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ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

VOLUME 67 BAND

THE TRUSTEES OF THE DIE TRUSTEES VAN DIE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

CAPE TOWN KAAPSTAD

1976

@ SET, PRINTED AND BOUND IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA BY

THE RUSTICA PRESS (PTY.) LTD., WYNBERG, CAPE

852

ANNALS OF THE ANNALE VAN DIE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

VOLUME 67 BAND 67

NEW GENERIC NAMES PROPOSED IN THIS VOLUME

Page

Agulanthura Kensley, 1975... ee = te ae a = oe de TD

Austroarcturus Kensley, 1975 ne Bs = a A ~ eS Bs 40

Chelydontops Cluver, 1975 _.. us te a ne? AG ~ aa fh 8

Flexanulus Debrenne, 1975 .. — ‘s ae aes a me cm ye 4385

Statanulocyathus Debrenne, 1975... ae he = suk ne eg eae 72

LIST OF CONTENTS

CLUVER, M. A.

A new dicynodont reptile from the Tapinocephalus zone (Karoo System, Beaufort

Series) of South Africa, with evidence of the jaw adductor musculature. (Pub-

lished June 1975.)

DEBRENNE, F.

Archaeocyatha provenant de blocs erratiques des tillites de Dwyka (Afrique du

Sud). (Published October 1975.) ee aa ais he ts

GARDINER, B. G. see JUBB, R. A.

GARDINER, B. G. & JUBB, R. A.

A new palaeoniscid from the Lower Beaufort Series of South Africa. (Published

December 1975.)

Gow, C. & MILLARD, N. A. H.

Two new species of campanularian hydroids from South Africa. (Published March

1975.)

GRIFFITHS, C. L.

The Amphipoda of southern Africa, Part 5. The Gammaridea and Caprellidea of

the Cape Province west of Cape Agulhas. (Published August 1975.) ..

JuBB, R. A. see GARDINER, B. G.

JupB, R. A. & GARDINER, B. G.

A preliminary catalogue of identifiable fossil fish material from southern Africa.

(Published October 1975.)

KENSLEY, B.

Taxonomic status of the pygocephalomorphic Crustacea from the Dwyka ‘White

Band’ (Permo-Carboniferous) of South Africa. (Published June 1975.)

KENSLEY, B.

Marine Isopoda from the continental shelf of South Africa. (Published July 1975.)

KENSLEY, B.

Five species of Jaeropsis from the southern Indian Ocean (Crustacea, Isopoda,

Asellota). (Published October 1975.)

KILBURN, R. N. & TANKARD, A. J.

Pleistocene molluscs from the west and south coasts of the Cape Province, South

Africa. (Published October 1975.)

MANNING, R. B.

A new species of Meiosquilla (Crustacea, Stomatopoda) from South Africa.

(Published October 1975.)

MILLARD, N. A. H. see Gow, C.

Nasu, D. S.

The morphology and relationships of a crocodilian, Orthosuchus stormbergi, from

the Upper Triassic of Lesotho. (Published October 1975)

TANKARD, A. J. see KILBURN, R. N.

Page

331

441

367

183

363

220

Sah

“ = =

= = ‘

iy \

= 1% =

* . a.

‘

3 4

‘ f

- '

‘

5 -

<” ROR nrs

’

—

NE 67 PART 1 MARCH 1975 ISSN 0303-2515

4 07. Lg

cAPE TOWN

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Examples (note capitalization and punctuation)

BULLOUGH, W. S. 1960. Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan.

FISCHER, P.-H. 1948. Données sur la résistance et de le vitalité des mollusques.—J. Conch., Paris 88: 100-140.

FISCHER, P.-H., DUVAL, M. & Rarry, A. 1933. Etudes sur les échanges respiratoires des littorines.—Archs

Zool. exp. gén. 74: 627-634.

Konn, A. J. 1960a. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon.—

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) 2: 309-320.

Koun, A. J. 1960b. Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian

Ocean.— Sull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): 1-51.

THIELE, J. 1910. Moilusca: B. Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In: SCHULTZE, L. Zoologische

und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Siid-Afrika 4: 269-270.

Jena: Fischer.— Denkschr. med.-naturw. Ges. Jena 16: 269-270.

(continued inside back cover)

ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM

Volume 67 ~~ Band

March 1975 Maart

Part 1 Deel

TWO NEW SPECIES OF

CAMPANULARIAN HYDROIDS

FROM SOUTH AFRICA

C. GOW

N. A. H. MILLARD

Cape Town Kaapstad

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TWO NEW SPECIES OF CAMPANULARIAN HYDROIDS FROM

SOUTH AFRICA

C. Gow

Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, University of the

Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

N. A. H. MILLARD

South African Museum, Cape Town

(With 2 figures)

[MS accepted 22 July 1974]

ABSTRACT

Two new hydroid species of the family Campanulariidae are described from ‘False Bay,

South Africa, namely Campanularia pecten and Campanularia roberti. Both are unusual in

the form of the gonotheca which is shaped like a bivalve shell.

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction . f 1

Description of material 1

Discussion . 5

References 6

INTRODUCTION

These two small species were discovered by the first author during the

preparation of a project for an honours degree at the University of Cape Town

in 1968. Both colonies were fertile and were retained alive in the laboratory

until the release of the products of the gonothecae. Microscopic examinations

were made of fresh material and permanent stained mounts, a useful technique

being to slip an empty hydrotheca onto a fine insect pin and rotate it into

different positions.

DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL

Campanularia pecten sp. nov.

Fig. 1

Hoiotype: St James, False Bay, on the sea-grass Caulerpa filiformis (Suhr.),

just below L.W.S. Collected 29 March 1968. Catalogue number: SAM H1659.

Description

Hydrorhiza creeping and reticular, giving rise to solitary hydrothecae and

gonothecae. Hydrothecal pedicel smooth, constricted at base, with a single

Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 67 (1), 1975; 1-6, 2 figs.

pi ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 1. Campanularia pecten sp. nov.

a, colony on Caulerpa; b, hydrotheca and pedicel; c, hydrothecae, the centre one in end-on

view; d-g, sonophores in various stages of development; h, empty gonotheca, side view;

i, medusoid, showing from the centre outwards: opening to subumbrellar cavity, exumbrellar

aperture, ring of statocysts, gonads on radial canals.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF CAMPANULARIAN HYDROIDS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 3)

terminal spherule and with thickened perisarc. Irregular nodes sometimes present

due to regeneration.

Hydrotheca deep-campanulate, slightly compressed, with toothed margin.

Marginal teeth generally nine in number, rarely ten, usually narrower than the

bays between them, with bluntly rounded apices. Perisarc generally strongly

thickened on two opposite sides imparting a bilateral symmetry and an oval

cross-section. An annular perisarcal thickening present near base demarcating

a spherical basal chamber.

Gonotheca borne directly on hydrorhiza on a short, smooth pedicel,

scallop-shaped, rounded in broad view, opening around the circumference like

a bivalve shell and with one valve considerably flatter than the other, sometimes

with concentric ridges on the outer surface of the deeper valve. Gonophore

(only male present) eumedusoid, with four radial canals with the gonads

distributed along their length, with eight statocysts, without hypostome or

marginal tentacles, with a short free-living existence.

Measurements (mm)

Pedicel, length : : , Seog MS 0,52-1,74

maximum diameter. . : ; ; 0,10-0,20

Hydrotheca, depth A ; 0,51-0,69

diameter at mouth (broad view) oo ie eet 0,24-0,41

diameter at mouth (narrow view) . . .. . 0,30-0,33

Gonotheca, length including pedicel ties, ce te 0,93-1,09

maximum diameter. : 0,68-1,20

Remarks

In the early stages of development the gonotheca is oval in broad view,

becoming circular later. At this early stage the four branching radial canals

are clearly visible, but they become obscured later by the developing gonads.

Three eumedusae were released from the gonothecae in the laboratory and

were retained alive for 24 hours, during which period they reached a diameter

of 0,9-1,0 mm. They performed periodical spasms of contraction. The gonads

at this stage consisted of a number of small spherical aggregations along the

radial canals and were presumably partly spent. The exumbrellar surface of

the medusoid appeared to be pierced by an asymmetrical elliptical aperture.

Campanularia roberti* sp. nov.

Fig. 2

Holotype: Partridge Point, False Bay, on the weed Sargassum longifolium

(Turn.) attached to Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck). Collected 24 March 1968.

Catalogue number: SAM H1660.

* Named after Robert W. Day, who collected the material.

a ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

Fig. 2. Campanularia roberti sp. nov.

a, hydrotheca and pedicel; b, hydrothecae, left in broad view, right in end-on view;

c-f, gonophores in various stages of development, f showing the branching radial canals;

g, mature gonotheca with gonophore containing planulae squeezed out of opening; h, upper

view of gonotheca showing concentric ridges.

TWO NEW SPECIES OF CAMPANULARIAN HYDROIDS FROM SOUTH AFRICA 5)

Description

Hydrorhiza creeping and reticular, giving rise to solitary hydrothecae and

gonothecae. Hydrothecal pedicel smooth, with a single terminal spherule, with

thickened perisarc. Regeneration nodes present in some.

Hydrotheca deep-campanulate, slightly compressed, with toothed margin.

Marginal teeth generally nine in number, rarely ten, triangular with bluntly

rounded apices. Perisarc generally strongly thickened on two opposite sides

and more so on one side than the other, imparting an oval cross-section and

an asymmetrical appearance when viewed from the broad side. An annular

perisarcal thickening present near base demarcating a spherical basal chamber.

Gonotheca borne directly on hydrorhiza on a short, smooth pedicel,

scallop-shaped, rounded in broad view, opening around the circumference

like a bivalve shell, recumbent and held with the flat lower surface against

the weed; upper valve curved above, thicker than lower valve, with distinct

concentric ridges when mature. Gonophore (only female present) in the form

of a fixed sporosac, with four branching radial canals but no other medusoid

structures, containing over 30 large eggs between the diverticuli of: the radial

canals. Eggs fertilized and developing into planulae within the gonotheca.

Measurements (mm)

Pedicel length oS Doll ae i a Mr lia ea ea 0,40-2,66

maximum diameter. : f ; 0,13-0,24

Hydrotheca, depth : . : : ; : 0,64-0,88

diameter at mouth (broad view) tar S Se eee ee 0,38-0,55

diameter at mouth (narrow view) . . .. . 0,30—0,46

Gonotheca, length including pedicel . ; 0,75—1,50

maximum diameter. : : : ; : 0,69-1,28

DISCUSSION

These two species are clearly closely related. Both belong to the hydranth

genus Orthopyxis L. Agassiz, 1862, and Campanularia pecten belongs to the

medusa genus Agastra Hartlaub, 1897. These two Benera are now commonly

included in Campanularia Lamarck, 1816 (Naumoy 1960; Vervoort 1972;

Millard & Bouillon 1974).

It is possible that C. pecten is the male and C. roberti the female of a single

species, for it is not unknown among the hydroids for sexual dimorphism to

occur and for the gonophore of one sex to reach a less advanced stage of

development than the other. However, there are certain differences in the

trophosome which distinguish the two and which support the retention of two

species at least until further material is forthcoming. Thus, the hydrotheca of

C. roberti is characteristically asymmetrical, with thicker perisarc on one

side than the other, whereas C. pecten has the perisarc symmetrically thickened

at the two narrow ends. Further, the hydrothecae of C. roberti are slightly

6 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM

larger than those of C. pecten, although there is an overlap between them.

Finally the marginal thecal teeth of C. roberti are in general slightly wider

than those of C. pecten.

REFERENCES

MILLARD, N. A. H. & BouILLon, J. 1974. A collection of hydroids from Mocambique, East

Africa. — Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 65: 1-40.

Naumov, D. V. 1960. Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the USSR.—Opred. Faune SSSR

70: 1-626. (In Russian. Translated by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations,

Jerusalem, 1969.)

VERVOORT, W. 1972. Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont-

Doherty Geological Observatory.— Zool. Verh. Leiden 120: 1-247.

6. SYSTEMATIC papers must conform with the International code of zoological nomenclature

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Family Nuculanidae

Nuculana (Lembulus) bicuspidata (Gould, 1845)

Figs 14-15A

Nucula (Leda) bicuspidata Gould, 1945: 37.

Leda plicifera A. Adams, 1956: 50.

Laeda bicuspidata Hanley, 1859: 118, pl. 228 (fig. 73). Sowerby, 1871: pl. 2 (figs 8a—b).

Nucula largillierti Philippi, 1861: 87

Leda bicuspidata: Nicklés, 1950: 163, fig. 301; 1955: 110. Barnard, 1964: 234, figs 8-9.

Note punctuation in the above example:

comma separates author’s name and year

semicolon separates more than one reference by the same author

full stop separates references by different authors

figures of plates are enclosed in parentheses to distinguish them from text-figures

dash, not comma, separates consecutive numbers

Synonymy arrangement according to chronology of bibliographic references, whereby

the year is placed in front of each entry, and the synonym repeated in full for each entry, is

not acceptable.

In describing new species, one specimen must be designated as the holotype; other speci-

mens mentioned in the original description are to be designated paratypes; additional material

not regarded as paratypes should be listed separately. The complete data (registration number,

depository, description of specimen, ey. collector, date) of the holotype and paratypes

must be recorded, e.g.:

Holotype

SAM-A13535 in the South African Museum, Cape Town. Adult female from mid-tide region, King’s Beach,

Port Elizabeth (33.51S, 25.39E), collected by A. Smith, 15 January 1973.

Note standard form of writing South African Museum registration numbers and of date.

7. SPECIAL HOUSE RULES

Capital initial letters

(a) The Figures, Maps and Tables of the paper when referred to in the text

e.g. ©... the Figure depicting C. namacolus ..

. in C. namacolus (Fig. 10)...’

(b) The prefixes of prefixed surnames in all languages, when used in the text, if not preceded

by initials or full names

e.g. Du Toit but A. L. du Toit

Von Huene but F. von Huene

e.g. Therocephalia, but therocephalian

Punctuation should be loose, omitting all not strictly necessary

Reference to the author should be expressed in the third person

Roman numerals should be converted to arabic, except when forming part of the title of a

book or article, such as

“Revision of the Crustacea. Part VIII. The Amphipoda.’

Specific name must not stand alone, but be preceded by the generic name or its abbreviation

to initial capital letter, provided the same generic name is used consecutively.

A. GOW & N. A. H. MILLARD

TWO NEW SPECIES OF

CAMPANULARIAN HYDROIDS

FROM SOUTH AFRICA

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JOLt ME 67 PART 2 JUNE 1975 ISSN 0303-2515

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OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN |

‘CAPE TOWN

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

1. MATERIAL should be original and not published elsewhere, in whole or in part. When

accepted, copyright becomes the property of the Trustees of the South African Museum.

2. LAYOUT should be as follows:

(a) Masthead to consist of ' ; F

Title: informative but concise, without abbreviations and not including the names of new genera or species

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