European Journal of Taxonomy 221: 1-17

http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.221

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

ISSN 2118-9773

www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu

2016 • Enghoff H.

Research article

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: A9E7A041-A454-4BC1-BCF4-F1EQ21BFDCD5

A mountain of millipedes V: three new genera of Odontopygidae

from the Udzungwa mountains, Tanzania

(Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

Henrik ENGHOFF

Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen,

Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Kobenhavn 0, De nm ark

Email: henghoff@snm .ku.dk

um:lsid:zoobank.org:author:FB09A817-000D-43C3-BCC4-2BClE5373635

Abstract. Three new genera of Odontopygidae are described, all based on new species from the

Udzungwa mountains, Tanzania, and all monotypic: Casuariverpa gen. nov. (type species: C. scarpa

gen. et sp. nov.), Yia gen. nov. (type species: Y geminispina gen. et sp. nov.), and Utiliverpa gen. nov.

(type species: U. decapsulatrix gen. et sp. nov.). Similarities and differences between the new genera

and other genera are discussed.

Keyword. Eastern Arc, taxonomy, new genera, new species.

Enghoff H. 2016. A mountain of millipedes V: three new genera of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa mountains,

Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 221: 1-17. http://dx.doi.

org/10.5852/eit.2016.221

Introduction

This is the fifth in a series of articles about the millipedes, especially the endemic Afrotropical family

Odontopygidae, of the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. For general information on the Odontopygidae

and the Udzungwa Mountains see the first article in the series (Enghoff 2014). See also Enghoff &

Frederiksen (2015) and Enghoff (2016a, 2016b).

In the present contribution, three new, monotypic genera and their type species are described.

Material and methods

The material for this article comes mostly from the zoological collections of the Natural History Museum

of Denmark, University of Copenhagen (ZMUC). These specimens were collected during field trips by

ZMUC staff and students. A specimen from Virginia Museum of Natural History (VMNH) was also

examined. All specimens are kept in 70% alcohol.

Specimens were examined in alcohol under a stereo microscope. Specimens for scanning electron

microscopy (SEM) were transferred to 96% ethanol, then to acetone, air-dried, mounted on aluminium

European Journal of Taxonomy 221: 1-17 (2016)

stubs or on pieces of flexible aluminium tape and in turn mounted on stubs, coated with platinum-

palladium and studied in a JEOL JSM-6335F scanning electron microscope.

As in previous articles in this series, only adult males are considered. A total of 14 adult males of

the three new species were examined. Fig. 1 shows the Udzungwa localities where the new species

described here were collected. Fig. 2 gives the body size (body diameter/number of podous rings) of

males of the new species.

See Enghoff (2014) for the description standards used.

Abbreviations for morphological terms used in the descriptions and on illustrations

all = apical lateral lobe of coxa

ba = basomere

ca = cucullus

eg = efferent groove

Ip = lateral coxal process

TANZANIA

MIKUMI

Mwanihana

[RINGA

Udzungwa

Scarp

Wooded grassland

Woodland

| Open forest

Closed forest

O Towns

Major roads

Rivers

Fig. 1 . Map of the Udzungwa Mountains, showing the collecting localities for Casuariverpa scarpa

gen. et sp. nov. (yellow dots), Yia geminispina gen. et sp. nov. (blue cross), and Utiliverpa decapsulatrix

sp. nov. (red diamond). Based on fig. 1 in Marshall et al. (2010).

ENGHOFF Ft., Three new genera of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa mountains

mbp

= metaplical bifid process

= metaplical flange

= metaplica

= metaplical shelf

msp

= metaplical spine

= posttorsal narrowing

= proplica

prl

= proplical lobe

= proximal solenomeral spine

slm

= solenomere

tdp

= telomeral distal process

= telomeral furrow

tlm

= telomere

= telomeral ridge

tsl, ts2

= telomeral spines

tss

= telomeral subapical spike

= torsotope

3,5

1,5

□

♦

♦ o ♦

♦ Casuariverpa scarpa

O Yia geminispina

□ Utiliverpa decapsulatrix

45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

Number of podous rings

Fig. 2. Body size (body diameter/number of podous rings) of males of the new species described here.

European Journal of Taxonomy 221 : 1-17 ( 2016 )

Results

Class Diplopoda Blainville-Gervais, 1844

Order Spirostreptida Brandt, 1833

Family Odontopygidae Attems, 1909

Subfamily Archepyginae Manfredi, 1939

Tribe Prionopetalini Hoffman, 1991

Casuariverpa gen. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5071EAlA-F2FB-4A8C-AE0C-4F18EA27C973

Type species

Casuariverpa scarpa gen. et sp. nov.

Other included species

None.

Diagnosis

A genus of Odontopygidae-Prionopetalini characterized by: anal valves with a well-developed dorsal

spine, a similarly well-developed ventral spine and strongly protruding setiferous tubercles - male body

ring seven with large ventral lobes - limbus very broad, with a simply denticulate margin - ventral

postfemoral and tibial pads on some male legs - gonopod coxa simple, metaplica (imp ) with a subapical

basad spine (rnsp) - gonopod telopodite with a compact torsotope (tt) - no pretorsal or torsal spines/

processes - a pronounced posttorsal narrowing (pn ) without spines - a division of the telopodite into

solenomere ( slm ) and telomere (tlm) immediately distal to posttorsal narrowing - solenomere whiplike,

with a very long accessory spine ( ps ) branching off near its base and with a small subdistal lobe -

telomere simple, with a longitudinal ridge on concave side enveloping solenomere, distally expanded,

with micro-spinose fields basally and distally.

Etymology

From Latin Casuaria, “cassowary”, and “ verpa”, penis. Refers to the shape of the solenomere tip which

is somewhat reminiscent of the head profile of the Australian cassowary ( Casuarius casuarius (Linnaeus,

1758)). Gender feminine.

Remarks

In the key ofKraus (1966), C. scarpa gen. et sp. nov. runs to Trichochaleponcus Attems, 1928 (couplet 21).

They key character for this genus is the very broad limbus (which is, however, paralleled in certain

other odontopygids, e.g., Kompsoprium firmosum Kraus, 1960 (Kraus 1960: fig. 69)). Casuariverpa

scarpa gen. et sp. nov. also agrees with Trichochaleponcus species in some other characters, but there

are differences enough, at least vis-a-vis the type species of Trichochaleponcus, that a new genus is

warranted, cf. Enghoff (2016a). Thus, Casuariverpa gen. nov. has strongly protruding setiferous

tubercles and an exceptionally well-developed ventral spine on the anal valves, its gonopod coxa has

no lateral process or spine at mid-length, its gonopod telopodite has no spine between torsotope and

posttorsal narrowing, the solenomere has no second basal spine in addition to the very long one, and the

telomere is expanded distally instead of being strongly attenuate. See Table 1.

ENGHOFF Ft., Three new genera of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa mountains

Table 1. (continued on next page) Comparison of Casuariverpa scarpa gen. et sp. nov. and Yia gemini-

spina gen. et sp. nov. with Trichochaleponcus Attems, 1928 and its constituent species. Information on

Trichochaleponcus taken from the cited papers.

Character

Casuariverpa

scarpa

gen. et

sp. nov.

Trichoch alepon cus

general -

(Kraus 1960)

T. fissicirratus

- (Attems

1914)

(type species)

T. spinifer

— (Attems

1938)

T. lomelaensis

- (Kraus

1960)

Yia

geminispina

gen. et

sp. nov.

NON-GONOPOD CHARACTERS

anal valves,

marginal ridge

not separated

from median

margin

separated from

median margin by

deep depression

separated from

median margin

by depression

not separated separated from

from median median margin

margin by shallow

depression

not separated

from median

margin

anal valves,

setiferous

tubercles

protruding in

lateral view

no info

forming

“ravelins”

no info

forming

small

“ravelins”

anal valves,

dorsal spine

very big

no info

very stout

no info

present

big

anal valves,

ventral spine

very big

no info

absent

no info

absent

limbus

very broad, very broad,

margin divided into simple

divided into processes which in

narrow, blunt- fissicirratus are each

triangular divided again into

processes 2-6 processes

quite broad,

margin with

simple, narrow

points

very broad,

margin

divided into

2-6-cusped

processes

unusually

broad, margin

divided

into simple,

pointed-

ligulate

processes

very narrow,

margin with

simple,

narrow points

GONOPOD COXA

with a lateral

spine/process ca

at midlength

yes

metaplica with

basad/mesad

oral process

yes

GONOPOD TELOPODITE

posttorsal,

pre-narrowing

spine

platelike, expanded

very short,

blunt

no (?)

platelike,

expanded

solenomere

with

long side-

branch

(“Tibialdorn”)

yes

solenomere also

with second

basal spine

(“Tibialdorn”)

yes

no (?)

yes

European Journal of Taxonomy 221 : 1-17 ( 2016 )

Character

Casuariverpa

scarpa

gen. et

sp. nov.

Trichoch alepon cus

general -

(Kraus 1960)

T. fissicirratus

- (Attems

1914)

(type species)

T. spinifer

- (Attems

1938)

T. lomelaensis

- (Kraus

1960)

Yia

geminispina

gen. et

sp. nov.

solenomere

with small

subdistal

process/tooth

yes

no info

yes

telomere

distally

expanded,

distal margin

straight

no info

strongly

attenuate,

ending in

very thin,

microtrichose

tip

strongly

attenuate,

ending in

very thin tip

strongly

attenuate,

ending in

spinelike tip

strongly

attenuate,

ending in

very thin tip

telomere with

microtrichose/-

spiculose area

basally and

distally

yes

distally

basally and

distally

Casuariverpa scarpa gen. et sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7F88676-2515-47A6-91EE-01FABFE43894

Figs 3M

Diagnosis

(redundant, genus monotypic)

Etymology

The name is a noun in apposition and refers to the Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve.

Material studied (total: 12 SS)

Holotype

TANZANIA: S, Udzungwa Mts, Iringa Region, Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve above Chita village,

1050 m, 26-29 Oct. 1984. Pitfall traps in intermediate rain forest, N. Scharff leg. (ZMUC00046998).

Paratypes

TANZANIA: 7 same data as holotype (ZMUC00046999); 4 SS Udzungwa Mts, Kihansi, 8°24' S,

36°2E E, “forest site”, Jun.-Aug.1997,1. Zilihona leg. (ZMUC00047000).

Description (male)

Size. Length ca 21/2-3 cm, diameter 2.0-2.4 mm, 52-55 podous rings, no apodous rings in front of telson.

Colour. Faded; traces of a broad, light dorsal stripe.

Head. Without peculiarities.

Collum. With a marginal and ~3 submarginal furrows.

Body rings. Almost perfect cylinders, not vaulted; suture straight; ozopores ca three diameters behind

suture.

ENGHOFF H., Three new genera of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa mountains

Fig. 3. Casuariverpa scarpa gen. et sp. nov., paratype from Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve above Chita

village. A, C. Telson. A. Posterior view. C. Fateral view. B. Fimbus, the double-headed arrow indicates the

extent of the limbus. D. Body ring 7, left lateral view. E. Detail of limbus to show microstriolation. F-G. Feft

gonopod. F. Mesal view. G. Anterior view, the yellow circle indicates the position of the microspinose

field shown in Fig. 4E. H. Posterior view, the red oval indicates the position of the microspinose field

shown in Fig. 4E, the green line indicates the distal margin of the telomere; blue colour = mounting tape.

Abbreviations: all = apical lateral lobe of coxa, mf= metaplical flange, mp = metaplica, msp = metaplical

spine, pn = post-torsal narrowing, pp = proplica, prl = proplical lobe, ps = proximal solenomeral spine,

slm = solenomere, tlm = telomere, tt = torsotope. Scales: A, C-D, F-H = 0.1 mm; B, E = 0.01 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 221 : 1-17 ( 2016 )

Fig. 4. Casuariverpa scarpa gen. et sp. nov., paratype from Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve above Chita

village, left gonopod telopodite. A. Apical view, coxal parts in orange colour. B. Basal view, purple oval

roughly corresponds to Fig. 4D, coxal parts in orange colour, the green line indicates the distal margin

of the telomere. C.Tip of solenomere. D. Origin of proximal solenomeral spine (ps) between two basal

lobe of telomere ( tlm ), image roughly corresponding to purple oval on Fig. 4B. E. Micro-spinose field on

basal external side of telomere basis, image roughly corresponding to area in yellow circle on Fig. 3G.

F. Micro-spinose field on distal part of telomere concavity, image roughly corresponding to area in

red oval on Fig. 3H. Abbreviations: eg = efferent groove, pn = post-torsal narrowing, ps = proximal

solenomeral spine, slm = solenomere, tf= telomeral furrow, tlm = telomere, tr = telomeral ridge tt =

torsotope. Scales: A-B = 0.1 mm; C-F = 0.01 mm

ENGHOFF H., Three new genera of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa mountains

Anal valves (Fig. 3A, C). Surface, like that of preanal ring and subanal scale, coarsely rugose. Each

valve with a long dorsal spine and an almost as long downwards curved ventral spine; marginal rim

barely raised, setiferous tubercles strongly protruding in lateral view, but not protruding in a laterad

direction.

Ozopores. Starting from ring 6.

Fimbus (Fig. 3B, E). Very broad, with simple, rounded-triangular lobes, surface densely microstriolate.

Male legs. With postfemoral and tibial ventral pads in anterior body half, except on first few leg-pairs.

Body ring 7 (Fig. 3D). With large ventral lobes, much larger than usual in the family.

Gonopod coxa (Fig. 3F-H). Slender in anterior view, almost parallel-sided except apically where it

has a blunt-triangular lateral expansion (all), giving the coxal tip a sub-triangular outline. Proplica (pp)

simple, proplical lobe (prl ) not covered by metaplica. Metaplica (mp) with large flange (mf) reaching to

level of arculus, distal to arculus closely appressed to proplica, subdistally with a long, slightly sinuous

basad spine (msp).

Gonopod telopodite (Figs 3F-H, 4). Arculus ca 90°. Torsotope (tt) simple, compact, without processes,

partly hidden inside coxal cavity, i.e., the part of the telopodite between arculus and torsotope extremely

short. Posttorsal narrowing ( pn ) without processes or spines. Telopodite just distal to posttorsal narrowing

dividing into solenomere and telomere. Solenomere (slm) long, whiplike, longer than telomere, with a

very long accessory spine ( ps ) branching off near its base; tip of solenomere with a curved, triangular-

pointed lobe giving the tip a profile somewhat similar to that of a cassowary (see etymology). Telomere

(tlm) proximally enveloping base of solenomere, distally expanded, all in all forming a roughly triangular

concave plate; concavity with a longitudinal ridge ( tr ) delimiting a broad furrow (tf) for accommodation

of solenomere; distal margin of telomere straight, gently undulate. A micro-spinose field on basal

external side of telomere basis (Figs 3G, 4E), another micro-spinose field (Figs 3H, 4F) on distal part of

telomere concavity.

Distribution and habitat

Known only from the two sites in and adjacent to the Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve, Udzungwa Mts.

Coexisting species

Aquattuor stereosathe Enghoff, 2015 was found in the same sample from above Chita as C. scarpa gen.

et sp. nov. In addition, A. udznngwensis Enghoff, 2015, Chaleponcus circumvallatus Enghoff, 2014,

C. hamerae Enghoff, 2014, C. nikolajscharffi Enghoff, 2014 and Yia geminispina gen. et sp. nov. occur

in the Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve. At Kihansi, Prionopetalum asperginis Enghoff, 2016 was found

in the same sample as C. scarpa gen. et sp. nov.

Yia gen. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A986C43A-6B7D-45DB-BD61-FD714D2F53El

Type species

Yia geminispina gen. et sp. nov.

Other included species

None.

European Journal of Taxonomy 221 : 1-17 ( 2016 )

Diagnosis

A genus of Odontopygidae-Prionopetalini characterized by: a metaplical shelf (ms) with a curved spine

(msp) on the coxa (shared with the Chaleponcus dabagaensis group, see Enghoff 2014) - a compact

torsotope (tt) - lack of pretorsal or torsal spines/processes - a pronounced posttorsal narrowing (pn)

without spines - a division of the telopodite into solenomere (slm) and telomere (tlm) immediately

distal to posttorsal narrowing - a pair of long spines ( tsl, tsl) emerging from the base of the telomere -

a slender, whiplike solenomere - a very long, slender distal telomeral process (tdp) with a row of long

Y- or I-shaped spikes along one edge and an extensively spinose tip.

Etymology

The name is an artificial word and refers to the row of Y- and I-shaped spikes on the gonopod telomere

(Fig. 6F). To be treated as feminine.

Remarks

In the key of Kraus (1966) Y geminispina gen. et sp. nov. runs to Odontopyge Brandt, 1841. As

explained by Hoffman (1991) and Enghoff (2016a) this name has been misapplied, and species classified

in Odontopyge by pre-1991 authors need to be re-allocated. This is an ongoing process, but the type

species of Yia gen. nov. cannot be accommodated in any of the genera which have so far absorbed

former Odontopyge species (see Enghoff 2016a). I therefore propose a new genus. None of the still

orphaned ex-Odontopyge species share the diagnostic characters of Yia gen. nov., which thus remains

monotypic for the time being. Geotypodon heteromodestus (Kraus, 1960) (= Haplothysanus modestus

Attems, 1953, preoccupied) shares the double telopodital spine characteristic of Yia gen. nov., but differs

strongly in several other characters including the structure of the telomere. A very long, very slender

distal telomeral process is found in some other odontopygids, e.g., all species of Allantogonus Attems,

1912 (Kraus 1960) and Prionopetalum Attems, 1909 (VandenSpiegel & Pierrard 2009; Enghoff 2016b),

but these genera differ from Yia gen. nov. in other characters, and no other species has the row of long

Y- or I-shaped spikes characteristic of this genus. The metaplical shelf and spine resemble a similar

structure in the Chaleponcus dabagaensis group (Enghoff 2014), but in Yia gen. nov. the spine originates

between the shelf and the apical metaplical hood, not from the shelf itself as in the C. dabagaensis

group. Also the apical metaplical cucullus (cu) resembles the C. dabagensis group. Yia geminispina

gen. et sp. nov. also shows specific similarities with species of the genus Trichochaleponcus Attems,

1928: the general shape of the coxa, the presence of two spines originating at the base of the telomere,

and the tip of the telomere being drawn out into a slender arm. Notable differences include the limbus

which is very narrow in Yia gen. nov., very broad in Trichochaleponcus , the absence of a posttorsal,

pre-narrowing spine as well as of microtrichose areas on the telomere in Yia, and the unique Y-shaped

spicules on the telomere tip in Yia. See also Table 1. The peculiar course of the pro-metazonal suture

seen in Yia geminispina gen. et sp. nov. has so far not been observed in any other odontopygid.

Yia geminispina gen. et sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0861F871-FE89-4563-9C19-5FlA95D2B4Cl

Figs 5-6

Diagnosis

(redundant, genus monotypic)

Etymology

The name is a composite Fatin noun in apposition meaning “twin spine” and refers to the pair of long

spines on the telomere.

ENGHOFF FL, Three new genera of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa mountains

Material studied (total: 1 c?)

Holotype

TANZANIA: S, Udzungwa Mts., Chita Forest Reserve [actually: Udzungwa Scarp F.R.], 1100 m,

25 Oct. 1984, M. Stoltze & G. Petersen leg. (ZMUC00047001).

Fig. 5. Yia geminispina gen. et sp. nov., holotype. A. Part of midbody showing the characteristic course

of the suture and the position of the ozopore (highlighted in red on one body ring). B-D. Feft gonopod

coxa. B. Anterior-mesal view. C. Posterior view. D. Mesal view, close-up. E. Fimbus. Abbreviations:

cu = cucullus, Ip = lateral coxal process, mf= metaplical flange, mp = metaplica, ms = metaplical shelf,

msp =metaplical spine, pp = proplica, prl = proplical lobe. Scales: A = 1 mm; B-D = 0.1 mm; E =

0.005 mm

European Journal of Taxonomy 221 : 1-17 ( 2016 )

Fig. 6. Yia geminispina gen. et sp. nov., holotype. Left gonopod telopodite. A. Posterior, slightly basal view.

B. Anterior, slightly basal view. C. Anterior, slightly basal view. D. Basal view. E-F. Detail of margin of

telomere. F. Tip of telomere. Abbreviations: ba = basomere, pn = post-torsal narrowing, slm = solenomere,

tdp = telomeral distal process, tlm = telomere, tsf ts2 = telomeral spines, tt = torsotope. Scales: A-D =

0.1 mm ; F = 0.05 mm ; E = 0.005 mm.

ENGHOFF H., Three new genera of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa mountains

Description (male)

Size. Fength ca 4 cm, diameter 2.6 mm, 49 podous rings, no apodous rings in front of telson.

Colour. Faded, very faint traces of a broad, light dorsal stripe.

Head. Without peculiarities.

Collum. With a marginal and a submarginal furrow.

Body rings (Fig. 5A). Almost perfect cylinders, not vaulted; suture with an extended, shallow anteriad

sinus below ozopore level; ozopores ca three diameters behind suture.

Anal valves. Each with a long, curved dorsal spine; marginal rim slightly raised, setiferous tubercles

slightly protruding in a laterad direction (i.e., on very small ‘ravelins’).

Ozopores. Starting from ring 6.

Fimbus (Fig. 5E). With simple, slender-triangular lobes. Surface of lobes longitudinally microstriate.

Male legs. With postfemoral and tibial ventral pads in anterior half of body, except for first few leg-

pairs.

Gonopod coxa (Fig. 5B-D). Slender and almost parallel-sided in anterior view. Proplica (pp ) simple,

proplical lobe (prl) not covered. Metaplica imp) with low, right-angled flange ( mf ), above arculus with

transverse shelf (ms), laterally with triangular process (Ip), apically forming a small hood, or cucullus

(cu). A curved spine (msp) originating between ms and cii.

Gonopod telopodite (Fig. 6). Arculus 90°. Torsotope (tt) simple, compact, without processes (Fig. 6B).

Posttorsal narrowing (pri) without processes or spines. Telopodite just distal to posttorsal narrowing

dividing into solenomere and telomere. Solenomere (slm) long, simple, whiplike, ca as long as telomere.

Proximal part of telomere (tlm) roughly broadly triangular; two very long, curved spines (tsl, ts2) arising

from small lobe on basal side of telomere, close to the origin of the solenomere; distal part of telomere

drawn out into very long, very slender process (tdp), one edge of tdp with a row of long, Y- or I-shaped

spikes; tip of tdp complicated micro-spinose.

Distribution and habitat

Known only from the type locality.

Coexisting species

No other odontopygids were present in the sample containing the unique holotype, but a number of

other species have been recorded from Udzungwa Scarp F.R.: Chaleponcus circumvallatus Enghoff,

2014, C. hamerae Enghoff, 2014, C. nikolajscharffi Enghoff, 2014, Aquattuor stemsathe Enghoff, 2015,

A. udzungwensis Enghoff, 2015, Prionopetalum asperginis Enghoff, 20XX and Casuariverpa scarpa

gen. et sp. nov.

Utiliverpa gen. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.om: act: 08065174-5A9C-4BFF-8604-653D4FF6D42C

Type species

Utiliverpa decapsulatrix gen. et sp. nov.

Other included species

None.

European Journal of Taxonomy 221 : 1-17 ( 2016 )

Diagnosis

A genus of Odontopygidae-Prionopetalini characterized by: a long basad metaplical spine (msp) on

the anterior side of the coxa - a compact torsotope (tt) - lack of pretorsal or torsal spines/processes - a

pronounced posttorsal narrowing without spines - a division of the telopodite into solenomere ( slm )

and telomere (tlm) immediately distal to posttorsal narrowing - a spine (ps) emerging from the base of

the solenomere - a ribbonlike solenomere which is accommodated in the concavity of the telomere and

which apically is divided into a long hook and a subapical pointed lobe.

Etymology

From Latin util is: useful, and verpa: penis. Refers to the shape of the solenomere which resembles a

very useful instrument: a bottle-opener. Gender feminine.

Remarks

In the key of Kraus (1966) U. decapsulatrix gen. et sp. nov. runs to Rhamphidarpoides Kraus, 1960. This

genus has been a repository for a number of quite different species, but was given a more strict definition

by Frederilcsen & Enghoff (2015). The new species does not fit the definition of Rhamphidarpoides s.s.,

nor of Raduliverpa Frederilcsen & Enghoff, 2015, which was erected to accommodate several species

formerly assigned to Rhamphidarpoides. I therefore propose a new genus here, but leave the question

open whether some of the species “orphaned” from Rhamphidarpoides by Frederiksen & Enghoff

(2015) might belong here.

Utiliverpa decapsulatrix gen. et sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:559C22A7-AE92-4633-AB61-788EADDC9AE3

Fig. 7

Diagnosis

(redundant, genus monotypic)

Etymology

The name is a Latin noun meaning “remover of capsules”, cf. etymology of genus.

Material studied (total: 1 S)

Holotype

TANZANIA: <$, Morogoro Region, Kilombero District, Udzungwa Mts, Mwanihana Forest Reserve,

near Sanje village, under rotten log in forest, K.M.Howell leg., KMH 1686 (VMNH).

Description (male)

Size. Length ca 6 cm, diameter 3.9 mm, 67 podous rings, no apodous rings in front of telson.

Colour. Specimen faded, traces of a broad, light dorsal stripe. Colour according to the collector’s field

notes: “dark, shiny black with brown stripe length of back; legs pale”.

Head. Without peculiarities.

Collum. With a marginal and a submarginal furrow.

Body rings. Almost perfect cylinders, not vaulted; suture straight; ozopores ca three diameters behind

suture.

Anal valves. Each with a short, curved dorsal spine and a small ventral denticle; marginal rim slightly

raised, setiferous tubercles hardly protruding.

ENGHOFF H., Three new genera of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa mountains

Ozopores. Starting from ring 6.

Fimbus (Fig. 71). With simple, long-triangular lobes. Surface of lobes longitudinally microstriate.

Male legs. With postfemoral and tibial ventral pads on legs, except a few anteriormost and posteriormost

pairs, pads gradually decreasing in size towards posterior end.

Fig. 7. Utiliverpa decapsulatrix gen. et sp. nov., holotype. A-D. Right gonopod coxa. A. Anterior view.

B. Mesal view. C. Posterior view. D. Posterior-apical view. E-H. Feft gonopod telopodite. E. Anterior

view. F. Posterior view. G. Mesal-anterior-apical view. H. Solenomere. I. Fimbus. Abbreviations: All =

apical lateral lobe of coxa, mbp = metaplical bifid process, mf= metaplical flange, mp = metaplica, msp =

metaplical spine, prl = proplical lobe, pp = proplica, ps proximal solenomeral spine, slm = solenomere,

tlm = telomere, tss = telomeral subapical spike, tt = torsotope. Scales: A-H = 0.1 mm; I = 0.01 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 221 : 1-17 ( 2016 )

Gonopod coxa (Fig. 7A-D). In anterior view parallel-sided, ca A l A times as long as broad, subapically

with a lateral triangular incision delimiting an apical lateral lobe (all). Proplica ( pp ) simple, parallel-sided;

proplical lobe (prl) in anterior view hidden behind metaplical spine. Metaplica (mp) apically rounded,

with a large mesal flange (mf) closing basal part of space between pro- and metaplica, subapically with

a long basad spine (msp) covering proplical lobe and a stout, bifid process (mbp) on posterior surface.

Gonopod telopodite (Fig. 7E-H). Arculus 90°. Torsotope (tt) simple, compact, without processes

(Fig. 4B). Posttorsal narrowing without processes or spines. Telopodite just distal to posttorsal narrowing

dividing into slender solenomere and broader telomere. Solenomere ( slm ) ca as long as and normally

resting within concavity of telomere (projecting perpendicularly on Fig. 7E due to shrinkage during

preparation for SEM), simple, apically with a stout hook and a subapical pointed lobe, in profile strongly

reminding of a kind of bottle-opener (e.g., http://www.barleypop.com/best-beer-bottle-opener-period/ ).

A long, slender, curved spine (ps) arising near base of solenomere. Telomere forming a curved, roughly

parallel-sided trough, vaguely boat- or pod-shaped, with a subapical spike (tss) and several complicated

lamellae inside the concavity (Fig. 7G).

Distribution and habitat

Known only from the type locality. Habitat: forest (under log).

Coexisting species

No other odontopygid species were found in the same sample as the unique holotype, but three are

known from Mwanihana Forest Reserve: Chaleponcus mwanihanensis Enghoff, 2014, Aquattuor major

Enghoff, 2015 and A. submajor Enghoff, 2015.

Discussion

In a previous paper (Enghoff 2016a), I argued that due to the bewildering confusion about genus

concepts in Odontopygidae and to the absence of any well-supported hypotheses of relationships within

the family, a ‘splitter’ approach will probably serve best, at least at the present stage. This means that a

considerable number of narrowly circumscribed genera need to be defined, an agenda already adhered

to by, e.g., Frederilcsen & Enghoff (2015) and Enghoff (2016a). In the same spirit three new monotypic

genera are described in the present paper. Including these, the number of described odontopygid species

from the Udzungwa mountains is 33. A few additional species, belonging to (relatively) well-defined,

known genera, are known to exist, and ongoing and planned field-work in the Udzungwas wifi certainly

reveal many more.

Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to the Tanzanian authorities that granted permits for collecting in the Udzungwa

Mountains, as well as to my colleagues at the Natural History Museum of Denmark for providing

specimens, to Judith Winston and her colleagues at VMNH for access to a specimen in that museum, to

Kim Howell & Wilirk Ngalason (Dar-es-Salaam) for access to information from the former’s field notes,

and to Anders Ilium for photography.

References

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ENGHOFF H., Three new genera of Odontopygidae from the Udzungwa mountains

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Journal of Taxonomy 100: 1-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.100

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Manuscript received: 23 February 2016

Manuscript accepted: 16 March 2016

Published on: 12 August 2016

Topic editor: Rudy Jocque

Desk editor: Kristiaan Hoedemakers

Printed versions of all papers are also deposited in the libraries of the institutes that are members of the

EJT consortium: Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France; Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium;

Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; Natural History Museum, London, United

Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium; Natural History Museum of

Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.