European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55

http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.8Q

ISSN 2118-9773

WWW. europeanj oumaloftaxonomy. eu

2014 • Krapp-Sehiekel T. & De Broyer C.

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Monograph

um:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FDB2386B-9DC8-47C3-B7AB-406BE4264478

Revision of Leucothoe (Amphipoda, Crustacea) from the Southern Ocean:

a cosmopolitanism concept is vanishing

Traudl KRAPP-SCHICKEL' & Claude DE BROYER"

^ Zoologisehes Forsehungsmuseum A. Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany

E-mail: [email protected] (eorresponding author)

^ Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Seienees, rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Bruxelles, Belgium

E-mail: [email protected]

' um:lsid:zoobank.org:author:ElBlDCCF-04CB-4BlA-A69B-A7C25EC95A38

^ um:lsid:zoobank.org:author:970067BF-A792-48A9-B32A-B91F0E41C354

Abstract. Among the 125 eurrently reeognized speeies of the panoeeanie genus Leucothoe, L. antarctica

was deseribed in 1888 from the Antaretie seas, but was soon synonymized with the so-ealled eosmopolitan

Leucothoe spinicarpa Abildgaard, whieh was eited from the Southern Oeean about 70 times sinee this

first reeord. After ereeting a new Antaretie speeies again only in 1983, “morphologieal variants” were

observed and diseussed. In this paper, we revalidate the first defined Antaretie speeies {Leucothoe

antarctica), redeseribe the seeond one {L. orkneyi), deseribe 5 new Southern Oeean speeies {L. campbelli

sp. nov., L. longimembris sp. nov., L. macquariae sp. nov., L. merletta sp. nov. and L. weddellensis

sp. nov.) and provide a key to all Antaretie and sub-Antaretie speeies.

Keywords. Crustaeea, Amphipoda, Feueothoidae, Antaretiea, Southern Oeean.

Krapp-Schickel T. & De Broyer C. 2014. Revision of Leucothoe (Amphipoda, Crustacea) from the Southern Ocean:

a cosmopolitanism concept is vanishing. European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55. http://dx.doi.org/lQ.5852/

eit.2Q14.80

Introduction

In the eontext of growing impaet of environmental ehange on polar marine eeosystems (Turner et al.

2009; Verde & di Priseo 2013), it appears erueial to establish eomprehensive baseline information on

the Antaretie marine biodiversity as a sound benehmark against whieh future ehange ean reliably be

assessed. The Census of Antaretie Marine Fife programme ( www.eaml.aq l was partly set up to answer

this need and organized several exploratory eampaigns in various parts of the Southern Oeean (Gutt

et al. 2010; Sehiaparelli et al 2013). This prompted the establishment of a eomprehensive register of

Antaretie marine speeies by a large panel of speeialists (De Broyer & Danis 2011).

In this framework, the revision of the amphipod erustaeean fauna, one of the most speeies-rieh taxa in

Antaretie waters, was undertaken (De Broyer et al. 2007; Coleman 2007; Zeidler & De Broyer 2009).

Among the various amphipod families oeeurring in the Southern Oeean benthos, the eomposition of the

Feueothoidae remains eonfused due in partieular to the reeurrent reeords of the so-ealled eosmopolitan

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

species Leucothoe spinicarpa (Abildgaard, 1789) (see Lowry & Bullock 1976; De Broyer et al. 2007).

In the course of the revision of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic amphipod fauna in the framework of

the “Synopsis of the Amphipoda of the Southern Ocean”, we revise here the Leucothoe Leach, 1814

material from some recent Southern Ocean collections.

Material and Methods

Complete specimens were studied in temporary glycerine slides, preparations made in Fame’s fluid

and both studied under various light microscopes. Pencil drawings were scanned in and ‘inked’ by

applying the software Adobe Illustrator CSS and Wacom tablets A4 and A5, using the method described

in Coleman (2003, 2009). Examined specimens are stored in the various depositories mentioned in the

material sections.

Geographic coordinates and depth data between square brackets are approximate and based on the

SCAR ENEA Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica ( http://www.scarmarbin.be/gazetteer.php?p=search l

and the GEBCO map respectively (see detailed methods in De Broyer et al. 2007).

In this paper the following morphological terms are applied in the same way as in most of the earlier

publications of the first author (see also Krapp-Schickel 2011: 2):

tooth = non-articulated pointed ectodermal structure

spine = stout, articulated structure (synonymous to “robust seta” of Watling 1989)

seta = slender, flexible articulated structure.

The length ratio between Gn dactylus and propodus is expressed by the shortest distance between the

extreme ends of each.

Abbreviations

A1-2 =

ace. =

art. =

Cx 1-7 =

Epl-3 =

Gn 1-2 =

l:w =

Mx 1-2 =

P3-7 =

Pn =

sta. =

U 1-3 =

antenna 1, 2

accessory

article

coxa 1-7

epimera or epimeral plates

gnathopod 1, 2

inner plate

ratio of length to width

mandible

maxilla 1, 2

outer plate

peraeopod 3-7

peraeonite

station

telson

uropod 1-3

EPBO-UE

NIWA

RBINS

Eaboratory of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand.

Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Results

Phylum Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848

Subphylum Cmstaeea Briinnieh, 1772

Order Amphipoda Latreille, 1816

Family Leueothoidae Dana, 1852

Genus Leucothoe Leaeh, 1814

Type species

Cancer articulosus Monidigu, 1804.

Remarks

Aeeording to the World Register of Marine Speeies (WoRMS), the genus Leucothoe eurrently eomprises

no less than 125 speeies (Horton et al. 2013). The genus itself is morphologieally very eharaeteristie and

easily reeognized, but the distinetion of the eharaeter states in the many speeies is usually quite diffieult,

as it is hard to realize what ean be attributed to allometry, sexual diversity or intraspeeifie variability and

what eonstitutes a stable speeifie morphologieal trait.

The first speeies reeorded in the Southern Oeean, L. antarctica Pfeffer, 1888, was deseribed by Pfefifer

(1888) from the material eolleeted in South Georgia, during the German International Year Expedition

1882-83. Della Valle (1893: 653) ineluded, without eomments, L. antarctica in his long list of L.

spinicarpa synonyms, but Stebbing (1906: 168) kept it separate, noting that it “agrees generally with L.

spinicarpd\ Chilton (1912: 478), after eheeking the type-material, synonymizedL. antarctica again with

L. spinicarpa, regarded by Walker (1909) and subsequent workers as polymorphie and eosmopolitan

(see K.H. Barnard, 1916: 148; Chilton 1921: 59, 1923: 85).

On the other hand. Walker (1907) first identified L. spinicarpa from the eolleetions of the British National

Antaretie Expedition 1901-1904 made at Winter Quarters Bay, Me Murdo Sound, Ross Sea. Sinee this

first reeord, L. spinicarpa has been found more than 68 times in the Southern Oeean s.l. (see eomplete

detailed reeords in De Broyer et al. 2007, and on the SCAR-MarBIN/ANTABIF dataportal: http://data.

biodiversitv.aq/searehengine/esseareh T

Analyzing in detail the material from the US Eltanin and Islas Orcadas eruises in the Seotia Sea and

the Antaretie Peninsula regions, Holman & Watling (1983) - after stressing that the “eosmopolitan” L.

spinicarpa and related speeies have long been eonsidered “a taxonomie headaehe” - distinguished three

morphologieal variants ofL. spinicarpa and Leucothoe orkneyi Holman & Watling, 1983.

In more reeent years, the prevailing view has been to preserve full speeies status for most of the deseribed

Leucothoe speeies, at least until a more eomprehensive taxonomie study has been undertaken (J.L.

Barnard 1972: 137, 1974: 79).

The status of Leucothoe spinicarpa was reeently revised by Krapp-Sehiekel & Menioui (2005) who

diseussed the L. spinicarpa-gyowp, re-established and redeseribed some eentral Atlantie speeies formerly

synonymized with L. spinicarpa, and by Crowe (2006), who designated a neotype and formally

redeseribed the speeies.

In this paper two already defined Antaretie speeies are redeseribed and 5 additional ones presented as

new for seienee.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80 : 1-55 ( 2014 )

Key for Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Leucothoe-^i^toit^:

1. Cx 2 and Cx 4 anterodistally with acute angle [eyes yellowish].

. L. merletta sp. nov. (2.5 mm, depth range unknown)

- Coxae anterodistally never aeutely pointed.2

2. P 5-7 basis ratio l:w elearly > 2, proximally widest.

. L. longimembris sp. nov. (15 mm, depth: 1030 m)

- Basis P 5-7 ratio l:w < 2, medially widest.3

3. Gn 1 propodus and earpus distally very narrow and elongate, propodus ratio l:w> 5,

daetylus < 1/3 of propodus length; Gn 2 propodus with palmar eomer; peraeopod daetyli > 1/2

length of propodus; Ep 2 posterodistally aeutely lengthened [eyes small, eompaet and dark

red]. L. orkneyi Holman & Watling, 1983 (4-9 mm, depth-range 11-1584 m)

- Gn 1 propodus ratio l:w < 5, daetylus > 1/3 of propodus-length, Gn 2 propodus without palmar

eomer; peraeopod daetyli < 1/2 length of propodus.4

4. Gn 1 propodus robust, ratio l:w = 3.0-3.5. [Cx 3 narrow with nearly parallel margins; P 5-7 basis

ovoid, hind margin in P 7 seareely serrate, Ep 3 posterodistal eomer minutely lengthened, posterior

margin exeavate]. L. macquariae sp. nov. (6-10 mm, depth-range 5-111 m)

- Gn 1 propodus ratio l:w more than 3.5.5

5. Gn 2 daetylus very long, reaehing up to about 2/3 of propodus length; Gn 1 propodus ratio l:w = 5;

Ep 3 posterodistal eomer reetangular. L. campbelli sp. nov. (5-7 mm, depth-range 10-25 m)

- Gn 2 daetylus about half length of propodus or little more.6

6. P 7 basis regularly rounded, ratio length to width about 1.3. Eyes large, ommatidia separated.

. L antarctica Pfeffer, 1888 (4-9 mm, depth-range 24-335 m, doubtful material from 1584 m)

- P 7 basis ratio length to width about 1.7. Eyes large, ommatidia fused.

. L. weddellensis sp. nov. (10-24 mm, depth range 9-602 m)

Leucothoe antarctica Pfeffer, 1888

Figs 1-5

Leucothoe antarctica Pfeffer, 1888: 54-57, Taf 11: fig. 4.

sub Leucothoe spinicarpa variant 3 - Holman & Watling 1983: 228-229.

Diagnosis

Eyes large, round. Mandibular palp long and narrow, art. 3 about 1/3 length of art. 2. Cx 3 tongue-shaped

rounded, smooth. Gn 1 propodus l:w = 4-5, daetylus reaehing about 1/3-1/4 of propodus length. P 5-7

basis oval broadened, with regularly rounded hind margin, ratio l:w = 1.5 to 1.2; posterior margin at

least in P 7 strongly serrate (not mentioned in Pfeffer’s deseription). Ep 2 posterodistally with rounded

upturned eomer.

Type material

Neotype ? ov. 5 mm, 2 slides (RBINS, LG. 31073 / INV. 103461). PolarsternAEiT XlX/3 (ANDEEP

1), sta. PS61/067-1; 4 Feb. 2002; off Elephant Island, 60°55’53”S, 55°27’38”W to 60°55’09”S,

55°24’50”W; 115-182 m; bottom trawl.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Type locality

South Georgia, Royal Bay, near the Deutsehe Polarstation 1882-1883 at Moltke Harbor, approx.

54°30’58”S, 36°00’45”W.

Additional material

Belgian-Dutch Antarctic Expeditions

(RBINS, Brussels, EABN 1966-67, eolleetors: M. Steyaert & M. Meiseh, RBINS LG. 23694)

EABN 1966-67, sta. 238, 3 Feb. 1967, Breid Bay, Bale Leopold, 70°19’S, 24°14’E; 200 m; bottom

trawl: 1 juv.

Polarstern cruises

(RBINS, Brussels, ANT XIII/3 (EASIZ I), eoll. C. De Broyer & G. Chapelle, RBINS LG. 28252; ANT

XIX/3 (ANDEEP I), eoll. C. De Broyer, P. Dauby & F. Nyssen, RBINS LG. 31073)

ANT XIII/3 (EASIZ I), sta. PS39/24 MG26; 21 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°08’06”S,

11°3E54”W; 118 m; Multibox Corer: 1 spee. 3.5 mm.

Fig. 1. Leucothoe antarctica Pfeffer, 1888: original illustration in Pfeffer 1888, fig. 4.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

ANT XlX/3 (ANDEEP1), sta. PS 61/047-1; 30 Jan. 2002; offElephant Island; 61°4.18’S, 54°36.8rW,

189 m, bottom trawl: 1 spec. 4 mm.

ANT XlX/3 (ANDEEP 1), sta. PS61/067-1; 4 Feb. 2002; offElephant Island; 60°55’53”S, 55°27’38”W

to 60°55’09”S, 55°24’50”W; 115-182 m; bottom trawl: 1 spec. $ ov. 5 mm slide.

Polish Antarctic Expeditions (LPBO-UL, Lodz)

9* Polish Ant. Exp, sta. OC 412; 11 Jan. 1985; King George Island, Admiralty Bay, Ezcurra Inlet ;

62°10’S, 58°32’W; 90 m; Van Veen Grab: 1 spec.

9* Polish Ant. Exp, sta. OC 520; 3 Nov. 1985; King George Island, Admiralty Bay, section 1; 62°09’S,

58°25’W; 335 m; Van Veen Grab: 1 juv.

Victoria Museum, Melbourne

? J 38267 [Aurora Australis AA93 142], off Mac Robertson Eand, north of Fram Bank; 66°48’

46”S-66°48’52”S, 70°24’59”E-70°25’32”E; depth: ? : 1 spec. 3 mm.

Redescription

Length

4-9 mm [Pfeffer: “5 mm”].

Head

Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin rectangular with rounded comer. Mid-cephalic keel not

prominent. Rostmm small.

Eyes large, round.

Antenna 1 a quarter of body length, flagellum 10-12-articulate, peduncle art. 1 width proximally less

than twice article 2, disto-inferiorly without acute tooth, length art. 1 subequal art. 2, art. 3 about 1/4 of

art. 2, ace. flagellum not seen.

Peduncle art. 3 + flagellum shorter than peduncle arts 1+2.

Antenna 2 subequal in length to antenna 1, peduncle art. 4 > art. 5, flagellum 7-10 arts.

Mouthparts: Mandibles lacking molars, incisor and lacinia mobilis dentate; palp 3-articulate, art. 2 with

12 long lateral setae, art. 3 with 2 distal setae, 0.35 of art. 2. Maxilliped IP small, ventrally fused, OP

reaching about 1/5 of inner margin of palp art. 1; palp articles similar in length.

Peraeon

Cx 1 smooth, length > width; anterior margin smooth, facial setae absent, inferior margin smooth

[Pfeffer: “anterodistally rounded comer of about 70°”].

Gn 1 basis scarcely inflated, posterior margin with groups of short setae; ischium smooth; carpus basis

more than half as long as propodus, distal part linear and extremely narrow, about 8 x longer than wide;

propodus straight, about 4-5 x as long as wide [Pfeffer: “about 4 times”], palm minutely dentate with 8

short setae; dactylus smooth, reaching about 1/3-1/4 propodus length.

Cx 2 subquadrangular, about as long as wide, much wider than Cx 3, distally smooth; anterior margin

straight, anterodistal comer rectangular, inferior and posterior margin straight, facial setae absent.

Gn 2 basis not inflated, on both margins up to 6 short or long setae; carpus nearly reaching half propodus

length, curved, distally like a flnger-tip rounded, densely setose; propodus anterodistally with short.

IvRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Fig. 2. Leucothoe antarctica Pfeffer, 1888, neotype $ 5 mm. Hd = head; A 1, 2 = antennae; Mx 1 =

first maxilla; Mx 1 ’ = palp of first maxilla enlarged; Mx 2 = seeond maxilla; Md = mandible-body;

Md’ = palp of mandible.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Fig. 3. Leucothoe antarctica Pfeffer, 1888, neotype $ 5 mm. Gn 1 = first gnathopod; Gn T = daetylus,

propodus and earpus of first gnathopod enlarged; Gn 2 = seeond gnathopod female; Gn 2’ = seeond

gnathopod male; Mxp = maxilliped.

IvRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Fig. 4. Leucothoe antarctica Pfeffer, 1888, neotype $ 5mm. P 3-7 = peraeopod 3-7; P 7’ = basis of

peraeopod 7 enlarged; Ep 1-3 = epimeral plates 1-3; U 1-3 = uropod 1-3; U E, U 2’ = uropods 1, 2

enlarged; T = telson, T’ = telson redueed; T” = tip of telson enlarged.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

blunt prolongation and a bundle of setae, posterior margin with many low humps, palm eonvex,

proximally near daetylus-end no eomer; faeial setae medially and submedially present; daetylus eurved,

both margins smooth, bare, reaehing somewhat more than half of propodus length.

Cx 3 length > width, anterior and posterior margin straight, distally rounded, smooth, faeial setae absent.

Cx 4 length subequal to width or longer than wide, smooth, bare, anterior margin straight, distal margin

rounded, posterior margin shorter than anterior one, not exeavate, faeial setae absent.

P 3, 4 basis very narrow, a bit wider than merus; daetylus reaehing nearly half length of propodus,

posterior margins with some short thin spines.

Cx 5-7 faeial setae absent.

P 5-7 similar, bases l:w ratio about 1.5 (P 5) to 1.2 (P 7), anterior margins with very slight serrations and

small weak spines, posterior margins in P 5, 6 smooth or serrated, in P 7 strongly serrate [not mentioned

in Pfeffer]. Merus in P 5-7 with posterodistal eomer lengthened.

Pleon

Ep 2 with spines on distal margin, Ep 1, 3 distally bare, but some small setae on posterodistal eomer of

Ep 3. Ep 1 distally rounded, Ep 2 posteroventral eomer not aeutely upturned, but produeed with rounded

eomer, Ep 3 posteroventral eomer blunt and reetangular.

Uropods: U 2 the shortest, with very unequal rami (ratio nearly 1:2), the shorter one shorter than pedunele.

Telson ratio length:width = 3, tip tridentate beeause of two indentations near distal end, with a short seta

inserted in eaeh one.

No sexual dimorphism known.

Distribution

Cireum-Antaretie, from 54° to 71°S, from 11° to 58°W and from 24 to 70°E (type material: 54°S, 36°W).

Depth range

24-335 m.

Remarks

Pfeffer (1888) eompared his new speeies only with the Atlantie speeies Leucothoe articulosa (Eeaeh,

1814), insuffieiently deseribed and aetually kept it - with question marks - as a synonym of L. spinicarpa

(Abildbaard, 1789); there is, however, no doubt that it belongs to the ''spinicarpa-gvowp''.

The original deseription and illustration of the single type are not very helpful (see Fig. 1), but at least

the semieireular posterior margin of P 7 and the seareely upturned rounded posterodistal eomer in Ep 2

are visible in the drawing.

Holman & Watling (1983: 228-229, fig. lld-e) diseussed a so-ealled 'Eeucothoe spinicarpa variant 3”;

on p. 229 they wrote: “Cx 3 with smoothly rounded ventral margin, Cx 4 not exeavate posteriorly. Gn 1

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

daetyl 1/5 length and approximately equal to width of propodus, latter 6 times as long as wide (here

5x). P 7 basis broadly expanded, Ep 3 with quadrate posterodistal eomer. Distribution: tip of Antaretie

Peninsula, 210-220 m [about 63°S, 58°W].”

By the eombination of the key eharaeter states - P 7 basis broadly rounded, Gn 1 daetylus reaehing about

1/4 of propodus, Cx 3 distally smooth, Ep 2 posterodistal eomer only a little produeed and rounded -

L. antarctica elearly differs from all other members of the spiniearpa-group.

Fig. 5. Distribution of Leucothoe antarctica Pfefifer, 1888, L. campbelli sp. nov., L. longimembris

sp. nov., L. macquariae sp. nov. and L. merletta sp. nov. The hydrographie fronts shown on the map

are from north to south: the Sub-Tropieal Front, the Sub-Antaretie Front, the Antaretie Polar Front and

the Southern Antaretie Cireumpolar Current Front. Mean position of the fronts aeeording to Sokolov &

Rintoul (2009). TL = type loeality.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Leucothoe campbelli sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:act:21CA5E07-C2F3-4A9E-8412-85C8CBDA07C6

Figs 5-7

sub Leucothoe spinicarpa variant 2 - Holman & Watling 1983: 228, fig, lla-c.

Diagnosis

Eyes large, round. Mandibular palp long and narrow, art. 3 1/2 length of art. 2. Cx 3 subtrapezoidal,

ventrally smooth. Gn 1 propodus l:w = 5, daetylus reaehing about 1/3 of propodus length. Gn 2

daetylus mueh longer than half length of propodus hind margin. P 5-7 basis oval, not mueh broadened,

posterodistal eomer lengthened, espeeially in P 7, ratio l:w = 1.66; Ep 2 posterodistally with rounded

upturned eomer, posterior margin somewhat exeavated near posterodistal eomer. Ep 3 with right angled

posterodistal eomer. T l:w = 3.

Etymology

The latinized adjeetive indieates the original loeality of the new speeies.

Type material

Holotype ad. ? S 6.5 mm, slide (Australian Museum, Sydney P. 80888); Southern Oeean, Campbell

Island, Perseveranee Harbour, elifif west of Davis Point: sta. CA271; 7 Feb. 1980; 52.6°S, 169.2°E; CA

271, 23 m depth; enemsting yellow sponge, larger sponges, bamaeles and mussels, detritus and fine

sediments.

Additional material

Australian Museum, Sydney

P. 80883: Southern Oeean, Campbell Island, Perseveranee Harbour, west side of Davis Point; sta. CA 71;

1 Jan. 1980; 52.6°S, 169.2°E; 16 m depth; sponges between boulders, bamaeles and bryozoans from

roek faee: 3 spee. 3, 6 and 7 mm.

P. 80884: Southern Oeean, Campbell Island, Perseveranee Harbour, west side of Davis Point; sta.

CA 102; 4 Jan. 1980; 52.6°S, 169.2°E; 25 m depth; sponges and tunieates, bamaeles and bryozoans

from roek faee: 8 spee. 4-6 mm, 1 $ ov. 7 mm.

P. 80885: Southern Oeean, Campbell Island, Perseveranee Harbour, west side of Davis Point; sta.

CA 105; 4 Jan. 1980; 52.6°S, 169.2°E; 25 m depth; algae and sponges on mussels attaehed to boulders:

3 immat. 2.5, 3 and 4 mm.

P. 80886: Southern Oeean, Campbell Island, Smoothwater Bay, elififs West of East Cape; sta. CA 150; 13

Jan. 1980; 52.5°S, 169.2°E; 18 m depth; holdfasts of Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot, sediment

and red algae from roek ereviee: 1 immat. 4 mm.

P. 80887: Southern Oeean, Campbell Island, Smoothwater Bay, eliffs west of East Cape; sta. CA 154;

13 Jan. 1980; 52.6°S, 169.2°E; 10 m depth; red algae and hydroids from ereviees in roek faee: 1 juv.

2.2 mm.

P. 80888: Southern Oeean, Campbell Island, Perseveranee Harbour, elifif west of Davis Point; sta.

CA271; 7 Feb. 1980; 52.6°S, 169.2°E; 23 m depth; enemsting yellow sponge, larger sponges, bamaeles

and mussels, detritus and fine sediments: 6 spee. 5-6 mm.

P. 80889: Southern Oeean, Campbell Island, Perseveranee Harbour, eliffs West of Davis Point; Sta.

CA273; 7 Feb. 1980; 52.6°S, 169.2°E; 23 m depth; red algae and sponges from boulders and bamaeles:

9 spee. 4-7 mm.

P. 80890: Southern Oeean, Campbell Island, Perseveranee Harbour, elifif west of Davis Point; Sta.

CA 276; 7 Feb. 1980; 52.6°S, 169.2°E; 23 m depth; sponge with yellow tubes and sediment from

boulders: 3 immat. 3-4 mm.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Description

Length

5-7 mm.

Head

Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin reetangular with rounded eomer. Mid-eephalie keel not

prominent. Rostrum small.

Eyes large, round.

Antenna 1 one third of body length, flagellum 14-artieulate, pedunele art. 1 width proximally less than

twiee artiele 2, disto-inferiorly without aeute tooth, length art. 1 subequal to art. 2, art. 3 about 1/4 of

art. 2, aee. flagellum not seen. Pedunele art. 3 + flagellum about as long as pedunele arts 1+2.

Antenna 2 subequal in length to antenna 1, pedunele art. 4 > art. 5, flagellum 7-10 arts.

Mouthparts: Mandibles laeking molars, ineisor and laeinia mobilis dentate; palp 3-artieulate, art. 2 with

12 long lateral setae, art. 3 with 2 distal setae, art. 2: art. 3 = 2. Maxilliped IP small, ventrally fused, OP

reaehing about 1/3 of inner margin of palp art. 1; palp artieles similar in length.

Peraeon

Cx 1 smooth, length subequal to width; anterior margin smooth, faeial setae absent, inferior margin

smooth.

Gn 1 basis seareely inflated, posterior margin with short setae; isehium with one seta; earpus basis more

than half as long as propodus, distal part linear and narrow, about 10 x longer than wide; propodus

straight, about 5 x as long as wide, palm with 7 short setae; daetylus smooth, reaehing about 1/3 propodus

length.

Cx 2 wider than long, subreetangular, mueh wider than Cx 3, distally smooth; anterior margin rounded,

anterodistal eomer reetangular, inferior margin rounded, posterior one somewhat exeavate, faeial setae

absent.

Gn 2 basis not inflated, both margins setose; earpus reaehing about 1/3 propodus length, eurved, distally

blunt, densely setose; propodus anterodistally with blunt prolongation and one seta, posterior margin in

adult male with many low humps, palm eonvex, proximally near daetylus-end no eomer; faeial setae

medially and submedially present; daetylus eurved, both margins smooth, bare, reaehing somewhat

more than 2/3 of propodus length.

Cx 3 length > width, anterior and posterior margin slightly eurved, distally seareely rounded, smooth,

faeial setae absent.

Cx 4 length subequal to width or longer than wide, smooth, bare, anterior margin straight, distal margin

rounded, posterior margin shorter than anterior one, not exeavate, faeial setae absent.

P 3, 4 basis very narrow, seareely wider than mems; daetylus reaehing about half length of propodus,

posterior margins without spination.

Cx 5-7 faeial setae absent.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Fig. 6. Leucothoe campbelli sp. nov., holotype IS 6.5 mm. Hd = head; A 1, 2 = antennae 1, 2;

Md, Md’ = mandible from both sides; Md" = mandible partly enlarged; Mx 1, 2 = maxilla 1, 2;

Mxp = maxilliped; Gn 1, 2 = gnathopod 1, 2.

IvRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Fig. 7. Leucothoe campbelli sp. nov., holotype IS 6.5 mm. P 3-7 = peraeopod 3-7; P 7’ = peraeopod 7

reduced; Ep 2, 3 = epimeral plates 2, 3; U 1-3 = uropod 1-3; T = telson.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

P 5-7 similar, bases length:width ratio = 1.66, anterior margins with very slight serrations and small

weak spines, posterior margins smooth or slightly serrate. Merus in P 5-7 with posterodistal eomer

lengthened, basis in P 7 with eharaeteristieally lengthened posterodistal eomer.

Pleon

Ep 1-3 posterodistally rounded, Ep 2 with lengthened rounded posteroventral eomer and posterior

margin slightly emarginate near eomer, Ep 3 blunt-reetangular.

Uropods: U 1 rami subequal; U 2 the shortest, with very unequal rami (ratio about 1:2), the shorter one

shorter than pedunele; U 3 rami slightly unequal, both shorter than pedunele.

Telson ratio l:w = 3.

No sexual dimorphism known.

Distribution

Campbell Island.

Depth range

10-25 m.

Habitat

Sponges, hydroids, tunieates, bamaeles, bryozoans, holdfasts of Durvillaea antarctica, red algae and

sediment.

Remarks

This speeies has gnathopods similar to the ones of the small speeimens of L. weddellensis sp. nov.,

but the peraeopods are more robust and the posterodistal eomers of Ep 2, 3 different; while the here

deseribed speeies lives in shallow depths, L. weddellensis sp. nov. was always found mueh deeper.

The speeies has the same eeology as L. macquariae sp. nov., but differs from the latter in Gn 1, 2

propodus, P 7 basis and Ep 3.

Holman & Watling (loe. eit.) deseribed their “variant 2” as following:

“Coxa 3 with smoothly rounded ventral margin, eoxa 4 not exeavate posteriorly. Gnathopod 1 daetyl 1/4

length and slightly more than 1.5 times as wide as propodus, latter almost 7 times as wide. Third epimeron

with quadrate posterodistal eomer [...]. The first gnathopod has a eonsiderably shorter daetyl than variant

1 [see L. weddellensis sp. nov. below], but appears similar to Sars’ illustrations fo L. spinicarpa in most

other respeets. In stations where both variants 1 and 2 oeeurred, there is also a elear size diehotomy.

Earge speeimens eorrespond eonsistently to variant 1, while smaller ones eorrespond to variant 2 [...]. In

addition, several variant 2 females were found to be ovigerous.”

This text stresses how small the morphologieal differenees are, but at the same time eonfirms the size

differenees of the ovigerous females.

The eeology, the quite shallow depth range as well as the shape of Gn 2 daetylus and Ep 2, 3 are good

indieations for this speeies.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Leucothoe longimembris sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:aet:935721E6-F9D5-4EQA-9AAD-5DEE628627EB

Figs 5, 8-10

Diagnosis

A 1> A2, eyes absent, Cx 1-5 all ending ventrally at about the same level. Basis P 5-7 slim, broadest not

medially but proximally; both margins of bases weakly serrated. Ep 2, 3 posterodistal eomer lengthened

and pointed. U 1 rami subequal, U 2 rami unequal, ratio 2:1, U 3 rami subequal, about 2/3 of pedunele.

Etymology

Many artieles (in Latin membrum, abl. plural membris) like antennae, Gn 1, but espeeially the bases

of the peraeopods 5-7 are unusually elongated (= longis) and this eharaeter is different from all other

speeies hitherto known from the Antaretie or sub-Antaretie regions. The ehosen speeifie name is used

as non-flexible apposition.

Type material

Holotype ? ov. 15 mm (RBINS, LG. 32565 / INV. 103462), Polarstern ANT XXll-3 (ANDEEP 3);

sta. PS67/74-6 EBS; 20 Feb. 2005; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°18.35’S, 13°57.7rW; 1030 m; epibenthie

sledge; eoll. C. De Broyer & B. Danis.

Description

Length

15 mm.

Head

Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin reetangular with rounded eomer. Mid-eephalie keel not

prominent. Rostmm small.

Eyes absent.

Antenna 1 nearly half of body length, flagellum with 21 artieles, pedunele art. 1 width proximally less

than twiee artiele 2, disto-inferiorly with aeute tooth, length art. 1 subequal to art. 2, art. 3 about 1/4 of

art. 2, aee. flagellum not seen. Pedunele art. 3 + flagellum shorter than pedunele arts 1+2.

Antenna 2 shorter than antenna 1, pedunele art. 4 > art. 5, flagellum 7 arts.

Mouthparts: Mandibles laeking molars, ineisor and laeinia mobilis dentate; palp 3-artieulate, art. 2 with

many lateral setae of different length, art. 3 with 2 distal setae, more than half length of art. 2. Maxilliped

IP small, fused, OP reaehing about 1/5 of inner margin of palp art. 1; palp artieles similar in length.

Peraeon

Cx 1 smooth, length > width; anterior margin smooth, faeial setae absent, inferior margin smooth.

Gn 1 basis slender, not inflated, both margins with short setae; isehium smooth; earpus basis about half as

long as propodus, distal part linear and extremely narrow, about 10 x longer than wide; propodus straight,

about 6 X as long as wide, palm with short setae; daetylus smooth, reaehing about 1/3 propodus length.

Cx 2 subquadrangular, about as long as wide, twiee as wide as Cx 3, distally smooth; anterior margin

and anterodistal eomer regularly rounded, inferior margin straight, posteriorly somewhat exeavated,

faeial setae absent.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Fig. 8. Leucothoe longimemhris sp. nov., holotype $ 15 mm. A 1, 2 = antenna 1, 2; UL = upper lip;

Mx 1,2 = maxilla 1, 2; Md, Md’ = mandible from both sides; Mxp = maxilliped.

IvRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Fig. 9. Leucothoe longimembris sp. nov., holotype $ 15 mm. Cx 1-4 = coxa 1-4; Gn 1, 2 = gnathopod

1, 2; P 3, 4 = peraeopod 3, 4.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Fig. 10. Leucothoe longimembris sp. nov., holotype $ 15 mm. Cx 5-7 = coxa 5-7; P 5-7 = peraeopod

5-7; Ep 1-3 = epimeral plate 1-3; U 1, U 3 = uropod 1, 3; T = telson; T’ = telson distally enlarged.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Gn 2 basis not inflated, on both margins short setae; earpus reaehing about 1/3 propodus length, eurved,

distally serrated, setose; propodus anterodistally with short, aeute prolongation, posterior margin with

many low humps, palm eonvex, proximally near daetylus-end no eomer; faeial setae not seen; daetylus

eurved, both margins smooth, bare, reaehing about 2/3 of propodus length.

Cx 3 elongate, length > width, anterior margin rounded, posterior margin straight, distally rounded,

smooth, faeial setae absent.

Cx 4 length shorter than width, smooth, bare, anterior margin nearly straight, distal margin rounded,

posterior margin shorter than anterior one, not exeavate, faeial setae absent.

P 3, 4 basis very narrow, wider than delieate merus; daetylus reaehing nearly half length of propodus,

all margins naked.

Cx 5-7 faeial setae absent.

P 5-7 similar, bases length:width ratio about 2.5 (P 5), 2.3 (P 6) and 2.6 (P 7), both margins with very

slight serrations. Merus in P 5-7 with posterodistal eomer lengthened.

Pleon

Ep 1-3 bare. Ep 1 distally rounded, Ep 2, 3 posteroventral eomer aeutely upturned.

Uropods: U 2 the shortest, with very unequal rami (ratio about 1:2), the shorter one shorter than pedunele.

U 1 and U 3 with subequal rami.

Telson ratio l:w = 3, tip flve-dentate beeause of four indentations near distal end.

Remarks

The new blind speeies is similar to the (also blind) deep-sea speeies L. ayrtonia Bellan-Santini, 1997

(5 mm) andL. atosi Bellan-Santini, 2007 (12 mm), found in the Mid-Atlantie Ridge at 37°N, 31°W at a

depth of 850 m, and at the Barbados Treneh, 10°N, 58°W at a depth of 1947 m respeetively. Differenees

from L. ayrtonia are in the large rostmm, Cx 4 with posterodistal aeute eomer, Ep 3 quadrate with

small tooth, from L. atosi are in mueh shorter antennae, blunt posterodistal eomer at Ep 2, less unequal

U 2 and broader telson. Also L. ushakovi Gurjanova, 1951 (type from Greenland at a depth of 3892 m,

speeimens from 8-34 mm length; see Krapp-Sehiekel & Vader 2012) has P 5-7 bases not medially, but

proximally widest and is blind; differenees with L. longimembris are are the setose bases of Gn 1, 2 and

very unequal rami in U 2 in the here deseribed material (vs. naked bases and less unequal rami in L.

ushakovi), a longer Gn 1 daetylus and a flve-dentate slender telson here (vs. short daetylus and three-

dentate broader telson in L. ushakovi).

Leucothoe macquariae sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:aet:6D484A0D-EC95-4D53-9C12-2E00B6A90F42

Figs 5, 11-12

Diagnosis

Eyes large, round. Cephalie keel not prominent. Mandibular palp art. 3 equal to longer than 1/2 length

of art. 2. Gn 1 propodus l:b = 3-3.5, daetylus reaehing nearly 1/2 of propodus length. P 5-7 basis oval

broadened, with regularly rounded hind margin, ratio length to width 1.7 to 1.3; posterior margin in P 7

weakly serrate. Ep 3 posterodistally with rounded upturned eomer. U 3 robust, rami somewhat unequal.

T l:w < 3.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Etymology

The latinized adjeetive refers to the type loeality.

Type material

Holotype S 7.5 mm in aleohol (Australian Museum, Sydney: P. 81138); Southern Oeean, Maequarie

Island, Tottan Head, south end of Goat Bay; sta. MA 375; 30 Jan. 1978; 54.49167°S, 158.9625°E; 14 m

depth; enerusting sponge, hydroid and tunieate mat on vertieal wall of offshore roek.

Additional material

Australian Museum, Sydney

P. 80891: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Garden Bay, near Hayter Roek; sta. MA 17; 23 Nov. 1977;

54.5°S, 159°E; 10 m depth; Macrocystispyrifera (E.) Agardh holdfasts: 1 spee. immat. 4 mm.

P. 80892: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Tottan Head, south end of Goat Bay; sta. MA 41; 30 Nov.

1977; 54.49167°S, 158.9625°E; 14 m depth; sponges, bryozoans and eolonial tunieates from vertieal

roek wall of offshore roek: 3 spee. 6-7 mm.

P. 80893: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Garden Bay; sta. MA 87; 7 Dee. 1977; 54.5°S, 159°E; 8 m

depth; Macrocystis pyrifera holdfasts and sponges: 1 spee. immat. 3 mm.

P. 81121: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Aerial Cove; sta. MA 108; 12 Dee. 1977; 54.5°S, 159°E; 5 m

depth; sponges and bryozoans from sheltered base of vertieal roek faee: 11 spee. 3-6 mm, 1 spee. 8 mm.

P. 81122: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, roeks off end of Garden Bay Peninsula; sta. MA 123; 16

Dee. 1977; 54.5°S, 159°E; 14 m depth; sponges and Codium from base of roek: 27 spee. 4-8 mm.

P. 81123: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, roeks off end of Garden Bay Peninsula; sta. MA 125;

16 Dee. 1977; 54.5°S, 159°E; 11m depth, sponges and red algae from vertieal roek faee: 1 spee. juv.

2.8 mm.

P. 81125: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, south-east eomer of Gorilla Head Roek; sta. MA 146; 23

Dee. 1977; 54.4875°S, 158.96033°E; 12 m depth; sponges and tunieates from exposed roek walls: 11

spee. 4-8 mm.

P. 81126: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, south-east eomer of Gorilla Head Roek; sta. MA 148; 23

Dee. 1977; 54.4875°S, 158.96033°E; 9 m depth; slate-grey sponge from underside of sand and gravel

bottom in Macrocystis pyrifera bedroek overhang: 11 spee. 4-6 mm.

P. 81127: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, south-east eomer of Gorilla Head Roek; sta. MA 291; 13

Jan. 1978; 54.6°S, 158.9°E; 14 m depth; sponges on roek wall on sandy gravel bottom: 3 spee. 5-6 mm.

P. 81128: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Sandy Bay, off roek platform 200 m S of hut; sta. MA241;

1 Jan. 1978; 54.6°S, 158.9°E; 16 m depth; sponge, hydroid and bryozoan mat on faee of large boulder

on gravel bottom: 4 spee. 6 mm.

P. 81129: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Green Gorge in front of hut; sta. MA245; 7 Jan. 1978;

54.6°S, 158.9°E; 14 m depth; sponges from boulders on sand and gravel bottom in Macrocystis pyrifera

bed: 3 spee. juv. 2.5-3 mm..

P. 81130: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Green Gorge, off roek platform 500 m S of hut; sta.

MA 249; 7 Jan. 1978; 54.6°S, 158.9°E; 18 m depth; sponges, bryozoans, tunieates and algae from

boulders on roeky gravel bottom: 4 spee. 4-7 mm.

P. 81131: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Green Gorge off roek platform; sta. MA 251; 54.6°S,

158.9°E; 18 m depth; sponges, bryozoans, tunieates and algae from boulders on roeky gravel bottom:

>20 spee. 5-8 mm.

P. 81132: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Green Gorge, off roek platform 500 m S of hut; sta.

MA 287; 12 Jan. 1978; 54.6°S, 158.9°E; 11m depth;yellow sponge on vertieal roek wall in sheltered

ereviee: 1 $ 10 mm, 4 spee. 6 mm.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

P 81133: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Green Gorge, Macrocystis beds east of hut; sta. MA 149;

23 Jan. 1977; 54.4875°S, 158.96033°E; 9 m depth; orange, white, yellow and green sponges, hydoids,

bryozoans and tunieates from sheltered eave roof 3 spee. 3-6 mm.

P. 81134: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Tottan Head, south end of Goat Bay; sta. MA 367; 30 Jan.

1978; 54.49167°S, 158.9625°E, 10 m depth, yellow sponges on vertieal wall of offshore roek: 4 spee.

7-8 mm.

P. 81136: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Tottan Head, south end of Goat Bay; sta. MA 370; 30 Jan.

1978; 54.49167°S, 158.9625°E; 14 m depth; red algae, hydroids and sediment on sheltered vertieal wall

of offshore roek: 1 spee. 6 mm.

P. 81137: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Tottan Head, south end of Goat Bay; sta. MA 374; 30 Jan.

1978; 54.49167°S, 158.9625°E; 14 m depth; enerusting sponge mat on vertieal wall of offshore roek: 2

spee. 6 mm.

P. 81138: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, Tottan Head, south end of Goat Bay; sta. MA 375; 30 Jan.

1978; 54.49167°S, 158.9625°E; 14 m depth; enerusting sponge, hydroid and tunieate mat on vertieal

wall of offshore roek: >20 spee. 7-8 mm.

P. 81140: Southern Oeean, Maequarie Island, far roeks off end of Garden Bay Peninsula; sta. MA 379;

01 Feb. 1978; 54.49917°S, 158.9591°E; 11 m depth; sponges, hydrozoans, bryozoans from under roek

overhangs and in small eaves in exposed area: 2 spee. 5-6 mm, 1 $ ov. 7 mm (slide).

NIWA, Wellington

NIWA 7848: sta. C0730; 24 Nov. 1961; south of Maequarie Island; 54°55.00’S, 158°47.00’E; 110 m

depth: 2 spee. 5 mm.

N1WA20875: sta. TAN 0402/231; 04Mar. 2004; offBalleny Islands; 67.4205017°S, 163.9391632°E to

67.4205017°S, 163.9391632°E; 111m depth: 4 spee. 3.5-5 mm.

? NIWA 7850: sta. B0221; 21 May 1960; New Zealand, Foveaux Strait; 46° 40.00’S, 168°16.80’E; 31

m depth: $ ov. 5 mm, 5 ov. 3 mm.

? NIWA 7856: sta. A0013; 29 Jan. 1955; New Zealand, near Auekland; 35.9832993°S, 176.1166992°E;

227 m depth: 1 spee. in 5 slides, 6 spee.

? NIWA 7857: no loeality: 3 spee. 5-6 mm.

Description

Length

5-8 mm.

Head

Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin reetangular with rounded eomer. Mid-eephalie keel not

prominent. Rostrum small.

Eyes large, round.

Antennae short and robust, A 1 < 1/3 of body length, flagellum 10-12-artieulate, pedunele art. 1 width

twiee the one of artiele 2, disto-inferiorly without aeute tooth, length art. 1 subequal to art. 2, art. 3 about

1/3-1/2 of art. 2, aee. flagellum not seen. Pedunele art. 3 + flagellum shorter than pedunele arts 1+2.

A 2 subequal in length to antenna 1, pedunele art. 4 > art. 5, flagellum 7-10 arts.

Mouthparts: Mandibles laeking molars, ineisor and laeinia mobilis dentate; palp 3-artieulate, art. 2 with

12 long lateral setae, art. 3 with 2 distal setae, equal to half length of art. 2. Mx 1 palp sometimes with

indistinet suture, whieh has been reeorded for the first time by White & Thomas (2009). Mx 2 with

riding position of the plates, OP narrow.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Fig. 11. Leucothoe macquariae sp. nov., NIWA 7856 sta. A0013 1 spec, in 5 slides. A 1, 2 = antenna 1,

2; Md = mandible; Mx 1,2 = maxilla 1, 2; Mxp = maxilliped; Gn 1 = gnathopod 1; Gn T = gnathopod

of other specimen from same sample; Gn 2 = gnathopod 2; Gn 2\ Gn 2" = second gnathopods of other

specimens from same sample.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Fig. 12. Leucothoe macquariae sp. nov., NIWA 7856 sta. A0013 1 spee. in 5 slides. P 3-7 = peraeopod

3-7; P 4’, P 6’ = peraeopods of other speeimens; Ep 3 = third epimeral plate; U 1-3 = uropod 1-3; U 2’,

U 3’ = uropods of other speeimens; T = telson.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Mxp robust, IP small, nearly fully fused medially, OP absent; palp artieles unusually wide, subquadrate.

Peraeon

Cx 1 smooth, length > width; anterior margin smooth, faeial setae absent, inferior margin smooth.

Gn 1 basis seareely inflated, anterior margin with some short setae; isehium smooth; earpus basis more than

half as long as propodus, distal part linear, narrow, about 6 x longer than wide; propodus straight, about

3-3.5 X as long as wide, palm with 8 short setae; daetylus smooth, reaehing nearly 1/2 propodus length.

Cx 2 subquadrangular, about as long as wide, mueh wider than Cx 3, distally smooth; anterior margin

rounded, anterodistal eomer reetangularly rounded, inferior margin straight, posterior margin exeavated,

faeial setae absent.

Gn 2 basis not inflated, on anterior margins 3 short setae; earpus nearly reaehing one third of propodus

length, eurved, distally rounded, densely setose; propodus anterodistally without prolongation, with

a bundle of setae, posterior margin in male with many low humps, in female smooth, palm eonvex,

proximally near daetylus-end no eomer; faeial setae medially and submedially present; daetylus eurved,

both margins smooth, bare, reaehing somewhat more than half of propodus length.

Cx 3 length > width, anterior and posterior margin straight, subreetangular, smooth, faeial setae absent.

Cx 4 length subequal to width, smooth, bare, anterior margin straight, distal margin oblique, posterior

margin elearly shorter than anterior one, not exeavate, faeial setae absent.

P 3, 4 basis very narrow, a bit wider than mems; daetylus reaehing nearly half length of propodus,

posterior margins naked.

Cx 5-7 faeial setae absent.

P 5-7 similar, bases length:width ratio about 1.3 (P 5) to 1.2 (P 7), anterior margins with small weak

spines, posterior margins in P 5, 6 smooth, in P 7 weakly serrate. Mems to propodus anterior margin with

small spines, in mems also posterior margin; mems with posterodistal eomer lengthened.

Pleon

Ep 1-3 bare. Ep 2 posteroventral eomer seareely lengthened and rounded. Ep 3 posteroventral eomer

blunt, with small rounded and somewhat upturned eomer.

Uropods: U 2 the shortest, with unequal rami (ratio about 1.4), the shorter one shorter than pedunele.

U 3 pedunele more robust than in the other speeies, margine spinose; rami unequal, ratio 1.2 to 1.25.

Telson ratio l:w = 2.7, margins smooth, tip aeute.

Distribution

sub-Antaretie (Maequarie Island, 54°S) and Antaretie waters (Balleny Islands, 67°S); reeords from

temperate waters (New Zealand: 35°S, 46°S) to be eonflrmed.

Habitat

From Codium sp., red algae, Macrocystispyrifera holdfasts, sponges, bryozoans, eolonial tunieates and

sand or gravel bottom.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Depth range

5-227 m.

Remarks

This speeies has some similarity to L. antarctica, but P 7 basis is less wide and has always a lengthened

posterodistal eomer (nearly semi-eireularly rounded, eomer not or seareely lengthened inL. antarctica)',

Gn 1 propodus is mueh more robust here and U 3 rami are unequal (vs. U 3 slender with equal rami in

L. antarctica)', Ep 3 has a somewhat upturned rounded posterodistal eomer (vs. reetangular eomer in

L. antarctica).

Leucothoe merletta sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:aet:6C2BCD72-777F-4825-B595-A23EBFE445C9

Figs 5, 13-14

Diagnosis

Eyes round, yellowish. Mandibular palp art. 3 nearly as long as art. 2. Cx 2 smooth, in shape of a

parallelogram, anterodistal eomer aeutely lengthened. Cx 4 also with anteridistal eomer aeutely

lengthened, but posterior margin mueh shorter than anterior one. Gn 1 propodus 1: w = 4, daetylus reaehing

nearly 1/2 of propodus length. P 5-7 basis oval, with regularly rounded hind margin, ratio l:w about 1.5;

posterior margin in P 7 smooth. Ep 2 distoposterior eomer slightly upturned, Ep 3 posterodistally with

reetangular eomer. T l:w not known.

Etymology

In Italian “merletto” is the bobbin laee; as the very aeutely elongated Cx 2 and Cx 4 ean remind on laee-

eollars, this epitheton (Latinized flexible adjeetive) was eoined.

Type material

Holotype $ 2.5 mm, Belgian-Duteh Antaretie Expeditions (RBINS, LG. 23694 / INV. 103463); EABN

1966-67: sta. 238; 3 Feb. 1967; BreidBay, Bale Leopold; 70°19’S, 24°14’E; 200 m; bottom trawl; eoll.

M. Steyaert & M. Meiseh.

Description

Length

2.5 mm.

Head

Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin reetangular with rounded eomer. Mid-eephalie keel not

prominent. Rostmm small.

Eyes round, yellow.

Antennae short and robust, A 1 flagellum 5-artieulate, pedunele art. 1 subequal in length but twiee the

width of artiele 2, disto-inferiorly without aeute tooth, art. 3 nearly 1/2 of art. 2, aee. flagellum not seen.

Pedunele art. 3 + flagellum about as long as pedunele art. 2.

A 2 subequal in length with antenna 1, pedunele art. 4 > art. 5, flagellum 4 arts.

Mouthparts: Mandibles laeking molars, ineisor and laeinia mobilis dentate; palp 3-artieulate, art. 2 with

4 long lateral and one distal setae, art. 3 with 2 distal setae, subequal to art. 2.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Fig. 13. Leucothoe merletta sp. nov., holotype $ 2.5 mm: A 1, 2 = antenna 1, 2; Md = mandible;

Gn 1 = gnathopod 1; Gn T = gnathood 1 redueed and from other side; Cx 2 = eoxa 2.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Fig. 14. Leucothoe merletta sp. nov., holotype $ 2.5 mm: Gn 2 = seeond gnathopod; Gn T = seeond

gnathopod from other side; P 3-7 = peraeopod 3-7; Ep 1-3 = epimeral plate 1-3; U 1,2 = uropod 1, 2

(uropod 3 laeking); T = telson.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80 : 1-55 ( 2014 )

Peraeon

Cx 1 smooth, length > width; anterior margin smooth, anterodistal eomer somewhat lengthened, faeial

setae absent, inferior margin smooth.

Gn 1 basis somewhat inflated, smooth; isehium smooth; earpus basis more than half as long as propodus,

distal part linear, narrow, about 7-9 x longer than wide (width very different); propodus straight, about

5 X as long as wide, palm smooth; daetylus smooth, reaehing more than 1/3 propodus length.

Cx 2 about as wide as long, in the shape of a parallelogram, width similar to Cx 3, distally smooth;

anterior margin seareely exeavate, anterodistal eomer aeutely lengthened, inferior and posterior margin

straight, faeial setae absent.

Gn 2 basis not inflated, on anterior margin some setae; earpus nearly reaehing half propodus length,

eurved, distally rounded, with small ineision, setose; propodus anterodistally without prolongation, with

some setae, posterior margin with many low humps, palm eonvex, proximally near daetylus-end with

weak blunt eomer; faeial setae medially and submedially present, but not abundant; daetylus eurved,

both margins smooth, bare, reaehing somewhat more than half of propodus length.

Cx 3 length subequal to width, rounded, anterior and posterior margin straight, quadrangular, smooth,

faeial setae absent.

Cx 4 length shorter then width, smooth, bare, anterior margin distally exeavate, anterodistal eomer aeutely

pointed and lengthened, posterior margin elearly shorter than anterior one, rounded, faeial setae absent.

P 3, 4 basis slender, width subequal to mems; daetylus reaehing nearly half length of propodus, posterior

margins smooth.

Cx 5-7 faeial setae absent.

P 5-7 similar, bases l:w ratio about 1.5, margins smooth. Mems with posterodistal eomer seareely

lengthened and not widened.

Pleon

Ep 1-3 bare. Ep 2 posterodistal eomer somewhat upturned, rounded; Ep 3 posteroventral eomer blunt,

reetangular.

Uropods: U 2 with unequal rami, the shorter one shorter than pedunele. U 3 unknown.

Telson ratio l:w unknown.

Remarks

Until now we know only one representative of this new speeies, but the peeuliar shape of Cx 2 and

Cx 4 makes it easy to reeognize it within the Antaretie and sub-Antaretie speeies. Within the hitherto

Leucothoe speeies L. lilljeborgi (Boeek, 1861) as well as L. ayrtonia Bellan-Santini, 1997 have a

similar Cx 4 with a pointed anterodistal eomer but rounded Cx 2, while L. angusticoxa (Eedoyer, 1972),

deseribed as 'Eeucothopsis n. gen.”, has Cx 2 pointed and Cx 4 rounded.

Distribution

East Antaretie, off Queen Maud Eand, Breidbay (70°S, 24°E).

Depth range

200 m.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Leucothoe orkneyi Holman & Watling, 1983

Figs 15-18

Leucothoe orkneyi Holman & Watling, 1983: 231-233, figs 12-14.

Diagnosis

Eyes medium, round. Mandibular palp long and narrow, art. 3 1/2-1/3 length of art. 2 (in original

deseription verbally reported 1/3, but illustration shows 1/2). Cx 1 l:w subequal. Cx 3 subtrapezoidal,

inferior margin serrate. Gn 1 earpus distal part about 8-9 x longer than wide, propodus ratio l:w = 6,

daetylus reaehing about 1/5 of propodus length. P 5-7 basis oval and not mueh broadened, with regularly

rounded hind margin, ratio l:w 1.8 to 1.5; posterior margin strongly serrate (not mentioned in original

deseription). Ep 2 posterodistally with upturned aeute tip, Ep 3 with posterodistally rounded. T l:w = < 3.

Type locality

Seotia Sea, east of South Orkney Islands; Eltanin 12, sta. 1079; 61°26’S, 40°55’W; 593-598 m.

Material examined

Australian Museum, Sydney

P. 25494: Ross lee-Shelf, MeMurdo Sound, White Island, tide eraek; 25 Jan. 1977; [approx. 78°08’S,

167°24’E]; 67 m depth; on roeky bottom enerusted with bryozoans and hydroids: 1 spee. 4 mm.

Belgian-Dutch Antarctic Expeditions

(RBINS, Brussels, EABN 1966-67, eoll. M. Steyaert & M. Meiseh, RBINS LG. 23694)

EABN 1966-67: sta. 232; 25 Jan. 1967; Breid Bay, Bale Leopold III; 70°17’00”S, 24°15’E; 300 m,

bottom trawl: 1 spee. 6 mm.

British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge

James Clark Ross 179: sta. BI04 -EBS-3D-E; Amundsen Sea; 74.390880°S, 104.767260°W; 506 m;

Epibenthie Sled-Epinet: 1 spee. 4.5 mm, slide.

NIWA, Wellington

NIWA 20875: Tangaroa sta. TAN0402/231; 4 Mar. 2004; off Balleny Islands; 67.4205017°S,

163.9391632°E to 67.4205017°S, 163.9391632°E; 111 m: 4 spee. 3.5-5 mm.

Polarstern cruises

(RBINS, Brussels, ANT XIII/3 (EASIZ I), eoll. C. De Broyer & G. Chapelle, RBINS LG. 28252; ANT

XV/3 (EASIZ II), eoll. C. De Broyer & Y. Seailteur, RBINS LG. 28252; ANT XXII/3 (ANDEEP III),

eoll. C. De Broyer & B. Danis, RBINS LG. 32565.)

ANT XIII/3 (EASIZ I): sta. PS39/005; 6 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; SW of Kapp Norvegia;

71°40.40’S, 12°44.30’W; 229 m; dredge; Rausehert eoll.: 3 spee. 4-6 mm.

ANT XIII/3 (EASIZ I): sta. PS39/006; 7 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°30.80’S, 13°3L44’W;

300 m; dredge; Rausehert eoll.: 2 spee. 3-5 mm.

ANT XIII/3 (EASIZ I): sta. PS39/007; 8 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°28.60’S, 13°45.10’W;

279 m; dredge; Rausehert eoll.: 1 spee. 4 mm.

ANT XIII/3 (EASIZ I): sta. PS39/016; 15 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 73°5r S, 22°24’Wto 73°5r S,

22°25’W; 246-252 m; dredge; Rausehert eoll.: 1 spee. 4 mm.

ANT XIII/3 (EASIZ I): sta. PS39/017; 16 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 73°19’S, 21°16’W, 447 m;

dredge; Rausehert eoll.: 4 spee. 2-5.2 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80 : 1-55 ( 2014 )

ANTXlll/3 (EASIZI): sta. PS39/024MG26; 21 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°8.10’S, 11°31.90’W,

118 m; Multibox Corer: 1 spee. 5 mm.

ANT Xlll/3 (EASIZ 1): sta. PS39/002 MG27; 22 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°19’04”S,

12°24’48”W; 182 m; Multibox Corer: 3 spee. 3 mm.

ANT Xlll/3 (EASIZ 1): sta. PS39/002 MG28; 22 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°19’06”S,

12°22’48”W; 159 m; Multibox Corer: 2 spee. 4, 5 mm.

ANT Xlll/3 (EASIZ 1): sta. PS39/002 MG29; 22 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°18’36”S,

12°25’24”W; 181m; Multibox Corer: 2 spee. 2,5 mm and 3,5 mm.

ANT Xlll/3 (EASIZ 1): sta. PS39/002 MG 30; 22 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°19’ 12”S, 12°27’W;

253 m; Multibox Corer: 1 spee. sex? 5 mm (with red eyes).

ANT Xlll/3 (EASIZ 1): sta. PS39/025 MG31; 23 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°23’06”S,

14°19’48”W; 628 m; Multibox Corer: 1 spee. 5 mm.

ANT Xlll/3 (EASIZ 1): sta. PS39/026; 24 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°29’S, 14°19’Wto 71°29’S,

14°19’W; 210-214 m; dredge 21; Rausehert eolL: 6 spee. 3-6.5 mm.

ANT Xlll/3 (EASIZ 1): sta. PS39/032; 04 Mar. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 70°28’S, 8°15’W to 70°28’S

8°15’W; 283-286 m: 9 spee. 4-6 mm.

ANT XV/3 (EASIZ 11): sta. PS48/039; 29 Jan. 1998; eastern Weddell Sea; 70°52.8’S, 10°31.4’W;

237 m; Agassiz Trawl: S 6 mm.

ANT XXll/3 (ANDEEP 111): sta. PS67/133-2-EBS; 16 Mar. 2005; western Weddell Sea, Powell Basin;

62°46.49’S, 53°3.50’W; 1584 m; EBS-Epinet: 2 juv. 4 mm; 20 spee. 4-5 mm; EBS-Supranet: 1 spee.

5 mm.

Polish Antarctic Expeditions (LPBO-UL, Lodz)

3rd Polish Biol. Ant. Exp. 1974: sta. PABE 111-46; 4 Nov. 1974; Enderby Eand, Alasheyev Bight,

OpasnayaBay; 67°30’S, 45°40’E; 40 m: 1 spee. 6.5 mm.

9th Polish Ant. Exp. 1985: sta. OC 419; 18 Jan. 1985; King George Island, Admiralty Bay, seetion 1;

62°09,0194’S, 58°26,510’W; 380 m; Van Veen Grab: 1 ad. 5 mm.

9th Polish Ant. Exp. 1985: sta. OC 481; 23 Jul. 1985; King George Island, Admiralty Bay, Seetion 1,

62°09.154’S, 58°26.929’W, 205 m. Van Veen Grab: 1 ad. 5 mm.

9th Polish Ant. Exp. 1985: sta. OC 486; 10 Aug. 1985; King George Island, Admiralty Bay, seetion 1;

62°09,067’S, 58°26,797’W; 270 m; Van Veen Grab: 1 spee.

9th Polish Ant. Exp. 1985: sta. OC 517; 30 Oet. 1985; King George Island, Admiralty Bay, Seetion 1;

62°09.149’S, 58°26.927’W; 212 m. Van Veen Grab: 1 spee. 4 mm.

9th Polish Ant. Exp 1985: sta. OC 520; 3 Nov. 1985; King George Island, Admiralty Bay, seetion 1;

62°09’S, 58°25’W; 335 m; Van Veen Grab: 2 spee.

Victoria Museum, Melbourne

J 38265: Aurora Australis sta. AA93 127; MaeRobertson Shelf, edge of Nielsen Basin;

67°16’07”S-67°16’28”S, 65°25’14”E-65°25’45”E; depth? [85 m?]: 1 spee. 3mm.

J 38266: Aurora Australis sta. AA93 131; off Mae Robertson Eand, northern end of Fram Bank;

67°05’02”S-67°05’14”S, 68°58’48”E-68°58’3E’E; depth? "[208 m?]: 1 spee. 3mm.

J 38268: Aurora Australis sta. AA93 158; Eastern Prydz Bay, off the Earsemann Hills;

68°54’53”S-68°54’49”S, 76°37’02”E-76°37’43”E; depth? [660 m?]: 4 spee. 3-4mm.

Redescription

Length

4-9 mm.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Head

Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin reetangular with rounded eomer. Mid-eephalie keel with

aeute projeetion, extending past epistome. Rostrum small.

Eyes small, round, red eolour remaining some time in aleohol (Holman & Watling 1983: 231).

Antenna 1 one third of body length, flagellum 7-artieulate, pedunele art. 1 width proximally less than

twiee artiele 2, disto-inferiorly with aeute tooth, length art. 1 subequal to art. 2, art. 3 about 1/3 of art. 2,

aee. flagellum not seen. Pedunele art. 3 + flagellum subequal to pedunele art. 2.

Antenna 2 subequal in length with antenna 1, pedunele art. 4 > art. 5, flagellum 6 arts.

Mouthparts: Mandibles laeking molars, ineisor and laeinia mobilis dentate; palp 3-artieulate, art. 2 with

6 long lateral and 4-5 distal setae, art. 3 with 2 distal setae, 1/3 length of art. 2. Maxilliped IP small,

ventrally fused, OP reaehing about 1/5 of inner margin of palp art. 1; palp artieles similar in length, all

elearly longer than wide.

Peraeon

Cx 1 smooth, length and width subequal; anterior margin smooth, faeial setae absent.

Gn 1 basis somewhat widened, laeking setae; isehium smooth; earpus basis about half as long as

propodus, distal part linear and extremely narrow (width not mueh differing, about 9 long); propodus

straight, 7-8 x as long as wide, palm minutely dentate with 12 short and up to 8 longer setae; daetylus

smooth, reaehing about 1/5 propodus length.

Cx 2 subquadrangular, about as long as wide, mueh wider than Cx 3, distally smooth; anterior margin

straight, anterodistal eomer reetangular, inferior and posterior margin straight, faeial setae absent.

Gn 2 basis not inflated, on both margins up to 14 short setae and on anterior margin one longer one;

earpus reaehing about 1/3 propodus length, eurved, distally tmneate, with small serration, densely setose;

propodus anterodistally with short aeute prolongation and bundle of setae, posterior margin with many

low humps, palm eonvex, proximally near daetylus-end widening with a eharaeteristie blunt eomer; one

row of faeial setae below the middle line; daetylus eurved, both margins smooth, bare, reaehing more

than half of propodus length.

Cx 3 length > width, anterior and posterior margin straight, distally rounded and irregularly serrate,

faeial setae absent.

Cx 4 wider than long, smooth, bare, anterior margin seareely eonvex, distal margin rounded, posterior

margin shorter than anterior one, not exeavate, faeial setae absent.

P 3, 4 basis slender, a bit wider than mems; mems anterodistally lengthened; daetylus reaehing more

than half length of propodus.

Cx 5-7 faeial setae absent.

P 5-7 similar, bases l:w ratio about 1.9 to 1.5, anterior margins with slight serrations and small weak

spines, posterior margins strongly serrate (not mentioned in original deseription).

European Journal of Taxonomy 80 : 1-55 ( 2014 )

Fig. 15. Leucothoe orkneyi Holman & Walling, 1983: Hd = head; A 1, 2 = antenna 1, 2; Gn 1 = first

gnathopod; Gn 1’ = daetylus and propodus of first gnathopod enlarged.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Fig. 16. Leucothoe orkneyi Holman & Watling, 1983: Gn 2, Gn 2’ = seeond gnathopod from both sides;

P 3, 4 = peraeopod 3, 4.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Fig. 17. Leucothoe orkneyi Holman & Walling, 1983: P 5-7 = peraeopod 5-7; Ep 1-3 = epimeral plates

1-3; U 1-3; uropod 1-3; T = telson.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Pleon

Ep 1-2 with spines on distal margin, Ep 3 distally bare, but some short setae on posterior margin. Ep 1

posteroventral eomer rounded, Ep 2 posteroventral eomer aeutely produeed, Ep 3 posteroventral eomer

blunt and reetangular.

Uropods: U 2 the shortest, with unequal rami (ratio 1.5), the shorter one shorter than pedunele.

Telson ratio l:w > 3, tip tridentate beeause of two indentations near distal end, with a short seta inserted

in eaeh one.

Distribution

Cireum-Antaretie (61°-73°S, 8°-58°W and 24°-167°E; type material 60°35’S, 45°30’W).

Fig. 18. Distribution of Leucothoe orkneyi. Hydrographie fronts as in Fig. 5. XL = type loeality.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Depth range

11-1584 m.

Remarks

The material examined here matehes the deseription and figures of Holman & Watling quite well, but

our speeimens are always eonsiderably smaller, found at shallower depth and their peraeopod bases

are posteriorly serrate. Moreover the original deseription tells about speeimens of 4.5-6.5 mm from

61°27’S, 41°55’W, while others from a similar area were between 6.5 and 9 mm, both loealities from

about 600 m depth. On p. 230-231 (loe. eit.) the authors wrote: “[...]of P 7, the basis of whieh appeared

broadly rounded. Some slight variability in the degree of expansion of this artiele was seen [...], so its

diagnostie value is questionable.”

Thus it eould very well be that this material eonsists of a group of elosely related and morphologieally

extremely similar speeies.

Holman & Watling (loe. eit.) eompare their new speeies to L. tridens Stebbing, 1888, L. miersi Stebbing,

1888, Z. trailli Thomas, 1882, Z. commensalis Haswoll, 1880, Z. diemensis Haswoll, 1880, Z. assimdis

J.L. Barnard, 1974 andZ. hyhelia J.L. Barnard, 1970, whieh all differ from this new speeies in the shape

of the first gnathopod. Z. panpulco J.L. Barnard, 1961 andZ. uschakovi Gurjanova, 1951 (up to 34 mm

maximal length, 3000 m, see redeseription in Krapp-Sehiekel & Vader 2012) have different bases on

P 5-7, Z. ctenochir K.H. Barnard, 1916 has a very eharaeteristie palm on Gn 2.

Leucothoe weddellensis sp. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:aet:2069CF2D-D7B6-4A96-874A-46818C6A3344

Figs 19-27

sub Z. spinicarpa variant 1 - Holman & Watling 1983: 227-230 fig. 10 (but see also diseussion about Z.

spinicarpa variant 1 and 2).

Etymology

The latinized adjeetive refers to the faet that mueh of the material eomes from the Weddell Sea.

Type material

Holotype $ ov. 20 mm (in aleohol) (RBINS, Brussels, LG. 31073/ INV. 103464); Polarstern ANT

XlX/3 (ANDEEP 1): sta. PS61/067 GSN; 4 Feb. 02; Seotia Sea, north to Elephant Island; 60°55’53”S,

55°27’38”W to 60°55’09”S, 55°24’50”W; 115-182 m; bottom trawl; eoll. C. De Broyer, P. Dauby & F.

Nyssen.

Preliminary remarks

Before starting to eite the loealities, we have to explain the division in two parts:

Quite like Holman & Watling (loe. eit.) we hesitated between attributing the entire material to one speeies,

or dividing the material into two new speeies. Eike the eited authors we first separated the material into

two different size elasses with large or small ovigerous females, but then eould not find any eleareut

morphologieal definition whieh would not show here or there intermediate struetures. Unfortunately,

we have no elue about the life span of these females and how often they beeome ovigerous, thus all the

observed tiny differenees eould also be due to allometry.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Therefore we kept the loeality eitations separated and first gave information about the smaller speeimens,

followed by the larger ones. This might help to eontinue gathering observations within this so puzzling

genus.

Diagnosis for the material of 6-14 mm length

Eyes big, round. Mandibular palp ratio art. 3:art. 2 = 0.6. Cx 3 tongue-shaped rounded, smooth. Gn 1

propodus l:w = 5, daetylus reaehing 1/4-1/3 of propodus length. P 5-7 basis narrow oval, P 5, 6 with

slightly eoneave hind margin, P 7 hind margine serrate, ratio l:w about 2. Ep 2, 3 posterodistally with

small rounded upturned eomer. T l:w = 3.

Additional smaller specimens

Australian Museum, Sydney

P. 25977: 1 Feb. 1971; Ross Sea, Ross Island, Cape Bird, Southern Rookery; 77.2°S, 166.4° E; 83 m

depth: 1 spee. 10 mm.

P. 25978: sta. C3-C4; 14 Dee. 1971; Ross Sea, Ross Island, Cape Bird, Southern Rookery; 77.2°S,

166.4°E; 85 m depth; spionid polyehaete bottom: 1 spee. 14 mm.

P. 25979: 30 Jan. 1971; Ross Sea, Ross Island, Cape Bird, Southern Rookery; 77.2°S, 166.4° E; 61 m

depth: 3 spee. 10 mm, 9 mm, 6 mm.

P. 25980: sta. R13; 9 Feb. 1971; Anvers Island, Arthur Harbour; 64.8°S, 64.1°W; 23 m depth; sand 50%,

silt 44%, elay 7%: 1 spee. 6.5 mm.

P. 25981: sta. R13; 9 Feb. 1971; Anvers Island, Arthur Harbour; 64.8°S, 64.1°W; 23 m depth; sand

49.9%, silt 43.78%, elay 7.14%: 1 spee. 7 mm.

P. 34272: 8 Jan. 1982; Davis Station; 68.6°S, 78°E; 15 m depth; roek and silt: 1 spee. 13 mm, 1 juv.

P. 81141: 14 Jan. 1971; Ross Sea, MaeMurdo Sound, Ross Island, Cape Bird; 77.2°S, 166.4° E; 110 m

depth: 1 spee. 10 mm.

Belgian-Dutch Antarctic Expeditions

(RBINS, Brussels: EABN 1966-67, eoll. M. Steyaert & M. Meiseh, RBINS I.G. 23694)

EABN 1966-67: sta. 220; 3 Feb. 1967; Breidbay, Bale Leopold; 70°19’S, 24°14’E; 200 m: 2 spee. 13

and 14 mm.

EABN 1966-67: sta. 236; 3 Feb. 1967; Breidbay, Baie Leopold; 70°19’S, 24°14’E; 200 m: 1 spee.

12 mm.

British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge

Sta. SG-EBS 3-5; 5 Apr. 2006; South Georgia; 54°15’S 36°45’W; 300-500 m: 1 spee. 6 mm.

NIWA, Wellington

NIWA 20425: sta. Tangaroa TAN 0402/15; 5 Feb. 2004; north-eastern Ross Sea, near Cape Adare;

71.7278°S, 171.7353°Eto 71.7308°S, 171.7445°E; 466-467 m: 1 spee. 11 mm.

NIWA20427: sta. TangaroaT0402/54; 13 Feb. 2004; north-eastern Ross Sea; 72.3248°S, 170.4277°E

to 72.3315°S, 170.4287°E; 206-199 m; 1 spee. 13 mm

NIWA 20428: sta. Tangaroa TAN 0402/94; 17 Feb. 2004; north-eastern Ross Sea; 71.5299988°S,

170.1109924°Eto 71.5234985°S, 170.1131744°E; 220-191 m;l spee. 11 mm.

NIWA 20873: sta. Tangaroa TAN 0402/14; 5 Feb. 2004; north-eastern Ross Sea; 71.7313309°S,

171.7500000°E; 451 m: 1 spee. 9 mm,

NIWA 20874: sta. Tangaroa TAN 0402/129; 19 Feb. 2004; north-eastern Ross Sea; 71.3268356°S,

170.4515076°Eto71.3268356°S, 170.4515076°E, 120 m,. 1 spee. 10 mm,

NIWA 21022: sta. Tangaroa TAN 0402/111; 18 Feb. 2004; north-eastern Ross Sea; 71.3044968°S

170.6179962°E; 357 m: 1 spee. 10 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Polarstern cruises

(ANT Vll/4 (EPOS 3), coll. C. De Broyer & M. Klages, RBINS LG. 27497; ANT Xlll/3 (EASIZ 1),

coll. C. De Broyer & G. Chapelle, RBINS LG. 28252; ANT XV/3 (EASIZ 11), coll. C. De Broyer & Y.

Seailteur, RBINS LG. 28252; ANT XXl/2 (BENDEX), eoll. C. De Broyer, RBINS LG. 31072; ANT

XXlll-8, eoll. C. d’Udekem d’Aeoz & H. Robert, RBINS LG. 31070)

ANT Vll/4 (EPOS 3): sta. PS14/245 GSN9; 2 Feb. 1989; eastern Weddell Sea; 74°40’S, 29°40’W;

483 m; bottom trawl: 3 spee. 14 mm; 2 smaller ones.

ANT Vll/4 (EPOS 3): sta. PS14/245 AGT9; 2 Feb. 1989; eastern Weddell Sea; 74°40’S, 29°42’W;

509 m; Agassiz Trawl: 1 spee. $ 12 mm.

ANT Xlll/3 (EASIZ 1): sta. PS39/006 AGTl; 8 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°3rS, 13°34’W to

71°3ES 13°35’W; 254-261 m; Agassiz Trawl: 2 spee. 11 and 13 mm and one damaged.

ANT Xlll/3 (EASIZ 1): sta. PS39/011 GSN4; 13 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 73°22’S, 21°10’W to

73°23’S, 21°12’W; 333-338 m; bottom trawl: 1 spee. 14 mm with orange spots.

ANT Xlll/3 (EASIZ 1): sta. PS39/016 GSN; 15 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea; 73°53,40’S, 22°26,90’W;

246 m; bottom trawl: 1 spee. 11 mm.

ANT Xlll/3 (EASIZ 1): sta. PS39/026 D; 24 Feb. 1996; eastern Weddell Sea, 71°29’S, 14°19’W to

71°29’S, 14°19’W; 210-214 m; dredge 21; eoll. Rausehert: 2 spee.

ANT XV/3 (EASIZ 11): sta. PS48/044 AGT; 30 Jan. 1998; eastern Weddell Sea, north ofKapp Norvegia;

70°5r48”S, 10°34’Wto 70°5r54”S, 10°33’48”W; 227-229 m; Agassiz Trawl: 1 spee. 14 mm.

ANT XV/3 (EASIZ 11): sta. PS48/049 AGT; 30 Jan. 1998; eastern Weddell Sea; 70°52’S, 10°27’18”W

to 70°5E54”S, 10°26’48”W; 255-261 m; Agassiz Trawl: 1 spee. 12 mm.

ANT XV/3 (EASIZ 11): sta. PS48/077AGT; 2Feb. 1998; eastern Weddell Sea; 71°09’42”S, 12°28’42”W

to 71°09’54”S, 12°29’12”W; 341-360 m; Agassiz Trawl: 1 spee. 13 mm.-

ANTXV/3 (EASIZ 11): sta. PS48/078 GSN; 3 Feb. 1998; eastern Weddell Sea; 72°5r06”S, 19°15’06”W

to 72°50’54”S, 19°18’42”W; 390-391 m; bottom trawl: S 14 mm, with orange spots in aleohol.

ANT XV/3 (EASIZ 11): sta. PS48/082 GSN; 3 Feb. 1998; eastern Weddell Sea, Dreseher Inlet;

72°50’48”S, 19°18’48”Wto 72°50’48”S, 19°2r54”W; 395-417 m; bottom trawl: 2 spee. 13 mm.

ANT XV/3 (EASIZ 11): sta. PS48/154 GSN; 11 Feb. 1998; eastern Weddell Sea, Halley Bay; 74°38’42”S,

26°59’W to 74°39’12”S, 27°0r 12”W; 569-583 m; bottom trawl: 3 spee. 10-13 mm.

ANT XV/3 (EASIZ 11): sta. PS48/206 GSN; 18 Feb. 1998; eastern Weddell Sea, Kapp Norvegia;

71°00’24” S, ll°42’36”Wto71°00’42”S, 11°42’30”W; 594-602 m; bottom trawl: 1 spee. 12 mm.

ANT XV/3 (EASIZ 11): sta. PS48/222 GSN; 19 Feb. 1998; eastern Weddell Sea, Kapp Norvegia;

70°50’30”S, 10°35’30”Wto 70°5rS, 10°35’30”W; 234-267 m; bottom trawl: 1 spee. 12 mm.

ANT XXl/2 (BENDEX): sta. PS65/29 AGT; 25 Nov. 2003; Bouvet Island; 54°31,59’S, 03°13,05’E;

377 m; Agassiz Trawl; in sponge, 56 m: 2 spee. 10 and 12 mm.

ANT XXlll/8, sta. PS69/RD 726-1; 23 Jan. 2007; Snow Hill Island; 64°30.86’S, 56°40.23’W; 197 m;

Rausehert dredge; $ ov. 14 mm, 2 spee. 12 mm.

Description

Length

Up to 14 mm

Head

Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin reetangular with rounded eomer. Mid-eephalie keel

prominent. Rostrum small, eurved.

Eyes large, round.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Antenna 1 one third of body length, flagellum 10-14-artieulate, pedunele art. 1 width proximally less

than twiee artiele 2, disto-inferiorly without aeute tooth, length art. 1 subequal art. 2, art. 3 about 1/2 of

art. 2, aee. flagellum not seen. Pedunele art. 3 + flagellum shorter than pedunele arts 1+2.

Antenna 2 subequal in length with antenna 1, pedunele art. 4 elearly longer art. 5, flagellum 9-10 arts.

Mouthparts: Mandibles laeking molars, ineisor and laeinia mobilis dentate; palp 3-artieulate, art. 2 with

many lateral setae of different length, art. 3 with 2 distal setae, art. 3 > 1/2 art. 2. Maxilliped IP small,

OP very short; palp artieles similar in length.

Peraeon

Cx 1 smooth, length > width; anterior margin smooth, faeial setae absent, inferior margin smooth.

Gn 1 basis not inflated, both margins with short setae; earpus basis more than half as long as propodus,

distal part linear and narrow, about 10 x longer than wide; propodus straight, about 5 x as long as wide,

palm minutely dentate with 9 short setae; daetylus smooth, reaehing up to 1/3 propodus length.

Cx 2 subquadrangular, about as long as wide, mueh wider than Cx 3, distally smooth; anterior margin

eonvex, anterodistal eomer reetangular, inferior margin straight, faeial setae absent.

Gn 2 basis seareely inflated, many short setae on anterior margin; earpus nearly reaehing half propodus

length, eurved, distally truneate, densely setose; propodus anterodistally with short prolongation and a

bundle of setae, posterior margin with many low humps, palm eonvex, proximally near daetylus-end no

eomer; daetylus eurved, both margins smooth, bare, reaehing more than half of propodus length.

Cx 3 length > width, distally obliquely rounded, tongue-shaped, smooth, faeial setae absent.

Cx 4 length subequal to width, smooth, bare, anterior margin eonvex, distal margin rounded, posterior

margin shorter than anterior one, exeavate, faeial setae absent.

P 3, 4 basis very narrow, a bit wider than mems; daetylus reaehing less than half length of propodus,

posterior margins with some short thin spines.

Cx 5-7 faeial setae absent.

P 5-7 similar, bases l:w ratio up to 2, anterior margins with very slight serrations and small weak spines,

posterior margins in P 5, 6 smooth, in P 7 weakly. Mems in P 5-7 with posterodistal eomer lengthened.

Pleon

Ep 1-3 without spines or setae. Ep 2 posteroventral eomer not aeutely upturned, but produeed with

rounded eomer, Ep 3 posteroventral eomer blunt and reetangular.

Uropods: U 1 with somewhat unequal rami, the shorter one shorter than pedunele; U 2 the shortest, with

unequal rami, the shorter one subequal to pedunele; U 3 with equal rami mueh shorter than pedunele.

Telson ratio l:w = 3.

No sexual differenee notieed.

Distribution

Cireum-Antaretie (54°-77°S, 10°-64°W and 03°-171°E).

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Fig. 19. Leucothoe weddellensis sp. nov., 14 mm . A 1, 2 = antenna 1, 2; UL = upper lip; Mx 1, 2

= maxilla 1, 2; Md = mandible; Gn 1, 2 = gnathopod 1, 2.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Fig. 20. Leucothoe weddellensis sp. nov., $ 14 mm. P 3-7 = peraeopod 3-7; Mxp = maxilliped; Ep 1-3

= epimeral plate 1-3; U 1-3 = uropod 1-3.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Depth range

15-602 m.

Remarks

In Holman & Walling (1983: 227, fig. 11: upper part, L. spinicarpa variant 2) only few sketehes of

females of 6-6.5 mm are given whieh eould mateh the here deseribed speeimens of 10-14 mm. On p. 229

the authors wrote: “[...] smaller speeimens [in eomparison to the following speeies of 20 mm] tending

not to have this tooth [on Ep 3 posterodistal eomer] or distinetive shape of Cx 3.[...] At stations where

both variants 1 and 2 oeeurred, there is also a elear size diehotomy.”

Diagnosis for the material of 14-24 mm length

Eyes large, round. Cephalie keel aeute. Mandibular palp ratio art. 3:art. 2 = 0.3. Cx 3 in large speeimens

distal margin exeavate, posterodistal eomer lengthened and tongue-shaped rounded, smooth, in smaller

ones without this eharaeter. Gn 1 propodus l:w = 5-6, daetylus reaehing 0.4 of propodus length. P 5-7

basis pear-shaped oval, all with eonvex and serrate hind margin, ratio length to width 1.7-1.8. Ep 1

posterior margin serrate, Ep 2 posterodistally with aeutely lengthened but not mueh upturned eomer,

Ep 3 posteriordistal eomer reetangular, with small prolongation. T l:b = 3.

Additional larger size material

NIWA, Wellington

NIWA 9062: sta. EOCVl-2; Ross Sea, west to Beaufort Island; 77.8327789°S, 166.6138916°E; 28 Dee.

1959, 9-19 m, 1 spee. 15 mm,

NIWA 17881: Tangaroa sta. TAN 0402/53; 13 Feb. 2004; north-eastern Ross Sea; 72.3310013°S,

170.4278259°E; 197 m: 1 ?juv. 10mm

NIWA 20426: Tangaroa sta. TAN 0402/67; 13 Feb. 2004; north-eastern Ross Sea; 72.3209991°S,

170.4751740°Eto72.3345032°S 170.4813385°E; 272-286 m: 1 spee. 13 mm

NIWA 20429: Tangaroa sta. TAN 0402/108; 18 Feb. 2004; north-eastern Ross Sea; 71.2718353°S,

170.5996704°E to 71.2773361°S 170.6151733°E; 400-405 m: 1 spee. 13 mm,

NIWA 20430: Tangaroa sta. TAN 0402/112; 18 Feb. 2004; north-eastern Ross Sea; 71.2935028°S,

170.5766602°E to 71.2961655°S 170.5908356°E; 346-351 m: 1 spee. 17 mm.

NIWA 20431: Tangaroa sta. TAN 0402/133; 23 Feb. 2004; north-eastern Ross Sea; 71.6446686°S,

170.2188263°Eto71.6470032°S 170.2243347°E; 249-252 m: 1 spee. 15 mm

Polarstern cruises

(ANT XV/3 (EASIZ 11), eoll. C. De Broyer & Y. Seailteur, RBINS l.G. 28252; ANT XlX/3 (ANDEEP

1), eoll. C. De Broyer, P. Dauby & F. Nyssen, l.G. 31073)

ANT XV/3 (EASIZ 11): sta. PS48/078 GSN; 3 Feb. 1998; eastern Weddell Sea; 72°5r06”S, 19°15’06”W

to 72°50’54”S, 19°18’42”W; 390-391 m; bottom trawl: S 16 mm, with orange spots.

ANT XV/3 (EASIZ 11): sta. PS48/062 AGT; 31 Jan. 1998; eastern Weddell Sea; 70°53’36”S, 10°28’06”W

to 70°53’42”S, 10°28’12”W; 235-241 m; Agassiz Trawl: 1 spee. 12 mm in 3 slides, 2 spee. 13 mm,

20 mm, all without eggs.

ANT XlX/3 (ANDEEP 1): sta. PS61/047-1; 30 Jan. 2002; north of Elephant Island; 61°04,18’S,

54°36,8EW; 190 m; bottom trawl: 9 spee. 18-20 mm.

ANT XlX/3 (ANDEEP 1): sta. PS61/048-1; 30 Jan. 2002; east of Elephant Island; 61°09,82’S,

54°33,40’W; 343 m; bottom trawl: 1 spee. 20 mm.

ANT XlX/3 (ANDEEP 1): sta. PS61/067 GSN; 4 Feb. 2002; north of Elephant Island; 60°55’53”S,

55°27’38”Wto 60°55’09”S, 55°24’50”W; 115-182 m; bottom trawl: 1 spee. 20 mm.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Polish Antarctic Expeditions (LPBO-UL, Lodz)

Polish Ant. Exp. 2007, sta. Profile BII/4; 27 Mar. 2007; King George Island, Admiralty Bay; 62°09,643’S,

58°30,182’W; 112 m; Van Veen Grab;l spee. 19 mm.

Polish Ant. Exp. 2007, sta. Profile B I/l; 27 Mar. 2007; King George Island, Admiralty Bay; 62°09,703’S,

58°30,272’W; 109 m; Van Veen Grab: 1 spee. 10 mm.

Victoria Museum, Melbourne

J 38264: Aurora Australis, sta.AA93-127; Lot 414; 12 Feb. 1993, 67°16.12’S, 65° 25.23’E; Mae

Robertson Shelf, edge of Nielsen Basin; 109 m: 1 ov. $ 15 mm.

Description

Length

Up to 24 mm.

Head

Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin reetangular with rounded eomer. Mid-eephalie keel aeute.

Rostrum small, eurved.

Eyes large, round.

Antenna 1 one third of body length, flagellum 20-artieulate, pedunele art. 1 width proximally less than

twiee artiele 2, distally without aeute tooth, length art. 1 > art. 2, art. 3 about 1/3 of art. 2, aee. flagellum

not seen. Pedunele art. 3 + flagellum shorter than pedunele arts 1+2.

Antenna 2 subequal in length to antenna 1, pedunele art. 4 elearly longer art. 5, flagellum 10-16 arts.

Mouthparts: Mandibles laeking molars, ineisor and laeinia mobilis dentate; palp 3-artieulate, art. 2 with

many lateral and some distal setae of different length, art. 3 with 3 distal setae, art. 3 = 1/2 art. 2.

Maxilliped IP small, OP absent; palp artieles similar in length.

Peraeon

Cx 1 smooth, length = width; anterior margin smooth, faeial setae absent, inferior margin smooth.

Gn 1 basis not inflated, both margins smooth; earpus basis about half as long as propodus, distal part

linear and narrow, about 8 x longer than wide; propodus straight, about

4.5 X as long as wide, palm smooth with 7-8 short setae; daetylus smooth, reaehing 2/5 propodus length.

Cx 2 subquadrangular, about as long as wide, mueh wider but shorter than Cx 3, distally smooth; anterior

margin eonvex, anterodistal eomer reetangular, inferior margin straight, faeial setae absent.

Gn 2 basis not inflated, many short setae on anterior margin; earpus nearly reaehing half propodus

length, eurved, distally exeavate in male, rounded in female, densely setose; propodus anterodistally

with short, aeute prolongation and a bundle of setae, posterior margin with many low humps, palm

eonvex, proximally near daetylus-end no eomer; daetylus eurved, both margins smooth, bare, reaehing

more than half of propodus length.

Cx 3 length > width, anterior and posterior margin straight, distal margin oblique and exeavate,

posterodistal eomer in large animals tongue-shaped and lengthened, smooth, faeial setae absent.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Fig. 21. Leucothoe weddellensis sp. nov., $ 20 mm. A 1, 2 = antenna 1, 2. Hd = head; Md = mandible;

Mxp = maxilliped; Cx 1-4 = eoxa 1-4.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Fig. 22. Leucothoe weddellensis sp. nov., $ 20 mm. Cx 1, 2 = eoxa 1, 2; Gn 1, 2 = gnathopod 1, 2;

Gn 2’ = seeond gnathopod of 3 20 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Fig. 23. Leucothoe weddellensis sp. nov., $ 20 mm. Cx 5-7 = coxa 5-7; P 6-7 = peraeopod 6, 7;

P 7’ = peraeopod 7 of other speeimen; Ep 1-3 = epimeral plates 1-3; U 1-3 = uropod 1-3; T = telson.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Fig. 24. Leucothoe weddellensis sp. nov., eolour photo by Martin Rausehert: Polar stern ANT XXI/2

(BENDEX): St. PS65/281; 29 Dee. 2003; eastern Weddell Sea, off Kapp Norvegia; 71°7,32’S,

11°28,45’W; 82 m; Rausehert dredge: spee. 20 mm.

Fig. 25. Leucothoe weddellensis sp. nov., eolour photo by Cedrie d’Udekem d’Aeoz: Polarstern

ANT XXIII/8, sta. PS69/RD 726-1; 23 Jan. 2007; Snow Hill Island; 64°30.86’S, 56°40.23’W; 197 m;

Rausehert dredge: $. ov. 14 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80: 1-55 (2014)

Cx 4 length subequal to width, smooth, bare, anterior margin rounded, distal margin straight to exeavate,

posterior margin shorter than anterior one, straight to slightly exeavate, faeial setae absent.

P 3, 4 basis very narrow, a bit wider than merus; daetylus reaehing less than half length of propodus,

posterior margins with some short thin spines.

Cx 5-7 faeial setae absent.

P 5-7 similar, bases l:w ratio 1.7-1.8, anterior margins with very small spines, posterior margins serrate.

Merus in P 5-7 with posterodistal eomer lengthened.

Pleon

Ep 1-2 with spines anterodistally. Ep 2 posteroventral eomer not upturned, but produeed with aeute

eomer, Ep 3 posteroventral eomer reetangular with small rounded prolongation.

Uropods: U 1 with equal rami, shorter than pedunele; U 2 the shortest, with unequal rami, the shorter one

elearly shorter than pedunele; U 3 with slightly unequal rami mueh shorter than pedunele.

Telson ratio l:w = 3.

Distribution of the larger specimens

Cireum-Antaretie (60°-78°S, 10°-58°W and 65°-170°E).

Fig. 26. Leucothoe weddellensis sp. nov., eolour photo by Martin Rausehert: Polarstem ANT XXl/2

(BENDEX): St. PS65/29AGT; 25 Nov. 2003; Bouvet Island; 54°31.5rS, 03°12.84’E; in sponge, 365 m;

Agassiz trawl: spee. 12 mm.

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Depth range

9-405 m.

Holman & Watling (1983) reeorded “L. spinicarpa variant 1” in the Drake Passage, south of Tierra del

Fuego {Eltanin 9, sta. 740; 18 Sep. 1963; 56°06-07’S, 66°19’-30’W; 384-494 m), on the South Georgia

shelf Orcadas 575, sta. 82; 6 Jun. 1975; 55°29.0’S, 35°20.5’W; 413-462 m; sta. 90; 7 Jun. 1975;

54°50.6’S, 37°23.8’W; 223-227 m), in the Seotia Sea {Eltanin 6, sta. 410; 31 Dee. 1962; 61°18’-20’S,

56°09’-10’W; 220-240 m) and north of the Antaretie Peninsula {Eltanin 12, sta. 1003; 15 Mar. 1964;

62°4rS, 54°43’W; 210-220 m).

Fig. 27. Distribution of Leucothoe weddellensis sp. nov. Hydrographie fronts as in Fig. 5. XL = type

loeality.

European Journal of Taxonomy 80 : 1-55 ( 2014 )

Remarks

In Holman & Walling (1983: 227, Fig. 10) males are illustrated whieh are 19-24 mm long and mateh

perfeetly to the here illustrated material of 20 mm. Holman & Watling (l.e.: 229) defined their variant

1 as follows: “...ventral margin of eoxa 3 bilobed in larger speeimens, eoxa 4 not exeavate posteriorly.

Gnathopod 1 very similar to that illustrated by Sars (1895) for L. spinicarpa, daetyl nearly half length

and twiee width of propodus, latter 5 times as long as wide. Gnathopod 2, distal margin of artiele 5

bifureate in large males. Third epimeron posterodistal eomer with small tooth but without distinet sinus

above; however, smaller speeimens tending not to have this tooth or distinetive eoxa 3 shape....”

Dififerenees to the smaller material are, besides the nearly double length of mature females, the length

of Md palp art. 3 (we doubt that there ean be sueh a strong allometry), the shape of Cx 3, P 5-7 basis

and U 3 rami. However, the main reason of our hesitation is that we found samples with both small and

larger ovigerous females, and with larger speeimens with and smaller ones without the eharaeteristie

shape of Cx 3 living together.

Within all hitherto known Leucothoe speeies only L. serraticarpa Della Valle, 1893 has a distal lobation

on a eoxa in large speeimens (like here on Cx 3), but in the former it is in Cx 4 and has a different shape.

Discussion

Widespread or “eosmopolitan” distribution for sublittoral amphipods of the Southern Oeean was reported

several times (see De Broyer et al. 2007, for eomplete distribution reeords of benthie, bentho-pelagie

and pelagie speeies oeeurring in the Southern Oeean). In elarifying the taxonomie status of speeies

previously eonsidered eosmopolitan, this study - on the basis of signifieant material - eontributes to

establish step by step, a more refined view of the biogeography of the Southern Oeean, where the benthie

amphipods present a high rate of endemism of 83% (De Broyer et al. 2007).

Among benthie sublittoral amphipods oeeurring in the Southern Oeean 5*.^. {i.e. south of the Antaretie

Polar Front), there are at least 20 speeies that have been reported as widely distributed in other oeeans

but the taxonomie identifieation of all reeords remains to be earefully eheeked. This is the ease i.a. of

the amphiloehid Gitanopsis squamosa Thomson, 1880; the dexaminid Po/yc/zerza antarctica (Stebbing,

1875); the epimeriid Uschakoviella echiniphora Gurjanova, 1955; the eusiroids Eusiroides crassi

Stebbing, 1888, E. monoculoides (Haswell, 1879), Paramoera fissicauda Dana, 1852 and Schraderia

serraticauda (Stebbing, 1888); the isehyroeerid "falcatd" (a eomplex of speeies partly revised by

Conlan 1990); the lysianassid Hippomedon kergueleni Miers, 1875; the phoxoeephalids Heterophoxus

videns K.H. Barnard, 1930, Pseudharpinia dentata Sehellenberg, 1931, Cephalophoxoides kergueleni

(Stebbing, 1888) and ?Paraphoxus pyripes K.H. Barnard, 1930; the sebid Seba saundersii Stebbing,

1875; the stegoeephalid Pseudo vanhoeffeni (Sehellenberg, 1926); the stilipedids Alexandrella dentata

Chevreux, 1912a andH. subchelata Holman & Watling, 1983a; the eaprellids Caprellinoides tristanensis

Stebbing, 1888 and Pseudoprotomina hedgpethi MeCain & Gray, 1971.

Among pelagie speeies, the following speeies reeorded in Antaretie waters are eonsidered panoeeanie or

widespread in at least two other oeeans: the eusirids Stenopleura atlantica Stebbing, 1888, Cleonardo

longipes Stebbing, 1888 and Harcledo curvidactyla Pirlot, 1929; the eyphoearidids Cyphocaris anonyx

Boeek, 1871, C. faurei K.H. Barnard, 1916 and C. richardi Chevreux, 1905; the pardaliseids Halice

macronyx (Stebbing, 1888) and H. secunda (Stebbing, 1888); the stegoeephalids Parandania boecki

(Stebbing, 1888) andP gigantea (Stebbing, 1883).

On the other hand, many deep-sea benthie or benthopelagie speeies are known to have geographie

distributions eneompassing several oeeans (e.g. Brandt et al. 2012).

KRAPP-SCHICKEL T. & DE BROYER C., Revision of Leucothoe from the Southern Oeean

Reeent moleeular studies demonstrated that many speeies eonsidered widespread or eosmopolitan on

the basis of morphologieal eriteria were in faet eomposed of several eryptie speeies. A partieularly

demonstrative ease is the eombined moleeular and morphologieal analysis eondueted by Havermans

et al. (2013) on Eurythenes gryllus (Liehtenstein, 1822), a eosmopolitan deep-sea benthopelagie

lysianassoid, whieh appears to represent in faet a eomplex of 9 putative speeies-level elades, with more

restrieted distribution.

For the Antaretie amphipod fauna, these and the present results emphasize the need to re-examine

morphologieally in more details and to test with moleeular methods the validity of some widespread

distributed speeies, in partieular the so-ealled panoeeanie speeies.

Acknowledgements

This is eontribution n°85 to the Census of Antaretie Marine Life and ANDEEP publieation n° 183. The

first author was supported by two Synthesis grants from the European Commission during her visits to

RBINS in Brussels. The seeond author was partly supported by the Seientifie Researeh Programme on

the Antaretie of the Belgian Federal Seienee Poliey. The authors gratefully thank the various eolleetors in

the diffieult Antaretie eonditions as well as the eolleagues and eolleetion managers who kindly provided

material for this study: David Barnes (British Antaretie Survey, Cambridge, UK), Anna Jazdzewska

(University of Lodz, Poland), Martin Rausehert (Alfred Wegener Institut, Bremerhaven, Germany),

Kareen Sehnabel (NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand), and Joanna Taylor (Vietoria Museum, Melbourne,

Australia). Anton Van de Putte (RBINS) kindly drafted the distribution maps.

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Manuscript received: 29 August 2013

Manuscript accepted: 26 February 2014

Published on: 15 April 2014

Topic editor: Rudy Jocque

Desk editor: Charlotte Thionois

Printed versions of all papers are also deposited in the libraries of the institutes that are members of

the EJT eonsortium: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Franee; Botanie Garden Meise,

Belgium; Royal Museum for Central Afriea, Tervuren, Belgium; Natural History Museum, London,

United Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Seienees, Brussels, Belgium; Natural History

Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.