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2013 • Baert L.

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Research article

um:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2BC2B7CC-164F-4922-BDA0-185AE9BD09B0

The Thomisidae and Philodromidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of the

Galapagos Islands (Ecnador)

L. BAERT

Department of Entomology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Seienees, Vautierstraat 29,

B-1000, Brussels, Belgium. E-mail address: [email protected]

um:lsid:zoobank.org:author:52BD005E-6E8A-449C-91A3-5332B05D3702

Abstract. Two new speeies of Thomisidae are deseribed (Mecaphesa reddelli sp. nov. and Tmarus

galapagosensis sp. nov.). Of a third speeies, Mecaphesa inclusa (Banks, 1902), three eolour variations

are deseribed. Tmarus speeimens previously listed from the islands have always erroneously been ealled

T. stolzmanni Keyserling, 1880. The Philodromidae are mentioned for the first time for the arehipelago

and are represented by two new speeies: Apollophanesfitzroyi sp. nov. and Apollophanes (?) lonesome-

georgei sp. nov.

Key words, new speeies, eolour variation, Thomisidae, Philodromidae, island fauna.

Baert L. 2013. The Thomisidae and Philodromidae (Arachnida: Araneae) of the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador).

European Journal of Taxonomy 43: 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/eit.2013.43

Introduction

The last updated speeies list published by Baert et al. (2008) was based on the eolleetions made by

the author and eollaborators (Maelfait, Desender & Hendriekx) between 1982 and 2002 and ineluded

speeimens from all known eolleetions housing spiders eolleeted on the islands: Ameriean Museum of

Natural History of New York (AMNH), the Natural History Museum of Eondon (BMNH), Museum of

Comparative Zoology of Cambridge (MCZ), Zoologisk Museum of Oslo (ZMUN), California Aeademy

of Seienees (CAS), and eolleetions made by: N. & J. Eeleup (RBINS: 1964-65), S. Jaequemart (RBINS

1974-75), H. Franz (Austria 1975), H. & I. Sehatz (Austria 1985-88), S. Peek (Canada 1985-96) and

eolleetions from the Charles Darwin Researeh Station (CDRS). One large eolleetion was missing, the

one made by W.G. Reeder during the years 1969-1980 and deposited at the Texas Memorial Museum of

the University of Texas (TMM). He eolleeted on many islands and used different eolleeting methods. I

reeently had the opportunity (late 2010 - early 2011) to study this rieh material.

Two thomisid speeies were eited in this last updated speeies list (Baert et al. 2008): Mecaphesa inclusa

(Banks, 1902) and Tmarus stolzmanni Keyserling, 1880, while no philodromids were mentioned.

The Tmarus speeies eited in several publieations (see below) have erroneously been assigned to T

stolzmanni. The first two male speeimens from the Galapagos arehipelago were first eolleeted during

European Journal of Taxonomy 43: 1-23 (2013)

the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos Expedition of 1898-1899 by R.E. Snodgrass and identified by Banks

(1902) as the speeies deseribed as T. stolzmanni from Peru by Keyserling (1880). Though Banks (1902:

p. 62, pi. II, fig. 5) stated that “the agreement of the male palp makes the identifieation eertain”, he

gave a totally different drawing of the palp than that provided by Keyserling (1880: pp. 138-140, tab.

Ill fig. 74). The tibial apophysis on Banks’ drawing has a eompletely different eonfiguration as the

one of T. stolzmanni. It matehes neither any published drawing of Tmarus palps nor the palps of the

Tmarus speeies deseribed without illustrations by Mello-Eeitao (1929, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1949)

and examined by me at the Museu Naeional of Rio de Janeiro. Apart from that important feature, the

embolus of T. stolzmanni has an extra loop.

The type speeimens of T. stolzmanni are lost or have been mislabelled after World War II bombardments

and ean thus not be eompared with our speeimens. Although quite a few juveniles are available in

eolleetions, adults of this speeies have rarely been eaught in the past, probably due to its noetumal

mode of life (Eubin 1983). This author stated that the identifieation as T. stolzmanni remains tentative. A

large number of speeimens was eaught by Prof W. G. Reeder during his various 1969-1980 eolleeting

trips whieh ineluded night eolleeting on the different islands. Based on this rieh material, it was finally

eoneluded that the drawing made by Banks (1902: pi. II, fig. 5) does not mateh the palp of the speeimens

here examined and that the speeimens of Galapagos thus belong to a separate new speeies, deseribed in

this paper.

Though the mention of this speeies in the first speeies list made by Roth & Craig (1970) was based on

the first Galapagos male speeimens (eitations by Banks 1902, 1930) and also on a female eaught by N.

Eeleup in 1964, the female has never been deseribed.

Reeder’s material, eolleeted mostly by sweeping and beating, revealed also a seeond new Mecaphesa

speeies from Galapagos {Mecaphesa reddelli sp. nov.) whieh, aeeording to the few reeords available,

seems to have a broad northern distribution in the arehipelago.

Two philodromid spider speeies ean be added to the fauna of the islands. An Apollophanes speeies

{Apollophanes fitzroyi sp. nov.) with a eentral arehipelago distribution and a unique speeimen from Isla

Wolf The latter speeimen eannot be assigned to any deseribed genus. It is ineomplete, laeking the legs

III and IV, but the uniqueness of the eolleetion site warrants its deseription. Isla Wolf is a very small

remote islet, far from the eore of the arehipelago in a north-westerly direetion, diffieult of aeeess due

to its steep eliffs and therefore rarely visited and sampled by seientists (area: 1.344 km^, elevation: 252

m, approximate distanee from northernmost Isla Pinta: ca. 130 km). In 1996 (11 and 13 May) Stewart

Peek had the opportunity to visit the island and eapture a few spiders, one of whieh was this unique

philodromid speeimen. In view of its uniqueness, it is eonsidered reasonable to deseribe it as a new

speeies and plaee it temporarily in Apollophanes.

Material and methods

The material used for this study eomes prineipally from the eolleetions at the RBINS, made in 1964 (N.

& J. Eeleup) and between 1982 and 2009 (Baert, Maelfait and eollaborators), the eolleetions made by

S. & J. Peek and eollaborators (1985-1996) deposited at the RBINS and the eolleetions made by WG.

Reeder and eollaborators (1969-1980) deposited at the TMM. All type speeimens are deposited at the

Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Seienees, Brussels.

The eapture methods were hand eatehing, sweeping, beating and night eolleetions. The eolour given in

the deseription is from speeimens preserved in aleohol.

BAERT L., The Thomisidae and Philodromidae of the Galapagos Islands

All measurements were taken with a WILD M8 stereo microscope and are in mm. No scale bars are

given in the figures or legends, but measurements (in mm) of palp structures and epigyne are provided

throughout the descriptions.

Abbreviations:

(?)

(c?)

ALE

alt.

AME

AMNH

BMNH

CAS

CDRS

DALE

DAME

juv.

LAP

MCZ

MOQ

PEE

RBINS

RTA

TMM

VTA

ZMUN

subadult female

subadult male

Anterior eye

Anterior lateral eye

altitude

Anterior median eye

American Museum of Natural History

Width of Anterior median eye row

British Museum (Natural History)

Californian Academy of Sciences

Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora, Isla Santa Cruz, Galapagos

Clypeus length

Diameter of Anterior Lateral Eye

Diameter of Anterior Median Eye

Femur

juvenile(s)

Length between hind border of Posterior median eye and front border of Anterior median eye

Lateral eyes

Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge

Median Ocular Quadrangle

Metatarsus

Patella

Posterior Lateral Eye

Width of Posterior median eye row

Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences

Retro Tibial Apophysis

Tarsus

Tibia

Texas Memorial Museum of the University of Texas

Ventro Tibial apophysis

Zoologisk Museum of Oslo

Results

Taxonomy

Class Arachnida Cuvier, 1812

Order Araneae Clerck, 1757

Family Thomisidae Sundevall, 1833

Genus Mecaphesa Simon, 1900

Mecaphesa inclusa (Banks, 1902)

Figs lA-C, 3A, 9A-D

Misumenops inclusus Banks, 1902: 62, pi. 1, fig. 12 (description (?/?).

European Journal of Taxonomy 43: 1-23 (2013)

Misumenops inclusus - Roth & Craig 1970: 119. — Baert & Maelfait 1986: 119, map 25. — Baert,

Maelfait & Desender 1988: 50, 53. —Baert, Maelfait & Desender 1989: 21.

Mecaphesa inclusa-LohtinQn 1993: 587.—Baert & Maelfait 2000: 244.—Baert, Maelfait, Hendriekx

& Desender 2008: 67, map 149.

Material examined

All the material ever sampled has been sereened (see other material examined). The loealities given in

this seetion are those of the voueher speeimens used for the deseription of the eolour variety.

Loeality of male voueher speeimen A: Meteorologieal Station of CDRS, 2 m alt., 15 Feb. 1982 (leg. L.

Baert & J.-R Maelfait); female voueher speeimen A: Isla Isabela, Volean Aleedo, 600 m alt., 2 Apr. 1986

(leg. L. Baert, J.-P. Maelfait & K. Desender).

Loeality of male voueher speeimen B: Isla Isabela, Volean Aleedo, Zanthoxylum-Scalesia savanna, 790

m alt., 14 May 1980 (leg. W.G. Reeder).

Loeality of male and female voueher speeimens C: Isla Isabela, Volean Aleedo, Pega Pega Camp, 600

m alt., Scalesia, 24-25 May 1980 (leg. D. Green).

The voueher speeimens deseribed here are deposited at the RBINS at Brussels.

Other material examined

ISLAFERNANDINA: S, between Cabo Hammond and Bursera Hills, 70 m alt., 26 Apr. 1975; (?, $, 4

juv., west vegetation strip, 30 m alt., 10 Aug. 1977; 2 SS, $, numerous juv., west vegetation strip, flush

erater, 320 m alt., 13 Aug. 1977; 2 SS, trail to Grass erater, 380 m alt., 17 Aug. 1977; $, W-slope, 500

m alt., 17 Aug. 1977, leg. W.G. Reeder.

ISLAFLOREANA: S, SE-slope of Cerro Pajas, 80 m alt., 20 Feb. 1977; $, ((3'),south Pampa Grande,

270 m alt., 22 Feb. 1977, leg. W.G. Reeder.

ISEA GENOVESA: S, Barraneo at Bahia Darwin, 20 m alt., 10-27 Mar. 1992.

ISEAISABEEA: VOECAN SIERRA NEGRA: $, east of erater floor, 925 m alt., 19 Feb. 1986, leg. E.

Baert, J.-P. Maelfait & K. Desender; S, NE-rim of ealdera, 980 m alt., 17 Jan. 1978; (?((?), trail to El

Papal above Sto Tomas, 480 m alt., 19 Jan. 1978; S, (3), 4 (5 ?), Zona Velaseo Ibarra (near Scalesia

quadrat), 760 m alt., 2 Jan. 1978, leg. W.G. Reeder. VOECAN AECEDO: 3, along old trail, 600 m alt.,

2 Apr. 1986, leg. E. Baert, J.-P. Maelfait & K. Desender; 4 3, E-slope, Bursera eamp, 340 m alt., 18-19

May 1980; 6 3, 3, ?, (?), 2 juv., west of lava flow, 380 m alt., 23-25 May 1980; (?, 4 $ $((?), E-slope,

Pega Pega eamp, 600 m alt., 24-25 May 1980; 3, E-slope, 700 m alt., 14 May 1980; 2 $ (?)^ E-slope,

790 m alt., 14-15 May 1980; 6 juv.. E-slope, Tributary Barraneo, 735 m alt., 15 May 1980; 3 33, 3 $

east of lava flow, 600 m alt., 24 May 1980; 3(5', 3$, 1000 m alt., 24-25 May 1980; 3, rim, 1130-1160

m, 24 May 1980, leg. W.G. Reeder. VOECAn DARWIN: juv., along transeet to the top, 800 m alt.,

shrub {Croton + Scalesia), 26 Mar. 1988, leg. E. Baert, J.-P. Maelfait & K. Desender; 233, ?, 4 33,

numerous juv.. Beagle erater, 40-50 m alt., 2 May 1980, leg. W.G. Reeder. VOECAn ECUADOR: 3, 2

$, Cabo Berkeley, 20-90 m alt., 8 Aug. 1977, leg. W.G. Reeder.

ISEAMARCHENA: 3, ?, Kipouka, 150 m alt., 29 Jan. 1977; 3, SW-slope, Barraneo, trail to fumaroles,

60 m alt., 30 Jan. 1977; 3, S-slope, near fumaroles ridge, 190 m alt., 26 Jan. 1977, leg. W.G. Reeder.

ISEA PINTA: $, May 1964 (TMM); $, S-slope, 400 m alt., 19 Jul. 1977, leg. W.G. Reeder; 2 33,

transition zone, 200 m alt., 14 Mar. 1992, leg. S. & J. Peek.

ISEAPINZON: 2 $ crater eamp ridge summit, 320 m alt., 6 Feb. 1979, leg. W.G. Reeder.

ISEARABIDA: 3, ?, N-slope, 180 m alt., 29 Sep. 1975; ?, N-slope, 270 m alt., 29 Sep. 1975, leg.

W.G. Reeder.

ISEA SANTIAGO: 3, Aguaeate eamp, 550 m alt., 13 Apr. 1992, leg. S. & J. Peek.

BAERT L., The Thomisidae and Philodromidae of the Galapagos Islands

ISLA SANTA CRUZ: Playa Tortuga, 2 m alt., 8 Jun. 1975, leg. H. Franz; $, 3 juv., trail from Caseta

Tortuga towards the coast, 130 m alt., 18 Aug. 1970, leg. S Riechert; 4 juv., along old trail to Bellavista,

5-15 m alt., 2 Oct. 1975; S, along old trail to Bellavista, 25-30 m alt., 7 Oct. 1975; S, surroundings of

the CDRS, 10 m alt., 18 Feb. 1979; $, Puerto Ayora, 20 m alt., 26 Apr. 1980: cJ, 500 m NE of Cerro

Puntudo pass, 700-720 m alt.; cJ, along old trail to Bellavista, 80-100 m alt., 4 May 1980; S, 1 May

1980, leg. W.G. Reeder; juv., surroundings of CDRS, 5 m alt., 23 Mar. 1985, leg. H. & I. Schatz; (6'),

surroundings of CDRS, 5 m alt., 19 Jan. 1989; 3 juv., 7 km N of Santa Rosa, 550 m alt., 1 Jun. 1991, leg.

S. & J. Peck; Cerro Messa summit, 22 Jan. 2010, leg. F. Hendrickx; 5, surroundings of the CDRS,

21 Apr. 1981; juv., Puerto Ayora, in building, 5 Nov. 1991 (CDRS collections).

Fig. 1. Mecaphesa inclusa (Banks, 1902). A. S palp, ventral view. B. S palp, retrolateral view. C. $,

epigyne.

European Journal of Taxonomy 43: 1-23 (2013)

Material is deposited either at the RBINS (eolleetions made by L. Baert et al ., F. Hendriekx, S. & J. Peek

and H. Franz) or the TMM (eolleetions made by W.G. Reeder, S. Rieehert).

Cited in the literature

ISLA ISABELA, VOLCAn DARWIN: Tagus Cove, A, ? (Banks 1902).

Short general description of the species

Prosoma. With few dispersed long and short setae; lateral prosoma borders provided with very short

setae, anterior elypeal border with long setae; elypeus with a proximal eentral long seta; oeular area

with a long seta just above AL; ehelieerae with one proximal median long seta; eoxae with dorsal setae.

Opisthosoma. Few dispersed long and short setae (only short setae in female).

Legs. Pa III & IV without dorsal spines.

Palp. Tibia of male palp with 1 dorsal and 3 prolateral spines; RTA with hooked tip; VTA ineonspieuous.

Embolus with retrolateral origin, slowly eurled at tip. Cymbium without tutaeulum or tutaeular

groove.

Epigyne. Atrium with selerified anterior and lateral borders and raised hood, small spermatheeal organs

eonspieuous, elose to epigynal fold (Fig. 2C); vulva with irregularly shaped spermatheeae with mesal

spermatheeal organs, thiek eurled eopulatory tubes (Fig. 3A).

This speeies shows variation in eolour among males and between males and females. There is, however,

no speeifie distribution pattern of the three kinds of eolour patterns. A deseription of a male and female

voueher speeimen of eaeh eneountered co mm on eolour variety is given here.

Description of voucher specimens

Male A (Fig. 9A)

Total length. 2.27; prosoma length: 1.09, width: 1.17, height: 0.49.

Colour. Prosoma: ehestnut brown speekled with irregular yellowish spots; elypeus, oeular area and

dorsal thoraeie area paler brown; ehelieerae brown suffused with blaek; labium, endites and sternum

blaekish brown with small irregular light patehes. Legs I & II: Fe, Pa and Ti brown; Mt brown with

lighter proximal half; Ta yellowish with light brown distal half Leg III: Fe yellow with brown distal tip;

Pa dark; Ti, Mt and Ta yellowish with dark proximal part. Leg IV: Fe yellow with brown distal tip; Pa

and Ti dark; Mt and Ta yellowish with dark proximal part. Opisthosoma: with shiny selerotized dorsum

with a pattern of blaek, brown and light ehevron-like patehes; sides blaek; venter greyish; spinnerets

light.

Eyes. MOQ: AW = 0.74 PW, AW = 0.92 LAP, Cl = 3 DAME.

Legs. Measurements: I (5.10): Fe 1.55, Pa 0.60, Ti 1.26, Mt 1.07, Ta 0.62; II (4.89): Fe 1.51, Pa 0.60,

Ti 1.15, Mt 1.05, Ta 0.58; III (2.12): Fe 0.66, Pa 0.33, Ti 0.43, Mt 0.37, Ta 0.33; IV (2.14): Fe 0.68, Pa

0.31, Ti 0.43, Mt 0.39, Ta 0.33. Length of eymbium: 0.21.

Female A

Total length. 3.33; prosoma length: 1.46, width: 1.44, height: 0.59.

Colour. Prosoma: orange speekled with brown irregular stains; labium yellow brown; endites and

sternum yellowish strongly suffused with blaek. Legs I & II: orange brown dorsally, ventrally strongly

BAERT L., The Thomisidae and Philodromidae of the Galapagos Islands

suffused with (almost) black; Legs III & IV: Fe, Mt & Ta whitish with orange brown distal tip, Pa &

Ti orange brown ventrally suffused with black. Opisthosoma: dorsum yellowish strongly suffused with

black, venter whitish with central part greyish; spinnerets orange.

Eyes. MOQ: AW = 0.84 PW, AW = 1.00 LAP, Cl = 0.1 DAME.

Legs. Measurements: I (5.42): Fe 1.71, Pa 0.78, Ti 1.24, Mt 1.03, Ta 0.66; II (5.19): Fe 1.63, Pa 0.76,

Ti 1.17, Mt 1.01, Ta 0.62; III (2.82): Fe 0.87, Pa 0.49, Ti 0.64, Mt 0.45, Ta 0.37; IV (2.98): Fe 0.87, Pa

0.47, Ti 0.60, Mt 0.56, Ta 0.39. Spination: ventral rows of strong spines: Ti I: 5, Mt I: 4, Ti II: 3, Mt II: 4.

Male B (Fig. 9B)

Totae eength. 2.55; prosoma length: 1.13, width: 1.24, height: 0.49.

CoEOUR. Prosoma: orange with two parallel longitudinal dark bands flanked by a row of 4 long setae

along inner border; eye region white surrounded; clypeus white; chelicerae, endites and sternum orange.

Legs I & II: Fe, Pa: orange; Ti, Mt: orange with dark distal part (l/3th); Ta: orange slightly suffused with

black. Legs III & IV: light orange. Pedipalp: light orange. Opisthosoma: White dorsum, shiny with 4

dark chevrons; sides blackish, venter whitish.

Eyes. MOQ: AW = 0.73 PW, AW = 0.89 LAP, Cl = 2.7 DAME.

Legs. Measurements: I (6.82): Fe 2.06, Pa 0.70, Ti 1.75, Mt 1.55, Ta 0.76; II (5.65): Fe 1.73, Pa 0.54,

Ti 1.42, Mt 1.26, Ta 0.70; III (3.26): Fe 1.04, Pa 0.39, Ti 0.76, Mt 0.64, Ta 0.43; IV (3.25): Fe 1.03, Pa

0.39, Ti 0.72, Mt 0.68, Ta 0.43.

Male C (Fig 9C)

Totae eength. 2.39; prosoma length: 1.07, width: 1.17, height: 0.49.

CoEOUR. Prosoma: brown with dorsal V-mark consisting of speckled white spots, sides speckled with

few small white spots; chelicerae and sternum brown speckled with small white spots; endites brown.

Legs I & II: brown with Fe, Pa & Ti speckled with few small white spots. Leg III: Fe yellowish with dark

distal end. Pa dark, Ti-Ta yellowish. Leg IV: Fe yellowish with dark distal end. Pa & Ti dark, Mt & Ta

yellowish. Pedipalp: brown, Ti with dark proximal and distal end. Opisthosoma: shiny brown speckled

with small white spots, venter beige.

Eyes. MOQ: AW = 0.79 PW, AW = 0.96 LAP, Cl = 3.5 DAME.

Legs. Measurements: I (4.96): Fe 1.55, Pa 0.62, Ti 1.22, Mt 1.07, Ta 0.60; II (4.80): Fe I.5I, Pa 0.60,

Ti 1.17, Mt 1.02, Ta 0.50; III (2.23): Fe 0.68, Pa 0.36, Ti 0.45, Mt 0.41, Ta 0.33; IV (2.22): Fe 0.70, Pa

0.33, Ti 0.47, Mt 0.41, Ta 0.31.

Female C (Fig. 9D)

Totae eength. 4.27; prosoma length: 1.69, width: 1.75, height: 0.70.

CoEOUR. As in male.

Eyes. MOQ: AW = 0.809 PW, AW = 1.00 LAP, Cl = 2.6 DAME.

Legs. Measurements: I (6.36): Fe 1.99, Pa 0.97, Ti 1.44, Mt 1.20, Ta 0.76; II (6.08): Fe 1.90, Pa 0.93,

Ti 1.38, Mt 1.17, Ta 0.70; III (2.99): Fe 0.93, Pa 0.54, Ti 0.60, Mt 0.54, Ta 0.38; IV (3.32): Fe 1.09, Pa

0.50, Ti 0.70, Mt 0.62, Ta 0.41. Spination: ventral rows of strong spines: Ti 1: 5, Mt I: 4, Ti II & Mt II: 4.

European Journal of Taxonomy 43: 1-23 (2013)

Distribution

Occurs throughout the whole arehipelago exeept for the south-easternmost islands of Santa Fe, Espanola

and San Cristobal. This speeies has a wide distribution on the islands from the low arid zone up to the

summit of the islands with the highest eateh on the summit of Volean Aleedo at an altitude of ca. 1160 m.

Mecaphesa reddelli sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:aet:A1438F2A-8FE2-4BD9-822C-3667F88CED3B

Figs 2A-C, 3B, 9E-F

Diagnosis

Males of M. reddelli ean be reeognized by the palpal tibia bearing one dorsal and four pro-lateral spines,

RTA with smooth slightly eurved tip (strongly hooked in M. incluso), a short eurved VTA (ineonspieuous

in M. inclusa). Females differ from those of other speeies by its pentagonal shaped epigyne eavity with

lobate anterior borders (eavity oval shaped in M. inclusa).

Etymology

The speeies is named after James Reddell of the Texas Memorial Museum who gave me the opportunity

to study the spiders eaught by W. G. Reeder during his various eolleeting trips between 1975 and 1980.

Type material

Holotype

S, ISEA SANTA CRUZ, Cerro Colorado, 20 m alt., from Scalesia litter at 200-300 m SW of base of

Cerro, 13 Mar. 1975, leg. W.G. Reeder.

Allotype

$, ISEA ISABEEA, Volean Aleedo, Pega Pega Camp, 783 m alt., from large Waltheria bush in the

Scalesia savannah, 13 May 1980, leg. W.G. Reeder.

Paratypes

ISEA SANTA CRUZ: 1 S, Cerro Colorado, 10 m alt., 11 Mar. 1975, leg. W.G. Reeder.

ISEA ISABEEA: 1 Volean Darwin, outside slope Beagle erater, 40-50 m alt., beating Acacia

rorudiana, 22 May 1980, leg. W.G. Reeder.

ISEA GENOVESA: 1 $, 1 juv., 500 m from SE-erater rim, 50 m alt., 25 Get. 1975, leg. W.G. Reeder.

ISEAPINTA: 1 $, pampa, 400 m alt., 18 Jul. 1977, leg. W.G. Reeder.

Description

Male holotype

Total length. 3.45; prosoma length: 1.53, width: 1.61, height: 0.49; ehelieerae: 0.54; opisthosoma

length: 2.06, width: 1.40, height: 1.07.

Prosoma. With long setae arranged in three rows, one just behind posterior eyes and 2 rear oblique rows

(Fig. 9G); lateral borders of entire prosoma provided with very short setae; elypeus with a row of 7

setae; anterior and posterior lateral eyes on tuberele, PE direeted baekwards; ehelieerae with a proximal

median long seta; eoxae with dorsal setae.

Opisthosoma. With many long setae.

Colour. Prosoma: orange brown with triangular lighter area behind the posterior eyes, eye region

whitish; ehelieerae, labium, endites and sternum orange brown. Eegs I & II: yellow brown; Ti, Mt and

BAERT L., The Thomisidae and Philodromidae of the Galapagos Islands

Ta with dark brown distal end (Mt for 2/3th brown). Legs III & IV: yellow. Opisthosoma.- creamy with

white stains and irregular rows of black stains (6 are very obvious in caudal part) on dorsum (Fig. 9F).

Eyes. MOQ: AW = 0.85 PW, AW = 0.89 LAP, Cl = 3.4 DAME, DALE = 0.16.

Legs. Measurements: I (9.89): Fe 2.75, Pa 0.94, Ti 2.16, Mt 1.96, Ta 1.02; II (8.43): Fe 2.59, Pa 0.94,

Ti 2.08, Mt 1.84, Ta 0.98; III (3.97): Fe 1.24, Pa 0.52, Ti 0.89, Mt 0.76, Ta 0.56; IV (4.04): Fe 1.26, Pa

0.49, Ti 0.93, Mt 0.80, Ta 0.56. Spination: Fe I: d2pl3, Fe II: d2-3, Fe III: d2, Fe IV: d2; Pa I-II: dO, P

III-IV: d2; Ti I-IV: d2. Pa III & IV with 2 dorsal spines.

Paep. (Fig. 2A, B) Tibia with 1 dorsal and 4 pro-lateral spines; RTA with smooth slightly curved tip;

short curved VTA. Embolus with retro-lateral origin, slightly curled at tip. Cymbium without tutaculum

or tutacular groove; 2 pro-lateral spines. Length of cymbium: 0.52.

Fig. 2. Mecaphesa reddelli sp. nov. A. S palp, ventral view. B. S palp, retrolateral view. C. $, epigyne.

European Journal of Taxonomy 43: 1-23 (2013)

Female allotype

Total length. 3.61; prosoma length: 1.76, width: 1.75, height: 0.45; ehelieerae: 0.56; opisthosoma

length: 2.37, width: 1.88, height: 1.28.

Opisthosoma. Without long setae as in male.

Colour. Prosoma: eephalie region (elypeus and eye area) white; thorax region light brown with median

dorsal white area eonneeted to eephalie region by means of white longitudinal stripes; prosoma border

white. Two strong setae behind eaeh PLE. Chelieerae, endites and sternum: light brown with whitish

tinge. Labium: light brown. Legs: light brown with whitish tinge; distal borders of Fe, Pa and Ti white.

Opisthosoma: dorsum white with 4 pairs of blaek dots of whieh the eentral 4 largest (Fig. 9E); sides

ereamy white; venter whitish; spinnerets whitish.

Eyes. MOQ: AW = 0.74 PW, AW = 0.84 LAP, Cl = 3.4 DAME, DALE = 0.16.

Legs. Measurements: 1 (7.29): Fe 2.29, Pa 1.01, Ti 1.71, Mt 1.46, Ta 0.82; II (7.13): Fe 2.29, Pa 0.97,

Ti 1.59, Mt 1.46, Ta 0.82; III (3.52): Fe 1.11, Pa 0.54, Ti 0.72, Mt 0.66, Ta 0.49; IV (3.85): Fe 1.22, Pa

0.52, Ti 0.82, Mt 0.78, Ta 0.51. Spination: Fe I: d2pl2, Fe II: d2-3, Fe III-IV: d2; Ti I-II: d2v 2 pairs of 4

spines; Mt I-II: d2pllrllv2 pairs of 5 spines. Pa III & IV without 2 dorsal spines as in male.

Fig. 3. — A. Mecaphesa inclusa (Banks, 1902), spermatheeae. — B. M. reddelli sp. nov., spermatheeae.

BAERT L., The Thomisidae and Philodromidae of the Galapagos Islands

Epigyne. Shape of epigyne cavity pentagonal with anterior borders slightly protruding; width of epigyne

cavity: 0.17 (Fig. 2C); not very conspicuous small vulva compared to M. inclusa, small spermatheca

with short copulatory ducts (Fig. 3B).

Male Paratype

Total length. 3.02; prosoma length: 1.50, width: 1.59, height: 0.49; chelicerae: 0.43; opisthosoma

length: 1.81, width: 1.26, height: 0.89.

Colour. Prosoma: As holotype but eye region not whitish.

Eyes. MOQ: AW = 0.85 PW, AW = 0.90 FAP, Cl = 3.4 DAME, DAEE = 0.16.

Eegs. Measurements: I (8.43): Fe 2.59, Pa 0.94, Ti 2.04, Mt 1.88, Ta 0.98; II (7.91): Fe 2.39, Pa 0.90,

Ti 1.92, Mt 1.76, Ta 0.94; III (3.70): Fe 1.15, Pa 0.52, Ti 0.83, Mt 0.70, Ta 0.50; IV (3.78): Fe 1.20, Pa

0.45, Ti 0.85, Mt 0.76, Ta 0.52. Spination: Fe I: d2pl2, Fe II: d2-3, Fe III: d2, Fe IV: d2; Pa I-II: dO, P

III-IV: d2; Ti I-IV: d2.

Colour variation in females

The females from Isla Isabela (Volcan Alcedo and Volcan Darwin) are very similar in colour. Those of

the northern islands (Pinta and Genovesa) differ from those of Isla Isabela in the following respects: the

thoracic dorsal white area is flanked with a broad dark brown band in the Pinta female, while the Isla

Genovesa female and juvenile female are in general more brownish.

Distribution

Santa Cruz, Volcan Alcedo and Darwin (Isla Isabela), Genovesa and Pinta. It was caught at different

altitudes.

Genus Tmarus Simon, 1875

Tmarus galapagosensis sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:act:04503524-81B7-48E2-B247-D10DAE2341EC

Figs 4A-B, 5A-D

Tmarus stolzmanni - Keyserling, 1880: 138, pi. 3, fig. 74 (description S)- — Banks 1902: 62, pi. 1,

fig. 5 (description S)- —Fubin 1983: 18; 1984: 240; 1985: 795. —Baert & Maelfait 1986: 119, map

25; 2000: 244. — Baert, Maelfait & Desender 1988: 50, 53; 1989: 22. — Baert, Maelfait, Hendrickx &

Desender 2008: 67, map 150.

Diagnosis

Males of T. galapagosensis can be recognized by the RTA with a curled tip and a dark curved hook

at its base, and by the shape of the embolus which arises from the centre of the tegulum making three

turns in retrolateral direction. Females differ from other Tmarus species by the rounded scapus-like plate

without atrium (Fig. 5B, C), the subspherical spermathecae and the strongly curled copulatory ducts

(Fig. 5D).

Etymology

The species name is derived from the geographic name Galapagos, as this species has a wide distribution

throughout the archipelago.

European Journal of Taxonomy 43: 1-23 (2013)

Type material

All type material deposited at the RBINS.

Holotype

S, ISLA SANTA CRUZ, vieinity of Cueva Andreas, arid zone, 20 m alt., 7 Apr. 1991, leg. L. Baert, J.-R

Maelfait & K. Desender.

Fig. 4. — A-B. Tmarus galapagosensis sp. nov., S- A. Palp, ventral view. B. Palp, retrolateral view. —

C-D. Tmarus stolzmanni Keyserling, 1880, 3 . C. Palp, ventral view after Keyserling (1880). D. Palp,

ventral view after Banks (1902).

BAERT L.,The Thomisidae and Philodromidae of the Galapagos Islands

Fig. 5. Tmarus galapagosensis sp. nov., A. Lateral view. B-C. Epigyne. D. Spermatheeae.

European Journal of Taxonomy 43: 1-23 (2013)

Allotype

ISLAFERNANDINA, Punta Espinosa, 24 Mar. 1988, leg. E. Baert, J.-P. Maelfait & K. Desender.

Paratypes

ISEA MARCHENA: 1 S, Playa Negra, Bursera forest, 5 m alt., 10 Mar. 1988, leg. E. Baert, J.-P.

Maelfait & K. Desender; 1 S, SW Playa, Bursera forest, 30 m alt., 12-24 Mar. 1992, leg. S. Peek; 4 SS,

4 95^3 juv., S-slope near beaeh eamp, 5-10 m alt., night eateh in Croton vegetation, 26 Jan. 1977, leg.

W.G. Reeder.

ISEAISABEEA: 3 3, 1 ^,2 ($), Volean Darwin, Beagle erater, night eateh, 22 May 1980, leg. W.G.

Reeder.

ISEA SANTA CRUZ: 1 $, arid zone, Sep. 1964, leg. J. & N. Eeleup.

Other material examined

ISEA FERNANDINA: ($), Tail to Bursera Hills (West vegetation strip), 125 m alt., 27 Apr. 1975; $, 3

juv.. West vegetation strip (ash delta stream bed), 30 m alt., 11 Aug. 1977, leg. W.G. Reeder.

ISEAFEOREANA: $, Post Offiee Bay, arid zone, 20-30 Nov. 1925, ZMUN.

ISEAISABEEA: VOECAN SIERRA NEGRA: S, ?, 3 juv., road to the highlands (500 m from sea), 0-3

m alt., 11 Jan. 1978; S, ?, near Villamil (road to the highlands, 1 km from sea), 10-15 m alt., 11 Aug.

1978, (eg. W.G. Reeder. VOECAn AECEDO: low arid zone, 5 m alt., new trail, 26 Get.-2 Nov. 2001,

leg. E. Roque; (A), open Palo Santo wood, along old trail, Bursera vegetation, 200 m alt., 2-4 Apr. 1996,

leg. E. Baert, J.-P. Maelfait & K. Desender; Bursera eamp, 340 m alt., 19 May 1980; 3 A, $, 3 (A), 3

($), 2 juv.. E-slope, W of lava flow, 380 m alt., 23-25 May 1980; 2 A, 4 $, (A), ($), 3 juv.. E-slope, 600

m alt., 24 May 1980, leg. W.G. Reeder. VOECAn DARWIN: (A), Tagus Cove trail, 0-20 m alt., 2 May

1975. BEAGEE CRATER: 2 SS, 3 juv., lava field between Beagle erater and voleano, 40-50 m alt., 22

May 1980; A, 5 $ $, (A), (?), 7 juv., eamp site, 22 May 1980, leg. W.G. Reeder; juv., outer Western

erater flank, Bursera vegetation, 20 m alt., 22 Feb. 1982, leg. E. Baert & J.-P. Maelfait. VOECAn

ECUADOR: $, ($), juv., Cabo Berkeley, between 20 and 90 m alt., 8 Aug. 1977, leg. W.G. Reeder.

ISEA MARCHENA: 2 ($$), SW slope beaeh eamp area, 10-20 m alt., 30 Jan. 1977; 2 juv.. South

playa eamp, 10 m of new lava flow, 16-20 malt., 1 Feb. 1977; juv., near Barraneo fumaroles, 160-190 m

alt., 29 Jan. 1977; A, 2$ ?, S, S-slope, near fumaroles ridge, 190 m alt., 26 Jan. 1977, leg. W.G. Reeder;

Punta Espejo, vegetation, 5 m alt., 11-24 Mar. 1992; S, (S), 2 juv. Playa Negra, steppe forest at

30 m alt., 12-24 Mar. 1992, leg. S. Peek.

ISEA PINTA: 3 A, 2 jnv. 1 km NE of South Playa, 17-22 Jan. 1977, leg. W.G. Reeder; transition

zone, 200 m alt., 14-22 Mar. 1992, leg. S. Peek.

ISEAPINZON: A, 55-70 m alt., 2 Feb. 1975; A, old erater eamp, 320 m alt., 5 Feb. 1979, leg. W.G.

Reeder; (A), Opuntia held near erater, 300 m alt., 25 Jan. 2010, leg. F. Hendriekx.

ISEA SANTIAGO: juv., Caleta Bueanero, Coldenia vegetation, 30 m alt., 9 Apr. 1982; 2 juv., Cerro

Cowan, 260 m alt., 7 Apr. 1982, leg. E. Baert & J.-P. Maelfait; A, juv., Caleta Bueanero, 25 m alt.,

10 Sep. 1975; (A), juv., Caleta Bueanero, lava ridge, 40-50 m alt., 19 Apr. 1975; A, Crater area, 820-

850 m alt., 14 Sep. 1975, leg. W.G. Reeder; A, E-slope, 160 m alt., 16 Apr. 1964, CAS; (A), juv., Eos

Guayabillos, 300 m alt., 14-16 May 1982, CDRS; A, 2 $, Eos Guayabillos, 300 m alt., 6-7 Apr. 1982,

CDRS.

ISEA SANTA CRUZ: A, ?, Aeademy Bay, 17.0et.l969 (leg. S. Rieehert).

ISEA SANTA FE: camp area, 5-10 m alt., 23 Jan. 1979, leg. W.G. Reeder; 2 juv. Highland, 100 m

alt., 11-24 Mar. 1996, leg. S. Peek; (5), Highland, 150 m alt., 24 Apr. 1991, leg. E. Baert, J.-P. Maelfait

& K. Desender.

ISEA WOEF: juv., 2 Feb. 2002, CDRS.

BAERT L., The Thomisidae and Philodromidae of the Galapagos Islands

Material is deposited either at the RBINS (collections made by L. Baert et al., F. Hendrickx and S. & J.

Peck), TMM (collections made by W.G. Reeder and S. Riechert), CDRS (collections made by L. Roque

and collaborators), CAS or ZMUN.

Cited in the literature

ISLA ISABELA: 2 33, Tagus Cove, March 1899 (Banks 1902).

ISLAFLOREANA: juv., 29 Oct. & 20-30 Nov. 1925 (Banks 1930).

ISLA SANTIAGO: numerous specimens, Los Guyabillos, 300 m alt. (Lubin 1983, 1984, 1985).

Description

Male holotype

Total length. 3.49; prosoma length: 1.35, width: 1.27, height: 0.68; opisthosoma length: 2.03, width:

1.07, height: 0.93; clypeus: 0.29; chelicerae: 0.49.

Opisthosoma. Egg-shaped with small caudo-dorsal, sharp backwards-directed conical hump.

Colour. Prosoma: basic colour brown with white striae (darker than in female); MOQ and clypeus white

connected to each other by a white stripe, eye tubercles with LE white encircled, slightly sloping clypeus

bordered by a white stripe; dorsum creamy bordered by a white triangle, with some short and long

spines. Clypeus with 5 spines (2 at border just above chelicerae and 1 centrally halfway). Chelicerae

white with central creamy brown area, 2 long proximal spines and a row of 4 short spines along inner

edge. Labium, endites and sternum creamy brown. Palp creamy with white stains, cymbium white. Legs:

yellowish with few white and brownish stains. Opisthosoma: dorsum white, sides in apical half dusty, in

caudal half white; venter creamy brown bordered by a white band; spinnerets white with brown spots.

Lyes. MOQ: AW = 0.66 PW; AW = 0.66 LAP; Cl = 7.25 DAME; DAME = 0.04 DALE = 0.14.

Legs. Measurements: I (7.56): Fe 2.23, Pa 0.78, Ti 1.84, Mt 1.81, Ta 0.90; II (6.91): Fe 2.00, Pa 0.70,

Ti 1.73, Mt 1.61, Ta 0.87; III (3.42): Fe 0.97, Pa 0.41, Ti 0.87, Mt 0.64, Ta 0.53; IV (3.32): Fe 1.07, Pa

0.41, Ti 0.72, Mt 0.58, Ta 0.54. Spination: Fe I: 2d5pl2rl, Fe II: 3d3pllrl, Fe III: 2dlpl, Fe IV: 2d; Ti I:

2d3pl3rl2-2v, Ti II: 2d3pl3rl2-2v, Ti III: 2d, Ti IV: 2d; Mt I: Irl 2-1-lv, Mt II: lrl2-2v. Mt and Ta I-IV

with distal row of 3 trichobotria.

Paep. (Fig. 4A, B) Cymbium with 5 spines (2 prolateral, 1 central and 2 in retrolateral position). Tibia

with 1 dark hook, 1 spine and 2 trichobotria in retrolateral position, 3 dorsal trichobotria and 2 spines

in prolateral position; RTA with curled tip and dark curled hook at base; broad lobe-like VTA. Embolus

arising centrally of tegulum, making three turns in retrolateral direction. Cymbium = 0.49.

Female allotype

Totae eength. 5.14; prosoma length: 1.74, width: 1.59, height: 0.75; opisthosoma length: 3.33, width:

1.98, height: 1.92; clypeus: 0.35; chelicerae: 0.66.

Opisthosoma. Egg-shaped with conspicuous caudo-dorsal blunt, backwards-directed conical hump (Fig.

5A).

CoEOUR. Whiter than male. Prosoma: white with faint brown striae; clypeus white, slightly sloping.

Chelicerae, labium, endites, sternum and pedipalp: white with brown stains. Legs: yellow sparsely

mottled with brown dots. Opisthosoma.- dorsum and sides white, sparsely mottled with creamy brown

stains; venter creamy brown band; spinnerets white with brown spots.

European Journal of Taxonomy 43: 1-23 (2013)

Eyes. MOQ: AW = 0.63 PW; AW = 0.71 LAP; Cl = 5.8 DAME; DAME = 0.06, DALE = 0.17.

Legs. Measurements: 1 (7.45): Fe 2.29, Pa 0.87, Ti 1.75, Mt 1.61, Ta 0.93; 11 (7.01): Fe 2.12, Pa 0.85,

Ti 1.61, Mt 1.50, Ta 0.93; 111 (4.16): Fe 1.17, Pa 0.58, Ti 1.01, Mt 0.76, Ta 0.64; IV (4.23): Fe 1.38, Pa

0.54, Ti 0.91, Mt 0.76, Ta 0.64. Spination: Fe I: ld5pllrl, Fe II: 2-3pllrl, Fe III: 2d2pl; Ti I: 2d2pl2rl2-

l-2v, Ti II: 2d2pl2rl2-lv, Ti III: 2dlv; Mt I: 2-2-l-l-2-2v, Mt II: 2-2-2v. Mt and Ta I-IV with distal row

of 3 triehobotria.

Epigyne. A rounded seapus-like plate (Fig. 5 B-C). Two big, nearly spherieal spermatheeae and strongly

eurled long eopulatory duets; fertilisation duets short (Fig. 5D), length of seapus: 0.35.

Biology

Ant-eating noetumal habit (Lubin 1983). Highly eryptie speeies, perfeetly blending with the baekground

of dry twigs eovered with liehens, on whieh it sits during daytime. The pronouneed abdominal dorsal

hump gives the spider the appearanee of a small protuberanee or leaf sear on a twig (Lubin 1983).

Family Philodromidae Thorell, 1870

GQmxs Apollophanes O.P-Cambridge, 1898

Apollophanes fitzroyi sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:aet:E94740CB-AED0-4D93-BEAC-0048BCDF8080

Figs 6A-C, 7A-B

Diagnosis

Males of A. fitzroyi are reeognized by the palp with RTA and VTA fused at base, the latter exeavated, and

by the short embolus arising at the distal end of the tegulum. Females are eharaeterized by the epigyne

with ovoid spermatheeae provided with a prominent apieal spermatheeal organ.

Etymology

The speeies is named after Captain Fitzroy, eommander of HMS Beagle, who made aeeurate navigational

eharts of the arehipelago and took Charles Darwin to the islands in 1835.

Type material

Holotype

S, ISLA SANTIAGO, Playa Espumila, Arid zone, 3-9 Jun. 1991 (pan trap), leg. J. Heraty.

Allotype

?, ISLANORTH SEYMOFTl, Bursera litter, 16 Oet. 1975, leg. W.G. Reeder.

Paratypes

ISLA SANTA CRUZ: (?, 15 km north of Santa Rosa, alt. 140 m, arid zone forest, 1-30 Apr. 1992 (flying

intereeption trap), leg. S. Peek; 1 S, Cerro Colorado, alt. 10 m, 11 Mar. 1975, leg. W.G. Reeder. ISLA

FERNANDINA: (J, Cerro Verde, alt. 170 m, 9 May 1991 (night eateh), leg. L. Baert, J.-P. Maelfait &

K. Desender.

Juveniles

ISLA SANTA FE: $, in detritus along eoastline, 15 May 1975, leg. H. Franz.

ISLA SANTIAGO: S, alt. 580 m, transition wood, 8 Apr. 1982, leg. L. Baert & J.-P. Maelfait.

BAERT L., The Thomisidae and Philodromidae of the Galapagos Islands

Description

Male holotype

Total length. 4.63; prosoma length: 1.98, width: 1.92, height: 0.87.

Colour. Prosoma: Orange brown, strongly speckled with small black spots along sides, with sparse short

setae, hairy (white hairs); chelicerae creamy, strongly speckled; labium, endites & sternum creamy, very

sparsely speckled. Legs: Creamy strongly speckled with black. Pedipalp creamy. Opisthosoma.- creamy

with greyish sides and median greyish lanceolate heart mark, many short setae, venter creamy; anal

tubercle surrounded by many setae.

Eyes. MOQ: AW = 0.73 PW, AW = 0.89 LAP, Cl = 2.3 DAME.

Legs. Measurements: I (9.47): Fe 2.78, Pa 1.10, Ti 2.35, Mt 2.10, Ta 1.14; II (11.65): Fe 3.29, Pa 1.22,

Ti 2.94, Mt 2.75, Ta 1.45; III (8.47): Fe 2.63, Pa 0.90, Ti 2.00, Mt 2.00, Ta 0.94; IV (8.39): Fe 2.63, Pa

0.86, Ti 2.00, Mt 2.00, Ta 0.90. Length of cymbium: 0.70. Spination: Fe I: 3d2pl3rl, Fe II: 3d3pl3rl, Fe

III: 3d2pllrl, Fe IV: 3d2distal rl; Ti I-IV: ld2pl2rl2-2-2v; 3pl3rl2-2v.

Paep. (Fig. 6A-C) Cymbium long oval, with a retrolateral and prolateral spine. Tibia with 1 dorsal and 1

prolateral spine; VTA and RTA fused at base, VTA excavated (Fig. 6C). Embolus short, arising at distal

end of tegulum. Femur with 3 dorsal spines of which 2 at distal end.

Female allotype

Totae eength. 5.40; prosoma length: 2.59, width: 2.51, height: 0.72.

Fig. 6. Apollophanes fitzroyi sp. nov. A. S palp, ventral view. B. S palp, retrolateral view. C. S palp,

tibial apophysis.

European Journal of Taxonomy 43: 1-23 (2013)

Colour. Prosoma: As in male, but speckled with brown along sides; chelicerae creamy, strongly

speckled; labium, endites & sternum creamy, very sparsely speckled. Legs: Creamy with fewer black

spots. Opisthosoma.- whitish with creamy sides and median creamy lanceolate heart mark, many short

setae, venter creamy; anal tubercle surrounded with many setae.

Eyes. MOQ: AW = 0.80 PW, AW = 0.93 LAP, Cl = 2.75 DAME.

Legs. Measurements: 1 (10.04): Fe 2.98, Pa 1.37, Ti 2.47, Mt 2.08, Ta 1.14; II (10.76): Fe 3.61, Pa 1.56,

Ti 2.94, Mt 2.43, Ta 1.22; III (9.22): Fe 2.90, Pa 1.22, Ti 2.24, Mt 1.88, Ta 0.98; IV (9.18): Fe 2.94, Pa

1.10, Ti 2.16, Mt 2.04, Ta 0.94.

Epigyne. (Fig. 7) Medium septum with broad elongate copulatory openings (Fig. 7A), spermathecae

ovoid with a prominent apically situated spermathecal organ (Fig. 7B).

Fig. 7. Apollophanesfitzroyi sp. nov. A. $, epigyne (ventral view). B. Spermathecae (dorsal view).

BAERT L., The Thomisidae and Philodromidae of the Galapagos Islands

Distribution

The species seems to be confined to the central islands of Santa Cruz, Seymour Norte, Santa Fe and

Santiago. It has been found on Santa Cruz in the lower arid zone (5-10 m alt.) and in the transition forest

zone (110-250 m alt.), on Santiago in the transition forest at a higher elevation (580 m alt.).

Remarks

The closely fused VTA and RTA of the male palpal tibia, the absence of a membranous area at the base of

the embolus (# of Thanatus C. L. Koch, 1837), the equidistant posterior eyes (# of Tibellus Simon, 1875)

and the elongated copulatory openings located at sides of septum (epigynal slits) reaching the epigynal

fold in the female and the vulval conformation (spherical spermatheca and apical small spermatecal

organ) observed in this galapagoan species, show it clearly belongs to the genus Apollophanes (Dondale

& Redner 1975; Muster 2009). It resembles A. punctipes (O.P. Cambridge, 1891) most closely, but

a thorough examination of the male and female type material of this species clearly showed the

morphological differences between both species.

Apollophanes (?) lonesomegeorgei sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:act:496BAC9E-DFF4-4E85-A5DE-D884CADED44F

Figs 8A-B, lOA-B

Diagnosis

Males of A. (?) lonesomegeorgei are recognized by the palp with compressed VTA and RTA, strongly

curled embolus with filiform tip pointing backwards and opisthosoma covered with many white and a

few dark scale-like hairs.

Fig. ^.Apollophanes (?) lonesomegeorgei sp. nov. A. S palp, ventral view. B. S palp, retrolateral view.

European Journal of Taxonomy 43: 1-23 (2013)

Etymology

The species is named after “Lonesome George” the last Isla Pinta tortoise (Chelonoidis abingdonii

(Gunther, 1877)) survivor which died on June 24* of 2012, emphasizing in this way the uniqueness of

this spider specimen as explained in the discussion above.

Type material

Holotype

(f, ISLA WOLF, alt. 75 m, Croton forest, 11 May 1996 (pitfall trap), leg. S. Peck.

Fig. 9. Habitus. — A-D. Mecaphesa inclusa (Banks, 1902). A. S colour type A. B. S colour type B. C.

S colour type C. D. $ colour type C. — E-F. Mecaphesa reddelli sp. nov. E. $ of Volcan Alcedo (Isla

Isabela). F. S of Volcan Alcedo (Isla Isabela). Scale bars: 1 mm. Photographs by Rudy Jocque.

BAERT L., The Thomisidae and Philodromidae of the Galapagos Islands

Description

Male

Total LENGTH. 3.92; prosoma length: 1.75, width: 1.81, height: 0.62, clypeus: 0.31; opisthosoma length:

1.75, width: 1.65.

Body. Prosoma: yellow dorsal band covered with white scale-like hairs, dark brown sides covered with

black scale-like hairs; bordered with white scale-like hairs; chelicerae with many short setae, proximal

part creamy, distal part dark; labium creamy grey; endites whitish gray; sternum creamy slightly suffused

with grey. Legs I & II: whitish yellow; Fe, Pa & Ti ventrally dark (blackish); Ta and distal end of Mt

with dense scopulae; Ta with accessory claw. Legs III & IV lacking. Opisthosoma: white, covered with

white scale-like hairs, black apical heart mark covered with black scale-like hairs, sides mottled with

dark stains, venter creamy, spinnerets light. Prosoma and opisthosoma more or less densely covered

with scale-like hairs. Frontal face of chelicerae covered with many short spines.

Eyes. AME: 0.08 < AEE: 0.10; MOQ: AW = 0.73 PW; AW = 0.69 EAP; Cl = 3.4 DAME. AME smaller

than AEE, anterior eye-row strongly recurved; PME closer to PEE (PM-PM: 0.214, PE-PM: 0.135);

AME closer to AEE (AM-AM: 0.097, AE-AM: 0.078).

Eegs. Measurements: I (7.07): Fe: 2.12, Pa: 0.84, Ti: 1.68, Mt: 1.49, Ta :0.94; II (8.44): Fe: 2.54, Pa:

0.90, Ti: 2.08, Mt: 1.86, Ta: 1.06. Eength of cymbium: 0.54. Spination: Fe I: 2d2pl, Fe II: 2d, Ti 1: I-2v,

Ti 11: 2-2-2v; Mt 1: 2-2vIplIrl, Mt 11: 2-2vIplIrl. Only Mt (I & II) with retro- and prolateral spine.

Paep. (Fig. 8) Cymbium short oval with 1 prolateral and 1 retrolateral position spine; tegulum without

apophysis and distinctive fold at the point of origin of the embolus, with strongly curled embolus as in

Titanebo (Muster, 2009; fig. 3). Tibia with 2 prolateral spines, 2 dorsal spines and 2 dorsal trichobotria;

cusplike VTA and fiat RTA apparently compressed together; RTA with short pointed tip and 3 small

denticles in the upper part of it’s distal edge. Pa with two short dorsal spines. Fe with two distal short

thick setae. Embolus arising at prolateral side of tegulum.

Female

Unknown.

Fig. 10. Apollophanes (?) lonesomegeorgei sp. nov. A. 3 prosoma, dorsal view. B. 3 prosoma, frontal

view (AM and AE eyes). Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Photographs by Rudy Jocque.

European Journal of Taxonomy 43: 1-23 (2013)

Remarks

This damaged specimen definitely belongs in the Philodromidae (presence of claw tufts) but cannot with

certainty be placed in a known genus due to the number of deviating characters.

The principal contrasting characters are: AME smaller than ALE, anterior eye-row strongly recurved (in

contrast to Ebo Keyserling, 1884, Titanebo Gertsch, 1933 md Halodromus Muster, 2009) (Fig. lOB);

posterior eye-row procurved (Fig. lOA); prosoma slightly wider than long, covered with scale-like hairs

(Fig. lOA); opisthosoma covered with many white and a few dark scale-like hairs; only metatarsi with

retro- and prolateral spine (in contrast to Ebo and Titanebo)', tibia of male palp with small apophysis

(VTA and RTA apparently compressed), embolus strongly curled with filiform tip pointing backwards.

For the time being I have placed it in Apollophanes, which appears to be the closest genus.

Acknowledgements

I am indebted to Frederick Hendrickx (2002 & 2010) & Wouter Dekoninck (2009 & 2010) (Belgium),

Stewart Peck & John Heraty (Canada), Heinrich & Irene Schatz (Austria), Sandra Abedrabbo, Sonja

Sandovall, Germania Estevez, Lazaro Roque & Henri Herrera (Ecuador) for assistance in the field.

I received support from the Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS) and the Parque Nacional de

Galapagos (SPNG). Financial support was given by the Belgian State (now Belspo), FWO and Leopold

III Fund.

Thanks go to James Reddell of the Texas Memorial Museum (University of Texas) for the loan of the

spider collections made by W.G. Reeder, to Janet Beccaloni of the Natural History Museum of London

for the loan of the type specimens of Apollophanes punctipes (Pickard-Cambridge, 1891) and to Adriano

Kury of the Museu Nacional of Rio de Janeiro for the loan of the many Tmarus species present in the

museum collection.

Special thanks go to Marylise Leclercq who made all the drawings and to Rudy Jocque for the

improvement of the English language and assistance with the photographs.

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Manuscript received: 22 August 2012

Manuscript accepted: 20 March 2012

Published on: 2 May 2013

Topic editor: Rudy Jocque

Desk editor: Kristiaan Hoedemakers

Printed versions of all papers are also deposited in the libraries of the institutes that are members of

the EJT consortium: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; National Botanic Garden

of Belgium, Meise, Belgium; Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; Natural History

Museum, Eondon, United Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium;

Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.