 (or 3) + 3

(or 4) +1 (or 2). Size moderate: forearm 69*5-99 mm.

Range, — The African continent, exclusive of the Mediter-

ranean countries W. of Egypt ; S. Asia, from Palestine

and Cyprus to S. China ; the Indo- and Austro-M^layan

Archipelago, as far east as the Solomon Islands.

1. Rousettus LeacM^ A. Sm.

]823. Pteropus eollaris (nec 111.), Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. Mus.

Berlin, p. 3, no. 47 (Terra Caffrorum).

1827. Pteropus amplexicaudatus (nec Geoff.), Temminck, Mon. Mamm.

i. pp. 260-261 (Cape).

1829. Pteropus Leachi, A. Smith, Zool. Joiirn. iv. p. 433 (Cape).

. 1832. Pteropus hottentottus, Temminck, in Smut’s Enum. Mamm.

Capens. p. 3 (Cape).

1843. Cynopterus Irrevicaudatus (nec Is. Geoff.), Gray, List Mamm.

B. M. p. 39.

Distinguished from all other species of the genus by the

combination of the following characters : — Frontal region of

skull between postorbital processes flattened ; premaxillaries

in contact, but rarely co-ossified ; total length of skull 40*5-

43*8 mm. ; palate ridges normally 4 + 3 + 1. Wings from

back of first toe, or interspace between first and second toe ;

pollex (with claw) 31-35*5 mm. ; second phalanx of third

digit 50*5-60 mm. ; second phalanx of fifth digit nearly

always shorter than first phalanx ; ears not attenuated at

tip ; fur short. Forearm 89-99 mm.

Range, — S. Africa : Cape Colony, Natal, Lower Zambesi

(Inham bane).

Cotype in the British Museum.

Illiger’s Pteropus eollaris. — Type locality : die ostlichen

[afrikanischen] Inseln ” ; no type. Illiger’s Pteropus eollaris

(Abh. Akad. Berlin, 1804-11, pp. 78, 84; published 1815)

is Brisson’s Pteropus collo ruhroy Boussette a col rouge ”

(1762), Schreber’s Vespertilio VampyruSy var. B (1774),

Pennant’s “ Rougette ” (1781), Kerr’s Vespertilio Vampyrus

suhniger (1792; earliest available name of the species),

E. GeofFroy’s Pteropus ruhrieollis (1810). In 1823 Lichten-

stein (I, s, c.) misapplied the name Pt, eollaris to the

S. African fruit-bat here under consideration ; but the error,

hidden as it was in the little-known ‘ Verz. Doubl. Mus.

507

Pterocyon, Rousettus, and Myonycteris.

Berlin/ passed for many years unnoticed, the species being

constantly referred to as Pteropus Leachi or Pt. hottentottus.

In 1852 Peters Reise nach Mossambique ’) confirmed

Lichtenstein’s wrong identification of Pt, collariSj and from

about that year the names Leachi and hottentottus gradually

went out of fashion, being replaced by collaris ; from about

1870 Leachi and hottentottus only appear in the lists of

synonyms of collaris,

2. Rousettus cegyptiacus^ E. Geoff.

1810. Pteropm cegyptiacus, E. Geoifroy, Ann. Mus. d’Hist. nat. xv.

p. 96 (Lower Egypt).

1825. Pteropus Geoffroyi, Temminck, Mon. Mamm. i. p. 197, pi. xv.

figs. 14, 15 (skull) (Egypt, “ Senegal ”).

1870. Eleutherura unic(dor, Gray, Oat. Monk. &c. p. 117 (Gaboon).

Similar to R, Leachiy but with larger skull, broader

rostrum, broader frontal region, and heavier teeth; palate

ridges normally 4 + 4 + 1. Forearm 88-99 mm.

Range, — From Loanda and Gaboon to Egypt, Erythrea,

Syria, Palestine, and Cyprus.

Cotypes in the Paris Museum.

3. Rousettus arahicus^ And. & de Wint.

1902. Rousettus arabicus, Anderson & de Winton, Zool. Egypt., Mamm.

pp. 86, 88, 89-90 (Aden).

Similar to R, Leachi^ but with shorter and lower rostrum,

narrower ear-tips, shorter tibia and foot. Forearm 87-96 mm.

Range, — From Arabia (Aden, Muscat) to Sind (Karachi).

Type in the British Museum.

4. Rousettus Leschenaulti^ Desm.

1820. Pteropus LescTienaultij Desmarest, Encycl. M^th., Mamm. i.

p. 110. no. 142 (Pondicbery).

1832. Pteropus sp., Hodgson, J. A. S. B. i. p. 340 (Nepal).

1835. Pteropus pyrivorus, Hodgson, J. A. S. B. iv. p. 700 (Nopal).

1843. Cynopterus affinis, Gray, List Mamm. B. M. p. 39 (Himalaya).

1870. Eleutherura marginata, Gray, Cat. Monk. &c. p. 118 (‘‘Nepal,”

i. e. Nasirabad).

1870. Eleutherura fuliginosa^ Gray, Cat. Monk. &c. p. 118 (Lao Mts.,

Siam).

1870. Eleutherura fusca, Gray, Cat. Monk. &c. p. 119 (“India ? ”).

1873. Cynonycteris mfuscata, Peters, MB. Akad. Berlin, p. 487 (Cal-

cutta).

Allied to R, arahicus^ but smaller, with the muzzle shorter

and slenderer, the tip of the ears not attenuated, the pollex

markedly shorter, wings shorter, especially the first and second

35*

508 Mr. K. Andersen on

phalanx of the third digit, and the foot smaller. Forearm

80-5-87-5 mm.

Bange. — Himalayas (Nepal), extending southward over

the Indian Peninsula (Pondichery), eastward through Bengal,

Burma, Siam (Lao Mts.) to S. China (Amoy).

Type in the Paris Museum.

Peters’s Cynonycteris infuscata. — Type locality : ange-

blich aus Calcutta ” (a dealer’s specimen) ; type in the Berlin

Museum (no. 361). “ Sehr ahnlich der (7. Leschenaultn, in

alien Verhaltnissen kleiner, dunkelbraun von Farbe, mit

schwarzen Krallenund dem ersten falschen Backzahn grosser”;

detailed measurements given ; forearm 68, third metacarpal 42,

tibia 29 mm. The type, I am informed by Prof. Matschie,

is a young, not full-grown individual (“ die Epiphysen an

den Fingergelenken sind noch nicht mit den Phalangen

verwachsen,” Matschie, in Utt.) ; hence its small size.

5. Bousettus seminuduSj Gray.

1870. Xantharpyia seminuda, Gray, Cat. Monk. &c. p. 115 (Ceylon).

Similar to B, Leschenaulti^ but deciduous, nape and

shoulders seminaked, general colour of fur lighter. Forearm

79-85*5 mm.

Bange. — Ceylon.

Type in the British Museum.

Gray’s Xantharpyia seminuda. — Type locality : Ceylon.

‘‘ Pteropus seminudus^ Kelaart,” is a nomen nudum ; in the

paper usually referred to by authors, viz. Blyth’s account in

J. A. S. B. xxi. p. 345 (1852), on a collection of mammals

sent by Kelaart to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, it appears

only as a synonym, without comment, of Ph. Leschenaulti ;

the same is the case in Kelaart’s ^ Prodromus Faunae Zey-

lanicae ’ (1852). The name remained a nomen nudum, until

in 1870 (/. s. c.) Gray published a brief diagnosis of

“ Xantharpyia seminuda ” ; the British Museum specimen

on which Gray based this diagnosis is, therefore, the type of

the species.

6. Bousettus ample xicaudatuSy E. Geoff.

1810. Pteropus amplexicaudatus, E. Geoffrey, Aim. Mus. d’Hist. nat.

XV. p. 96, pi. iv. (whole fig.) (Timor).

1870. Eleuiherura infvmata, Gray, Cat. Monk, &c. p. 118 (Flores).

1870. Eleuiherura philijypinensis, Gray, Cat. Monk. &c. p. 119 (Manila).

1898. Cynonycteris Bocagei, Seabra, J. Sci. Math. Lisboa, (2) v.

pp. 160-161, 169, pi. i. fig. 11 (palate ridges) (Timor).

Similar to R. Leschenauliij but subcircular in outline,

ears narrower. Forearm 77-87*5 mm.

Pterocyon, Roiisettus, and Myonycteris. 509

Range. — Cambodja, Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra, Engano,

Flores, Savu, Alor, Timor.

Type in the Paris Museum.

7. Rousettus minor ^ Dobs.

1873. Cynonycteris minor, Dobson, J. A. S. B. xlii. pt. ii. p. 203, pi. xiv.

fig. 9 (ear) (Java).

I have not, as yet, seen the type of Cynonycteris minor.

In none of the characters given by Dobson is there anything

to prove that R. minor is different from the true R. amplexi-

caudatus (Dobson, it must be remembered, lumped the

continental R. Leschenaulti and the Indo-Malayan, insular

R. ample xicaudatus into one species, Cynonycteris amplexi-

caudata,^' and when describing R. minor probably com-

pared it with R. Leschenaulti, not with the true R, amplexu

caudatus), — save perhaps in one: the length of forearm is

stated to be only 71 mm., whereas I have never seen a fully

adult R. amplexicaudatus with the forearm less than 77 mm.

I prefer to leave open the question as to the validity of

R. minor, until I have had an opportunity of examining the

type.

Range. — Java.

Type in the Calcutta Museum.

8. Rousettus hrachyotis. Dobs.

1877. Cynonycteris hrachyotis, Dobson, P. Z. S. p. 116 (Duke of York

Isl.).

Similar to R. amplexicaudatus, but smaller, with shorter

and narrower ears j deciduous; tooth-rows shorter. Fore-

arm 70-75 mm.

Range. — Amboina, New Guinea, New Ireland, Solomon

Isl.‘

Type in the British Museum.

9. Rousettus celehensis, sp. n.

Diagnosis. — Bony palate and all molariform teeth, above

and below, unusually narrow. Fur longer and richer than in

any of the foregoing species ; notopatagium partly (or wholly)

haired; general size small. Forearm 72*5-75 mm.

Skull. — General size as in R. amplexicaudatus-, rostrum

very low and slender ; bony palate unusually narrow ; width

externally across rn^-m^ 9*7 mm. (two adults), against 10*2-

11*8 in amplexicaudatus (ten adults).

Teeth. — Upper canine and p^ (middle premolar) widely

510

Mr. K. Andersen on

separated ; in the centre of the interspace between these

two teeth, not deciduous ; last premolar and molars above

and below very narrow : nii at least twice as long as broad ;

small, less than half the size of rn} ; p2 in cross section

three or four times the size of a lower incisor ; m2 about half

the length of subcircular in outline.

Palate ridges. — 4 + 3 + 1.

External structure. — Ears essentially as in E. amplexl-

caudaius : narrow, not attenuated below the tip, the tip itself

broadly rounded off ; antitragal lobe small, rounded. General

size of the animal as in R. hrachyotis (thus smaller than

R, amplexicaudatus)^ but digits proportionally considerably

longer than in any other eastern species of the genus

(index of pollex 392, of third digit 1646, against 335-41

(pollex) and 1529-41 (third digit) in all other eastern

species). Tail long, probably about 20 mm. (only dried

skins examined).

Fur. — Longer, richer, and more velvet than in R. amplexi-

caudatus and allied eastern species ; notopatagium clothed

with dense fur ; hairing on forearms, tibiae, interfemoral, and

underside of plagiopatagiura longer and richer ; face more

densely haired.

Colour, — Brighter than in R, amplexicaudatus. Back

light ProuBs browm, rump more inclining to mars-brown

tinged with russet ; sides of back and tibiae next to membranes

almost vandyke-brown ; crown and occiput dark brown,

approaching bister; nape of neck broccoli-brown; a tuft of

glandular mummy-brown hairs on either side of the neck in

both sexes ; entire underside of body dark greyish drab. —

Immature individuals are similar in colour to adults, but

without the mummy-brown neck-tuft.

Range. — Celebes.

Type. — ? ad., skin and skull. Mt. Masarang, Celebes,

3500' ; Oct. 1895. Collected by Dr. Chas. Hose. Brit. Mus.

no. 97. 1. 2. 8. Three specimens examined.

Remarks. — On hasty inspection this species, owing to its

small size, can easily be (and has in fact repeatedly been)

confused with R. hrachyotis. The larger skull, very narrow

palate, narrow molars, not deciduous p^, much longer pollex

(28-30 mm., against 24-26 in hrachyotis)^ longer wings

(chiefly owing to the longer metacarpals), much longer fur,

haired notopatagium, and much more densely haired tibiae

readily distinguish it from R. hrachyotis,

10. Rousettus angolensisy Bocage.

1898. Cynonycteris angolensis, Bocage, Jorii. Sci. Math. Lisboa, (2) v.

pp. 133, 138, fig. (palate ridges) (Pungo Andonga, Cahata, Quibula).

Pterocyon, Rousettus, and Myonycteris. 511

Frontal region of skull between postorbital processes dis-

tinctly concave ; premaxillaries co-ossified in front ; molars

as broad as (or broader than) in R, Leachi\ p2 in cross

section only equalling or slightly exceeding a lower incisor.

Wings from back of second toe ; second phalanx of fifth digit

nearly always longer than first phalanx ; antitragal lobe well

developed ; lower leg very short (29-31 mm.) ; fur long ;

notopatagium haired. Size smaller than in B, Leachi ; fore-

arm 77-83*5 mm.

Range. — Angola, north-westward to Cameroon and Togo,

eastward through the Congo Basin to Ruwenzori and German

East Africa.

Cotypes in the Lisbon and British Museums.

11. Rousettus lanosuSj Thos.

1906. Rousettus lanosus, Thomas, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (7) xviii. p. 137

(Ruwenzori East).

Molars excessively narrow; p2 in cross section twice or

three times the bulk of a lower incisor. Wings from back of

second toe; second phalanx of fifth digit longer than first

phalanx ; antitragal lobe indistinct ; lower leg not shorter

than usual (39-40 mm.) ; fur long and coarse ; notopatagium

haired. Larger than R, angolensis : forearm 88*5-90 mm.

Range, Shoa ; Ruwenzori East, 5000-13, 000k

Type in the British Museum.

III. Myonycteris, Matschie.

1899. Myonycteris, Matschie, Megachiroptcra, pp. 61, 63.

Type.

M. coUaris.

Basicranial axis only slightly deflected : alveolar line pro-

jected backward passing through middle of external auditory

meatus. Tympanic not produced into a bony auditory

meatus. Rostrum shortened, owing to enlargement of orbital

cavity : front of orbit vertically above back of p\ Pre-

maxillaries in contact in front. Cutting-edges of lower incisors

(when unworn) bifid, p^ in cross section subequal to an upper

incisor, rn? and rudimentary, m2 much reduced in size

(from one fourth to somewhat less than half the bulk of m-^,.

Palate ridges : 4-f3 + ?. Size small : forearm 60-67 mm.

Range. Ethiopian.

Matschie^s Myonycteris. — Myonycteris in its original sense

(a subgenus of Xantharpyia ; Matschie, I, s, c.) included two

species, M, torquata (i. e. collaris ; the type) and M. angoU

ensis. But angolensis is a true Rousettus, whereas collaris,

as being in skull and teeth more closely related to Cynopterus

512

Mr. K. Andersen on

than to Eousettus, but clearlj different from both, must be

kept in a separate genus. Matschie^s definition of Mi/o~

nycteris was, however, based not on the species selected by

him as type of the subgenus, viz. collaris^ but on angolensis ;

the diagnosis of the genus as given above is therefore entirely

different from that published by Matschie.

1. My 0 nycteris collaris^ Gray.

1870. Cynopterus collaris, Gray, Cat. Monk. <&c. p. 123 W. Africa ”).

1878. Cynonycteris torquata, Dobson, Cat. Cbir. B. M. p. 76, pi. v.

fig. 1 (Angola).

1889. Cynonycteris hrachycephala, Bocage, Jorn. Sci. Math. Lisboa,

(2) i. p. 197 (San Thome).

Forearm 60-67 mm. Wings from back of first phalanx

of second toe.

Range. — From tlie Congo Basin southward to Angola,

north-westward to San Thome, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.

Type in the British Museum.

Gray’s Cynopterus collaris. — Type locality ; W. Africa^^;

the British Museum register for 1843 proves the specimen to

have been obtained near Congo.^’ Gray’s statement (/. s. c.)

that the specimen is young is incorrect; his quotation of

“ Gray, List Mamm. B. M. (1843),^’ where the specimen is

stated to have been registered under the name Xantharpyia

collaris^ does not refer to the printed text of that book, but to

a hand-written addition by Gray in the British Museum copy

of the book. Prior to 1870 collaris ■” had not been used as

a specific name in the genus Cynopterus ; it is therefore valid,

and antedates Cynonycteris torquata^ Dobson.

Bocage’s Cynonycteris hrachycephala. — Type locality :

S. Thorn^, Gulf of Guinea; type in the Lisbon Museum.

From the description la premibre premolaire et la derni^re

molaire extrernement petites aux deux macho ires ” ; forearm

62 mm.) and the figure of the skull and teeth in palate view

clearly a M. collaris.

General Remarks,

The Genera. — Rousettus is allied to Fterocyon ; the two

genera probably represent diverging branches from one

common stem. They accord in most of their important

cranial, dental, and external characters; in both the basi-

cranial axis is deflected to practically the same degree. In

having the premaxillaries in contact or co-ossified (not sepa-

rated), the tympanic not produced into a bony auditory

meatus, not lengthened, and less reduced in size.

Pterocyon, Rousettus, and Myonycteris,

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Mr. K. Andersen on

Rouseltus is more primitive than Pterocyon ; but it is on a

higher level in the rather shorter rostrum, and the more

reduced p^. The range of the genus Rousettus over the whole

of the Ethiopian and Oriental regions, the close affinity

of R, arahicus to the S. African R. Leachij the absence

of any representative of the genus from the whole of the

Mediterranean subregion except Egypt, are evidence that

its origin dates back to a time when, owing to different

physiographic conditions, Africa and S. Asia were much

more intimately connected than now. Pterocyon is a more

specialized Ethiopian offshoot of the common prototype.

In its essential cranial and dental characters Myonycteris

is intermediate between Rousettus and Cynopterus^ though

nearer to Cynopterus. In Rousettus the basicranial axis is

very distinctly deflected ; in Myonycteris^ as in Cynopterus^

it is nearly parallel to the alveolar border. In Rousettus

the cranial rostrum has remained comparatively long, the

anterior edge of the orbital cavity being vertically above

the posterior half or middle of ni} ; in Myonycteris the

rostrum is considerably shortened, chiefly owing to the

fact that the anterior edge of the orbital cavity is pressed

forward to a point vertically above the back of p^ ; in

Cynopterus the rostrum is still shorter and stouter, the

anteorbital rim pressed still a little farther forward, to a

point above the middle of From a glance at the dental

formula it would seem that Myonycteris (molars §) is closely

in accordance with Rousettus (f), and essentially different

from Cynopterus (J), but in reality Myonycteris is also in its

teeth nearer to Cynopterus ] in Rousettus m? is reduced in

size, in Myonycteris quite rudimentary, in Cynopterus lost ;

in Rousettus m<^ is normal, small ; in Myonycteris m2 is

much reduced in size, rudimentary ; in Cynopterus m2

much reduced in size, m3 lost. In short, the cranial and

dental peculiarities (non-deflection of brain-case, shortening

of rostrum, reduction of posterior molars) which distinguish

Myonycteris from Rousettus have been preserved, or carried

still farther, in Cynopterus ; if the skull of Myonycteris were

known from a fossil state only, this bat would undoubtedly

have been declared a “ connecting-link ” between Rousettus

and Cynopterus. Also externally, in the form of the tip of the

muzzle (vertical furrow between nostrils deep and narrow,

inner margins of nostrils abruptly projecting), Myonycteris

closely approximates Cynopterus,

The Species. — The three species of Pterocyon are closely

interrelated. Pt. Dupreanus^ from Madagascar, with its

relatively longer rostrum and less modifled fur-structure, is

Pterocyon, Kousettus, and Myonycteris. 515

apparently the least modified species. Pt, sabceusj from

S.W. Arabia, is a small-skulled and broad-toothed repre-

sentative of the African Pt. helvus.

The eleven known species of Rousettus are referable to five

types : — (1) R, Leachi, cegyptiacuSy and arahicus : rather

heavily built species, with strong rostrum and teeth, the

second phalanx of third digit lengthened, the pollex com-

paratively long ; distributed over Africa generally, Cyprus,

Palestine, Syria, and Arabia, as far east as Sind (Karachi) ;

R, cegyptiacus is a larger-skulled modification of the R. Leachi

type ; R. arahicus is more closely related to the S. African

R. Leachi than to R. cegyptiacus. — (2) R. Leschenaulti^ semi-

nuduSj amplexicaudatus, minor and hrachyotis : very closely

related to the species of the former group, but rather more

delicately built, with slenderer rostrum, feebler teeth, the

second phalanx of the third digit not lengthened, the pollex

comparatively shorter ; the members of this group are, pro-

bably, on the whole slightly less specialized than those of

the former ; R. Leschenaulti (continental S. Asia) and semi-

nudus (Ceylon) come near to the S. African R. Leachi in the

width of the interspace between c and the size and shape

of w?3, the width of the ears, and the length of the tail ; in

the Indo-Malayan R. amplexicaudatus there is a tendency to

a reduction of the diastema c-p^, m^, is smaller and more

circular in outline, the ears narrower, the tail averaging

longer, the general dimensions smaller ; most of these

characters find a climax in the Austro-Malayan R. hrachyotis :

diastema c-p^ still more reduced, p^ deciduous, ears still

smaller, size smaller. — (3) R. celehensis : peculiarly narrow

palate, narrow molars, longer and richer fur, small size, pro-

portionally long wings ; probably a modification of the

R. amplexicaudaius-hr achy Otis type. — (4) R, angolensis (Togo,

Cameroons, and Angola, to Ruwenzori), a peculiar species:

skull and teeth differing in some details, fur long and

dense, coloration richer than usual. — (5) R. lanosus (Shoa,

Puwenzori), the most aberrant species of the genus : molars

excessively narrow, fur very long and dense.

From a more general point of view the first three of these

groups (the members of which are certainly more closely

related to each other than to those of groups 4 and 5) may

be united into one section, giving a long chain of intimately

connected forms from W. Africa to the Solomon Islands ;

R. angolensis and still more R. lanosus are aberrant repre-

sentatives of this widely distributed type of bat.

516

Mr. R. I. Pocock on the

LX. — Notes on the Quagga and BurcheWs Zehra in the

Paris Museum, By R. I. PocoCK, Superintendent of the

Zoological Society’s Gardens, London.

In the ^ Bulletin du Museum d’Histoire naturelle,’ pp. 449-

452 (1906), Dr. Trouessart has given an account, illustrated

by two admirable photogravures, of a quagga and a Burchell’s

zebra preserved in the Paris Museum. The quagga especially

proves to be a specimen of considerable systematic import-

ance; and since Dr. Trouessart omits to mention one or

two points of interest connected with it, and makes some

statements which are contrary to fact, no apology is needed

for supplementing his communication with the following

comments.

In a paper* on the Cape Colony quaggas, with which

Dr. Trouessart does not appear to be acquainted, I pointed

out that the two forms named respectively by Mr. Lydekker f

E. quagga Greyi and E, q. Lorenzi resemble each other and

differ from E. q. quagga and E, q. Danielli in having the stripes

brown and the interspaces creamy yellow ; and, further, that

they may be distinguished from each other by certain cha-

racters, of which the width of the stripes on the neck is one.

In Lorenzi the neck-stripes are exceedingly wide, the inter-

spaces forming distinct but very narrow pale lines, whereas

in Greyi the interspaces are relatively broad and the stripes

correspondingly narrow.

So far as the width of the neck-stripes is concerned the

Paris specimen is more like the type of Lorenzi than is any

other recorded specimen. But the stripes are even wider J

and the intervening areas narrower than in the Vienna

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiv. pp. 313-328 (1904).

t ‘ Knowledge,’ xxv. p. 221 (1902). Dr. Trouessart probably had no

opportunity of consulting this paper.

% In his description of the Paris specimen Dr. Trouessart writes : —

‘‘ Les bandes fonc6s du cou sont doubles par le bas, mais confluentes a

leur partie superieure, de telle sorte que la bande intercalaire blanche est

tres Itroite.” The photograph does not bear out this statement, for on

the left side of the body the stripes, so far as can be seen, are in two

cases confluent below and divided above and in two cases divided below

and confluent above, the rest being entire. Such confluence is not

unusual in the quaggine races of Equus, with which I include the

Burch elline zebras. In any case, the alleged confluence does not affect

the total number of neck-stripes, which is approximately the same in

the Paris and Vienna specimens, as well as in the type of Greyi and

various kinds of zebras of the Burchelli type. It is, moreover, the in-

crease in the width of the stripes, not their confluence, that causes the

narrowness of the intervening pale area.

517

Quagga and BurchelVs Zebra.

example. In the latter, as in the Paris example, the pale

intervening areas are distinct upon the withers ; but behind

the withers in the Paris example they die out, the flanks

being only indistinctly striped and the hind-quarters practi-

cally unstriped. In Lorenzi^ on the other hand, the inter-

vening spaces persist in such a manner as to leave no doubt

that both in pattern and posterior extension the stripes were,

to all intents and purposes, like those o£ typical Burchell’s

zebra {E. quagga Burchelli)^ the so-called “ saddle selle ”

of Trouessart), characteristic of that animal and the more

northern forms related to it,' being quite evident Herein

lies the chief difference between the.. Paris and -Vienna

specimens. To the type of Greyi^ on the contrary, the Paris

specimen shows a close resemblance in the obliteration of the

stripes on the body and hind-quarters.

Further evidence of likeness between the three specimens

above discussed, and especially between the Vienna and Paris

animals, is supplied by Dr. Trouessart’s statement that the

latter has the appearance of a chestnut horse banded with

white, the stripes being brown and the intervening areas

whitish. In the typical quagga and E, q. Danielli^ on the

other hand, the stripes were black and the intervening areas

chestnut.

It will be evident from what has been said that the Paris

specimen is to a great extent intermediate in its characters

between the types of Lorenzi and Greyi. This fact may be

used as an argument in favour of the view held in 1904 by

Mr. Lydekkert, that all the genuine quaggas belonged to a

single species very variable in the degree of development of

its stripes, but not resolvable into geographical races or sub-

species ; and also in support of tlie opinion, maintained by

myself, that there were several local forms of this animal, the

assumption of the probable existence of intermediates justi-

fying the view that only a subspecitic value should be

assigned to the differences between them. Whatever con-

clusion be formed with regard to this matter, the chief interest

of Dr. Trouessart’s paper upon the Paris specimen lies in the

fact that it has proved the former existence of a quagga

* As I have already pointed out, the pattern of the stripes on the body

and hind-quarters of the type of Lorenzi affords convincing evidence of

the nearness of the affinity between this quagga and typical Burchelli.

Dr. Lorenz also was forcibly struck by the similarity between the two

animals in this respect. The resemblance between them makes it im-

possible to draw up a logical definition of “ quaggas ” as distinct from

“ Burchell’s zebras.’

t P. Z. S. 1904, i. pp. 426-431.

518

Mr. E. I. Pocock on the

intermediate in coloration between two specimens that have

been made the types of distinct subspecies, namely Greyi and

LorenzL

In his account of the Burcheirs zebra in the Paris Museum,

Dr. Trouessart incidentally attempts to prove that the forms

named BurchelU and Chapmanni are specifically distinct from

each other. Under Chapmanni he includes the northern

form described as Bohmi (^=Granti) and presumably also

Selousiy Wahlhergi^ and antiquorum. It is of no great

moment whether these forms be regarded as species or sub-

species ; but since a practically complete gradation in the

disappearance of the stripes from the fetlocks upwards to the

root of the tail can be traced from Bohmi and Selousi through

Chapmannij Wahlhergi^ and antiquorum to the various types

of BurchelU (sensu stricto)^ it is illogical to draw a line

between BurchelU and Wahlhergiy classifying the latter with

Bohmi and Selousi and letting the former stand alone.

The distinctions upon which Dr. Trouessart lays stress are

the alleged absence of stripes upon the legs in BurchelU and

the presence of only narrow, faint, and incomplete stripes

upon the hind-quarters, beneath the last complete stripe that

runs from the root of the tail to the groin (“aine”). Contrasted

with, this are the strong complete stripes on the hind-quarters

in Chapmanni and their extension at least as far as the hocks.

It is quite true that typical Chapmanni may be distinguished

from iy^ic2i\ BurchelU by these and other characters ; but the

variation in the development and downward extension of the

stripes over the quarters in individual specimens of BurchelU is

very great. I have before me the photograph of a specimen

that formerly lived in the London Zoological Gardens. In

this there are only about two very faint and narrow stripes

below the one that passes to the root of the tail. The example

in the Bristol Museum* is also very imperfectly striped below

that line. This is also the case in an example that was living

in the Amsterdam Zoological Gardens a year or two ago.

Nevertheless the statement that there are no stripes on

the legs in Burchelks zebra is not true. Stripes are quite

commonly retained both on the knees and hocks ; and by

publishing the photograph of the BurchelU preserved in the

Paris Museum, Dr. Trouessart has supplied additional and

conclusive evidence of the occasional extension of transverse

stripes — narrow and more or less broken up certainly — all

over the hind-quarters down to the level of the junction of the

* For fig. and description, see Pocock, P. Z. S. 1903, ii. p. 196, and

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx. p. 41 (1897).

519

Quagga and BurcJielVs Zebra.

femur and the tibia. In the striping of this region, indeed,

this specimen forcibly recalls the example of Wahlbergi in

the Tring Museum, in which the stripes on the lower portion

of the quarters are broken up into an irregular reticulated

pattern To maintain that the Tring specimen of WahU

hergi and the Paris specimen of BurchelU represent distinct

species, and to hold at the same time that the former belongs

to the same species as the types of Selousi and Grantij

obscures the plainest facts of affinity as testified by likeness ;

and the adoption of Dr. TrouessarPs view regarding the

zebras in question, and the nomenclature it involves, renders

abortive one of the primary purposes of systematic naming —

that is to say, the expression of relationships, of which, in

this case at least, resemblances are the sole criteria.

Touching the affinity between so-called zebras ” and

quaggas,” Dr. Trouessart remarks that Burchell’s zebra

approaches the quagga in pattern more than it approaches

its allies, the other zebras. The truth of this statement can

scarcely be admitted, for the likeness between BurchelU and

Wahlbergi is, on the whole, greater than the likeness between

BurchelU and the most zebra ’’-like of all the quaggas,”

namely Lorenzi. Nevertheless it is gratifying to welcome an

adherent of the view that the differences between Burchell’s

zebra"” and quaggas ” are practically equivalent to the

differences between BurchelPs zebra and other zebras of the

same type, such as Chapman’s. Dr. Trouessart, however,

does not admit specific identity between quaggas and

Burchell’s zebras, for the alleged reason that the ground-

colour of the latter is white or clear grey without mixture of

red or yellow. It is difficult to find justification for this

argument, since Dr. Trouessart himself describes the ground-

colour of the quagga in the Paris Museum as white. More-

over, the tint of the ground-colour is not a specific character

in this group of Equidae ; and it is not true that it is always

white in BurchelU^ as the literature on the subject conclusively

proves. For instance, although Gray described the type

specimen as white betAveen the stripes, I pointed out ten

years ago that in the specimen in the Bristol Museum the

ground-colour on the body and hind-quarters is dark ruddy

greyish brown ” ; and in a stuffed specimen in the British

Museum the interspaces are heavily washed with yellowish

brown f. The same variability in tint is shown in Chapman’s

* See Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx. p. 45 (1897).

t In this specimen the stripes on the hind-quarters extend right down

to the level of the femoro-tibial joint and are more complete and distinct

than in the Paris example.

520 Messrs. O. Thomas and R. C. roughton on

zebras. In the case of two specimens living last year in the

Zoological Gardens in London, the interspaces of one were

white, of the other ochre-yellow. Lastly, as has already

been stated in this and other papers, the ground-colour in

quaggas proper is either chestnut or creamy white.

Hence the reasons advanced by Dr. Trouessart for separating

Burchell’s zebra specifically from quaggas have no foundation

in fact.

LXI. — 'New Mammals from Lake Chad and the Congo^

mostly from the Collections made daring the Alexander-

Gosling Expedition. By Oldfield Thomas, F.R.S., and

R. C. Wroughton.

The following descriptions of two new forms of dassie were,

by oversight, omitted from our paper in last month’s issue of

this Magazine (p. 370).

Procavia Lopesi, sp. n.

A large dassie of the hypsodont group with a buff dorsal

spot.

Size about as in Mackinderi ; fur short (20 mm.) and

harsh as compared with that of Mackinderi (40 mm.) or even

of Jachsoni (30 mm.) ; general colour above near “ raw

umber” of Ridgway, resulting from a mixture of black and

buff ; under surface dark buffy, the hairs greyish at base.

Under-fur of back slate-grey at base, dirty white terminally ;

hairs of outer fur either wholly black, or black with pale buff

tips.

Face grizzled black and white or buffy, the dark patch on

the vertex really black, otherwise the usual colour-pattern of

the genus ; the dorsal spot comparatively broad, its hairs

bright buff from base to tip.

Skull large as in Mackinderi^ much larger than in Jacksoni^

width of frontals much less than in the former, nasals narrow

as in Jacksonij quite different fiom the broad nasals of

Mackinderi.

Dimensions of the type (those of the body taken in the

flesh) : —

Head and body 560 mm.; hind foot 70 ; ear 35.

Skull (Stage VIII.) ; greatest length 100 ; basilar length

90; greatest breadth 57; greatest breadth of frontals 39;

anterior breadth of frontals 22 ; anterior breadth of nasals

new Mammals f rom Lake Chad and the Congo, 521

9*5 ; length of nasal suture 26 ; length of upper molar series

43 ; greatest breadth of m' 8.

Hab. Kodja Ili.ll, Gaima Range ; River Kibali, Monbuttu.

Type, Adult female. Original no. 105. Collected by

Mr. Boyd Alexander, 18th July, 1906. (Two specimens

examined.)

The present species is easily distinguishable from either of

its neighbours Mackinderi and Jacksoni by its very short

fur and black vertex. In skull-characters it resembles

Jacksoni in its long narrow nasals, but differs in its greater

size and stouter teeth ; from Mackinderi, with which it

agrees closely in size, it is at once distinguishable by its

shorter fur, narrow nasals, and slightly larger teeth.

We have much pleasure in dedicating this species to Jose

Lopes, who followed Mr. Alexander so pluckily throughout

his long and arduous journey.

Procavia sharica^ sp. n.

A hypsodont dassie of medium size with a linear orange

dorsal spot.

Size approximately as in the Nigerian Goslingi ; fur short

(15 mm.) and harsh as compared with that of Goslingi ;

general colour above near hair-brown,” resulting from a

mixture of black and ^‘wood-brown”; hairs of undersurface

buffy to their bases; under-fur of back wood-brown with dark

brown bases ; the hairs of outer fur black with pale buffy tips.

Face grizzled black and white; crown dark (near “seal-

brown”), the dark area extending on to the nape; con-

spicuous patches of “ pinkish buff” behind the ears. Dorsal

spot long (50 mm.), narrow (6-7 mm.), its hairs “ ochraceous

buff” from base to tip.

Skull narrower for its size than in Goslingi, larger in all

ways than that of the Soudanese rujiceps at the same stage ;

nasals about the same length as in Goslingi and rujiceps, but

narrowing sharply anteriorly, very markedly more so than in

either of the other species.

Dimensions of type (those of body taken in the flesh) : —

Head and body 456 mm. ; hind foot 70 ; ear 28.

Skull (Stage VI.) : greatest length 85 ; basilar length 73 ;

greatest breadth 47 ; greatest breadth of frontals 35 ;

antep>’’ breadth of frontals 20 ; anterior breadth of nasals 8 ;

length of nasal suture 20 ; length of upper molar series

to 32 ; greatest breadth of 6*5.

Hah, Kajibu, Shari River.

Type, Young male. Original no. 45. Collected by

Ann, do Mag. N, Hist, Ser. 7. Vol, xix. 36

522 Mr. A. S. Hirst on Spiders

Capt. G. B. Gosling on 14th July, 1905. (Four specimens

examined.)

The specimens collected by Capt. Gosling are very uniform

in their characters. The two nearest neighbours of sharica are

Goslingi and rujiceps. The duller colouring and harsh fur

of sharica serve to distinguish it easily from Goslingi, while

its colour separates it at once from the pale, white-bellied

rujiceps. In skull-characters the sudden narrowing anteriorly

of the nasals of sharica differentiates it from both of the

others.

LXIl. — On Two Spiders of the Genus Selenocosmia.

By A. S. Hirst.

Selenocosmia Stalkeri^ sp. n.

$. — Colour Cephalothorax and legs a light brown;

sternum and lower surface of coxae of legs, together with the

dorsal surface of the patellae of the posterior legs, darker in

colour.

Ocular tubercle a little more than twice as long as broad ;

the lateral part low, the central part higher.

Eyes, Front row of eyes procurved ; anterior median eyes

a little larger than the anterior laterals and separated from

them by a diameter (of a median eye), the space between

the median eyes being a little more than a diameter. Poste-

rior median eyes small and placed a little in front of the

posterior laterals, from which they are separated by a short

interval.

Cephalothorax. Length of cephalothorax much greater

than the breadth and exceeding the length of the tibia and

patella of the first and fourth leg. Fovea less strongly pro-

curved than is the case in S. Stirlingi and of rather small

extent.

Sternum elongate in shape ; posterior sigilla situated in

the anterior two thirds of it and distant a little less than a

third of the width from the lateral margins.

Legs. First pair of legs measuring a little less than three

times the length of the cephalothorax. Tibia and patella of

the first and fourth pairs equal in length. Tibia of fourth

pair much shorter than the metatarsus.

Stridulating-hacilla of maxillipalp forming a narrow and

elongate patch, which is convex below and runs along the

523

of the Genus Selenocosmia.

greater part of the length of the anterior surface of the coxa,

the bacilla being arranged in comparatively few rows (fig. 1).

Measurements in mm. Length of cephalothorax 20 ‘5, of

sternum 9, of mandibles 11, of first leg 58, of second leg 51,

of third leg 47*5, of fourth leg 60*5, of stridulating-area of

maxilla 5*5 ; breadth of cephalothorax (at the middle) 16*5 ;

breadth of cephalothorax (anterior edge) 11*75 ; breadth of

sternum 7, of mandible 5 ; greatest breadth of stridulating-

area 1*5.

Fig. 1.

Anterior surface of the coxa of the maxilla of Selenocosmia Stalkeri.

Hah. A single female specimen was collected by Mr. W.

Stalker at Alexandria, Northern Territory of South Australia,

during the month of December 1905. The specimen was

presented to the British Museum by Sir William Ingram

and the lion. John Forest.

Collector’s note : — “ Hole driven in very hard ground ;

about 1 foot in depth and slightly chambered.”

Remarks, This new form differs from S. Stirlingi in that

the posterior sigilla are further removed from the posterior

margin of the sternum and that the fovea of the cephalo-

thorax is less strongly procurved. It also differs from that

species in the shortness of the hair which clothes the legs and

in the relative size and position of the eyes. The structure of

the stridulating-area also affords a character of some import-

ance. S. Stalkeri differs from S. vulpina chiefly in the

characters presented by the eyes and in the bacilla of the

stridulating-area being stouter, and from S. crassipes,

8. strenuus, and S. validus apparently in the relative length

of the legs.

Selenocosmia himalayana^ Pocock.

Colour. Cephalothorax greyish brown; body and legs

black ; dorsal surface of coxae and trochanters of the legs,

together with their patellae, white or greyish white and tinged

with yellow ; abdomen dorsally greyish brown or dark in

colour.

3G-^

524

On Sjnders of the Genus Selenocosmia.

c? . — Cephalothorax of less length than the patella and

tibia of the fourth leg.

Legs. Patella and tibia of first leg a little longer than the

corresponding segments of the fourth, the difference being

due to the slightly greater length of the patella of the first

leg. Metatarsus of fourth leg greatly exceeding the tibia in

length.

Palpal organ (fig. 2) provided with an obtuse projection

or lobe, which is situated on the outer side at the junction

of the elongate portion of the organ with the bulb.

Fig. 2.

External view of palpal organ of Selenocosmia himalaycma.

Measurements in mm. Length of carapace 20, of tibia and

patella of first leg 24, of tibia and patella of fourth leg 22,

of metatarsus of fourth leg 18 ; greatest breadth of cephalo-

thorax 16.

$ . — Cephalothorax equal in length to the patella and

tibia of the fourth leg.

Legs. Patella and tibia of the first leg a little shorter than

the patella and tibia of the fourth. Metatarsus of fourth leg

exceeding the tibia in length.

Measurements in mm. Length of cephalothorax 18, of tibia

and patella of first leg 17, of tibia and patella of fourth

leg 18 ; total length (mandibles inch) 39; greatest breadth

of cephalothorax 25.

Hab. A single adult male from Kasauli, Simla, 6600 feet

(July 1905), and a single adult female from Dalhousie,

N.W. Himalayas, 6000 feet. The specimens were collected

by Col. Barrow.

Remarks. The acquisition of fully grown specimens of

both sexes by the British Museum has enabled me to supple-

ment the description * of this handsome species, which was

hitherto known from a single small-sized specimen.

^ Pocock, Journ. Bomb. N. H. Soc. xii. p. 746 (1899), and Faun. Brit.

Ind., Arachn. p. 200 (1900).

On Brachiopod Nomenclature,

o25

LX III. — Brachiopod Nomenclature : the Genotype of

Terebratula. By S. S. Buckman, F.G.S.

[Plate XII.]

To which author must the generic term Terehratala be

ascribed, what species is the type of the genus, and to what

formation does it belong ? These are the questions which it

is proposed to answer in the following communication. What

opinions are held at present may be shown by citing a few

noted authorities.

Davidson * says Terehratala^ Llhwyd, 1696, type T, vitrea

Linn. sp. ” ; but he states further that Llhwyd’s species

Terebratula minor suhruhra is Terebratula maxillata. In the

Appendix issued in 1856, p. 16, he speaks of Terebratula

maxillata, Sow., as being the fossil type of Terebratula.

Dali, in his Index t, writes “ Terebratula 0. F. Muller

1776 ... . Muller cannot be said to have settled the type.

T. vitrea^ Lam., and T. perovalis^ Sow., are generally

accepted as the types of the genus.”

H. Douvill^, * Genres de Brachiopodes/ says J : — Tere-

bratula, Klein, 1753. Espece type: Terebratula terebratulay

Linne sp. Ce genre a ete fonde par Klein pour les Concha

anomia de Fabio Colonna ; Klein reproduit une des figures

de cet auteur repr^sentant une T4rebratule fossile du groupe

des Biplicatcej trbs-voisine de la T. ampulla du Pliocbiie

d’ltalie. C’est cette figure, k laquelle Linne a appliqu^ le

nom specijtque de Terebratula^ que nous prendrons pour type

du genre.”

He reproduces Colonna’s figure and names it Terebratula

terebratulay Linne sp.”

Hall and Clarke, in their ^ Introduction to Brachiopoda,’

state §: — ^^Terebratula, Klein, 1753 It is inferred

that the species [Linne’s Anomia terebratula^ is a fossil from

the Mesozoic or Tertiary formations, though its geological

horizon is not more precisely known.” They reproduce

Colonna-Klein^s figure and give it the name “ Terebratula

simplex, Klein ” ||.

Schuchert, in his ^ Brachiopoda ’ If, says concisely : —

* ‘ Classification of the Brachiopoda,’ Monograph, vol. i. part 1. n 62

(Pal. Soc.) (1854). ^

t Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. viii. 1877, p. 70.

X Bull. Soc. G4ol. France, (3) vii. p. 264 (1880).

§ Thirteenth Ann. Keport State Geologist for 1893, vol. ii p 875

(1894).

II See note below, p, 530.

^ Text-book Pal., Zittel, transl. Eastman, vol. i. p. 329 (1900).

526

Mr. S. {S. Buckman on

Terehratulaj Klein, 1753. Genus not well known, Meso-

zoic or Tertiary ” ; and he appends a figure labelled Tere-

hratula Phillipsiy Morris.”

These extracts show current opinion ; but all except Dali

ascribe the name to pre-Linnean authorities, which is contrary

to present custom. If a pre-Linnean authority were to be

taken, it would not be Klein, but Llhwyd, who was the true

originator of the term *. However, modern nomenclature

begins with Linnd t? and as he did not use the term Tere-

hratula in a generic sense, it is necessary to take the first

post-Linnean authority. The following is the result of an

investigation into the practice of early post-Linnean users of

the term : —

1776. 0. F. M,uller, Zool. Dan. Prod. p. 249.

This is the first post-Linnean use of the term Terehratula\,

He mentions three species, the first of which is Terehratula

cranium §, of which he says : — Hsec Terehratula auctorum,

an vero Linnaii? Valvulas enim nec bi- nec triplicatas

invenio.” It is evident that Muller employs Terehratula

as an accepted term in general use, and is not defining it or

giving a type, though he indicates that what Linnaeus called

Anomia terehratula is a basis of reference.

1776. Johann Samuel Schroter, Journ. des Steinreichs

und d. Konch. vol. iii. pp. 372 et scqq.

He speaks of species as belonging to the Terehratulas

acunosas (p. 374), but he does not give binomial names.

1777. Johann Samuel Schroter, Abh. fiber versch.

Gegenstande der Naturgeschichte, 20tli part, p. 358.

Separates Terehratula from Anomia and defines it Das

mag also eine Terebratul seyn eine zweischalige umgleich-

shalige Muschel die eine durchbohrten Schnabel hat.”

1785. Thunbero, Disputationes, vi. p. 99.

' He gives a definition of Terehratula^ and mentions T.pecti-

nata first and Terehratula terehratula sixth. For him

Terehratula includes all Brachiopods except Crania.

^ 1696. Lith. Brit. Iconogr.

t 1758. Linn^, Systema Nat. ed. x.

X My authority for this statement is Mr. C. 1). Sherboru’s excellent

‘ Index Animalium.’

§ That he places T. cranium first is a mere chance, and of no value as

indicating the type.

527

B rac h topod Nomenclature.

1788. A. J. Retzius, Diss. Nov. Test. Gen. p. 13.

Gives a definition of Terehratula. Places therein first

Tereh. caputserpentis^ and fourth Tereh. plieata^ to which

lie gives as a reference Anomia terehratulaj Linnd, though

evidently a mistaken definition. On p. 13 he speaks of

Terehratulas Linneanas^ and how they differ from Anomia.

1792. Bruguiere, ‘^Sur deux Nouv. Esp. de Terebratules

fossiles,” Journ. d’Histoire Nat. i. p. 419.

Bruguibre describes, with figures, two species — Terehratula

cor and Terehr. pileus — which now belong to the genus

Antinomia^ Catullo

1793. A. Modeer, Vetens. Acad. Nya Handl. p. 180.

He defines Terehratula, but gives no type.

1798. Cuvier, C., Tableau Elementaire, p. 434.

The first species which he cites under Terehratula is the

recent species T. vitrea, but he gives as a synonym of this

Anomia terehratula, Lin. He does not fix any type.

1798. J. F. Bolten, Mus. boltenianum, p. 192.

Catalogues certain recent Terebratuloids under the genus

Anomia, Die Terebratel,” and removes Anomia ephippium

into a genus Fenestella.

1799. Lamarck, Prodr. Nouv. Classif. Coq.,” Mdm. Soc.

d’Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 89, Terehratula.

He gives a description and places Anomia terehratula,

Lin.,” as type.

There is no necessity to pursue this part of the subject

further. Muller, it may be said, has given us an indication

that he would regard a plicate Terehratula like the Anomia

terehratula, Linne, as the typical form, and he is doubtful if

T. cranium is a (or the) Terehratula, because it is not plicate.

Then Thunberg definitely includes Terehratula terehratula

among his species of the genus, and, according to the accepted

zoological rule, when no selection has been made a species

with the trivial name the same as the generic becomes type

of the genus. Fortunately the person who first made definite

* S. Buckman, Brachiopod Homoeomorphy,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.

Ixii. p. 433 (1906).

528

Mr. S. S. Buckman on

selection — Lamarck — complied with this rule. He chose

Anomia terehratula^ Lin., to be the type ; thus he may be

said to have confirmed Muller and Thunberg. So we may

write

Genus Terebratula, Muller, 1776.

Genotype Anomia terebratula, Linne.

Syn. Terebratula, Klein, pre-Linnean.

Non Terebratula, Llhwyd, pre-Linnean, y^hich—Epithyris, Phillips* * * §.

It is now necessary to identify Terehratula terebratula

(Linnd). That author describes and cites figures for his

species, thus: — ‘‘A. testa obovata l^vi convexa; valvula

altera triplicata, altera biplicata. — Column, purp. 22 f. 1.

List. angl. 240 t. 8. f. 46. Klein ostr. t. 11. f. 74.”

Of these figures the first and third refer to the same shell,

for Colonna used the same woodcut in various places, and

Klein copied it. But Lister’s figure represents a very

different species : it is not plicate, and therefore it does not

agree with Linnd’s description f* As the Colonna- Klein

figure does, that must be taken as the holotype, which, in

fact, has been the usual practice.

In 1819 Valenciennes I gave the name Terebratula Kleini

to a species, citing Klein’s figures, and quoting as a synonym

Anomia terebratula, Linne. In 1850 Davidson § said that

the name Tereb. Kleini covered a well-known Bajocian fossil

of Normandy (it is from the Maliere), and he figured, in

support of his opinion, a specimen so labelled in the Lamarck

collection.

In 1856 S. Hanley identified \A\me' ^ Anomia terebratula 2i^

Terebr. perovalis, Sowerby ||.

In 1864 Deslongchamps followed Davidson’s line, making

T, Kleini, Davidson (? Lamarck), a variety of Terebratula

perovalis If.

Though Lamarck may have thought that the Bajocian

fossil was the same as Klein had figured, and so may

have ticketed it T. Kleini in his collection, yet it is not

the holotype of T. Kleini \ the specimen figured by Klein

* Ami. & Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 7, vol. xviii. 1906, p. 322.

t Lister’s smooth non-plicate Terebratulid is from near Grantham,

probably therefore from Middle Lias, and it has much the aspect of one

of the T. punetata series.

I In Lamarck’s Anim. sans Vert. p. 252.

§ Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (2) v. 1850, pi. xiii. Hg. 33.

II Ipsa Linneei Conchylia.

Tal. fran^*., Terr. jur. Brach. p. 197.

529

Bmchiopod Nomenclature.

from Colonna must be that. And I find it impossible to think

that the Bajocian fossil and Colonna^s represent the same

species. Both are biplicate, but there the similarity ends.

This Bajocian fossil is peculiar to Normandy ; but Colonna

figured an Italian shell — he tells that it was found “in

Civitate Andriae.” Now there are in the Tertiary (Pliocene)

beds of Italy various species which are much more like

Colonna’s figure; and there is in the British Museum, Nat.

Hist., no. 83458, a specimen from the Tertiary of Monte

Mario, near Rome, which might almost be the original

drawn by Colonna, so like is it to his figure. This specimen

is represented in the delineations given in Plate XII.

Colonna’s figure differs from the Terehratula Kleini of the

Bajocian of Normandy in having the plications more nearly

equal, running further up the valves, and in being much

more plicate for its smaller size. In the Bajocian shell the

frontal fold is much elevated, somewhat after the T. sella

fashion, and the dorsal sulcus is inconspicuously developed.

Colonna’s shell is distinguished from Terehr, perovalis,

Sow., by having much more pronounced plications, extending

much further up the valves. Again, it is distinguished

from Terehr. Phillipsi^ Morris, by lacking the very pronounced

angular plications, by lacking the pronounced posterior

acumination, and by having an incurved beak : in T. Phillipsi

the beak is not incurved, it projects straight posteriorly.

There is one Mesozoic species to which Colonna’s figure

has rather more resemblance than to those mentioned above.

This is T. Stephanie I)av. ; but its folds are not so strong,

do not extend so far back, and the shell is less elongate in

shape.

The conclusion arrived at is that Terehratula terehratula —

that is, Colonna’s shell — is not a Mesozoic species ; but it is

a Tertiary fossil, closely allied to species which have been

called Terehr. hisinuata, Lamarck, T. sinuosa, Brocchi,

T. ampulla^ Brocchi, and even to T. grandis, Blumenbach.

These species may be said to belong to Terehratula, sensu

stricto ; but it may be doubted if any Mesozoic species would

belong to the genus in this very limited sense.

The conclusions now arrived at confirm the results of

H. Douvilld’s investigations — that Anomia terehratula, Linne,

is the genotype of Terehratula, that the species is a Pliocene

shell near to T. ampulla ; but they differ in the small detail

that the name Terehratula must be ascribed to Muller, 1776,

and not to Klein, 1753.

My application of the name differs from Douville’s. He

would keep Terehratula for the biplicate species (p. 265),

530

On Brachiopod Nomenclature.

but I would restrict Terehratula to the species in actual

genetic connexion with T. terehratula — 1 T. hisinuata. The

forerunners of such species would be non-plicate, perhaps

uniplicate, before becoming biplicate. Biplicate Terebratulids

are polygenetic descendants from many non-plicate forms :

sometime they must be separated from Terehratula into their

special genetic series.

For a series of Cretaceous biplicate Terebratulids, which

will no doubt prove to be separable enough from the Tertiary

series, the name Musculus^ Quenstedt, seems to be available.

Genus Musculus, Quenstedt, 1868.

Type Terehratula acuta., Quenstedt.

Kef. Petref. Deutschl. ii. pp. 4, 27, 384, pi. xlviii. fig. 70.

For a Jurassic biplicate series, the T. maxillata group,

very separable from other Terebratulids, the name Epithyris,

Phillips, is available *.

My best thanks are due to Mr. B. B. Woodward, F.L.S.,

and to Mr. C. Davies Sherborn, F.G.S., for invaluable

bibliographic assistance in connexion with the investigations

for this communication ; also to Mr. W. D. Lang, F.G.S.,

for kind answers to various enquiries.

Appended are a few of the synonyms by which Terehratula

terehratula has been known ; these names have been attached

to the figures of Golonna or Klein, or else to the description

by Linne.

Terehratula terehratula (Linn^).

1616. Concha rarior anomia., &c., Colonna.

1763. Terehratula rugosa, Klein f*

1758. Anomia terehratula, Liim6.

1785. Terehratula terehratula ; Tbimberg.

1787. Lampas terehratula ; Meuschen, Mus. Geversianiim, p. 438.

1788. Terehratula plicata, Retzius.

* See above, p. 528.

t Klein’s statement is “ Terehratula .... § 427 species 1. simplex] &

rugosa, Fab. Columnae de Purp. Cap. xii. § 3, pag. 32 ... . Icon exstat

in Tab. Nostra xi. No. 74.” Terehratula rugosa seems therefore to desig-

nate the biplicate shell figured by Colonna, § 3, p. 32, and reproduced by

Klein ; Terehratula simplex may have been intended to designate the

non-plicate Terehratula figured by Colonna in p. 33, § 5.

. IhihA^r . Uf\sl .S. 7. Vo! . AIX . VI . XU.

J. Greer, del. et lith.

TEREBRATULA TEREBRATULA.iW. ^

r:v:.:.- im^?y ■ ■ ■

CF THE ' ;.;

UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS. .

.f •••

i

iC

'r - ’■'.v/.

■ ■/

iTii '

/ ,

*v

Descriptions and Records of Bees.

531

1797. Lampas columbina^ Humphreys, Mus. Caloneanum, p. 45.

1798. Terebratula vitrea ; Cuvier.

1799. Terebratula terebratula', Lamarck.

1819. Terebratula 'Kleinii, Lamarck.

1856. Terebratula perovalis ; Hanley, Dali.

1880. Terebratula terebratida ; Douvill^.

1894. Terebratula simplex ; Hall & Clarke.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.

Terebratula terebratula (Linn4).

a, drawn as seen ; c, restored outlines.

LXIV. — Descriptions and Records of Bees, — XIV.

By T. D. A. Cockerell, University of Colorado.

Crocisa Wellmani^ sp. n.

$ . — Length 14 mm. or slightly more.

Black with bluish-white hair-markings. Anterior wings

very dark fuliginous, with a pair of suffused hyaline spots

just beyond the third submarginal cell. Face densely white-

haired ; clypeus very densely finely punctured ; antennge

dark ; pleura with the upper half covered with bluish-white

hair, the lower half apparently nude, but with scanty black

hair, and with very strong well-separated punctures ;

pattern of thorax above simulating a face, with a median

nose-like band, a pair of spots for eyes, and a transverse mark

on each side anteriorly like a moustache, all strongly defined,

the appearance being further aided by a stripe on each side,

curving inwards posteriorly, which outlines the head and

suggests hair ; margin of scutellum of the ^-type, with a

conspicuous round spot of hair on each extreme side, but no

median spot; a white fringe from underneath the middle;

anterior tibiae white-haired on outer side, middle and hind

tibiae with somewhat more than the basal half white-haired

on outer side ; basitarsi with a good deal of white hair ; first

abdominal segment with a pair of large U-like lateral marks,

placed laterally and not joined basally ; the broad bands on

the other segments also broadly interrupted, that on the

second with a pointed projection anteriorly near the side of

the segment; apical plate narrow; last ventral segment

produced ; fifth ventral not keeled.

In Friese’s table (Verb, zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, 1905,

p. 174) this runs to C. arcuata^ Vachal, but that species is

532 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell — Descriptions and

somewhat larger, and has the basal band of the abdomen

entire. The scutellum brownish-haired (which is not at all

the case in ours), with its spots decidedly blue.

Hah. Portuguese West Africa. Long. E. 15° 05', lat. S.

12° 44', alt. 1360 metres above sea-level, at flowers of

^olanthus^ Dec. 1906 (middle of rainy season) ; collected by

Dr. F. Creighton Wellman. At the same flowers Dr. Wellman

also took a small (hardly over 8 mm. long) ? of G, meripes,

Vachal.

Anthophora quadrifasciata (Villers), $ .

Same locality as Crocisa Wellmani. Dr. Wellman notes :

“ Stands motionless in the air like a bot-fly. Taken near a

flowering Convolvulus^ but not actually seen in the flowers.

Its hum suggests a bottle fly.”

Anthophora convolvuli, sp. n.

? . — Length about 12 mm.

With mainly fulvous hair ; superficially looking exactly

like A. vestita. Smith, but differing as follows: — labrum

yellow (as in A. capensis, Friese), with a dark spot at each

basal corner ; mandibles yellow with the apex dark ;

clypeus with narrow anterior margin and a narrow median

band yellow ; a small supraclypeal mark ; hair of thorax

yellower ; hair on middle and hind basitarsi, except a tuft

posteriorly, black. The tegulee are clear red, and the hind

margins of the fulvous-haired abdominal segments, as in

vestita^ appear pallid.

Collected by Dr. Wellman in the same locality as Crocisa

Wellmanij in Dec. 1906, at flowers of Convolvulus.

Apis nigritarum, Lepel.

Dr. Wellman sent numerous workers from the same locality

as the Crocisa j &c., taken at various flowers, chiefly

Leguminosae.

Agapostemon coloradensisj Crawford.

The male, not hitherto described, was found by Mr. S. A.

Kohwer on the campus of the University of Colorado, at

Boulder, Oct. 3, 1906. It has the head and mesothorax

above blue, exactly as in A. calif or nicus^ but it is a larger

insect, and the yellow band on the clypeus sends upwards a

little projection in the middle. Abdomen with five yellow

bands, the first with a pair of black spots in the middle ;

533

Records of Dees.

last ventral segment not keeled ; trochanters black, the hind

ones with a yellow spot ; hind tibiae yellow, with a small

black mark in front and a larger one behind.

Augochlora viridula^ Smith.

This insect has two forms, one golden-green, the other

blue-green. Mr. N. Banks has taken females of both at

Falls Church, Virginia : the golden-green at flowers of

Ceanothus in June ; the blue-green on the 2nd of August,

flower not stated. Mr. C. Eobertson has sent me the blue-

green from Southern Illinois. A. viridula was founded on a

male of the golden-green form ; A. hicidula^ Smith, on

females of both. I have some suspicion, though I cannot

produce any proof, that the two forms are distinct, but very

closely allied species ; if this is the case, it may be permissible

to retain the name lucidula for the blue-green one.

Augochlora Banksiella^ sp. n. [pura, subsp. ?).

$ . — Length 1-1\ mm.

Brilliant green, the abdomen golden green, the head and

thorax also with a golden lustre — no blue or purple ;

mandibles with a green basal spot; antennas dark, flagellum

obscure brown beneath ; orbital margins strongly converging

below ; tegulas fusco-ferruginous with a green spot. Wings

greyish ; stigma and nervures testaceous ; first r. n. joining

second t.-c., second s.m. almost as broad as high, marginal cell

appendiculate ; area of metathorax with fine but strong striae.

Legs piceous, anterior and middle femora green on under side ;

hind spur simple, curved ; dorsal surface of abdomen nude, not

hairy, or rather with exceedingly scanty short pubescence ;

no vibrissae ; hind margins of segments exceedingly narrowly

black.

Very closely related in all respects to A, pur a, Say

[Rohertsonij Cklh), but readily distinguished by the strong

golden tints and the usually larger area of raetathorax. It is

perhaps a subspecies of A, pura. The male has the tarsi

ferruginous.

Hab, Glencarlyn, Virginia, May 4-July 20 ; one, June 21,

from flowers of Ceanothus •, Great Falls, Virginia, April 20 ;

Odenton, Maryland, July 18. All collected by Mr. Nathan

Banks.

The genuine A. pura I have from Ithaca, New York

[Banks') and Illinois {Robertson). In identifying the latter

I follow Kobertson, but Say’s original description could be

applied to either form, perhaps agreeing a little better with

534 Mr. T. D, A. Cockerell — Descriptions and

Banksiella. Apparently Say did not separate the two or

three allied species of the pura type, and as he doubtless

included the insect which Kobertson calls pura, this appli-

cation of the name may be allowed to stand.

Augochlora aztecula, sp. n.

$ . — Belongs to group Oxystoglossi, with the hind spur not

pectinate. Length about 7 mm. ; anterior wing about 5.

Golden green, middle of second abdominal segment stained

with coppery red ; mandibles ferruginous, darker at base

and apex ; tubercle of lab rum simple, truncate ; face broad,

orbits very strongly emarginate, and strongly converging

below ; clypeus with strong rather close punctures, and its

anterior edge broadly black; flagellum dull ferruginous

beneath ; mesothorax and scutellum brilliantly coloured,

appearing granular from extremely minute and close punc-

tures ; hind part of scutellum with some fuscous hairs ; area

of metathorax with fine longitudinal ridges, except the

middle subapical part, which has finer transverse strim ;

tegulse ferruginous with pallid margins. Wings dusky,

somewhat reddish ; stigma and nervnres testaceous ; first

r. n. meeting second t.-c. Legs black, with the knees, the

tarsi, and the anterior tibiie (except a cloud behind) ferrugi-

nous, the anterior femora green beneath. Abdomen with the

hind margins of the first two segments more or less piceous,

though very narrowly ; no marginal vibrissae, but the lower

edge of the dark base of the second and third segments,

which slides under the segment before, is very finely and

regularly ciliate ; venter piceous, with a subapical ferruginous

stain. The ventral surface of the abdomen, as well as the

hind legs, carries much pale yellow pollen.

In my table in ^ Canadian Entomologist,’ 1897, p. 4, this

runs nearest to A. labrosa. Say, and A. aurifera, Ckll., but

it is readily separable from both by the colour of the legs.

In Schrottky’s table of Brazilian species it runs near

A, urania, Sm., but that is smaller, with a blue-green

abdomen.

Bob. Tlacotalpam, Vera Cruz, Mexico, April 21 (C. H. T.

Townsend), At the same place, on the same day, Professor

Townsend took Megachile Candida^ Smith, ? .

Augochlora cordioefioris, sp. n.

^ . — Belongs to Oxystoglossi, but with stature of a Ghlora-

lictus ; length about 6 mm.

Head and thorax brilliant green ; abdomen with the first

535

Records of Bees.

segment brassy green, the hind margin broadly black ;

second and third segments similar, but not so green, and the

margin redder ; fourth segment hardly green at all ; apex

black, with short dark hairs ; bases, which slide under the

segments before, strongly reddish ; venter rufo-piceous ;

mandibles ferruginous with dark tips j labrum ferruginous,

with a small tubercle ; clypeus strongly punctured, its anterior

edge broadly dark ; eyes strongly emarginate ; flagellum

ferruginous beneath, except at base ; mesothorax and scutellum

very finely and closely punctured, the colour of the scutellum

especially brilliant ; area of raetathorax plicatulate basally ;

tegulas dark reddish with hyaline margins. Wings scarcely

dusky; stigma and nervures testaceous; first r. n. meeting

second t.-c. Legs bright ferruginous, the anterior and middle

femora infuscated, the anterior ones even slightly metallic ;

coxae dark, the anterior ones metallic ; abdomen with a fine

pruinose pubescence.

Easily known by the small size, red legs, and comparatively

dark abdomen.

Somewhat related, apparently, to A. tisiphone^ Gribodo.

Hah. San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico, on flowers of plant

no. 31 [Gordia, probably G. ferruginea), middle of July

((7. H. T. Townsend). On the same flowers, at the same time

and place. Professor Townsend took Megachile chrysophilaj

CklL, ?.

Hesperapis larrece^ sp. n.

Hesperapis larreee, Viereck, MS., 1902 (no description).

d . — Length about 7 ram.

Black, with rather abundant white hair ; hair of face and

cheeks long and dense ; mandibles reddened at tips ; clypeus

shining and very finely punctured ; vertex shining, almost

entirely impunctate ; antennae dark, flagellum faintly reddish,

scape quite long ; mesothorax shining, but very hairy ; area

of raetathorax nude, smooth, and very shiny ; tegulse testa-

ceous. Wings milky hyaline; stigma amber-colour bordered

with dark brown ; nervures brownish ferruginous. Legs

black, hairy. Abdomen narrow, hairy, roughened with fine

punctures, the bases of the segments depressed, the apical

margins faintly reddish ; apex with a narrow ferruginous

pygidial plate.

The general aspect is suggestive of H. olivice (Ckll.) , but

that has the wings dusky, the abdomen more distinctly

banded, and the flagellum bright ferruginous beneath. The

venation also differs, the basal nervure being more strongly

536 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell — Descriptions and

bent, and more distant from the transverso-medial, in larrece

than in olivice.

Hah. Mesilla Park, New Mexico, at flowers of Larrea^

May 16 {Cockerell) ; also taken by Mr. Viereck at Alamo-

gordo, New Mexico, at Larrea.

Andrena pyrrhacitay sp. n.

$ . — Length about 11^ mm.

Kobust, black, with very abundant erect hair on head,

thorax, and abdomen. Head broad, facial quadrangle very

much broader than long ; facial fovege black, broad but short :

hair of clypeus, sides of face, and vertex black ; of front and

between antennae, and occiput, yellowish white or pale

ochreous ; of cheeks black, with more or less pale above and

below: antennse black, third joint much longer than 4 + 5,

flagellum faintly brownish beneath ; process of labrum

entire; clypeus dull, with dense minute punctures and a

rather faint median ridge ; thorax dull and granular, with

abundant, long, erect, pale ochreous hair; lowest part of

pleura with black hair ; area of metathorax without rugae or

raised margin. Legs black, with mainly black hair, but it is

long and pale on anterior femora behind, and pale on inner

side of hind tibiae ; tegulae piceous. Wings hyaline, nearly

clear, the apex a little dusky ; stigma and nervures dark

rufo-fuscous ; second s.m. receiving first r. n. beyond the

middle ; abdomen with only minute feeble punctures, not

banded, but covered with erect hair of a rather light ferrugi-

nous colour, whitish on first and fifth segments, black or

sooty at extreme apex ; second segment depressed about one

third ; basal part of venter with coarse black hair.

At first sight this suggests A. Hiteij Ckll., but it has much

less brilliantly coloured hair, a broader, more oval abdomen,

and the sculpture of the clypeus is entirely different. It is a

very distinct and beautiful species.

Hab. Salina, Boulder County, Colorado, 6550 ft. alt., at

flowers of Salioj, April 14, 1907 {W. P. and T. D. A.

Cockerell). Another specimen, with the hair of the abdomen

less brightly coloured, was taken by Mr. G. Hite at Boulder,

Colo., March 25, 1907.

Andrena mimetica Falli, subsp. n.

$ . — Differs from A. mimetica, Ckll. (which occurs in

New Mexico), thus: smaller, length about or just over 11 mm.;

third antennal joint shorter than 4 + 5; second and third

abdominal segments with white hair at base, conspicuous

when the abdomen is seen from the side.

537

Records of Bees.

Hah. Southern California, Mt. Wilson {Davidson?). Also

on Mt. Wilson, Dr. Davidson took that remarkable species

A. cleodora, Viereck, hitherto only known from Oregon

[cf. Oanad. Entom. 1904, p. 161).

The new subspecies is named after Mr. H. C. Fall, the

Coleopterist of Pasadena, California.,

Nomada Edncej sp. n.

. — Length 9 mm. or a little more; anterior wing about

or not quite 8 mm.

Black with lemon-yellow markings, the legs red. Head

and thorax very hairy, the hair light fulvous ; vertex and

mesothorax dull and densely punctured ; eyes in life greenish

grey, delicately suffused with red, especially above ; maxillary

palpi long; head broad; mandibles simple; clypeus not

hairy, but supraclypeal region very hairy; clypeus, broad

lateral corners of face, extending narrowly up the orbital

margins nearly to level of antennae, a mark beneath eyes

behind, labrum and basal two thirds of mandibles, all yellow.

Antennae stout, scape not especially swollen, mainly yellow

in front ; flagellum bright ferruginous, its first four joints

with a large black mark above, that on first narrower than

on the others; last joint normal; second antennal joint

sunken into apex of scape ; third joint much shorter than

fourth ; prothorax above, tubercles, patch on lower part of

pleura, and a pair of large coalescent spots on the gibbosities

of the scutellum, all yellow ; minute red axillar spots; post-

scutellum and metathorax all black ; tegul^e red with a large

yellow spot. Wings strongly dusky at apex ; stigma bright

amber-colour, nervures more fuscous ; b. n. passing a little

basad of t.-m.; second s.m. as large as third, not especially

narrower above, and receiving the r. n. at its middle! Legs

red, hind femora mainly black behind ; anterior coxse un-

armed. Abdomen dullish, with exceedingly fine punctures;

basal half of first segment black, after which comes a yellow

band on a red field, interrupted in the middle ; segments 2 to

6 with very broad entire yellow bands, those on 2 and 3 a

little notched behind laterally ; hind margins of segments

broadly red, those of 1 and 2 infuscated ; apical plate

notched ; venter red, banded with yellow.

A species of the Xanthidium group, which runs in my

table of Rocky Mountain Nomada (Bull. 94, Colorado Exp.

Station) to 47, and runs out because of the comparatively

large size and notched apical plate. It has a strong super-

ficial resemblance to N. ornithica.^ CklL, but that is much less

hairy, and differs in the colour of the legs &c. Among the

Ann. dc Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 7. Vol. xix. 37

538 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell — Descriptions and

Old World species, it shows a general resemblance to

JS . succincta, Panz.

Hah. Boulder, Colorado, on the campus of the University

of Colorado, at flowers of Taraxacum taraxacum^ in company

with N. cuneata, Rob., Osmia^ &c., April 10, 1907.

Collected by Miss Edna Baker.

Osmia gaudiosa^ sp. n.

$ . — -Length 6 mm. or slightly over.

Brilliant golden green, including legs ; the vertex, front,

and thorax above with a strong suffusion of coppery-red or

almost crimson ; abdomen with strong reddish-golden tints ;

hair of head and thorax long and white ; antennae normal,

slender, not moniliform, black with a slight brown tint ;

tegulae bright green, shining golden ; wings clear. Abdomen

strongly punctured, its hair white ; first ventral segment

feebly subemarginate ; second ventral peacock-green ; sixth

dorsal with a very feeble median depression, hardly emar-

gination ; seventh segment bidentate.

Hah. Boulder, Colorado, on the campus of the University

of Colorado, at flowers of Taraxacum taraxacum^ April 10,

1907 [Edna Baker).

A most lovely little species, very distinct from all others

in North America.

Osmia universitatis^ sp. n.

^ . — Length about 9 mm. j anterior wing about 7.

Head and thorax olive-green, some brassy colour on middle

of front, metathorax bluish green ; abdomen dark green,

approaching bluish green, the hind margins of the segments

narrowly purplish black ; legs black, with no metallic tints.

Head and thorax very densely punctured as usual, their hair

long and abundant, dullish, with a yellowish tinge, but over

clypeus forming a dense shining white beard ; no black or

dark hairs intermixed anywhere ; antennae long and slender,

black, the flagellum obscure ferruginous beneath, not monili-

form ; tegulae black. Wings hyaline, very clear; b. n.

falling just short of t.-m. ; hair of legs mostly pale, but

black or dark fuscous on basitarsi (redder within), and the

hind tibiae have long black hairs on outer side, while the

hind femora show short black hair, easily overlooked because

of the longer pale hair. Hair of abdomen partly black on

fourth and following segments; sixth segment entire;

seventh bidentate, the })oints quite wide apart ; first ventral

entire, third deeply emarginate. Eyes slate-colour. Second

and third joints of middle tarsi broadened and thickened.

Records of Bees, 539

This is an ordinary looking species, having a general

resemblance to the following : —

(1) 0. faceta, Cress., from which it differs by the green

abdomen, without black hair on sides of second

segment ; segment 6 entire, &c.

(2) 0. inurhana, Cress., from which it differs by the clear

wings, different tint of abdomen, different colour of

hair of thorax above, &c.

(3) 0. iridis^ C. & T., from which it differs by the

absence of black hairs on head, the smaller, greener

abdomen, &c.

(4) 0. chloropsj C. & T., from which it differs by the non-

moniliform antennse, &c.

Among the Old World species it resembles 0, Lafreillei.

Spin.

Hah. Boulder, Colorado, on the campus of the University

of Colorado, at flowers of Taraxacum taraxacum, in company

with 0. gaudiosa^ April 10, 1907 {Edna Baker).

Bombomelecta arizonica, CklL

This species was described from a single female. Professor

R. H. Forbes has found a male in a cell of Anthophora Forbesij

Ckll., at Tucson, Arizona, April 13, 1907.

This is the first record showing the host-relationships of

Bombomelecta. The male B. arizonica is very similar to that

of B. Alfredi, but smaller (length hardly 12 mm.), with a very

distinct black band between the wings, consisting of a densely

punctured area free from the white pubescence, but with a

moderate amount of black hair. The middle tibiae are

densely covered with snow-white hair on the outer side ;

the posterior tibiae and tarsi have much wdiite hair on the

outer side. The fourth and fifth ventral abdominal segments

are covered with white hair.

Exomalopsis solidaginis, Ckll.

Mesilla, New Mexico, June 24, ? {Cockerell)] Albuquer-

que, New Mexico, June 30, (^ , with only two submarginal

cells, the same on both sides {Cockerell).

Perdita dasyliru^ sp. n.

Exceedingly close to P. lucioe, Ckll., but with the meso-

thorax, scutellums, and upper surface of metathorax entirely

dark metallic green, the green being also of a bluish tint, not

yellowish as in lucice. It is also close to P. Martini^ Ckll.,

but the male has a large yellow patch on the pleura, and

largely darkened nervures, and the yellow of the face does

510

Bibliographical Notices.

not reach to tlie anterior ocellus, nor are any black dots left

at the sides of the eyes.

$ . — Length about 4^ mm.

Bright but light yellow ; mandibles tipped with rufous ;

head yellow except a broad area from the vertex, a little in

front of anterior ocellus, to the occiput, which is dark green

and granular; cheeks yellow, the dark area not extending

downwards; antennae yellow, a dark dot on second joint

above ; thorax dark above, but yellow at sides and beneath,

except a dark mark just below wings; prothorax above with

a broad yellow margin ; nervures and margin of stigma

fuscous, third discoidal cell absent ; marginal cell broadly

but obliquely truncate ; legs yellow, hind tibiae with a faint

dark shade above. Abdomen yellow with apex a little

reddened ; first segment black with two more or less

triangular yellow marks, and sides yellow; four straight

black bands, not reaching lateral margins, the first three

broad ; venter yellow, rufescent apically.

J . — Length 3|-4 mm.

In general similar to the female, but dark colour extending

a short distance down cheeks, leaving a narrow yellow line

next to the eye; flagellum, except last joint, fuscous above;

sides of thorax dark, but pleura with a very large yellow

patch anteriorly ; hind tibiae and tarsi behind, and a spot at

apex of their femora, dark brown ; apical part of abdomen

orange or brownish yellow, without bands ; there are four

well-formed bands.

Hah. Alamogordo, New Mexico, at flowers of Dasylirion

Wheeleri, Watson, June 6 to 9, very many specimens {H. L.

Vierech) .

University of Colorado,

Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.,

April 20, 1907.

BIBLIOGBAPHICAL NOTICES.

The Crawfishes of the State of Pennsylvania. By Dr. A. E. Ortmanx.

Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum^ Pittsburg, Pa., vol. ii. no. 10,

pp. 343-523, 7 plates : December, 1906.

Since Huxley, in a well-known paper, first placed the classification

of the Crayfishes on a morphological basis and showed the interest

attaching to their geographical distribution, much attention has

been given to this group of Crustacea. In particular, the very

numerous species occurring in North America have been the subject

of important memoirs by Faxon and others. Dr. A. E. Ortmann,

who is well-known as an authority on the liigher Crustacea, has

produced, in the memoir under review, a study of the Crayfishes of

541

Bibliographical Notices,

Ponnsylvania which deserves attention, not only from Carcinologists

but from all who are interested in the wider problems of zoology.

In the first part of the memoir the author discusses the systematic

characters of the forms found within the limits of the State. Seven

species and one variety are recognized, and their variations are set

forth in great detail. Dr. Ortmann’s conclusions as to the limits of

the species are not to be lightly disputed, were it only on account

of the vast amount of material — between two and three thousand

specimens — at his disposal. Further, his familiarity with the living

animals — most of the material was collected by himself — gives him

a great advantage over the mere museum species-maker.

The next section deals at length with the oecology and distribution

of the various species. Especially interesting are the details given

of the habits of the “ chimney-builders — the burrowing species

which are so called from the chimney-like piles of mud thrown up

at the mouths of their burrows. These species are found often at

considerable distances from open water, burrowing down to reach

the ground-water, and their chimneys are sometimes so numerous

as to “ hamper farming operations by interfering with the harvesting

machines, clogging and ruining them ” ; elsewhere they were

observed “ coming up even between the railroad ties of the Mor-

gantown and Kingwood Railroad.” The distribution of the species

within the State is illustrated by coloured maps, and it is shown that

many of the facts cannot be correlated with the existing physio-

graphical conditions. An explanation is sought in past changes in

the configuration of the country and especially of the river-systems.

How far the author’s speculations as to the pre- and post-glacial

migrations of the various species are justified is a question which

can only be answered by local research, but they are certainly

suggestive and stimulating.

The life-histories form the subject of the following section, and

remarkable differences are shown to exist between the species in

this respect. Two main types of life-history are distinguished, a

“ warm water ” type characteristic of the species found in the larger

rivers, and a “ cool water ” type shown by the species found in

mountain-streams. In the former a definite seasonal cycle is

observed, mating taking place in the autumn and spawning in the

spring, while the cool water species breed at all seasons of the year.

Some details are also given of the remarkable alternation of breeding

and non-breeding phases which, as Faxon discovered, gives rise to

the so-called “ dimorphism” of the males in the American Crayfishes.

A similar phenomenon has recently been described by Mr. G. Smith

in certain crabs and may possibly be found to occur in other

Crustacea.

After a short section dealing with the economic aspects of the

Crayfishes, the memoir concludes with a discussion of some current

theories of evolution in the light of the facts set forth. Many of

the points touched on are of a highly controversial nature, and the

arguments cannot be summarized here. It may be said, however,

that Dr. Ortmann sees no evidence of “ mutation ” in the origin of

species (and here, we believe, many systematic zoologists will agree

542

Bibliographical Notices,

with him), but concludes that “Isolation or Habitudinal Segregation,

as the factor forming species, is clearly seen in every case

discussed.”

It is, perhaps, to be regretted that Dr. Ortmann has seen fit to use

the term “ Crawfish ” as the “ proper American name ” of the

animals he deals with. It is surely pushing the rule of priority to

an absurdity 'to apply it in such a case. Apart from this trivial

matter, however, the memoir is one upon which the author and the

Museum with which he is connected are to be congratulated.

W. T. C.

A Natural History of the British Butterflies, their World-wide

Variation and Geographical Distribution. A Textboolc for

Students and Collectors. By J. W. Ttjtt, F.E.S. Vol. I.

London, 1905-1906. 8vo. Pp. iv, 479 j pis. xx.

We have here another of Mr. Tutt’s enormously detailed and

elaborate volumes on British Lepidoptera, which, he tells us, was

issued in parts and should form vol. viii. of the whole series. The

introductory chapters (Part I. Chapters i.-xiv.) are devoted to

general observations on butterflies ; egg-laying, eggs, and larvae ; and

probably the most interesting will be found to be those on the

association of Ants with Butterfly Larvae, and on the Carnivorous

Habits of Butterfly Larvae, wherein the Author brings together a

large amount of scattered information which it is most useful to

have epitomized. Part II. contains a detailed account of the ten

British species of Urbicolides and Buralides (Skippers and Coppers),

and the work closes with an index of eighteen closely printed pages

in double columns. The twenty plates represent eggs, larval hairs,

perfect insects, &c., and one plate represents an apparatus for

photographing the eggs of butterflies. The chapters on Obtaining

Eggs of Butterflies and on Collecting Butterfly Larvae will be found

very useful and interesting to those lepidopterists who care to

undertake such work. It will probably take two hundred similar

volumes to complete the history of the British Lepidoptera on the

grand scale projected by Mr. Tutt, yet all praise is due to him for

his undertaking the initiative in such a gigantic task, and for

having made an appreciable, if comparatively small, diminution in

the number of volumes required for its completion, though this

would require several lifetimes, unless a numerous band of ento-

mologists were to devote themselves to separate portions of the task

simultaneously.

Of the butterflies described in the present volume, Chrysophanvs

dispar is probably the most interesting. Mr. Tutt devotes forty-

eight pages to this species ; but a very large volume might be

written on the subject, and the notice appears to us to be somewhat

less complete than that of some of the other species which ho

discusses.

We need hardly say that Mr. Tutt’s voiumes on British Lepido-

I>tera form an indispensable mine of wealth to all future lepidopterists

who attempt to take up the study of butterflies seriously.

W. F. K.

543

INDEX TO VOL. XIX.

Abr.®us, new species of, 319.

Acalles, new species of, 60.

Acantharctia, new species of, 237.

Acanthojoppa, new species of, 185.

Acantuerta, characters of the new

genus, 241.

Acheilognathus, new species of,

159.

Acmella, new species of, 220.

Agastegnus, new species of, 62.

Aglossosia, new species of, 232.

Agonostomus, new species of, 65.

Agrotis, new species of, 243.

Agyrta, new species of, 299.

Alycaeus, new species of, 157.

Amhlyjoppa, new species of, 187.

Amhlyopinus, new species of, 125.

Amphidromus, new species of, 151.

Amphishseua, new species of, 487.

Anaplectoidea, new species of, 25.

Andersen, K., on the bats of the

family Megadermatidae, 129 ; on

Pterocyon, Rousettus, and Myo-

nycteris, 501.

Andraca, new species of, 49.

Andrena, new species of, 369, 536.

Auhausta, characters of the new

genus, 250.

Anodonta cygnea, on the occurrence

of Spirochaeta anodontae in, 493.

Anomalocera, new species of, 348.

Antarctia, new species of, 239.

Anthophora, new species of, 532.

Anthracophora, new species of,

353.

Anytus, new species of, 250.

Aparallactus, new species of, 325.

Aphelotoma, new species of, 268.

Apisa, new species of, 224.

Apsidopis, new species of, 38.

Arachnida, new, 208, 322, 522.

Arfaka, characters of the new genus,

397.

Area, new species of, 203.

Arrow, G. J., on new parasitic coleo-

ptera from S. America, 125 ; on

new Indian lamellicorn coleoptera,

347, 416.

Arunta, characters of the new genus,

406.

Ascaropsis morrhuae, note on, 92.

Asota, new species of, 50.

Astacura, definition of the tribal

name, 464.

As Lira, new species of, 233.

Auchenophorus, characters of the

new genus, 270.

Augochlora, new species of, 533.

Austen, E. E., on the synonymy and

generic position of certain Mus-

cidae, 326,* on a new genus and

species of Miiscidae, 445.

Babycurus, new species of, 208.

Bajauana, characters of the new

genus, 277.

Barbus, new species of, 493.

aureus, note on, 390.

Bathymysis, characters of the new

genus, 116.

Batrachians, new, 214, 394.

Berg, L. S., on new Cyprinoid fishes

from Korea and N. China, 169

163. '

Bithinella, new species of, 216.

Black-and-tan pattern of domestic

dogs, on the, 192.

Blatta, new species of, 39.

Blattidae, new, 25.

Blepharita, characters of the new

genus, 251.

544

INDEX.

Blepharoa, characters of the new

g’enus, 2ol.

Blepharomastix, new species of, 54.

Bonhote, J. L., on Ochotona aurita,

124.

Books, new : — Alcock’s Catalogue of

the Indian Decapod Crustacea,

127 5 Lankester’s Treatise on Zoo-

logy, pt. V., 127 ; Austen’s Illus-

trations of British Blood-sucking

Flies, 199 ; Catalogue of the Lepi-

doptera Phalaense in the British

Museum, 300; Otaki, Fujita, and

Higurashi’s Fishes of Japan, 448 ;

Webb and Sillem’s British Wood-

lice, 450 ; Ortmann’s Crawfishes of

the State of Pennsylvania, 540;

Tutt’s Natural History of the

British Butterflies, 542,

Booneta, characters of the new

genus, 291.

Borolia, new species of, 255,

Borradaile, L. A., on the classification

of the decapod crustaceans, 457.

Boulenger, G. A., on three new

lizards and a new frog, 212 ; on

three new snakes from S. Cameroon,

324 ; on Barbus aureus. Cope, from

Natal, 390; on a new species of

I.<abeo from the Transvaal, 392 ;

on two new African lizards, 392 ;

on a new species of Telmatobius,

394 ; on new lizards in the British

Museum, 486 ; on the variations

of Stereolepis gigas, 489 ; on an

African barbel hitherto confounded

with Barbus tiimaculatus, 492.

Brachiopod nomenclature, notes on,

525.

Brachyphallus crenatus, notes on, 88.

Bradina, new species of, 3.

Brixia, new species of, 279.

Broom, Dr, R,, on new species of

Chrysochloris, 262.

Broun, Major T., on new coleoptera

from New Zealand, 56.

Biickman, S. S., on the genotype of

Terebratula, 525.

Bulimulus, new species of, 1 53.

Baodias, new species of, 180.

Burchell’s zebra, note on, 516.

Calamochrous, new species of, 55.

Callimorpha, new species of, 300.

Caiman, Dr. W. T., on a freshwater

crustacean from Para, 295.

Cameron, P., on new phytophagous

and parasitic hymenoptera, lOG.

Camilla, characters of the new

genus, 404.

Canis familiaris, on the black-and-

tan pattern of, 192.

Carcinops, new species of, 315.

Cardioderma, remarks on the genus,

140.

Caripodia, new species of, 232.

Cassolus, new species of, 416, 437.

Celama, new species of, 227.

Cephalophus, new species of, 385.

Ceryx, new species of, 221.

Charopa, new species of, 217.

Chilton, Prof, C., on Hymenosoma

depressum, 146 ; on a new fresh-

water gammarid from New Zea-

land, 388.

Chloridea, new species of, 242.

Chorisoneura, new species of, 44.

Choristima, synopsis of the species

of, 43.

Chrysochloris, new species of, 2G2.

Cirphis, new species of, 254.

Cixius, new species of, 284.

CHnteria, new species of, 352.

Clupeosoma, new species of, 19.

Cochlostyla, new species of, 150.

Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and

records of bees, 361, 531.

Coelorhyncidia, new species of, 6,

Coleoptera, new, 56, 125, 311, 347,

416.

Colomys, characters of the new

genus, 379.

Composita, note on the genus, 197.

Coptobasis, new species of, 5.

Corbula, new species of, 215.

Crocisa, new species of, 531.

Crossarchus, new species of, 120,

373.

Crustacea, new, 106, 297, 388 ; on

the classification of the decapod,

457.

Cryptus, new species of, 181.

Cultrarius, new species of, 176.

Cyclophorus, new species of, 155.

Cyclotus, new species of, 156.

Dactylamblyops, new species of,

113.

Dactvlervthrops, new species of,

109.

Dasychira, new species of, 203.

Dasypeltis, new species of, 324.

Daulia, new species of, 2.

Decapod Crustacea, on the classifi-

cation of the, 457.

Dejeania, new species of, 357.

INDEX.

545

Derbe, new species of, 395.

Derogenes, new species of, 90.

Desmonyx, characters of the new

genus, 355.

Deuterophysa, new species of, 7.

Devara, new species of, 302.

Diacrisia, new species of, 285.

Diathrausta, new species of, 6.

Digama, new species of, 50.

Dioptis, new species of, 308.

Diplocentrus, new species of, 210.

Dipsadoboa, new species of, 325.

Diptera, notes on, 326 ; new, 445.

Discognathus, new species of, 63.

Discoscelis, new species of, 318.

Distant, VV. L., rhynchotal notes,

277, 395.

Distomuni, notes on species of, 91,

102.

Dogs, on the black-and-tan pattern

of domestic, 192.

Dracsenura, new species of, 3.

Drona, new species of, 404.

Druce, H., on new species of hete-

rocera, 299.

Drynigeus, new species of, 153.

Dudusa, new species of, 204.

Eclipsiodes, new species of, 20.

Ectoneura, characters of the new

genus, 43.

Ellipsica, new species of, 48,

Ellipsidium, new species of, 28.

Eniscospilus, new species of, 178.

Ennea, new species of, 95.

Entozoa of British marine fishes, on

the, 66.

Episilia, new species of, 244.

Equus quagga, note on, 516.

Eratina, new species of, 310.

Erinaceus, new species of, 371.

Estigmene, new species of, 237.

Eublemina, new species of, 53.

Eucereon, new species of, 226.

Eucheira, new species of, 136.

Euchloropus, characters of the new

genus, 433.

Eucyane, new species of, 300.

Eulota, new species of, 164.

Euonyma, new species of, 101.

Euproctis Butleri, definition of the

new specific name, 203.

Eurota, new species of, 226.

Euryrhynchus, new species of, 297.

Euspilotus, characters of the new

genus, 320.

Eustegasta, new species of, 47.

Euthyrrapha, new species of, 46.

Ann, (k Mag, N, Hist, Ser.

Evania, new species of, 169.

Fantham, H. B., on Spirochteta Bah

bianii and on the occurrence of

Spirochseta anodontae in the

British mussel, 493.

Fenuahala, characters of the new

genus, 411.

Ficarasa, new species of, 287.

Fishes, new, 63, 64, 159, 163, 258,

261, 392, 493 ; on the entozoa of

British marine, 66.

Fulton, H. C., on new species of

Trochomorpha &c., 149 ; on Pa-

puina and Pupina, 158.

Funisciurus, new species of, 376.

Fruhstorferia, new species of, 354.

Gambusia, new species of, 259.

Gecko, new species of, 486.

Geological Society, proceedings of

the, 200, 450.

Glis, new species of, 445.

Glycosia, new species of, 351.

Gnathoncus, new species of, 321.

Goniopholis crassidens, on the skull

and skeleton of, 200.

Gude, G. K., on a new species of

Eulota, 164.

Halone, new species of, 232.

Hamba, characters of the new genus,

279.

Hampson, Sir G. F., on new Pyra-

lidae, 1 ; on new Syntomidae, Arc-

tiadae, Agaristidae, and N octuidae,

221. _

Helicarion, new species of, 99.

Helminthological nomenclature, on

modern, 451.

Hemiurus, remarks on the genus,

84.

Hesperapis, new species of, 535.

Heterorrhina, new species of, 347.

Hirst, A. S., on two new scorpions,

208 ; on a new species of Karschia

from Tibet, 322; on two new

species of Selenocosmia, 522.

Hister, new species of, 313.

Histeridae, new, 311.

Hololampra, new species of, 25.

Homoptera, new, 277, 395.

Hooley, R. W., on the skull and

skeleton of Goniopholis crassidens,

200.

Hymenoptera, new, 166, 268, 361,

531.

Hymenosoma depressum, note on,

146.

Hyperaeschra, new species of, 206.

. Vol, xix. 38

546

INDEX.

]IypsoideS; new species of, 202.

llema, new species of, 230.

Iphiaiilax, new species of, 170.

Ischnoptera, new species of, 26.

Isoceutris, new species of, 54.

Isolomalus, characters of the new

genus, 316.

Isometroides, note on the genus, 209.

Karschia, new species of, 322.

Kuranda, characters of the new

genus, 407.

Labeo, new species of, 392.

J^agarista, characters of the new

genus, 182.

Lasiogyia, characters of the new

genus, 7.

Latastia, new species of, 392.

Lauron, new species of, 308.

Lavia, note on the genus, l38.

Lebour, Miss M, V., on three mollusk-

infesting trematodes, 102.

Lecithaster gibbosus, note on, 89.

Lepidoptera, new, 1, 49, 20], 221,

299.

Lepodora rachiaea, notes on, 77.

lioptopoma, new species of, 155.

Lepus, new species of, 384.

Jjewis, G., on new Ilisteridae, 311.

Linstow, Dr. yon, on modern lielmin-

thological nomenclature, 451.

Lissophadnus, characters of the new

genus, 184.

I^ocha, new species of, 309.

Lophopteryx, new species of, 208.

Lophuromys, new species of, 382.

Ijuma, new species of, 2.

Jiycaon, new subspecies of, 375.

Lycophotia, new species of, 246.

Lygosoma, new species of, 488.

Mabuia, new species of, 212.

Macroderma, remarks on the genus,

137.

Macronota, new species of, 350.

Maenas, new species of, 235.

Magia, characters of the new genus,

288.

Mahuna, characters of the new

genus, 289.

Makula, characters of the new

genus, 408.

Mammals, new, 118, 133, 262, 370,

440, 445, 505, 520.

Margarochroma, new species of, 2.

Mawson, J., on the cretaceous forma-

tion of Bahia, 450.

Megaderma, new species of, 133.

lyiegadermatidae, remarks on the

family, 129,

Melcha, new species of, 179.

Mellivora, new species of, 376.

Melvill, J. C., on mollusca from S.

Africa, 94.

Metagylla, characters of the new

genus, 231.

Metalepsis, new species of, 244.

Metamblyops, characters of the new

genus, 106.

Metarctia, new species of, 225.

Microglossa, new species of, 20.

Microlomalus, characters of the new

genus, 318.

Miltochrista, new species of, 234.

Miselia, new species of, 252.

Mnemosyne, new species of, 283.

Mollusca, new, 94, 149, 164, 215, 217 ;

on three trematodes infesting, 102.

Mungos, new subspecies of, 119.

Muscidse, on the synonymy and

generic position of certain, 326 ;

on a new genus and species of,

445.

Myonycteris, note on the genus,

511.

Myopsyche, new species of, 222.

Mysidae, new Irish, 106.

Mysidia, new species of, 396.

Natalina, new species of, 98.

Neasura, new species of, 232.

Nelo, new species of, 305.

Neogenesis, characters of the new

genus, 19.

Nicoll, W., on the entozoa of British

marine fishes, 66 ; note of correc-

tion, 128.

Nola, new species of, 227.

Nomada, new species of, 537.

Notodonta, new species of, 206.

Notolampra, new species of, 38.

N ucras, new species of, 488.

Nyctibora, new species of, 36.

Ochodaeus, new species of, 358.

Ochotona aurita, note on, 124.

Oliarus, new species of, 282.

Onochalcis, new species of, 168.

Onthophagus, new species of, 418,

437.

Oopterus, new species of, 56,

Orthoptera, new, 25.

Osmia, new species of, 361, 538.

Ostodes, new species of, 220.

Ourebia, new species of, 387.

Ouwea, characters of the new genus,

291.

Oxyhaloa, new species of, 41.

Paheagrotis, characters of the new

genus, 252,

INDEX.

547

Palinura, definition of the tribal

name, 464.

Palpidia, new species of, 234.

Panelus, new species of, 417.

Papuina, note on the genus, 158.

l^aracrabro, characters of the new

genus, 274.

Paralaethia, characters of the new

genus, 224.

Paraleucogobio, new species of, 163.

Paranauphoeta, new species of, 46.

Paraplecta, definition of the new

generic name, 41.

Paricana, new species of, 288.

Parorchis, definition of the new

generic name, 128.

Pedilophorus, new species of, 68.

Perdita, new species of, 539.

Pericallia, new species of, 238.

Pericopis, new species of, 300.

Phseochroops, new species of, 359, 436.

Phanoptis, new species of, 309.

Phasis, new species of, 100.

Phenice, new species of, 397.

Phloeonseus, new species of, 57.

Phoxinopsis, characters of the new

genus, 262.

Phreatogammarus, new species of,

388.

Phyllodactylus, new species of, 212.

Phyllodromia, new species of, 30.

Piletocera, new species of, 12.

Pimelodus, new species of, 258.

Piroblatta, characters of the new

genus, 29.

Placostylus, new species of, 154.

Pocock, K. I., on the black-and-tan

pattern of domestic dogs, 192 ; On

the quagga and Burchell’s zebra,

516.

Podocotyle atomon, notes on, 73.

Pogonocharax, characters of the new

genus, 261.

Poiana, new subspecies of, 372.

Polemistus, new species of, 274.

Ponsonby, J. II., on Mollusca from

S. Africa, 94.

Preston, II. B., on new species of

Corbula and Bithinella, 215 ; on

new land-shells from New Cale-

donia, 217.

Prionodactylus, new species of, 486.

Procayia, new species of, 520.

Protsetia, new species of, 351.

Psen, new species of, 273.

Pseudaclytia, new species of, 226.

Pseudapiconoma, new species of,

225.

Pseudectobia, new species of, 35.

Pseudoglomeris, new species of, 48.

Pseudolithosia, characters of the new

genus, 1.

Pterocyon, new species of, 505.

Pupina, note on species of, 158.

Pydna, new species of, 206.

Pyralidae, new, 1.

Pyrausta, new species of, 55.

Quagga, notes on the, 516.

Rana, new species of, 214.

Regan, C. Tate, on new fishes from

Yunnan, 63; on new Central-*

American freshwater fishes, 64;

on new freshwater fishes from

Mexico, 258; on new Characinid

fishes from Argentina, 261.

Reptiles, new, 212, 324, 392, 486.

Rhodeinse, synopsis of the, 160.

Rhodogastria, new species of, 240.

Rhotala, new species of, 294.

Rhotana, new species of, 409.

Rhynchocyon, new species of, 370.

Rhynchotal notes, 277, 395.

Rivulus, new species of, 64.

Roeselia, new species of, 229.

Rousettus, new species of, 509; re-

marks on species of, 512.

Sangala, new species of, 307.

Schizothorax, new species of, 63.

Sciiirus, new species of, 120.

Scoparia, new species of, 21.

Scorpions, new, 208, 322.

Scythrodes, new species of, 59.

Selandria, new species of, 167.

Selenocosmia, new species of, 522.

Seminula, on, 194.

Sericophorus, neW species of, 275.

Shelford, R., on new species of

Blattidae, 25.

Sicydium, new species of, 260.

Sikaiana, characters of the new

genus, 398.

Silsila, new species of, 179.

Siltirus, new species of, 64.

Siobla, new species of, 167.

Sphegidae, new Australian, 268.

Spirifer ambiguus, note on, 197.

Spirochasta anodontae, on the occur-

rence of, in the British mussel, '

493.

Balbianii, note on, 493.

Stenia, new species of, 8.

Stenogyra, new species of, 154.

Stephanochasmus, new species of,

80.

Stereolepis gigas, on the variations

of, 489.

548

INDEX.

Styo-eromyia, characters of the new

genus, 445.

Swinhoe, Col. C.,on Eastern, Austra-

lian, and African heterocera, 49,

201.

Sylvisorex, new species of, 118.

Syntomis, new species of, 201, 222.

Tachina, notes on species of, 327.

Talaloa, characters of the new

genus, 294.

Taloka, characters of the new

genus, 280.

Tarache, new species of, 53.

Taraxineura, new species of, 308.

Tarsolepis, new species of, 204.

Tatera, new species of, 378.

Tattersall, W. M., on new Irish

Mysidae, 106.

Telmatobius, new species of, 394.

Tenthredo, new species of, 166.

Terebratula, on the genotype of, 525.

pentaedra, note on, 195.

Thamnomys, characters of the new

genus, 121 ; new species of, 381.

Thomas, O., on new mammals from

Euwenzori, 118 ; on new mammals

from Lake Chad and the Congo,

370, 520 ; on a viscacha from

S. Patagonia, 439 ; on the occur-

rence of the edible dormouse in

Sardinia, 444.

Thryonomys, new species of, 384.

Tigrioides, new species of, 230.

Timora, new species of, 243.

Tityus Pococki, definition of the new

specific name, 210.

Torynorrhina, characters of the new

genus, 433,

Trachycystis, new species of, 99.

Trematodes, on three mollusk-in^

■ festing, 102.

Tricholepis, new species of, 233.

Trichoridia, new species of, 257.

Trochomorpha, new species of, 149.

Tudea, characters of the new genus,

290.

Tuerta, new species of, 241.

Turner, R. E., on new Australian

Sphegidae, 268.

Turuptiana, new species of, 238.

Ufeus, new species of, 249.

Urabunna, characters of the new

genus, 414.

Utethesia, new species of, 202, 230.

Vaughan, Dr. A., on Seminula,

194.

Viscaccia, new species of, 440.

Vivaha, new species of, 405.

Woodward, Dr. A. Smith, 'on the

cretaceous formation of Bahia,

450 ; on a new dinosaurian reptile

from Lossiemouth, 451.

Wroughton, R. C., on the bats of

the family Megadermatidae, 129 ;

on new mammals from Lake Chad

and the Congo, 370, 520.

Xanthojoppa, new species of, 186.

Xanthospilopteryx Hornimani, new

subspecies of, 241.

Xiphophorus, new species of, 65.

Zetobora, new species of, 45.

Zia, new species of, 229.

Zoogonoides viviparus, notes on,

83.

Zoraida, new species of, 400.

END OF THE NINETEENTH VOLUME.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,

RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

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