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BULLOUGH, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan.

FISCHER, P.-H. 1948. Données sur la résistance et de le vitalité des mollusques. —J. Conch., Paris 88: 100-140.

FIscHER, P.-H., DuvAL, M. & Rarry, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines.—Archs

Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634.

Konun, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon. —

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Konn, A. J. 19605. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean. —

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THIELE, J. 1910. Mollusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische

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(continued inside back cover)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE

Volume 72 ~~ Band

August 1976 Augustus

Pattee ee Deel

SB: 9.8:3:9)

2 x

4/09 NOVI pa

MUSEUM

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM

SOUTHERN AFRICA

CHARLES L. GRIFFITHS

Cape Town Kaapstad

The ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

are issued in parts at irregular intervals as material

becomes available

Obtainable from the South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town

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Court Road, Wynberg, Cape Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM

SOUTHERN AFRICA

CHARLES L. GRIFFITHS

C.S.I.R. Oceanographic Research Unit, University of Cape Town

(With 12 figures)

[MS. accepted 27 April 1976]

ABSTRACT

Two new genera and seven new species of gammaridean amphipod from southern Africa

are described and figured. These are Bolttsia minuta gen. et sp. nov. and Unguja yaya gen. et

sp. noy. (Amphilochidae), Yu/umara improvisa sp. nov., Aora inflata sp. nov., Guernea tumulosa

sp. nov., Maera lobata sp. nov. and Mandibulophoxus latipes sp. nov. In addition Afrochiltonia

capensis is synonymized with Austrochiltonia subtenuis; Maera pacifica and Probolisca ovata

are recorded from southern Africa for the first time and the Angolan Talorchestia skoogi is

redescribed.

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction . : : 5 lil

Systematic section F Seg?

Acknowledgements ‘ . 34

References. 5 : Ars!

INTRODUCTION

The amphipod fauna of southern Africa has recently been reviewed in a

series of papers summarized by Griffiths (1976). The material upon which these

publications were based was largely collected intertidally or by means of ship-

borne grabs and dredges. Since neither of these methods has adequately sampled

near-shore sublittoral sites, it has come as no surprise that collecting by SCUBA

diving in these regions has revealed previously unrecorded species. The majority

of records in this paper come from two such collections made by the author.

The first of these sampled the fauna of a coarse wave-washed shelly sand, while

the second investigated the fauna of kelp holdfasts from an exposed rocky coast.

Also incorporated are a number of other miscellaneous samples and some taxo-

nomic revisions which have only recently come to light.

Holotypes of new species and representative material of all other species

have been deposited with the South African Museum, Cape Town.

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 72(2), 1976: 11-35, 12 figs.

1 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

SYSTEMATIC SECTION

Family Amphilochidae

Bolttsia gen. nov.

Diagnosis

Antenna | longer than 2; accessory flagellum scale-like; upper lip entire;

lower lip with inner lobes; inner plate of maxilla 1 without terminal setae;

maxilla 2 reduced, poorly setose; gnathopods subequal, strongly subchelate,

article 5 much smaller than 6, weakly lobed posteriorly: pereopod 5 hardly longer

than 3 and 4; telson entire, rounded.

Type species

Bolttsia minuta sp. nov.

Relationships

The structure of this genus is typical of Amphilochidae, except for the large

coxa 1, which is not normal for the family. There is, however, one other genus

of Amphilochidae with this feature—the aberrant Pseudamphilochus Schellenberg,

1931. Bolttsia and Pseudamphilochus are closely related, differing primarily in the

form of the telson and in maxilla 2, the reduced maxilla 2 of Bolttsia being

reminiscent of that found in Amphilochoides Sars, 1895. There appears to be a

case for the removal of Bo/ttsia and Pseudamphilochus from the Amphilochidae,

perhaps to Eusiridae or to a group of their own.

The genus is named after a friend and colleague Dr Robin Boltt, who

provided the author with the material shortly before his untimely death.

Bolttsia minuta sp. nov.

Figs 1-2

Description (of ovigerous female, 1,5 mm)

Head with moderate rostrum, eyes lateral with darkly pigmented core;

antenna 1 somewhat longer than 2, accessory flagellum a small scale, flagellum

7-articulate; flagellum of antenna 2 5-articulate; upper lip entire; mandible with

3-articulate palp, article 3 falcate, shorter than 2, incisor and lacinia mobilis

each of five strong teeth, spine row of four short spines, molar large but tritura-

tive surfaces not evident; maxilla | with bi-articulate palp, outer plate with

seven strong spines, inner plate smooth; maxilla 2 small, outer plate with two

plumose setae and two minute setules, inner plate with a single apical setae and

minute medial setules; maxilliped with powerful 4-articulate palp, outer plate

excavate medio-distally, inner plate with two apical spines.

Coxae 1-4 subequal, 4 excavate posteriorly; gnathopods 1 and 2 powerfully

subchelate, equal in size; palm of gnathopod | transverse, lined with minute

teeth, defined by a single slender spine; palm of gnathopod 2 with a slight con-

vexity posteriorly, defined by two long slender spines, dactyl apically bifurcate;

pereiopods normal, 5 hardly longer than 3 and 4.

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA 13

Fig. 1. Bolttsia minuta gen. et sp. nov.

Female, 1,5 mm. A. Head. B. Accessory flagellum. C. Upper lip. D. Lower lip. E-F. Two

views of mandible. G—H. Maxillae 1, 2. I. Maxilliped. J. Gnathopod 1. K. Coxae 1-4.

14 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 2. Bolttsia minuta gen. et sp. nov.

Female, 1,5 mm. A. Gnathopod 2. B. Pereiopod 2. C. Pereiopod 5. D. Pleonal epimera 1-3.

E-G. Uropods 1, 2, 3. H. Telson.

Pleon segments 1-3 each with a minute flat-lying medio-dorsal tooth; first

pleonal epimeron with an antero-ventral seta and another in a notch above

postero-distal corner, epimera 2 and 3 each with two notches in posterior margin,

a seta in the upper of these; uropods extending subequally, outer ramus of

uropods 2 and 3 slightly the shorter, uropod 3 lacking spines or setae; telson

thin, laminar, smoothly rounded apically.

Holotype

SAM-A13650, ovigerous female, 1,5 mm.

Type locality

Lake Sibayi (27.20 S, 32.40 E), December 1973—January 1974.

Material

Numerous specimens from the type locality.

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA LS)

Unguja gen. nov.

Diagnosis

Mandible without palp; antenna | with accessory flagellum; palp of maxilla

1 uni-articulate; outer plate of maxilliped reaching half-way along article 2 of

palp; gnathopod | weakly subchelate, article 5 weakly produced along 6; gnatho-

pod 2 subchelate, palm almost transverse, article 5 weakly produced postero-

distally; article 2 of pereiopods 3-5 broadly expanded and subrectangular;

pleon segment 4 moderately elongate with a pair of weak latero-dorsal keels;

pleonite 5 shorter than 6; telson boat shaped, extending to apex of outer ramus of

uropod 3, which is distinctly shorter than inner ramus.

Type species

Unguja yaya sp. nov.

Relationships

This genus forms a further addition to a group of Cyproideinae allied to

Hoplopleon, within which J. L. Barnard (1972a, 1974) has recently described a

number of new genera from Australia. These genera are distinguished from one

another by characters of mandibular palp (present or absent), configuration of

articles 5 and 6 of gnathopods | and 2, the width of article 2 of pereiopod 3,

shape of pleonite 4 and length of telson. Unguja gen. nov. may be distinguished

from other genera in the group in the unique combination of broadened article 2

of pereiopod 3 and absence of mandibular palp. Except for the character of the

mandibular palp, Unguja gen. nov. lies extremely close to Unyapheonoides

Barnard, 1972.

Unguja yaya sp. nov.

Fig. 3

Description (of female, 2,3 mm)

With the characters of the genus; eyes round, colourless in 70 per cent

alcohol; flagellum of antenna | of one large and three small articles, accessory

flagellum present; flagellum of antenna 2 of four articles; article 5 of gnathopod |

hardly produced postero-distally, terminally bearing two strong feathered setae,

posterior margin of article 6 with four feathered setae, anterior margin with a

single seta near base of dactyl, dactyl with a single serration and a few minute

setules; palm of gnathopod 2 almost transverse, bearing two minute teeth and

defined by two strong feathered setae, dactyl with a single tooth; article 2 of

pereiopod 3 sub-rectangular, bearing a few minute anterior spines; urosomite |

elongate, with a pair of rounded latero-dorsal keels posteriorly, not overlapping

urosomite 2, which is very short; urosomite 3 much longer than 2, weakly keeled

latero-dorsally; rami of uropod | equal; outer ramus of uropods 2 and 3 con-

siderably shorter than inner; telson extending to apex of outer ramus of uropod 3.

16 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 3. Unguja yaya gen. et sp. nov.

Female, 2,3 mm. A. Lateral aspect. B. Flagellum of antenna 1. C. Mandible. D. Lower lip.

E. Maxilla 1. F. Maxilliped. G-H. Gnathopods 1, 2. I. Pereiopod 3. J. Uropod 3.

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA 1L7/

Holotype

SAM-A13594, female, 2,3 mm.

Type locality

Oudekraal (33.58 S, 18.21 E), 10 m, from holdfast of Laminaria pallida, 8

January 1975.

Material

Four specimens from the type locality.

Family Colomastigidae

Yulumara improvisa sp. nov.

Fig. 4

Description (of female, 2,5 mm)

Antenna | not geniculate, article 1 greatly enlarged, widening distally,

flagellum of three short articles each bearing long aesthetascs, accessory flagellum

not seen; antenna 2 with article 1 of peduncle fused with head, article 2 very

broad, flagellum of three short articles; eyes round, clear; rostrum large, pro-

jecting between bases of antenna |; mandible with five long teeth, molar smooth,

palp absent; maxillae not clearly seen; maxilliped with large quadrate outer

plates and 4-articulate palp.

Gnathopods simple, article 3 elongate; gnathopod | very slender, termi-

nating in a brush of curled setae, gnathopod 2 larger than 1, articles 4-6 widening

distally and bearing pectinate setae; pereiopods stout, weakly ornamented;

pleopods with rami 4-articulate, outer slightly the longer; uropod | visible in

side view, inner ramus broadly lanceolate, much wider than outer; uropod 2

with rami of subequal width but inner ramus 70 per cent length of outer; uropod

3 much larger than | or 2, peduncle very short with a dorso-lateral keel, single

ramus thick and heavily calcified with large blunt dorsal lobes; telson short,

round, entire.

Holotype

SAM-A13593, female, 2,5 mm, unique.

Type locality

Oudekraal (33.58 S, 18.21 E), 10 m, collected from holdfast of Laminaria

pallida, 8 January 1975.

Remarks

This remarkable genus was first described by J. L. Barnard (1972a) to

accommodate a single specimen collected in South Australia and named Yulu-

mara wallanger. Yulumara differs from Colomastix, the only other genus in the

family, in a number of important features, notably the uniramous uropod 3,

18 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 4. Yulumara improvisa sp. nov.

Female, 2,5 mm. A. Lateral aspect. B. Antennae and rostrum. C. Mandible. D. Maxilliped.

E-F. Gnathopods 1, 2. G. Pereiopod 5. H—J. Uropods 1, 2, 3. K. Telson.

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA 19

enlarged coxae and heavily calcified, brittle exoskeleton. This last feature makes

identification of these small species via dissection in the normal way extremely

difficult. The shape of uropod 3 is, however, diagnostic, while gnathopod 1 is

characteristically Colomastigid.

Yulumara improvisa sp. nov. closely resembles Y. wallanger in overall

morphology, but differs from it in a number of significant features. Thus

Y. improvisa has antenna | linear, cuticle smooth, uropod 1 visible in lateral

aspect and with rami of unequal width and uropod 2 with rami unequal, all

these conditions being dissimilar in Y. wallanger.

The generic diagnosis given by Barnard should be amended to omit charac-

ters not shared by the two species—i.e. mode of attachment of uropod | and

flexure of antenna 1.

Family Corophiidae

Aora inflata sp. nov.

Fig. 5

Description (of male, 5 mm)

Antennae sparsely setose, | exceeding 2 by half length of flagellum, flagellum

of antenna | 17-articulate, accessory flagellum 4-articulate; eyes oval, dark.

Coxa | large, produced antero-ventrally to front of eye (adult male only);

articles 2 and 3 of gnathopod | anteriorly smooth, 4 produced beyond tip of 5,

tip bent posteriorly, article 5 enlarged, lacking teeth and sparsely setose, fused

to article 4 along almost its entire length, leaving a very short free posterior

margin, article 6 less than half size of 5, medially strongly setose, bearing a

distinct rounded lobe posteriorly, dactyl short, stout, falciform; articles 5 and

6 of gnathopod 2 strongly setose medially, 6 about half size of 5, palm concave,

defined by a strong spine; article 2 of pereiopods 3-5 smoothly ovate, lacking

postero-distal heels; pleonal epimera with postero-distal setiferous notch above

bluntly produced corner, oblique ridge running across each epimeron; uropods

extending subequally, 1 with strong interramal spine, 2 with interramal spine

minute; outer ramus of uropod 3 with minute article 2, inner ramus as long as

article 1 of outer.

Holotype

SAM-A13595, male, 5 mm.

Type locality

False Bay (34.14 S, 18.29 E), depth 20 m, 23 January 1974, substrate

coarse shelly sand.

Material

Twenty-one specimens from the type locality.

20 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 5. Aora inflata sp. nov.

Male, 5mm. A. Accessory flagellum. B—C. Gnathopods 1, 2. D. Articles 2 and 3 of pereiopod 4.

E. Pereiopod 5. F. Pleonal epimera 2 and 3. G—H. Uropods 1, 2. I. Uropod 3 and telson.

Female, 4mm. J—K. Gnathopods 1, 2.

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA DD)

Variation

Juvenile males have article 6 of gnathopod | relatively larger compared to

5 and palm defined by a single spine, rather than the posterior lobe found in

terminal males. Females are ovigerous at 4 mm, have gnathopods normally

subchelate, palm of gnathopod | defined by a spine, pectinate throughout and

with dactyl serrate, gnathopod 2 similar but article 6 longer, palm undefined.

Remarks

J. L. Barnard (19726) has recently revived a number of varieties of Aora

synonymized by Stebbing (1906) and raised other recognized forms to specific

rank. The genus at present consists of nine species differentiated primarily by

structure of male gnathopods | and 2.

Of the existing species Aora gibbula may be distinguished by an anterior

expansion of article 2 of gnathopod 1, while A. typica has a smaller process and

both articles 2 and 3 antero-distally lobed. A. trichobostrychus has a characteristic

posterior setal brush on article 2 of gnathopod 1, A. atlantidea has article 6

strongly setose anteriorly and A. anomala is typified by a strong postero-distal

tooth on article 5.

Of the remaining species A. gracilis is recognized by the distinct ‘heel’ on

article 2 of pereiopod 4 while this species, A. kergueleni, and A. maculata have

article 6 of gnathopod 1 of comparable size to article 5, while the dactyl is

elongate and smoothly tapering. A. inflata sp. nov. may be recognized by

differences in the proportions of articles 5-7 of gnathopod 1, as well as by the

short free posterior margin of article 5.

Family Dexaminidae

Guernea (Guernea) tumulosa sp. nov.

Fig. 6

Description (of female, 2 mm)

Antenna 1 with distinct but minute uniarticulate accessory flagellum,

primary flagellum 6-articulate; flagellum of antenna 2 8-articulate; eyes moderate

with black cores; mandible with weakly ornamented molar, incisor simple,

lacinia mobilis bifid; inner plate of maxilla 1 with a single seta, outer plate with

seven strong spines, palp bi-articulate, slightly exceeding outer plate; inner plate

of maxilla 2 much the shorter; postero-ventral base of maxilliped produced into

paired ventral lobes each bearing five strong setae, inner plate small with a

single apical seta, outer plate large with 11 medial spines, palp 4-articulate,

considerably exceeding outer plate, terminal article well developed.

Pereiopods | and 2 slender, article 5 bearing strong posterior spines; article

2 of pereiopod 3 not greatly expanded posteriorly, anterior margin strongly

convex with only a few minute setules, article 5 with four strong posterior spines ;

article 2 of pereiopod 4 strongly tapering distally, articles 2-5 with plumose

setae; pereiopod 5 with articles 4 and 5 lined with dense plumose setae, inter-

spersed with slender spines.

DD ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 6. Guernea (Guernea) tumulosa sp. nov.

Female, 2mm. A. Lateral aspect. B. Accessory flagellum. C. Mandible. D-E. Maxillae 1, 2.

F. Maxilliped. G. Gnathopod 2. H-J. Pereiopods 3, 4, 5. K-M. Uropods 1, 2, 3. N. Telson.

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA 23

Urosomites 2 and 3 fused; urosome mediodorsally concave, latero-dorsal

margins strongly ridged, the ridges cut into three humps of distinctive shape;

inner rami of uropods | and 2 considerably reduced, terminating in a short blunt

spine; rami of uropod 3 equal, dorsal margins weakly serrate, apices strongly

chitinized; telson cleft almost to base, each lobe with a small apical spine and

two minute dorsal setae.

Holotype

SAM-A13596, female, 2 mm.

Type locality

Oudekraal (33.58 S, 18.21 E), 10 m, from holdfast of Laminaria pallida,

8 January 1975.

Material

Six females from the type locality.

Remarks

This species is readily recognized by the two latero-dorsal rows of urosomal

humps and by the reduced inner rami of uropods | and 2, with their short, blunt

terminal spines. The strongly reduced inner rami of uropods | and 2 are shared

by G. gelane J. L. Barnard (1972a) but this form lacks the strong urosomal

humps of G. tumulosa sp. nov. G. timaru J. L. Barnard (19726) from New

Zealand shows an interesting similarity with G. tumulosa sp. nov. in that these

two species share the unique character of strongly setose ventral lobes projecting

from the base of the maxilliped. The two species differ, however, in other

important characters, such as structure of maxillipedal palps, inner plates of

maxilla 1 and shapes of pereiopods and uropods.

Family Gammaridae

Maera lobata sp. nov.

Fig. 7

Description (of male, 6 mm)

Antenna | as long as pereon, flagellum 18-articulate, slightly exceeding

peduncle, accessory flagellum of three long articles and one short article; eyes

oval, brown (when preserved in 70 per cent alcohol); article 1 of mandibular

palp not produced distally, article 2 sparsely setose, 3 with five long terminal

setae; gnathopod | moderately powerful, article 2 with minute antero-distal lobe,

article 6 widening distally, palm concave, almost transverse, defined by a large

spinose and setose semicircular lobe; gnathopod 2 very large, article 2 antero-

distally expanded into a large lobe, article 3 with semicircular lobe anteriorly,

4 with acute postero-distal tooth, article 6 elongate-oval, posterior margin

strongly setose throughout, palm undefined, dactyl strongly curved basally;

24 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 7. Maera lobata sp. nov.

Male, 6 mm. A. Accessory flagellum. B. Mandible. C. Gnathopod 1. D-E. Lateral and

medial views of defining angle of gnathopod 1. F. Gnathopod 2. G. Pereiopod 5. H. Third

pleonal epimeron. I. Urosome. J. Telson.

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA 25

article 2 of pereiopods 3-5 broadly oval; pleonal epimera with slight postero-

distal projection, lacking posterior or ventral serrations; uropods | and 2 fairly

short, inner rami slightly the longer, each with three small dorsal and two apical

spines arising from pits in cuticle, outer rami with apical spines but dorsal spines

minute or lacking; uropod 3 greatly exceeding | and 2, rami broadly oval with

a few setiferous indents around apex, outer ramus with two small dorsal spines

near origin; telson cleft almost to base, each lobe with a minute setiferous apical

notch and another medial to apex.

Holotype

SAM-A13592, male, 6 mm.

Type locality

34.40 S, 21.39 E, 21 June 1972, depth 80 m, substrate shelly sand.

Material

Numerous specimens of both sexes from the type locality.

Female

Ovigerous at 5mm; accessory flagellum of two long articles and one minute

article; gnathopods much smaller than those of the male; gnathopod | with

articles 5 and 6 subequal; palm oblique and smoothly convex, minutely pectinate

throughout, defined by two small spines; article 2 of gnathopod 2 linear, article 6

similar to that of gnathopod | but considerably more elongate; uropod 3 much

smaller than that of male, rami narrower and more lanceolate but hardly larger

than those of uropod 1.

Remarks

With its broad, relatively smooth third uropods, undefined palm of gnatho-

pod 2 and unornamented telson this species falls in a group characterized by

M. knudseni Reid, M. othonis (Milne-Edwards) and M. thrixa Griffiths. The

expanded article 2 of gnathopod 2 male indicates a particularly close relation-

ship with the last of these species. M. lobata differs from M. thrixa in the shape

of the process of article 2 of gnathopod 2 male, which is oval rather than triangu-

lar and extends distally to cover article 3, and from all the species in the group

in the concave palm and defining lobe of gnathopod | male.

Maera pacifica Schellenberg, 1938

Fig. 8

Maera pacifica Schellenberg, 1938: 42-45, figs 19-20. J. L. Barnard, 1970: 150, figs 92-93.

Ledoyer, 1972: 227, pls 43-44.

Records

SAM-A13591, a single male collected amongst corals, Ponta de Barra,

Mogambique, December 1971, depth 4 m.

26 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 8. Maera pacifica Schellenberg, 1938.

Male, 6 mm. A. Gnathopod 2. B. Pereiopod 3 with tip of dactyl enlarged. C. Articles 2-4

of pereiopod 5. D. Uropod 3. E. Telson.

Remarks

This species is one of a closely related and easily confused group typified by

smooth third pleonal epimeron and transverse palm of gnathopod 2. Particular

confusion exists between M. pacifica and M. quadrimana Schellenberg, which are

distinguished by such variable features as the width of article 2 of pereiopods 3-5

and the shape of the palm of the male gnathopod 2. The present specimen agrees

closely with the M. pacifica Form B described by Ledoyer (1972) and on this

basis is ascribed to that species rather than M. quadrimana, which typically has

three sinuses on the palm of gnathopod 2 male.

Distribution

Widespread Indo-Pacific. This is the first record from southern Africa.

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA PET

Family Phoxocephalidae

Mandibulophoxus latipes sp. nov.

Figs 9-10

Description (of female, 7 mm)

Rostrum linear, terminating acutely at about article 6 of flagellum of

antenna |; eyes consisting of about 18 distinct ommatidia; mandible lacking

molar process, palp 3-articulate, attached to distinct process of mandibular body,

bent between articles | and 2, article 3 hardly widening distally, terminally

bearing seven long setae; palp of maxilla | bi-articulate; maxilliped with article 3

of palp not produced distally, 4 subequal to 3, bearing a terminal spine.

Palm of gnathopod | semioblique, lacking defining lobe; gnathopod 2 some-

what larger, palm defined by a small spine and distinct rounded lobe; pereiopod

1 having articles 4 and 5 subequal, article 6 distinctively shaped with outer edge

produced into a semicircular, marginally spinose plate; pereiopod 2 with article 4

considerably larger than 5, article 6 linear, margins spinose but not produced;

article 2 of pereiopod 3 more than twice width of article 3, widening distally,

articles 4 and 5 as wide as 2; posterior lobe of article 2 of pereiopod 5 greatly

expanded, margins with a few setiferous indents but lacking distinct teeth,

postero-distal corner broadly rounded.

First and second pleonal epimera with plumose setae distally, third with a

distinct oblique setal row, postero-distal corner quadrate; peduncle of uropods

1 and 2 with a few small dorsal spines and strong apical spine, rami with short

stout spines along distal portion of dorsal margin and at apex; uropod 3 con-

siderably exceeding 1 and 2, inner ramus with long plumose setae on both

margins and at apex, outer ramus bi-articulate, article | medially setose and

externally spinose, extending to apex of inner ramus, article 2 about 25 per cent

length of 1, bearing a single apical spine and one plumose seta; telson short,

cleft to base, each lobe with two short plumose setae dorsally and two strong

apical spines.

Holotype

SAM-A13590, female, 7 mm.

Type locality

Intertidal sand, Shearwater Bay, Liideritz, South West Africa (26.38 S,

15/07 E)5 25 February 1963.

Material

Numerous females from the type locality, and from Noordhoek Beach,

Cape Peninsula (34.05 S, 18.21 E).

Remarks

The genus Mandibulophoxus was erected by J. L. Barnard (1957) to accom-

modate M. gilesi (type species), M. uncirostratus (Giles, 1890) and M. stimpsoni

28 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 9. Mandibulophoxus latipes sp. nov.

Female, 7mm. A. Head. B-C. Antennae 1, 2. D. Mandible. E-F. Maxillae 1, 2. G. Articles

3 and 4 of maxillipedal palp. H. Tip of gnathopod 2. I. Articles 4-7 of pereiopod 1.

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA 29

Fig. 10. Mandibulophoxus latipes sp. nov.

Female, 7mm. A. Articles 4~7 of pereiopod 2. B—D. Pereiopods 3, 4,5. E-G. Uropods 1, 2, 3.

H. Telson.

30 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

(Stebbing, 1908). However, J. L. Barnard (1960) subsequently synonymized his

M. gilesi with M. uncirostratus, on the basis of a redescription of the latter

species by Pillai (1957). M. gilesi has since been reinstated in a paper by Gray

& McCain (1969) so that at the time of writing the genus stands as originally

proposed.

M. latipes sp. nov. shares features such as a short article 2 of the outer

ramus of uropod 3, an oblique row of setae across the third pleonal epimeron,

and the presence of eyes with M. stimpsoni, but not with other members of the

genus. M. latipes may be distinguished from M. stimpsoni by the unusual

expanded article 6 of pereiopod 1, by the spination of uropods | and 2 and hw

the shape of article 2 of pereiopod 5.

Family Stenothoidae

Probolisca ovata (Stebbing, 1888)

Fig. 11

Metopa ovata Stebbing, 1888: 764-767, pl. 44.

Probolisca ovata: J. L. Barnard, 19726: 155, fig. 89 f-j.

Records

Numerous females from Oudekraal on the Cape Peninsula; recovered from

holdfasts of Laminaria pallida, 8 January 1975, depth 10 m.

Remarks

The descriptions of Stebbing and J. L. Barnard agree closely with my own

findings except for the condition of the mandibular palp. Barnard illustrates this

as uni-articulate while Stebbing figures a bi-articulate palp. I have dissected

several specimens for their mandibles which show 3-articulate palps in every case.

Distribution

New Zealand, South America, South Africa.

Superfamily TALITROIDEA

Family Ceinidae

Austrochiltonia subtenuis (Sayce, 1902). New synonymy

Chiltonia subtenuis Sayce, 1902: 48, pl. 4. Riihe, 1914: 35, figs 13, 14a-c.

Chiltonia capensis K. H. Barnard, 1916: 224, pl. 27, figs 38-40.

Afrochiltonia capensis: K. H. Barnard, 1955: 93.

Austrochiltonia subtenuis: Hurley, 1958: 003.

The first record of a Chiltonia from South Africa was that of Riihe (1914),

who figures a specimen of Chiltonia subtenuis described as a female, but in fact

showing the enlarged gnathopod 2 of a male. Apparently in ignorance of Riihe’s

publication K. H. Barnard (1916) erected Chiltonia capensis on the basis of

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA 31

Fig. 11. Probolisca ovata (Stebbing, 1888).

Female, 1,5mm. A. Lateral aspect. B. Accessory flagellum. C. Mandible. D-E. Maxillae 1, 2.

F. Maxilliped. G-H. Gnathopods 1, 2. I. Pereiopod 5 with dactyl enlarged. J. Uropod 3.

32 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

specimens which he considered to represent both males and females of similar

appearance and lacking an enlarged gnathopod 2. This unusual feature had not

been found amongst other Chiltonia species and required a widening of the

generic definition.

Hurley (1954) noted an unusual modification of pleopod 1 in the male of

certain New Zealand Chiltonia species, including the type— Chiltonia mihiwaka

(Stebbing, 1899). This modification was considered to be of generic significance

and led to the erection of a new genus, Afrochiltonia K. H. Barnard, 1955, for

the South African species and another, Austrochiltonia Hurley, 1958, for the

Australia species C. subtenuis and C. australis. Afrochiltonia and Austrochiltonia

were distinguished solely by the condition of gnathopod 2 male and differed

from Chiltonia in having unmodified first pleopods in the male.

Specimens recently recovered from Langebaan Lagoon include females indis-

tinguishable from Barnard’s Afrochiltonia capensis mixed with males with

enlarged gnathopod 2 exactly as described for Austrochiltonia subtenuis. This

would indicate that Barnard originally mistook non-ovigerous females for males

when describing A. capensis. A re-examination of samples identified by Barnard

has in fact revealed a low percentage of true males in several instances.

Afrochiltonia is thus synonymous with Austrochiltonia and Afrochiltonia

capensis Barnard with Austrochiltonia subtenuis Sayce.

Family Talitridae

Talorchestia skoogi Stebbing, 1922

Fig. 12

Talorchestia skoogi Stebbing, 1922: 8-9, pl. 5.

Records

SAM-A13500, Cabo Negro, Angola.

Diagnosis

Eyes very large, almost meeting on top of head, antenna 2 with peduncular

segments not enlarged; gnathopod | male with articles 5 and 6 postero-distally

lobed, dactyl considerably exceeding palm; gnathopod 2 male very large, palm

occupying almost entire hind margin of hand, defined by a single acute curved

tooth, a smaller quadrate tooth bearing three strong spines at finger-hinge,

remainder of palm with smaller submarginal spines, dactyl very long, closing

within defining tooth; pereiopod 3 short; pereiopod 4 greatly elongate, article 2

enlarged posteriorly, marginally spinose, articles 4-6 slender, dactyl slender,

elongate, spinose anteriorly; pereiopod 5 similar to 4 but somewhat shorter;

pleon segments with transverse keels dorsally, one on each of segments 1, 3 and

4, two on segment 2; pleonal epimera quadrate; uropods large, strongly spinose

dorsally and apically; telson apically emarginate.

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA 33

Fig. 12. Talorchestia skoogi Stebbing, 1922.

Male, 10 mm. A. Lateral aspect. B. Maxilla 1. C. Maxilliped. D-E. Gnathopods 1, 2.

F-G. Dactyl of pereiopods 2, 5. H. Uropod 3. I. Telson.

Female, 8 mm. J. Gnathopod 1.

34 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Remarks

Although this poorly known species does not occur strictly within the

southern African region (S of 20°S) the author has taken the opportunity of

available material to elucidate previously undescribed features and provided

more complete figures. In his original description Stebbing (1922) failed to men-

tion certain important characters of this species which have a bearing on its

relationships (particularly the unusual dorsal keels on pleon segments 1-4 and

the elongate pereiopod 4 with its enlarged article 2 and spinose dactyl). These

characters place T. skoogi in a distinct group of eastern Atlantic species including

T. quadrispinosa, T. spinifera and T. tricornuta. These three species, however,

have acute upright pleonal teeth (four in T. quadrispinosa, three in T. tricornuta

and eight in 7. spinifera) quite unlike the raised transverse ridges, each with a

slight medial emargination, found in 7. skoogi.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am indebted to the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial

Research for their financial support. My sincere thanks also goto Dr A. B. Thum,

Mr J. C. Allen and others who dived with me to collect samples, and also to

Dr B. F. Kensley and the late Dr R. E. Boltt who provided additional material.

The generous assistance of the library staff of the South African Museum is

gratefully acknowledged. The manuscript was kindly typed by Mrs S. E. Hardman.

REFERENCES

BARNARD, J. L. 1957. A new genus of phoxocephalid Amphipoda (Crustacea) from Africa,

India, and California.— Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12) 10: 432-438.

BARNARD, J. L. 1960. The amphipod family Phoxocephalidae in the eastern Pacific Ocean, with

analyses of other species and notes for a revision of the family.— Allan Hancock Pacif.

Exped. 18: 175-368.

BARNARD, J. L. 1970. Sublittoral Gammaridea (Amphipoda) of the Hawaiian Islands.—

Smithson. Contr. Zool. 34: 1-286.

BARNARD, J. L. 1972a. Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia, part 1.—Smithson. Contr.

Zool. 103: 1-333.

BARNARD, J. L. 19726. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Algae —living littoral Gammaridea

(Crustacea Amphipoda).— Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 62: 1-216.

BARNARD, J. L. 1974. Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia, part 2.— Smithson. Contr. Zool.

139: 1-148.

BARNARD, K. H. 1916. Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa. 5. The Amphi-

poda.— Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 15: 105-302.

BARNARD, K. H. 1955. Additions to the fauna list of South African Crustacea and Pycnogonida.

—Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 43: 1-107.

Gray, W.S. & McCain, J. C. 1969. The taxonomic status of Mandibulophoxus gilesi Barnard,

1957 (Crustacea: Amphipoda).—Proc. biol. Soc. Wash. 82: 189-192.

GrirriTus, C. L. 1976. Guide to the benthic marine amphipods of southern Africa. Cape Town:

South African Museum.

Hur.ey, D. E. 1954. Studies on the New Zealand amphipodan fauna No. 2: The family

Talitridae: The freshwater genus Chiltonia Stebbing. Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 81: 563-577.

Hurtey, D. E. 1958. Austrochiltonia, a new generic name for some Australian freshwater

amphipods.— Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 1: 765-768.

SOME NEW AND NOTABLE AMPHIPODA FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA 35

Lepoyer, M. 1972. Amphipodes gammariens vivant dans les alveoles des constructions organo-

genes récifales intertidales de la région de Tuléar (Madagascar). Etude systématique et

écologique.—Téthys, Suppl. 3: 165-286.

Pitial, N. K. 1957. Pelagic Crustacea of Travancore, III: Amphipoda .— Bull. cent. Res. Inst

Univ. Travancore (c) 5: 29-68.

Ruue, F. 1914. Die Siisswassercrustacean der deutschen Siidpolar-Expedition 1901-1903 mit

ausschluss der Ostracoden. — Dt. Siidpol.-Exped. 16: 5—66.

Sayce, O. A. 1902. Description of some new Victorian freshwater Amphipoda, No. 2.—Proc.

R. Soc. Vict. 15: 47-S8.

SCHELLENBERG, A. 1938. Litorale Amphipoden des tropischen Pazifiks. — K. svenska Vetensk-

Akad Handi. (3) 16: 1-105.

STEBBING, T. R. R. 1888. Report on the Amphipoda collected by H.M.S. Challenger during

the years 1873-76.— Rep. Voy. Challenger 1873-76 (Zool.) 29: i-xxiv, 1-1737.

STEBBING, T. R. R. 1906. Amphipoda 1. Gammaridea. — Tierreich 21: i-xxxix, 1-806.

STEBBING, T. R. R. 1922. Isopoda and Amphipoda from Angola and South Africa. — Géteborgs

K. Vetensk.—o. VitterhSamh. Handl. 25: 1-16.

6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform with the International code of zoological nomenclature

(particularly Articles 22 and 51).

Names of new taxa, combinations, synonyms, etc., when used for the first time, must be

followed by the appropriate Latin (not English) abbreviation, e.g. gen. NOV., sp. nov., comb.

nov., syn. nov., etc.

An author’s name when cited must follow the name of the taxon without intervening

punctuation and not be abbreviated; if the year is added, a comma must separate author’s

name and year. The author’s name "(and date, if cited) must be placed in parentheses if a

species or subspecies is transferred from its original genus. The name of a subsequent user of

a scientific name must be separated from the scientific name by a colon.

Synonymy arrangement should be according to chronology of names, i.e. all published

scientific names by which the species previously has been designated are listed in chronological

order, with all references to that name following in chronological order, e.g.:

Family Nuculanidae

Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845)

Figs 14-15A

Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata sould: Ree 37.

Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1856:

Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: “tis, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (figs 8a—b).

Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861:

Leda bicuspidata: Nicklés, 1950: 103, fig. 301; 1955: 110. Barnard, 1964: 234, figs 8-9.

Note punctuation in the above example:

comma separates author’s name and year

semicolon separates more than one reference by the same author

full stop separates references by different authors

figures of plates are enclosed in parentheses to distinguish them from text-figures

dash, not comma, separates consecutive numbers

Synonymy arrangement according to chronology of bibliographic references, whereby

the year is placed in front of each entry, and the synonym repeated in full for each entry, is

not acceptable.

In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci-

mens mentioned in the original description are to be designated paratypes; additional material

not regarded as paratypes should be listed separately. The complete data (registration number,

depository, description of specimen, locality, collector, date) of the holotype and paratypes

must be recorded, e.g.:

Holotype

SAM-—A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid-tide region, King’s Beach,

Port Elizabeth (33.51S, 25.39E), collected by A. Smith, 15 January 1973.

Note standard form of writing South African Museum registration numbers, date and geographical positions.

7. SPECIAL HOUSE RULES

Capital initial letters

(a) The Figures, Maps and Tables of the paper when referred to in the text _

e.g. ‘... the Figure depicting C. namacolus...’; ‘...in C. namacolus (Fig. 10)...’

(b) The prefixes of prefixed surnames in all languages, when used in the text, if not preceded

by initials or full names

e.g. Du Toit but A. L.du Toit; Von Huene but F. von Huene

e.g. Therocephalia, but therocephalian

Punctuation should be loose, omitting all not strictly necessary

Reference to the author should be expressed in the third person

Roman numerals should be converted to arabic, except when forming part of the title of a

book or article, such as

“Revision of the Crustacea. Part VIII. The Amphipoda.’

Specific name must not stand alone, but be preceded by the generic name or its abbreviation

to initial capital letter, provided the same generic name is used consecutively.

Name of new genus or species is not to be included in the title: it should be included in the

abstract, counter to Recommendation 23 of the Code, to meet the Fea uiremenis of Bio-

logical Abstracts.