European Journal of Taxonomy 142: 1-

http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.142

-15

ISSN 2118-9773

www. europeanj ournaloftaxonomy. eu

2015 • Arias-Bohart E.T. & Elgueta M.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3,0 License.

Research article

um:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A7B039A7-0EDD-468A-85Cl-B872D79CA383

Description of Sharon gen. nov. for the Chilean species Asaphes

amoenus Philippi, 1861 (Coleoptera: Elateridae)

Elizabeth T. ARIAS-BOHART 1 * & Mario ELGUETA 2

^ssig Museum of Entomology, University of California, 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building,

Berkeley 94720, California, U.S.A.

2 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Area de Entomologia, Casilla 787 Santiago

(Correo central), Chile. E-mail: mario.elgueta@rrmhn cl

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C4C6AA8B-2959-429F-B076-997E88A556B7

2 um:lsid:zoobank.org:author:38E90DEF-73Bl-46E0-A343-2F5C5D5405C8

Abstract. Sharon gen. nov. is here described to include Asaphes? amoenus Philippi, 1861 comb. nov.

from Chile. A redescription of the species is based on the female holotype and material from different

geographic locations. Candeze (1891) placed Asaphes amoenus and Par asaphes elegans in the

suprageneric group Asaphites. We discuss differences between Sharon gen. nov. and Hemicrepidius

Germar, 1839, where Asaphes amoenus was later placed by Blackwelder (1944). Based on morphological

characters, Sharon gen. nov. appears to be related to Parasaphes Candeze, 1881, Wynarka Calder, 1986,

and Tasmanelater Calder, 1996, all from Australia, suggesting Gondwanan relationships.

Keywords. Coleoptera, Asaphes , Sharon gen. nov., Chile, new genus.

Arias-Bohart E.T. & Elgueta M. 2015. Description of Sharon gen. nov. for the Chilean species Asaphes amoenus

Philippi, 1861 (Coleoptera: Elateridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 142: 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/

eit.2015.142

Introduction

Kirby (1837) erected Asaphes as a subgenus of Pedetes Kirby, 1837. Philippi (1861) described Asaphes?

amoenus from Chile, based on one specimen only and stated that he was unsure of its generic placement.

Apparently unaware of Philippi’s earlier description, Candeze (1878) described the same species as

Asaphes elegans. Candeze (1881) described Parasaphes elegans , from Queensland, Australia and

placed it in “Asaphites” (based on its type genus Asaphes Kirby, 1837, nee Asaphes Walker, 1834 in

Hymenoptera and therefore an unavailable name). Candeze (1891) included Asaphes Kirby, Parasaphes

Candeze, Compsoctenus Philippi and Tibionema Sober in the “XIX tribu Asaphites”, and placed amoenus

within Asaphes. Calvert (1897) agreed with this combination. Fleutiaux (1907), however, placed

amoenus within Parasaphes. Later, Blackwelder (1944) placed amoenus in the genus Hemicrepidius

Germar, 1839. Bouchard etal. (2011) note that Asaphites Candeze, 1863: 207 belongs under the subfamily

Oxynopterinae Candeze, 1857.

European Journal of Taxonomy 142: 1-15 (2015)

Here, we transfer amoenus from Hemicrepidius to Sharon gen. nov., which we place within the subfamily

Oxynopterinae.

Materials and Methods

Specimens and primary types repositories are from institutional and private collections. Acronyms

follow those provided by the institution or Arnett et al. (1993).

ANIC

BMNH

CAS

CDFA

EMEC

ETA

JEB

MNNC

NMV

Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia

British Museum of Natural History, London, England

California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA

California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, California, USA

Essig Museum of Entomology, Berkeley, California, USA

Elizabeth T. Arias-Bohart, private collection, Sacramento, California, USA

Juan Enrique Barriga Tunon, private collection, Curico, Chile

Coleccion Nacional de Insectos, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile

Melbourne Museum Discovery Centre, Melbourne, Australia

Measurements were made with a calibrated ocular micrometer as follows: total body length from the

frontal margin to elytral apex; elytral width and maximum width of the elytra, when both sides are in

focus.

The following procedure, as detailed by Becker (1958), was used for examining male and female

genitalia: the last few abdominal segments were removed and placed overnight in a Petri dish with

soapy water in order to soften the tissues. Male genitalia were extracted, examined and stored in small

genitalia vials with 90% alcohol, or glued to a card, pinned under the specimen. Measurements using a

calibrated ocular micrometer are as follows: total body length from the frontal margin to elytral apex;

pronotal length and maximum width of the pronotum and elytral length and maximum width of elytra.

Methodology and adult morphology follow Platia (1994), Calder (1996), Lawrence & Arias (2009),

Lawrence et al. (2010a,b) and Arias-Bohart (2013, 2014). Wing vein nomenclature follows that of Dolin

(1975) and Kukalova-Peck & Lawrence (1993, 2004).

Label information includes original spellings of place names from specimen labels. Label data follows

the following format: / = line separation within label, 11 = label separation. Juan Enrique Barriga’s

collection labels include the URL http://www.coleoptera-neotropical.org . which is not included here.

Approximate GPS values are given in parentheses. Drawings were made using a camera lucida on a

Leica MZ7 dissecting microscope. Type material has been databased with a unique number indicated on

the label consisting of the acronym EMEC followed by the identification number, which can be accessed

at http://essigdb.berkeley.edu .

Results

Order Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758

Family Elateridae Leach, 1815

Subfamily Oxynopterinae Candeze, 1857

Sharon gen. nov.

um:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A9250D0D-9E9D-4A12-BlE7-3C55FE9D8592

Type species: Asaphesl amoenus Philippi 1861: 743, here designated.

ARIAS-BOHART E.T. & ELGUETAM., Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) gen. nov.

Diagnosis

This genus differs from all other elaterid genera by the following combination of characters: strongly

serrate antennae from antennomere 4; frontoclypeal carena over antenna distinctive, diffuse at middle;

frontoclypeal region advanced forward, concealing labrum at base; pronotum longer than wide, sides

carinate and visible from above in almost all its enterity; in males pronotal sides straight, except at

posterior angles; broad, protruding posterior angles, apices upwards; mesocoxa open to mesepimeron

and mesepisternum; apical field of wing with one oblique, long narrow plate, reaching border of the wing.

Sexual dimorphism present. Morphological characters of Sharon gen. nov. (Figs 1A-B, 2) are further

discussed with Hemicrepidius (Fig. 3), where the species amoenus was last placed by Blackwelder

(1944).

Etymology

This generic name honors Sharon P. Lawler of Davis, California, a long time friend.

Description

Female

Body about 4.27-4.97 times as long as wide; pronotal sides narrower than elytral sides; elytral maximum

width at anterior third; elytral apices softly rounded, not meeting at mid-line (Fig. 1A-B. Holotype of

type species MNNC).

Head slightly declined at base, transverse, ratio of median length to greatest postocular width 0.14-0.22;

eyes medium size, protuberant in both sexes, facetted, without interfacetal hairs; supra-antennal ridges

raised above, each antennal fossa with deep curved invagination between antennal insertion and eye;

antennomeres 2 and 3 significantly smaller that remaining antenomeres; 4-11 serrate, tubular-shaped.

Female antennae shorter than male antennae (Fig. 2); frontoclypeal carena over antenna distinctive,

slightly curved, diffuse at middle; frontoclypeal region advanced forward; labrum small, 1.6 times as

long as wide; mandibles unidentate (Fig. 4A).

Prothorax elongate, about 1.19-1.30 times as long as greatest width; sides sinuate narrower anteriorly,

carinate and emarginate; strongly convex medially; posterior angles broad, produced posterolateraly,

apices upwards; base of pronotum without incisions; hypomera simple, basally non excavate; prosternum

strongly combed; notosternal suture marginate, sinuated at procoxae, open at anterior end; prostemal

process slightly narrower near base, then gradually expanded posteriorly, following procoxae in lateral

view, extending well behind procoxae; hypomeron basally impressed to accomodate leg (femur),

enlarged, covering epipleura; procoxae subglobular.

Scutellar shield convex, elongate, parallel-sided, anterior border diffuse, posteriorly with a small notch;

elytra striate, about 2.34-3.16 times as long at midline as greatest width and 2.63-2.9 times as long as

pronotum; parallel-sided at anterior third, narrowing towards posterior third, converging posteriorly,

apices rounded, not meeting at central midline; humeri well developed; disc with 10 defined striae,

each stria strongly punctate, deep punctures separated by less than one own diameter; mesoventrite not

on same plane as metaventrite; articulating lobes of mesostemite rugose; anterior articulating surfaces

of mesostemite almost perpendicular to median body line; mesocoxae projecting, mesocoxal cavities

narrowly separated, open laterally to mesepimeron and mesepisternum; mesocoxal distance 0.25 times

mesocoxal diameter; mesosternal posterior region sinuated, length 0.25 times mesocoxal diameter;

mesosternal cavity sides mostly parallel, except at base (Fig. 5A); metacoxae obliquely oriented, with

plates extending towards body side; posterior region of mesostemite with length 0.25 times mesocoxal

diameter; metasternum between metacoxae elevated.

European Journal of Taxonomy 142: 1-15 (2015)

Hind wing about 2.46-3.0 times as long as wide; apical field about 0.17 times as long as total wing

length, apical field with one oblique long, narrow plate, reaching border of the wing; radial cell well

developed, elongate, length 5.0 times as long as wide; cross-vein r 3 long, length about 4.16 times length

of radial cell, horizontal and arising away from r 4 ; base of RP very long, extending to wing base; R-M

loop forming narrowly acute angle; MP 3+4 branching in 2 straight long veins (arrow); wedge cell legth

about 2.7 times its width (Fig. 7A).

Genitalia: Bursa copulatrix elongate, at base with two globular glands, posterior area of bursa with more

than 10 long spinules, anterior area of bursa with small sclerotized spicules (Fig. 8A, globular glands

not visible on figure).

Tarsomeres 1-3 narrow at base, distally wider; tarsomeres 1-4 with lamellae (Fig. 10); tarsomere 4

significatly smaller than precedents; pretarsal claws simple; empodium short, not extending between

claws.

Male

Same characters as female unless indicated as follows.

Body about 4.45-4.73 times as long as wide; pronotal sides straight; elytral length about 3.11-3.42

t im es pronotal length; ante nn omere 11 reaching posterior angles, antennomere 11 elongate, similar in

size to antennomeres 4-8 (Fig. 2).

Prothorax elongated dorso-ventrally, somewhat flattened, except slightly combed medially, pronotal

sides strongly emarginate, about 1.04-1.47 times as long as greatest width.

Genitalia: aedeagus symmetrical. Median lobe attached to parameres (Fig. 11).

Distribution

Southern Chile, provinces Arauco, Malleco, Cautin, Valdivia and Coihaique.

Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) comb. nov.

Figs 1AB, 2, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 9-11

Asaphes? amoenus Philippi, 1861: 743.

Asaphes elegans Candeze, 1878: clxxxix.

Asaphes amoenus - Philippi 1887: 704. — Candeze 1891: 182. — Calvert 1897: 844-855.

Asaphes elegans - Philippi 1887: 704. —Fleutiaux 1907: 216. — Blackwelder 1944: 293.

Parasaphes amaenus [sic] - Fleutiaux 1907: 216-217.

Hemicrepidius amoenus -Blackwelder 1944: 293.

Material examined

Holotype

CHILE: $, 14.47 mm; number 2223. Corral, Valdivia (39°52' S 73°26’ W) EMEC113160 [MNNC],

Non type material studied

CHILE: Sharon amoenus. $: Prov. Valdivia/ Sto. Dgo. / Valdivia / 28-10-90 /E. Krahmer. (39 0 48'51" S

73°14'45" W) [ETA]; Prov. Valdivia / Sto. Dgo. / Valdivia / 28-10-90 / E. Krahmer. (39°87’ S 73°39’

W) [ETA]; f \ Cautin 700m/NuevaImperial / 15-XI-81L Pena//Ex Coleccion Valencia/005249 [JEB];

S\ Pichinahuel / Cord Nahuelb. / Arauco Enero 59 / Leg: G. Barria / / Ex Coleccion Valencia 005231 II

Hemicrepidius amoenus (Phil.) / Valencia Det 1972. (37°48.34E S /0 73°02.112’ W) [JEB]; f: Valdivia

ARIAS-BOHART E.T. & ELGUETAM., Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) gen. nov.

/ Santo Domingo / 4-XI-84 Krahmer/ / Ex Coleccion Valencia 005187 (39°87’S 73°39’W) [JEB]; S'-

Valdivia Panguipulli / 13.XI.77 Krahmer / Ex Coleccion Valencia 004976 (39°38 , 40 ,, S 72°19 , 50”W)

[JEB]; S'- Chile / Las Mellizas / 27-ii-2010 / Leg.: A. Fierro / / [EMEC]; S'- Chile / Las Mellizas / 27-

ii-2010 /Leg.: A. Fierro // [MNNC]; c?: Chile Cautin /P. N. Los Paraguas 17-8-1991 / Col. J. Mondaca

E. / /Ex Coleccion Valencia/ 003033. (39°87’S 73°39'W) (same as National Park Conguillio SS^O’OO” S

71°39 , 00” W) [JEB]; §: (Arauco) 750 m / 1, 19-Enero-54 / Coll. L. E. Pena/ / Ex Coleccion Valencia

005010 (37°46’ S 73°20’ W) [MNNC]; $: Aysen / Coyhaique 7. / Km w 21-1-68 / / Hemicrepidius

amoenus (Phil.) / Valencia Det 1976. Ex Col Valencia / JVCC / CHILE 003033 (43°46’ S 72°04’ W)

[JEB]; $: Valdivia / Fdo Caupolican / 22-X-1965 / / HOMOTIPO / Ex Col Valencia / JVCC / CHILE

005180 (39.87 °S 73.39 °W) [JEB]; ?: Nahuelbuta Arauco Chile//Coleccion J. E. Barriga. (37°48.34E S

/ 73°02.112' W) [JEB],

CH1UZ VAlZ>/V//\

coir-P.PWUW

foj

L+ J

Ne>ntz tet iolios

cx*rto?>?t/$ CPfo/)

J. Valencia Det. 19 72>

CHILE

Tipo

M. N.

H0L0T1P0 h. N.

N°

2213

Fig. 1 . Holotype of Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) comb, nov., $, adult (MNNC). A. Dorsal view.

B. Lateral view. Body length: 14.47 mm Photo by Cristian Becker (MNNC).

European Journal of Taxonomy 142 : 1-15 ( 2015 )

Fig. 2. Adult of Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) comb,

nov., S- Valdivia. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 3. Adult of Hemicrepidius memnonius Herbst, 1806 [=Asaphes thomasi Germar, 1839, holotype,

approximate body length =18 mm ] Photo by Helena Maratheftis (BMNH).

ARIAS-BOHART E.T. & ELGUETAM., Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) gen. nov.

Fig. 4. SEM photographs of head, frontal view. A. Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) comb. nov. B. Hemi-

crepidius memnonius Herbst, 1806. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Comparative material of Hemicrepidius

S'. Asaphes thomasi Germar, 1839. Holotype studied from photograph material from BMNH in Fig. 3.

S'. Kaweah Power House Reservoir #3 Calif. / Tulare County / Vi.21.1977/ / E. A. Kane Collector/ /

Hemicrepidius dilaticollis (Most) M.W. Stone [CDFA]; S'- Kaweah Power House Reservoir #3 Calif. /

Tulare County / VI. 14.1973/ / E. A. Kane Collector / / [CDFA], as Hemicrepidius dilaticollis no label

present; $: N. Y./ / Hemicrepidius dilaticollis [ETA]; $: Pine Ridge / Sharon Co / S. Dak; [EMEC]; S'-

Quincy, 4mi W plums Co., / Calif. Vi-24-49 / / Hemicrepidius dilaticollis / det M.W. Stone H.U. Hunt

/ Collector; $: Buffalo N-Y/7-10-69 / E.P.V. Coll E. P. Van Duzen [EMEC]; $: Fort Lee /New Jersey /

W.S. Cook / Collector Hmemnonius [ETA]; S'- Putnam Park/18 J 1.39 ct / Almelander/ / H memnonius

(Hbst)/Det. Marshall W. stone Collection [CAS].

Comparative material from Australia

Parasaphes sp. #446. S'- Australia: Vic.: Mt Donna Buang / 1200 mt ll-17i80/Eucalyptus-Nothofagus

forests A. Newton & M. Thayer / / ANIC Specimen / / [ANIC]; $: 37.43 S 145.42 E VIC / / Cement

Fig. 5. SEM photographs of mesoventral cavity. A. Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) comb. nov. B. Hemi¬

crepidius memnonius Herbst, 1806. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 142: 1-15 (2015)

Fig. 6. Hypomeron. A. Sharon

amoenus (Philippi, 1861)

comb. nov. B. Hemicrepidius

memnonius Herbst, 1806.

Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 7. Wing. A. Sharon

amoenus (Philippi, 1861)

comb. nov. B. Hemicrepidius

memnonius Herbst, 1806.

Scale bars = 1 mm.

ARIAS-BOHART E.T. & ELGUETAM., Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) gen. nov

Fig. 8. Female genitalia. A. Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) comb. nov. B. Hemicrepidius memnonius

Herbst, 1806. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

European Journal of Taxonomy 142: 1-15 (2015)

Fig. 9. Mandible of Sharon amoenus (Philippi,

1861) comb. nov. Scale bar = 0.5 mm

Creek, 670m / N. of Warburton / 812 26 Jan.-ll Feb. 1997 / A. Newton & M. Thayer/ / Euc. regnans-

Noth.cunn/pyrethrin fogging / old fungus logs [ANIC]. [ETA]

Parablax sp. S'- 43.07 S 146.47 E / Edwards rd. TAS. Hartz Mtns. 4 Feb. 1983. I.D. Naumann / J.C.

Cardalle Coll. [ANIC] [ETA],

Parablax ooliekirra Calder, 1986. S'- A.H. Elston Collection/ / Tasmania/Australian Museum K436880

/ / Calder. Det A. Calder 1980 / / Parablax ooliekirra Det A. Calder 1980 / / [NMV],

Parablax moorda Calder, 1986. S'- National Park / / NSV / A. Museum 16.x. 1921. National Museum

K436878 / / Parablax ooliekirra. Det A. Calder 1980 / / Parasaphes elegans ? / Candz. [NMV],

Fig. 10. Tarsomere 3 of Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) comb. nov. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

ARIAS-BOHART E.T. & ELGUETAM., Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) gen. nov.

Tasmanelaterpelionensis Calder, 1996. S'- 880mt 30Nov-8Jan./1991 E Nielsen / E. Edwards malaise#3

/ closed forest/ / Tasmanelater pelionensis / Det A Calder 1996/ / ANIC database No / 25-029504 [ETA];

S'- Paratype 42.52S 146.03E TAS / 2km NE by Mt Ossa / 29 Nov 1990 / T. Weir in Swarm on ground

1000/ / Paratype/ / Tasmanelater pelionensis Det A Calder 1996 [BMNH],

Wynarka silvestre Calder, 1986. S'- Blue Mts N.s. Wales g.E. Bryant 27 Xii 08. Wynarka silvestre Det.

A. Calder 1980 [BMNH]; S'- Mt. Disappointment, Vic sweeping grass / / 27 oct 1974 / / A. A. Calder

Wynarka silvestre Det. A. Calder 1980 / / Paratype 20305 / / Mus. Vic. / Ento 2015-21 [NMV]; $:

Unreadable / / Female genitalia in a vial / / A. A. Calder 1976 / / Wynarka silvestre Det. A. Calder 1980

/ / Paratype 20305 / / Mus. Vic. / Ento 2015-21 [NMV],

Redescription

Female (holotype)

Total body length 14.47 mm, pronotal width 3.12 mm, elytral width 3.15 mm (Fig. 1A-B).

Head yellow, with a brown stripe medially; short, semi-erect, gold vestiture; surface finely punctate;

antenna not reaching base of posterior angles, same color as head, all antennomeres clothed with erect

short hairs; ante nn omere 2 and antennomere 3 smaller than antennomere 4, antennomere 2 about 0.45

times as long as antennomere 4, antennomere 3 about 0.39 as long as antennomere 4; mandibles brown,

with at least 3 long setae (Fig. 9).

Prothorax sides slightly sinuate, narrowing towards head; yellow, with a brown stripe longitudinally,

wider near base, with semi-decumbent, curved, gold hairs; punctate, fine punctures separated by more

than one own diameter, prostemal spine about 0.25 times as long as diameter of procoxal cavity;

hypomeron light yellow, finely punctate.

Scutellum dark brown. Elytra with striae impressed, strongly striate-punctate; most of elytral surface

yellow, including humeri; a long lateral brown stripe, narrowing towards elytral apices; abdomen dark

brown, finely punctate, with decumbent gold, hairs; legs brown, vestiture black; tarsomeres with lamellae

of a lighter color, lamellae 3M with strong set of short hairs distally.

Legs brown, vestiture black; tarsomeres 2-3 with heart-shaped lamellae, medially lighter than the rest

of the tarsomere; tarsomere 4 about 0.5 times length tarsomere third (Fig. 10).

Male

Total body length 11.25-12.76 mm, pronotal width 1.75-2.23 mm, elytral width 2.37-2.76.

Head dark brown; short, semi-decumbent goldish hairs; posterior angles, humeri and elytral apices

yellow; antennae same color as head, not reaching apex of posterior angles, all antennomeres clothed

with erect, short hairs; antennomere 2 and antennomere 3 smaller than antennomere 4, antennomere 2

about 0.41 times as long as antennomere 3, antennomere 3 about 0.32 times as long as antennomere 4;

mandibles same color as head.

Prothorax dark brown, semi-decumbent long, gold hairs; paralell-sided for almost all their lengths;

somewhat flat, punctate, punctures separated by less than one own diameter; prosternal spine about 1.15

times as long as diameter of procoxal cavity.

Scutellum black. Elytra black, with elytral humeri and apices yellow; with striae impressed, strongly

striate-punctate There is variation in the size of the yellow band yellow covering posterior angles, humeri

and elytral apices, might be smaller covering only apex of posterior angles, humeral border, small spot

European Journal of Taxonomy 142: 1-15 (2015)

Fig. 11. Male genitalia of Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) comb. nov. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

ARIAS-BOHART E.T. & ELGUETAM., Sharon amoenus (Philippi, 1861) gen. nov.

on elytral apices, or larger covering posterior angles and along the pronotal side, extending humeral area

as long as scutellar length and almost all elytral apices.

Legs dark brown, vestiture black; tarsomera similar to female.

Aedeagus about 1.25-1.37 mm long; apex of parameres globose, median lobe much longer than

parameres (Fig. 11).

Distribution

Southern Chile. Sharon amoenus comb. nov. is distributed from the Bio Bio region to the Aysen region

(provinces of Arauco, Malleco, Cautin, Valdivia and Coihaique), especially in humid areas of the coastal

range (from 37°46’ S to 39°55’ S) and in similar habitats of the Andean Cordillera (from 38°43’ S to

43°46’S).

Remarks

We believe that Philippi based his description of Asaphes amoenus on a unique specimen, which he

deposited at the MNNC, Chile.

Discussion

Sharon amoenus comb. nov. was previously placed in Asaphes and subsequently transferred by

Blackwelder (1944) to Hemicrepidius (type species H. memnonius (Herbst, 1806), Fig. 3). However,

S. amoenus comb. nov. does not share the generic characters of Hemicrepidius and we have therefore

erected Sharon gen. nov. to accomodate this species. Sharon gen. nov. differs from Hemicrepidius

by the following characters (contrasting characters for Hemicrepidius in parentheses): frontoclypeal

region advanced forward (frontoclypeal region flattened); antennomeres 2-3 about 0.6 times length of

antennomere 4 (antennomeres 2-3 similar in length to antennomere 4); prothorax elongate (Figs 1A, 2)

(prothorax subquadrate (Fig. 3)); prothorax basally without a notch (prothorax basally with a notch);

hypomeron basaly non excavate (Fig. 6A) (hypomeron basaly excavate (Fig. 6B)); prosternal suture

marginate (prosternal suture non marginate); sides of mesosternal cavity mostly parallel (Fig. 5A) (sides

of mesosternal cavity curved (Fig. 5B)); wing with a long narrow sclerotized plate reaching edge of

wing (Fig. 7A) (wing with an elongate irregular-shaped plate, not reaching edge of wing (Fig. 7B));

anterior section of bursa copulatrix elongate with sclerotized spinules (Fig. 8A) (anterior section of

bursa copulatrix globose with 2 sets of elongate, comb-shaped sclerotized structures (Fig. 8B)).

Sharon gen. nov. appears to be related to a group of Australian click beetles presently classified within

the subfamily Pityobiinae, that includes Par asaphes Candeze, Wynarka Calder, 1996 and Tasmanelater

Calder, 1996, suggesting Gondwanan relationships. Other members of Pytiobiinae from Australia that

might be related to Sharon gen. nov. are Parablax Schwarz, 1906 and Xuthelater Calder, 1996. Previously,

Calder (1986) placed Parablax and Wynarka within the subfamily Crepidomeninae. However, we

believe that Parasaphes , Wynarka and Tasmanelater are incorrectly placed within Pityobiinae since

they do not share tribal or subfamilial characters with its other included members: Pityobius LeConte,

1854, from North Am erica and Tibionema Solier, 1851, from Chile.

In a future publication we will discuss the relationships between Sharon gen. nov. from Chile and

Parasaphes , Wynarka , Tasmanelater and Parablax from Australia, which may be Gondwanan.

Acknowledgments

To the first author’s parents, Guillermo Arias Villegas and Carlota Tobar Vega, for their motivation

towards my systematics studies. Patrick Grootaert provided the first author with access to the type

European Journal of Taxonomy 142: 1-15 (2015)

material and space to conduct research at the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique and

Julien Cillis provided assistance with scanning micrographs. Stephane Boucher and Antoine Mantilleri

provided access to the type material and facilities at the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Adam

Slipinski provided material for SEM pertinent to this research. Cate Lenman provided loan material

critical for these studies. Max Barclay facilitated type photography and type material (BMNH). Photos

of holotypes were taken by Christian Becker (MNNC) and by Helena Maratheftis (BMNH). Sergio

Riese, Juan Enrique Barriga Tunon and Andres Fierro provided elaterid material. Rosser Garrison and

Alfred Newton made valuable suggestions and edited the manuscript. An anonymous reviewer made

valuable contributions. The National Science Foundation grant DEB 445413 to E.T. Arias & K.W. Will

and the Evert Schlinger Foundation provided support to E.A.’s research.

References

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Manuscript received: 9 April 2015

Manuscript accepted: 28 July 2015

Published on: 5 October 2015

Topic editor: Koen Martens

Desk editor: Kristiaan Hoedemakers

Printed versions of all papers are also deposited in the libraries of the institutes that are members of

the EJT consortium: Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; Botanic Garden Meise,

Belgium; Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium; Natural History Museum, London,

United Kingdom; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium; Natural History

Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, De nm ark