LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

J. H. ASHWORTH.

PAGE

The Arenicolide of South Africa, including an Account of Arenicola

Loventi marry. meer a bOMe meet nrcce ten case rite carat oe ee ee Reema me caeacaucans 1

M. Conno_uty.

A Revised Reference List of South African Non-Warine Mollusca,

with Descriptions of New Species in the South African Museum.

PN eB Be a Ane > ci eee ae a Re NOR OA 32 ds oUateoe 59

J. D. F. Gincurist and W. W. THompson.

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. Part III ............... 29

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. Plate IIT ........................ 321

E. J. Gopparp and D. E. Manan.

Mhiewouth African) Hanudineas = eartilis-nc ee oweecseecesdeccereescececseecde es 307

NEW GENERIC NAME INTRODUCED IN THIS VOLUME.

Marsupiobdella (nu. gen.) Glossiphoniidae (Hirudinea), Godd. & Mal. ...... 309

DATE OF ISSUE OF THE PARTS.

Part 1, June 15th, 1911.

Part 2, September 7th, 1911.

Part 3, October 24th, 1912.

Part 4, October 24th, 1912.

Part 5, March 20th, 1918.

Part 6, June 8th, 1917.

Part 7, February 6th, 1918.

bist OF PLATES:

PLATE

I. Avenicola loveni, Kinb.

Ennea magnolha, n. sp.

Ennea rhodesiana, n. sp.

Streptostele herma, n. sp.

II Natalina tarachodes, n.sp. /

Trachycystis erythractis, n. sp.

Trachyeystis metallakter, n. sp.

Euonyma gouldi, n. sp.

Melampus semiaratus, n. sp.

Ill. Paratilapia angusticeps, Bler.

INDEX OF GENERA.

PAGH |) Balistes, Artedii.eeeeene ee eceeee

Abrostomus, Smith .................+ 346 3arbus, Cuv. Wen ATA 8

AC OS WO mbLOItreeianeecces visceehiore 1600 me Barilaus- blame seseeeeneeeeeeeeeeeee

Achatina, Lam. ........- - See 190 | Banynotus:, Gumnithy eeeseeeeee reece:

Aleropes Alls 2 -cess\- 89) |), Bathyaauts: AAmGeye) Sasceceeseesee se

Aetobatis, Mill & Henl. Be a: 56 | Boulengerochromis, Pellegr. ......

PAC MULLS aaNet seaeea jase ses arse ss 250 | Brachyalestes, Giinth. ........... ...

Afrodonta, Melv. & Pons.......... 127 | Bradybaena, Beck. ..................

Afrorhytida, Mlldff. ......... 90 | Bueccinum, Lin............. 206, 234.

NOTIOlMexsIMOnCMseseu..-49:. = Lal) | Buliming, Whrenbareeees eae ee

AleSteS PPELerS yn ses soc ce sas sets 3839 -| Bulimulus, Leach..... ...

Alexia, Leach ...... 232) || Bulinius, BLU O. epee eee etee ters

Amalia, Mog. -Tand. AO) Ne war IBA ceccmsoacosonaes oanenenod:

Ampelita, Beck. mie aie siat | 99) Burnmipial Wiel keane cee

Atma laniliis ss Gable cece cess ena ee se: SH | Wekbbadoey, WHORAE, ocroscaneuenoooosnos

Ampullaria, Lam. keris 257

PAM ENA CURVE eee meio das corte er ec 54.2

AMMO VANS, C@Oit ocacponducodnensooenoese 239 C.

PATIOMATION Gra AUSt.e cece. are deoace 101

Anguilla, Shaw aires d 465, |eC@xecilioidess bere eee

Anisoloma, Ancey.........-........--- 187 | Caecilionella, Bet. ... . ...... .....

FANG OTA O Keen pepeietone scenes saeee4 2 00), || Calterian Sim PSO meseseraee enero

Amoplopterus, Pfeff. ..............- bow | Capoectas.Cuve cs Vials eesseace teen:

Apera, Heymem= ......-.0------ 62 ||| Caranxe Wace peaacstesteseeasseet sees:

PA CHeLts ANIDCESy J s.dessacces aoesse oe 16D Sassrdillas Heian aes eee

INTENICOlA, GAC es sales sees. cee se 2=| (Ceratoconchas sillier reeseeae

ApH OSs MAGUS on cooeasbseacmeneeenee tao! |) (GlaeKejmoyokorn, Ibrbal, .oS6noccoscdeusoudone

PAWEL OME HI Geer eee coarse aanisene asia ee 126 | Cheilobarbus, Smith ...............

A\ratuis), (Cniye Ge \VENE “S6oceogogocss0076. 456 | Chersina, Humphrey ...............

Assemania, Leach .................. 267 | Chilogymnus, Jouss. ..............-

Assiminea, ete.... . . need: 267 | Chimarroglanis, Vaill. ............

Astator eochromis, Pellecr. ....--- O13 | Chlamydephorus, Binn. .. .........

Astatotilapia, Pellegr. Beh sere teste 518 | Chondrocyelus, Ancey

Atopocheilichthys, Bleeker. eee 473 | Chorinemus, Cuv. & Val. .........

Auchenaspis, Bleek...........:.... .- 454 | Choristoma, Christ. & Jan. ......

Auchenoglanis; Giinth. ............ 454 | Chromichthys, Guichen ...... . ...

Auricula, Lam......................226-232 | Chromidotilapia, Bouleng..........

Auriculastra, Mart.......-:-..- 230 | Chromis,Cuv. ........°.... ee

Austrocobitis, Opilby ..............- ATO | CioneltonJethiseescest eras eiee sane

Austrocyclus, ANCCY ...-..-...+.+-- 250 | Clarias, Giinth. SER aE SSOGe CORIO Scion

| Cleopatra, Troschel. o..:.-csc-l.:

| (CObUbiswe arr oe Se toc Wace onee ct

B. Cochlicella, Fér.

Cochtitotvas Were n teense ae:

BUGTUSRObORS sues seaal tac. 449) Cochilo haa no tiers sant ise) a) mee

al ecambrwideauix cateasree-- secre LOS | Coeliamis Ads da Amore. cose

x Index of Genera.

(Oop Bon IDEM, 5 spcncon bb8a00000a56

Conmiannis lari. 5. eeecmeccceeeese:

Coptodon, Gervais

Corbicula, Miihlf. :

Ooretus, Adanson.............. ene

(Ooi Mier, Vale wa ENG INGE) 6: concon cbosue

Cossyphus, Cuy. & Wal.....).....

Cryptomphalus, Agassiz. .........

Ctenochromis, Pfeff. ............ 477, 51

Ctenovnomas Petersi-.c-sse eso ene

7} ;

Curvelllay Chanerneesecesesteeeeee ce

(Onobran, CUNG Sceoor coon cesongdontor

Cyclas, Brue.

Cyclophoropsis, Dautzenb. .........

Cyclophorus, Montfort ............

Cyclostoma, am. ............... 201

Cuyelotwus.:Gruil dine ea eeeee cee

(ON OMAANTS), NOISES, coonponapscnnadenc0s

Cumenia, Waainiey Cpacer aseorisee ee ee ee

Deupropillols JEWS Seo cooneescosoundasoe

Mentexs Cutya ueencss ccesaatscns ees

IDyikyenemonianey (CoN, cocesosnacosde one

Dinotopterus, Bouleng. ......... ..

Distichodus, Mill. & Trosch....

IDXorRoRsith, (Engen? o costeoqoacs.coupounee

inion, MICE), Gancponct acssacce a

JUG, VENT WOIN nossancc5 aenondosancdas

Ellobiwm, H. & A. Ad.

1Diavei, IbeGKel ti slueae satan ksatiodanbondaatce

Hrndodonuas Alilbersis-ee) cos )esee aoe

ldravereeyuUbKes Aoens 151K eGo conocer

IDimaverh, Jab, @5 lly ING oa cnssbocednoneos

mtenomius, Cope ...-....2:-+2- ++ :

ELypiplatys, Gill. Pee

Erpetrometra, Lowe ...............

Euhyalinia, Albers................ 113-14

lado, Jalewaseckshanay 5 ocooeeuaasaqcosee

Euonyma, Melv. & Pons. .........

Euparypha. Hartmann ............

SE UDET AS BO Lie oe etece decgsncsits veins Nes

Eutropius, Mill. & Frosch. ......

TatyoHiGip Tele We IN, ING coasae soh5ncae Ser

HauExulussschianiteercneeene.cnceee:

lik@reragsisitch, NV/EMU@i “Sooecennnes Soba

TATOO ath, OEE sap qe0 oon) 2 pbacbodec

Gallandia, Bet. ere

Gallaxiaise Culvereeerace oases sen.

Geomalacus, Allman,

PAGE

Gephyroelanis, Bler. ........... ... 4.52

Gerrest\ Cusp poeta eaenacneos 33

Glandingsehmme psec eesti LOD

GuathendalionCasteeeecresiet eek 415

GnathonemusnGillesseeees esos: 330

(EnvaAMUlWESS INGSSIID cooconucdoaonenees ABI

131

iHaligeness Gittins eee eterna 7)

Jelanen Otis, IN; contossdo%e9 000 cop cesar 207

Haplochilus, MeClell. -y.........:.-. 473

Haplochromisy te ti meseeeeeree eee 513

Hap lotilapia,, lull os eeseteeeereeer 517

Helicariones Hesse ee ae ere neeeeeee 100

Helicetlamhiery ease eee eee ene LL

HelicodontassWerneeeeoseeererecetre 132

IFOAM OV HRC UNEP, sooanecoosboebe fon 6c 161

Helicopsiss Becks mancsassctet eee eel

elicostylas Hen ..reee-eee essere OS

felix: Tims © ose. heeted cee 160

Hemichromis, Pfeff. ......... 517, 540

Heterobranchus, Cuv. & Val. ... 446

lakgyoyorek, (Cr, INTIEM sopose-coseo ceooapoat 250

JBM TEWK KO) OTH, ses cocmeoonsvopscocusobanes 314

Hayolinton, Claris cence erence een TL

Hydrobia, Hartmann’ iene. sc-es 265

Eiydrocenas antes na eee aera OO

Enjdnociniis Cuvee tne eee eet

Hp drocyony Guveeen ces cease eee 337

Huy drolanians Wiallimt eee rece eee: 122

Hypolysia, Melv. & Pons......... 209

Hyridella, Swainson ............... 274

Iipoehiiier, IDEWDS ce ene SbencennesSéeesue7 275

IWemeeKongey., JHeWaAS condeaBSeine cocbobacaces E'B)

Mewenhaniehs IDEN 555 coaccn cance sonoo 178

AMS KOlb ays We WEN sos nonce osoaso cod 45

Kailielllaeilantoeeseesscerteee steerer ibly/

Kerkophorus, G. Aust. ............. 107

[xGavera rh, irerteK lo. .p ooceoseonnocaneoapose 334

Kenya Ckaaebis@ her eemeseeeee eee: 122

Te, Ma

DEH orevera Ohya nomedevadcdddencenssaoene 346

Labeobarbus, Riipp. .................. 367

Index of Genera. x1

PAGE | PAGE

Laimodonta, Nuttall ............... 230 | O.

MamishessiWomthort ..:....<.0c..-2+0. PAST ||

Ibekaullesoti, 104805 Sapeeearesesasoodee oe 101 | Obeliscws Be Ckieeeseen cect acest aLO

Lepidosiren, Owen B22) |, Oncaded, Gisteless.cea-cesee ears 190

TF CRIUOCOMITUDUUSIN cians oa <i2e cise scence oes 4.65 | Onehidellay Grayiecccen cess s-eee 225

TCM COCTULOSPAUD. <2 ca cnswceseenacene 1764) Onchidium: BuChassssereeeeeee 224

Leucochiloides. Pfr. ............... 7 Ge | Oopeltar WMorchiecrascmtcceres cere. 124.

Tigatellase Matt v5.6... 5cee0s-eeen es 208) ||, Opeass Aulbersigesse-cmees cosa ectece 211

Wpnncicel lor Band cs... .c0c0. scree. << 118 | Ophthalmotilapia, Pllegr. ......... 477

Thaintnge-<, Ibibtl: Gascon ccceeeeeeeeee eee 118 | Opsaridium, Peters.................. 482

Limicolaria, Schum. ............... 189 | Oreochromis, Giinth.................. ATT

lbitarinevee), IDR WN, soces eoneepeeepeneeAne 3G) || ORI Olay Sncouschecteroscooceonca LUGO)

Limosina, Cless. 281 | Oxyglanis, Vincig. 454.

Eriwinfacia, Crosse .........4...0.005 189 | Oayrhynchus, Leach.................. 323

IE OOKAS,, (OWN arotioctiadoodaceneeaaeanenter 33 |

Luciobarbus, Heck. ................+ 367

lbmineyawisy Isa Koeln, ScosaesHeeooeeceeaee 29 12.

Lycocyprinus, Peters ............... 473

Pachnodus, Albers. «.c-s-cea0deeeeee 164

M. Pagrus, Cuv. 35

Paludestrina, Orb. 265

Macrocycloides, Mart................ gg | Paludina, Teg ee eu

Macroogana, Pilsb. ... .............. 149 | Paludorius, Swains.............-.-+: 261

Macropteronotus, Lacép............. 438 | Pantodon, Peters..................... 332

Maizania, Bet. . 250 Paracara, Bleek. 3 Seca rae O17

Marcusenius, Conk Val... 397 | Parachatina, Bourg. .....-.....06+. 190,

Marinula, Kine... ., 239 | Paramarion, pis @hereeaesseseeere os 1238

Marsupiobdella, Godd. & Mal.... 309 | Paratilapia, Blgr. wi... ol3-o17

MARGENSIAs SEMA Cas acc. s 02> 2555s 101 Patula, Held diate \ Veta Gab RS ee

Mastacembelus, Bler................ 549 | Pedipes, Per. ........ eee zZol)

Meladomus, Swainson ............ 257 | Pella, Alb. ee Sem: Reape as 133

Melampus, Montf. ..........0..0.... 226 Pelmatochromis, Steindria-..c-s.- 535

Melania, Lam. ........060.00... .ss0-. 262 | Pelotroplius, Gunblemeessssset ose 432

WEVA NO PSUSHPHIET A fetes ede cc nee nacs 287 Peltatus, G. Aust. veetee ceeeees cee 104

Mesembrinus, Albers. ........... ... 165 Peronia, blamivalileseesesss. eee en 224.

DMCsiECS GEOR os cc. ene. vecccc..ae0- 470 Petrocephalus, Marcusen ......... 324

Metachatina, Pilsb. 188 Petrochromis, Blow Sage sesce sete our 511

Micralestes, Bler. 849 | Phasis, Alb. Biciehefortiereetieraloteieietatnls SOC OOD OD Ie)

Microdon, Meig. .......0..0..000000.- 282 | iPhortionee Sres conus eee ees 129

Macrokerkus, Ga Aust, <......-+<-. ala Ee as

MG CrOStele, BGG. (o.c...--.0eecrs-ean- 178 | P ANSON SS OS: peta ata eae ee mae

Wit (Charo oan ac ake meee eee a 120 | Phytia, Gray eee 232

Monacanthus, Cuv..............06-.. 48 | Pimelodus, Giinth 557

Mormyrops, Mill. .. ............... 323 | Pumtoa, Bets... tee.

Mormiyras, Lint: ...5....0.c0000.0000. Bol | Pisidium, PET. oes ects seen ees _ 281

Mugil, Arted. Rae: 42, | Pisum, Gray Maha aks Aa sel sree 280-281

Muraenesox, McCall. eerie 52 PlanorbissGeo trae eee eee 235

Muraena, Arted. 52 | Platycephalus, Bl. Schn. ......... 36

Mutela, Scop. o76. | Platystacus, BloOChNe oe sete 4s

2 Plesiops; Cuyereearis tearm Tot

TENG OSIS, DEKE O.. sosoae a4 iannoodoooshe 448

N. Politasbleld pee ee ses csuk osnek ote 112

JEQQ RUS SEE docs pesgaccceenspescos 1S

NOMIMVO NOTA: ee e-5 22-2 - 105; 2825 283) | Rontatiamlucachwmeesess. ones 160

Natalia, G. Aust...................... 250 | Protomelus, Hogg 321

Watling Piss 5. s0.....0.....04 O9) | brotopberusy Owens. sseecee se: 321

INGovalome Oeics... a, ..2.22> 25. oon) 4S 0) ||P Seid Cnt semis) Ce kansas een eeares 456

INGruLcemlninee assess s.e. 2ODs 2040 | Psendouaruuse Smite sees senate 367

Nenitiiman Wars \c22s5.5s20s-<--ceeee-= (2/10) eueroplatea ss Viuillleca Eien]: sea-es OG:

Noculations CoOnmTads ...5..s- 2026s 272 | Ptyehochromis, Steindr. ............ 477

PAGE

Punts. WBC), sarees eneeen ae sei 367

JeQnvoned Digs ho apeuonportaoeds. cysendse goo 178

TT Nts MUEEKO NL, Goasdsacuaconasonacue 178

PAIS OM ans DOs mre syseee seers eee 158

JU MEAS, LEAR seo sg00beana ao oe 176

TRIO TISAI, VEYSIE Soosonecae Rciemess 164.

Rhachidunay Mbielen cs. ss-5.c2-- 164

Tea O, PNM OEMS Gan ensncesebonneceubs 164:

Rhachisellus; Bet. .....0............ 164

Rihsoad a eAllbers':.ca-ccesseeeereere: 157

Rhinobatus, Mull.& Henl. ...... 55

Rihinocry ptis, Meversseewseeeasssees POLL

Rhodostoma, Swainson ............ 231

Jedeenaln, JM ese soe00000" sce000a00 89, ete.

ROCheDiUNid. bob. ee -neuceeece es. 253

Rohitichthys, Bleek.................- 346

IRAUNUUTIO), LISS Oncasseemeceeeeeeee ere: 285

Salmo, Block. ee ae OO

SAndelvan Cashiers. saseseee scenes 543

Sarcodaces,, Giumbhys-s-asese-s--ceese 336

Sarotherodon, Riipp. ............... 477

Schilbe, Cuv. ... 451

Seulptaria, Pfr. son cigon ) Jes

Scydlaorhannisi Galle eee deeseeeeece

Segmentina, Fleming............... 238

ISTO OCI, JexeH ce s Prasoccbeoneddoasvaascoa 190

I YARENO fois NIMS \"555.550nqaneaaeooeBooe 99

ISfacehuillia?g Ease Wiracre a SocnoacaenboneocEnP ar 231

Silurus, Burch.

S1oeldaeh, IDE eronsencansscaescodsacoses | 40)

Sphaerium, Scopoli..............-:- 280 |

Sphalerostoma, Girard ............ 219 |

Spirobranchus, Cuv. & Val. ...... 542 |

Stenogyra, Shutt................ 211, ete.

SS DLE Pp bax Soy GAY seis actiseeien at 64

Streptostele, Dohrn. ............... 89

Seronplodigs bine, sossenso00cpscaasoosocae 2638

Shull omuliraehs IMC, Sago tecconsppaneooues 210

Succinea, Drap. sdacegsna. uly)

SyModombisss CuVvesencaeeueee ee fees 457

SUSLOUIUS EN CC ket ee aseclaracaee/asjsecnes 367

aL.

MeUlimicmblMemnse ce tsccrele cers arcweneostens 278

Mestacelilase Olivine execs: sacle. 64

Met rodonee CUveeennee nn cemoecssicnices 49

55 |

ne en 439, 451. |

Index of Genera.

Teuthis, Lin.

Theba, Leach

Tiara, Bolten

Tilapia, Smith

Tomichia, Bens. .

Trachyeystis, Pilsh.

Tribranchus, Peters

Trochonanina, Mouss.

Trochozonites, Pfeffer

Truncatula, Leach

Turbo, Lin.

WamioriniaeCuives seeees Beh Bae cena

Unio, Retz.

Uroeyclus, Gray

UGH NBM ety UME noo cccacecbooqcoEssour

Wailllonianehiissoscssse esse sce eects

Varicorhinus, Riipp.

Venus, Lin.

Veronicella, Blainv.

Vertigo, Mil.

Vitrea, Fitzinger.

Xerocerastus, Kob. & Mlldff.

Zingis, Mart.

Zonites, Montf.

Zonitoides, Lehm.

Zootecus, Westerl. .......

Mhapstellla mG Cy-ss sacs sseece see

Theodoxis, Montfort .. 0.0...

iris onephius, Pilsen

Trochomorpha, Albers. ............

Tropidophora, Troschel...........

Truncabellas RaSsOsmees sete nese

Tulbaghinia, Melv. & Pons. ......

Palognethus, Hecke 0c. ss seeeee

UncersvelkKileinh ference eeencere reer

WaisirOniithy IDE OS Socdécboaseconacoouause

Vivipara, Montfort................

PAGE

Sil

104

284

270

263

477

266

1535}

466

158

108

102

108

252

266

152

255

346

274

190

125

22:

159

364

278

223

184.

111

104:

260

164

iil

116

218

ANNALS

OF THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM.

(Vou. XI.)

1.—The Arenicolide of South Africa, including an Account of

Arenicola loveni Kinberg—By J. H. AsHwortu, D.Sc.,

Lecturer in Invertebrate Zoology im the University of Edinburgh

(with Plate I. and Five Text-Figures).

INTRODUCTION.

Durinc the course of investigations on the genus Arenicola it

became necessary to determine the characters and systematic

position of A. lovent Kinberg, and to ascertain if this is a valid

species or if, as suggested by several writers, it should be merged

with A. marma. As a decision regarding the validity and position

of the species could be reached only after examination of the type, I

applied to Professor Théel for the loan of this specimen, preserved in

the Riksmuseum, Stockholm. I beg to express to him my sincere

thanks for so readily entrusting to me this interesting and valuable

specimen and also for permitting me to make an inspection of its

internal organs, without which a definite conclusion regarding the

position of the species could not have been attained. My examina-

tion of the type specimen showed that the species A. lovent Kinberg

is a valid one. On ascertaining this I wrote to Professor J. D. F.

Gilchrist, inquiring if, during his marine investigations, he had found

specimens of Arenicola on the shores of South Africa. In reply he

sent to me, in July, 1909, four specimens taken in Saldanha Bay,

which prove to belong to Kinberg’s species. He has since (October,

1910) sent to me examples of Arenicola dug from the sand in Table

Bay and in Liideritzbucht (Angra Pequefia), and two specimens

found cast up dead, after a storm, on the shore of False Bay. I

beg to thank Professor Gilchrist for so generously placing these

specimens at my disposal.

From the type specimen and the four examples from Saldanha

Bay I have prepared a description, and a new and full diagnosis, of

A. lovent. The examples from False Bay belong to this species.

2 Annals of the South African Museum.

The well-preserved material from Liideritzbucht enables me to

revise and correct a previous record from the same locality, and

forms the basis of remarks on the distribution of A. assimilis.

ARENICOLA LOVENI KINBERG.

Historican ACCOUNT.

The species Arenicola loveni Kinberg was founded on a specimen

collected at Port Natal, near Durban; it was defined byjdin Ge EL:

Kinberg in his ‘‘ Annulata Nova”’* in the following terms: “ Seg-

mentum buccale triannulum, segmenta setigera 20 quorum sex

anteriora singulumque postremum ebranchiata; longitudino 395-

400 mm.; latitudo 20 mm.” Following this diagnosis is the refer-

ence ‘‘ Hug. Resa, Ann. T. xxviii. 1.” This Plate XXVIII. forms

one of a series,} containing figures of the Annulata collected on the

voyage round the world of the frigate Eugenie, prepared for issue in

1857, that is, ten years prior to the publication of the diagnosis of

the species. Although copies of the plate were printed, they were

never actually published. The figures on this plate relating to

Arenicola lovenit were, until recently, known to me only through a

short description of them published by Professor Fauvel.! My

thanks are due to Professor Théel for his kindness in sending to

me a copy of this interesting plate.

The species A. lovent is not mentioned in the literature, so far as I

am aware, from 1867 until 1588, when, in discussing the ecaudate

species of Arenicola, Professor yon Marenzeller § stated that these

species may have a chetigerous segment behind the last branchi-

ferous one, and that similar cases have been previously met with—

for instance, A. lovent Kbg. Judging from the short diagnosis, the

only description then available,|) von Marenzeller remarked that

A, loveni seems to resemble A. marina, and that the validity of the

former species is doubtful. In 1899 Fauvel (loc. cit.) gave a descrip-

tion of the figures of A. lovent on the unpublished plate above

mentioned. He pointed out that, as far as one is able to judge by

* Ofversigt Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akad. Foérhandl., 1866, p. 355, Stockholm, 1867.

+ Kongl. Svenska Fregatten Kugenies Resa omkring Jorden. Zoologi. Annulata.

Stockholm, 1857.

+ Fauvel, P., ‘‘ Observations sur les Arénicoliens,” in: Mem. Soc. Nation. Sc.

Natur. Math., Cherbourg, t. xxxi., p. 179, 1899.

§ Marenzeller, E. von, ‘‘ Polychiiten der Angra Pequena-Bucht,” in: Zool. Jahrb,

Abth. Syst., bd. iii., pp. 14. 15. Jena, 1888.

|| Von Marenzeller had not access to a copy of the unpublished plate.

The Arenicolide of South Africa. 3

the figure of the worm, this species differs from a large example of

A. marina only in the presence of a chetigerous ring between the

last branchial segment and the caudal region. This chetigerous

ring is shown bearing, on each side, a tuft of setae but no notopodial

elevation. Fauvel remarked that such a character in an Arenicola

is so extraordinary that one might ask if there had not been an

error of observation. In view of the insufficient information regard-

ing this species he concluded that it was impossible to decide

whether A. loveni is a distinct species or should be merged with

A. marina.* Gamble and Ashworth + placed this among the species

of Arenicola, which, being so shortly and insufficiently described,

must for all practical purposes be ignored.

The above account, which embodies the whole of the information

hitherto available regarding A. loveni,} shows that the validity of this

species and its position with reference to other species of the genus

have been regarded as very uncertain.

OCCURRENCE.

Up to the present Kinberg’s specimen, obtained at Port Natal,

near Durban, is the only recorded example of A. lovent, and no

details are given of the conditions under which it was found. The

only information available on the habitat of this species is contained

in a letter (dated July 7, 1909), which Professor Gilchrist sent to me

with the specimens, and from which I quote the following: “I had

been looking for several years for Arenicola here”’ (i.e., on the shores

of Cape Colony), “ but found no trace of it until on a visit to Saldanha

Bay, on the west coast, I found the castings of the worm in a little

sandy cove just inside the bay. Most of the sand here is very

shifty, but in this sheltered place it seemed to be more permanent

* J. E. Ives (Proc. Acad. Nat. Se., Philadelphia, for 1890, p. 74, Philadelphia,

1891) apparently considers 4. loveni Kbg. to be a synonym of 4. marina, for in

stating the range of distribution of 4. marina he includes South Africa, The only

records of Arenicola from South Africa are those of Kinberg (4. loveni) and von

Marenzeller (4. marina, from Angra Pequena), so that Ives’ statement implies that

he considers Kinberg’s specimen to be an example of 4. marina, It may be men-

tioned here that the specimens collected by Professor Gilchrist at Angra Pequena

(for an account of which see pp. 18-21) have enabled me to show that the species

found there is not A. marina but A. assimilis var. ajjinis.

+ Gamble, F. W., and Ashworth, J. H., ‘ The Anatomy and Classification of the

Arenicolide . . .’’? in Quart. Journ. Micr. Sc., vol. 43, p. 429, 1900.

t Since this was written the author has published an account of the type

specimen and of the examples from Saldanha Bay, similar to that on pp. 2-15 of

this communication, in Arkiv for Zoologi (K. Svenska Vetensk-Akad. Stockholm),

Bd. 7, No. 5, 19 pp., 1 Pl., 1910.

4 Annals of the South African Museum.

and was of rather darker colour. The worms were procured by

digging rather quickly with a spade; they seemed to be about a

foot or so beneath the surface.”

SIZE.

The length of the type specimen was given by Kinberg as 395

to 400 mm. On measuring the specimen, I found it to be about

405 mm. in length, of which the tail represents about 155 mm.

The symbol ‘‘1”’ by the side of the figure of this worm on the

unpublished plate indicates that the figure is natural size, but, on

measurement, it is found to be 475 mm. long, of which the tail is

about 200 mm. The figure is therefore larger than natural size, and

does not accurately represent the relative proportions of the body

and tail of the specimen.

The measurements of the specimens from Saldanha Bay are as

follows :—

No. 1. Total length 335 mm., of which the tail is 90 mm.

No. 2. mM 300 5 f + IIs).

No. 3. re Lysine - i 55 ,,

No. 4. 7 385 _,, * > 155 __,,

The largest of these most closely approaches the type specimen

in size and in the proportion of its body and tail. It is, however,

rather shorter and somewhat stouter in the body region than the

type; its tail is the same length as, but thicker than, that of the

type specimen. The diameter of the type is given by Kinberg as

20 mm.: the specimen was probably measured near the third or

fourth cheetigerous annulus, where it is widest; its girth at the

fourth chetigerous annulus is now about 60 mm. Specimen No. 4,

from Saldanha Bay, measured at the level of the fourth cheetigerous

segment, where it is thickest, has a diameter of 23 mm. and a girth

of 68 mm.; the diameter and girth of the middle of the tail are

16 mm. and 50 mm. respectively.

Although of such massive proportions, A. loveni is not the largest

species of the genus; it is surpassed in size by A. cristata Stimpson,

and is equalled, at any rate in length, by A. marina (L.). The

largest specimen of Arenicola known to me is an example, in my

possession, of A. cristata from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,

which is 515 mm. in length (the tail being 190 mm. long) and

75 mm. in girth at its widest point. Examples of A. marina 350

to 400 mm. long are occasionally found, the anterior region of which

The Arenicolide of South Africa. 5

may attain a girth of about 70 mm., but their tail region is usually

less massive than that of A. lovent.. The other species of Arenicola

are much smaller than these; the largest known examples of A.

claparedit Levinsen, dA. assinilis Ehlers, and its variety affinis

Ashworth, are about 220 mm., and of A. ecaudata Johnston and

A. grubw Claparéde about 250 mm. long.

CoLour.

All the specimens are brown in colour; the shade varies a little

in different regions, being usually slightly darker in the anterior

portion.

Prostomium. (Plate I., Fig. 1.)

The prostomium of the type specimen is beautifully preserved.

It consists of a large median lobe and two small lateral lobes of

almost uniform width (that is, not dilated anteriorly), and united

posteriorly in a narrow median portion the central part of which is

depressed slightly below the level of the lateral portions. The

transverse diameter of this prostomium, at its widest part, is about

2°2 mm.

In three of the Saldanha examples the prostomium is well pre-

served. In each case it agrees in the form and proportion of its

parts with that of the type specimen. In the Saldanha specimen,

in which it is best seen, the prostomium has a transverse diameter

of 3 mm. of which the median lobe forms 1:8 mm.

The nuchal organ is present and has the usual relation to the

prostomium.

SEGMENTATION AND PARAPODIA.

This species has nineteen cheetigerous segments, on each of which

notopodia and neuropodia are clearly seen. Hach of the segments

from the fourth to the nineteenth inclusive is subdivided into five

annuli, the fourth of which—the chetigerous annulus—is the

largest. Behind the third chetigerous annulus there are, there-

fore, four smaller rings between any two successive chetigerous

ones. Between the third and second chetigerous annuli there are

three rings, between the second and first there are two, and in front

of the first chetigerous annulus there are three rings, as stated in

Kinberg’s diagnosis (‘‘segmentum buccale triannulum’’) and the

prostomium. The annulation of the anterior end is as represented

in Kinberg’s figure and in the accompanying diagram (Text-Fig. I.).

The difference in the sculpturing of the skin of the pre-branchial

6 Annals of the South African Museum.

and branchial regions is not so marked and abrupt as it is shown

in Kinberg’s figure.

The tail is strong and muscular, its numerous segments (usually

about 100 to 150)* are very narrow from before backwards, espe-

cially in the anterior half of the tail. The epidermis is raised into

small rounded papille; there are no elongate papillae or other

outgrowths of the body wall in this region.

The notopodia have the usual bluntly conical form; a tuft of

capillary sete projects from the oval aperture of the setal sac,

Text-FicureE I.

Arenicola loveni. Anterior end, dorsal aspect. x 1:5.

Mo. Mouth, N?*. First notopodium. N.Gr. Nuchal groove. Pr. Prostomium.

which is situated on or near the rounded apex of the notopodium.

The type specimen possesses a twentieth segment bearing noto-

podial setze (Fig. 2). Following the nineteenth chetigerous annulus

are four rings and then a larger one. On the right dorso-lateral

region of this larger annulus there is a slight elevation, from an

aperture in which a tuft of twelve to fifteen capillary setz projects ;

* There are 175 septa in the tail of one of the Saldanha specimens.

The Arenicolide of South Africa. id

on the left side there is a corresponding setal sac, but sete are no

longer present in it. The sets remaining in this specimen are now

very loosely held in position, several bundles of notopodial sete are

seen to be on the point of falling out of their setal sacs and others

have already dropped out, including the small tuft which was in

the twentieth left notopodium.

There is no trace of neuropodia or neuropodial setx or of gills on

either side of this twentieth segment.

The type specimen is, therefore, abnormal in that it possesses an

additional chetigerous segment, but this extra segment is not pro-

vided with fully developed parapodia; its notopodia are smaller than

those of the preceding segments, and it possesses no neuropodia.

Kinberg’s figure is correct in its representation of this extra seg-

ment. There is such a remarkable constancy in the number

of chetigerous segments in the caudate species of Arenicola that

the presence of an extra pair of notopodial setal tufts in Kinberg’s

figure called forth Professor Fauvel’s remark that this might be

due to an error of observation. Cases in which extra notopodia,

neuropodia, and gills are present in caudate Arenicolide are rare.

Among some thousands of specimens of A. marina which have

passed through my hands during the last few years, I have seen

only three * with a complete chetigerous and branchiferous twentieth

segment. Out of over one hundred specimens of A. claparedii

examined, I have seen only one which exhibits an abnormality of

this nature; this specimen has an extra (twentieth) notopodium and

neuropodium, but on one side only.

Neuropodia are clearly visible on all the chetigerous segments of

A. lovent. On specimen No. 4 the groove of the first neuropodium

is about 1 mm. in length, that of the second 2 mm., of the third

4 mm., of the fourth 7 mm., and of the fifth, sixth, and seventh

12 mm. The groove thus exhibits a rapid elongation in successive

segments until in the fifth, sixth, and seventh segments it attains

its maximum length of about 12 mm., and almost reaches the mid-

ventral line. The right and left neuropodial grooves in this region

of the body are separated ventrally by a distance of only a little over

1 mm. In the following segments the neuropodial grooves are

slightly shorter, they gradually diminish from 11°5 mm. in length

in the eighth segment to 9°5 mm. in the nineteenth segment. The

neuropodia of the first few segments are scarcely raised above the

general surface of the chetigerous annulus, but those of the tenth and

succeeding segments are clearly seen as elongate ridges, extending

* Not seven, as erroneously stated in Arkiv for Zoologi, Bd. 7, No. 5, p. 7.

8 Annals of the South African Museum.

from just below the notopodium practically to the mid-ventral line

(Fig. 2), where the neuropodia of the right and left sides are sepa-

rated from each other only by the narrow and shallow mid-ventral

groove.“ The neuropodia are of the elongate type, like those of

A. marina, and differ from the short neuropodia present in 4.

claparedw and A. assimilis.

Nephridiopores are present in all the specimens on segments 5 to

9 inclusive ; the pore is immediately dorsal to the upper end of the

neuropodium.

Another external feature associated with the parapodia is worthy

of note, namely, the presence of a small, round, or oval depression,

about ‘25 tod mm. in diameter, immediately ventral to certain of

the notopodia. These depressions are best seen in the type speci-

men in which they are present, on both right and left sides, in

segments 13 to 20 inclusive (Fig. 2). It is interesting to note that

the segment bearing the additional notopodium exhibits a depression

similar to, but slightly smaller than, that of the preceding normal

segments. These pits are also present in two of the Saldanha speci-

mens, but on the last two or three chetigerous segments only. Depres-

sions identical in form and position are occasionally seen in A. eris-

tata, but their significance is as yet unknown. Sections were made

of a piece of the body wall between the eighteenth notopodium and

neuropodium of one of the Saldanha specimens, but the preservation

of the tissue is not sufficiently good to permit critical observations

on the histology of the cells. The epidermis of the depressed area

is composed, almost entirely, of deeply staining, narrow, columnar

cells. Although the position of the pit reminds one of that of the

lateral sense organs (‘‘ Seitenorgane ’’) of Capitellide and Scalibreg-

mide, it is, at present, impossible to say if the strvcture in question

is a sense organ.

SETA.

The sete in some of the notopodia seem to be in two more or less

distinct series, an anterior and a posterior; the sete of the anterior

row are rather shorter than those of the posterior row, but they have

the same form and structural detail. The sete of the ninth noto-

podia of one of the Saldanha examples were examined in detail.

The longer ones are about 6°6 to 6°83 mm. in length, the shorter ones

5:3 to 5-6 mm. For a distance of 1:0 to 1:3 mm. behind the tip each

sete bears, along one edge, a well-marked lamina which attains a

breadth of 15 x, and, as seen under medium magnification, is marked

* The ventral and metastomial grooves are feebly marked in all the specimens.

The Aremcolide of South Africa. 9

by closely set oblique lines and has a finely dentate margin (Fig. 3).

The other margin of the seta, for a distance of 1:5 to 1:7 mm. from

the tip, bears numerous regularly arranged structures which, seen

under low or medium magnification, look like long fine teeth;

similar structures are also present along the laminate side of the

seta for a short distance proximal to the lamina. In most species

of Arenzcola the “‘ teeth,” corresponding to those just described, are

more closely pressed to the shaft of the seta, whereas in A. loveni

they project at an angle of 30° to 40° from the shaft, and are con-

sequently much more obvious, especially as in A. loveni they are

also of larger size. The exact nature of these outgrowths on the

shaft of the seta is difficult to determine, but, under an immersion

objective, it is seen that they are regularly arranged crests passing

round the shaft (Fig. 4). The apparently undivided base of the crest

is fixed to the shaft and its distal margin, that is its free edge, is

subdivided into a large number of fine teeth. Each crest appears to

be a comb-like structure, bent so as to envelop the greater portion

of the shaft of the seta, the curved portion being seen in profile

where it projects beyond the edge of the shaft. The regularly

arranged structures, seen under low power, as fine teeth along one

margin of the seta are, then, the profile view of these crests, which

remind one of the similar crests or “ Sageblitter’’ present on the

setae of some Aphroditide and certain other Polycheta. The

laminate portion of the seta bears on its surface numerous fine

processes the pointed tips of which are directed at slightly different

angles; those seen in profile at the margin of the lamina form a

regular series of very fine teeth. In each interval between the

“ Sageblatter’’ there is a denser transverse band, the presence

of which, at regular intervals of about 10 to 12, gives to the distal

portion of the shaft of the seta a transversely striated appearance,

which is well seen even under low magnification (about 50) and

forms a very striking feature of the notopodial sete of A. loveni

(Fig. 3). Kinberg has clearly indicated the transverse striation

in his figure (le, s.) of a seta.

The well-marked striation and the high degree of development of

the crests are two:characteristic features by which the notopodial

setz of this species may be readily distinguished from those of any

other species of Arenicola.

Crotchets from the nineteenth neuropodium of the type specimen

are about ‘75 mm. long (Text-Fig. II., A). The distal end of the

crotchet does not bear teeth behind the rostrum, and there is a wide

angle—about 130°—between the rostrum and the shaft. Both these

10 Annals of the South African Museum.

features are characteristic of the late growth phases of the crotchets

of Arenicola. The crotchets (Text-Fig. II., B) of one of the Saldanha

specimens were also examined and compared directly with those of

the type specimen with which they closely agree, the only difference

being that, in the former, the angle between the rostrum and shaft

is a little wider.

It is so constantly the case in all species of Arenicola, that the

crotchets present in the same neuropodium are practically uniform

A. B

5 x0

Text-Ficure II.

Arenicola loveni. Two neuropodial crotchets, A from the type specimen, B from a

Saldanha specimen. x 110.

in build, that the occurrence of an instance to the contrary is worthy

of note. In the fifteenth neuropodium of one of the Saldanha speci-

mens there are 115 crotchets, among which is one differing from

the rest in its more slender form; it is of the same length and

curvature as its fellows, but is only about 28, in diameter in the

middle of its shaft, whereas the corresponding portion of the neigh-

The Arenicolide of South Africa. 11

bouring crotchets is 43 » in diameter. This slender crotchet and the

next one to it are drawn in Text-Fig. III. They are from near the

middle of the neuropodium, and the rostrum of the stouter one is

rather worn away at its tip.

The crotchets of A. loveni are intermediate in their characters

between those of large examples of A. marina and A. cristata, but

more nearly approach the latter.

6. x 10

Text-FicureE III.

Arenicola loveni. Two adjacent crotchets from a Saldanha specimen. The left

one is abnormally slender. x 110.

GILLS.

There are in each specimen thirteen pairs of gills, the first pair

being situated on the seventh segment. In all the specimens the

first gill is small, in one of the Saldanha examples the first left gill

is represented by a minute tri-lobed tubercle. The successive gills

increase gradually in size up to about the tenth, which is usually the

largest ; the last gill is distinctly smaller than the preceding one.

12 Annals of the South African Musewm.

In those specimens in which the gills are well expanded they are

seen to be of the pinnate type, as is clearly indicated in Kinberg’s

figures la, lr. The larger gills of the type specimen consist of

sixteen to twenty axes on each of which lateral branches are borne.

The longest axes of the middle gills are 7 mm. in length and bear

about sixteen branches on each side. The gills of the Saldanha

specimens are of exactly the same type. The ninth right gill of

one of them was examined in detail; it consists of nineteen axes

connected by a short common basal piece less than 2 mm. in

length; there is not a well-marked web-like membrane between

the bases of the gill axes of this species, such as is often present

in large Laminarian specimens of A. marina. The longest axis

of this gill is about 7 mm. in length, and bears on each side fifteen

branches ; the shortest axis is rather less than 3 mm. in length, and

has six pairs of lateral branches.* The lateral branches, though

often opposite or paired, are not always so arranged ; on some axes

or on some portion of certain axes they are alternate. The sub-

sequent branching of the lateral twigs is either dichotomous, or,

especially in the larger ones, approximately pinnate.

INTERNAL OrcGans. (Fig. 5.)

The internal organs of the type specimen and of two of the

Saldanha examples have been examined.

Septa and Muscles.

The three septa, present in all known species of Arenivola, are

found in A. loveni in the usual positions, namely, at the anterior end

of the first, third, and fourth chetigerous segments.

The strong first septum (S’) bears two enormous, backwardly

directed pouches (S.P.), much larger than those of any other

species. In the three specimens examined these pouches are 25

to 26 mm. long; they are about 3°5 mm. in diameter in front, but

taper gradually towards their blunt posterior ends. The wall of the

pouch consists of four layers; externally and internally there is a

very thin film of ccelomic epithelium, between which are two series

of muscles. The outer layer of muscles is about °5 mm. thick and

its fibres are chiefly circular in direction; the inner one consists of

series of stout longitudinal bands, similar to those seen in sections

of the body wall, which project into the lumen of the pouch, and,

* A gill axis, intermediate between these in length and number of branches,

is seen in Fig. 2.

The Arenicolide of South Africa. 13

indeed, almost obliterate it. The arrangement of the muscles of

the wall suggests that the pouch is capable of considerable dilatation.

In the intervals between the longitudinal muscle bands there are

three large blood-vessels which give off branches, the coelomic

epithelial covering of which is composed of cubical or oblong cells

containing granules, some of which appear to be yellow and

suggestive of chlorogogen granules. The lumen of the pouch

opens into the most anterior division of the ccelom in front

of the first septum; the aperture is not a simple pore, but is

crossed by a number of muscle fibres. The pouches pass back-

wards through the second septum and extend as far as the third

one, immediately in front of which their blind ends lie and are

generally directed laterally. The enormous size of these septal

pouches is the most striking feature of the internal anatomy of

this species, and may be given as the principal internal diagnostic

character. Comparison with the*conditions seen in the other

species of Arenicola will render this obvious. Septal pouches are

not present in A. claparedii and assimilis, those of A. maria and

glacialis are small, conical or thumb-shaped structures only 2 to

3 mm. long; in A. ecaudata and grubw the pouches are finger-like

and about 5 to 8 mm. in length, those of the A. cristata are

usually of similar shape and length, but in large American ex-

amples they attain a length of 13 mm. The septal pouches of

A. loveni are thus twice as large as the largest hitherto found

in any other species of Arenzcola, and, as already stated, they pass

through the second septum and extend backwards to the third,

whereas, in all other species, even in large examples of A. cristata,

the pouches never perforate the second septum, but lie entirely

in front of it. The function of the septal pouches is unknown,

but it has been suggested that they aid in the eversion of the

‘« proboscis.”

The powerful retractor muscles of the pharynx (PH.R.) pierce the

first septum ; they arise from the body wall a short distance anterior

to the level of the second cheetigerous annulus.

The second septum (S?) is thin, and, in each of the specimens

examined, is pierced by two apertures of considerable size, one to

the right and the other to the left of the cesophagus. These two

apertures permit the passage backwards of the two septal pouches.

The third septum (S) is well developed. In one of the Saldanha

specimens, in which it has been examined in detail, this septum is

marked on its anterior face with small brown or black spots, each

due to the presence of excretory granules in certain groups of cells.

14 Annals of the South African Museum.

On its posterior face the septum bears numerous slender branching

vessels, 30 to 40 x in diameter, covered wholly or partly with chloro-

gogenous tissue. The ultimate branches of the blood-vessels end

blindly. The septum is apparently perforated, like that of A. marina,

but the apertures are difficult to see as they are masked by the felt-

work of blood-vessels above described.

The setal musculature is of the usual type, except that the three

anterior notopodia have either no retractor or only a very short one,

2 mm. or so in length, which arises from the body wall just ventral

to the notopodium. Some of the other notopodia also have a similar

short retractor instead of the usual long retractor strand inserted at

the side of the nerve cord.

The strap-like oblique muscles (M.Os.), which arise at the sides

of the nerve cord and are inserted about the level of the upper end

of the neuropodia, commence in the Saldanha specimens immediately

behind the third septum ; in the type specimens the most anterior

oblique muscles are in the fourth chetigerous annulus.

Alimentary Canal.

The alimentary canal presents the usual regions—pharynx (Pu.),

cesophagus, stomach (Sr.) and intestine. On the posterior portion

of the cesophagus there are two cesophageal glands (di.Gu.) more

or less conical in shape; in the type specimen they are almost

heart-shaped, but in the Saldanha examples they are more elongate

cones. In the three specimens examined these glandular ceca are

10 to 11:5 mm. long; they open into the posterior portion of the

cesophagus by a tubular stalk about 2 mm. in diameter.

Vascular System.

The pair of hearts (H.) and the vascular system need not be

described in detail, they are on the same plan as the hearts and

vessels of A. marina. The first vessel from the gills opening into

the dorsal vessel is found in the twelfth segment, that is, the first

five gills return blood to the sub-intestinal vessel, the other eight to

the dorsal vessel; in A. marina the efferent vessels of the first six

gills open into the sub-intestinal vessel and of the last seven gills

into the dorsal vessel.

Nephridia.

’ Five pairs of nephridia are present, opening on the fifth to the

ninth segments. The nephridium is built on the same plan as that

of A. marina. The dorsal lip of the funnel is fringed with thirty

The Arenicolide of South Africa. 15

to forty triangular processes ; each of these is attached by its narrower

end and its broader distal margin is subdivided into six to eight

rounded lobes. The ventral lip may be slightly folded but is not

frilled or ridged, and is not indented. All the nephridia are about

the same size, that is, the first and last do not show any signs of

being in process of reduction.

Gonads.

The gonad is microscopic, as in A. marina, and the stages of

growth of the reproductive cells found in the cclomic fluid are

similar to those seen in the ceelom of A. marina.

Central Nervous System and Statocysts.

The brain and nerve cord are apparently similar to those of

A, marina, but, as material suitably preserved for histological work

is not available, they have not been studied in detail. Giant nerve

fibres are present in the nerve cord, as in all other species of

Arenicola, except A. claparedit.

A statocyst was found on each side of the type specimen, con-

nected to the body wall by a strand of tissue, but it could not be

definitely ascertained whether this was a solid cord of nerve and

connective tissue or whether it contained a narrow tubular structure.

The former seemed more probable, as careful search failed to reveal

any external aperture at or near the point where the tissue strand

meets the body wall. When the Saldanha specimens came into my

hands serial sections were made of a statocyst and the adjacent body

wall of one of them, which definitely prove that the vesicle has no

opening to the exterior (Fig. 6). The three diameters of the lumen

of this statocyst are °22, 2, and 15 mm. respectively. The walls of

the organ are thick, they average about ‘O07 mm. in thickness. Hach

statocyst contains a single round or oval statolith, two * diameters

of the one in the serial sections are ‘088 and ‘075 mm. respectively.

REMARKS ON SPECIMENS OF ARENICOLA LOVENI

FROM FALSE BAY.

The two specimens found cast up dead on the shore of False Bay,

after a storm, are in bad condition; the body wall has a leathery

* The third diameter cannot be accurately ascertained.

16 Annals of the South African Museum.

consistency, and is thickly encrusted with sand-grains. The speci-

mens are 360 mm. (of which the tail is 1835 mm.) and 250 mm. (of

which the tail forms 90 mm.) long respectively, and about 12 mm.

in diameter at their widest part; that is, they are more slender than

the specimens already described. The tail segments are very

numerous, namely, about 205 and 186 respectively. The outlines

of the prostomium are not well shown, but the other external features

—the annulation, the parapodia, the number and position of the

nephridiopores, the number and nature of the gills, the characters of

the notopodial setze—are sufficiently well preserved to permit their

agreement with those of the specimens described in the preceding

pages to be certainly ascertained. The capillary sete in particular

present the well-marked striation and “ Sageblatter ’’ characteristic

of A. loven. The larger specimen was examined internally, and

found to possess the two enormous septal pouches diagnostic of

A, lovent. This being sufficient, with the external features already

noticed, to fully determine the species, an examination of the

remaining organs, which are in defective condition, was not

attempted.

DIAGNOSIS OF ARENICOLA LOVENI KINBERG.

The characters of this species may be given thus: Caudate Arenz-

cola with nineteen cheetigerous segments ; thirteen pairs of gills, the

first gill on the seventh segment, gills large and pinnate ; the median

lobe of the prostomium is large, the smaller lateral lobes are of

almost uniform width, z.e., they are not dilated or lobate at their

anterior ends ; neuropodia are clearly visible on each segment, those

of the branchial and of the two pre-branchial segments are long

dorso-ventrally and almost reach the mid-ventral line; each noto-

podial seta bears numerous finely toothed crests or ‘‘ Sageblitter ”’

at regular intervals along the distal third of the shaft, this part of

the seta has a transversely striated appearance, as seen under low

magnification ; five pairs of nephridia which open on the fifth to the

ninth segments; one pair of cesophageal glands, conical in shape;

two enormous muscular pouches project backwards from the first

septum, pass through apertures in the second septum, and terminate

immediately in front of the third septum; a pair of closed, oval

statocysts, each containing a single large, oval, secreted statolith.

Type Specimen in the Riksmuseum, Stockholm.—The type speci-

men was collected at Port Natal, Durban. The species is now

The Arenicolide of South Africa. Pi

recorded from Saldanha Bay and False Bay, collected by Professor

J. D. F. Gilchrist. These are the only records of the capture of

this species.

AFFINITIES OF ARENICOLA LOVENI KINBERG.

The affinities of this species with other caudate species of the

genus may now be determined. There are so few features in which

A. lovent agrees with A. claparedit Levinsen, A. assimilis Ehlers

(and its variety affinis Ashworth), and A. glactalis Murdoch, that we

may conclude that Kinberg’s species is not nearly related to any of

these. A. lovent has certain features in common with A. marina

(Linneeus) and 4A. cristata Stimpson, for instance, elongate neuro-

podia and a single pair of cesophageal glands; in these three species

a pinnate type of gill occurs, though in most examples of A. marina

—that is, in the littoral variety—the gill is bushy, the pinnate type

of gill being found only in examples from the lower tidal zone—that

is, in the Laminarian variety. A. lovent and A. marina also agree in

regard to the number of their segments and gills, but they differ in

the number of their nephridia and the nature of their septal pouches,

statocysts and statoliths. Important points of agreement (besides

those named above) between A. lovent and A. cristata are presented

by their closed statocyst and single statolith, and by their pro-

stomium; moreover, the septal pouches of A. cristata, while not

nearly so large as those of A. /ovent, more nearly approach the latter

in size than do those of any other species. In the characters of its

sets, both notopodial and neuropodial, A. loveni presents a closer

approach to A. cristata than to any other species. The chief

differences between A. loveni and A. cristata are in regard to the

number of segments (nineteen and seventeen respectively), gills

(thirteen and eleven pairs respectively), and nephridia (five and six

pairs respectively).

The systematic position of A. lovent may be stated thus: There is

no affinity, beyond a generic one, between A. loveni and A. claparedii,

assimilis and glacialis. In its general external appearance A. loveni

most nearly resembles the large Laminarian examples of A. marina,

but in its prostomium and sets and in some of its internal organs,

especially its septal pouches and statocysts, it departs markedly

from A. marina and much more nearly approaches A. cristata, from

which it differs chiefly in the number of its segments and gills. These

facts indicate that the affinities of A. lovent lie between A. marina

and A. cristata, but more closely to the latter than to the former.

18 Annals of the South African Museum.

ARENICOLA ASSIMILIS EHLERS * Var. AFFINIS

ASH WORTH.+

The specimens collected at Liideritzbucht (Angra Pequefia) and

Table Bay belong to this species and variety, which has not hitherto

been recorded from South Africa.

OcCcURRENCE.

Professor Gilchrist found these worms abundant, but only at one

place, at Liideritzbucht, between the town and Shark’s Island. They

are not common in Table Bay and seem to occur chiefly in the area

uncovered only at very low tide. (Extract from Professor Gilchrist’s

letter, dated October 11, 1910, sent with the specimens.)

SIZE.

About a score of specimens from Liideritzbucht and three from

Table Bay have been examined. Most of them range in length

from 60 to 85 mm., of which the tail forms 20 to 35 mm. ; three are

smaller and three are longer, the longest is 160 mm. (tail 85 mm.).

The larger worms are about 11 mm. in diameter at their widest

‘point, that is, about the fourth segment.

CoLour.

All the specimens are now brown, for the most part light brown,

in colour. Professor Gilchrist tells me that those obtained in Table

Bay were of a striking yellow colour when alive.

EXTERNAL FEATURES.

The prostomium has the form typical of A. assimilis, that is, the

lateral lobes are in the form of a V, the limbs of which are of

uniform width, 7.e., not dilated or lobate anteriorly, though they may

be curved (as in Text-Fig. V.). The extent of the protrusion of the

prostomium varies in different specimens; in most cases the pros-

tomium is seen as represented in Text-Fig. IV., in a few it is

more fully extended or protruded, approaching the condition shown

in Text-Fig. V. The transverse diameter of the prostomium is

* « Polychaeten’’ p. 104, in Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise, Ham-

burg, 1897; see also Festschr. K. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, p. 178, 1901.

+ Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci., vol. 46, pp. 737-785, 1903. The only differences

between 4. assimilis and its var. affinis are that the former has twenty chetigerous

segments and the first gill on the eighth segment, while in the variety there are only

nineteen cheetigerous segments, and the first gill is on the seventh.

The Arenicolide of South Africa, 19

about 2mm. Posteriorly and laterally the prostomium is bounded

by the nuchal organ.

Each of the specimens has nineteen chetigerous segments. The

neuropodia of the branchial region form oval or nearly semicircular

pads on the lateral region of the segment, but neither the muscular

ridge nor the groove, or sac, which contains the crotchets, ap-

proaches the mid-ventral line. Short neuropodia of this type are

found only in the species A. assinuilis and A. claparedi Levinsen.

The set of this species do not present any striking features such

fcc

het

Lame TS ue

0 We BY

PiisipNNNNS> > fz

‘i ia pss : j agen aS \\

ie i i Gece aie or \|!

Ae Ls ace GaMMAMNNAREE A

Text-FicureE IV. Trxt-F1GURE V.

Arenicola assimilis. Anterior end, Arenicola assimilis var. affinis. An-

dorsal aspect, of a specimen from terior end, dorsal aspect, of a specimen

Uschuaia, Beagle Channel. The pro- from the Falkland Islands. The pro-

stomium is shown ina state of normal stomium is shown protruded to its

extension. x 6. fullest extent. x 6.

L. Lateral lobe of prostomium. M. Median lobe. N*. First notopodium.

P. Median posterior portion of prostomium. Pu. Pharynx. S. Aperture of stato-

cyst (which is shown too large in the figure).

as those met with in A. loveni. The notopodial and neuropodial

setz are similar to those of A. marina.

All the specimens from Liideritzbucht have the full complement

of gills, namely, thirteen pairs. The first gill is borne on the seventh

segment and is invariably of moderate or large size. In the

examples from Table Bay, the first gill exhibits very marked re-

20 Annals of the South African Museum.

duction ; in fact, in two of the specimens the first pair of gills is

wanting, and in the third the first right gill is absent and the first

left one minute. The longer axes of the middle gills are about

2°5 mm, in length. The gills are of the pinnate type.

A striking feature of all the specimens is the presence of only five

pairs of nephridiopores, which are situated on the fifth to the ninth

segments inclusive. I have previously examined more than twenty

specimens of this species from the Falkland Islands, South America,

Tasmania, and New Zealand, in all of which, except two, six pairs

of complete nephridia are present; though in several cases the first

pair is smaller than any of the others. In one of the two specimens

just mentioned, the first nephridium of one side is complete, but that

of the other side has no funnel, and in the other example the first

left nephridium is wanting and the first right one is represented only

by its terminal vesicle. The specimens from Liideritzbucht and

Table Bay illustrate a further step in the reduction, for none of

them possesses a nephridiopore on the fourth segment. The apertures

of the other nephridia, on the fifth to the ninth segments, are readily

seen in these specimens, which have been killed in an expanded

condition, so that the absence of pores on the fourth segment is

ascertainable with certainty. Dissection of two specimens from

Liideritzbucht and one from Table Bay confirms the absence of

nephridia from the fourth segment.

There are comparatively few segments—about ten to sixteen—in

the tail, and they are only feebly marked off from each other

externally. The tail is less muscular than that of A. loveni.

INTERNAL ORGANS.

These need not be described in detail here,* but reference may be

made to a few outstanding features. The three septa are present

as in other species of Avenicola, at the anterior end of the first,

third, and fourth cheetigerous segments. Septal pouches are not

present in this species.

Oblique muscles are present from the first or second chetigerous

annulus to the end of the tail.

There are several glands on each side of the posterior portion of

the cesophagus, namely, a long anterior one, and usually seven or

eight smaller behind this, but one specimen has a long and fifteen

short ceeca on each side.

* An account of the anatomy of 4. assimilis, by the present writer, will be found

in Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci., vol. 46, pp. 740-759, 1903.

The Arenicolide of South Africa. 21

The vascular system is practically identical with that of

A. marina.

The margin of the ventral lip of each nephridial funnel is frilled

and its internal face marked with ridges which converge towards the

bottom of the funnel. This condition of the ventral lip is so con-

stantly met with in this species that it may be looked upon as

specific. The dorsal lip bears the usual fringe of triangular,

vascular, ciliated processes.

The gonads are small, as in A. marina.

The brain and nerve cord are similar to those of A. marina.

Statocysts are present and may be found in dissections of the

anterior end. They are situated nearer to the brain than in 4.

marina. Each statocyst opens to the exterior but the pore is very

difficult to find,* it is situated just under the extreme antero-lateral

margin of the prostomium. In nearly all preserved specimens the

peristomial region is contracted, and the pore, which lies at the

bottom of a groove, is not visible. In well-extended specimens

the small aperture will be found in the position indicated in Text-

ies Vics 35.

The statocysts are large ; in a specimen about 70 mm. long their

three diameters are about ‘2 mm.,‘18 mm., and:15 mm. respectively.

From each vesicle a moderately wide tube passes out laterally and

turns forwards to open externally near the lateral margin of the

prostomium, as described above. Each statocyst contains about a

score of statoliths, which consist, for the most part, of sand-grains

together with a few fragments of sponge spicules. The statoliths in

this specimen are practically naked. The peristomial wall of another

specimen was stained, cleared, and examined as a whole mount ;

each of the sand-grains and spicule-fragments in this statocyst has

received a thick chitinoid envelope, secreted by the gland cells in the

wall of the statocyst, so that the resultant statoliths have rounded

outlines. In the former specimen the canal of the statocyst is

widely open throughout its length, so that the cavity of the

statocyst is in free communication with the exterior; in the latter

specimen the passage is occluded at one or more points, and closure

of the statocyst has thus been brought about—a condition invariably

found to be correlated with the presence of coated statoliths such as

those above described.

* A binocular dissecting microscope is almost indispensable for making exami-

nations for the openings of the statocysts and nephridia and other minute

features.

Annals of the South African Museum.

REMARKS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARENICOLA

ASSIMILIS.

Arenicola assimilis, in the wide sense, that is, including the

variety affinis, is evidently the characteristic species of the southern

regions. Typical examples have been recorded from Punta Arenas

(Strait of Magellan), Uschuaia (Beagle Channel), and South Georgia.

Kixamples referable to the variety a/ffinis are known from Uschuaia

(a gill-less post-larval specimen), Lapataia Nueva (Beagle Channel),

Susanna Cove (Strait of Magellan), the Falkland Islands, Kerguelen,

Macquarie Island, Campbell Island, Stewart Island, and Otago

Harbour (New Zealand). The most northerly station from which

this species has hitherto been recorded is the last named, which is

in about 46° S. latitude. I have recently received, from Professor

H. B. Kirk, two specimens from Plimmerton, near Wellington, about

41° S., which shows that A. assimilis var. affinis extends into the

North Island of New Zealand. Professor W. A. Haswell has sent

me a few specimens from Burnie, on the north coast of Tasmania

(also about 41° 8.) which belong to the same species and variety.

This is the first record of Arenicola assimilis from the Australian

sub-region. The examples from Liideritzbucht and Table Bay not

only extend the records to the coast of Africa but to a latitude

considerably further north than any previous record, Table Bay

being in latitude 34° S., and Liideritzbucht in 26° 40’ S. (ap-

proximately).

In 2 recent publication* I directed attention to the distribution of

A. assimilis as supporting the view that there was formerly a more

extensive Antarctic continent. The distribution of this species of

Arenicola presents, in fact, a remarkable parallel to that of certain

Oligochetes. Mr. Beddard} pointed out that the characteristic

earthworms of New Zealand are Acanthodrilide, that the same

family is equally characteristic of Patagonia, and that the only

earthworms known from the intervening localities—the Falklands,

South Georgia, Marion and Kerguelen Islands—also belong to this

family. Mr. Beddard regarded these facts as evidence in favour of

a former greater extension northwards of the cireum-polar Antarctic

* «The Annelids of the Family Arenicolide of North and South America . .

in Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 39, pp. 1-32. Washington, 1910.

| Beddard, F. E., ‘* A Monograph of the Order of Oligocheta,’”’ Oxford, 1895,

p. 154. See also, by the same author, ‘‘A Text-Book of Zoogeography,’’ Cam-

bridge, pp. 60 and 170.

The Arenicolide of South Africa. 23

continent,* and he was inclined to believe that this land mass did not

include the Cape of Good Hope.

When the above comments were written a year ago, the species

Arenicola assimilis was not known from South Africa. This

seemed to indicate that the conclusion to which Mr. Beddard

had arrived from a study of the earthworms, namely, that the

Antarctic continent did not include the Cape of Good Hope, was

supported by the distribution of the species of Avrenicola. This

support must, of course, now be withdrawn in view of the finding of

A. assimilis in Table Bay and Liideritzbucht, but the main portion

of the thesis stands, namely, that the distribution of this species is

consonant with the view that there was formerly a large southern

continental mass, with which were connected, possibly at different

periods, Patagonia, South Africa, Tasmania, New Zealand, and the

intermediate islands, which are probably remains of former larger

land areas.

PREVIOUS RECORDS OF ARENICOLA FROM ANGRA

PEQUENA.

Arenicola was recorded from Angra Pequeta by Professor von

Marenzeller,t who referred his specimens to the species A. marina.

Through his kindness I was enabled, two years ago, to examine one

of his specimens, which, unfortunately, was not in good condition

at the anterior end. The outlines of the prostomial lobes were so

badly preserved that this character was not available in diagnosis.

An examination for statocysts was made, as well as could be without

unduly damaging the specimen, but these organs could not be

found although the esophageal connectives were carefully

inspected by means of a binocular dissecting microscope. It was

concluded wrongly, as it now appears, that statocysts were absent.

Other characters exhibited by the specimen, namely, the number of

segments and gills, the short neuropodia, the multiple cesophageal

glands and the absence of septal pouches, showed that the worm

was an example of either A. claparedi or A. assimilis var. affinis.

* Professor Benham has more recently urged that the distribution of the earth-

worm Notiodrilus affords convincing evidence in favour of the former existence of

Antarctica. See Report 9th Meeting Australian Assoc. Ady. Sci., pp. 319-343,

1903 ; and “ The Sub-antarctic Islands of New Zealand,” p. 254, 1909.

+ ‘‘Polychiten der Angra Pequena-Bucht,’? in: Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst.,

Bd. III., p. 12, 1888. This record was repeated by Professor Ehlers in: Denkschr,

Medic.-naturwiss. Ges. Jena, Bd. xiii., pp. 47-50, 1903,

24 Annals of the South African Musewm.

The absence of statocysts seemed to indicate the former species and

the presence of nephridiopores on the fifth to the ninth segments

supported this view. The specimen was therefore referred to the

species A. claparedw,* but in my note-book it was registered as

probably belonging to this species | together with the comment that

further material, in a better state of preservation, was required in

order to permit a satisfactory determination.

When Professor Gilchrist’s specimens from Liideritzbucht came

into my hands it was at once noticed that their prostomium was

identical with that of A. assimilis, and an internal examination

proved, among other things, the presence of statocysts close to the

brain. It immediately occurred to me that my diagnosis of

Professor von Marenzeller’s specimen might be erroneous. This

diagnosis rested almost entirely on two points, namely, that

statocysts could not be found and that nephridial openings were

present: only on the fifth to the ninth segments. The search for

statocysts in preserved material is seldom easy, but it was attended

with unusual difficulty in that specimen, which had been more than

twenty years in alcohol and was not in good condition, so that the

possibility of having overlooked these organs was fully realised.

The specimens recently examined from Liideritzbucht, undoubtedly

examples of A. assimilis var. affinis, are peculiar in that all have

their nephridial apertures in the fifth to the ninth segments, that is,

on the same segments as in A. claparediz, and not on the fourth to

the ninth segments, as is usual in examples of A. assimilis from

other parts of the world. Such a local variation was not foreseen

or allowed for. The finding of this variation, which renders the

number of nephridiopores unreliable as a distinguishing character

between A. claparedui and A. assimilis, indicated that my provisional

diagnosis, made two years ago, rested on a very insecure basis: it

depended entirely on whether the absence of statocysts could be

regarded as proved satisfactorily. In order to remove the un-

certainty I applied to Herr Regierungsrat Ganglbauer, Director of

* Ashworth, J. H., ‘‘ Die Avenicoliden-Sammlung im Konigl. Zoologischen

Museum in Berlin,” in: Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, Bd. IV., p. 351, 1910.

+ When the examination was made the difference in the form,of the neuropodial

crotchets of A. claparedii and A. assimilis had not been fully recognised and shown

to be constant. During the past few months I have examined many series of setie

from both these species and have found that, especially in the case of small or

medium-sized specimens, the crotchets usually afford considerable help in

differentiating these two species. The crotchets of A. cluparedii are dilated near

the distal end so as to resemble the head of a swan, whereas the crotchets of

A, assimilis do not exhibit such a dilatation.

The Arenicolide of South Africa. 25

the Zoological Department of the Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum in

Vienna, for the loan of the specimen from Angra Pequeiia, and beg

to thank him for sending it to me. I have thoroughly re-examined

this example in the light of recent extensive experience of the two

species above named and do not hesitate to state that it is not an

example of A. claparedii but of A. assimilis var. affinis. The dorsal

region of the cesophageal connectives was very carefully examined

with the binocular microscope with the result that no trace of

a statocyst could be seen on one side, and on the other its presence

was doubtful. A stained and cleared preparation of the peristomial

wall, examined with a higher magnification, shows, however, that a

statocyst is present, although it is imperfect and recognisable only

with great difficulty. Partial maceration of the anterior end has

resulted in the disappearance of a portion of the wall of the vesicle,

permitting the statoliths to fall out; the remaining portions of the

wall, the cells of which are in a loosely attached condition, stain

unsatisfactorily, and are easily overlooked. The presence of

nineteen chetigerous segments, thirteen pairs of gills, short

neuropodia, multiple cesophageal glands, and the absence of septal

pouches are characters shared only by A. claparedii and A. assimilis

var. afjinis. The presence of statocysts shows that the worm must

be referred to the latter, for A. claparedit does not possess these

organs. An examination of the crotchets * confirms this diagnosis.

The records from Angra Pequefia of A. marina by Professor von

Marenzeller and of A. claparedii by the writer must therefore be

transferred to A. assimilis var. affinis.

THE UNIVERSITY oF EDINBURGH.

December 22, 1910.

* See footnote p. 24.

( 26 )

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES OF ARENICOLA

LOVENI KINBERG.

Paya legs

Fia.

1. The prostomium of the type specimen. Dorsal aspect. N.Gr. Nuchal groove.

x 10. For description, see p. 5.

2. The posterior end of the body and the first three tail segments of the type

specimen, seen from the right side, showing: A portion of the nineteenth

segment, namely, the nineteenth chetigerous annulus, with its neuro-

podium (Nr.'9), notopodium (N."), and gill (Br."3), and the following

ring; the extra, twentieth, segment and notopodium (N.”) which this

specimen possesses; the pit (P.), possibly sensory. The ventral axis

of the gill (Br."3) is represented, but only the origins of the other axes

are shown. x 5. For further description, see pp. 6, 7.

3. Distal third of one of the shorter notopodial sete from a Saldanha specimen,

showing the ‘ teeth,” the transverse striation, and the lamina. x 90.

A portion, from the part marked +, is seen highly magnified in Fig. 4.

4. A portion of a notopodal seta, showing the toothed crests or ‘‘ Sageblatter.”’

x 1000. For descriptions of Figs. 3 and 4, see pp. 8, 9.

5. The anterior portion of the type specimen, as far back as the sixth chetigerous

segment, opened by an incision along the mid-dorsal line. The figure,

which is natural size, shows: The pharynx (PuH.) protruded, the pro-

stomium (Pr.) and its retractor muscles, the three septa (S", S*, $3). The

first septum is pulled backwards, it is pierced by some of the retractors.

(Pu.R.) of the pharynx, and bears the two enormous, muscular, septal

pouches (S.P.). The second septum is perforated by two apertures—one

right and one left of the esophagus—to permit the passage of the septal

pouches. Close behind the third septum are the csophageal glands

(Gi.Gu.) and the two hearts (H.), which are dilated, the right one fully.

The first (NpH'.) and second pairs of nephridia are shown. D.V. Dorsal

blood vessel. M.Os. Oblique muscle band. Nt". Sete of first notopodium.

N3, Setal sac of third notopodium, with its protactor muscles. Sr.

Stomach. For further description, see pp. 12-14.

6. Section of a statocyst of a Saldanha specimen (see p. 15). The epithelium,

which forms the wall of the vesicle, is not well preserved, but several

sense cells (S.C.) may be recognised in it. Note also the single large

statolith and the strand (Nv.) of nerve and connective tissue continuous

with the sheath of similar nature which envelops the vesicle. x 110.

* The cost of the original drawings for this Plate, and a portion of the other

expenses connected with the preparation of the report, have been defrayed by a

grant from the Earl of Moray Endowment of the University of Edinburgh.

Ann. S. Afr Mus. Vol. XI. Pi

ial

Brny

4. x 1000 : Gi hit > rT \ mT Wy TY

JHAand AKM. del MeFarisne e Beakine Ten Fan

(27)

CONTENTS.

HO CINCO Mea Race ee araainsiee Sec cute aa Gueoass ac inces Gace ee eee

Arenicola lovent Kinberg—

ElnstonicalAe COUNG! Fc. vadey ssn notneiascemnsseee! Be xe

Occurrence poiZe uO OlouLssases< ses enes <nteorns eee

SATO 1 O ETUULIT ere eee ete eee cians cc oS sd. coals South cle Gok eee

Segmentation and Parapodia; Sete; Gills..................

Internal Organs—

Septa and Muscles; Alimentary Canal; Vascular

System; Nephridia; Gonads; Central Nervous

SVSLEMaMGmoabOCySts | ........d8esnss.saceene eee eee

Remarks on Specimens of Avenicola lovent from False Bay ...

Diagnosis of Arenicola loveni Kinberg .............0-..0006 . caenee

Afunities of Aremicola tovent Kinberg ....:...22-....c0..0..0eae

Arenicola assimilis Ehlers, var. affinis Ashworth..................

Remarks on the Distribution of Arenicola assimilis ............

Previous Records of Arenicola from Angra Pequenia ............

DESCRIP MOUOl late mentee mess bcec 2 -..a0hre « cates tite ee eee

( 29 )

2.—Descriptions of Fishes trom the Coast of Natal (Part III.).* By

J. D. F. Grucurist, M.A., D.Sc., Pa.D., and W. WarDLAW

THomeson, F.Z.S.

THE following is a further contribution to the description’ of

a collection of fishes from Natal. It will be seen that, as in

the previous papers, the older classification and some of the

older names are retained for local convenience and easy com-

parison with such readily accessible works of reference as Day’s

“ Hishes of India.”

Faminy PERCIDA.

Gen. LUTIANUS, Bloch.

LUTIANUS ERYTHROPTERUS, BI.

Teeth ; a canine on each side of premaxillary, an outer row of

curved canine-like teeth on either jaw, a triangular patch of villiform

teeth on vomer, a narrow bandon palatines, none on tongue. Depth

of body 2} times in total length excluding caudal, length of head —

3 times. Snout twice diameter of eye, which is 1+ times in inter-

orbital width and 4? times in length of head; maxillary reaches to

vertical of posterior nostril; preoperculum with a shallow emargina-

tion on lower part of vertical limb, which is finely serrated,

the serre being slightly coarser at angle and extending a short

distance along its horizontal border; scales on cheeks and

opercles.

Dorsal xi 14, moderately strong; the 1st spine very short, 4th

spine longest and nearly $ length of head, from the 4th to the last

the spines are slightly lower ; soft portion of fin higher than spinous,

* Parts I. and II. have appeared in Vol. VI.

30 Annals of the South African Museum.

5th to 10th rays longest and 14 times height of longest spine, their

height nearly equalling base of soft portion of fin. Pectorals a little

more than + length of head, reaching the vent. Ventrals a little

more than ,/, length of head, the spine as long as 3rd spine of dorsal

fin, Anal iii 9, 2nd spine strongest and not quite as high as 3rd,

which is # the height of 4th spine of dorsal. Caudal truncate and

about same length as ventral fin. Scales ciliated, in somewhat

bent rows going diagonally upwards and forwards; extending over

base of dorsal fin, reaching higher on soft rays than on spines

and equally developed over bases of anal and caudal fins. Lat. 1. 55,

Jat: tre 34:

Colour when fresh, pinkish with wavy darker stripes; blackish on

top of head. In preservative the colour is silvery, with about

8 irregular dark longitudinal lines; blackish on top of head and with

a black patch above and on sides of tail; ventrals blackish, dorsal

and anal with a dark shade.

One specimen, 185 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal, who describes it as having been caught in Durban Bay, and

kindly furnishes a note of the colour when alive.

LUTIANUS LINEATUS, Q. and G.

Teeth villiform, strong slightly curved anterior canines on upper

jaw, smaller ones laterally on lower; a curved band on vomer, a

band on palatines, an oval patch of minute teeth on tongue. Depth

of body equals length of head and is 2,% times in total length

excluding caudal. Snout 1} times diameter of eye, which is

24 times in interorbital width and 54 times in length of head;

distance between eye and upper edge of maxilla 11 times diameter

of eye, maxillary reaches vertical of anterior 3rd of orbit; pre-

operculum serrated, emarginate above angle and with a notch into

which a small interopercular knob is received; operculum with

2 blunt points; 8 series of scales between preorbital and angle of

preoperculum.

Dorsal x 138, spines strong, 4th and 5th longest and + length of

head, the last spine of the fin a little more than + height of longest ;

soft portion of fin lower than spinous, the anterior rays a little

longer than adjacent spine, posterior about ? height of longest spine.

Pectorals $ length of head, falcate. Ventrals 4 length of head.

Anal iii 8, spines strong; 3rd spine longest, } height of soft rays

and ,% height of longest spine of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked.

Scales moderately large on body, covering cheeks and opercles ; an

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 31

irregular oblique patch on each side of nape; base of soft dorsal

and anal covered with smaller scales for about 4 their height, base of

caudal covered with small scales. Lat. 1. 54, lat. tr. <%.

Colour (when fresh), body below lateral line and side of head

salmon-coloured, more gamboge yellow on head and pinkish on

body; above lateral line and on top of head darker and purplish;

dorsal fin dark red, other fins of same colour as body but rather

darker. A

Colour (of preserved specimen), body above lateral line and fins

dark, below lateral line whitish. The oblique rows of scales above

lateral line are marked by white streaks, the rows of scales below

lateral line by a series of horizontal dark streaks,

One specimen, 500 mm. in length, from the Fish Market, Durban,

Natal.

Gen. DIAGRAMMA, Cuv.

DIAGRAMMA GRISEUM, C. and V.

Teeth in jaws villiform, the outer row containing slightly larger

ones. Depth of body nearly 22 times in total length excluding

caudal, length of head a little more than 32 times. Snout 14 times

diameter of eye, which is 4 times in length of head and 1,5, times in

interorbital width. Upper profile of head descends parabolically

from origin of dorsal fin to mouth, with a concave depression above

nostrils ; snout obtuse, lips thick and fleshy, cleft of mouth hori-

zontal; maxillary reaches to vertical of posterior nostril; preoper-

culum slightly emarginate, distinctly serrated, with a rounded angle;

4 or 5 small pores below symphysis of lower jaw. Scales extend

over the head to between the nostrils and laterally over the posterior

portion of the preorbital; cheeks and preoperculum covered with

small scales ; suprascapula serrated.

Dorsal xiii 22, commences above suprascapula and ends above the

middle of the distance between caudal and anal fins ; the length of

the spinous portion is more than that of the soft and the distance of

the last soft ray from the caudal equals that between the Ist and 5th

spines ; spines strong, the 3rd is the longest and is nearly 2 length

of head, the remaining spines successively decreasing ; anterior soft

rays slightly longer than adjacent spine, remainder gradually rising

to height of 3rd spine, the posterior rays decreasing so as to form a

rounded edge to the fin. The spinous portion of the fin moves in a

scaly sheath, which is deeper and more conspicuous below the last

8rd of the fin; the soft rays are covered with scales for about 3 their

32 Annals of the South African Musewm.

height. Pectorals 3, length of head. Ventrals 3 length of head,

not reaching anus. Anal iii 7, 2nd spine stronger and longer than

3rd and 4 length of head; soft rays longest anteriorly and about 4

length of head; the lower half of the fin is covered with small

scales as in the soft dorsal. Caudal emarginate, nearly + length

of head, lower half of the fin with a scaly sheath and the ray

membranes with small scales for # their length. Lat. |. 58,

lat. tr. 23.

Colour (of preserved specimen), brownish grey ; faint narrow longi-

tudinal lines on head from snout and from behind eye to posterior

border of opercle.

One specimen, 370 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal.

Gen. DENTEX, Cuv.

DentTex FILosus, Val.

Teeth, 4 canines on each jaw. Depth of body nearly 22 times in

total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 times. Snout

slightly more than 14 times diameter of eye, which equals the inter-

orbital width and is 3% times in length of head; nape convex,

elevated, the profile from origin of dorsal fin to point of snout

making a long curve ; jaws equal; maxillary reaches to vertical of

anterior margin of eye; height of preorbital about 3 its length and

about ;°. diameter of eye ; 8 series of scales between preorbital and

angle of preoperculum ; opercle with a flat spine. Scales on top of

head extend forward in a curve to nearly the vertical of front margin

of eyes; opercles and cheeks scaled.

Dorsal xii 10; 3rd to 5th spines elongate and produced into a

filament, especially the 3rd, which is 4°, length of head ; soft portion

of fin lower than spinous, the anterior rays # length of head. Pec-

torals nearly as long as head, reaching to anal. Ventrals # length

of head, the rays slightly elongate. Anal ili 8; 2nd spine stronger

than 3rd and about the same height, length of head; soft rays

similar to those of soft dorsal and about the same height. Caudal

slightly more than 4°; length of head, forked ; upper lobe longer than

lower. Lat. 1. 62, lat. tr. =%.

Colour (of preserved specimen), pale reddish tint above, whitish

below; dorsa] fin and margin of caudal lobes tinged with black ;

faint irregular dark patches on back of head and behind soft dorsal.

One specimen, 163 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal.

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 33

Gren. LOBOTES, Cuv.

LOBOTES SURINAMENSIS, C. and Y.

Teeth villiform, with an outer row of slightly enlarged conical

ones. Depth of body 23 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head nearly 3 times. Snout 2,!, times diameter of eye,

which is 23 times in interorbital width and nearly 9 times in length

of head; preoperculum strongly serrated on vertical limb with 1 or

2 spinate teeth at the angle which is rounded and slightly produced

and serrated on lower edge; horizontal limb of preopercle entire

over its anterior portion ; lower jaw projects beyond upper, maxillary

reaches vertical of middle of orbit. Dorsal profile concave on

occiput ; shoulder-bone and bone above axilla serrated.

Dorsal xii 15; spines strong, 6th longest and nearly ? length of

head ; soft portion of fin higher than spinous and about 4 length of

head, with the posterior margin acutely rounded. Pectorals a little

more than 4 length of head. Ventrals * length of head, not reach-

ing anus. Anal iii 11; 3rd spine lanceolate in shape, strongest and

longest, nearly ;8, length of head ; soft portion of fin similar to soft

dorsal. Caudal rounded, nearly 2 length of head. Lat. 1. 45, lat.

tr. .°;. Scales on body large, head and cheeks as far as anterior

margin of orbits covered with small scales, snout naked ; a sheath of

small scales on dorsal anal and base of caudal fins, low beneath the

spinous dorsal and broader below the soft dorsal.

Colour (of preserved specimen), light brown, the belly a faint

yellowish tint ; pectorals and ventrals whitish ; a whitish transverse

patch near extremity of caudal.

One specimen, 515 mm. in length, from Tugela River mouth, from

Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, who states that the fish when fresh

caught is silvery like the “ Kabeljaauw.”’

GEN. GERRES, Cuv.

GERRES FILAMENTOSUS, C. and V.

Teeth fine on both jaws. Depth of body 23 times in total length

excluding caudal, length of head 3,%, times. Snout slightly exceeds

diameter of eye, which equals interorbital width and is 34 times in

length of head; maxillary extends to vertical of anterior margin of

eye; preopercle entire, its angle rounded; opercle with a blunt

point.

34 Annals of the South. African Museum.

Dorsal ix 10; 1st spine very short, 2nd produced and nearly

1% times length of head, extending to about posterior extremity of

soft dorsal ; the last 4 spines are shorter than the soft rays, which ante-

riorly are nearly ? length of head and decrease in height posteriorly.

Pectorals 12 times length of head, reaching to anal. Ventrals

$ length of head. Anal iii 7; 2nd spine stronger and about same

length as 3rd, which is 3 length of head. Lat. 1. 45, lat. tr. 5%. A

well-developed scaly sheath at base of dorsal and anal; about

5 rows of scales between lateral line and base of dorsal sheath.

Colour (of preserved specimen), silvery below, darker above ;

extremity of dorsal black edged, tip of caudal lobes dark, minute

dark specks on anal and soft dorsal.

One specimen, 171 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal.

Famity SQUAMIPINNES.

Gen. CHATODON, Lin.

CHZTODON VAGABUNDUS, L.

Teeth fine and brushlike. Depth of body nearly 12 times in total

length excluding caudal, length of head 3} times. Snout 1} times

diameter of eye, which is slightly less than interorbital width and

33 times in length of head. Dorsal profile much elevated and con-

cave from above eyes to snout; lips equal, upper very thick in the

centre; maxillary scarcely reaches vertical of anterior nostril; snout

a little produced and pointed; preopercle scarcely denticulated.

Dorsal xiii 25, commences above base of pectorals, spines strong ;

interspinous membranes deeply notched ; soft portion of fin higher

than spinous and obtusely angular, the middle rays longest. Pec-

torals a little more than 4 length of head. Ventrals + length of

head, scarcely reaching anus, the spine strong. Anal ili 21; 2nd

spine about same length as 3rd but stronger and slightly curved ;

soft portion of fin similar to soft dorsal. Caudal fan-shaped with

slightly curved outer edge. Scales ciliated, entirely covering head.

Colour (of preserved specimen), silvery, a black band about the

diameter of the eye in width passing upwards from angle of inter-

opercle through eye to nape at origin of dorsal fin and descending

thence to angle of interopercle on the other side; a black curved

band from outer edge of last dorsal spine passing along lower half

of soft dorsal across peduncle and on to anal as far as the 12th ray;

Deseriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 35

dorsal and anal fins margined with black, the outer edge of anal

being slightly tipped with white; two black bands on caudal, the

anterior of which is broader and crescent-shaped; about 6 dark

lines passing upwards and backwards from opercle to base of

spinous dorsal, with numerous others passing downwards and

backwards from the lowest of these lines to the belly and anal fin.

_ One specimen, 107 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal, who mentions that when fresh the tail and posterior half of

the body are of an orange colour, and that there are orange stripes

across the snout and above the eye.

Famiry SPARIDA.

Gren. PAGRUS, Cuv.

PAGRUS SPINIFER, Forsk.

Teeth, 4 conical incisors on each jaw, with rounded teeth behind

them; 2 series of rounded molars along the sides of the jaws.

Depth of body 23 times in total length excluding caudal, length of

head 32 times. Snout equals 3 times diameter of eye, which is

12 times in interorbital width and 5 times in length of head. Dorsal

profile elevated, with a protuberance in front of the eyes; maxillary

reaches to vertical of posterior nostril; preorbital deep, nearly twice

diameter of eye in height; 6 or 7 rows of scales between preorbital

and angle of preoperculum; preopercle crenellated at angle and

along lower limb ; operculum with 2 blunt inconspicuous points.

Dorsal xii 10; compressed and flexible, first 2 spines very short,

3rd to 5th spines elongate ; 3rd spine longest and equals length of

head, the interspinous membrane cleft to base of 4th and the mem-

branes between the rest of the spines deeply emarginate. Pectorals

12 times length of head, reaching to posterior 3rd of anal. Ventrals

over + length of head, reaching to anus; the spine nearly 3 length

of longest ray. Anal iii 8; 2nd spine a little stronger and slightly

longer than 3rd and 2? length of head. Caudal emarginate and a

little longer than head. Scales cycloid. Lat, 1. 54, lat. tr. 75.

Colour (of preserved specimen), whitish, a black spot on axil. __

One specimen, 375 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal.

The diameter of the eye is greater in description of P. spinifer

than in this specimen, which is, however, probably larger.

36 Annals of the South African Museum.

Famity COTTIDA.

Gen. PLATYCEPHAULUS, BI. Schn.

PLATYCEPHALUS PUNCTATUS, C. and V.

Teeth in villiform bands on jaws, in two parallel bands on vomer

and a long narrow band on palatines. Depth of body 53 to 64 times

in total length excluding caudal, length of head 34 to 84 times.

Snout 13 times diameter of eye, which is 74 to 8 times in length of

head ; interorbital width slightly concave and about 2 diameter of

eye; width of head between preopercular spines equals # its length;

maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior 4th of eye. Supraorbital

margin with 5 teeth, the ridge from it to the occiput commences

with a strong spine and a group of radiating ridges, with another

spine near the nape; a bony ridge armed with spines passes from

middle of posterior margin of eye to origin of lateral line, the last

spine being long and blade-like ; a strong spine, directed backwards,

a little in advance of upper anterior angle of eye; a short bony

ridge internal to either front nostril; a strong ridge, commencing in

a stellate group of 5 ridges on snout, passes across preorbital armed

with 2 spines and joins a strong spine at angle of preoperculum

beneath the base of which is a smaller flat triangular spine pointing

downwards ; operculum with 2 spines, the lower continued in a bony

ridge to preopercular border; nostrils tubular, the anterior termi-

nating in a flap; a spine above axilla.

Dorsal i, viii 11; spines weak, 3rd spine longest and nearly

4 length of head; soft dorsal lower than spinous. Pectorals a little

more than 4 length of head. Ventrals nearly # length of head,

reaching to 2nd anal ray. Anal 12, commencing below 2nd ray of

soft dorsal and not so high. Caudal truncate, 2 length of head.

Lat. 1. about 80, lat. tr. =; 6 rows of scales between lateral line

and base of spinous dorsal.

Colour (of preserved specimens), light brown above, faint yellow

beneath ; 3 faint brown cross-bands below spinous dorsal; upper

part of body and head sprinkled with small blackish spots which

form irregular transverse lines on all the fins except the ventrals ;

spinous dorsal with a dark upper edge.

Two specimens, 235 mm. and 240 mm. in length respectively,

from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 37

Faminy THUTHIDA.

Gen. TEUTHIS, Lin.

TEUTHIS NEBULOSA (Q. and G.).

Teeth about 12 on either side of each jaw. Depth of body 23 to

21 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head about

4 times. Snout 1+ to nearly 14 times diameter of eye, which is 1 to

1} times in interorbital width and 34 to 32 times in length of head ;

interorbital space flat ; anterior upper edge of orbit prominent and

finely serrated; snout blunt, with broad upper lip; maxillary

reaches vertical of posterior nostril; preopercular angle slightly

produced ; soft portion of cheek about 1 diameter of eye in height

and 14 to 14 times as long as high.

Dorsal xiii 10; spines weak, increasing in length to 4th or 5th,

which is 4 length of head, remainder decreasing to + to + length of

head ; soft rays nearly } length of head. Pectorals about ? length

of head. Ventrals slightly more than # length of head. Anal vii 9;

spines increase in length to 3rd which is nearly as high as longest

spine of soft dorsal, decreasing in length to the last, which is slightly

longer than the diameter of the eye; soft rays similar to soft dorsal.

Caudal deeply emarginate, with pointed lobes, the upper slightly

longer than the lower and about the length of the head; middle

rays of caudal * to 3 length of outer rays of upper lobe. Scales

minute.

Colour (of preserved specimens), brown, slightly marbled ; spinous

dorsal and anal with darker blotches, which in soft dorsal and anal

form irregular lines; shoulder dark, narrow oblique lines passing

upwards from behind ventrals across sides, of a faint white in one

specimen and of an orange tint in the other ; an indistinct light band

on base of caudal.

Two specimens, 163 mm. and 161 mm. in length respectively,

from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.

Famity NANDIDA.

Gen. PLESIOPS, Cuv.

PLESIOPS NIGRICANS, Riipp.

Teeth, villiform on jaws, vomer and palatines, the outer row on

both jaws slightly enlarged. Depth of body 3 times in total length

38 Annals of the South African Museum.

excluding caudal, length of head 2,®, times. Snout equals inter-

orbital and nearly 14 times diameter of eye, which is 51 times in

length of head. Snout somewhat obtuse, jaws about equal ;

maxillary extends to behind posterior margin of orbits ; interorbital

space convex.

Dorsal xii 7; commences above base of pectorals, spines much

shorter than soft rays ; anterior spine lowest, the posterior 23 in

length of head; interspinous membrane extends beyond tips of

spines and is very deeply emarginate, the spines somewhat tuber-

culous. Soft portion of fin lower anteriorly, rising to 5th ray, which

is twice the length of the longest spine. Pectorals nearly 2 length

of head. Ventrals i 4, spine hidden, first 2 rays prolonged, reaching

to origin of anal and about same length as head. Anal iii 8; 3rd

spine longest and about same height as longest spine of dorsal ;

soft portion of fin similar to and about same height as soft dorsal.

Caudal a little more than # length of head, rounded. Scales finely

ciliated in last half of body. There are 27 or 28 pierced scales in

the upper lateral line and 13 or 14 in the lower.

Colour (of preserved specimen), dark greenish brown; a light

patch on preoperculum, operculum and base of pectorals.

One specimen, 190 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal.

Faminy SCIANIDA.

Gren. UMBRINA, Cuv.

UMBRINA ANGUSTILINEATA, 0. Sp.

Teeth villiform in both jaws, a few on anterior portion of pre-

maxillaries slightly larger than the rest. Depth of body 3,4, times

in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3% times; depth of

head equals its length, width of head nearly 4 its length. Eyes

41 times in length of head, a little more than 14 diameters from end

of snout and 1} diameters apart; distance between eye and maxilla

equals + diameter of orbit; snout obtuse, slightly swollen, over-

hanging the jaws; maxillary reaches to vertical of middle of eye;

cleft of mouth lateral, upper jaw overhanging lower; preoperculum

with vertical margin serrated, more coarsely so at angle; two blunt

opercular points. Shoulder-flap serrated; 3 pores in line across

base of snout; a central barbel below symphysis of lower jaw,

nearly + diameter of eye in length and with 2 open pores on each side.

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 39

Dorsal x, i 25 ; spines flexible, 1st minute, 3rd longest and nearly

3 length of head, remainder decreasing rapidly in length, the last

being minute; soft rays about uniform in height, divided, a little

more than 4 length of longest spine and equal to postocular portion

of head. Pectorals as long as head behind anterior 3rd of eyes.

Ventrals 3 length of head, reaching a little more than 2 distance to

base of caudal. Anal ii 7; 2nd spine strong, nearly * length of head

and = height of anterior soft rays; length of base of fin nearly

+ that of soft dorsal. Caudal with straight outer edge, a little more

than 3 length of head. Lat. 1. 52, lat. tr. =. Lateral line becomes

straight above posterior margin of anal, tubes branched. Scales

ctenoid; a band at base of soft dorsal and anal fins.

Colour (of preserved specimen), brown, covered with minute dark

specks ; about 11 sinuous narrow white lines on body passing down-

wards and forwards from behind, 2 or 3 extend on to the head; a

dark spot on opercle; anal with 3 or 4 light blotches on lower half

forming an irregular line.

One specimen, 208 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal.

Faminry CARANGIDA.

Gren. CARANX, Lacép.

CARANX NATALENSIS, 0. sp.

Teeth, in a single series on each jaw with a few irregularly placed

as a second row laterally and a short inner row at symphysis.

Depth of body 2,4, to 3 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 3 to slightly more than 3? times. Snout 1? times

to twice diameter of eye, which is 12 to 1 times interorbital width

and 44 to slightly more than 5 times in length of head; eyes without

adipose lids but with the skin slightly projecting over them; greatest

width of head nearly 4 its length, depth of head nearly # its length ;

maxillary does not reach vertical of anterior margin of eye; depth

of preorbital 2 to about 1 diameter of eye; jaws equal, snout obtuse,

occipital crest well developed. Body oval and compressed, dorsal

and anal profiles equally convex, a slight depression above

nostrils.

Dorsal viii, i 25; spines flexible, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th about equal

and 2 length of head; 2nd dorsal highest anteriorly, lower than

longest spines and about 3} length of head. Anal ii, i 21; similar

40 Annals of the South African Museum.

to soft dorsal. The last ray of soft dorsal and anal slightly elongated.

Pectorals a little longer than head, falciform. Ventrals nearly 4

length of head. Caudal nearly ;*, length of head, deeply forked.

Lateral line forms a low curve to below 12th or 13th ray of dorsal,

the length of curve 14 to 1? times that of the straight portion ;

scutes on straight portion commence below 16th ray of dorsal and

are about 25 in number, becoming most developed on the free

portion of the tail. Lat. 1. se. 105 (circa); a narrow band of fine

seales along base of soft dorsal and anal; scales on chest. Scales

on body ciliated.

Colour (of preserved specimens), uniform yellowish, with a dark

shade along back and a dark blotch on opercles; body and fins

covered with minute dark specks. The smaller specimen is silvery

on the belly.

Two specimens, 194 mm. and 265 mm. in length respectively, the

larger one taken off Umbhloti in 6 fms. ; from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal.

Gren. CHORINEMUS, Cuv. and Val.

CHORINEMUS LYSAN, Forsk.

Teeth, anteriorly in 2 rows, posteriorly in one, on premaxillaries ;

in 2 rows on lower jaw, the outer row directed outwards and

upwards; in a pear-shaped patch, slightly prolonged posteriorly,

on vomer; in a pyriform band, widest anteriorly, on palatines ;

teeth on tongue. Depth of body 3 times in total length excluding

caudal, length of head 44 times; greatest width of head 2.3, times

in its length ; height of head ¢ its length. Snout obtuse; $ diameter

of eye, which equals interorbital width and is 3+ times in length of

head; cleft of mouth deep; maxillary extends to about 4 diameter

of eye beyond orbits and is narrow, uncovered by preorbital from

beneath the first 3rd of the eye and slightly widened and rounded

posteriorly; length of premaxillary 3 that of head. Profile of

head in front of nape slightly concave and swollen in front of

orbits.

Dorsal vii, i 19; anal ii, i 18; anterior rays of both dorsal and

anal elevated, 2 length of head; last 10 rays on each fin semi-

detached, the last ray being a little elongated. Pectorals over

2 length of head. Ventrals nearly 2 length of head. Caudal

1,1, times length of head, the lobes deeply forked. Scales distinct

and lanceolate. Lateral line has a slight angular elevation soon

after its commencement and is slightly wavy.

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 41

Colour (of preserved specimen), dark on back, white below; with

6 irregular dark blotches on the sides, one below lateral line at its

commencement, the others above it.

One specimen, 290 mm. in length, from Durban; from Mr. Romer

Robinson, Natal.

Famiry SCOMBRIDA

Gen. CYBIUM.

CYBIUM LINEOLATUM, C. and V.

Teeth, 16 to 18 on each jaw, triangular and strongly compressed,

the central ones on the mandibles being the stronger; a triangular

pointed patch on vomer, a band on palatines. Depth of body equals

length of head and is 4+ times in total length excluding caudal.

Snout 14 times diameter of eye, which is 1% times in interorbital

width and 4+ times in length of head; jaws about equal; maxillary

reaches to vertical of posterior 3rd of eye and partly concealed by

preorbital ; preoperculum emarginate on its vertical border, with its

lower edge about as long as the vertical.

Dorsal xvi, 16, ix; spines of lst dorsal weak, higher anteriorly

where they are about 4 length of head; soft dorsal higher anteriorly,

a little over 4 length of head and with 9 detached finlets. Pectorals

as long as the head behind middle of eye. Ventrals a little more

than 4 length of pectorals. Anal ii 14, x; similar to soft dorsal and

about the same height, with 10 detached finlets. Caudal deeply

forked, nearly 13 times length of head. Lateral line at first in

upper 4th of body, descends gradually with undulations towards

the end of the soft dorsal fin until it arrives below the 5th finlet,

after which it is nearly straight ; central keel well developed on free

portion of tail.

Colour (of preserved specimen), dark neutral tint on back and

upper part of body, light-coloured on sides and belly; rows of

elongated dark blotches on body, 3 below lateral line like interrupted

lines; spinous dorsal and posterior margin of upper lobe of caudal

black; pectorals, soft dorsal and anal covered with minute dark

specks.

One specimen, 374 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal; said to be common at Durban, where it is netted off the

beach.

42 Annals of the South African Museum.

Puneet LLLD Ag,

Gren. MUGIL, Arted.

MuGIL DIADEMA, N. sp.

(Diamond Mullet.)

Depth of body equals length of head and is 41 times in total

length excluding caudal. Snout 14 times diameter of eye, which

is 23 times in interorbital width and 54 times in length of head;

width of head nearly equals 2 its length. Eye without adipose lid ;

upper profile of head almost straight; interorbital space slightly

convex, its width contained nearly 24 times in length of head ; cleft

of mouth twice as wide as deep, upper lip broad in the centre, lower

jaw with a hollow knob at symphysis which is received into a cor-

responding depression on upper jaw; extremity of maxillary bone

visible, preorbital broad, about $ diameter of eye in width, serrated

at its posterior lower border ; uncovered space below chin long and

lanceolate ; nostrils close together and about midway between eye

and snout; about 20 scales between snout and origin of spinous

dorsal.

Dorsal iv, i8; commences nearer to base of caudal than to point

of snout; spines of 1st dorsal moderately strong, lst spine longest

and % length of head; soft dorsal higher than spinous, anterior rays

somewhat produced and nearly # length of head, posterior border

of fin emarginate, length of base 23 times in longest ray. Pectorals

nearly as long as head. Ventrals + length of head, inserted midway

between base of pectorals and origin of spinous dorsal. Anal ii 9,

similar to soft dorsal but a little higher. Caudal deeply emarginate.

Scales large, extending over upper surface of head to snout; fins

more or less covered with small oblong scales; a very small axillary

scale. Lat. 1. 30 to root of caudal, lat. tr. 12.

Colour (of preserved specimen), grey, dark above light on

abdomen ; thin, dark, hair-like streaks on each scale.

One specimen, 313 mm. in length, from Durban Bay, from Mr.

Romer Robinson, Natal.

It differs from M. ceylonensis, Ginth., in length of pectorals

and soft dorsal, fewer scales in Ll. and maxillary not entirely

hidden; differs from M. Smithti in elongate soft dorsal and anal

which are characteristic of this species among South African

Mullets.

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 43

MuGIL NATALENSIS, Cast.

(Flathead Mullet.)

Depth of body 3,3, times in total length excluding caudal, length

of head 44 times. Snout equals diameter of eye, which is a little

more than 21 times in interorbital width and 4% times in length of

head. Eye with a very narrow posterior adipose lid ; interorbital

space slightly convex and nearly $ length of head; cleft of mouth

twice as broad as deep, maxillary almost entirely concealed ; pre-

orbital strongly serrated ; upper lip thickened in the centre ; nostrils

close together ; uncovered space on chin long and lanceolate ; width

of head equals its length behind the middle of the eye, its height

about the same.

Dorsal iv, i8; commencing midway between base of caudal and

middle of eye, spines moderately strong, lst spine longest, about

3 length of head; soft dorsal emarginate, covered with scales, length

of base about 2 height of anterior rays, which are not quite as

high as longest spine of Ist dorsal. Pectorals % length of head and

situated about the middle of the depth of the body. Ventrals about

i, length of head, and arise on the vertical of midway between base

of pectorals and 1st spine of dorsal. Anal iii 9; slightly higher

anteriorly than 2nd dorsal, its base equals about + its height; 3rd

spine about 5%, length of head and nearly 14 times the length of the

2nd. Caudal deeply emarginate, slightly more than length of head.

Scales 25 rows between snout and spinous dorsal; 14th and 27th

scales of lateral line correspond to origin of spinous and soft

dorsals ; preorbital scaled ; scales on all fins except 1st dorsal; no

elongated axillary scale. Lat. 1. 42, lat. tr. 144.

One specimen, 270 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal; taken in tidal waters, common.

MuGIL CEYLONENSIS, Gthr.

(Blue-tail Mullet.)

No teeth. Depth of body slightly more than 32 times in total

length excluding caudal, length of head 4} times. Snout nearly

3 diameter of eye, which is 44 times in length of head; inter-

orbital width 4 length of head; greatest width of head nearly 2 its

length, greatest height + its length. Snout short, broad, obtuse ;

upper jaw overhangs lower; lower lip thin with a tubercle at

symphysis which fits into a corresponding notch on upper lip which

is moderately thick; maxillary hidden by preorbital, which has its

lower margin finely serrated and bent and its angle serrated; cleft

44 Annals of the South African Musewm.

of mouth small, its depth 2 the breadth; free space on chin very

narrow and short ; eyes without adipose membrane.

Dorsal iv, i 8; commences midway between point of snout and

base of caudal; spines of 1st dorsal flexible and moderately strong

1st spine longest and 12 times in length of head; 5 rows of scales

between Ist and 2nd dorsals. Anterior rays of 2nd dorsal nearly

1? times height of longest spine of Ist dorsal; upper margin of fin

concave, the posterior rays being slightly produced; base of fin

neatly 4 its height. Pectorals 1,1, times length of head, inserted

above the middle of the depth of the body and extending to vertical

of 3rd spine of 1st dorsal; a moderately enlarged axillary scale at the

base. Ventrals nearly ? length of head, inserted about midway

between base of pectorals and origin of 1st dorsal. Anal iii 8;

situated opposite to soft dorsal, which it closely resembles in length,

height, and shape. Caudal deeply forked, more than 14 times in

length of head ; least depth of free portion of tail equals 4 length of

head. Scales striated, extending over head to point of snout and on

cheeks; 20 rows between point of snout and origin of 1st dorsal fin ;

soft dorsal, anal and base of caudal entirely covered with scales.

Tuat. 1. 33, lat. tr. 12.

Colour (of preserved specimen), silvery, darker above than below ;

a dark spot superiorly at base of pectorals.

One specimen, 268 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal.

MuGIL CAPITO, Cuv.

(Grey Mullet.)

Depth of body 4! to 4+ times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 32 to 4 times. Snout slightly greater than diameter

ot eye, which is 4 interorbital width and nearly 5 to 53 times in

length of head; width of head equals # its length; eyes without

adipose lids ; snout broad and depressed ; interorbital space slightly

convex, its width contained 22 times in length of head ; preorbital

with extremity truncated and well serrated ; maxillary reaches to

vertical of anterior nostril; nostrils less distant from each other

than the posterior is from the eye; angle made by mandibulary

bones obtuse; space at chin elongate, pointed, cuneiform. About

30 scales between snout and spinous dorsal.

Dorsal iv, i8; 1st dorsal commences midway between middle of

eye and base of caudal; spines moderately strong and flexible,

1st spine longest and about * length of head; anterior rays of soft

dorsal about as high as 2nd spine of Ist dorsal, upper surface of the

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 45

fin concave and its base # length of longest ray. Pectorals 2 to

+5 length of head, situated slightly above centre of body. Ventrals

4 length of head, inserted midway between origin of pectorals and of

spinous dorsal. Anal iii 9; commences slightly in advance of soft

dorsal, 3rd spine moderately strong and # height of soft rays, which

are slightly longer than the rays of the soft dorsal; base of fin

4 length of longest ray, upper margin of fin strongly emarginate, the

posterior rays being produced. Caudal forked. Lat. ]. 42-45, lat.

tr. 14; the 12th, 16th, and 30th scales correspond respectively to

extremity of pectorals and origin of dorsal fins; no elongated

axillary scale ; small scales on all fins except spinous dorsal ; a dark

stripe along the middle of each series of scales on the body.

Colour (of preserved specimens), uniform greyish.

Two specimens, 236 mm. and 320 mm. in length respectively ; the

smaller from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, the larger from Durban

market.

Famity LABRIDA.

Gen. JULIS, Cuv. and Val.

JULIS HEBRAICA, Lacép.

Depth of body 34 to 34 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 31 to 34 times. Snout about twice diameter of eye,

which is 13 to 2 times in interorbital width and 5% to 64 times in

length of head; jaws about equal, the anterior teeth of upper jaw

projecting outwards and overlapping lower; maxillary reaches to

vertical of anterior nostril, cleft of mouth lateral; infraorbital ring

striated. Upper profile of snout very obtuse in the larger specimen,

Dorsal viii 13; spines weak and lower than soft rays, which are

of uniform height and about 4 length of head. Pectorals + length of

head. Ventrals 4 length of head. Anal ii 11; similar to soft dorsal

but slightly higher anteriorly. Caudal lunate, the lobes produced

and equal to or 14 times length of head. Scales comparatively large,

cycloid. Lat. 1. 27, lat. tr. 2.

Colour (when fresh), blue, with irregular violet bands on head and

body in front of pectorals, a light vertical band from back to belly

behind pectorals; head and anterior half of body darker than

posterior half; caudal dark base and lobes, light in centre.

Colour (of preserved specimen), purplish brown, with dark lines

from eye to opercular margin and to base of pectorals, a dark

46 Annals of the South African Museum.

interrupted line on isthmus; a light cross-band passing from an-

terior spines obliquely behind pectorals almost to belly behind

ventrals.

Two specimens, 137 mm. and 178 mm. in length respectively,

taken off breakwater, Durban; from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal,

who has supplied the note of the colouring when fresh.

Gren. COSSYPHUS, Cuv. and Val.

CossyPHuUS MACRURUS, Lacép.

A strong posterior canine tooth, strong canines on upper jaw pro-

jecting forwards. Depth of body slightly greater than length of

head and about 3 times in total length excluding caudal. Snout

twice diameter of eye, which is 1% times in interorbital width and a

little more than 54 times in length of head; cleft of mouth oblique ;

jaws about equal, the upper slightly overlapping lower ; upper lip

broad in centre, with folds; maxillary reaches to vertical of anterior

3rd of eye and is entirely hidden by the preorbital; preoperculum

indistinctly serrated, emarginate above the angle, which is rounded.

Head longer than high, its greatest height equals its length behind

posterior nostril, flat on top.

Dorsal xii 10; spines weak and produced in a short filament, the

1st spine slightly lower than the remainder, which are subequal and

nearly + length of head; soft portion of fin higher posteriorly.

Pectorals 2? length of head. Ventrals with outer rays produced but

not reaching anus, about same length as pectorals. Anal ii 12;

similar to soft dorsal. Caudal 2 length of head, truncate, outer rays

produced. Lat. 1. 33, lat. tr. 5%.

Colour (when fresh), ‘‘ reddish on sides shading to dark on _ back.

Dark patch on side near base of tail. Belly yellowish shading to

smoky colour below pectorals. Under side of lower jaw light yellow.

Dorsals dark. Tail reddish with dark edges. Anal dark. Pec-

torals transparent with red at base. Eye red with black pupil.”

Colour (of preserved specimen), grey, a large black blotch along

the whole of the spinous dorsal fin extending on to the spines; a

dark blotch between lateral line and base of soft dorsal; whitish

longitudinal lines on cheeks and behind eyes, soft dorsal and anal

with brown dots in rows, ventrals blackish, pectorals diaphanous.

One specimen, 256 mm, in length, from Mr, Romer Robinson,

Natal; who has kindly furnished a note of the colouring when

fresh.

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 47

CossYPHUS NIGROMACULATUS, Gilchr. and Thomp.

Cheropsodes pictus, Gilchr. and Thomp.

Teeth, 4 strong canines in front on either jaw, the inner pair on

lower jaw being small; lateral teeth in a continuous cutting edge;

the larger specimen has 2 canines at the angle of upper jaw on left

side, the smaller specimen has only 1. Depth of body 23 to 22 times

in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3 times. Snout

3 times diameter of eye, which is 4 to 2 interorbital width and 5, to

7 times in length of head; interorbital space convex; preorbital

emarginate, its least depth about twice diameter of eye; preoper-

culum minutely serrated; upper lip thick, cleft of mouth oblique,

maxillary reaches vertical of anterior margin of eye and nearly

hidden by preorbital.

Dorsal xi—xii 10-12 ; commences above base of pectorals; spines

short, strong and embedded in thick skin, which is produced as a

short lobe covering end of each spine; interspinous membranes

deeply cleft; 1st spine shortest, the remainder about subequal and

1 to ;3, length of head; soft portion of fin anteriorly about as high

as adjacent spines rising posteriorly to about 4 length of head.

Pectorals ,/5 to ? length of head, superior rays longest. Ventrals with

first 2 rays produced, about + length of head and reaching to origin of

anal. Anal iii 12; resembles soft dorsal but not so high. Caudal

emarginate, outer rays produced and nearly as long as head. Seales

on body large, smaller ones covering throat, opercles, cheeks, and

top of head as far as eyes. Lat. 1. 33, lat. tr. pa

Colour (of larger specimen when fresh), very brilliant, pinkish red

with a tinge of lemon-yellow markings as follows: Dots and short

irregular lines on head and anterior dorsal part of body, on inter-

spinous membranes of all fins except spinous dorsal where they are

black and on margin of caudal fin; a black blotch at distal end of

pectorals and one on the body between the spinous and soft portions

of the dorsal fin.

Colour (of preserved specimens), yellow or grey with a reddish

tinge in places; a large black patch above lateral line extending on

to base of dorsal fin, a black patch on distal extremity of pectorals ;

spinous dorsal black.

Two specimens, one 425 mm. in length, from Durban market ;

the other, 240 mm. in length, procured from line fishermen at

Durban, caught outside the harbour.

On reconsideration of specimens we have found that these two

fish, which we have formerly described as different, apparently may

48 Annals of the South African Museum.

be varieties of the same species, and that it seems preferable

to extend the definition of the genus Cossyphus to include

Cheropsodes.

Famity SCLERODERML.

Gren. BALISTES, Arted.

BALisTES NIGER, Mungo Park.

Teeth compressed, notched. Depth of body about twice in total

length excluding caudal, length of head 2,7, times. Snout 42 times

diameter of eye, which is about 14 times in interorbital width and

54 times in length of head. A groove in front of the eyes. Cheeks

entirely scaled. Some enlarged scutes behind gill-openings.

Dorsal iii 27; commences above first 3rd of pectorals, 1st spine

strong and more than 2 length of head; soft rays of 2nd dorsal

higher anteriorly, 3rd ray longest and about same height as 1st spine

of anterior dorsal, remaining rays shortening to the last which is

4+ height of the longest; margin of fin curving from 3rd to last ray.

Pectoral 4 length of head. Ventral spine movable, a series of sharp

spines from its base to the vent. Anal 24, similar to soft dorsal, but

margin of fin a little rounder. Caudal 3 length of head, truncate.

Lat. 1. se. 45 (circa); about 25 series of scales in a transverse line from

origin of soft dorsal to vent ; 6 rows of small recurved spines on tail.

Colour (when fresh) ‘ yellow brown; violet blue from mouth to

ventrals; 2 white bands under mouth. Tail brown with longi-

tudinal yellow stripes and broad white outer edging, and narrow

white edging above and below. Dorsal and anal chocolate base

shading to lighter brown, pectorals ditto.”

Colour (of preserved specimen), bluish brown, a light ring round

lower jaw; soft dorsal, anal and pectorals light-coloured; caudal

with a light upper and lower edge and a white posterior extremity.

One specimen, 130 mm. in length, taken off the breakwater at

Durban; from Mr. Romer Robinson, who kindly supplied a note

of the colouring when fresh.

Gren. MONACANTHUS, Cuv.

MOoNACANTHUS NATALENSIS, N. sp.

Depth of body 1# times in total length excluding caudal, length

of head nearly 34 times. Snout 43 times diameter of eye, which

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 49

is 13 times in interorbital width and about 5 times in length of

head; eyes placed high up at posterior angle of head, over the gill-

openings and just behind dorsal spine; profile of head from dorsal

spine to point of snout slightly concave.

Dorsal i 34; spine + length of head, strong and slightly curved,

situated nearer to point of snout than to origin of soft dorsal and

just in front of the vertical of anterior margin of eye, armed pos-

teriorly for about ? its length with a series of barbs on each side

pointing outward and upward. Soft dorsal highest anteriorly, the

rays lengthening to the dth which is 3 height of spinous dorsal, the

succeeding rays decreasing in height to the last, which is about

1 the height of the 5th ray. Pectorals a little more than 2 length

of head and situated in the vertical of posterior margin of orbits.

Ventral small, immovable. Anal 31, rays of uniform height and

about = length of longest rays of soft dorsal, except posteriorly,

where they are shortened and give the fin a rounded edge. Caudal

8 length of head, subtruncate and with the corners rounded; caudal

peduncle swollen at the sides. Scales small, skin velvet-looking

with a rough surface, scales setiform and turned forward on side

of tail; minute black hair-like processes occurring in clumps in the

form of a few black spots.

Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brown; soft dorsal, anal and

pectoral fins whitish; a few dark black spots occurring irregularly

on the body.

One specimen, 170 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal.

Famiry GYMNODONTHS.

Gren. TETRODON, Cuv.

TETRODON IMMACULATUS, var. VIRGATA, BI. Schn.

Teeth of about equal size in both jaws. Length of head scarcely

equals its distance from base of dorsal fin and is nearly 22 times in

total length excluding caudal. Eyes prominent, situated slightly

nearer to gill-opening than to point of snout, longitudinal diameter

21 times in distance from point of snout and twice in interorbital

width, which is broad and flat, the osseous part only extending 3 the

distance between the eyes; snout short, obtusely pointed, nearly

4 length of head and scarcely longer than interorbital width;

2 well-developed nasal tentacles on each side on a single base.

Profile of head from orbits to snout slightly concave.

60 Annals of the South African Museum. |

Dorsal 9; situated in last 3rd of distance from middle of eye to

base of caudal, its height twice the length of its base and 2 length

of the head. Pectorals 2 length of head. Anal 9; commencing

behind posterior margin of dorsal and of similar shape, but slightly

higher. Caudal nearly 2 length of head, truncate. Minute spines

on body as far as snout, becoming larger on abdomen. No fold on

lower part of tail or body.

Colour (when fresh), dark brown above; belly yellowish, striped

longitudinally with brown lines; fins yellowish; back dark with

lighter patches.

Colour (of preserved specimen), dark brownish black on upper

part of body including cheeks and snout; light drab colour below,

with many dark curving lines running from throat and round base

of pectorals along the sides and abdomen to base of tail.

One specimen, 83 mm. in length, taken off breakwater, Durban ;

from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, who kindly supplies a note of the

colouring when fresh.

TETRODON HISPIDUS, Lacép.

Teeth equal on both jaws. Length of head equals the distance

from base of dorsal fin and is 23 times in total length excluding

caudal. Eyes of moderate size situated slightly nearer to gill-

opening than to point of snout and 2? times in length of snout,

which is slightly more than 4 length of head; interorbital width

slightly less than length of snout, flat, the osseous part twice the

diameter of the eye in width; orbits prominent; profile of snout

slightly concave; two prominent nasal papille on a single base

on each side.

Dorsal 10; situated in last 3rd of distance from anterior margin

of eye to base of caudal fin, height 24 times the length of the base

and nearly 4 length of head. Pectorals 2 length of head. Anal 10;

commencing behind posterior margin of base of dorsal, which it

resembles, but is not so high. Caudal nearly ? length of head,

truncate, with a slightly rounded posterior margin and equal to

its distance from anterior margin of dorsal. Spines on body extend

superiorly from interorbital space to near base of caudal, more or

less widely separated and in patches and hidden in the skin;

inferiorly they extend from throat and cheeks below line of pec-

torals to vent, being prominent and denser on abdomen, and with

a patch on the side below the dorsal fin.

Colour (when fresh), yellowish on back, shading to dirty white

on belly. Many small white spots on back, thicker near tail; pec-

Descriptions of Fishes trom the Coast of Natal. 51

torals yellow, white circular line round base of pectorals with smaller

yellow circle inside, yellow vertical line at base of pectorals and

another below it; other fins yellowish. Several black vertical

bands below line of pectoral extending to belly on each side of

body.

Colour (of preserved specimen), blackish brown above, white on

abdomen, with a few scattered small white spots on back, which

become more numerous and well defined on the sides from below

dorsal fin and especially on free portion of tail; 4 or 5 subvertical

black blotches on each side of abdomen ; pectorals dark near the

base, white on outer 3, a whitish ring round base including gill-

openings. Caudal dark brown.

One specimen, 135 mm. in length, taken off breakwater, Durban ;

from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal, who has kindly supplied the note

of the colouring when fresh.

TETRODON HYPSELOGENION, Blkr.

Teeth about the same size on each jaw. Length of head equals

its distance from dorsal fin and is nearly 3 times in total length

excluding caudal. Osseous interorbital space narrow and about

3 diameter of eye, which is prominent, situated on upper margin

of head, a little nearer to point of snout than to gill-opening, and is

32 times in length of head; snout 12 times diameter of eye; chin

prominent and vertical, its depth nearly equals length of snout and

is + length of head; lower jaw projects beyond upper, mouth

small; posterior nostrils have a prominent papilla on each with

two openings; gill-openings fringed with coarse papille.

Dorsal commences in last 3rd of distance from snout to base of

caudal; anterior rays highest; length of base equals ? the height

of the fin, which is # length of head. Anal commences below

middle of dorsal, similar to but not as high as dorsal. Caudal

truncate.

Body covered with small spines from interorbital space nearly

to dorsal fin, abdomen covered with numerous similar spines; a

cross band of small spines across the side to abdomen, behind

pectorals; remainder of sides naked.

Colour (of preserved specimen), upper half of body dark brown

with irregular larger and smaller whitish spots ; lower half of body

white ; sides with a silvery longitudinal band; irregular sub-vertical

bars on cheeks; caudal fin dark brown, with a whitish inferior

edge.

52 Annals of the South African Museum.

Famity MURAINIDA.

Gen. MURANESOX, McCall.

MUR/NESOX CINEREUS, Forsk.

(Silver Eel.)

Vomerine teeth compressed, with a basal lobe in front and behind,

teeth of middle row fang-like and powerful; teeth of inner series of

mandible similar in form to but much smaller than those of the

vomer and but rarely with basal lobes, those of the outer series rudi-

mentary and not bent outwards; fang-like canines at symphysis.

Length of head contained nearly 24 times in distance between point

of snout and vent; snout slender, produced into a point beyond

lower jaw ; cleft of mouth wide, 2,3, times in length of head ; eyes

situated nearly in middle of length of head, 14 times interorbital

width and 2? times in length of snout.

Dorsal commences in advance of gill-openings. Pectorals well

developed, 4 length of head. Tail about 1} times length of trunk.

Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform dark brown on back,

lighter below.

One specimen, 735 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal.

Gren. MURAINA, Arted.

MurRNA NEBULOSA, Ahbl.

Teeth obtuse, molar-like. Length of head 5% times in distance

from point of snout to vent; tail slightly longer than the trunk.

HKyes about 2 diameters from point of snout and situated midway

between it and cleft of mouth, which is 22 times in length of head;

gill-opening about equals diameter of eye.

Dorsal fin fairly well developed and commencing a little in front

of gill-opening.

Colour (of preserved specimen), whitish ground, covered with

numerous dark specks; a row of about 30 large irregular black spots

on back, some of them with white spots in them, running through

dorsal fin and a similar row of black blotches below them extending

through abdomen.

One specimen, 260 mm. in length, caught at the Bluff, Durban ;

from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 53

MurRZNA MELEAGRIS, Shaw.

(Spotted Eel.)

Canines fairly well developed ; teeth on mandibles uniserial, on

maxillary and premaxillary biserial, in a single row longitudinally on

vomer. Length of head about 4 times in distance between point of

snout and vent; length of tail 13 to 1,4, times in length of trunk.

Eyes small, 21 to 23 diameters from end of snout and situated

nearer to it than to angle of mouth; cleft of mouth about 4 length

of head ; mouth cannot be entirely closed; anterior nasal tube 4 to

+ vertical diameter of eye; gill-opening 12 diameters of eye. A row

of widely separated open pores on mandibles and maxillary and 3 or

4 pores about the nostrils.

Dorsal low and anteriorly enveloped in skin, commencing a little

in advance of gill-opening.

Colour (of preserved specimens), dark brown above, light on belly ;

covered with small white spots smaller than the eye.

Two specimens, 437 mm. and 435 mm. in length respectively,

from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.

Mvur2=NA NUDIVOMER, Giinth.

Teeth uniserial on both jaws, anterior ones serrated; a large

curved tooth behind the row at symphysis of upper jaw; no

vomerine teeth. Length of head nearly 4 times in distance from

point of snout to vent; tail nearly 1? times length of trunk. Eyes

small, 22 diameters from point of snout and situated nearer to it

than to angle of mouth; snout of moderate length, about 53 times in

length of head; cleft of mouth 23 times in length of head; gill-

openings equal twice diameter of eye; nasal tube small, ? diameter

of eye.

Dorsal and anal fins well developed, covered with thick skin;

dorsal commences in the vertical of nearly midway between

cleft of mouth and gill-opening. Body slender and tapering

to tail.

Colour (of preserved specimen), head white with small brown

spots on lower half and vermiculated brown lines on upper, gradu-

ally merging a short distance behind the head into brown with

numerous white oval spots, sometimes confluent, over the rest of the

body and extending through the fins.

One specimen, 908 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal.

54 Annals of the South African Museum.

MuR2NA TESSELLATA, Rich.

Teeth in a single row, triangular and slanting backwards, large

ones interspersed with smaller; 2 strong pointed teeth pointing

backwards at symphysis of upper jaw. Length of head 4} times in

distance from snout to vent; tail 14 times length of trunk. Snout

compressed and rounded; eyes situated midway between angle

of mouth and end of snout, diameter equals 4 length of snout;

cleft of mouth 2} times in length of head. Profile of head

boldly convex to eyes; gill-opening equals diameter of eye;

anterior nasal tubes equal } diameter of eye; mouth can be shut

completely.

Colour (of preserved specimen), body, fins, and head covered with

irregular black blotches, with many round spots in a more or less

irregular row on body ; interspaces light.

One specimen, about 380 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer

Robinson, Natal.

MurR2NA PoLyzona, Rich.

(Banded Eel.)

Teeth, biserial on lower jaw, molar-like and slightly pointed at

anterior end of mandible, a row of rather pointed teeth on maxillary

with a few smaller teeth on the outside; a band of 4 longitudinal

rows of molar-like rounded teeth on vomer. Length of head 34 to

3,5, times in distance from point of snout to vent; tail 14 times

length of trunk; eyes situated in upper half of head, 1% to

2 diameters from end of snout and situated nearer to point of snout

than to angle of mouth; cleft of mouth 24 to 2+ times in length of

head. Profile of head boldly convex to the eyes, slightly convex

thence to point of snout, which is slightly longer than the lower

jaw; gill-opening equals diameter of eye; anterior nasal tube

2 diameter of eye.

Dorsal well developed, commences in advance of gill-opening.

Colour (of preserved specimens), yellowish brown, darker above

than below, crossed by about 28 irregular narrow white or yellow

transverse bands, which extend through dorsal and anal fins and

across caudal.

Two specimens, 374 mm. and 518 mm. in length respectively,

from Mr. Romer Robinson, Natal.

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast: of Natal. 55

Faminry SCYLUIIDA.

Gen. SCYLLIORHINUS, Gill.

SCYLLIORHINUS NATALENSIS, Regan.

(Striped Dog-fish.)

Teeth long, with a central setose cusp and 2 cusps at the base on

each side. Head broad, depressed; snout obtusely pointed; length

of snout ;4, width of mouth and 2% times the space between the

nasal valves; diameter of eye 14 times in length of snout; no labial

folds; gill-openings 14 times diameter of eye. Scales of body

trispinate.

The 1st dorsal originates slightly in front of posterior base of

ventrals, the 2nd dorsal over posterior end of base of anal. Dorsal

fins equal; the length of their respective bases is 2% times in the

distance between them, which is nearly 14 times the distance

between the posterior margin of base of 2nd dorsal and base of

caudal ; posterior margin of pectorals situated less than 4 the dis-

tance between posterior end of its base and anterior end of ventrals ;

posterior end of ventrals pointed.

Colour (of preserved specimen), grey, white underneath; with

transverse irregular bars across back which are dark-edged and

enclose a bar of the same shade as the ground colour; 1 bar

crosses the head from eye to eye; the 3 bars across the back

anterior to the origin of the ventrals extend to abdomen, the

remainder only reach to median line, 1 being at the base of each

dorsal fin, 1 midway between these fins, 1 midway between

2nd dorsal and base of caudal; there are fainter bars between each

dark bar. Pectorals with transverse blotches. Ventrals with a

large blotch at base. Caudal with 2 partial bars only visible on

edge of fin, tip of fin dark ; tip of dorsals with a dark blotch.

One specimen, 438 mm. in length, from Durban Museum.

Famiry RHINOBATIDA.

GEN. RHINOBATUS, Mill. and Henl.

RHINOBATUS BLOCHI, M. and H.

Teeth on both jaws about equal in size. Snout elongate, its

length 7,5 times in total length; interorbital width 34 times in

length of snout; distance between outer angles of nostrils equals

56 Annals of the South African Museum.

4 distance of mouth from end of snout; anterior nasal valve con-

tinued towards median line by a fold that nearly meets that of the

other side; cleft of mouth straight, longer than nostril; rostral

ridges more distant from each other behind than in front and

separated by a shallow groove.

Dorsal fins about the same height and pointed; their distance

apart equals 14 times interspace between 2nd dorsal and root of

caudal.

Back finely granular, with a row of compressed spines along the

middle of the back, 1 on each shoulder, and a row round upper

margin of eyes.

Colour (of preserved specimen), pale, slightly mottled brown above,

nearly white on lower side; scattered small round whitish spots on

back.

One specimen, 640 mm. in length, from Mr. Romer Robinson,

Natal.

Famity TRYGONIDA.

Gen. PTEROPLATHA, Mill. and Henl.

PTEROPLATEA NATALENSIS, Nn. Sp.

Disk nearly twice as broad as long. Tail a little more than 4 as

ong as disk, with a minute rudimentary fin at extremity and a

sight upper and lower ridge semi-annulated with black. A short

tentacle behind spiracle. Lower dental laminz concave in the

centre, the points of the curve being received into corresponding

depressions in the convex curve of the upper lamine.

Teeth small, unicuspid. Spine not serrated. Interorbital space

convex with a V-shaped depression and 2 or 3 small knobs or blunt

spines. Two large tuberculous lumps behind spiracles.

Colour (of preserved specimen), light brown mottled with darker ;

upper surface of tail with brown patches.

One specimen, 157 mm. in length excluding caudal, from Mr.

Romer Robinson, Natal.

Gen. ANTOBATIS, Mill. and Henl.

ABTOBATIS NARINARI, Euphrasen.

Teeth, lower dental lamin projecting. Disk about twice as broad

as long, distance from mouth to anus nearly 2 width of disk. Head

Descriptions of Fishes from the Coast of Natal. 57

distinct from pectoral fins, elevated. Snout projecting and acutely

pointed; eyes small; interorbital width broad and convex, about

84 times diameter of eye; nasal valves forming a quadrangular flap,

the lower edge fringed and divided in the centre.

Dorsal fin very small, arises opposite centre of ventrals, which

are 2 as broad as long; tail whiplike and produced, 31 times length

of body, with a spine situated just behind termination_of dorsal fin

(broken off in specimen).

Back smooth; colour brown, spotted with small oval spots (which

in the preserved specimen are whitish), margins of pectorals of a

lighter shade of yellowish brown and the edges crenellated.

One specimen, 290 mm. in length excluding caudal, from Mr.

Romer Robinson, Natal.

LIST OF SPECIES DESCRIBED.

Famity PERCIDA.

PAGE

Lutianus erythropterus, Bl.... sc ~~ Go oO 080 Seeker e

a lineatus, Q. and G. See ae des wk Ne ae Ao 80)

Diagramma griseum, C. and V._... dc oa oc Sad ee we LoL

Dentex filosus, Val. ... ave sce ae was soe Shc so we we

Lobotes surinamensis, C.and VY. ... Eps 506 ae tas re Ano BB

Gerres filamentosus, C. and VY. ce wee ae aes zee eer ec oo

Famity SQUAMIPINNES.

Cheetodon vagabundus, L. ... a a ado ae an aoe wr, oe

Famitry SPARIDAS.

Pagrus spinifer, Forsk. 56 oor 366 oct ase see doc soa BIE

Famity COTTIDA.

Platycephalus punctatus, C. and V. 500 ais Be ope 500 soot 00

Famity TEUTHIDA.

Teuthis nebulosa (Q. and G.) 506 see mee aes re aes ee ou

Famiry NANDIDA.

Plesiops nigricans, Riipp... 300 Soc ae an 506 Ges 500 Bll

Fammty SCIZNIDA.

Umbrina angustilineata, n. sp. me she 0 on ote — Soo! Be)

58 Annals of the South African Museum.

Famitry CARANGIDA,

Caranx natalensis, n. sp.

Chorinemus lysan, Forsk.

Famity SCOMBRIDAS.

Cybium lineolatum, C. and V.

Famiry MUGILIDA,

Mugil diadema, n. sp. 6c

», natalensis, Cast. sae ane es aa as oF

», ceylonensis, Giinth.

», capito, Cuv.

Famitry LABRIDA.,

Julis hebraica, Lacép. adc

Cossyphus macrurus, Lacép. tea Res S00

“4 nigromaculatus, Gilchr. and Thomp....

Faminry SCLERODERMI.

Balistes niger, Mungo Park ...

Monacanthus natalensis, n. sp.

Famiry GYMNODONTES.

Tetrodon immaculatus, var. virgata, Bl. Schn. .

a hispidus, Lacép.

A hypselogenion, Blkr.

Famity MURAINIDA.

Mureenesox cinereus, Forsk.

Mureena nebulosa, Ahl.

3 meleagris, Shaw

35 nudivomer, Giinth.

a tessellata, Rich.

50 polyzona, Rich.

Famitry SCYLLIIDA,

Scylliorhinus natalensis, Regan

Famity RHINOBATIDA.

Rhinobatus blochii, M. and H.

Famity TRYGONIDAS.

Pteroplatea natalensis, n. sp.

Aétobatis narinari, Euphrasen

ERRATUM.

On page 181 of Vol. VI., Part II., read Umbrina striata Bley.

PAGE

3.—A Ffievised Reference List of South African Non-marine

Mollusca ; with Descriptions of New Species in the South

African Musewm.—By M. Connotty.

INTRODUCTION.

LirrLe more than thirteen years have elapsed since the publication

of Messrs. Melvill and Ponsonby’s ‘‘ Contribution towards a Check-

List of the Non-marine Molluscan Fauna of South Africa ”’ (Proc.

Mal. Soc., 1898, ili., p. 166-184), which included all species then

known south of the Tropic of Capricorn; and of Dr. Sturany’s

“Catalog der... stidafrikanischen lLand-und Siisswasser-Mol-

lusken ’’ (Wien, 1898), in which he described several new forms,

and listed, with few exceptions, all older ones which had been up to

that date reported from south of the line roughly formed by the

Zambesi and Kunene Rivers.

In this short time, however, the number of non-marine shells

known in South Africa has increased by nearly one-half, the 408

species listed by Sturany having grown to 586, despite the fact that

many forms then considered distinct have since been altogether

expunged or placed in synonymy.

No apology, therefore, is needed for the appearance of a revised

reference list, and it only remains to add a few words of explanation

as to special features introduced in the new work.

At Dr. Péringuey’s desire, I have adopted Sturany’s more extended

geographical boundaries. Although Messrs. Melvill and Ponsonby’s

invaluable series of articles in the Ann. and Mag. Nat. History has

left comparatively little to be cleared up regarding the non-marine

mollusea to the south of the Tropic of Capricorn, very little is known,

conchologically, of much of the region just north of that limit, and

the present list must necessarily leave much room for amplification

in this direction.

Very few South African non-marine fossils are yet known, and

most of them were described in papers dealing also with recent

shells, I have therefore included both recent and fossil species in

60 Annals of the South African Museum.

the body of my work, but, to facilitate distinction, the reference

number is printed in ordinary type before recent species, and in

italics before those which have only been found, so far, in a fossil

condition in South Africa.

A list of authors and works consulted, with the abbreviations used,

is given on p. 288. Owing to the great increase of recent literature

on the subject, the list of references under each species has been

lightened by the omission of all those of a purely ‘ check-list”

character, or of no actual value to the student.

Many comparatively unimportant references to classification or

locality only are also omitted, the authority quoted after each

locality being, in the latter case, considered sufficient.

I have also omitted many of the older references to Huropean

and American species, as the descriptions contained in them are

of little value.

The letters A. (anatomy),

D. (description, external),

F’, (figure, external),

L. (locality),

N. (note),

RR. (vadula),

are appended respectively to each reference to denote the class of

information it contains.

With regard to Férussac’s Tabl. Syst. des Moll., part ii., of which

there were two editions in the same year, with different pagination,

the alternative pages are given.

The species described and figured by Sturany in Siidafr. L.- und

S.-W.-Moll., November, 1898, were first published by him in a

‘Preliminary Note” in the Anz. kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, in June

of the same year. I have not, in this instance, quoted the earlier

reference, except in the case of Chondrocyclus isipingdensis, where

priority of nomenclature is involved.

The present work is intended, primarily, to be of as much use as

possible to students in South Africa. This accounts for my having

appended full references to Genera and the higher divisions, many

of which I have found it quite impossible to trace in any library

in that country; and also for the addition of as many localities

for each species as I have been able to gather; but it has been,

naturally, quite impossible to verify the correctness of all of the

latter. Many of the older specific names have been misapplied, at

yarious times, to other species, while many recently described shells

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 61

have wrongly figured, prior to their description, under one of the

older names. In giving all these localities, however, it is my hope

that future collectors, on finding a certain shell in a certain neigh-

bourhood, will at least have some guide as to the known species

with which their specimens may be compared.

No single map is yet published which includes all the localities

mentioned, but to simplify matters as far as possible I have given

the province in which each is situated, and subdivided the larger or

more intricate districts. Thus, German South-West Africa is divided

into Ovampoland (north), Damaraland (or Hereroland) (central), and

Great Namaland (south). Little Namaland is in the Cape of Good

Hope Province, just south of the mouth of the Orange, and Griqua-

land West is that portion of the colony north of the same river.

Cape Peninsula, where specially mentioned, refers to the small, but

conchologieally rich, district between Cape Town and Cape Point.

British Bechuanaland, on the north, is divided from Bechuana-

land by a line nearly following the direction of the Molopo River.

Lorenzo Marques represents the whole Portuguese territory in Kast

Africa south of the Zambesi, as distinct from Mozambique to its

north ; while the Northern Transvaal comprises the district north of

Pretoria.

An effort has been made to state where the type of each species is

preserved, and through the kindness of the custodians of the collec-

tions mentioned, I have been able to locate about nine-tenths of the

total number. In cases where the type cannot be traced or was

never specified, the whereabouts of original specimens has, when

possible, been given.

For the information of local students, the letters 8.A.M. are affixed

to the names of species contained in the collection of the South

African Museum. I may add that the magnificent Burnup Collec-

tion is exhibited in the Natal Government Museum, Pietermaritz-

burg, while there are good collections of non-marine mollusca at

Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth, and a smaller one at Kimberley.

It only remains for me to express my most grateful thanks to the

many kind friends who have been ever ready to assist me in the

many difficulties which have cropped up in the course of even

the present unassuming work. It is almost impossible to mention

all by name, and I must therefore confine myself on this page to

acknowledging my extreme indebtedness to Messrs. J. H. Ponsonby

and H. C. Burnup for an enormous amount of invaluable help and

advice, to which are due, in great measure, any merits which may

eventually be found in the ensuing pages.

62 Annals of the South African Museum.

The arrangement of Families and Genera is in accordance with

the latest views of leading authorities on the subject. That of the

higher orders is a slightly modified adaptation of Paul Pelseneer’s

classification of the Mollusca in Part V. of Sir E. Ray Lankester’s

‘Treatise on Zoology.’’ (London, 1906.)

In the use of Family names, I have followed those writers who

employ a few only, in a wide sense, rather than a larger and possibly

unnecessary number of smaller families.

April, 1912.

REFERENCE LIST.

Sus-Kinepou MOLLUSCA, Cuvier, 1795.

(La Décade Philos. Litt. et Politique, Paris, v. p. 391, as Mollusques.)

Grape PRORHIPIDOGLOSSOMORPHA, Grobben, 1894.

(Sitz.-Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, p. 86.)

Crass GASTROPODA, Cuvier, 1795.

(Magasin Eneycl. ii. p. 448, as Gastéropodes. )

Susp-CLass HUTHYNEURA, Spengel, 1881.

(Zeitschr. f. wissens. Zool. Leipzic, p. 372.)

OrpER PULMONATA, Cuvier, 1817.

(Regne Anim. ii. pp. 387, 401, as Pulmonés.)

Sus-Orper STYLOMMATOPHORA, Schmidt, 1855.

(Abhandl. Naturwiss. vereins. Sachs. Halle, p. 7.)

Trin—E AGNATHA, Morch, 1859.

(Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 109.)

Faminy APERIDA, Mollendorff, 1903.

(Conch. Cab, p. 5.)

Genus APERA, Heynemann, 1885.

(Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges. xii. p. 20.)

(= Chlamydephorus, Binney, 1879, not Chlamydophorus, Harlan, in

Mammalia 1825.)

Type of Genus A. gibbonsi (Binn.)

1. APERA BURNUPI, Smith.

1892 Apera burnupi, Smith, A.M.N.H. x. p. 466. D.

1897 sf » Clilses ASMONGE. Xx So, 22 plee

i 6% A

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 63

1898 Apera burnupi, Smith, Pilsb., Nautilus, xii. p. 12. N.

1900 % 3 Clige:, Ann. SA. Mushansp. 4. pl. 1

Peo yal opens ew a

1901 9 » Clige., Journ. of Mali yiijp. 7st...) A:

1910 oe » Clige., Ann. Natal Mus. ii. p. 166. JD.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

2. APERA GIBBONS! (Binney).

1879 Chlamydephorus gibbonsit, Binn., Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.

Harvard, vy. p. del. pl. 2, f. a, 6. DF.

1884 Chlamydephorus gibbonst, Binn., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sei. ii. p. 81.

jol eee Liang 1-\eueenv ae

1884 Chlamydophorus gibbonsi, Binn., Tryon, Struct. and Syst.

Conch; ii. p. 13. pl. 101, £. 47. DF.

1885 Chlamydephorus gibbonsi, Binn., Tryon, Man. of Conch. 1.

Ppa ie Zoi pla iGo. AQUI.

1885 Apera gibbonsi, Binn., Heynem., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges.

mine pei wply A toa. | LF.

1890 Chlamydephorus gibbonsi, Binn., Ckll., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 390. D.

1900 Apera gibbonsi, Binn., Clige., Ann. S.A. Mus. ii. p. 4. WN.

1910 Ms » Clige., Ann. Natal Mus. 1. p. 165: D:

Type in Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

Hab. Natau. Umgeni Valley (Gibbons). Equeefa ; Port Shep-

stone; Thornybush, near Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

Carpe oF Goop Hope (Weale).

3. APERA NATALENSIS, Collinge. [S.A.M.]

1900 Apera natalensis, Clige., Ann. S.A. Mus. ii. p. 3. pl. 1, f. 3, 4.

pl. 2, 1. 140 bs WO eeAe

1910 nf » Ann. Natal Mus: 1p. 167s) 20:

Type in South African Museum.

Hab. Narau. Richmond (Ward).

4, APERA PURCELLI, Collinge. [S.A.M.]

1901 Apera purcelli, Clige., Ann. S.A. Mus. ii, p. 230. pl. 14, f. 1, 2.

Type in South African Museum.

Hab. Care Peninsuna. Table Mountain (Lightfoot).

64 Annals of the South African Museum.

Famity TESTACELLIDA, Gray, 1853.

(A.M.N.H. xii. p. 330.)

Genus TESTACELLA, Cuvier, 1800.

(Leg. d’Anat. comp. Paris, i. Table 5.)

Type of Genus 7’. haliotidea, Drap.

5. TESTACELLA AURIGASTER, Layard. [S.A.M.]

1893 Testacella aurigaster, Lay., Ckll., Conchologist, ii. p. 205. N.

1902 5 », (as Syn. of T. mauget, Fér.) Tayl.,

Mon. Brit. Moll. pp. 25, 27. ZL.

Hab. Carr Peninsuna. Cape Town (Layard; Lightfoot).

I believe I am correct in stating that Layard actually published

the description of this species, but in what periodical cannot be

traced. It is nearly related to 7. maugei, Fér., with which it may

probably prove to be synonymous.

Faminty STREPTAXIDA, Gray, 1860.

(A.M.N.H. vi. p. 268.)

Susp-Famity STREPTAXINA, Godwin-Austen, 1908.

(Fauna Brit. India, Moll. p. 1.)

Genus STREPTAXIS, Gray, 1837.

(A.M.N.H. i. p. 484.)

Type of Genus, S. nobilis, Gray.

6. STREPTAXIS GWANDAENSIS, Preston.

1912 Streptaxis gwandaensis, Prest., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 69, f.1. DF.

Type in coll. Preston.

Hab. Ruopesta. Near Geelong Mine, Gwanda District (S. B.

Cox).

SuB-FaMILy ENNEINA, Kobelt, 1904.

(Conch. Cab. p. 92.)

Genus ENNEA, H. and A. Adams, 1855.

(Gen. Ree. Moll. ii. p. 171.)

Type of Genus, H. elegantula (Pfr.).

The South African portion of this Genus is undoubtedly in need of

severe critical revision. Many species have been differentiated on

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 65

very slight peculiarities of form, sculpture, or dentition. However,

in the recently described H. johannesburgensis, M. and P., it will be

found that, while the form and sculpture change but little, the

presence or complete absence of the basal tooth, even among shells

from under the same stone, is a matter of indifference ; while in

EH. xysila, M. and P., though the dentition remains practically

unchanged, the length of full-grown specimens varies from 5 to

8 mm., and the sculpture is sometimes almost lirate, sometimes

almost invisible, quite irrespective of the size of the shell.

It can be easily understood, therefore, that, in more widely distri-

buted species, the range of variation increases with the extended

geographical distribution; but in many such cases intermediate

varieties are found in intermediate localities, which link up a

complete chain of connection between comparative extremes

of form.

Taking these facts into consideration, it is highly probable that

many species at present reckoned distinct will, on fuller comparison,

have to be referred to merely varietal rank.

As no satisfactory method of subdividing the South African

Enneinz has yet been contrived, the subjoined list of species

is given in alphabetical order, omitting all reference to any sub-

genera or sections hitherto proposed.

7. ENNEA ADAMSIANA, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M.]

1859 Ennea adamsiana, Pir., Novit. Conch.i.p. 114. pl.32,f.9-11. D.F.

1859 fe ae Mion lelv iv. p: 339: 0D!

1885 x > Lryon, Man. of Conch: 1. p. 98> pl. 19,

f.85. D.F.

1904 A ,», Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 192. pl. 24,£.8. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Port Natal (in coll. Pfeiffer). Widely distributed.

Carr oF Goop Horr. “Said to be found at Korsten, Port Eliza-

beth” (Crawford).

var. IMPERVIA, Mely. & Pons. [(S.A.M.]

1896 Ennea vmpervia, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xviii. p. 315. pl. 16,f.1. DF.

1904 fi », Kob., Conch.Cab.p.233.p1.32,f.21. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narvau (fide M. & P.). Lower Umkomaas; Equeefa; Port

Shepstone (Burnup).

APE OF GooD Hore. Port St. John’s (Shortridge).

66 Annals of the South African Museum.

It appears inadvisable to regard impervia as other than a well-

marked variety of adamsiana, being a stouter form with magnified

dentition. Impervia is found generally along the coast-belt of Natal,

with a very small sprinkling of the narrower form. At Pine Town

it is difficult to differentiate the two; at Botha’s Hill they are

enigmatical ; while on reaching Pietermaritzburg and the surround-

ing district only the narrower form is found.

8. ENNEA ALBERsI (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

1854 Pupa albersi, Pir., P.Z.S. p. 295. D.

1855 Hnnea albersi, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. ii. p. 61. D.

Novit. Conch. i. p. 38. pl. 19, f£. 15-17. DF.

1859 a » Mon. Hel. iv. p. 338. 2.

1885 = » L£ryon, Man. of Conch:i. p. 97. pl. 1934. 83;

84.5) eDaE.

1903 9 ME Ps AC MNCER wit, p.2096. SNE.

1904 », Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 182. pl. 23,f. 7-9. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natat. Port Natal (Strangier, fide Pfeiffer 1859). Port

Shepstone, both sides of the River Umzimkulu (Burnup).

9. ENNEA ALicim, Melv. & Pons.

1907 Ennea alicia, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 95. pl. 6, f.1. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zuuvunsnp. Makowe (Burnup). Dukuduku Forest (Toppin).

This may possibly be conspecific with H. dedalea, M. and P.

Size is the chief distinguishing characteristic, and intermediate

grades exist.

10. ENNEA APEROSTOMA, Melv. & Pons.

1892 EHnneaaperostoma,M.&P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 93. pl.6,£.10. DF.

1904 - » Kob.,Conch.Cab.p.219.pl.27,f.10. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narau (Layard).

var. LISSOPHANES, Mely. & Pons.

1892 Hnnea aperostoma var. lissophanes, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix.

Pwo. LV.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natvau (Layard).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 67

11. ENNEA ARNOLDI, Sturany. [S.A.M.]

1898 Ennea arnoldi, Stur., S. A. Moll. p. 28. pl. 2, f. 26-30. D.F.

1904 ¥ », Kob.,Conch.Cab.p.203.pl.25,f.10-13. DF.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Navan. Isipingo; Durban (Penther). Tongaat; Lower

Umkomaas (Burnup).

var. ELONGATA, Sturany.

1898 Hnnea arnoldi var. elongata, Stur., S. A. Moll. p. 29. pl. 2,

fools, wal Ue.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Natau. Isipingo (Penther).

12. ENNEA AURIS-LEPORIS, Melv. & Pons.

1898 Hnnea auris-leporis, M. & P., A.M.N.H.i. p. 25. pl. 8,£.3. DF.

1904 * i Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 182. pl. 23,

jis AO), WORTH

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nata (fide M. and P.).

13. ENNEA BERTH, Melv. & Pons.

1901 Hnnea berthe, M. & P., A.M.N.H. i. p. 315. pl. 2, £1. D.£.

1904 x », Kob.,Conch. Cab. p. 235. pl.32,£.20. DF.

Type in British Museum,

Hab. Navan. Karkloof Bush (McBean). Ntimbankulu (Burnup).

14. ENNEA BOWKER, Melv. & Pons.

1892 Ennea bowkere, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 92. pl. 6, £9. DF.

1904 es a Kob., Conch. Cab. p.219.pl.27,f.9. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. East London (Miss Bowker).

15. ENNEA BURNUPI, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1897. Ennea burnwpi, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 634. pl.17, £.2. DP.

1904 3 »» Kob.,Conch.Cab.p. 217. pl. 27,£.5. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Town Bush, Pietermaritzburg ; Gordon Falls (Burnup).

68 Annals of the South African Museum.

16. ENNEA carrRNsI, Melv. & Pons.

1897 Ennea cairnsi, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 634. pl. 17, f.1. DF.

1904 i . Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 216. pl. 27, f.4. DF’.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Mouth of Buffalo River (in coll.

Cairns; Burnup).

17. Ennea cauuista, Melv. & Pons.

1909 Hnnea callista, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 485. pl. 8, f£.1. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carz or Goop Horr. Dassie Krantz, Grahamstown

(Farquhar).

18. EnNEA cAuopasa, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Hnnea calopasa, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 596. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Port Shepstone, both sides of the River Umzim-

kulu (Burnup).

19. ENNEA CANDIDULA, Morelet.

1889 Hnnea candidula, Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p. 12. pl. 2,f.2. DF.

1890 ,, Jlayardi, Ancey, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr. vii. p. 159. D.

1904 _s, es cf Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 242. D.

45 », candidula, Morel., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 240. pl. 29,

f. 6-8. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth, South End, and

Kragga Kama, 17 miles south of Port Elizabeth (Crawford). Port

Elizabeth and Grahamstown (layardi, fide Layard).

Natau. Upper Tugela (Quekett).

20. ENNEA caARYATIS, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1898 Ennea caryatis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. i. p. 24. pl. 8, £.2. DF.

1904 3 Kob.,Conch.Cab.p.134.pl.19,f.13. DP’.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carpe or Goon Hops. Cradock (Farquhar). Prieska

(Gibbons ; Gould).

21. Ennea crmouiA, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1895 Hnnea cimolia, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xvi. p. 478. pl. 18,£.2. DF.

1904 = » Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 185. pl. 23, f. 15.

DE,

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 69

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Cark oF Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Farquhar). Pirie

Forest (var., Godfrey).

Natat. Dargle; Nottingham Road ; Karkloof; Edendale ; Back-

worth and Ntimbankulu, Mid-Illovo (Burnup).

E. pentheri, Sturany, though much smaller, seems otherwise

identical.

22. ENNEA cronts, Melv. and Pons.

1898 Hnnea cionis, M. & P., ALM.N.H. i. p. 25. pl. 8, f.4. DF.

1904 - », Kob., Conch. Cab.p. 130. pl. 19,f.15. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Van Staadens River, Port Elizabeth

(Crawford).

ZULULAND. Melmoth (Miss Hickey).

23. ENNEA CLAUSTRARIA, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1903 Hnnea claustraria, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p.597. pl. 31, £16. DF.

1907 ,, stauroma, ‘ee xix, p. 96. pl. 6, f. 4 eee

Both types in British Museum.

Hab. Zuuv~anp. Lower Umfolosi Drift (Burnup). Melmoth

(stawroma, Miss Hickey).

Almost identical with infrendens, von Mts., except that the latter

has a small plait on the columellar lip, just above the basal tooth,

where claustraria has only a slight swelling.

”

24, ENNEA COLUMNELLA, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1901 EHnnea columnella, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p. 316. pl. 2,£.2. DF.

1904 ‘ » Kob.,Conch.Cab.p.235.p1.32,f.22.D.F’.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. Karkloof Bush (McBean). Dargle; Hdendale ;

Ntimbankulu (Burnup).

25. ENNEA CONNOLLYI, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1909 Ennea connollyi, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 486. pl. 8,f.2. . DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. Majuba (Connolly).

TraNsvAaL. Hennop’s River; Buis Kop (Connolly).

Generally a much narrower shell than the figure would suggest.

70 Annals of the South African Museu.

26. ENNEA CONSOBRINA, Ancey.

1892 Hnnea consobrina, Ancey, Brit. Nat. p. 125. D.

1898 a >» Mc PA MONSEh isp 24 pl8£.9- NG.

1904 ‘ », Kob., Conch. Cab. pp. 232, 289. pl. 28,

PAO.) TOE.

Type in coll. Tomlin.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Albany (Miss Glanville).

27. ENNEA CRASSIDENS, Pfeiffer.

1859 Ennea crassidens, Pfr., Novit. Conch. i. p. 114. pl. 32, f. 6-8. D.F.

£ - », Mon. Hel. iv. p. 340. D.

1885 es » iryon, Man. .of Conch: asp) 97. pl: 19;

f 100) eee

1898 Ennea durbanensis, Stur., 8. A. Moll. p. 25. pl. 1, £17. DF.

1904 - », Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 203. pl. 25,

£14. DE:

», Linnea crassidens, Pfr., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 192. pl. 24, f.7. DF.

Type of crassidens in British Museum; durbanensis in Naturh.

Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Navan. Port Natal (Plant). Durban Bluff; Isipingo

(durbanensis, Penther). Pinetown; Equeefa (Burnup).

28. ENNEA CRASSILABRIS, Craven. [S.A.M.]

1880 Ennea crassilabris, Cryvn., P.Z.S. p. 616. pl. 57, £.5. DF.

1885 - » ‘Tryon, Man. of Conch: i. p. 102.

pl. 20, £50; 51. Di.

1904 a. kA Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 186. pl. 19,

fe Gs Qa re

1909 Hnnea euschemon, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 487. pl.8,f.5. DF.

Both types in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Lydenburg (crassilabris, Craven). Pietpot-

gietersrust ; Pruizen (ewschemon, Connolly).

The type of ewschemon is rather smaller than that of crassilabris,

but is not specifically distinct.

29. ENNEA CRATERODON, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Hnnea craterodon, M. & P.,A.M.N.H. xii. p.597. pl. 31, £.9. DF.

Type in British Museum.

flab. CarE or Goop Horn. Maestrom Forest, Bedford (Farquhar).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 1

30. ENNEA CRAWFORDI, Melv. & Pons.

1898 Ennea crawfordi, M. & P., A.M.N.H.i. p. 26. pl. 8, £5. DF.

1904 rf e Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 135. pl. 19,

egy fie Oe

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Mouth of Van Staadens River, Port

Elizabeth (Crawford).

31. ENNEA CRISPULA, Melv. & Pons.

1909 Hnnea crispula, M. & P., A-M.N.H. iv. p. 486. pl. 8, f. 3. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carre or Goop Hors. Grahamstown (per Fulton).

32. ENNEA CROSSLEYANA, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1893 Ennea crossleyana, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 106. pl. 3, £.8. DF.

1904 a >», Kob., Coneh: Cab. p. 196. pl. 24,

flO, (Deir

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Natau, Pietermaritzburg (Mrs. Crossley ; Burnup).

A small inland form of the coastal H. gouldi, Pfr. Size is almost

the only distinction, and as intermediate degrees are known from

intermediate localities—Pinetown ; Botha’s Hill; Table Mountain

(Burnup)—it is probable that the two species may eventually prove

to be identical.

33. ENNEA D&DALEA, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1903 Ennea dedalea, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 598. pl. 31,f.12. DP.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Zouuvutanvo. Lower Umfolosi Drift (Burnup).

Ennea alicia, M. & P., is very nearly allied to this species.

34. ENNEA DARGLENSIS, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1908 Ennea darglensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. i. p. 130. pl. 7,f.1. DP.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. Dargle; Richmond; Inhluzani Mountain (Burnup).

Karkloof ; Nottingham Road (Taynton).

Care oF Goop Horr. Gowies Kloof, Grahamstown (Farquhar).

35. HNNEA DELICATULA, Pfeiffer.

1856 Hnnea delicatula, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. ui. p. 259. D.

1859 34 », Novit. Conch. i. p. 117. pl. 32, f. 21-23.

DF;

72 Annals of the South African Museum.

1859 Ennea delicatula, Pfr., Mon. Hel. iv. p. 340. D.

1885 * », Lryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 96. pl. 19,

1 ee Oa

1904 r» », Kob.,Conch. Cab. p.190. pl. 24,£.5. DF.

Original, probably type, in British Museum.

Hab. Narau. Port Natal (Plant).

36. ENNEA DisTINCTA, Mely. & Pons.

1893 Hnnea distincta, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xi. p. 22. pl. 3, f.10. DF.

1904 s A Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 187. pl. 23,

lig US aD Teh

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Middelburg (Crawford).

37. ENNEA DocimastA, Mely. & Pons. [SAE ME]

1898 EHnnea dokimasia, M. & P., A.M.N.H. i. p. 27. pl. 8, f. 7. DF.

1898 » docimasta, 35 Proc. Mal. Soe. ii. p. 167. (Eimend.

Nom.)

1904 », dokimasta, e Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 183. pl. 23,

iiglils TORI,

Type in British Museum,

Hab. Natau (McKen, per Layard).

38. ENNEA DOLICHOSKIA, Melv. & Pons.

1892 Ennea dolichoskia, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 86. pl. 6, f.6. DF.

1904 os Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 218. pl. 27,

ei fee SORTER

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Cape or Goop Horr, Near Port Elizabeth (Langley).

Mouth of Van Staadens River (Crawford).

39. ENNEA DRAKENSBERGENSIS, Mely. & Pons.

1893 Ennea drakensbergensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 107. pl. 3,

fe 0 OSL) APT

1904 of - Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 196,

pl 24 fli, Duk,

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nata. Pietermaritzburg (fide M. & P,),

Founded on a single specimen,

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 73

40. ENNEA DUNKERI, Pfeiffer.

1855 Ennea dunkeri, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. ii. p. 173. D.

1856 “5 », Novit. Conch.i. p. 73. pl. 20, f. 11-13. D.F.

1859 7 Mon! Helsiv. p.sa0s 20%

1885 - 3» JLryon, Man. of Conch: m pz; 98a ply 19:

Og" DLE

1898 Ennea differens, Stur., 8.A. Moll. p. 20. pl. 1, f. 5,6. DF.

1904 . Ps Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 202. pl. 25,

PA On its, Ds

,, Linnea dunkert, Pir., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 193. pl. 24, £.9, 10. DF.

Type of dunkerz in Stettin Museum ; differens in Naturh. Hofmus.

Vienna.

Hab. Natau. Port Natal (Plant). Durban (differens, Penther).

Tyeloti, near Botha’s Hill; Pinetown; Table Mountain; Lower

Umkomaas (Burnup).

41. Ennea Evuiptica, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1898 Ennea ellipiica, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ii. p. 126. pl. 7, £.2. DP.

1904 i be Kob., Conch. Cab. p.180.pl.23,f.4. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Pietermaritzburg; Nottingham Road; Dargle;

Karkloof; Hilton Road; Tyeloti, near Botha’s Hill; Zwaartkop ;

Richmond ; Edendale (Burnup).

42. ENNEA ESHOWENSIS, Melv. & Pons.

1909 EHnnea eshowensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 487. pl. 8,£.4. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zuyuvanp. Eshowe (Lady Saunders).

43. ENNEA EUTHYMIA, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1893 Ennea euwthymia, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 107. pl. 3,£.10. DF.

1895 i » - Stur., S.A. Molleipe aie ON:

1904 is » Kob.,Conch.Cab.p.197.pl.24,f.19. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Thornybush, near Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

A larger variety is found at Lower Umkomaas (Burnup),.

74 Annals of the South African Museum.

44, ENNEA EximtIA, Melv. & Pons.

1898 Ennea eximia, M. & P., A.M.N.H. i. p. 28. pl. 8, f.8. DF.

1904 a 9s Kob., Conch. Cab. p.184.p1.23,f.13. DL’.

1909 A 3 AMEN Ei aiy, pacer. pl. 8,1. 6.. Nam

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaat. Between Barberton and Delagoa Bay (fide

M. and P.).

45. ENNEA FARQUHARI, Melv. & Pons.

1895 Ennea farquhari, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xvi. p. 478. pl. 18,

f.3=0. ODI,

1904 a * Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 186. pl. 23,

fi DAE,

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Farquhar).

E. microthauma, M. & P., is very nearly allied to this species.

46. EnnEA ForicLusA, Melv. & Pons.

1901 Ennea foriclusa, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p. 316. pl. 2,£.3. DP.

1904 = as Kob., Conch. Cab. p.236.pl.32,f.23. DF’.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natat. Table Mountain, about 12 miles from Pieter-

maritzburg (Burnup).

47. ENNEA FormoSa, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1898 Ennea formosa, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ii. p. 126. pl. 7,f.3. DF.

1904 i - Kob:, ‘Conehs -Cab: p: 183. ply 723,

Nigel 2s 1D) Tele

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nata. Durban (Quekett). Pietermaritzburg (Burnup ;

Connolly). Karkloof (Taynton).

Some doubt exists as to whether the locality originally given—

Durban—is correct.

48. ENNEA GENIALIS, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1903 Ennea genialis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 598. pl. 31, f.14. DP.

1907 » vallaris, ef y SIX JOO) 1O, fis meee

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Zoututanp. Patana; Lower Umfolosi Drift (Burnup).

Melmoth (vallaris, Miss Hickey).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 75

Though the type of. vallaris is a little smaller and more coarsely

ribbed than that of genzalis, the two species appear to be inseparable.

49, ENNEA ‘GouLpl1, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M.]

1855 Ennea gouldi, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. ii. p.174. D.

1856 + »» Novit. Conch. i. p. 72. pl. 20, f. 7-10. DF.

1859 ss 5a Mon. Elell.iv.p: 339. 2.

1885 a », Lryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 98. pl. 19;

jig AS me OEE

1904 i »5 Kob., Conch. Cab. p.193. pl. 24,f.11,12. DF.

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. Natau. Durban (Plant). Isipingo (Penther). Lower

Umkomaas; Equeefa; Alexandra Junction; Umbogintwini; Ton-

gaat; Pinetown; Ntimbankulu (Burnup).

var. EXCEDENS, Sturany.

1898 Hnnea gouldi, Pfr., var. excedens, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 18. pl. 1,

£3. DE

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Navau. Durban (Penther). Lower Umkomaas (Burnup).

50. ENNEA HICKEYANA, Melv. & Pons.

1901 Ennea hickeyana, M.& P., A.M.N.H. viii. p. 317. pl.2,f.4. DF.

1904 Ps Bs Kob., Conch. Cab.p.243.p1.33,f.5. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. Biggarsberg (Miss Hickey).

01. ENNEA HIMEROTHALES, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Ennea himerothales, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 599. pl. 31,

jigs UB he oO IE

_ Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Port Shepstone (Burnup). Durban (in coll.

Ponsonby).

52. ENNEA Hypsoma, Mely. & Pons.

1909 Ennea hypsoma, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 488. pl. 8, f. 7. DF

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Traps Valley, Bathurst (Farquhar),

76 Annals of the South African Museum.

53. ENNEA INFANS, Craven. [S.A.M.]

1880 Hnnea infans, Crvn., P.Z.S. p. 616. pl. 57, £.6. DF.

1885 i », Lryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 102. pl. 20,

f. 55, 56 DF,

1893 Ennea colliert, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xi. p. 23. pl. 3, £138. DF.

1904 = S . Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 188.p1.23,f.21. DF.

» Linnea infans, Crvn., Kob., Conch, Cab. p. 136. pl. 19, f.18. D.F.

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Lydenburg (Craven). Pretoria District (infans

and collierz) (plentiful). Johannesburg (Gould).

‘Although the type of colliert is longer than that of infans, the two

species merge into one another; H. wottoni, M. & P., is also nearly

allied to Craven’s shell.

54, ENNEA INFRENDENS, von Martens. [isye\ by

1866 Pupa (Hnnea) infrendens, von Mts., Mal. Blatt. xiii. p. 110.

phd, fs 10215 Dae

1868 Ennea infrendens, von Mts., Pfr. Mon. Hel. v. p. 454. D.

1885 ; \ Tryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 98

pl OS f..86, ee

1898 * * Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 23. WN.

1904 53 ce Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 215. pl. 27,

je le ce

» Type—whi ?

Hab. Navan (Queinzius). Durban (Penther). Greenwood Park

(Miss Hickey). Equeefa; Tongaat Beach (Burnup).

Ennea claustraria, M. & P., is very closely allied to this species

if not merely a variety of it.

50. HNNEA INGENS, Sturany.

1898 Hnnea ingens, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 23. pl. 1, 1.9. D.F.

1904 A, » Kob., Coneh. Cab. p. 137. pl. 19; 1.23. Dm

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Natau. Durban (Penther).

56. ENNEA INSTABILIS, Sturany. [S.A.M.]

1898 Ennea instabilis, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 24. pl. 1, f.18. D.F.

1904 3 » Kob.,Conch. Cab. p. 184. pl.23,f.14. DF.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 77

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Natau. Isipingo; Durban (Penther). Equeefa; Lower

Umkomaas; Coast Bush generally, from Port Shepstone to

Tongaat ; Pinetown; Table Mountain (Burnup).

57. ENNEA ISIPINGOENSIS, Sturany. [S.A.M_]

1898 Hnnea tsipingdensis, Stur., S.A. Moll. p, 27. pl. 1, £19. DF.

1904 ‘5 » Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 201. pl. 25,

f,2-5. DF.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Narau. Isipingo (Penther). Dargle; Equeefa; Karkloof ;

Inhluzani; Howick; Mid-Illovo; Ntimbankulu; Pietermaritzburg ;

Edendale ; Table Mountain; Tyeloti, near Botha’s Hill (Burnup).

varr. DISCREPANS, SIMILLIMA, and CYLINDRICA, Sturany.

1898 Ennea isipingéensis, var. discrepans, simillima, and cylindrica,

Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 27. pl. 1, ff. 20, 21, and 22 respectively. DF.

Types in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Narau. Isipingo (Penther).

58. ENNEA JOHANNESBURGENSIS, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1907 Ennea johannesburgensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 95. pl. 6,

fe. IDLE.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaat. Johannesburg (Johnson ; McBean). Potchet-

stroom (Miss Cachet). Standerton (Connolly).

OraNGE FREE State. Bloemfontein (Connolly).

59. ENNEA JUXTIDENS, Melv. & Pons.

1899 Ennea juaxtidens, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 195. pl. 3,f£2. DF.

1904 5 3 Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 234. pl. 32,

foe DE Ee

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Onancre FREE State. Van Reenen (Mrs. Quekett).

60. ENNEA KoSIENsSIS, Melv. & Pons.

1908 Hnnea kosiensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. i. p. 180. pl. 7, £.2. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zuwuvanp. Kosi Bay (Burnup).

78 Annals of the South African Museum.

61. Ennna Krauss, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M.]

1855 Hnnea kraussi, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. ii. p. 174. D.

1856 re. », Novit. Conch. i. p. 73. pl. 20, f. 14-16. DF.

1859 ” » Mon. Hel. iv. p. 341.: D.

1885 cs » Lryon) Man. ot Conch, i. p. 100. ply 19;

bis Sloe p IORI,

1898 Hnnea seyuncta, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 24. pl. 1. f.10-12. DF.

1904 ae » Kob.,Conch.Cab.p.204.pl.25,f.15-17.D.F.

,, Linnea kraussi, Pfr., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 134. pl. 19, f. 19, 20.

DTT.

Type of kraussz in Stettin Museum ; sejwncta in Naturh. Hofmus.

Vienna.

Hab. Natat. Port Natal (Plant). Durban (sejwncta, Penther).

Lower Umkomaas; Tongaat Beach; Umbogintwini; Pinetown

(Burnup).

62. ENNEA LABYRINTHEA, Melv. & Pons.

1895 Ennea labyrinthea, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xvi. p. 479. pl. 18,

je eton OE,

1898 ,, labyrinthica, M. & P., Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 29 (Hrr. typ.).

1904 » labyrinthea, M. & P., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 224. pl. 28,

{°9,.03-. DP.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Farquhar).

63. ENNEA LEPPANI, Sturany.

1898 Ennea leppani, Stur., 8.A. Moll. p. 28. pl. 2, f. 28-25. DP.

1904 = » -Kob., Conch.Cab.p.137.pl.19,f.21,22. DF.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Cars oF Goop Horr. Albany District (Penther).

64, ENNEA MAGNOLIA, sp. nov., pl. 2, f. 1. (S.A.M.]

Shell small, elongate, cylindriform, subrimate, smooth, glossy,

vitreous, transparent. Spire narrow, produced, sides parallel, apex

rounded. Whorls 6, flattish, with practically no sculpture; the

apical small, remainder almost equal in circumference and increasing

very slowly in distance between sutures. Suture shallow, margined

below. Aperture subquadrate; peristome white, slightly thickened

and reflexed, with 2 weak teeth; the parietal, short and pointed ;

the other, little more than a protuberance caused by a slight

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 79

straightening, half-way down, of the outer lip, which forms an

obtuse forward angle at this point.

Shell 4°75 x 1:4; aperture -95 x:85; last whorl 1:8 mm.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Ruovesia. Victoria Falls (Connolly ; Warren).

The contour of the spire, regular in the type, is frequently

irregular, being sometimes crooked, and sometimes swollen towards

the apex. The present species resembles H. cimolia, M. & P., in

form and substance, but is more than twice as large, with much

weaker dentition.

65. ENNEA MARGARETTH, Melv. & Pons.

1895 Hnnea margarette, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xvi. p. 479. pl. 18,

Rel DUE.

1904 > ar Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 185. pl. 23,

fil Gze DLE.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Farquhar).

Founded on a single specimen, not fully mature, whose present

whereabouts has not been ascertained.

66. ENNEA MARIZ, Melv. & Pons.

1892 Ennea maria, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 92. pl.6,f,12. DF.

1904 5 », Kob.,Conch. Cab. p. 220. pl.27,f.11. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Craigie Burn, Somerset Hast (Miss

Bowker).

67. HNNEA MARITZBURGENSIS, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1893 Ennea maritzburgensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 107. pl. 3,

views Shee L/D Yat

1904 - ” Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 198.

pl. 24 fea eer

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narau. Pietermaritzburg (Quekett; Burnup; Ponsonby).

68. ENNEA MENKEANA (Pfeiffer).

1853 Pupa menkeana, Pfr., Mon. Hel. iil. p. 551. D.

1859 Ennea menkeana ,, Novit. Conch. i. p.113.pl. 32, f.3-5. DF.

1878 Pupa menkeana ,, Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 19, f.176. Df.

(Err. Loc.).

80 Annals of the South African Musewm.

1885 Hnnea menkeana, Pfr., Tryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 97. pl. 18,

Oreo OIE,

1904 e »,: Kob.,Conch. Cab.p. 191. pl.24,f.6, “DE.

Hab. Natau. Port Natal (in coll. Menke).

69. ENNEA MICROTHAUMA, Mely. & Pons.

1899 Ennea microthawma, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p.194. pl. 3, f. 1. DF.

1904 a », Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 234. pl. 32,

1g db ye DRS,

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Langley).

Extremely closely allied to the variable HL. farquhari, M. & P.

70. ENNEA mMiINUTA, Morelet.

1889 Ennea pusilla, Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p. 13. pl. 2,f.3. DF.

3 » minuta (=pusilla, Morel., 1889, nec 1881), Morel.,

J. de @. xxxyil.) p, 200:

1898 ,, ambigua, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 29. N.

1904 ,, ménuta, Morel., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 212. pl. 46, f. 22-

OAS DH

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Crawford). Thar-

field (Miss Bowker).

71. ENnEA montana, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Hnnea montana, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 599. pl. 31, f.15. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Mountain Drive, Grahamstown

(Farquhar).

72, ENNEA MULTIDENTATA, Sturany. [S.A.M.]

1898 Hnnea multidentata, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 25. pl. 1,f.16. DF.

1904 Py », Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 195. pl. 24,

tig NS IDS

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Natau. Isipingo (Penther). HEqueefa; Durban ; Alexandra

Junction (Burnup).

73. ENNEA mMuNITA, Melv. & Pons.

1892 Hnnea mumta, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 86. pl. 6, £.5. DF,

1904 * j | isob:., Conch! Cab: p2172 pk aia os sHe

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 81

Type in British Museum, ;

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Griqualand Hast (Sykes).

74. ENNEA NATALENSIS, Craven. [S.A.M.]

1880 Ennea natalensis, Crvn., P.Z.S. p. 619. pl. 57, £.7. DF.

1885 5 ie Tryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 100.

pl. 20; £. 57, 58. DUE.

1904 s » . Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 232. pl. 28, £. 17,

See SE,

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Durban Harbour (Craven; Penther). Isipingo

(Penther). Scottburgh; Lower Umkomaas; Port Shepstone ;

Equeefa; Alexandra Junction; Umbogintwini; Ntimbankulu ;

Tongaat Beach (Burnup).

ZuuvuLaAND. Dukuduku Forest (Toppin).

75. ENNEA NONOTIENSIS, Melv. & Pons.

1894 Ennea nonotiensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xiv. p. 95. pl. 1, £15. DF.

1904 - he Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 181. pl. 23,

6. Oe.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Nonoti (Burnup).

76. ENNEA opovata, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M.]

1855 Ennea obovata, Pfr., P.Z.S. p.9. D.

F » Mal. Blatt. ii. p. 62. D.

1856 “3 » ~Novit. Conch. i. p. 60. pl.17, £ 9-11. DF.

1859 ue » Mon. Hel. iv. p. 340. OD.

1885 i » Tryon, Man.of Conch.i.p.98. pl.19,f.4. DF.

1898 Ennea ampullacea, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 24. pl. 1, f. 14, 15. DF.

1904 fe » Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 204. pl. 25, f. 18,

Gi VD SEr

» Lnnea obovata, Pfr., Kob., Conch. Cab.'p. 194. pl. 24, £13. DF.

Type of obovata in British Museum; ampullacea in Naturh.

Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Natau. Isipingo; Durban (Penther). Equeefa; Lower

Umkomaas; Pinetown; Ntimbankulu; Inchanga; Table Mountain ;

Karkloof (Burnup).

Originally described as from Liberia, but apparently in error, as

no authentic record of its appearance there is in existence.

82 Annals of the South African Museum.

77, ENNEA OPPUGNANS, Mely. & Pons.

1909 Hnnea oppugnans, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 488. pl. 8, £.8. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Traps Valley, Bathurst (Farquhar).

78. ENNEA PARALLELA, Melv. & Pons.

1909 Ennea parallela, M. & P., A.M.N.H, iv. p. 489. pl. 8,£.9. DF.

Type in British Museum. ©

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Farquhar).

79. ENNEA PENTHERI, Sturany.

1898 Hnnea penthert, Stur., 8.A. Moll. p. 30. pl. 2, f. 32, 33. DF.

1904 ih », Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 242. pl. 28, f. 22,

23.) Dir.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab, Narau. Isipingo (Penther).

Carpe oF Goop Hore. Traps Valley, Bathurst (Farquhar).

Closely allied to, but much smaller than, HL. cimolia, M. & P.

80. ENNEA PENTODON, Morelet. [S.A.M.]

1889 EHnnea natalensis, Morel., J. de C., xxxvii. p. 11. pl. 2,f.1. DF.

5, pentodon (=natalensis, Morel., 1889, nec Crvn., 1880),

Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p. 200.

1898 ,, dimomimis, Stur., S.A. Moll. p.18. N.

1904 ,, pentodon, Morel., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 211. pl. 26, f. 19-

2 Du

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Hops. Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

81. ENNEA PERIPLOCA, Melv. & Pons.

1909 Ennea periploca, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 489. pl. 8, f. 10. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. CarE or Goop Hors. Boschberg Mountain, Somerset

East (Farquhar).

82. ENNEA PERISSODONTA, Sturany.

1898 Ennea perissodonta, Stur., 8. A. Moll. p. 26. pl. 1, £18. DF.

1904 ‘4 », Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 201. pl. 25, £. 1.

: DES

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Delagoa Bay (Penther).

Founded on a single example.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 83

83. ENNEA PERSPICUA, Melv. & Pons.

1893 Hniea perspicia, M. & P., A.M-N.H. xi. p. 23. pl. 3, £.12. DF.

~ 1904 ss ys Kob., Conch. Cab. Pe 188. pl. 23,

£22, DEE

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Middelburg (Crawford).

84, ENNEA PERSPICU#FORMIS, Sturany.

1898 Hnnea perspicueformis, Stur., S.A. Moll. p.17. pl. 1, f. 2. DF.

1904 : », Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 189. pl. 23,

£23. DF.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Delagoa Bay (Penther)

Described from a single specimen, only differing from E. perspicua,

M. & P., in its smaller size and fewer whorls.

85.. ENNEA PFEIFFERI (Krauss).

1841 Pupapfeifferi, Krs., Kiist., Conch. Cab. p.87. pl.12,f.17-19. DF.

1848 jeoudair Moll. ps9. D:

3 Pies Mon. Hel. ii. p. 352. D;

1885 Ennea ce Krs., Devon Man. of Conch. i. p. 101. pl. 19,

P9858 DE.

1904 53 », Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 133. pl.19, £.12. DF’.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Carre or Goop Horr. Potteberg; Swellendam (Krauss).

var. MINIATA, Krauss.

1848 Pupa pfeiffert, var. miniata, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 79. D.

~ Fs BS » Pfr., Mon. Hel. ii. p. 353. D,

Hab. ?Transvaau. Mount Mohapaani (Wahlberg).

86. ENNEA PHRAGMA, Melvy. & Pons.

1907 Ennea phragma, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 95. pl.6,£.3. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Waku, Cathcart District, near the

Klipplatz River (Miss Hickey).

87. ENNEA PLANTI, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M.]

1855 Ennea plantt, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. i. p. 1738. D.

1856 + » Novit.-Conch: 1. p(22 pl-20; £95, 6... DE’.

84 Annals of the South African Musewn.

1859 Hnnea planti, Pfr., Mon. Hel. iv. p. 337. D.

1878 Pupa planti 3 sow., Conch; Teon,pliiis {: 169. DF.

1885 Ennea planti ,, Tryon, Man.of Conch.i. p.90.pl.17,f. 25. DF.

1898 be » stun, S.A, Moll. p. 16. NV.

1904 »,5 Kob., Conch. Cab. p.178. pl. 22, f.23,24. DF.

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. Navan (Plant). Durban (Penther). Tongaat Beach

(Burnup).

88. ENNEA potita, Melv. & Pons.

1893 Hnnea polita, M, & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 108. pl. 3, f£.12. D.F.

1904 ss ae Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 195. pl. 24,f.14. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hopx. Tharfield (Miss Bowker).

89. ENNEA PREMNODES, Sturany.

1901 Hnnea premnodes, Stur., Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi. p. 69, £.5. DF.

1905 as » Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 344. pl. 32

(1908), 4.19, DF.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Albany District (Penther).

90. ENNEA PULCHELLA, Melv. & Pons.

1893 Hnnea pulchella, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 108. pl. 3, f. 13. D.F.

1904 3 3 ob, (Conch-SCaby Vp. 197. pl; 24

igeaich 8 SORE

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

91. ENNEA QUEKETTI, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1896 Ennea queketti, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xviii. p. 315. pl. 16, f. 2. DF.

1898 ms - Dturorae Moll. ,.416. JN,

1904 Hnnea queckettc ,, Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 241. pl. 29,

ig ADS DE

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Navan, Umzinto (Canon Pennington). Isipingo (Penther).

Equeefa; Lower Umkomaas ; Durban (Burnup).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 85

92. ENNEA REGULARIS, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1893 Ennea regularis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xi. p. 22. pl.3,f.11. DP.

1904 is » koab., Conch, Cab: ps 187. ple 2s;

line? {0 ay D Ie

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Pietermaritzburg; Albert Falls, Umgeni River

(Burnup). Howick (Cregoe).

93. ENNEA RHODESIANA, sp. nov., pl. 2,f.2. ([S8.A.M.]

Shell small, shortly cylindrical, rimate, rather glossy, translucent,

milky olivaceous. Spire short, apex rounded. Whorls 5, convex,

‘very gradually increasing, covered, after the first two, with well-

defined, subdistant striz. Suture crenulate. Aperture subquad-

rate, furnished with four dental processes; one tooth, thick and

blunted, deeply inset at the upper angle of the columellar region ;

one, small and pointed, slightly to the left centre of the base;

another, of greater length, pointing inwards and downwards, half-

way up the outer lip; and a prominent, somewhat protruding plait,

slightly concave on its right side, at the junction of the outer lip

and paries. Peristome white, thickened and reflexed.

Shell 3°7x1:8; aperture ‘90 1:0; last whorl 2 mm.

Type in South African Museum.

Hab. Ruopesia. Victoria Falls (Connolly).

Easily distinguishable from H. johannesburgensis, M. & P., whose

dentition is very similar.

94. ENNEA ROGERSI, Melv. & Pons.

1898 Ennea rogerst, M. & P., A.M.N.H.'i. p. 26. pl) 8) 6; DEEE

1904 Ss » _. Kob., Conch. Cab. p.179. pl.23,f.1. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Carr or Goop Hors. Cradock Commonage (Farquhar, in

coll. Rogers). Teafontein, Grahamstown (in coll. Fulton).

95. ENNEA SCROBICULATA, Melv. & Pons.

1892 Ennea scrobiculata, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 93. pl.6,£.8. DF.

1904 . = Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 218. pl. 27,

f Sa DEE

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narvat (Layard).

86 Annals of the South African Museum.

96. ENNEA SEPARATA, Sturany. [iS7AcMiEy

1898 Hnnea separata, Stur., S.A. Moll. p: 20 pl wt 7, 8. War

1904 », Kob.,Conch. Cab. p. 202. pl.25,f.8,9. D.F.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna: ;

Hab. Navan. Isipingo; Durban Bluff (Penther). Equeefa ;

Pietermaritzburg ; Table Mountain ; Lower Umkomaas ; Umbogin-

twini; Port Shepstone ; Ntimbankulu (Burnup).

97. ENNEA socratica, Melv. & Pons.

1893 Hnnea socratica, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 109. pl. 3, £14. DF.

1904 fs »» Kob.,Conch.Cab.p.198.pl.24,f.20. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Pietermaritzburg (fide M. & P.).

Founded on a single specimen.

98. ENNEA sytviA, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Ennea sylvia, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 599. pl. 31,£4. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Cape or Goop Horr. Maestrém Forest, Bedford (Har-

quhar).

Nara. Examples from Natal, which have been attributed to this

Species, are now proved to be distinct.

99, ENNEA THARFIELDENSIS, Melv. & Pons.

1893 Hnnea tharfieldensis, M. & P.,A.M.N.H. xii. p.109. pl.3, £15. D.F,

1904 - BS Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 200. pl. 24,

f, 24. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Tharfield (in coll. Layard). Kowie

(Farquhar).

100. ENNEA THELODONTA, Melv. & Pons.

1892 Hnnea thelodonta, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 85. pl. 6,f.4. DF.

1904 ip 55 Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 216. pl. 27,

iB Se Da

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hops. Port Elizabeth (Langley ; Crawford).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 87

[S.A.M.]

101. ENNEA TRANSIENS, Sturany.

1898 Ennea transiens, Stur., §.A. Moll. p. 19. pl 1,f4. DF.

1904 55 » Kob.,Conch. Cab. p. 228. pl. 28,f,10. D.F.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Narva. Durban and neighbourhood (Penther).

Very nearly allied to, if not identical with, wahlbergi, Krs.

102. ENNEA TRIGLOCHIS, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Ennea triglochis, M. & P., ALM.N.H. xii. p. 600. pl. 31, f. 11. DF.

£104: 3E.

. »» virgo 7 i we A

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Narvau. Botha’s Hill (Burnup).

Zuuutanp. Lower Umfolosi Drift (Burnup). Melmoth (Miss

Hickey). Dukuduku Forest and Kosi Bay (Toppin).

Although the types differ slightly, intermediate forms are found of

these two shells, which are now admitted to be conspecific.

103. ENNEA VANDENBROECEI, Melv. & Pons.

1893 Ennea vandenbroecku, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 110. pl. 3,

1 are OLS.

1904 s % Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 199.

pl. 2456225 Dae

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nartat (ex. coll. Vandenbroeck).

Founded on two specimens.

104. ENNEA VANSTAADENSIS, Melv. & Pons.

1893 Ennea vanstaadensis, M.&P., A.M.N.H.xii.p.110. pl.3,f£.17. DF.

1904. ip y Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 199. pl. 24,

f, 23. Di:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carre or Goop Hope.

beth (Crawford).

Van Staadens River, Port Eliza-

105. ENNEA vITREOLA, Melv. & Pons.

1908 Ennea vitreola, M. & P., A.M.N.H. i. p. 180. pl. 7, £.3. DF.

Type in Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg.

Hab. Narvau. Hilton Road (Burnup).

88 Annals of the South African Museum.

106. ENNEA WAHLBERGI (Krauss).

1848 Pupa wahlbergi, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 80. pl. 5, f. 5. DF.

i. », wahlbergu ,, Pfr., Mon. Hel. ii. p. 352. D.

1855 = ,,_~wahlberga ,, Kiist., Conch. Cab. p.158. pl.19,f.6-9. D.F.

1878 ,, walbergi, Pfr., Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 20, £187. D.F.

1885 Hnnea wahlbergi, Krs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 96. pl. 19,

£99. DF.

1904 ‘ », Kob.,Conch.Cab.p.190.p1.24,f.3,4. DF.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Navau (Wahlberg). Durban and neighbourhood ; Isipingo

(Penther, fide Sturany).

Founded on two specimens, which differed from each other both

in sculpture and dentition.

107. ENNEA WARRENI, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1903 Ennea warrenu, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 601. pl. 31, f.7. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zuuvuuanp. Lower Umfolosi Driff (Warren). Makowe

(Crosly). Melmoth (Miss Hickey).

Carr oF Goop Hops. Port St. John’s (Shortridge).

108. ENNEA woTTonlI, Melv. & Pons.

1895 Hnnea wottont, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xvi. p. 479. pl. 18, f.6. DF.

1898 , Stur., S.A. Moll. p.17. WN.

1904 i ” Kob., Conch.Cab.p.186.p1.23,f.18. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carn or Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Farquhar). Albany

District (Penther).

Very closely allied to, if not inseparable from, anfans, Crvn.

109. Ennea xysiuA, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1907 Ennea cysila, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 97. pl. 6, £.6. DF.

var. hyalina, M.&P., ibid. pl.6,f.6a. NF.

” ” ”

Types in British Museum,

Hab. TransvAan. Johannesburg (Johnson; McBean). Pretoria

and surrounding district (McBean ; Connolly). Heidelberg (Miss

Livingston).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 89

Although the extremes of form vary greatly, almost every inter-

mediate grade can be traced, so that the varietal name is hardly

retainable.

110. Ennea zetota, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1907. Hnnea zelota, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 97. pl. 6,17. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nartau, Port Shepstone; Hqueefa (Burnup).

Genus STREPTOSTELEH, Dohrn, 1866.

(Mal. Blitt. xiii. p. 128.)

Type of Genus, S. lotophaga (Morel).

111. SrREPTOSTELE HERMA, sp. nov., pl. 2, f.3. [S.A.M.]

Shell very small, elongate, narrowly rimate, slightly glossy, trans-

lucent, milky olivaceous. Spire produced, tapering, very narrow,

apex rounded. Whorls 7, gradually increasing, little convex, but

impressed at the suture; the first 2 smooth, remainder beautifully

sculptured with rather coarse, irregular, almost straight striae.

Suture deep. Aperture short, piriform, virtually edentulate, the

only processes being an almost imperceptible parietal callosity, and

an incurvation of the outer lip about one-third of its length below

the suture. Peristome not thickened, thinly reflexed.

Shell 4-5 x 1:3; aperture -‘9x°8; last whorl 1-5 mm.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Ruopestia. Victoria Falls (Connolly).

This beautiful little species belongs to a group of Central African

shells which have been placed of late years in Streptostele. As their

columella is not achatinoid, as it should be in Dohrn’s genus, it is

probable that a new section will have to be founded for them.

Famity RHYTIDIDA, Pilsbry, 1898.

(Man. of Conch. viii. p. 135.)

Genus NATALINA, Pilsbry, 1893.

(Man. of Conch. viii. p. 135.)

(= Aerope, Albers, 1860, non Leach, 1813.)

Type of Genus, N. caffra (Fér.).

The species which follow have been variously attributed to

Natalina, or to ERhytida, Albers (Die Helic., 1860, p. 89. Type

greenwoodi, Gray), and its subgenera, Macrocycloides, von Martens

90 Aimals of the South African Museum.

(Preuss. Exp. nach. Ost.-Asien., 1867, Zool. ii. p. 259. Type

obscurata, Ad. & Rve.), and Afrorhytida, Mollendorff (Conch. Cab.,

1903, p. 61. Type knysnaensis, Pfr.).

Very little is known of most of the animals, and subdivision of the

shells, on conchological grounds alone, is by no means satisfactory.

Future research will doubtless provide anatomical grounds for

reclassification, and establish the suggested subgenera on a per-

manent basis. Meanwhile, to facilitate reference, it is more con-

venient to place the species in alphabetical sequence under Natalina.

112. Narauina AarcuTa, Mely. & Pons.

1907 Natalina arguta, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 98. pl. 6,£.8. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. East London (Burnup).

113. NaTALINA BEYRICHI (von Martens).

1890 Aerope beyrichi, von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin,

p-jcon 2,

1894 ry, Conch. Mitth. iii, 3. p.1. OD.

1897 3 5 Archiv. f. Naturg. lxii, 1. p. 30.

DiGi l=3. Dh.

1903 Natalina beyricha ae Mlldff., Conch. Cab. p. 21. pl. 4,

fo 13, pe)

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Carre or Goop Horr. Pondoland (Beyrich).

114. NaTALINA CAFFRA (Férussac). [S.A.M.]

1821 Helix cafra, Fér., Tabl., Syst. Moll. pt. 3. p. 29 (or 25.) N.

1838 - ,, Desh., Hist. Nat. An.g. Vert. viii. p. 107. D.

1848 Helix caffra ,, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 75. N,

ss mM ;, Pir, Mon. Hel-i. 240° BD;

1850 Helix cafra , Desh., Hist. Nat. Moll. i. p. 198. pl. 9a,

tO, DAE.

1851 Helix caffra ,, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 40, £179. DP.

1851, 52_~—Ci,, Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 52. pl. 74, f. 1-3. DF.

1880 Rhytida caffra, Ws Gibb., Journ. of Conch. iii, p. 95. D.

1885 Aerope a » Lryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 131, pl. 26,

£135 MD) Er

1890s, a » Pilsb., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. p. 41.

pl. 1, f.A-F. A.B.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 91

1895 Natalina caffra, Féer., M. Woodw., Proc. Mal. Soc. i. p. 270.

pL tio eA.

1903 a . » Mlldff., Conch. Cab. p.20. pl.3,f.4-7. DF.

Type—ubi ?

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. Caffraria (Delalande). Uitenhage

(fide Férussac). Algoa Bay (Krauss). Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

Grahamstown; Bedford; Bathurst; Kowie (Farquhar). Somerset

East (Miss Bowker). Pirie Mountain (Godfrey).

TransvAaL. Between Delagoa Bay and Lydenburg (Wilms).

Natat. Woods near Natal Bay (Krauss). Along the coast from

Port Shepstone to Tongaat; Pinetown ; Pietermaritzburg ; Karkloof;

Curry’s Post (Burnup).

ZULULAND (in. coll. Layard, who wrote: ‘‘ This species was sent

to me from Natal by the late Mr. H. J. McKen, who told me he

procured it on a battlefield in Zululand, feeding on the putrefying

corpses of the natives slain in one of their tribal fights.”’)

var. WESSELIANA, Maltzan.

1876 Helix caffra, Fér., var. wesseliana, Maltz., Kobelt, Jahrb. d.

deutsch. Mal. Ges. iii. p. 149. pl.5,f.1. DF.

1877 Helix caffra, Fér., var. wesseliana, Maltz., Pfr., Mon. Hel. viii.

paoos. D:

1885 Aerope caffra, Fér., var. wesselliana, Maltz., Tryon, Man. of

Conch. i. p.181. pl. 25, f. 14. DP.

1903 Natalina caffra, Fér., var. wesseliana, Maltz., Mlldff., Conch.

Cabsp:2laph3, to. DT.

Hab. Souts Arrica (fide Kobelt).

ZULULAND (Toppin).

Lorenzo Marquss. Rikatla (Junod).

115. Natauina cAFFRuLA, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1898 Natalina caffrula, M. & P., A.M.N.H.i. p. 24. pl. 8,f.1. DP.

- ‘0 : Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 32. N.

1903 as rf Mlldff., Conch. Cab. p. 23. pl. 4,

f. 4, 8, 2D

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. Knysna (Purcell). North bank of

Zwartkops River, Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

Lorenzo Marques. Matolla (Penther, fide Sturany).

Natau. Durban (Penther, fide Sturany).

92 Annals of the South African Museum.

116. NATALINA CHAPLINI, Melv. & Pons.

1894 Natalina chaplini, M: & P., A.M.N.H. xiv. p. 91. pl.1,f.3. DP.

1895 3 . xV.p- 165. pl. 125120. 22

1903 Rhytida (Warroovcloden chaplim, M. & P., Mildff., Conch.

Cab. p. 58. pl. 10, f. 15-17. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Carr or Goop Horr. Kamachs, 5 miles west of Uitenhage

(Crawford).

117. NaTALINA CHNOTERA (Mely. & Pons). [S.A.M.]

1892 Heliw (Macrocyclis) cenotera, M. & P., A.M.N.H. x. p. 238.

pleco fe ODE. ;

1903 Rhytida (Macrocycloides) cenotera, M. & P., Mildff., Conch.

Cah o.oo pl. 10, f. 195 Dar.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. “8. Arrica” (Trimen).

Carpe oF Goop Horr. Tharfield (Schoénland). Grahamstown

(Farquhar). Somerset East (Miss Bowker; Purcell). Port Alfred

(Crawford). Pirie Mountain (Godfrey).

Natau, Pietermaritzburg; Port Shepstone; Howick (Burnup).

Majuba (Connolly).

ZuLuULAND. Hlabisa (Burnup). Dukuduku (Toppin).

118. NaTALINA COERNEYENSIS, Mely. & Pons.

1894 Natalina coerneyensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H., xiv. p. 91. pl. 1, f. 2.

Dit

1903 Rhytida (Afrorhytida) coerneyensis, M. & P., Mlldff., Conch.

Cab. p. 64. pl. 11, £8. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Coerney; Sandflats Station (Craw-

ford).

Natat (in coll. Layard, fide M. & P.).

119. Nataina cosmia (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

1850 Helix munda, Benson, A.M.N.H. vi. p. 253. D.

1851 ,, cerea, Pfr. (=munda, Bs. 1850, nec Adams 1849), Pfr.,

Zeitschr. f. Malak. viii. p. 16. LN.

1852 ,, cosmia, Pir. (=cerea, Pfr. 1851, nec Gould. 1850), Pir.,

Zeitschr. f. Malak. ix. p.112. N.

1853. =; ‘3 » Mon. Hel. iii, p.94. D.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 93

1853 Helix cosmia, Pfr., Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 178, f. 1174. DF.

1854 =, Pr ,, Conch. Cab. p.389. pl. 143 (1852), f.6-8. DP.

1864 ,, omphalion, Bs., A.M.N.H. xiii. p. 494. D.

H868. _,; >, Pfr: Mon. Hel.-y; p. Lass D)

SST” (Pella) cosmia, Pfr., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 106.

pl. 20, f. 80. DF.

1898 Natalina cosmea, Pfr. (=omphalion, Bs.), M. & P., Proc. Mal.

Soe, ili. p. 170.

1903 Rhytida (Macrocycloides) cosmia, Pfr., Mlldff., Conch. Cab.

p. 60. pl. 10, f. 23-25. DF.

Type of cosmia—ubi ? Specimens of omphalion, ex auct., in

University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. Carr Preninsuna. Lion’s Head, near Camp’s Bay (munda,

Benson). Top of Table Mountain, overlooking Cape Town (cerea,

Layard). Kalk Bay (Lightfoot), Simonstown (omphalion, ‘‘ fide

Hawkins,”’ Benson).

120, NaTaLINA DUMETICOLA (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1851 Helix dumeticola, Bs., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 106. D.

1854 e », Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 390. pl. 143 (1852),

f.16-18. D.F.

1853 es os 3) Mons Hel. 111: p., 93: ~D;

os 5 ve., Conch: Icon. pl. 173,14, 1172) Dr.

1856 > AEMEINGE. xvill.p. 437. iN.

1887 Helix (Pella) dumeticola, Bs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 106.

pl 20,4. 792, sr.

1903 Rhyteda (Macrocycloides) dumeticola, Bs., Mudff., Conch. Cab.

p. 59. pl. 10, f. 20-22. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carre Prninsuta. Green Point; Simonstown; Simon’s

Bay (Benson). Camp’s Bay (Layard). Hout Bay; sean

Kommetje (Connolly); Robben Island (Fisk).

121. Natatina EvmactTA (Melv. & Pons.).

1892 Helix (Aerope) ewmacta, M. & P., A.M.N.H. x. p. 287. pl. 13,

f.4. DF.

1903 Natalina ewmacta, M. & P., Mlldff., Conch. Cab. p. 22. pl. 3,

fe Oh WO ae

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hore (not Natal). Bashee River, Idutywa

(Crawford).

94 Annals of the South African Museum.

122. NaranIna INHLUZANA (Melv. & Pons.).

1894 Helix (Dorcasia) nhluzana, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xiv. p. 91. pl. 1,

ing oem Dy al

1895 Dorcasia inhluzana, M.& P., A.M.N.H. xv. p. 165. pl.12,£.6.

1903 ERhytida (Afrorhytida) inhluziana, M. & P., Mlldff., Conch. Cab.

p64: pled tv, Dare

1907 os inhluzana, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 99. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narvau. Inhluzani Mountain (Mrs. Shaw).

‘“‘ Nearly allied to, if not a variety of, R. kraussi, Pfr.” (M. & P.,

1907).

123. NATALINA INSIGNIS, Melv. & Pons.

1907 Natalina insignis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 98. pl. 6,£.9. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Cargror Goop Horr. Teafontein, Grahamstown (Farquhar).

124, NATALINA KNYSNAENSIS (Pfeiffer). [See E]

1845 Helix knysnaensis, Pfr., P.Z.8. p. 131. D.

1846 Pe ) . oo MONGEiexval, p.439: > 2D:

1847 as eh Abb) tssbeschr.. i, spr Consple

fp oO: OE,

1848 * ». Won, Elela. ip. 84: > D:

1852 - », ve., Conch. Icon. pl. 177, £. 403. DF.

1853 ff ,, Conch. Cab. p. 3438. pl. 133 (1882),

fO;nOs) Darr

1887 Helia (Pella) knysnaensis, Pfr., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii.

pe LOG Mpls 20) fiato; (se

1889 Aerope knysnaensis, Pfr., Pilsb., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

PD. 20t. pl, f A=G.w eee Arye

1890 rf , Jfilsb., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

p.41. N.

1903 Rhytida (Afrorhytida) knysnaensis, Pfr., Mlldff., Conch. Cab.

p: Ol. plalietOs Oe.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops. Knysna (coll. Cuming). Port Eliza-

beth (Crawford; Farquhar). Somerset Hast (Miss Bowker).

125. NavTaLina KRAUvSSI (Pfeiffer).

1846 Helia kraussi, Pfr., Symb. iii. p. 70. D.

1848 __s,, %, =) Mon Eel asp. 197.) 2:

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 95

1848 Helix kraussi, Pfr., Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 77. pl. 4, f. 24. DF.

1851 ,, sturmiana, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 253. D.

B53; us », Mont Helis ps 1503s 2:

a 3 ,, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 168, f.11382. D.F:

1854 ,, kraussi, Pfr., Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 198, f.1391. D.F.

es , sturmiana, Pir., A.M.N.H. xiii. p. 142. D.

x 5 - ,, Conch. Cab. p. 397. pl. 144 (1852), f. 3, 4.

ID Ta

1888 ,, (Acusta) kraussi, Pir., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iv. p. 50.

PLO wie SOn. DE.

1890 ,, sturmiana, Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. vi. pl. 36, f. 28,

298 Et

1895 Lhytida kraussi, Pfr., Cooke, Camb. Nat. Hist., Moll. & Brach.

Deze, to L39!) fr.

1898 », Kkrausst » (=sturmiana), M. & P., Proc. Mal. Soc.

ine p. 170:

1903 » (Afrorhytida) krausst, Pfr., Mlldff., Conch. Cab. p. 63.

Dit Meo. sD UE.

Type of stwrmiana in British Museum; krawss_—ubi ?

Hab. Carr oF Goop Horr. Outeniqua, George District (Krauss).

Knysna (fide Pfeiffer). Tharfield (Miss Bowker) and Grahamstown

(Miss Glanville, fide Layard).

ORANGE FREE State. Van Reenen, Drakensberg (Burnup).

Sturmiana was described from a shell in the Cuming collection,

“Hab. ?”’ but in the Nomenclator Pfeiffer gives the locality Delagoa

Bay.

N. inhluzana (M. & P.) is possibly a variety of krausse.

126. Navtatina ticHtrooTiana, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1909 Natalina lightfootiana, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 490. pl. 8,

es page Dy cis

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Horr. Swellendam (Lightfoot). Montagu

(Connolly).

As the shell of this species is not glossy, but dull, and the animal,

to the best of my belief, not carnivorous, it probably belongs to a

different family.

127. NATALINA LILIACHA, Preston.

1912 Natalina lilcacea, Prest., Proc. Mal. Soc. x. p.17. D.F.

Type in coll. Dautzenberg.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Knysna Forest (Cox).

96 Annals of the South African Museum.

128. NaTALINA LIPAROXANTHA (Mely. and Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1892 Helia (Macrocyclis) liparoxantha, M. & P., A.M.N.H. x. p. 238.

ple weet 38.) Die

1903 Rhytida (Macrocycloides) iparoxantha, M. & P., Mildff., Conch.

Cab. p. 58. pl. 10, f. 18. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Pietermaritzburg; Pinetown; Table Mountain ;

Port Shepstone (Burnup).

ZULULAND. MHlabisa (Burnup).

Care oF Goop Hops. Transkei (Weisbecker).

Very closely allied to N. coenotera (M. & P.) and vernicosa (Krs.).

129. NATALINA OCONNORI, Preston,

1912 Natalina oconnort, Prest., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 445. D.F.

Type in coll. Preston.

Hab. Carre oF Goop Hors. Ceres District (O’Connor).

130. NATALINA QUEKETTIANA (Melv. & Pons.).

1893 Helix (Macrocyclis) quekettiana, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xi. p. 103.

plist De.

1903 Rhytida (Afrorhytida) queckettiana, M. & P., Mlldff., Conch.

Cab. p. 63. pl. 11, f.4. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Town Bush, Pietermaritzburg (Quekett).

131. Navauina scHAERFI& (Pfeiffer).

1861 Helix schaerfie, Pir., Mal. Blatt. viii. p. 73. pl. 2, f£.1-3. DF.

1864 - 99) Ss, AMEN, Ee di, 10,4 ee

1868 3 », Mon. Hel. v. p. 242. D.

1886 ‘ » ob., Conch, Cab. p. 615: pl. 178, 1.16:

D.F.

1890 Helix (Ampelita) schaerfiz, Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. vi.

eee ih Te SR CIO, e)iin Ly 5 VOM as

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Bredas Bosch, Gnadenthal District

(Mrs. Scharf). Oudebosch ; Bredasdorp (Layard).

132. NATALINA TARACHODES, sp. nov., pl. 2, f. 4. [S.A.M.]

Shell small, depressed, rounded, broadly and deeply umbilicate,

very glossy, transparent, golden corneous. Spire not elevated.

Whorls 44, flattened above, but not carinated, rapidly increasing

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 97

covered with very faint, regular, curved stris, which are still fainter

on the under side. Suture simple, shallow. Aperture nearly circular,

descending a little in front. Peristome thin, simple, receding sharply

in profile from above. Columella very weak, concave, without marginal

reflexion.

Diam. maj. 8, min. 7; alt. 3°3; apert. alt. 3-2, lat. 3°7 mm.

Radular formula 12+0+12 x 35.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr Prntnsuta (generally distributed).

This little species has been known for fifty years, but has been

generally misidentified as vernicosa, Krauss, or bullacea, Pfr., under

one of which names it appears in many museum and private collec-

tions. It is a far smaller form than vernicosa, with the type of

which I have compared it, while bwllacea is an Australian species,

non-existent in South Africa. N. vernicosa, var. minor, Pfr., from

Natal, which I have not seen, may be near akin to tarachodes, but,

if so, is worthy of specific rank.

133. NATALINA TRIMENI (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1892 Helix (Aerope) triment, M. & P., A.M.N.H. x. p. 237. pl. 18,

fel, Doe

1893 Natalina tremeni, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. viii. p. 135.

(Err. typ.)

1895 Fs triment, M. & P., Pace., Proc. Mal. Soc.i. p. 232. A.f.

1903 Rhytida (Afrorhytida) trimeni, M. & P., Mlldff., Conch. Cab.

peO2s pl tinted. DP.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. ‘“S, Arrica” (Trimen).

Care or Goop Horr. Somerset East (Miss Bowker). Grahams-

town ; Cradock (Farquhar). Kowie, Port Alfred (Crawford). Wit-

moss (Reeve),

134. NAaTALINA VERNICOSA (Krauss).

1848 Helix vernicosa, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 76. pl. 4, £23. DF.

Pir., Zeitschr. f. Malak, v. p. 93. D.

? LB)

1850 2 BS, AMEN Bowie 04 see

1851 a ,, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 43, f.198. D.F.

1853 Ms »» £ir:, Mon, Hell auypy don.

1879 Rhytida vernicosa, Krs., Binn., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. i. p. 355.

pl; 14, fo Eee:

98 Annals of the South African Museum.

1884 Rhytida vernicosa, Krs., Binn., Ann. N.Y, Acad. Sci. iii. p. 82.

pli be sh.

1885 Elea vernicosa, Krs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 180. pl. 28,

f, 52-54. DF.

1903 Rhytida (Macrocycloides) vernicosa, Krs., Mlldff., Conch. Cab.

p. 57. pl. 10, f, 12-14. DF.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Natau (Wahlberg).

Care oF Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (fide Morelet), Grahams-

town (Miss Glanville, fide Layard).

A good deal of confusion has existed with regard to this species,

and it is by no means certain that some of the specimens described

or figured by the foregoing authors, especially Binney and Médllen-

dorff, are correctly identified.

The type appears to be an immature example, nearly akin to

N. liparoxantha (M. & P.).

var. MINOR, Pfeiffer.

1853 Helix vernicosa, Krs., var. minor, Pfr., Mon. Hel. iii. p. 95. D.

1885 Elea * ys 5) e£ryon; Man. of Conch. a,

p.idi. aN,

“var. 3. Mvnor, costulis superficiei obsoletioribus ”’ (Pfr., l.c.).

Hab. Nartat (fide Pfeiffer).

135. NATALINA ViRIDESCENS (Melv. & Pons.). _ [S.A.M.]

1891 Helix (Patula) viridescens, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p. 238. D.

1892 5s a ; _ ix pleat. Le ey

a 38 s 4 Piisb., Man. of Conch. viii.

p.. (8s pl 30) 1.32. Da:

1903 Rhytida (Macrocycloides) viridescens, M. & P., Mlldff., Conch.

Cab. p:-61. plo 1058.26. Da,

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Pretoria (Farquhar; McBean).

Natau. Dargle; Inhluzani (Burnup).

TRIBE HOLOGNATHA, W. G. Binney, 1878.

(Moll. United States, v. p. 81.)

Famity ZONITIDA, Morch, 1863.

(Vid. Med. naturhist. Foren. Copenhagen, p. 267.)

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 99

Susp-Faminy HELICARIONINA, Godwin-Austen, 1883.

(Moll. of India, pt. 4, p. 146.)

Genus ZINGIS, von Martens, 1878.

(Monats-Ber. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 290.)

(=Sheldonia, Ancey, 1888.)

Type of Genus, Z. radiolata, von Mts.

136. ZINGIs CRAWFORDI (Mely. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1890 Helix (Pella) crawfordi, M. & P., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 469. D.

1892 sf Ps ix.p.94.pl.4,f£.4. 2.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) Saetren M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

wie pol46; pl so; f. 10. Df.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. Middleton; Kleinpoort, Graff Reinet

line (Crawford). Cradock (Farquhar). Witmoss (Reeve). Somerset

East (in S.A. Museum).

137. Zinais pevicaTA, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1895 Zingis delicata, M. & P., AM.N.H. xv. p. 163. pl.12,f.1. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carre or Goop Hors. Knysna District (Cox; O’Connor ;

Purcell).

138. Zincis HAYGARTHI, Mely. & Pons.

1899 Zingis haygarthi, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 195. pl. 3, £.3. DP.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zounvuvtannd. ’Nkhandla Forest (Haygarth).

139. Zincis MINYTHODES (Mely. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1892 Helix (Pella) minythodes, M. & P., A.M.N.H. x. p. 240. pl. 138,

. fOr eDEEr.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) minythodes, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of

Conch. viii. p. 144. pl. 35, f. 15. DP.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hops. Craigie Burn, Somerset East

(Crawford).

140. ZInGIS PERLEVIS, Preston.

1912 Zingis perlevis, Prest., Proc. Mal. Soc. x. p.17. D.F.

Type in coll. Dautzenberg.

Hab. Cars or Goop Horz. Knysna Forest (Cox).

Possibly better placed in Peltatine.

100 Annals of the South African Musewm.

141. ZiIncGis ROSENBERGI, Preston.

1909 Zingis rosenbergi, Prest., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 498. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Pietersburg (fide Preston).

142. Zinais THERMARUM, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1909 Zingis thermarum, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 491. pl. 8, f.14. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. TRANsvAAL. Warmbaths; Pietpotgietersrust (Connolly).

Ruopesia. Unmtali (in S.A. Museum).

Genus HELICARION, Férussac, 1821.

(Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3, p. 23 (or 19), as Helixarion, emend. p. 71 (or 67).

Type of Genus, H. cwviert, Fér.

Most of the following species should doubtless be placed in

Peltatine, but, without knowledge of the animal, it is impossible

to determine their exact generic position.

143. HELicaRIon CHRYSOPRASINUS (Melv. & Pons.). *

1892 Vitrina chrysoprasina, M.&P., A.M.N.H.x.p.241. pl.13,f£11. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Catheart (ex coll. Wotton).

ORANGE FREE State. Thaba N’chu (Connolly).

The locality—Pretoria—given for the type is almost undoubtedly

erroneous.

144, HELICARION COXxI, Preston.

1912 Helicarion coxi, Prest., Proc. Mal. Soc. x. p. 16. DF.

Type in coll. Dautzenberg.

Hab. Caprg or Goop Horr. Knysna (Cox).

145. HrenicaRION KNYSNAENSIS, Preston.

1912 Helicarion knysnaensis, Prest., Proc. Mal. Soc. x. p.16. DF.

Type in coll. Dautzenberg.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Knysna (Cox).

146. HeELIcARION PLANTI (Pfeiffer).

1856 Vitrina planti, Pir., P.Z.S., p. 324. D.

1859 aR 7) Non Hicliv. p. (92. 2D.

1862 a »» Atve:, Conch, Icon. pl. 8, f. 57:- DP.

1885 Vitrina (Gallandia) plants, Pfr., Tryon, Man. of Conch.i. p.157. D.

* Since the above was printed, this Species has been proved to belong to

Microkerkus.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 101

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natat (Plant).

A very distinct species, perhaps more nearly akin to true Hel-

carion than others of the present group.

147, Henicarion puminio, Melv. & Pons. *

1909 Helicarion pumilio, M.& P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 490. pl. 8, £. 11. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Zoutpansberg (Cregoe).

148. HELICARION RUSSOFULGENS, Melv. & Pons.

1909 Helicarion russofulgens, M.&P.,A.M.N.H.iv.p.490.pl.8,f£12. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zvuuvutand. Eshowe (Lady Saunders).

Natau. Tongaat (Burnup). ? Hilton Road (fide M. & P.)

149. HELICARION TRANSVAALENSIS (Craven).

1880 Vitrina transvaalensis, Cryn., P.Z.S. p. 615. pl. 57, f.3. DF.

1885 » (Gallandia) transvaalensis, Cryn., Tryon, Man. of Conch.

1p) Lobepl. 34,7, 88, 89. DP.

1912 ‘‘New Genus?” transvaalensis, Crvn., G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix.

p. 128.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Lydenburg (Craven).

Natat. Majuba (Connolly).

BasutoutanD. Mont-aux-Sources (Warren).

150. HeLicaRION VANDENBROECKI (Craven).

1880 Vitrina vandenbroecki, Crvn., P.Z.S. p. 615. pl. 57, £4. DF.

1885 » (Gallandia) vandenbroeckii, Crvn., Tryon, Man. of

Conch. 1p: 156, pl. 34, t 90; 9 Dae

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Lydenburg (Craven).

Sus-Famity TROCHONANININ AS (nov.).

Genus MARTENSIA, Semper, 1870.

(Reis. im Archip. Philippin., ii, 3. p. 42.)

(= Ledoulxia, Bgt., 1885, pars.)

Type of Genus, M. mozambicensis (Pfr.).

* This Species has just been constituted Type of the new Genus Andrarion,

Godwin-Austen, .

102 Annals of the South African Musewm.

151. Marrensta MozAMBICENSIS (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

1855 Helix mozambicensis, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 91. pl sl f/95. Deer

1859 Fe 5 MonrHelfivep 32. dD.

1869 7 *,, Novit. Conch. ii. p. 499. pl. 108,

f...1—3.,. DF.

1870 Martensia mossambicensis, Pty., Semp., Reis. Archip. Philippin.

il} S.0ps 420 pls, t,0-pl6,i-10. AR.

1874 " mozambicensis, Pfr., Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 49. D.

1881 Hela mozambicensis, Pir., Dohrn, Conch. Cab. p. 609. pl. 177,

figs OLE.

1883 Trochomorpha mozambica, Bgt., Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, xv.p.107. L.

1885 Trochonanina mozambicensis, Pfr., Bgt., Hélixarionidées, p.7. N.

1886 Nanina (Martensia) mozambicensis, Pfr., Tryon, Man. of Conch.

i p.-00. pl. 24, 1.80. DF.

1889 Trochonanina mozambicensis, Pfr., Bgt., Moll. de l’Afr. équat.

peal7 NE

1894 Te » ‘smith., Proc. Mal. Soc. :t.

p. 164. N.

1895 Martensia mozambicensis, Pfr., G.-Aust., Proc. Mal. Soe. i.

Deols plage e eA. r

1897 Trochonanna (Martensia) mossambicensis, Pfir., von Mts.,

DO ates: e240 sql) Mi On RD uEL sp 2.96.1 eNe

1907 Martensia mossambicensis, Pfr., Melv. & Standen, Manchester

Memoirs, li, 4. p. 9. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Tette (Peters). Movene (Penther).

TRANSVAAL. Barberton (Fry). Zoutpansberg (Cregoe).

RuovEsiA. Salisbury (Miss Weineck).

Widely distributed in East Africa.

von Martens (1897) considers Trochonanina livingstomana, Ancey,

from Nyassa, to be merely a small, high form of this species.

var. ALBOPICTA, von Martens.

1869 Nanna mossambicensis, Pfr., var. albopicta, von Mts., von der

Decken’s Reisen in Ostafrica, iii. p. 56. pl. 1, f.2. DF.

1878 Trochonamna mossambicensis, Pir., var. albopicta, von Mts.,

Monats-Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 289. N.

1885 3 anceyt, Bgt., Helixarionidées, p. 9. D.

», Ledoulxia albopicta, von Mts., Bgt., Helixarionidées, p. 12. N.

1886 Martensia mozambicensis, Pfr., var. albopicta, von Mts., Tryon,

Man. of Conch. ii. p. 50. N.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 103

1889 Trochonanina anceyi, Bgt., Moll. de l’Afr. équat. p. 20. D.

1897 o mossambicensis, Pfr., var. albopicta, von Mts.,

D,-O.-Afr. p. 47. D.

Hab. Mozampique. Tette (Peters).

Occurring, often in company with the normal form, in many

parts of Hast Africa.

var. ELATIOR, von Martens.

1866 Trochomorpha? mossambicensis, Pfr., var. elatior, von Mts.,

Mal. Blatt. xiii. p. 92. D.

1869 Helix mozambicensis, var. elatior, von Mts., Pfr., Novit. Conch.

ili. p. 500. pl. 108, f. 4-6. DF.

1874 Martensia mozambicensis, Pfr., var. elatior, von Mts., Jick.,

Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 50. N.

1897 Trochenamna mossambicensis, Pfr., var. elatior, von Mts.,

D.-O--Afr. p. 47. pl. 3,89. DF.

Hab. Lorenzo Marquess. Ikchongove (? Itschongove), (Schenck).

Not so plentiful, but rather more widely distributed than the

normal form, occurring as far north as Abyssinia (von Martens).

Genus TROCHOMORPHA, Albers, 1850.

(Die Helic., p. 116.)

Type of Genus, 7. trochiformis (Fér.).

152. TRocHOMORPHA PLACENTA, Melv. & Pons.

1899 Trochomorpha placenta, M.&P.,A.M.N.H.iv.p.197. pl.3,f.9. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zuuvwand. ’Nkandhla Forest (Haygarth).

Genus TROCHOZONITES, Pfeffer, 1883.

(Abhandl. Naturwiss. Verein. Hamburg, vii, 2. p. 23.)

Type of Genus, 7. percarinatus (von Mts.).

153. TRocHozoniITES DiorYX, Melv. & Pons.

1892 Helix (Trochozonites) dioryx, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 89. pl. 5,

fe. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Robbe Bay, Port Nolloth (Layard).

104 Annals of the South African Museum.

Genus THAPSIELLA, Gude, 1911.

(Proc. Mal. Soe. ix. p. 272.)

Type of Genus, 7. masakuensis (Smith).

154, THAPSIELLA CONNOLLYI, Preston.

1912 Thapsiella connollyt, Prest., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 70, £.3. DF.

Type in coll. Preston.

Hab. Ruopesia. Victoria Falls (Connolly).

SuB-Famity PELTATIN A, Godwin-Austen, 1912.

(A.M.N.H. ix. pp. 124, 126.)

Genus PELTATUS, Godwin-Austen, 1908.

(A.M.N.H. i. p. 131.)

Type of Genus, P. alozcola (M. & P.).

155. Peutatus AaLorcona (Melv. & Pons.).

1890 Vitrina huttoniea, Bs., var.aloicola, M.& P., A.M.N.H.vi. p.467. D.

1908 Peltatus hudsone, Bs., G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. i. p. 131. pl. 8, f. 1.

D.F.A.

1912 - aloicola, M. & P., G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 180. pl. 4,

fend.) DA ie

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth, North End and

Rufane Vale, living on aloes (Crawford).

156. PELTATUS ARNOTTI (Benson).

1864 Helix arnotti, Bs., A.M.N.H. xiii. p. 491. WD.

1868 a * (Pir) Mon Elelav-spaoe. |,

1909 Zingis arnottz ,, M.&P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 491. pl. 8, 1.16. NP.

1912 Peltatus ,, » G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 137. WN.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Horr. Colesberg (Arnott).

157, Pentratus ASTHENES (Melv. & Pons.).

1907 Helicarion asthenes, M.& P., A.M.N.H.xix.p.99.pl.6,f.10. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Cradock (Farquhar).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 105

158. PELTATUS CALEDONENSIS, Godwin-Austen.

1912 Peltatus caledonensis, G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 132, pl. 2, f. 1.

fleets Dlk.O, t. Ly WD): Asli,

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Houw Hoek (Connolly).

159. PeLTaTus CAPSULA (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1864 Helix capsula, Bs., A.M.N.H. xiii. p. 492. D.

1868 + 5) bir. Mion. Eel; v. p62. D:

1892 Nanina hypochlora, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 87. pl. 4,£.8. DP.

1912 Peltatus capsula, Bs.,G.-Aust., A.M.N.H.ix.p.133.pl.7,£.2. D.A.

Type of capsula in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge ;

hypochlora in British Museum.

Hab. Care PrninsuLA. Simonstown (Layard; Connolly).

Hypochlora was described from ‘“‘ Cape of Good Hope (Layard) ” ;

Colonel Godwin-Austen has assisted me to compare the type with

capsula, and agrees that the two species are inseparable.

160. PELTATUS COTYLEDONIS (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1850 Helix cotyledonis, Bs., A.M.N.H. v. p. 216. D.

1852 Bs 5, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 124, f. 740. DF.

1853 bs ete Mom. lela. pol. 2;

1854 me » 3» Coneh. Cab. p. 376. pl. 141-852),

leas WOM aD

1887 Helix (Pella) cotyledonis, Bs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 103.

ids PAU Raia ees IONE

1912 Peltatus cotyledonis, Bs., G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 184. AR.

Specimens ex auct. in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. CargE or Goop Horr. Simonstown (Benson). Kalk Bay

(Layard). Fish Hoek; Hermanus; Saldanha Bay and Stumpnose,

Malmesbury District (Lightfoot). Kommetje; Buffelsfontein, near

Cape Point (Connolly).

161. Penratrus HUDSON (Benson).

1864 Helix hudsonia, Bs., A.M.N.H. xiii. p. 493. D.

1868 - » Lir., Mon. Hel. y.p. 104 2D:

1890 Vitrina huttonie ,, M. & P., A.M.N.H. vi. pp. 467, 468. JN.

(Err. typ.)

1893 Pella (Gallandia) hudsonie, Bs., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. viii.

p. 1385. N.

106 Annals of the South African Museum.

1912 Helix hudsonie, Bs., G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix. p.129. DN.

Probable type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Hors. Riversdale (Mrs. Hudson).

var. RUFOFILOSUS, Melv. & Pons.

1890 Vitrina huttonie,Bs.,var.rufofilosa,M.& P.,A.M.N.H.vi.p.467. D.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Rufane Vale, Port Elizabeth

(Crawford).

var. MERIDIONALIS, Mely. & Pons.

1890 Vitrina huttonie, Bs., var. meridionalis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. vi.

p. 467. D.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth, North end

(Crawford).

It is by no means certain whether these two varieties should be

referred to hudsone@ or to aloicola, M. & P.

162. PaLTaTuS NATALENSIS (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

1846 Helix natalensis, Pfr., Symb. ii. p. 65. D.

1848 5 >) Whons Hele 79.29°, 2:

1849 - », Conch. Cab. p. 231. pl. 29 (18438), f. 30-

BW | DIE

1854 ,», wve., Conch: Icon. pl. 179) 1: 12275 De.

1887 Helix (Pella) natalensis, Pfr., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 103.

ple 20 08.2 sET.

1889 Ariophanta (Zingis) natalensis, Pfr., Pilsb., Proce. Acad. Nat.

Sci: Phila. p. 279. pl 954. El ACE.

1912 Peltatus natalensis, Pir., G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 136. pl. 3,

fe omOlwOs to ue) ie Awhes

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. Nata. Port Natal (Menke).

Care or Goop Hors. Port Elizabeth (Crawford ; Farquhar).

163. PELTATUS PELLICULA (Férussac).

1821 Helix (Helicolimax) pellicula, Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3.

p. 20 (or 2). 22:

1842 Vitrina pellicula, Fér., Pfr., Symb. 1. p. 17. D.

1848 “ ; > Mon-Elel sii peo0d.- D:

1851 5 », Desh., Hist. nat. Moll. i. p. 96”. pl. 9a,

f.5-7. DF.

1862 » ve., Conch. Icon. pl. 8, f. 56. DF.

1885 Vitrina (Gages pellicula, Fér., Tryon, Man. of Conch.

i, p. 157. pl. 34, f. 95, 96. DF,

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 107

Type whe ?

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. “On aloes” (Delalande). Port

Elizabeth (fide Crawford).

Not the Helix pellicula, Fér., of Pfr., 1851 (Conch. Cab. p. 47), nor

of Desh., 1850 (Hist. nat. Moll. i. p. 204), which is trifasciate, and

apparently a West Indian species. The true pellicula would appear

to be a Peltatus, possibly identical with alozcola.

164. PeLTATUS PHYTOSTYLUS (Benson).

1864 Helix phytostylus, Bs., A.M.N.H, xiii. p. 492. D.

1868 7. 7) ir, Mon. Hell v. p..52. “D:

1912 Peltatus phytostylus, Bs.,G.-Aust., A.M.N.H.ix. pp. 127,187. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Colesberg (Arnott). Riversdale,

Swellendam District (Mrs. Hudson). Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

165. PELTATUS TROTTERIANUS (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1848 Helix trottercana, Bs., A.M.N.H. ii. p. 161. D.

1852 »» Ryve., Conch. Icon. pl. 124, f. 745. DF.

1853 a 3) ete, Mon. Hel. ui. p. 29, 2D:

1854 vs »» », Conch. Cab. p. 388. pl. 143 (1852),

feel ee ae

1887 Helix (Pella) trotteriana, Bs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 103.

pl 20h. Or. eDE.

1912 Peltatus trotteriana, Bs., G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 135. pl. 5,

PpaepleiOntne ken), A. te.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops. Uitenhage (Trotter). Port Hliza-

beth (Crawford). Knysna (Purcell). Cradock (Farquhar). Bokke-

veldt (Layard).

Basutonanp. Maseru (Sclater).

Genus KERKOPHORUS, Godwin-Austen, 1912.

(A.M.N.H. ix. p. 127.)

Type of Genus, K. znunctus (M. & P.).

166. KeERKOPHORUS AMPLIATUS (Mely. & Pons.).

1899 Zingis ampliata, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 196. pl. 3, f. 5. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natat. Durban (Burnup).

Apparently near akin to natalensis, Krs.

: 3)

108 Annals of the South African Museum.

167. KERKOPHORUS CINGULATUS (Mely. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1890 Vitrina cingulata, M. & P., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 466. D.

1892 3 - A ix. 04, pl. O, f, Ga eare

Type in British Museum,

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Bellevue; Tootabi, near Alicedale ;

Alexandria District (Crawford). Bedford (Farquhar). Port St.

John’s (Shortridge). Kentani (Miss Pegler).

It is questionable whether this species is separable from the

Natalian poeppigt, Menke, which it much resembles.

168. KerxopHorus corneus (Pfeiffer).

1846 Vitrina cornea, Pfr., Symb. i. p. 81. D.

1848 af » Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 74. N.

a #1 » Mon. Hel. ii. 1p.505, D.

1854 ay », Conch. Cab. p, 21. pl. 2, f. 31-33. DF.

1862 5, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 4, f 24. DUE.

18385 Vara (Gallanaia) cornea, Pfr., Tryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 157.

pl. 34, f.92-94. D.F.

1912 Kerkophorus corneus ? Pfr., G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix. p, 187. pl. 1,

fd. A.

Type in Stettin: Museum.

Hab. Natau. Port Natal (Menke).

CarE OF Goop Horr. Eastern Province (Krauss). Port Hliza-

beth (fide Morelet).

169. KeRKOPHORUS FUSCICOLOR (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1892 Vitrina fuscicolor, M. & P., A.M.N.H. x. p. 240. pl. 13, £10. DF.

1903 Natalina ,, » Mildff, Coneh., Cab: p. 23. pl 3;

lige), IDI

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Orance Free State. Rensberg’s Kop, Drakensberg

(Quekett). Platberg, Harrismith (Connolly).

170. KerxopHorus inunctTusS (Melv. & Pons.). [8.A.M.]

1860 Helix congellana, Krs., von Mts., Die Helic. p. 84. ZL.

1899 Zingis inuncita, M.& P., A.MN EL. iv. p.: 195. pl. 3; f. 4.) DSH.

1912 Kerkophorus imunctus, M. & P., G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix. pp. 127,

HSS plod, fd ee

Type of mmunctus in British Museum; congellana in Stuttgart

Museum.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 109

Hab. Natat. Umkomaas; Alexandra Junction (Burnup). Con-

gella (congellana, Wahlberg).

Zuuutand. ’Nkandhla Forest (Haygarth). Umbonambi (Toppin).

Makowe (Crosly). .

Through the kindness of Dr. Lampert, of Stuttgart, I have been

enabled to examine the type of the little-known H. congellana. It is

identical with znwnctus, but, never having been described or figured,

must yield precedence to the last-named species.

171. KerxorpHorus LEucosrira (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

1856 Vitrina leucospira, Pfir., P.Z.S. p. 326. D.

1862 ™ ,», Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 6,f.42. DF.

1885 Helicarion leucospirus, Pfr., Tryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 168.

pl. 28, £39: DE:

1899 Fe leucospira, Pfr., M.& P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 192. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natat. Pinetown; Tongaat; Malvern (Burnup). Umgeni

Rivermouth (Quekett).

Described as from South Australia.

172. KeRKOPHORUS MELVILLI, Godwin-Austen.

1912 Kerkophorus melvilli,G.-Aust., A.M.N.H.ix.p.127. pl.7,f£1. A&R.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Equeefa (Burnup).

173. KERKOPHORUS NATALENSIS (Krauss).

1848 Vitrina natalensis, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 74. pl. 4,£.17. DF.

7 os 4 eir., Mon. Hels it: p..505. 2:

1862 es >) dkve., Conch. Icon. pl. 1. foi pee"

1885 Vitrina (Gallandia) natalensis, Krs., Tryon, Man. of Conch,

ip poo, pl: 34, £. 83, 84. DP.

1909 Helicarion swbcornea, Prest., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 498. DF.

Type of natalensis in Stuttgart Museum; subcornea in British

Museum.

Hab. Natat. Natal Bay (Krauss).

Care oF Goop Horr. Somerset East and Tharfield (Miss

Bowker), and Hillside, Grahamstown (Miss Glanville), fide Layard.

Subcornea was described from ‘“‘ Natal”; it appears quite in-

separable from natalensis, Krs. Anvpliatus and zonamydrus, M. & P.,

are also very similar to the last-mentioned shell.

110 Annals of the South African Museum.

174. KeRkoPpHorus PHmDIMUS (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1892 Vitrina phedima, M. & P., A.M.N.H. x. p. 241. pl. 18, £.12. DF.

1898 Ms » Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 34. N.

1912 Kerkophorus phedimus, M. & P.,G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 189.

pl.'5; 4.3. <A;

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nata. Pietermaritzburg; Durban; Pinetown; Dargle ;

Karkloof; Port Shepstone; Ntimbankulu (Burnup).

CarE oF Goop Hors. Grahamstown; Bedford (Farquhar). Pirie

Mountain (Godfrey).

175. KeRKoPHORUS POEPPIGI (Menke). [S.A.M.]

1846 Vitrina poeppigit, Mke., Pfr., Symb. iii. p. 81. D.

1848 M » Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 74. N.

* 5) &tr., Mon. Helou p) 504. 2D:

1854 a - » Conch.Cab.p.17.pl.2,f£.13-15. DP.

1862 - », Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 7, f. 49. DF.

1885 Vitrina (Gallandia) poeppigit, Mke., Tryon, Man. of Conch.

i. p. 156. pl. 34, f. 85-87. D.F.

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. Navan. Port Natal (Menke). On plants, widely distri-

buted (Krauss).

TRANSVAAL. ‘ Moori’’ (Mooi) River (Craven).

Lorenzo Marquss. Rikatla (Junod).

176. KerKopHorus viTALIsS (Melv. & Pons.). [8.A.M.]

1908 Helicarion vitalis, M. & P., A.M.N.H.i. p. 133. pl. 7, £4. DF.

1912 Kerkophorus _,, _ G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 138. pl. 3,

f. 3., JA:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natat. Port Shepstone; Durban (Burnup).

177. KeRKoPHORUS ZONAMYDRUS (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1890 Vitrina zonamydra, M. & P., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 467. D.

1892 55 . 5 xe Pp. O4..pl. oO, 4.1028 eet

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hops. Alexandria District (Crawford).

Kowie (Farquhar).

Narau. Durban (Penther, fide Sturany).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 111

Genus MICROKERKUS, Godwin-Austen, 1912.

(A.M.N.H. ix. p. 128,)

Type of Genus, M. symmetricus (Crvn.).

178. MicRoKERKUS PONDOENSIS, Godwin-Austen. [S.A.M.]

1912 Microkerkus pondoensis, G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix. p: 128. pl 4

fee, Aate:

Type in British Museum.

_ Hab. Cape or Goop Horr. Kentani (Miss Pegler).

179. MicRoKERKUS SYMMETRICUS (Craven).

1880 Helix symmetrica, Crvn., P.Z.S. p. 614. pl. 57, f. 2. DF.

1887 ,, (Pella) symmetrica, Crvn:, Tryon, Man. of Conch. iil.

pelosi) sais £7990 DLE.

1898 Pella symmetrica, Crvn., Stur., S.A. Moll. pp. 39, 40. N.

1912 Microkerkus symmetricus, Crvn., G.-Aust., A.M.N.H. ix.

Pola oie pladt 2) ply 3, t..4: °° 24.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Lydenburg (Craven). Pretoria (McBean).

Sus-Famity ZONITINA, Pilsbry, 1898.

(Nautilus, xi. p. 128.)

Genus VITREA, Fitzinger, 1833.

(Beitrige zur Landeskunde Oesterreichs u.d. Enns, Wien, iii. p. 99.)

(= Hyalinia, Charpentier, 1837, nec Schumacher, 1817.)

Type of Genus, V. diaphana (Studer).

180. ViTREA CRYSTALLINA (Miller). [S.A.M.]

1774 Helix crystallina, Mill., Verm. ii. p. 23. D.

1805 ,,_~—s cristallina 5... Drap.; Hist. Moll. .hrs pe biSx pics;

{, 13-18, DLE

1821 ,, eburnea, Hartm., Neue Alp. i. p. 234.

1 » erystallina, Mill., C. Pfr., Syst. Anordn. deutsch. L.-u.

W. Schn. p. 46. pl. 2, f. 36. DF.

1829 ,, vitrea, Brown, Edinb. Journ. Nat. & Geogr. Sci. i. p. 12.

pl. 1, £1214. D.F.

1830 ,, crystallina, Mill. (=vitrea, : Alder, Cat. New-

castle, p. 11. D. :

112 Annals of the South African Museum.

1840 Zonites crystallinus, Mill., Gray, Turton’s Man. p. 176. pl. 4,

f, 42. DF.

1848 Helix crystallina, Mill., Pfr., Mon. Hel. i. p. 59. D.

1852 5 » Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 128. pl. 88 (1850),

f, 27-30. D.F.

1855 5 », Mog.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr. ii.

p. 89. pl. 9, f. 26-29. DF.

1856 Zonites crystallinus ,, Bgt., Amén. malac. i. p. 192. pl. 20,

fi 19=245 LE:

» Jdeffr., Brit. Conch. i. p. 170. and v.

(1869) pl: 10) i. 32 DE.

1864 ,, eustilbus, Bgt., Mal. Algérie, i. p. 76. pl. 4, f.11-16. D.P.

1881 Hyalina cavanne, Paulucci, Bull. Soc. Mal. Ital. p. 80. pl. 1 bis,

i 3., Dai

1886 Hyalinia (Vitrea) crystallina, Mull., Tryon, Man. of Conch. ii.

p. 138. pl. 46, f.3-8. D.F’.

1908 Es », Layl., Mon. Brit. Moll:

p. 108. pl. 2 and pl. 15 (1912). D.F.A.R.

Type—wbz ?

Hab. Carr Preninsuna. Cape Town and suburbs (plentiful).

A common European species.

1862 . 5

Genus POLITA, Held, 1837.

(Isis, p. 916.)

Type of Genus, P. cellaria (Mill.).

181. Ponrra auuiarta (Miller). [S.A.M.]

1822 Helix allcaria, Mill., Ann. Philos. iii. p. 379. D.

1828 ,, fatida, Stark, Elem. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 59. OD.

1833 —,,_~—- allaacea, Jeffr., Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 341. D.

1840 Zonites alliarius, Mill., Gray, Turton’s Manual, p. 168. pl. 4,

f. 39, PE.

1851 Helix remota, Bs., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 263. D.

1854 Zonites alliarius, Mill., Schm., Mal. Blatt.i.p.8. WN.

1855 ao », Mogq.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr. ii.

PASS. pig tI De:

1859 Helix alliaria, Mill., Pir., Mon. Hel. iv. p. 76. D.

1862 Zonites alliarius, Mill., Jeffr., Brit. Conch. i. p. 161. and v.

(1869); plo i. 2) Dae:

1886 Hyalima (Polita) allwaria, Mill., Tryon, Man. of Conch. ii.

p. 145, pl. 47, f. 91-93. DF.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 113

1907, 8 Hyalinia (Huhyalinia) alliaria, Mill., Tayl., Mon. Brit. Moll.

p. 57. pl. 2 (1908), pl. 6 (1909). D.F.A.R.

Type of remota in British Museum ; alliaria—wbi ?

Hab. Carer or Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Farquhar).

A common European species, probably of recent importation into

South Africa.

182, Ponira ceLuariA (Miller), [S.A.M.]

1774 Helix cellaria, Mull., Verm. ii. p. 28. D.

TCG) 5; - ,, Chem., Conch. Cab. ix, 2. p. 102:.ph 197%,

Pel 29 5 DE

L783) +, . » Gmel., Syst. Nat, Hd. 13. i. p. 3634. D.

1803 ,, lucida, Mont., Test. Brit. p. 425; and Suppl. (1808),

pl 23,7, 4. DUP

1807 ,, mttens, Gmel., Mat. & Rack., Linn. Trans, viii. p. 198.

plot. 7. + Dut.

1817 ,, glaphyra, Say, Nicholson’s Encyel. iv. pl. 1, f. 3. DF.

1821 ,. cellaria, Mill., C. Pfr., Syst. Anordn. deutsch. L.-u. W.

Sehn. p. 42. pl. 2, f.29, 30. DF.

neag |‘, <t » am., Hist. nat. An.s. Vert.vi,2.p.91. D.

1830) ;, a; ,, (=mitida, Drap.), Alder, Cat. Newcastle,

p. 12. D.

1840 Zonites cellarius, Miull., Gray, Turton’s Manual, p. 170. pl. 4,

£405) DLE

1341 Helix cellaria, Mull. (=glaphyra, Say.), A. Binn., Boston

Journ. Nat. Hist. ili. p. 421. D.

1842 ,, glaphyra, Say, Pfr., Symb. ii. p. 29. D.

1348 ,, cellarca, Mull., Pir., Mon. Hel.i.p. 111. D.

1850 se, e pense eA MEN EL Vv. p. 217s) oie

1852 __,, nF , Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 102. pl. 84 (1850),

: f, 8-10. D.F.

1855 Zonites cellarius, Miull., Moq.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr. ii.

p. 48. plo) tL oe

1862 # » (=lucida, Pult., nec Drap.), Jeffr.,

Brit. Conch. 1. p. 1595 —D)

1864 Helix sydneyensis, Cox, Cat. Austral. Land Shells, p. 37. D.

1868 ys ,, Mon. Austral. Land Shells, p. 9. pl. 9,

f. 16. pl. 18) Esa sep

1886 Hyalima (Polita) cellaria, Mill., Tryon, Man. of Conch. ii.

p. 155. pl. 50, f. 33-52. DF.

1907 < (Luhyalania) cellaria, Mill., Tayl., Mon. Brit. Moll.

p. 30. pl. 2 (1908), pl. 6 (1909). D.F.A.R.

114 Annals of the South African Musewm.

1910 Hyalimia (Polita) cellaria, Mill., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 455. N.

Specimens ex coll. Miller in University Zool. Mus. Copenhagen.

Hab, Carr or Goop Horr. Rondebosch (Benson, 1846). Somer-

set Hast (Miss Bowker). Stellenbosch (Péringuey). Somerset West

(Purcell). Widely distributed in the Cape Peninsula.

Ruopesia. Bulawayo (in 8.A. Museum).

The Rev. E. W. Bowell has identified the animal of specimens

from St. James, Cape Peninsula, as typical of the common European

cellaria.

183. PoniTta DRAPARNAUDI (Beck). [S.A.M.]

1801 Hela lucida, Drap., Tabl. Moll. Fr. p. 96. D.

1805 ,, mnttrda » Hist: Moll. Fr. p. 117. pl. 8, f. 23-25. DF,

1815 ,, lucida ,, Brard, Hist. Coq. Paris,p.34.pl.2,f£.3,4. DF.

1828 ,, mtida » Stark, Elem. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 59. D.

1835 ,, cellaria, Miull., var., Rossmissler, Icon. i. p. 71. pl. 1,

ivi WBA

1837 =, ~ (Helacella) draparnaldi, Beck (= tida, Drap.), Beck,

Index Moll. p. 6.

1853 ,,_—s draparnaldi, Beck, Pir; Mon: Hel. i. p. 86. 2:

S540) = . ks 3» Conch Cab! ip. 497— ple tore

f. 23-25. D.F.

1855 Zomtes lucidus, Drap., Moq.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr. ii.

p. 75. pl. 8, f. 29-35. DFA.

1869 eS cellarius, ‘‘ Miull.,” Jeffr., Brit. Conch. v. pl. 9,f.1.. F.

1886 Hyalinia (Polita) lucida, Drap., Tryon, Man. of Conch. ii.

p- 149. pl. 48, f. 37-43, 46-56. pl. 49, f. 57-59. D.F.

1895 Helix nitida,Drap., Locard,Ipsa DraparnaudiConchylia,p.145. N.

1907 Hyaloma (Euhyalinia) lucida, Drap., Tayl., Mon. Brit. Moll.

p: 18s pl. 21908), pl61G1909) DFA i:

1911 és (Polita) lucida, Drap., Germain, Arch. Zool. Exper.

vi. p. 234. pl. 13, f. 1-6, 10-12, 22-24, 32-34, 41-43. NF.

Originals of duczda, Drap., in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna (as nitida).

Hab. Carre Prninsuta. Rondebosch (Oakley). Kenilworth

(Connolly).

Specimens from Kenilworth have been dissected and identified by

the Rev. E. W. Bowell.

I fail to see how the name lucida, of Draparnaud, can possibly be

retained for this species. The earliest Helix lucida is that of Pul-

teney, 1799 (Cat. Dorset, p. 47), who wrote :—

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 116

“ HT, lucida, M.P.; pellucida, Pen., 1384; Gualt.t.2, G. Testa

pellucida, umbilicata, depressa, leevissima.

‘“ Pellueid snail shell, about 2 of an inch long, exactly resembling

the foregoing ”’ (H. ericetorum, Mill.) “in figure, but quite smooth

and glossy, and wholly without striz, marks, or bands.

‘Found on plants in the River Stour.”’

(Gualtieri’s figure, quoted above, appears to represent a roughly

striate shell, somewhat high in the spire, with a distinctly expanded

peristome, and his letterpress runs, ‘‘ Cochlea terrestris umbilicata,

minor, pellucida, flavescens.’’)

Draparnaud’s description of his Helix lucida (1801) is as

follows :—

“ HT, hucide. H. lucida. Coq. transparente, luisante, corné clair en

dessus, blanchatre en dessous ; ouverture grande.

“ Haut. 5-6 mill.; larg. 13-16; diam. 11-14.

“ Helix cellaria, Mill., Verm. Hist. 230. Gualt. t. 2. f. G.

«H. commune dans les jardins, sous les haies. (5 tours). Animal

pale, blanchatre, un peu grisatre en dessus. Tentacules grisatres.

Yeux noirs.”’

Miiller’s original description of cellarva is :—

‘‘H. testa umbilicata, depressa, lutescente, nitida, subtus lactea.

Apertura larga.”

Pulteney’s H. lucida is probably synonymous with cellaria, Mull. ;

but it is evident that, in using the same name and quoting the same

figure as Pulteney, Draparnaud intended to allude to Pulteney’s

species ; while his reference to Miiller, whose description of cellaria

he practically translates, shows that in his opinion lucida and

cellaria were identical. The fact that in 1805 he rechristened his

own H. lucida, nitida, and gave the name lucida to H. nitida, Mill.,

does not tend to simplify the matter.

It appears from the foregoing that if the name lucida be allowed

to stand at all, it should bear Pulteney’s name as author; but under

the circumstances it seems preferable to consider lucida, Pult., 2

synonym of cellaria, and to follow the majority of Continental

authorities in adopting a modification of Beck’s name, draparnaldt,

for the present much-debated species.

Among its other synonyms are itens, von Alten, 1812;

obscurata, Porro in Villa, 1841; dlawneri, Shuttl., 1843; falgida,

Parreyss, 1851; planulata, Stabile, 1864; septentrionalis, farine-

sianus, and navarricus, Bgt., 1870; calabricus, Paulucci, 1879 ;

gyrocurta, Bgt. in Servain, 1880; porrot, Paulucci, 1882; sub-

farinesiana, Bgt.; barbozana, Castro; and intermissa, Locard, 1894.

116 Annals of the South African Museum.

I have known South African examples display cannibal propen-

sities, devouring other small species, even of Zonztoides and Polita,

which were placed in their box. They were, however, no match for

Natalina coenotera, which treated them in similar fashion.

SuB-Famity ARIOPHANTINA, Godwin-Austen, 1888.

(Moll. of India, pt. 6, p. 253, as Arionphantiner, emend. Pilsbry, 1898, Nautilus,

xi. p. 129.)

Genus ZONITOIDES, Lehmann, 1862.

(Mal. Blatt. ix. p. 111.)

Type of Genus, Z. nitidus (Mill.).

184. ZONITOIDES AFRICANUS, Bottger.

1910 Zonitoides africanus, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 436. pl. 28, f. 2. DF.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.

Hab, DAMARALAND. Gobabis (subfossil, Hermann).

185. ZONITOIDES ARBOREUS (Say). [S.A.M.]

1817 Helix arboreus, Say, Nicholson’s Encyclopedia, iv. pl.4, f. 4. D.F.

1821 ,, arborea ,, Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3. p. 45 (or 41). N.

1840 ,, ottonis, Pfr., Archiv. f. Naturg., vi, 1. p. 251. D.

1841 ,, arborea, Say, Binn., Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. iii. p. 422.

pl 22. ib De

I eyeS Ta, ‘ >, \(=ottoms), Pir., Mon, Heli. p. 95. D.

1852 ~—,, Me , Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 114. pl. 85 (1850), f. 33-

30. Dai.

1866 Hyalina brewerit, Newcomb, Tryon, Amer. Journ. of Conch. 11.

p: 200. plo 1954027. Da

1885 Zonites arboreus, Say, Binn., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxviii. p. 61.

D.F. and Synonymy.

1886 Hyalinia (Polita) arborea, Say (= brewer, Newc.), Tryon, Man.

of Conch... p. Lol, plpol Gali Dk.

Type—ubi ?

Had, Cape or Goop Hops. Port Elizabeth (Layard). Grahams-

town (Reeve). Kenilworth (Connolly). King Williamstown (God-

frey). Queenstown (Becker).

TRANSVAAL, Pretoria (Connolly).

Narau. Pietermaritzburg (Ponsonby).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 117

A common American species, introduced into S. Africa and various

other parts of the globe.

186. ZonrrorpEs cuprpo, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1903 Zonztoides cwpido, M.& P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 601. pl. 32, f.1. DP.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zvuivu~anp. Lower Umfolosi Drift (Burnup).

RuovesiA. Victoria Falls (Warren).

SuB-FAMILY ?

(‘Position most doubtful; ’’? Godwin-Austen, 1908, Fauna of Brit. India, Moll.,

p- 258.)

Genus KALIELLA, Blanford, 1863.

(A.M.N.H. xi. p. 83.)

Type of Genus, K. barrakporensis (Pfr.).

187. KALIELLA EUCONULOIDES, Melv. & Pons. [8.A.M.]

1908 Kaltella euconuloides, M.& P., A.M.N.H.i.p. 133. pl. 7,£.5. Df.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. Dargle; Karkloof; MInhluzani; Game Pass

(Burnup).

The generic position of this species is doubtful; Colonel Godwin-

Austen informs me that it is not a Kalvella.

188. KAaLIELLA sIGURENSIS, Godwin-Austen. ([S.A.M.]

1882 Kaliella sigurensis, G.-Aust., L. & F. W. Moll. India, i. p. 5.

plete? 038

1890 Helix (Trochonanina) pretoriensis, M.& P.,A.M.N.H.vi.p.469. D.

1892 * - a e ix. p.94. pl.4,

£5. HP.

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Pretoria District (pretoriensis, Farquhar).

Narau. Pietermaritzburg; Dargle; Equeefa; Karkloof; Tyeloti,

near Botha’s Hill (Burnup).

Described from the Nilgherri Hills, India.

Colonel Godwin-Austen has identified the Pretorian form of

Kaliella as sigurensis, and in all probability the Natal localities

refer to the same species. E. A. Smith, however (P.Z.S. 1899,

p. 582), in chronicling K. barrakporensis (Pfr.), from Mount Chirad-

118 Annals of the South African Museum.

zulu, B.C.A., considered that pretoriensis, M. & P., was a synonym

of the last named. It is very possible that both these nearly allied

Indian species have found their way into South Africa, and may

have been mistaken one for another.

189. KaLIELLA VICTORIA, Preston. [S.A.M.]

1912 Kalella victoria, Prest., A.M.N.H. ix. pp. 69, £.2; 70. FD.

Type in coll. Preston.

Hab. Ruopesia. Victoria Falls (Connolly).

Famity LIMACIDA, Gray, 1821.

(Lond. Med. Repos. xv. p. 230, as Limacidexw, emend. 1824, Ann. of Philos. viii.

p. 107.)

Sus-Faminty LIMACINA, Swainson, 1840.

(Treatise on Malacology, p. 327.)

Genus LIMAX, Linné, 1758.

(Syst. Nat., Ed. 10. i. pp. 644, 652.)

Type of Genus, L. maximus, Lin.

190. Limax FuAvus, Linné. [S.A.M.]

1758 Limax flavus, Lin., Syst. Nat., Ed. 10.1. p. 652. D.

LitA” ,, > Mull; Verm); a1. ple»

1801 » variegatus, Drap., Tabl. Moll. Fr. p. 103. D.

1815 Limacella wnguiculus, Brard, Hist. Coq. Paris, p. 115. pl. 4,

£354 lS 2. DE.

1819 Limaax variegatus, Drap., Fér., Hist. Nat. Moll. ii, 1. p. 71. pl. 5,

f. 1-6. DF,

1831 Limacellus unguiculus, Brard (=carinatus, Leach), Turton,

Manual, p. 25. JD.

1840 Limaz flavus, Lin.,Gray, Turton’s Manual, p.114. pl.3,f.16. DL.

1855 » variegatus, Drap., Mogq.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr.

lise ps Zo. pl. 3, f.-38-9. Dal A.

1860 55 % , Heynem., Mal. Blatt. vii. p. 160.

ple df 1-8.~ DF.

1863 re - » Heynem., Mal. Blatt. x. p. 212. pl. 3,

to. Neh,

1869 8 4 Lehm., Mal. Blatt. xvi. p. 148. N.

1885 . 3. \ flavus, Lin., iPeore Man. of Conch. i. p. 200. pl. 49,

f. 63, 70-72. pl. 50, f. 76. DF’.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 119

1900 Limaxz variegatus, Drap., Clige., Ann. §.A. Mus. ii. p. 2. Z.

1903 ,, flavus, Lin., Tayl., Mon. Brit. Moll. p. 78. pl. 10 (1905),

f. 3-9. D.F.A.R.

1910 a o », Clige., Ann. Natal. Mus.ii. p. 160. WN.

Hab. Narau. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

Care Peninsuna. Cape Town (Lightfoot).

A well-known and widely distributed species, in whose synonymy

have been placed L. wmbrosus, Phil., 1844; maculatus, Kalenicz,

1851; deshayesr, Bgt., 1862; companyoi, Bgt., 1863; breck-

worthianus, Lehm., 1864; bicolor, Selenka, 1865; beticus, Mabille,

1868 ; and ecarinatus, Bttg., 1881.

191. Limax maximus, Linné.

1678 Limaz cinereus, Lister, Hist. Anim. Angl. p. 127. pl. 2, f. 15.

D.F. (Pre-Linnean.)

1758 » maximus, Lin., Syst. Nat., Ed. 10. i. p. 652. D.

1774 ~,, ~=ctnerews, Mill., Verm. ii. p. 5. OD.

1805 » Drap.,Hist. Moll. Hep 124 plo f. Lise

1815 Timavelia enna Brard, Hist. Coq. Paris, p. 110. pl. 4, f. 1, 2,

9) LO Der

1819 Limax antiquorum, Fér., Hist. Nat. Moll. ii, 1. p.68. pl. 4. DF.

1821 , cinereus, Mill., C. Pfr., Syst. An. u. Beschr. deutsch.

L.-u. W. Schn. p. 20. D.

4s » alpinus, Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 2. p.21. D.

a , valentianus, Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 2. p. 21. D.

1831 Limacellus parma, Brard, Turton, Manual, p. 24. D.

1840 Limaxz maximus, Lin., Gray, Turton’s Man. p.112. pl.3,f.14. D.F.

1855 =, (Hulimax) maximus, Lin., Moq.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll.

Hr. iu. p. 28. pl.4, f. 1-8. DF.

1861 ,, cinereus, List., Heynem., Mal. Blatt. viii. p. 163. N.

1862, ks » Lehm., Mal. Blatt.ix.p.172.pl.4,f.1,2. D.A.

H863. ,, ‘ », Heynem., Mal. Blatt.x.p.200.pl.2,f.1. NR.

1885 ,, maximus, Lin., Tryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 189. pl. 46,

f, 31-35, 39. pl. 49, f. 76. pl. 60, f. 81, 82. DF.

1901 ,, maximus, Lin., Clige., Ann. §.A. Mus. ii. p. 229. N.D.

1902 sé, a », Tayl., Mon. Brit. Moll. p. 34. pl. 6 (1903),

Pld, “Deh eAniee

Hab. Care Pentnsuna. Table Mountain, Newlands (Purcell).

Another European slug, whose recent synonymy includes L.

cyreneus, companyor, and maculatus, Nunnely; sylvaticus, Morelet ;

and cornali@, Pini.

120 Annals of the South African Museum.

Genus MILAX, Gray, 1855.

(Cat. Pulm. p. 174.)

(=Amalia, Moquin-Tandon, 1855.)

Type of Genus, WM. gagates (Drap.).

192, Minax cApEnsis (Krauss).

1848 Limax capensis, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 73. D.

1855 ~,, + kraussi, H.& A. Ad. (=campestris, ‘ Krs.”’), H. & A.

Ad., Gen. rec. Moll. ii. p. 219.

1862 te Heynem., Mal. Blatt.ix.p.217. N.

» Amalia ones Krs.; peeynen, Mal. Blatt. ix. p. 215. N.

1885 a = ee is Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges.

xii. pp, 294. Ne

5 Limax + » (=kraussii, Ads.), Tryon, Man. of Conch.

i. p14. ay:

1891 Amalia iM » Ckil., A-.M.N.H. ‘vi. p. 336. N.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hope (Krauss).

193. Minax GAGATES (Draparnaud). [S.A.M.]

1801 Limazx gagates, Drap., Tabl. Moll. Fr. p. 100. D.

1805. ,; A 5 | Hist Molsir prl22 spl ort. a eee

1819 u o 7 én, East, Nat. ‘Moll. 11, 1. py Wo. plita;

f. “e 2 DEF.

1824 ,, maurus, Quoy & Gaim., Voy. Uranie, p. 427. JD.

1855 Milax gagates, Drap., Gray, Cat. Pulm. p. 174. OD.

» Limax (Amalia) gagates, Drap., Moq.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll.

Pe tip 9) pl ase

1870 x . . Drap., Semp., Reis. in. Arch. Philip-

pin. ii, 3. p.84. pl.11,£.9,26. Az.

1885 Amalia gagates, Drap., Heynem., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges.

xii. p. 298. N.

bs rf i ,, ‘Lryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 218. pl. 53,

f. 58, 54. DPF.

1391S \%,; 5 OLS AMINE va. pp.(d29, c0%. seve

1900s, ‘ ,, Clige., Ann. S.A. Mus.ii. p.2. DZ.

1901 Ws ees - p. 230. N.

1904 _—S,, ‘ sy peavey Mon. Brit. Moll. p. 139. pl. 15

(1906), f. 9-14. D.F.A.R.

1907; 3 , srth., Zool. Anz. Leipsig, xxxi. pp. 793,

13S 2 AN.

1910 Milax gagates, Drap., Clige., Ann. Natal Mus. ii. p. 161. NV.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca, 121

Hab. Carré oF Goop Hors. Port Elizabeth (fide Cockerell).

Cape Town (Lightfoot). Cape Flats (Schultze). Ashton; Storms

Vlei (Purcell). Simonstown (German South Pole Expedition).

Nata. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

A European species, known from many parts of the globe. Other

synonyms are hewstoni, Cooper, 1872; marginata, Pini, 1876; tas-

manicus and ? nigricolus, Tate, 1880; and babori, Clige., 1897.

194 Minax ponsonsy! (Collinge). [S.A.M.]

1900 Amalia ponsonbyt, Clige., Ann. S.A. Mus. ii. p. 2. pl. 1, f. 1, 2.

pl. 2,2. 13. uF .A.

1910 + » (2=capensis, Krs.), Srth., Deutsch.

Sudpol. Exp. xi. p. 157. N.

Type in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. Caper Preninsuta. Cape Town (Lightfoot).

Genus AGRIOLIMAX, Morch, 1865.

(J. de C. xiii. p. 378.)

Type of Genus, A. agrestis (Lin.).

195. AGRIOLIMAX AGRESTIS (Linné).

1758 Limaz agrestis, Lin., Syst. Nat., Hd. 10.1. p. 652. WD.

1774 2) Me Mill., Verm. ii. p. 8. D.

e » vreticulatus, Mill., Verm.ii.p.10. JD.

1791 », filans, Hoy, Linn. Trans, i. p. 183. D.N.

1805 » agrestis, Lin., Drap., Hist. Moll. Fr. p.126.pl.9,£.9. DF.

1815 Limacella obliqua, Brard, Hist. Coq. Paris, p. 118. pl. 4, f. 5, 6,

H3=15. DF.

1819 Limazx bilobatus, Fér., Hist. Nat. Moll. ii, 1. p. 74. pl. 5,£.2. DF.

A » agrestis, Lin., Fér., 2bed. p. 73.pl. 5, f. 7-10. DF.

1831 Limacellus obliquus, Brard, Turton, Manual, p. 26. D.

1840 Limaz agrestis, Lin., Gray, Turton’s Man. p. 117.pl.3,f£.17. DF.

1855 re is » Mog.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr. ii. p. 22.

ple, 1. 18-22. pl. 3, £2, 2.) er.

162 - », Lehm., Mal. Blatt. ix. p.183. D.

1863 of re ,, Heynem., Mal. Blatt.x.p.209. pl.2,£.7. NA.

1885 ,, (Agriolimax) agrestis, Lin., Tryon, Man. of Conch. i.

p- 205. pl. 50, £. 90-94. pl. 51, f. 95-98. DF.

1893 Agriolimax agrestis, Lin., Ckll., Conchologist, ii. p. 200. N.

1900 i > Clige., Ann. 6.4. Mugs i pada:

122 Annals of the South African Musewm.

1903, 4 Agriolimax agrestis, Lin., Tayl., Mon. Brit. Moll. p. 104. pl. 16

(1906), f. 1-4. D.F.A.R.

1907 me » orth, Zool, Anz. Leipsig, xxxt.

Dp. (gastos, AN.

1910 e » Clige., Ann. Natal Mus.ii. p.161. N.

Hab. Carr Prninsuna. Cape Town (Lightfoot). Cape Flats

(Schultze). Green Point (Roebuck). Miller’s Point (German South

Pole Expedition).

Narau. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

A species of world-wide distribution, which has been described

under many names.

In addition to the early synonymy given above, the following are,

by various authorities, considered to be identical with agrestis:

Limax salicium, Bouillet; tunicata, Gould; pallidus, Schrenk ;

niciensis and veranyanus, Bet.; heydeni, Heynem.; norvegicus,

Westerl. ; fedtschenkoi, Koch & Heynem.; panormitanus, Less. &

Poll. ; mentonicus, Nev.; varians, A. Adams; molestus, Hutton;

and dymezeviczit, Kalenicz.

196. AGRIoLIMAX Lavis (Miller).

1774 Limazx levis, Mill., Verm.i.p.1. WD.

1801 » orunneus, Drap., Tabl. Moll. Fr. p. 104. D.

1821 ,, levis, Mull., and brunnews, Drap., Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll.

pt. 2. p. 23. D.

1885 Agriolimax levis, Mill., Srth., Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zool. Leipsig,

SoA ems piles Dubie

Limax (Krynickia) levis, Mill., Tryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 211.

pla, tal Dee

1898. Agriolimax levis, Miull., Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 36. N.

1904 A; (Hydrolimax) levis, Mill., Tayl., Mon. Brit. Moll.

; p. 121. pl. 15 (1906), f. 5-8. DEAR.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Hope. Queenstown (Dower; Roebuck).

Other synonyms of this world-diffused slug appear to be: lacustris,

Bonelli, 1822 ; campestris, Binn., 1841; lombricoides, Morel., 1845 ;

parvulus, Normand, 1852; arenarius, Gass., 1867; rarotonganus,

Heynem., 1871; argentinus, Strob., 1874; montanus and castaneus,

Ing., and zgersolli, Binn., 1875; hyperboreus, Westerl., 1876;

meridionalis, Doering, 1878; stenwrus, Strebel, 1880; braszliensis,

Semper, 1885 ; queenslandicus, Hedley, 1888; and bevenoti, Cllge.,

Icha

”

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 123

Faminy UROCYCLIDA, Simroth, 1889.

(Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. liv. p. 62.)

Genus UROCYCLUS, Gray, 1864.

(P.Z.S. p. 250.)

Type of Genus, U. kirki, Gray.

197. URocycLUS FASCIATUS, von Martens.

1884 Urocyclus fasciatus, von Mts., Heynem., Jahrb. d. Deutsch.

Mal. Ges. xi. p. 8. pl. 1, f. 4,5. DUF-

1910 a: vonMts.,Cllge.,Ann.NatalMus.ii.p.162. N.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Mozampiqur. Quilimane (fide Simroth).

NataL. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

198. UrocycLus FLAVESCENS (Keferstein).

1866 Parmarion flavescens, Kfstn., Mal. Blatt. xiii. p. 70. pl. 2, f. 1-8.

DF AR.

1879 Urocyclus flavescens, Kfstn. (cum var. pallida), Gibbons, Journ.

onConch, un p. SS 2D:

1883 = ,, Pfeffer,Abhand].Naturwiss. Verein.

Hamburg, vii, 2. p. 12. D.

1884 as » Heynem., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal.

: Ges. xi. p: 6: pl i 23 Dae

1885 ‘ », (cum var. pallida, Gibb.), Tryon,

Man. of Conch. i. p. 163. pl. 35,

f. 34-36. DF.

1894 Pe », Ckll., Journ. of Mal. iii. p. 52. D.

1910 - », Clige., Ann. Natal Mus.ii.p.162. Z.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Navan, Pinetown. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

Lorenzo Marques. Inhambane; Quilimane ; Mungurumbe

(Peters, 1846). Delagoa Bay (Spencer).

199. URocycuus KIRKI, Gray.

1864 Urocyclus kirkw, Gray, P.Z.S. p. 251. DF.

1879 Ps ,, Gibbons, Journ. of Conch. ii. p. 139. N.

1884 ? , Tryon, Struct. & Syst. Conch. iii. p. 81.

pl. 101, 60s Spare

“3 - » Heynem., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges.

x1. p. Vapi dy tele ee

124 Annals of the South African Museum.

1864 Urocyclus kirkii, Gray, Binn., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 84.

pl Lo sicgieupl. 17,1. N. oe:

1887 - » Poirier, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr. iv. p- 196. pl.5,

Eel 2Oapleoyt el. 2. pl. 8.1.1. ERAT:

1891 3 Call AEN Geli p. 101, iN:

1910 », Cllge., Ann. Natal Mus. ii. p. 161. NV.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narau. Durban (fide Sturany).

MozamBiqgue. Near the mouth of the Zambesi (Kirk).

Lorenzo Marques. Delagoa Bay ; Inhambane (fide Sturany).

200. Urocychus KRAUSSIANUS (Heynemann).

1848 Limaz (Arion) ? sp., Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 73. D.

1862 » kraussianus, Heynem., Mal. Blatt. ix. p. 217. D.

1863 Pe es 7 x.p.211.pl.3,f.2. NA.

1891 Urocyclus - Fs CEI ASM. NE vais ps 1025 Ne

1910 3 - ‘. Clige.,Ann.NatalMus.ii.p.163.N.

Hab. Cape Preninsuta. Cape Town (Krauss).

Narat (fide Sturany).

201. UrocycLus PALLESCENS, Cockerell.

1891 Urocyclus pallescens, Ckll., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 101. D.

1910 . » Clige., Ann. Natal Mus. ii. p. 162. D.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Durban (Craven).

Famity ARIONIDA, Gray, 1840.

(Turton’s Manual, pp. 101, 104.)

SuB-Famity OOPELTINA, Cockerell, 1891.

(P.Z.S. p. 216.)

Genus OOPELTA, Morch, 1867.

(Mal. Blatt. xiv. p. 191.)

Type of Genus, O. nigropunctata, Morch.

202. OopELTA ATERRIMA (Gray).

Limax (Arion) allerian, Gray, in British Museum.

1855 Arion aterrimus, Gray, Cat. Pulm. p. 55. D.

1890 45 »» (2 Oopelta),CkIll.,A.M.N.H.vi.p.387. D.N,

1901 Oopelta aterrima ,, Cllge., Ann, 8.A. Mus, ii. p. 230. D,

Feference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 125

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Sours Arrica (fide Gray).

203. OorpELTA CAPENSsIS, Pollonera.

1909 Oopelta capensis, Pollon., Boll. Mus. Torino, xxiv, 608. p. 11.

plate, f. 1-6. D.F.

Type in Museum of Zoology, Turin.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops (in Mus. Torino).

204. OOPELTA FLAVESCENS, Collinge. [S.A.M.]

1900 Oopelta flavescens, Clige., Ann. S.A. Mus. ii. p. 6. pl. 1, f. 9, 10.

Dias iliiae eA,

1901 ie pe ADM. SA. Mus: i. ps 2a, NE

Type in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. Cape or Goop Horr. Kalk Bay; Caledon; Swellendam ;

Kogman’s Kloof, Ashton (Purcell).

205. OOPELTA GRANULOSA, Collinge. [S.A.M.]

1900 Oopelta granulosa, Clige., Ann. 8.A. Mus. ii. p. 6. pl. 1. f. 11, 12.

pl 2, £18. DuLA.

1901 5 eA) O2AL, Mis. i... 230.) Ne

Type in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Nieuwondtyille (Leipoldt). Hot

Springs, Montagu (Purcell). Sir Lowry’s Pass (Connolly).

206. OorpELTA MINOR, Pollonera.

1909 Oopelta minor, Pollon., Boll. Mus. Torino, xxiv, 608. p. 12.

plate, f. 7, 83 2DLE".

Type in Museum of Zoology, Turin.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops (in Mus. Torino).

207. OopELTA NIGROPUNCTATA, Morch. [S.A.M.]

1867 Oopelta nigropunctata, Morch, Heynem., Mal. Blatt. xiv. p. 191.

pl. 2; .t. Le Derr

1885 f ,, Tryon, Man. of Conch.i.p.225. D.

1900 , Cllge., Ann.S.A. Mus. ii. p. 5. pl.1,

f21, So plo 2 il On hear

1901 ie , Clige., Ann. 8.A. Mus. ii. p. 231.

pl. 145 iy Gelli Ae

Pollon., Boll. Mus. Torino, XX1V,

508: ps 10m

1909

126 Annals of the South African Museum.

1910 Oopelta nigropunctata, Morch, Srth., Deutsch. Sudpol.Exp. xii,4.

p. 149. pl. 21,f.1-14, 16,17. A.

Hab. Carre or Goop Horr. Cape Town (Lightfoot). Bergvliet

(Schultze), Albany District (Penther). Sir Lowry’s Pass (Con-

nolly).

Described from Guinea.

208. OopELTA POLYPUNCTATA, Collinge. [S.A.M.]

1901 Oopelta polypunctata, Clige., Ann. 8.A. Mus. ii. p. 232. pl. 14,

£513, 4, de Orel Os “DLE A,

Type in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. Zonder End, Caledon Division

(Purcell).

Sus-Faminy ARIONINAS, Morse, 1864.

(Journ. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist. i, 1. pp. 5, 7.)

Genus ARION, Férussac, 1819.

(Hist. Nat. Moll. ii, 1. pp. 50, 53.)

Type of Genus, A. empiricorum, Fey.

209. Anton Fuscus (Miller). [S.A.M.]

1774 Limax fuscus, Mull., Verm. ii. p. 11. WD.

1821 » FHér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 2. p. 23. D.

1855 Arion fuscus, Mull., Moq.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr. ii. p. 14.

pli. tt. 28-30. DF.

1863 be 5, Morch, Vid. Med. naturh. For. Copenhagen,

pe ata. Dd,

1873 a6 », Lehm., Leb. Schneck. Stettins, p. 17. pl. 2,

Ee ee Po de

1885 i » (=subfuscus, Drap., cinctus, Dumont, fas-

ciatus, Nilss. (part), and icommodus,

Hutt.), Tryon, Man. of Conch. i. p. 235.

plait is —2 Di.

1887 A » Pollon., Atti. Acc. Sci. Torino, xxii. p. 200.

pleas toda Do.

1890 Ks », Lollon., Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, v. p.12. D.

1893 A », CkIL, Conchologist, 1, p. 211. N.

1897 mS » (=cttrinus, Westerl., 1871, and stabzlis,

Pollon., 1885), Clige., P.Z.8. p. 443.

pl 30, £13. pl. 81, 4, 1416, Di.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 127

1900 Arion fuscus, Mull., Clige., Ann. §.A. Mus. ii. p. 7. LZ.

1910 if 5 , Ann. Natal: Mus. ap. 170.- 2.

Hab. Carr Peninsuna. Cape Town (Lightfoot).

Narau. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

210. ARION INTERMEDIUS, Normand.

1852 Arion intermedius, Norm., Descr. Lim. nouv. p. 6. D.

1867 Geomalacus intermedius, Norm., Mab., Rev. et Mag. Zool. p.57. D.

1887 Arion intermedius, Norm., Pollon., Atti. Ace. Sei. Torino, xxii.

p. 207: pl. 3, f. 1-7. ak

1893 a » Gain, Conchologist, ii. p. 55. N.

5 5 » CkIL, zb¢d. pp.63, 212. D.ALN.

1906 7 », Layl., Mon. Brit. Moll. p. 240. pl. 24

(1907), f. 18-23. DF.A.R.

1907 A 25 Srth., Zool. Anz. Leipsig, xxxi.

pp. 794, 796. N.

1910 ie , srth., Deutsch. Sudpol. Exp. xii, 4.

pa los, 7A.

Hab. CaprE Prninsuna. Cape Flats (Schultze).

Although first differentiated at so comparatively recent date, this

European species has the following synonyms: Geomalacus hiemalis,

Drouet, 1867; mabillez, Baud, 1868; vendeanus, Let., 1869; Arion

verrucosus, Brey., 1881; mabillianus, Baud, 1884; minimus, Srth.,

1885 ; and molleriz, Pollon., 1889.

Famity ENDODONTIDA, Crosse, 1894.

(J. de C. xlii. p. 219.)

Genus ENDODONTA, Albers, 1860.

(Die Helic. p. 90.)

Type of Genus, LH. lamellosa (Fér.).

Section AFRODONTA, Melv. & Pons, 1908.

(A.M.N.H. i. pp. 133, 135.)

Type of Section, H. bilamellaris, M. & P.

211. ENpoponta (AFRODONTA) BILAMELLARIS,

Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1908 Afrodonta bilamellaris, M.& P., A.M.N.H.i. p.134. pl.7,£.6. DF.

” PS » G.-Aust.,7bid.p.135.pl.8,f.2. AR.

128 Annais of the South African Musewm.

1912 Hndodonta (Afrodonta) bilamellaris, M. & P., Bnp., Ann. Natal

Mus. 1p: 3380: pla24 Pale. aN p

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Dargle; Edendale; Tongaat; Enon bush, Rich-

mond; Hilton Road ; Ntimbankulu (Burnup).

212. EnpoponTa (AFRODONTA) FARQUHARI, Burnup.

1912 Hndodonta (Afrodonta) farquhari, Bnp., Ann. Natal Mus. ii.

p. 339. pl. 24, f. 7-10. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Horr. Grahamstown; Port Elizabeth ;

Kowie; Bathurst (Farquhar).

213. Enpoponta (AFRODONTA) INHLUZANIENSIS, Burnup.

1912 Hndodonta (Afrodonta) inhluzaniensis, Bnp., Ann. Natal Mus.

i. p. 342. pl. 24, f. 14-17. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nara. Inhluzani Mountain (Burnup).

214. Enpoponta (AFRODONTA) NOVEMLAMELLARIS,

Burnup. [S.A.M.]

1912 Hndodonta (Afrodonta) novemlamellaris, Bnp., Ann. Natal Mus.

i. p, ef spl 2451. 113 ear

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carx or Goop Horr. Grahamstown; Kowie (Farquhar).

King Williamstown (Godfrey).

215. ENDopoNTA (AFRODONTA) PERFIDA, Burnup.

1907 Trachycystis rotula, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p.99. pl. 6, £.12. DF.

1912 Hndodonta (Afrodonta) perfida, Bnp. (=rotula, M. & P., 1907,

nec Hombr. & Jacq., 1854), Bnp., Ann. Natal Mus. ii.

p. 337. pl. 24, f.1-6. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Fern Kloof, Grahamstown (Far-

quhar).

216. ENpoponta (AFRODONTA) TRILAMELLARIS,

Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1908 Afrodonta trilamellaris, M. & P., A.M.N.H.i.p. 134. pl.7,£.7. DF.

1912 Endodonta (Afrodonta) trilamellaris, M. & P., Bnp., Ann. Natal

Mus. i. p. 336. DN.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 129

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natat. Dargle (Burnup).

Genus PHORTION, Preston, 1910.

(A.M.N.H. vi. p. 581.)

(=Phasis, Albers, 1850, nee Hubner, in Lepidoptera, 1816.)

Type of Genus, Ph, menkeanum (Pfr.).

217. PHORTION CAPENSE (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

1841 Helix capensis, Pfr., Symb. i. p. 40. D.

1848 * » (=2rrorata, Zgl. in litt.), Pfr., Mon. Hel.

Ip. /O0:, 2:

1849 5 », Conch. Cab.p.220.pl.34 (1848), f.9-11. DF.

1850 . re SS. eae NE Ebay. yo. 272 NE

1851 es 5, ve., Conch. Icon. pl. 48, f. 202. DF.

1853 F. ,, (=littoricola, Bs. in litt.), Pfr., Mon. Hel.

ill. p. 66.

1887 Helix (Pella) capensis, Pfr., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 103.

ple20i, Gls) DEE.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab, Carr or Goop Hops (coll. Pfeiffer). Cape Town and Cape

Peninsula (very common). Robben I. (Fisk). Dassen I. (Connolly).

Port Elizabeth to Alexandria (Crawford). Port Alfred (Penther).

Widely distributed from Port Elizabeth to Namaland. Ph. paludi-

cola (Bs.) is possibly a small, and witenhagense (Krs.) a high-spired,

form of capense, while namaquanum (von Mts.) appears to be little

more than a variety of the same species, of which examples quite as

large as namaquanum are known from Muizenberg.

218. PHORTION MENKEANUM (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

1842 Helix menkeana, Pfr. (H. capensis, Menke, ined.), Pfr., Symb.

it. p: 33. D:

1848 o 5, Mon. Hel. 1. p. 55. D,

i fe ae Kers5) Sadairy: Moll tpi ijosmenNe

1852 o ,», Conch. Cab. p. 229. pl. 133, f. 5, 6. pl. 111

(1850), f. 1-5. DF.

ws z », Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 106, f.591. DF.

1887 Helix (Pella) menkeana, Pir., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 108.

pete 98. DF.

1893 Phasis menkeana, Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. ix. p. 37. pl. 10,

f. 1-3. F.

130 Annals of the South African Museum.

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. Carn or Goop Horr (Menke). Elim (Krauss).

Carp Penrnsux, widely distributed from Table Mountain to Cape

Point.

219. PHORTION NAMAQUANUM (von Martens).

1889 Helix (Pella) namaquana, von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr.

Berlin, p: 161. D;

1893 Phasis namaquana, von Mts., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. viii.p.297. N.

1894 Helix ‘ F; Conch. Mitth. iii, 3. p. 4. D.

INI) Bs a Archiy. f. Naturg. lxiii, i. p. 38.

pl 7,78. daa: SED Sk

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Lirrtn Namatanp. Between Port Nolloth and Ananas

(Schenck ; Day).

220, PHORTION PALUDICOLA (Benson).

1850 Helia paludicola, Bs., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 253. D.

1853, 54 ‘ » Lir., Conch: Cab. p.358.pl.137, 1.4.5. Dee

1853 A », Mon. Helin. p. 66:52).

3 tvve:, Conch’ leonspl74 f2079) San:

1887 Helix (Bolle anatnasene Be Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 104.

pl. 20; £645 UE.

Specimens ex auct. in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab, Carr PEninsunA. “ Baszaarms” (Baas Harman’s) Kraal,

near Retreat (Benson), Seekoe Vlei (Connolly).

221. ? PHORTION SOLLERS (Melv. & Pons.)

1907 ? Phasis sollers, M.& P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 100. pl. 6, f.14. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. ZuLvuLraANd. Melmoth (Miss Hickey).

Probably better placed nearer Trachycystis.

222. PHORTION UITENHAGENSE (Krauss).

1846 Helix witenhagensis, Krs., Pfr., Symb. iii. p. 66. D.

1848 i Ee 3 Non: Eel... p- 61. 2;

. a », udafr. Moll. p. 76. pl. 4,£.22. DF.

1854 Bs ,, Rve.,Conch. Icon. pl.207,f.1461. DF.

1887 Helix (Pella) witenhagensis, Krs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii.

p. 104. pl. "20; i. (6355 ese:

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Carge or Goop Hops. Winterhoek Mt., Uitenhage

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 131

(Krauss). ‘‘ Moderately plentiful in the neighbourhood of the

village of Uitenhage, on the gravelly soil on low bushes” (Layard).

Crawford considers this species to be a var. of capense, and writes

of its occurrence at Port Elizabeth: ‘“ P. witenhagense is found only

in Zwartkops valley, and is always more conical than capense.

Same habits as capense.”

Layard wrote: ‘I look upon this as the inland variety of the

preceding species”’ (capense). ‘It was not nearly so abundant as

capensis in its own locality. It has more whorls and a more exserted

spire than capensis, but partakes of all the varieties from pure white

to dark mottled specimens.”’

Genus SCULPTARIA, Pfeiffer, 1855.

(Mal. Blatt. ii. p. 135.)

Type of Genus, S. sculpturata (Gray).

The subjoined classification is based on J. H. Ponsonby’s article in

Proc. Mal. Soc., 1910, vol. ix. p. 34.

923. SCULPTARIA COLLARIS (Pfeiffer).

1867 Helix collaris, Pir., Mal. Blatt. xiv. p.197. D.

1868 = 7 Mon, Eel: v.p. 006. 2:

1869 i » Novit. Conch. iii. p. 496. pl. 107, £.5-9. DF.

1886 Helix sculpturata, Gray, Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 621. pl. 178, f. 26—

Picea! Dab

1887 Polygyra (Sculptaria) sculpturata, Gray, var. collaris, Ptr.,

Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 138. pl. 24, f. 27, 28. DF’

1910 Sculptaria collaris, Pir., Pons., Proc. Mal. Soe. ix. p. 35. N.

, Helix (Sculptaria) collaris, Pfr., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 438. N.

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. DAMARALAND (fide Bottger).

924, ScULPTARIA DAMARENSIS (H. Adams).

1870 Helix (Corilla) damarensis, H. Ad., P.Z.S.p.379. pl. 27,£.14. DF.

1887 Polygyra (Sculptaria) sculpturata, Gray, var. damarensis, H. Ad.,

Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 138. pl. 25, f. 67, 68. D.F.

1890 Sculptaria chapmanni, Ancey, Bull.Soc. Mal. Fr., vii. p.156. D.

1892 ‘3 melvilliana, Ancey (=chapmanni, Ancey, nec Cox),

Brit. Nat. p. 126.

1910 - damarensis, H. Ad., Pons., Proc. Mal. Soc. ix. p.35. N.

132 Annals of the South African Museum.

1910 Helix (Sculptaria) damarensis, H. Ad., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii, p. 438. N.

Type of damarensis in British Museum; melvilliana in coll.

Dautzenberg.

Hab. Ovampotand. Walwich Bay (melvilliana, Andersson and

Chapman).

Pfeiffer, Clessin, and von Martens have at different times placed

the present species in the synonymy of collaris, Pfr., and Paetel and

Tryon in that of sculpturata, Gray. Ponsonby (1910) remarks :

“This is the largest species of the Genus; the spire is more raised

and the sculpture is weaker than in any of its allies.”

225. SCULPTARIA RETISCULPTA (von Martens).

1889 Helix retisculpta, von Mts., Nachrichtsbl. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges.

XK ps or.) 1):

1894 Sculptaria retisculpta, von Mts., Conch. Mitth. iii, 3. p. 5. D.

1897 i - Archiv. f. Naturg. ]xiii, i. p. 38.

Plate lope Be

1910 a Pons.,Proc.Mal.Soc.ix.p.36. N.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Damaratann. Ussab (ex “ Linnea,’ fide von Martens).

226. SCULPTARIA SCULPTURATA (Gray).

1838 Helicodonta sculpturata, Gray, Alexander’s Expedition,ii.p.268. D.

1845 Helix sculpturata, Gray, Pfr., Zeitschr. f. Malak. p. 86. D.

1848 a Ae », Mon. Hel. i. p. 408. D.

1854 2 » Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 208, £.1471. DF.

1887 Polygyra (Sculptaria) sculpturata, Gray, Tryon, Man. of Conch.

lil qo, 138: pl. 2550.69) DLE.

1893 Sculptaria sculpturata, Gray, Pilsb., Man. of Conch. ix. p. 39.

plo si) 4.5 Bee

1910 a », Pons., Proc. Mal. Soc.ix.p.34. D.

» Helix (Sculptaria) sculpturata, Pfr., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 437. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Great Namananp. Near the Great Fish River (Alexander).

DAMARALAND. “ Kurikaubmund am Swakop (Kurikop bei Otji-

kango)’’ (Rintelen).

var. RINTELENI, Bottger.

1910 Helix (sculptaria) sculpturata, Pfr., var. rintelen, Bttg., Abh.

Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii.p.437.pl.28,f.1. DP.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 133

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.

Hab. DAMARALAND. Hauleb, S. of Usakos (Rintelen).

Genus TRACHYCYSTIS, Pilsbry, 1893.

(Man. of Conch. viii. p. 136, and ix. p. 37.)

(= Pella, Albers, 1860 (pars), nec Stephens, in Coleoptera, 1835.)

Type of Genus, 7. bisculpta (Bs.).

During recent years this Genus has been a convenient receptacle

for a large number of small South African helicoids, whose soft parts

are mostly unknown, and whose conchological characters do not

admit of their inclusion in other South African Genera. It has long

been obvious that, as more becomes known of the animals, the

Genus will have to undergo considerable revision. The fact, too, of

bisculpta standing as the type will enormously restrict Trachycystis

S.S., a8 its animal is a very peculiar one, to which only charybdis,

and probably tollinz, vorticialis, and hartvigiana are near akin.

227. TRACHYCYSTIS ACTINOTRICHA (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1892 Helix (Pella) actinotricha, M. & P., A.M.N.H. x. p. 238. pl. 13,

boa Osi

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) actinotricha, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of

Conch. viii. p. 143. pl. 35, f£. 14. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. Pietermaritzburg; Karkloof; Nottingham Road

(Burnup).

228. TRACHYCYSTIS NEA (Krauss).

1848 Helix enea, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 75. pl. 4, £18. DF.

r ” », Pir., Zeitschr. f. Malak. p. 92. D.

1853 a ees eeNion. Hel. ii. p. 68. 72!

1854 Be »» Bve., Conch. Icon. pl. 189, f. 13820. DF.

1887 Helix (Pella) enea, Krs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 105.

ple 20st. Wa, DLE

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Natat (Wahlberg).

229. TRAcHYycysTIS ALCOCKI, Melv. & Pons. ([S.A.M.]

1895 Helia (Trachycystis) alcocki, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xv. p. 164.

pl 12; & 25) DF.

134 Annals of the South African Museum.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Kowie, Port Alfred to Alexandria

District (Crawford). Grahamstown (Farquhar).

230. TRACHYCYSTIS APRICA (Krauss).

1848 Helix aprica, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 77. pl. 4, £.26. DF.

i - » Pfr., Zeitschr. f. Malak. p.114. D.

1851 A » Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 48, f. 201. D.F.

1853 . ») Pir, Mons Heltiigo 123. dD.

1887 Helix (Pella) aprica, Krs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 107.

ple 20; tes8s

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Nata (Wahlberg).

231, TRACHYCYSTIS AULACOPHORA (Ancey).

1890 Helix aulacophora, Ancey, Bull. Soc. Mal. France, vii. p. 153. D.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) aulacophora, Ancey, Pilsb., Man. of

Conch. vil. p. 1388) pl. 43, i606 DF.

Type in coll. Geret.

Hab. Carré or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth, North end to

Zwartkops River (Crawford).

232. TRACHYCYSTIS BATHYCOELE (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1892 Helix (Pella) bathycoele,M.& P., A.M.N.H.ix.p.89. pl.5, £.4. DF.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) bathycoele, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

Vill. p.139, pl. 35, 1. 13.90 ee

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops. Craigie Burn, Somerset East (Miss

Bowker). Bedford; Dassie Krantz, Grahamstown (Farquhar). Van

Staadens River, Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

Narau. Pietermaritzburg; Ntimbankulu (Burnup).

233. TRACHYCYSTIS BISCULPTA (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1851 Helix bisculpta, Bs., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 103. D.

1853 Z ), Ping Montstlelii.p. 72. 2:

- Bs 3° ves Conch. Icon. pl. 173, £11712 ape

1854 is », Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 380. pl. 141 (1852),

Vig el by jo uS Suma 6 a) ae

1887 Helix (Pella) bisculpta, Bs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 105.

pleAO i. 72.2.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 135

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) bisculpta, Bs., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. ix.

pp. 37, 38. pl, 10, f. 5-7. pl. 15, £.3,4. FA.

Specimens ex auct. in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Camps Bay (Benson). Houw Hoek

(Lightfoot). Widely distributed over the greater part of the Cape

Peninsula, from Lion’s Head to Cape Point.

Layard wrote: ‘ There are two forms of this shell; var. major is

found at Bredasdorp ; the var. minor I procured among grass roots

at the foot of the Round Battery, Simonstown.”

A beautiful variety with white, translucent shell, from Signal Hill,

Cape Town (Lightfoot), is in the S.A. Museum.

234. TRACHYCYSTIS BURNUPI, Melv. & Pons. ([S.A.M.]

1892 Helix (Pella) burnupi, M.& P.,A.M.N.H.x.p. 239. pl.13,f.6. DF.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) burnupi, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

vil. p. 40; plo30,f.0, Du.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup). Common throughout

Natal.

Lorenzo Marques. Delagoa Bay (Connolly).

235. TRACHYCYSTIS CALORAMA, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1899 Trachycystis calorama, M.& P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 196. pl.3, £.6. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. Pinetown; Inchanga (Burnup).

236. TRACHYCYSTIS CENTRIFUGA, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1903. Trachycystis centrifuga, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xi. p. 602. pl. 32,

fee ASE,

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Maestrom Forest, Bedford (Farqu-

har). Pirie Forest (var., Godfrey).

237. TRACHYCYSTIS CHARYBDIS (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1856 Helx charybdis, Bs., A.M.N.H. xvii. p. 436. D.

1859 “ a a eer; Mone Elels ivenos LOGs se:

1899 ; 5 6 M.&P,A.M.N.E.iv: plo pls silos Nor

Specimen ex auct. in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. Carr Peninsuna. Table Mountain (Layard ; Lightfoot ;

Connolly). Kalk Bay (Lightfoot),

136 Annals of the South African Museum.

238, TRACHYCYSTIS CONISALEA (Melvy. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1892 Helix (Pella) conisalea, M.& P., A.M.N.H.x. p.239. pl.13,£.7. DF.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) conisalea, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

Will, p. 140opl.3o, 1.4. Dur.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Pietermaritzburg ; Nottingham Road; Karkloof ;

Dargle ; Equeefa; Table Mountain, E. of Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

239. TRACHYCYSTIS CONNOLLYI, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1909 Trachycystis connollyi, M.& P., A.M.N.H.iv.p.491. pl.8,f.15. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Montagu (Connolly). Kuruman (in

coll. Layard).

Nearly allied to 7’. farquhari (M. & P.).

240. TRACHYCYSTIS COxI, Preston.

1912 Trachycystis cox1, Prest., Proc. Mal. Soc. x. p. 18. D.F.

Type in coll. Dautzenberg.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Knysna Forest (Cox).

Resembles znclara, Morelet, from which it differs in being imper-

forate and of a more delicate substance.

241. Tracnycystis EcTIMA, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1899 Trachycystis ectima, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 197. pl.3,£.8. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narau. Umkomaas; Tongaat (Burnup).

242. TRACHYCYSTIS EPETRIMA (Melv. & Pons.).

1892 Helix (Pella) epetrima, M.& P., A.M.N.H.ix.p. 84. pl.4,f.3. DF.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) epetrima, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

viii. p. 146. pl. 35, f.6. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Somerset District (fide M. & P.).

North End, Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

243. TRACHYCYSTIS ERYTHRACTIS, sp. nov., pl. 2,f.5. [S.A.M.]

Shell depressed-conic, subrimate, rather thin and dull, hardly

translucent; with close, faint, regular striation parallel to the curve

of the outer lip; pale cream-coloured, prettily marked on the upper

side with irregular ruby rays and streaks; the underside, though

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 137

similarly striate, is of thinner texture and devoid of red marking.

Spire moderately elevated, apex sharp. Whorls 54, gradually

increasing, rounded, with very slight angulation at the periphery.

Suture simple, shallow. Aperture compressed oval; peristome thin,

simple; columella short, thickened upwards, margin narrowly

reflexed, almost entirely concealing the perforation.

Diam. maj. 10-1, min. 8:9; alt. 6°38; Apert. alt. 5-2, lat. 5:4 mm.

Type in South African Museum.

Hab. Carre or Goop Horr. Caledon Division (Lightfoot).

Possibly nearer Phortion than Trachycystis, but differing there-

from in one or two important particulars.

244, TRACHYCYSTIS FARQUHARI (Melv. & Pons.).

1892 Helia farquhart, M.& P., A.M.N.H. x. p. 240. pl. 13,f.9. DF.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) farquhari, M.& P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

viii. p. 147. pl. 35, f. 12. DP.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Farquhar),

Very nearly allied to 7. connollyi, from which it possibly differs in

having rather less convex whorls and more concave columella.

245, TRACHYCYSTIS GLANVILLIANA (Ancey).

1890 Helix glanvilliana, Ancey, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr. vii. p. 157. D.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) glanvilliana, Ancey, Pilsb., Man. of

Conch. villi. p. 147. N.

Type in coll. Geret.

Hab. Carre oF Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Miss Glanville).

246. TRACHYCYSTIS GLEBARIA, Melv. & Pons. ([8.A.M.]

1903 Trachycystis glebaria,M.& P., A.M.N.H.xii.p.602.p1.32,f.15. DP.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natat. Pinetown; Hilton Road (Burnup).

247. TRACHYCYSTIS HARTVIGIANA (Pfeiffer).

1861 Helix hartvigiana, Pir., Mal. Blatt. viii. p. 167. D.

1868 a 3 Mon: Hel. v. p: 239) 5D:

1886 = » Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 617. pl. 178, f. 10-

See eee

1887 Helix (Pella) hartvigiana, Pfr., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii.

palOfspl 20; f2 89-91. Der.

1898 Pella hartvigiana, Pfr., Stur., S,A. Moll, p, 39, N,

138 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Gnadenthal, near Stellenbosch

(Hartvig). Oudebosch (Layard).

248. TRACHYCYSTIS HOTTENTOTA (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1891 Helix hottentota, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p. 239. D.

1892 3 3 ieepot. pl. 4, f. 6. et

1893 Phasis (Tr nclneyste, hattoniore M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

vail. pi 14 pldo, f. 8. Dek

1907 Trachycystis paula, M. & P., A.M.N,H.xix.p.99.pl.6,f.11. DF.

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Carre or Goop Horr. Happy Valley and Rufane Vale,

Port Elizabeth (Crawford). Wynberg; Simonstown; Lakeside ;

Caledon (Connolly).

Nata. Pietermaritzburg (Penther). Majuba (Connolly). Game

Pass, &c. (Burnup).

TRANSVAAL. Johannesburg (paula, McBean). Pretoria ; Pienaars

Poort ; Buiskop (Connolly).

A somewhat variable species, in which the beautiful distant costu-

late sculpture, so noticeable in immature or very fine adult specimens,

disappears quickly when exposed to wear. The type of paula has

been very carefully compared with that of hottentota, and is un-

doubtedly conspecific.

249. TRACHYCYSTIS INCLARA (Morelet). [S.A.M.]

1889 Helix inops, Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p. 6. pl. 1, f. 2. DF.

inclara, pee (=inops, Morel., 1889, nec Mouss., 1872),

Morel., J. de C. xxxvui. p. 200.

a ,, vowkeriana, pair in litt.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) inops, Morel., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. viii.

p. 144. pl. 43, f. 50, 51. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Garr or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth; Alexandria District

(Crawford). Grahamstown (bowkeriana, Miss Glanville). Tharfield

(bowkeriana, Miss Bowker). Bedford; Bathurst (Farquhar). Port

St. John’s (Shortridge).

” 27)

950. TRACHYCYSTIS KNYSNAENSIS, Preston.

1912 Trachycystis knysnaensis, Prest., Proc. Mal. Soc. x. p.17. DF.

Type in coll. Dautzenberg.

Hab. Care or Goop Hope, Knysna Forest (Cox).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 139

251. TRacHYCysTIS LATICOsSTATA, Mely. & Pons.

1903 Trachycystis latecostata, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 602. pl. 32,

£09" DP’.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. Maestrém Forest, Bedford (Far-

quhar).

252. TRACHYCYSTIS LIGNICOLA, Melv. & Pons.

1898 Trachycystis lignicola, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ii. p.125. pl.7,£.1. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carre or Goop Hors. Fish River, Cradock (Farquhar).

253. TRACHYCYSTIS LIRICOSTATA (Mely. & Pons.).

1891 Helix (Pella) liricostata, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p. 239. D.

1892 Bs ix. p.04.pLo,£ Le

1893 Phasis rachde ystis) Rosas, M.. & P:, Pilsb., , Man, jot

Conch. viii. p. 140. pl. 35, f. 9. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Cape oF Goop Horr. East Griqualand (fide M. & P.).

Van Staadens River and Coerney, Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

254, TRACHYCYSTIS LOVENI (Krauss).

1848 Helix lovémi, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 76. pl. 4, f. 21. DF.

K 1 , Pir., Zeitsehr. f. Malak. v. p. 93. D.

1851 a », Rye., Conch. Icon. pl. 43, £.195. DF.

1853 5s oy bie Montel. ii: p. 79. D.

1887 Helix (Pella) lovent, Krs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 106.

pl. 20, f.74. DF.

1898 Phasis (Trachycystis) loven, M. & P., Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 45.

(Err. typ.)

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab, Narva (Wahlberg).

255. TRacHycystTis tyG#A (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1892 Helix (Pella) lygea, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 85. pl. 4, £.7. D.F.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) lygea, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch,

Wilts p. L38oplido;, £7. DE.

1899 Trachycystis lygea, M. & P., Moss & Webb, Proc. Mal. Soc.

lil, pi 263. A,

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup),

Cape oF Goop Horn. Somerset Hast District (Miss Bowker),

140 Annals of the South African Museum.

256, TRACHYCYSTIS METALLAKTER, sp. nov., pl. 2, f. 6. [S.A.M.]

Shell small, depressed globose, umbilicate, thin, fulvo-corneous,

semitransparent. Spire little raised, apex rounded. Whorls 4,

convex, gradually increasing ; beautifully sculptured above on the

second, third, and part of the fourth with delicate, curved, rather

distant, transverse lire, which are clear, but less pronounced, on the

underside; towards the aperture the striation becomes closer and

fainter. Suture deep. Aperture sub-ovate, descending slightly ;

peristome thin, simple. Umbilicus not very wide, but deep, extend-

ing to the apex. Columella weak, margin slightly reflexed, but in

no way concealing the umbilicus.

Diam, maj. 4:0, min. 3:4; alt. 2:2; apert. alt. 1:9, lat. 1-5 mm.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Caledon (Connolly).

As with the far smaller hottentota, M. & P., the distant lirze, which

are such a beautiful feature in immature shells, wear off with in-

creasing age, and do not seem to be produced after the first

34 whorls. I have chosen the type carefully, as being in a tran-

sitional stage, for specimens of exceptional size possessing 5 whorls

show hardly a trace of the early sculpture, and might well be

mistaken for a different species.

257. TRACHYCYSTIS MICROSCOPICA (Krauss).

1848 Helix nicroscopica, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 76. pl. 4, £.20. DF.

- 7” » Piro Zeitsehr. f.. Malak. v. p. 93. =D:

1853 5 53 pe wonreelel: ii. p. 83. D:

1887 Helia (Pella) microscopica, Krs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii.

p. 106: pl. 20, £..77, 78. 20e7.

Type in Stockholm Museum.

Hab. Natat. Mooi River (Wahlberg).

Through the courtesy of Dr. S. Théele, of Stockholm, I am enabled

to give, on p. 159, a photograph of this little-known species. It

will be seen that it can hardly be placed in Pupisoma, but its exact

generic position is extremely doubtful.

258. TRACHYCYSTIS MICROSTRIATA, Preston.

1912 Trachycystis nucrostriata, Prest., Proc. Mal. Soc. x. p.18. DF.

Type in coll. Dautzenberg.

Hab. Carre oF Goqp Horr. Knysna (Cox).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 141

959. TRACHYCYSTIS ORDINARIA, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1908 Trachycystis ordinaria, M. & P., A.M.N.H.i. p.135. pl. 7,£.8. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaat. Potchefstroom (Miss Livingston).

OraNceE FREE Stare. Bloemfontein; Rustfontein (Connolly),

Kroonstad (Miss Hickey).

Specimens from Rustfontein have rather coarser and more distant

striation than the typical form, but are hardly specifically separable.

260. TRACHYCYSTIS OREINA, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Trachycystis oreina, M.& P.,A.M.N.H. xii. p.602. pl. 32,£.8. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Cape or Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Farquhar).

961. TracHycysTIs PATERA, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Trachycystis patera, M.& P., A.M.N.H. xii. p.603. pl. 32, f. 6. DF’.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr, Maestrém Forest, Bedford (Far-

quhar). Simonstown (Connolly).

262. TRACHYCYSTIS PERMEATA, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Trachycystis permeata, M.& P.,A.M.N.H.xii.p.603.p1.32,f.2. DF,

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nata, Pinetown; Tongaat (Burnup).

263. TRACHYCYSTIS PERPLICATA (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1851 Helix perplicata, Bs., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 104. D.

1853 is , lvve., Conch: Icon, pl. 173, £1173) Dir

5 oe etc Mons Eels iit ioe Silas 1)

1854 -s i. », Conch. Cab. p. 381. pl. 141 (1852),

f, 20-22. D.F.

1885 Helicopsis tabule, Chaper, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. x. p. 483. pl. 11,

feet. 21 Ef,

1887 Helix (Pella) perplicata, Bs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 106.

ple 20; f. 76. DE.

1892 7 rhysodes, M.& P., A.M.N.H. ix. p.87. pl.4,f.2. DF.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) rhysodes, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch,

viii. p. 141. pl. 35, £2. DF.

tabule, Chaper, Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

Vill, p.. 139) pl. 43) 52a De

Specimens of perplicata, ex auct., in University Museum of

”) 9?

142 Annals of the South African Museum.

Zoology, Cambridge. Type of rhysodes in British Museum ; tabule

in Ecole des Mines, Paris.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Near Newlands (Benson). Table

Mountain (tabule, Chaper). ? Port Elizabeth (fide Sturany). Widely

distributed throughout the Cape Peninsula from Table Mountain to

“Cape Point.

The type of rhysodes, from the Layard collection, from an unknown

locality, is identical with perplicata, Bs.; and after careful study of

Chaper’s description and figure of tabulg, I have no hesitation in

placing the latter in the same synonymy.

264, TRACHYCYSTIS PETROBIA (Benson).

1851 Helix petrobia, Bs., A.M.N.H. vil. p. 105, D.

1853 i » Ei; Mony Eels p95. ~D.

MS _ » weve., Conch, Icon; pl. 173, 1. 1169., Dae

1854 a ,, Pir., Conch. Cab. p. 382. pl. 141 (1852),

f. 25-27. DF.

1887 Helix (Pella) petrobia, Bs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 107.

pl 20 5. Ol. 2Dee.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. High Constantia (Benson). Port

Elizabeth, North End (Crawford).

265, TRACHYCYSTIS PINGUIS (Krauss).

1848 Helix pinguis, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 75. pl. 4, £19. DF.

o - >. Pir, Zeitsehr. i. Malak.v,p. 91. =D:

1851 . » Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 43, f. 200. DF.

1853 _ » Bfr:;-Mon. Hel. iu. p. 64. 22:

1887 Helix (Pella) pinguis, Krs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. ili. p. 103.

pl. 20;:f. 60; - DAF.

1898 Pella pinguis, Krs., Stur., 8.A. Moll. p. 39. N.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab, Narvau (Wahlberg).

No recent localities are given, as doubt exists whether the shell,

which has of late years been generally accepted as pinguis, is in

reality that species. von Martens’ record of Tette must also be

viewed with distrust.

266. TRACHYCYSTIS PLANTI (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

1854 Helix platti, Pir., P.Z.8. p.51. (Hrr. typ.) D.

. ,.. plantt .,, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 189, f. 1325. DF.

18a9s)) 355 2 », Mon. Hel. iv. p. 60. D.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 148

1885 Helix planti Pfr., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 622. pl.178, f. 29-31. DF.

1887 ,, (Pella) planti, Pfr., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 105.

Bie 20a: Dz.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) planti, Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. viii.

p. 142. pl. 43, £. 57-59. NF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau (Plant). Lower Umkomaas; Durban; Tongaat

(Burnup).

ZuLuLAND. Umbonambi (Burnup).

?TransvaaL. Lydenburg (fide Craven). <A very doubtful locality.

Care oF Goop Hops. Tharfield, near Kleinmont Rivermouth

(Miss Bowker, fide Layard).

var. AFRICZ, Brown.

1865 Helix africa, Brown, Amer. Journ. of Conch. i. p. 136. D.

1876 33 a eir., Mon, Hel. vii: pr 459. “DEN-

1877 ‘ = 3, Coneh, Cab:p:527. pl.162,.88,9. Done

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) africe, Brown, Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

vill. p. 142. pl. 43, f. 55, 56. DF.

planti, Pir., var. africe, Brown, Pilsb.

Man. of Conch. ix. p. 38.

Type in Philadelphia Museum.

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. Great Brakke (Brown).

” 7

267. TRACHYCYSTIS PRIONACIS (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1864 Helix prionacis, Bs., A.M.N.H. xiii. p. 493. D.

ae » Orownngi ,, is if D.

n868 _,, a S sein., Mon. Hel. yv.ps 78. <D:

») prionacis 3, , * p: 183: BD:

1892 ,, (Pella) erateina, M. & P., A.M.N.H.ix.p.88.pl.5,£.3. DF.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) erateina, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

Vill. p. 1372 ple3o, f 11) DEee

prionacis, Bs., Pilsb., zbid. p. 137. D.

browningit, Bs., Pilsb., cbid. p. 1386. D.

browningit, Bs., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

Ix: p39. pl. 1O;fAS) Jee

1898 Trachycystis eratina, M. & P., Proc. Mal. Soe. iii. p. 178.

Type of eratina in British Museum; originals of browning in

University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge ; prionacis probably in

British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Bredasdorp (prionacis, Layard).

> 9

144 Annals of the South African Museum.

Near Cape Point (browningii, Browning). Bredasdorp ; Cape Point

(eratina, Layard).

Prionacis was founded on a single specimen furnished by Layard

from Bredasdorp ; browningii on two found by Browning near Cape

Point ; eratina on shells in coll. Layard from Bredasdorp and Cape

Point.

In the recently dispersed Layard collection was a tube labelled

“erateima”’ containing shells from Cape Point and Bredasdorp.

These were identical with original browntngii in the Cambridge

Museum. Prionacis was differentiated by Benson from browningi

on account of larger size, less close plication, extending further down

on the underside, and wider umbilicus. All these points are con-

sistent with the increasing growth of the shell, young examples of

which are almost imperforate, and show no basal sculpture. It

seems advisable to unite the three species, of which prionacis has

priority.

268. TRACHYCYSTIS PYCNOTRICHA, Melv. & Pons.

1899 Trachycystis pycnotricha,M.&P.,A.M.N.H.iv.p.197.pl.3,£.7. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Kowie River (Cox).

269. TRACHYCYSTIS RARIPLICATA (Benson).

1849 Helix rariplicata, Bs.in Mss., Pfr., Zeitschr.f. Malak.vi.p.71. D.

1850 : 7 A MONE vine ot, 9D:

1853 ‘i » Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 323. pl. 129 (1852),

f. 31-33. DF.

. “s », Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 174, f. 1183. DF.

» Pir.,, Mon. Elelsin. ip. 96" 2D:

1879 Helix ( (Pella) rariplicata, Be Binn., Ann. N.¥. Acad. Sci.. i.

p..c6lt plait. El! ah:

1884 Pella rariplicata, Bs., Binn., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 89.

[yay pe Berar

1887 Helix (Pella) rariplicata, Bs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 107.

ple 2054182) Der.

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. Care PrninsuntaA. Green Point Lighthouse (Benson ;

Layard).

Examples presented to the British Museum as rariplicata by

Gibbons in 1876 have proved to be not that species, but sabuletorwm.

As Binney obtained his specimens from Gibbons, his articles in all

probability refer to the last-mentioned species.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 145

270. TRACHYCYSTIS RIVULARIS (Krauss).

1848 Helix rivularis, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 77. pl. 4, £25. DF.

u 5 , Pir., Zeitschr. f, Malak. v. Delta)

1853 x ae > Mont Helin: ps Lio:

1874 ‘ », Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 59. N.

1887 Helix (Pella) rivularis, Krs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 107.

pl. 20, f. 85-87. D.F.

Type in Stockholm Museum.

Hab. Natat. Source of Mooi River (Wahlberg).

var, DENSESTRIATA, Nov. [S.A.M.]

Shell small, rather depressed, umbilicate, thin, bright fulvo-cor-

neous, covered on both sides with close, prominent, regular, curved,

x 34.

1. Trachycystis rivularis, Krs. (Type).

Op in 3 var. densestriata, Zwart Kop.

3. 5 Ks r Pietersburg.

4 ‘ ordinaria, M. & P., Bloemfontein.

5 ms 3 ma lirate var., Rustfontein.

transverse striae. Whorls 44, rounded, gradually increasing. Suture

impressed. Aperture lunate, descending a little in front ; peristome

thin, simple; columella weak, concave, margin slightly reflexed, but

in no way covering the umbilicus, which, though not wide, is deep,

extending to the apex.

146 Annals of the South African Museum.

Diam. maj. 4°55; min. 3°5; alt. 2-2; Apert., lat. 1°8, alt. 1:6 mm.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Transvaat. Zwart Kop, Pretoria; Buiskop ; Pietersburg

(Connolly).

The foregoing photographs give some idea of the form of rivularis

and its variety, compared with ordinaria, M.& P. Densestriata differs

from Krauss’ type in having slightly, though very noticeably, closer

striation, but agrees with it in all other respects, and does not appear

to be specifically separable.

Nobré has recently recorded rivularis from Angola, but this is

unlikely to be correct.

271. TRacHycystis RUTILANS, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M_]

1908 Trachycystis rutilans, M.&P., A.M.N.H.i. p. 135. pl.7,£.9. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navat, Alexandra Park, Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

272. TRACHYCYSTIS SABULETORUM (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1851 Helix sabuletorum, Bs., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 105. D.

1853 a 7) te, Mon! eel: is, 960s

Rs i ,, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 174, f.1180. D.F.

1854 3 », Pir., Conch. Cab. p. 414. pl. 147 (1853),

Pally. Dae.

1887 Heliz (Pella) sabuletorum, Bs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii.

ps 207. pl 20, £2832) EP:

Specimens ex auct. in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. CAPE or Goop Horz. Hout Bay; Strand not far from

Somerset; Kalk Bay (fide Benson). Stumpnose (Gould). Her-

manus (Lightfoot). Generally distributed along the coast of the

Cape Peninsula.

273. TRACHYCYSTIS SCOLOPENDRA, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1903 Trachycystis scolopendra, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 603. pl. 32,

fedora aE |

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan, Port Shepstone; LEqueefa; Durban; Lower

Umkomaas (Burnup). Umzimkulu (Purcell).

Cape oF Goop Hope. Port St. John’s (Shortridge). Pirie

(Godfrey).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 147

974. TRACHYCYSTIS SIMPLEX, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Trachycystis simplex, M. & P.,A.M.N.H. xii. p. 604. pl.32,f.7. DF’.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hops. Pondoland (Farquhar).

275. TRACHYCYSTIS SOMERSETENSIS (Mely. & Pons.).

1893 Helix (Patula) somersetensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xi. p.19. pl. 3,

1, Ot REE

Pilsb.,Man.ofConch.viil.

p. 295. pl. 43, £63. DF’.

9 ” >

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Hors. Somerset Hast (Miss Bowker).

976. TRACHYCYSTIS sPIssicosTA, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1907 Trachycystis spissicosta, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 100. pl. 6,

ig Ns ee DPTDE

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Farquhar).

Orance Free State. Thaba N’chu (Connolly).

Rather near, but smaller than, 7. simplex, M. & P.

277. TRACHYCYSTIS TERETIUSCULA, Melv. & Pons.

1897 Trachycystis teretiuscula, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 635. pl. 17,

Toe | OEE

- Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narvau. Howick; Pietermaritzburg; Hqueefa (Burnup).

Majuba (Connolly).

Orance Free Srate. Platberg, Harrismith (Connolly).

Care oF Goop Hops. East London (var.) (Godfrey).

A very variable species.

278. TRACHYCYSTIS TOLLINI (Albers.). [S.A.M.]

1855 Nanina afra, Pir., Mal. Blatt. ii. p. 119. (Without characters.)

1856 Helix tollini, Alb., Bs., A.M.N.H. xviii. p, 486. D.

ico iS , Mal. Blatt. iv. p. 94. D.

B59 -,, - aaeine, Mon, Hell iv. pile:

se Peeajra, bir Mon, Hel. iv. p. 124:

1860 ,, vroseri, Krs., von Mts., Die Helic., p. 84. L.

1886 ,, tollini, Alb., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 618. pl. 178, f. 13-15. DF.

1887 ,, (Pella) tollini, Alb., Tryon, Man. of Conch. ii. p. 108.

pl. 21, £. 92-94. D.F.

148 Annals of the South African Museum.

1892 Helix (Pella) tuguriolum, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 88. pl. 5,

by DoE.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) tuguriolum, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of

Conch: vill p: 145, pl. 135) gle Sar.

1898 Pella tollini, Alb., Stur., S.A. Moll. pp. 39, 40. N.

Originals of tollini in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge ;

types of afra and tuguriolwm in British Museum ; roserz in Stuttgart

Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops (afra, McGillivray, fide Pfeiffer).

Table Mountain (tollini, Tollin; Layard). Stellenbosch (Purcell).

Kalk Bay; Simonstown; Kommetje; Houw Hoek; Caledon (Con-

nolly). Gordon’s Bay; Hermanus (Lightfoot). Bredasdorp (Layard).

Swellendam District (roservi, Krauss).

Helix afra, Pfr., is identical with tollini, Alb., and must yield

priority to the latter, which was the earliest name under which the

species was either described or figured. The type set of tuguriolum,

labelled ‘‘South Africa” (coll. Layard), are also immature, rather

pale examples of the same species.

The type, and only authentic example, of voser?, Krauss, is a semi-

bleached shell, in form exactly resembling immature tollint. Its

colour is paler, and the surface, being considerably worn, shows

only the cross striation of tollini and not the fainter spiral sculpture.

The columellar fold is slightly broken, which gives a more open

appearance to the umbilical region than is usual in tollini, but the

underside of the shell and the peculiar shape of the peristome agree

with that species. After careful consideration, I think I may safely

declare them to be one and the same.

279. TRACHYCYSTIS TRICHOSTIROMA (Melv. & Pons.).

1892 Helix (Pella) trichosterroma, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 84. pl. 4,

fee

1893 5 strobtlodes, M.& P., A.M.N.H.xi.p.19.pl.3,f.1. Df.

» Lhasis (Trachycystis) strobilodes, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

viii. p. 147. pl. 48, . 62. DF.

a 3 trichosteiroma, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of

Conch. viii. p. 143. pl. 35, £. 3. DF’.

1898 Trachycystis trichostiroma, M. & P., Proc. Mal. Soe. iii. p. 174.

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Carre or Goop Hors. Port Elizabeth (fide M. & P.). Thar-

field (Miss Bowker).

The type of strobilodes is badly figured, but agrees with the original

description. It is quite inseparable from trzchostiroma.

Reference, List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 149

280. TRACHYCYSTIS TURMALIS (Morelet).

1889 Helix turmalis, Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p. 5. pl. 1,f,1. DL.

1893 Phasis (Trachycystis) turmalis, Morel., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

viii. p. 144. pl. 43, f. 53, 54. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. Zwartkops River, Uitenhage,

19 miles N.N.W. of Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

281. TRACHYCYSTIS VORTICIALIS (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1850 Helix vorticialis, Bs., A.M.N.H. v. p. 216. D.

Hoos.) 45 a me Pir Mon: Hela p: 108s 722:

mc r Pt ,, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl.174,f.1181. DF.

1854 ,, vorticalis ,, Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 382. pl. 141 (1852),

f, 28-30. DF. (pessima).

1887 ,, (Pella) vorticialis, Bs., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 107.

ple 20184: DLE.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carre Prninsuna. Three Anchor Bay; Rondebosch; Strand,

False Bay (fide Benson). ‘‘ Generally distributed ’’ (Layard).

? Capg oF Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (fide Sturany).

Faminy ACAVIDA, Pilsbry, 1902.

(Man. of Conch. xiv. p. iv.)

(= Macroogona, Pilsbry, 1895.)

Genus DORCASIA, Gray, 1838.

(Alexander’s Expedition, ii. p. 268.)

Type of Genus, D. alexandrt, Gray.

282. DoRCASIA ALEXANDRI, Gray. [S.A .M.]

1838 Dorcasia alexandri, Gray, Alexander’s Expedition, ii. p. 268. D.

1845 Helix (Dorcasia) alexandri, Gray, Pfr., Zeitschr.f. Malak.p.87. D.

1848 >» 9, | ~MonteHielar, ps332)

1854 _,, aenenaes, Gray, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 208, f. 1470. DF.

ils (7 ee re ,, Pfr., Novit. Conch. v. p. 34. pl. 144, f.

9-19... DER.

1887 _,, (Dorcasia) alexandri, Gray, Mouss.,J.deC. xxxv. p.292. N.

i =I » Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii.

ps 20S plese sea ae

1894 e ,, srth., Ber. Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt, p. 94. A.

150 Annals of the South African Museum.

1895 Dorcasia alexandri, Gray, Pilsb., Man. of Conch. ix. p. 172.

pl. G0) t16) 4, 1 Prontisp. f73.))4*

1905 "s 3, Pilsb., Proc, Mal. Soc. vi. p. 286. .

1910 Heliw (Dorcasia) alewanderi, Gray, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 489. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Great Namauanp. Near the Great Fish River (Alexander).

Damaranand. Ussab (fide von Martens). “ Kurikaubmund am

Swakop (Kurikop bei Otjikango) ’’ (Rintelen).

Lirrne Namauanp. Henkries (Lightfoot).

var. MINOR, Bottger.

1886 Helix (Dorcasia) alexandri, Pfr., var. minor, Bttg., Ber. Senc-

kenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, p. 22. pl. 2, f.1. DF.

1893 Dorcasia alexandri, Gray, var. minor, Bttg., Pilsb., Man. of

Conch. viii. p. 261. pl. 28, f. 98-100. D.F.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.

Hab. British Becnuanauand. “Ghous, Gordonia, bed of Hygap,

probably W. of Zwart Modder ”’ (Nolte).

Great NAMALAND. Geitsi-Gubel, near Bersaba ( Schenck).

var. ROTUNDATA, Mousson.

1887 Helix alexandri, Gray, var. rotundata, Mouss., J. de C. xxxv.

Ty ABER Gees ee Dey

1893 Dorcasia alexandri, Gray, var. rotundata, Mouss., Pilsb., Man.

of Conch. viii. p. 261. D.

1895 Dorcasia alexandri, Gray, var. rotundata, Mouss., Pilsb., Man.

of Conch ix. p. 172, pl: 38, 1. 6, 7. — NE.

Type in Zurich Museum.

Hab. Damarauand. Rehoboth (Schinz).

var. TRIVIA, Bottger.

1910 Helix (Dorcasia) alexanderi, Gray, var. trivia, Bttg., Abh. Senc-

kenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 439. pl. 28, f.3. DF.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.

Hab. Damarauand. Khomas-Hochland (Schultze).

283. Dorcasia BULBUS (Menke).

1848 Helix bulbus, Mke., Pfr., Zeitschr. f. Malak. v. p. 116. D.

1853 . . », Conch. Cab. p. 268. pl. 122 (1852),

f. 4-6. DF.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 151

1887 Helix (Dorcasia) bulbus, Pfr., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii. p. 2138.

pl. 49, f. 10-12. D.F.

Type —wbi ?

Hab. Care oF Goop Hop: (in coll. Menke).

284, DorcasIA CERNUA (von Martens).

1889 Helix cernua, von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, p.161. D.

1894 Bs Conch. Mitth. iii, 3. p.2. D.

1897 3 P Archiv. f. Naturg. lxiii, 1. p. 36. pl. 7, £. 8-

LOM ok"

1910 Helix (Dorcasia) cernua, von Mts., Bttg., Abh.Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt, xxxil. p. 439. N.D.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Great Namatanp. Angamthal (type) and Rooiberg, near

Bethany (Schenck, 1884). Guibes (Schultze).

285. Dorcasia LucaNa (Miiller). [S.A.M.]

1774 Helix lucana, Mill., Verm. ii. p. 75. D.

eG 55 a », Chem., Conch. Cab. ix, 2. p. 124. pl. 130,

f. 1155. D.F. (pessima).

1788 ,,- lucena » Gmel., Syst. Nat., Ed. 13. i, 6. p. 3636. D.

Holt ,, décana » Duillw., Deser. Cat. 11. p. 924. D.

1839, m ,, Jonas, Archiv. f. Naturg. v, 1. p. 338. pl. 9,

POS Dies

1848. - ‘6 » Pir, Mon, Hel. i.p.33l. D.

1850 5; a ., ,, Conch. Cab. p. 338. pl.60,f.1,2. DF.

,; ‘ a » Desh., Hist. Nat. Moll. i. p. 166; pl 10) B;

f.3=5, DF.

ica i eae He ».. save., Conch, Icon: pl. 41, £. 187.) er:

HS56 - on s., A. M.N El. xvii p./436.) 2INe

1887 ,, (Dorcasia) lucana, Mill., Tryon, Man. of Conch. ii.

pe 215. pl. 49; £..2. Diz.

Original in University Zool. Mus. Copenhagen.

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. George District; Bredasdorp ;

Mossel Bay (Layard). Montagu (Connolly). Avontuur (fide Pfr.).

CapE PentnsuLA. Distributed along the coast south of Kalk Bay

and Hout Bay.

Layard wrote: ‘‘ This species is found chiefly along the southern

seaboard. The brown variety with white band along the suture is

found pretty abundantly about Kalk Bay. A smaller var. with a

brownish purple mouth is found in the George District ; a small var,

152 Annals of the South African Musewnr.

(axis 6'’, diam. 8’'’) with a white mouth is not uncommon at Bredas-

dorp, while a large white form (axis 1”, diam. 1” 3’) exists at

Mossel Bay.”

Chemnitz’s figure (1786) is almost unrecognisable, while Lamarck

(1822) described globulus for lucana, and Rossmiissler (1837) figured

globulus as the last-mentioned species. Krauss (1848) included

lucana, Lam., in the synonymy of globulus, Mill., but unaccountably

omitted lucana, Miill., altogether from his catalogue.

286. DoRCASIA PONSONBYI, Fulton.

1910 Dorcasia ponsonbyi, Fulton, A.M.N.H. vi. p. 212. D.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops (fide Fulton). Mossel Bay (Gibbons),

Sus-Genus TULBAGHINIA, Melv. & Pons., 1898.

(A.M.N.H. i. p. 28.)

Type of Sub-Genus, D. isomerioides, M. & P.

287. DorcasIA ISOMERIOIDES, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1898 Dorcasia (Tulbaghinia) isomervoides, M. & P., A.M.N.H.i. p. 28.

ples. t 10. soe

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Winterhoek Mt., Tulbagh (Marloth).

Owing to its considerable divergence from the type, I append the

description of a fine specimen in the South African Museum.

Shell depressed-globose, deeply and openly umbilicate, thin, trans-

lucent, thickly covered above with rough, curved striz, which are

continued more smoothly beneath. The upper portion moderately

glossy, of dark olive-brown horn colour, beautifully marked on the

earlier whorls with pale yellow dots and blotches, merging later into

irregular, interrupted concentric streaks ; the earlier whorls similarly

marked on the underside, but the last is paler, of a greener tint,

glossy and unmottled. The interior shows plainly the colour and

markings of the epidermis. Spire but little produced, apex flattened.

Whorls 44, rapidly increasing, rounded, with no trace of carination.

Aperture ovate, peristome white and glossy, a little thickened and

reflexed. The columellar margin, half-way up between the base of

the aperture and the umbilicus, shows trace of two small pro-

tuberances on its inner side; above these it becomes more widely

reflexed, and forms a sharp angle of about 95 degrees, projecting

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 1538

over, but in no way concealing the umbilicus, before rejoining the

base of the shell.

Diam. max. 28, min. 21°5; alt. 16 mm. Apert. 16x11 mm.

Distance between angle of columellar margin and its junction with

base of shell, 2°5 mm.

Genus TRIGONEPHRUS, Pilsbry, 1905.

(Proc. Mal. Soe. vi. p. 286.)

Type of Genus, 7’. globulus (Mill.).

288. TRIGONEPHRUS COAGULUM (von Martens).

1889 Helix coagulum, von Mts., Sitz.-Ber.Ges.Nat.Fr. Berlin, p.160. D.

1894 , » Conch. Mitth. ii, 3. p.3. D.

1897 a3 » Archiv. f. Naturg. lxiii, 1. p. 37. pl. 7,

f. 11-14. D.F.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Great Namauanp. On the road from Aos to the Orange

River, and near the Lower Orange River (Schenck),

289. TRIGONEPHRUS GLOBULUS (Miller). [S.A.M.]

1774 Helix globulus, Mull., Verm. ii. p. 68. D.

iso. 5 55 ,, Chem., Conch. Cab. ix, 2. p. 126. pl. 180,

fe 59. 60. ee ee

y 5, pomatia, var., Chem., Conch. Cab. ix, 2. pl. 130, f.1138. F.

1788 ,, globulus, Miull., Gmel., Syst. Nat., Hd. 13.1, 6. p. 3629. D.

ree, » Dillw., Descr. Cat. ii. p. 923. D.

SOD. 5, eae “Miull.,” Lam., Hist. nat. An.s. Vert. vi,2.p.71. D.

63S. | * 5, a Desh., Hist. nat. An.s. Vert. viii.p.37. D.

1841 ,, Module Miull., Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 33. pl.3,f.11,12. ?D.F.

1846 f a ,, (cum var. rosacea, Miull.), Pfr., Conch.

Cab. p. xiii. DN:

1848 __,, a ,, (=lucana, Lam., and rosacea, Mill.), Krs.,

Sudafr. Moll. p. 77. N.

‘i xf 3 Pir, Mon Helaypx sion ap:

itea\0) = a ,, (cum yar. rosacea, Miull.), Bs., A.M.N.H. v.

p. 217. N.

Fe a ke », (=rosacea), Desh., Hist. nat. Moll. i.

p. 250. pl. 26, f. 10-12. pl.28,f.11,12. DF.

ico ie 5 Jrve., Conch, Icons plo 41) i 1865 per:

5 ir, Mon, Helsayspe2tone Ds

154 Annals of the South African Musewm.

1879 Helix globulus, Mill., Binn., Ann, N.Y. Acad. Sci.i.p.361. pl. 14,

ft. Kei

1880 ,, globosus ,, Crvn., P.Z.S.p.619. (Err. typ.) N.

1884 Dorcasia globulus, Mill., Binn., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 106.

plo, f Mo a.

1887 Helix (Dorcasia) globulus, Mill., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii.

Palo pleso tat. Dae

1889 ,, globulus, Mill., von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin,

p. L60n ae

1895 Dorcasia globulus, Miull., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. ix. pp. 172, 173.

ple s8i.ty oo INE pl ol, f. 3. A.

1905 Trigonephrus globulus, Mill., Pilsb., Proc. Mal. Soc. vi. p. 286.

plyi3, 46-9. pl. 14,7. 13,15. A.

1910 Hehix (Trigonephrus) globulus, Miull., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. pp. 440, 441. WN.

Original in University Zool. Mus. Copenhagen.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Horr. Widely distributed along the coast-

line from Algoa Bay, westward round the Cape Peninsula, and

thence northward as far as Port Nolloth. Robben and Dassen

Islands.

Craven collected on Robben Island a fully developed sinistral

specimen, which is now in the British Museum.

There is a very wide range of variety in this species. Krauss

brought into the synonymy H. rosacea, Mill., and many later

authorities have followed his example; in fact, until more is

known of the animals, it is not possible to decide whether all

species of Trigonephrus, hitherto described, are not merely forms

of globulus.

Much confusion existed among the early autnors with regard to

it. Chemnitz (1786) figured H. semirugata, Beck, from Ceylon as

globulus, while Lamarck (1822) described semzrugata as globulus and

globulus as lucana. H. globulus, Lam., of Deshayes’ earlier writings

is also semirugata, and his lucana, globulus, Mull., an error corrected

in Hist. nat. Moll., 1850.

290. TRIGONEPHRUS Gypsinus (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1891 Helix (Dorcasia) gypsina, M. & P., A.M.N.H. vili. p. 238. D.

1892 i ‘ - ix. p. 94. pl. 4,

ime Oe eae

1893 nS if Pilsb., Man. of Conch. viii.

p. 262. pl. 28, £2. Dee

Type in British Museum.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca, 155

Hab. ULittir Namatanp. Springbok (Lightfoot; Day). Henkries

(Lightfoot).

991. TRIGONEPHRUS NAMAQUENSIS (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1891 Helix (Dorcasia) namaquensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p. 237. D.

1892 ‘5 s i ix. p. 94. pl. 4,

Lied A eae

1893 9 ,, Pilsb., Man. of Conch.viii.

p. 262. pl. 28,f.1. DF.

1910 Heliw (Trigonephrus) namaquensis, M. & P., Bttg., Abh.

Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 440. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Lirrte Namatanp (Péringuey). Muishond; Meskiep;

Kamaggas (Schultze).

992. TRIGONEPHRUS PORPHYROSTOMA (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1891 Helix (Dorcasia) porphyrostoma, M. &P.,A.M.N.H. viii. p.238. D.

1892 i 3s ae ix. p. 94. pl. 4,

Poliee she

1893 7” ,, Pilsb.,Man.ofConch. viii.

p. 262. pl. 28,f.3. DP.

1910 Helix (Trigonephrus) rosacea, Miill., var. porphyrostoma, M. & P.,

Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxil. p. 44].

pl 23,2. 6, 7. NF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Lirrne Namananp (Miss Morris). Port Nolloth (Day).

Great NamMaLanp. Lower Orange River ; Gous (Schenck). Angra

Pequena (Schneider).

This coarse form of Trigonephrus is that most frequently found

subfossil in old middens. Béttger is probably right in considering it

to be a variety of rosacews, but as the latter is so nearly allied to

globulus, it appears advisable to await fuller knowledge of the animal

before bringing either into synonymy.

993. TRIGONEPHRUS ROSACEUS (Miller). [S.A.M.]

1774 Helix rosacea, Miill., Verm. ii. p. 76. D.

1788 _ » Gmel., Syst. Nat., Hd. 13.1, 6. p. 3636. D.

1817 - » Dillw., Deser. Cat. p. 921. D.

1838 . , Desh., Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. viii. p. 94. N.

1839 5 , Jonas, Archiv. f. Naturg.v, 1. p. 339.

pl. 9, £3; 4. Dae

156 Annals of the South African Museum.

1841 Helix rosacca, Mill., Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 40. pl. 4, f. 5, 6. pl. 55

(1849) is) Da

1859 Fe » Pir, Mons Helv p. 248, dD.

1887 Helix (Dorcasia) rosacea, Mill., Tryon, Man. of Conch. iii.

p. 213, pl. 495 ft 00m 2Oer.

1910 ,, (Lrigonephrus) rosacea, Mill., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 440. pl. 28,f.4. DF.

Specimen ex coll. Miller in University Zool. Mus. Copenhagen.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Widely distributed along the western

seaboard from the south as far as Namaland, often in company with,

and apparently merging into, 7’. globulus, Miull., of which it is

probably a variety.

Faminy HELICIDA, Gray, 1824.

(Ann. of Philos. viii. p. 107.)

Genus EULOTA, Hartmann, 1842.

(Erd-u. Sussw.-Gast. Schweiz, p. 179.)

Type of Genus, #. frutecwm (Mill.).

994. EuLora sImIuArRis (Férussac).

1821 Helix similaris, Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3. p. 47 (or 43). LZ.

Pa » addita, Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3. p. 71 (or 67).

1834 ,, woodiana, Lea, Obs. G. Unio, i. p. 169. pl. 19, f.69. DF.

1835 ,, translucens, King, Zool. Journ. v. p. 339. D.

1836 ,, cestus, Bs., Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, v. p. 353. D.

1848 __,, 7 5, A.M.N-Heaisppsl60) 161. DIN.

» stmilaris, Fér., Pir., Mon. Hel. i. p. 536. JD.

1849 _,, ms » (=squalida, Zeglr.), Mouss., Moll. von

Javaspaalepls 2 f 4)... Ook:

TS5Ol ses; - » Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 341. pl. 60 (1849),

f 13=16i eae

* 4 5 » Desh., Hist. nat. Moll. i. p. 171. pl. 25s,

f, 1-4. pl. 274, f. 1-5. DF.

185L 3; 5 » Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 34, f. 149. DF,

and pl. 127 (1852), f. 767. FF.

» orardiana, Pir., P.Z.S. p. 253. D.

1S O20ee “4 », Bve., Conch. Icon. pl. 108, f. 604. DF.

- ,, cestus, Bs., Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 125, f. 751. DF’.

1853 ~=~,4, ~—«brardiana, Pfr., Mon. Hel. iii. p. 228. D.

1854 _—C, a », Conch.Cab.p.385.pl.142(1852),f.7,8. DF.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 157

1854 Helix brardiana, Pir., A.M.N.H. xiii. p. 142. D.

- 3 stumpson ,, P.Z.S.,p. 149. D:

2 , ts ,, ve., Conch. Icon. pl. 195, f.1370. DF.

D859"; 35 , Mon. Helvivsp: 289)" 2p:

1860 ,, similaris, Fér. (=addita, Fér., and brardiana, Pir.),

Morel., Séries Conch. ii. p. 58. WN.

1861 ,, genulabris, von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vii. p. 33. D.

1863 ,, borbonica, Desh., Notes sur I’Ile Réunion, ii. E. p. 85.

pl: 37, t. 9-11, Du.

,, arcasiana, Crosse & Debeaux, J. de C. xi. p. 386. D.

1864. ,, 7 * x Ki} p: Sl6> plt2:

£4. Di:

1867 ,, similaris, Fér., von Mts., Ost-Asien, Zool. ii. pp. 7, 19,

43, 76, 2702 DEN:

TS6S> 5 rr , Cox, Mon. Austral. Landshells, p. 58.

pl. 9) i 145 Dee

,, borbonica, Desh., Pfr., Mon. Hel. v. p. 504. D.

1874 ,, (Rhagada) similaris, Fér., Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 70. D.

1875 ,, similaris, Fér., Morel., Séries Conch. iv. p. 251. N.

1887 ,, (Dorcasia) similaris, Fér. (=epixantha, Pfr., Conch. Icon.

f. 454, and squalida, Zglr.), Tryon, Man. of Conch.

iii. p. 205. pl. 46, f. 27-30. pl. 47, f. 338-37. DF.

1895 Hulota similaris, Fér., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. ix. p. 203. pl. 55,

£19. N.F. pl. 65, 1.3, 4. pl. 66,1208 Ae

1905 Helix (EHulota) similaris, Fér., Dautz. & Fischer, J. de C. liii.

p. 95. N. and Synonymy.

Type—wbi ?

Hab. Narau. Durban (Plant; Quekett).

A species of almost world-wide distribution.

Genus COCHLICELLA, Férussac, 1821.

(Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3. pp. 28 (or 24), 56 (or 52).)

Type of Genus, H. conozdea (Drap.).

295. CocHuiceLLA acuta (Miiller). (S.A.M.]

1774 Helix acuta, Miill., Verm. ii. p. 100. D.

1801 Bulimus ventricosus, Drap. (=H. acuta, Mill.), Drap., Tabl.

Moll. Fr. p. 68. D.

1805 ; ,, Hist. Moll. Fr.p.78.pl.4,f.31,32. DF.

1821 Helix (Cochlicella) ventrosa, Fér. (=ventricosus, Drap., and

acuta, Mill.), Fér.,Tabl. Syst. Moll.pt.3,pp.56 (or52),74 (or70). N.

158 Amnals of the South African Musewn.

1822 Bulimus ventricosus, Drap., Lam., Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. vi, 2.

Dp: 2b. D:

1826 Cochlicella ventrosa, Fér., Risso, Hist. nat. Bur, mérid. iv. Dither le

1838 Bulimus ventricosus, Drap., Desh., Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. viii.

Dp. 2302 0:

1841 or re 1 Kiist., Conch. Cab. p. 30. pl. 12,

O12. DF.

1848 o ventrosus, Fér., Pfr., Mon. Hel. ii. p. 215. D.

1849 AF 5 » (=variabilis, Hartm.), Rve., Conch.

Icon. pl. 69, f. 499. DF.

1855 Helix (Cochlicella) bulimoides, Moq.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr.

ii. p. 277. pl. 20, f. 21-26. D.F.A.

1864 ,, barbara, Bgt., Mal. Algérie, i. p. 286. pl. 32, f. 36-41. DF.

1874 ,, (Cochlicella) ventricosa, Drap., Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr.

Dp. 96. 2D.

1883 ,, acuta, Mill. (=B. ventricosus, Drap.), Fagot, Glanages

Malae. i. p. 29. DIN.

1889) ,, "3 » Westerl., Fauna Paliarct. Reg. 1, 1.p.366. D.

1894 ,, ventricosa, Drap., Coutagne, Mém. Soc. Agr. Sci. et Ind.

Lyon, ii. p. 454. N.

1895 Bulimus ventricosus, Drap., Locard, Ipsa Draparnaudi

Conchylia, p. 100. N.

1908 Helix (Cochlicella) acuta, Mull., Germain, Voy. Zool. Khrou-

mirie, p. 233. N.

Originals of ventricosa in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna ; acuta—wbi ?

Hab. Care Peninsuta. St. James (Connolly).

A South European species, probably of recent introduction. Also

recorded from North Africa, Cape Verde Islands, and West Indies.

Genus PUPISOMA, Stoliczka, 1873.

(Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, xiii, 2. p. 32.)

Type of Genus, P. lignicola, Stol.

296. PupIsOMA JAPONICUM, Pilsbry. [S.A.M.]

1902 Pupisoma japonicum, Pilsb., Nautilus, xvi. p. 21. D.

1909 ‘5 », Hirase, Conch. Mag. iii, 4. pl. 9,

fiz) 00. EF.

1912 , Bnp., Proc. Mal. Soc. x, p. 46." -N:

Type in fendoniy of Natural Science, Philadelphia.

Hab. Narau. Pietermaritzburg; Ntimbankulu; Edendale;

Karkloof; Game Pass (Burnup).

Described from Japan.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 159

The subjoined figure shows Trach. microscopica (Krs.), which

may very possibly belong to the present Genus, in the centre, with

the larger orcwla on the left and japonicum on the right. (x 42.)

& ie

297. PupisoMA oRCULA (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1850 Helix orcula, Bs., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 251. D.

1853 ‘5 ,», Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 357. pl. 186 (1852), f. 18=

20. D.F.

» » Mon. Belem e422, 2.

1855 Naning orcula, Bs., Gray, Cat. Pulm. p. 75. D.

1886 Pupisoma orcula, Bee Tryon, Man. of Conch. ii. p. 177. pl. 53,

rial oy fore nel Bch

1909 ,, Hirase, Conch. Mag. iii, 4. pl. 9,f.30, 31. F.

1912 ” ,, Bup., Proc. Mal) Soe. x. p: 40. NN.

Co-types in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops. Port Elizabeth (Crawford). Grahams-

town (Farquhar).

Natau. Pietermaritzburg; Ntimbankulu; Dargle; Edendale;

Game Pass (Burnup). Richmond (Wakefield; Cooper). Karkloof

(Taynton).

TRANSVAAL. Pretoria (Connolly).

Ruovesia. Victoria Falls (Warren).

Originally described from India.

Genus VALLONIA, Risso, 1826.

(Hist. nat. Eur. mérid. iv. p. 101.)

Type of Genus, V. rosalia, Risso (pulchella, Miull.).

298. VALLONIA EXCENTRICA, Sterki. [S.A.M.]

1850 Helix pulchella, Mill., Bs., A.M.N.H. v. p. 217. L.

ee Vallonia minuta, Say, Morse, Journ. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist.

i, Lop. 21 (pars):

1893 - excentrica, Sterki, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. pp. 252,

27S. PG, 1. ba DAS

ee - A, ,, Pilsb., Man. of Conch. viii. p. 249.

pl. 32, f. 6-9. DBF.

1904 i ri . B. B. Woodw., Journ. of Conch. xi.

jen 2D,

160 Annals of the South African Musewn.

Type in coll. Sterki.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. High Constantia (Benson, 1846).

Cape Town (Layard). Wynberg (Lightfoot), Somerset East (Miss

Bowker). King Williamstown (Miss Ross). Grahamstown (Farqu-

har). Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

Nata, Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

TRANSVAAL. Pretoria (McBean).

Very widely distributed over most parts of the globe.

Mr. B. B. Woodward has identified specimens from Wynberg,

Pretoria, Grahamstown, Port Elizabeth, and Pietermaritzburg as

excentrica, and it is probable that the other occurrences of Vallonia

in South Africa refer to the same species. Of course, many early

reports of pulchella, such as Benson’s in 1850, were made long

before excentrica was differentiated.

Genus HELIX, Linné, 1758.

(Syst. Nat., Ed. 10. i. pp. 645, 768.)

Type of Genus, H. pomatia, Lin.

Sus-Genus CRYPTOMPHALUS, Agassiz, 1837.

(Nouv. Mém. Soc. Helv. Sci. Nat. i, 2. p. 5.)

Type of Sub-Genus, H. aspersa, Mill.

299. Hexix aspersa, Miiller. [S.A.M.]

1774 Helix aspersa, Mill., Verm. ii. p. 59. D.

1777 ~—«,,_~—s hortensis, Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. p. 136. pl. 84,f.129. D.F.

1778 Cochlea vulgaris, Da Costa, Test. Brit. p. 72. pl. 4,f.1. DF.

1786 Helix aspersa, Mill., Chem., Conch. Cab. ix, 2. p. 125. pl. 130,

f. 1156-58. D.F.

ifffstey | os » Gmel., Syst. Nat., Ed. 13. i, 6. p. 3631. D.

. » grisea, Gmel., Syst. Nat., Hd. 13. i, 6, p. 3649. D.

1797 ~—,,_~—srestatutoris, Humph., Mus. Calonn. p. 60. D.

1803 ,, aspersa, Gmel., Mont., Test. Brit. ii. p. 407. D.

1805 __—sé=,,, » Miull., Drap., Hist. Moll. Fr. p. 89. pl. 5,f. 23. DF.

1807 ,, hortensis, Penn., Mat. & Rack., Linn. Trans. viii. p.208. D.

1815 ,, aspersa, Brard, Hist. Coq. Paris, p. 7. pl.1,f.1. DF.

1826 ___,, » in., Risso, Hist. nat. Kur. mérid. iv. p. 63. D.

L828) 5, -, Lam., Stark, Elem. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 58. D.

1837 ,, (Pomatia) adspersa, Beck, Index Moll. p. 44.

1840 ,, (Acavus) aspersa, Mill., Gray, Turton’s Man. p. 128. pl. 4,

E303, OEE?

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 161

1841 Helix aspersa, Mill., Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 34. pl. 3, f. 6-10. D.F.

1846 se, = 3 a be pix “DD:

1848 ,, a se » MonwvHelhit pp; 240 2D:

1850! ~ ;, i », Desh., Hist. Nat. Moll. i. p. 269. pl. 18,

f. 1-13) pl 19; £., 1-9. pl. 21s; i Gate

pl. 24, f. 3. pl. 244, f£.1-7. DF.

1855 _—Ci,, - »» Mogq.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr. ii. p. 174.

pl. 13, f. 14-32. DFA.

1861 ,, spwmosa, Lowe, A.M.N.H. vii. p. 111. D.

1879 ,, aspersa, Mill., Layard, The Field, Jan. llth. N.

1883 _,, (Pomatia) aspersa, Mill., Tayl., Journ. of Conch. iv. p. 89.

ENA.

1898 Pomatia aspersa, Mill., Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 52. WN.

1903 Helix (Helicogena) aspersa, Mill., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 96.

pl. 319, f. 14-20. pl. 320, f. 1-12. DF.

1910 ,, (Cryptomphalus) aspersa, Mill., Tayl., Mon. Brit. Moll.

p. 236. pl. 23 (1911). D.F.A.B.

r. » (Helrcogena) aspersa, Miill., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 456. N.

Specimen ex coll. Miller in University Zool. Mus. Copenhagen.

Hab. Carre or Goop Hors. Port Elizabeth (in coll. Ponsonby).

Cape PreninsubA. Very common. Robben Island (in coll. Pon-

sonby).

Several sinistral specimens have been found at Cape Town

(Lightfoot).

This species, said to have been introduced into Cape Town by

Mons. Dastre, as a table delicacy, about 1870, has now become one

of the greatest pests in gardens throughout the Cape Peninsula. It

appears also to thrive on the peculiar local type of wild herbage,

and thus threatens to oust many of the rarer, indigenous species

from their last foothold, by eating them out of house and home.

Sus-Genus OTALA, Schumacher, 1817.

(Essai d’un Nouveau Systéme des . . . Vers. p. 191.)

(=Archeliz, Albers, 1850.)

Type of Sub-Genus, H. atomaria, Schum. (lactea, Mill.)

300. Hrnrx tactea, Miller.

1774 Helix lactea, Mull., Verm. ii. p. 19. D.

1786 - » Chem., Conch. Cab. ix, 2. p. 127. pl. 130;

i; EUG SD ene

162 Annals of the South African Musewm.

1822 Helix lactea, Miull., Lam., Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. vi, 2. p. 75. D.

1848 a8 3 Pir; Mon Helis pr2aT2.. D:

1850 3 » Desh., Hist. Nat. Moll. i. p. 291. pl. 39a,

£275 8. pli4o; tte 10. «DF.

1864 53 » Bgt., Mal. Algérie,i.p. 122. pl.11,f£.1-9. DF.

1888 ” » Lryon, Man: of Conch. iv. p. 130. pl. 39,

‘ {. 89-97. D.F.

Type—wbi ?

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. Kowie (Barber, in coll. Layard).

A well-known Mediterranean species, whose sole claim to inclu-

sion in South African lists rests on a fine adult specimen, which was

taken alive, together with a smaller, empty shell, in a garden on the

bank of the Kowie River in 1897.

Tryon (1888) places in the synonymy 7rrorata, Say ; punctatissima,

Jeniss; flattersiana, Ancey; tagina, Servain; aaa, Bet.; jacque-

menbana, Bgt.; and ? hispanica, Mich.

Sus-Genus EUPARYPHA, Hartmann, 1842.

(Erd-und-Sussw.-Gast. Schweiz, p. 204.)

Type of Sub-Genus, H. rhodostoma, Drap. (pisana, Mill.).

301. Henix prisana, Miller. [S.A.M.]

1774 Helix pisana, Miill., Verm. ii. p. 60. D.

1777 ~—s,,_~—s zonaria, Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. p. 137. pl. 85, f. 183. DF.

1792 ,, petholata, Olivier, Zool. Adriat. p. 178. D.

1801 ,, rhodostoma, Drap., Tabl. Moll. Fr. p. 74. D.

1803 ,, cimgenda, Mont., Test. Brit. ii. p. 418, & Suppl. (1808),

pl, 24, 1.4. “Due.

1805 ,, rhodostoma, Drap., Hist. Moll. Fr. p.86. pl. 5, f.13-15. D.F.

1807 ,, cingenda, Penn., Turton, Brit. Fauna, p. 188. D.

LSAT 5 e Mont., Brown, Illustr. Conch. Gt. Brit. pl. 40,

f. 27, 28, 33, 35, 58. FF,

1840 ,, ptsana, Mill., Gray, Turton’s Man. p. 158. D.

1848. 5; 5 1 Pir Monmbleipo2. 2:

” ” ” ” ” Conch, Cab. p: NGI pl. Sl. tip TTA}.

pl. 22 (1843), f. 1-6. D.F.

IRSISy Ay i », Mogq.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr. ii. p. 259.

pl. 19, f. 9-20. D.F.A.

1864 ,, FA » Bgt., Mal. Algérie,i.p.234.p1.26,f£.1-10. D.F.

1874 ,, (Huparypha) pisana, Mill., Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr.

Paco. DUN.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 163

1895 Helix (Euparypha) pisana, Mill., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. ix.

p. 335. pl. 43, £. 37, 38. pl. 61) tf 1-6. DA:

1902 Xerophila pisana, Miill., Swanton, Journ. of Conch. x. p. 194. N.

1910 Helix (Euparypha) pisana, Miil., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 456. N.

1M a2 : » Mill, Tayl., Mon. Brit. Moll. p. 368.

pl.30,f.1-21.p1.31,f.1-21.D.F.A.R.

Specimen ex coll. Miller in University Zool. Mus. Copenhagen.

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. Cape Peninsula (very common).

‘Stellenbosch (Miss Lightfoot). Somerset West; Gordon’s Bay

(Connolly). Port Elizabeth (Crawford). Robben Island (in coll.

Ponsonby).

Natan. Durban (Longstaff).

The earliest recorded appearance of H. pisana in South Africa was

in 1881, when Mr. W. G. Fairbridge took three specimens on the

now demolished Gallows Hill, near Cape Town Docks. Since that

date it has spread enormously along the seaboard of the Peninsula,

and its arrival at Stellenbosch appears to denote that it is extending

its travels inland.

Taylor (1911) includes in its synonymy strigata, Dillw., 1817,

maculata, Mke., 1828; catocyphia, Bgt., 1860; pisanopsis and hyper-

plate, Bgt., 1880; agaroi, carpiensis, djerbanica, gergisensis, hama-

danica, salemensis, monroi, zitanensis, Letourneux and Bgt., 1887 ;

chambardi, Let., 1887; couturieri, cuttati, lenoleuca, subpisana, and

thinophila, Bgt., 1887 ; donatii and levesquez, Berthier, 1887 ; byrse

and radesiana, Marés, 1887 ; dermot, pisanclla, and olivares?, Servain,

1887 ; barbozana, bocagei, and machadoi, Locard, 1899 ; while imma-

ture examples appear to have been named estivalis, Bgt.; cine,

Klett; and lewcostoma, Risso.

Faminy ENIDA, B. B. Woodward, 1903.

(Journ. of Conch. x. pp. 354, 358.)

(=Buliminide, Auctt.)

Genus ENA, Leach (Mss. 1820), 1831.

(Turton’s Manual, 1831, p. 80, and 1840, p. 181.)

(= Bulimina, Ehrenberg, 1831 (Buliminus, Auctt.), nec d’Orbigny,

in Foraminifera, 1826.)

Type of Genus, H. montana (Drap.).

The South African Enid@ can be divided, on form alone, into

certain well-marked groups, in the following manner :-—

164 Annals of the South African Musewm.

(i) Pachnodus, Albers, 1860 (Die Helic. p. 230, Type, in error,

velutina, Pfr.; emend., Bgt., 1889, Moll. de l’Afr. équat. p. 64, Type

spadicea, Mke.).

Bourguignat’s rejection of velutina as type of Pachnodus seems

perfectly sound. If spadicea is not acceptable, a new name is

necessary for the group, which comprises—

arenicola, Bs.; carinifera, M. & P.; drakensbergensis, Smith ;

mcbeamana, Bunp.; natalensis, Krs. and spadicea, Mke.

(=vitellina, Pfr.).

(ii) Conulinus, von Martens, 1895 (Nachr. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges.

p. 180, Type, conulus, Rve.).

conulus, Rve.; metuloides, Smith; transvaalensis, M. & P.,

and probably burnwpi, dimera, and maritzburgensis, M. & P.,

and meridionalis, Pfr.

(iii) Xerocerastus, Kob. & Mlldff., 1902 (Conch. Cab. p. 1021,

Type, damarensis, Ad.).

(=Hburnea, Mousson, 1887 (J. de C. p. 295), nec Hburna, Lam.,

1801, nec Hburnea, Flem., 1828).

burchelli, Gray ; damarensis, Ad.; hottentota, Gray (= pygmea,

Ad.); layardi, M. & P.; opposita, Mouss.; psammophila,

schultzet, and subteres, Bttg., and zuluensis, M. & P.

(iv) Rhachisellus, Bourguignat, 1889 (Moll. de 1 Afr. équat. p. 68,

as Rachisellus. Type punctata, Anton.)

Thiele (Deutsch. Zent.-afr.-Exp., 1911, p. 201) shows that punctata

is not acceptable as type of Rhachis, Albers, but is rightly placed in

Rhachisellus. Although possibly not belonging to the same Sub-

genus, the following shells fall, roughly, into the same group :—

dubiosa, Stur.; melanacme, mozambicensis, and petersi, Pfr. ;

punctata, Ant. (=jeyuna, M. & P.); spiiogramma and sticta,

von Mts.

Thiele (/.c.) has, on account of radular peculiarities, proposed to

include melanacme and mozambicensis in a new Sub-genus Khachi-

dina, the type of which is the West African twmefacta (Rve.).

(v) Ena penthers (Stur.).

(vi) Group of H. bowkeri (Sow.).

bowkert, Sow., and nuptialis, M. & P.

(vii) Ena boivini (Morel.) (= movenensis, Stur.).

In the following pages the species are arranged in alphabetical

order.

Note.—LHulimoides, Gray, and namibicus, Bttg., were described

as Hnide, but apparently belong to Zootecus, Westerl., a Genus of

Stenogyrmne.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 165

302. Ena (PACHNoDUS) ARENICOLA:(Benson). ([S.A.M].

1856 Bulimus arenicola, Bs., A.M.N.H. xviii. p. 433. D.

1859 - », Pfr., Mon. Hel. iv. p. 481. D.

1901 Buliminus (Pachnodes) arenicola, Bs., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 757.

pleat f.5,6. DF,

Specimen ex auct. in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Caffraria, near Waterloo Bay ; near

Mossel Bay (Layard).

Narat. Durban; Pietermaritzburg; Lower Umkomaas; Port

Shepstone ; Tongaat (Burnup).

ZuuuLanD. Dukuduku (Toppin),

303. Ena Borvint (Morelet).

1860 Glandina boivini, Morel., Séries Conch. ii. p. 72. pl. 5, f.5. DP.

1887 Bulimus i , Grandidier, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr. iv.

p: LSie Ne

1890 55 (Cerastus) mamboiensis, Smith, A.M.N.H. vi. p. 153.

Plots. DE

1897 Buliminus boivini, Morel., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 61. N.

1898 3 movenensis, Stur., S.A. Moll. p.66. pl.2,f.44-51. DF’.

1899 * boivint, Morel. (=mamboiensis), Smith, eas

p. oor. NV.

1900 - (Cerastus) boivini, Morel., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 635.

Se We mig Owe eID MIE

as a (Pachnodes) movenensis, Stur., Kob., Conch. Cab.

p. 632. pl. 96, f. 19-21. D.F.

Type of boivini in British Museum ; movenensis in Naturh. Hofmus.

Vienna.

Hab. Eastern Zututanp. Elscheleselwanhla (Toppin).

Lorenzo Marques. Delagoa Bay (Connolly). Movene (move-

mensis, Penther).

Also from several localities in East Africa, the type of bowvene

coming from Mombasa.

There seems no reason for separating movenensis, Stur., from the

present species. Until connecting links are known, #. ptychaxis,

Smith (A.M.N.H. vi. 1890, p. 147), which von Martens has placed in

the synonymy, appears separable by its more elongate shell and very

distinct columellar fold, which is only just traceable in bovine.

304. ENA BOWKERI (Sowerby). [S.A.M.]

1889 Buliminus (Mesembrinus ?) bowkeri, Sow., P.Z.S. p. 581. pl. 56,

for DLE

166 Annals of the South African Musewm.

1900 Buliminus (Pachnodes) bowkeri, Sow., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 657.

pO. 2h, Vee

Originals in British Museum, type not specified.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Horr. Glen Avon Falls, Somerset Hast

(Miss Bowker).

305. ENA (XEROCERASTUS) BURCHELLI (Gray). [S.A.M.]

1834 Bulimus burchellw, Gray, P.Z.S. p. 66. D.

1848 es A bir, lon. Eel, Wp. 162.. 2D.

1849 4° x », Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 76, f.548. DF.

1902 he (Xerocerastus ?) burchellu, Gray, Kob., Conch. Cab.

pagers 2D:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. British BecHuaNnaLAND. Near Lattakoo (Takun), (fide

Gray). Kuruman (Moffatt).

BrcHUANALAND. Kalahari (Penderill-Longlands).

Care oF Goop Horr. Prieska (Gibbons). Douglas (Miss Orpen).

GRIQUALAND West. Blaauwbosch Poort, Hay District (Day).

Griquatown (Barrett Hamilton). Griquatown (Gibbons). Riverton

(Miss Wilman).

The loc. “ Natal,’ given by Sturany is improbable.

306. Ena (ConvuLINus) BURNUPI (Mely. & Pons.).

1903 Buliminus (Pachnodus) burnupt, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 605.

pl.3l, fraser

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Guuutanp. Lower Umfolosi Drift (Burnup). Makowe

(Crosly).

307. Ena (PACHNODUS) CARINIFERA (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1897 Buliminus (Pachnodus) carinifer, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 637.

ie WRyetse | JD Na

1901 ss (Pachnodes) carinifer, M. & P., Kob., Conch. Cab.

p62. plea DLE

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Gordon Falls; Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

CargE oF Goop Horr. Knysna (Purcell). Grahamstown; Bed-

ford; Port Elizabeth (Farquhar). Pirie (Miss Ross).

Although perfectly distinct, this species is at times very closely

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 167

approached by EL. natalensis (Krs.), and it may possibly happen that

localities given for it really refer to the latter.

In carinifera the keel, especially in mature shells, is always more

pronounced, and the whorls, convex below the suture, become concave

both immediately above and beneath the keel.

A pretty milk-white variety is found at Gordon Falls.

308. Ena (ConuLinus) conuuus (Reeve).

1849 Bulimus conulus, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 78, f. 577. DF.

1853 . » Pir., Mon, Helin. p, 440. Dd:

1902 Buliminus (Conulinus) conulus, Rve., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 952.

plas3,f.8. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. ‘ Port Natal’’ (Mus. Cuming).

Lorenzo Marques. Rikatla (Junod).

ZULULAND. Entendweni (var. ; Toppin).

309. ENA (XEROCERASTUS) DAMARENSIS, H. Adams.

1870 Bulimus damarensis, H. Ad., P.Z.S. p. 9. pl. 1, £17. DF.

i s dammarensis, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. xvii. p. 93. D.

a eg, 4; 55 Novit. Conch. iv. p. 3. pl. 109, f. 7, 8.

Dit

1877 x damarensis, Pfr., Mon. Hel. viii. p. 177. D.

1887 Buliminus (Eburnea) damarensis, H. Ad., Mouss., J. de C. xxxv.

p. 295. N.

1889 3 damarensis, H. Ad., von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat.

Fr, Berlin, p. 162. N.

1900 ie (Zootecus) damarensis, H. Ad., Kob., Conch. Cab.

p. 662: pl. 101, £17, 1S.) Dee

1910 Ena (Eburnea) damarensis, H. Ad., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 443. WN.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. DaAmaratand (coll. Adams). Ussab (fide von Martens) and

Ubeb, on the Khan River, N. of Tsoachaul (Schenck). Omaruru

(Schinz). “ Kurikaubmund am Swakop (Kurikop bei Otjikango) ”

(Rintelen).

OvAMPOLAND. Ovambonde (Chapman, fide Layard). Grootfon-

tein, near Upingtonia, and Epitonna, 8.E. of Ondonga (Schinz).

This species was described by H. Adams in January, 1870, and

by Pfeiffer in July of the same year ; hence the English author has

priority.

168 Annals of the South African Museum.

var. MINOR, Pfeiffer.

1870 Bulimus dammarensis, var. nvinor, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. xvii. p. 94. D.

peeNovt: Conch. ive ps4

pleO9 St 546 ea eEe

1887 Buliminus (Hburnea) damarensis, H. Ad., var. exspectata,

Mouss., J. de C. xxxv. p. 295. pl. 12, f.4. NF.

1904 3 damarensis, (?) var. exspectatus, Mouss., von Mts.,

Die Kalahari, p. 754. N.

1910 Ena (Eburnea) damarensis, H. Ad., var. minor, Pfr. (=vavr.

exspectata, Mouss.), Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 443.

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. Damaratannd (fide Pfeiffer) Ubeb on the Khan River

(Schenck). Omaruru (Schinz).

OvaMpoLAND. Upingtonia (Schinz).

BECHUANALAND, Menoakwena (about 24° E. long. and 20°S. lat.),

in marly sandstone (Passarge).

” 9 ”

var. SUBRADIATA, Bottger.

1910 Ena (Hburnea) damarensis, H. Ad., var. subradiata, Bttg., Abh.

Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 443. D.

Type in Senckenberg Mus. Frankfurt.

Hab. Damarauand. “ Kurikaubmund am Swakop (Kurikop bei

Otjikango) ’’ (Rintelen).

310. Ena (Conuninus) DimERA (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1901 Buliminus (Rhachis) dimerus, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p. 320.

plo 2h 3s eae

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narvau. Karkloof Bush (McBean).

Care oF Goop Horr. King Williamstown (Godfrey).

311. Ena (PAcHNODUS) DRAKENSBERGENSIS (Smith).

1877 Bulimus (Pachnodus) drakensbergensis, Smith, A.M.N.H. xx.

p. 538. D.

1879 Buliminus natalensis, Krs., var. draakensburgensis, Smith, Binn.,

Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. i. p. 362. pl. 14, f.J. &.

1901 ~ (Pachnodes) drakensbergensis, Smith, Kob., Conch.

Cab: ps 75S. iin, 0s) D2,

Type in British Museum.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 169

Hab. Transvaau. East slope of Drakensberg, near Lydenburg

Goldfields (ex coll. Sowerby). Pilgrim’s Rest (Craven).

312. Ena (? RHACHISELLUS) DUBIOSA (Sturany).

1898 Buliminus (Rhachis) dubiosus, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 64. pl. 2, £. 45,

46. DF.

1900 i », Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 632.

pl 96,2, 17,18. Dee:

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Matolla (Penther).

313. ENA (XEROCERASTUS) HOTTENTOTA (Gray).

1838 Bulimus hottentota, Gray, Alexander’s Expedition, ii. p. 269. D.

1870 Bulimulus pygmeus, H. Adams, P.Z.S. p. 9. pl. 1, f.18. D.F.

1877 - 5 Pfr., Mon. Hel. viii. p. 123. D.

1910 Ena (Eburnea) pygmea, H. Adams, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 442. WN.

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Great NamauAnp. Near Great Fish River (Alexander).

DamaRALAND (in coll. H. Adams). Flats by the Khan River, N.

of Tsoachaul (Schenck). Ussab (fide von Mts.). 140 kilos from

Swakopmund (Rintelen).

OVAMPOLAND. Ovambonde (Chapman, fide Layard).

314. ENA (XEROCERASTUS) LAYARDI (Melv. & Pons.).

1892 Buliminus layardt, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 90. pl. 5, f. 11. D.F.

1901 - Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 793. pl. 117,

f:.3., 0 DEE:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Brcuuanatanpd. Kobis, probably just 8. of Lake Ngami

(in coll. Layard).

315. Ena (PacHNoDUS) MCBEANIANA, Burnup. ([S8.A.M.]

1905 Ena (Pachnodus) mcbeaniana, Bnp., Proc. Mal. Soe. vi. p. 302.

ple lO lage ie

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Pretoria District (McBean). Pietpotgieters-

rust (Connolly).

Bulimus spadiceus, var., quoted by Krauss (Siidafr. Moll., 1848,

p. 79) from Mt. Mohapaani, is possibly referable to this species.

170 Annals of the South African Musewm.

316. ENA (CoONULINUS) MARITZBURGENSIS (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1893 Buliminus (Pachnodus) maritzburgensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii.

Pp: 1052p. Bits 0, DoE,

1901 Buliminus (Pachnodes) maritzburgensis, M. & P., Kob., Conch.

Cab: p: 160. pl, 101 ft. 16; iy Derr.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Thornybush, and other localities near Pieter-

maritzburg (Burnup).

317. ENA (RHACHIDINA) MELANACME (Pfeiffer).

1855 Bulimus melanacme, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 96. pl. 31, £8. DF.

1859 7 ms », Mon. Hel. iv. p. 486. JD.

(Rhachis) melanacme, Pfr., von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi.

peel. ple2,7. 8. NE.

1860 Buliminus (Rhachis) nelanaeme, Pfr., von Mts., Die Helic.

p. 231. (Hrr. Typ.)

1869 ‘ " melanacme, Pfr., von Mts., Nachrichtsbl.

d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges. p. 152. WN.

1889 Pachnodus sesamorum, Ancey in Mss., Bgt., Moll. de lAfr.

équat. p. 66. pl. 3, f. 2, 3. Du

1897 Buliminus (Rhachis) melanacme,Pfr.,von Mts.,D.-O.-Afr.p.75. N.

1900 ea », Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 623.

pl. 99,.f. 8. 2Don¢

” ”

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Mozampique. ‘Tette (Peters).

Also found in East Africa. Pfeiffer’s loc. Tette is of doubtful

authenticity. von Martens (1897) remarks: Pfeiffer gives Tette, on

the Zambesi, as the finding-place of the specimens found by Peters ;

but on Peters’ labels in the Berlin Museum only Querimba, not

Tette, is written, while for B. punctatus both localities are vouched

for in his handwriting.”

Melvill and Standen (1907) quote this species from Petauke,

Northern Rhodesia.

318. ENA (CONULINUS) MERIDIONALIS (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

1847 Bulomus meridionalis, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 231.. D.

1848 i ,, Mon. Hel. ii. p. 108. D.

" +“ », Rve.,Conch. Icon. pl. 56,f.370. DF.

1898 Bulaminus (Rhachis) meridionalis, Pfr., Stur.,S.A.Moll.p.64. N.

1901 2 (Conulinus) meridionalis, Pfr., Kob., Conch. Cab.

p. 709. pl llipiod4, lo. DF.

Lteference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 171

Type in British Museum.

Hab. ‘Sours Arrica”’ (in coll. Cuming, fide Pfeiffer).

Care oF Goop Hors. Port Elizabeth (Crawford; Farquhar).

? Lorenzo Marques. Matolla (Penther, fide Sturany).

319. Ena (Conuninus) metTuLorwEs, Smith. [S.A.M.]

1899 Buliminus (Conulinus) metuloides, Smith, P.Z.8. p. 587. pl. 33,

f43. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Ruopesta. Victoria Falls (Becker).

Described from Zomba, Nyassaland.

The Rhodesian specimens are a little stouter than the type, but

do not appear separable.

320. ENA (RHACHIDINA) MOZAMBICENSIS (Pfeiffer).

1846 Bulimus mozambicensis, Pfr., Symb. iii. p. 85. D.

1848 ie - 3» ~>Mon Helo. peli ae:

1849 - a ,, Rve.,Conch.Icon.pl.58,f.328. Df’.

1859 = mozambicensts, Pfr., Mon. Hel. iv. p. 473. D.

1869 5 (Lhachis) mozambicensis, Pfr.,von Mts.,Nachrichtsbl. d.

Deutsch mal. Ges. i. p. 150. D.

1879 Buliminus mozambicensis, Pir., Gibbons, Journ. of Conch. ii.

p. 144. N.

nf rf speket, Bgt., Moll. de l’Egypte, p. 4. 22:

1897 :; (Ehachis) mossambicensts, Pfr. (cum var. speket,

Bgt.), von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 74. N.D.

1899 3; A mozambicensis, Pfr., Junod, Bull. Soc.

Vaudoise, xxxv. p. 279. WN.

1901 Ss .§ mozambicensis, Pfr., Kob., Conch. Cab.

p: 748. pl. LIOSE 7, Bo. De:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Rikatla (Junod).

Originally described from Mozambique (coll. Cuming).

321. Ena (PACHNODUS) NATALENSIS (Krauss). [S.A.M.]

1846 Bulimus natalensis, Krs., Pfr., Symb. iii. p. 86. D.

1848 x; », Sudafr: Moll p. 78s pled: ii Dae

‘. P » Pir.;, Mons Helin p.48: 2D)

1849 . ,», Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 62, £.430. DF.

( pessima).

172 Aimnals of the South African Musewm.

1898 Buliminus (Pachnodus) natalensis, Krs., Stur.,$.A. Moll.p.63. N.

1899 i. (Pachnodes) _ ,, Kob.,Conch. Cab. p. 621.

pl: 94, f. 14; 1o280 er.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Narvau. Near Natal Bay (Krauss), Drakensberg (Wahl-

berg). Umkomaas ; Pietermaritzburg ; Tongaat ; Pinetown ; Krantz

Kloof (Burnup).

CargE oF Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth; Springfields (Reeve).

Kowie (Farquhar). Port St. John’s (Shortridge). Knysna (Layard).

Lorenzo Marquss. Rikatla (Junod). Delagoa Bay (smaller var.,

fide Sturany).

322. ENA NUPTIALIS (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1894 Bulueminus nuptialis, M. & P., AM.N.H. xiv. p.92.pl.1,f.5. DF,

1901 (Pachnodes) nuptials, M. & P., Kob., Conch. Cab.

p.tOanpl. di, f..22. “Dor

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Craigie Burn, Somerset East (Mrs.

Barber). Elandsberg Mountain, Cradock (Farquhar).

323. ENA (XEROCERASTUS) OPPOsSITA (Mousson).

1887 Helix (Cochlicella) opposita, Mouss., J. de C. xxxv. p. 293. pl. 12,

fee ae,

1900 Bulominus (Zootecus ?) oppositus, Mouss., Kob., Conch. Cab,

p. OGL pl Ol fis) Dae

1904 Cochlicella opposita, Mouss., von Mts., Die Kalahari, p. 755. N.

1910 Ena opposita, Mouss., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 444. WN.

Hab. Ovampouannd. Upingtonia (subfossil, Schinz).

BECHUANALAND. Meno a kwena (subfossil, Passarge).

Described from a single specimen, compared to Cochlicella ventri-

cosa, Drap., and terveriana, Webb.

324. ENA PENTHERI (Sturany).

1898 Buliminus (Ehachis) penthert, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 65. pl. 2, f. 47,

48°) Dat.

1900 ss » Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 631.

pl 96, flo OD are

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Matolla (Penther).

feference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 173

325. Ena (? RHAcHISELLUS) PETERSI, Pfeiffer.

1855 Bulimus petersi, Pir., P.Z.S. p. 97. D.

1859 nA , von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 213. N.

» Mon: Helsivap, 496. 2:

1902 Balers (Lhachis) petersi, Pfir., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 986. D.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Lorenzo Marquss. Tette (Peters).

326. Ena (XEROCERASTUS) PSAMMOPHILA (Bottger).

1886 Buliminus (Mastus) psammophilus, Bttg., Ber. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, p. 23. pl. 2,f.2. DF.

1887 5 psamophilus, Bttg., Mouss., J. de C. xxxv. p. 295. N.

1900 ; (Zootecus) psammophilus, Bttg., Kob., Conch. Cab.

p. 663. pl. 101, f. 19-21. DF.

1910 Ena (Eburnea) psanmophila, Bttg., Abb. Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 443. N.

Type in Senckenberg Mus. Frankfurt.

Hab. Brcouuanauann. Khuis, western border of Kalahari (Nolte).

Great NAMALAND. Choarib (Hermann).

327. Ena (RHACHISELLUS) PUNCTATA (Anton). [§8.A.M.]

1839 Bulimus punctatus, Ant., Verz. Conch. Samml. p. 42. D.

1848 ce ,» Pir. Mon: Heliayps2l2se D:

1849 :, ,, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 55, f.452. D.F.

1851 . ,», Desh., Hist. Nat. Moll, ii, 2. p. 86.

pl. 157, Gear

1854, 55 - ,, (=solatus, Bs. in Mss.), Pfr., Conch.

Cab. p. 229. pl. 62, f. 22-24. D.F.

1859 Bulimus (Rhachis) punctatus, Ant., von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi.

p. 213. N.

1869 Buliminus (Rhachis) punctatus, Ant., von Mts., Nachrichtsbl.

d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges. i. p. 153. N.

1876 Bulimus punctatus, Ant., Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Indica,

p: 10; pl 2078 10s" a

1879 i ,, Gibbons, Journ. of Conch. ii. p.144. N.

1889 Rachisellus ledoulai, Bgt., Moll. de l’Afr. équat. p. 70. pl. 5,

f LO}. eee

1893 Buliminus (Pachnodus) jeyunus, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 106.

plesaii.) Dik

1897 FP (Ehachis) punctatus, Ant. (cum varr. ledoulxi, Bgt.,

andvariolosus, Morel.),von Mts.,D.-O.-Afr.p.76. N.

174 Annals of the South African Musewm.

1901 Buliminus (Pachnodes ?) jejunus, M. & P., Kob., Conch. Cab.

p: 194. plell7, 1.5282 GEN,

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Lorenzo Marquzs. Tette (Peters). Lebombo Mountains

(Barber),

RuopesiA. Near Gwelo (Dodds).

NortTHERN TRANSVAAL (jejuna, Bowker).

?OvampoLanD. Upingtonia; Epitonna (fide Sturany).

? DAMARALAND. Omaruru (fide Sturany).

An Indian species imported through commerce, and rather widely

distributed in East Africa. Very careful comparison has been made

of the type set of jejuna, in the British Museum, with immature

specimens of punctata from Daressalam, and no specific difference

can be found between them.

Ena (Bhachisellus) férussact (Dkr.), which some writers have

-included in the synonymy, appears to be a distinct species.

328. ENA (XEROCERASTUS) SCHULTZEI, Bottger.

1910 Ena (Hburnea) schultzet, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 442. pl. 28,£.9. DF.

Type in Senckenberg Mus. Frankfurt.

Hab. BrcuuanataAnd. Kooa; Sekuma District: Kang; Kakir

and Lekututu Districts (Schultze).

GRIquaLAND West. Near Cypher Krantz (Day).

329. EinA (PACHNODUS) SPADICEA (Menke). [S.A.M.]

1846 Bulimus spadiceus, Mke., Pfr., Symb. iii. p. 87. D.

rh we Wee 9 »; Phil., Abb. u. Beschr. ii.p. 123. pl: 13,

IS tes vB RY.O8

1848 - a » rs. Sudai Molly pe 79.) 2:

s ie * 3) Pir; Mon. Bel, tip. 1925-2.

1854, 55 ,, ae es », Conch. Cab. p. 223. pl. 61, f. 18,

AS Deke

1854 o vitellinus, Pir., P.Z.8. p. 57. D.

1859 ir, » Mon. Hel. iv. p. 480. D.

1902 Buliminus (Pachnodes) vitellinus, Pfr., Kob.,Conch.Cab.p.997. D.

Type of spadicea in Stettin Museum ; vitellina in British Museum.

Hab. Nara. ‘In the forests’ (Krauss). Umlaas River (fide

Sturany). Port Shepstone ; Durban (Burnup).

Care oF Goop Horr. Somerset East (Miss Bowker), Kentani

(Kolbe). Port Elizabeth (Crawford). Hast London (fide Layard).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 175

TransvAAL. Barberton (Cregoe).

Vitellina was described from ‘‘ Natal.” The type is simply an

example of spadicea.

var. MINOR, Pfeiffer.

1848 Bulimus spadiceus, Mke. var., Krs., Stidafr. Moll. p. 79. Dd.

r» 13 ,, var. minor, Pfr. (Bulimus caffer, Krs.,

in litt.), Pfr., Mon. Hel. ii. p. 192. Dy

Krauss’ type in Stockholm Museum.

If the above two quotations refer to the same shell, which is

not quite certain, the Hab. is Mt. Mohapaani, probably in the

Northern Transvaal, and the variety may possibly be identical with

E. mebeamiana, Bup.

330. Ena (? RHACHISELLUS) SPILOGRAMMA (von Martens).

1859 Bulimus spilogrammus,von Mts.,Mal.Blatt.vi.p.214.pl.2,£.9. DF.

1860 », (Pachnodus) spilogranumus, von Mts.,DieHelic.p.230. D.

1868 ,» sptlogrammus, von Mts., Pfir., Mon. Hel. vi. p. 56. D.

1900 Buliminus (Pachnodus) spilogramnus, von Mts., Kob., Conch.

Gabe py 624) pl95, 1.9) 9 De

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Tette (Peters).

331. Ena (? RHACHISELLUS) sTIcTA (von Martens). [S.A.M.]

1859 Bulimus (Rhachis) stictus, von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 211. pl. 2,

eal ee! OIE

1860 a 4 Die Helic. p. 232. OD.

1868 - os Pfr., Mon. Hel. vi.p.131. D.

1899 Buliminus ,, ie Smith, P.Z.S. p. 586. N.

1900 ‘ is Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 628.

pl: 90;t: 4 Oe

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Tette (Peters). Manica Land (Selous).

RuopesiA. Three miles east of Umtali (Dodds).

ZunuLanp. Umbonambi (Toppin). White Umfolosi Flats (Gibson).

Also reported from Angoni Land and other localities in Central

Africa and Northern Rhodesia.

332. ENA (XEROCERASTUS) SUBTERES, Bottger.

1910 Ena (Eburnea) subteres, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 444. pl. 28, £8. DF.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.

176 Annals of the South African Museum.

Hab, Damaratann. 140kilos inland from Swakopmund (Rintelen. )

Founded on a single, dead specimen.

333. ENA (CONULINUS) TRANSVAALENSIS (Melv. & Pons.).

1893 Buliminus transvaalensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 105. pl. 3,

fer. DE

1901 zr ‘. Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 794.

play, 1.4." De:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. NortHern TRANSVAAL (Bowker).

334. ENA (XEROCERASTUS) ZULUENSIS (Melv. & Pons.).

1898 Buliminus zuluensis, M.& P., A.M.N.H. ii. p. 127. pl. 7,£.5. DF.

1902 (Xerocerastus) zuluensis, M. & P., Kob., Conch. Cab.

p: 699; pl. 128, f.3. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zuuupanv. Inseyi River (fide M. & P.).

Famity VERTIGINIDA, B. B. Woodward, 19038.

(Journ. of Conch. x. pp. 354, 360.)

(=Pupide, Pupe, &c., auctt.)

Genus LEUCOCHILOIDES, Pfeiffer, 1881.

(Nomenclator, p. 292.)

Type of Genus, L. lardeus (Pfr.).

Adequate discussion of this Genus and the species attributed to it

would fill far too much space for inclusion in the present work.

Pilsbry and Vanatta, in their “‘ Partial Revision of the Pup of the

United States’? (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 582), con-

sidered both Leucochila, Albers, 1860, and Lewcochiloides to be

dentical with the older Pwpoides, Pfr. (Mal. Blatt. i. 1854, p. 192).

There is, however, an earlier Pwpoides, proposed by Férussac (Tabl.

Syst. pt. 3. 1821, p. 61) as a section of Cochlodina, but on an equal

footing with Clausilia, Pupa, and Cyclostoma. Hence there is room

for doubt both as to the validity of Pwpoides, Pfr., and as to whether

it is actually equivalent to Lewcochiloides, so that it may be advisable

to retain for the present the later name, which is applied by most

continental authorities to the species which follow.

With regard to the South African representation, specimens

Feference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 177

attributable to calaharicus, Bttg., have often been identified with

the West African senegalensis, Morel., which was described from

Goree. In my opinion, they very possibly are that species; but

senegalensis was admitted by Morelet himself to be identical with

the East Indian cenopictus, Hutton, while the latter, with some

twenty other names, has been placed by various authors in varying

synonymy, including that of the American marginatus, Say (=fallaz,

auctt., nec Say).

It will hence be seen that the whole question of the synonymy of

senegalensis is an extremely difficult one, and, as it is not yet settled,

I prefer to leave this West Coast species altogether out of calculation,

and restrict the South African list to the narrowest possible limits,

as set forth below.

335. LEUCOCHILOIDES CALAHARICUS, Bottger.

1886 Buliminus (Leucochiloides) calaharicus, Bttg., Ber. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, p. 24. pl. 2,£.3. DF.

1900 Buliminus (Leucochiloides) calaharicus, Bttg., Kob., Conch.

Cab. p. 664. pl. 101, f. 22, 23. D.F.

Type in Senckenberg Mus. Frankfurt.

Hab. British BecHUANALAND. Ghous (Nolte).

GrIQUALAND West. Blaauwbosch Poort, Hay District (Day).

Hartz River, Taungs (Miss Wilman).

DaMARALAND (Geale, in British Museum).

Ruopesia. Victoria Falls (Connolly).

Carr oF Goop Horr. Jansenville (Farquhar ; Crawford). Prieska

(Gibbons). Karroo (in British Museum)

A variable species, both as to size and form.

336. LEUCOCHILOIDES MINUScULUS, Mousson.

1887 Buliminus (Leucochiloides) minusculus, Mouss., J. de C. xxxv.

p. 295; pl. 12, f5:) 2D en

1902 ‘9 (Pupoides) minusculus, Mouss., Kob., Conch. Cab.

p. 956: pl. 133; £18; 19:9) Die,

1904 . (Leucochilotdes) minusculus, Mouss., von Mts., Die

Kalahari, p. 754. N.

1910 Leucochiloides minusculus, Mouss., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 445. WN.

Type in Zurich Museum.

Hab. Ovampouann. Ku-Ganab, §.E. of Ondonga (Schinz). Hoeis

(Hermann). Sodanna (Passarge).

178 Annals of the South African Museum.

BECHUANALAND. Meno a kwena (fossil, Passarge).

Separable by its smaller size, if a constant feature, from calaharicus,

Bttg.

Sus-Genus MICROSTELE, Bottger, 1886.

(Ber. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, p. 26.)

Type of Sub-Genus, L. nolter, Bttg.

337. LEUCOCHILOIDES NOLTEI, Bottger.

1886 Pupa (Microstele) noltet, Bttg., Ber. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, p. 25. pl. 2, f.4. DF.

1908 ,, nolter, Bttg., M. & P., A.M.N.H.i.p.78.pl.2,f.14,15. DF.

N.B.—The height line, which should be 3°75 mm., is omitted on

this plate.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.

Hab. British BecHuaNnauanD. Ghous (Nolte).

Founded on a single specimen.

338. LEUCOCHILOIDES OBLONGUS, Bottger.

1910 Lewcochiloides (Microstele) oblongus, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, p. 445. pl. 28, f. 11. DF.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.

Hab. Damaratand. 140 kilom. inland from Swakopmund

(Rintelen).

Founded on a single, live specimen, which, as the author recog-

nises, may be a local form of noltet.

Genus JAMINIA, Leach in Risso, 1826.

(Hist. nat. de ’Europe mérid. iv. p. 88.)

(=Pupa, Drap., 1801, nec Pupa, Bolten, 1798, nec Lam., 1801.)

Type of Genus, J. muscorwm (Mill.).

I have adopted the nomenclature suggested by B. B. Woodward

in Journ. of Conch. x. 1903, p. 358 et seq. On p. 361 he points out

that the Sub-genus Pupilla, Leach in Turton, 1831, by the adoption

of Jaminia, becomes a synonym for Jaminia s.s.

339. JAMINIA BISULCATA (Jickelli). [S.A.M.]

1872 Pupa bisulcata, Jick., Mal. Blatt. xx. p. 107. D.

1874 - » Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 119. pl.5,f.10. DF.

1877 , Pfr., Mon. Hel. viii: p. 380. / D.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 179

Hab. Ruopesia. Victoria Falls (Connolly).

Described from Abyssinia.

It has not been possible to compare the Rhodesian shells with

Jickeli’s type, but they agree very well with his figure and descrip-

tion of bisulcata.

340. JAMINIA CORRUGATA, Preston.

1912 Jaminia corrugata, Prest., A.M.N.H. ix. pp. 70, f.4; 71. FD.

Type in coll. Preston.

Hab. Ruopesta. Victoria Falls (Connolly).

341. JAMINIA CRAWFORDIANA (Mely. & Pons.).

1903 Fauaxulus crawfordianus, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 605. pl. 31,

f6. LDU.

1908 Pupa crawfordiana, M. & P., AM.N.H.i. p. 71. N.

nS - » Bnp., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 402. pl. 10,

f. Do: SNE:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hors. Mossel Bay (Crawford).

342. JAMINIA CRYPTOPLAX (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1899 Pupa cryptoplax, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p.198. pl. 3,f.11. DP.

1908 * 55 ; i ofae al ea) Coal te IN Ya aah

Jug ‘3 , Bnp., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 402. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hops. Kragga Kama, Port Elizabeth

(Crawford ; Reeve).

343. JAMINIA DADION (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1864 Pupa dadion, Bs., A.M.N.H. xiii. p. 495. D.

1868 F » Pfr., Mon. Heli vi. p: 3207 BD:

1908 3 »y M. & P., AMINE p nt as pies fro a ven

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hors. Simonstown; Ravine near New-

lands (Layard). Bedford (Farquhar).

Natau. Umvoti Country (Lightfoot). Karkloof; Nottingham

Road ; Inhluzani Mountain; Game Pass (Burnup).

344. JAMINIA DAMARICA (Ancey). [S.A.M.]

1888 Pwpa damarica, Ancey, Le Naturaliste, x. p. 200. D.

1892. ,,. ovampoensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 91. pl. 6,f.11. DP.

180 Annals of the South African Museum.

1901 Pupa ridibunda, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p. 320. pl. 2, f.11. DF.

1908 ,, damarica, Ancey, M. & P., A.M.N.H.i. p. 72. D.

* » ovampoensis, M. & P. (=ridibunda), M. & P., A.M.N.H.

Ieper On ple ht. GSO eEE

1910 Leucochilus damaricum, Ancey (=ovampoensis, M. & P.), Bttg.,

Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 446. WN.

1911 Pupa damarica, Ancey, Bnp., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 403. JN.

Type of damarica—ubi ?; ridibunda and ovampoensis in British

Museum.

Hab. OVAMPOLAND (ovampoensis, in coll. Layard). Disappoint-

ment Vlei (damarica, Andersson & Chapman).

TRANSVAAL. Rustenberg (McBean). Potchefstroom (Miss Living-

ston). Pretoria; Heidelberg; Buiskop; Pietersburg; Pruizen

(Connolly).

OrAaNGE FREE State. Bloemfontein (Connolly).

Care oF Goop Horr. Prieska (Gibbons). Hlandsberg Mountain,

Cradock (ridibunda) ; Port Elizabeth (Farquhar).

345. JAMINIA DySORATA (Mely. & Pons.).

1893 Pupa dysorata, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xi. p. 20. pl.3,f.4. F.and

faulty description.

Fe a - xii. p. 111. (Hmend. Descr.)

1898 ,, dysorota i Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 71. (Hr. typ.)

1908 ,, dysorata " AMON Hoan 7s. plait: 42 ere

ON: is i Bnp., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 403. N.D.

Type in coll. Sykes.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hors. Griqualand Hast (in coll. Sykes).

346. JAMINIA FARQUHARI (Mely. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1898 Pupa farquhari, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ii. p. 128. pl. 7, f. 7. DF.

1908 F; 35 inp. u4tepl. 4A, tot. Noe.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hors. Elandsberg Mountain, Cradock

(Farquhar).

347. JAMINIA FONTANA (Krauss). [S.A.M.]

1841 Pupa fontana, Krs., Kiist., Conch. Cab. p.122. pl.16,£.9-12. DF.

1848 ; ; Sudair Mollsps0- pl. 5; 26: Da.

“a » Piri, MonyHelsisp: 305: 2:

1866 es ‘ , vou Mts., Mal. Blatt. xii. p. 96. N.

1870 ee », Blanf., Obs. Geol. & Zool. Abyss. p. 477. N.

1874 A. , dick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr.p.120.pl.5,f£.11. DF.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 181

1894 Pupa charybdica, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xiv. p. 94. pl. 1, f. 18. DP

_ », custodita As KIVe pga pl 1, £9: Dene

25 » Jrustillum e = xiv. p. 94. pl.1,f.14. DF.

% » keroea a sf xiv. p. 94. pl. 1, £.12. DF.

ee » onucronaria ,, " Kiv. pags. pleb tdi Dee

1896 ,, amphodon 53 xvili.p.317.pl.16,f.6,7. DF.

1898 ,, fontana, Krs., Stur., ane “Moll. jon lee. 1D).

1901 ,, endoplax, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p.319. pl.2,f.10. DP.

1908 ,, fontana, Krs. (=elizabethensis, charybdica, custodita,

frustillum, keroea, omicronaria, amphodon and endo-

plan), M. & P., A.M.N.H. i. p..74.. IN:

1910 Pupilla fontana, Krs., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 445. N.

1911 Pupa fontana, Krs., Bnp., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 404. N.

Types of amphodon, charybdica, custodita, endoplax, frustillum,

keroea, and omicronaria in British Museum; fontana in Stuttgart

Museum.

Hab. Transvaat. Source of Mooi River (Wahlberg). Pretoria

District (custodita, keroea, omicronaria, &c., very plentiful). Johan-

nesburg (McBean; Johnson). Potchefstroom ; Heidelberg (Miss

Livingston). Buiskop (Connolly).

OrancE Free State. Bloemfontein; Rustfontein (Connolly).

Narat. Karkloof (McBean). Edendale ; Tongaat (Burnup).

Care oF Goop Hops. Prieska (Lightfoot). Cradock (endoplaz,

Farquhar). Port Elizabeth (amphodon, charybdica, frustillum,

Crawford; Penther). East London (Miss Bowker). Victoria East ;

Pirie Forest (Godfrey).

GriquaLAND West. Blaauwbosch Poort, Hay District (Day).

DAMARALAND. Gobabis (sub-fossil, Hermann).

Also known from Abyssinia and other countries. Nevill cites a

variety of this species as collected by Blanford at Agula, Adignat,

and Meshek, in North-East Africa. Jickeli (1874) describes and

figures a var. globulosa, which he collected in Abyssinia in company

with the typical form.

var. ELIZABETHENSIS (Melv. & Pons.).

1892 Pupaelizabethensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 91. pl. 5, £.13. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Cape or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

The albino form of fontana, and, as such, entitled to varietal rank.

182 Annals of the South African Museum.

348. JAMINIA GRIQUALANDICA (Mely. & Pons.). |S.A.M.]

1893 Pupa griqualandica, M.& P., A.M.N.H. xi. p. 22. pl. 3, £.9. DF.

1908 5 ‘5 es i.p.76.pl.1,f.8-10. DF.

1oUm 5 a) Bape ae MUN. EL. vil. po. 400m Ne

Type in coll. Sykes.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Griqualand East (Sykes). Cradock

(Farquhar). Port HKlizabeth (in coll. Ponsonby).

Nata. Pietermaritzburg ; Dargle ; Tongaat ; Edendale (Burnup).

ZULULAND. Dukuduku (Toppin).

TRANSVAAL. Pretoria District (Farquhar). Heidelberg (Miss

Livingston). Buiskop, (Connolly).

349. Jaminia 10TA (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1894 Pupa wta, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xiv. p. 93. pl. 1, £10. DF.

1908 3 ¥ i Lee iene Aertel Dobe

1911 a iy Bnp., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 406. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Pretoria (Farquhar; McBean). Heidelberg

(Miss Livingston). Standers Kop (Connolly).

ZuLULAND. Dukuduku Forest (Toppin).

var. LIVINGSTONE, Burnup.

1908 Pupa iota, M. & P., var. livingstone, Bnp., M. & P., A.M.N.H.

ieee ool, dete LO Sr,

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaat. Pretoria; Standerton (Connolly).

350. JAMINIA LAYARDI (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1856 Pupa layardi, Bs., A.M.N.H. xviii. p. 435. D.

1859 - » Pér., Mon. Hel. iv..p. 674. D.

1864 " a7 oA MEN. ES xa, p96 57 GN.

1868 a 5 fr, Mon. Beli vip: 318. 0.

1876 7 », Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 15,f.141. DF.

1908 x ME Pe AMEN dp. (O.pli2. talon aver

1911 s » Bnp., A.M.N.H. vii.p.407. pl. 10,£.3,4. NF.

Originals in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. Care oF Goop Hors. Cape Point (Layard). Hermanus

(Lightfoot).

var. MINOR, Benson.

1864 Pupa layardi, var. minor, Bs., A.M.N.H. xiii. p. 496. D.

sists 5 °s 55 eeir., Mon, EHel.virp. ol. 3)

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 183

Pupa stoaphora, Bs., in litt.

1889 -;; a » Paetel, Catalog, ii. p. 305.

1908 ,, Jlayardi, var. minor, Bs., M. & P.,A.M.N.H.i.p.78. N.

1ko pear e; a » Bup.; AMEN. wisp. 406:

pl, LO) £..5;.G., NB:

Originals of var. minor in University Museum of Zoology, Cam-

bridge; stoaphora in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Bredasdorp, at the roots of grasses

among stones (stoaphora, Layard).

351. JAMINIA PERPLEXA (Burnup). [S.A.M.}

1908 Pupa perplexa, Bup.,M.&P., A.M.N.H.i.p.80.pl.2,£.17,18. DF’.

1911 9 | A MEN Ey 0S:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Cradock; Port Elizabeth (Fayr-

quhar).

TRANSVAAL. Johannesburg (McBean). Pretoria (in coll. Pon-

sonby). Potchefstroom (Miss Livingston). Heidelberg (Connolly).

OranGe Free State. Bloemfontein (Connolly).

352. JAMINIA PRETORIENSIS (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1893 Pupa pretoriensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xi. p. 21. pl. 3,£8. DF.

1908 ;, 5 - ‘5 is Oy-stoyl ley Ts

" , dysorata, M. & P., var. intradentata, Bnp., M. & P.,

A.MLN.H. i: py 73. pl. 15 fey 6 ee,

1911 ,, intradentata, Bup., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 405. D.

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Pretoria and District (Farquhar ; Connolly).

The type of pretoriensis, which was not available when the revision

of the South African Pupide was being prepared (1908), proves to

be a slightly immature example of the species better known as

intradentata, Bnp. Pretoriensis, of course, has priority.

353. JAMINIA QUANTULA (Melv. & Pons.).

1893 Pupa quantula, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xi. p. 20. pl. 3, 1.5. DP.

1908 p - ip ie prelk ply 2. fe LO see Neue

1911 3 . Bnp., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 409. WN.

Type—whz ?

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth, South of Baakens

River to Schoenmakers Kop (Crawford).

184 Annals of the South African Museum.

354, JAMINIA SYKESI (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1893 Pupa sykesu, M: & P., A.M.N.H. xi. p. 21. pl. 3,1. 6. F.

& faulty descruption.

ms - xl. p. 111. (Hmend. Descr.)

1389S; penne eam, 8.A. Moll. p. 70. pl. 2, f. 34-36. DF.

1908S, i oo NE as Ps, A MINGEI a5. 80". NE

BA » sykesw, M.& P., cbid. p. 81. pl. 2,1.20. NF’.

LOU, sykest : (=pentheri, Stur.), Bnp., A.M.N.H. vii.

p. 410. WN.

Type of sykest in coll. Sykes ; penthert in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Caryn oF Goop Hors. Griqualand East (in coll. Sykes).

Port Elizabeth (Reeve). Pirie (Godfrey). Grahamstown (Farquhar).

Natau. Majuba (Connolly). Durban; Umbilo Road (pentheri,

Penther). Edendale ; Game Pass; Ntimbankulu (Burnup).

ZuLvutanD. Dukuduku (pentheri, Toppin).

var. INCONSPICUA, Burnup.

1908 Pupa sykesi, M. & P., var. inconspicua, Bnp., M.& P., A.M.N.H.

i, p. Ol. pl. 2, 1.212 De.

1911 > - Bnp., A.M.N.H.vii.p.410. NV.

Type in British iireoutes ,

Hab. Narat. Dargle (Miss Livingston).

355. JAMINIA TABULARIS (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1893 Pupa tabularis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xi. p. 20. pl. 3, £3. DF.

1908 : i ispaGA. Plated. 24. e INE

Type in British ieccunt

Hab. Cape Peninsuna. Cape Town (Lightfoot). Rondebosch

(Connolly).

356, JAMINIA TETRODUS (Bottger). [S.A.M.]

1870 Pupa tetrodus, Bttg., Ber. Offenbach. Ver. f. Naturk. xi. p. 46.

jo) el Wes ge Ea 7 P

1880 ,, (Vertigo) sinistrorsa, Crvn., P.Z.8. p. 618. pl. 57, £.8. DP.

1891 __s,, 53 thaumasta, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p. 239. D.

1892.3 . % Ri % ib eof SEE Folk, Woy

fclenaole

189Saye. a 3 a and simistrorsa, Crvn., Stur.,

S.A. Moll: pa68e ae

L908 ela us sinistrorsa, Crvn.( =thawmasta),M.&P.,A.M.N.H.

i, p, Ode ple, te26., NE.

Reference List of South African Non-Marine Mollusca. 185

1910 Pupilla tetrodus, Bttg. (=sinistrorsa and thawmasta), Btte.,

Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges, Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 446. N.

Types of senzstrorsa and thawmasta in British Museum ; tetrodus

in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.

Hab. BECHUANALAND. Gokwe River, 22° S. lat. and 28° E. lon.,

about 30 miles N. of Palapye Road (sub-fossil, Hibner).

CarpE oF Goop Horr. Cape Récif; Klein Setjes Bosch, near

Beaufort (s¢nistrorsa, Craven). Port Alfred (Penther). King

Williamstown; Lovedale; Burns Hill (Godfrey). Port Elizabeth

(thawmasta, Crawford). Prieska (Gibbons). Grahamstown ; Cradock ;

Jansenville; Somerset Hast (Farquhar). Coega (Miss Hickey).

British BecHuanauann. Hartz River, Taungs (Miss Wilman).

TRANSVAAL. Pretoria(Connolly). Potchefstroom (Miss Livingston).

ORANGE FREE State, Bloemfontein (Godfrey). Kroonstad (Miss

Hickey).

OvaMPoLAND. Disappointment Vlei (in coll. Layard).

Sus-Genus FAUXULUS, Schaufuss, 1869.

(Paetel’s Catalog, p. 15.)

(=Faula, H. & A. Adams, 1855, nec Blanchard, 1850.)

Type of Sub-Genus, J. capensis (Kurr).

357. JAMINIA (FAUXULUS) CAPENSIS (Kurr). [S.A.M.]

1841 Pwpa capensis, Kurr, Kiist., Conch. Cab. p. 10. pl. 1,£.19,20. DF.

4s » ovularis ,, » 200d. p. LOM ply £ WG=18s =r

us ,, pottebergensis, Krs., Kist., zbed. p. 17. pl. 2, f. 20-22. DF.

x » kurrii, Krs. (=ovularis, Kurr, nec Oliv.), Kiist., zbid.

pe Ll pli, £0; 6: Dee

1842 ,, capensis, Kurr, Pir., Symb. i. p. 53. D.

A » kurriv and pottebergensis, Krs., Pfr., abid. p. 54. D.

1848 ,, capensis, Kurr, kurri and pottebergensis, Krs., Pfr., Mon.

Hel. ii. p. 331. D.

1851 ,, fonticola, Desh., Hist. nat. Moll. ii. p. 220. pl. 156, £. 26—

28: Due:

1878 ,, pottebergensis, Krs., Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 18, f. 166. DF.

Bs » kurrit, Krs. (=fonticola), Sow., ibid. pl. 19, f. 182. D.F.

1898 ,, pottenbergensis, Krs., Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 67. (Err. typ.)

1908 ,, capensis, Kurr (cum varr. kurrt and pottebergensis, Krs.),

M. & P., A.M.N.H. i. p. 83.

ONG i » (=kurri and pottebergensis), Bup.,

A. M._N. Ee vile pe Ny,

186 Annals of the South African Museum.

Types of capensis, kurrii, and pottebergensis in Stuttgart Museum,

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Zoetendals Valley and Potteberg,

Swellendam District (Krauss). Port Elizabeth (Crawford). Gor-

don’s Bay (Connolly). St. Helena Bay; recent and fossil at

Saldanha Bay (Lightfoot).

British BecHUANALAND. Kuruman (Moffatt, fide Layard).

Cape Preninsuna. Widely distributed. A pretty variety with

bright yellow brown band below the suture and yellow base comes

from Buffelsfontein, Cape Point, where shells of uniform pale orange

colour are also found.

Fonticola was described from ‘‘ Cape of Good Hope” (Verreaux).

358, JAMINIA (FAUXULUS) FRYANA (Benson).

1864 Pupa fryana, Bs., A.M.N.H. xiii. p. 495. D.

1868 iF 3 ir, Mon Eeli vi. pol9. Dd:

1908 Pupa (Fauculus) fryana, Bs., M. & P., A.M.N.H. i. p. 83. WN.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hops. Bredasdorp (Fry; At the roots of

grasses among stones, Layard).

309. JAMINIA (FAUXULUS) GLANVILLEANA (Ancey).

1888 Pupa glanvilliana, Ancey, Le Naturaliste, x. p. 200. D.

1908 ,, (Fauxulus) glanvilleana,Ancey,M.&P.,A.M.N.H.i.p.83. D.

HOT a f a » Bop, A.M.N.A. yi. p. 411.

Type—wbt ?

Hab. Care oF Goop Horr. East London (Miss Glanville ;

Miss Bowker):

var. DARGLENSIS, Burnup.

1908 Pupa (Fauculus) glanvilleana, Ancey, M. & P., A.M.N.H.i. pl. 2,

f23.. ee

1911 As Ancey,var.darglensis, Bnp.,A.M.N.H.

vii. p.412. D.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nata. Dargle ; Game Pass, near Giant’s Castle, Drakens-

berg; Inhluzani Mountain ; Karkloof; Ntimbankulu (Burnup).

var. TOMLINI, Burnup.

1911 Pupa (Fauxulus) glanvilleana, Ancey, var tomlini, Bup.,

ACM IN ELS yi py 413 pio; f. 7. DF.

Type in British Museum.

fieference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 187

Hab. Carr or Goop Hoprz. Albany (Miss Glanville). East

London (Radford). Gamtoos (Reeve).

360. Jaminia (FAUXULUS) MCBEANIANA, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1901 Fauxrulus (Anisoloma) mcbeanianus, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii.

proto. pl 2.1.9. DoE

1911 Pupa (Faurulus) mcbeaniana, M. & P., Bup., A.M.N.H. vii.

yee. pl. 10,78, NF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan, Karkloof Bush (McBean). Majuba (Connolly).

Dargle; Nottingham Road (Burnup).

361. JAMINIA (FAUXULUS) PAMPHORODON (Benson). [S.A.M\]

1864 Pupa pamphorodon, Bs., A.M.N.H. xiii. p. 495. D.

1868, ped », Pir., Mon, Hel wits 205:

PSO, nes - » bow., Conch, Icons pli3d;f 120) er.

1908 ,, (Faurulus) pamphorodon, Bs., M. & P., A.M.N.H. i. p. 84.

ple 2 is 24 Noe

UE he os P55 i », Bnp.,A.M.N.H.vii.p.414. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Cape Prninsunta. Simonstown (Layard). Kalk Bay ;

Slang Kop; Paul Berg; Cape Point (Connolly).

362. JAMINIA (FAUXULUS) PEREXIMIA (Mely. & Pons.).

1897 Pupa (Faula) pereximia, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 638. pl. 17,

ioe Le

1908 ,, (Fauxulus) perecimia, M. & P., A.M.N.H. i. p. 865. pl. 2,

ig PASI UNA

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Buffalo River (fide M. & P.).

363. JAMINIA (FAUXULUS) PONSONBYANA (Morelet).

1889 Pupa (Faula) ponsonbyana, Morel.,J.deC.xxxvii-p.9.pl.1,£.5. DF.

1901, (Anisoloma) ponsonbyana, Morel., Ancey, J. de C. xlix.

p. 140. N.

1908 ,, (Fauxulus) ponsonbyana,Morel.,M.&P.,A.M.N.H.i.p.85. N.

ial, 44; 5 Pr » Bnp., A.M.N.H. vii. p.415.

plOs 9=195 Nee

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carré or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Crawford; Reeve).

188 Annals of the South African Museum.

Somerset East (Miss Bowker). Grahamstown; Bathurst ; Kowie

(Farquhar). Alexandria District (Crawford). Pirie (Godfrey).

Narau. Hilton Road; Zwaart Kop, near Pietermaritzburg

(Burnup).

Faminty CLAUSILIIDA, B. B. Woodward, 1903.

(Journ. of Conch. x. pp. 355, 361.)

Genus BALEA (Prideaux MSS.), Gray, 1824.

(Zool. Journ. i. p. 61.)

Type of Genus, B. fragilis, Drap. (perversa, Lin.).

364. Bauea AFRICANA, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1899 Balea africana, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 198. pl. 3, f. 10. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Van Reenen (Quekett). Karkloof (Burnup).

Carr or Goop Horr. Bedford (Farquhar). Pirie Forest (Godfrey).

Famity ACHATINIDA, von Martens, 1879.

(Zoological Record, Moll. p. 65.)

(= Achatinida, Pfr., 1879, Nomenclator, p. 260.)

Sus-Famity ACHATININA, H. & A. Adams, 1855.

(Gen. rec. Moll. ii. p. 131.)

Genus METACHATINA, Pilspry, 1904.

(Man. of Conch. xvi. p. 307.)

Type of Genus, M. kraussi (Ptr.).

365. MrracHatina KRAuss! (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

1846 Bulimus kraussi, Pir., Symb. ili. p. 85. D.

1848 2 » Ars., Sudair. Moll. p: 78. pl.6,4.4. Dua:

‘ 5, _ Montlelii.p: 184. 2D:

1849 5 ,, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 63, f. 486. DL.

1860 Achatina fuscolabris, von Mts., Die Helic. pp. 202, 204. N.

1889 Me (Bulimus kraussi, Pfr.), von Mts., Sitz.-

Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, p. 163. WN.

Invinhacia kraussi, Pfr. (=fuscolabris, von Mts.), Crosse, J. de

Caxxxvii. gp. Lids wD!

”

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 189

1893 Livinhacia kraussi, Pfr., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 7. pl. 2,f.1. DP.

1899 5 ,, Junod, Bull. Soc. Vaudoise, xxxv.

eZee eve

1904 Metachatina kraussi, Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvi. p. 308.

pl. 23, f. 46,48. D.F.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Natau. Natal Bay (Krauss; Penther). Woods near the

Umlaas River (fide Pfeiffer). Tongaat; Alexandra (now renamed

Kelso) Junction (Burnup).

Lorenzo Marques. Rikatla (Junod).

EASTERN ZULULAND (Toppin).

var. PLANTI, Pfeiffer.

1861 Achatina planti, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 25. pl. 3, f.6. DF.

‘, as », Novit. Conch. ii. p. 160. pl. 42, f.1,2. DF.

1868 a 5 Mon. Hel. vi. p: 2183 7D:

1898 Livinhacia krausst,var.planti, Pfr.,.M.& P., Proc.Mal.Soc.iii.p.178.

1904 Metachatina planti, Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvi. p. 309.

Distt. LO, 11. “DF.

Type in British Museum,

Hab. Navau. Cape Natal (Plant).

ZULULAND. Kosi Bay (Toppin).

Genus BURTOA, Bourguignat, 1889.

(Moll. de ]’Afr. équat., March, 1889, p. 88.)

(=Livinhacia, Crosse, April, 1889).

Type of Genus, B. nilotica (Pfr.).

366. Burtoa ninoTica (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

186L Bulamus niloticus, Pir., P.Z.S. p. 24. D,

ce xd » ,, Mal. Blatt. viii. p. 14. D.

1868 - - » Mon?Hel. vil paso:

1870 Limicolaria nilotica, Pir.,N ovit. Conch.iv. p.d. pl.110, f.1-3. DF.

Achatina milotica, Pfr., von Mts., Mal. Blatt. xvii. p. 32. N.

”

1874 as » dick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 151. DN.

1889 Burtoa 4g » Bgt., Moll. de Afr. équat. p. 89. N.

» . Lavinhacia ,, 3 \Crosse, J..de: CiexxxyapalO0Gs Dp)

1891 Achatina (Livinhacia) nilotica, Pfr., von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges.

Nat. Fr. Berlin, p. 14. N.

1893 Livinhacia nilotica, Pfr., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 5. pl. 1, f.1. D.F.

1895 Burtoa - », Smith, Proc. Mal. Soe. i. p. 323. N.

190 Annals of the South African Museum.

1897 Limicolaria (Livinhacia) ailotica, Pfr., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr.

pp. 94-98. D.F. Varr. and Synonymy.

1898 Livinhacia arnoldi, Stur., 8.A. Moll. p. 59. pl. 2, f. 41. DF.

1904 Burtoa arnoldi, Stur., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvi. p. 307. pl. 26,

fea, DUE,

nilotica, Pfr., Pilsb., cbid. p. 800. pl. 26, f. 15, 16. pl. 27,

£062 pl: 29 fou) 8s pl J0hdsd8 pl 35,1. 22 238 e

1906 ,, ‘ilotvea, Pfr:, Reynell, Proc: Mal. Soe. vii.p. 197. pl. 17,

f, 1-3. A.B.

1907 Burtoa nilotica, Pfr. (=arnoldi, Stur.), Melv. & Standen, Man-

chester Memoirs, li, 4. p. 11. N.

Type of nilotica in British Museum; arnold: in Naturh. Hofmus.

Vienna.

Hab. Matepruinand. Near the Amanze Inyama River (arnoldi,

Penther).

RHopEsIA. Salisbury (Oakley). Victoria Falls (Soper). Insiza

(French).

A most variable form, originally described from The Source of the

White Nile (Petherick), and occurring in many parts of Eastern

Africa. Crosse (1889) places Bul. giraudi, Bgt., in the synonymy,

to which von Martens (1897) adds jouberti, sebasnia, bridouxiana,

and lavigeriana, Bgt. The last-named author also identifies petherickt,

Bet., with var. schweinfurthi, von Mts., and describes varr. emint,

crassa, obliqua, and oblonga. Pilsbry (1904) brings in as further

varieties reymondi, Bgt., and grandidieri, Pilsb. (= Limicolaria

bourguignat, Grandidier).

9 ”

Genus ACHATINA, Lamarck, 1799.

(Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 75.)

(=Oncea, Gistel, 1850; Urceus (Klein), Jousseaume, 1884, and

Parachatina, Serpea, and Pintoa, Bourguignat, 1889.)

Type of Genus, 4. achatina (Lin.).

Pilsbry (1904) places most of the South African forms previously

attributed to this Genus in Cochlitoma, Fér. (Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3,

1821, pp. 28, 52 (or 24, 48), Type 4. zebra, Chem.), and Kobelt (1909)

follows his example. Apparently there are no anatomical grounds

for the subdivision, which rests on a very fragile conchological basis.

As many of the leading British and South African authorities are

averse to the change, I prefer to retain the older classification.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 191

367. ACHATINA AMPULLACEA, Bottger.

1910 Achatina ampullacea, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frank-

furt, xxxii. p. 447. pl. 28, f£. 13. DP.

Type in Senckenberg Mus. Frankfurt.

Hab. Becuuanatanp. Banks of the Epukiro-Omuramba,

15 kilom. from Komeduve, south of Lake Ngami (Hermann).

A single specimen, likened by Bottger to A. damarensis, which,

as he says, is found only 5 miles distant from it.

368. AcHATINA AURORA, Pfeiffer.

1854 Achatina aurora, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 294. D.

1859 p »» Mon. Hel. iv. p. 602. D.

1904 Cochlitoma aurora, Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 102. DN.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nara. Durban (coll. Cuming).

The type, and only known specimen, is a semi-bleached, beach-

rolled shell, recalling a West African rather than South African form,

which may quite possibly have been dropped at Durban in ballast.

It has not yet, however, been identified with any other known species.

369. ACHATINA BISCULPTA, Smith.

1878 Achatina bisculpta, Smith, Quart. Journ. of Conch. i. p. 349. D.

1902 i * a Ancey, J. dex@. 1) p: 280; i285 Nek.

1904 Cochlitoma ,, a Pilsb., Man.of Conch. xvii. p.94. pl.13,

{444 SD ses

Type in British Museum.

Hab. ‘Soutx Arrica”’ (in British Museum),

370, ACHATINA BURNUPI, Smith. [S.A.M.]

1890 Achatina burnupi, Smith, A.M.N.H. vi. pp. 392, 393. D.

1904, 5. Cochlitoma burnupt, Smith, Pilsb Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 97.

Dlg d2) tO. Deh,

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natat. Van Reenen’s Pass, Drakensberg (Burnup).

Giant’s Castle (Mann).

TRANSVAAL. Carolina District (Horsbrugh).

371. ACHATINA CHURCHILLIANA, Melv. & Pons.

1895 Achatina churchilliana,M.& P.,A.M.N.H.xv.p.164.pl.12,f.3. DF.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma churchilliana, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

Kv pe olOw ple dat. 1, LOL ba)

192 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Type in Manchester Museum.

Hab. Nata. ‘ Port Natal” (Churchill; Grout).

372. ACHATINA CINNAMOMEA, Melv. & Pons.

1894 Achatina cinnamomea, M.&P., A.M.N.H.xiv.p. 92. pl.1,f.6. DP.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma cinnamomea, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii.

ages pl 20.4, 42. Dae

Type in Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg.

Hab. Transvaau. Standerton (Burnup).

373. ACHATINA CONNOLLYI, Preston. [S.A.M.]

1912 Achatina connollyi, Prest., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 71,f.5. D.F.

Type in coll. Preston.

Hab. Ruopesta. Victoria Falls (Connolly).

374. ACHATINA CRAWFORDI, Morelet. [S.A.M.]

1889 Achatina crawfordi, Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p. 8. pl.1,f.3. DP.

1897 y » Clapp, Nautilus, xi. p. 69. N.

1902 ms » Smith, Proc. Mal. Soc. v. p. 169. N.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma crawfordi, Morel., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii.

DeQoar pl. 26,4, 20, 28. plod, 6957.) “DAT

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Middleton ; Kleinpoort (Crawford).

Somerset East; Bedford (Farquhar). Douglas (Miss Orpen).

Morelet’s original locality, Port Elizabeth, is incorrect.

375. ACHATINA DAMARENSIS, Pfeiffer.

1870 Achatina dammarensis, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. xvii. p. 31. D.

me x * 5p Novit. (Conch: ive pp: 2: spl. 10g:

(ie Oya aoe OP cp

1877 _ ne 3 Mon: Hel: vii. p. 274. 3):

1904 - a ,, Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p..21.

Pll fs 32,00 ere

1910 5 damarensis, ,, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxx. p. 446. N.

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. Damaratannd (Dohrn). Ubeb on the Khan River (Schenck).

Omuramba-Omatuko River, near Okosongoho; Bank of the Black

Nosob, near Gobabis (Hermann).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 193

BECHUANALAND. Banks of the Epukiro-Omuramba, 10 kilom.

east of Komeduve, south of Lake Ngami (Hermann).

Great Namanand. Choarib; Choa’s District (Hermann).

376. ACHATINA DIMIDIATA, Smith.

1878 Achatina dimidiata, Smith, Quart., Journ. of Conch. i.p.348. D.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma dimidiata, Smith, Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii.

pedo. pl. 32, f.6: Due:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. TransvAau. Lydenburg (in British Museum; Craven).

Piet Retief (Crawshay).

Nata. Majuba (Connolly).

ORANGE FREE State. Near Kopjes Siding (Connolly).

377. ACHATINA FULICA (Férussac).

1821 Helix (Cochlitoma) fulica, Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3. p.53 (or 49).

ts = Me borbonica, Fér., ibid. p. 53 (or 49).

im . i zebrina, Feér., ibid. p. 53 (or 49).

1822 Achatina mauritiana, Lam. (=fulica, Fér.), Lam., Hist. nat.

An. s. Vert. vi, 2. p; 1295 2D:

1830 r couropa, Lesson, Voy. autour du Monde, Zool. ii.

Dp. olS ply 9, i 2. eke

1832 . mauritiana, Lam., Quoy & Gaim., Voy. Astrolabe,

Moll. p. 152. pl. 11, f. 10-15. pl. 49, f. 21. DFA.

1838 A mauritiana, Lam, (fulica, Fér.), Desh., Hist. nat.

An. s. Vert. viii. p. 297. D.

1848 Ke julica, Fér., Pir., Mon. Heliniep: 2045" 2:

1849 . =e » Bve., Conch. Icon. pl. 2; £. 8. DF’.

(=couropa, Léss.), Phil., Abb. u. Beschr.

ili, P2302 pl ie wo Deer

1851 ve s », (=borbonica and mauritiana), Desh.,

Hist. Nat. Moll. 11, 2. p. 162. pl. 124a,

fe pllabsio—oy Dit

1869 7 . , von Mts., von der Decken’s Reisen, iii.

pio8. pl. 25s ENCE

1870 i Be , Semp., Reis. im Arch. Philippin. ii, 3.

py l4o plo Wiae Ae

1880 ~ 2 ,» Mts., Meeresfauna von Mauritius,

pelo wey:

1892 i * , Branesik, Jahrb. Naturwiss. Vereins

Trencsiner Com. xv. p. 204. pl. 6, f. 6. A.

1897 4g us , vou) Miss DEO Air p: 89 Ne

194 Annals of the South African Musewm.

1904 Achatina fulica, Fér., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 55. pl. 36,

f, 18-20. pl. 37, f. 21-24. DF.

Type—whi ?

Hab. Unknown to Férussac.

Natau. Durban (Burnup).

A Mauritian species, distributed over East Africa and the neigh-

bouring islands of the Indian Ocean. Its presence in Durban has

been traced to introduction in flower-pots from Mauritius. von

Martens considers A. fulva (Brug.) and acuta, Lam., to be nearly

related to fulrca.

378. ACHATINA GLUTINOSA, Pfeiffer.

1852 Achatina glutinosa, Pir., P.Z.S. p. 86. D.

1853 i. cs » Mon. Efel. ui:p: 485. 2:

1854 A vs i MNS Esai etO4. ED:

1859 = peterst, von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 214. D.

1860 5 = - Die Helic. p. 294. N.

1865 of glutinosa, Pfr., Conch. Cab. p.360. pl.44 (1854), f.1. DF’.

1868 7 petersi, von Mts., Pfr., Mon. Hel. vi. p. 213. D.

1869 ee A; uk, » Novit. Conch. iii. p. 452. pl. 99,

Peony Dee

1894 3 _ * Ancey, Mém. Soc.. Zool. Fr. vii.

Dials Ds

1899 a glutinosa, Pir. (=petersi, von Mts.), Smith, P.Z.S.

p. 089...

1904 » . » Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 61. pl. 9,

f. 23, 24. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Tette (petersz, Peters).

A, glutinosa was described as from ‘‘ West Africa.”

379. ACHATINA GRANULATA, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M.]

1852 Achatina granulata, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 66. D.

1853 a a » Mon. Hel. iii. p. 484. D.

1861 af, semigranosa, Pir., P.Z.S. p. 25. D.

a fe 3 3 Mal. Blatt. vill. p. 78. Dd:

1868 = iB 3; Mons Hel. vi. p. 216. “2D:

1870 ce granulata, Pfr., Semp., Reis. im Arch. Philippin. ii, 3.

py 143; pl. 12, 1.2. pl. 16, 14 Aare

1889 is 5 »» (=zebra, var. granulata, Krs.), von

Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, p. 164.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 195

1890 Achatina granulata, Pfr. (=semigranosa, Pfr.), Smith,A.M.N.H.

Vie ps coll uN:

1897 a drakensbergensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 636. pl. 17,

PY eee JOA

1904, 5 Cochlitoma 5 Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii.

p. LO3= pl. 32,124. DLE

All types in British Museum.

Hab. Natau (coll. Cuming). Karkloof (McBean). Cape Natal

(semigranosa, Plant). Inhluzani (drakensbergensis) ; Durban (Bowker).

All along the coast from Port Shepstone to Tugela and beyond

into Zululand, and at various inland localities as far as Van Reenen’s

Pass; common at Pietermaritzburg (Burnup and Quekett).

CaPeE oF Goop Hope. Pondoland (Beyrich).

380. ACHATINA GREYI, da Costa.

1907 Achatina greyi,da Costa, Proc. Mal. Soe. vii. p.226. pl.20, f.1. DF.

Y “s ovata ee a p. 226. pl.20,£.2. Df’.

= is zebrina _,, . p. 227. pl.20,£.5. D.F’.

* subovata _,, r p. 227. pl.20,£.4. DF’.

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Ruovesta. Salisbury (Miss Weineck).

Described from the South Congo.

Judging from the types, the foregoing names all refer to forms of

one variable species. Examples from Salisbury combine the attri-

butes of two or more of the forms, but are not specifically distinct.

381. ACHATINA IMMACULATA, Lamarck. [S.A.M.]

1821 Helix (Cochlitoma) immaculata, Lam., Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll.

pt. 3. p. 73 (or 69).

1822 Achatinaimmaculata, Lam., Hist. nat.An.s. Vert. vi,2.p.128. D.

1830 2 » -Desh., Encyel. Méth.Vers.ii.p.9. D.

1838 - Ph 3 list) mate An. ss. Vert.) ville

psz95. Ds

1848 - » Krs., Stidafr. Moll. p. 81. N.D.

ip * 3. lef; Mon: Hele pp. 2ok

1851 a », Desh., Hist. Nat. Moll. ii, 2. p. 158.

plat leo Ds.

1859 - 37 Pir; Monwktel sive, ps GO0% 1D:

1879 ‘4 », Gibbons,Journ.ofConch.ii.p.143. N.

1899 es » Smith, Proc. Mal. Soc. iii. p. 309

(Epiphragm.)

196 Annals of the South African Museum.

1899 Achatina immaculata, Lam., Smith, P.Z.S. p. 589. N.

1904-5 oe » Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 50.

ply 1d, f. 35. pl..43; 7. 50. DoF,

1907 Ms , Melv. & Standen, Manchester Me-

moirs, li, 4. p. 12. N.

Type in Geneva Museum.

Hab. Unknown to Lamarck or Férussac.

TRANSVAAL. Barberton (Cregoe). Pietersburg District (Hewson).

Messina (Gordon). Pietpotgietersrust District (Money).

Ruopesia. Bulawayo; Zimbabwe (in coll. Crawford).

Lorenzo Marques. Delagoa Bay (fide Pfeiffer), Inhambane

(Gibbons).

Narvat (Wahlberg). Tugela Valley (Quekett). Durban (in British

Museum).

ZULULAND (in British Museum).

Widely distributed as far north as Nyassaland.

HB. A. Smith (P.Z.S., 1899, p. 589) remarks, “‘ A. layards, Pir.”

(Mal. Blatt. v. 1858, p. 238. D.), “is a variety of this species,

rather more profusely spotted than the type.”

382. ACHATINA INDOTATA, Reeve.

1849 Achatina indotata, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 6, f. 18. DF.

1853 - », Pfr., Mon. Hel. iii. p. 483. D.

1860 Fr ,, von Mts., Die Helic. p. 201. JL.

1904 Cochlitoma indotata ,, Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 83. pl. 6,

i UG. Dua

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carn or Goop Hops. Elim (in coll. Albers, fide von

Martens).

Described as from West Africa (coll. Cuming).

383. ACHATINA JACOBI, da Costa.

1906 Achatina jacobi, da Costa, Proc. Mal. Soe. vii. p. 11. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. MasHonauanpd. Rusape (Morrell).

384, ACHATINA LINTER, Sowerby.

1889 Achatina lintere, Sow., P.Z.S. p. 580. pl. 56, f. 11. DF.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma lintere, Sow., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 102.

ple 29)t..43.) DEE.

Type in Exeter Museum,

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 197

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth, “in drift sand,

extinct’ (Crawford).

385. ACHATINA LIVINGSTONEI, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1897 Achatina livingstonei, M.& P., A.M.N.H. xix. p.636. pl.17,f.6. DP’.

1904 Cochlitoma _,, » Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 104.

ple 14,4. 1. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. British BecHuananANp. Kuruman (Livingstone).

Cape oF Goop Hops. Prieska (Gibbons). Buchu Berg, Hay

District (Gould).

386. ACHATINA MACHACHENSIS, Smith.

1902 Achatina machachensis, Smith, Proc. Mal. Soe. v. p. 169. DP.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma _,, , Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii.

p. Stopl, 4 tie Eke

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Basurouanp. Mount Machacha (Crawshay).

387. ACHATINA NATALENSIS, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M.]

1854 Achatina natalensis, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 294. D.

1859 be Ap , Mon. Hel. iv. p. 602. WD.

1904 Cochlitoma be , Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 102. D.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narau. Port Natal (Plant).

Carze or Goop Horr. Somerset East (Miss Bowker).

TransvaaL. Wakkerstroom (Bowker).

Orance Free Stare. Vredefort Road (Barrett Hamilton).

Lorenzo Marques. Delagoa Bay (Plant).

388. ACHATINA cepIGyRA, Melv. & Pons.

1894 Achatina edigyra, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xiv. p. 92. pl.1, £7. DP.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma edigyra, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvil.

p. 94. pl. 26, £29. Der

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Craigie Burn, Somerset East (Mrs.

Barber).

RuopesiA. Salisbury (in British Museum).

389. ACHATINA PANTHERA (F'érussac). [S.A.M.]

1821 Helix (Cochlitoma) panthera,Fér.,Tabl.Syst.Moll.pt.3.p.53(or49).

1838 Achatina panthera, Fér., Desh., Hist.nat.An.s. Vert.viii.p.309. D.

198 Annals of the South African Museum.

1846 Achatina lamarckiana, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 115. D.

1847 ” 8 5 A MEN xix ps 269: 8D:

1848 a os > Montiel ip: 255: 2D:

_ 59 panthera, Fér., Pfir., Mon. Hel. ii. p. 252. D.

1849 a i 2. iAve.,,Conch. icon, pl. 3; f12.) Dak.

1851 i - » Desh., Hist. Nat. Moll. ii, 2. p. 159.

pl l26; fale, pla W32s f) 1,-2. Dee

13604630, » », Pfr., Conch. Cab. p.327.pl.28,f. 1. DF’.

1879 2 - Pfr., Gibbons, Journ. of Conch. 11. p. 143. N.

a * re Fér., Bgt., Moll. de l’Hgypte, eae NE

1889 = be , von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr.

Berlin, p. 164. N.

1890 " %. » von Mts., bid. p. 86. N.

1894 se ke , Ancey, Mém. Soc. Zool.Fr.vii.p.219. D.

1897 <s a 5, vou Mis.; D:-O!-Airp. 83." iN.

1899 PY 5) Ponoith, PiZ.s.p. 089) pl34, tle aon

es . ng ,, var. minor, Fér., Junod, Bull. Soc.

Vaudoise, xxxv. p. 278. N.

1904-5", S ; Wilsbi, Man. of Conch. xyui sp. 4.

pl. 38, f. 30, 31. pl. 39, f. 32. pl. 62,

f. 22-24. pl. 63, f. 30, 32. D.F.A.R.

Hab. Unknown to Férussac.

TRANSVAAL. Queensriver, near the Victoria Mine, Barberton

District (Schenck). Lebombo Mountains, between Barberton and

Delagoa; Kapaira (Beyrich).

LorENzO Marqures. Inhambane (Gibbons; Bowker). Tette

(Peters; Kirk). Rikatla (Junod).

Ruopesta. Sebakwe (Dodds).

Widely distributed through East and Central Africa and the

islands of the Indian Ocean. A. lamarckiana was described from

Madagascar.

In the South African Museum are two shells of this species,

recorded as from “ Port Elizabeth” (Fairbridge). If the locality

is correct, the specimens were almost certainly introduced.

Pilsbry (1904) includes A. mossambica, Branesik, and A. lechap-

toist, Ancey, in the synonymy.

390. ACHATINA PARTHENIA, Melyv. & Poas. [S.A.M.]

1903 Achatina parthenia, M.&P., A.M.N.H. xi. p.605. pl.32,f.10. DF.

1904 Cochlitoma _,, 3 Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 100.

plata ica8.. | Dee

Type in British Museum,

Feference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 199

Hab. GuuuLann. Lower Umfolosi Drift; Makowe (Burnup).

Ubomba (Toppin).

391. ACHATINA PASSARGEI, von Martens.

1900 Achatina passarger, von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin,

joe DUNS ee Jo

1904 : +3 Die Kalahari, pp. 754, 758 (f. 1).

DP;

_ Pilsb.,Man.ofConch.xvii.p.70. D.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab, Ovamponanp. Sodanna (Passarge).

392. ACHATINA PENESTES, Melv. & Pons.

1893 Achatina penestes, M.& P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 104. pl. 3, f.3. DF.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma penestes, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii.

pel00: pl. 28:2. 40.0 Dak.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. TRANSVAAL. Pretoria (ex coll. Wotton)

393. ACHATINA PENTHERI, Sturany.

1898 Achatina pentheri, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 56. pl. 2, f. 40. DF.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma pentheri, Stur., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 81.

plys0; 4-50: Dae.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Navau. Durban (Penther).

394. AcHATINA RHABDOTA, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1898 Achatina rhabdota, M. & P., A.M.N.H. 1. p. 29. pl. 8, f. 11. DF.

1902 - *; Smith, Proc. Mal. Soc. v. p. 169. N

1904, 5 Cochlitoma rhabdota, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii.

p: 91s pleat, fost, “DEE:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. ‘“Soutu Arrica’”’ (fide M. & P.).

Lirtte NAaMALAND. Port Nolloth (fide Watson).

395. ACHATINA scHVOLA, Melv. & Pons.

1893 Achatina scevola, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 104. pl. 3, £.2. DF.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma scevola, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii.

p98) plies. tel Der.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. NortTHERN TrANsvaaL. Zoutpansberg (Bowker).

200 Annals of the South African Museum.

396. ACHATINA SCHENCKI, von Martens.

1889 Achatina schencki, von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin,

p. 1642 3D:

1894 2) 3 5 Conch: Mitth. 11,3. p: 8; DD:

1899 \s schrenckt i Gude, Journ. of Malae. vii. p. 90.

(Err. typ.)

1904 Cochlitoma schencki n Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 96.

plants Lor,

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Transvaau. ‘ Macmac, near Lyderburg’’ (Schenck, 1886).

Notr.—Macmac is in the Barberton District.

397. ACHATINA SCHINZIANA, Mousson.

1887 Achatina schinziana, Mouss.,J.deC.xxxv. p. 294. pl.12,f£.3. DP.

1889 aa zr Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p.9. WN.

1904 aS a Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 16.

Olly Gai ee) Iara

Type in Zurich Museum.

Hab. Ovampotannd. Ondonga (Schinz). Sodanna (Passarge).

? Lorenzo Marques. Rikatla (Junod).

Nore.—Considerable doubt attaches to more than one of Junod’s

localities, as it appears almost certain that some of the species

mentioned in his article on Delagoa Bay were wrongly identified.

var. DEGENERATA, Bottger.

1910 Achatina schinziana, Mouss., var. degenerata, Bttg., Abh.

Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 447. pl. 28,

EAL Dale

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.

Hab. BrcHuANALAND. Kakir (Schultze).

398. ACHATINA SEMIDECUSSATA, Menke. [S.A.M.]

1846 Achatina semidecussata, Mke., Pfr., Symb. i. p. 91. D.

1847 * 3 hil Abb. uw. Beschr: 2p, 213),

polelGp ls fy hy DAE

1848 ys ») Wes. oudatr, Moll. p: Si, iN:

- ce 7) ete Mion Ele). 11p. 257 ae

1860, 63 Ms Ks » Conch. Cab. p. 336. pl. 2,

ees pee TORE

1889 3 » von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat.

Fr. Berlin, p. 164. JZ.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 201

1904, 5 Cochlitoma semidecussata, ‘‘Mke.” Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of

Conchs xvii. p. 80.. pls 380, f 01-53. DuP:

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. Natau (Menke). Durban (Penther). Tongaat (Burnup).

Malvern (Miss Bowker).

TRANSVAAL. Upper Olifant River, north of Middelburg (fide

von Martens).

399. ACHATINA SIMPLEX, Smith. [S.A.M.]

1878 Achatina simplex, Smith, Quart. Journ. of Conch. i. p. 3850. D.

1904 Cochlitoma ,, » Lilsb., Man. of ‘Conchy xy. p.Je:

peigt 3%. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narau. Port Natal (Sutherland, 1860). Tugela Valley

(fide Quekett). Ladysmith (Burnup).

TRANSVAAL. Between Delagoa Bay and Lydenburg (Wilms, fide

von Martens).

400. ACHATINA SMITHI, Craven.

1880 Achatina smithti, Crvn., P.Z.S. p. 617. pl. 57, f. 1. DF.

1889 r e » Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p.9. N.

1898 FP a >» Stur.; S:Ay Molly pe oieaeN:

1904 Cochlitoma ,, » LPilsb., Man: of (Conch @ xviiy sp. . 01)

pl. 11, £36: DE

Original in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaat. Lydenburg (Craven).

MatTEBILILAND. Maitengue River (Penther, fide Sturany).

401. ACHATINA SUBCYLINDRICA, Preston.

1909 Achatina subcylindrica, Prest., A.M.N.H. iii. p. 182. pl.7,£.8. DF’.

Type in coll. Putzeys.

Hab. Natau (fide Preston).

402. ACHATINA TRANSVAALENSIS, Smith.

1878 Achatina transvaalensis, Smith,Quart.Journ.of Conch.i.p.351. D.

1904 Cochlitoma Ms » Lilsb.,Man.ofConch.xvii.p.99. D.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Lydenburg (in British Museum ; Craven).

403. ACHATINA USTULATA, Lamarck.

1821 Helix (Cochlitoma) ustulata, Lam., Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3.

p. 74 (or 70).

202 Annals of the South African Musewm.

1822 Achatina ustulata, Lam., Hist. nat. An.s. Vert. vi, 2. p. 130. D.

1838 i » Desh., Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. ‘viii.

DD: 201. eD:

1842 ‘3 » Kve., Conch. Syst.i1.p.86 pl.177,f.5. F.

1848 53 > Krs., Sudaire Moll’ p. Si. “ZV.

ks o 5: ) 2Pir:, Monsiteliip: 257. 22D:

1849 53 >, - eikve:,/Conchs Icon: pl. 12,4.40) Da

1851 s » Desh., Hist. Nat. Moll. ii, 2. p. 164.

pl Wasi 2) Dur.

1890 Fr » von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr.

Berlin, p. 88. WN.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma ustulata, Lam., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 89.

pl. 28;£. 38:.pl. 29; i402 DH.

Type in Geneva Museum.

Hab. Unknown to Lamarck or Férussac.

Care oF Goop Hors. George District (Krauss). Knysna (Far-

quhar; Crawford). Pondoland (Beyrich).

Natau. Durban (Penther, fide Sturany).

404. ACHATINA vVARICOSA, Pfeiffer.

1861 Achatina varicosa, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. viii. p. 73. pl. 2, f.7, 8. DF.

1868 BS > Mon. Eel. vi. p: 215; D.

1869 ES » Novit.Conch.iii.p.490.pl.106,f.1,2. DF.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma varicosa, Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 92.

pl. 26, f. 30-33. DF.

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hore. Enon, north of Port Elizabeth

(Hartvig). Grahamstown (Farquhar).

405, ACHATINA vEsTITA, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M.]

1854 Achatina vestita, Pir., P.Z.S. p. 293. D.

= re wa. NoviteConch. i. p. 35. pl. 9, £89. Dan:

1859 rr » Mong Heliy.p: 603. 2.

1890 if , von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin,

p.8ie Ns

1904, 5 Cochlitoma vestita, Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 81.

pl. 80, f. 46-49. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Cape Natal (Plant).

Carpz oF Goop Hops. Pondoland (Beyrich). Port St. John’s

(Shortridge).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 203

ZULULAND. Kosi Bay (Toppin).

Lorenzo Marques. Delagoa Bay (Plant).

406. ACHATINA ZEBRA (Chemnitz). [S.A.M.]

1767 Bulla achatina, var. livida, Lin., Syst. Nat., Ed. 12.i,2.p.1186. D.

TOO Mus * “Tin.,” Born, Test. Mus. Caes. Vind. p. 208.

pl. 10) f, le" ap sep

So: =, % var. livida, Lin., Sparrman, A Voyage to the

Cape of Good Hope, ii. p. 347. N.

1786 ,, zebra, Chem., Conch. Cab. ix, 2. p. 22. pl. 118, f.1014. DF.

188" 5, 3 ~~) Mull., Gmel., Syst Nat; idii32 Ge prota:

1789 Bulimus zebra, Brug., Enc. Méth. Vers, i. p: dor. Dt

1797 Chersina ,, Humph., Mus. Calonn. p. 63. N.

1810 Achatinus zebra, de Roissy, de Montf., Conch. Syst. ii. p. 419.

ple dda, DLE.

1817 Bulla achatina, Lin. (var. 4), Dillw., Deser. Cat. i. p. 495. N.

1822 Achatina zebra, Lam., Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. vi, 2. p. 128. D.

1837 5 borniana, Beck, Index Moll. p. 75. (Hmend. Nom.)

1838 "s zebra, Lam., Desh., Hist. nat. An.s. Vert. vill. p. 295. D.

1840 - », Chem., Kist., Conch. Cab. pl. 2,{.3. Ff.

1842 53 chemnitziana, Pfr., Symb. ii. p. 1382. (Hmend.)

ie zebra, Chem., Rve., Conch. Syst. 1i. p. 88. pl.179,f.17. F.

1848 i - » (=chemnitziana), Pfr., Mon. Hel. ii.

p. 250. D.

* ie » Lam., Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 80. JD.

1849 ie », Chem., Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 7, f. 23. DF.

1851 cs » Lam., Desh., Hist. Nat. Moll. ii, 2. p. 156. pl. 133.

IDI

1853 ie » Chem., Pfr., Mon. Hel. iii. p. 482. Varr.

1857 2 . . ,», Conch. Cab. p. 291. pl. 23 (1853),

eal We BY

1860 a * Es (cum var. borniana, Beck), von Mts.,

Die Helic. pp. 203, 204. DN.

- - capensis, Alb., von Mts., Die Helic. p. 203. N.

1868 si zebra, Chem., var. borniana, Beck, Pfr., Mon. Hel. vi.

p22. Dp:

1870 “ a: » semp., Reis. im Arch. Philippin. ii, 3.

p. 144. pl. 12, f. 22. Embryo.

1890 - i 5 smoth; As MeENPEM vit p.is92-. Ne

1898 < » rug. Motiae:,) Proc. Mal’ Soe: ii, p79!

1902 - », Chem., Smith, Proc. Mal. Soc. v. p. 169. N.

204 Annals of the South African Museum.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma zebra, Brug., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 85.

pl. 28, f£. 39. pl. 64, f. 67. DF. & Hmbryo.

Type—wubi 2

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops (capensis, in coll. Albers). Sitsicamma

(Sparrman). George and Uitenhage Districts (Krauss). Caffraria

(Delalande; borniana, fide Beck). Port Elizabeth; Alexandria ;

Mossel Bay; Grahamstown (Crawford). Lovedale; Pirie Forest ;

Kast London (Godfrey). Alicedale (Pillens). Toise River, Cathcart

(Mrs. Gore). Stutterheim (French). Knysna (Purcell).

Cape PrentnsuLa. Camps Bay (Dale; Morris).

var, FULGURATA, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M. ]

1851 Achatina fulgurata, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 258. D.

1853 4 jaeblon., Elels iui tp.486.) 2.

1854 ‘5 oO AEN EL xiii ay. iD):

1860, 63 Ms 3 Conch) Cab. padi. pl 26h. lessee.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma fulgurata, Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 85.

pls Atte 34. ADUE

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goon Horr. Somerset Hast (Miss Bowker).

Grahamstown ; Kowie (Farquhar).

Described as from ‘‘ West Africa” (coll. Cuming).

var. GRANULATA, Krauss.

1848 Achatina zebra, Lam., var.granulata, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p.80. D.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma granulata, Krs. (= granulata, Pfr.), Pilsb., Man.

of Coneh, xvil.p. 79) pl. 2950, 44. “Di.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab, Carr or Goop Horr. Onteniqua, George District (Krauss).

Natat (Wahlberg, fide Krauss).

var. KRAUSSI, Reeve.

1842 Achatina kransvu, Rve., P.Z.S. p. 55. D.

i Fi a speComchs oyst..11..p: 88: pl: 179, 1.19) a

1848 2 kraussi ,, Pir., Mon. Hel. ii. p. 250. D.

Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 81. DN.

1849 ae krauss, -;, Conch leon. pl. 6, £21, Dar:

1860 a ,, Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 329. pl. 23 (1853),

igen IDOE

1890 - fs » von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr.

Berlin, p. 87. WN.

1898 i ‘ tur sA. Moll, bo; NE

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 205

1898 Achatina zebra, Brug., var. kraussi, Rve., M. & P., Proc. Mal.

Soe. ili. p. 179.

1904, 5 Cochlitoma kraussi, Rve., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 87.

plo1G, £10, 11. pl. QandO

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops. Coega River, Algoa Bay (Krauss).

Reeve’s original name and loc., Cape Natal (Krans, in coll.

Cuming), are incorrect.

Crawford, in locating this shell from Coega (loc. sol.), writes: “I

consider this a species, and have not seen it from anywhere else.

The form is different from A. zebra, and can be intimated from

colourless shells.”’

var. MINOR, Pfeiffer.

1853 Achatina zebra, Chem., var. minor, Pfr., Mon. Hel. iii. p. 482. N.

1857 % 5s 7 ,», Conch. Cab. p. 292. pl. 23

(1853) at. t. SNCE

Hab. “ Mapacascar and Cape” (Krauss).

var. OBESA, Pfeiffer.

21851 Helix zebra, Fér., Desh., Hist. Nat. Moll. pl. 133, middle figure.

1854 Achatina obesa, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. i. p. 224. D.

1859 - » Mon. Hellaiv. ps:600) 2:

1890 5; ,, ‘probably only a stunted form of zebra,”

Smith, A. M.N Hvis p.a93. JNe

1904, 5 Cochlitoma zebra, Fér., var. obesa, Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of Conch.

KVil, P. Of. Pl. Al, t. a0...

Type in Stettin Museum.

Hab, Care or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth District (Crawford).

Originally described as from West Africa.

407. ACHATINA ZEBRULA, von Martens.

1900 Achatina zebrula,von Mts.,Sitz.-Ber.Ges.Nat.Fr.Berlin,p.118. D.

1904 Cochlitoma ,, - Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p.90. D.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Transvaan. Between Delagoa and Lydenburg (Wilms).

Genus CAICILIOIDES, Férussac? 1817.

(de Blainv., Dict. Sci, Nat. v. Suppl. p. 129, as Ceclionides, and vii. p. 332, as

Cécilioide, emend. Herrmannsen, 1846, Indicis Generum Malae. i p. 150)

(= Cacilionella, Bgt., 1856.)

206 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Type of Genus, C. acicula (Miill.).

408. Cascinioipes acicua (Miller). [S.A.M. ]

1774 Buccinwm acicula, Miull., Verm. ii. p. 150. D.

1798 ee longiusculum, Adams, Essays on the Microscope,

p. 630. pl. 14, f. 26. DF.

1801 . obtusulum, Turt., Syst. Nat. (English Ed.),iv.p.416. D.

1803 a terrestre, Mont., Test. Brit. i. p. 248. pl. 8,£.3. DF’.

1805 Bulimus acicula, Mill., Drap., Hist. Moll. Fr. p. 75. pl. 4,£.25. DL’.

1821 * » C. Pfr., Syst. Anordn. deutsch. L.-u.

W.-Schn. prolsply 3; feo, aasee

1826 Achatina eburnea, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. mérid. iv. p. 81. D.

1827 a alba, Brown, Illustr. Brit. Conch. pl. 41, f. 80. £.

1828 Re acicula, Mill., Flem., Hist. Brit. An. p. 267. D.

1831 sf haa Turton, Manual, p. 89. D.

1832 Galas miliaris, de Christ. & Jan, Cat. Mantissa, p. 2. D.

1833 Cionella acicula, Mill., Jeffr., Linn. Trans. xvi. p. 348. D.

1836 Achatina pusilla, Scacchi, Cat. Conch. Reg. Neapol. p. 16.

1847 Acicula pellucida, Leach in Gray, A.M.N.H. xx. p. 269.

1848 Achatina acicula, Miull., Pfr., Mon. Hel. 11. p. 274. D.

1856 Cectlionella acicula, Mill., Bgt., Rev. et Mag. Zool. p. 382. D.

%» %9 % A », Amén. malac. i. p. 215. pl. 18,

f.1-3. DF.

1862 Achatina acicula, Miull., Jeffr., Brit. Conch. i. p. 297. pl. 7, f. 18-

Zi wand) y (1869). pl. 18,293), DEE

1863 3 ,, Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 352. pl. 29 (1865),

jig EU dis ea ION

1908 Cectliordes acicula ,, Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xx. p. 9. pl. 1,

f. 1-10, 18, 14, 16-18. D.F.

Original of acicula in University Zool. Mus. Copenhagen.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Cradock (in coll. Ponsonby). Wyn-

berg (Connolly). Prieska (Gibbons; Gould).

GRIQUALAND West. Kimberley (Miss Wilman).

TRANSVAAL. Pietpotgietersrust (Connolly).

OrANGE FREE State. Bloemfontein (Connolly).

409. CHCILIOIDES ADVENA (Ancey).

1888 Cecilianella advena, Ancey, Le Naturaliste, x. p. 215. D.

1908 Cecilioides SF » Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xx. p. 35. D.

Type—ubi ?

Hab. Ovampeouannd. Disappointment Vlei (Andersson & Chap-

man).

Feference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 207

Ancey’s locality, ‘‘ Disappointment Key,” is probably a slip. On

labels in the Layard collection the spelling is Disappointment Vlei,

which for many reasons seems the more likely name.

410. CmCILIOIDES GOKWEANUS (Bottger).

1870 Cionella gokweana, Bttg., Ber. Offenbach. Ver. f. Naturk. xi.

pA pl eos DL:

,, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frank-

furb; Xkx. pate, SN.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.

Hab. BECHUANALAND. Sub-fossil at the Gokwe River, near 22°

S. lat. and 28° EH. long. (Hiibner).

TRANSVAAL. Pienaars Poort (Connolly).

1910 3

411. CamcILioipEs OvAMpoeENsIs (Melv. & Pons.).

1892 Cionella ovampoensis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 91. pl.6,f.1. DF.

1898 a (Cecilionella) ovampoensis, M. & P., Stur., S.A. Moll.

peo2. -N-

1908 Cecilioides ovampoensis, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch, xx.

peeo. pled, f52. Dur.

1910 Cecilianella ovampoensis, M. & P., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxu. p. 448. WN.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. OvAMpouann (in coll. Layard).

Lorenzo Marques. Matolla (Penther).

After examination with a strong lens, I am unable to find any

specific difference between the type set of this species and examples

from Pietpotgietersrust, which appear to be acicula (Mill.).

As advena, Ancey, and ovampoensis, M. & P., were founded on

shells gathered by the same collectors in the same locality, the two

species are in all probability identical, but it has not been possible to

compare the types.

SuB-FamMity STENOGYRIN A, Fischer, 1883.

(Man. de Conch. p. 486.)

Genus CURVELLA, Chaper, 1885.

(Bull. Soc. Zool. de France, x. pp. 48, 49.)

(= Hapalus, Albers, 1850, nec Billberg, 1820.)

Type of Genus, C. sulcata, Chaper.

208 Annals of the South African Museum.

412. CuRVELLA CALOGLYPTA, Melv. & Pons.

1901 Curvella caloglypta, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p.320. pl. 2,£.12. D.F.

1906 - 3, eulsb., Mian: of Conch: sxvilis p09):

ple 6) 4. 220 Dak.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

413. CURVELLA CATARRACT (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1897 Hapalus catarracte, M.& P., A.M.N.H.xix.p.635.pl.17,£.4. DF.

1906 Curvella Bs ,, Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 59.

pl. 8, f. 23. DF.

1910 A es > Conn, A. MON. Evie p>: 208). Ne

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nara. Howick; Equeefa (Burnup). Durban (Penther).

Cape oF Goop Horr. Pirie River (Godfrey).

414. CurveLiA crostyt, Burnup.

1905 Curvella croslyi, Bup., Proc. Mal. Soe. vi. p. 302. pl. 16,£.3,4. DF’.

1906 a ;» Pilsb:, Man. of Conch: xvii poo) ply s:

Pel 23.0 DaEE

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zoututanpd. Makowe (Crosly).

415. CURVELLA ELEVATA, Burnup.

1905 Curvella elevata, Bnp., Proc. Mal. Soc. vi. p. 304. pl. 16, f. 10,

IL DEE

1906 “ » Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 60. pl. 8,

£29" 304 DRE

1910 >» Coun. od, MEN EL) viep. 269, 7.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Care or Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Farquhar).

416. CurveLLA GLoBosa (Mely. & Pons.).

1898 Hapalus globosus, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ii. p. 128. pl. 7, £.6. DF.

1906 Curvella globosa cs Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 61.

jo Boh iis Eanee 2 op

1910 - 3 Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 268. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nara. Stella Bush (Burnup).

Carpe oF Goop Hors. York Drakensberg, Griqualand East

(Farquhar).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 209

417. CURVELLA MAJUBANA, Connolly.

1910 Curvella majubana, Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 270. pl. 6, £.13. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Majuba (Connolly).

418. CuRVELLA MoDESTA, Connolly.

1910 Curvella modesta, Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 271. pl. 6,f.15. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carre oF Goop Horr. Grahamstown ; Cradock (Farquhar).

419. CURVELLA SAUNDERS, Connolly. [S.A.M.]

1910 Curvella saunderse, Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 270. pl. 6, f. 14. DF’.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zunvuwtanv. Eshowe (Lady Saunders).

420. CurRVELLA sINuosA, Melv. & Pons.

1899 Curvella sinuosa, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p.198. pl. 3,f.12. DP.

1906 - » » Pilsb.;, Mang of), Conch: savin so G6l

pl. 8) i 325 Dae:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natau. Umkomaas (Burnup).

421, CURVELLA STRAMINEA, Burnup. [S.A.M.]

1905 Curvella straminea, Bnp.,Proc.Mal.Soc.vi.p.303.pl.16,f.5,6. DF’.

1906 + , Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 62. pl. 8,

fdOo ts «DOSE

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carg or Goop Horr. Walmer (Miss Hickey).

429. CURVELLA SUCCINEA, Burnup.

1905 Curvella succinea, Bnp., Proc. Mal. Soe. vi. p.303. pl.16,f.7,8. DF’.

1906 = ,, Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 62. pl. 8,

£38, 398" DOLE.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Maestr6m Forest, Bedford (Far-

quhar).

Genus HYPOLYSIA, Melvill & Ponsonby, 1901.

(A.M.N.H. viii. p. 318.)

Type of Genus, H. florentia, M. & P,

210 Annals of the South African Museum.

423. HypouysiIA FLORENTIZ, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1901 Hypolysia florentia, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p.318. pl.2,£.8. DF’.

1903 if a +o xii. p. 596. pl. 32,f.13. F.

1906 a » Pilsb,, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 37.

ple 10S f166,,67. “Dsr*

1910 o ~~ Conn; ASMEN JE vip. 271 AN:

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Navan. Durban (Burnup).

Widely distributed over the South-Eastern province of the Capr

oF Goop Horr from Grahamstown, East London, and Port Elizabeth,

through Narat to Eshowe in ZULULAND.

TRANSVAAL. Rustenberg District (McBean).

A very variable form, which will probably be found to embrace

more than one species when larger series are available for com-

parison.

Genus SUBULINA, Beck, 1837.

(Index Moll. p. 76, and Pilsb., 1906, Man. of Conch., xviii. p. 71.)

Type of Genus, S. octona (Brug.).

424. SUBULINA MAMILLATA (Craven). [S.A.M.]

1880 Achatina mamillata, Crvn., P.Z.S. p. 215. pl. 22, f. 8. DF.

1907 Opeas mamillata, Crvn., Dixey & Longstaff, Trans. Entom. Soe.

Deis olee i

Type in British Museum,

Hab. Ruopesta. Victoria Falls (Dixey & Longstaff).

Described from Nossi Bé, and also known from Magila.

Quite distinct from the next species, in whose synonymy Pilsbry

has placed it.

425, SuBULINA ocTona (Bruguieére). [sree]

1786 Helix octona Indie Occidentalis, Chem., Conch. Cab. ix, 2.

pe l90!) plo s65t. 1264, | DE

1792 Bulimus octonus, Brug., Eneycl. Méth. Vers, i. p. 325. D.

1817 Achatina crotallaria, Schumacher, Essai d’un nouv. Syst. Vers

Test. p. 202. D.

1831 m octona, Lam., Turton, Manual, p. 90. D.

1838 Bulime octonus, Brug., Desh., Hist. nat.An.s. Vert. vil. p. 233. D.

1839 Achatina novenaria, Anton, Verz. Conch. Sammi. p. 44.

1842 ES trochlea, Pfr., Symb. ii p. 59. D.

1849 53 octona, Chem., Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 17, f. 84. DF.

1854 Subulina octona, Chem., H.&A.Ad.,Gen.rec.MolLiii.pl.71,f.3a. F’.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 211

1863 Achatina octona, Chem., Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 342. pl. 37 (1865),

£519, 2097 Dei.

1368 5 ¥ ,, Morel., Voy. Welwitsch, Moll. p. 80.

pl Gy i.5:. Nek

1897 Suwbulina octona, Chem., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 123. N.

1906 PA Brug., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. pp. 73, 222.

pl.12,f.8, 9, 11, 12. pl. 39, £.28-37, 39,40. DF.

1907 Opeas octona, Chem., Dixey & Longstaff, Trans. Entom. Soe.

puool. LL,

Type—uwbi ?

Hab. RuopeEsiA. Rain Forest, Victoria Falls (Dixey & Long-

staff).

An American species, introduced into nearly every part of the

globe. Pilsbry’s synonymy is chiefly followed above.

426. SUBULINA VITREA, Mousson.

1887 Stenogyra (Subulina) vitrea, Mouss., J. de C. xxxv. p. 296.

ple 125176: Dae:

1892 * chapmani, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 90. pl. 6, £.3. DP.

1906 Subulina vitrea, Mouss., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 94.

pila) tao0 8 20s

a A chapmant, M. & P., Pilsb., ibid. p. 92. pl. 14, f. 46. DF.

1910 5s vitrea, Mouss. (=chapmani, M. & P.), Bttg., Abh.

Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxx. p. 148. N.

Type of chapmani in British Museum ; vitrea in Zurich Museum.

Hab. OvampouaNnd (chapmani, Chapman). Ku-Ganab, south-

east of Ondonga (vitrea, Schinz).

Judging from the figures and descriptions, Bottger seems to have

good reason for uniting the above-mentioned species, which came

from the same district.

GreNus OPEAS, Albers, 1850.

(Die Helic. p. 175.)

Type of Genus, O. subula, Pir. (gracile, Hutt.).

427. OPEAS CRAWFORD! (Melv. & Pons.).

1893 Stenogyra crawfordi, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p.105. pl.3,f.4. DP.

1906 Opeas crawfordi, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 149.

plilo, fv4e ee

1910 ss -f Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 265. WN.

212 Annals of the South African Musewn.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops. Van Staaden’s River (Crawford).

428. OPEAS DURBANENSE, Sturany.

1898 Opeas durbanense, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 61. pl. 2, f. 42-44. DF’.

1906 6 »: Lilsb., Man.coi Conch. xvi. yor 249:

pl lowieeio, ios “DUE

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Navan, Durban (Penther).

Founded on a single specimen.

429. OPEAS EULIMOIDE (Preston).

1909 Subulina eulimoides, Prest., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 499. DP’.

1910 Opeas eulimoide, Prest., Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 267. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan, Howick (Cregoe).

430. OprEaAs LEPIpuUM, Connolly. [S.A.M.]

1910 Opeas lepidum, Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 267. pl. 6, £.12. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carz or Goop Horr. Fern Kloof, Grahamstown (Far-

quhar). Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

431. OPEAS MCBEANI, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Opeas mcbean, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 604. pl. 31, £. 8. DF.

1906 = i Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 150.

le LO, Eilts = Oe

1910 a <5 Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 266. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Boksburg (McBean, per Burnup). Hennop’s

River (Connolly). Middelburg (in coll. Ponsonby).

432. OPEAS STRIGILE (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1901 Subulina strigilis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p. 318. pl. 2, £.7. DP.

1906 Opeas strigilis, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 150.

pl. Lo, t192. wen

1910") 5° siregile; Mi. & (Ps iConn., AMIN El. visio. 26650 eNe

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Karkloof Bush (McBean). Dargle; Edendale ;

Pietermaritzburg ; Hnon Bush, Richmond; Hilton Road (Burnup).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 218

433. OPEAS SUBLINEARE, Bottger. [S.A.M.]

1910 Opeas sublinearis, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frank-

furt, xxxil. p. 448. pl. 28, f.14. DF.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.

Hab. Lirttn Namatanp. Muishond (Schultze). Henkries

(Lightfoot).

GRIQUALAND West. Modder River (Miss Wilman).

434. OPEAS TUGELENSE (Melv. & Pons.).

1897 Subulina tugelensis,M.& P., A.M.N.H. xix. p.637. pl.17,£.9. DP’.

1906 Opeas tugelensis, M. & P., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 150.

joe hs) yey (hoe od OLIeIe

1910 ,, tugelense, M. & P., Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 266. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. Lower Tugela River; Tongaat; Pinetown;

Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

LorENzZo Marques. Delagoa Bay (Connolly).

Genus EUONYMA, Melv. & Pons., 1896.

(A.M.N.H. xviii. p. 316, and Pilsb., 1906, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 38.)

Type of Genus, Huonyma leocochlis, M. & P.

435. Evonyma cacuminaTA (Melv. & Pons.).

1892 Stenogyra cacuminata, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ix. p.85. pl.6,f. 2. DP.

1906 Huonyma x - Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 42.

pl 10; ta ikelan (ae Den

1910 . ‘ », Conny, AMMEN GEE vis py 2008 wNG

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Bedford (Farquhar).

436. EuoNYMA CRYSTALLINA (Melv. & Pons.). [8.A.M.]

1896 Subulina crystallina, M.& P.,A.M.N.H.xviii.p.316.pl.16,f.4. DP.

1906 Huonyma i » Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 45.

pl. 1O;teel LORE.

1910 a He » Conn AMEN VEL vip: 250..9NE

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup). Widely distributed

throughout Natal.

ZULULAND. Hshowe (Lady Saunders).

Carpe oF Goop Horr. King Williamstown (Godfrey). Widely

distributed in the Eastern Province.

214 Annals of the South African Musewm.

On account of its small size, it might be advisable to transfer the

present species to Opeas, together with linearis, Krs., and pveters-

burgensis, Preston.

437. HUONYMA GOULDI, sp. nov., pl. 2, f. 7. [S.A.M.]

Shell elongate, turriform, subrimate, olivaceous, thin, slightly

glossy, semi-transparent. Spire produced, acute, apex bluntly

rounded. Whorls 10, gradually increasing, becoming less convex

as they grow in size; the first two smooth, remainder closely

covered with faint, almost straight striae, parallel to the slant of the

outer lip. Suture well defined, but not deep. Aperture short, ovate,

rounded at base. Peristome thin, simple. Outer lip curved out-

wards, slightly receding in an almost straight line to the base of the

shell. Columella concave, margin very narrowly reflexed, forming a

small rima. Shell 19°5x 5:1; apert. 4:3 x 2:2; last whorl 7-1 mm.

Type in South African Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Prieska (Gould; van der Merve).

In all the specimens I have seen the sides of the spire are slightly

convex about the sixth whorl.

Quite unlike any neighbouring species ; pruizenensis, Conn., which

resembles it in form, has curved, instead of straight, striation.

438. HuonyMA LHococuHLIs (Melv. & Pons.).

1896 Subulina leocochlis, M.& P., A.M.N.H. xviii. p.316. pl.16,£.3. DF.

1898 Huonyma leocochlis ,, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 62. (rr. typ.)

1906 s leocochlis ,, Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 39.

pl. L0-f 6S. DE.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Humansdorp, St. Francis Bay (Fraser).

439. HUONYMA LANCEOLATA (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M. ]

1854 Bulimus lanceolatus, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 292. D.

1857 A micans, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. iv. p. 156. D.

1859 35 , » Mon. Hel. iv. p. 452. D.

ra a lanceolatus, Pfr., Mon. Hel. iv. p. 455. D.

1906 Huonyma lanceolata, Pfr., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p.40. DN.

1910 La » Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. pp. 260,261. NP.

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Cape Natal (Plant). Pietermaritzburg ; Karkloof

(Burnup).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 215

ZvuLULAND (in British Museum).

Lorenzo Marques. Delagoa Bay (in British Museum).

440. EKuoNyMA LINEARIS (Krauss).

1848 Bulimus linearis, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 78. pl. 5, £.3. DF.

” 0 » Pir, Mon. Helispylone 2:

1856 ¥3 +9 ,, Conch. Cab. p. 257. pl. 69 (1855),

f.15-17. D.F.

1898 Opeas lineare, Krs., Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 61. N.

1906 Huonyma linearis, Krs., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 44.

pl. 10) 419530) 2D Ee

1910 : ,, - Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 252. pl. 6, f. 4.

DENG:

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. ? TrRansvaau. Mount Mohapaani, on the Limpopo (Wahlberg).

Not B. linearis, Rve., 1850, nor O. lineare, Stur., 1898.

Many different species have been attributed by various authorities

to EH. linearis. Morelet’s loc., Port Elizabeth, is almost certainly

wrong, while Reeve and Sturany appear to have regarded the then un-

described Hypolysia florentia, M. & P., as typical of Krauss’ species ;

an error also followed by Preston (A.M.N.H. iv, 1909, p. 499).

Craven’s locs., Lydenburg, Transvaal, and Winburg, O.F'S., require

further substantiation.

441. HuoNyMA LYMNE#FORMIS (Mely. & Pons.).

1901 Obeliscus lymneeformis, M.& P.,A.M.N.H.viii.p.317 pl.2,f.5. DF.

1906 Huonyma be ,», Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 39.

PLO PE sGge Diet

1910 . 7: » Conn. AMENTEe vie pe. 260. Ni

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natrau. Karkloof Bush (McBean).

Founded on two specimens; no more have occurred.

442, EHUONYMA NATALENSIS (Burnup). [S.A.M.]

1905 Obeliscus natalensis, Bnp., Proc. Mal. Soc.vi. p.304. pl.16,f.9. DF.

1906 Huonyma a ,», Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. pp. 41, 339.

pl. LO}f. 72: pl: spt, 12432 DD aNee.

1910 . ie * Conn,, A MeNGEE viz p: 201s

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narau, Umbogintwini; Pietermaritzburg ; Equeefa ; Table

Mountain (Burnup).

216 Annals of the South African Museum.

443. HUONYMA PIETERSBURGENSIS (Preston).

1909 Subulina pietersburgensis, Prest., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 499. DL’.

1910 Huonyma <3 » Conn.,A.M.N.H.vi. p. 254. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Transvaau. Pietersburg (fide Preston).

var. LEVIS, Connolly. [S.A.M.]

1910 Huonyma pietersburgensis, Prest., var. levis, Conn., A.M.N.H.

Vip 200. ple 6, £8.) 507

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Buis Kop; Pienaar’s Poort; Pietpotgieters-

rust (Connolly). Zoutpansberg (Cregoe).

444. Kuonyma puatyacmeE, Melyv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1907 Huonyma platyacme, M.& P., A.M.N.H. xix. p. 101. pl.6,£.15. DF’.

» Stenogyra beckert, Fulton, A.M.N.H. xix. p. 154. pl. 10, f. 7. DP.

1910 Huonyma platyacme, M. & P. (=beckerit, Fulton), Conn.,

A MONGEL va. p, 259) IN:

Both types in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Kei Road Bush (Miss Hickey).

Pondoland (beckeri, Becker). Hog’s-back Mountain, Queenstown

(Farquhar). Pirie Iorest (Godfrey).

445, HUONYMA PRUIZENENSIS, Connolly. [S.A.M.]

1910 Huonyma pruizenensis, Conn., A.M.N.H. vi.p.261.pl.6,f.11. DP.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nortuern Transvaau. Pruizen; Pietpotgietersrust (Con-

noliy).

446. EHvoNYMA PURCELLI (Melv. & Pons.). iS aae is

1901 Subulina purcell, M. & P., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 317. pl. 2,f.6. DP.

1906 Huonyma 3 Re Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 42.

DELO sto fo; DUE

1910 ” i " Conn. AMON. Hl. vi. p. 209. VN.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. CarprE or Goop Horr. Houw Hoek, Caledon Division

(Purcell ; Lightfoot).

Described from an immature specimen ; the adult shell attains a

length of 25 mm.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 217

447, HuonyMA siniqua, Connolly.

1910 Huonyma siliqua, Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 262. pl. 6,£.10. DF.

Type in British Museum,

Hab. Natrau. O.R.C. Junction Station (Connolly).

448. EUONYMA STANDERI, Connolly.

1910 Huonyma standeri, Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 264. pl. 6,f.9. DF’.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. TRANsvAAL. Stander’s Kop (Connolly).

449, HUONYMA TURRIFORMIS (Krauss). (S.A.M.]

1848 Bulimus turriformis, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 78. pl. 5, £.2. DF.

if re » Pir., Zeitsehr ft, Malak-vap. 121." 2:

1853 . » » Mion. Helvimeqns925 2D.

1898 Opeas turriforme, Krs., Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 60. N.

1906 Huonyma turriformis, Krs., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 43.

pl lO ts ig eo

1910 a: » Conn,, ASME INGE var p:) 256.plyG:

lige Lae DINE a8

OHH: 7 ; . vii.p.224, (Hmend.)

Not Bulimus turriformis, Reeve, 1850.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Navat (Wahlberg). Widely distributed.

Carre or Goop Hops. Port Elizabeth (Crawford). Kowie (Penther).

Port St. John’s (Shortridge). Grahamstown (var., Farquhar).

Craven’s loc., Lydenburg, probably refers to another species.

var. acus, Morelet.

1889 Stenogyra acus, Morel., J. de C. xxxvil. p. 8. pl. 1, f.6. DF.

1896 Subulina glaucocyanea, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xvii. p. 317. pl. 16,

eae JD) ih,

1906 Euonyma acus, Morel., Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 40.

pl LOF f. 10s Die.

re a glaucocyanea, M.& P.,Pilsb.,2bid.,p.43.pl.10,f.76. DF.

1910 r turriformis, Krs., var. acus, Morel. (= glaucocyanea,

M.&P.),Conn., A.M.N.H. vi.p.257.p1.6,£.2. DNF.

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Cart or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Crawford; Fraser).

218 Annals of the South African Musewm.

var. SARISSA, Pilsbry.

1906 Huonyma turrifornis sarissa, Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 44.

. pl. 10, £84, 85. — DF:

1910 és ,, Conn.,A.M.N.H.vi.p.258. N.

Type in Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia.

Hab. Natau (Cassin).

450, HuoNyMA UNICORNIS, Connolly. [S.A.M.]

1910 Huonyma wricornis, Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 265. pl. 6, f. 3. DF’.

Type in coll. Connolly.

Hab, TRansvAaL. Schanz Kop, Pretoria (Connolly). Potchef-

stroom (Miss Livingston).

CargE oF Goop Hope. Cradock (var., Farquhar).

ORANGE FREE State. Bloemfontein (var., Connolly).

451, Huonyma varia, Connolly. [S.A.M.]

1910 Huonyma varia, Conn., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 263. pl. 6, f.5-7. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Pienaar’s Poort ; Pretoria District (Connolly).

Potchefstroom (Miss Cachet). Zoutpansberg (var., Cregoe).

Genus ZOOTECUS, Westerlund, 1887.

(Fauna Palearct. Reg. iii. pp. 3, 75.)

(= Chilogymnus, Jousseaume, 1894.)

Type of Genus, Z. ansularis (Ehrnb.).

452. ZOOTECUS EULIMOIDES (Gray).

1838 Bulimus eulimoide, Gray, Alexander’s Expedition, ii. p. 269. D.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Great Namauanp. Near Great Fish River (Alexander).

453. ZooTEcUS NAMIBICUS (Bottger).

1910 Hna (Hburnea) namibica, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxx. p. 444. pl. 28, f. 10. DF.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.

Hab. DamarauanD. 140 kilom.inland from Swakopmund (Rintelen).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 219

Sus-Faminty CAALIAXINAS, Pilsbry, 1904.

(Man. of Conch. xvi. p. 194.)

Genus CGELIAXIS, Adams & Angas, 1865.

(P.Z.8. p. 54.)

(= Bathyaxis, Ancey, 1887, and Sphalerostoma, Girard, 1892.)

Type of Genus, C. layardi, Ad. & Ang.

454, Ca@iaxis LAyarpr, Adams & Angas. [S.A.M.]

1865 Subulina (Celiaxis) layardi, Ad. & Ang.,P.Z.S: p:54. pl.2,f.1. DP.

1868 Bulimus layardi, Ad. & Ang., Pfr., Mon. Hel. vi. p. 95. D.

1881 Celiaxis _,, Angas, Layard, P.Z.S. p. 839. N.

1892 Sphalerostoma layardi, Ad. & Ang., Girard, Jorn. de Sci. Lisbon,

li. p. 245. ND.

1893 . s . PE 2 fT an 0) Fal Ean gts cle

1901 Bathyaxis

1906 Celiaxis

e ” Ancey,J.deC. xlix. p. 223. N.

nA s Pilsb., Man. of Conch. xviii.

p. 337. pl.49,f.11-14. D.F.

Type—wbi ?

Hab. Care or Goop Horr (fide Adams & Angas). Tharfield

(Layard). Kowie (Bowker). Port Alfred; East London (Farquhar).

Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

TRANSVAAL. Traces of this, or of a larger, possibly extinct, species

have been found at Pienaar’s Poort (Connolly).

TRIBE ELASMOGNATHA, Morch, 1863.

(Vidensk. Med. Naturh. Forenh. Copenhagen, p. 267.)

Famity SUCCINEIDAL, Tryon, 1866.

(Amer. Journ. of Conch. ii. p. 222, as Succinidee, emend. Fischer, 1874, J. de C.

xxli. p. 137.)

Genus SUCCINEA, Draparnaud, 1801.

(Tabl. Moll. Fr. p. 32.)

Type of Genus, S. amphibia, Drap. (putris, Lin.).

455. SuUCCINEA AFRICANA, Krauss.

1848 Succineaamphibia, Drap.,var.africana, Krs.,Siidafr.Moll.p.73. N.

1856 » africana, Krs., Rgt., Rev. et Mag. Zool. p. 11. N.

220 Annals of the South African Museum.

1856 Succinea africana, Krs., Bgt., Amén. malac. i. p. 136. N.

1909 be th Bgt., Kob., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 74.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. TRransvaau. River Limpopo (Wahlberg).

Nore.—The reference to Bourguignat’s Amén. malac., quoted

above, and for succeeding species of Succinea, is a reprint from

the Rey. et Mag. Zool. for the same year. I omit the latter in the

following pages.

456. SuCCINEA ARBORICOLA, nom, mut.

1887 Succinea arborea, Mousson, J. de C. xxxv. p. 297. pl. 12, f. 7. DF.

1904 b _ von Mts., Die Kalahari, p. 756. N.

Type in Zurich Museum.

Hab. BrcoHuaNnauann. ‘“ Kalaruri’’ (= Kalahari) (Schinz). Lake

Ngami; Okavango marshes; MHardekol Drift, Botletle River

(Passarge).

As Mousson’s name must yield priority to S. arborea, Adams &

Angas, 1863 (P.Z.S. p. 523), from South Australia, a new name is

necessary for the present species.

457. SuccINEA BOWKERI, Melv. & Pons.

1893 Succinea bowker1, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 110. pl. 3,£.18. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. Malvern (Bowker).

Probably identical with S. striata, Krs.; it has not been possible,

however, to compare the types.

458. SuccINEA CONNOLLYI, Preston. [S.A.M.]

1907 Succinea ? badia, Morel., Dixey & Longstaff, Trans. Entom. Soe.

pe oOle ANE

1912 vs connollyi, Prest., A.M.N.H. ix. p. 445. DF.

Type in coll. Preston.

Hab. RuopeEsiaA. Rain Forest, Victoria Falls (Dixey & Longstaff;

Connolly, &ce.).

This is in all probability the species referred to in 1907 by Dixey

and Longstaff, who remark, ‘“‘ Very near S. putris, Linn.”

459. SUCCINEA DAKAENSIS, Sturany.

1898 Succinea dakaénsis, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 72. pl. 3, £.52-54. DF’.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab, Ruoprsia. Daka River (Penther).

fieference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca, 221

460. SuccINEA DELALANDEI, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M.]

1821 Helix (Cochlohydra) elongata, var. y, Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3.

p. 31 (or 27). L., and Hist. Nat. Moll. pl. 11a, f.11. F.

1851 Succinea delalandii, Ptr., Zeitschr. f. Malak. viii. p. 28. D.

1853 s delalandei ,, Mon. Hel. iii. p. 11. D.

1S 9225 Sen 7 ,», Conch, Cab. p. 37. pl. 3, f. 388-40. DF.

1856 = delalandii ,, Bgt., Amén. malac. i. p. 135. D.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Carr or Goop Hope. “ Prés des marais salés”’ (Delalande).

Cape Peninsuna. ‘“ Baszaarms”’ (Baas Harman’s) Kraal (Benson).

Hout Bay; Seekoe Vlei; Maitland (Connolly).

British BecHuaNnaLanp. Kuruman (Layard).

TRANSVAAL. Oliphants River (fide Craven).

var. KURRI, von Martens.

1869 Succinea delalandei, Pir., var. kurri, von Mts., Mal. Blatt. xvi.

pe ait 2.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. “Sours Arrica” (Kurr).

461. SuccINEA EXARATA, Krauss.

1848 Succinea exarata, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 74. pl. 4, f.15. DF.

3 a » Pir, Mon, Helis polsaae!:

1856 » Bgt., Amén. malac. i. p. 134. D.

1910 5 » Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 449. N.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Natau. Inswamps (Krauss). Near Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

DAMARALAND. Gobabis (subfossil, Hermann, fide Bottger).

462. SuUCCINEA MOUSSONI, von Martens.

1887 Succinea, ?Sp., Mouss., J. de C. xxxv. p. 298. N.

1904 ” moussont, von Mts., Die Kalahari, p. 755, f. 2. DF.

1910 i Sp., Mouss., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii, p. 449. N.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. OvampouannD. Upingtonia, south-east of Ondonga (subfossil,

Schinz). Sodanna (Passarge).

BrcHuaNnaLaNnD. South of Hardekol Drift, Botletle River, in marly

sandstone (Passarge).

222 Annals of the South African Musewm.

463. SuccINEA PATENTISSIMA, Menke.

1853 Succinea patentissima, Mke., Pfr., Zeitschr. f. Malak. x. p. 52. D.

9 ‘5 po Mion. Tel: city p.6234 22:

r) : ,, Conch. Cab. p. 55. pl. 6, £. 26—

23, DE.

., » Bgt., Amén. malac. i. p. 135. D.

1854, 55

1856

Type—ubi ?

Hab. Navan. Port Natal (Menke). Umgeni Lagoon (Burnup).

ZULULAND. Lake Sibayi (Toppin).

464. SuccINEA PISCINALIS, Melv. & Pons.

1898 Succinea piscinalis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ii. p. 127. pl. 7, £.4. DP.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Carr or Goop Horr, Fish River (Farquhar).

465. SuccINEA PLANTI, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M.]

1856 Succinea planti, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 326. D.

1859 ~ 37) Nlon: Hel. ivi ps0. 1 2:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Cape Natal (Plant). Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

466. SuccrinEA sTrRIATA, Krauss. [(S.A.M. ]

1848 Suecinea striata, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 73. pl. 4, f.16. DF’.

: ,» Pfr., Zeitschr. f. Malak. v. p. 122. D.

1853 i 5 >, Mon. eels ine pride Pp:

1856 - » Bgt., Amén. malac. i. p. 134. D.

1866 A » von Mts., Mal. Blatt. xiii. p. 97. N.

1874 a , dick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. pp. 172, 173. N.

1910 A , (var.) Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 449. WN.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab, TransvAau, River Limpopo (Wahlberg). Pretoria (McBean).

DAMARALAND. Gobabis (subfossil, Hermann),

Natau. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

CaprE oF Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Farquhar). Zuurberg, near

Coerney (Crawford).

Orance Free State. Kopjes Siding (Connolly). Bloemfontein

(Godfrey).

Also reported from North and Central Africa.

Succinea limicola, Morel. (Ann. Mus. Genova, 1872, iii. p. 191.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 223

pl. 9, f. 8), described from Abyssinia, is considered by Jickeli to be

a variety of the present species. S. bowkeri, M. & P., and plantz,

Pfr., are probably identical with striata.

TRIBE DITREMATA, Fischer & Crosse, 1878.

(Mission au Mexique, i. p. 698.)

Faminty VERONICELLIDA, Gray, 1840.

(Syn. Brit. Mus. pp. 126, 149.)

Genus VERONICELLA, de Blainville, 1817.

(Journ. de Physique, lxxxv. p. 440.)

Type of Genus, V. /evis, de Blainville.

467. VERONICELLA MAURA (Heynemann).

1885 Vaginula maura, Heynem., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges. xii.

Doi LOS pl: 1, 16,7. 2Dor:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Delagoa Bay (Mrs. Monteiro).

468. VERONICELLA NATALENSIS (von Rapp).

1848 Vaginulus natalensis, von Rapp, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 72. D.

1855 Limazx natalensis, ‘ Krs.,” H. & A. Ad., Gen. rec. Moll. ii. p. 219.

1862 » Heynem., Mal. Blatt. ix. p. 217. N.

1879 Vaginula On von Rapp, Gibb.,Journ.of Conch.ii. p.140. N.

1885 3 zs Heynem., Jahrb.d. Deutsch. Mal.

Ges: xu. p.103. D.

, Limax natalensis, Krs. (is Vaginula ditto), Tryon, Man. of

Conch. i. p. 214.

1893 Veronicella natalensis, von Rapp, Ckll., Conchologist, ii. p.216. N.

1910 » Cllge.,Ann.NatalMus.ii.p.170. N.

Type in Stubieant Museum.

Hab. Navat (Krauss). Port Shepstone (Burnup).

Cape or Goop Hope. Kowie District (Penther).

469. VERONICELLA PETERSI (von Martens).

1879 Vaginula petersi, von Mts., Monats-Ber. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.

Berlin, p. 736. D.

1885 &. a Heynem., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal,

Ges: xiliyp: 105. D:

224 Annals of the South African Museum.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Inhambane (Peters).

470. VERONICELLA SAXICOLA, Cockerell.

1893 Veronicella saxicola, Ckll., Conchologist, ii. pp. 194, 216. D.

1910 sf » Cllge., Ann. Natal Mus. i. p.171. D.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Craven).

Nara. Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

Faminty ONCHIDIIDA, Gray, 1824.

(Ann. of Philos. viii. p. 108, as Onchidiadee, emend. H. & A. Adams, 1855, Gen.

rec. Moll. ii. p. 232.)

Genus ONCHIDIUM, Buchanan, 1800.

(Linn. Trans. v. p. 132.)

Type of Genus, O. typhe, Buch.

471. ONCHIDIUM BURNUPI, Collinge.

1902 Onchidiwm burnupt, Clige., Journ. of Malac. ix. p. 17, f.1, 2. DF.

1910 ma 5) Ann: Natal’ Mus. i. p.l7i, 2D:

Type in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. Natat. Umlaas Lagoon (Burnup).

472. ONCHIDIUM PERONI, Cuvier. [S.A.M.]

1804 Onchidiwm peroni, Cuy., Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris, v. p. 38.

pl. 6,4 1-9. .D:A:;

1817 . ,» Mém. &4lHist. et & Anat. Moll. 13.

Dale pl pile eae

1821 7 », Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 2. p. 6. N.

1822 . , Lam.,Hist.nat.An.s. Vert.vi,2.p.46. D.

1825 Peronia mauritziana, de Blainv., Man. de Malac. p. 489. pl. 46

(S27) siege pee.

1832 Onchidium tonganwm, Quoy & Gaim., Voy. Astrolabe, Moll.

pe 210, pe tome 8. Da:

1836 , peronit,Cuv., Desh., Hist.nat.An.s. Vert.vil.p.709. N.

Ea hs tonganum, Quoy & Gaim., Desh., ibd. p. 709. DN.

1848 a peronit, Cuv., Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 72. N.

1870 3 tonganum, Quoy & Gaim. (? O. peronit, Cuv.), Semp.,

Reis. im Arch. Philippin. ii, 3. p. 258. pl. 19,

{2S Osple 22 ied, lO. Dar AS

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 225

1893 Oncidium peroni, Cuv. (=O. melanopnewmon, Bergh, and ton-

ganum, Q. & G.), Plate, Zool. Jahrb. Jena, vii, 1.

p72, pl. 12h Soe eee

1910 ss tonganum, Cunningham, Encyel. Brit. 11th Ed. xi.

p: 020, f. 62.

Type—whi ?

Hab. Narvat coast (Krauss). Congella, near Durban (Burnup).

Lorenzo Marques. Inhambane (Peters).

Cape Peninsuna. Green Point (Purcell).

Described from Mauritius.

473. ONCHIDIUM SAVIGNYI, Semper.

1870 Onchidium savignyi, Semp., Reis. im Arch. Philippin. ii, 3.

p. 260: pl. 19, f. 6. pl. 20, f. 1. pl: 22, 125-97 DEA:

1903 Onchidiwm savignyt, Semp., Smith, Proc. Mal. Soc. v. p. 401. N.

1910 -e » Clige., Ann. Natal Mus. ii. p. 172. L.

Type—uwubi ?

Hab. Navau. Scottburgh (Burnup).

Genus ONCHIDELLA, Gray, 1850.

(Fig. Moll. Anim. iv. p. 117.)

Type of Genus, O. nigricans (Q. & G.).

474. ONCHIDELLA MACULATA, Plate.

1893 Oncidiella maculata, Plate, Zool. Jahrb. Jena, vii, 1. p. 201. pl. 7,

f. 4. pl. 9, f. 43, 44. pl. 10, f. 45-49, 52. pl. 11, f. 68. pl. 12,

fe LOE WOE AY,

Type—ubhz ?

Hab. Great NaMALAnD. Angra Pequena (fide Plate).

Sus-Orper BASOMMATOPHORA, Keferstein, 1865.

(Bronn’s Thier-reichs, iii. p. 1246.)

TRIBE GHHYDROPHILA, Feérussac, 1821.

(Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3. p. 95 (or 91), as Géhydrophiles.)

Famity AURICULIDA, Gray, 1824.

(Ann. of Philos. viii. p. 107, as Auriculade, emend. 1840, Turton’s Manual, p. 101.)

(= Ellobiude, H. & A. Adams, 1855.)

Sup-Famity MELAMPINA, H. & A. Adams, 1855,

(Gen. rec, Moll. ii. p. 242,)

Annals of the South African Musewm.

Genus MELAMPUS, de Montfort, 1810.

(Conch. Syst. ii. p. 319.)

(= Conovulus, Lamarck, 1812, &c.)

Type of Genus, M. coniformis (Brug.).

Recent classification of this Genus is somewhat unsatisfactory :

species from widely distant localities can, certainly, be placed

together in well-marked groups, members of which have of late

years been placed in synonymy; but it appears almost impos-

sible that these inoperculate, brackish-water pulmonates can travel

such immense distances as, say, from the Sandwich Islands to

Natal, and it is in the highest degree unlikely that the union of

shells from such localities under the same name can be correct.

On these grounds I have preferred to retain, as far as possible,

names of species described by the older writers from South Africa

for specimens recently collected there, although faulty figures and

lack of authentic examples render their correct identification by no

means certain,

475. MrLAmpPus acrnorpgEs, Morelet. [S.A.M.]

1889 Melampus acinordes, Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p. 14. pl. 1, f.9. DF.

1898 » Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 205. pl. 23,

1 12a Us ne Bo de

Type in British Museum.

Hab. CarE or Goop Horr. Zwartkops River, near Port Eliza-

beth (Crawford). Kalk Bay (Lightfoot).

476. MELAMPUS CAFFER (Kiister).

1844 Awricula caffra, Kiist., Conch. Cab. p. 36. pl. 5 (1843), f. 7. DF.

1854 Melampus ater, Muhlf. (=caffer, Kiist.), H. & A. Ad., P.Z.S. p.10.

1856 “fe caffer, Kiist. (ater, Mihlf.), Pfr., Mon. Auric. p.40. D.

1857 4s ce 5 Pir, ACatwAmrie. 7:29: 1:

1871 - os , von Mts. & Langkavel, Siidsee-Conch.

pooouples a. i al.

1878 Auricula caffra » wow., Conch. Keon: pl.7, 4.3) DEF,

1884 Melampus caffer ,, Garrett, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. ix.

jones ORME

1890 # Krs., Mlldff., Ber. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, p. 254. N.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Navau. Mouth of Umlaas River (Krauss).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 227

It is doubtful whether many of the foregoing references, which

record M. caffer from all parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans,

really relate to Kiister’s species.

var. MINOR, Kiister.

1839 Conovulus ater, Mihlf., Anton, Verz. Conch. Samml. p. 48

(without characters).

1844 Auricula caffra, var. minor, Kiist., Conch. Cab. p. 36. pl. 5 (1843),

fg eOs, UE

Described from Ohetaroa, and probably quite distinct from the

South African form.

477. MELAMPUS KUSTERI (Krauss).

1842 ?? Awricula monile, Lam., Rve., Conch. Syst.ii. p.106.pl.187,f.8. F’.

1844 4 kiistert, Krs., Kiist., Conch. Cab. p. 34. pl. 4 (1843),

f. LOS. epee

1856 Melampus - » Pir,,.Mon:Auriespnssa ee:

1857 i - » Cat. Auric. p. 23. D.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Navau. Mouth of Umlaas River (Krauss).

var. OBLONGUS, Kiister.

1844 Auricula kiisteri, Krs., var. oblonga, Kiist., Conch. Cab. p. 34. D.

Hab. Natat. Mouth of Umlaas River (Krauss).

478. MreLAMpPus Livipus (Deshayes).

1830 Auricula lida, Desh., Enc. Méth. Vers, ii. p. 91. D.

1838 " » Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. viii. p. 338. D.

1844 FP , Kist., Conch. Cab. p. 44. pl. 6 (1843),

£. SDs ts

1848 y » Kes., Stidafe. Moll. p. 81. N.

1854 Melampus lividus, Lin. (=livida, Desh.), H.& A. Ad., P.Z.S. p. 10.

1856 x Desh., Pfr., Mon. Auric. p. 40. D.

1857 ms - ye Cath Aunics 20D:

1878 Auwricula livida, Lin., Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 7, f.58. DF.

1882 Melampus lividus, Desh., Morel., J. de C. xxx. p. 101. N.

1897 As » von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 264. D.

Specimens ex auct. in Heole des Mines, Paris.

Hab. Narvau. Mouth of Umlaas River (Krauss; Burnup). ?juv.

in Durban Bay (Burnup).

Also chronicled from Mayotte, Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles, &e,

228 Annals of the South African Musewm.

It is impossible to regard this species as in any way connected

with Bulla livida, Lin. (Syst. Nat., Hd. 10. i. p. 729) & Gault. (Index

Test. pl. 25, f. B), which appears to represent a different Genus.

varr. CHRULEUS, FASCIATUS, and ovatus, Kiister.

1844 Awricula livida, Desh., varr. cerulea, ovata, and fasciata, Kiist.,

Conch. Cab. p. 45. pl. 6 (18438), f. 22-96. DF.

Hab. Narva coast (Krauss).

479. Mutampus orpinarius, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1901 Melampus ordinarius, M.&P., A.M.N.H.viii-p.321.pl.2,f.14. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hub, Navan. Mouth of Umlaas River (Burnup).

480. Mreuampus parvuwus, Nuttall. [S.A.M.]

1854 Melampus parvulus, Nutt., Pfr., Mal. Blitt. i. p. 147 (without

characters).

1856 = os » Mon. Auric. p. 24. D.

1857 3 a 7 Cat. Aurie: p. 16, =D:

1871 * » von Mts. & Langkavel, Siidsee-

Conch? p27 565 pl. 3, 1. 10, aa

1898 " ” Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 220. pl. 26,

feos) OEY

Originals in British Museum.

Hab. Navan, Durban Bay; mouths of Umlaas and Umkomaas

Rivers (Burnup).

Owing to the diverse geographical distribution, it is most unlikely

that these Natal specimens are conspecific with the true parvulus,

which was described from Oahu; but, in the series examined, I

have been unable to find valid conchological grounds for their

separation. Is it possible that the species can have been introduced

alive in ballast ?

481. MELAMPUS SEMIARATUS, sp. nov., pl. 2,f.8. [S.A.M.]

1898 Melampus granifer, “Mouss.,” M.& P., Proc. Mal. Soc.iii.p.180. L.

Shell small, conic-ovate, subrimate, solid, rather glossy, of uniform

dark brown colour, the upper and lower portions covered with spiral

grooves which are crossed by faint transverse striw; the middle

portion is destitute of sulcation, and thus has a comparatively

smooth appearance, Spire short, conical; apex acute. 6 flat

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 229

whorls, the last comprising practically the entire shell. Aperture

long and narrow, furnished with one receding white rib half-way up

the outer lip; a fold of medium size at the base of the columella;

and three sharp white parietal plaits at almost equal, but gradually

decreasing distances between the columellar fold and the top of the

aperture. Peristome acute, of paler colour. Columellar margin

thickly reflexed, almost adnate.

Shell 9°6 5:5; aperture 7°5; last whorl 8°8 mm.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Narau. Durban Bay; mouths of Umlaas and Umkomaas

Rivers (Burnup).

A member of the group comprising M. granifer, Mouss., from

Java; sulculosus, von Mts., from Amboina; corticinus, Morelet, from

Mauritius; strzatus, Pease, from Tahiti, and semisulcatus, Mouss.,

from Samoa, to the last two of which it must be very nearly allied.

The half-furrowed appearance of the new species, though usual, is

not always constant, some shells being covered all over with spiral

grooving, in which state they much resemble striatus ; but owing to

the widely divergent distribution, it is most improbable that the three

species can be the same.

482. MELAMPUS UMLAASIANUS (Krauss).

1844 Auricula umlaasiana, Krs., Kiist., Conch. Cab. p. 43. pl. 6 (1843),

f. 16-18. D.F.

1856 Melampus umlaasianus, Krs., Pfr., Mon. Auric. p. 34. D.

1857 Ae - » Cat. Auric. p. 24. D.

Not Auricula wmiassiana, “ Krs.,”’ Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 6, f. 48.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Natau. Mouth of Umlaas River (Krauss).

var. OBSCURUS, Kiister. (SAME

1844 Awricula umlaasiana, Krs., var. obscura, Kiist., Conch. Cab.

p. 44. pl. 6 (1843), f. 19, 20. DF.

Hab. Navau. Mouth of Umlaas River (Krauss). Isipingo

(Burnup).

Specimens from Isipingo, apparently referable to this variety,

have of late years been erroneously attributed to M. castaneus,

Mihlf. (=A. fusca, Phil.), a Sandwich Island species. M. avellana,

Morelet, from Mauritius, is also near akin, but it appears inadvisable

to place either of the three in synonymy.

230 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Genus MARINULA, King, 1835.

(Zool. Journ. v. p. 343.)

Type of Genus, M. pepita, King.

483. MaRiInuza, ? Sp. [S.A.M.]

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Camps Bay (McBean). Dassen

Island (Lightfoot).

Two specimens only of Marinula have so far been collected in

South Africa. They closely resemble a form from Tristan da Cunha,

which has been attributed in the British Museum and elsewhere to

M. pepita, King (=nigra, Phil, & marinella, “King,” Kiister).

More material is required before they can be determined.

Genus PEDIPHES, Férussac, 1821.

(Adanson, Hist. nat. du Sénégal, 1757, pt. 2, p. 11 (pre-Linnean), and Férussac,

Tabl. Syst. Moll., 1821, pt. 3. p. 103 (or 99).)

Type of Genus, P. afer (Gmel.).

484. PEDIPES AFFINIS, Férussac.

1821 Pedipes affinis, Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3. p. 113 (or 109). D.

1856 Fe 3 bir, Sion Aurie: ip. 72.0 3

1857 * 41 » Oat. Auric. p. 54. N.

1863 Pe ,, Desh., Notes sur l’Ile Réunion, ii, E. p. 83.

ple otatto,10.. 235,

1874 Lemodonta affinis, Fér.,Jick., FaunaN.-O.-Afr.p.181.pl.7,f.6. DF.

1887 Pedipes affinis, Fér., Ancey, Bull. Soc. Mal. France, iv. p. 285. N.

1898 Melampus (Laimodonta) affinis, Fér., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 202.

ply 23; 18.) Dar".

1900 Pedipes affinis, Fér., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 259. D.

Type—whi ?

Hab. Nata. Durban (Burnup).

Described from Mauritius, and known from the Red Sea.

Susp-Faminty AURICULINA, Pfeiffer, 1857.

(Cat. Auric. p. 54.)

Genus AURICULASTRA, von Martens, 1880.

(Meeresfauna Mauritius, p. 207.)

Type of Genus, A. elongata (Parr.),

Feference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 231

485. AURICULASTRA CATONIS (Melv. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1899 Auricula catonis, M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p. 199. pl. 8, £.18. DF.

1900 5 5 Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 265. pl. 31, f. 14.

Dak

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. Cato’s Creek, Durban; mouths of Umlaas and

Umkomaas Rivers (Burnup).

486. AURICULASTRA RADIOLATA (Morelet). [S.A.M. ]

1848 Auwricula pellucens, ‘‘ Mke.,” Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 82. N.

1860 Melampus radiolatus, Morel., Séries Conch. ii.p.93. pl.6,f.11. D_F.

1876 Awriculus radiolatus, Morel., Pfr., Mon. Pneum. iv. p. 359. D.

1877 Auricula radiolata, Morel., Nev., Hand List, i. p. 226. ZL.

1897 Awriculastra radiolata, Morel., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 264. N.

1899 Auriculadurbanica,M.&P.,A.M.N.H.iv.pp.193,199.p1.3,f.14.D.F.

1900 ¥5 » Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 264. pl. 31,

f 135 Dae

Types of radiolata and durbanica in British Museum.

Hab. Narva (? pellucens, Wahlberg; radiolata, Nevill). Cato’s

Creek, Durban; mouths of Umlaas ane Umkomaas Rivers (dur-

banica, Burnup).

fiadiolata was described from Zanzibar, durbanica from Natal;

the type of the former has not attained fullest dimensions, but

seems inseparable from similar specimens of durbanica.

Genus CASSIDULA, Feérussac, 1821.

(Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt. 3. p. 109 (or 105).)

(= Rhodostoma, Swainson, and Sidula, Gray, 1840.)

Type of Genus, C. auris felis (Brug.).

487. CASSIDULA LABRELLA (Deshayes). [S.A.M.]

1830 Auricula labrella, Desh., Enc. Méth. Vers, ii. p. 92. D.

- i. », Mag.de Zool. p. 14. pl. 14, f.1-3. DiF.

1838 3 > » Hist. nat. An.s. Vert. viii. p. 337. D.

1841 3 » Kist.,Conch. Cab. p.22.pl.2,f.4,5. DF.

- : rea Kiist., zbed. p. 24. pl. 3, f. 6-8. DF.

1848 mI 4 » Krs., Stidafr. Moll. p. 82. N.

1856 Cassidula kraussi, Kist., Pfr., Mon. Auric. p. 113. D.

, * lutescens, Pfr., Mon. Auric. p. 113. D.

is bs labrella, Desh., Pfr., Mon. Auric. p. 112. D.

1857 ‘3 ty . ,, Cat. Auric. p. 86. D.

232 Annals of the South African Museum.

1857 Cassidula kraussi, Kiist., Pfr., Cat. Auric. p. 86. D.

1874 Ms labrella, Desh. (=kraussi and lutescens), Jick.,

Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 186. D.

1878 Auwricula kraussvi, Kiist., Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 5, f. 832. D.F.

1883 Cassidula labrella, Desh., Bgt., Ann. Sci. nat. Paris, xv. p.124. N.

Type of kraussi in Stuttgart Museum ; labrella—wubi ?

Hab. Navan, Mouth of Umlaas River (kraussi, Krauss). Dur-

ban (Burnup).

CaPpE oF Goop Horr. Zwartkops River marshes, near Port

Elizabeth (Crawford).

Labrella was described from Mauritius, krawssi from Natal, and

the Hab. of lutescens was unknown.

Genus PHYTIA, Gray, 1821.

(London Medical Repository, xy. p. 231.)

(=Alexia, Leach in Gray, 1847, nec Stephens, in Coleoptera 1835.)

Type of Genus, P. denticulata, Mont. (myosotis, Drap.).

488. PuyvtiA ACUMINATA, Morelet. [S.A.M.]

1889 Alexia acuminata, Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p. 15. pl. 1,f. 11. DF.

a) » pulchella e i i ePclO apoE PaO eo sie

1898 as - Pe Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 133. pl. 19, f. 7, 8.

IDES a

ze » acuminata » Kob.,2zbzd.p.133. pl. 19, £.138,14. DF.

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hope. Port Elizabeth (Crawford; Far-

quhar).

The above species were founded on very immature shells, and, in

a large series, merge into one another. The type of acuminata

measures 455x2 mm., while the largest examples that I have

examined from Port Elizabeth are 20x4 and 19°5x5 mm. respec-

tively ; there seems no doubt, however, that these are the adult of

Morelet’s species. They are closely allied to the variable Kuropean

Phytia myosotis (Draparnaud).

TRIBE HYGROPHILA, Férussac, 1822.

(Tabl. Syst. Moll., pt. 1. p. xxxiii, as Hygrophiles.)

Famity LIMNASIDA, Gray, 1824.

(Ann. of Philos. viii. p. 108, as Lymneade, emend. Broderip, 1839, Penny

Cyclopedia, xiii. p. 497.)

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 233

Genus LIMNAA, Lamarck, 1799.

(Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 75, as Lymnea, emend. Rang, 1829, Man. de

V Hist. nat., Moll. p. 176.)

Type of Genus, L. stagnalis (Lin.).

489. LIMNH#A DAKAENSIS, Sturany.

1898 Limneus dakaénsis, Stur.,8.A. Moll. p. 74. pl. 3, f. 55,56. DF.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Ruopesta. Daka (Penther).

490, LIMNHA DAMARANA, Bottger.

1910 Limnea damarana, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frank-

furt, xxx. p. 400. pl. 28, f. 16. Dw

Type in Senckenberg Mus. Frankfurt.

Hab. Damaratand. Gobabis (subfossil, Hermann).

Founded on two specimens only.

491. LimN#A NATALENSIS, Krauss. [S.A.M.]

1848 Limneus natalensis, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 85. pl. 5, f.15.. DF.

1862 i ., ,, Kist., Conch. Cab. p. 31. pl. 6, f. 1-3.

Dik.

1870 Limnea 7 , Blanford, Obs. Geol. & Zool. Abyss.

p. 472. N.

1872 bs » sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 7,f£.46. DF.

1874 Bs Ps , Jgick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 190. D.

1881 - . » Smith, P\Z:Sp.290. iN:

1904 ee re i » Proc: Mall Soc) viz pags, iN:

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Natau. ‘ Common” (Krauss). An unusually large form

is known from the Botanical Gardens, Durban.

TRANSVAAL. Pretoria District (McBean). Zoutpansberg (Cregoe).

LorENZO Marques. Itschonogove (fide von Martens). Rikatla

(Junod).

OraNGE Free State. Valsch River, Lindley ; Rhenoster River,

near Heilbron (Connolly). Kroonstad (Kckersley).

Care or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

GriQquALAND West. Modder and Vaal Rivers, near Kimberley

(Miss Wilman).

BrcHuanaLanD. Lake Ngami (Woosman).

Ruopesia. Zambesi River, above Victoria Falls (Connolly).

Recorded from most parts of Africa.

234 Annals of the South African Musewn.

Smith (1904) remarks that L. africana, alexandrina, debaizet,

jouberti, laurenti, and lavigeriana, Bgt., are probably all forms of

natalensis, but Pallary (Mém. Inst. Egypt., 1909, vi, 1. p. 47) con-

siders alexandrina (=natalensis, Auctt., nec Krs.) to be distinct.

var. EXSERTA, von Martens.

1866 Limneus natalensis, Krs., var. exsertus, von Mts., Mal. Blatt.

Mts LOLs plea, to) Oke eke

1874 Limnea natalensis, Krs., var. exserta, von Mts., Jick., Fauna

N-O--Air pp. 19D:

1883 > exserta, Bgt., Ann, Sci. nat. Paris, xv. pp. 90, 125. N.

Described from Abyssinia.

var. OROPHILA, Morelet.

1868 Limnea orophila, Morel., Voy.Welwitsch, Moll.p.87.pl.7,f.4. DF.

1874 - natalensis, Krs., var. orophila, Morel., Jick., Fauna

IN--O Air p. Lois pli 43, te Lali.

Described from Benguela, and also recorded from Abyssinia.

492. LIMNHA SUBTRUNCATULA, Bottger.

1910 Limnea subtruncatula, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Hrankfurty xxxu,)p, 4ols pl. 28) 1. 17.) Dae

Type in Senckenberg Mus. Frankfurt.

Hab. Damaratanpd. Gobabis (subfossil, Hermann).

Founded on three specimens.

493. LimN2ZA TRUNCATULA (Mill.). [S.A.M.]

1774 Bucconum truncatulwm, Mill., Verm. ui. p. 130. D.

1789 Bulimus truncatus, Brug., Enc. Méth. Vers, i. p. 310. D.

1801 Limneus minuta, Drap., Tabl. Moll. Fr. p. 51. D.

1803 Helix fossaria, Mont., Test. Brit. 11. p. 372. pl. 16, £.9. DF.

1821 Limneus menutus, Drap., C. Pfir., Syst. Anordn. d. deutsch. L.

u. W.-Schneck. p. 93. pl. 4, £. 27. DF.

1829 Lymnea minuta, Drap., Schubert & Wagner, Conch. Cab. xii.

p. 182. pl. 235, f. 4134, 5. DF.

1840 Limneus truncatulus, Mill., Gray, Turton’s Manual, p. 240.

D. and Synonymy.

1855 Limnea truncatula, Mull., Moq.-Tand., Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr. i.

p. 473. pl. 34, f. 21-24. DF.

1862. Limneus truncatulus, Mill., Kist., Conch, Cab. p. 17. pl. 3,

f. 24-27. DF.

fieference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 235

1862 Limneus umlaasianus, Kiist., ibid. p. 32. pl. 6, f. 4,5. DF.

1872 Limnea truncatula, Miill., Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 1,f.3. DF.

1883 ” 5 » (=umlaasianus, Kiist.), Bgt., Ann.

Sci. nat. Paris, xv.pp.86,97,125. N.

1897 - 2truncatula ,, von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 137. N.

1898 Limneus wmlaasianus, Kiist., Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 74. N.

1899 Limnea wmlaasiana, Kist., M. & P., A.M.N.H. iv. p.193. N.

Type—wbi ?

Hab. Natau. Umlaas River (wmlaasiana, in coll. Kister).

TRANSVAAL. Pretoria (McBean).

Care oF Goop Hope. Stellenbosch (Péringuey).

Genus PLANORBIS, Geoffroy, 1767.

(Coquilles de Paris, pp. 12, 81.)

(=Planorbis, Guettard, 1756, pre-Linnean.)

Type of Genus, Pl. corneus (Lin.).

494. PLANORBIS ANDERSSONI, Ancey. [S.A.M.]

1890 Planorbis anderssoni, Ancey, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr. vii. p. 161. D.

1898 * » tur, S:As Moll pein. Ne:

Type in coll. Putzeys.

Hab, Ovamponand. Ovambonde (Andersson ; Chapman).

Narau. Durban (Penther).

Carr or Goop Horx. Burnt Kraal, near Grahamstown (Farquhar).

495. PLANORBIS COSTULATUsS, Krauss. [S.A.M.]

1848 Planorbis costulatus, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 83. pl. 5, f. 8. D.P.

1874 a ,» (var.), Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 219.

pl. 7; 48223235, .OUNeE.

1877 ‘ ,, Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 4, f. 26. DF.

1884 Ms » Cless., Concha Cabsip. U3i. pl. 21

(L863) tan oer.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Nata. Umgeni Valley (Krauss). Equeefa (Burnup).

ZuLULAND. Enseleni River (var., Burnup).

Also reported from Abyssinia.

496. PLANORBIS CRAWFORDI, Mely. & Pons.

1893 Planorbis crawfordi, M.& P., A.M.N.H.xii.p.111.pl.3,f.20. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carre or Goop Hope. Van Staaden’s River; Zwartkops

River, Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

236 Annals of the South African Museum.

TRANSVAAL. Ranjesfontein ; Potchefstroom (Connolly).

Also recorded from Victoria Nyanza.

497. PLANORBIS GIBBONSI, Nelson. [S.A.M.]

1878 Planorbis gibbonsi, Nels., Quart. Journ. of Conch. i. p. 379.

pita yeis.. Oop.

a » von Mts,, D.-O.-Afr. p. 150. N.

i » Neuville & Anthony, Ann. Sci. nat.

Paris, vili. p. 260. N.

1897

1908

Type in coll, Nelson.

Hab. Carn Prentysuta. Black River, Maitland (Connolly).

Described from Zanzibar, and known from Central Africa.

None of the original specimens of Pl. gibbonst have been available

for comparison, while the original description and figure do not appear

to quite fit the single representative of this species (ex coll. von

Martens) in the British Museum, or similar shells in my collection

from South and Central Africa. I have, however, submitted a set of

the latter to Mr. J. W. Taylor, who kindly replied: ‘“ I have carefully

examined the Planorbes you sent, and am of opinion that they do

represent the Pl. gibbonsi of Nelson. I find the lithographic artist

made the shape of the mouth in the original figure more angular

than I am sure it was. I was much interested in these shells when

Gibbons sent them, and gave them considerable attention.”

498, PLANORBIS HERMANNI, Bottger.

1910 Planorbis (Coretus) herman, Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt, xxxu. p. 452. pl. 28, f.18. DF.

Type in Senckenberg Mus. Frankfurt.

Hab, DAMARALAND. Okaputa Pan (several dead shells, Hermann).

“Very like P. pfeiffert, Krs.”’ (Bttg.).

499. PLANORBIS LEUCOCHILUS, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Planorbis leucochilus, M.& P., A.M.N.H.xii. p.607. pl.31, £.3. DF’.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Killarney Lake, Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

500. PLANORBIS NATALENSIS, Krauss.

1848 Planorbis natalensis, Krs., Stidafr, Moll. p. 83. pl. 5, f£.9. DF.

1877 es natalis, Krs., Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 4, f. 32. DF.

1883 $3 natalensis, Krs., Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 109. pl. 17

(1882), i. 3. 77.

Tteference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca, 237

1910 Planorbis (Gyraulus) natalensis, Krs., Bttg., Abb. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 451. N.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Navan. Umgeni Valley (Krauss).

Care oF Goop Hops. Port Elizabeth (fide Morelet).

DAMARALAND. Gobabis (subfossil, Hermann).

British Becuuanauanp. Witkop (subfossil, Schultze).

501. PLANORBIS PFEIFFERI, Krauss. [S.A.M.]

1848 Planorbis pferfferi, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 83. pl. 5, f. 7. DF.

1877 7 » sow., Conch. icon) pl. 4ii.33- “DF:

1882 F ,», Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 87. pl. 10 (1850),

f. 26-285) GDI:

1893 Planorbis bowkeri, M.& P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 111. pl. 3, £1.19. DF.

1910 > “ef. pferfferi, Krs.,’’ Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt, xxxil. p. 401. WN.

Co-type of pferfferr in Stockholm Museum ; type of bowkeri in

British Museum.

Hab. Narau. Umgeni Valley (Krauss). Clairmont; Umbogin-

twini River (Burnup).

ZULULAND (Burnup).

Lorenzo Marques. Itschongove (fide von Martens).

Ruopesita. Daka River (Penther). Salisbury (Miss Weineck).

TransvAaL. ‘ Northern Transvaal” (bowker1, Bowker). Ranjes-

fontein and Crocodile River, Pretoria District (Connolly).

British BECHUANALAND. Witkop (subfossil, Schultze).

Melvill and Standen (Manchester Memoirs, li, 4. 1907, p. 7)

apparently refer to some other species under the name of bowkeri ;

the type appears inseparable from pfeifferz, Krs,

I am not sufficiently weil acquainted with Pl. riippelli, Dkr., or

salinarum, Morel., to confirm the synonymy suggested elsewhere

by von Martens and Jickeli.

502. PLANORBIS RUPPELLI, Dunker.

1848 Planorbis riippellii, Dky., P.Z.S. p. 42. D.

1850 a riippellr ; (Conch, Cab: p: 41 plo. 10519 ae

1866 3 riippell ,, von Mts., Mal. Blatt. xiii. p.4. N.

1869 i a », (=salinarum, Morel.), von Mts., Mal.

Blatt. xvi. p. 211. D.

1870 , * » Blanf., Obs. Geol. and Zool. Abyss.

p. 473. N.

238 Annals of the South African Museum.

1872 Planorbis riippellz, Dkr., Morel., Ann. Mus. Genova, iii. p. 207. N.

1874 3 2 » | dick, Hauna N.-O:-Air. p. 21 spl,

fe cli(e LOE EET.

1883 Y » , Bgt., Ann. Sci. nat. Paris, xv. pp. 100,

Ts ep:

1900 » Krs., Junod, Bull. Soc. Vaudoise, xxxv.

[Oy WA dee

1908 " » Dkr., Neuville & Anthony, Ann. Sci. nat.

Paris, viii. pp. 249-253. NP’.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab, Lorenzo Marquss. Rikatla (Junod).

Described from Abyssinia.

Jickeli (1874) remarks: “I could not unite Plan. salinarum,

Morel., from West Africa, with riippellit ; according to the figure in

Voy. Wellwitsch, the former differs through less height combined

with greater diameter. On the other hand, our Abyssinian Planorbis

appears to me very nearly allied to Plan. pfeifferi, Krs. ; comparison

with examples of this species, which I do not possess, ought to

produce synonymy of the two.”

503. PLANORBIS SALINARUM, Morelet.

1868 Planorbis salinarum, Morel., Voy. Welwitsch, Moll. p. 85. pl. 5,

fed oe Dai

1904 » von Mts., Die Kalahari, p. 756. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Brcwuanauanp. Lake Ngami; Sodanna (subfossil, Pas-

sarge).

Described from Dungo saltings, Angola.

Genus SEGMENTINA, Fleming, 1818.

(Encyc. Brit., Suppl. to 4th, 5th, and 6th editions, iii. p. 309.)

Type of Genus, Nautilus lacustris, Lightfoot (nitida, Mill.).

504. SEGMENTINA EMICANS, Mely. & Pons.

1892 Planorbis (Segmentina) emicans, M. & P., A.M.N.H. x. p. 241.

Place oe ee

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Farquhar).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 239

505. SEGMENTINA PLANODIscuSs, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1897 Planorbis (Segmentina) planodiscus, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix.

Pp. Ges. pl Li, 1.205 D Er

1898 as M. & P., Stur., S.A. Moll.

Polite Ne

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Nara, Umgeni Valley, near Durban (Burnup).

Genus ANCYLUS, Geoffroy, 1767.

(Coquilles de Paris, pp. 13, 122.)

Type of Genus, A. fluviatilis (Lin.).

Section BURNUPIA, Walker, 1912.

(Nautilus, xxv. p. 139.)

Type of Section, A. caffer, Krs.

506. ANCYLUS CAFFER, Krs.

1848 Ancylus caffer, Krs., Stidafr. Moll. p. 70. pl. 4, £.18. DF.

1859 ra gaulus, Gould, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vii.p.40. D.

1862 - 5, Otia Conch. p. 106. D.

y v3 nee, Krs., Bgt., Spicil. malac. p. 193. D.

1872 Me caffra ,, Sow., Conch. Teon. ph 1 fo. Di’.

1882 caffer ' ,, Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 36. pl. 4, f. 11. D.F.

Type of caffer in Stuttgart Museum; gaulws in U.S. Nat. Mus.

Washington.

Hab, Navau. Pietermaritzburg (Krauss). Umkomaas; Ton-

gaat; Equeefa River; Imputyni and Inkwalini streams near Pieter-

maritzburg (Burnup).

Care oF Goop Hope (gaulus, Stimpson).

var. NANUS, Walker.

1912 Ancylus caffer, Krs., var. nanus, Walker, Nautilus, xxv. p.139. D.

Type in coll. Walker.

Hab. Natau. Karkloof stream (Taynton). Pietermaritzburg

(in coll. Ponsonby).

var. GORDONENSIS, Melv. & Pons.

1903 Ancylus gordonensis, M.& P., A.M.N.H.xii.p. 606. pl. 31,f.2. DF.

1912 » caffer, Krs., var. gordonensis, M, & P., Walker, Nautilus,

REV po 140).. Ly,

240 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Natau. Gordon Falls; Town Bush Valley and Sweet-

water streams, near Pietermaritzburg ; Edendale Falls ; Nottingham

Road; Dargle; Karkloof; Howick Falls and Aasvogel Krantz,

Umgeni kiver (Burnup).

NORTHERN TRANSVAAL. Zoutpansberg (Cregoe).

var. FARQUHARI, Walker.

1912 Ancylus caffer,Krs.,var,farquhari, Walker, Nautilus,xxv.p.140. D.

Type in coll. Walker.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. York, East Griqualand (Farquhar).

Teko River, Transkei (Miss Hickey).

var. STENOCHORIAS, Melyv. & Pons.

1855 Ancylus obliquus, Krs., Kiist., Conch. Cab. pl. 1, f. 18-20. F.

(non A. obliquus, Brod. & Sow., 1832.)

1903 -. stenochorias, M.& P., A.M.N.H.xii. p.607.pl.31,f£.1. DP.

1912 s caffer, Krs., var. stenochorias, M. & P., Walker,

Nautilus, xxv. p. 140. ZL.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Carer or Goop Horr. Ebb en Vloed, Bog Farm and Van

Staadens River, Port Elizabeth (in coll. Ponsonby). Baakens River,

Port Elizabeth; King Williamstown Road Dam and Kowie River,

Grahamstown (Farquhar). Upper Retreat and Klipplatz River,

Catheart (Miss Hickey). Kaser River, Montagu (Connolly).

var. CAPENSIS, Walker. [S.A.M.]

1912 Ancylus caffer, Krs., var.capensis, Walker, Nautilus,xxv.p.1l41. D.

Type in coll. Walker.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Lakeside and Hout Bay, Cape

Peninsula (Connolly). Woost Hill and Blaauwkrantz Rivers,

Grahamstown (Farquhar).

var. TRAPEZOIDEUS, Bottger.

1897 ? Ancylus caffer, Krs., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 151. pl. 1, f. 19

ACOs DHE:

1907 Ancylus trapezordeus, Bttg. in Schultze, Aus Namaland u.

Kalahari, p. 708. WN.

» Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

1910 5 9

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 450, pl. 28, f. 15. DF.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 241

1912 Ancylus caffer, Krs., var. trapezoideus, Bttg., Walker, Nautilus,

xxv. p14].

Type in Senckenberg Mus. Frankfurt.

Hab. British BecHuanauanpd. Witkop (subfossil, Schultze).

ORANGE FREE Strate. Valsch River, Lindley (Connolly).

TRANSVAAL. Pretoria District (McBean). Zoutpansberg (Cregoe).

Apparently also found in Central Africa.

507. ANncyLus Mootrensis, Walker.

1912 Ancylus mooiensis, Walker, Nautilus, xxv. p. 141. D.

Type in coll. Walker.

Hab. Transvaat, Mooi River, Potchefstroom (Miss Livingston).

var. DuBIosus, Walker.

1912 Ancylus mooiensis, var. dubiosus, Walker, Nautilus, xxv. p.142. D.

Type in coll. Walker.

Hab. Transvaau. Pienaars Poort (Connolly).

Carge or Goop Hors. Woost Hill River, Grahamstown (Farquhar).

508. ANCYLUS TRANSVAALENSIS, Craven.

1880 Ancylus transvaalensis, Crvn., P.Z.S. p. 617. pl. 57, f.11. DF.

1910 ? ,, stenochorias, M. & P., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt, xxx1i. p. 460. N.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Mooi River (Craven). Pretoria District

(Connolly).

Orancre Free State. Vereenigung (Johnson).

Carr or Goop Horr. Prieska (in coll. Ponsonby).

? British BecHUANALAND. Witkop (subfossil, Schultze).

509. ANCYLUS VERREAUXI, Bourguignat.

1853 Ancylus verreauxii, Bgt., Rev. et Mag. Zool. p. 351. D.

1854 ‘3 55 - 35 pl.1,f.1-8. F.

1856 . m » Amén. malac.i. p.12.pl.1,f. 1-8. DF.

1862 » verreaux, ,, “Spicil.malacy pi 194" GN.

1882 » verreauxit ,, Cless.,Conch. Cab. p.60. pl. 5, f.4. DF.

Type in Geneva Museum.

Hab. Care Perninsuna. “Ville de Constance’’ (? Constantia)

(Verreaux). Retreat (Connolly),

242 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Section FERRISSIA, Walker, 1903.

(Nautilus, xvii. p. 15.)

Type of Section, A. rivularis, Say.

510. ANcyLUs BURNUPI, Walker.

1912 Ancylus burnupi, Walker, Nautilus, xxv. p. 142. D.

Type in coll. Walker.

Hab. Natau, Equeefa (Burnup).

Carr or Goop Horr. Brack Kloof, Grahamstown (Farquhar).

511. ANcyLUS CONNOLLYI, Walker.

1912 Ancylus connollyi, Walker, Nautilus, xxv. p. 143. D.

Type in coll. Walker.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Black River, Maitland (Connolly).

King Williamstown Road Dam, Grahamstown (Farquhar).

512. ANCYLUS EQUEEFENSIS, Walker.

1912 Ancylus equeefensis, Walker, Nautilus, xxv. p. 143. D.

Type in coll. Walker.

Hab. Navan. Equeefa (Burnup).

513. ANCYLUS FONTINALIS, Walker.

1912 Ancylus fontinalis, Walker, Nautilus, xxv. p. 144. D.

Type in coll. Walker.

Hab. TRransvaau. Ranjesfontein ; Pienaars Poort (Connolly).

Orance Free State. Morgendal (Connolly).

514. AncyLus victoriEnsis, Walker.

1912 Ancylus victoriensis, Walker, Nautilus, xxv. p. 144. D.

Type in coll, Walker.

Hab. Ruopxsta. Victoria Falls (Connolly).

515. ANCYLUS ZAMBESIENSIS, Walker.

1912 Ancylus zambesiensis, Walker, Nautilus, xxv. p. 144. D.

Type in coll. Walker.

Hab. Ruopestia. Victoria Falls (Connolly).

Tam deeply indebted to Mr. Bryant Walker for the whole of the

classification and distribution of this Genus.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 248

Grnus ISIDORA, Ehrenberg, 1831.

(Symb. Phys., Evertebrata.)

Type of Genus, J. hemprichii, Ehrn. (contorta, Mich.).

Kobelt (1909) is probably correct in placing in this Genus all

South African species formerly ascribed to Physa. Tivery one,

whose animal has been examined, has proved to belong to Is¢dora,

and it seems unlikely that Physa exists in the subcontinent.

The Genus has suffered severely for a long time from misidenti-

fication. It is the merest truism to remark that the speed of a

stream and the nature of its soil have so great an effect on the shell

of its molluscan inhabitants that colour, epidermal sculpture, and

even substance or contour are of little account in the determination

of fresh-water species; yet many have been identified, and others

founded, on these features alone, without reference to the form of

the parietal and columellar regions, which appear to offer the only

moderately stable basis for comparison. I regret that the results of

my investigation so far have been of a purely destructive nature, but

fear that even more of this will be necessary before it is advisable to

describe the one or two new species which possibly exist in South

Africa. Mr. E. A. Smith has kindly assisted me in the examination

of such species as are now, for the first time, brought into synonymy.

516. IstporA ANGOLENSIS (Morelet).

1866 Physa angolensis, Morel., J. de C. xiv. p. 162. D.

1868 2 x » Woy. Welwitsch, Moll. p. 88. pl. 9,

iS) Oe:

1873 5, algoensis - Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 7, £.53. DF.

(Err. typ.)

1886 », angolensis Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 334. pl. 47

(1885) ye: So DLE.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. DAMARALAND (Geale).

Described from Angola.

Specimens of angolensis received by the British Museum from

Geale in 1869 were incorrectly labelled algoensis, which gave rise to

Sowerby’s use of the latter name. Judging from the figure,

I. parietalis (Mouss.), from Ovampoland, must be nearly allied to

this species. It agrees in form, and the parietal plate, from which

Mousson derived the name, is a frequent, and inconstant, feature in

other members of the Genus.

244 Annals of the South African Musewm.

517. Istpora comprta, Melv. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1903 Isedora compta, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 606. pl. 32, £.14. DP’.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Transvaau. Boksburg (McBean, per Burnup).

ORANGE FREE State. Kopjes; Morgendal; Valsch River, Lind-

ley (Connolly).

Masnonananp. Enkeldoorn District (Miss Sharpe- Young).

Near JI. tropica (Krs.), from which it can be distinguished by the

curve of the outer lip, which may be called normal and regular in

tropica, but in compta is usually distinctly flattened and almost

incurved for a short way below the suture.

518. Istpora contorTA (Michaud).

1829 Physa contortus, Mich., Bull. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, iii. p. 268.

plate, f. 15,16. DF.

1831 » contorta, Mich., Complément Hist. Moll. Fr. p. 83.

plehG,, fez 22 eee

E838." 53 ¥ " Desh., Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. viii.

p. 403. D.

1841.3 .;. " . Kiist., Conch. Cab. (Limn.) p. 8. pl. 1,

Sah Yoha

iso) es hs e Bet., Mal. Algérie, ii. p. 171. pl. 10,

f. 88-40. DF.

1S(05 ==; : » Blanf., Obs. Geol. and Zool. Abyss.

DaAiae. Ne

1874 Isidora _,, is Jick. (=tropica, Krs., and cyrtonota,

Bgt.), Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 203. pl. 3, f. 4. pl. 7,f.14. DAP.

,», Physa contorta, Mich., Sow., Conch. Iccn. pl. 11, f. 92. DE

1886 p .; i Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 314. DN.

1908 Isidora i - (=sericina, Jick.), Neuville &

Anthony, Ann. Sci. nat. Paris, viii. pp. 274, 275. NF.

Type—whi ?

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Quarry near Fort England,

Grahamstown (Farquhar).

A set of hardly mature shells from the above locality appear

inseparable from Michaud’s variable species, which is widely

diffused through the South of Europe and North Africa, and

recorded from West Africa and the Euphrates. Jickeli (1874) was

very possibly right in placing tropica in the synonymy; but I have

so far been unable to confirm his views, and as the last-named

species is, typically, a well-marked one in South Africa, with a

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 245

special synonymy of its own, it appears advisable to allow it to

maintain an individual existence until further material is available

for examination.

Jickeli further included, under contorta; truncata and harpula,

Fér.; broccha and hemprichi, Ehrn.; rivularis, Phil.; mareotica

and spiracea, Parr. in coll.; pyrum, EOtOr and on Merian.

519. IstpoRA DIAPHANA (Krauss).

1848 Physa diaphana, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 84. pl. 5, f. 11. DF.

1856 3 », Bgt., Rev. et Mag. Zool. vii. p. 236. D.

” " pe » Amén. malac: i: palo: 2!

1866 %9 », von Mts., Mal. Blatt. xiii. p. 100. N.

1873 re 5» sow., Conch: Icons pl il0} Si, ser:

1885 ,, Cless., Conch. Cab. p.282. pl.40,f£.12. D.F.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Nata. Umgeni Valley (Krauss).

520. IstpoRA FORSKALI, Ehrenberg. [S.A.M.]

1831 Isidora forskalii, Ehrn., Symb. Phys., Evert. 3rd Sp. D.

1848 Physa wahlbergi, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 84. pl. 5, £. 13. DF.

1856 * s » Bgt., Rev. et Mag. Zool. viii. p. 240. D.

Bs » forskalu, Khrn. ,, vill. p. 235. D.

i - a » Amén. es Lene: a De

* , wahlbergi, Krs. ,, hs 1 pe loOs ep:

S63 9 <5 . » Kist., Conch. Cab. (Limn.) p. 71. pl. 12,

f, 23,24. DL.

1866 x = » von Mts., Mal. Blatt. xiii. p. 100. N.

iS69y - 5, . » Dohrn, Mal. Blatt. xvi. p. 15. N.

s (Istdora) forskaliz,Khrn.,von Mts.,Mal. Blatt.xvi.p.213. N.

1873 » walbergit, Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 8, f. 58. DF.

1874 Isidora forskali, Ehrn., Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 198. pl. 3,

f.3. pl. 7, £138. DRE. and Synonymy.

1886 Physa forskalu, Ehrn., Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 320. pl. 39 (1884),

i Die

1897 Isidora forskali, Khrn., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 141. pl.1,£.15. DF.

1898 Physa gradata, M. & P., A.M.N.H. ii. p. 129. pl. 7, 1.8. DF.

1899 Isidora forskali, Khrn. (=gradata), M.& P.,A.M.N.H.iv.p.193. N.

1908 : » Neuville & Anthony, Ann. Sci. nat.

Paris, vill. pp. 271-273. NF.

Type of forskali in Zool. Mus. Berlin; wahlbergi in Stuttgart

Museum; gradata in British Museum.

246 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Hab. Transvaat. River Limpopo (wahlbergi, Wahlberg). Pre-

toria (Farquhar).

Carpe oF Goop Hopg. Brickfields, Grahamstown (gradata, Far-

quhar).

Narat Pietermaritzburg ; Durban; Thornville (Burnup).

Also said to be found in North and East Africa, Aden, Cape Verde

Islands, Angola and Benguela.

Jickeli (1874) includes in the synonymy wahlbergi, Krs. ; lamellosa,

Roth; scalaris and schmidti, Dkyr.; fischeriana, Bgt.; capillacea,

clavulata, semiplicata, turriculata and apiculata, Morelet; beccarit,

Paladilhe ; vitrea, Parr. ; and jickeliz, Krs.

521. IstpoRA NATALENSIS (Krauss). [S.A.M.]

1841, 43 Physa natalensis, Krs., Kiist., Conch. Cab. (Limn.) p. 8.

pl. 1, f. 12-14. D.F.

1848 Physa natalensis, Krs., Sidafr. Moll. p. 84. pl. 5, f. 10. DF.

1856 ey » Begt., Rev. et Mag. Zool. viii. p. 237. D.

*% ” * » Amen, malacea sp. 176; D:

1869 a » von Mts., Mal. Blatt. xvi. p. 214. N.

1873 2 ; ow. Conch, Icon. pl, L0;E 94 DU.

1874 Isidora natalensis ,, Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 196. WN.

1883 Physa natalica, Bgt., Ann. Sci. nat. Paris, xv. pp. 98, 126. N.

1903 35 a oeainensis, Mc Py ACNE IN xi. p-606. pl. 3254541 2Dee

1910 Istdora natalensis, Krs., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxx. p. 453. N.

Type of natalensis in Stuttgart Museum ; zuluwensis in British

Museum.

Hab. Natat. Umgeni Valley (Krauss). Durban (Burnup).

East ZuLuLann (zuluensis, Burnup). Lake Sibayi (Toppin).

Lorenzo Marquss. Rikatla and Monguane Lakes (Junod).

British BECHUANALAND. Witkop (subfossil, Schultze).

Taking into consideration the great range of variation to be found

in South African fresh-water shells, it appears impossible to separate

zuluensis, which was likened by its joint authors to natalensis, from

the last-named species.

522. IstpoRA PARIETALIS (Mousson).

1887 Physa parietalis, Mouss., J. de C. xxxv. p. 298. pl. 12, £.8. DF.

1904 Hs “3 - 4, von Mts., Die Kalahari, p. 756. N.

1910 Isidora eo » Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 452. N.

Fieference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 247

Type in Zurich Museum.

Hab. Ovamponann. Ondonga (Schinz).

DamaraLAND. Okosongoho (Hermann).

BrcHuanaLanp. Lake Ngami; Garu; fossil, south of Hardeko

Drift, Botletle River (Passarge).

British BecHuaNnaLanD. Witkop (subfossil, Schultze).

?CarE or Goop Hops. Port Elizabeth (fide Morelet).

Considered by Béottger to be very near diaphana ; Mousson’s

figure, however, closely resembles angolensis, which is known from

Angola and Damaraland.

523. Ismpora sERICINA, Jickeli. [S.A.M.]

1874 Isidora sericina, Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 194. pl. 3, f. 2. pl. 7,

ft De aee

1886 Physa A », Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 325. pl. 39 (1884),

foe SEE

S980 > 3 _ » M.& P., Proc. Malls Soc ane ps 1825:

a » schackor = o es # -

1908 Isedora sericina ,, Neuville & Anthony, Ann. Sci. nat.

Paris, vuli. pp. 274, 275. NF.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. “Sours Arrica”’ (in coll. Ponsonby).

Cape oF Goop Hops. Forty-eight miles from Port Elizabeth

(‘ schackoz,”’ in coll. Ponsonby).

Described from Abyssinia.

Careful examination of the two large series, on which the record

of sericina and schackoi from South Africa was originally based,

proves them to contain only one species. Professor Thiele has

kindly compared this with Jickeli’s types, and informs me that it is

distinct from schackoi, but nearly allied to sericina, with which it

may be identical. I have therefore removed schackoi from the South

African list. Neuville and Anthony place sericina in the synonymy

of contorta, Mich. The shells are certainly very similar, and might

merge into one another, but Jickeli differentiated the two species by

their radula, and, under these circumstances, it may be inadvisable

to unite them without more extended investigation.

524, IstpoRA TROPICA (Krauss). [S.A.M.]

1848 Physa tropica, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 84. pl. 5, f. 12. DF.

i fcialeee a5, 5s », Bgt., Rev. et Mag. Zool. viii. p. 236. D.

o 3 * 5 » Amén. malac.i.p. 175. D.

248 Annals of the South African Museum.

1856 Physa cyrtonota, Bgt., Rev. et Mag. Zool. viii. p. 238. pl. 15,

lige LU IO IBL

- ‘A », Amén. malac.i.p. 177. pl. 21,£.1,2. DF.

1873 + oe Krs., Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 5,£.32. DF.

1874 Isidora ,, », dick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 205. N.

1880 Physa lurata, Crvn., P.Z.8. p. 617. pl. 57, f.10. DF.

1885 ,, tropica, Krs.,Cless., Conch. Cab. p.288.p1.41,f.8, 11. DF.

1886 ,, cyrtonata, Bgt.,Cless., cbid.p.323. pl.39 (1884),f.5. DF.

cravem, Ancey (=lirata, Crvn., 1880, nec Tristram,

1863), Ancey, Le Naturaliste, viii. p. 358.

1889 ,, lrata, Crawf., Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p.20. (Err. typ.)

1897 Isidora tropica, Krs., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr., p. 140. D.

1898 Physa craven, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 76. Hmend. Nom.

1899 Ancey, Mages AMEN iv p. Lose oN,

1910 Isidora tropica, Krs., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frank-

furt, xxxiil. p. 463. N.

Type of tropica in Stuttgart Museum; cyrtonota in Geneva

Museum; lirata in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. River Lepenula (¢ropica, Wahlberg). Mooi

River (lirata, Craven).

Natau. Examples recorded, but require verification.

Carz oF Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (lirata, fide Morelet).

Stellenbosch (Péringuey). Montagu; Black River, Maitland (Con-

nolly). Olifant River (cyrtonota, Verreaux).

DAMARALAND. Okaputa Pan (subfossil, Hermann).

Jickeli remarks that cyrtonota “‘ agrees perfectly with tropica.”” I

have not seen an authentic example of Bourguignat’s species, but

judging from his description and figure, it certainly does so. The

type set of lirata are slightly immature specimens of tropica, of

which there is a fine co-type available for comparison in the British

Museum. Krauss mentions that the young of tropzca have a ribbed

epidermis, the feature on which Craven founded his species.

” ”

525. IstpORA VERREAUXI (Bourguignat).

1856 Physa verreauxii, Bgt., Rev. et. Mag. Zool. viii. p. 237. pl. 15,

toa: DF.

a i » Amén.malac.i.p.176. pl. 21,£3,4. DF.

1886 3 ,, Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 317. pl. 39 (1884),

Bs COT:

Type—wbi ?

Hab. Carre or Goop Horz. Olifant River; Knysna (Verreaux).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 249

526. IstDORA ZANZIBARICA (Clessin). [S.A.M. ]

1886 Physa zanzebarica, Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 362. pl. 51, £.5. DF.

nSGI*, e corned, Morel., J. de C. xxxvir, p; 16. pl. i 8: Dir.

1897 Isidora zanzibarica, Cless., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 140. N.

Type of zanzibarica in Zool. Mus. Berlin; co-types of cornea in

British Museum.

Hab. Carre or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

von Martens infers that the loc. Zanzibar, originally quoted for

zanzibarica by Clessin, is incorrect, and that the species is the

same as that which was subsequently described by Morelet as

cornea. It is nearly allied to contorta.

I. zanzibarica has recently been recorded by Thiele from Central

Africa.

GrENus PHYSOPSIS, Krauss, 1848.

(Siidafr. Moll. p. 85.)

Type of Genus, Ph. africana, Krs.

527. PHYSOPSIS AFRICANA, Krauss. [S.A.M.]

1848 Physopsis africana, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 85. pl. 5,f.14. DF.

1855 be » H. & A. Ad., Gen. rec. Moll. ii. pl. 83,

f; 10)

1856 $5 » Bgt., Rev.et Mag. Zool. viii. p. 241. D.

-. - - » Amén. malac. i. p. 180. D.

1863 * », Kist., Conch. Cab. p. 72. pl. 12, f. 29,

30% DUE

1866 5 von Mts., Mal. Blatt. xiii. p. 8. WN.

1874 Physa africana, Krs., Sone Conch) con® pli tis: Da

Physopsis africana, Krs., Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 209. D.

1879 , . , Bgt., Moll. de ’Kgypte, p.12. N.

1886 Physa 3 », Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 409. pl. 41

(1885) Ft wl ar

1897 Physopsis ° » von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 142. N.

1907 Bs i » Melv. & Standen, Manchester Me-

moirs,)liy 1 ph 8, IN:

1908 , 3 » Neuville & Anthony, Ann. Sci. nat.

Paris, vill. pp. 266-270. N.F.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab, Narau. Port Natal (Wahlberg). Pietermaritzburg ; Pine-

town ; Lower Umkomaas (Burnup).

ZULULAND (Burnup; Toppin).

TransvAAu. Pretoria District (Connolly). Middelburg (Crawford).

250 Annals of the South African Museum.

Ruopesta. Gwelo (Dodds). Enkeldoorn District, Mashonaland

(Miss Sharpe-Young).

Lorenzo Marquss. River Zambesi (Peters; Kirk; Penther).

Carr or Goop Hors. Port Hlizabeth(Crawford). Knysna (Purcell).

Also distributed up the eastern side of the Continent.

Melvill and Standen, in chronicling this species from Northern

Rhodesia, remark : ‘‘ Our specimens seem intermediate between the

type and ovoidea, Bgt., which surely can be but a variety.’ Jickeli

places werneana, Troschel, in the synonymy of africana, and

expresses doubt whether “ globularis, Morel.’ (globosa, Morel.,

Voy. Welwitsch, p. 93. pl. 9, f. 6, and J. de C., 1866, p. 162), is

separable therefrom, while Neuville and Anthony consider that

abyssinica, von Mts., and eximia, Bgt., as well as ovoidea, Bgt.,

merge into Krauss’ species.

Sus-Crass STREPTONEURA, Spengel, 1881.

(Zeitschr. f. wissens. Zool. Leipzic, p. 372.)

OrpER PECTINIBRANCHIA, Cuvier, 1817.

(Régne Animal, ii. pp. 388, 415, as Pectinibranches. )

Sus-Orper TAZ NIOGLOSSA, Troschel, 1847.

(Arch. f. Naturg. xiii, 2. p. 382, and Wiegmann’s Handbuch der Zool.,

Ed. 3. 1848.)

Trine PLATYPODA, Fischer, 1883.

(Man. de Conch. p. 445.)

Faminy CYCLOPHORID, Gray, 1847.

(P.Z.8. p. 181.)

Sus-Famity CYCLOPHORINA, Fischer, 1885.

(Man. de Conch. p. 739.)

Genus CYCLOPHORUS, de Montfort, 1810.

(Conch. Syst. ii. p. 290.)

Type of Genus, C. volvulus (Mill.).

Sus-Genus MAIZANIA, Bourguignat, 1889.

(Moll, de Afr. équat. p. 148.)

(=Aferulus, von Mts., 1897; Nataha, G.-Aust., 1897 ; Hijabia, G.-

Aust., 1898; Awstrocyclus, Ancey, 1898; and Cyclophoropsis,

Dautzenberg, 1908.)

Type of Sub-Genus, C. olivaceus, Bgt.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca, 251

528. CycLopHoRus (MAIZANIA) WAHLBERGI (Benson). [S.A.M.]

1848 Cyclostoma translucidum, ‘‘ Sow.,” Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 83. N.

1852 ‘5 wahibergi, Bs., AM.N.H. x. p. 271. D.

3 a Es » Pfr., Mon. Pneum. i. p. 416. D.

1854 ie S ‘a ,, Conch. Cab. p. 386. pl. 50, f. 17—

LQ). DF:

1861 Cyclophorus = ,», Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 17, f. 81. DF.

1881 = = » smith, PiZ.S: po 2ti AN.

1902 < (Maizania) wahlbergi, Bs., Kob., Tierreich, xvi.

pp. 148, 152. FD.

Specimens ex auct. in University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

Hab. Navau (Wahlberg, per Stevens). Durban; Isipingo (Pen-

ther). Generally in the bush fringing the coast (Burnup).

CapE oF Goop Hops. Pondoland (Beyrich). Port Grosvenor

(Bachmann).

Also known in German East Africa and Nyassaland.

Smith (1881) considers that C. magilensis, Craven, from Magila,

may prove to be only the young state of this species.

Genus CHONDROCYCLUS, Ancey, 1898.

(Bull. Mus. Marseille, i. p. 136.)

Type of Genus, C. convexiusculus (Pfr.).

529. CHONDROCYCLUS CONVEXIUSCULUS (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

1855 Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) convexiusculum, Pfr., P.Z.S.p. 104. D.

1858 Cyclophorus convexiusculus, Pfr., Mon. Pneum. ii. p. 68. D.

1861 oF », Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 19, f.92.

DT,

1880 Cyclotus alabastris, Craven, P.Z.S. p. 619. pl. 57, £9. DF’.

1899 Chondrocyclus alabastris, Crvn., M. & P., A.M.N.H.iv. p. 193. NV.

1902 ie convexiusculus, Pfr., Kob., Tierreich, xvi. p.230. D.

» Cyclophorus (Marzania) alabastris, Crvyn., Kob., zbid. p. 149. D.

Types in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr (Macgillivray). George District;

Tharfield; Camps Bay; Simonstown (Layard), Montagu (Con-

nolly). Port Elizabeth (Crawford). Grahamstown; Bedford (Far-

quhar). Cape Récif, Algoa Bay (alabastris, Craven). Pirie Forest

(Godfrey).

As Crawford writes, alabastris is a beach-rolled and polished

specimen of convexiusculus, in the synonymy of which it must be

placed.

252 Annals of the South African Museum.

var. MINOR, Benson. [S.A.M.]

Cyclophorus plicicutis, Bs., in litt.

1856 A convextusculus, Pfr., var. minor, Bs., A.M.N.H.

xviii. p. 438. D.

1858 a convexiusculus, Pir., var. minor, Bs., Pfr., Mon.

Pneum. ii. p. 68. D.

Hab, Oark Preninsuta. Table Mountain (Layard).

The form most commonly found in the Cape Peninsula, but hardly

worthy of varietal rank.

530. CHONDROCYCLUS EXSERTUS, Melv. & Pons. [8.A.M.]

1993 Chondrocyclus exsertus, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 608. pl. 32,

fle Dak.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Natat, Umkomaas; Umbogintwini; Equeefa (Burnup).

531. CHONDROCYCLUS ISIPINGOENSIS (Sturany). [S.A.M.]

1898 ? Cyclotus isipingéensis, Stur., Anz. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien. xvi.

Sonderabdruck, p. 9. D.

» Cyclophorus minimus, M. & P., A.M.N.H.ii. p. 129. pl.7,£.9. DP.

» ?Cyclotusisipingéensis, Stur.,S.A. Moll. p.81. pl. 2,£.37-39. DP.

1899 Cyclophorus ninimus,M.& P., A.M.N.H. iv. pl. 3, f. 15 (Operculwm).

1902 5 (Maizania) isipingdensis, Stur., Kob., Tierreich,

xvi p. 149: D:

Ks S r minimus, M. & P., Kob., zbid. p. 150. D.

Type of nunimus in British Museum ; isepingdensis in Naturh.

Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. Narvau. Durban; Isipingo (Penther), Pietermaritzburg,

and in bush generally, from the coast to Dargle and Karkloof

(Burnup).

Carg or Goop Horr. Maestrém Forest, Bedford (Farquhar).

It seems more natural to place this species in the same Genus as

convexiusculus, which it resembles in miniature, than in Maizania.

Famity POMATIIDA, B. B. Woodward, 1903.

(Journ. of Conch. x. p. 356.)

(=Cyclostomatide, Auctt.)

Genus TROPIDOPHORA, Troschel, 1847.

(Zeitschr. f. Malak. iv. p. 44.)

Type of Genus, 7’. cwvieriana (Petit).

fieference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 253

Sus-Genus LIGATELLA, von Martens, 1880.

(Meeresfauna Mauritius, p. 186.)

(= Rochebrunia, Bourguignat, 1881.)

Type of Sub-Genus, 7’. listeri (Gray).

532. TROPIDOPHORA CALCAREA (Sowerby). [S.A.M.]

1822 Cyclostoma sulcata, Lam., Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. vi, 2. p. 144. D.

1838 3 os » Desh., Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. viii.

p. 354. D.

1841 - * », Delessert, Recueil de Coquilles

décrites par Lamarck,pl.29,f 9. DF’.

1847 a calcareum, Sow. (=sulcata, Lam., 1822, nec Drap.,

1805), Sow., Thesaurus Conch. i. p. 118. pl. 26, f. 113. DF.

1848 Cyclostoma calcareum, Sow., Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 88. pl. 11

CSA. al 12. DLE.

1852 Cyclostomus calcareus, Sow., Pfr., Mon. Pneum. i. pe2vl DD:

1858 _ sulcatus, Lam. (=calcareus, Sow.), Pfr., Mon.

Pneum., ii. p. 115.

1861 Cyclostoma calcareum, Sow., Rve., Conch. Icon. je Bit, day JO Ria

1879 <s ts ;, Gibb., Journ. of Conch. ii.p. 145. N.

1881 is imsulare (var.), Smith, P.Z.S. p. 277. pl. 32, f. 1. NF.

1897 " calcareum, Sow., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 3. N.

Originals of calcarea in British Museum.

Hab. Lorenzo Marquzs. Tette (Kirk ; Thomson).

Also known from East and Central Africa.

533. TROPIDOPHORA COMBURENS, Mely. & Pons. [S.A.M.]

1903 Tropidophora comburens, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xii. p. 608. pl. 32,

ieee Be OL ie

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zuuvtand. Makowe (Burnup).

534. TROPIDOPHORA FOVEOLATA (Mely. & Pons.).

1895 Cyclostoma foveolatum, M.& P., A.M.N.H.xy.p.164.pl.12,f.4. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. “S. Arrica” (fide M. & P.).

Cape oF Goop Horr. Port Alfred (Farquhar).

? Nava (fide Sturany).

(yi

Annals of the South African Museum.

535. 'TROPIDOPHORA HARTVIGIANA (Pfeiffer).

1862 Cyclostomus hartvigianus, Pfr., Mal. Blatt. ix. p. 203. D.

1863 vat »» Novit. Conch. i. p. 225. pl. 59,

fuel 12. Dee

1865 ae » Mon; Pnoeum nip. 138i.) 2:

Originals in British Museum.

Hab. ‘‘Soutn Arrica”’ (Hartvig).

536. TROPIDOPHORA INSULARIS (Pfeiffer). [S.A.M.]

1852 Cyclostoma insulare, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 64. D.

», Cyclostomus insularis, Pir., Mon. Pneum. i. p. 215. D.

1854 Cyclostoma insulare, Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 351. pl. 45, f.5, 6. DF’.

1861 - * », Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 8, f. 41. DF.

he E kraussianum, Pir., Rve., Conch. Icon. pl.9, f.52. DL’.

1897 o ansulare, Pfr., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 5. N.

The species figured by E. A. Smith (P.Z.8., 1881, p. 277. pl. 32,

f. 1) is attributed by von Martens to calcarea.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navau. Generally, on the coast and in the Midlands

(Burnup).

TRANSVAAL. Pietpotgietersrust (Connolly).

GRiqguaALAND West. Modder River, near Kimberley (Miss

Wilman).

Cars oF Goop Hors. Alexandria District (Crawford).

Originally described as from Mauritius.

537. TROPIDOPHORA KRAUSSIANA, Pfeiffer.

1852 Cyclostoma (Tropidophora) kraussianwm, Pir., P.Z.8. p. 64. D.

», Cyclostomus kraussianus, Pir., Mon. Pneum. i. p. 204. D.

1854 Cyclostoma kraussianum ,, Conch. Cab. p. 334. pl. 43, f. 17,

SS) Dae

1881 s » smith, P.Z.8. p. 278 N.

1897 » von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 5. N.

Type in British Museum,

Hab. Nara. Cape Natal (coll. Cuming).

TRANSVAAL. Pilgrim’s Rest (Craven).

Lorenzo Marques. Inhambane (Gibbons).

Care oF Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (fide Morelet). Pondoland

(Beyrich), and Port Grosvenor (Bachmann), fide von Martens.

The type, from the Cuming collection, appears to be a deformed

shell, and the other localities quoted should be accepted with due

reservation.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 255

538. TROPIDOPHORA LIGATA (Miiller). [S.A.M.]

1774 Nerita ligata, Mill., Verm. ii. p. 181. D.

1786 Turbo ligatus, Miill., Chem., Conch. Cab. ix, 2. p. 60. pl. 123,

feeOME LOT. 3,4. DF.

1822 Cyclostomaligata, Miill., Lam., Hist. nat. An.s. Vert.vi,2. p.147. D.

1831 i ligatum, Miill., Sow., Genera of Shells, pl.176,f.4. F.

1838 ks ligata, Lam., Desh., Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. viii.

p. 359. D.N.

1847 ss ligatum, Miill., Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 33. pl. 4 (1843),

f. 12, 13: ples isan DS:

95 ; » Lam., Sow., Thesaurus Conch. i. p. 98.

pl. 23, f 245 soa

1848 4 » Lam., Krs., Stidafr. Moll. p. 82. DN.

1852 Cyclostomus ligatus, Mill., Pfr., Mon. Pneum. i. p. 221. D.

1859 Cyclostoma ligatum » von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 215. N.

1861 3 », Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 9, £.54. DF.

1897 * » von-Mits:, D=O-Afr ps5: iN:

Original in University Zool. Mus. Copenhagen.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Simon’s Bay (McGillivray). Port

Elizabeth ; Alexandria District ; Uitenhage; Addo (Crawford). Thar-

field (Layard). Mossel Bay ; Port Alfred (Farquhar). Knysna(O’Connor).

Natau. Coast and Midlands, generally (Burnup). Kamiesberg

(Zeyher).

TRANSVAAL. Lydenburg; Barberton (fide Sturany),.

Lorenzo Marques. Tette (Peters). Rikatla (Junod).

var. CAFFRA, Beck. [S.A.M.]

1861 Cyclostoma caffrum, Beck, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 11, f. 67. DF.

1865 Cyclostomus caffer » _ Pir, Mon, Paeum? i, p. 129) 2,

Originals in British Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Hops (Kcklon, in British Museum).

Merely a white form of ligata.

var. MINOR, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M.]

1828 Turbo ligatus, Wood, Index Test. p. 151. pl. 32, f. 122. F.

1847 Cyclostoma affine, Sow. (=Turbo ligatus, Wood), Sow.,

Thesaurus Conch. i. p. 98. pl. 23, f. 25, 26. D.F.

1848 Cyclostoma affine, Sow., Pfr., Conch. Cab. p. 62. pl. 8 (1847),

{27 Lea Dee

A us » Krs., Stidafr. Moll. p. 82, N,

256 Annals of the South African Musewm.

1852 Cyclostomus ligatus, Mill., var. minor, Pfr. (=C. affine, Sow.)

Pfr., Mon. Pneum, i. p. 222. N.

Hab. Carr Prninsuta. Generally distributed.

539. TROPIDOPHORA LINEATA (Pfeiffer).

1852 Cyclostoma lineatum, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 65. LD.

», Cyclostomus lineatus ,, Mon. Pneum. i. p. 222. D.

1854 Cyclostoma lineatum ,, Conch. Cab. p. 350. pl. 45, f.3,4. DP.

1881 *s ye telecuinany Ie Aje mn oN Ton © IN

Type in British Museum, from “? Madagascar. Coll. Cuming.”

Hab. Navat (coll. Cuming, in British Museum).

540. TRop:rpoPHORA OCHRACEA (Mely. & Pons.).

1896 Cyclostoma ochraceum, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xvi. p. 318. pl. 16,

{3.9 DE

Type in British Museum.

Hab. ‘“Sourn Arrica”’ (fide M. & P.).

541. TROPIDOPHORA PLURILIRATA, Fulton. [S.A.M. ]

1903 Tropidophora plurilirata, Fulton, Journ. of Malac. x. p. 103.

aw ijche Dae

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Horr. Grahamstown (Miss Leppan; Far-

quhar).

Natau. Pinetown; Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

542. TROPIDOPHORA SARCODES (Pfeiffer).

1856 Czclostoma sarcodes, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 339. D.

1858 Cyclostomus Es 5 Mon. Poeun ap: 120:7 D-

1861 Cyclostoma fs », Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 10,f.61. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops. Knysna (Cox; O'Connor).

The type-locality—Madagascar (coll. Cuming)—is probably erro-

neous.

543. TROPIDOPHORA TRANSVAALENSIS (Mely. & Pons.). [S.A.M.]

1891 Cyclostoma transvaalense, M. & P., A.M.N.H. vii. p. 237. D.

1892 * i _ ix, p. 94. pl. 5, f. 6.

INTHE

Type in British Museum.

Hab. TRansvaau, Pretoria (Farquhar).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 257

Famity AMPULLARIID, Gray, 1840.

(Syn. Brit. Mus. p. 115, as Ampullariade, emend. d’Orbigny, 1842, Paléont. Franc.,

Terr. Crétacés, ii. p. 30.)

Genus AMPULLARIA, Lamarck, 1799.

(Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 76.)

Type of Genus, A. ampullacea (Lin.).

544, AMPULLARIA OCCIDENTALIS, Mousson.

1887 Ampullaria occidentalis, Mouss.,J.de C.xxxv.p.299.pl.12,f.9. DF.

1904 ‘ » von Mts.,Die Kalahari,p.756. N.

1910 ' » Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt,xxx1i.p.453. N.

Type in Zurich Museum.

Hab. Ovamponanp. Kunene River (Geale; Schinz).

DAMARALAND. Okosongoho (Hermann).

BrcHUANALAND. Nausche, or Nausib, River ; Okavango marshes ;

Lake Ngami; Botletle District (Passarge).

Also chronicled from Angola.

Genus LANISTES, de Montfort, 1810.

(Conch. Syst. ii. p. 122.)

Type of Genus, ZL. oliviert, de Montf.

Sus-Genus MELADOMUOS, Swainson, 1840.

(Treatise on Malac. p. 340.)

Type of Sub-Genus, L. hulimoides, Swains. (purpureus, Jonas).

045. LANISTES ELLIPTICUS, von Martens.

1866 Lanistes ellipticus, von Mts., Novit. Conch. ii. p. 294. pl. 70,

Tee OE DD. TT

1877 he solidus; Smith, P:Z.S ep. 762 pl. 74, f) 10; ik) See

1886 a zambesianus, Furtado, J.de C.xxxiv.p.148.pl.7,f.1. DF.

1897 A ellipticus, von Mts. (=solidus, Smith), von Mts.,

D.-O.-Afr. p. 168. N.

ry ». (=zambesianus, Furt.), Stur., S.A.

Moll. p. 87. N.

Type of ellipticus in Zool. Mus. Berlin ; solidus in British Museum.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Tette (Peters; Ivens; Capello).

Ruopes1a. Mouth of Tschobe River (Holub).

1898

258 Annals of the South African Museum.

L. solidus was recorded from Quilimane and Nyassa, and zam-

besianus from below Tette.

var. TRAPEZIFORMIS, Furtado.

1886 Lanistes ellipticus, von Mts., var. trapeziformis, Furtado,

J. de C. xxxiv. p. 150. D.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. River Zambesi, below Tette (Capello

& Ivens).

546. LANISTES OLIVACEUS, Sowerby, var. AMBIGUUS, von Martens.

1851, 2 Ampullaria ovum (pars), Phil., Conch. Cab. p. 22. pl. 7,£.7. DF.

1866 Lanistes olivaceus, Sow., var. ambiguus, von Mts., Novit.

Coneh, my p. 292. pl. 71, £3, 4. DE.

1879 Meladomus ambiguus, von Mts., Bgt., Moll. de ’Egypte, p. 34.

1897 Lanistes olivaceus, Sow., var. ambiguus, von Mts., D.-O.-Afr.

p. 165: “DIN.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Tette (Peters). Delagoa Bay (Junod ;

native name, Chibyabya). Gorongozo District (Wells-Cole).

547. LANISTES ovum, Peters. [S.A.M.]

1845 Lanistes ovum, Ptrs., Trosch., Archiv. f. Naturg. xi, 1. p. 215. D.

1851, 2 Ampullaria ovum, Ptrs., Phil., Conch. Cab. p. 22. pl. 6, f. 2. F.

1857 Lanistes ovum, Ptrs., Trosch., Gebiss der Schnecken, 1. p. 90.

plete ee

1866 Aa rf » von Mts., Novit. Conch. ii. p.290. WN.

1870 f - 3 ms Mal. Blatt. xvii. p. 35. WN.

1874 Ai ks » dick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 230. D.

ior if afinis, Smith, PoA.S2 sp. 116. play ieee

1881 fe Ke . 5 290) pl. 34) fe 25.) ANGE.

1891 F x ‘ von Mits., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr.

Berliay sp. Ju" N,

1897 M2 ovum, Ptrs. (=affinis, Smith), von Mts., D.-O.-Afr.

py 166. DLN.

1898 " a » Stur.,S.A. Moll. p. 86. pl.3,f.62,63. NF.

1904 hs i von Mts., Die Kalahari, p. 756. N.

1907 e ca Smith, Mely. & Standen, Manchester Memoirs,

hi, 4.)p. 6. Ne

Type of affinis in British Museum ; ovwm in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Lorenzo Marqusrs. Tette (Peters). Itschongove, Dela-

goa Bay (Schenck).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 259

BECHUANALAND. Ngami River (Passarge).

Transvaan. ‘ Libonibo”’ (? Lebombo) (Wilms).

MATEBILILAND. Meno’s Kraal (Penther).

Ruopesta. Victoria Falls (Connolly).

Also known from North, West, and East Africa, and Northern

Rhodesia.

von Martens (1897) places affinis, Smith, in the synonymy of

ovum, while Melvill and Standen (1907) remark that affinis seems a

distinct species.

References to both are given above for purpose of comparison.

var. ELATIOR, von Martens.

1866 Lanistes ovum, Ptrs., var. elatior, von Mts., Novit. Conch. ii.

Desotapl. 70,1. 7, 8. Dek

1879 Meladomus elatior, Bgt., Moll. de l’Egypte, p. 35.

Described from Niebohr River, 8° N. lat. (Heuglin).

var. INGENS, Ancey.

1894 Meladomus ovum, Ptrs., var. ingens, Ancey, Mém. Soe. Zool.

Fr. vil. p. 223. D.

Described from Karonga, B.C.A.

548. LANISTES PURPUREUS (Jonas).

1839 Ampullaria purpurea, Jonas, Archiv. f. Naturg. v, 1. p. 342.

post De.

» Bulimus tristis, Jay, Catalogue of Shells, p. 121. ‘i Uo tol cL

1840 Meladomus bulimoides, Swainson, Treatise on Malae. p. 340. D.

1845 Lanistes purpurea, Jon. (=tristis, Jay), Trosch., Archiv. f.

Nature. x1, 1. 9p: 2165 2;

1851, 2 Ampullaria purpurea,Jon.,Phil.,Conch.Cab.p.22.pl.6,f£.1. DF.

1854 Meladomus olivaceus, ‘‘ Sow.,’”’ H. & A. Ad., Gen. rec. Moll. i.

p: 349, and i, pl. 37,5. Oe

1859 Lanistes purpureus, Jon., von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 216. N.

1860 Ampullaria olivacea, ‘“‘ Sow.” (=purpureus, Jonas), Morel.,

Séties Conch. ii. p. 108. N.

1866 Lanistes purpureus, Jon., von Mts., Novit. Conch. i. p. 293. N.

1881 5s j}; womth,, PAS: pi 2900 .N.

1897 53 » von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 163. D.N.

Type of purpureus in Zool. Mus. Berlin; tristis in American

Museum of Natural History, New York.

Hab, Lorenzo Marquss. Tette (Peters).

Also found in East Africa and Zanzibar.

260 Annals of the South African Museum.

Originally described as from the Swan River, Australia.

von Martens (1897) considers M. bloyeti and nitidissimus, Bgt., to

be merely varieties of purpureus.

Famity VIVIPARIDA, Gray, 1847.

(P.Z.S. p. 155.)

(= Paludinide, Auctt.)

Genus VIVIPARA, de Montfort, 1810.

(Conch. Syst. ii. p. 247, as Viviparus, emend. Dupuy, 1851, Hist. nat. des Moll... .

qui vivent en France, p. 534.)

(= Vivipare, Lam., 1809, and Paludina, Lam., 1812.)

Type of Genus, V. fluviorum, de Monté. (vivipara, Lin.).

549, VIVIPARA CAPILLATA, von Frauenfeld.

1865 Vivipara capillata, Frnfd., P.Z.S. p. 659. D.

Verh. Zool. Ges. Wien, xv. p. 533.

pl, 22) De.

be bh) 39 99

1877 Paludina a > smith, PAS. p. ain. pl. (43,4.

1907 Vivipara Af » Kob., Conch. Cab. p.174. pl. 34, f. 5-8.

DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Zovuuvuvanp. Lake Sibayi (Toppin).

Ruopesia. ? Victoria Falls (Morrell, fide Preston; Dixey and

Longstaff).

Lorenzo Marquess. Rikatla (Junod).

Originally described from Lake Nyassa.

550. VIVIPARA PASSARGEI, von Martens.

1904 Vivipara passarget, von Mts., Die Kalahari, pp. 767 ; 755, f.3. DF.

Type—uwbi ?

Hab. BrcHUANALAND. In marly sandstone at the Letter Tree,

Botletle (subfossil, Passarge).

Founded on a single specimen, “similar to the East African

V. wnicolor.”

551. VIVIPARA SAMBESIENSIS, Sturany. [S.A.M. ]

1898 Vivipara unicolor, Oliv., var. sambesiensis, Stur., S.A. Moll.

p.. 8d) plod. or-Ol De.

1905 - densestriata, Prest., Proc. Mal. Soe. vi. p.300, f.2. DF.

1907 7. sambesiensis, Stur., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 172. pl. 33,

f, 15, Ue.) hDLEe

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 261

1907 Vivipara densestriata, Prest., Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 173. pl. 33,

fe ( 0) LD SIN SE

1909 6 sambesiensis, Stur. (cum var. densestriata, Prest.),

Kob., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 79.

Type of sambesiensis in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna ; densestriata in

British Museum.

Hab. Ruopvesia. Victoria Falls (sambesiensis, Penther ; dense-

striata, Morrell),

I adopt Kobelt’s synonymy, in the belief that only one variable

species of Vivipara inhabits the Zambesi at the Victoria Falls. It

seems probable that the reported occurrence of V. capillata, Frnfd.,

in the same locality also refers to sambesiensis.

Genus CLEOPATRA, Troschel, 1857.

(Gebiss der Schnecken, i. p. 100.)

Type of Genus, C. bulimoides (Oliv.).

522. CLEOPATRA FERRUGINEA (Lea).

1850 Melania ferruginea, Lea, P.Z.S. p. 182. D.

1851 ve zanguebarensis, Petit, J. de C. ii. p. 263. pl. 7, f.1. DF.

3 33 amena, Morel., J. de C. ii. p. 192. pl. 5, f. 9. DF.

% %9 3; » Rev. et Mag. Zool. p. 220. D.

1860 ie 3 » séries conch. ii. p. 117. LD.

‘3 ‘ ferruginea, Lea, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 21,f.147. DF.

1878 Paludomus africana, von Mts., Monats.-Ber. K. Akad. Wiss.

Berlin, p. 297. pl. 2, f: 11-13. Dat:

1879 Cleopatra kynganicaand cameron, Bgt.,Moll.del’Egypte,p.21. D.

1881 Paludomus ferrugineus, Lea,Smith, P.Z.S. p.294. pl.34,£.29. NF’.

1894 Cleopatra ferruginea ,, (=africana, von Mts.), Smith, Proc.

Maly Socsis pis] seve

1897 iv - » von MitsicDEO Air p. 1885 Ne

cs sg amena, Morel., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 187. D.

1899 BS ferruginea, Lea (=amena, Morel.), M.& P., A.M.N.H.

IV) psldos aN

1909 bs - ,, Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 401. pl. 76, f. 22.

IDWaE

be amena, Morel., Kob., ibid. p. 396. pl. 76, f. 15. DP.

1911 » ferruginea, Lea, Smith, Proc. Mal. Soc. ix. p.240. NF.

Types of ferruginea and amena in British Museum.

Hab. Zuwvuvtanpd. Manuan Creek (Anderson).

Lorenzo Marques. River Quaqua, near the mouth of the Zam-

besi (Stuhlmann). Itschongove (fide Sturany).

262 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Care OF Goop Hops. Prieska (Gibbons, fide M. & P.).

This species, originally founded on a single specimen collected at

Zanzibar, is rather widely distributed in Hast Africa, and has

apparently been described under various different names. Melvill

and Ponsonby, after comparison of the types, place C. amena in the

synonymy, and von Martens cannot separate cameroni and kynganica,

Bgt., from ferruginea ; while Smith (1881) remarks that “ Melania

zanguebarica of Petit appears to be the same as this species; and

P. africanus of Martens, if not identical, offers but slight distinctions.”

503. CLEOPATRA MORRELLI, Preston.

1905 Cleopatra morrelli, Prest., Proc. Mal. Soe. vi. p. 300, f. 3. DP.

1909 morelli, ‘‘ Smith,’ Kob., Conch. Cab. p. 391. pl. 76,

iis Oe {he wen Ol aie

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Ruopesta. Victoria Falls (Morrell).

var. COSTATA, Preston.

1905 Cleopatra morrelli, var. costata, Prest., Proc. Mal. Soe. vi.

pp: 300; £43301. OD:

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Ruopesta. Victoria Falls (Morrell).

Famity MELANIIDA, d’Orbigny, 1837.

(Moll. Canar. p. 77, as Melanide.)

Sus-Famity MELANIINA, H. & A. Adams, 1854.

(Gen. rec. Moll. i. p. 294.)

Genus MELANIA, Lamarck, 1799.

(Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, p. 75.)

Type of Genus, M. amarula (Lin.).

554. MELANIA AMARULA (Linné).

1758 Helix amarula, Lin., Syst. Nat., Ed. 10.1. p. 774. D.

1764 .S ~» Mus. ud Ur p. 672: Dd.

LAS ; » woyst. Naty Eid: 12: p. 1249. Dp:

1774 Buccinum amarula, Mill., Verm. 1. p. 137. D.

1786 Helix a Lin., Chem., Conch. Cab. ix, 2. p. 157.

pl 134, £, 1218, 19) pyr.

1785) ae ' , Gmel., Syst.Nat.,Hd.13.i,6.p.3656. D.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 263

1824 Melania amarula, Lin., Sow., Genera of Shells, pl. 180, f. 1.

1828 34 ‘ Lam., Stark, Elem. Nat. Hist. ii. p.53. D.

1838 F * , Desh., Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. viii.

p: 431.) D3

1839 A moreleti, Desh., Traité Elem. Conch. pl. 74, f.13,14. F.

1854 Tiara amarula, Lin., H. & A. Ad., Gen. rec. Moll. i. p. 294,

and iii. pl. 31, f.3. F.

1860 Melania ,, ,»» Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 25, £.177. DF.

1877 i Fe Brug., Brot, Conch. Cab. p. 289. pl. 29, f.1. DP’.

- morelett, Desh., Brot, ibid. p. 291. pl. 30, f. 2. DF’.

1880 a (Tiara) amarula, Lin., von Mts., Meeresfauna Mauritius,

p. 210. N.

1884 Tiara amarula, Lin. (=moreleti, Desh.), Nev., Hand List, ii.

peli.) aN.

Type—ubi ?

Hab. Narau. Izezela (Sweeney). Umkomaas (Burnup).

Also known from Mauritius and Madagascar.

Nevill (1884) writes: “I think I may state positively that

Deshayes’ M. moreleti is the young of the typical form” (amarula),

‘notwithstanding the remarkable ‘ quasi’ adult appearance that it

invariably presents.”’

It is questionable whether the Natalian examples should be attri-

buted to amarula or to the following species.

555. Menanta coacta (Meuschen).

1780 Helix amarula, “Lin.,” Born, Test. Mus. Caes. Vindobone,

pregle pl. 16, 6:21. DF.

1787 Strombus coactus, Meuschen, Museum Geversianum, p. 294. D.

1877 Melania thiarella, Lam. (=coactus, Meusch.), Brot, Conch.

Cab. p. 291. pl. 29, fd Dee

1897 He coacta, Meusch., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 197. pl. 6,

feoO4 LOE.

Type—whr ?

Hab. Lorenzo Marquess. Rikatla; Nkomati River, near Mora-

kouene (Junod).

von Martens mentions several localities in Zanzibar and East

Africa.

556. MELANIA CRAWFORDI, Brot. [S.A.M.]

1894 Melania crawfordi, Brot, J. de C. xli. p. 473. pl. 9, £5. DF.

Type in British Museum.

264 Annals of the South African Museum.

Hab. Transvaau, Middelburg (Crawford). Hennop’s River and

Crocodile River, Pretoria District (McBean; Connolly).

Carr oF Goop Hopr. Sundays River, Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

557. MELANIA TUBERCULATA (Miller). [S.A.M.]

1774 Nerita tuberculata, Mull., Verm. 11. p. 191. JD.

1786 se a 3s) Chem? Conch Cab. 1x7 2p. 1S9!

pli 1386; tf) 1261, 12620 AD et

1842 Melania rs a he AbbwusBeschr ip) ola

nial (2: ey DY ade

1849 x i. » Mouss., Moll. von Java, p. 73. pl. 11,

eRe iau Dia!

1859 + 7 yi wer Couch: cons pliispis 8. Dar,

» inhambamca, von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 216. pl. 2,

PoliOI eer:

1874 9 tuberculata, Mill., Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 251. pl. 3,

fs egplatinuls bi. peri iite

1875 a inhambanica, von Mts., Brot, Conch. Cab. p. 66. pl. 7,

ieee SORE

1877 - tuberculata, Miull., Brot, zbid. p. 247. pl. 26, f. 11. DF.

1881 2 5 57 Crosse, d. de Cy xxix pr 232) iN:

1884 i. - , Nev., Hand List, i. p. 239. N.

1897 a a 7 von Wiis) Di-Or Atri, 193.) 7D)

1904 - id BS He Die Kalahari, p. 757. N.

1908 % 4 » Dautz.,J.deC. lvi.p.23. References.

1909 ae a Kob., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Bianikfurt, LXxU, pod pl. LOS. oO; 6.0 Nee.

Original in University Zool. Mus. Copenhagen.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Inhambane; Tette (Peters). Quaqua

River (inhambanica, Stuhlmann).

TRANSVAAL. Komati District (inhambanica, Schenck). Middel-

burg (Crawford).

ZULULAND Hast (Burnup).

Natau. Umgeni Lagoon (Burnup).

BECHUANALAND, Makarrikarri Pan; Lake Ngami; Botletle Dis-

trict ; Mori Mossetla, Ngami River (fossil, Passarge).

Described from Coromandel, and very widely distributed over

Africa and parts of Asia, the coasts of the Mediterranean, Java,

Borneo, and other islands of the Pacific Ocean. Jickeli (1874)

includes in its synonymy : Strombus costatus and transversim striatus,

Schrot.; Strombus vibex and H. acicula, Gmelin; M. fasciolata,

Oliv.; ?Nerita lacustris, Brocchi; M. aspersa, Trosch.; porcata,

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 265

Jonas; tamszi and flammigera, Dky.; rivularis, Phil.; wnifasciata

and rothiana, Mouss.; indefinita, Lea; zengana and comerson,

Morel.; ?newcombii, Lea; judaica, Roth; tigrina, Hutt. ; pyrams, Bs.;

exusta and wallacei, Rve.; punctulata, Grat.; abyssinica, Riippell ;

beryllina, Brot; layardi, Dohrn; and rubropunctata, Tristram.

Brot (1877) adds to the above M. sutwralis, Phil. ; truncatula, Lam. ;

mauricia, Less.; and incontaminata, muricata, and biscare, Parreyss.

558. Meuanta victorr#, Dohrn.

1865 Melania victorie, Dohrn, P.Z.8. p. 234. D.

1877 . eo Brot, Conch. Cab. p.257.pl.26,f.2. DP’.

Originals in British Museum.

Hab. Ruopesta. Victoria Falls (Kirk; Morrell).

Faminy PALUDESTRINIDA, B. B. Woodward, 1903.

(Journ. of Conch. x. p. 355.)

(= Hydrobide, Auctt.)

Genus PALUDESTRINA, d’Orbigny, 1840.

(Voy. Amer. Merid., Moll. p. 381.)

(= Hydrobia, Hartmann, 1821, nec Leach, in Coleoptera 1817.)

Type of Genus, P. auberiana, D’Orb.

559. PALUDESTRINA ALABASTRINA (Morelet).

1889 Hydrobia alabastrina, Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p. 19. pl. 2, £5. DP’.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carre or Goop Hops. Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

560. PALUDESTRINA TRISTIS (Morelet). [S.A.M.]

1889 Hydrobia tristis, Morel., J. de C. xxxvil. p. 18. pl. 2, f.4. DP.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Cars or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

Narau. Lower Umkomaas; Winkel Spruit (Burnup).

561. PALUDESTRINA ZWELLENDAMENSIS (Kiister).

1852, 3 Paludina zwellendamensis, Krs., Kist., Conch. Cab. p. 53.

pl. 10;4) 1920.99 Dee

Type—wbi ?

Hab. Cars or Goop Horr. Zoetendals Valley, Swellendam

District (Krauss).

Kiister wrongly ascribes this species to Krauss’ Siidafr. Mollusken.

The description in Conch. Cab. is from a shell in coll. Kuster.

266 Annals of the South African Museum.

Famity TRUNCATELLID4A, Gray, 1840.

(Syn. Brit. Mus. pp. 117, 148.)

Genus TRUNCATELLA, Risso, 1826.

(Hist. nat. Europe mérid. iv. p. 124.)

(= Truncatula, Leach, 1818 (ined.) ; Hrpetrometra, Lowe, 1831; and

Choristoma, de Cristofori and Jan, 1832.)

Type of Genus, 7’. levigata, Risso.

562. TRUNCATELLA TERES, Pfeiffer. [S.A.M.]

1856 Truncatella teres, Pir., P.Z.S. p. 336. D.

Re Re 7, Mon. Aunics p88. 12)

1857 Pe 3 Cat.) Auries p.\136. + D:

1868 - », Cox, Mon. Austral. Landshells, p. 92.

pole Ike TON ie

1874 Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 188. D.

Type in British Museum.

Hab, Carr oF Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Crawford ; Penther ;

Farquhar).

First recorded from Mauritius and Australia; also known from

the Red Sea.

Genus TOMICHIA, Benson, 1851.

(A.M.N.H. vii. p. 378.)

Type of Genus, 7’. ventricosa (Rve.).

563, ToMICHIA VENTRICOSA (Reeve). [S.A.M.]

1842 Truncatella ventricosa, Sow., Rve., Conch. Syst. 1. p. 94. pl. 182,

fone cab

1846 f! a3 », Pir., Zeitschr.f. Malak.iii.p.189. D.

1848 * es ye = capensis, rs. aot ith), airs:

Stidafr. Moll. p.87.pl.5,f.22. DP.

1851 Tomichia - pes MIN Ee sat pd.)

1855 Truncatella ie >, acust.,, Conch. Cab: p, 13: ply 2,

fyaisal: |) Dek

» Lomichia - js oH. & A. Ad., Geng recy Mol“.

p. 313, and ii. pl. 88, f. 4. DF.

1885 Hydrobia caledonensis, Chaper, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. x. p. 484.

plo dd & oy Dee

1889 tS . Morel., J. de C.xxxvii.p.18. N.

veference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 267

1901 Tomichia ventricosa, Sow. (=caledonensis, Chaper), Ancey, J. de

C. xlix. p. 225. N. :

Type of ventricosa in British Museum ; caledonensis in Keole des

Mines, Paris.

Hab. Carre oF Goop Horr. Cape Flats; Zoetendals Valley

(Krauss). ‘‘ Baszaarm’s”’ (Baas Harman’s) Kraal; Michelville, or

Holloway’s Halfway House (Benson). Port Elizabeth (Crawford ;

Farquhar). Coega (Crawford). Near Caledon (caledonensis, Chaper).

Milnerton (Connolly). Vogel Vlei, Calvinia Division (fossil, Moffatt).

var. BREVIS, Krauss.

1848 Truncatella ventricosa, Sow.,var.brevis, Krs.,Siidafr. Moll.p.87. D.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Cape Flats; Zoetendals Valley

(Krauss). Herste River (Connolly). Lorens River, Somerset Dis-

trict (Holub).

Faminty ASSEMANIIDA, H. & A. Adams, 1856.

(Gen. rec. Moll. ii. p. 314, as Assiminiidee, emend. B. B. Woodward, 1903, Journ.

of Conch. x. p. 356.)

Genus ASSEMANIA, Leach in Fleming, 1828.

(Hist. Brit. Anim. p. 275, as Assiminea, emend. Knight, 1900, Journ. of Conch. ix.

p. 275, and B. B. Woodward, 1903, Journ. of Conch. x. pp. 356, 366.)

(=Assiminia, Assaminea, Auctt.)

Type of Genus, A. grayana, Leach.

564. ASSEMANIA BIFASCIATA, Nevill. [S.A.M.]

1880 Assiminia bifasciata, Nev., Journ.As.Soc. Bengal,xlix,2.p.162. D.

1887 Assiminea iy ,, Bttg., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges.

Xv. p. U6i wD:

Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Hab. Narau. Port Natal (Nevill). Umblatusani; Umlaas and

Umkomaas Rivers (Burnup).

565. ASSEMANIA FASCIATA (Krauss).

1848 Paludina fasciata, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 56. pl. 5, f. 18. DF.

1887 Assiminea _,, ,, Bttg., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges.

xiv. p. £74. D.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Knysna and Zoetendals Valleys

(Krauss).

268 Annals of the South African Museum.

566. ASSEMANIA HIDALGOI (Gassies).

1869 Hydrocena hidalgoi, Gass., J. de C. xvii. p. 78. D.

1882 Assiminea granum, Morel.,J.deC.xxx.pp.105,198.pl.4,f£.8. D.N LP,

1883 A fs 5, (hidalgot, Gass.), Morel., J. de C. xxxi.

pe 208.40 Ne

1887 ae hidalgoi, Gass., Bttg., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges.

RIV py 160s -D:

Both types in British Museum.

Hab. Narau. Amahlongwana Lagoon (Burnup).

Hidalgot was described from New Caledonia; granwm from

Mauritius. The actual types differ considerably, but in Morelet’s

original type set of granwm is one shell which is quite inseparable

from hidalgot. Under these circumstances I do not care to gainsay

Morelet’s expressed opinion as to the synonymy of his own species.

The Natal representatives are typical hedalgov.

567. ASSEMANIA KNYSNAENSIS (Krauss).

1848 Paludina knysnaensis, Krs.,Siidafr. Moll. p. 86. pl. 5, £17. DF.

1887 Assiuminea rs , Bttg., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges.

MV e LOZ:

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Knysna and Zoetendals Valleys

(Krauss). Marshy ground near the beach, Port Elizabeth (Craw-

ford).

568. ASSEMANIA OVATA (Krauss).

1848 Paludina ovata, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 85. pl. 5, f. 16. DF.

1863 + - ,, FErnfd., Verh. Wien Zool. Bot. Ges. xiii.

alae N,

1887 Assiminea ,, , Bttg., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges. xiv.

p. 194. WD.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Cargk or Goop Horr. Knysna and Zoetendais Valleys

(Krauss). Zwartkops River Marshes, Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

569. ASSEMANIA PONSONBYI, Morelet.

Assiminea ponsonbyi, Bottger in Litt.

1889 53 Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p.17. pl. 2,f.6. Di.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Cark or Goop Horr. Rufane Vale, Port Elizabeth

(Crawford).

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 269

570. Assremantra sInica, Nevill.

1880 Assiminia sinensis, Nevy.,Journ.Asiat.Soc. Bengal,xlix,2.p.161. D.

1887 Assiminea sinica, Nev. (for sinensis, Ney., not chinensis, Pir):

Bttg., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges. xiv. p. 203. D.

Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Hab. Natau. Wydenham ; Umkomaas (Burnup).

Described from Hong Kong.

571. ASSEMANIA UMLAASIANA, Smith, [S.A.M.]

1902 Assiminia umlaasiana, Smith, Journ. of Conch. x. p. 248. pl. 4,

agra a Be

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. In an ocean cave at Isipingo Rocks, half a mile

south of Umlaas River mouth (Burnup).

OrpeErR ASPIDOBRANCHIA, Schweigger, 1820.

(Naturges. d. Skeletlose Thiere, p. 720, as Aspidobranchiata ; emend. Menke, 1830.)

Sus-Orprr RHIPIDOGLOSSA, Troschel, 1847.

(Archiv. f. Naturg. xiii, 2. p. 385, and Wiegmann’s Handbuch der Zool.,

Ed. 3. 1848.)

Famity HYDROCENIDA, Bourguignat, 1877.

(Descr. de deux nouveaux Genres Algériens, p. 38.)

Genus HYDROCENA, Parreyss, 1846.

(Hermannsen’s Indicis Generum Malac. i. p. 546.)

Type of Genus, H. cattaroensis (Ptr.).

572. HyprRocENA NOTICOLA, Benson. See Bea

1856 Hydrocena noticola, Bs., A.M.N.H. xviii. p. 489. D.

1858 a ,, Pir.,. Mons Pueumyiep loss):

1897 Assiminea tyttha, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xix. Prosgapletny tlle LO

Type of tyttha in British Museum ; noticola—wbi ?

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Table Mountain, Camps Bay

(Layard). Simonstown; Hout Bay (Connolly). Grahamstown ;

Kowie; Bathurst; Port Elizabeth (Farquhar).

Natat. Howick (tyttha) ; Scottburgh ; Karkloof; Dargle; Game

Pass ; Ntimbankulu (Burnup).

The type set of tyttha has been most carefully compared with a

large series of noticola from Table Mountain, with the result that no

specific difference has been found between them.

270 Annals of the South African Museum.

Famity NERITIDAL, Fleming, 1828.

(Hist. Brit. Anim. p. 318, as Neritade, emend. Turton, 1831, Manual, pp. 10, 138.)

Genus THEODOXIS, de Montfort, 1810.

(Conch, Syst. ii. p. 350.)

(=Neritina, Lam., 1822 [_Neritine, 1809].)

Type of Genus, T. lutetianus, de Montf. (fluviatilis, Lin.).

573. THEODOXIS KNORRI (Récluz).

1841 Neritina knorri, Récl., Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv. p. 274. D.

1849 . knorrui, Récl., Sow., Thesaurus Conch. u. p. dll.

ple sbINGe (Se pls Ws oO s er:

4 beckit, Récl., Sow., zbid. p. 512. pl. 109, f. 13. DF.

1850 _ knorri, Récl. (= beckit, Sow.), Récl., J. de C.1. p. 144.

Sao i a ni Rives (Conch leone pl. 2, iG) Dur.

A ie beckr ae bs * plyd,de Jay | Dare

1869 " knorrt ,, von Mts., Nachrichtsbl. d. Deutsch. Mal.

Ges. i. p. 104. JD.

1875 45 > a 55 Conch. Cab. p. 55. pl. 8, f. 4-6.

ID Jae

1897 . a . . D.-O.-Afr. p. 213. D.

1899 - 3) MSPS AUMENGE ive. LOL. = iN.

Type—ubi ?

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Inhambane (Peters).

Described from Madagascar and also known from Zanzibar.

M. & P. (1899) remark “ Probably a form of N. pulligera.”

574, THEODOXIS NATALENSIS (Reeve). [S.A.M. ]

1848 Neritina zebra, “ Lam.,” Krs., Stidafr. Moll. p. 88. WN.

1855 ss natalensis, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 16, f. 75. DF.

1877 “! , » von Mts., Conch. Cab. p. 96. pl. 11,

£10; doe Ose

1897 33 D.-O.-Afr. p. 213. D.

Originals in British Museum, type not specified.

Hab. Navan, Umgeni River (Krauss). Umkomaas (Burnup).

Lorenzo Marques. Inhambane ; Tette (Peters). Delagoa (Junod).

Also found in Central East Africa.

575. THEODOXIS SOUVERBIANUS (Montrouzier).

1861 Neritina souverbiana, Montr., Gassies, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux,

XELV: PSO pleut 4 DEH:

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 271

1863 Neritina sowverbiana, Montr.,J.deC.xi.pp. 75,175. pl.5,£.5. DF.

1871 » pulcherrima, Angas, P.Z.S. pp. 19, 96. pl. 1, f. 25. DF.

1879 souverbrana, Montr. (= pulcherrima, Ang.), von Mts.,

Conch. Cab. p. 251. pl. 23, f. 29-31. DF.

1881 : . Montr., Morel., J. de C. xxix. p. 208. D.

1883 _ “4 a Kexo pa 204s NG

1910 zy Be Sanit Nae Natal Mus.ii.p.204. N.

Type i pulcherrima in British Museum.

Hab. Navan. Congella (Burnup).

Souverbianus was originally described from New Caledonia, and

pulcherrima from Port Jackson.

Crass LAMELLIBRANCHIA, de Blainville, 1816.

(Bull. Soe. Philom. p. 122, as Lamellibranches.)

Orper EULAMELLIBRANCHIA, Pelseneer, 1892.

(Bull. Sci. Fr. et Belg. p. 365.)

Sus-Orper SUBMYTILACEA, de Blainville, 1825.

(Man. de Malac. p. 537.)

Famity UNIONIDA, Fleming, 1828.

(Hist. British Animals, p. 415.)

Dr. F. Haas, of Frankfurt-am-Main, has very kindly furnished me

with much valuable information regarding this family, which he has

collected for his own forthcoming monograph on the subject; an act

of exceptional courtesy, for which I am greatly indebted to him.

Genus CAFFERIA, Simpson, 1900.

(Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxii. p. 824.)

Type of Genus, C. caffra (Krs.).

576. CAFFERIA CAFFRA (Krauss). [S.A.M.]

1848 Unio caffer, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 18. pl. 1,f.14. DF.

> , Zeyheri, Mke., Zeitschr. f. Malak. v. p. 28. D.

185i |, ~cyamus;,Phil., es Vip» lon 1D.

1856, _-—~-verrauxi, Charpentier, Kiist., Conch. Cab. p. 150. pl. 43

(1S5o) 565 Dae.

aA 5 verreauxianus, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. viii. p.94. D.

S ,, africanus, Lea, ibid. p. 94. D.

Ss 5, caffer, Krs., Kiist., Conch, Cab. p.143.pl.42(1855),f.2,3. DP’.

272 Annals of the South African Museum.

1857 Unio verreauxianus, Lea, Obs.G. Unio, vi. p.21. pl. 27, f. 16. DF’.

africanus, Lea, ibid., p. 20. pl. 27, £.15. DF.

i, ae As » kve., Conch: lcon. ply 22; 7. 100) oar

18583 74;. ‘5 » Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. iii. p. 300.

ple ite lo SDE

a verreauxianus, Lea, tbid. p. 801. pl. 27, £. 16. DF.

1859 =, -navigioliformis ,, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. vi.

” ”

Paola:

e - _ 3 (ObsG? Waro;, vit. p63. splanon. st.

I SE ae

1860 __e,, “4 ;, dourn. Acad. ‘Nat. iSci.tPhila, ave

p. 240.) pl. Sit 124 Deke

1864 ,, natalensis ». Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. p. 113. D.

5 ms an jr Obs.4G, Umio, xa. jose632 pl 20 ek

Ole Dae

1865, navigoliformis ,, Rve.,Conch. Icon. pl. 24,f.114. D.F.

1866 5; icajfer, Krs., Rve:, Conch: Icons pl, 4 1. 2265 | Dar,

natalensis, Lea, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. vi. p. 59.

pl 20) for.) DE.

1868 __e,, ie » sow.,Coneh. leon: ply 71, £362) Dan:

_ » verreduianus ,, 3 . pl 69) 302. Dee

e », rectilinearis, Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 65, f. 332. DF.

ISO) 4) caver, Krs..-Cryn.. 2-7-5. p. 6182 iV:

1885 ,, vaalensis, Chaper, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. x. p. 480. pl. 11,

f. 1-3. D.F.

1889 ,, natalensis, Lea, and verreauxi, Charp., von Mts., Sitz.-

Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, p. 165. ZL.

1891 ,, + caffer, Krs., Smith, A.M.N.H. vili.p.317. D.and Synonymy.

ue verreauxt, Charp., Smith, zbed. p. 319. N.

1898 ,, caffer, Krs., var. pentheri, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 91. pl. 3,

ti, 64560, DEE"

1900 Nodularia (Cafferia) caffer, Krs., Simpson, Proc. U.S. Nat.

Mus. xxil. p. 825. Synonymy.

Type of caffra in Stuttgart Museum; vaalensis in Ecole des Mines,

Paris ; zeyhert lost; africanus, natalensis, and verreauxianus in U.S.

National Museum, Washington; navigioliformis and rectilinearis in

British Museum; var. penthert in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab. “Sourn Arrica”’ (cyamus, in coll. Largilliert).

Natau (Wahlberg). Umsinduzi River, Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

Umpingave River (natalensis, McKen).

TRANSVAAL. Common round Pretoria and in Crocodile River

(Connolly). Vaal River, Standerton (Miss Livingston). Between

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 273

Kimberley and Christiania (natalensis, Schenck). Kalkspruit,

between Vaal and Heidelberg (verreauxi, Schenck, fide von

Martens).

Orance Free Stare. Riet River, Winburg (fide Sturany).

Rhenoster River, south of Heilbron (Connolly).

Care oF Goop Hope (africanus and verreauxianus, Verreaux ;

zeyheri, Zeyher). Izeli River, near King Williamstown (Godfrey).

Port Elizabeth District (Crawford). Retreat (Lightfoot). Vaal

River, Barclay (vaalensis, Chaper). ‘Soutenthal’’ (Zoetendals)

Valley (verreauxt, Verreaux).

Lirrte NAMALAND. Orange River, Henkries (Lightfoot).

GRIQUALAND West. Imvani and Riverton, Vaal River (Miss

Wilman).

British BECHUANALAND. Hartz River, Taungs (Miss Wilman).

Ruopesia. Panda ma tinka, R. Zambesi (var. pentheri, Penther),.

Smith (1891) places africanus, natalensis, verreauxianus, and

vaalensis in the synonymy of caffra ; Simpson (1900), while further

admitting navigioliformis and rectilinearis, considers africanus and

vaalensis worthy of varietalrank. Dr. Haas writes that verreauxianus,

navigioliformis, natalensis, rectilinearis, africanus, vaalensis, and

pentheri are inseparable from caffra, and that zeyhert and cyamus

must also belong to this species.

577. CAFFERIA MASHONA: (Preston).

1910 Unio mashona, Prest., A.M.N.H. vi. p. 61. pl. 4, £.10. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Ruopesta. A sluit about 16 miles from Enkeldoorn,

Mashonaland (Miss Sharpe- Young).

Very similar to caffra, from which it may be separable through

the absence of the umbonal scar.

578. CAFFERIA MOSSAMBICENSIS (Peters).

1859 Unio mossambicensis, Ptrs., von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 218.

pl. 3) fe 8=oey MOSEE

1885 © ,, Charmes, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr. ii.

p) 166.7 ys

LSOe ie , von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 225. pl. 7,

£5 22D Se

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Tette (Peters).

Also reported from Central Africa.

274 Annals of the South African Musewn.

Genus UNIO, Retz, 1788.

(Dissert. Nov. Test. Genera, Lund. p. 16.)

Type of Genus, U. pictorwm (Lin.).

The four species which follow are left in Unio, to which they

were originally attributed, pending further investigation. I have

Dr. Haas’ authority for stating that they do not really belong to

that Genus, but that it is doubtful whether either of them can be

placed in Cafferia.

579. Unio FISSIDENS, Bottger. [S.A.M.]

1886 Unio (Hyridella) fissidens, Bttg., Ber. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, p. 27. pl. 2,f.6,7. DF.

1910 . Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxil. p. 453. N.

Type in Senckenburg Mus, Frankfurt.

Hab. BririsH BECHUANALAND. Nosob-Hygap watercourse, east

of Kebeum (subfossil, Nolte). Witkop (subfossil, Schultze ; Rogers).

580. UNIo HYGAPANUS, Bottger.

1886 Unio (Hyridella) hygapanus, Bttg., Ber. Senckenb. Naturf.

Gest Frankfurt, p. (26; pl. 2; f. 5. DF.

Type in Senckenberg Mus. Frankfurt.

Hab. BrrrtsH BrecHuanaLtANp. Nosob-Hygap watercourse, east

of Kebeum (subfossil, Nolte).

Described from a single left valve; possibly only a less highly

sculptured form of fisszdens.

581. UNIO KUNENENSIS, Mousson.

1887 Unio kunenensis, Mouss., J. de C. xxxv. p. 300. pl. 12, f.10. DF’.

1891 ; 3 Smith, ACM. N Ee vinep. 319) 2:

1904 os » von Mts., Die Kalahari, p. 758. WN.

Type in Zurich Museum.

Hab. Ovampouanpd. Kunene River (Schinz).

BECHUANALAND. Okavango and Botletle District, and in the salt

pans of the Makarrikarri brook (fossil, Passarge).

“Nearly allied to U. hauttecoewri, Bgt., and other species from

the East African Lakes” (von Martens).

582. UNIo ZAMBESIENSIS, Preston.

1905 Unio zambesiensis, Prest., Proc. Mal. Soc. vi. pp.300,f.1; 301. DL.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Ruovesta. Victoria Falls (Morrell).

Feference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 275

Famity MUTELIDA, Gray, 1847.

(P.Z.S. p. 197, as Muteladee, emend. H. & A. Adams, 1857, Gen. rec. Moll.

ii, p. 505.)

GEeNus SPATHA, Lea, 1838.

(Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vi. p. 141.)

Type of Genus, S. rubens, Lea.

583. SPATHA MAITENGUENSIS, Sturany.

1898 Spatha maitenguensis, Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 92. pl. 3, f.66. DF’.

Type in Naturh. Hofmus. Vienna.

Hab, Ruopesta. Maitengue River (Penther).

Described from a single example, very nearly allied to wahlbergi

(Krs.).

584. SPATHA PETERSI, von Martens.

1859 Spatha petersi, von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 218. pl. 3, f.1, 2. DF.

1864 » modesta, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. p. 109. “D.

Obs. G. Unio, xiopr 415 pliers so see

1889 » peterst, von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr.Berlin,p. 164. N.

1897 = os a (=modesta, Lea), von Mts., D.-O.-Afr.

pole

Type of peterse in Zool. Mus. Berlin; modesta in U.S. National

Mus. Washington.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Tette (Peters). Itschongove (Schenck).

Rikatla ; Nkomati River (Junod).

Also found in Central Africa. S. modesta was described from

Mozambique.

585. SPATHA WAHLBERGI (Krauss).

1848 Iridina wahlbergi, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 19. pl. 2, f. 1. DF.

1859 Spatha ‘3 , von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 217. N.

1864 ,, natalensis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. p. 113. D.

1866 33 y » Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. vi. p. 64.

pl. 20, £584 “Diet

ss » hartmanni, von Mts., Mal. Blatt. xiii. p. 10. D.

1867 , natalensis, Lea, Obs. G. Unio, xi. p. 68. pl. 20, f.58. DF.

, Anodon tabula, Sow., Conch. Icon. pl. 18, f. 68. DF.

1874 Spatha hartmanni, von Mts., Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 263.

pl 83 £25) Dak:

1875 3 % 5 Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 190. pl. 61,

foe) LD ke.

276 Annals of the South African Museum.

1875 Spatha natalensis, Lea, Cless., zbid. p. 189. pl. 62, f. 7, 8. DP.

a ,, wahlbergi, Krs. rs pepe dit: pliG3it de ee

1891 is Fs ,, von Mts., Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin,

Pele ANE

» Mutela > rr comths AM INGE vill. ps old: Ns

1897 Spatha a ;, + von. Mits., D.-O:-Afr. p. 247. - D.

1900 _ a » Simpson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxi.

p. 898. Synonymy.

1909 i BS , Kob., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 50. WN.

Type of wahlbergi in Stockholm Museum; natalensis in U.S.

National Mus, Washington.

Hab. Transvaau. Aapies River (Wahlberg; Farquhar). Croco-

dile River (Day). Middelburg (Crawford).

Lorenzo Marquess. Tette (Peters).

ZuLULAND. Enseleni River (Anderson).

Narau. Umpingave River (natalensis, McKen).

Ruopesta. Bulawayo (in coll. Crawford).

Also found in East Africa.

von Martens (1897) remarks that S. natalensis, Lea, appears to

differ little from bloyeti, Bgt.; Sturany and Simpson, however,

place it in the synonymy of wahlbergi.

Kobelt (1909) states that he is unable to separate spathuliformis,

Bgt., from wahlbergi, and includes Spathella bourguignati, Ancey, as

a variety of Krauss’ species.

var. DORSALIS, von Martens.

1859 Spatha wahlbergt, “ Krs.,”’ von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 217.

1897 a Krs., var. dorsalis, von Mts., D.-O.-Afr.

pe 2AT aD:

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Tette; Sena (Peters).

Famity CYRENIDA, Gray, 1840.

(Syn. Brit. Mus. pp. 133, 149.)

Genus CORBICULA, von Mithlfeld, 1811.

(Mag. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, p. 56.)

Type of Genus, C. flwminalis (Mill.).

It would require intimate acquaintance with the types, and long

sets of each variety, to unravel the extraordinary tangle into which

the African species of Corbicula have been woven.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 277

C. fluminalis (Miill.) was described from the River Euphrates in

1774, and consobrina, Calilaud (Voy. 4 Meroe, i. pl. 61, f. 10, 11),

from Egypt in 1823.

C. radiata, Parr. and pusilla, Parr. (Abb. u. Beschr. i1. p. 78. pl. 11,

4, f. 7), from Egypt, owe their origin to Philippi, 1846.

In 1848, however, Krauss propounded the name africana, com-

prising two South African varieties, olivacea and albida, with which

he identified radiata and pusilla respectively. Olivacea is the type

form of africana : albida was raised by Clessin (1877) to the rank of

a species, and will probably prove to be identical with, and have

precedence of, C. oliphantensis, Crvn. Clessin also described and

figured a C. natalensis, Krs., of which no notice has been taken by

subsequent authors.

Jickeli (1874) dealt with radiata and pusilla as distinct species,

but had not sufficient material to express an opinion as to the

correctness of Krauss’ views on the subject.

von Martens (1897) united pusilla with radiata, but separated the

latter from africana, var. olivacea ; Bottger, however (1910), con-

sidered radiata and africana identical.

Pallary (Mém. Instit. Egypt. vi, 1. 1909, pp. 71, 72) appears to

prove that radiata and pusilla are both immature forms of conso-

brina, which last was placed by Jickeli (1874) and Westerlund (1890)

in the synonymy of flwminalis, Mill.

The localities given in the following pages are, for the most part,

correct for the varieties to which they refer, but the true degree of

inter-relationship of the latter is obviously far too large a subject to

admit of adequate discussion within the limits of the present work.

586. CoRBICULA AFRICANA (Krauss). [S.A.M.]

1848 Cyrena africana, var. olivacea, Krs. (=gauritziana, Krs. in

litt.and radiata, Parr.), Krs., Stidafr. Moll. p.8.pl.1,£.8. DF,

1854 Corbicula africana, Krs., Desh., Cat. Conchif. p. 222. D.

1859 Cyrena o , von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 220. N.

1866 Corbicula " ,» Prime, Ann. Lyc. N.H. New York,

Vill. p: 224 ei oree eee

1877 os fa » Cless., Conch, Cabip: lob. pl. 27,

f, 29-942 Die

1904 i be , von Mts., Die Kalahari, p. 758. N.

Type in Stuttgart Museum. |

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Gauritz River (Krauss). Swellen-

dam (Layard). Gamtoos R. (Farquhar). Port Elizabeth (Crawford).

278 Annals of the South African Museum.

GriquaLAND West. Riverton, Vaal River (very large specimens,

19x17 mm., Miss Wilman).

Lirrte NAMALAND. Orange River, Henkries (Lightfoot).

British BEcHuANALAND. Hartz River, Taungs (Miss Wilman).

BrecHUANALAND. Letter Tree, Botletle River (Passarge).

Lorenzo Marques. Itschongove (Schenck). Tette (Peters).

ZULULAND Hast (Toppin ; Burnup).

Nata. Nonoti River (Miss Brown).

ORANGE FREE Stare. Kroonstad (Miss Hickey).

TRANSVAAL, Vaal River, Standerton (Miss Livingston). Lepenula

River (Wahlberg).

587. CORBICULA ALBIDA (Krauss).

1848 Cyrena africana, var. albida, Krs. (=pusilla, Parr.), Krs.,

Sudain Moll pp. 8; 9,

1877 Corbicula albida, Krs., Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 156. pl. 27,

i 20526. “DN

Type in Stockholm Museum.

Hab. TRransvaau. River Lepenula (Wahlberg).

588. CoRBICULA ASTARTINA (von Martens).

1859 Cyrena astartina, von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 219. pl.3,f.6,7. DF.

1897 Corbicula ,, Be D.-O.-Afr. p. 260. D.

Type in Zool. Mus. Berlin.

Hab. Lorenzo Marquss. Tette (Peters).

Also recorded from Nyassa and the Schire River, East Africa,

and Mterize River, Northern Rhodesia.

589, CoRBICULA FLUMINALIS (Miller). [S.A.M.]

1774 Tellina fluminalis, Mill., Verm. ii. p. 205. D.

1782 Venus iy », Chem., Conch. Cab. vi. p. 319. pl. 30,

f 320) Wen

1854 Corbicula BA », Desh., Cat. Conchif. p. 222. D.

1871 Cyrena - » von Mts., Mal. Blatt. xviii. pp. 61, 66.

old, f, 19-14. NE

1874 Corbicula re teedick. Bauna N.-©:-Aimp.2éa. ples

tao: | DPE

1899 i A: » Pons., Proc. Mal. Soe. ii. p. 334. N.

1907 BS Mf 5, schultze, Aus Namaland und Kala-

hari, pp. 616, 708. NV.

1910 55 , Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 454. NV.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 279

Type—whi ?

Hab. British Brcnuanananp. Witkop (subfossil, Schultze ;

Rogers).

Chronicled, living, from North-East, West, and Central, but not

from East or South Africa.

The following species have, rightly or wrongly, been included by

various authors in the synonymy of fluninalis :—

euphratica, cor, orientalis, and fuscata, Lam.; consobrina, Caill. ;

saulcyt, Bgt.; and frivaldskyana, Gelebor.

590. CoRBICULA NATALENSIS, Krauss.

1877 Corbicula natalensis, Krs. in litt., Cless:, Conch. Cab. p. 155.

pl 2 t9a2i DF.

Type in Stuttgart Museum.

Hab. Nava (Queinzius).

591. CoRBICULA OLIPHANTENSIS, Craven. [S.A.M.]

1880 Corbicula oliphantensis, Crvn., P.Z.S. p. 618. pl. 57, £.12. DF.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Transvaau. Oliphants River (Craven).

CarE OF Goop Horr. Gamtoos River (Crawford).

It seems hardly possible that this species will eventually prove to

be separable from albida, Krs.

592. CoRBICULA RADIATA (Parreyss). [S.A.M. ]

1846 Cyrena radiata, Parr., Phil., Abb. u. Beschr. ii. p. 78. pl. 11, 4,

f Sa DER:

1848 M3 i 3 Krs., Sudafr. Molli pros Ne

1854 Corbicula ,, Phil., Desh., Cat. Conchif. p. 222. D.

1866 Cyrena Fe ,, von Mts., Mal. Blatt. xiii. p. 14. N.

1874 Corbicula ,, » dick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 287. pl. 11,

t 10s Deke

1877 i meeeearre. omith, PZ... p: iisaene

1878 3 ,.. Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 162. pl. 28 (1877),

f, 16-18: DERE

1881 se a3 » omith, P.Z.S:p. 29097) We

1892 o a 5 > A.M INSEDS xe pone

1897 Es We Phil., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 259. D.

1904 - - Parr., Smith, Proc. Mal. Soc. vi. p. 100. N.

1906 Be 5 , Germain, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris,

p. 307. N.

280 Annals of the South African Museum.

1910 Corbicula radiata, Phil., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges.

Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 454. N.

Type—whi ?

Hab, TRANsvAAu, Potchefstroom (Miss Livingston).

British BECHUANALAND. Witkop (subfossil, Schultze).

Lorenzo Marquess. River Zambesi (Brancksik).

Described from Egypt, and recorded from East and Central Africa

and Northern Rhodesia. Smith (1904) includes C. tanganikana,

Bet., in the synonymy of radiata, to which Germain (1906) adds

C. nyassana, Bet.

Genus SPHAIRIUM, Scopohi, 1777.

(Introd. ad. Hist. nat. p. 397.)

(= Cyclas, Brug., 1792.)

Type of Genus, S. cornewm (Lin.).

593. SPHAIRIUM CAPENSE (Krauss).

1848 Cyclas capensis, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 7. pl. 1, f.6. DP.

1854 Spheriwm capense, Krs., Desh., Cat. Conchif. p. 265. D.

1874 Cyclas capensis, Krs.,Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr.p.291.pl.11,f.14. DF.

1877 Spherium capense, Krs., Cless., Conch. Cab, p.93.pl.10,£.3-5. DF.

1883 5 subcapense, Bet. (=capensis, Jick.), Bgt., Ann. Sci.

nat. Paris, xv. p. 133. N.

1908 f capense, Krs. (=subcapense, Bet.), Neuville &

Anthony, Ann. Sci. nat. Paris, vii. p. 338. WN.

Type of capense in Stuttgart Museum; swhcapense in Geneva

Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Knysna River (Krauss).

Ruopesta. Makabusi Falls, near Salisbury (Miss Weineck).

Without knowledge of the types it is impossible to say whether

Bourguignat (1883) was right in separating Jickeli’s Abyssinian form

from capense, Krs., but, judging from the respective figures, there

appears to be good ground for his decision.

594, SPH#RIUM FERRUGINEUM (Krauss).

1848 Cyclas ferruginea, Krs., Siidafr. Moll. p. 7. pl. 1, f. 7. DF.

1854 Pisum parasiticum, Parreyss, Desh., Cat. Conchif. p. 280. D.

a » ferrugineum, Krs., Desh., Cat. Conchif. p. 281. D.

1874 Limosina ferruginea, Krs., Jick., Fauna N.-O.-Afr. p. 293. pl. 11,

sy lope) Baan DAY a

1879 5 » Cless., Conch. Cab. p. 247. pl. 46,

f 1-4. DF.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 281

1883 Hupera parasitica, Parr., Bgt., Ann. Sci. nat. Paris, xv. p. 133. N.

is » jickelti, Bgt., bid. p. 134. D.

1892 Limosina parasitica, Parr., Smith, A.M.N.H. x. p. 126. N.

1897 Hupera 5 Desh., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 261. N.

1909 re 2 Parr., Pallary, Mém. Inst. Egypt. vale ile

p. 75. pl. 4, £ 28=20) i.

Type of ferrugineum in Stuttgart Museum ; parasiticum in British

Museum ; jickelit in Geneva Museum.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. Knysna River (ferruginewm, Krauss).

Ruopesia. Victoria Falls (Connolly).

Jickeli (1874) placed examples of LH. parasitica, which he collected

in Abyssinia, in the synonymy of ferruginea, Krs., but the weight

of more recent opinion, which in this case appears to me to be

correct, is against these species being identical. References to both,

as wellas tojickelzi, Bgt., are given above for purposes of comparison.

Parasitica is recorded from East and North-East Africa; jickeli

from Abyssinia. Until more is known of Krauss’ species, I prefer

to leave it in its original Genus, rather than in Hupera, Bet., which

was constituted for two Brazilian shells. Limosina, Cless., 1872,

is preoccupied by Limosina, Macq., in Diptera, 1835.

Genus PISIDIUM, C. Pfeiffer, 1821.

(Syst. Anordn. u. Beschr. deutscher L.-und W.-Schnecken, pp. 17, 123.)

(= Pisum, Gray, 1847, and Flwminina, Clessin, 1873.)

Type of Genus, P. obliquwm (Lam.).

595. PisIpDIUM LANGLEYANUM, Melv. & Pons.

1891 Pisidiwm langleyanuwm, M. & P., A.M.N.H. viii. p. 237. D.

1892 as ‘s . ix.p.94.pl.5,£.7. F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Carr oF Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Langley).

596. Pisrplum ovAMpicum, Ancey.

1890 Pisidiwm ovampicum, Ancey, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr. vii. p. 162. D.

HOT Ces 26. c.f. langleyanum, M. & P., Bttg., Abh. Senckenb.

Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxii. p. 455. pl. 28,£.19. DF’.

Type—ubi ?

Hab, OvampotaAND. Ovyvambonde (Andersson and Chapman).

British BrcHuANALAND. Witkop (?langleyanum, subfossil,

Schultze).

It appears probable, on geographical grounds, that Bottger’s note

may refer to P. ovampicum, which he seems to have overlooked

282 Annals of the South African Museum.

in his article on German South-West Africa. It is, however, im-

possible to recognise this species, of which I have been unable to

trace an authentic example. It was not figured, and was apparently

described from a closed shell, as no mention was made of the hinge

or interior of the valves.

Species which have been erroneously attributed to South Africa, or

whose names may, for various reasons, be removed from the list

of collectible South African varieties.

CERATOCONCHA SCHULTZEI, Simroth.

1907 Ceratoconcha schultzei, Srth., Zool. Anz. Leipsig, xxxi. p. 794,

&e. DER

1910 re » Bttg., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf.

Ges. Frankfurt,xxxii.p.433. N.

Hab. Carr Peniysuna. Cape Flats (Schultze).

Bottger points out that this is the larva of Microdon, Meig., and

consequently has no place in Mollusea.

ENNEA ZANGUEBARICA, Morelet.

1889 Hnnea zanqguebarica, Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p.10. pl.1,f.7. D.F.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Cape or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (Morelet, laps. cal.).

Owing to an obvious omission in Morelet’s article, this species was

erroneously attributed to Port Elizabeth. It is a synonym of

EH. obesa, Gibbons, an East African shell.

MARTENSIA JENYNSI (Pfeiffer).

1845 Helix jenynsi, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 131. D.

1859 Nanina jenynsi, Pfr., von Mts., Mal. Blatt. vi. p. 211. ZL.

1897 Trochonanina jyenynsi, Pfr., von Mts., D.-O.-Afr. p. 48. N.L.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Lorenzo Marques. Tette (Peters).

In 1859 and 1879 von Martens included M. jenynsi in the list of

shells brought from Tette by Dr. Peters, but in 1897, though a

large number of localities are quoted for this species by the same

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 253

author, no mention is made of Tette or any other place within the

limits of the present work. It may therefore be advisable to await

further confirmation before including it in South African lists.

RHYTIDA BULLACEA (Pfeiffer).

1854 Helix bullacea, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 53. D.

1889 es ; Morel., J. de C: xxxvit palgne o

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops. Port Elizabeth (fide Morelet).

An Australian species, erroneously referred to South Africa.

NANINA PISOLINA, Gould.

1859 Nanina pisolina, Gld., Proc. Boston Soc. N.H. vi. p. 423. D.

1862 ~ as ,», Otia Conch. p. 102. D.

1868 Helix - » Pir, Mon. Helo vaprot) 2D:

Hab, ‘Cape or Goop Horr?” (Ringold & Rodgers).

As the description of this unfigured species is insufficient, no

authentic example can be traced, and its original habitat is doubtful,

there can be no object in retaining its name among collectible

varieties.

HeELIx CoMATULA, Férussac.

1821 Helix(Helicella)comatula,Fér.,Tabl.Syst.Moll.pt.3.p.45 (or 41). L.

1874 Helicella comatula, Beck, von Mts., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal.

Ges. p. 120. N.

Hab. Care or Goop Horr. On aloes (Delalande).

Nomen nudum.

HELIX CONNEXIVA, Férussac.

1821 Helix (Helicostyla) connexiva, Fér., Tab!. Syst. Moll. pt. 3. p. 50

(or 46). L.

1874 ,, conneriva, Fér., von Mts., Jahrb. d. Deutsch. Mal. Ges.

p: 120, N.

Hab. Care oF Goop Hops (Delalande).

Nomen nudum.

HetLix pouosa, Férussac.

1821 Helix (Helicostyla) dolosa, Fér.,Tabl.Syst.Moll.pt.3.p.50 (or46). L.

1874 ,, dolosa, Fér., von Mts., Jahrb.d. Deutsch. Mal.Ges.p.120. N.

Hab, Carr oF Goop Hope (Delalande).

Nomen nudum.

284 Annals of the South African Museum.

HELIX EKLONIANA, Beck.

1837 Helix (Theba) ekloniana, Beck, Index Moll. p. 11. L.

1874 Thebaeckloni, Beck,vonMts.,Jahrb.d. Deutsch. Mal.Ges.p.120. N.

Hab. “ Afr. aust. Alg.” (fide Beck).

Nomen nudum.

HELIx FANULUS, Pfeiffer.

1856 Helix fanulus, Pir., P.Z.S. p. 33. D.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Porr Natau (coll. Cuming).

This shell, whose name was intended to be janulus, proved to be

the top of an Hnnea, and was omitted from Pfeiffer’s Nomenclator

in 1881.

Hewix monticona, Beck.

1837 Helix (Bradybena) monticola, Beck, Index Moll. p. 20. L.

Hab. Carn or Goop Hops (fide Beck).

Nomen nudum.

Hewrx sectTiuis, Hérussac.

1821 Helix (Helicelia) sectilis, Fér., Tabl. Syst. Moll. pt.3. p.46(or42). L.

1874 Thebasectilis, Beck,vonMts.,Jahrb.d. Deutsch. Mal.Ges.p.120. N.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Caffraria (Delalande).

Nomen nudum.

Ena prcturata (Morelet).

1889 Bulimus picturatus, Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p. 7. pl. 1, £4. DF.

1898 Buliminus (Rhachis) picturatus, Morel.,Stur.,8.A. Moll. p. 64. L.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (fide Sturany).

Sturany’s locality is erroneous, the species having been described

from Mogadoxo, Zanzibar.

JAMINIA CYLINDRACEA (Da Costa).

1778 Turbo cylindraceus, Da Costa, Test. Brit. p. 89. pl. 5, £. 16. DL.

1801 Pupa uwmbilicata, Drap., Tabl. Moll. Fr. p. 58. D.

1898 ss , M. &P., Proc. Mal. Soe. iii. p. 184. D.

Hab. Carr Town (fide M. & P.).

This common European species may possibly exist in South

Africa, but I have failed to trace any instance of its actual occurrence

there.

JAMINIA HAPLOA (Melv. & Pons.).

1893 Pwpa haploa, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xi. p. 21. pl. 3, £7. DP.

1908 5 9 ; Laps eeeeNe

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 285

Hab. TRANsvaAau. Pretoria (fide M. & P.).

Founded on a single specimen, ‘seemingly allied to P. pre-

toriensis’’ (M. & P., 1908).

JAMINIA PSICHION (Melv. & Pons.).

1894 Pupa psichion, M. & P., A.M.N.H. xiv. p. 93. pl. 1, £8. DF.

1908 ‘3 .; 3 i.<pr Sie wee

Oi ‘5 » Bnop., A.M.N.H.vilp: 409. -N-

Hab. Transvasat. Pretoria (fide M. & P.).

It appears advisable to transfer both the foregoing to the list of

doubtful species. J. haploa was founded on a single specimen,

which can only be regarded as lost, since it has proved quite

impossible to trace its whereabouts. In the case of psichion, the

type, the only known specimen, is so hopelessly broken that it is

quite impossible even to determine to what group of the Genus it

belonged. The original descriptions and figures of these minute

forms are hardly in themselves sufficient, and the Pretoria District,

whence they were recorded, has since been often carefully searched,

and yielded only the species mentioned on pp. 180-185. It is

probable that, if ever the missing type of haploa or co-types of

psichion turn up, they will prove to be identical with some forms

already named; meanwhile no useful purpose can be served by

retaining them in the list of collectible varieties.

RuMINA DECOLLATA (Linné).

1758 Helix decollata, Lin., Syst. Nat., Hd. 10.1. p. 773. D.

1898 Rununa ,, 1M. & P., Proc. Mal’ Soexmue pest) is:

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops. Port Elizabeth (coll. Layard).

In the Layard collection were two large examples of this species,

found at Port Elizabeth in 1897. There is no record of their having

been taken alive, and it is hardly possible that this destructive pest

would have gained a footing in the country so many years ago

without making its presence felt ere now. It is reasonable to

suppose, therefore, that these shells, on which the South African

record of R. decollata is based, were imported in dead condition,

probably in flower-pots, and the name may be expunged from the

South African list until, as is to be feared, a second, and more

successful, invasion takes place.

AURICULASTRA PELLUCENS (Menke).

1830 Auricula pellucens, Mke., Syn. Meth. Moll. p. 131. D.

1848 ‘4 » Krs., Sidafr, Moll. p. 82. N,

286 Annals of the South African Museum.

Described from South America.

Krauss attributed to A. pellucens specimens collected by Wahlberg

in Natal. It is unlikely that they were that species; Nevill (Hand

List, i. p. 226) assigns them definitely to radiolata, Morel. ; M. & P.

(A.M.N.H. iv, 1899, p. 193) suggest their identity with durbanica,

M. & P., which appears to be inseparable from radiolata.

AURICULASTRA PUSILLA (H. & A. Adams).

1854 Ellobium pusillum, H. & A. Ad., P.Z.8. p. 8. D.

1855 Tralia pusilla, H. & A. Ad.,; Gen. ree. Moll. mi. pl. 82, f. 8. F.

1898 Auricula pusilla,H.& A. Ad.,M.& P., Proc. Mal. Soe. iii. p.180. L.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Natat. Cato’s Creek, Durban.

Described from the Philippines. The South African record was

based on a single specimen, which appears to have been incorrectly

identified.

PLANORBIS CAFFER, ‘ Krauss.”

1889 P. caffer, Krs., Morel., J. de C. xxxvii. p. 19. Z.

1898 Planorbis caffer, Krs., Stur., S.A. Moll. p. 77. N.

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (fide Morelet).

Sturany points out that the above appellation is probably a lapsus

calami, as no such species can be traced in literature. Possibly

Morelet’s “ P.”’ caffer was intended for “ Unio” caffer, Krs., which

is known from Port Elizabeth, but not included in his list of shells

from that district.

CYCLOTUS NATALENSIS, Pfeiffer.

1861 Cyclotus natalensis, Pfir., P.Z.S. p. 388. D.

1898 bs » Ancey, Bull. Mus. Marseille,i.p.136. N.

1899 5 oo & PALME Nadicciyap.clO se. 2s

Type in British Museum.

Hab. Care Nartat (coll. Cuming).

“ Cyclotus natalensis, Pir., has been shown by Ancey to be the

Cyclophorus klobukowski, Morlet, from Tonkin (J. de C., 1884,

p. 391), and must therefore be removed from South African lists.”

TROPIDOPHORA GOUDOTIANA (Sowerby).

1847 Cyclostoma goudotianum, Sow., Thesaurus Conch. i. p. 130.

joe pig JB Da

1848 a >» oikKrs., Sidair, Moll p282, Nk

1861 ie », Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 8, f. 42a,

but not f. 42b, which is znsularis, Pfr.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 287

The type, in the British Museum, is labelled ‘‘ Natal,’ but the

species is Madagascan, not South African, and the locality is almost

certainly erroneous.

TROPIDOPHORA LETOURNEUXI (Ancey).

1889 Cyclostomaletourneuxi, Ancey,Bet.,Moll.del’ Afr. équat.p.152. D.

1909 Ligatella letowrneuxi, Ancey (= zanguebarica, Pir., nee Petit),

Kob., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, xxxi.p.78. L.

Hab. Souts-Hasr Arrica (fide Kobelt).

Recorded from Zanzibar, Nyassa, &c., but not yet from south of

the Zambesi.

TROPIDOPHORA ZANGUEBARICA (Petit).

1850 Cyclostoma zanguebaricum, Petit, J.de C.i. p. 53. pl. 3, f.5. DF.

1854 - parvispirum, Pfr., P.Z.S. p. 128. D.

1889 * ee » Morel; dude:@. xxocvil. sp205 ie

1894 - zanguebaricum, Petit (=parvispira, Pfr.), Smith,

Proce Mal. Soe. 1: p.iGGNe

Type of parvispira in British Museum ; zanguebarica—ubi ?

Hab. Carr or Goop Horr. Port Elizabeth (fide Morelet).

Zanguebaricum was described from Zanzibar, parvispira from

ts 9

After careful research, I have failed to trace any authentic instance

of the occurrence of this species south of the Zambesi.

MELANIA HISTRIONICA, Reeve.

1860 Melania histrionica, Rve., Conch. Icon. pl. 29, f. 192. DP.

1878 re » Brot, Conch. Cab. p. 365. N.

1899 . » M. & Pj AMENGE Rayos Vv.

Type in British Museum.

Hab. ‘‘Carr Couony”’ (fide Reeve).

M. & P. remark that M. histrionica was described from Cape

Colony on the authority of the Cumingian collection. The type

appears to be closely allied to, if not a variety of, Pachymelania

aurita (Miill.), a West African species whose presence in South

Africa appears to require further confirmation. Brot places his-

trionica in the synonymy of Claviger balteatus (Phil.) from Senegal,

which he states is nearly allied to aurita.

MELANOPSIS PRINCEPS, Lea.

1837 Melanopsis princeps, Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. v. p. 82.

leet (4s DE.

Hab. Carr or Goop Hops (fide Lea).

288 Annals of the South African Museum.

Placed by Brot (Conch. Cab., 1879, p. 411) in the synonymy of

Faunus ater (Linn.). Lea’s locality is in all probability erroneous.

THEODOXIS CREPIDULARIUS (Lamarck).

1822 Neritina crepidularia, Lam., Hist. nat. An. s. Vert. vi, 2. p.186. D.

1848 - » Krs., Stidafr. Moll. p. 88. D.N.

1899 : 0 MiGs AME NGEG iv. los Ne

Hab. Navau Coast (Wahlberg).

Krauss expresses some doubt as to the correctness of Wahlberg’s

locality. M. & P. remark, ‘‘ This species has been found in Ashanti,

but we have not met with it at present from South Africa.”’

List of Principal Authors and Works whose Names have been

abbreviated in the Text.

(a) AUTHORS AND THEIR PUBLICATIONS.

Apams, H. and A. Tne Genera of Recent Mollusca. Vols. iii. 1855-58.

ALBERS, J. C. Die Heliceen. 1st Edition, Berlin, 1850, and 2nd Edition

(edited by von Martens), Leipsig, 1860.

Anton, H. E. Verzeichniss der Conchylien ... Sammlung, &c. Halle,

1839.

Breck, H. Index Molluscorum presentis Aivi, &e. Hafn. Pp. 1-100,

1837; Remainder, 1838.

Benson, W. H. (Bs.). In Periodicals.

Bryney, A. In Periodicals.

Binney, W. G. The Terrestrial Air-breathing Mollusks of the United

States, &e. Vol. v. Cambridge, Mass., 1878.

Buarnvitie, H. M. D. pe. Manuel de Malacologie et de Conchyliologie.

Paris and Strasburg, 1825-27.

BuanrorD, W. T. Observations on the Geology and Zoology of Abyssinia.

London, 1870.

BorrasEr, O. (Bttg.). In Periodicals.

Boureuienat, J. R. (Bet.). Aménités malacologiques. Paris, i., 1856 ;

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Hélixarionidées des Régions orientales . . . de l'Afrique. Paris, 1885.

Mollusques de l'Afrique équatoriale, &c. Paris, 1889.

Déscription de . . . Mollusques de I’ Egypte, de l’Abyssinie, de Zanzi-

bar, du Sénégal et du Centre de l'Afrique. Paris, 1879.

Les Spiciléges malacologiques. Paris, 1862.

Brarp, ©. P. Histoire des Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles qui vivent aux

environs de Paris. 1815.

Brown, J. Illustrations of the Conchology of Great Britain and Ireland.

London, 1827.

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca. 289

BruGuiERE, J.G. In Enc. Méth., g.v.

Burnup, H.C. (Bnp.). In Periodicals.

Cuemnitz, J. H. In Conch. Cab., q.v.

Cuiessin, 8. In Conch. Cab., &c.

CockERELL, T. D. A. (CkIl.). In Periodicals.

Counce, W. E. (Clige.). In Periodicals.

Connotiy, M. W. K. In Periodicals.

Craven, A. E. (Crvn.) In Periodicals.

CrawrorD, J. In litt. ad L. Péringuey.

Cuvier, Baron DE. Lecons d’Anatomie comparative. Paris, 1800.

Le Régne animal distribué d’aprés son Organisation. Vol. ii. Paris,

1817.

Da Costa, E. M. Historia Naturalis Testaceorum Britannie: or, The

British Conchology. London, 1778.

DavutTzENBERG, P. In Periodicals.

DesHayes, G. P. Catalogue of the Conchifera or Bivalve Shells in the

Collection of the British Museum. London, 1853.

Also in the 2nd Edition of Lamarck’s “An. s. Vert.,’’ 1838, and in

Férussac’s ‘‘ Histoire Naturelle.”’

Dintwyn, L. W. A Descriptive Catalogue of Recent Shells. London, 1817.

Draparnaub, J. P. R. Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques terrestres et

fluviatiles de la France. Paris, 1805.

Tableau des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Paris,

1801.

Eqxrenpere, C. G. Symbole Physice. Berlin, 1828 (plates), and 1831

(text, without pagination).

Frrussac, Baron A. EK. pz. Histoire Naturelle générale et particuliére des

Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles. Paris, 1818-52.

Tableaux systématiques des Animaux Mollusques, classés en Familles

naturelles ... suivis d’un Prodrome Général, &c. Paris and

London. Part i. 1822; Parts ii. and iii., 1821.

Fiscuer, P. Manuel de Conchyliologie. Paris, 1880-87.

FuiemineG, J. A History of British Animals. Edinburgh, 1828.

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Grorrroy, M. Traité sommaire des Coquilles . .. qui se trouvent aux

environs de Paris. 1767.

Gippons, J. S. In Periodicals.

GMELIN, J. F. 13th Edition of Linné’s ‘ Syst. Nat.,” qg.v.

Gopwin-AustTEeN, H.H. Land and Freshwater Mollusca of India. London,

1882-1910.

The Fauna of British India, Mollusca. London, 1908.

Goutp, A. A. Otia Conchologica. Boston, 1839-62,

Gray, J. E. Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum. London.

Also in ‘* An Expedition of Discovery into the Interior of Africa,’ by

Sir J. E. Alexander. 1838.

290 Annals of the South African Museum.

Gray, J. E., and Preirrer, L. Catalogue of Pulmonata or Air-breathing

Mollusea in the Collection of the British Museum. London, 1855.

Herynemann, F. D. In Periodicals.

Houmpurey, G. Museum Calonnianum. London, 1797.

Note.—As this work was published anonymously, the nomenclature

proposed therein is not accepted.

JEFFREYS, J. G. British Conchology. London. Vols. i., 1862, and v., 1869.

JickkELI, C. F. Fauna der Land-und Siisswasser-Mollusken Nord-Ost-

Afrika’s. Dresden, 1874. (Published in Nova Acta der k-]. Leop.-

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Kosextt, W. In Conch. Cab., &e.

Krauss, F. (Krs.). Die Siidafrikanischen Mollusken. Stuttgart, 1848.

Kuster, H.C. In Conch. Cab.

Lamarck, J. P. B. pr. Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertébres.

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LayarpD, E. L. In litt. ad J. H. Ponsonby.

Lea, I. Observations on the Genus Unio, &c. Philadelphia, 1834-74.

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Linné, C. Museum S:e2 R:e M:tis Ludovice Ulrice Regine, ke.

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Ed. 12, 1767; Ed. 13 (by Gmelin), Leipsig, 1788 ; and English

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Martens, E. von (von Mts.). Conchologische Mittheilungen, als Fortsetz-

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Monographia Pneumonopomorum viventium. Cassel, 1852; with 3

supplements, abbreviated as Mon. Pneum. ii., iii., and iv.

Novitates Conchologice. Cassel. Vols. i-v., 1854-79.

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Taybor, J. W. Monograph of British Land and Fresh-water Mollusca.

Leeds, 1894-1912.

TROSCHEL, F. H. Das Gebiss der Schnecken. Berlin, 1856-62.

Tryon, G. W. Structural and Systematic Conchology. Philadelphia,

1882, 1885.

A Manual of Conchology. 2nd Series. Vols. i—iv., 1885-89.

Turton, W. British Fauna. Swansea, 1807.

A Manual of the land and fresh-water Shells of the British Islands.

Ist Edition, 1831; and 2nd Edition (by J. E. Gray), 1840.

A General System of Nature, &c., translated from... Systema

Nature. Vol. iv. London, 1801.

(6) SERIALS AND PERIODICALS.

Abhandlungen Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein von Hamburg-Altona.

Abhandlungen Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Sachsen und Thuringen.

Halle.

Abhandlungen der Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frank-

furt-am-Main.

Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux.

American Journal of Conchology. Philadelphia.

Annalen des Kaiserliches-Kénigliches naturhistorisches Hofmuseum, Wien.

Avnales des Sciences naturelles. Paris.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History. (A.M.N.H.) Many seriess

commencing under present title in 1841.

Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History, New York.

Annals of the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

Annals of Philosophy. London.

Annals of the South African Museum, Cape Town.

Anzeiger der Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien.

Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte. Berlin.

Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale. Paris.

Atti della R. Accademia delie Scienze, Torino.

Bericht des Offenbacher Vereins fiir Naturkunde.

Bericht iiber die Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frankfurt -

am-Main.

Bolletino del Musei . . . delle R. Universita di Torino.

Boston Journal of Natural History.

Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard.

Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne, Paris.

Bulletin de la Société Malacologique de France, Paris.

Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomatique, Paris.

Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise, Lausanne.

Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, Paris.

Bulletin of the United States National Museum, Washington.

Bulletino della Societa Malacologica Italiana. Pisa.

Conchologist, The. Birmingham. Vols. i. and ii., 1886-88. (Continued as

Journal of Malacology.)

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca, 293

Conchylien-Cabinet, Neues systematisches. (Conch. Cab.) Nuremberg.

Founded in 1769 by Martini and Chemnitz, and continued by

Schubert and Wagner, Kiister, Philippi, von Martens, Brot,

Clessin, von Mollendorff, Kobelt, &c.

Conchological Magazine, The. By Y. Hirase, Kyoto.

Encyclopédie Méthodique. Paris and Liége, 1782-1825.

Jahrbiicher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, Frankfurt-am-

Main.

Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta.

Journal of Conchology. London. Vol. ii., 1879, to present date.

Journal de Conchyliologie. Paris. (J. de C.)

Journal of Malacology. London. Vols. iii., 1894, to xii., 1905.

Journal of the Portland Society of Natural History. Portland, Maine.

Magasin de Zoologie, Paris.

Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde, Berlin.

Malakozoologische Bliitter. Cassel.

Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical

Society. (Manchester Memoirs.)

Mémoires presentées & linstitut Egyptien. Cairo.

Mémoires de la Société d’ Histoire naturelle, Paris.

Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, Paris.

Monats-Berichte der kéniglich-preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften,

Berlin.

Nachrichts- Blatt der deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, Frankfurt-

am-Main.

Nova Acta Academia Czsarea Leopoldino-Carolina Germanice Nature

Curiosorum.

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History.

Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London.

Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington.

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. (P.Z.S.)

Quarterly Journal of Conchology. London. Vol. i., 1874-78. (Continued

as Journal of Conchology.)

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. Paris.

Revue Zoologique par la Societé Cuviérienne. Paris.

Sitzungs-Berichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde, Berlin.

Sitzungs-Berichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien,

Transactions of the Entomological Society of London.

Transactions of the Linnean Society, London. (Linn. Trans.)

Verhandlungen der k.k. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft, Wien.

Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra naturhistorisk Forening, Copenhagen.

Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie. Hanover and Cassel.

Zeitschrift fiir Wissenschaftliche Zoologie. Leipsig.

Zoological Journal. London.

Zoologische Jahrbiicher. Jena.

Zoologischer Anzeiger, &e. Leipsig.

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i as) i a) ‘yi :

Tey Tiel

five l*F

inetd Eaeay ie

Ann.S.Afr Mus.Vol. XI. Pile ie

T.B.Stoney del. West, Newman lith.

1. Ennea magnolia. 2. Hnnea rhodesiana.

3. Streptostele herma. 4. Natalina tarachodes.

5. Trachycystis erythractis. 6. Trachycystis.metallakter.

7. Huonyma gouldi. 8. Melampus semiaratus.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

Names of higher rank than Genera are printed in CAPITALS; Genera and

Subgenera, in sMALL CAPITALS;

species in ordinary type (roman); varieties,

synonyms, and forms not actually known in South Africa, in italics.

When a valid species is attributed to a Genus other than that in which it was

originally placed, the author’s name is printed in brackets; but in the case of

synonyms and invalid species the original Genus is printed in brackets after the

author’s name.

The synonyms of the following species, though mentioned in the text, are

omitted from the index:—P. draparnaudi;

L. flavus; A. agrestis and levis;

H. lactea and pisana; C. acicula; and M. tuberculata.

PAGE

abyssinica, yon Mts. Physopsis .. 250

ACAN ED Pilgbs | sts 210 - 149

Acauus de Montiort seo. ..<+ cose 160

NC HUAILINA, p Dicyttdleueyenslejte olctere rare aie ese 190

achatina, Lin. (Bulla) .......... 203

ACHATINIDA, von Mts. ...... 188

ACHATININA, H. & A. Adams 188

acicula (Miill.) Cwcilioides ...... 206

acinoides, Morel. Melampus...... 226

actinotricha (M. & P.) Trach. .... 133

acuminata (Morel.) Phytia ...... 232

HOS. Wii Opie, cooanosaon code 217

acuta (Miill.) Cochlicella........ 157

acuta, am, Achatina er. s/6 eto 194

adamsiana, Pir. Hnnea ........ 65

addita, Fér. (Helix.) ......... 156

adspersa, Beck (Helix) .......... 160

advena (Ancey) Cecilioides...... 206

edigyra, see cedigyra

enemy (Kiss) Mirachs, Gcncrsle ele 0 133

Alen ODE AMIS = srejeseiess oie afc -creleieroes 89

FA fEMiLLUS VION UMIGS ey) seloiNel sheteler ele .. 250

affine, Sow. (Cyclostoma) ........ 255

aginis, Smith, Lanistes......... . 258

GMINIS METS LEDIPES rele) ajc) ee ieie ce sys 230

aijra; bin s(Nanina)) sic a. ves s\s 147

africe, Brown (Helix) .......... 143

africana, M. & P. Balea ...... 188

africana (Krs.) Corbicula ...... 277

africana, Krs. Physopsis .... 249

africana, Krs. Succinea ........ 219

africana, Bgt. Limnwa ........ 234

africanus, von Mts. (Paludomus) 261

africanus, Bttg. Zonitoides...... 116

africanus, Lea (Unio) .......... 271

AWRODONTA, Mi G7 Pe tcietecece ce 127

AFRORHYTIDA, MIIdff. .......... 90

ING INVACIUEWAC Miorchie crasteris sieves «+ 62

agrestis (Lin.) Agriolimax ...... 121

PAGE

Aarronimax, Morch......0.2..-. 21

alabastrina (Morel.) Paludestrina 265

alabastris, Crvn. (Cyclotus)...... 2a1

albersi (Pfr.) Hnnea\ <2 0.6.2 2 siscm 66

albida (Krs.) Corbicula .......... 278

albopicta, von Mts. var. ........ 102

slcocki. M. & Pi rachtewaercretetetel 133

alexandri, Gray, Dorcasia ...... 149

alexandrina, Bgt. Limnea ...... 234

Alleria), Weaclyanrciiieitelsernets\< ‘ 232

algoensis, ‘* Morel.” (Physa) .. 243

alicia, Min de Hin ne alterrersretetetctets 66

allerian, Gray (Limax).......... 124

alliacea, Jeffr. (Helix) .......... 112

alliaria (Mill.) Polita..... 2.22... 112

aloicola (M. & P.) Peltatus ...... 104

alpinus, Fér. (imax) .....-++... ve)

amena, Morel. (Melania) ........ 261

Amalia, Moq:-Lamndltscyres's fencer 120

amarula (Lin.) Melania ........ 262

ambigua, Stur. (Hnnea) ........ 80

ambiguus, von Mts. var. ........ 258

Ampelita, Beck. ..........+ sogao 3 Yh)

amphibia, Drap. (Succinea)...... 219

amphodon, M. & P. (Pupa) ...... 181

ampliatus (M. & P.) Kerkophorus 107

ampullacea, Bttg. Achatina...... 191

ampullacea, Stur. (Hnnea) ...... 81

AMPULLARIA, MUBIMesey teicher cts 257

AMPULLARIIDM, Gray....... 2 200)

anceyi, Bgt. (Trochonanina) 2% 102

ANCYLUS; GCOLTOY sere eitce ceils «re 239

anderssoni, Ancey, Planorbis.... 235

ANDRARION, GeoAlstia) eetee. ss oc 101

angolensis (Morel.) Isidora .....- 243

Anisoloma, AMCCYs ele) .\0) <1s10<\0 «cite 187

AnodonnOKenererteteteheyensr< clelel0) esco¥e 275

antiquorum, Fer. (Limax) ...... 119

APERA, Eley Memleieleies els «1 «<1 62

296

PAGE

APERIDA, Mlldff. ...... sodc05

aperostoma, M.& P. Ennea .... 66

aprica (Krs.) Trach. .........00. 134

arborea, Ad. & Ang. Succinea.... 220

arborea, Mouss. (Succinea) ...... 220

arboreus (Say) Zonitoides ...... 116

arboricola, Conn. Succinea ...... 220

AT. CHELUG AI DEYSitctcialore ctarerorsieslerens 161

arenicola (Bs.) Ena ............ 165

arguta, M. & P. Natalina........ 90

JAR TONS MHIOT Ns vale tio syeloreietevntereei erste 126

NETO UD Aires Gitaiys) Welelai ererele:alelels 124

INRTONEN ADS WMOrse: =sieie estes ceo 126

ARIOPHANTINA, G.-Aust. .... 116

ATMO Stuns HMMeA). cae eels ers ae 67

arnoldi, Stur. (Livinhacia) ...... 190

arnotti (Bs.) Peltatus .......... 104

aspersas Mill EVeliKe ses cimicie es ee 160

ASPIDOBRANCHIA, Schweigger 269

INSSE MANTA INCA GCI crcleletelfelsieierele ee 267

ASSEMANIID#, H. & A. Ad. .. 267

PA'SSUMATVEG, (OIC) aralesleverercictels) sta cvenete 267

astartina (von Mts.) Corbicula 278

asthenes (M. & P.) Peltatus 104

ater, Muhlf. (Conovulus) ...... 226, 7

niaip ((Loyhaln)) IAEHObA SG oe Goob Sb DO0C 288

aterrima (Gray) Oopelta ........ 124

aulacophora (Ancey) Trach. 134

AUMLCULG, UAT.» oe codes ci ele 226-232

AURICULASTRA, von Mts. ........ 230

AURICULIDA, Gray .......... 225

IANO TCWIEN AM PET vey eioreto mies 230

aurigaster, Layard. Testacella.... 64

auris-leporis, M.& P. Ennea .... 67

aurita (Mill.) Pachymelania .... 287

aurora, Pir. Achatina, of..2.-..- 191

Austrocyclus, Ancey «.......+..+ 250

avellana, Morel. Melampus...... 229

badia, Morel. Succinea.......... 220

IBV, IAG 6655 consoddac SS

balteatus (Phil.) Claviger ........ 287

(Non AOnHHy Lea ty (lalUb 56 Ga onod 2000 158

barrakporensis (Pfr.) Kaliella .... 117

BASOMMATOPHORA, Kfstn. 225

LETTE HNC NE 500 0506 00000C 219

bathyccele (M. & P.) Trach....... 134

beccarit, Palad. (Physa)) <....200. 246

beckeri, Fulton (Stenogyra) ...... 216

beckit, Sow. (Neritina) .......... 270

berth MiG Pe Binneae sa.rertcs 67

beyrichi (von Mts.) Natalina .... 90

bifasciata, Nev. Assemania ...... 267

bilamellaris, M. & P. Endodonta 127

binominis, Stur. (Hmnea) ........ 82

bisculpta, Smith, Achatina...... 191

bisculpta (Bs.) Trach. .......... 134

bisulcata (Jick.) Jaminia........ 178

bloyeti, Bgt. Meladomus .. 260

bloyett, Bgt. Spatha. .......... 276

boivini (Morel.) Ena............ 165

Annals of the South African Museum.

PAGE

borbonica, Fér. (Helix) .......... 193

borbonica, Desh. (Helix) ........ 157

borniana, Beck (Achatina) ...... 203

bourguignati, Grandid. (Limic.) .. 190

bourguignati, Ancey (Spathella).. 276

bowkere, M. & P. Ennea........ 67

bowkeri (Sow.) Ena ............ 165

bowkeri, M. & P. Succinea ...... 220

bowkeri, M. & P. Planorbis ...... 237

bowkeriana, Ancey (Helix) ...... 13

Bradybana, Beck)... -- eee 284

brardiana, Pfr. (Helix) ...... : 156

MSs Gass GUN 5 oo baawooool[UC 267

breweri, Newe. (Hyalina) ........ 116

bridouxiana, Bet. (Burtoa) ...... 190

brocchii, Ehrn. Isidora.......... 245

browningit, Bs. (Helix) .......... 143

brunneus, Drap. (imax) .......- 122

Buccinum, Lin..........- 206, 234, 262

bulbus (Mke.) Doreasia ........ 150

Buliminide, Auctt. ........00- 163

Buliminus, Ehrn., see Ena, &c.

bulimoides, Moq.-Tand. (Helix) .. 158

bulimoides, Swains. (Meladomus) 259

Bulimulus, Leach, see Ena

Bulimus, Brug., see Achatina, Ena,

Euonyma, &c.

Ign hie itis Gonooame6d o000 500006 203

bullacea (Pfr.) Rhytida........ 97, 283

burchelli (Gray) Ena .......... 166

burnupi, Smith, Apera.......... 62

burnupi, M. & P. Ennea........ 67

burnupi (M. & P.) Trach. ...... 135

burnupi (M. & P.) Ena.......... 166

burnupi, Smith, Achatina ...... 191

burnupi, Walker, Ancylus ...... 242

burnupi, Cllge. Onchidium ...... 224

Burnupia, Walker..........000. 239

IBURTOA,, Bots tre msicteeeesialsierstanterete 189

cacuminata (M. & P.) Euonyma 213

@aCILIOMDES; “HEM. ms ecsiers eleteioieiere 205

Gacilionella, Bott eerste ier 205

cajfen, Kas: (Bulimus)itis. 175

cater, Kars. Ancylus) jeri ers 239

caffer, ‘‘Krs.”’ (Planorbis) ...... 286

caffer (Kiist.) Melampus ...... -- 226

CAFFERIA, SiMpSON ........00.. 271

caffra (Krs.) Cafferia............ 271

caffra (Feér.) Natalina .......... 90

Genii Oe OPipy nosbosaosoopec 255

caffrula, M. & P. Natalina ...... 91

cnimsi, Mi. & PB. Hmmea es cscceeiels 68

calaharicus (Bttg.) Leucoch. .... 177

calearea (Sow.) Tropidophora.... 253

caledonensis, G.-Aust. Peltatus .. 105

caledonensis, Chaper (Hydrobia).. 266

callista, M. & P. Hnnea ........ 68

caloglypta, M. & P. Curvella ...- 208

calopasa, M. & P. Hnnea ...... 68

| ealorama, M.(cPa rach.) <5 )j.- 135

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca.

cameroni, Bgt. (Cleopatra) ......

campestris, ‘‘ Krs.”’? (Limax) ....

candidula, Morel. Ennea........

capense (Krs.) Spherium..... Dod

capense (Pfr.) Phortion

capensis (Krs.) Milax ..........

capensis (Kurr) Jaminia ........

capensis, Pollon. Oopelta........

capensis, Mke (Helix) ..........

capensis, Alb. Achatina..........

capensis, Walker, var. ..........

capensis, Krs. (Truncatella) ......

capillacea, Morel. (Physa)

capillata, Frnfd. Vivipara

capsula (Bs.) Peltatus ..........

carinifera (M. & P.) Ena ........

caryatis, M. & P. Ennea ........

CASSTDUTAS HCL raheem eee

castaneus, Miihlf. Melampus ...

catarracte (M. & P.) Curvella

catonis (M. & P.) Auriculastra ..

cavanne, Paul. (Hyalina)........

cellaria (Miill.) Polita oer

centrifuga, M. & P. Trach. ......

Ceratoconcha, Srth.

cerned askin (Lelix) vretsrerclerersiereretere

cernua (von Mts.) Dorcasia......

CESS, leis ((UsWelib) AaB edooos cone

chaplini, M. & P. Natalina

chapmani, M. & P. (Stenogyra) ..

chapmanni, Ancey (Sculptaria) ..

charybdica, M. & P. (Pupa)......

charybdis (Bs.) Trach. ..........

chemnitziana, Pfr. (Achatina) ....

Chersina, Humphrey ..........

Chilogymnus, Jouss. ...........+-

Chlamydephorus, Binn.

CHonpDRocycLUs, Ancey ........

Choristoma, de Christ. & Jan. ..

chrysoprasinus (M. & P.) Micro-

ReRisUSi:s Savw.cid a chonku cite seemed

churchilliana, M. & P. Achatina

cimolia, M. & P. Ennea

cinctus, Dum. (Limax) ..........

cinereus, Lister (Limax) ........

cingulatus (M. & P.) Kerkophorus

cinnamomea, M. & P. Achatina ..

GironeuiaJetiren sjetere et ale te cee

cionis, M. & P. Ennea

citrinus, Westerl. (Limax) ......

CLAUSILIID, B. B. Woodw. ..

claustraria, M. & P. Ennea..... 3

clavulata, Morel. (Physa)........

CLEopatRA, Troschel..........--

coacta (Meusch.) Melania ......

coagulum (von Mts.) Trigonephrus

CocHumre nmin Here setae ice

Cochilitoma,Wers Vinisncie cece cee:

Cochlohydra, Ber... 1.06 s06s50e5

CCALIAXIN A, Pilsb.

Casnraxis, Ad. & Ang.

297

PAGE

cenopictus (Hutt.) Leucoch. nut

conotera (M. & P.) Natalina .... 92

ccerneyensis, M. & P. Natalina .. 92

coerulea, Kiist. Vans | aclesisicisis\e el 228

collaris (Pfr.) Sculptaria ....-.-- 131

colliert, M. & P. (Hmnea).......- 76

columnella, M. & P. Ennea .... 69

comatula, Fér. (Helix) .........- 283

comburens, M. & P. Tropidophora 253

companyoi, Nunnely (Limax) .... 119

compta, M. & P. Isidora

eee eeeee

congellana, Krs. (Helix) ......-- 108

conisalea (M. & P.) Trach. ...... 136

connexiva, Fér. (Helix).........- 283

connollyi, M. & P. Ennea........ 69

connollyi, Prest. Thapsiella . 104

connollyi, M. & P. Trach. ..... at 236

connollyi, Prest. Succinea ...... 220

connollyi, Prest. Achatina ...... 192

connollyi, Walker, Ancylus...... 242

Conovulus, am peaeaminctercerter 226

consobrina, Ancey, Ennea ...... 70

consobrina (Caill.) Corbicula .. 277, 279

contorta (Mich.) Isidora ........ 244

ConuULiInus, von Mts. ......... 164

conulus (Rve.) Hina) cerieirciaetier 167

convexiusculus (Pfr.) Chondr. .. 251

cor, duam. (Cyrena)) syne eter 279

CorpicuLa, Megerle von Miihlfeld. 276

Goretus, Adanson o.eeecer coer 236

@orilla. Hi.& Ay Adi cetetieriorcietets 131

cornalie, Pini (Limax).......... 119

cornea, Morel. (Physa) ........+- 249

corneus (Pfr.) Kerkophorus...... 108

corrugata, Prest. Jaminia ...... 179

corticinus, Morel. Melampus 229

cosmia (Pfr.) Natalina .......... 92

costata, Prest. var. aeeeleeerene 262

costulatus, Krs. Planorbis ...... 235

cotyledonis (Bs.) Peltatus 105

couropa, Less. (Achatina) ...... 193

coxi, Prest. Helicarion ..... be O68 100

coxi; Prest. Trach; sees 136

crassa, von Mts. var. ...0ccecns 190

crassidens, Pir. Hnmea.. - cise eel 70

crassilabris, Crvn. Ennea ...... 70

craterodon, M. & P. Ennea...... 70

craveni, Ancey (Physa).......... 248

craveni, Stur. (Physa) ......-2«- 248

crawfordi, M. & P. Ennea ...... (al

crawfordi (M. & P.) Zingis ...... 99

crawfordi, Morel. Achatina ...... 192

crawfordi (M. & P.) Opeas ...... 211

crawfordi, M. & P. Planorbis .... 235

crawfordi, Brot, Melania ........ 263

crawfordiana (M. & P.) Jaminia.. 179

crepidularius (Lam.) Theodoxis .. 288

crispula, M. & P. Ennea ........ 71

croslyi, Bnp. Curvella .......... 208

crossleyana, M.& P. Ennea .... 71

| erotallaria, Schum. (Achatina) .. 210

298

PAGE

CrypromMpPHALus, Agassiz ........ 160

cryptoplax (M. & P.) Jaminia.... 179

crystallina (M. & P.) Euonyma .. 213

erystallina (Miill.) Vitrea........ 111

cupido, M. & P. Zonitoides ...... 117

GouRVEDDA, Chaper,.iciciclc)- 5 else 207

custodita, M. & P. (Pupa)........ 181

cyamaus, Phil (Uni) sei e616 <r F 271

Colas mB ru Oras crteyheeitereisiereke re 280

CYCLOPHORIDA, Fischer 250

CYCLOPHORINA, Gray........ 250

Cyclophoropsis, Dautzenberg .... 250

CycLopHorus, de Montfort ...... 250

CUClostonia Wa tnie a irclenere otchotenae 251, &e.

Cyclostomatide, Auctt........... 252

Crelotus,. Cru) dimen 2). ater, 2) -fais ove 251, 2

cylindrica, Stur. var. .......56. a

cylindracea (Da Costa) Jaminia.. 284

Cyrena, Lam., see Corbicula

cyreneus, Nunn. (Limax)........ 119

OMAGH INIUD AD, (Cth Goacoocqoaas Ze

cyrtonota, Bgt. (Physa).......... 248

dadion (Bs.) Jaminia............ 179

dedalea, M. & P. Ennea ........ 71

dakaénsis, Stur. Limnea ...... 233

dakaénsis, Stur. Succinea ...... 220

damarana, Bttg. Limnewa........ 233

damarensis (Ad.) Sculptaria 131

damarensis (Ad.) Hna .......... 167

damarensis, Pfr. Achatina ...... 192

damarica (Ancey) Jaminia ...... 179

dammarensis, see damarensis

darglensis, M. & P. Ennea ...... 71

GARG LENSIS, MOTH U AM eyareleicls eleis crete 186

debaizei, Bgt. Limnma .......... 23

decollata (Lin.) Rumina ........ 285

degenerata, Bttg. var. ....-....- 200

delalandei, Pfr. Succinea ...... 221

delicata, Moc Be Aingis) -.)-1-)-1-)- 99

delicatula- weir wHinnean caiesiercies ere 7a

densestriata, Prest. (Vivipara).... 260

densestriata, Conn. var. ........ 145

diaphana (Krs) Isidora.......... 245

difjerens, Stur. (Hnnea) 73

dimera (M. & P.) Hna .......... 168

dimidiata, Smith, Achatina 193

dioryx, M. & P. Trochozonites 103

discrepans, Stur. var. .....20 00. UU

distincta, M. & P. Ennea........ 72

DITREMATA, Fischer & Crosse 223

docimasta, M. & P. Ennea ...... G2

dokimasta, M. & P. (Knnea) .... 72

dolichoskia, M. & P. Ennea 72

Golosa; Hers (EVelix)) Wer cre creretereieole 283

DORCASTAIG Tay) ioe oeyene cl arecievesiat 149

dorsalis, von Mis. war. ....-2 ss 276

drakensbergensis, M. & P. Ennea 72

drakensbergensis (Smith) Ena 168

drakensbergensis,M.& P.(Achatina) 195

draparnaudi (Beck) Polita ... 114

Annals of the South African Museum.

PAGE

dubiosa (Stur.) Ena ............ 169

dubiosus, Walker, var. .........- 241

dumeticola (Bs.) Natalina ...... 93

dunkeris Pirsibmmea ses ele/ie1> elere 73

durbanense, Stur. Opeas ........ 212

durbanensis, Stur. (Mnnea) ...... 70

durbanica, M. & P. (Auricula).... 231

dysorata (M. & P.) Jaminia...... 180

Eburnea, Mouss. ...... Medeisvererole 164

eburnea, Hartm. (Helix) ........ 111

ectima. Me G& Re Erachew macrerecrors 136

ekloniana, Beck (Helix) ........ 284

Pleas Euttonic ac ac clsrets/elvele wets 95

ELASMOGNATHA, Morch. 219

elation, VON NGS 3O0GTI eee «10 0% 103, 259

elevata, Bnp. Curvella .......... 208

elizabethensis, M. & P. var. ...... 181

elliptica, M. & P. Ennea ........ 73

ellipticus, von Mts. Lanistes .... 257

Ellobiide, H.& A. Ad. ........ 225

IAN Vath C8 ING ENG I5 ga boan d6o0 286

elongata, Fér. (Helix) .........- 221

elongata, Stur. var. ..-. 2s... 67

emicans, M. & P. Segmentina 238

emini, von Mts. var. ....... are 90

INA lu cache ces ects ctyere aisievel leer ste 163

Enpoponta, Albers ............ LO

ENDODONTID/, Crosse ...... 127

endoplaz, M. & P. (Pupa)........ 181

ENIDA, B. B. Woodw. .......- 163

FUNNAS Ln Ge AMA reretere ste. efeyavellets 64

ASIN INGHVUUNGARY SoG Diet tetevetersverelejeis releliars 64

epetrima (M. & P.) Trach. ...... 136

epixantha, Pir. (Helix) .......... 157

equeefensis, Walker, Ancylus.... 242

erating, Mi. & P. (Helix)... ./osir.r- 143

erythractis, Conn. Trach. ...... 13

Erpetrometra, Lowe ...........- 266

eshowensis, M. & P. Ennea $8 73

euconuloides. M. & P. Kaliella 117

Euhyalinia, Albers ........---- 113, 4

EULAMELLIBRANCHIA, Pels. 271

eulimoide (Prest.) Opeas ........ 212

eulimoides (Gray) Zootecus...... 218

HuLoTa, Hartmann <1... i 156

eumacta (M. & P.) Natalina 93

Evonyma, M. & P....... Beaten 213

EupARYPHA, Hartmann.......... 162

JINR 1iAby ooadoocnDode ooo 00 281

cuphratica, Lam. (Cyrena) ...... 279

euschemon, M. & P. (Ennea) 70

eustilbus, Bgt. (Zonites) ........ 112

euthymia, M. & P. Ennea ...... 73

EUTHYNEURA, Spengel. ...... 62

exarata, Krs. Succinea .......... 221

excedens, Stur. var. ........ meters 79

excentrica, Sterki, Vallonia...... 159

eximia, M,. & Po Hinnear snc scieis ole 74

eximia, Bgt. (Physa) ........+-6. 250

CXLSEVEH, VOM MESS VAI Sis sistseielel ele 234

exsertus, M. & P. Chondr.

exspectata, Mouss. var.

fallax, Say (Bulimus) ..........

fanulus, Pir. (Helix)

farquhari, M. & P. Ennea

farquhari, Bnp. Endodonta-.....

farquhari (M. & P.) Trach. ......

farquhari (M. & P.) Jaminia ...

farquhari, Walker, var.

fasciata, Kiist. var.

fasciata (Krs.) Assemania........

fasciatus, von Mts. Urocyclus....

fasciatus, Nilss. (Limax)

Faula, H. & A. Ad.

Favuxuuus, Schauf.

IP RRISSTA Walkera merle erate

ferruginea (Lea) Cleopatra

ferrugineum (Krs.) Spherium....

ferrussaci, Dkr. (Bulimus)

jischeriana, Bgt. (Physa)

fissidens, Bttg. Unio

flavescens, Cllge. Oopelta

flavescens (Kfstn.) Urocyclus ..

MAW USS es ULNA Ke eroe<)eferersiel eects

florentie, M. & P. Hypolysia ..

fluminalis (Mill.) Corbicula......

Pum ininay ClESSe cere cleiarsieista err oe

fetida, Stark (Helix)............

fontana (Krs.) Jaminia

fonticola, Desh. (Pupa)

fontinalis, Walker, Ancylus......

foriclusa, M. & P. Ennea

formosa, M. & P. Ennea

forskali, Ehrn. Isidora

fossaria, Mont. (Helix)

foveolata (M. & P.) Tropidophora

frivaldskyana, Zeleb. (Corbicula)

frustillum, M. & P. (Pupa)

fryana (Bs.) Jaminia

fulgurata, Pfr. var.

fulica (Fér.) Achatina

fulva (Brug.) Achatina

fuscata, Lam. (Cyrena)

fuscicolor (M. & P.) Kerkophorus

Jfuscolabris, yon Mts. (Achatina) ..

fusca, Phil. (Auricula)

fuscus (Mill.) Arion

see e reese

re a)

se ee ee

ele <¢,\sle.016

ee |

CBO. CHONOORG

a ey

eer e se oo ee

ee eeee

eee eee sees

~ alale = eveje)ejelials

Oh e48),9! #eKe8 ene

Ce) et eye ee el ele

eet e cease

gagates (Drap.) Milax

Gallandia, Bet., see Peltatus, &c.

GASTROPODA, Cuv.

gaulus, Gld. (Ancylus)

gauritziana, Krs. (Cyrena)

genialis, M. & P. Ennea

GHENDROREMIGA Bers x2 aceris

genulabris, von Mts. (Helix)

Geomalacus, Allman

gibbonsi (Binn.) Apera

gibbonsi, Nelson, Planorbis......

giraudi, Bgt. (Bulimus)

CeOCeCHIC NC CaCI)

eee eee we oe

Glandina, Schum.

glanvilleana (Ancey) Jaminia....

glanvilleana (Ancey) Trach. ....

glaphyra, Say (Helix)

glaucocyanea, M. & P. (Subulina)

glebaria, M. & P: Trach. 22c. ....

globosa (M. & P.) Curvella

globosa, Morel. Physopsis

globosus, ‘* Miill.”’ (Helix)........

globulavis, ‘‘ Morel.’’ (Physopsis)

globulosa, Jick. var. ssssseeanie ee

globulus (Miill.) Trigonephrus

glutinosa, Pfr. Achatina

gokweanus (Bttg.) Cecilioides ..

gordonensis, M. & P. var.

goudotiana (Sow.) Tropidophora ..

could, Pires Hnnes. -\.. costes

gouldi, Conn. Euonyma

gradata, M. & P. (Physa)........

grandidieri, Pilsb. var..........-

granifer (Mouss.) Melampus

granulata, Pfr. Achatina

GRANULALG, KUSS VON cine «is clei ctorere

granulosa, Clige. Oopelta....... :

granum, Morel. (Assemania)

greyi, da Costa, Achatina........

eviqualandica (M. & P.) Jaminia

grisea, Gmelsy (Elelix). 3)... <6 «else

egwandaensis, Prest. Streptaxis

gypsinus (M. & P.) Trigonephrus

Gyraulus, Agassiz

CC ee?

ee ecne

a ay

ee te tees

Cr ae |

harpula, Fér. (Physa)

hartmanni, von Mts. (Spatha) ....

hartvigiana (Pfr.) Trach. ........

hartvigiana (Pfr.) Tropidophora ..

hautteceuri, Bgt. Unio

haygarthi, M. & P. Zingis

HEticarion, Fer.

HELICARIONINA, G.-Aust.

Helicella, Fér., see Polita, &e.

HELICIDA, Gray

Helicodonta, Fér.

Helicogena, Fer.

HELCLTCONSIS | CCK. s\-.0 oie elo tonne

Helicostyla, Hers. .1< << evsiersenererets

Hetix, Lin.

hemprichi, Ehyrn. (Isidora)

herma, Conn. Streptostele

hermanni, Bttg. Planorbis

hewstoni, Coop. (imax)

hickeyana, M. & P. Ennea

hidalgoi (Gass.) Assemania......

hiemalis, Drouet (Geomalacus)

Hijabia, G.- Austere e.

himerothales, M. & P. Ennea....

histrionica, Rve. (Melania)

HOLOGNATHA, W. G. Binn.

| hortensis, Penn. (Helix)

©,.6| afeye elec) ele

eee eee

ee oy

sea eee

eee eae

see een ae

300

PAGE

hottentota (Gray) Ena .......... 169

hottentota (M. & P.) Trach. 138

hudgone (Bs.) Peltatus.......... 105

hudsonie, Bs. (Helix) .......... 105

huttonia, ‘‘ Bs.” (Vitrina) ...... 105

POUT Ma O51 ORS “Gaenoodnbe 89

EA alinta i CHALpep getersa cle) -versete +1 o> Ala

Hydrobia, Hartmann. .......... 265

Eydrobvidc@,; Aucttia siete <i <0 +10 265

FLY DROGENAS HEA TVS saretsialeiele ete er cierto 269

HYDROCENIDA, Bet. ........ 269

Edy doling Wailanl aeiere efel-1e: + s1e1s 122

hygapanus, Bttg. Unio.......... 274

ERVGROPEHDGAS M6ry Peace -csl-x: ‘ 232

hypochlora, M. & P. (Nanina) .. 105

IFRVPOTIV STAR Mia Oc. s eietkelcveis tele) 209

hypsoma, M.&P.Ennea ...... 75

HYRIDELLA, Swainson .......... 274

immaculata, Lam. Achatina .... 195

ampervia,. M. & Po var. 2... 2.6% oc 65

inclara (Morel.) Trach. ........ 138

incommodus, Hutt. (Limax) ...... 126

inconspicua, Bnp. var. ........+ 184

indotata, Rve. Achatina ........ 196

infans; Crvne Hnnes. qc <i sls cl = 2 76

infrendens, von Mts. Ennea 76

UNG ENS PANCEY 4 VAN eis cl sisya sa/-)-t> 259

imeens,|Stur; Bnnes, 2.025. 6. <0. 76

inhambanica, von Mts. (Melania) 264

inhluzana (M. & P.) Natalina 94

inhluzaniensis, Bnp. Endodonta 128

UMNops, Morel (TLOlIX)) eter letters «66 138

insignis, M. & P. Natalina ...... 94

instabilis, Stur. Hnnea ........ 76

insularis (Pfr.) Tropidophora .... 254

intermedius, Normand, Arion .. 127

intradentata, Bnp. (Pupa) ...... 183

inunctus (M. & P.) Kerkophorus.. 108

iota (M. & P.) Jaminia.......... 182

IG Hi pin WUE VINK Bapobo oOo oN CO be 275

UMrorata, ACs (ELE) siejereioletciensse 129

IsmpoRs, Whit. esmercice ee tee cite 243

isipingéensis, Stur. Ennea ...... 77

isipingéensis (Stur.) Chondr. .... 252

isomerioides, M. & P. Dorcasia .. 152

jacobi, da Costa, Achatina ...... 196

JAMINIA, Leach in Risso ........ 178

janulus, Pfr., see fanulus

japonicum, Pilsb. Pupisoma 158

jejunus, M. & P. (Buliminus) .... 173

jenynsi (Pfr.) Martensia ....... . 282

Hickelt, Bet. Wuperay ese <1 si « 281

juckelvi, Krs. (Physa)) <<). .... <1. 1 246

johannesburgensis, M. & P. Ennea 68, 77

jouberti, Bgt. (Burtoa) ......... 190

jouberti, Bet. Limnea .......... 234

juxtidens, NEG Coy IDVabAV IS Beg boo. | Te

KARTEDMA, Blanftord ete ccc sce leli

Annals of the South African Museum.

PAGE

Kerrkopuorvs, G.-Aust. ........ 107

kerea, M. & P. (Pupa) ........ 0.6 181

Kinki, GrayelUnoCyclushercictetsieiscee 123

klobukowskti, Morlet, Cyclophorus 286

knorri (Récluz) Theodoxis ...... 270

knysnaensis (Pfr.) Natalina...... 94

knysnaensis, Prest. Helicarion 100

knysnaensis, Prest. Trach. ...... 138

knysnaensis (Krs.) Assemania.... 268

kosiensis, M. & P. Ennea........ ti

kransii, Rve. (Achatina) ........ 204

ea EEN, Ie dob Kogobooooroc 78

kraussi (Pfr.) Natalina......... . 94

kraussi (Pfr.) Metachatina ...... 188

[ROIS Laniay GENS Goud aoecnuddcd 204

kravssiana (Pfr.) Tropidophora .. 254

kraussianus (Heynem.) Urocyclus 123

kraussii, Kiist. (Auricula)........ 231

kraussit, H. & A. Ad. (Limax) 120

Kaynickia, Hischer \cj\e<crveie «leet 122

kunenensis, Mouss. Unio........ 274

UTP METS (LETH) os pad onoaco0 OC 185

hunny, von) Mits wane << scsi le fees 221

kiisteri (Krs.) Melampus ........ 227

kynganica, Bgt. (Cleopatra)...... 261

labrella (Desh.) Cassidula ...... 231

labyrinthea, M.& P. Ennea .... 78

labyrinthica, ‘‘M. & P.” Ennea.. 78

lacteas, Mulla elelixiy sey) scjesccrt cre 161

leocochlis, M. & P. Euonyma.... 214

levis (Mill.) Agriolimax ........ 122

Laimodonta, Nuttall ............ 230

lamarckiana, Pfr. (Achatina) .... 198

LAMELLIBRANCHIA, de Blainy. 271

lamellosa, Roth (Physa) ........ 246

lanceolata (Pfr.) Euonyma ...... 214

langleyanum, M. & P. Pisidium.. 281

LanistEs, de Montfort ........ a 20k

laticostata, M. & P. Trach. ...... 13

laurenti, Bet. Limnesa ....2...-. 234

lavigeriana, Bgt. (Burtoa) ...... 190

lavigeriana, Bet. Limnea ...... 234

layardi, Ancey (Ennea) ........ 68

layardi (M. & P.) Finals s.ju\. 169

layardi (Bs.) Jaminia .......... 182

layardi, Pfr. Achatina ....... wae 296

layardi, Ad. & Ang. Coliaxis .... 219

lechaptoisi, Ancey (Achatina) .... 198

ledoulxi, Bgt. (Rachis) .......... 173

MECCOUITIOA I BetaMeniae sates 101, 102

lepidum, Conn. Opeas .......... 212

leppani, Stur. Ennea............ 78

letourneuxi (Ancey) Tropidophora 287

Teencochild, AMD; seercrseice oe eo erlore 176

LEUCOCHILOIDES, PEP, Othe teeta 176

leucochilus, M. & P. Blanonbiae .. 236

leucospira (Pfr.) Kerkophorus .. 109

Levis Conmi., varen eee 216

ligata (Mull.) Tropidophora...... 259

HTGATE LTA, VOT MGS yin srtavaree evens 253

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca.

ligatus, Wood (Turbo) ..........

lightfootiana, M. & P. Natalina ..

lignicola, M. & P. Trach........ C

liliacea, Prest. Natalina ........

Limacella, Brard, see Limax

TVA © DANS Grraiyiersyetas sev 2 ejere1er es

LIMACIN A, Swainson

MEAMIVEACKSLITN a wave, sce ie ei sre. c) sisal laiere

limicola, Morel. (Succinea) ...

Limicolaria, Schum.

TON CATA TAIT. o1.srehe ci ayele accte ekate

TGIMIN AGED AY, Gray ..0...cic 22 <n 's0

MGUINOSUN Gr CESS icreiereiaiers clarete ete

linearis (Krs.) Huonyma ........

lineata (Pir.) Tropidophora

lintere, Sow. Achatina ..........

liparoxantha (M. & P.) Natalina

lirata, Cryn. (Physa) ..........

liricostata (M. & P.) Trach.

lissophanes, M. & P. var.

littoricola, Bs. (Helix)

livida, Lin. var.

livida, Lin: (Bulla) <2... 3.2...

lividus (Desh.) Melampus........

livingstone, Bup. var ..........-

livingstonei, M. & P. Achatina

livingstoniana, Ancey (Trochon.)

ETUC NNACTGs | CVOSSEls aeiiae eieitiecic oe

leocochlis, see leocochlis

Joveni(Kxs;) Preach. 5:0 ssreterityer= =

lucana (Miill.) Dorcasia

lucena, Gmel. (Helix)

lucida, Drap. (Helix)

lucida, Pult. (Helix) ............

lutescens, Pfr. (Cassidula)

lygea (M. & P.) Trach.

Lymnea, see Limnea

lymnezformis (M. & P.) Euonyma

re)

see eee

ee ee

ee eee ee

CHONuC aa)

Croc

mabillei & mabillianus, Baud (Geo.)

machachensis, Smith, Achatina..

MacrocycLoipks, von Mts.

Macroogorna, Pils Dimmers crtecieicle

maculata, Plate, Onchidella Z

magilensis, Cryn. (Cyclophorus) ..

magnolia, Conn. Ennea ........

maitenguensis, Stur. Spatha ....

IMIATZANTAS OBB ti /crsrctslalcjers/sctsiel sce

majubana, Conn. Curvella ......

mamboiensis, Smith (Buliminus)..

mamillata (Cryn.) Subulina......

mareotica, Parr. (Physa) ........

margarette, M. & P. Ennea......

marginata, Pini (Limax) ........

marginatus (Say) Leucoch. ......

marie, M. & P. Ennea

marinella, ‘* King ”’

IVPARIENTUTIA, PIII Oey. atest cteveve ial etereierere

maritzburgensis, M. & P. Ennea..

maritzburgensis (M. & P.) Ena ..

MarTENSIA, Semper

weet

(Auricula)....

301

PAGE

mashone (Prest.) Cafferia ...... 273

maugei, Fer. Testacella.......... 64

maura (Heynem.) Veronicella.... 223

mauritiana, Lam. (Achatina) .... 193

mauritziana, de Blainy. (Peronia) 224

maurus, Q. & G. (Limax)..... soo) ay)

maximus, Lin. Limax ...... nose ek)

mebeani, M. & P. Opeas ........ 212

mcbeaniana, Bnp. Ena ....... . 169

mcbeaniana (M. & P.) Jaminia .. 187

MeEnapomvus, Swainson .........- 257

MELAMPIN#, H. & A. Ad. .... 225

Me.ampvus, de Montf. ..... aeiad) ee

melanacme (Pfr.) Ena .......... 170

IMIBANTA, Uua71. a arcetean a cteraeteiete . 262

MELANIID, d’Orb. ......... . 262

MELANIINA, H.& A. Ad. .. 262

melanopneumon, Bergh (Onchidium) 225

Melanopsis, Wer, phen acai 3 280

melvilli, G.-Aust. Kerkophorus .. 109

melvilliana, Ancey (Sculptaria) .. 131

menkeana (Pfr.) Ennea ........ 79

menkeanum (Pfr.) Phortion...... 129

meridionalis (Pfr.) Ena.......... 170

meridionalis, M. & P. var. ...... 106

Mesembrinus, Albers .......0... 165

Meracuatina, Pilsb. ........--. , 188

metallakter, Conn. Trach. ...... 140

metuloides (Smith) Ena ........ 171

micans, Pir. (Bulimus))ciciets ccicisie 214

Macrodon; Meio. .,.\\ctessieieeeeieier 282

MicroxErxkus, G.-Aust..........- otet

microscopica (Krs.) Trach. .. 140, 159

MicrostELE, Bttg......... noSooS 178

microstriata, Prest. Trach. ...... 140

microthauma, M. & P. Ennea 80

Nborb-el(Grth A ieabo oe gdoe 50606 p65, UAW

MUNIALA, NTS. VAT ileieeteieee re 83

minimus, M. & P. (Cyclophorus).. 252

minimus, Srth. (Arion) .......... 127

minor, Pfr. varr 98, 168, 175,

UNO PELE OAT Iie need arstele hens 252, 255

MINOT» Btuks VAN apis ote aeteletre 150

minor, Pollon. Oopelta ........ 125

MINOT: BS: VATIs ss cic ect 182, 252

MINOT; BCL UAT ac ssicie cre teraeie 198

MNO, KiUst. VAT. <cisssicieieeteiee 227

minusculus (Mouss.) Leucoch. 177

minuta, Morel. Ennea .......... 80

minuta, Say, (Helix)| steerer 159

minuta, Drap. (Limnea) ........ 234

minythodes (M. & P.) Zingis .... 99

modesta, Conn. Curvella ........ 209

modesta, Lea (Spatha) .......... 275

molleriz, Pollon. (Arién) ........ 127

MOLLUSCA, Cuvyamececeeetioce. 62

monile, Rve. (Auricula).......... 227

montana, M. & P. Ennea........ 80

monticola, Beck (Helix).......... 284

mooiensis, Walker, Ancylus 241

moreleti, Desh. (Melania) ........ 263

302

PAGE |

morrelli, Prest. Cleopatra........ 262

mossambica, Branezik (Achatina) 198

mossambicensis (Ptrs.) Cafferia .. 273

mossambicensis, ‘‘ Pfr.’’ Martensia 102

moussoni, von Mts. Succinea .... 221

movenensis, Stur. (Buliminus).... 165

mozambica, Bgt. (Trochomorpha) 102

mozambicensis (Pfr.) Ena ...... 171

mozambicensis (Pfr.) Martensia.. 102

multidentata, Stur. Ennea ...... 80

MUNG BS.) (ELELIX)\) Ware. clersi + erie 92

munita, M. & P. Ennea ........ 80

Mpa Soo sogacoosococ doc 276

MU ETD As | Gmaiy, Wrecielers/s1s1e1~ 275

myosotis (Drap.) Phytia ........ 232

namaquanum (von Mts.) Phortion 130

namaquensis (M. & P.) Trigonephrus 155

namibicus (Bttg.) Zootecus ...... 218

INGNUNAs LAV i.crleetorraicls 05, 282, 283

MANUS) NVAIKEY: VAT.) verses ccc 239

natalensis, Clige. Apera ........ 63

natalensis, Crvn. Ennea ........ 81

natalensis, Morel. (Ennea) ...... 82

natalensis (Pfr.) Peltatus........ 106

natalensis (Krs.) Kerkophorus 109

natalensis (Krs.) Ena .......... 171

natalensis, Pfr. Achatina........ 197

natalensis (Bnp.) Euonyma ao ill)

natalensis (von Rapp) Veronicella 223

natalensis, ‘‘ Krs.’”’ (Limax)...... 223

natalensis, Krs. Limnza ........ 233

natalensis, Krs. Planorbis ...... 236

natalensis (Krs.) Isidora ........ 246

natalensis, Pfr. Cyclotus ........ 286

natalensis (Rve.) Theodoxis... 270

natalensis, Lea (Unio) .......... 272

natalensis, Lea (Spatha) ........ 275

natalensis, Krs. Corbicula ...... 279

IN GEAUGA Gao NUS bameiese «ate cients erate 250

natalica, Bet. (Physa) .......... 246

INfadinay IRS Sosoccuconcedc 89

natalis, ‘‘Krs.’? Planorbis ...... 236

navigioliformis, Lea (Unio) ...... 272

INGriia, Wihi, pso¢po00anGcCK00c 255, 264

NERITIDA, Fleming .......... 270

ING7UEVIVA MLIATIVe) aietelstels sisi e.eoleretelone 270

nigra, Phil. (Auricula) .......... 230

nigrvicolus, Tate (Limax) ........ 121

nigropunctata, Morch, Oopelta 125

nilotica (Pir.) Burtoa ..........- 189

nitens, Gmel. (Helix)............ 113

nitida, Drap. (Helix)............ 114

nitidissimus, Bet. (Meladomus, .. 260

Nodularia, Conrad ..........s. 272

Noltel, ties MeucOchen «lc lysierls - 178

nonotiensis, M. & P. Ennea...... 81

noticola, Bs. Hydrocena ........ 269

novemlamellaris, Bnp. Endod. 128

novenaria, Anton (Achatina) 210

nuptialis (M. & P.) Ena ........ ee.

Annals of the South African Musewm.

nyassana, Bgt. (Corbicula) ......

Obeliscus, Beck, see KEuonyma

obesa, Gibb. Ennea

obesa, Pir. var.

obliqua, von Mts. var.

obliquus, Krs. (Ancylus)

oblonga, von Mts. var.

oblongus, Btte. Leucoch.

oblongus, Kiist. var.

obovata, Pfr. Ennea

obscurus, Kiist. var.

occidentalis, Mouss. Ampullaria..

ochracea (M. & P.) Tropidophora

oconnori, Prest. Natalina...... .

octona (Brug.) Subulina

ceedigyra, M. & P. Achatina ......

oliphantensis, Crvn. Corbicula

OUUACEO, KTS UCT arte hetieerecreriers

olivaceus (Sow.) Lanistes ......

omicronaria, M. & P. (Pupa) ....

omphalion, Bs. (Helix)

Once@aiGisteldecce iste cocci

ONCHIDELLA, Gray

ONCHIDIID, Gray

Oncuiptum, Buch.

Oncidiella, see Onchidella

Oncidium, see Onchidium

Ooprrettra, Moérch

OOPELTINA,

Opras, Albers

opposita (Mouss.) Ena

oppugnans, M. & P. Ennea

orcula (Bs.) Pupisoma

ordinaria, M. & P. Trach. ......

ordinarius, M. & P. Melampus

oreina, M. & P. Trach.

orientalis, Lam. (Cyrena)

orophila, Morel. var.

OrAnay Schum gers sccteeie rei eiere

Oe anes (HIND) codacuadco or

ovampicum, Ancey, Pisidium .

ovampoensis, M. & P. (Pupa) ve

ovampoensis (M. & P.), Cecil ....

ovata, da Costa (Achatina)

ovata (Krs.) Assemania

ovata, KUSt. Vans cis ciisisie veiela ete

ovoidea, Bgt. (Physa)

ovularis, Kurr (Pupa)

ovum, Ptrs. Lanistes

eee eee ee eees

ee)

ee eee wne

ee ee ee eee

eer ees

eee eer ee ewes

se ee rece sere

cece eee eee

Cli) ee eae

eee eee ee

eee eee ae

eee eee ee ee

ee cy

er ee cess oe

eee rece ers eoee

Ce ee?

Pacunopus, Albers.

pallescens, Ckll. Urocyclus

pallida, Gibb. var.

PALUDESTRINA, d’Orb.

Pr ery

PALUDESTRINIDZ, B. B. Woodw.

paludicola (Bs.) Phortion........

POLUAUNG Lia: tetetetetekeleitereneteteiciers

Paludinide, Auctt.

Paludomus. Swains.

pamphorodon (Bs.) Jaminia

Car

CORO) ONC tency)

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca.

panthera (Fér.) Achatina

parallela, M. & P. Ennea

parietalis (Mouss.) Isidora

passargei, von Mts. Vivipara .

patentissima, Mke. Succinea ....

patera, M. & P. Trach.

paula, M. & P. (Trach.)

Prpipes, Fer.

Pella, Alb., see Phortion.

pellicula (Fér.) Peltatus

pellucens (Mke.) Auriculastra..

PELTATIN#, G.-Aust.

Preutatus. G.-Aust.

penestes, M. & P. Achatina

peutheri, Stur. Ennea .........

pentheri (Stur.) Ena

pentheri, Stuy. var.

pepita, King, Marinula

periploca, M. & P. Ennea

perissodonta, Stur. Ennea

perlevis, Prest. Zingis

permeata, M. & P. Trach.

Peronia, de Blainville

perplicata (Bs.) Trach.

perspicua, M. & P. Ennea

petersi (Pfr.) Ena

petersi, von Mts. (Achatina)

petersi (von Mts.) Veronicella

petersi, von Mts. Spatha .

pethericki, Bgt. (Burtoa)

petrobia (Bs.) Trach.

pfeifferi (Krs.) Ennea

pfeifferi, Krs. Planorbis

Phasis, Alb.

Puortion, Preston

phragma, M. & P. Ennea

Physa, Drap., see Isidora

Puysopsis, Krs.

Puytia, Gray

phytostylus (Bs.) Peltatus

picturata, Morel. Ena

GN ACLU ES Cilia) el hcyel ciel syayet=totere

parasitica (Parr.) Hupera.......

parma, Brard (Limacella).......

RET IMARTON ISCH ET e5 «1s oor el crore

parthenia, M. & P. Achatina ....

parvispirum, Pir. (Cyclostoma) ..

parvulus, Nuttall, Melampus ....

passargei, von Mts. Achatina ...

weet eee

Jeti, LEG eaaaecobocoGooeD.c

PECTINIBRANCHIA, Cuvier..

Pelecypoda, Goldf. = Submytilacea

penthert, Stur. (Pupa) -.......-

pentheri, Stur. Achatina .......

pentodon, Morel. Ennea_ : " ick

pereximia (M. & P.) Jaminia ....

perfida, Bnp. Endodonta ........

ee eee

Cetrt) CVO

0) er eeze, se ie)

eee eee

peroni, Cuv. Onchidium .......

perplexa (Bnp.) Jaminia .......

perspicueformis, Stur. Enrea....

ee ee ee

phedimus (M. & P.) Kerkophorus

ee ey

ee ee?

eee ee

303

PAGE PAGE

197 pietersburgensis (Prest.) Euonyma 216

190 | pinguis (Krs.) Trach: | o.2.-.-..: 142

S2i| Lintoaw, Bet. 5. asedees EL EHOOE 190

280 | pisana, Miill. Helixajece seine <tc 162

246 | piscinalis, M. & P. Succinea .... 222

1M Prstprom, ©: Pith Pacsemeceeees 281

123 | pisolina, Gould (Nanina).......- 283

198 |ePisum,, Gray .....0s suse aeee 280, 281

287 | placenta, M. & P. Trochomorpha 103

228 | planodiscus, M. & P. Segmentina 239

199 | Puanorsis, Geoffroy ........-+0s 230

260"|-planti, Pir; Ennea, <2 screens 83

222 | planti (Pfr.) Helicarion ........ 100

140s) Pplantr (Pir.) Trach. \.. sacseeceoe 142

OSM planti Dir ar. «+ «duane 189

159))|| planti, Pfr. Succinea.......c2eee 222

2500 | plata, Pirs (Helix); ....2..056 Bee dee

230 | platyacme, M. & P. Euonyma.... 216

| PLAPYPODA, Semper .../sac¢ 250

plicicutis, Bs. (Cyclophorus) .... 252

106 | plurilirata, Fulton, Tropidophora 256

285 poeppigi (Mke.) Kerkophorus .... 110

NOE |) Toit, IIGh openooasandsoocecc 112

104 || polita,; Ma & RP. Ennea, .....0c8es 84

EGON PEOLTGUTG SAY) bea «00/000 20 oeesttee 131

82 | polypunctata, Cllge. Oopelta .... 126

Qe eBomatias leach, ...+.-2+ ocenneee 160

184 | pomatia, Mill. (Helix) .......... 155

199 | POMATIIDA, B. B. Woodw. .... 252

272 | pondoensis, G.-Aust. Microkerkus 111

82 | ponsonbyana (Morel.) Jaminia .. 187

230 | ponsonbyi, Fult. Dorcasia ...... 152

187 | ponsonbyi (Clige.) Milax ........ 121

128 | ponsonbyi, Morel. Assemania .... 268

82 | porphyrostoma (M. & P.) Trig. .. 155

82 | pottebergensis, Krs. (Pupa) ...... 185

99 | premnodes, Stur. Ennea ........ 84

141 | pretoriensis (M. & P.) Jaminia .. 183

224 | pretoriensis, M. & P. (Helix) .... 117

224 | princeps, Lea, Melanopsis........ 287

183 | prionacis (Bs.) Trach. .......... 143

141 | PRORHIPIDOGLOSSOMORPHA,

83 Gropbene scree a to cere 62

83 | pruizenensis, Conn. Huonyma .. 216

173 | psammophila (Bttg.) Ena........ 173

194 | psichion, M. & P. (Pupa) ....... . 285

223 | ptychaxis (Smith) Ena.......... 165

275 | pulchella (Miill.) Vallonia........ 159

190 | pulchella, M. & P. Ennea....... . 84

142 | pulchella, Morel. (Alexia) ...... 232

83 | pulcherrima, Ang. (Neritina) .... 271

237 | pulligerus (Lin.) Theodoxis ...... 270

TO) | PRUUMONATAY Cuvee serene 62

129 | pumilio (M. & P.) Andrarion .... 101

129 | punctata (Anton) Ena .......... 173

S35 ieupa; Drap.. si. cemieeioeeaeers 178

Pupe, Auctt, -j\cietoce cere 176

DAO) |e Pupide, Aucttinyseeeeeeeoeer eee 176

2598 | Pupilla, Leachisneceere cece 178

OW 9 LUPISOMA, Stolsaeee ee eee ree 158

284 | Pupoides, Pir. ...... Ceiate ciara) LAO

304 Annals of the South African Musewm.

PAGE PAGE

purcelli, Cllge. Apera .......... 63 | scevola, M. & P. Achatina ...... 1199

purcelli (M. & P.) Huonyma .... 216 | scalaris, Dkr. (Bulinus) ........ 246

purpureus (Jonas) Lanistes...... 259 | scalata, Merian (Physa) ........ 245

pusilla (H. & A. Ad.) Auriculastra 286 | schackoi, Jick. Isidora ......... . 247

pusilla, Morel. (Ennea).......... 80 | scheerfize (Pfr.) Natalina ........ 96

pusilla (Parr.) Corbicula .... 277, &c. | schencki, von Mts. Achatina .... 200

pycnotricha, M. & P. Trach. .... 144 | schinziana, Mouss. Achatina .... 200

pygmeus, H. Ad. (Bulimulus).... 169 | schmidti, Dkr. (Bulinus) ........ 246

pyrum, Poro (Physa) .........- 245 | schrencki, see schencki

schultzei, Brig. Hina... <0... 174

quantula (M. & P.) Jaminia .... 183 | schultzei, Srth. (Ceratoconcha) .. 282

queketti, M. & P. Hnnea ........ 84 | schweinfurthi, von Mts. var. .... 190

quekettiana (M. & P.) Natalina ... 96 | scolopendra, M. & P. Trach. .... 146

scrobiculata, M. & P. Ennea .... 8a

Rachisellisy ets en seas eli lclere + 1o4, | IScunprAmras Iii Vora cis decisis ete ere 131

radiata (Parr.) Corbicula ........ 279 | sculpturata (Gray) Sculptaria.... 132

radiolata (Morel.) Auriculastra .. 23 sebasmia, Bgt. (Burtoa) ....... « 190

rariplicata (Bs.) Trach. ........ lad: || ‘sectilis, Her, (Elelix)) s)s24 selene 284

rectilinearis, Sow. (Unio) ...... 272 | Sramentina, Fleming ......... - 288

regularis, M. & P. Ennea........ 84 | sejuncta, Stur. (Hnnea).......... 78

MENLOCCE, Soil (ELCLINA)) vayeyotelels) opolelelleie 112 | semiaratus, Conn. Melampus.... 228

restitwtoris, Humph. (Helix) .... 160 | semidecussata, Mke. Achatina .. 200

retisculpta (von Mts.) Sculptaria 132 | semigranosa, Pfr. (Achatina) .... 194

reymondi, Bgt. (Bulimus)........ 190 | semiplicata, Morel. (Physa) ...... 246

rhabdota, M. & P. Achatina .... 199 | semisulcatus, Mouss. Melampus .. 229

RHAcHIpINA, Thiele ............ 164 | senegalensis (Morel.) Leucoch. .. 177

TCWACTASSPAND ETS ieyetolel eVeloleie\sieloueiesors 164 | separata, Stur. Ennea .......... 86

VHACHISELLUS, Bits cl. ccr cnc 164 / sericina; Jick: Isidora) o3.0.- << 247

RNagada, Albers! © cine secre eie0e UES || Ome My Gadagaadcodpadscoud 190

RHIPIDOGLOSSA, Troschel.... 269 | sesamorum, Bgt. (Pachnodus) .... 170

rhodesiana, Conn. Ennea........ 85 || Sheldonia, Ancey ......0.0. 0.8.6 99

Rhodostoma, Swainson .........- ole WSUCUL a Gray a ot rele axe ole sola ietonel siete 231

rhysodes, M. & P. (Trach.) ...... 141 | sigurensis, G.-Aust. Kaliella .... 117

MY LUA CAUDEYS are leraicvetoteie © -lelaie 89, &c. | siliqua, Conn. Huonyma ........ 217

EYEE TDD SPilsb. neice =. 10 89 | similaris (Fér.) Eulota .......... 156

ridibunda, M. & P. (Pupa) ...... 179) |) ‘simillima, Sturl var. co... see sters Tf

MINCClLeNt LUCA eee see cme oe 132 | simplex, Smith, Achatina ...... 201

rivulanis (Kers)) Trach.) ees «tere =< 145 | simplex, M.& PB. Trach. .....-<6 J47,

rivularis, Phil. (Physa).......... 245 | sinensis, Nev. Assemania ........ 269

HROCEDIUMUG, IBGt. tet conte aeteeteiae 253 | sinica, Nev. Assemania.......... 269

rogersi, M. & P. Ennea ........ 85 | sinistrorsa, Cryn. (Pupa) .......- 184

rosaceus (Miill.) Trigonephrus .. 155 | sinuosa, M. & P. Curvella ...... 209

rosenbergi, Prest. Zingis ........ 100 | smithi, Crvn. Achatina.......... 201

POSET by WTS. ELCliX) 0. se ots coe cee 147 | socratica, M. & P. Ennea........ 86

rotula, M. & P.(Trach.) ........ 128 | solatus, Bs. (Bulimus) .......... 173

rotundata, MOUuss. van. o.cmice aes 150 | solidus, Smith, Lanistes ........ 257

rufofilosus, M. & P. var. ......+. 106 | sollers (M. & P.) Phortion ..... . 130

HRALTVUUE, RISEO! <eialouele sis © e:c\siets . 285 | somersetensis (M. & P.) Trach. .. 147

riippelli, Dkr. Planorbis ........ 237 | souverbianus (Montr.) Theodoxis 270

russofulgens (M. & P.) Helicarion 101 | spadicea (Mke.) Kna.......... een

rutilans, Mi. 6Po Trach. scecaces VAG MINS PATHA, Tiel d. seers ceteieore Kango ee

spathuliformis, Bet. Spatha...... 276

sabuletorum (Bs.) Trach. ...... 146 | spekei, Bgt. (Bulimus) .......... 171

salinarum, Morel. Planorbis .... 23S | SpH@Rium, Scopoli ............ 280

sambesiensis, Stur. Vivipara .... 260 | Sphalerostoma, Girard .......... 219

sarcodes (Pfr.) Tropidophora .... 256 | spilogramma (von Mts.) Ena .... 176

SOMSEA, Pils ba Vats Caen eeelerctelie rer 218 | spinacea, Parr. (Physa) 2... -«- 245

saulcyi, Bgt. (Corbicula) ........ 279 | spissicosta, M.& P. Trach. .... 147

saunderse, Conn. Curvella ...... 209 | spuwmosa, Lowe (Helix) .......... 160

savignyi, Semp. Onchidium...... 225 | squalida, Zglr. (Helix) .......... 156

saxicola, Ckll. Veronicella ...... 224 | stabilis, Pollon. (Arion) ........ 126

Reference List of South African Non-marine Mollusca.

PAGE

standeri, Conn. Euonyma ...... 217

stauroma, M. & P. (Ennea)...... 69

stenochorias, M. & P. var. ...... 240

Stenogyra, Shutt............. 211, &e.

STENOGYRINA, Fischer ...... 207

sticta (von Mts.) Ena .......... 175

stimpsont, etr. (Elelix)) <.\. 6.2000) Lod

stoaphora, Bs. (Pupa) ......... oe lss

straminea, Bnp. Curyella........ 209

STREPTAXIDA, Gray ....... a2) S164

STREPTAXIN#®, G.-Aust. «= 64

DS LREPPASITS a Gol Aye metalacrcteneletelsictcre : 64

STREPTONEURA, Spengel - 250

STREPTOSTELE, Dohrn ..... Eyepiece OO,

striata, Krs. Succinea .......... 222

striatus, Pse. Melampus ........ 229

strigile (M. & P.) Opeas ........ 212

strobilodes, M. & P. (Helix)...... 148

Simons, Irie So succcacocunube 263

sturmiana, Pfr. (Helix) .......... 95

STYLOMMATOPHORA,A. Schmidt 62

subcapense, Bet. Spherium..... - 280

subcornea, Prest. (Helicarion) .... 109

subcylindrica, Prest. Achatina 201

subfuscus, Drap. (Limax) ........ 126

sublineare, Bttg. Opeas ........ 213

SUBMYTILACEKA, de Blainville 271

subovata, da Costa (Achatina).... 195

subradiata, Bttg. var. .......... 168

subteres, Btto. Hina .........0.0% 175

subtruncatula, Bttg. Limnwa.... 234

Susunina, Beck. ..... Sietthersre cos 220

Succmnea, Drap. 3.3... <. Sdoco0ds 219

succinea, Bnp. Curvella ........ 209

SUCCINEID, Tryon.......... 219

sulcata, Lam. (Cyclostoma)..... - 253

sulculosus, von Mts. Melampus .. 229

sydneyensis, Cox (Helix) ........ 113

sykesi (M. & P.) Jaminia........ 184

sylvaticus, Morel. (Limax) ...... 119

sylvia, M.& BP. Wnnea 25.3.6 6.0% 86

symmetricus (Cryn.) Microkerkus 111

tabula, Sow. (Anodon) ........ ee 20

tabule, Chaper (Helicopsis)..... . 141

tabularis (M. & P.) Jaminia .... 184

TANIOGLOSSA, Troschel...... 250

tanganikana, Bgt. (Corbicula) .... 280

tarachodes, Conn. Natalina...... 96

tasmanicus, Tate (Limax) ...... 121

GRAN AWIO, “sdoogodhaosooOeUL - 278

teres, Pir. Truncatella .......... 266

teretiuscula, M. & P. Trach. 147

terveriana, Webb, Cochlicella 2 if 172

LESTACHIETAn | OUVs eretersvcie cts elelelc: es 64

TESTACELLIDA, Gray........ 64

tetrodus (Bttg.) Jaminia ........ 184

TAPS TRIVIA Gill Cneicie ieiereiaicioeerers 104

tharfieldensis, M. & P. Ennea... 86

thaumasta, M. & P. (Pupa) ...... 184

Theba, Leach in Risso 3.5....... 284

thelodonta, M. & P. Ennea......

THeEopoxis, de Montfort ........

thermarum, M. & P. Zingis......

thiarella, Lam. Melania

Trara, Bolten ...... < aiapeveteloraketetsts

tollini (Alb.) Trach. S2seereetee

TROMICHTA; (BS.* <3, cle onion ree ;

tomlent, Bnp. Var. vc. ceeeeee

tonganum, Q. & G. (Onchidium)..

RRAGHYCYSTIS, Pilsbi ceceseemeee

transiens, Stur. Ennea..........

translucens, King (Helix) ........

translucidum, Sow. (Cyclostoma)

transvaalensis (Crvn.) Helicarion

transvaalensis (M. & P.) Ena....

transvaalensis, Smith, Achatina..

transvaalensis, Cryn. Ancylus....

transyaalensis (M. & P.) Trop.

trapeziformis, Furt. var.

trapezotdeus, Bttg. var. -......

trichostiroma (M. & P.) Trach.

triglochis, M. & P. Ennea

TRIGONEPHRUS, Pilsb. ..<:...c me

trilamellaris, M. & P. Endodonta

trimeni (M. & P.) Natalina ......

tristis (Morel.) Paludestrina ....

tristis, Jay (Bulimus)

trivia, Bttg. var.

trochlea, Pfr. (Achatina) ........

TrocHomorpHa, Alberg..........

Trochonanina, Mouss. ..........

TROCHONANININ/A, Conn.....

TrocuozoniTes, Pfeffer..... sishaveta

tropica (Krs.) Isidora ..........

TroprmpopHorA, Troschel ........

trotterianus (Bs.) Peltatus

truncata, Fér. (Physa)

TRUNCATELLA, Risso ...... does

TRUNCATELLID, Gray......

Pruncatula, Weachi.. «cesses

truncatula (Miill.) Limnewa......

truncatus, Brug. (Bulimus) ......

tuberculata (Mill.) Melania......

tugelense (M. & P.) Opeas

tuguriolum, M. & P. (Trach.) ....

(PULBAGHINTA, Ms &Ps) Sa acnetcemiee

Turbo, Lin.

turmalis (Morel.) Trach........ :

turriculata, Morel. (Physa) ......

turriformis (Krs.) Huonyma......

tyttha, M. & P. (Assiminea)

ee ee eee eee

eee e ee

eee eae

ee)

uitenhagense (Krs.) Phortion ....

umbilicata, Drap. (Pupa)........

umlaasiana, Smith, Assemania ..

umlaasianus, Kiist. Limnxa

umlaasianus (Krs.) Melampus

unicolor (Oliv.) Vivipara ........

unicornis, Conn. Kuonyma......

UNIO, Retz. -“siecion sees

UNIONID, Fleming

sete ee eee

305

306

Urceus, Klein

WROGY CTD AY Sut hisciejers ctele crete

Urocycuus, Gray

ustulata, Lam. Achatina

ee ee wees

vaalensis, Chaper (Unio) ......-.

Vaginula, Fer.

valentianus, Fér. (Limax)

vallaris, M. & P. (Ennea)

Vatuonta, Risso

vandenbroecki (Crvn.) Helicarion

vandenbroecki, M. & P. Ennea ..

vanstaadensis, M. & P. Ennea

varia, Conn. Kuonyma

varicosa, Pfr. Achatina..........

variegatus, Drap. (Limax)

velutina (Pfr.) Hna

vendeanus, Let. (Geomalacus)....

ventricosa (Rve.) Tomichia

ventricosus, Drap. (Bulimus) ....

ventrosa, Fer. (Helix)

Venus, Lin.

vernicosa (Krs.) Natalina

VERONICELLA, de Blainv. ........

VERONICELLID, Gray

verrauzi, Charp. (Unio)

verreauxi, Bet. Ancylus

verreauxi (Bgt.) Isidora

verreauxianus, Lea (Unio)

verrucosus, Brev. (Arion) ........

VERTIGINIDA, B. B. Woodw...

Vertigo, Miill.

vestita, Pfr. Achatina

victorie, Prest. Kaliella

victories, Dohrn. Melania........

eee eee eee eee eens

SOO OC OmOOO

eee eee

eee eee rene

a ey

ee eens

eeoeee eee eeeceeoee

eeeeereees

victoriensis, Walker, Ancylus.... .

virgo, M. & P. (Hmnea) ........

viridescens (M. & P.) Natalina ..

vitalis (M. & P.) Kerkophorus ..

vitellinus, Pfr. (Buliminus)......

Vitrea, Fitzinger

vitrea, Mouss. Subulina ........

vitrea, Brown (Helix)

vitrea, Parr. (Physa) ..

vitreola, M. & P. Ennea ..

sere eeee

se ewe

PAGE

190

123

201

Annals of the South African Musewm.

Vitrina, Drap., see Peltatus, &c.

Vivieara, de Montfort

VIVIPARID, Gray

vorticialis (Bs.) Trach.

vulgaris, da Costa (Cochlea) ....

wahlbergi (Krs.) Ennea

wahlbergi (Bs.) Cyclophorus ....

wahlbergi (Krs.) Spatha

wahlbergi, Krs. (Physa)

warreni, M. & P. Ennea

werneana, Trosch. (Physa) ......

wesseliana, Maltzan, var. ..+.+eee

woodiana, Lea (Helix)

wottoni, M. & P. Ennea

eerste eso ee

Xerocerastus, Kob. & MIldff.

xysila, M. & P. Hnnea....... bon

zambesianus, Furt. (Lanistes) ....

zambesiensis, Walker, Ancylus ..

zambesiensis, Prest. Unio

zanguebarensis, Petit (Melania) ..

zanguebarica, Morel. (Hnnea) ....

zanguebarica (Petit) Tropidophora

zanguebaricum, Pfr. (Cyclostoma)

zanzibarica (Cless.) Isidora......

zebra (Chemn.) Achatina........

zebra, Lam. Theodoxis...... 56

ZEUNING Mer.) (EVEIIX) ijere «ele tol ol cllore

zebrina, da Costa (Achatina) ....

zebrula, von Mts. Achatina..... 4

zelota, M. dP. Hinnea) 2.2 s\.« <ciels

zeyhert, Mke. (Unio)............

ENGIS; VOW MGS.) (resis lel<teiel clsusievele

zonamydrus(M. & P.) Kerkophorus

Zontres, de Montf., see Polita, &e.

ZONITIDA, Morch.

ZONITINA, Pilsb.

ZONITOIDES, Lehm.

Zoorecus, Westerl.

zuluensis (M. & P.) Ena

zuluensis, M. & P. (Physa)

zwellendamensis (Kitist.) Paludest.

eeeeee

( 307 )

4.—The South African Hirudinea—Part I.—By E. J.

GopparD, B.A., D.Sc., and D. E. Manan, B.A.

THE present paper deals with some members of the Hirudinea

collected in the Orange River Colony and Cape Colony.

Comparatively little is known of the South African representatives

of the group, and the few which have been described are imperfectly

known. The name of one of the described forms appears to be

erroneously applied to any Hirudo found in the South African

Union.

The first mention of the South African forms in scientific litera-

ture appears to be in the accounts of the results of the Novara

Expedition which visited these parts in 1868. In this Grube has

described two species of Hirudo—H. septemstriata and H. capensis.

In 1871 Grube described a form from Port Natal under the name

Aulacostomum Kraussii.

Blanchard in 1898 described forms from German East Africa

under the following names :—

Glossiphonia Stuhlmanni (sp. nov.).

Helobdella tricarinata (gen. et sp. nov.).

Mirudo Hildebrandti (sp. nov.).

Salifa perspicox (gen. et sp. noy.).

Beyond these accounts we know of no others referring to Hiru-

dinea in the region including the above-mentioned areas and the.

intervening country. Up to the present time, as the result of a

short period of collecting we have succeeded in finding representa-

tives of Ichthyobdellidz, Glossiphoniide, and Gnathobdellide ; and

as Blanchard has described one representative of the Herpobdellide,

viz., Salifa, we now know that the Hirudinea are represented in the

southern half of the continent by members of all the divisions of

the group. This was to be expected, as all continental areas have

supplied representatives of each of the divisions.

However, we have not yet found any terrestrial forms, or rather,

land leeches, but this is readily explicable, since the country so far

308 Annals of the South African Museum.

investigated is by no means suited to the existence of such. It is,

nevertheless, highly probable that such forms will eventually be

found in the moister and well-wooded parts of the Union, or more

especially in the more tropical country north of the same. Such

forms, if obtained, should in all probability possess a special interest

as indicated by one of us (HK. J. G.) in the Proc. Linn. Soc. of

NESW. LOL:

_ In this paper we restrict attention to representatives of the

Glossiphoniide and Gnathobdellide.

The types of the species described are preserved in the South

African Museum.

I. GLOSSIPHONIIDA.

We know of no previous record of any representatives of this

group south of German Hast Africa.

The occurrence of Placobdella sp. calls for no special remarks,

since at the most it cannot have any more than mere specific

importance, and as we have only a single and poorly preserved

specimen for examination we can do little more than record the

genus for these parts, and note any characters which we deem

reliable in a preserved specimen. ‘The absence of the genus from

South Africa would give more ground for surprise than does its

occurrence. It is perhaps not out of place to remark here that,

although like so many other fresh water groups of animals, the

fresh water Hirudinea enjoy a wide distribution (most parts of the

earth possessing characteristic species), yet, at least in the main

fresh water group, Glossiphoniide, this distribution cannot be

rashly attributed to the same ready means of dispersal as serve

to explain the distribution of other fresh water groups. This is

supported not only by the occurrence of definite characteristic

species in most large areas, but also by the facts that the eggs

are carried in most Glossiphoniide attached to the ventral surface,

and experiments indicate that they cannot withstand the effects of

sea water or desiccation. This may be taken to indicate that their

dispersal has been carried out over short distances and that their

present universal distribution must signify vast changes in geography

in the past. In other words their distribution seems to prove that

the family is an ancient one. This is strengthened by the simple

nature of the somite, the comparatively well-preserved ccelorne, &c.

For the second representative of the group described in this paper

we institute a new generic name, Marsupiobdella,

The South African Hirudinea. 309

Whereas in other Glossiphoniide the young attached to the

ventral surface are protected in a temporary “ marsupium” formed

by the inflection of the lateral margins of the body, we find in this

new genus that the greater portion of the much thickened trunk

region is occupied by a large internal brood pouch, which displaces

the tissues of the body and has reduced the same to a remarkable

extent. This pouch opens to the exterior through a longitudinally

elongate aperture situated behind the centre of the ventral surface.

We may remark here preliminarily that this is the most extreme

and peculiar morphological development in the Glossiphoniide.

In this case dispersal over long distances is practically impos-

sible, since the accidental dropping of eggs from the ventral surface,

which might possibly happen in other forms, cannot take place in

Marsupiobdella.

MARSUPIOBDELLA gen. nov.

Glossiphoniidze of small size; sensory annulus occupying the

middle region of the triannulate somite.

Male genital pore opening to exterior between somites xi, xii, and

between post-oral annuli 21, 22.

Female genital pore originally situated between annuli 2, 3 of

somite xii, but functionless in adult.

Trunk portion of body greatly thickened, and containing a large

brood pouch which opens to the exterior on the ventral surface

through an elongate aperture.

Somites v—xxvi triannulate ; xxvii biannulate. Hyes two.

MARSUPIOBDELLA AFRICANA gen. et sp. nov.

This interesting form was obtained in some abundance from the

surface of a fresh water crab by Dr. Purcell at Backen’s River, C.C.

The specimens, which were preserved in spirit for some years,

show no pattern and have a homogeneous greenish-grey colour,

except that the head region and the posterior sucker have an opaque

white appearance. The head region shows an annulation which

is so faint and indistinct that it has been neglected in making a

count of the annuli on the dorsal surface. On the ventral surface

the two annuli immediately behind the anterior sucker have the

same white colouration, and are regarded as indicating the posterior

limits of the head region. The furrow separating these two annuli

is indicated on the dorsal surface of the head, and although distinct

it is so faint in comparison with the succeeding grooves separating

310 Annals of the South African Musewm.

the post-cephalic annuli that it is deemed better in referring to

structures on the dorsal surface to do so in terms of post-cephalic

annuli. The head region is marked off from the succeeding annulus

by a deep constriction.

Behind the head the body may be divided into a narrow “ neck”’

region, which increases in width gradually and extends as far as the

21st post-oral annulus, and into a much thickened trunk region

which in many individuals bulges anteriorly on the ventral aspect.

Viewed dorsally the body in general is fusiform. The appearance

of this trunk region appears to depend on the condition of the young

forms and developmental stages contained in the brood pouch.

The dimensions of several individuals are given in a table below :—

A B C

Greatest length ...5...ses sec sssescceee 390mm. 371mm. 3:52mm

Greatest breadth ................0666 1:57 1:50 1:28

Diameter of oral sucker ............ 45x45 -42x-44 -32x41

Diameter of posterior sucker ...... ‘58 ‘08 ‘Ol

Breadth of neck behind posterior

SUCKOT a mesc snciecnsetntese yeresteree ‘O4 52 ‘Ol

Behind the male genital aperture there is a gradual increase of

the body in depth, so that this is taken to le on the posterior region

of the neck. This is well seen in a longitudinal section, in which

also a noticeable feature is the discontinuity of the longitudinal

muscle fibres in the dorsal median line through three or four

annuli which correspond in position to the transitional annuli of

the posterior portion of the neck and the anterior portion of the

trunk on the ventral aspect.

The total number of post-cephalic annuli on the dorsal side is

66, and on the ventral aspect are 64 annuli. Since the two anterior

annuli of the ventral surface belong to the head region we have four

less annuli on the ventral than on the dorsal. Behind the thirty-

third (33rd) annulus of the ventral side the annuli, with the excep-

tion of the nineteen in front of the posterior sucker are difficult to

make out; much more so in sections than in entire specimens.

This indistinctness is due to the tension of the skin as the result

of the capaciously developed brood pouch. In the centre of this

area is a very peculiar longitudinally elongate slit with prominent

lips. The annuli related to it are modified, including annuli 33-44.

Annuli 36-43 converge towards each side of the pore, in such fashion

that the middle elements of this group only run throughout in a

strictly transverse direction, those anterior to these as they pass

The South African Hirudinea. 311

towards the aperture curving backwards, and those posterior

curving forwards. Further, the furrow separating annuli 35, 36

is not continuous, so that the thirty-fifth (35th) annulus sweeps

back mesially to form the anterior border of the pore. Similarly

the furrow separating annuli 43, 44 is incomplete, and annulus 44

is continued forwards mesially to form the posterior margin of the

aperture. That separating the thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth, although

continuous, is somewhat drawn backwards in the middle line.

Sensory papille are present on all the annuli, but are very difficult

to make out in the middle portion of the body. In the posterior

part of the dorsal surface it is seen that they are more prominent on

every third annulus, so that the triannulate nature of the somite

is definitely made out. That the sensory annulus of the triannulate

somite is the middle ring, as in most Glossiphoniidee with a similarly

constituted somite is concluded on the following grounds: (1) The

thirtieth and every succeeding third annulus as far back as the sixty-

third are sensory (we refer to post-cephalic annuli). (2) The genital

apertures, although not visible on an external examination, were

readily made out in longitudinal sections. The male pore was

found to lie between the twenty-first and twenty-second post-oral

annuli. Between the twenty-third and twenty-fourth annuli is

situated the remains of the female genital pore, as indicated by

the definitely prolonged furrow in the median line extending

towards, but not meeting, the female duct, which no longer opens

to the exterior directly but into the brood pouch. The genital

apertures in their original condition are separated then by two

annuli. In all Glossiphoniide, without exception, whenever the

pores are separated by two annuli the male lies between somites xi

and xii, and the female between annuli 2 and 3 of somite xii. Since

this is supported so strongly phylogenetically we can safely conclude

that the same holds in this case.

This indicates then that the twenty-first post-oral annulus is the

last annulus of somite xi; in other words the twentieth post-oral

annulus, which is really the eighteenth post-cephalic annulus, is

sensory. This fits in with the fact that the thirtieth post-cephalic,

and each succeeding third annulus, is sensory and the middle annulus

of its somite. We can then denote the somitic constitution of the

genus as follows :—

Somites i-v = Head + first post-cephalic annulus.

Somites vi-xxvi = post-cephalic annuli 2-64.

Somite xxvii = post-cephalic annuli 65-66,

312 Annals of the South African Museum.

Somites v-xxvi are then triannulate, somite xxvii biannulate, but

nothing can be said in regard to somites i-iv, except that the

annulation is very indistinct or absent. It is interesting to note

that somite v, which is triannulate ventrally, shows a much more

indistinct furrow between annuli 1, 2 than between 2, 3; further it

is biannulate dorsally and the anterior annulus is decidedly broader

than the posterior. These facts bear out the idea that the order of

origin of the annuli is, as in the majority of Glossiphoniide.

1, 2, 3 (annuli)

c a b (order of origin).

In a number of the individuals examined the brood pouch aperture

was a very prominent structure. At first it was supposed that it was

an abnormally developed genital aperture, and it so happened that

one specimen had a minute structure protruding through the

aperture. The fact that no genital aperture other than this could be

made out on an external examination supported this idea, and sug-

gested that the protruding structure was a penis. The posterior

position of such a genital aperture, and the presence of penis in an

undoubted Glossiphonid, were so unique that it was found necessary

at this stage to section an individual. It was then found that in

several individuals which were sectioned, the pore led into a large

pouch which extended through six somites, and in this were found,

in different individuals, young in all stages of development. One

such individual contained segmentation stages only, and although

the position of the pore or slit is very definitely indicated, no

communication to the exterior was found. Several other specimens

examined externally showed no definite aperture, although the posi-

tion of such if it did exist was clearly indicated. It seems then that

the absence of such in some specimens is due not to its being

obscured by contraction, but by the fact that the aperture exists only

when the contained young are well advanced. The supposed

‘penis’? mentioned above was found to be a young individual

protruding through the aperture. It has been stated already that

the female ducts no longer open directly to the exterior, but into the

brood pouch ; so that the ova would pass directly into this chamber.

Hypodermic impregnation which we know takes place in some

Glossiphoniidw, and probably in all, as previously suggested by one

of us (HK. J. G.), would seem to be necessary here owing to the

absence of a female pore opening to the exterior. This is strongly

supported by the remarkable tenuity of the body wall in the brood

The South African Hirudinea. 313

pouch region, and the fact that sections reveal loose packets of

spermatozoa in this region. Otherwise it must be suggested that

spermatozoa are obtained from the individual itself, which is certainly

not the case, as the male ducts have direct communication with the

exterior, well-developed muscular terminal portions, and further in

the specimens sectioned were found to have an abundance of

mature spermatozoa in the terminal portions, thus indicating that

spermatozoa pass to the exterior.

Although anatomical details of this form will be published at a

later date, it may not be out of place to remark here on the character

of the brood pouch. Since Glossiphonia carries its eggs and young

attached to the ventral surface, and protected in an external pouch

or ‘‘marsupium,” formed by the curvature or inflection of the

thin lateral margins of the body, it might reasonably be suggested

that the brood pouch in this new form was the result of the con-

crescence of such inflected margins. Sections indisputably show

that such is not the case. It is found, for instance, that the nerve

cord retains its ventral position as far as the brood pouch, and then

is directed upwards to the dorsal side to pass over the hump of the

brood sac, afterwards descending on the posterior side of this sac to

the ventral surface. The dorsal body wall in the region of the sac is

most markedly attenuated. Again this region of the body which,

were the marsupium or brood pouch so derived, would possess

typical dorsal and ventral musculature, possesses only the dorsal set.

Similarly the ventral floor of the brood sac, instead of being pro-

vided with both dorsal and ventral musculatures possesses only a

ventral set. This seems to indicate that the pouch has been formed

as an excavation in the substance of the ventral portion of the body,

or as a modification of part of the ventral sinus. Supporting the

latter of these suggestions is the fact that the ovary is a very short

structure more or less spherical in form, and not of the elongate

sac-like character as found in other Glossiphoniide.

i, GNARETOBDE EL LTDA,

Numerous members of the Hirudinidz have been obtained which

show that there occur a large number of varieties or species bridging

the differences between H. semptemstriata and H. capensis. Un-

fortunately no specimens of the latter species have been accessible.

Although all the species including the above-mentioned forms have

314 Annals of the South African Museum.

been placed in the genus Hirudo, we regard this as a tentative step,

since the differences between such structures as the jaws and those

of Hirudo (in its restricted sense) are very great. However, we

deem it better to leave them in this genus until anatomical details

have been made out.

One interesting feature about most of the specimens dealt with is

that the annuli are arranged in groups between which the furrows

are much more pronounced. This grouping of the annuli corre-

sponds not only with the metameres, but also with order of origin of

the annul.

Gen. HIRUDO, Lin.

Syst. nat. 10th Ed., 1758.

HIrubDO SEPTEMSTRIATA Grube.

Two specimens of this species were obtained from Rosmead and

three from Richmond, C.C.

All the specimens are small, and no doubt represent young

individuals, but are interesting as corroborating Grube’s account of

the occurrence of the species in South Africa. This seems to us

very important since the species occupies an important position in

the series comprising the various species noted in this paper

together with H. capensis Grube and H. Hildebrandti Blanchard.

There seems no necessity to alter the main portion of Grube’s

definition of the species, namely, that referring to the coloration

beyond instituting in place of “‘ ventre concolore,”’ ‘‘ ventre concolore

autem paulo pallidiore.”’

The most marked distinction between this and any of the other

species is the absence of the marginal yellow band of the dorsal

surface. Grube states, ‘‘Am Cap von einem Apotheker erhalten,

vielleicht aus Ostindien stammend.’’ With this we disagree, since

the relationship of this form to the other species indicates that it

is an endemic form, or at least we maintain that it has been

established in South Africa too long to justify such a conclusion,

Grube figures an obscure band on either side of the median line

in the middle and posterior region of the body, but we have been

unable to note the existence of such in any of our specimens.

Except in the case of the median band there is great difficulty

in making out the pigment areas in our preserved specimens, and

this may account for the apparent absence of such. At the same

time we cannot make out the white bands figured by Grube on

the dorsal surface of the posterior sucker. Perhaps we have in this

good reasons for instituting a new species.

The South African Hirudinea. 315

Hirvupo Morris sp. nov.

Locality.—Wit River, Bain’s Kloof, Wellington.

Diagnosis.—Body flattened and elongate in living condition.

Dorsal surface greenish brown with seven dark bands continuous

along the length of the body, the outermost on each side broader

than the others.

Papille not very distinct in living condition, two in each of outer-

most dark bands, one in dark band within this, and a fourth to the

outer side of the median dark band.

Ventral surface slate colour, the ventral surfaces of anterior and

posterior suckers much lighter.

Outermost limits of dorsal surface, where it meets ventral surface

ornamented with a prominent yellow band.

Two specimens of this species were obtained and kept alive for

some time. The specimens eventually died in an expanded condi-

tion, but appear to have a much greater body depth than when

alive.

Gresbestlemetlay ss ceewesnstec see seis otis ce nn ses 46 mm.

‘ DRC ACM eee attire Ses wasn cie'ees Al ing

A Ge fou ae sees stale ate.Je ahi eseice's'e> « 3=3 0

Posterior sucker (longitud.) ............... oO) 45

- wp (GRAMS Vs)! Soc sc.sscaseer inn Ale

The species is quite distinct from H. septemstriata; indeed the

only point of resemblance concerns the number of dorsal dark

bands.

Hirupo NOTABILIS, sp. Nov.

Locality.—Ceres, Cape Colony.

Diagnosis.—Body distinctly flattened and very broad. (Killed

condition.) Dorsal surface yellowish brown with seven very pro-

minent dark bands extending along the whole length of the body.

On either side of the median band in the middle and posterior region

of the body is a discontinuous faint dark band which merges at

intervals into inner side of the main band on its outer side.

Papillee distinct in the preserved specimens, one in each outermost

lateral band and one in each band on the inner side of this.

Ventral surface: slate colour, the ventral surfaces of the anterior

and posterior suckers much lighter.

Dorsal surface with a broad prominent yellow marginal band.

A large number of specimens of this species was kindly forwarded

316 Annals of the South African Museum.

to us by J. H. Hoffmeyr, Esq., Inspector of Schools. Below are

given the average measurements of a number of these :—

Greatest lengthy fics. .csaceascssies coe sana ste 30 mm.

ey prea tla cis. oe scsepisecosctene soclionss amr

a Ge pra ee ios at oie necc sen ciesccanoes en Dis cee

Posterior sucker (longitud.) ............... ine.

us Pe (GERMS Vil) ic se cateeis swaiseiicioe B00",

This species bears a close resemblance to H. septemstriata, and a

comparison with Grube’s figure might well on first examination

justify its inclusion in that species. The resemblances concern

measurements and pigment pattern of dorsal surface.

We quote Grube’s diagnosis in part to explain the differences:

‘“‘ Tix olivaceo grisea, depressa, levis, dorso vittis longitudinalibus

fuscioribus 7 ornata, media ceteris, eque distantibus, latiore, a

proximis paulo longius remota, externis marginem tangentibus,

ventre concolore. ... Discus posterior radiis albidis 5 ad 7

striatus. . . .”

Although in both forms there are seven (7) dorsal bands, and a

faint linear pigmentation in the middle and posterior regions of the

body between the median band and that on either side, yet not only

are the lateral bands as important as the median in the species under

consideration, but the intermediate bands are much larger than in

H, septemstriata. Further, in our species there is no ornamentation

on the dorsal surface of the posterior sucker; the ventral surface is

a strong contrast in colour to that of the dorsal surface, whereas both

are similar in H. septemstriata; and there is a strongly marked

yellow margin to the dorsal surface as in other species noted in this

paper, but of which no mention is made, and apparently correctly so,

by Grube.

Both species agree in that the outermost dark band of the dorsal

surface bears only a single sensory papilla.

Hirvupo INTERMEDIA, sp. noy.

Locality.—Smithfield, Orange River Colony.

We are indebted to the authorities of the South African Museum

for a large number of specimens of this species.

Diagnosis.—Body elongate, flattened ?

Dorsal surface yellowish-brown with series of dark pigment bands

extending along the whole length of the body and consisting of a

double band in the middle line, with three bands on either side of

The South African Hirudinea. 317

this, of which the innermost two of each side may be double in

nature and may be more important than the outermost.

A yellow marginal band at margin of dorsal surface.

The ventral surface has the same coloration as dorsal, and is

provided with a marginal dark band where it meets the yellow band

of the dorsal region.

All the specimens are poorly preserved internally, and judging

from the extended condition they had evidently died some little time

before being placed in preservative. This would account for the

more or less cylindrical nature of the body, which, in the light of

experience, was probably flattened as in the other species.

The dimensions of a number of specimens are given below :—

Pets 40d 6 igs

Greatest length ............060++. 34 23 28 35 32 33 30 24 mm.

if bread tlie =-ere-eesn tee: ano oD O70 Foro) 4m on are

Length of posterior sucker ... 3 3 3 35 4 35 35 2 ,,

Breadth of posterior sucker... 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 ,,

om between genital pores 4 5 4 35 45 4 4 Ale a

The species in regard to colour pattern might well be placed in

Blanchard’s species—H. Hildebrandti, but differences of a much

more important nature prevent such. Unfortunately we are not in

a position to make any note on the papillz, as even if such were

present, as they probably were, they cannot be seen in our

specimens.

There is no trace of the groove on the under side of the anterior

sucker as is figured by Blanchard in H. Hildebrandti.

Remarks.—It will be readily noted that the various species

described, form together a more or less continuous series, which

might be regarded as quite sufficient for justifying the inclusion of

them all under one specific name, the differences being of no more

importance than “local variations.” With this to a great extent we

are in agreement, but, realising that later anatomical work may

result in the removal of all the forms mentioned in this paper into

a genus distinct from Hirudo, such a step is extremely inadvisable.

At the present day the various species of Hirudo, even in its

amended and limited condition, are distinguishable almost solely on

their colour pattern and the arrangement of papilla. How far these

distinctions agree with true specific differences awaits a settlement

on anatomical and experimental lines. At the same time a discus-

sion in such cases as to whether a species or variety is to be founded

serves very little scientific purpose where invertebrates are concerned.

318 Annals of the South African Musewm.

We have been particularly struck in examining these specimens

with the special opportunities they offer for experiments on Men-

delian lines, and no doubt much satisfactory information would be

gained in that way.

All the species noted in this account are characterised by very

small jaws provided with minute teeth which number about fifty.

In this respect they stand in marked contrast to Hirudo, in which

‘the jaws are very large and the teeth sharp. Furthermore, as in

Limnobdella, there is no muscular dilatation between the epididymis

and the base of the penis such as is found in Harudo medicinalis.

It seems to us that it is advisable that all species should be

described in such a way as to give information regarding the jaws,

genital apertures, number of testes, and male reproductive ducts.

Experience indicates that these should form the basis for a correct

classification of the Hirudinine.

We hope to deal in greater anatomical details of the forms

described in a later paper.

All the species noted possess seven dorsal black bands, which

differ only in regard to the prominence of any particular one in a

species.

All are characterised by a yellow marginal band except H. sep-

temstriata, and the individuals examined in the case of the latter

species did not show the faint additional bands in the posterior

region of the body as figured by Grube. Yet as the bands other

than the median were very difficult to make out the absence of such

bands as mentioned may be only apparent.

HT, Morris and H. notabilis agree in that the ventral and dorsal

surfaces are quite different, and the latter species has the rudimentary

pigment bands represented by Grube in his drawing of H. septem-

striata. However, as the surfaces (dorsal and ventral) are similar

according to Grube, and no mention is made of the very prominent

marginal yellow band in H. septemstriata, there can be no confusion

in this case. The resemblance lends special interest to these two

forms, and if it has any significance at all bridges to some extent

the gap between H. septemstriata and the other species, all of which

bear the marginal yellow band.

H. intermedia closely approximates to H. Hildebrandti in that

both surfaces are alike, both possess a yellow marginal band, and

there is in each a dark marginal band on the ventral surface. ‘The

latter in every probability represents the dark ventral surface

coloration of H. Morrissii and H. notabilis. H. capensis also

possesses a dark ventral marginal band. It is thus seen that all

The South African Hirudinea. 319

the species with the exception of H. septemstriata form a very com-

plete series, and at the same time the latter species agrees with all

except H. capensis in the possession of seven dorsal pigment bands,

and in another detail, if Grube’s account is accurate, approximates

as a variation to H. notabilis.

Hit ee “hh nea we run i Ai (Vy

- : _ : ww

ie (kd Pee ae Be

PY | ifr v9

| Wik oe ar <n crtiell i a i) fe 9

iis | hil Vis 1 ee ta ce =

iia AGT Ne

us i)

at p

Ue ores ea

(321 )

5.—The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa.—By J. D. F. Giucurist,

M.A., D.Sc., Po.D.; and W. Warpuaw THompson, F.Z.8.

THE following account of the Freshwater Fishes of South Africa is

based on collections in the South African, Bulawayo and Transvaal

Museums.* Much of the material was procured by the aid of grants

from the British Association and the South African Association for

the Advancement of Science. The species have been fully described

from as many specimens as possible; it is hoped that this may

contribute towards their clearer determination and delimitation.

Some species are not represented in the collections of the South

African Museum, or kindred institutions, and for the sake of com-

pleteness the description has been taken over from Boulenger’s

“Catalogue of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa.’’ The bulk of the

illustrations are from the blocks used in Dr. Boulenger’s book,

which have been kindly placed at the disposal of this Institution

by the Trustees of the British Museum.—tL. P.

OrpeER DIPNEUSTI.

Faminy LEPIDOSIRENIDA.

PROTOPTERUS.

Owen, Proc. Linn. Soc., 1839, p. 27; Peters, Reise Mossamb., iv.,

p. 2 (1868) ; Bouleng., Cat. Freshw. Fish. Afr., i., p. 19 (1909).

Protomelus, Hogg, Ann. and Mag. N.H., vii., 1841, p. 359.

Ethynocryptis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1844, p. 414.

‘Body cylindrical, more or less elongate, with pointed tail at

the end of which the elongate dorsal and anal fins meet; limbs

slender, styliform ; external gills often distinct, especially in the

young.”’

* The asterisk before a name indicates that the species is not represented in the

Collections of the South African Museum.

322 Annals of the South African Museum.

PROTOPTERUS ANNECTENS, Owen.

(The Lung-fish.)

Lepidosiren annectens, Owen, Proc. Linn. Soc., 1839, p. 27.

Protopterus anguilliformis, Owen, Pr. Linn. Soc., t.c., p. 332;

Peters, Reise n. Mossamb., iv., Flussfiche, Berlin, 1868, p. 6.

Ehinocryptos amphibia, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1844, p. 414.

Protopterus annectens, Bouleng., Cat. Freshw. Fish. Afr.,i., p. 20

(1909).

Depth of body 84 times in total length. Length of head 4 times

in distance from point of snout to vent; snout broadly rounded,

about + length of head; eye small, its diameter nearly 12 times in

length of head, 32 times in interocular width. External gills

distinct.

Fie. 1.—Protopterus annectens. .

Dorsal originating nearer to occiput than to vent. Fore limb

longer than hind limb and provided with a well-developed fringe ;

hind limb with a more or less distinct or rudimentary fringe. 48 to

50 scales from gill-opening to above vent, 36 round middle of body.

Colour (of preserved specimen) bluish brown above, yellow

reticulated with bluish-brown markings on belly ; sides indistinctly

mottled.

One specimen, 358 mm. in length, found in dried ground at Villa

Machado, Portuguese East Africa; collected by Rogers and Chubb.

Bulawayo Museum. One example from West Africa.

This fish is also reported from Chiromo, Shire River ; West Africa,

from the Senegal to the Niger; Chad Basin; Hast Africa, as far

south as the Zambezi. It grows to a length of at least 650 mm.

Mr. Peters (Reise n. Mossamb, t.c., p. 6) states: “I found this

animal fairly common in the small stagnant pools in the district of

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 323

Quellimane, Licuare, and Zambeze. .. . It buries itself during the dry

season in the mud and surrounds itself with a protective coat of

slime until the return of the rainy season. The formation of this

coat and the giving out of a screaming (kreischend) sound have been

observed by McDonnell (Zeits. f. Wiss. Zool. Leipzig, 1860, x.,

p. 409) and A. Duméril (Compt. Rend. Ac. Paris, 1866, lxii., p. 97),

but not by me.”

OrveR TELEOSTEIL.

Famity MORMYRIDA.

Synopsis of Genera.

A. Anal fin 2 to twice the length of the dorsal.

(a) Teeth on the entire edge of both jaws ; 10-36 in each jaw.

Mouth terminal or sub-inferior; nostrils distant from each

other and remote from the eye; body more or less elongate 1. Mormyrops.

Mouth inferior, below the eyes; nostrils close together, close to

the eye; body short .. .. .. .. .. .. .. «» «. 2% Petrocephatus.

(b) Teeth only in the middle of the jaws; 3-10 in each jaw.

Mouth inferior or sub-inferior, below level of eye; teeth

moderate or small; posterior nostril remote from mouth 3. Marcusenius.

Mouth terminal ; dorsal and anal equal or sub-equal in length 4. Gnathonemus.

B. Anal fin less than 4 the length of the dorsal.

Momtbytormimal sts Mira essa) a ais, sd 2a nik dete gone SDE Mormyrus.

1. MORMYROPS.

Mormyrus, part., Linn. Syst. Nat., i., p. 522 (1766).

Mormyrops, part., J. Mill., Arch. f. Nat., 1848, p. 324.

Mormyrops, Bouleng., Cat. Freshw. Fish. Afr., i., p. 30 (1909).

‘Teeth in jaws conical, truncate, or notched; minute conical

teeth on parasphenoid and tongue ; on the entire edge of both jaws.

Mouth terminal or sub-inferior; nostrils moderately far apart,

remote from the eye. Body more or less elongate.”

* Mormyrops DEvIciosus, Leach.

Oxyrhynchus deliciosus, Leach, in Tuckey, Exped. R. Zaire, p. 410

(1818):

Mormyrus tuckeyz, Cuy. and Val., Hist. Poiss., xix., p. 263 (1846).

324 Annals of the South African Museum.

Mormyrops tuckeyt, Marcusen, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb., xii., 1854,

p. 14.

Mormyrops deliciosus, Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., i., p. 32

(1909).

‘Teeth conical or truncate in the adult, more or less distinctly

notched in the young, 24 to 36 in each jaw. Depth of body 5 to 64

times in total length, length of head 34 to 44 times. Head nearly

twice as long as deep, upper profile slightly concave; snout rounded;

jaws equal; width of mouth nearly equal to length of snout; eye

small, in anterior third of head, its diameter 2 (young) to 4 times in

length of snout or in interocular width.

Dorsal 21-27, 4 to = length of anal, originating 2 to 24 times as

far from end of snout as from base of caudal. Anal 40-51, origi-

nating considerably in advance of dorsal (its 12th to 16th ray corre-

sponding to the first dorsal ray) and a little nearer to head than to

root of caudal. Pectoral rounded, 2 to 4 length of head, ventral

1 to+. Caudal rather small, densely scaled, with rounded lobes ;

caudal peduncle 2 to 24 times as long as deep, } to $ length of head.

85-100 scales in lateral line, i in transverse series on body, 22-26

in transverse series between dorsal and anal, 14-18 round caudal

peduncle.

Colour, brownish or olive above, silvery beneath.

Total length 1500 mm.

Habitat: Zambezi, Lake Nyassa, Senegal, Gambia, Niger, Chad

Basin, Congo, Wedi Shebeli and Juba.”

2. PETROCEPHALUS.

Petrocephalus, part., Marcusen, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb., xii., 1854,

p. 14.

Mormyrus, part., Giinth., Cat. Fish., vi., p. 214 (1866).

Petrocephalus, Bouleng., Cat. Freshw. Fish. Afr., i., p. 47 (1909).

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 325

Teeth bicuspid, in single series on entire edge of both jaws;

mouth inferior, below eyes; nostrils close together, close to the eye ;

body short.

Key to Species.

12 rows of scales round caudal peduncle.

Teeth }2; D. 20-22, A. 27-29 ; Lat. 1. 37-40 sen evey ete) lem icatostomas

16 rows of scales round caudal peduncle.

Meeth 24; D. iii 17, A i123) Wat 136. —.. <2 .. «. 2. P. stuhtmanni.

PETROCEPHALUS CATOSTOMA, Giinth.

Mormyrus catostoma, Giinth., Cat. Fish., vi., p. 222 (1866).

Petrocephalus catostoma, Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1898, p. 790,

and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, i., p. 57 (1909).

Teeth, 12 in upper 18 in lower jaw. Depth of body 3 to a little

more than 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head

34 to 3,7, times. Head a little longer than deep, with convex

upper profile ; snout short, + length of head, rounded, projecting

Fie. 3.—Petrocephalus catostoma.

beyond mouth; mouth situated below eye, its width 4 length of

head ; diameter of eye 3 to 5 times in length of head, as long as or

slightly longer than snout, and 3 to nearly equal to interorbital

width.

Dorsal 20-22, originating slightly behind beginning of anal, its

length about 4 its distance from head. Anal 27-29, slightly nearer

to base of ventral than to base of caudal. Pectorals pointed, 2 to

nearly ? length of head, twice as long as ventral and extending

beyond base of latter. Caudal with pointed lobes ; caudal peduncle

24 to 3 times as long as deep, a little shorter than head. 37-40

scales in lateral line, 18 rows of scales in transverse series on body,

19 rows in transverse series between dorsal and anal fins, 12 rows

round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), silvery, darker on back.

Five specimens, ranging from 50 mm. to 59 mm. in length, from

Kafue River, Upper Zambezi (J. Drury).

326 Annals of the South African Museum.

PETROCEPHALUS STUHLMANNI, Bler.

Mormyrus catostoma (non Ginth.), Pfeffer, Thierw. O.-Afr. Fische,

p. 39 (1896).

Petrocephalus catostoma, Pappenh., Mitth. Zool. Mus. Berl., iii.,

1907, p. 344.

Petrocephalus stuhlmannii, Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., i., p. 56

(1909).

Teeth, 14 in upper jaw, 20 in lower. Depth of body equals length

of head, and is 3% times in total length excluding caudal; head

slightly longer than deep, with convex upper profile; snout very

short, about } length of head, rounded, strongly projecting beyond

Fic. 4.—-Petrocephalus stuhlmannt.

mouth ; mouth situated below the eye, its width a little less than

1 length of head; eye rather large, 4 times in length of head, about

equals snout, # interorbital width. Snout and top of head covered

with sears or pits of tubercles ; a row of open pores on each side of

back as far as origin of dorsal fin.

Dorsal iii 17, originating slightly in advance of, or over, anal; its

length barely } its distance from the head. Anal i 23, slightly

nearer to base of ventrals than to base of caudal. Pectoral pointed,

nearly twice length of ventral and extending beyond base of latter.

Caudal with pointed lobes ; caudal peduncle nearly 2} times as long

as deep, + length of head. 36 scales in lateral line, + scales in

transverse series on body, 16 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform brown, lighter below.

One specimen, 90 mm. in length, from Leydsdorp, Transvaal

(J. Naughton).

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 327

3. MARCUSENIUS.

Petrocephalus, part., Marcusen, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb., xii., 1854,

joe

Marcusenius, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad., 1862, p. 129; Bouleng., Cat.

Freshw. Fish. Afr., i., p. 60 (1909).

Mormyrus, part., Giinth., Cat. Fish., vi., p. 214 (1866).

Teeth only in the middle of the jaws, truncate or notched ; minute

conical teeth on parasphenoid and tongue; mouth inferior or sub-

inferior, below level of eyes; nostrils widely separated.

Key to Species.

Anal originating in advance of dorsal.

Teeth $; D. 16-17, A. 22; Lat. 1. 53 oo eo bo so dle WE UOTE,

Teeth £; D. 17, A. 23; Lat. 1. 48-50 eee ee Mercastenaw

Dorsal originating in advance of anal.

Teeth £; D. 30-36, A. 23-27; Lat.1.65-70 .. .. .. 3. M. discorhynchus.

MARCUSENIUS ISIDORI, C. and V.

Mormyrus tsidori, Cuvy. and Val., Hist. Poiss., xix., p. 285 (1846).

Petrocephalus isidorit, Marcusen, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb., xu., 1854,

p. 14.

Marcusenius isidori, Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1898, p. 798, and

Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, i., p. 76 (1909).

Fie. 5.—Marcusenius isidori.

Teeth bicuspid, 8 in the upper 8 in lower jaw. Depth of body 3

to 34 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4 to 44

times; head as long or nearly as long as deep; snout } to ,%; length

of head, rounded, projecting beyond mouth; mouth situated below

nostrils, its width 33 to 44 times in length of head; anterior

nostril in a line with centre of eye, midway between eye and point

328 Annals of the South African Museum.

of snout; posterior nostril close to eye, near its lower border; eye

slightly less than snout, 5 to 5% times in length of head and 4 to

% interocular width. Head and snout covered with numerous small

tubercles.

Dorsal 16-17, originating above 4th ray of anal, its length about

+ its distance from head. Anal 22, nearly equidistant from base of

ventrals and base of caudal. Pectorals pointed, sub-falcate, a little

shorter than head, about twice as long as ventrals and extending

beyond root of latter. The caudal lobes in two of the specimens are

somewhat pointed, but in the third rounded; caudal peduncle about

3 times as long as deep, about 2 length of head. Scales in lateral

line 53; 1% scales in transverse series across body, }1 in transverse

series between dorsal and anal, 16 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), mottled brown.

Three specimens, 54 mm., 54 mm., 67 mm. in length respectively,

from Kafue River, Upper Zambezi (J. Drury).

* MARCUSENIUS CASTELNAUI, Bier.

Bouleng., Trans. Zool. Soc., Lond., vol. xviil., part v., p. 402,

May, 1911.

Fie. 6.—Marcusenius castelnaui.

“Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 3% times.

Head as long as deep, twice as long as broad; snout rounded,

1 length of head, projecting very slightly beyond mouth; mouth

small, well below level of lower border of eye; teeth small, notched,

7 in upper jaw, 8 in lower; eye rather indistinctly defined, nearly as

long as snout, its diameter not 4 interocular width; posterior nostril

a little lower down than upper, close to eye.

Dorsal fin 17, originating above 4th ray of anal, its length half its

distance from head, upper border slightly convex in front, longest

ray 2 length of head. Anal 23, similar to dorsal but longer, equally

distant from base of ventrals and from base of caudal. Pectoral

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 329

pointed, a little shorter than head, twice as long as ventral, extend-

ing to middle of latter. Caudal fin with rather short, rounded

lobes. Caudal peduncle 24 times as long as deep, a little shorter

than head. 48-50 seales in lateral line, ‘fy; in transverse series on

body, = in transverse series between dorsal and anal, 12 round

caudal peduncle.

Colour, pale brownish, darker on the back, spotted and marbled

with dark brown; fins brown.

Total length 70 mm.”

From Lake Ngami Basin, Bechuanaland. -

“This small Mormyr, of which two specimens are in the

collection, is most nearly related to M. lhuysi, Stdr., from the

Senegal, which differs principally in the higher number of dorsal

and anal fin-rays.”

* MARCUSENIUS DISCORHYNCHUS, Peters.

Mormyrus discorhynchus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 275.

Marcusenius discorhynchus, Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1898, p. 7,

and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, i., p. 81 (1909).

Marcusenius tanganicanus, Bouleng., Tr. Zool. Soc., xvii., 1906,

p. 040, pl. xxx.ghg. I.

WY y

. 4 Uy

Nisaiseae sss

aS =

Fic. 7.—Marcusenius discorhynchus. 3,

“Teeth small, notched, 5 in upper jaw, 6 in lower. Depth of

body 3 to 34 times in total length, length of head 44 to 42 times.

Head as long as deep; snout rounded, ? length of head; mouth

330 Annals of the South African Musewm.

small, sub-inferior, its width 1 to + length of head; nostrils on a line

with lower border of eye, nearer latter than end of snout; eye

moderate, as long as or a little shorter than snout, 2 interorbital

width,

Dorsal 30-36, its length 14 to 1} times in its distance from head.

Anal 23-27, originating below 8th to 12th ray of dorsal, equally dis-

tant from base of ventral and from base of caudal. Pectoral pointed,

nearly as long as head, 14 times length of ventral, extending to base

of latter or a little beyond. Caudal with obtusely pointed lobes.

Caudal peduncle 2 to 24 times as long as deep, a little shorter than

head. 65-70 scales in lateral line, 75

roe in transverse series between dorsal and anal, 12 or 14 round

in transverse series on body,

caudal peduncle.

Colour, dark olive or brownish above, silvery white beneath.

Total length 160 mm. (grows to 260 mm.).

Habitat: Lower Zambesi; Lake Nyassa; Katanga; Lake

Tanganyika.”

4. GNATHONEMUS.

Mormyrus, part., Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 522 (1766).

Mormyrops, part., Marcusen, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb., xii., 1854, p. 14.

Gnathonemus, Gill, Proc. Ac. Philad., 1862, p. 443; Bouleng., Cat.

Freshw. Fish. Afr., i., p. 94 (1909).

Teeth only in the middle of the jaws, conical, truncate or notched ;

mouth terminal; dorsal and anal fins about equal in length.

GNATHONEMUS MACROLEPIDOTUS, Peters.

Mormyrus macrolepidotus, Peters, Mon. Ac. Berl., 1852, p. 275.

Mormyrops macrolepidotus, Marcusen, Mem. Ac. St. Petersb. (7),

vii., 1864, No. 4, p. 142.

Gnathonemus macrolepidotus, Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1898,

p. 804, and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, i., p. 112 (1909).

Teeth conical, 3-5 in upper jaw, 6 in lower. Depth of body 33 to

3,°5 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 4% to over

5 times. Depth of head + to ,% its length, upper profile curved ;

snout 32 to 4 times in length of head; chin with a globular dermal

appendage; eye moderate, 5% to 7# times in length of head, 4 to %

length of snout, 3 to $ interorbital width.

Dorsal 20-22, originating above 2nd to Sth ray of anal, its length

25 to 2,7, times in its distance from the head. Anal 27—28, nearer to

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 331

base of caudal than to base of ventrals. Pectoral pointed, shorter

than head, reaching or nearly reaching base of ventral (in smaller and

larger specimen respectively). Caudal scaled in basal half, with

obtusely pointed lobes; caudal peduncle about twice as long as

deep, nearly as long as head. 68-70 scales in lateral line ; — scales

in transverse series on body, +3 in transverse series between dorsal

and anal, 16 round caudal peduncle.

Fic. 8.—Gnathonemus macrolepidotus. 4.

Colour (of preserved specimens), brownish.

Two specimens: one 128 mm. in length from Waterberg District ;

one 200 mm. in length from Crocodile River, Pretoria District,

Transvaal; Pretoria Museum.

One specimen, 129 mm. in length, from Sabi River, Transvaal.

(Major J. Stevenson-Hamilton.)

5. MORMYRUS.

Linn., Syst. Nat., i., p. 522 (part.); Bouleng., Cat. Freshw. Fish.

Afr,, i, p. 126 (1909).

Teeth small, notched; few in number, ae minute conical teeth

on parasphenoid and tongue; mouth terminal; nostrils moderately

far apart, remote from eye.

MorMyYRuS ANCHIETH, Guim.

Guimaraes, Jorn. Sc. Lisb., x., 1884, p. 4, pl. i., fig. 3; Bouleng.,

Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., i., p. 129 (1909).

Teeth notched, 6 in upper 9 in lower jaw. Depth of body 4 times

in total length excluding caudal, length of head nearly 3} times.

332 Annals of the South African Museum.

Head nearly 1+ times as long as deep, with curved upper profile ;

snout a little more than 4 length of postorbital part of head; chin

slightly swollen; eye small, 10 times in length of head, about 5%

length of snout and a little more than 4 interorbital width.

Dorsal 63, originating well in advance of the ventrals and 4,'5

times as long as anal. Pectorals 3 length of head, with rounded

angles. Ventrals a little more than 4 length of head. Anal 18,

originating nearer to base of caudal than to base of pectorals.

Caudal densely scaled (damaged in specimen); caudal peduncle

14 times as long as deep and # length of head. 88 scales in lateral

Fic. 9.—Mormyrus anchiete.

line, +8 in transverse series on body, 12 in transverse series between

dorsal and anal fins, 22 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), dark grey above, lighter below.

One specimen, 335 mm. in length, from the Zambezi River, near

Livingstone. (A. Stephenson.)

It is also reported from Angola.

Famity PANTODONTIDA.

PANTODON.

Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1876, p. 195; Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo,

p. 121, and Cat. Freshw. Fish. Afr., i., p. 151 (1909).

‘Body moderately elongate, compressed, the back, as well as

the head, flattened, keeled below; scales large; lateral line distinct,

canals straight and simple. Mouth large, with small sharp teeth ;

similar teeth on the palate (vomer, palatines, pterygoids) and on

the tongue. Nostrils widely separated, the posterior large and close

to the eye. A very short dorsal fin; anal fin longer and inserted

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 333

further forward. Pectoral fin very large, the lower ray adnate to

a fleshy process. Vertebre 16 + 14.

A single species.”’

* PANTODON BUCHHOLZI, Peters.

Peters, t.c., p. 196, pl.; Bouleng., l.c.; Popta, Notes Leyd. Mus.

xxi L902, ps Et.

“Depth of body 34 to 32 times in total length, length of head

4 to 44 times. Snout shorter than eye, the diameter of which is

35 times in length of head, 12 times in interocular width; mouth

very oblique, directed upwards, extending beyond posterior border

of eye.

Dorsal 6, above last rays of anal, 34 to 4 times as distant from

head as from caudal; third ray nearly as long as head. Anal 9-14,

sometimes divided into two by a notch, posterior rays shortest.

Fic. 10.—Pantodon buchholzi.

Pectoral 2 to 4 total length, formed of 8 rays, first longest and

strong. First 4 ventral rays more or less produced, sometimes

reaching caudal. Caudal pointed, median rays nearly twice as long

as head. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. 28-30 scales in

lateral line, 34-5 in transverse series, 22 or 23 between occiput

and dorsal.

Olive above, yellow or silvery beneath, more or less tinged with

carmine; a few blackish dots on the body ; sometimes dark bands

across the back; fins pink, with small, round, purplish-brown

spots forming cross-bands on the pectorals, which are dark purple

on the inner side and towards the end; dark bars across the

lower jaw.

334 Annals of the South African Museum.

Total length 95 mm.

Niger, Old Calabar, Cameroon, Congo.”

This fish is also reported from Chirundu, Upper Zambezi. It is

said that in order to escape from the Tiger-fish (Hydrocyon) it skips

across the surface of the water, touching it at intervals ; the longest

flight or run being about 30 feet.

Famiry KNERIIDA.

“Margin of the upper jaw formed by premaxillaries ; mouth not

protractile, inferior, toothless ; supraoccipital widely separating the

very small parietals; opercular bones well developed; symplectic

present. Giull-opening very narrow. Body scaly. Ribs sessile.

Pectoral fin inserted low down, folding like the ventrals.’’

KNEBRIA.

Steind., Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi., 1866, p. 769; Giinth., Cat.

Fish., vii., p. 372 (1868); Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., 1.,

p. 169 (1909).

“ Mouth rather small and toothless, inferior, transverse, sharp-

edged. Gill-opening very narrow, lateral; 3 branchiostegal rays.

Body elongate, cylindrical or slightly depressed, covered with very

small, finely striated scales. Dorsal and anal fins short, the former

above or behind vertical of ventrals, which have 9 rays. Vertebre 40

(26 + 14). Air-bladder long and slender, extending along the whole

precaudal part of the body. Intestinal tract very long, with several

convolutions.

Tropical Africa.”

KNERIA ANGOLENSIS, Steind.

Steind., Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi., 1866, p. 770, pl. xvii.,

fig. 1; Ginth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 372 (1868); Bouleng., Cat.

Fresh. Fish. Afr.,i., p. 170, fig. 134 (1909).

“ Body cylindrical in front, its depth 64 to 7 times in total length.

Head deeper than broad, 14 times as long as broad, its length 54 to

6 times in total length; snout half as long as postorbital part of

head, with spine-like tubercles in the male; eye lateral, well visible

from below, 3 to 34 times in length of head; interorbital width

2 length of head.

Dorsal ii 8, originating behind vertical of base of ventrals and at

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 335

equal distance from eye and from root of caudal, longest ray nearly

as long as head. Anal iii 9, equally distant from root of ventrals

and from root of caudal. Pectoral 2 length of head. Caudal deeply

forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle twice and 4 as long as

deep. 95-100 scales in lateral line. Yellowish to dark brown

above, whitish beneath; a lateral series of black dots; a black dot

at base of ventral and usually two at base of anal.

Total length 90 millim.

Angola.—Type in Vienna Museum.”’

Fie. 10a.—Kneria angolensis.

(From Brit. Mus. Cat. Afr. Fishes.)

A single specimen, 52 mm. in length, has been obtained by the

Bulawayo Museum from the Zambezi River. Unfortunately it is not

in a good condition for examination, but although it differs in some

respects from the description—notably, in possessing a broad mental

flap on lower jaw, fewer dorsal and anal rays, and has the eye

slightly nearer to point of snout—it has been referred to this species

until an examination of further specimens proves whether the

differences are constant and represent a new species.

Faminry CHARACINIDA.

Synopsis of Genera.

1. Hyprocyontn/. Dentition powerful; upper jawimmovable or slightly movable ;

maxillaries well developed, bordering the mouth ; gill-membranes free or very

narrowly attached to isthmus; scales not ciliated ; lateral line nearer ventral

than dorsal outline.

A. Teeth unicuspid.

Teeth very numerous, unequal, conical, in two series; dorsal fin

well behind ventrals.. .. .. -. «+ «+ c+ coo eo I. Sarcodaces.

Teeth not very numerous, compressed, uniserial ; dorsal fin above

Temi so .60 Gb Go Ga —ua soo ss

B. Teeth pluricuspid, in 2 or 3 series in the upper jaw. A pair

of conical teeth behind the pluricuspid teeth of the lower jaw.

2. Hydrocyon.

Teeth in 2 series in the upper jaw, the inner with obliquely trun-

cated or molariform excavated crowns; dorsal fin originating

above or behind ventrals.. .. .- «- «+ «+ «+ «+ 38, Alestes.

336 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Teeth in 2 series in the upper jaw, both simply compressed, the

front side not concave; dorsal fin originating above or

lafslovhotcl Weer oe we 08 ob wo Go oo co ca 2h WARIO

2. DisticHopontiIn&%. ‘Teeth small, notched or bicuspid; upper jaw immovable or

but slightly movable; maxillary well developed ; scales ciliated ; lateral line

along the middle of the side.

Gill-membranes attached to isthmus. No teeth on maxillary ;

suborbitals large, protecting the cheek ; dorsal with 16-27

IW co S60 so’ pao, GO "NOs Hhvgloce Gaeeacs “ore Soe O6 JOM ta latin,

1. SARCODACES.

Sarcodaces, Ginth., Cat. Fish., v., p. 352 (1864).

Snout elongate ; mouth very large, with pointed teeth intermingled

with large canines ; two series of teeth on the lower jaw, the outer

with canines; premaxillaries immovable, with a posterior process

bearing small teeth, between the maxillary and the palatines;

maxillary long, toothed, slipping under the pre- and sub-orbitals.

Cheek covered by large sub-orbitals; nostrils near the eye, close

together, separated by a valvular flap. A small adipose dorsal fin.

SARCODACES ODO#, Bl.

Salmo odoé, Block, Aust. Fische, viii., p. 122, ecelxxxvi. (1794).

Sarcodaces odoé, Giinth., lc. and Ann. and Mag. N.H. (8) xx.,

1867, p. 114; and Bouleng. Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, i., p. 177

(1909):

Teeth generic. Depth of body 43 times in total length excluding

caudal, length of head 3,3, times. Head 2% times as long as broad,

flat above, with straight upper profile; bones of head rugose and

striated; premaxillary part of snout narrowed, rounded, projecting

beyond jaw; snout a little more than 2? times in length of head ;

eye lateral, sub-inferior, 23 times in length of snout, 63 times in

length of head, nearly twice in interorbital width; maxillary

extending to beyond posterior border of eye; a triangular dermal

fold on each side of lower jaw, covering a notch between pre-

maxillary and maxillary bones. Gill-rakers long, longest nearly

1 diameter of eye, 12 on lower part of anterior arch.

Dorsal ii 7, situated above the space between ventrals and anal,

21 times as distant from end of snout as from base of caudal ; longest

ray nearly 2 length of head. Anal 11 9. Pectoral pointed, a little

more than 4 length of head and not reaching to ventral. Caudal

forked, with pointed lobes; caudal peduncle 1,5, times as long as

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 337

deep. Scales slightly rugose; scales 54, lat. tr. o3 44 rows of scales

between lateral line and base of ventral; no distinct scaly process

on ventral in specimen.

Colour (of preserved specimen), dull dark brown from end of snout

to tail, membranes of dorsal fin yellow with black spots; black

spots on anal and caudal and about the middle of the body; caudal

peduncle yellowish with dark spots, these become few and faint

Fie. 11.—Sarcodaces odoé. .

ventrally till the ventral surface is white; 3 marked dark brown

streaks radiating from eye back over preoperculum; adipose fin

black with whitish base.

2 specimens, 284 and 3860 mm. in length, respectively, from

Kafue River, Upper Zambezi (J. Drury).

It is also reported from the rivers of West Africa, Shari, Congo,

and Lake Ngami.

2. HYDROCYON.

Hydrocinus, part., Cuv. Régne Anim., ii., p. 167 (1817).

Hydrocyon, Cuv., Mém. Mus. Paris, v., 1819, p. 353.

Snout rather elongate; mouth large, with strong, pointed, more

or less compressed, sharp-edged teeth, wide apart and forming a

single series; maxillary toothless, moderately large and slipping

under the preorbital; cheek covered by the large sub-orbitals ;

nostrils near the eye close together, separated by a valvular flap ;

gill-membranes free from the isthmus. Part of the eye in front and

behind covered by an adipose lid. Tubules of lateral line straight

and short, most of them with a short spur downwards or a few

scales here and there having the spur directed upwards. A small

adipose dorsal fin.

338 Annals of the South African Museum.

Hyprocyon LINEATUS, Blkr.

(Tiger-fish ; Ingwesi (Barotse); Sinwenyi (Batoke).)

Hydrocyon lineatus, Bleek., Nat. Verh. Ver. Haarl. xvili., 1862,

No. 2, p. 125; Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, i., p. 182 (1909).

Teeth; 10 on each jaw, of which 4 on each jaw are larger and

stronger than the others, the posterior tooth on each side of the

lower jaw being minute and close to the preceding one. Depth of

body a little more than 5 times in total length excluding caudal ;

length of head 4 times. Head 2} times as long as broad; snout a

little more than 4 length of head; diameter of eye 54 times in length

of head, interorbital width 31 times; mouth extending to below

Fie. 12.—Hydrocyon lineatus. 4.

nostrils; maxillary bone, which is strongly curved on anterior

border, reaches to vertical of anterior border of eye; suborbital and

opercular bones feebly striated. Gill-rakers shorter than gill-fringes,

8 on lower part of anterior arch.

Dorsal ii 8, equally distant from eye and base of caudal, originating

in front of ventral; second simple ray longest and nearly ,°, length

of head. Anal iii 12, 3rd simple ray longest. Pectoral 2 length of

head. Ventral 2 length of head, situated below anterior 3rd of

dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, with long pointed lobes; caudal

peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales 46, lat. tr. 8; 2 rows

; 43?

of scales between lateral line and scaly process at base of ventral,

3 rows between lateral line and base of ventral.

Colour (of preserved specimen), grey, lighter on abdomen ; about

7 longitudinal streaks on body above lateral line and one below, the

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 339

lateral line scales being also indistinctly marked in places; anal

with a row of dark marks on lower portion; caudal with a dark

lunate band near base extending along the lobes, extremity of caudal

rays tipped with black ; adipose fin dark except at base.

The colour when fresh is bright silver, the longitudinal streaks are

jet-black, the fins a bright orange-red.

One specimen, 288 mm. in length, from Zambezi River, at Living-

stone; I. W. Sykes.

One specimen, 470 mm. in length, from Zambezi River; J. Drury.

One specimen, 370 mm. in length from White River, Transvaal ;

A. T. Cooke.

Mr. Sykes reports that this fish abounds in the Zambezi, above

and below the Falls and in most of the tributary streams; it feeds

on smaller fish, including its own species, is very voracious and can

readily be caught with spoon bait, giving excellent sport. It has

peculiar hook-shaped bones, which are very numerous, and has to be

eaten soon after being caught, otherwise it becomes insipid and

flabby.

Major J. Stevenson Hamilton, Warden of the Sabi River Game

Reserve, states that in the Sabi River, Transvaal, its spawning

season is the month of January.

This species is also reported from the White and Blue Niles,

the Niger to Lake Ngami (?), and the Limpopo River.

3. ALESTES.

Alestes, part., Mill. and Trosch., Hor. Ichthyol. i., p. 12 (1846).

Teeth pluricuspid; in 2 series in the upper jaw, the inner molar-

like; origin of dorsal above or behind ventrals; a small adipose

dorsal fin.

Key to Species.

Dorsal fin originating above middle or last rays of ventrals.

lines eill-rakers 16-20 150 2 2. 26 ce we lee aoe oe | L. AD ambers:

A. iii 16; scales 33, 54 series of scales above lateral line; gill-

PAkers Oo HRS ily Ge 2s ney cise eles afen UMsrewl Senehh Wretat y poe CARLTON QUIS.

ALESTES IMBERI, Peters.

Alestes imberi. Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 276, and Reise

Mossamb. iv., p. 66, pl. xii., fig. 3 (1868); Bouleng., Cat. Fresh.

Fish. Africa, i., p. 209 (1909).

Teeth 16 in upper jaw (8), 10 in lower ($)._ Depth of body 2,°,

to 32 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head 3-4, to

340 Annals of the South African Musewn.

41 times. Head 1} to 1, times as long as broad, a little longer

than deep; snout equal to or a little longer than diameter of eye,

which is lateral and 34 to 4 times in length of head ; adipose eyelid

not very strongly developed ; interorbital region slightly convex, its

width 22 to 2% times in length of head; maxillary reaching to

vertical of posterior nostril; lower border of 2nd suborbital as long

as or a little longer than the eye. Gill-rakers moderately long, 18

on lower part of anterior arch.

Dorsal ii 8, originating above base of ventral and equally distant

from middle of eye and base of caudal; longest ray 3 to about as

Fic. 13.—Alestes imberi.

sur

long as head. Anal ii—iii 14-16. Pectoral nearly as long as head,

not reaching ventral. Caudal forked ; caudal peduncle 1 to 14 times

as long as deep. Scales with radiating and anastomosing canals,

23-25 i 2 between lateral line and base of ventral.

Colour (of preserved specimens), bright silvery, brownish on the

back; a dark spot on caudal peduncle, sometimes extending as a

streak along median rays of caudal ; a fainter dark spot above lateral

line behind gill-openings.

One specimen, 157 mm. in length from Bulawayo, Rhodesia.

Two specimens 98 mm. 87 mm. in length respectively, from

Umniati River, Rhodesia; Mr. Mennell. Bulawayo Museum.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 341

One specimen, 121 mm. in length, from Malalane, Transvaal ;

Rev. Rogers.

Numerous specimens from the Sabi River, Transvaal.

It is also reported from the Congo and Rovuma to the Quanza

and Limpopo Rivers.

ALESTES LATERALIS, Bler.

Alestes lateralis, Bouleng., Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool., i., p. 130,

pl. xlviii., fig. 2 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 153, 1901, and

Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, i., p. 204 (1909).

Teeth, 16 in upper jaw (8), 10 in lower ($). Depth of body a little

more than 34 times in total length excluding caudal, length of head

41 times. Head 12 times as long as deep, 4 as broad as deep;

Fic. 14.—Alestes lateralis. +,

upper profile straight; snout 3} times in length of head, lower jaw

projecting beyond upper; diameter of eye 34 times in length of

head and 14 times in interorbital width, adipose lid feebly

developed; length of lower border of 2nd suborbital about equals

diameter of eye; maxillary reaches to vertical of nostrils. Gull-

rakers long and closely set, about 25 on lower part of anterior arch.

Dorsal ii 8; originates above origin of ventral and is slightly

nearer to base of caudal than to point of snout; longest ray about

equals length of head. Anal iii 16. Pectoral nearly 4% length of

head, does not reach to ventral. Caudal forked, with pointed lobes ;

caudal peduncle 12 times as long as deep. Seales, with a tubular

canal crossing them lengthways, on the back the scales have

58.

42?

base of ventrals, 12 rows round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), dark above, silvery below; with

a dark lateral band from head extending on to middle rays of caudal

radiating canals, 3377; 24 rows of scales between lateral line and

342 Annals of the South African Museum.

where it becomes quite black; top of head chestnut-brown; dark

specks on dorsal and caudal fins.

One specimen, 103 mm. in length, from Kafue River, Upper

Zambezi (J. Drury). The specimen closely resembles A. lateralis,

but the depth of the body does not equal the length of the head.

It is also reported from Katanga (Lake Dilolo), Zululand and

Natal.

4. MICRALESTES.

Brachyalestes, part., Giinth., Cat. Fish, v., p. 314 (1864).

Micralestes, Bouleng., Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool., i., p. 87 (1889).

Teeth pluricuspid, simply compressed, in 2 series in the upper

jaw. Dwarfed Alestes.

Key to Species.

Dorsal originating above base of ventrals.

A. iii 16-17; scales 28-30; gill-rakers 12-15; inner pre-

maxillary teeth inserted immediately behind outer .. .. .. 1. M. acutidens.

Dorsal originates immediately behind vertical of base of ventrals.

A. iii 15-17; scales 28-30; gill-rakers14 .. .. .. .. 2. 2. Mv humilis.

MICRALESTES ACUTIDENS, Peters.

Alestes acutidens, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ak., 1852, p. 276.

Brachyalestes acutidens, Giinth., Cat. Fish. v., p. 316 (1864).

Micralestes acutidens, Bouleng., Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool., i., p: Ov

(1899), and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, i., p. 224 (1909).

Teeth, 14 in upper jaw (g), 10 in lower (8); inner premaxillary

teeth inserted directly behind the outer. Depth of body equals, or

Fia. 15.—WMicralestes acutidens.

nearly equals, the length of head, and is 32 to 41 times in total length

excluding caudal. Head 2 to 24 times as long as broad, a little

longer than deep, with nearly straight upper profile; lower jaw

slightly longer than upper; snout 2 to + diameter of eye, which is

2% to 3} times in length of head and slightly longer than interorbital

width; lower border of 2nd suborbital not longer than eye ; maxillary

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 343

reaches almost to vertical of anterior border of eye. Gill-rakers

short, 12 to 15 on lower part of anterior arch.

slightly in advance or behind, and midway between point of snout,

nostrils, or anterior margin of eye and base of caudal; longest ray

+ to nearly aslongas head. Anal iii 16-17. Pectoral about ,% length

of head, not reaching base of ventrals. Caudal peduncle 12 times to

twice as long as deep. Scales 28-30 a 2 between lateral line and

base of ventral.

Colour (of preserved specimens), silvery ; a darkish silvery lateral

band on body ; distal extremity of dorsal black.

Numerous specimens ranging from 42 to 65 mm. in length,

from Sabi River, Transvaal; Major J. Stevenson Hamilton.

One specimen, 49 mm. in length, from Lydenburg district,

Transvaal.

Four specimens, ranging from 51 to 59 mm. in length, from Dwaars

River, Transvaal.

It is also reported from the Nile, Omo, Niger, Congo, Zambezi,

and Limpopo.

MICRALESTES HUMILIS, Bler.

Bouleng., Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool., i., p. 87, pl. xxxvi., fig. 4 (1899) ;

Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 161 (1901); and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa,

1., p. 226 (1909).

Teeth, 14 in upper jaw (8), 10 in lower (8). Depth of body 3y,

to 3,7, times in total length excluding caudal, length of head about

Fic. 16.—Micralestes humilis.

4 times. Head twice to 24 times as long as broad, 14 times as long

as deep ; snout 3 to # diameter of eye, which is 22 to 3 times in

length of head and equals or slightly exceeds interorbital width ;

maxillary reaches nearly to vertical of anterior border of eye. Gill-

rakers short, 14 on lower part of anterior arch.

344 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Dorsal ii 8; originates immediately behind base of ventral and

nearer to root of caudal than to point of snout; longest ray + to

nearly same length as head. Anal ii 15-17. Pectoral + to nearly

same length as head, not reaching ventral. Caudal deeply forked,

lobes pointed; caudal peduncle 14 to 1+ times as long as deep.

Seales 28-30 ae 2xrows of scales between lateral line and base of

ventrals. Scales with a duct along centre.

Colour (of preserved specimens), silvery, dark above, with a broad

silvery lateral band ; extremity of dorsal fin black.

Seven specimens, ranging from 38 mm. to 58 mm. in length, from

Maromba River, a tributary of the Zambezi River (A. Stephenson).

6. DISTICHODUS.

Mill. and Trosch., Hor. Ichthyol., i., p. 12 (1845).

‘Mouth small, inferior or sub-inferior; teeth small, bicuspid,

usually in two series on each jaw, no teeth on maxillary ; nostrils

close together, separated by valvular flap; gill-membranes attached

to isthmus. Dorsal with 16-27 rays. Body strongly compressed.”

A small or moderately large adipose dorsal fin. Small scales cover

the whole or the greater part of the caudal and adipose dorsal fins.

* DISTICHODUS MOSSAMBICUS, Peters.

Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 275; and Reise Mossamb., iv., p. 71,

pl. xiii., fig. 1 (1868) ; and Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, 1.,

p. 268 (1909).

‘“‘Teeth in one or two series in each jaw, those of the inner series,

if present, very small; 14-18 teeth in outer series. Depth of body

22 to 3 times in total length, length of head 34 to 44 times. Head

longer than deep, 2 to 2% times as long as broad; snout feebly com-

pressed, rounded, but little shorter than postocular part of head,

about 14 times diameter of eye, which is 4 to 44 times in length of

head ; interorbital width 24 to 3 times in length of head; maxillary

not extending to below nostrils.

Dorsal 23-27 (4 unbranched), equally distant from occiput and

from caudal, its base twice as long as its distance from adipose fin.

Anal 14-16 (4 unbranched), its base much shorter than that of

dorsal. Pectoral shorter than head. Caudal forked, with obtusely

pointed lobes; caudal peduncle deeper than long. Scales 67—

705—, 11 or 12 between lateral line and root of ventral.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 345

Colour silvery, olive-brown on the back; 6 or 7 very indistinct

dark bars on the body, not extending much below lateral line ; dorsal

with dark dots.

Total length, 300 mm.

Habitat : Zambezi, Shiré River; Loangwa River, N.W. Rhodesia.”

Fie. 17.—Distichodus mossambicus. %.

Faminry CYPRINIDA.

Synopsis of Genera.

A. Anal with not more than 7 branched rays.

Suborbitals narrow, not covering the cheek ; lateral line running along the middle

or nearly the middle of the side of the caudal region of the body.

Mouth inferior, with much-developed lips forming a sort of

sucker and furnished on the inner side with a sharp

cutting-edge covered with a horny sheath; dorsal fin

originating well in advance of the ventrals .. .. .. 1. Labeo.

346 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Mouth inferior, without lips, the lower jaw completely exposed

and showing a sharp cutting-edge covered with a horny

sheath ; dorsal fin originating above or a little in advance

Gi Wo VEN Be lee oo ao 55 oo oo oo ob Yo WManCOems:

Mouth terminal or inferior, with more or less developed lips,

with or without a sharp edge; dorsal fin originating above,

or a little behind, or a little in advance of ventrals .. .. 3. Barbus.

B. Anal with 10 or more branched rays.

Suborbitals large, covering the cheek ; lateral line on lower part of caudal

peduncle.

Dorsal fin originating in advance of origin of anal; belly, in

front of ventrals}srounded = se) ess ce Goes tmee ee) Baris:

Dorsal fin originating above or a little behind origin of anal ;

belly, in front of ventrals, rounded .. .. .. .. .. 5. Engraulicypris.

1. LABEO.

Labeo, Régne Anim., ii., p. 194 (1817); Cuv. and Val., Hist. Poiss.

Xvi., p. 335 (1842); Heckel, Russegger’s Reise, u., p. 1024

(1843); Ginth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 45 (1868); Bouleng.,

Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 209 (1901); Fish. Nile, p. 160 (1907) ;

and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., i., p. 300 (1909).

Abrostomus, A. Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Africa, Fish. (1841).

Tylognathus, Heckel, t.c., p. 1027; Giinth., t.c., p. 62.

Rohitichthys, Bleek., Atlas Ichthyol., ili., p. 25 (1863).

‘Body more or less compressed, covered with small, moderate, or

large scales. Lateral line equally distant from the back and from

the belly or a little nearer the latter. Mouth moderate or large,

protractile, inferior, with more or less developed lips forming a sort

of sucker and furnished on the inner side with a sharp cutting edge

covered with a horny layer; barbels present or absent. Sub-orbitals

not covering the cheek. Dorsal fin with 11 to 26 rays, 8-23 of

which are branched, originating in advance of the ventrals. Anal

short, with 7 to 8 rays. A scaly process at base of ventrals.

Pharyngeal teeth in three series . . . with the crowns spoon-shaped

and close together.

Southern Asia and Africa.”’

Key to Species.

A. Barbels absent, or one on each side.

(a) Transverse plice on lips.

1. Dorsal fin with concave or notched upper edge.

D. iv 9, Se. 83 39?

16, 32; eyelateral .. .. 1. ZL. seeberi, Gilchr. and Thomp.

postocular part of head and 233,

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa.

. lii 10 (rarely 9 or 11), Sc. 40 = 4, 16,

(rarely 18); eye supero-lateral ..

). iii 10, Se. 38-39 = 4-5, 18-20; eye

supero-lateral; caudal peduncle 14 to 14

as long as deep; analiii5 ..

. i 10, Se. 36-39 a 4-5, 16-20; eye nearly

perfectly lateral; caudal peduncle scarcely

longer than deep; anal ii 5..

. 11 9, Se. 35 4 7 2 33, 14; eye supero-lateral .

L. forskalii, Riipp.

3. L. cylindricus, Peters.

4. L. darlingi, Blgr.

5. L. parvulus, n. sp.

2. wee with straight or convex upper edge.

. iv 11, Se. 38-39 ? 2, 43, 16; dorsal edge con-

vex ; caudal eee as long as or a little

longer than deep

olf FS

-38 OF ae 4-5, 18; dorsal edge

ie or feebly concave ; caudal peduncle

deeper than long ..

elite dalle

6. L. congoro, Peters.

7. L. rubropunctatus, n. sp.

(b) No transverse plics on lips.

1. Dorsal fin with notched upper edge.

- li

, 4-44, 20-21

8. L. ruddi, Bler.

9. L. rose, Stndr.

2. Dorsal fin with convex upper edge.

5A-63

64-73’

_iii-iv 11-13, Se. 36-39 34-43, 16-18...

10. L. altivelis, Peters.

B. Two barbels on each side.

. 1 9, Se. 43 8 9 2 64, 2

ce ; 83-9 90_5

. 1ii 10-11, Se. 44-50 10-113" 6-7, 20-24

134-153

. iv 10-11, Se. 58-65 i5i16s" 9-10, 30-34

113 :

. 1119, Se. 60 13 74, 28

5 dle

. 12. L. capensis, A. Smith.

. 13. L. umbratus, A. Smith.

. 14. L. stenningi, n. sp.

1. LABEO SEEBERI, Gilchr. and Thomp.

Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii., 1911, p. 477.

Depth of body nearly 5 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 43 times; width of head nearly $ its length. Snout

L. rubromaculatus, n. sp.

347

prominent, projecting, rounded and slightly pointed, longer than

times in length of head; eye lateral,

348 Annals of the South African Museum,

nearer gill-opening than to point of snout, 7 times in length of head

and 33 times in interorbital width; width of mouth, with lips, a

little more than 4 length of head; lips well developed, with trans-

verse plicz on inner surface, fringed with papille, the lower lip

with prominent papille scattered on it and festooned on lower edge;

rostral flap fringed ; no visible barbel.

Dorsal iv 9; nearly equidistant from nostril and base of caudal,

upper border emarginate, longest branched ray about + length of

head. Anal iii 5; does not reach to base of caudal. Pectoral

+ length of head; does not reach to ventral which is inserted below

Fie. 18.—Labeo seeberi. 75+

4th branched ray of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, the lower lobe

pointed and longer than upper; caudal peduncle nearly twice as

long as deep. Scales 83, lat. tr. 2°; 16 rows between lateral line

and root of ventral; about 32 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), dark bluish brown above, light-

coloured on belly ; body covered with minute dark spots.

One specimen, 268 mm. in length, from Olifants River, Transvaal

(Dr. Seeber).

2. LABEO FORSKALU, Riipp.

Cyprinus niloticus, var. b, Forskal., Deser. Anim., p. 71 (1775).

Labeo forskalii, Riipp., Mus. Senckenb., ii., p. 18, pl. iii, fig. 1

(1835); Cuv. and Val., Hist. Poiss., xvi., p. 343 (1842); Heckel,

Russegger’s Reise Egypt., iii., p. 301, pl. xx., fig. 2 (1846) ; Bouleng.,

Fish. Nile, p. 176, pl. xxvii., fig. 2, and pl. xxxi., fig. 3 (1907), and

Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., 1., p. 329, fig. 248 (1909).

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 349

Labeo forskalit, part., Giinth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 50 (1868), and

Petherick’s Trav., ii., p. 260 (1869).

Body more or less compressed, its depth 3,°, times in total length

excluding caudal, length of head 4,1, times; width of head nearly

% its length. Snout rounded, strongly projecting, more or less

swollen, with a curved transverse groove upon it, $ length of head ;

eye supero-lateral, 5 times in length of head; interorbital width

nearly 4 length of head; width of mouth 2 length of head; lips well

developed, the upper straight-edged, the lower more or less ex-

panded, bordered in front with a feeble row of papilla and festooned

on its posterior border; the inner surface of both lips with small

papilla forming transverse plice; rostral flap large, completely

Fic. 19.—Labeo forskalw. 4.

detached at sides and its lower border feebly denticulated ; barbel

minute and more or less hidden under folds of skin ; crater-like scars

of tubercles on snout.

Dorsal iii 10; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

upper border concave; last simple ray and first branched ray pro-

duced and about twice as long as head. Anal iii 5; reaching caudal

,®, length of head. Pectoral slightly longer than head, not reaching

ventral, the first ray of which falls below 4th branched ray of dorsal.

Caudal deeply emarginate, crescentic when fully spread out; caudal

peduncle as long as deep. Scales 40 a, 4 between lateral line and

ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), brown, dark above, yellowish

beneath ; scales dark in the centre.

300 Annals of the South African Musewm.

One specimen, 185 mm. in length, from Victoria Falls, Zambezi

River (F. W. Sykes).

It is also reported from the Lower Nile to the upper tributaries of

the Blue Nile.

3. LABEO CYLINDRICUS, Peters.

Labeo cylindricus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 684, and Reise

Mossamb., iv., p. 47, pl. x., fig. 1 (1868); Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish.

Africa, i., p. 331 (1909).

Tylognathus cantim, Sauv., Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), vi., 1882

jos) JETES),

Body slightly compressed ; its depth 31 to 32 times in total length

excluding caudal, length of head 4 to 5 times; width of head 2 to

Fic. 20. —Labeo cylindricus. 4.

$ its length; snout about 4+ length of head, strongly projecting

beyond mouth, more or less swollen and pointed at extremity,

ending in some specimens with a more or less turned-up appendage

with a transverse groove behind it ; eye supero-lateral, 54 to 7 times

in length of head, situated nearer to gill-opening than to point of

snout ; interorbital width 2 to } length of head ; lips well developed,

the upper lip straight edged the lower with a fringe of papille and

the border more or less festooned, inner surface of lips with trans-

verse plice ; rostral flap large, completely detached at sides, its edge

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. Blau

more or less denticulated; no barbel visible; crater-like scars of

horny tubercles on snout and across it in front of nostrils and below

anterior part of eye.

Dorsal iii 10; situated nearer to nostrils than to base of caudal,

upper edge concave, longest branched ray about same length or

slightly shorter or longer than head. Anal iii 5; shorter than head

and barely or not reaching to root of caudal. Pectoral slightly less

to a little more than length of head, not reaching ventrals, which

commence below 4th or 5th branched ray of dorsal. Caudal deeply

notched ; caudal peduncle 1} to 1} times as long as deep. Scales

38-39, lat. tr. ae 4-5 rows of scales between lateral line and base

of ventral, 18-20 rows round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), brown or slaty grey above, lightish

below.

One specimen, 205 mm. in length, from Six-mile Spruit, Pretoria

District, Transvaal. Pretoria Museum.

One specimen, 232 mm. in length, from Crocodile River,

Transvaal. Pretoria Museum.

One specimen, 227 mm. in length, from Lydenburg District,

? Olifants River, Transvaal. Pretoria Museum.

Four specimens, ranging from 202-235 mm. in length, from

Thabina and Letsikela Rivers, Zoutpansberg District, Transvaal.

Seven specimens, ranging from 223-240 mm. in length, from

Magalies River, Transvaal.

Fourteen specimens, ranging from 140-212 mm. in length, from

Sabi River, Transvaal; Major J. S. Hamilton.

This species is also reported from Abyssinia, Hast Africa to the

Zambezi, Lakes Tanganyika and Nyassa.

4, LABEO DARLINGI, Bler.

Bouleng., Proc. Zool Soc, 1902, i., p. 13, pl. 11 fig 1, and Cat.

Fresh. Fish. Africa, i., p. 321 (1909).

‘Body strongly compressed, its depth nearly equal to length

of head and contained 4 times in total length. Head 14 times as

long as broad; snout rounded, strongly projecting beyond mouth,

with scars of small tubercles ; eye nearly perfectly lateral, in middle

of head, its diameter 44 times in length of head, 2+ times in width

of interorbital region, which is flat; width of mouth, with lips, 2 that

of head ; rostral flap and anterior border of lip not denticulated ;

lower lip with a series of papille forming a denticulation; inner

surface of lip with numerous transverse plice, formed of closely-

352 Annals of the South African Musewm.

set obtuse papilla ; a minute barbel, hidden in folds at side of

mouth.

Dorsal 1ii 10; with strongly notched upper border, equally distant

from nostril or end of snout and from caudal; longest ray equal to

or exceeding length of head. Anal ii 5; longest ray nearly as long

as the head and reaching root of caudal. Pectoral as long as head,

not reaching ventral. Ventral nearly reaching vent, Ist ray falling

Fig. 21.—Labeo darlingi. 4

under 7th of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked; caudal peduncle scarcely

longer than deep. Scales 36-39 z,

of ventral, 16-20 round caudal peduncle.

Colour, olive-brown above, whitish beneath ; fins dark.

Total length 160 mm.

Habitat : Southern Rhodesia (Mazoe River) and Limpopo (Olifants

River) Systems.”

4—5 between lateral line and root

5. LABEO PARVULUS, N. sp.

Body compressed, its depth 4+ times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 3,%, times. Width of head 2 its length ; snout swollen,

prominent, projecting beyond mouth, 24 times in length of head;

eye 4,1, times in length of head, supero-lateral, a little nearer to gill-

opening than to point of snout, 1? times in interorbital width ; width

of mouth, with lips, twice in length of head; upper lip with feeble

denticulations, inner surface with feeble transverse plice ; lower lip

with a row of papillae on upper border, posterior border festooned ;

rostral flap detached at sides, feebly denticulated ; anterior nostril

with a flap. A single barbel on each side, ;%, diameter of eye, more

or less concealed under folds of skin. <A deep, curved, transverse

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 353

depression in front of nostrils, and behind it a line of pearl-like

tubercules ; a patch of similar tubercles, disposed in two rows of

4 and 2, on point of snout, with a similar patch adjoining on each

side.

Dorsal ii 9; equally distant from nostrils and from root of caudal,

border concave ; longest ray slightly longer than head. Anal iii 5 ;

not reaching caudal. Pectoral 4 length of head, not reaching

ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal deeply

forked, with acutely pointed lobes; caudal peduncle 14 times as

7» 3% between lateral line and ventral, 14

long as deep. Scales 35

round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), olive-brown, darker above than

below; a yellowish patch on occiput and an orange blotch on throat

Fic. 22.—Labeo parvulus.

and on lower opercular border. In life a darkish lateral streak is

said to be present.

One specimen, 72 mm. in length, from Crocodile River, Transvaal.

(A. T. Cooke.) It is said to grow to about twice the size.

* 6. LABEO CONGORO, Peters.

Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 683, and Reise Mossamb., iv.

p. 45, pl. ix. (1868); Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, i.

p.o19N (1909):

‘Body strongly compressed, its depth 3 to 32 times in total

length. Head 4 to 42 times in total length in adult, 3 to 4 times

in young, its width $ to 2 its length; snout rounded, often more or

less swollen, 2? to 4 length of head, at least as long as and often

longer than postocular part of head; eye nearly perfectly lateral,

43 to 7 times in length of head in adult, 3 to 4 times in young ;

354 Annals of the South African Museum.

interorbital width 4 to 3 length of head; width of mouth, with lips,

2 to 3 times in length of head; lips not distinctly fringed on the edge,

with small papille forming transverse plice on inner side; rostral

flap large, completely detached at the sides, its edge entire or feebly

denticulate; a minute barbel, usually hidden under folds of skin;

tubercles on the snout, or their crater-like scars, much developed

in adult.

Dorsal iv 11; longest rays about 14 times length of head, equally

distant from anterior or posterior border of eye and from caudal,

KX)

Soon

OO ey oa

\\ \ \ SS

Fic. 23.—Labeo congoro. $.

upper edge more or less convex in adult. Anal iii 5; reaching root

of caudal or beyond. Pectoral nearly as long as or a little longer

than head, not reaching ventral, the first ray of which falls below

4th or 5th branched ray of dorsal. Caudal deeply emarginate ;

caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper than long.

Seales 38-395, 41 between lateral line and root of ventral, 16 round

caudal peduncle.

Colour, golden above, darker on the back, silvery white beneath

dorsal bluish black, anal and caudal reddish black.

Total length, 330 mm.

Habitat: Zambezi.”

. ae

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 355

7. LABEO RUBROPUNCTATUS, N. sp.

Body compressed; its depth 3 to 34 times in total length excluding

caudal, length of head 3,%, to 45 times. Width of head % to 2 its

length; snout rounded, swollen, strongly projecting, longer than

postocular part of head and 2 to 4 length of head; eye perfectly

lateral, situated in posterior half of head, 5 to 7 times in length of

head ; interorbital width 4 to = length of head ; width of mouth, with

lips, 2 to 3 times in length of head ; lips with small papille forming

transverse plice on inner side, upper lip not distinctly fringed on the

edge, lower with papilla on upper border and festooned on lower

edge ; rostral flap entire or very feebly denticulate, more or less

Fie. 24.—Labeo rubropunctatus.

detached at its sides ; a small barbel, more or less hidden under folds

of skin ; tubercules on snout, or their crater-like scars, much de-

veloped in adult.

Dorsal iii 11; equally distant from nostrils or eye and from base of

caudal, border feebly concave or straight; longest ray 4%; to 14 (in

young) length of head. Anal iii 5; reaching to caudal. Pectoral 2 to

$ length of head, not reaching ventral, the first ray of which falls

below 4th or 5th branched ray of dorsal. Caudal deeply emarginate,

crescentic when spread out ; caudal peduncle 1,1, to 14 as deep as

long. Seales 36-38 me, 4—5 between lateral line and ventral, 18

round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), dark brown or bronze-green

356 Annals of the South African Museum.

above, lighter beneath. The specimens from Sabi River have more

of a greyish tint and the scales (especially of the smallest) have a

bright red spot or bar in the centre, forming longitudinal lines on

the body. Fins dark ; in two of the specimens the caudal has a

white edge or border on inner margin of lobes.

Three specimens, 400 mm., 370 mm., 177 mm. in length respec-

tively, from Sabi River, Transvaal; Major J. Stevenson Hamilton.

One specimen, 394 mm. in length, from Karino, Crocodile River,

Transvaal (A. T. Cooke).

This species closely resembles L. coubie, from the Nile, but the

dorsal and pectoral fins are smaller and the caudal peduncle deeper ;

the colouring also differs. Major J. Stevenson Hamilton writes in

connection with the specimens sent by him from Sabi River that the

fish clings ‘ with its peculiar rubber-like mouth to rocks, usually at

the side of deep and rather swift streams. So far as I know it

will take no bait. I have plenty of opportunities of observing its

habits from the top of the railway bridge here, and the specimens

sent were secured by means of a rifle. I have never known them

caught either by white men or natives. The local name is ‘sucker,’

significant of its habits.”’

8. Lasro rupp1, Bler.

Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (7), xix., 1907, p. 392, and Cat.

Fresh. Fish. Africa, i., p. 314 (1909).

Fic. 25.—Labeo ruddi. 34.

Body strongly compressed; its depth 3% to 4,\, times in total

length excluding caudal, length of head 4,3, to 4* times; snout

rounded, + to 3 length of head; interorbital width $ length of head ;

7 a

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 357

eye lateral, 44 to 52 times in length of head; width of mouth, with

lips, 3 to 34 times in length of head; both lips with a fringe of

conical papilla; edge of rostral flap entire ; a small posterior barbel;

no tubercles on snout.

Dorsal iii 9; equally distant from snout and base of caudal, upper

edge concave, longest branched ray as long as or a little longer than

head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral about as long as

head, not reaching ventral, which is situated below middle of dorsal.

Caudal deeply notched; caudal peduncle 1} to 14 times as long as

deep. Scales 40-41, lat. tr. — 4 to 44 rows of scales between

lateral line and base of ventral, 20-21 rows round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), dark olive-brown above, whitish

below ; body and head covered with numerous dark specks.

Three specimens, 129 mm., 205 mm., 231 mm. in length respec-

tively, from Dwaars River, Transvaal. Pretoria Museum.

9. LABEO ROS#, Stndr.

Labeo rose, Steind., Sitz. Ak. Wien, ciii., i1., 1894, p. 457, pl. v.,

fig.1; and Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., i., p. 312, fig. 234 (1909).

Labeo transvaalensis, Methuen, Ann. Trans. Mus., 1911, p. 251,

cum fig.

Fic. 26.—Labeo rose. 3.

Body strongly compressed, its depth 3 to 34 times in total

length. Head 42 times in total length, its width nearly ? its

358 Annals of the South African Museum.

length; snout rounded; eye perfectly lateral, in middle of head,

42 times in length of head, 2 interorbital width; width of mouth,

with lips, 3 times in length of head; both lips with several rows

of conical papille, the outer forming a fringe; edge of rostral flap

entire with slight incipient crenulations; a minute barbel, more or

less hidden under folds of skin; small tubercles or their crater-

like scars on the snout.

Dorsal iii 12; equally distant from centre of eye and from caudal,

notched, longest ray a little longer than head. Anal iii 5; nearly

reaching root of caudal. Pectoral as long as head, not reaching

ventral, the first ray of which falls below 3rd or 4th branched ray

of dorsal. Caudal deeply notched, crescentic. Caudal peduncle as

ventral, 20 round caudal peduncle.

Colour, grey above, silvery white beneath.

One specimen, 245 mm. in length, from Crocodile River, Rusten-

burg District, Transvaal. Pretoria Museum.

It is also reported from the Limpopo System: Klein Letaba

River, tributary of Olifants River, Transvaal.

long as deep. Scales 39, 5 between lateral line and root of

* 10. LABEO ALTIVELIS, Peters.

Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 683, and Reise n. Mossamb., iv.,

p. 438, pl. vill. (1868); Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, i.,

p. 309 (1909).

‘‘Body strongly compressed, its depth 3 to 34 times in total

length. Head 14 to 12 times as long as broad, 44 to 5 times in

total length ; snout rounded, moderately prominent; eye perfectly

lateral, in middle of head, 4 to 6 times in length of head; inter-

orbital width 4 to 2 length of head; width of mouth, with

lips, 25 to 3 times in length of head; both lips with several rows

of papillae, those of the outer row large and sub-conical, form-

ing a strong fringe; edge of rostral flap entire; a minute barbel,

hidden under folds of skin; tubercles on snout very small or

absent.

Dorsal ii-iv 11-13; equally distant from head or eye and from

caudal, its upper edge convex, longest rays 14 to 21 times length

of head. Anal ili 5; reaching, or nearly reaching, root of caudal.

Pectoral as long as head or slightly shorter, not reaching ventral,

the first ray of which falls below 3rd or 4th branched ray of

dorsal. Caudal deeply emarginate, crescentic. Caudal peduncle as

long as deep, or a little deeper than long. Scales 36-39 ap 34-44

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa, 359

between lateral line and root of ventral, 16-18 round caudal

peduncle.

Fie. 27.—Luabheo altivelis. 4.

Colour, olive above, yellowish beneath, with or without pink

streaks along the series of scales; fins grey.

Total length 400 mm.

Habitat: Zambezi; Nyassa; Lake Bangwelu.”’

11. LAaBEO RUBROMACULATUS, N. sp.

Body compressed, its depth 34 times in total length excluding

caudal, length of head 4% times. Head 1% times as long as broad ;

snout rounded, feebly extending beyond upper lip, longer than

postocular part of head and 24 times in length of head; eye lateral,

63 times in length of head; interorbital width a little more than $

length of head; width of mouth, with lips, a little more than

length of head; lips rather feebly developed, upper lip entire, lower

feebly fringed with rounded papille and with the lower margin

festooned ; rostral flap with a denticulate fringe. Two barbels on

oto

360 Annals of the South African Museum.

each side, the anterior 2 diameter of eye, the posterior 3. Dorsal

profile nearly straight.

Dorsal iii 9; equally distant from nostrils and from root of

caudal, border concave; longest ray nearly as long as head. Anal it

5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral about as long as head, not

reaching ventral ; base of latter below 3rd or 4th branched ray of

dorsal. Caudal deeply notched, crescentic, with pointed lobes ;

Fie. 28.—Labeo rubromaculatus. 3,

caudal peduncle 1,), times as long as deep. Scales 43 ap 64 between

lateral line and root of ventral, 20 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), dark olive-brown above, silvery

beneath ; tail of a greenish tinge; scales dark at the base.

When alive, 6 or 8 gold-red spots are said to be present on the

body, but these fade rapidly after death. The fish is reported to

attain a length of 2 feet.

One specimen, 243 mm. in length, from M’fongosi, Zululand

(W. E. Jones).

12. Lasgo cApPEnsis, A. Smith.

Abrostomus capensis, A. Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Africa, Fish., pl. xi1.,

fig. 2 (1841).

Labeo tenuirostris, Steind., Sitzb. Ak. Wien, ciii., 1., 1894, p. 459,

pli y., Hig. 2:

Labeo capensis, Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (7), xii., 1903, p. 362,

and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, i., p. 340 (1909).

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. ' 361

Body strongly compressed, its depth 34 to 4} times in total length

excluding caudal, length of head 4 to 5 times. Head 12 to 14 times

as long as broad; depressed, often very markedly so in larger speci-

mens, the nape rising in a sharp curve; snout rounded, prominent,

about equal to or slightly longer than postocular portion of head ;

eye lateral, 6 to 8 times in length of head; interorbital width $ to +

length of head; width of mouth, with lips, } to 4 length of head;

lips moderately developed, fringed with rounded or conical papille

and with transverse plice on inner surface ; rostral flap more or less

fringed ; two barbels on each side, equal or unequal in length, the

longest about equal to diameter of eye.

Fic. 29.—Labeo capensis. x.

Dorsal iii-iv 10-11; about equidistant between eye and base of

caudal, upper edge coneave, longest branched ray from a little less

to a little longer than head. Anal iii 5; reaching or nearly reaching

to base of caudal. Pectoral ,°, to the same length as head, not

reaching to ventral which is inserted below middle or posterior half

of dorsal. Caudal forked, with long pointed lobes; caudal peduncle

84-94 ,

11-123 ”

of scales between lateral line and root of ventral, 20 rows round

caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), brown above, flesh colour on

belly.

Four specimens, ranging from 178-218 mm. in length, from Zak

River, Fraserburg, Cape Province (Mr. Jacobs).

11 to 1,5, as long asdeep. Scales 44—48, lat. tr. 64 to 74 rows

362 Annals of the South African Museum.

Three specimens, ranging from 229-253 mm. in length, from

Kimberley Reservoir, Cape Province.

Two specimens, 253 mm. and 323 min. in length respectively, from

Modder River, Cape Province.

One specimen, 306 mm. in length, from Crocodile River, Transvaal

Province. Pretoria Museum.

Two specimens, 88 mm. and 123 mm. in length respectively, from

Durban Museum.

One specimen, 438 mm. in length (locality unknown).

13. LABEO umMBRATUs, A. Smith.

Abrostomus umbratus, A. Smith, Hl. Zool. S. Africa, Fish., pl. xii.,

fig. 1 (1841).

Labeo umbratus, Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (7), xii., 1903,

p. 862, and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Africa, i., p. 339 (1909).

Body compressed, its depth 32 to 42 times in total length exclud-

ing caudal, length of head 4 to 42 times. Head 12 to 14 times as

Fic. 30.—Labeo wnbratus. 4.

long as broad; snout rounded, feebly prominent, shorter than post-

ocular portion of head, 23 to 3 times in length of head; eye lateral,

54 to nearly 6 times in length of head ; interorbital width 4 length of

head; width of mouth, with lips, about 4+ length of head ; lips rather

feebly developed, with rounded or ponieal papille forming a fringe ;

two barbels on each side, about equal in length or the posterior one

shorter, less than diameter of eye.

Dorsal ii 9; equidistant from nostril or eye and base of caudal,

upper edge concave, longest branched ray + to 4%, length of head.

Anal iii 5 ; not reaching root of caudal. Pectoral 2 to almost length

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 363

of head, not reaching ventral which is inserted below middle of

dorsal. Caudal forked, with long pointed lobes; caudal peduncle 1$

times to twice as long as deep. Scales 56-59, lat. tr. aoe 9 to 10

rows of scales between lateral line and root of ventral, 30 rows round

caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), brown above, yellowish below ;

scales on sides and upper part of body with numerous minute dark

specks.

One specimen, 173 mm. in length, from Gamka River, Cape

Province.

Three specimens, ranging from 158-171 mm. in length, from

Grobelaars River, Cape Province.

Three specimens, ranging from 200-228 mm. in length, from Alice,

Tyumi River, Cape Province.

14. LABEO STENNINGI, 0. sp.

Depth of body 42 times in total length excluding caudal, length of

head 4,1, times. Width of head a little more than $ its length; snout

rounded and feebly projecting, shorter than postocular portion of

head and 2,7, times in length of head; eye lateral, nearer to point of

snout than to gill-opening, 64 times in length of head and nearly 3+

Fic. 31.—Labeo stenningi.

times in interorbital width; mouth small, its width, with lips, ;%

length of head; lips feebly developed, upper lip with a short

fringe of papillae on upper edge, lower lip with a fringe of papillz on

lower margin; rostral flap entire, slightly emarginate. Two incon-

spicuous barbels on each side, posterior slightly longer than anterior

and slightly more than + diameter of eye.

364 Annals of the South African Museum.

Dorsal i111 9; equidistant from nostrils and from root of caudal,

upper border slightly concave ; longest branched ray * length of head.

Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral nearly # length of head,

not reaching ventral ; base of latter below 4th branched ray of dorsal.

Caudal deeply forked; caudal peduncle 12 times as long as deep.

Seales radiately striated 60 mi,

ventral, 28 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), silvery, dark above, lighter below

the lateral line.

74 between lateral line and root of

One specimen, 190 mm. in length, from Potchefstroom, Transvaal

(Mr. Stenning).

2. VARICORHINUS.

Riipp., Mus. Senckenb., ii., p. 21 (1837); Bouleng., Fish. Nile, p. 190

(1907).

‘Body strongly compressed, covered with small, moderate, or

large scales. Lateral line nearer the belly than the back, but

running along the middle of the caudal peduncle. Mouth large,

inferior, transverse, feebly protractile, without lips, the upper jaw

partly covered by a rostral fold, the lower completely exposed and

showing a sharp cutting-edge covered with a horny sheath ; barbels

absent or present. Sub-orbitals not covering the cheek. Dorsal fin

with or without ossified ray, with 11-14 rays, 8-11 of which are

branched. Anal fin short, with 7 or 8 rays. Pharyngeal teeth

in three series . . . with spoon-shaped crowns, which may be close

together as in Labeo or more wide apart as in Barbus.

South-Western and Central Asia, and Africa.”

Key to Species.

A. With two barbels on each side.

D. iv9; Sc. 302; last simple ray ossified.. .. .. .. 1. V. brucii.

B. Barbels absent.

don - ‘ ae Ds-6 ayo = . A

D. iii 8-9; Se. 34-35 ae no ossified ray oe ae es 2a Velelspiuttensis.

1, VARICORHINUS BRUCH, Bler.

Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 310, pl. xix., and Cat. Fresh.

Fish. Africa, i., p. 354 (1909).

Depth of body 3} to 34 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 4,4, to 44 times. Snout rounded, prominent, broader

than long, about 4 length of head; eye lateral, 4 to 5} times in length

of head, 2} to 23 times in interorbital width (14 to 1} times in young) ;

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 365

mouth feebly curved, its width } to 4 length of head; two barbels on

each side, the posterior being the longer and equal to, or slightly

greater or less than, diameter of eye. The largest specimen has

conical tubercles on head, which are not apparent in the smaller

specimens.

Dorsal iv 9; last simple ray strong, bony, not serrated, its rigid

part 2 to + length of head; border of fin concave; longest branched

ray a little shorter than or equal to length of head. Anal iii 5; not

reaching or barely reaching base of caudal. Pectoral a little shorter

than or equal to head, not reaching ventral which is inserted below

middle of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes; caudal

peduncle 14 to 12 times as long as deep. Scales 28-32, lat. tr. aH,

bole

Fic. 32.—Varicorhinus brucii.

echo

24 to 3 rows of scales between lateral line and base of ventral, 12 rows

round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), dark brown on back, lighter below ;

often with small dark spots here and there on body and fins, especially

on caudal.

Nine specimens, ranging from 102-263 mm. in length, from

Thabina and Letsikela Rivers, Zoutpansberg District, Trans-

vaal.

Five specimens, ranging from 84-204 mm. in length, from Six-

mile Spruit, Pretoria District, Transvaal.

One specimen, 217 mm. in length, from Crocodile River, Trans-

vaal.

One specimen, 223 mm. in length, from Transvaal (locality

unknown).

366 Annals of the South African Museum.

2. VARICORHINUS NELSPRUITENSIS, Gilchr. and Thomp.

Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., viii., 1911, p. 478.

Body compressed, depth 3% to 4 times in total length excluding

caudal, length of head 44 to 42 times ; width of head # to 2 its length.

Snout prominent, rounded, shorter than postocular portion of head ;

eye lateral, 4% to 44 times in length of head and about 2 to 2? times

in interorbital width ; width of mouth about 4 length of head; no

barbel ; small tubercles on snout; mouth feebly curved.

Dorsal iii 8-9; upper edge slightly emarginate, no ossified ray,

longest branched ray + to about same length as head. Anal ii 5;

similar to dorsal, does not reach to base of caudal. Pectoral + to

about same length as head, does not reach ventral which is inserted

Fia. 33.—Varicorhinus nelspruitensis. {.

below 2nd branched ray of dorsal. Caudal forked, the lobes

pointed; caudal peduncle 1+ times to twice as long as deep.

Scales 34-35, lat. tr. 7 24 rows of scales between lateral line

and base of ventrals; 14 rows round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), bluish black, darker above than

below.

Two specimens, 145 mm. and 158 mm. in length respectively,

from Nelspruit, Transvaal.

3. BARBUS.

Barbus, Cuv., Régne Anim., ii., p. 197 (1817); Cuv. and Val.,

Hist. Poiss., xvi., p. 122 (1842); Heck., Russegger’s Reis,, ii.,

p. 1017 (1843); Ginth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 82 (1868); Bouleng.,

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 367

Poiss., Bass. Congo, p. 221 (1901); Fish. Nile, p. 195 (1907), and

Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 1 (1911).

Labeobarbus, Riipp., Mus. Senckenb., ii, p. 14 (1837); Heck.,

Kesvps L019:

Cheilobarbus, A. Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr. Fishes (1841).

Pseudobarbus, A. Smith, le.

Capoéta, part., Cuv. and Val., t.c., p. 278.

Systomus, part., Heck., l.c., p. 1016.

Luciobarbus, Hecek., l.c., p. 1019.

Puntius, Bleek., Nat. Verh. M. Wetensch. Haarl., xvii., 1862,

py LE2:

Enteromius, Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (2), xiii., 1867, p. 407.

Barynotus, Ginth, t.c., p. 61.

Mouth terminal, inferior or sub-inferior, small or moderately large,

more or less protractile, with more or less developed lips; barbels

present or absent; dorsal fin with or without ossified ray.

The structure of the scales varies considerably according to the

species; we have followed Boulenger’s system of grouping in respect

to this. In some species the exposed surface of the scale is striated

by numerous longitudinal, scarcely radiating, straight or slightly

wavy canals, visible to the naked eye or with the aid of a magnifier

of low power (except in specimens that have had the scales decalcified

by preservation in formol), whilst the centre is more or less finely

rugose. In other species with small scales the striations are also

numerous, but they radiate fan-lke from the centre; whilst in other

small species with large scales they are reduced to from two to five,

radiating from the centre, the scales appearing smooth but for the

fine concentric striation (growth-lines) which is present on the scales

of all eyprinids.

Key to Species.

I. Exposed surface of scales striated by numerous longitudinal, or even somewhat

converging, straight or slightly wavy canals; dorsal fin with 8 to 10

branched rays, the last simple ray if ossified never serrated; two barbels

on each side.

A. Last simple ray more or less enlarged, ossified, without trace of segmentation—

at least in its basal half—forming a strong spine. Anal with 5 branched

rays.

1. Ventral fin with its first ray in front of or below anterior rays of dorsal,

or dorsal originating slightly in advance of ventrals.

(a) Dorsal with 8 branched rays.

Sc. 43 2, 5, 18; D.iii8, A. iii 5; posterior barbel

Sdiameterofeye.. .. .. «=. .. .. « JL. B. polylepis, Blgr:

368 Annals of the South African Museum.

Se.

. 34-43 872 3344, 16; D. iv 8, A iii 5; pos-

64-74’

terior barbel 3 to 14 diameter of eye... .. .. 2. B. holubi, Star.

40-41 7? 34-44, 16-18; D. iii 8, A. iii 5;

posterior barbel 1-14 diameter of eye .. .. 3. B. lineolatus, n. sp.

2. B8 a 3,16; D. iii 8, A. ii 5; posterior barbel

net aslongaseye.. .. .. .. .. .. 4. B. zuluensis, n. Sp.

P3322 a 3, 12; D. iii 8; its spine rather feeble,

A. iii 5, reaching caudal; barbels sub- -equal,

about 1$ diameters of eye .. .. .. .. 5. B. marequensis, A. Smith.

(b) Dorsal with 9 branched rays.

. 40 yi 3, 16; D. iv 9, A. iii 5; posterior barbel

alittle longer thaneye .. .. .. .. .. 6. B. kimberleyensis, n. sp.

2. Base of ventral below anterior rays or middle of dorsal.

(a) Lower lip restricted to the sides, lower jaw with angular edge.

. 36-38 3 3-34, 16; dorsal with 8 branched

Lays; noaterior barbel as long as or a little

longer thaneye .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1. B. elephantis, Bier.

. 29-30 2, 23, 12; dorsal with 9-10 branched

rays ; posterior barbel 4—3 diameter of eye .. 8. B. sector, Bley.

. 28 > 14, 14; dorsal with 9 branched rays;

posterior barbel nearly as longaseye .. .. 9. B. cookei, n. sp.

(b) Lower lip continuous across chin, forming a more or less well-developed

mental lobe.

38 Be 34, 16; dorsal with 8 branched rays ;

posterior barbel 11 times diameter of eye .. 10. B. mfongosi, n. sp.

28-29 a, 2-24, 12; dorsal with 9 branched

rays; Toth lips well developed ; posterior

barbel } toaslongaseye.. .. .. .. .. 11. B. brucii, Bler.

5 OU oe 23, 12; dorsal with 10 branched rays;

posterior barbel as long aseye.. .. .. .. 12. B. dwaarsensis, n. sp.

Last simple ray of dorsal not enlarged, or segmented down to its basal third

anal with 5 branched rays.

1. Ventral fin nearly wholly in advance of dorsal.

Both lips produced into median lobes.

38 = 3, 14; dorsal with 8 branched

rays, last simple ray segmented;

posterior barbel 14 times diameter of

GE do 5a 900) Go on so oo on Mey Tels VCD saVets\or

Se.

Sc.

. 42

. 33-36

. 32-34 2

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 369

2. Ventral below anterior rays of dorsal.

(a) One or both lips produced into median lobes.

a 4, 14; dorsal with 8 branched

rays, last simple ray segmented ; both

lips produced into triangular lobes;

posterior barbel a little longer than eye 14. B. gilchristi, Blev.

53 — , 24, 14-16; dorsal with 8-9

branched rays; lower lip continuous

across chin, often with a small rounded

lobe; posterior barbel as long as or

slightly longer than eye.. .. .. .. 15. B. bowkeri, Bler.

it) es 24, 14; dorsal with 9 branched

rays, last simple ray segmented; lower

lip with a small mental lobe; posterior

barbel slightly longer thaneye .. .. 16. B. robinsoni, n. sp.

(b) Lower lip not extending across chin.

. 35-37 2, 3, 16; dorsal with 8 branched

rays; lower jaw with a sharp edge and

sometimes with a small mental lobe ;

posterior barbel as long as or a little

shorter thaneye .. .. .. .. .. 17. B. aureus, Cope.

3. Dorsal fin originating in advance of ventrals.

(a) One or both lips produced into median lobes.

32— 33 2 rt 2, 14; dorsal with 8 branched

rays ; eed originating a little behind

origin of dorsal; both lips produced into

long pointed median lobes; posterior

barbel aslongaseye .. .. .. .. 18. B. lobochilus, Bley.

By? 3, 12; dorsal with 9 branched

rays; base of ventral below middle of

dorsal; both lips produced into more or

less pointed median lobes; posterior

gee. 2 longaseye .. .. .. .. 19. B. zambesensis, Peters.

30- 39 | a 2-24, 12; dorsal with 9-10

branched rays; base of ventral below

middle of dorsal; both lips produced

into obtusely pointed median lobes ;

posterior barbel a little shorter than

GG od 06 @o 45 co od oo oo Al JBeepiloas, eile

28-30 ~~?, 23-3, 12; dorsal with 9

branched rays, last simple ray seg-

mented ; base of ventral below middle

or anterior third of dorsal; both lips

produced into obtusely pointed median

lobes posterior barbel a little shorter

WothMeN Lda GG noose Won Winns ace mo) Vibe gunningi, n. sp.

370 Annals of the South African Museum.

Sc. 28-30 pa 2, 12; dorsal with 9 branched

rays, last simple ray segmented ; base

of ventral below middle of dorsal ; lower

lip with a small mental lobe, lower jaw

rather sharp-edged ; posterior barbel #

toaslongaseye .. .. .. .. .. 22. B. swierstre,n. sp.

(b) Lower lip continuous on chin, without lobe.

4 : 2

Se. 28 Z. 2, 12; dorsal with 9 branched

rays, the anterior rays much elongate ;

lips thick ; posterior barbel 4 diameter

of eye 30 00 50 of go do om Pein JES MMOs, Ibias,

* Lower jaw with an angular edge,

al <

Se. 30-32 By? 24-3, 12; dorsal with 8-9

branched rays; anal ii 5; caudal ped-

uncle 14-14 times as longas deep .. 24. B. rhodesianus, Bler.

5 . ~

Se. 30-31 oa. 24, 12; dorsal with 8 branched

oe se

rays; anal iii 5; caudal peduncle not

longer thandeep .. .. .. .. .. 25. B. victoria, Blgr.

Sc. 30 =) 3, 12; dorsal with 9 branched

rays; snout pointed, prominent; scales

lateeGen og =.) ese pene ae 126, 62. "asus, Gilchr.andelhomp:

Se. 28-30 i 24-3, 12; dorsal with 9

branched rays, last simple ray sev-

mented; anal iii 5 i ee eee sa Uiensismmnmsy):

vie

** Lower jaw without angular edge.

Se. 41-44 @, 4-5, 16-18; dorsal with 9

83"

branched rays, last simple ray seg-

MeEMied Fry pe Vie yee, eens 200 Besecbenmnepe

Se. 35 28 24, 14; dorsal with 8 branched

rays, border straight or feebly concave ;

caudal peduncle 1} timesaslongasdeep 29. B. fairbairnii, Bler.

Se. 32 42 9 12; dorsal with 9 branched

42 x)

rays, border concave ; caudal peduncle

slightly longer than deep... .. .. 30. B. codringtonii, Bler.

II. Exposed surface of scales with radiating canals which, as a rule, are very

numerous in the species with small scales and less numerous, or even

restricted to a few, in those with large scales; dorsal fin with 6-8 (rarely 9)

branched rays, anal with 5 (rarely 6).

A. Last simple ray of dorsal enlarged, bony, forming a strong spine which is not

serrated behind ; two barbels on each side.

Se. 30-34 3, 3-4, 14-16; dorsal with 8 (rarely 7)

branched rays... :. =. %. %. «. «. «« 9. Bl trimacwlatus: Peters.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 371

. B. serra, Peters.

. B. paludinosus, Peters.

B. brookingi, n. sp.

LB. hamiltoni, n. sp.

B. longicauda, Bler.

B. rapax, Stdr.

B. argenteus, Giinth.

B. kerstenii, Peters.

B. Last simple ray of dorsal more or less enlarged, bony—at least in the basal

third—and serrated behind; two barbels on each side.

(a) Base of ventral fin entirely in advance of dorsal.

771

Se. 42-43 a 4-5, 20; dorsal with 8 branched rays ;

mouthiterminale., <2 2245 a ok eas fee a2

rays (rarely 8) Po) ero ou.) AG one ach mera, st)

‘ 5% :

Se 33 34, 14; dorsal with 7 branched rays ip ee

Se. 29-30 roe 23, 16; dorsal with 8 branched rays .. 35.

(D) Base of ventral entirely or partly below dorsal.

* Anal with 5 branched rays.

Sc. 35-37 S 3, 14; dorsal with 7 branched rays; first

ray of ventral slightly in advance of dorsal epoOs

Se oe eee S ae age ps

Se. 30-33 Freee 24-3, 14; dorsal with 8 branched

rays; ventral below or partly in advance of

anterior rays of dorsal; mouth terminal ; caudal

peduncle 1? to twice as long as deep .. .. .. 37.

: 1 ,

Se. 29-33 = 24-3, 12-14; dorsal with 8 branched

LAYS 5 erential below anterior rays of dorsal

mouth sub-inferior; caudal peduncle 13 to 12

times as long as deep 38.

Se. 26 4 2. 2,12; dorsal with 7 branched rays; base

of ventral almost entirely in advance of dorsal;

pectoral reaching or scarcely reaching caudal;

caudal ae: twice aslongasdeep.. .. .. 39.

Se. 24-26 a. 23, 12; dorsal with 7 branched rays ;

base of ventral partly in advance of dorsal;

pectoral not reaching caudal; caudal peduncle

1g tolZaslongasdeep.. .. .. .. .. .. 40. 2B

** Anal with 6 branched rays.

spine strongly serrated in its upper half .. .. 43.

B. eutenia, Bley.

B. capensis, A. Smith.

B,. trevelyani, Giinth-

. 39-40 * = 4, 16; dorsal with 8 branched rays;

base of Conia below middle of dorsal... .. .. 41.

Last simple ray of dorsal enlarged, bony, more or less distinctly serrated

behind ; a single barbel on each side.

. 33-36 as 3-4, 14; dorsal with 7 branched rays,

3202

fae feebly serrated in its upper part only.. .. 42.

5 oll ie 24, 16; dorsal with 8 branched rays, its

BL. serrula, vn. sp.

372 Annals of the South African Museum.

D. Last simple ray of dorsal not enlarged, or but feebly enlarged, not serrated.

1. Two barbels on each side.

(a) Lateral line complete.

* Ventral originating wholly or partly in advance of dorsal.

Sc. 32-34 qo 34-44, 12-14; dorsal with 7

branched rays, border straight; ventral

wholly or partly anterior; pectoral not

reaching ventral .. .. .. .. .. «.. 44. B. vulneratus, Cast.

Se. 32-33 a 4-43; dorsal with 7 branched

rays, border convex; ventral originating

a little in advance of dorsal; pectoral

reaching ventral .. .. .. .. .. .. 45. B. motebensis, Stdr.

** Ventral originating below anterior rays of dorsal.

Se. 33-38 7 , 4, 12; dorsal with 7 branched

rays ; A tol not reaching ventral .. .. 46. B. burchelli, A. Smith.

Se. 31-33 4 3, 12; dorsal with 7 branched

rays ; pectoral nearly reaching ventral .. 47. B. burgi, Bley.

Se. 31-35 oe 13-23, 12; dorsal with 7

branched rays; posterior barbel 1 to 14

diameter of eye .. .. .. .. .. .. 48. B. gurneyi, Giinth.

Se. 30 ie 24, 12; dorsal with 8 branched rays,

border feebly concave; caudal peduncle 13

as long as deep .. .. .. .. .. .. 49. B. lineomaculatus, Blgr.

Se. 29 5 4 24, 12; dorsal with 8 branched rays,

Poel straight ; caudal peduncle twice as

long as deep; anal with only 2 spines .. 50. B. viviparus, M. Web.

Se. 27-30 sath 2-24, 12; dorsal with 8 branched

4-42”

rays; posterior barbel as long as or a little

ue thaneye .. .. >. «. «. «. Ol. B. wniteniatus, Ginth,

Se. 26-27 2 3) 2; dorsal with 8 branched rays ;

pectoral reaching ventral; posterior barbel

a little shorter than eye .. .. .. .. 52. B. radiatus, Peters.

*** Base of ventral wholly below dorsal.

Se. 35 33, 14; dorsal with 8S branched

rays; ventral below anterior half of

dorsal; upper lip with a median lobe .. 53. B. labialis, n. sp.

Sc. 33-36 73, 3-34, 14-16; dorsal with 8

branched rays; base of ventral behind

anterior rays of dorsal.. .. .. .. .. 54. B. macrurus, n. sp.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 373

Se. 29-31 — 24-3, 12; dorsal with 8-9

branched — rays; posterior barbel 4-3

diameter of eye; snout projecting very

slightly beyond mouth; ventral below

middle of dorsal .. .. .. .. .. +... Oo. B. inermis, Peters.

(b) Lateral line incomplete.

Se. 27-29 ae 23-34, 12; dorsal with 7-8

branched rays; anal with 2 spines; lateral

line on 8-15 scales only .. .. .. .. 56. B. hemipleurogramma, Blgr.

2. A single barbel on each side.

to}

(a) Dorsal with 7 (rarely 6) branched rays.

Sc. 37-42 aoe 5-6, 18-20; mouth inferior .. 57. B. asper, Blgr.

Sc. 32-38 222 33.5 14-16; mouth sub-inferior 58. B lus, M. Web

$ 5TH 4-5, 14-16; mouth sub-inferior . B. anoplus, M. Web.

Sc. 36 es 5, 16; mouth terminal; anal with

2 se S660 oo oo 66 So 00 oo BBE Joe Irons, ins Go

Sc. 28- ie a8 3,12; mouthinferior .. .. .. 60. B. afer, Peters.

b) Dorsal with 8 branched rays ; barbel minute, if present.

(

Se. 27-28 a 2,12; mouthinferior .. .. .. 61. B. rogersi, Blgr.

* 1. BarBus PoLyLeris, Bler.

Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 308, fig., and Cat. Fresh. Fish.

Att U, 9p. 2 ties (lott).

am, Av ye

Meuenersrencncccs

{ AAR WA 7

as WN 6 é AAO eX )

SEI YM

EZ SAE

Fic. 34.—Barbus polylepis.

“Depth of body 4+ times in total length, length of head 3} times.

Snout rounded-subacuminate, 3 times in length of head, feebly

projecting beyond mouth; eye 44 times in length of head, interorbital

374 Annals of the South African Museum.

width 34 times; mouth small, inferior, its width 4 times in length of

head; lips well developed, lower continuous across chin ; two barbels

on each side, sub-equal in length, 2 diameter of eye.

Dorsal iii 8; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border concave ; last simple ray strong, bony, not serrated, its rigid

part 2 length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching root of caudal.

Pectoral 2 length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below

anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep.

Scales longitudinally striated, 43 5,, 5 between lateral line and

ventral, 18 round caudal peduncle.

Olive-grey above, white beneath.

Total length 120 mm.

Klein Olifant River, Limpopo System.’

2. BARBUS HOLUBI, Stdr.

(Geel-visch, Yellow-fish.)

Steind., Sitz. Ak. Wien, ciii., i., 1894, p. 449, pl. ti, fig. 1; M.

Weber, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., x., 1897, p. 151; Bouleng., Ann. and

Mag. N.H. (7), x., 1902, p. 424, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p 309,

and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 22, fig. 4 (1911).

Depth of body 34 to 4,4, times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 3? to 4,3, times. Snout rounded, feebly projecting

Fig. 35.—Barbus holubi. 4.

beyond mouth, 22 to 3% times in length of head; eye 33 (young) to

64 times in length of head, interorbital width 2$ to 4 times ; mouth

sub-inferior, its width 2+ to 4,4 times in length of head; lips

moderately developed, lower continuous across chin, sometimes with

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 375

a small median lobe. Two barbels on each side, posterior equal to

or generally a little longer than anterior, # to 14 times diameter

of eye.

Dorsal iv 8; equally distant from eye or occiput and from root of

caudal, or a little nearer latter, border slightly concave ; last simple

ray strong, bony, not serrated, nearly straight, 4 to + length of head.

Anal 111 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral = to ,°, length of head, not

reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal, the

origin of which falls a little behind to slightly in front of 1st ray of

ventral. Caudal peduncle 12 to 24 times as long as deep. Scales

longitudinally striated, 34-43 — 34 to 44 between lateral line and

ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), brown or yellowish brown above,

lighter beneath.

Six specimens, ranging from 141-360 mm. in length, from Zak

River, Fraserburg, Cape Province (Mr. Jacobs).

One specimen, 151 mm. in length, from Kraai River, Barkly East,

Cape Province.

Four specimens, ranging from 148-169 mm. in length, from Kraai

River, Aliwal North, Cape Province.

Two specimens, 144 mm., 191 mm. in length respectively, from

Durban Museum.

One specimen. 107 mm. in length, from Fish River, German 8.W.

Africa.

Hight specimens, ranging from 82-133 mm. in length, from Six-

mile Spruit, Pretoria, Transvaal.

One specimen, 147 mm. in length, from Dwaars River, Transvaal.

Three specimens, ranging from 117-163 mm. in length, from Mooi

River, Potchefstroom, Transvaal (H. Fry).

Seven specimens, ranging from 105-255 mm. in length, from

Potchefstroom (river near hatchery), Transvaal.

Four specimens, ranging from 102-157 mm. in length, from

Vereeniging, Transvaal.

Three specimens, ranging from 51-73 mm. in length, from Modder

River. Cape, Free State.

Two specimens, 166 mm., 181 mm. in length respectively, from

Pienaars River, Transvaal (C. J. Swierstra).

3. BARBUS LINEOLATUS, ND. sp.

Depth of body 34 to 32 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head about 34 times, Snout rounded, 3 times in length of

376 Annals of the South African Museum.

head; diameter of eye 5! to 64 times in length of head, interorbital

width about 3 times ; mouth sub-inferior, its width 34 to 32 times in

length of head ; lips moderately developed, lower rather sharp-edged

and with a slight median lobe. Two barbels on each side, sub-

equal or posterior slightly the longer, 1 to 14 times diameter

of eye.

Dorsal iii 8 ; equally distant from occiput and from root of caudal,

or slightly nearer to occiput, border feebly concave ; last simple ray

moderately enlarged, bony, not serrated, its rigid part 4 to # length

of head. Anal ui 5; scarcely reaching caudal. Pectoral # to #

Fic. 36.—Barbus lineolatus. 4.

length of head, not reaching ventral ; base of latter below or partly

in advance of anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 14 to 1$

times as long as deep. Scales longitudinally striated, 40-41 i

4-44 between lateral line and ventral, 16-18 round caudal

peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), greenish brown, slightly darker

above than below; fins tipped with black; scales with a median

light-coloured bar or band, forming together regular longitudinal

lines on the body.

Three specimens, 243 mm., 264 mm., 272 mm. in length

respectively, from Magalies River, Transvaal (C. J. Swierstra).

4. BARBUS ZULUENSIS, n. sp.

Depth of body 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length of

head 32 times. Snout rounded, 22 times in length of head; eye

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 377

62 times, interorbital width 3 times; mouth sub-inferior, its width

23 times in length of head; lips thin. Two barbels on each side,

sub-equal and nearly as long as diameter of eye.

Dorsal iii 8; nearer to occiput than to root of caudal, border

concave; last simple ray moderately enlarged, bony, not serrated

(broken in the specimen). Anal ii 5; scarcely reaching to caudal.

Pectoral 3 length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below

anterior can of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1,%, times as long as deep.

Scales longitudinally striated, 384, 3 between lateral line and

6p?

ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), dark grey above, whitish below ;

fins with a blackish tinge.

One specimen, 325 mm. in length, from M’Fongosi, Zululand

(W. E. Jones).

* 5. BARBUS MAREQUENSIS, A. Smith.

Barbus (Cheilobarbus) marequensis, A. Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr.

Fish., pl. x., fig. 2 (1841).

Barbus marequensis, Bouleng., Cat. Fresh, Fish. Afr., i, p. 36,

fie 16, 911).

“Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, nearly 4 times in

total length. Snout rounded, 3 times in length of head; eye 54

\ y

\ Ih 4 »

\/\ \ /

See

Fic. 37.—Barbus marequensis. 3.

times in length of head, interorbital width 24 times ; mouth inferior,

its width about + length of head ; lips well developed, the lower con-

tinuous across the chin; two barbels on each side, sub-equal, about

14 diameters of eye.

Dorsal ii 8; equally distant from occiput and from caudal, border

378 Annals of the South African Musewm.

scarcely emarginate; last simple ray rather feeble, bony, not

serrated, nearly 2 length of head. Anal iii 5; reaching root of

caudal. Pectoral = length of head, not reaching ventral; base of

latter slightly behind origin of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 14 times as

long as deep. Scales longitudinally striated, 33 =, 3 between lateral

line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Olive-brown above, yellow beneath; lips and barbels dull flesh-

colour ; fins pale yellow, shaded with dull yellowish brown.

Total length 350 millim.

Interior of South Africa.”

6. BARBUS KIMBERLEYENSIS, N. sp.

Depth of body 4+ times in total length excluding caudal, length of

head 34 times. Snout 3 times in length of head and 1,4 times in

postocular portion of head; eye 64 times in length of head, inter-

orbital width 4 times; mouth terminal, its width 23 times in length

of head; lips thick. Two barbels on each side, sub-equal and a little

longer than diameter of eye. A row of tubes, with open pores,

Fie 38.—Barbus kimberleyensis. 45.

extending from below nostrils round each orbit to origin of lateral

line and joined by a row across occiput.

Dorsal iv 9 ; its distance from occiput equals 1} times its distance

from root of caudal, border nearly straight; last simple ray strong,

bony, not serrated, nearly straight, its rigid part a little more than

4 length of head. Anal iii 5; scarcely reaching to caudal. Pectoral

nearly 52, length of head, not reaching to ventral; base of latter

partly in front of dorsal. Caudal peduncle nearly. twice as long as

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 379

deep. Scales longitudinally striated, 40 7, 3 between lateral line and

ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), greyish brown above, light yellow

below.

One specimen, 345 mm. in length, from Kimberley Reservoir,

Cape Province.

7. BARBUS ELEPHANTIS, Bler.

Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 310, fig., and Cat. Fresh. Fish.

Ati ll, ps los tig. 00; LOD):

Depth of body 3,3, to 34 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 34 to 43 times. Snout rounded, 3 to 3,3, times in

length of head; eye 4% to 5 times in length of head, interorbital

width 2,°, times; mouth inferior, feebly curved, its width 3,3, times

( Ke ¥;

Fic. 39.—Barbus elephantis.

in length of head; lower jaw with a sharp edge, lower lip restricted

to the sides. Two barbels on each side, anterior 4, to + diameter

of eye, posterior 1 to 14 times.

Dorsal iv 8; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border concave ; last simple ray strong, bony, not serrated, its rigid

part 2 to + length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal.

Pectoral 8 to + length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter

below terion rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as

deep. Scales longitudinally striated, 36-38 a 3-34 between lateral

line and ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), silvery, dark above, lighter

beneath.

Two specimens, 193 mm. 213 mm. in length respectively, from

M’Fongozi, Zululand (W. E. Jones).

It is also reported from the Transvaal.

380 Annals of the South African Museum.

8. Barsus sector, Bler.

Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 309, pl. xviii., fig. 2, and Cat.

Mresh: Hish, Air. ie, ps fo, te. a6) (LOI).

Depth of body 34 to 4 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 32 to 4 times. Snout rounded, projecting, 3 to 32

times in length of head, eye 34 to 33 times, interorbital width 22 to

3 times; mouth inferior, feebly curved, its width 3 times in length

of head; lips thin, lower jaw with a sharp edge, lower lip restricted

to the sides. Two barbels on each side, anterior + to 4 diameter of

eye, posterior 4 to 2.

Dorsal iv 9-10; equally distant from middle of eye and root of

caudal, border feebly concave; last simple ray scarcely enlarged,

Fic. 40.—Barbus sector.

ols

flexible, not serrated, nearly or quite equal to length of head.

Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral a little shorter than head,

not reaching ventral; base of latter below middle of dorsal. Caudal

peduncle about 14 times as long as deep. Scales longitudinally

striated, 29-30 = 2! between lateral line and ventral, 12 round

caudal peduncle,

Colour (of preserved specimens), silvery grey, darker above ; scales

dark at the base; dorsal and caudal fins with a dark shade.

One specimen, 139 mm. in length, from Gwelo River, Lomagundi

District, Rhodesia (J. Drury).

Two specimens, 117 mm., 51 mm. in length respectively, from

Livingstone, Rhodesia (A. Stephenson).

One specimen, 85 mm. in length, from Pienaars River, Transvaal

(C. J, Swierstra).

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 381

Two specimens, 110 mm., 80 mm, in length respectively, from

White River, East Transvaal (A. T. Cooke).

9. BARBUS COOKEI, N. sp.

Depth of body 3 times in total length excluding caudal, length of

head 4! times. Snout rounded, feebly projecting beyond mouth,

nearly 3 times in length of head; eye 5% times in length of head,

interorbital width 2,', times; mouth sub-inferior, its width 2} times

in length of head ; lips thin, lower restricted to the sides ; lower jaw

with a sharp keel covered with a horny sheath. Two barbels on

each side, anterior 3 diameter of eye, posterior nearly as long as eye.

Fic. 41.—Barbus cookei. 3.

Dorsal iii 9; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border concave ; last simple ray slightly enlarged, bony, not serrated,

shghtly longer than head. Anal ii 5; reaching caudal. Pectoral 1,1,

times as long as head, falciform, scarcely reaching ventral ; base of

latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, lobes

acutely pointed ; caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales

longitudinally striated, 28 7, 14 between lateral line and ventral, 14

round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), greenish, darker above than below ;

all fins except ventral edged with white; a dark diagonal band on

382 Annals of the South African Museum.

base of each lobe of caudal; scales on upper part of body edged

with black.

One specimen, 328 mm. in length, from Crocodile River, Transvaal

(A. 'T. Cooke).

10. BARBUS M’FONGOSI, n. sp.

Depth of body 3% times in total length excluding caudal, length of

head 3, times. Snout rounded, projecting considerably beyond

mouth, 24 times in length of head ; eye 5% times in length of head,

interorbital width 3 times; mouth inferior, its width 34 times in

length of head; lips strongly developed, lower continuous across

chin and produced into a rounded mental lobe as long as the eye.

Two barbels on each side, anterior ;°, diameter of eye, posterior 11

times. Profile from origin of dorsal to snout strongly curved.

Dorsal iv 8; equally distant from eye and root of caudal, border

concave ; last simple ray very strong, bony, not serrated, straight,

the rigid portion alittle more than * length of head. Anal iii 5; not

reaching caudal. Pectoral ;%, of head, not reaching ventral ; the base

of latter falling just behind 1st ray of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 14

times as long as deep. Scales longitudinally striated, 38 ne 34 between

lateral line and ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), silvery, darker above than below ;

fins darkish.

One specimen, 206 mm. in length, from M’Fongosi, Zululand

(W. E. Jones).

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 383

11. Barsus BrRucit, Blgr.

Barbus bruciti, Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 309, pl. XVlil.,

fig. 1, and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., i1., p. 80, fig. 58 (1911).

Depth of body 34 to 4 times in total length excluding caudal, length

of head 33 to 4,1, times. Snout rounded-sub-acuminate, 23 to 3

times in length of head, strongly projecting beyond mouth; eye 4?

to 52 times in length of head, interorbital width 3 to 3, times;

mouth inferior, its width 3 times in length of head; lips well deve-

loped, lower lip continuous and forming a short mental lobe, lower

jaw sharp-edged. Two barbels on each side, anterior = to ? diameter

of eye, posterior } to as long as eye.

Dorsal iv 9 ; equally distant from middle of eye and from root of

caudal, border concave; last simple ray enlarged, bony, flexible, not

serrated, 2 to + length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal.

Fia. 43.—Barbus brucit. 2.

Pectoral 2 to + length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter

below middle of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 12 to 14 times as long as

deep. Scales longitudinally striated, 28-29 +, 2 to 24 between

lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), darkish brown above, lighter

below ; scales with brown spots on their base.

Three specimens, ranging from 120-180 mm. in length, from

White River, Nelspoort, Transvaal (A. T. Cooke).

One specimen, 95 mm. in length, from Pienaars River, Transvaal

(C. J. Swierstra).

One specimen, 167 mm. in length, from Dwaars River, Transvaal.

One specimen, 71 mm. in length, from spruit at Pietersburg,

Transyaal.

384 Annals of the South African Museum.

12. BARBUS DWAARSENSIS, N. sp.

Depth of body equals length of head and is 32 times in total length

excluding caudal. Snout pointed, projecting beyond mouth, nearly

3 times in length of head; eye 4? times in length of head, inter-

orbital width nearly 3 times ; mouth sub-inferior, its width 3+ times

in length of head; lips moderately developed, lower with a mental

lobe about 4 diameter of eye in depth. Two barbels on each side,

anterior 2 diameter of eye, posterior as long as eye.

Dorsal iii 10 ; equally distant from middle of eye and from root of

caudal, border concave ; last simple ray moderately enlarged, bony,

not serrated, its rigid part 2 length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching

caudal. Pectoral $ length of head, not reaching ventral; base of

latter below middle of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as

deep. Scales longitudinally striated (some on the upper part of the

body appear to be slightly radiate), 27 a, 24 between lateral line and

ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), brown, darker above than below ;

about 3 faint longitudinal lines can be made out when the fish is dry ;

lower part of head and opercles light colour,

One specimen, 106 mm. in length, from Dwaars River, Trans-

vaal,

The species is near B. brucii, which, however, has 9 branched rays

in the dorsal fin.

13. BARBUS MENTALIS, N. sp.

Depth of body nearly 4 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 33 times. Snout rounded, about 4 length of head ;

Fie. 44.— Barbus mentalis, 3.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 385

eye 53 times in length of head, interorbital width nearly 3 times ;

mouth terminal, width 3,', times in length of head; lips very thick,

lower extending across chin, both lips produced into median lobes,

that on the upper lip jtriangular and low and the one on lower

lip rounded and about ? diameter of eye. Two barbels on each side,

posterior a little longer than anterior and nearly 14 times diameter

of eye. ;

Dorsal iv 8; a little nearer to occiput than to root of caudal,

border almost straight; last simple ray moderately enlarged, bony,

slightly curved, segmented down to its lower third, smooth, nearly

2 length of head. Anal iii 5; reaching caudal. Pectoral nearly as

long as head, not reaching ventral; base of latter nearly wholly in

advance of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1¢ times as long as deep.

ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), brownish on back, flesh-coloured

on sides and belly; many of the scales on upper part of the body

with a dark patch on base.

One specimen, 262 mm. in length, from Kimberley Reservoir,

Cape Province.

Scales longitudinally striated, 38-7, 3 between lateral line and

* BARBUS GILCHRISTI, Bler.

Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., pp. 88, fig. 66 (1911).

Fic. 45.—Barbus gilchristi. 2

7°

“Depth of body 43 times in total length, length of head 3% times.

Snout rounded, projecting beyond mouth, } length of head; eye

53 times in length of head, interorbital width 31 times; width of

mouth 3 times in length of head; lips very thick, lower extending

across chin, both produced into triangular lobes; two barbels on

386 Annals of the South African Musewm.

each side, posterior a little longer than anterior and slightly longer

than eye.

Dorsal iii 8; a little nearer root of caudal than occiput, border

slightly concave; last simple ray feebly enlarged, segmented down

to its lower third, smooth, about 2 length of head. Anal ii 5; not

reaching caudal. Pectoral 2 length of head, not reaching ventral ;

latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle nearly twice

as long as deep. Scales longitudinally striated, 42 2 4 between

lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle.

Olive-brown above, with small black spots, whitish beneath.

Total length 165 millim.

Kraai River, Barkly East, Cape Colony.

”

15. BarBus BOWKERI, Bley.

Barbus gurneyi, Giinth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 102 (1868).

Barbus bowkerz, Blgr., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (7), ix., 1902, p. 288, and

Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 89, fig. 67 (1911).

“Depth of body equal to length of head, 3% to 4+ times in total

length. Snout rounded, feebly projecting beyond mouth, about }

Fic. 46.—Barbus bowkeri.

length of head; eye 43 to 54 times in length of head, interorbital

width 22 to 3 times; width of mouth 34 to 4 times in length of

head ; lips thick, lower extending across the chin, where it may form

a small rounded lobe; two barbels on each side, posterior a little

longer than anterior and as long as or slightly longer than eye.

Dorsal ili 8-9; equally distant from occiput and from root of

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 387

caudal, border slightly concave; last simple ray not enlarged, flexible,

smooth, 3 to 2 length of head. Anal ii-iii 5; reaching or nearly

reaching caudal. Pectoral 2 to 2 length of head, not reaching

ventral ; latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Scales longitudinally

striated, 33-36 —_ 21 between lateral line and ventral, 14-16 round

caudal peduncle. Olive-brown above, silvery beneath.

Total length 255 mm.

Natal.”’

A specimen, 172 mm. in length, from Mazoe, Mashonaland

(J. f.f. Darling), resembles the above.

16. BARBUS ROBINSONI, Nn. sp.

Depth of body nearly 32 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 4 times. Snout rounded, 24 times in length of head,

eye a little more than 4 times, interorbital width 24 times; mouth

sub-inferior, its width 32 times in length of head; lips moderately

developed, lower with a small median lobe. Two barbels on each

side, anterior about 2 diameter of eye, posterior slightly longer

than eye.

Dorsal iv 9; situated nearer to root of caudal than to eye, border

concave ; last simple ray slightly enlarged, bony, flexible, segmented

down to its basal third, nearly as long as head. Anal ilid; reaching

to caudal. Pectoral nearly as long as head, not reaching ventral ;

base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1}

times as long as deep. Scales longitudinally striated 30 as 24 be-

tween lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), silvery, darker above than below ;

distal extremity of dorsal dark.

One specimen, 178 mm. in length, from Natal (Romer Robinson).

17. BarBus AuREus, Cope.

Labeobarbus aureus, Cope, Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc. (2), xui., 1869,

p. 406.

Barbus aureus, Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (7), xix., 1907,

p. 391, and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., i., p. 90, fig. 68 (1911).

Depth of body about equal to length of head, which is 3,4, to

3,°, times in total length excluding caudal. Snout rounded, feebly

projecting beyond mouth, 34 to 34 times in length of head; eye

42 to 44 times in length of head, interorbital width about 3 to 34

times ; mouth curved, its width 375 to 35 times in length of head;

388 Annals of the South African Museum.

lower jaw with a sharp rounded edge; lips thin, lower not extend-

ing across chin, sometimes with a small median lobe. Two barbels

on each side, equal or posterior the longer, as long as or a little

shorter than the eye.

Dorsal i 8; about equally distant from occiput and root of caudal,

border slightly concave; last simple ray not enlarged, flexible,

smooth, # to 4 length of head. Anal ii 5; scarcely reaching root

Fie. 47.—Barbus aureus. 4.

of caudal. Pectoral ? to + length of head, not reaching ventral ;

base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle

12 to 12 times as long as deep. Scales longitudinally striated,

35-37 2, 3 between lateral line and ventral, 16 round caudal

peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), yellowish brown, darker above.

Four specimens, ranging from 117-151 mm. in length, from

Natal (Durban Museum).

* 18. Barus Losocuiuus, Bier.

Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., 1i., p. 92, fig. 71 (1911).

“Depth of body equal to length of head, 4 times in total length.

Snout pointed, 3 times in length of head, eye 44 times in length of

head, interorbital width 3 times; mouth inferior, its width 4 times

in length of head; both lips much developed, each produced into

a long pointed median lobe; two barbels on each side; anterior

8 length of eye, posterior as long as eye.

Dorsal iv 8; equally distant from occiput and from root of caudal,

border concave; last simple ray not enlarged, smooth, 3 length of

head. Anal ii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral ? length of head,

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 389

not reaching ventral; base of latter a little behind origin of dorsal.

Caudal peduncle 1! times as long as deep. Scales longitudinally

Fic. 48.—Barbus lobochilus. 2.

striated, 32-33 a 2 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal

peduncle.

Dark olive above, yellowish beneath.

Total length 170 millim.

Natal.’

* 19. BARBUS ZAMBESENSIS, Peters.

Labeobarbus zambezensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 683,

and Reise Mossamb., iv., p. 49, pl. x., fig. 2 (1868).

Barbus zambezensis, Giinth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 105 (1868).

Barbus zambesensis, Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., 1, p. 91,

fig 10 (1911).

“Depth of body equal to length of head, 4 times in total length.

Snout about + length of head; eye 4 times in length of head, equal

to ineehoriitel width ; mouth inferior; both lps much developed,

each more or less produced into a pointed median lobe ; two barbels

on each side, posterior twice as long as anterior and as long

as eye.

Dorsal iv 9; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal, border

concave ; last simple ray not enlarged, smooth, nearly as long as

head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral shorter than head,

not reaching ventral; latter below middle of dorsal. Caudal peduncle

390 Annals of the South African Museum.

about 1} times as long as deep. Scales longitudinally striated,

32-34 2 3 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal

peduncle.

Bye

=a. Ky x 0

Fic. 49.—Barbus zanbesensis.

Upper parts and fins green, lower parts silvery tinged with yellow.

Total length 130 millim.

Zambezi. Types in Berlin Museum,”

* 20. Barbus CHILOTES, Bler.

Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (8), ii., 1908, p. 494, and Cat. Fresh.

Highs Atcs i. pgs, 1s. v2 LOld):

“Depth of body 34 times in total length, length of head 4 or 44

times. Snout rounded, about } length of head; eye 34 (young) to

5 times in length of head ; interorbital width 24 to 2? times ; mouth

inferior, its width 34 to 4 times in length of head; both lips much

developed, each more or less produced into an obtusely pointed

median lobe; two barbels on each side, posterior nearly twice as

long as anterior and a little shorter than eye.

Dorsal iii 9-10 ; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

or a little nearer latter, border concave ; last simple ray not enlarged,

flexible, smooth, 14 times as long as head. Anal iii 5; reaching or

nearly reaching caudal. Pectoral as long as head, not reaching

ventral; base of latter below middle of dorsal. Caudal peduncle

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 391

1} times as long as deep. Scales longitudinally striated, 30-32 7

2-24 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Fie. 50.—Barbus chilotes. 4.

Pinkish brown above, the scales edged with blackish, white

beneath ; fins dark grey.

Total length 235 millim.

Upper Zambezi.”

21. BaRBUS GUNNINGI, n. sp.

Depth of body 3} to 3+ times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 32 to 34 times. Snout obtusely pointed, not project-

ing beyond mouth, 2,°, to 2% times in length of head, eye 5 to 54

times, interorbital width 22 to 3 times; mouth sub-inferior, its

width 23 to 3 times in length of head; both lips greatly developed,

each more or less strongly produced into an obtusely pointed median

lobe. Two barbels on each side, anterior 4 to + diameter of eye,

posterior # to 1} times.

Dorsal iv 9; about equally distant from eye and from root of

caudal, or a little nearer to the latter; border concave; last simple

ray segmented, moderately enlarged, bony, not serrated, frém 5 to

392 Annals of the South African Museum.

1, length of head. Anal iii 5; reaching, or almost reaching, root of

caudal. Pectoral 2 to + length of head, not reaching ventral; base

of latter below middle or anterior third of dorsal. Caudal peduncle

1,2, to 14 times as long as deep. Scales longitudinally striated,

28-30 “a? 24-3 between lateral line and root of ventral, 12 round

caudal peduncle.

Fia. 51. Barbus gunningi. 4.

Colour (of preserved specimens), dark yellowish brown above,

lighter beneath.

One specimen, 238 mm. in length, from Thabina River, Transvaal.

Six specimens, ranging from 142-265 mm. in length, from Pienaars

River, Transvaal.

One specimen, 202 mm. in length, from Six-mile Spruit, Pretoria

District, Transvaal.

22. BARBUS SWIERSTRA, N. sp.

Depth of body 32 to 32 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 4 to 4,%, times. Snout blunt, 22 to 3 times in length

of head; eye 5} to 5% times in length of head, interorbital width

22 to 22 times; mouth inferior, its width 2% to 2+ times in length of

head; lips moderate, lower with a small mental lobe, lower jaw

rather sharp-edged. Two barbels on each side, sub-equal or posterior

the longer, = to about as long as eye. Snout and head covered with

minute tubercles,

Dorsal iv 9; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border slightly concave; last simple ray slightly enlarged, bony,

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 393

segmented down to basal third, nearly as long as head. Anal ii 5;

reaching caudal. Pectoral + to ;®, length of head, not reaching

ventral; base of latter below middle of dorsal. Caudal peduncle

11 to 14 times as long as deep. Seales longitudinally striated,

98-302, 2 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal

4)?

peduncle.

Fic. 52.—Barbus swierstre. 3.

Colour (of preserved specimens), dark brown above, yellowish on

sides and belly.

One specimen, 310 mm. in length, from Thabina River, Transvaal ;

One specimen, 258 mm. in length, from Dwaars River, Transvaal ;

One specimen, 231 mm. in length, from Magalies River, Transvaal ;

One specimen, 223 mm. in length, from Pienaars River, Transvaal

(C. J. Swierstra).

* 93. BARBUS ALTIDORSALIS, Bler.

Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (8), ii., 1908, p. 493, and Cat. Fresh.

Hish. Afr., ii., p. 101, fig. 80 (1911).

“Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 43 times.

Snout rounded, 34 times in length of head, with small nuptial

tubercles on its sides; eye 5 times in length of head, interorbital

width 24 times; mouth inferior, its width 3 times in length of head ;

lips thick, lower continuous across chin ; two barbels on each side,

equal, } diameter of eye.

Dorsal iii 9; equally distant from eye and from caudal; border

394 Annals of the South African Musewm.

deeply notched behind third branched ray; last simple ray not

enlarged, smooth, anterior branched rays also much elongate,

1; times length of head. Anal iii 5; reaching beyond root of caudal.

Pectoral a little longer than head, not reaching ventral; base of

latter below middle of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1+ times as long as

Fie. 53.—Barbus altidorsalis. 4.

deep. Scales longitudinally striated, 28 co 2 between lateral line and

ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Brownish above, the scales darker at the base, pink on the sides,

white beneath ; fins yellow, blackish towards the edge.

Total length 360 millim.

Upper Zambezi.”’

24. BARBUS RHODESIANUS, Blegr.

Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1902, ii., p. 14, pl. ii, fig. 2, Mem.

Manchest. Philos. Soc., li., 1907, No. 12, p. 2, and Cat. Fresh.

Fish. Afr., ii., p. 95, fig. 74 (1911).

‘Depth of body 34 to 3% times in total length, length of head

4 to 43 times. Snout rounded, } length of head; eye 32 to 4% times

in length of head, interorbital width 23 times; mouth inferior, its

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 395

width 34 to 4 times in length of head; lower jaw with angular

edge; lips thin, lower restricted to the sides; two barbels on each

side, sub-equal, about 4 diameter of eye.

Dorsal iti 8-9 ; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border notched; last simple ray not enlarged, flexible, smooth,

2 to 3 length of head. Anal ii 5; nearly reaching caudal. Pectoral

a little shorter than head, not reaching ventral, the base of which is

Fie. 54.—Barbus rhodesianus. 4.

below middle of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 13 to 1} times as long as

53?

deep. Scales longitudinally striated, 30-32 77, 24-3 between lateral

line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Dark olive-brown above, silvery below ; fins dark.

Total length 280 millim.

Mashonaland, N.E. Rhodesia (Zambesi System).”’

25. BARBUS VICTORIAE, Blgr.

Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (8), ii., 1908, p. 492, and Cat. Fresh.

High, Afe;, u-, p. 96, fig, To (1911).

“Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 44 times.

Snout rounded, + length of head; eye 5 times in length of head,

interorbital width 2} times; mouth inferior, its width 3 times in

length of head; lower jaw with a nearly straight sharp edge, covered

with a thin horny sheath; lips rather thick, papillose, lower re-

stricted to the sides ; two barbels on each side, anterior 3, posterior 4

diameter of eye.

Dorsal iv 8; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border concave; last simple ray not enlarged, flexible, smooth, 11

times length of head. Anal iii 5; nearly reaching caudal. Pectoral

as long as head, not reaching ventral, the base of which is below

396 Annals of the South African Museum.

middle of dorsal. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales longi-

tudinally striated, 30-31 o 24 between lateral line and ventral, 12

round caudal peduncle.

Fra. 55.—Barbus victoriae. 1,

Pinkish brown above, each scale blackish at the base; pinkish

white beneath; fins dark grey.

Total length 320 millim.

Upper Zambezi. Gorge below Victoria Falls, Zambezi River

(A. Stephenson).”’

26. BARBUS NASUTUS.

(“ Morobe ”’.)

Varicorhinus nasutus, Gilehr. and Thomp., Ann. and Mag. N.H.,

Ville, HOU, ps 477.

Depth of body 3,3; times in total length excluding caudal, length

of head 4,2, times. Width of head about $ its length; snout

pointed and prominent, 3 times diameter of eye and a little shorter

than postocular portion of head; eye lateral, 7 times in length of

head and 34 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth 2,%, times

in length of head ; lips moderately developed, lower restricted to the

sides ; lower jaw with a sharp edge; rostral flap pointed and over-

laps symphysis of upper jaw; a double row of papilla behind pre-

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 397

maxillary. Two barbels on each side, the posterior longer than

anterior and + diameter of eye.

Dorsal iv 9; border slightly emarginate; last simple ray not

enlarged, flexible, smooth, ,°, length of head and, as well as the first

2 branched rays, has a skinny flap on each side along the greater

part of the posterior edge. Anal i 5; similar to dorsal, reaches

base of caudal. Pectoral a little more than + length of head and

not reaching to ventral, which is inserted below posterior half or

middle of dorsal. Caudal forked; caudal peduncle 13 times as long

as deep. Scales longitudinally striated, 302, lateral line very in-

distinct anteriorly and marked on posterior half of body by small

round holes; 3 rows of scales between lateral line and ventral,

Fic. 56.—Barbus nasutus. 4.

12 round caudal peduncle. The scales on the body are very large,

those below posterior margin of dorsal being the largest and more

than twice diameter of eye; scales on the belly much smaller ; head

entirely scaleless.

Colour (of preserved specimen), bluish above, flesh-coloured below.

One specimen, 482 mm. in length, from the gorge below Victoria

Falls, Zambezi River (F. W. Sykes).

One specimen, 360 mm. in length, from Sabi River, Transvaal

(J. S. Hamilton).

27. BARBUS SABIENSIS, 0. sp.

Depth of body 34 to 34 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 4 to 43 times. Snout rounded, feebly projecting, 22

398 Annals of the South African Musewm.

to 24 times in length of head, eye 41 to 54 times, interorbital width

24 to 24 times ; mouth inferior, its width 2} to 34 times in length of

head; lips thin, lower restricted to the sides, lower jaw with an

angular edge. Two barbels, anterior 3 to ? diameter of eye, posterior

J, to slightly longer than eye.

Dorsal iv 9; originating in advance of ventrals, equally distant

from nostrils or eye and from root of caudal, upper border concave ;

last simple ray very slightly enlarged, bony, segmented down to its

basal third, about as long as head. Anal i 5; reaching or scarcely

reaching caudal. Pectoral + to 4%, length of head, not reaching

ventral, the base of which is below middle of dorsal. Caudal

peduncle 1} to 14 times as long as deep. Scales large, with slightly

wavy longitudinal striations, 28-30 2 24-3 between lateral line and

ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), dark or reddish brown above,

silvery beneath ; dorsal and caudal with a greenish tinge.

Two specimens, 368 mm., 205 mm., in length respectively, from

Sabi River, Transvaal (J. 8. Hamilton).

One specimen, 218 mm. in length, from Magalies River, Transvaal

(C. J. Swierstra).

Two specimens, 148 mm., 128 mm. in length respectively, from

Malalane, Transvaal (Rev. I’. A. Rogers).

This species closely resembles B. rhodesianus.

28. BARBUS SEEBERI, Nn. sp.

oles

Fre. 57.—Barbus seeberi. +

2 Depth of body 3$ to 4} times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 3 to 4 times. Snout rounded, feebly projecting

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 399

beyond mouth, 24 to 34 times in length of head; eye supero-lateral,

4% to 5 times in length of head, interorbital width 34 to 4 times ;

lips moderate, lower interrupted on chin. ‘Two barbels on each side,

posterior the longer, 2 to as long as eye.

Dorsal iv 9; equally distant from occiput and from root of caudal,

border concave; last simple ray not enlarged, flexible, segmented, not

serrated, 2 to + length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal.

Pectoral = to length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter

below middle of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1? times to nearly twice

as longas deep. Scales longitudinally striated, 41-44 = 4—5 between

lateral line and ventral, 16-18 round caudal peduncle. —

Colour (of preserved specimens), silvery grey, darker above than

below.

Three specimens, ranging from 95-102 mm. in length, from

Olifants River, Cape Province (Dr. Seeber).

29. BARBUS FAIRBAIRNH, Bley.

Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (8), ii., 1908, p. 493, and Cat. Fresh.

Mish wAir nit, p97, Heaven tor),

Fic. 58.—Barbus fairbairnii. +.

Depth of body 3,3, times in total length excluding caudal, length

of head nearly 44 times. Snout obtusely pointed, covered with

horny tubercles on top and sides, 24 times in length of head ; eye

64 times in length of head, interorbital width 2,5 times; mouth

400 Annals of the South African Museum.

inferior, its width 24 times in length of head; lips moderate, lower

restricted to the sides. Two barbels on each side, sub-equal, posterior

$3 diameter of eye.

Dorsal iii 8; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border feebly concave; last simple ray not enlarged, smooth, nearly

as longashead. Anal ili 5; reaching caudal. Pectoral 8, length of

head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below middle of dorsal.

Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales longitudinally

striated, 33 2, 24 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal

peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), brown, darker above than below ;

scales dark at the base.

One specimen, 445 mm. in length, from Zambezi River (A,

Stephenson).

* 30. Barpus CODRINGTONII, Blgr.

Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (8), ii., 1908, p. 492, and Cat. Fresh.

Hish{VAtr., Usp. 96, pe iia cloual)s

Fic. 59.— Barbus codringtonii. +.

“ Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 4 times.

Snout rounded, } length of head; eye 6 times in length of head,

interorbital width 23} times; mouth inferior, its width 3 times in

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 401

length of head ; lips moderately developed, lower broadly interrupted

on chin ; two barbels on each side, anterior 4, posterior 3 diameter

of eye.

Dorsal iii 9; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border concave; last simple ray not enlarged, flexible, smooth,

14 times as long as head. Anal iii 5; reaching caudal. Pectoral as

long as head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below middle of

dorsal. Caudal peduncle slightly longer than deep. Scales longitu-

dinally striated, 32 i 2 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round

caudal peduncle.

Brown above, the scales blackish at the base, pink on the sides,

white beneath; dorsals and ventrals yellow.

Total length 390 millim.

Upper Zambezi.”

31. BARBUS TRIMACULATUS, Peters.

Barbus trimaculatus, Peters, Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 683, and Reise

Mossamb., iv., p. 55, pl. xi., fig. 4 (1868); Giinth., Cat. Fish., vii.,

pp. 106 and 483 (1868), and Proc. Zool. Soc., 1893, p. 619; Steindr.,

Sitzb. Ak. Wien, ciii., i., 1894, p. 452; M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb. Syst.,

x., 1897, p. 151; Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., 11., p. 104, fig. 82

(191):

Barbus breyeri, M. Weber, t.c., p. 154.

Barbus katange, Bouleng., Ann. Mus. Congo Zool., i., p. 132,

pl. xlix., fig. 1 (1900), and Poiss., Bass. Congo, p. 224 (1901).

Barbus decipiens, Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (7), xix., 1907,

p. 492.

Depth of body 3 to 5 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 32 to 43 times. Snout rounded, as long as or a little

longer than the eye in adult; eye 31 to 41 times in length of head,

interorbital width 22 to 32 times; mouth sub-inferior, with lips

feebly developed and interrupted on chin. Two barbels on each

side, anterior ? to 11 times diameter of eye, posterior % to 1%

times.

Dorsal iii 8 (rarely ili 7); equally distant from anterior margin

or third of eye and from root of caudal, border slightly concave ;

last simple ray strong, bony, not serrated, nearly straight or slightly

curved, # to 14 times length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching

caudal. Pectoral 3 to once length of head, not reaching ventral;

base of latter below or partly in front of anterior rays of dorsal.

Caudal peduncle 14 to 24 times as long as deep. Scales radiately

402 Annals of the South African Museum.

striated, 30-34 24 3—4 between lateral line and ventral, 14-16 round

caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), brown above, yellowish or

silvery on sides and belly ; the markings are subject to considerable

variation. Usually there are 3 more or less distinct roundish or bar-

like spots on the body, the first 2 above the lateral line and situated

one in front and one behind base of dorsal, the third is at the base

of the caudal fin and is traversed by the lateral line. These spots

may sometimes be almost or entirely indistinguishable, or may be

reduced to 1 at the base of the caudal only; they may all 3 be con-

nected by a dark band, or the last 2 only may thus be joined,

sometimes a narrow dark line only traverses the 3 spots.

Forty-two specimens, ranging from 54-107 mm. in length, from

Dwaars River, Transvaal.

Fic. 60.—Barbus trimaculatus.

Three specimens, ranging from 74-85 mm. in length, from spruit

at Pietersburg, Transvaal.

Three specimens, ranging from 73-96 mm. in length, from Six-

mile Spruit, Transvaal.

Four specimens, ranging from 73-80 mm. in length, from Apjes

River, Transvaal.

Two specimens, 64 mm., 87 mm. in length respectively, from

Johannesburg, Transvaal.

Five specimens, ranging from 71-86 mm. in length, from

Thabeni and Letsetelli Rivers, Zoutpansberg District, Transvaal.

One specimen, 83 mm, in length, from Manzemntonto River,

Transvaal (J. S. Hamilton).

Three specimens, ranging from 70-76 mm. in length, from Sabi

River, Transvaal (Major Stevenson Hamilton).

Numerous specimens, ranging from 40-126 mm. in length, from

Ngwanetzi River, Transvaal (J. 8. Hamilton).

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa, 403

Twenty-one specimens, ranging from 72-116 mm. in length,

from Pienaars River, Transvaal (C. J. Swierstra).

Four specimens, ranging from 61-80 mm. in length, from

Magalies River, Transvaal (C. J. Swierstra).

Three specimens, ranging from 60-74 mm. in length, from White

River, Nelspoort, Transvaal (A. T. Cooke).

One specimen, 62 mm. in length, from Olifants River, Lydenburg

District, Transvaal.

Four specimens, ranging from 81-96 mm. in length, from Kafue

River (tributary of the Zambezi) (J. Drury).

Five specimens, ranging from 44-52 mm. in length, from

Umsindusi River, Mbombe District, Zululand. (Pietermaritzburg

Museum).

One specimen, 85 mm. in length, locality unknown.

This fish is also reported from Southern Angola.

32. BARBUS SERRA, Peters.

(fresh-water Snoek.)

Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1864, p. 394; Ginth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 94

(1868) ; Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 114, fig. 91 (1911).

Depth of body 4 to 5,1, times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 34 to 3% times. Snout rounded, ,3, to 2 length of

SoaAN.

woes %

MDD I ER

Fic. 61.—Barbus serra.

head; eye 3% to 6 times in length of head, interorbital width

3 to 4 times; mouth terminal, its width 3% to 4% times in length

of head; lips moderate, interrupted on the chin. Two barbels on

each side, equal, 1 to 1} times diameter of eye.

404 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Dorsal iv 8; equally distant from gill-opening and from root of

caudal, border slightly concave; last simple ray very strong, bony,

strongly serrated, serrated portion ? to $ length of head. Anal iii 5;

not reaching caudal. Pectoral 3? to 4+ length of head, nearly

reaching ventral; root of latter entirely in advance of dorsal.

Caudal peduncle 2 to 2} times as long as deep. Scales radiately

striated, 42-43 oe 4-5 between lateral line and ventral, 20 round

caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), darkish brown above, lighter

beneath, or silvery with a dark shade above; some specimens have

irregular dark patches or blotches on the body. Dr. Seeber, who

supplied the specimens from Olifants River, states that when alive

they were of a golden colour with a black stripe on sides; both

sexes being of the same colour, but the male easily distinguished

by its larger head. They are said to grow to a length of 24 feet.

Four specimens, ranging from 94 to 162 mm. in length, from

Olifants River, Transvaal (Dr. Seeber).

Three specimens, ranging from 50-85 mm. in length, from

Olifants River, Clanwilliam, Cape Province (C. J. Leipoldt).

33. BARBUS PALUDINOSUS, Peters.

Barbus paludinosus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 683, and

Reise Mossamb., iv., p. 51, pl. xi., fig. 1 (1868); Giinth., Cat.

Fish., viii, p. 102 (1868); Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii,

p. 115, fig. 92 (1911); M. Weber, Zool. Jahr. Syst., x., 1897, p. 151.

Barbus welwitschu, Ginth., t.c., p. 101.

Barbus vinciguerrai, Pfeiff., Thierw. O-Afr. Fische, p. 62 (1896).

Barbus macropristis, Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (7), xiii., 1904,

p. 449, and Fish. Nile, p. 241, pl. xlvi., fig. 2 (1907).

Barbus macropristis meruensis, LOnnb., Kilim.-Meru Exped. Fish.,

p. 3 (1907):

Depth of body 34 to 44 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 3 to 4 times. Snout rounded, about as long as the

eye, which is 34 to 44 times in length of head; interorbital width

21 to 34 times in length of head; mouth terminal or sub-inferior, its

width 3 to 4 times in length of head; lips feebly developed. Two

barbels on each side, anterior + to 2 diameter of eye, posterior 2 to

11 times.

Dorsal 11 7; equally distant from eye or occiput and from root

of caudal, border straight or slightly concave; last simple ray very

strong, bony, strongly serrated, # to 4%, length of head. Anal ii 5;

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 405

not reaching caudal. Pectoral 3 to ;°, length of head, reaching or

nearly reaching ventral; base of latter entirely in advance of dorsal.

Caudal peduncle 13 to 2+ times as long as deep. Scales radiately

striated, 33-36 stp 3-4 between lateral line and ventral, 16-18

round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), yellowish brown, darker on the

back than beneath, or silvery with a dark back; in many specimens

there is a more or less distinct dark lateral streak from above origin

of lateral line to base of caudal and the upper half of head and

opercles is dark.

Five specimens, ranging from 48-76 mm. in length, from Potchef-

stroom, Transvaal.

Fic. 62.—Barbus paludinosus.

Four specimens, ranging from 48-71 mm. in length, from Little

Olifants River, Middelburg, Transvaal.

Five specimens, ranging from 54-64 mm. in length, from Molopo

River, Transvaal.

Two specimens, 57 mm., 63 mm. in length respectively, from

Pretoria Zoological Gardens, Transvaal.

Three specimens, ranging in length from 54-60 mm., from

spruit at Pietersburg, Transvaal.

Numerous specimens from the Sabi, and Ngwanetzi Rivers; also

from the Mamzemntonto River, Transvaal (J. S. Hamilton).

Four specimens, ranging from 41-49 mm. in length, from Insiza,

Rhodesia (G. French),

It is also reported from East Africa to Angola, Orange River,

Natal; and, teste Schultze, has been found at Lobatsi, Bechu-

analand.

406 Annals of the South African Museum.

34. BARBUS BROOKINGI, n. sp.

Depth of body 32 times in total length excluding caudal, length of

head 4 times. Snout blunt, 32 times in length of head; eye 4+ times

in length of head, interorbital width 3% times ; mouth small, sub-

inferior, its width 32 times in length of head ; lips thick, lower cleft

in centre and jaw sharp-edged. Two barbels on each side, anterior

nearly 4 diameter of eye, posterior #. A groove across snout in front

of nostrils.

Dorsal iii 7; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border straight ; last simple ray feebly enlarged, feebly serrated at

as os

By)

2 es

distal extremity, curved, nearly # length of head. Anal in 5; not

reaching caudal. Pectoral nearly 2 length of head, not reaching

ventral; base of latter situated in advance of dorsal. Caudal ped-

uncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 33 At 34

between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), light yellowish brown ; a dark line

from above origin of lateral line to base of caudal, ending in a small

dark spot ; a dark line on back behind dorsal fin.

One specimen, 92 mm. in length, from East London, Cape Pro

vince (H. E. Brooking).

35. BARBUS HAMILTONI, N. Sp.

Depth of body 34 to 3% times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 32 to 4 times. Snout rounded, 3 times in length of

head, eye 32 to 4 times, interorbital width 3 to 32 times ; mouth sub-

inferior, its width 3 to 32 times in length of head; lips moderately

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 407

developed, lower continuous across chin. Two barbels on each side,

anterior 2 to 2 diameter of eye, posterior $ to as long as eye.

Dorsal iii 8 ; equally distant from middle or posterior border of eye

and from root of caudal, upper border concave; last simple ray

strong, bony, strongly serrated down to basal third, feebly curved, as

long as or a little shorter than head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal.

Pectoral 7, to + length of head, not or scarcely reaching to ventral ;

Fie. 64.—Barbus hamiltoni.

base of latter slightly in advance of anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal

peduncle 1? to 12 as long as deep. Scales radiately striated,

29-33 Zz 24 between lateral line and ventral, 16 round caudal

peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), silvery, brownish above ; a faint

dark lateral streak; scales with dark borders.

Three specimens, 67 mm., 68 mm., 72 mm. in length respectively,

from Sabi River, Transvaal (J. 5. Hamilton).

36. Barsus LoneicaupA, Blgr.

Barbus gibbosus (non C. and Y.), Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852,

p. 683; Giinth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 101 (1868); Peters, Reise Mos-

samb., iv., p. 52, pl. xi., fig. 2 (1868).

Barbus longicauda, Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1905, i., p. 63, and

Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., 1., p. 121, fig. 98 (1911).

Depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length excluding caudal, length

of head 31 to 32 times. Snout rounded, as long as the eye, which is

31 to 4 times in length of head, interorbital width 3 times; mouth

408 Annals of the South African Museum.

terminal; lps moderate. Two barbels on each side, anterior } to 2

diameter of eye, posterior about as long as eye.

Dorsal ii 7; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border nearly straight; last simple ray strong, bony, serrated, 2 to 7

length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral * to #

length of head, reaching or scarcely reaching to ventral; first ray

of latter slightly in advance of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 2 to 21 times

5s?

line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle.

ea (Li an

A A ee

Fic. 65.—Barbus longicauda.

Colour (of preserved specimens), pale brown, a little darker above

than beneath. In the living state they were markedly paler in

colour than specimens of B. anoplus found in the stream outside this

same cave.

Six specimens, ranging from 33-43 mm. in length, from a cave

at Wonderfontein, Transvaal.

It is also reported from the Lower Zambezi and Athi River System,

East Africa.

37. Barspus RAPAX, Stdr.

(Silver-fish.)

Steind., Sitzb. Ak. Wien, ciii., i, 1894, p. 451, pl. iv., fig. 2;

Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 307, and Cat. Fresh.

Bish. Airs adi pelo hie Jon (Lila).

Depth of body 32 to 4 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 3,8, to 3+ times. Snout rather pointed, 3} to 33

times in length of head, eye 4,%, to 6% times, interorbital width 33

to 44 times; top of head depressed; mouth terminal, its width

2* to 4 times in length of head; chin projecting (specially notable

in large specimens); lips moderate, interrupted on chin. Two

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 469

barbels on each side, anterior sometimes very feeble and 1 to 4

diameter of eye, posterior * to 3%, diameter of eye.

Dorsal iv 8; equally distant from centre of eye and from root

of caudal, border slightly concave; last simple ray strong, bony,

strongly serrated, the serrated part 2 to + length of head. Anal iii 5;

not reaching caudal. Pectoral 2 to * length of head, not reaching

ventral; the latter situated below or partly in front of anterior rays

of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 13 to twice as long as deep. Scales

¥ Vv~\

ie)

i, \ y YY y

/ »

f a LA

Fia. 66.—Barbus rapa.

radiately striated, 30-33 pa 24 to 3 between lateral line and ventral,

14 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), brown on back, yellowish on sides

and belly.

Nine specimens, ranging from 56-240 mm. in length, from Dwaars

River, Transvaal.

Three specimens, 127-226 mm. in length, from Pienaars River,

Transvaal (C. J. Swierstra).

It is also reported from Eastern Bechuanaland (Limpopo System).

* 38. BARBUS ARGENTEUS, Ginth.

Giinth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 103 (1868); Bouleng., Boll. Mus. Torin.,

xi., 1896, No. 260, p. 2, and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 136,

fig. 113 (1911).

‘Depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length, length of head 3} to4

times. Snout obtusely pointed, as long as eye, which is 34 to 4 times

410 Annals of the South African Museum.

in length of head ; interorbital width 3 to 34 times in length of head ;

mouth sub-inferior, its width 34 to 4 times in length of head ; lips

feebly developed ; barbels two on each side, posterior 1 to 14 times

as long as eye, anterior a little shorter.

Dorsal iii-iv 8; nearly equally distant from end of snout and from

root of caudal, or a little nearer latter, border slightly concave ; last

simple ray very strong, bony, strongly serrated, the serrated part 2 to

+ length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral 2 to 3

Fie. 67.—Barbus argenteus.

length of head, not quite reaching ventral ; latter below anterior rays

of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 14 to 1? times as long as deep. Scales

radiately striated, 29-35 2 24-3 between lateral line and ventral,

12-14 round caudal peduncle.

Uniform silvery, back brownish.

Total length 110 millim.

Angola ; Upper Zambezi.”

39. BARBUS KERSTENII, Peters.

Barbus kerstenii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1868, p. 601.

Barbus nigrolinea, Pfeff., Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Aust., vi., 2, 1889,

ps 19 and'x., 2) 1893, p30, pli i, mga.

Barbus kerstenii, Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 180, fig. 107

(SIL:

Depth of body 3,2, times in total length excluding caudal, length

of head 3? times. Snout rounded, as long as the eye, which is

33 times in length of head, interorbital width 2! times ; mouth

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 411

terminal, its width 33 times in length of head; lips thin. Two

barbels on each side, anterior 2 diameter of eye, posterior a little

longer than eye.

Dorsal iii 7; equally distant from eye and root of caudal, border

straight, last simple ray strong, bony, strongly serrated, its rigid

part nearly as long as head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal.

Pectoral + length of head, reaching ventral; base of latter almost

entirely in advance of dorsal. Caudal peduncle twice as long as

Fic. 68.—Barbus kerstenii.

deep. Scales radiately striated, 26 2 between lateral line and

ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), reddish brown on back, silvery on

belly; a faint lateral streak on body, extending on to head ; a faint

dark spot at base of dorsal.

One specimen, 45 mm. in length, from Komati Poort, Transvaal.

It is also reported from Kilimanjaro and Masai Districts, German

East Africa.

40. BarBus EUTANIA, Bler.

Barbus kessleri, Giinth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 107 (1868).

Barbus eutenia, Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (7), xiv., 1904,

p. 218, and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 131, fig. 108 (1911).

Barbus miolepis, Bouleng., Mem. Manchest. Lit. and Phil. Soc., li,

1907, No. 12, p. 2.

Depth of body 3% to 3%, times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 3! to 4 times. Snout rounded, as long as or

slightly longer than the eye, which is 3} to 4} times in length of

head, interorbital width 24 to 34 times; mouth terminal, its width

22 to 33 times in length of head; lips feebly developed. Two

barbels on each side, sub-equal or posterior a little longer than

anterior and 1 to 1! times diameter of eye.

Dorsal iii 7; situated midway between eye or occiput and root of

caudal, border straight; last simple ray strong, bony, strongly

412 Annals of the South African Musewm.

serrated, its rigid part 2 to & length of head. Anal iii 5; not

reaching caudal. Pectoral 3} to ? length of head, not reaching

ventral; base of latter partly in advance of dorsal. Caudal

peduncle 14 to 1% times as long as deep. Scales radiately striated,

24-26 a, 2-24 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal

peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), light yellowish brown, darker

above than below; an indistinct, straight, darkish lateral band

Fia. 69.—Barbus eutenia.

sometimes extending from end of snout through eye to caudal; a

darkish spot at base of dorsal fin.

Four specimens, ranging from 52-66 mm. in length, from White

River, Nelspoort, Transvaal (A. 'T. Cooke).

One specimen, 52 mm. in length, from Olifants River, Pretoria

District (Pretoria Museum).

It is also reported from Angola and Rhodesia.

41. BarBus capensis, A. Smith.

(Witte-visch, Whitefish, Baardman or Bartman).

Barbus (Chetlobarbus) capensis, A. Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr. Fish.,

pl. x., fig. 1 (1841).

Barbus capensis, Giinth., Cat. Fish., vil., p. 98 (1868); Bouleng.

Cat: Hreghe Hish. Airs, 1%, pa 123,.e. 100 51910):

Depth of body 3% to 42 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 32 to 3% times. Snout rounded, 2} to 2 times in

length of head, eye 5 to 7 times, interorbital width 3+ to 3% times;

mouth terminal or sub-inferior, its width 32 to 42 times in length of

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 413

head ; lips well developed, interrupted on chin. Two barbels on

each side, sub-equal, 14 to 1,%, diameter of eye.

Dorsal iii 8 ; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal, or

a little nearer to the latter, border slightly concave ; last simple ray

strong, bony, serrated, the serrated portion ? to 4 length of head.

Anal iii 6; not reaching caudal. Pectoral * to #? length of head,

not reaching ventral; base of latter below middle of dorsal Caudal

peduncle 14 to 14 times as long as deep. Scales radiately striated,

39-407, 4 between lateral line and ventral, 16 round caudal

peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), dark brown above, lghter

beneath.

Fic. 70.—Barbus capensis. 7.

‘

Four specimens, ranging from 194-270 mm. in length, from Breede

River, Goudini Road, Cape Province (D. W. Manning).

Two specimens, 226 mm., 154 mm. in length respectively, from

Dwaars River, Ceres, Cape Province (C. A. R. Breet).

One specimen, 96 mm. in length, from Zonder End River, Caledon,

Cape Province.

One specimen, 170 mm. in length, from Natal (Durban Museum).

This fish is said to be very plentiful at times in the Breede River,

ascending the stream in shoals during the spawning season—the

latter part of November—and rising freely to an artificial fly,

though worms, grasshoppers, &c., are the usual lure. To the

angler it affords good sport, but it is not much esteemed for

eating, the flesh being somewhat tasteless and the bones trouble-

some.

414 Annals of the South African Museum.

42. BARBUS TREVELYANI, Giinth.

Ginth., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (4), xix., 1877, p. 313; Bouleng., Cat.

Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 148, fig. 119 (1911).

Depth of body 32 to 4,1, times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 3% to 44 times. Snout rounded, 3 to 34 times in

length of head; eye 4 to 44 times in length of head, interorbital

width 2 to 22 times; mouth small, inferior : lips moderate. A

single barbel on each side, 4 to + diameter of eye.

Dorsal ii 7 ; equally distant from middle of eye and from root of

caudal, border straight ; last simple ray rather strong, bony, finely

of bX 1S

yan Ws Ay AAAI is: Sos an

iy Oe Can iy Ly adercrdaay

==) \/ Ny) ddd <

a iy eee =

ARDY SS

DR \

si <A

[fs

Fic. 71.—Barbus trevelyani.

serrated on its upper part only, the rigid portion of ray 7 to 7

length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral about 4

length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter partly or almost

entirely in front of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 12 to nearly twice as

long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 33-36 a 3-4 between

lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal peduncle.

_ Colour (of preserved specimens), brown, dark above and lighter

beneath ; a dark streak on each side from above origin of lateral line

to a round dark spot at root of caudal.

Seven specimens, ranging from 68-82 mm. in length, from Buffalo

River, King William’s Town, Cape Province.

43. BARBUS SERRULA, 0. sp.

Depth of body 3% times in total length excluding caudal; length

of head 31 times. Snout rounded, 32 times in length of head; eye

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 415

521 times, interorbital width 44 times; mouth terminal, its width 33

times in length of head; lips feebly developed. A single barbel on

each side, 2 diameter of eye.

Dorsal iii 8 ; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border slightly concave; last simple ray strong, bony, straight,

strongly serrated in its upper half, its rigid part # length of head.

Anal iii 5 ; not reaching caudal. Pectoral nearly } length of head,

Fic. 72.—Barbus serrula, }y°.

scarcely reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of

dorsal. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales radiately

striated, 31 tp 24 between lateral line and ventral, 16 round caudal

peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), reddish brown above, silvery on

sides and belly.

One specimen, 116 mm. in length, from Pienaars River, Trans-

vaal (C. J. Swierstra).

44, BARBUS VULNERATUS, Cast.

? Barbus gobionoides, Cuv. and Val., Hist. Poiss., xvi., p. 189

(1842).

Gnathendalia vulnerata, Casteln., Mem. Poiss. Afr. Austr.,

p. 57 (1861).

Barbus multimaculatus, Steindr., Sitzhb. Ak. Wien, 1xi,, i., 1870,

p-. 633, pl. iii., fig. 2.

416 Annals of the South African Museum.

Barbus vulneratus, Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (7), xvi.,

1905, p. 45, and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., i, p. 148, fig. 125

(@leuhiee

Depth of body about equals length of head, which is 3% to 4 times

in total length excluding caudal. Snout rounded, 3 to 4 times in

length of head; eye 43 to 54, times in length of head, interorbital

width 3 to 32 times; mouth small, inferior; lips moderate. Two

barbels on each side, posterior longer than anterior, and + to 14

times diameter of eye.

Dorsal iii 7; equally distant from nostrils, eye, or occiput and

from root of caudal, border straight; last simple ray not enlarged,

not serrated, * to =2, length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal.

Pectoral 2 to * length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter

Fic. 73.—Barbus vulneratus.

wholly or partly anterior to dorsal. Caudal peduncle 12 times to

twice as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 32-34 Ry 34-44

between lateral line and ventral, 12-14 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), brown above, lightish beneath ;

a dark streak or spot through scales forming a longitudinal streak

from origin of lateral line to caudal.

Four specimens, ranging from 42 to 67 mm. in length, from

Yokeskei River (tributary of the Crocodile River), Transvaal.

Three specimens, ranging from 60-73 mm. in length, from

Baakens River, Port Elizabeth, Cape Provinces (Port Elizabeth

Museum).

Two specimens, 52 mm., 78 mm. in length respectively, from

Zwartkops River, Port Elizabeth, Cape Province.

It is recorded also from Zonder Hinde River, Cape Province.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 417

* 45. BARBUS MOTEBENSIS, Stdr.

Steind., Sitzb. Ak. Wien, ciii., i, 1894, p. 453, pl. ii., fig. 2, and

Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 147, fig. 123 (1911).

‘‘ Depth of body equal to length of head, about 34 times in total

length. Snout rounded, 3 times in length of head; eye 41 times in

length of head, interorbital width 3 times; mouth small, sub-

inferior; two barbels on each side, anterior about 4 as long as

posterior, which is a little longer than eye.

Dorsal iii 7; equally distant from eye and from caudal, border

convex ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, nearly as long as

Fic. 74.—Barbus motebensis.

head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral nearly as long as

head, reaching ventral; latter originating a little in advance of

dorsal. Caudal peduncle nearly twice as long as deep. Scales

radiately striated 32-33 22 4-41 between lateral line and ventral.

A dark lateral streak from above lateral line to root of caudal; a

dark spot at base of dorsal.

Total length 90 millim.

Motebe River, Upper Notuany River, Marico District.

Transvaal.”’

46. BaRBUS BURCHELLI, A. Smith.

Barbus (Pseudobarbus) burchelli, A. Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr. Fish.,

pl. xi., fig. 1 (1840).

Barbus burchelli, M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., x -ESo7,

p. 153; and Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 146, fig. 122

(EG):

Depth of body 34 to 4} times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 31 to 41 times. Snout rounded, 2% to 32 times in

418 Annals of the South African Musewn.

length of head, eye 4 to 5% times, interorbital width 23 to 32 times ;

mouth inferior, lips moderate. Two barbels on each side, anterior 4 to

1 diameter of eye, posterior 2 to 12. A row of small pores from

nostrils round each orbit to origin of lateral line on each side, con-

nected by a row across occiput. In one specimen there are pearl-

like tubercles on the head.

Dorsal iii 7; equally distant from eye or occiput and from root of

caudal, border straight; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated,

2 to 5%, length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral

2 to + length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below

anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1? to 21 times as long as

deep. Scales radiately striated, 33-38 °=*, 4 between lateral line

Gee

and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Fia. 75.—Barbus burchelli.

Colour (of preserved specimens), brown, dark above and lighter

beneath ; occasionally some of the scales are darker in the

centre.

Seven specimens, ranging from 72-104 mm. in length, from

Eerste River, Stellenbosch, Cape Province (lL Péringuey).

Two specimens, 89 mm., 97 mm. in length respectively, from

Eerste River, Stellenbosch, Cape Province (Dr. Kruger).

Six specimens, ranging from 56-81 mm. in length, from Berg

River, near Paarl, Cape Province (Mr. Brown).

Two specimens, 72 mm.,75 mm. in length respectively, from

Robertson, Cape Province (L. Keet).

Three specimens, ranging from 53-80 mm. in length, locality

unknown,

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 419

47. BarBus Bural, Bler.

Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 147, fig. 124 (1911).

Depth of body equal to or a little greater than length of head,

32 to 44 times in total length cxcluding caudal. Snout rounded, as

long as the eye, which is 34 to 32 times in length of head; inter-

orbital width 3 to 34 times in length of head; mouth small, inferior ;

lips moderate. Two barbels on each side, anterior about 2 length of

posterior, which is 4 to 3 diameter of eye.

Dorsal 117; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border nearly straight; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated,

Fie. 76.—Barbus burgi.

almost as long as head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral

+ length of head, nearly reaching to ventral; base of latter below

anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 2! to 24 times as long as

deep. Scales radiately striated, 31-33 a 3 between lateral line and

ventral, 12 round caudal pedunele.

Colour (of preserved specimens), dark brown above, lighter beneath ;

an indistinct dark lateral band on posterior half of body.

Three specimens, ranging from 50-55 mm. in length, from Berg

River, near Paarl, Cape Province (Mr. Brown).

* 48. BARBUS GURNEYI, Giinth.

Giinth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 102 (1868), part.; Bouleng., Ann. and

Mag. N.H. (7), ix., 1902, p. 288, and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr.,.ii.,

p. 150, fig. 127 (1911).

“Depth of body equal to or a little less than length of head,

32 to 34 times in total length. Snout rounded, 31 to 34 times in

length of head; eye 34 (young) to 5 times in length of head, inter-

420 Annals of the South African Museum.

orbital width 3 to 34 times; mouth, terminal ; lips moderate ; two

barbels on each side, anterior 2 to 2 diameter of eye, posterior 1 to

14 diameters.

Dorsal iii 7; equally distant from eye and from caudal, border

slightly convex; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, $ to

2 length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral } to ¢

length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior

Fic. 77.—Barbus gurneyi.

rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 13 to 2 times as long as deep.

Scales radiately striated, 31-35 —s 13 to 24 between lateral line

and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Brownish above, silvery beneath; a rather indistinct dark streak

from above origin of lateral line to root of caudal, where it may end

in a small black spot.

Total length 100 millim.

Natal and Zululand.”’

49. BARBUS LINEOMACULATUS, Bler.

Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. N.H. (7), x1., 1903, p. 53, pl. v., fig. 3,

and Cat. Fresh’ Fish., Afr., ii., p. 159, fig. 186 (1911);

Hilgend., Zool. Jahrb. Syst., xxii., 1905, p. 415.

Depth of body equals length of head, which is 4 times in total

length, excluding caudal. Snout rounded, as long as the eye, which

is 41 times in length of head; interorbital width 2° times; mouth

small, sub-inferior; lips moderately developed. Two barbels on

each side, anterior 14 times diameter of eye, posterior 14 times.

Dorsal i1 8; equally distant from middle of eye and root of caudal,

border feebly concave; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated,

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 421

+ length of head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral ,/, length

of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays

of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 12 times as long as deep. Scales

radiately striated, 30 2 21 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round

caudal peduncle. ;

Colour (of preserved specimen), brownish, darker on the back; a

series of irregular black spots on each side, more or less connected

Fic. 78.—Barbus lineomaculatus.

by a dark lateral streak, all but the last spot being above the lateral

line.

One specimen, 34 mm. in length, from Insiza, Rhodesia (G.

French).

It is also reported from Lumi River, east side of Kilimanjaro,

flowing into Lake Jipi; and Bubu River, Masailand, East Africa.

50. Barsus viviparus, M. Web.

M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., x., 1897, p. 153; Bouleng., Cat.

resi, Hishe Air, 1, p. 170; fe: 147 (19i1),

Depth of body 43, times in total length excluding caudal, length

of head 41 times. Snout rounded, slightly less than diameter of

eye, which is 3! times in length of head; interorbital width 3 times

in length of head; mouth small, sub-inferior; lips thin. Two

barbels on each side, anterior 2 diameter of eye, posterior 1+ times.

Dorsal iii 8; equally distant from anterior margin of eye and from

root of caudal, border straight; last simple ray not enlarged, but

serrated, as long as head. Anal ii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral

+ length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior

rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales

radiately striated, 29 Z, 24 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round

caudal peduncle.

499, Annals of the South African Musewm.

Colour (of preserved specimen), light brown above, silvery beneath;

a dark streak from snout through eye meeting the lateral line, which

is also dark, above the anal; a dark spot on each side at base

of anal and two minute dark spots at base of dorsal.

Fie. 79.—Barbus viviparus.

One specimen, 38 mm. in length, from Livingstone, Rhodesia

(A. Stephenson).

One specimen, 50 mm. in length, from the Sabi River, Transvaal

(J. S. Hamilton).

It is also reported from Natal.

51. BARBUS UNITENIATUS, Giinth.

Puntius vittatus (non Day), Steind., Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,

XVi., 1866, p. 767, pl. xvul. fig. 2.

Barbus wutenatus, Giinth., Zool. Rec., 1866, p. 151, and Cat.

Fish., vil., p. 103 (1868); M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., x.,

1897, p. lol. Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Wish. Afr, i, p. 158,

fig. 135 (1911).

Depth of body 3,7, to 4} times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 3,5 to 4 times. Snout rounded, as long as or

shorter than eye, which is 3 to 3! times in length of head and

equals interorbital width ; mouth small, sub-inferior, its width 32

to 3% times in length of head; lips moderate. Two barbels on each

side, posterior longer than anterior and as long as or a little longer

than eye.

Dorsal iii 8; equally distant from middle of eye and from caudal,

border straight or slightly concave; last simple ray not enlarged,

not serrated, nearly as long as head. Anal iii 5; not reaching

caudal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, not reaching ventral ;

base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 12

4-43

times to twice as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 27-30 ray

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa, 423

2 to 24 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal

peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), yellowish; a silvery lateral

Fic. 80.—Barbus uniteniatus.

streak, edged with black, terminating in a black spot on caudal

peduncle ; the dark edging appears to extend faintly through gill-

covers to point of snout, and is sometimes represented on the body

by detached dark spots.

Eight specimens, ranging from 33-35 mm. in length, from Sabi

River, Transvaal (J. S. Hamilton).

This species is also reported from Angola, Zululand, and Natal.

* 52. BARBUS RADIATUS, Peters.

Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1853, p. 783, and Reise Mossamb., iv., p. 56,

pl. x., fig. 3 (1868) ; Bouleng., Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 155, fig. 132

Gomi

Fic. 81.—Barbus radiatus.

“Depth of body equal to length of head, 32 times in total length.

Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which is 3 times in length of head

424 . Annals of the South African Musewm.

and equals interorbital width ; mouth inferior ; two barbels on each

side, posterior a little longer than anterior and about 2 diameter

of eye.

Dorsal iii 8; equally distant from eye and from caudal, border

straight ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, as long as head.

Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral a little shorter than head,

reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal.

Caudal peduncle about 14 times as long as deep. Scales radiately

striated, 26-273, 2 between lateral line and ventral.

Silvery, back green.

Total length 48 millim.

Revugo River, Lower Zambesi.”’

53. BARBUS LABIALIs, Nn. sp.

Depth of body 3% times in total length excluding caudal, length of

head 4 times. Snout 3* times in length of head, eye 4} times, inter-

orbital width 34 times; mouth sub-inferior, 34 times in length of

head ; lips moderate, upper produced into a median lobe about 4

diameter of eye in length. Two barbels on each side, anterior nearly

as long as eye, posterior 11 times diameter of eye.

Fic. 82.—Barbus labialis. 2.

‘

Dorsal 11 8; equally distant from nostrils and from root of caudal,

border feebly concave; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated,

nearly as long as head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral #

length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior

half of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 22 times as long as deep. Scales

radiately striated, 35 5p 34 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round

caudal peduncle,

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 425

Colour (of preserved specimen), yellowish brown, darker above than

below; a dark lateral streak from border of preopercle to root of

caudal.

One specimen, 77 mm. in length, from Aapjes River, Transvaal.

54. BARBUS MACRURUS, 0. Sp.

Depth of body 3% to 4% times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 4 to 44 times. Smout rounded, as long as eye, which

is 34 to 32 times in length of head; interorbital width 3 to

32 times in length of head; mouth sub-inferior, its width 3 to 4

times in length of head; lips moderate. Two barbels on each side,

anterior 2 to 1 diameter of eye, posterior 1 to 13 times.

Dorsal iii 8; equally distant from nostrils or middle of eye and

from root of caudal, border slightly concave ; last simple ray not

enlarged, flexible, 1 to 14 times length of head. Anal ii 5; not

reaching caudal. Pectoral % to + length of head, not reaching

Fic. 83.—Barbus macrurus. 3.

ventral; base of latter behind anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal

peduncle 2 to 24 times as long as deep. Scales radiately striated,

33-36 2, 3-31 between lateral-line and ventral, 14-16 round caudal

peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), yellowish brown, darker above

than below; a dark lateral streak from preopercular border to root

of caudal where it ends in a small dark spot; extremity of dorsal fin

blackish.

Six specimens, ranging from 60-74 mm. in length, from Dwaars

River, Transvaal.

Six specimens, ranging from 47-70 mm. in length, from the

Transvaal.

426 Annals of the South African Musewn.

* 55. BARBUS INERMIS, Peters.

Barbus (Dangila) inermis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 683.

Barbus inermis, Gitnth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 103 (1868) ; Peters, Reise

Mossamb., iv., p. 54, pl. xi., fig. 3 (1868); Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soe.,

1907, p. 310, and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 152, fig. 129 (1911).

‘Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, 34 to 4 times in

total length. Snout rounded, as long as or a little longer than eye,

which is 34 to 32 times in length of head; interorbital width 22 to 3

times in length of head ; mouth small, sub-inferior ; lips moderate ;

Fic. 84.— Barbus inermis.

two barbels on each side, posterior longer than anterior and 4 to

2 diameter of eye.

Dorsal iv 8-9; equally distant from eye or snout and from caudal,

border concave; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, nearly

as long as head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral a little

shorter than head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below middle

of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1! to 2 times as long as deep. Scales

lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Dark green or olive above, yellowish beneath ; fins pale green.

Total length 100 millim.

Lower Zambezi and Limpopo Systems.”

. . . . ie 4-521

with numerous feebly radiating strive ;* 29-31 a, 24 to 3 between

56. BarBUS HEMIPLEUROGRAMMA, Blgr.

Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 150, fig. 126 (1911).

Depth of body 3,8, to 3,9, times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 3% to 4,8, times. Snout rounded, about as long as the

* «Tn this respect the scales of this species may be said to establish a link between

the two divisions of the genus adopted in the present arrangement.”

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 497

eye, which is 3} to 4} times in length of head; interorbital width 24

to 32 times in length of head ; mouth small, terminal or sub-inferior ;

lips moderately developed. Two barbels on each side, anterior $ to 1

diameter of eye, posterior + to 14 times.

Dorsal iii 7-8; situated midway between eye and root of caudal,

border straight; last simple ray not enlarged, flexible and a little

shorter than head. Anal ii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral 3 to ?

length of head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior

rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 14 times to twice as long as deep.

Scales radiately striated, 27-29 ah

ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle ; lateral line incomplete, extending

on the anterior 8 to 15 scales only.

Colour (of preserved specimens), brownish, darker above than

below; a few round blackish spots forming a more or less regular

21-31 between lateral line and

Fic. 85.— Barbus hemiplewrogramma.

series along each side, a dark patch at base of anal and one or two

small dark spots or irregular band on lower side of caudal peduncle.

When alive the colouring is brilliant, dark along the back and a

bright reddish coppery colour on sides, white ventrally, with about

6 dark dots along the region of the lateral line.

Six specimens, ranging from 27-41 mm. in length, from Baakens

River, Port Elizabeth, Cape Province.

Five specimens, ranging from 32-43 mm. in length, from Potchef-

stroom, Transvaal.

Two specimens, each 34 mm. in length, from the stream outside

the cave at Wonderfontein, Transvaal.

* 57, BARBUS ASPER, Bier.

Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 176, fig. 154 (1911).

“Depth of body 32 to 44 times in total length, length of head 4

times. Snout rounded, 3 to 31 times in length of head; eye 4 to 44

times in length of head, interorbital width 3 times ; mouth inferior ;

498 Annals of the South African Museum.

lips moderate ; a single barbel on each side, as long as or slightly

longer than eye; upper surface of head of breeding male with spine-

like tubercles, those on snout very large.

Dorsal 11 7; equally distant from occiput and from caudal, border

straight ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, 2 to 2 length of

head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal, Pectoral a little shorter than

head, nearly reaching ventral in males, not in females; base of

Fic. 86.—Barbus asper.

ventral below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 13 to 14

times as long as deep. Scales radiately striated, 37-42 oa 5-6

between lateral line and ventral, 18-20 round caudal peduncle ;

dorsal scales rough, with minute spinose nuptial tubercles.

Brown above, whitish beneath; the scales on the sides darker in

the centre ; an ill-defined dark lateral band.

Total length 110 millim.

Cape Colony.”

58. Barsus anopuus, M. Web.

(Rooi-vlerk.)

M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., x., 1897, p. 151; Bouleng., Cat.

Fresh. Fish. Afr., i1., p. 177, fig. 155 (1911).

Depth of body 34 to 44 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 3 to 4 times. Snout rounded, 3 to 4} times in length

of head, diameter of eye 34 to 5 times, interorbital width 2,75 to 3%

times; mouth terminal or sub-inferior; lips moderate. A single

barbel on each side, 4 (young) to 12 times diameter of eye. A row

of pores round each orbit and thence to origin of lateral line. In

some specimens the head, snout, cheeks, and chin, or the upper

part of snout only, are covered with small whitish spine-like

tubercles.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 429

Dorsal iii 7; equally distant from eye or occiput and from root of

caudal, border straight or feebly concave; last simple ray not

enlarged, not serrated, 2 to ,°, length of head. Anal iii 5; not reach-

ing caudal. Pectoral 2 to + length of head, not reaching ventral ;

base of latter entirely or partly in front of dorsal, or below anterior

rays. Caudal peduncle 12 to 2} times as long as deep. Scales

radiately striated, 32-38 a 34 to 5 between lateral line and

ventral, 14-16 round caudal peduncle. In some specimens the

lateral line becomes very indistinct posteriorly.

Colour (of preserved specimens) brownish above, lighter beneath ;

a more or less distinct dark lateral streak from above origin of

lateral line to root of caudal, sometimes ending in an indistinct dark

spot. In some specimens, notably those from the Le Roex and

[8 colro

Fie. 87.—Barbus anoplus.

Grobelaars Rivers, there is a vivid blood-red spot at the base of the

dorsal, anal, pectoral, and ventral fins, or some of them.

Nine specimens, ranging from 21-88 mm. in length, from Le Roex

River, Cango, near Oudtshoorn, Cape Province.

Twelve specimens, ranging from 20-62 mm. in length, from

Grobelaars River, near Oudtshoorn, Cape Province.

One specimen, 57 mm. in length, from Slaai Kraal, Grahamstown,

Cape Province (Albany Museum).

Sixteen specimens, ranging from 20-70 mm. in length, from

Jackson’s Drift, Klip River, Transvaal.

One specimen, 47 mm. in length, from dam at Modderfontein,

Transvaal.

Two specimens, 39 mm., 41 mm. in length respectively, from

stream outside cave at Wonderfontein, Transvaal.

Six specimens, ranging from 30-51 mm. in length, from Smithfield,

Orange River (D. P. Kannemeyer).

430 Annals of the South African Museum.

Four specimens, ranging from 40-56 mm. in length, from Natal

(J. Saunderson).

59, BARBUS KARKENSIS, N. Sp.

Depth of body 32 times in total length excluding caudal, length of

head 34 times. Snout rounded, 3% times in length of head, eye

4% times, interorbital width 3% times; mouth terminal, lips

moderately developed; a single barbel on each side, * diameter

of eye; a row of pores passing round each orbit from nostrils to

upper margin of gill-openings and joined by a row across occiput.

Dorsal iii 7; equally distant from eye and from root of caudal,

border feebly concave ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated,

=length of head. Anal ii 5 ; not reaching caudal. Pectoral = length

of head, not reaching ventral ; base of latter below anterior rays of

dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1* times as long as deep. Scales radiately

striated, 36 a 5 between lateral line and ventral, 16 round caudal

peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimen), brown, dark above, lighter below ;

an indistinct lateral streak on body.

One specimen, 64 mm. in length, from Karkloof, Natal.

* 60. BarBus AFER, Peters.

Barbus (Capoéta) afer, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1864, p. 395.

Barbus afer, Giinth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 148 (1868), and Bouleng.,

Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., 11., p. 178, fig. 156 (1911).

Fie, 88.—Barbus afer.

“Depth of body equal to length of head, 4 times in total length.

Snout rounded, as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 3 to

34 times in length of head; interorbital width 5 times in length of

head ; mouth small, inferior; lips moderate ; a single barbel on each

side, 2 to # diameter of eye.

Dorsal iii 7; equally distant from eye and from caudal, border

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 431

straight ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, a little shorter

thanhead. Anal iii 5; notreaching caudal. Pectoral alittle shorter

than head, sometimes reaching ventral; base of latter originating

slightly in advance of dorsal. Caudal peduncle twice as long as

deep. Scales radiately striated, 28-31 3, 3 between lateral line and

ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Brown above, whitish beneath, with a rather indistinct dark lateral

band on the posterior half of the body, more distinct on the caudal

peduncle ; fins whitish.

Total length 70 millim.

Cape Colony.”

* 61. Barsus roGeErst, Bler.

Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 180, fig. 158 (1911).

“Depth of body equal to length of head, 34 times in total length.

Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which is 22 times in length of

head ; interorbital width 3 times in length of head ; mouth very

small, inferior ; lips moderate ; barbels absent or a single minute one

on each side.

Dorsal 111 8; equally distant from anterior border of eye and from

caudal, border straight ; last simple ray not enlarged, not serrated, as

long as head. Anal iii 5; not reaching caudal. Pectoral 2 length of

~ DOs

AL JIS RAL AZ

SA RSS

- KS = 7 :

Fia. 89.—Barbus rogersi.

head, not reaching ventral; base of latter below anterior rays of

dorsal. Caudal peduncle 1} times as long as deep. Scales radiately

striated, 27-28 Bp 2 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal

peduncle.

Silvery, back olive ; a blackish streak from the end of the snout,

through the eye, and along the lateral line to the root of the caudal ;

dorsal edged with blackish.

Total length 55 millim.

Que River, Angola; Upper Zambesi.”’

432 Annals of the South African Museum.

4, BARILIUS.

3arilius, Ham. Buchan. Fish. Ganges, p. 384 (1822), part. ; Giinth.,

Cat. Fish., vi., p. 286 (1868) ; Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 231

(1901), Fish. Nile, p. 261 (1907), and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 191

(1911).

Opsaridium, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1853, p. 783, and Reise n.

Mossamb., iv., p. 58 (1868).

Pelotrophus, Giinth., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 314, and Cat. Fish.,

t.c., p. 320.

Mouth large, oblique, without lips, with or without barbels. Sub-

orbitals large. Dorsal originating behind vertical of ventrals and

before that of anal. A scaly process at base of ventrals. Lateral

line low down, following ventral line of the body and running along

the lower part of caudal peduncle. Belly rounded, with small or

moderately large scales.

Key to Species.

At least 4 of base of dorsal fin above anal.

D. ii 7-8, A. iii 11, Sc. 41-427, 23; depth of body 32

to 43 times in total eae S660 Bo 6G 64 lle Joo VOOTHNGMIGI OC, im, Soe

D. ii 9, A. iii 13, Sc. 422, 35; depth of body 42 times

nav OEMUMoYGAy Se Go 66 co 05 Go oo Ga eo Je senndl, lesley

D. ii 9, A. iii 13, Se. 40-41 "2, 22; depth of body 41 to

43 times in totallength.. .. .. .. .. .. 3. B. stephensoni, n. sp.

D. ii-iii 9-10, A. iii 10-11, Se. 41-43, 2; depth of

body 4-42 times in total length .. .. .. .. 4. B. zambesensis, Peters.

1. BarILius PERINGUEYI, n. sp.

Depth of body 3% to 44 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 34 to 3+ times. Width of head about $ its length ;

snout 3,8, to 32 times in length of head, diameter of eye 3} to 3,%

times, interorbital width 3 to 3,3, times; mouth extending to vertical

of anterior third or middle of eye; no barbels; sub-orbital bones

nearly covering cheeks. Gill-rakers few, rudimentary. In some

specimens the lower jaw is covered underneath with more or less

distinct scars or rows of conical tubercles and, in the largest

specimen, there are about 8 pearl-like tubercles on each side of

upper jaw.

Dorsal ii 7-8; originating midway between middle of eye and root

of caudal, posterior third above anal; anterior rays longest, * to 4

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 433

length of head. Anal iii 11; anterior rays slightly longer than those

of dorsal, 2, to =, length of head. Pectoral } to 4 length of head,

reaching or scarcely reaching ventral. Caudal deeply forked ;

caudal peduncle 22 to 23 times as long as deep. Scales with

AGE. F 1 : ;

radiating striz, 41-42 ie 21 between lateral line and ventral, 14

round caudal peduncle.

Fic, 90.—Barilius peringueyi. 4.

Colour (of preserved specimens) silvery, darker on the back ;

8-10 dark vertical bars on the body on each side and a dark patch

on base of caudal ; membranes between rays of dorsal black and last

ray tipped with black.

One specimen, 81 mm. in length, from Nels River, Nelspruit,

Transvaal (A. T. Cooke).

Four specimens, ranging from 49-59 mm. in length, from White

River, Transvaal (A. T. Cooke).

2. Barinius NEAVII, Bley.

Bouleng., Mem. Manchest. Lit. and Phil. Soe., li., 1907, No. 12, p. 3,

and Cat. Fresh. Fish, Afr., vol. i1., p. 199, fig. 175 (1911).

Depth of body 42 times in total length excluding caudal, length

of head 22 times. Head a little more than twice as long as broad ;

snout obtusely pointed, a little longer than eye, which is 3,4, times

in length of head ; interorbital width 3,7, times in length of head;

mouth extending to vertical of middle of eye; no barbels; naked

space between preoperculum and sub-orbitals as broad as 2nd

suborbital. Gill-rakers few, very short or rudimentary.

Dorsal ii 9; originating midway between eye and root of caudal,

posterior half above anal; anterior rays longest, 37, length of head.

Anal iti 13; with produced anterior lobe, longest ray a little longer

434 Annals of the South African Musewm.

than longest dorsal ray, + length of head. Pectoral + length of

head, not reaching ventral. Caudal forked, lower lobe longer than

upper; caudal peduncle 24 times as long as deep. Scales with

4}?

14 round caudal peduncle. The specimen has 3 or 4 irregular rows

of pores, or sears of tubercles, on each side of lower jaw.

Colour (of preserved specimen), silvery, brownish on back; about

radiating strie, 42 3, 3 between lateral line and root of ventral,

Fic. 91.—Barilius neavii.

8 irregular pairs of bluish vertical bars on body on each side; dorsal

tipped with orange, the membrane between the rays black; mem-

brane between rays of anterior 3? of anal fin black; caudal with a

shade of black on rays and a white bar on distal portion of lobes,

which are tipped with black.

One specimen, 67 mm. in length, from Livingstone, Rhodesia

(A. Stephenson).

3. BARILIUS STEPHENSONI, N. Sp.

Depth of body 4+ to 44 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 33 times. Width of head 2 to 4 its length ; snout,

interorbital width and eye, of equal length, 3% to 3$ times in length

of head ; mouth extending to vertical of anterior third of eye ; no

barbels; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals as

broad as 2nd suborbital. Gill-rakers few and very small. Lower

jaw with a row of open pores, or scars of tubercles, on each side.

Dorsal ii 9 ; originating midway between middle of eye and root of

caudal, posterior third above anal; anterior rays longest, a little

more than 4 length of head. Anal iii 13 ; anterior rays a little longer

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 435

than those of dorsal, 2 length of head. Pectoral 2 length of head,

not reaching ventral. Caudal forked (damaged in specimens) ;

caudal peduncle 24 times as long as deep. Scales with radiating

striez, 40—41 Me 24 between lateral line and base of ventral, 14 round

caudal peduncle.

Fie. 92.—Barilius stephensoni. 3}.

Colour (of preserved specimens), silvery, brownish on back ; 7 or 8

vertical bluish bars on body on each side and a dark spot at base of

caudal ; membranes of dorsal rays and tip of last ray black.

Two specimens, 49 mm., 56 mm. in length respectively, from

Livingstone, Rhodesia (A. Stephenson).

* 4, BARILIUS ZAMBESENSIS, Peters.

Leuciscus zambesensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 682.

Opsaridion zambezense, Peters, op. cit., 1853, p. 783, and Reise

Mossamb., iv., p. 58, pl. xi., fig. 5 (1868).

Barilius zambezensis, Giinth., Cat. Fish., vii., p. 292 (1868).

Barilius zambesensis, Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 198,

fie 173) (1911);

‘Depth of body 4-41 times in total length, length of head 32 to

4 times. Head twice as long as broad; snout rounded, scarcely

Fic. 93.—Barilius zambesensis.

projecting beyond mouth, as long as or shorter than eye, which is

31 to 4 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ; mouth

extending to below anterior third or centre of eye; no barbels ; sub-

436 Annals of the South African Museum.

orbitals nearly entirely covering the cheek. Gill-rakers few and

very short.

posterior third above anal; anterior rays longest, about 2 length of

head. Anal i 10-11; anterior rays as long as longest dorsals.

Pectoral pointed, ? to + length of head, not reaching ventral.

Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. Scales

with radiating striz, 41-43 8

31 2 between lateral line and ventral,

14 round caudal peduncle.

Silvery white ; back green ; fins yellowish.

Total length 70 millim.

Zambesi.”’

5. ENGRAULICYPRIS.

Engraulicypris, Giinth., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1898, p. 626; Bouleng.,

Cat. Fresh, Fish, Afr, i, p. 209 (1911).

Neobola, Vincig., Ann. Mus. Genova (2), xv., 1895, p.56 ; Bouleng.,

Proe. Zool. Soc., 1903, i., p. 332, and Fish. Nile, p. 268 (1907).

Body strongly compressed, belly not keeled, covered with mode-

rately large scales. Lateral line low down, following the ventral

outline of the body and running along lower part of caudal peduncle.

Mouth moderate or large, oblique, without lips. No barbels. Sub-

orbitals large, covering cheeks. Gill-membranes narrowly united to

isthmus. Dorsal fin without ossified ray, with 9-11 rays, 7 or 8 of

which are branched; anal fin with 13-20 rays; a scaly process at

base of ventrals.

E.NGRAULICYPRIS BREVIANALIS, Bler.

Neobola brevianalis, Bouleng., Ann. Natal Mus., i., 1908,

p. 231, fig.

Engraulicypris brevianalis, Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii.,

p. 211, fig. 185 (1911).

Depth of body 4 to 5 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 4 to 43 times. Head 2,3, to 22 times as long as

broad ; snout obtuse, not projecting beyond mouth, about the same

length or slightly shorter than the eye, which is 3 to 33 times in

length of head and about equals interorbital width ; mouth extend-

ing to vertical of anterior third of eye; sub-orbital bones covering

greater part of cheek. Under surface of lower jaw entire, or covered

with minute tubercles.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 457

Dorsal ii 7; its origin slightly in advance of that of the anal ; its dis-

tance from end of snout is from 2 to 21 times its distance from caudal ;

1st branched ray longest, ? to nearly as long as head. Anal ii. 12-13.

Pectoral pointed, about as long as head, reaching or scarcely reach-

ing ventral. Caudal deeply forked ; caudal peduncle 2 to 24 times as

Fic. 94.

Engraulicypris brevianalis,

PLR

long as deep. Scale 52-55 37, 1 between lateral line and ventral,

16 round caudal peduncle.

Colour (of preserved specimens), yellowish, with a silvery lateral

band.

Seven specimens, ranging from 38-50 mm. in length, from Dwaars

River, Transvaal.

It is also reported from Zululand.

Faminy SILURIDA.

Synopsis of Genera.

1. Cuarts. Dorsal and anal fins very long, without spine;

gill-membranes free from isthmus.

A. Dorsal fin single, formed entirely of articulated rays.

Sides of head protected by bony shields ..

—

. Clarias.

B. Dorsal fin divided into two, the posterior portion adipose.

Sides of head protected by bony shields; adipose fin

large and supported by bony rays (the produced neural

spines) SUMGe cto Wicta ves) Sic ae

. Heterobranchus.

. Prorostne®. A short dorsal fin in front, with a pungent

spine ; a second dorsal and a long anal, united with

the caudal; gill-membranes free from isthmus... .. .. 3. Plotosus.

3. Stturty#. Dorsal fin very short or absent ; adipose dorsal

fin very small; anal fin much elongate; gill-membranes

free from isthmus.

Adipose fin present

Adipose fin absent

Hutropius.

. Schilbe.

438 Annals of the South African Museum.

4. Bacrinz. Dorsal fin short; adipose fin present or trans-

formed into a second rayed dorsal; anal fin short; gill-

membranes free, or very narrowly attached to isthmus.

A. Gill-membranes more or less notched in the middle ;

nostrils widely separated from each other.

1. Nasal barbel present.

Palate toothless ; dorsal with 6-7 branched rays.. .. 6. Gephyroglanis.

2. Nasal barbel absent.

Dorsal with 7-8 branched rays ; gill-membranes feebly

notched ; eye with free border .. .. .. .. «- «+ ~=7. Auchenoglanis.

B. Gill-membranes not notched, forming a straight trans-

verse fold or a very open angle; nasal barbels absent ;

dorsal with 6-7 branched rays.

Teeth in pterygoids; nostrils close together .. .. .. 8. Arius.

5. Dorapin%. Dorsal fin short, a second dorsal fin, adipose

or rayed; anal short; gill-membranes more or less grown

to isthmus.

Second dorsal fin adipose ; mandibular barbels branched ;

premaxillary teeth conical, not movable; eye with

Tae) YORI OG oo OO NOG bo ao. oo) oO ca oo Gh ISWAMOehey Hy

1. CLARIAS.

Clarias, Gronoy., Zoophyl., p. 100 (1781); Giinth., Cat. Fish., v.,

p. 248 (1864); Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 248 (1901), Fish.

Nile, p. 278 (1907), Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 1063, Cat. Fresh. Fish.

ALES Mey peo (Olin).

Macropteronotus, part., Lacep., Hist. Poiss., v., p. 84 (1803).

Body elongate; with long dorsal and anal fins, composed entirely

of soft rays, extending to or nearly to caudal fin. Head much

depressed, upper and lateral parts osseous, forming a casque; 4 pairs

of barbels—one nasal, one maxillary, two mandibular. Hye small,

with free orbital margin. Jaws with a band of villiform teeth, a band

of villiform or granular teeth on vomer. Gill-membranes free from

isthmus, deeply notched in the middle. Males with a long conical

anal papilla.

Key to Species.

I. Ventral fins midway between end of snout and root

of caudal, or a little nearer (less than 4) the

former ; nasal barbel shorter than head.

a. Vomerine teeth mostly pointed or granular-sub-

conical, forming a band which is not broader than

band of premaxillary teeth; distance between

occipital process and dorsal fin + to + length of

head,

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 439

D. 66-72, A. 50-60; 26 gill-rakers (in very young)

to 50 on anterior arch; distance between dorsal

. Vomerine teeth all or mostly granular, forming

a crescentic band as broad as the premaxillary

band, with or without posterior processes.

D. 62-66, A. 53-60; about 30 gill-rakers on

anterior arch; distance between dorsal and

caudal fins 14 times diameter of eye .. .. .. 2. C. mossambicus, Peters.

:. Vomerine teeth granular, forming a crescentic

band which, in the middle, is nearly twice as

broad as the premaxillary band.

D. 60, A. 50; 15-30 gill-rakers on anterior arch,

long; distance between dorsal and caudal fins 3

ino) #2 Iheya¥etdon Gye lVeEMtlGS So. co 66 Go co 86 Ge

. Vomerine teeth mostly granular, forming a band

which is a little narrower than premaxillary band

and interrupted in the middle.

D. 65, A. 52; 55 gill-rakers on anterior arch,

distance between dorsal and caudal fins twice

diameterjoleye) "2. 2. 22 a4 sess 2. 4. CG, capensis, Cand Ve

', ngamensis, Cast.

II. Ventral fins 14 to 2 times as distant from root of

caudal as from end of snout, or nasal barbel at

least as long as head; head smooth or very feebly

granulate above; less than 30 gill-rakers on

anterior arch.

Dorsal and anal fins embracing or adnate to base

of caudal; maxillary barbel + to 14 times length

of head.

D. 80-90, A. 67-73; 14 gill-rakers on anterior arch ;

pectoral spine feebly serrated on the outer side .. 5. C. theodorae, M. Web.

1. CLARIAS GARIEPINUS, Burch.

Silurus (Heterobranchus) gariepinus, Burchell, Trav. Int. 8. Afr.,i.,

p. 425, fig. (1822).

Clarias capensis (non C. and V.), A. Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr.

Pise., pl. xxvii. (1848).

Clarias mossambicus, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 682,

and Reise Mossamb., iv., p. 32, pl. vi., figs. 1 and 2, and pl. vi.,

figs. 2 and 3 (1868).

Clarias gariepinus, Giinth., Cat. Fish., v., p. 14 (1864); M. Weber,

Zool. Jahrb. Syst., x., 1897, p. 149; Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo,

p. 254 (1901), Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 1069, and Cat. Fresh. Fish.

Afra. p: 228, fig..193. (1911).

Depth of body 5,', to 72 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 3 to 34 times. Head 1,3, to 1% times as long as

broad, its upper surface more or less distinctly granulate in the adult ;

440 Annals of the South African Musewm.

occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle 2% to 4+ times as long

as broad, 3,1, to 44 times in length of head ; occipital fontanelle very

small, in advance of occipital process; eye very small, 3 to 44 times

in length of snout and 42 to 7 times in interorbital width ; width of

mouth about equal to interorbital width, 2 to $ length of head ; band

of premaxillary teeth 5 to 7 times as long as broad ; vomerine teeth

mostly conical, or granular sub-conical, forming a crescentic band

which may be slightly interrupted in the middle, where it is nearly

as broad as or narrower than the premaxillary band; nasal barbel +

to * length of head; maxillary barbel shorter than head in adult (a

Fie, 95.—Clarias gariepinus.

little longer in young), reaching to base or last third of pectoral

spine; outer mandibular barbel 11 to 1,3, times as long as inner,

which measures ? to ? length of head. Gill-rakers on anterior arch

fine and closely set, 26-65 in number. Clavicles not exposed.

Dorsal 65-80 ; its distance from occipital process } to 3, length of

head, its distance from caudal 1} to 3 times diameter of eye. Anal

5U-60, not reaching caudal. Pectoral 2 to 4} length of head, the

spine serrated on the outer border and + to + the length of the fin.

Ventrals nearly equally distant from point of snout and root of caudal

or a little nearer to the former, Caudal about $ length of head,

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 441

Colour (of preserved specimens), reddish or dark bluish or greyish

brown above, uniform or marbled with dark brown, whitish below ;

usually a more or less distinct light vertical bar on base of caudal.

One specimen, 455 mm. in length, from Sabi River, Transvaal

(Major Stevenson Hamilton).

Four specimens, ranging from 168-348 mm. in length, from Kuru-

man, Bechuanaland.

Seven specimens, ranging from 243-365 mm. in length, from

Pienaars River, Transvaal (C. J. Swierstra).

One specimen, 311 mm. in length, from Thabina River, Transvaal

(C. J. Swierstra).

One specimen, 300 mm. in length, locality unknown.

One specimen, 256 mm. in length, from Mooi River, Potchefstroom,

Transvaal.

One specimen, 235 mm. in length, from Transvaal River, Johan-

nesburg (H. Fry).

One specimen, 180 mm. in length, from Potchefstroom, Transvaal

(Mr. Stenning).

One specimen, 178 mm. in length, from Pretoria, Transvaal.

One specimen, 174 mm. in length, from dam at Modderfontein,

Transvaal.

Two specimens, 170 mm., 181 mm. in length respectively, from

Dwaars River, Transvaal.

It is also reported from Natal, Orange River, Rhodesia, Mossam-

bique, Katanga, Angola.

2. CLARIAS MOSSAMBICUS, Peters.

Clarias mossambicus, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 682,

and Reise Mossamb., iv., p. 32, pl. vi., fig. 3 (1868) ; Fischer, Jahrb.

Hamb. Wiss. Aust., i. 1884, p. 28; Vincig., Ann. Mus. Genova

(2), xv., 1895, p. 31, fig. 1, and xvii, 1896, p. 25; Pfeff., Thierw. O-Afr.

Fische, p. 27, fig. (1896) ; Pellegr., Mem. Soc. Zool. France, xvii.,

1905, p. 176; Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 1071, and Cat.

Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 232, fig. 195 (1911).

Clarias gariepmus, part., Giinth and Playf., Fish. Zanzib., p. 113

(1866).

Clarias zobecchwi, Vincig., Ann. Mus. Genova (2), xiii., 1893, p. 450,

and xv. 1895, p. 30, fig. ; Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 253 (1901),

and Fish. Nile, p. 285, pl. 11., fig. 1 (1907).

Clarias lazera (non Cuv. and Val.), Giinth., Proc. Zool. Soe., 1894,

p. 89; Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, ii. p. 161.

Clarias snuithw, Giinth., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1896, p. 219, fig.

449, Annals of the South African Museum.

Clarias microphthalmus, Pfeff., op. cit., p. 28; Hulgend., Zool.

Jahrb. Syst., xxii, 1905, p. 410.

Clarias giintheri, Pfeff., l.c.

Depth of body 5 to 62 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 34 times. Head 14 to 12 times as long as broad, its

upper surface closely granulate; occipital process angular; frontal

fontanelle sole-shaped or knife-shaped, 34 to 44+ times as long as

broad, 4 to 5! times in length of head; occipital fontanelle small,

in advance of occipital process; eye 34 to 41 times in length of

snout, 4! to 62 times in interorbital width; width of mouth

about equal to interorbital width ; band of premaxillary teeth

54 to 8} times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, form-

ing a crescentic band which is as broad as premaxillary band ;

Fic. 96.—Clarias mossambicus. #.

nasal barbel + to * length of head ; maxillary barbels 1 to 14 times

length of head, reaching to end of pectoral fin or a little beyond ;

outer mandibular barbel 14 to 12 times as long as inner, which

measures } to * length of head. Gill-rakers long and closely set,

30 to 60 on anterior arch. Clavicles hidden under the skin.

Dorsal 62-72 ; its distance from occipital process about 1 length of

head, its distance from caudal 14 to 24 times diameter of eye. Anal

50-60 ; separated from caudal by a distinct interspace. Pectoral 2 to

4 length of head, the spine serrated on the outer border and 4

the length of the fin. Ventrals slightly nearer to end of snout

than to caudal. Caudal 2 to $ length of head.

Colour (of preserved specimens) dark mottled brown on back and

sides ; a dark band on each side of lower surface of head.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 443

Two specimens, 315 mm., 213 mm. in length respectively, from

Sabi River, Transvaal (J. S. Hamilton).

Two specimens, 540 mm., 470 mm. in length respectively, from

Manzemntonto River, Transvaal (J. S. Hamilton).

Two specimens, 131 mm., 120 mm. in length respectively, from

Umbeluzi, Swaziland (Mr. Howard).

It is also reported from Hast Africa, from Abyssinia and Lake

Victoria to Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi.

3. CLARIAS NGAMENSIS, Casteln.

Casteln., Mém. Poiss. Afr. Austr., 1861, p. 63; Bouleng., Trans.

Zool. Soe., xviii., v., p. 404, pl. xxxviii., fig. 2 (1911).

Depth of body 6 to 6? times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 32 to 33 times. Head 14 to 1% times as long as

Fic. 97.—Clarias ngamensis. %.

broad, feebly granulated and showing patches of radiating striz

beneath the skin ; occipital process angular ; frontal fontanelle 2+ to

3 times as long as broad, + length of head ; occipital fontanelle small,

in advance of occipital process ; eye 3 to 3+ times in length of snout

and 4,4, to 4+ times in interorbital width, which equals width of

mouth and is 2 length of head; band of premaxillary teeth 34 to

ddd Annals of the South African Museum.

4 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth granular, forming a

crescentic band which, in the middle, is 14 to 1% times as broad as

the premaxillary band ; anterior mandibular teeth pointed, posterior

granular. Nasal barbel about 2 length of head, maxillary 5% and

reaching posterior half of pectoral spine, outer mandibular barbel

;°, length of head, inner 2 to ,%. Gill-rakers long, 16 to 20 on lower

part of anterior arch. Clavicles striated, more or less distinct under

the skin.

Dorsal 60 (circa); its distance from occipital process 4 length of

head, its distance from caudal fin 5%, to 2. Anal 50 (c7rca) ; narrowly

separated from caudal. Pectoral 2 length of head, its spine strongly

serrated on the outer border and 2 to ;% length of fin. Ventral

equally distant from end of snout and base of caudal or a little

nearer to the former. Caudal a little more than 4} length of head.

Colour (of preserved specimens), uniform dark brown above,

yellowish beneath, under side of head white.

Two specimens, 108 mm., 101 mm. in length respectively, from

N.W. Rhodesia (Rev. F. A. Rogers and KE. C. Chubb).

The species is also reported from the Lake Ngami Basin.

4, CLARIAS CAPENSIS, C. and V.

Cuv. and Val., Hist. Poiss., xv., p. 377 (1840); Bouleng., Poiss. Bass.

Congo, p. 255 (1901); Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 1075, Ann.

Natal Mus., i, 1908, p. 237, and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr. ii,

p. 240 (1911).

Fic. 98.—Clarias capensis. 3.

Depth of body 8 times in total length excluding caudal, length of

head 33 times. Head 14 times as long as broad, its upper surface

coarsely granulate, occipital process angular; frontal fontanelle

33 times as long as broad, + length of head; occipital fontanelle

very small, well in advance of occipital process; eye very small, its

diameter 3$ times in length of snout, 54 times in interorbital width,

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 445

which equals width of mouth and is } length of head; band of

premaxillary teeth 6 times as long as broad; band of vomerine

teeth a little narrower than premaxillary band, rather widely

interrupted in the middle, composed of small, partly pointed, partly

granular teeth; nasal barbel ? length of head; maxillary barbel

slightly longer than head, reaching end of pectoral fin; outer

mandibular barbel + length of head, inner nearly 8. Gill-rakers on

first arch long and closely set, 55 in number. Clavicles hidden

under the skin.

Dorsal 65; its distance from occipital process nearly + length

of head, its distance from caudal 2 diameters of eye. Anal 52;

narrowly separated from caudal. Pectoral fin ? length of head, the

spine feebly serrated on its outer border, ? the length of the fin.

Ventral nearer to point of snout than to caudal. Caudal 4 length

of head.

Colour (of preserved specimen), pale brown on back, flesh-colour

beneath ; top of head marbled with black; a dark band on base of

caudal; fins whitish.

One specimen, 218 mm. in length, from German S.W. Africa.

It is also reported from Natal.

5. CLARIAS THEODORE, M. Web.

M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., x., 1897, p. 150; Bouleng., Proc.

Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 1089, and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 262,

fig. 218 (1911).

Depth of body 8} times in total length excluding caudal, length

of head, 52 times. Head 1? times as long as broad, smooth;

occipital process angular, broader than long; frontal fontanelle sole-

shaped, twice as long as broad, and ,3, length of head; occipital

fontanelle smaller, in advance of occipital process; eye very small,

3 times in length of snout, 44 times in interorbital width, which

is nearly {9 width of mouth and 3 length of head; band of pre-

maxillary teeth 4 times as long as broad; vomerine teeth conical,

forming a curved band, which is as broad as the premaxillary band;

nasal barbel 2 length of head, maxillary barbel ;°,, outer mandibular

barbel 4, inner 4 length of head. 14 gill-rakers on anterior arch.

Clavicles feebly striated, distinct under the skin.

Dorsal 80-90; its distance from occipital process } length of head.

Anal 73. Dorsal and anal embracing base of caudal. Pectoral

about $ length of head, its spine feebly serrated on the outer side,

strongly on the inner, measuring 2 the length of the fin. Ventrals

446 Annals of the South African Museum.

12 times as distant from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal

3% length of head.

Colour (of preserved specimen), uniform reddish brown.

Fia. 99.—Clarias theodore. 2.

‘

One specimen, 127 mm. in length, from N.W. Rhodesia (Rev.

F. A. Rogers and HE. C. Chubb. Buluwayo Museum).

This fish is also reported from the Lake Ngami Basin, Natal and

Zululand.

2. HETEROBRANCHUS.

Geoff., Descr. Egypte, Poiss. (1809), part.; Giinth., Cat. Fish., v.,

p. 21 (1864); Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 265 (1901),

Fish. Nile, p. 300 (1907), Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 1094, and

Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 272 (1911).

Distinguished from Clarias by the division of the dorsal fin

into two parts, the posterior adipose and supported by the

prolongations of the neural spines.

* HETEROBRANCHUS LONGIFILIS, C. and V.

Heterobranchus longifilis, Cuv. and Val., Hist. Poiss., xv., p. 394,

pl. cecexlvii. (1840); Ginth., Cat. Fish, v., p. 22 (1864), and

Petherick’s Travels, i1., p. 221 (1869); Bouleng., Fish. Nile, p. 303,

pl. liv., fig. 2 (1907), Proc. Zool. Soc., 1907, p. 1095, and Cat. Fresh.

Fish: Atri; p24, figs 227 (aoa):

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 447

Heterobranchus laticeps, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 682, and

Reise Mossamb., iv., p. 37, pl. vii., fig. 1 (1868); Bouleng., Poiss.

Bass. Congo, p. 265 (1901).

“Depth of body 6-8 times in total length, length of head 3 to

3; times. Head depressed, 14 to 12 times as long as broad, its upper

surface coarsely granulate in the adult; occipital process acutely

pointed ; frontal fontanelle knife-shaped, 24 to 4 times as long as

broad, 35 to 64 times in length of head; occipital fontanelle small, in

advance of occipital process ; eye 24 (very young) to 44 times in length

of snout, 4 to 9 times in interorbital width; width of mouth a little

less than interorbital width; band of premaxillary teeth 5 to 6

times as long as broad; vomerine teeth also villiform, forming a

crescentic band, which is nearly as broad as or a little broader than

premaxillary band ; nasal barbel $ to once length of head; maxillary

barbel 11 to 2 times length of head, extending to end of pectoral or

Fic. 100.—Heterobranchus longifilis. }.

between this point and origin of anal ; outer mandibular barbel 14 to

1} times as long as inner, which measures } to nearly once length

of head, Gill-rakers rather short, 20 to 30 on anterior arch.

Dorsal 29-34; its distance from occipital process + to } length of

head; adipose dorsal as long as or a little shorter and lower than

rayed dorsal, commencing immediately behind or at a short distance

from the latter. Anal 44-54; extending, like the adipose dorsal, to

the base of the caudal fin. Pectoral 2 to $ length of head, the spine

feebly serrated on the outer border and measuring 4 (young) to £

the length of the fin. Ventral midway between end of snout and

base of caudal, or a little nearer the latter. Caudal 4 to 2 length of

head. Olive above, white beneath, sometimes with scattered black

blotches ; dorsal and anal fins pale olive, darker towards the edge,

which may be margined with red; caudal fin yellowish or pale

orange at the base, with a more or less distinct blackish crescentic

448 Annals of the South African Museum.

band, sharply defined in front, shading off to yellow or red behind ;

adipose dorsal fin often blackish at the end.

Total length 720 millim.

Nile, Omo, Niger, Congo, Zambesi.”’

3. PLOTOSUS.

Plotosus, Lacep., Hist. Poiss., v., p. 129 (1803) ; Giinth., Cat. Fish.,

v., p. 23 (1864) ; Vaill., Bul. Mus. Paris, 1903, p. 119; Bouleng., Cat.

Fresh: Hish® Airs a. p. 278 (L911).

Platystacus, part., Bloch, Ausl. Fische, viii., p. 52 (1793).

Body elongate, compressed, tapering to a point behind; a short

dorsal fin in front, with a pungent spine; a second dorsal and a

long anal, united with the caudal; head feebly depressed ; 4 pairs of

barbels—one nasal, one maxillary, two mandibular. Eye with free

orbital margin. Jaws with a band of obtusely conical teeth ; a group

of large granular teeth on vomer. Gill-membranes free from isthmus,

deeply notched in the middle.

Coasts of the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific, sometimes

entering fresh waters. One species has been found in fresh waters

in Kast Africa.

PLOTOSUS ANGUILLARIS, Bl.

Stlurus, sp. d., Forsk., Deser. Anim., p. xvi (1775).

Platystacus angullaris, Bloch, Ausl. Fische, viii., p. 60, pl. eeelxxiil.,

fig. 1 (1793).

Plotosus anguillaris, Lacep., Hist. Poiss., v., p. 129 (1803) ; Giinth.,

Cat. Fish., v., p. 24 (1864); Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii.,

p. 278, fig. 229 (1911).

Plotosus tkapor, Less. Voy. Coquille, Zool., ii, p. 132, pl. xxxi.,

fig. 3 (1830).

Plotosus marginatus, Bennett, Life of Raffles, p. 691 (1830).

Plotosus lineatus, Cuv. and Val., Hist. Poiss., xv., p. 412 (1840).

Plotosus castaneus, Bleek, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind., ii., 1851,

p. 490.

Plotosus arab, Bleek, Atl. Ichth., ii., p. 98, pl. xev., fig. 2 (1862) ;

Day, Fish. Ind., p. 483, pl. cxii., fig. 4 (1878).

Depth of body 5? to 62 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 42 to 5 times. Snout rounded, feebly projecting

beyond mouth, 22 to 2% times in length of head, interorbital width

22 to 3 times ; eye supero-lateral, 62 to 7? times in length of head ;

lips papillose ; teeth large; nasal barbel 2 length of head ; maxillary

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 449

and outer mandibular barbels nearly or quite equal, 2 to 4 length of

head; inner mandibular barbel } to 2 length of head. Gill-rakers

rather long, closely set, about 20 on lower part of anterior arch.

Dorsal i 5, 85; spine strong, serrated in front and behind, 5, to

3 length of head. Anal 70. Pectoral 4} to £ length of head, with a

strong but short spine serrated on both sides. Ventral 14 to 1,4

times as distant from caudal as from end of snout.

Fic. 101.—Plotosus anguillaris. %.

Colour (of preserved specimens), dark brown above, lighter below ;

3 more or less distinct pale bluish longitudinal streaks on body ; fins

light-coloured; outer edge of dorsal and of posterior half of anal

dark.

Four specimens, ranging from 151-164 mm. in length respectively,

from Natal (Romer Robinson).

It is also reported from the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific, as

far North as Japan.

4. EUTROPIUS.

Mill. and Frosch., Hor. Ichthyol., iii., p. 6 (1849) ; Giinth., Cat. Fish.,

v.,p. 52 (1864); Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 266 (1901), Fish.

Nile p. 306 (1907), Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 279 (1911).

Dorsal fin short, adipose dorsal very small, anal much elongate ;

4 pairs of barbels—one nasal, one maxillary, two mentals or mandi-

bulars. Nostrils widely separated. Eye large, with a free border.

Jaws with a band of villiform teeth; a band of villiform vomero-

palatine teeth. Guill-membranes free, deeply notched.

EUTROPIUS DEPRESSIROSTRIS, Peters.

Bagrus depressirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 682.

Eutropius depressirostris, Peters, Arch.f. Nat., 1855, p. 267; Giinth.,

Cat. Fish., v., p. 54 (1864); Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii.,

p. 291, fig. 237 (1911).

450 Annals of the South African Museum.

Eutropius lemairit, Bouleng., Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool., i., p. 138,

pl. L, fig. 3 (1900), and Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 272 (1901).

Depth of body 4 to 42 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 41 to 43 times. Head 1} to 1} times as long as

broad: snout broad, lower jaw projecting; eye perfectly lateral,

5 to 64 times in length of head, 24 to 3% times in interorbital width ;

width of mouth about equal to interorbital width; vomero-palatine

teeth forming an uninterrupted band which is narrower than the band

of premaxillary teeth; nasal barbel ,%, to 2 length of head, maxillary

and outer mandibular 2 to 2, inner mandibular 4. Gill-rakers

moderately long and thick, widely set, 10-12 on lower part of

anterior arch.

Fie. 102.—Eutropius depressirostris.

Dorsal i 6; entirely or nearly entirely in advance of ventrals, 1+ to

1,°, times as distant from caudal as from end of snout; its spine

slender, feebly serrated behind in its upper half, ? length of head. Anal

53-56; 3 or 4 anterior rays simple, the following gradually decreasing

in length. Pectoral not reaching ventral, its spine feebly serrated

on inner side, about as long as and a little stronger than that of

dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, with rounded or obtusely pointed

lobes; caudal peduncle about 1 to 14 times as long as deep.

Colour (of preserved specimens), reddish brown above, whitish

beneath ; sides finely speckled with minute dark dots; an indistinct

large dark blotch above the pectoral fin.

One specimen, 275 mm. in length, from Thabina River, Transvaal

(C. J. Swierstra).

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 451

Two specimens, 140 mm., 154 mm. in length respectively, from

Pienaars River, Transvaal (C. J. Swierstra).

One specimen, 195 mm. in length, from Umguazi River, Rhodesia

(20 miles N. of Zambezi River).

5. SCHILBE.

Cuv., Régne Anim., ii., p. 202 (1817), part. ; Giinth., Cat. Fish., v.,

p. 40 (1864) ; Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 273 (1901), Fish. Nile,

p. 311 (1907), Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 293 (1911).

Differs from Hutropius only in the absence of the adipose dorsal

fin.

ScHILBE mystus, L.

Silurus mystus, Linn., in Hasselq. Reise Palast., p. 419 (1762),

and Syst. Nat., 1., p. 502 (1766).

Schilbe mystus, Riipp., Beschr. n. Fische Nil, p. 5 (1829); Cuv.

and Val., Hist. Poiss., xvi., p. 872 (1839) ; Giinth., Cat. Fish., v., p. 50

(1864); Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 273 (1901), Fish. Nile,

poli pl Ivn fig. 1 (1907), and Cat. Fresh. Wish. Afr., ., p. 293;

fig. 238 (1911).

Chilbé cherissié, Rifaud, Voy. Egypte, pl. cxciil., No. 30 (1830).

Schilbe intermedius, Ripp., Fortsetz. Beschr. n. Fische, p. 6

(1832).

Schilbe auratus, Joannis, Mag. Zool., 1835, pl. v.

Schilbe senegalus, Cuv. and Val., t.c., p. 378.

Schilbe dispila, Ginth., t.c., pp. 51, 223, and Ann. and Mag. N.H.

(6), xvii., 1896, p. 276; Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 274.

Schilbe senegalensis, var. fasciata, Steind., Sitzb. Ak. Wien, lx., 1.,

1872, p. 983, pl. vi., figs. 1 and 2.

? Schilbe bowviert, Rochebr., Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), ix., 1885, p. 95.

Depth of body 4! to 4* times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 4 to 4,5 times. Head 12 to 1% times as long as

broad; snout broad, 12 times to twice as long as eye, lower jaw

projecting; eye perfectly lateral, 5 to 7 times in length of head,

24 to 34 times in interorbital width ; width of mouth about equal to

interorbital width. Vomero-palatine teeth forming an uninterrupted

crescentic band, which is narrower than the band of the premaxillary

teeth. Nasal barbel 3, to 4 length of head; maxillary and outer

mandibular barbels about equal and 2 to 2 length of head, inner

mandibular barbel 2 to 4 length of outer. Gill-rakers moderately

long, widely set, 9-12 on lower part of anterior arch.

452 Annals of the South African Musewm.

Dorsal i 6; entirely in advance of ventrals, 13 times to nearly

twice as distant from caudal as from point of snout; its spine

slender, feebly serrated behind, measuring 4 to ,%, length of head

and produced into a short filament. Anal 60-62; 3 or 4 anterior

rays simple, the following gradually decreasing in length. Pectoral

not reaching ventral, its spine feebly serrated on the inner side, as

long as or a little longer than that of dorsal and also stronger.

Caudal deeply forked, with obtusely pointed lobes ; caudal peduncle

a little deeper than long.

Colour (of preserved specimens), dark brown above, silvery below

lateral line; a blackish, ill-defined blotch on each side above the

Fie. 103.—Schilbe mystus. 4.

pectoral fin; outer border of lobes of caudal and base of inner rays

whitish. The smaller specimen has 3 darkish streaks on each side,

the upper along the back and continued faintly on upper lobe of

caudal fin, the lower extending from below pectoral fin to lower

lobe of caudal, the middle from the humeral blotch to root of caudal ;

a white band along lower third of rays of anal fin.

Two specimens, 130 mm., 295 mm. in length respectively ; the

smaller from Zambezi (A. Stephenson) : the larger from Kafue River,

tributary of the Zambezi River (J. Drury).

It is also reported from the Nile and Tropical Africa.

6. GEPHYROGLANIS.

Bouleng., Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool., i., p. 42 (1899), Poiss. Bass. Congo,

p. 292 (1901), Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 344 (1911).

Dorsal and anal fins short; an adipose dorsal fin; 4 pairs of

barbels—one nasal, one maxillary, two mandibular. Nostrils widely

separated from each other. Eye supero-lateral, with free border.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 453

Jaws with a band of villiform teeth; no teeth on palate. Gill-

membranes free, deeply notched.

GEPHYROGLANIS SCLATERI, Bler.

Bouleng., Ann. 8. Afr. Mus., ii., 1901, p. 228, pl. xiii., and Cat. Fresh.

Fish. Afr , ii., p. 347, fig. 269 (1911).

Depth of body 44 to 6 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 35 to 4 times. Head 1+ to 14 times as broad as deep,

12 to 14 times as long as broad, perfectly smooth ; occipital process

much longer than broad, in contact with the interneural shield ;

snout obtusely conical, 2 to $ length of head; eye 53 to 7 times

in length of head, 1+ to 24 times in interocular width ; nasal barbel

Fic. 104.—Gephyroglanis sclatert.

very short, ,3, to + diameter of eye; maxillary barbel ;'5 to $ length

of head, outer mandibular 3, to 2,inner } to}. Mouth 3 to 4 width

of head ; premaxillary band of teeth curved, 3 to 4 times as long as

broad.

Dorsal i 7 ; 14 times to twice as deep as long, not reaching adipose

fin when folded; spine strong, smooth, 2 to 4% length of head ;

longest soft ray ;7, to $ length of head. Adipose fin 3} to 4 times as

long as deep, its distance from dorsal 12 to 1} times its length.

Anal 16-17 ; 11-12 rays branched. Pectoral spine ? to 7¢ length of

dorsal spine, strongly serrated on inner border. Caudal forked, with

obtuse lobes, 2 to 2 length of head; caudal peduncle 1% times to

twice as long as deep.

454 Annals of the South African Museum.

Colour (of preserved specimens), uniform dark or reddish brown

above, whitish beneath.

One specimen, 165 mm. in length, from Vaal River, Transvaal.

Three specimens, ranging from 104-164 mm. in length, from

Mooi River, Transvaal (H. Fry).

One specimen, 146 mm. in length, from Transvaal River,

Johannesburg (H. Fry).

One specimen, 130 mm. in length, from Kraai River, Cape

Province.

One specimen, 69 mm. in length, from Potchefstroom, Transvaal

(Mr. Stenning).

Two specimens, 220 mm. in length, from Kafue River (J. Drury).

7. AUCHENOGLANIS.

Auchenaspis (non Egerton), Bleek., Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., i.,

1863, p. 101; Giinth., Cat. Fish., v., p. 137 (1864).

Auchenoglanis, Giinth., Zool. Rec., i., p. 165 (1865); Bouleng.,

Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 294 (1901); Fish. Nile, p. 344 (1907), and

Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 366 (15a):

Oxyglanis, Vincig., Ann. Mus. Genova (2), xix., 1898, p. 249.

‘‘ Body moderately elongate, feebly compressed. Dorsal and anal

fins short, the former composed of a spine and 7 or 8 branched rays,

and followed by a very long adipose fin. Pectoral fin with a spine.

Ventral fin with 6 rays, just behind the vertical of the dorsal fin.

Three pairs of barbels: maxillary and two mandibulars. Nostrils

widely separated from each other, the anterior tubular, on the upper

lip, the posterior slit-like. Hye supero-lateral, with free border.

Premaxillaries small; maxillaries, hidden in the lip, comparatively

large, bordering the mouth. Jaws with villiform teeth, which may

be reduced to small groups; palate toothless. Gill-membranes free,

feebly notched. Air-bladder large, free.

Vertebree 43-48 (18-21 + 25-27). Nine branchiostegal rays.

Intestinal canal much elongate and forming numerous convolutions.

Nile and Tropical Africa.”

** AUCHENOGLANIS NGAMENSIS, Bler.

Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 371, fig. 287 (1911), and Trans.

Zool. Soe., vol. xviii., pt. v., 1911, p. 405.

‘‘ Depth of body 54 times in total length, length of head 34 times.

Head moderately depressed, 1} times as long as broad, upper

surface smooth ; operculum with radiating strie ; occipital process

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 455

small, longer than broad, in contact with the moderately large inter-

neural plate; snout pointed, } length of head; eye supero-lateral,

8 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width ; mouth small,

nearly terminal, with thick papillose lips; pramaxillary teeth in a

small patch a little broader than long, with notched posterior border.

Maxillary and inner mandibular barbels 4 length of head; outer

mandibular slightly shorter than head, reaching base of pectoral fin.

Gill-rakers rather long, 8 on lower part of anterior arch. Humeral

process short, triangular, feebly striated.

Dorsal i 7; spine moderately strong, smooth, } length of head, as

Fic. 105.—<Auchenoglanis ngamensis. 2.

long as longest soft rays. Adipose dorsal 9 times as long as deep,

originating immediately behind rayed dorsal and extending nearly to

root of caudal. Anal 13 (8 rays branched). Pectoral not reaching

ventral ; spine strong ; strongly serrated on inner side. Ventral not

reaching anal. Caudal rounded.

Olive-brown, with numerous small round black spots, some

of which form vertical bars on the sides of the body; belly

white.

Total length 220 millim.

Lake Ngami district, Bechuanaland.

456 Annals of the South African Museum.

A, ngamensis, is closely allied to A. ballayi, Sauv., from Cameroon,

the Gaboon, and the Congo.”

8. ARIUS.

Arius, Cuv. and Val., Hist. Poiss., xv., p. 53 (1840), part. ; Mill.

and Trosch., Hor. Ichthyol., iii., p. 6 (1849) ; Bleek., Nederl. Tijdschr.

Dierk., i. (1863), p. 91; Giinth., Cat. Fish., v., p. 138 (1864), part. ;

Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 298 (1901), and Cat. Fresh. Fish.

Afr, i, p. 365 (Lodi):

Artodes, Mill. and Trosch., l.c.

Pseudarius, Bleek., l.c.

‘‘ Body moderately elongate, not or but feebly compressed. Dorsal

and anal fins short, the former consisting of a spine and 6 or 7

branched rays; a small adipose fin. Pectoral fin with a spine.

Ventral fin with 6 rays, inserted behind the vertical of the dorsal fin.

Three pairs of barbels; maxillary and two mandibulars. Nostrils

close together. Eyes lateral or supero-lateral, with free border.

Maxillary bone rudimentary; jaws with a band of villiform teeth ;

teeth on the pterygoids, none on the vomer. Gill-membranes

narrowly attached to isthmus, not notched, forming a continuous

transverse fold.

Vertebrae 48-58 (22-29 + 27-33). Branchiostegal rays 5 or 6.

Tropical seas ; a few species in fresh waters, or entering rivers.”’

* ARIUS KIRKII, Giinth.

Giinth., Cat. Fish., v., p. 163 (1864); Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish.

Ati, di.) Pasoon loi).

“Depth of body about 5 times in total length, length of head

34 times. Occipital region granulated ; occipital process tectiform,

broader than long, in contact with a small interneural shield; eye

44 times in length of head and 2 times in interocular width;

premaxillary band of teeth short, about 4 times as long as broad;

palate with two patches of granular teeth on each side, the anterior

patch small and rounded, widely separated from its fellow and

narrowly from the posterior, which is large, sub-triangular, and

longer than broad; maxillary barbel as long as head. Dorsal i 7;

spine 2 length of head, very feebly serrated in front and behind.

Adipose dorsal small, about 24 times as distant from rayed dorsal as

from caudal, Anal 17 (12 rays branched). Pectoral spine similar

to dorsal, but rather more strongly serrated.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 457

Closely allied to the Indian Ocean A. dusswnuieri, C. and V., and

imperfectly known from a half-skin of a small specimen, the palate

of which is injured.*

Zambezi.”

9. SYNODONTIS.

Cuv., Régne Anim., ii, p. 203 (1817); Cuv. and Val., Hist.

Poiss., xv., p. 244 (1840) ; Giinth., Cat. Fish., v., p. 210 (1864) ;

Vaill., N. Arch. Mus. (8), vil., 1895, p. 233, and_viii., 1896,

p- 87; Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 301 (1901), Fish. Nile,

p. 350 (1907), Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 391 (1911).

Dorsal fin short, a large or very large adipose dorsal fin; a

cephalo-nuchal bony shield, united to clavicular bones; 3 pairs of

barbels—one maxillary and two mandibular, all or at least latter

branched. Nostrils widely separated, anterior tubular. A band of

conical premaxillary teeth; movable teeth implanted in lower lip

usually followed by small teeth on lower jaw; palate toothless.

Key to Species.

Pectoral spine feebly serrated on outer border, not

reaching ventral. Adipose dorsal 14-23 times as

long as its distance from rayed dorsal; mandibular

barbels with long slender branches without rami- ~

fications ; humeral process much longer than

broad; movable mandibular teeth 35-38 .. io IG ANE

zambezensis, Peters.

Pectoral spine feebly serrated on outer border. Adi-

pose dorsal as long as its distance from rayed dorsal ;

mandibular barbels with long slender branches ;

humeral process slightly longer than broad ; movable

mandibular teeth 20. Analrounded.. .. .. .. 2.

. woosnami, Blgr.

Pectoral spine feebly serrated on outer side ; adipose

dorsal as long as its distance from rayed dorsal ;

mandibular barbels with short simple branches,

inner row bifid; movable mandibular teeth 18.

Humeral process not longer than broad. Anal

MOMedeMArONbe) ae es, Seo) wee wa oa boar ae Oe Se

nebulosus, Peters.

Pectoral spine strongly serrated on outer side, very

strongly on inner; adipose dorsal 14 times as long

as its distance from rayed dorsal; mandibular

barbels with short tubercular branches ; movable

mandibular teeth 20-26. Humeral process a little

longer than broad. Analrounded .. .. .. .. 4. S. macrostigma, Bley.

* «The figure of the teeth, as given by Giinther, is consequently not quite

correct.”’

458 Annals of the South African Museum.

1. SYNODONTIS ZAMBEZENSIS, Peters.

(Batoka name, “Tshigogo’”’; Barotse name, ‘“ Singongi.’’)

Synodontis zambezensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 682;

Ginth., Cat. Fish., v., p. 214 (1864); Peters, Reise Mossamb., iv.,

p. 31, pl. v., figs. 2 and 3 (1868); Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo,

p. 314 (1901), and Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 415, fig. 312 (1911).

Synodontis gambiensis, part., Giinth. and Playf., Fish. Zanzib.,

p. tld) pl) xvu5 fg. (1866):

? Synodontis zanzibaricus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1868, p. 600.

Synodontis punctulatus, Giinth., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1889, p. 71, and

1896, p. 223.

Synodontis zambezensis rukwaensis, Hilgend. and Pappenh., Sitzb.

Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl., 1903, p. 267.

Synodontis nyass@, Keilhack, Sitz. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl., 1908,

p. 168.

Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length excluding caudal,

length of head 4 to 44 times. Head 1,5 to 1+ times as long as

Fic. 106.—Synodontis zambezensis. 4.

broad, rugose above behind snout, which is rounded and 1 to 1}

times as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 64 to

62 times in length of head and 27 to 2 times in interorbital width ;

lips moderately developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short

broad band; movable mandibular teeth + to 2 diameter of eye in

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 459

length, 35-38 in number. Maxillary barbel with a narrow mem-

brane at base, 1} to 12 times as long as head, reaching to between

anterior or posterior third of pectoral spine; outer mandibular

barbel 2 to 22 times as long as inner and both with long slender

branches, the inner barbel sometimes with a few tubercular ramifica-

tions. Gill-openings not extending downwards beyond root of

pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rough like the occiput,

obtusely tectiform, 12 to 1% times as long as broad, with pointed

posterior processes. Humeral process much longer than broad, not

distinctly keeled, sharply pointed, extending as far or almost as far

back as occipito-nuchal process

Dorsal 1 7; spine nearly as long as head, feebly curved, striated,

sharp-edged in front and rather feebly serrated behind. Adipose

dorsal 3 to 34 times as long as deep, 1+ to 24 times as long as its

distance from rayed dorsal. Anal iv 8; obtusely pointed in front.

Pectoral spine nearly as long as head, not reaching ventral, outer

border feebly inner strongly serrated. Ventral not reaching anal.

Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe the longer; caudal peduncle 1+ to

14 times as long as deep.

Colour (of preserved specimens) uniform brown or bluish brown ;

tail with a greenish tinge.

Two specimens, 196 mm., 224 mm. in length respectively, from

Zambezi River, gorge several miles below the Victoria Falls

(EF. W. Sykes).

It is also reported from East Africa, from the Webi Shebeli to the

Zambezi. ~

* 2. SYNODONTIS WOOSNAMI, Bler.

Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 424, fig. 319 (1911), and Trans.

Zool. Soc., xviii., v., 1911, p. 406.

‘“‘ Depth of body 34 times in total length, length of head 32 times.

Head a little longer than broad, rugose above from between the

eyes ; snout as long as postocular part of head ; eye supero-lateral,

6 times in length of head, twice in interorbital width; lips mode-

rately developed; pramaxillary teeth forming a short and broad

band ; movable mandibular teeth + diameter of eye, 20 in number.

Maxillary barbel not margined, * length of head, reaching a little

beyond root of pectoral spine ; mandibular barbels with long slender

branches, outer 14 times as long as inner. Gill-opening not extend-

ing downwards beyond base of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal

shield rugose like the occiput, a little longer than broad, posterior

processes obtusely pointed. Humeral process slightly longer than

460 Annals of the South African Museum.

broad, obtusely pointed, not extending so far back as occipito-

nuchal process.

Dorsal i 7; spine = length of head, slightly curved, smooth in

front, feebly serrated behind. Adipose dorsal 3} times as long as

deep, as long as its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal iv 8;

rounded. Pectoral spine as long as dorsal, rather feebly serrated

Fie. 107.—Synodotus woosnami.

ores

on outer border, strongly on inner. Ventral rounded, not reaching

anal. Caudal deeply notched. Caudal peduncle a little longer than

deep.

Dark brown above, lighter beneath ; back, sides, and fins closely

dotted with black.

Total length 150 millim.

Lake Ngami district, Bechuanaland.”

* 3. SYNODONTIS NEBULOSUS, Peters.

Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 682, and Reise Mossamb., iv., p. 28,

pl. v., fig. 1 (1868) ; Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., ii., p. 423,

fig. 318 (1911).

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 461

‘Depth of body 5 times in total length, length of head 33 times.

Head a little longer than broad, rugose above from between the eyes ;

snout as long as postocular part of head; eye supero-lateral, 44 times

in length of head, twice in interorbital width; lips moderately

developed; premaxillary teeth forming a short and broad band,

movable mandibular teeth not 4 diameter of eye, 18 in number.

Maxillary barbel not margined, a little shorter than head, reaching

a little beyond base of pectoral spine; outer mandibular barbels

twice as long as inner, with short simple branches, inner with very

short, bifid branches. Gill-opening not extending downwards

beyond base of pectoral spine. Occipito-nuchal shield rugose like

the occiput, as long as broad, posterior processes pointed. Humeral

Fre. 108.—Synodontis nebulosus.

process not longer than broad, obtusely pointed, not extending so far

back as occipito-nuchal process.

Dorsal i 7; spine shorter than head, smooth in front, serrated

behind. Adipose dorsal about 5 times as long as deep, as long as

its distance from rayed dorsal. Anal iv 8; pointed in front. Pectoral

spine shorter than head, feebly serrated on outer border, strongly

on inner. Ventral nearly reaching anal. Caudal deeply notched.

Caudal peduncle a little longer than deep.

Yellowish green above, with ill-defined, irregular, large blackish

spots, yellowish white beneath; fins yellowish green with transverse

series of black spots.

Total length 150 millim.

Lower Zambezi.”

462 Annals of the South African Museum.

5. SYNODONTIS MACROSTIGMA, Bler.

Bouleng., Cat. Fresh. Fish. Afr., i1., p. 432, fig. 325 (1911), and Trans.

Zool Soc, xvii, -v., VILL, p. 407:

Depth of body 4,8, times in total length excluding caudal, length

of head 33 times. Head 1,8, times as long as broad, rugose above ;

snout rounded and a little longer than postocular portion of head ;

eye supero-lateral, 44 times in length of head and 1+ times in inter-

orbital width ; lips moderately developed ; premaxillary teeth forming

a short, broad band; movable mandibular teeth ;%, diameter of eye,

Fra. 109.—Synodontis macrostigima, The type. 4.

18 in number. Maxillary barbel with a marginal membrane behind

and a series of indistinct round warts in front, 74 length of head and

not quite reaching base of pectoral spine; mandibular barbels with

short tubercular branches, outer 12 times as long as inner. Gill-

openings not extending downwards beyond root of pectoral spine.

Occipito-nuchal shield convex, rough like occiput, as long as broad,

posterior processes obtusely pointed. Humeral process 14 times as

long as broad, triangular, granulate, without keel, extending as far

back as occipito-nuchal process.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 463

Dorsal i 7 ; bony portion of spine # length of head, slightly curved,

strong, striated, strongly serrated behind and smooth in front.

Adipose dorsal 42 times as long as deep, 1} times as long as its

distance from rayed dorsal. Anal iv 8; rounded. Pectoral spine

longer than bony portion of dorsal spine, not reaching ventral,

roughly serrated on middle part of outer border and strongly serrated

on inner border. Caudal forked; caudal peduncle 14 times as long

as deep.

Fie. 110.—Synodontis macrostigma. Younger specimen from the Kafue River.

Colour (of preserved specimen), brown, darker above than beneath ;

back and sides with large, oval, dark spots in irregular lines; head

and fins with small dark spots.

One specimen, 125 mm. in length, from Kafue River, tributary of

the Zambezi (J. Drury).

This fish, for the determination of which we are indebted to Mr.

Boulenger, closely resembles his S. macrostigma, but the eye is much

larger proportionately, the spots are fewer and larger, as shown in

Fig. 110, and there are other minor differences.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 465

Sup-orprer APODES.

Famitry ANGUILLIDA.

ANGUILLA.

Shaw, Gen. Zool., iv, p. 15 (1804) ; Giinth., Cat. Fish., viii, p. 23 (1870) ;

Bouleng., Fish. Nile, p. 401 (1907), and Cat. Freshw. Fish. Afr.,

i, p. 3 (1915).

“ Body much elongate, serpentiform, with minute scales imbedded

in the skin, arranged in small groups placed obliquely at right angles

to one another. Pectoral fins well developed ; dorsal and anal fins

very long, united at the end of the tail, the former originating at a

great distance from the occiput. Mouth large, with more or less

developed lips; jaws and palate with bands of small pointed teeth ;

Cc.

Fie. 111.—Dentition of upper jaw and palate in adult specimens of:

(a) A. mossambica; (b) A. bengalensis; (c) A. australis. The bands of

teeth are narrower in young specimens.

nostrils widely separated from each other, the anterior tubular and at

the tip of the snout, the posterior slit-like and close to the eye. Gull-

openings small, crescentic, close to the base of the pectoral fins.

Breed in the deep sea, where they undergo very marked meta-

morphoses (larval forms knownas Leptocephaius). In Africa, confined

to the rivers flowing into the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic

and Indian Oceans.” Bilqr. |

Occasional specimens, of a large size, have been reported from the

mouth of the Orange River.

Synopsis of the Species.

1. Dorsal originating well in advance of vent.

Mouth extending beyond eye ; teeth on sides of jaw in

3 (young) to 6 series, not separated by a longi-

tudinal groove or interspace . : 5 : . A. mossambica, Peters.

466 Annals of the South African Museum.

Mouth extending to below posterior border of eye or

beyond ; teeth on sides of jaw in 2 series, separated

by a longitudinal groove or interspace (young), or

in a single or double series with an inner detached

series of minute, sometimes very indistinct teeth . A. bengalensis, Gray.

. Dorsal originating above or slightly in advance of

vent; teeth on sides of jaw in 4 (young) to 10

series : : : . ; ; ; . A. australis, Rich.

1. ANGUILLA MOSSAMBICA, Peters.

Tribranchus anguillaris, Peters,in J. Mill. Abhand. Ak. Berl., 1844,

pa los:

Muraena (Anguilla) mossambica, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852,

p- 684.

Anguilla celebesensis, Kaup, Cat. Apod. Fish., p. 42 (1856); M. Web.,

Zool. Jabrb., Suppl. xv, i, 1912, p. 585, figs.

Anguilla delalandii, Kaup, t.c., p. 50, pl. vii, fig. 41 (1856) ; Bleek.

Visch. v. d. Kaap, p. 56, name only (1860); Ginth., Cat. Fish., viii,

p. 33 (1870) ; Sauvage, Hist. Madagascar, Poiss., p. 498, pl. 1, fig. 6

(1891) ; Gilchr., Cat. Fish. Mar. Inv. S. Afr., i, 1902, p. 154.

Anguilla capensis, Kaup, Abh Nat. Ver. Hamb., iv, 2, 1859, p. 18,

pl. u, fig. 2; Cast. Mem. Poiss. Afr. Austr., p. 73 (1861).

Anguilla labiata (part.), Playf. and Giinth., Fish. Zanzibar, p. 124,

fie. (1866),

Anguilla mossambica, Peters, Reise Mossamb., iv, p. 98, pl. xviii,

fig. 1 (1868); Giinth., t.c., p. 28 (1870) ; M. Web., t.c., p. 590 (1912) ;

Bouleng., Freshw. Fish. Afr., ii, p. 6 (1915).

Anguilla aneitensis, Giinth., t.c., p. 34 (1870) ; M. Web., Fische Aru-

und Kei-Ins., p. 22 (1911).

Anguilla virescens (part.), Giinth., t.c., p. 35 (1870).

Anguilla megastoma, Kaup, Cat. Apod. Fish., p. 30 (1856); Jord.

and Seale, Fish. Samoa, p. 192 (1906).

Teeth in moderately broad bands of four to six series, tapering

posteriorly ; vomerine teeth in a similar band narrowing posteriorly.

Mouth extending to below or a little beyond posterior border of eye ;

lower jaw projecting. Distance from end of snout to gill-opening 23

to 24 times in distance from end of snout to vent. Tail much longer

than body. Origin of dorsal much in advance of vent, nearly midway

between pectoral and vent or slightly nearer the latter. Pectoral 22

to 24 times in its distance from end of snout.

Colour (of preserved specimens) olive green or brown above, yellowish

or whitish beneath.

The Hreshwater Fishes of South Africa. 467

One specimen, 473 mm. in length from M’fongosi, Zululand (W. E.

Jones. )

Two specimens, 408 mm., 426 mm. in length respectively, from

Manzemntonto River, Transvaal (Major J. Stevenson Hamilton).

T'wo specimens, 276 mm., 340 mm. in length respectively, from

Isipingo, Natal (Freshwater).

The species is also reported from the Indian and South Pacific

Oceans, and as entering the rivers of East and South Africa.

Fre. 112.—Anguilla mossambicr. Type, after Peters (Iteise Mossamb.). 4

2. ANGUILLA BENGALENSIS, Gray.

Muraena bengalensis, Gray in Hardw. Ill. Indian Zool., pl. —

fig. 5 (1830).

Anguilla mauritiana, Benn., Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc., 1831, p. 128;

Giinth., Cat. Fish., viii, p. 25 (1870); Shore Fishes, Challenger, p. 58

(1880) ; and Fische Siid-see, p. 589 (1910) ; Jord and Everm., Fish.

Formosa, in Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxv, 1903, p- 325 ; M. Web., Zool.

Jahrb., Supp. xv, i, 1912, p. 582, fig.

Anguilla elphinstonei, Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soc., ii, 1841, ps oo aI.

Web., t.c., p. 578.

Muraena (Anguilla) labiata, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 684.

Muraena (Anguilla) macrophthalma, Peters, Lec.

Anguilla johannae, Playf.'and Ginth., Fish. Zanzibar, p. 124, fig.

(1866).

Anguilla labiata (part.), Playf. and Giinth., Le.

Anguilla labiata, Peters, Wiegm. Arch., 1855, p. 270, and Reise

Mossamb., iv, p. 94, pl. xvii (1868); Giinth., Cat. Fish., viii, p. 26

(1870); Vincig. Aun. Mus. Genova (2), xv, 1895, p. 27; Pfeffer, Ost-

Afrik. Fische, p. 41 (1893,, and Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 71 (1896) ;

Gilchr.. Cat. Fish. Mar. Inv. 8. Afr., i, 1902, p. 155.

Anguilla macrophthalma, Peters, 1.c., py 20; ple sax.) Gunth:, tes p-

28 (1870).

468 Annals of the South African Museum.

Anguilla bengalensis, Giinth., t.c., p. 27 (1870), and Proe. Zool. Soc.,

1904, p. 91; Bouleng., Proc. Zool. Scc., 1902, ii, p. 224, and Freshw.

Fish. Afr., ili, p. 7, fig. 5 (1915).

? Anguilla hildebrandti, Sauvage, Hist. Madagascar, Poiss., p. 499,

pl. xhx a, fig. 1 (1891).

Maxillary and mandibulary teeth in bands tapering on the sides to

a single or double series on the outer side separated by an interspace

Fig. 113.—Angwilla bengalensis. Zambesi (type of A. labiata), after Peters

(Reise Mossamb.). 3.

from an inner series of small teeth ; vomerine patch of teeth tapering

to a narrow band. Mouth extending to beyond posterior border of

eye; lower jaw projecting. Distance from end of snout to gill-opening

2? to 3} times in distance from end of snout to vent. Tail much

longer than body. Origin of dorsal midway between pectoral and

vent, or a little nearer to the former. Pectoral 23 to 34, times in its

distance from end of snout.

Colour (of preserved specimens), reddish brown.

' Qne specimen, 463 mm. in length, from Orange River (Dr. D. R.

Kannemeyer). —

LE Oa I pe

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 469

One specimen, 392 mm. in length, from M’fongosi, Zululand

(W. E. Jones).

It isalso reported from the Indian and South Pacific Oceans, entering

rivers of Hast and South Africa.

3. *ANGUILLA AUSTRALIS, Richards.

Anguilla australis, Richards., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1841, p. 22, and

Trans. Zool. Soc., ii, 1843, p. 157; M. Weber, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. xv, 1,

1912, p. 593; Bouleng., Freshw. Fish. Africa, iii, p. 9, fig. 6 (1915).

Anguilla bicolor, McClell., Caleutta Journ. N. H., 1845, p. 178, pl. vi,

fig. 1; Ginth., Cat. Fish., viii. p. 35 (1870).

Muraena macrocephala, Rapp, Jahresh. Ver. Nat. Wirttemb., iv,

1849, p. 142, pl. 11.

Muraena (Anguilla) virescens, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1852, p. 684.

Anguilla amblodon, Playf. and Giinth., Fish. Zanzibar, p. 125, fig.,

1886 ; Giinth., t.c., p. 37.

Anguilla virescens, Peters, Reise Mossamb., iv, p. 101, pl. xxui,

fig. 2 (1868) ; Pfeffer, Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 71 (1896) ; Gunth.,

Fische Siid-see, p. 392 (1910).

Anguilla virescens (part.), Giinth., t.c., p. BD.

Fria. 114.— Anguilla australis. Licuare R. (type of A. virescens), after

Peters (Reise Mossamb.). 3.

“Teeth forming broad bands, in 4 to 10 series, on the sides of the

upper and lower jaws.* Mouth extending to below posterior border

of eye or beyond; lower jaw projecting. Distance from end of snout

* In this, as in other species, the bands of teeth are wider in the adult than

in the young, the great width of these bands in the type of A. amblodon being

due to its large size (1070 millim.).

470 Annals of the South African Museum.

to gill-opening 5 to 3} times in distance from end of snout to vent.

Tail longer than body. Origin of dorsal above or shghtly in advance

of vent. Pectoral 25 to 4 times in distance from end of snout.

Olive or dark green above, yellowish or white beneath. Vertebrae

105-109.

Total length over 1 metre.

Indian and South Pacific Oceans; entering rivers of Kast Africa

and Natal.”

Sus-orpER HAPLOMI.

Famity GALAXIIDAKH.

“The Galaxiidae present many analogies to the Salmonidae of the

Northern Hemisphere, both beimg circumpolar groups of marine

origin which are establishing themselves in fresh-water. In both

families we meet with non-migratory forms which appear to have

finally left the sea, and with others which return to the sea periodically ;

but whilst the migratory Salmonidae are anadromous (ascending

rivers to spawn), the migratory Galaziidae, on the contrary, are

catadromous (going down to the sca to spawn). . . . The

burrowing-habits of a species of Galavias have been recorded by

T. 8. Hall (Vict. Nat., xvii, 1900, p. 65), who states that, according

to the observations of Mr. Russell Ritchie of Launceston, in Tasmania,

Galaxias have been dug up in moist peaty soil, and swim when

placed in water. As many as twelve at a time have been dug up in

one place and lived in water in a pickle jar for various periods up to

three days.’ (Regan; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1905, vol. ii, p. 364.)

GALAXTAS.

Galazias, Cuv., Regne Anim., ii, p. 183 (1817); Cuv. and Val.,

Hist. Nat. Poiss., xviii, p. 340 (1846) ; Gunth., Cat. Fish., vi, p. 208

(1866); Regan, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1905, 1, p. 365, and Trans. Roy.

Soc. Edinb., xlix, pt. ii (No. 2), 1913, pp. 290, 291; Bouleng., Cat.

Freshw. Fish. Afr., 11 (1915), p. 12.

Mesites (non Geoft.), Jenyns, Voy. Beagle, Fish., p. 118 (1842).

Austrocobitis, Ogilby, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S. Wales, xxiv, 1899

p. 158,

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa 471

1. GALAXIAS ZEBRATUS, Cast.

Cobitis zebratus, Cast., Mém. Poiss. Afr. Austr., p. 56 (1861).

Galaxias capensis, Steindr., Sitz. Ak. Wien, ciii, i, 1894, p. 460,

pl. iii, fig. 2; M. Web., Zool. Jahrb., Syst. x, 1897, p. 154.

Galaxias zebratus, Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvi,

1905, p. 51, and Freshw. Fish. Afr., iii, p. 12, fig. 8 (1915) ; Regan,

Proc. Zool. Soc., 1905, ii, p. 367.

Teeth small, subequal. Depth of body 52 to 62 times in total

length excluding caudal, length of head 32 to 4 times. Snout

rounded, as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 3} to 4 times

in length of head; jaws about equal in front, chin feebly projecting ;

mouth extemiing to below anterior border or anterior fourth of eye.

Gill-rakers short, 8 on lower part of anterior arch.

Dorsal in-iv 7-8 ; originating at nearly equal distance from occiput

and from base of caudal. Pectoral } to 2 length of head or distance

Fie. 115.—Galazias zebratus.

from its base to ventral. Ventral 6-rayed, equally distant from end

of snout and from base of caudal. Anal iii—iv 7-8, originating below

middle or anteror half of dorsal. Caudal rounded-subtruneate,

continued anteriorly on caudal peduncle, which is twice or nearly

twice as long as deep. ;

Colour (of preserved specimens) greyish or brownish, minutely

speckled with dark specks, uniform or with numerous faint crogs-

bars on back and sides.

Several speciinens, ranging from 19-31 mm. in length, from

Somerset West, Cape Province.

Three specimens, ranging from 20-31 mm. in length, from Willem’s

River, Calvinia, Cape Province (Revd. C. L. Leipoldt).

Three specimens, ranging from 22-24 mm. in length, from George

River (7), Cape Province.

2. GALAXIAS PUNCTIFER, Cast.

Cobitis punctifer, Casteln., Mém. Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 56, (1861).

Galaxias punctifer, Bouleng., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), xvi,

1905, p. 51, and Freshw. Fish. Afr., iii, p. 13 (1915) ; Regan, Proc.

Zool, Soc., 1905, ii, p. 367, pl. x, fig. 3.

472 Annals of the South African Museum.

Teeth small, subequal. Depth of body 5 to 6 times in total

length excluding caudal, length of head 3% to 4¢ times. Snout

rounded, as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 33 to 4 times

in length of head; interorbital width about 3 to 32 times in length

of head; jaws equal in front, mouth extending to below anterior

fourth or anterior third of eye. Gill-rakers short, 8 on lower part

of anterior arch.

Dorsal iii-iv 7-8, originating at equal or nearly equal distance,

from occiput and from base of caudal. Pectoral } to * length of

head or of the distance from its base to ventral. Ventral 6-rayed,

equally distant from snout and from base of caudal. Anal ili-iv 8,

commencing below middle or posterior half of dorsal. Caudal trun-

cate, slightly emarginate ; continued anteriorly on caudal peduncle,

which is 25 to 2? times as long as deep.

Fia. 116.—Galawias punctifer.

Colour (of preserved specimens) pale brown or yellowish, darker

above than below, uniform, or with faint bars on back; body freely

speckled with minute dark specks.

Four specimens, ranging from 28-57 mm. in length, from the Flats,

Cape Peninsula.

Four specimens, ranging from 23-33 mm. in length, from Diep

River, Cape Peninsula.

Many specimens, ranging from 17-24 mm. in length, froin Lake-

side, Cape Peninsula (B. Power).

Galavias punctifer is barely distinguishable from the preceding

(G. zebratus) by “the rather more slender habit, the caudal penduncle

being 2! times as long as deep, and the shape of the caudal fin,

which is truncate and slightly emarginate. The dark bars on the

body are absent or confined to the back.” (Bouleng., Freshw. Fish.

Afr., 11, p. 13).

3. GALAXIAS DUBIUS, nN. sp.

Teeth rounded, subequal. Depth of body 62 to 7 times in total

length excluding caudal, length of head 4 to 5 times, Snout rounded,

The Freshwater Fishes of South A frica. 473

a little shorter than eye, which is 32 to a little more than 4 times in

length of head; interorbital width 2% to 21 times in length of head ;

jaws equal in front; mouth extending to below anterior margin or

anterior fourth of eye. Gill-rakers short, 8 on lower part of anterior

arch.

Dorsal iii-iv 8-9 ; originating well behind middle of body, about 1+

to 14 times as distant from occiput as from base of caudal. Pectoral

2 to % length of head or of the distance from its base to ventral.

Ventral 6-rayed, about equally distant from end of snout and base of

caudal. Anal iv 8-9, originating below anterior third of dorsal.

Caudal rounded sub-truncate, continued anteriorly on caudal peduncle,

which is nearly twice as long as deep.

Colour (of preserved specimens) brownish, minutely speckled with

dark specks and with faint dark bars on back and sides.

Many specimens, ranging from 23-42 mm. in length, from George

River, Cape Province,

This little fish closely resembles G. zebratus, but the dorsal fin is

placed decidedly further back, and the anal rays are more in number.

It is not improbable that the three species described may on examina-

tion of more extensive collections prove to be merely varieties of one

species.

SuB-orDER SCOMBRESOCES.

Famiry CYPRINODONTIDAE.

HAPLOCHIULUS.

Haplochilus, McClell., Asiat. Res., xix, 1839, pp. 301 and 426.

Giinth., Cat. Fish., v, p. 310 (1866) ; Bouleng., Poiss. Bass. Congo,

p. 344 (1901), Fish. Nile, p. 415 (1907), and Freshw. Fish. Africa,

ii, p. 40 (1915).

Epiplatys, Gill, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1862, p. 136.

Atopocheilichthys, Bleeker, Nat. Verh. Vet. Haarlem, xviii, 1863,

no. 2, p. 116.

Lycocyprinus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac., 1868, p. 146.

Mouth small; teeth conical, in a narrow band, those of the outer

series largest. Head usually flat above. Scales moderate. Dorsal

fin commencing well behind origin of anal. Ventral fins present, far

behind base of the pectorals.

“ Fresh and brackish waters of Africa, Southern and Eastern Asia,

Central and South America, and the West Indies.”

A74. Annals of the South African Museum.

1. * Hapitocuitus myaposak, Bler.

Bouleng., Ann. Nat. Mus., i, 1908, pt. 3, p. 282, and Freshw. Fish.

Africa, 11, p. 44, fig. 31 (1915).

“ Depth of body 4 to 45 times in total length, length of head 3% to

4 times. Head flat above; snout short and broad, shorter than eye ;

mouth directed upwards, lower jaw projecting ; eye nearly 3 times in

length of head, 15 times in interorbital width, as long as or a little

shorter than postorbital part of head ; praeorbital hardly 4 diameter

of eye.

Dorsal 10, originating twice as far from anterior border of eye as

from root of caudal, above anterior third of anal, median rays longest,

about 5 length of head. Anal 14-15, rounded like the dorsal. Pectoral

¢ length of head, reaching a little beyond base of ventral; latter

nearer end of snout than root of caudal. Caudal rounded, as long

Fie. 117.—Haplochilus myaposae. Type (Ann. Natal Mus. 1908).

as head. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. 27—28 scales in

longitudinal series, 16 round body in front ventrals; no lateral-lne

pits. Pale olive, with darker edges to the scales ; fins greyish.

Total length 28 millim.

Zululand.—Types in Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg.”

From Myaposa River (Dr. E. Warren).

2. HAPLOCHILUS JOHNSTONII, Ginth.

Haplochilus johnstonii, Giinth., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1893, p. 627 ;

Bouleng., Ann. Natal Mus., i, 1908, p. 220, and Freshw. Fish. Africa,

Msp. 69; tig. 56 (4915):

Hapochilus atripinna, Pfeft., Thierw. O.-Afr., Fische, p. 46 (1896) ;

Hilgend. and Pappenh., Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr., 1903, p. ale

Teeth, outer row enlarged and recurved. Depth of body 45 to

4.7, in total length, excluding caudal, length of head 3% to 45 times.

Head flat above; snout short and broad, shorter than eye; mouth

directed upwards, lower jaw projecting; eye 23 to 2* times in length

of head, a little shorter than postorbital part of head, 1,3, to 12 times

in interorbital width ; preorbital nearly 5 diameter of eye.

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. ATS

Dorsal 8, originating twice as far from eye as from root of caudal,

above posterior third of anal; last rays longest, length of head.

Pectoral ,4, length of head, reaching base of ventral; the latter

moderately large, reaching anal, and much nearer to end of snout

than to root of caudal. Anal 14. Caudal rounded, about as long as

or slightly longer than length of head; caudal peduncle about 14

times as long as deep. 28-30 scales in longitudinal series, 18 round

body in front of ventrals ; no lateral-line pits.

Colour (of preserved specimens), light brown above, pale yellowish

beneath, finely speckled with darker, especially on the borders of the

scales ; a fine blackish line runs along the sides of the body from the

opercular border to the base of caudal; fins greyish.

Fra. 118.—Haplochilus johnstonii. Type.

Two specimens, 29 mm., 33 mm. in length respectively, from

Sakania, South Congo (Rev. T. A. Rogers). Bulawayo Museum

The species is also reported from Nyassaland, Lake Rukwa, and

Zululand.

Sup-orpper ACANTHOPTERYGLL.

Division PERCIFORMES.

Famity CICHLIDAE.

The African Cichlidae are computed by Dr. Boulenger (‘ Catalogue

of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa,’ vol. 11, 1915) to number 285

well-established species, grouped under 41 genera; he remarks, how-

ever (p. 134), that “the classification of the very numerous African

members of this family presents the greatest difficulties . . . the

dentition in certain species being subject to variation, according to

age, or even of a purely individual nature.” Lake Tanganyika has

furnished about one-third of these species, and is remarkable for the

very numerous generic types with very aberrant dentition which

appear to have been evolved out of the more generalised forms

occurring in the rivers of Africa.

Some members of this large family, e.g. Tilapia, Tropheus, and

476 Annals of the South A frican Museum.

Hictodus, are of considerable interest owing to their mode of spawning

and the nursing habits of the parent fish. In the Vilapia, for instance,

it has been observed that in some species the ova are deposited in a

small hollow or nest made in the bed of a pond or stream, and after

fertilisation by the male—who is very determined in attacking and

driving off any strange fish—are taken into the mouth of the female

and carried in the buceal cavity until hatched. Mr. Schoeller, in

‘some observations made at Alexandria (Egypt), noticed that the

young fry after hatching took refuge in the mother’s mouth imme-

diately any alarm or danger appeared.

Formerly these nursing duties were believed to devolve upon the

male, but careful examinations by Dr. Boulenger and others show that

it is always the female that undertakes them, and that she apparently

goes without food during the ten days or so that elapse whilst the eggs

are hatching in her mouth.

Synopsis of the South African Genera described.

Dorsal and anal fins without scaly sheath at the base.

A. Outer teeth bi- or tricuspid, rarely conical, with-

out canines in front, not swollen at the

base.

Teeth forming narrow or moderately broad

bands, the outer bicuspid, rarely conical ;

dorsal with 11-19 spines, anal with 3 or 4. Tilapia, A. Smith.

Teeth forming very broad bands, all tricuspid ;

dorsal with 16-20 spines, anal with 3. . Petrochromis, Bler.

B. Outer teeth bicuspid in some individuals, conical

in others (forms connecting Tilapia and

Paratilapia) ; dorsal with 18-19 spines,

anal with 3-6 : : : : : . Haplochromis, Pfeff.

Cc. Outer teeth conical in the adult, sometimes bi-

cuspid in the young, with or without

curved canines.

Anal with 3 spines (exceptionally 4).

Outer teeth, if closely set, not strongly in-

curved.

Two lateral lines; ventrals with the outer

rays longest.

Outer mandibular teeth not pointing out-

wards.

Two or more series of teeth in each jaw; no

strong papillose pad in front of the gill-

arches; dorsal with 10-18 spines, anal with

6-14 soft rays. : : : F . Paratilapia, Blkr,

The Freshwater Fishes of South Africa. 477

A very strong papillose pad in front of the

gill arches ; otherwise as in Paratilapia . Pelmatochromis, Stndr.

Teeth in one or two, very rarely three series,

the two median teeth of the outer series

enlarged; dorsal with 13-15 spines . . Hemichromis, Peters.

TILAPIA.

Chromis, part., Cuvier, Régne Anim., ii, p. 266 (1817); Ginth.,

Cat. Fish. iv, p. 267 (1862).

Tilapia, A. Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr. Fish. (1849) ; Bouleng., Proc.

Zool. Soc., 1899, p. 105, part. ; Poiss. Bass. Congo, p. 452 (1901), Fish.

Nile, p. 518 (1907), and Freshw. Fish. Africa, iii, p. 188 (1915) ;

Pellegr., Mém. Soc. Zool. France, xvi, 1904, p. 307.

Sarotherodon, Riipp., Verz. Mus. Senck., iv, p. 21 (1852) ; Giinth.,

t.c., p. 273.

Coptodon, Gervais, Bull. Soe. Agric. Hérault, 1853, p. 81.

Haligenes, Giinth., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1859, p. 471.

Ptychochromis, Steindr., Sitzb. Ak. Wien, Ixxxu, 1, 1880, p. 248 ;

Pellegr., t.c., p. 346.

Oreochromis, Giinth., Proce. Zool. Soc., 1889, p. 70; Pellegr., t.c.,

p. 354.

Ctenochromis, part., Pfeff., Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., x, 1893,

p. 149.

Ophthalmotilapia, Pellegr., t.c., p. 345.

“ Body short or more or less elongate; scales eycloid or ctenoid ;

two incomplete lateral lines. Teeth in two or more series, the outer

bicuspid,* the others tricuspid ; maxillary usually more or less com-

pletely hidden under the praeorbital when the mouth is closed.

Dorsal fin with 11-19 spines, anal with 3 or 4. Parietal and occipital

crests strong, extending to between the orbits. Vertebrae 26-34.”

Synopsis of the South African Species described.

I. Scales cycloid (rarely indistinctly ctenoid).

A. Gill-rakers 15-27 on lower part of anterior arch.

Anal spines 3 (very rarely 4) ; pectoral usually as long as or longer

than head, often reaching vertical of origin of anal or beyond.

Caudal not densely scaled.

1, Outer teeth small and slender or unicuspid.

* “Occasionally conical or indistinctly biscuspid in a few species which are

related to 7’. nilotica (T'. nigra, mossambica, natalensis, linnelli, squamipinnis)