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I

GENUS LABORDIA

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE

BY

EARL EDWARD SHERFF

RESEARCH ASSOCIATE, SYSTEMATIC BOTANY

THE LIBRARY OF THE

i^">w.3Q1940

6F IlLiNOlS

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME XVII, NUMBER 6

SEPTEMBER 30, 1939

PUBLICATION 453

GENUS LABORDIA

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE

BY

EARL EDWARD SHERFF

RESEARCH ASSOCIATE, SYSTEMATIC BOTANY

J.H IS I

S COPY No. y / OF A SPECIAL

EDITION LIMITED TO i 08 COPIES

i^

PRINTED FOR DR. EARL E. SHERFF

ON

PERMANENT PAPER

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME XVII, NUMBER 6

SEPTEMBER 30, 1939

PUBLICATION 463

I

GENUS LABORDIA

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE

BY

EARL EDWARD SHERFF

RESEARCH ASSOCIATE, SYSTEMATIC BOTANY

THE LIBRARY OF THE

NHV 30 1940

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME XVII, NUMBER 6

SEPTEMBER 30, 1939

PUBLICATION 463

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS

PREFACE

Several years ago I was urged by Mr. Otto Degener, author of

the currently appearing Flora Hawaiiensis, and somewhat later by

Dr. Carl Skottsberg, Director of the Arboretum of Gothenburg, to

undertake a revisional study of the Hawaiian genus, Labordia, of

the family Loganiaceae. In due course of time such a study was

made. During its progress, facilities for research were afforded me

by the Field Museum of Natural History and it is a pleasure to

acknowledge here my indebtedness to the authorities of the Museum.

Various other institutions and certain private workers very

generously co-operated in the lending of plant materials, without

" which any attempt at revisional study of Labordia would have been

•». largely futile. More particularly must I express my indebtedness

and gratitude for such aid to the following individuals: Dr. Ludwig

r Diels, Director, Botanical Garden of Berlin; Dr. Peter Buck, Direc-

,/) tor, Mr. Edwin H. Bryan, Jr., Curator of Collections, and Dr.

<~ Harold St. John, Botanist, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum; Dr.

Karl McKay Wiegand, Professor of Botany, Cornell University;

Mr. Otto Degener, owner and custodian of the Degener Herbarium,

^ Honolulu; Dr. B. P. G. Hochreutiner, Director, Delessert Her-

^ barium; Dr. Carl Skottsberg, Director, Gothenburg Arboretum;

^ Dr. Merritt Lyndon Fernald, Director, and Mr. Charles A.

Weatherby, Senior Curator, Gray Herbarium of Harvard University;

Sir Arthur W. Hill, Director, Royal Botanical Gardens of Kew;

£)r. Carl Otto Rosendahl, Chairman of Department of Botany,

University of Minnesota; Dr. George Thomas Moore, Director,

and Dr. Jesse More Greenman, Curator of Herbarium, Missouri

''' Botanical Garden; Dr. Karl Keissler, Director, Department of

, Botany, Natural History Museum, Vienna; Dr. Henry Allan Gleason,

Head Curator and Assistant Director, New York Botanical Garden;

7 Dr. H. Humbert, Professor, Museum of Natural History, Paris;

r.": Dr. William R. Maxon, Curator, United States National Museum;

j and Dr. F. R. Fosberg, recently of the University of Pennsylvania.

As in the case of former revisional investigations, photographs

were taken of practically all available type specimens and of numer-

" ous cotype1 or otherwise important supplementary specimens. A

set of these is in my own collection and a duplicate set is in the

Herbarium of Field Museum of Natural History.

1 The term "cotype" is used throughout to connote a duplicate of the type

j^. (i.e., a paratype).

447

448 PREFACE

An attempt has been made to cite fully all exsiccatae examined.

It must be noted, however, that in the case of plants collected by

Mr. Degener and his associates, I have usually been permitted to

examine the entire set of undistributed duplicates for any one

collection number. So, too, for the collections of unmounted

materials lent by Bishop Museum, it has been possible to study in

numerous instances a representative set of undistributed duplicates.

It is probably needless to add that from a study of so much addi-

tional material, supplemented many times by privately cummuni-

cated field data from the collectors themselves, invaluable aid has

been received in the interpretation of various taxonomic entities

within the genus.

GENUS LABORDIA

EARL EDWARD SHERFF

HISTORY OF THE GENUS

The history of Labordia is simple, direct, and lacking in complica-

tions. The genus was founded by Gaudichaud in 1830 (Voy. Frey-

cinet Bot. 449). He based it upon a single species, his own Labordia

Fagraeoidea, the type of which he had found on the Island of Oahu in

1819. Gaudichaud spelled the generic name Labordia, although he

created the name in honor of Mr. Laborde, an officer-of -marine and

an unfortunate companion who had died at sea in the vicinity of the

Isle of France. Subsequently, Asa Gray (Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: 321.

1860) and William Hillebrand (Fl. Haw. Ms. 288. 1888) used the

spelling Labordea and this spelling gained limited acceptance in

literature and in herbaria. The original spelling Labordia must be

retained according to rules, however, and in fact has been accepted

by most of the abler authorities who have treated the genus (e.g.,

Alphonse De Candolle, Prodr. 9: 21. 1845; Bentham & Hooker,

Gen. PI. 2: 792. 1876; Hans Solereder in Engler & Prantl, Natiirl.

Pflanzenfam. ed. 1, 4" : 32. 1895; Joseph F. Rock, Indig. Trees Haw.

Ms. 401. 1913; Wolfgang Klett, Botan. Archiv 5: 323. 1924; Otto

Degener, Fl. Haw. fam. 302, Aug. 10. 1932; and Harold St. John,

Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus. 10: no. 4: 4. 1933).

In 1860, Asa Gray (loc. cit.) discussed at some length the relation-

ship of Labordia Gaud, to its sister genus, Geniostoma Forst. He

described three species, two of them intended as new: L. Tinifolia

A. Gray, L. Fagraeoidea Gaud., and L. sessilis A. Gray. L. Tinifolia

is retained in the present revisional monograph. L. Fagraeoidea, as

described by Gray, was based on specimens by the South Pacific

Exploring Expedition, from the Island of Hawaii, and becomes L.

Hedyosmifolia var. Grayana. L. sessilis becomes L. Fagraeoidea var.

sessilis. Gray attempted no complete treatment of Labordia, but in

a rather indefinite way advanced the new name Geniostomoides for

an implied generic section typified by his new L. Tinifolia. He

recorded the aestivation of the corolla in (our) L. Hedyosmifolia var.

Grayana: "the lobes of the corolla in aestivation decidedly, though

narrowly, overlap in a convolute manner, and are slightly twisted

towards the observer's left." So far as my observations on specimens

449

450 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

extend, Gray's description applies substantially to the entire genus.1

It may be noted here that at an earlier date Bentham had presumed

the aestivation of the corolla in Labordia to be valvate and the fruit

to be baccate (cf. Gray, loc. cit.), and that later Edouard Bureau

(Fam. Loganiac. 44, fig. 9, footnote 1. 1856; cf. Gray, loc. cit.), on

dissecting three flowers of L. Fagraeoidea, concluded Bentham's

presumption of valvate aestivation to be correct. The large collec-

tions of material more recently available show, however, that the

fruit is capsular and the aestivation is as Gray reported, or, to quote

Hillebrand (Fl. Haw. Isls. 288. 1888), that the corolla-lobes are

"sinistrorsely [cf. footnote 1] contorted in the bud, slightly over-

lapping."

Shortly after the publication of Gray's paper, Horace Mann

made a noteworthy contribution to our knowledge of the genus

(Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 196 [Enum. Haw. PI. nos. 383-387]. 1867).

He described three new species: L. pallida, L. hirtella, and L. mem-

branacea. All of these have proved valid. In addition, he discussed

L. Fagraeoidea Gaud., referring to that species Mann & Brigham 434,

a plant which, however, is seen to have been undescribed in Mann's

day and which must be referred to L. Hedyosmifolia var. centralis of

the present treatment. Mann erroneously synonymized Gray's

concept of L. Fagraeoidea with his own new L. pallida. As already

indicated, the material assumed by Gray to represent L. Fagraeoidea

Gaud, is L. Hedyosmifolia var. Gray ana as here treated.

In 1872, Heinrich Wawra wrote briefly upon Labordia, describing

as new several plants which he had collected in the Hawaiian Islands

from the end of December, 1869 to the first day of May, 1870. Of

these, L. waialealae is to be retained and might indeed be considered

as typifying a new section if it were not for the numerous transitional

forms which occur and definitely unite it with sect. Rabdolia. His

L. pallida f. alpina was later named by Hillebrand, L. Fagrae-

oidea var. pumila and more recently, and very properly, it has been

raised by Skottsberg to specific rank (L. pumila). A species described

by him from Oahu, L. waiolanii, reduces to L. molokaiana var.

phyllocalyx of my text. We may note here that two of Wawra's

1 As has been remarked elsewhere, however, Gray's method of determining

the direction of twisting for the corolla-lobes, while used by various other botanists,

was such as to give a direction exactly opposite to that obtained by following the

method used by the majority of botanists (cf. B. Daydon Jackson, Glossary Bot.

Terms, ed. 3, 423, append. C. 1916). The lobes do, as Gray said, appear twisted

to the observer's left, i.e. sinistrorse, if the corolla be held erect and viewed perpen-

dicularly to its lengthwise axis and from the outside. This means, of course, that

when viewed from above the corolla, the twisting is clockwise and is thus what

may more properly be designated as dextrorse.

GENUS LABORDIA 451

specimens, his nos. 2,200 and 2,2006, were misdetermined by him

asL.Fagraeoidea Gaud., although they were in reality an undescribed

species. They will be found in this text as L. Wawrana.

In 1880, Henri Baillon, writing "sur la tribu des Labordiees"

(Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 238) discussed various species with special

reference to sexuality of flowers and diversity among inflorescences.

He concluded that Labordia must be merged with Geniostoma. He

proposed two sections to include certain species of Geniostoma (in its

contemplated broader sense), namely Rabdolia and Darbolia. He set

forth five new species, besides discussing certain previously known

ones. His paper was written in some respects very carelessly and

lacked definiteness in treatment. His five new species were: Labordia

Echitis, Geniostoma Cyrtandrae, G. Remyana, L. Hedyosmifolia,

and L. molokaiana. It should be observed that while he had con-

cluded Labordia to be reducible to Geniostoma, he continued to

employ the name Labordia for certain of his binomials. He placed

the first two of these five species in the section Rabdolia. The remain-

ing three he seems not to have assigned to any section. He did,

however, cite L. Tinifolia A. Gray as a basis for his second section,

Darbolia (which will be recognized as equivalent to the earlier but

less definitely established Geniostomoides A. Gray). In my own

monographic study of Labordia, it has seemed wise to adopt both of

the sections proposed by Baillon for Geniostoma, transferring them

of course to the genus Labordia.

Skottsberg (Meddel. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 156. 1936;

see also p. 498 of the present text) regarded Baillon's five proposed

names as representing "little more than nomina nuda." With the

exception of L. Echitis, however, they were substantiated with suffi-

cient descriptive matter to compel their recognition. G. Remyana is

found to be synonymous with L. Hedyosmifolia var. Grayana, thus

reducing Baillon's species to three that are valid. Of these three, G.

Cyrtandrae was set forth later by Skottsberg (loc. cit.) as Labordia

Cyrtandrae (although perhaps unwittingly). We have, then, three

species of Labordia proposed by Baillon and here retained : L. Cyr-

tandrae, L. Hedyosmifolia, and L. molokaiana.

Following Baillon, but evidently with no knowledge of Baillon's

work on Labordia, came William Hillebrand. In his Flora of the

Hawaiian Islands (pp. 288-293. 1888) he presented the first compre-

hensive and systematic treatment of the genus. During his twenty

years of residence and active botanical investigation in the Hawaiian

Islands, Hillebrand had acquired a vast fund of information touching

452 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Labordia. Much of this is revealed in his text. For the section Geni-

ostomoides A. Gray, he employed the slightly different name, Geni-

ostomoideae. For the rest of the genus he used the sectional desig-

nation Labordeae verae. In the Geniostomoideae (our Darbolia) he

described the valid L. triflora and two unnamed varieties of L.

Tinifolia (var. /3=L. Tinifolia var. parvifolia; var. 7 — as to first

cited locality of Kauai=L. Helleri and var. macrocarpa). In the

Labordeae verae (our Rabdolia) he described a number of new species

and varieties, which are disposed of in my text as follows: L. lopho-

carpa=L. molokaiana var. lophocarpa; L. lophocarpa var. pluriflora=L.

molokaiana; L. lophocarpa var. phyUocalyx=L. molokaiana var. phytto-

calyx; L. Grayana=L. Hedyosmifolia var. Grayana; L. glabra, retained;

L. hirtetta vars. microphylla and microcalyx, retained.

Early in the present century, Joseph F. Rock collected Labordia

extensively and tentatively created a number of new herbarium

names which he later failed to publish. In his Indigenous Trees

of the Hawaiian Islands (403-406, plates 164 and 165. 1913), he

declared his intention of comparing "his specimens with the types

in the various Herbaria of Europe." Notes on certain herbarium

sheets in Berlin and elsewhere show that he made at least some

comparisons, but his attention was later diverted to other matters

and he never concluded a revisional study of the genus.

Almost contemporaneous with Rock's work was that of Charles

N. Forbes. Hundreds of specimens of Labordia were collected and

determined by him. HisL. kaalae (Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus. 6: 174

and plate. 1916) andL.Lydgatei (op. cit. 176 and plate) were described

from material collected or studied by him and have proved thoroughly

valid. He left various notations upon the labels or the sheets to his

specimens and these in many cases have been of value. Unfortu-

nately, Forbes' untimely death, in 1920, terminated his labors upon

Labordia and other Hawaiian genera.

In 1924, Wolfgang Klett (Botan. Archiv 5: 312) published his

"Umfang und Inhalt der Familie der Loganiaceen." He presented a

key to the thirty-three genera of Loganiaceae recognized by him, also

descriptions of and critical notes upon each genus. In Labordia,

which he retained as separate fromGeniostoma, he gave the number of

species as eighteen, although which ones these were he did not state.

Beginning at about the same time that Rock and Forbes and

Klett did their work, numerous additional specimens of Labordia

have been collected, notably by George C. Munro, by Otto Degener

and his associates, by Carl Skottsberg, by Harold St. John, by

GENUS LABORDIA 453

Francis Raymond Fosberg, and by Edward Yataro Hosaka. Of

these specimens, certain ones were described by Degener (Fl. Haw.

fam. 302, August 10, 1932) and by St. John (Occas. Paps. Bish.

Mus. 10: no. 4: 4. 1933) under the nameL. hypoleuca Deg., a name

which, however, reduces to synonymy with L. Cyrtandrae. More

recently, Skottsberg (Meddel. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 153-164.

1936) has published a detailed study of Labordia. He described L.

Grayana var. centralis, which is our L. Hedyosmifolia var. centralis,

and, apparently with justice, elevated L. Fagraeoidea var. pumila

Hillebr. to specific rank, our L. pumila.

Skottsberg's work is important, however, more particularly for

its critical discussions. He reviews the history of Labordia regarding

sexual dimorphism of the flowers. He refers to the previously used

descriptive terms, polygamous-dioecious and hermaphrodite, only to

discard them, almost for a certainty, in favor of a truly dioecious

habit. To quote his own words: "In the specimens of the five species

of Labordia examined by me I have not come across a single case of

true hermaphroditism and I never found more than one kind of

flowers, either staminate or pistillate, on the same branch. From

this I conclude that at least these five species have unisexual and

probably dioecious flowers." (It may be added here, incidentally,

that throughout my own studies of Labordia, I have seen no certain

evidence of any other than a dioecious habit. Very recently, how-

ever, Dr. Skottsberg has sent me a specimen of L. Hedyosmifolia

Baill. — Cranwell, Selling, & Skottsberg 31666 — with the notation,

"all flowers bisexual except one staminate.") Skottsberg presents

many small, carefully delineated sketches of floral organs observed

in the several species studied and the reader is referred to these for

a deeper insight into the processes of anthesis and fructification in

Labordia. Skottsberg's description of the situation preliminary to

anthesis in staminate flowers likewise should receive attention:

"Before the staminate flowers open, the anthers, which surround the

pistil tightly, have deposited their pollen on the closed stigma which

is densely covered with long porrect papillae and may act like a

brush sweeping out the pollen. I have found pollen thick on the

stigma above the tips of the anthers."

Following closely upon Skottsberg's paper was that by St. John

(A Revision of the Hawaiian Species of Labordia Described by H.

Baillon: Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus. 12: no. 8: 1-11, pis. 1-4. 1936).

St. John, during his stay in Paris in 1936, had "investigated the

types of the Hawaiian species of Labordia described by H. Baillon."

454 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

He presents a critical discussion which, though short, is of classic

importance to our correct understanding of the genus. He agrees

with Solereder in Engler and Prantl (Natiirl. Pflanzenfam. 4n : 30-31.

1895) in maintaining Labordia as a separate genus apart from Genio-

stoma and writes that they both "seem to have sufficient morpho-

logical characters. Geniostoma occurs from Madagascar to Fiji, and

has the inflorescence from the lower leafy axils and the corolla-tube

short rotate. Labordia occurs only in the Hawaiian Islands, and has

the flowers terminal, single or in sessile or peduncled cymes, and the

corolla- tube well developed, cylindric." He attempts no maintenance

of subgeneric sections, having earlier committed himself (op. cit. 10:

no. 4: 5. 1933), for what seems to me an ill considered and insufficient

reason, in favor of abolishing sections within Labordia. He sets forth

and pictures the type of Geniostoma Cyrtandrae Baill. with the pro-

fessedly new combination Labordia Cyrtandrae (Baill.) St. John, but

in an earlier paper known to and cited by him, though manifestly

overlooked by him in this connection, Skottsberg (Meddel. Gote-

borgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 156. 1936) had already published this com-

bination (though, as previously stated on page 451, perhaps unwit-

tingly, since he incorrectly attributed the combination to Baillon

himself). St. John then proceeds to Labordia Hedyosmifolia Baill.

and L. molokaiana Baill., both of which he illustrates from photo-

graphs of the respective types and discusses briefly. To varietal

rank under the former he very properly transfers L. Grayana var.

centralis Skottsb. He places Geniostoma Remyana Baill. and L. Gray-

ana Hillebr. as synonyms under L. Hedyosmifolia, but it should be

observed here that these are better treated as var. Grayana, and this

is accordingly done in my text. Labordia Echitis Baill. is recognized

as a nomen nudum, but its type is illustrated with a plate fully

described, and renamed L. Baillonii St. John.

A brief view in retrospect of the literature on Labordia shows

some doubt to have obtained as to the validity of Labordia apart

from Geniostoma. Thus Asa Gray (Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: 322. 1860),

in establishing his newL. Tinifolia, wrote: "So we must annex this

ambiguous species to Labordia, unless we merge the latter genus in

Geniostoma, which at present would hardly be warranted." Bentham

and Hooker (Gen. PL 792. 1876) took a strong stand in favor of

retaining Labordia separately. Thus they wrote: Generis affinitatem

maximam cum Geniostomate rite indicavit A. Gray, sed abunde

distinguitur habitu, inflorescentia, calyce, corollae lobis angustis,

et stigmate in laminas longas diviso. Hunc characterem in floribus

GENUS LABORDIA 455

in alabastro examinatis facile praetermissum, in speciebus duabus

observavimus." However, Bentham and Hooker confessed doubt

as to the affinity of L. Tinifolia, preferring to place it with Genio-

stoma: "Labordia tinifolia, A. Gray, I.e., corollae tubo pariter elon-

gato characteres caeteros calycis styli etc. potius Geniostomatis quam

Labordiae praebet, excepta inflorescentia quae terminalis peduncu-

lata et laxe trichotoma cum neutro genere convenit." Hillebrand

(Fl. Haw. Isls. 292. 1888) and all writers since his day known to me

have, none the less, kept L. Tinifolia with Labordia. The discovery,

since Bentham and Hooker's time, of several additional species

which were clearly congeners of L. Tinifolia and which displayed a

greater range of variation and overlapping with the orthodox La-

bordia species than noticeable in L. Tinifolia, confirms the wisdom of

such a course. Indeed, St. John (Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus. 10: no. 4:

5. 1933) felt the transitions between orthodox Labordia, as repre-

sented by L. Cyrtandrae (L. hypoleuca Deg.) and L. Tinifolia to be

such as to justify abolishing, as already stated (p. 454), sections within

Labordia; that is, of retaining L. Tinifolia and its closer congeners as

species of Labordia without sectional distinction from the other

species. My own work convinces me that Labordia is a valid genus,

and thatL. Tinifolia and its closer allies belong to Labordia, although

preferably as a distinct section. The two section names used by

Baillon (Rabdolia and Darbolia) are withdrawn from Geniostoma,

where they were placed by him, and used here under Labordia (vide

pp. 456 et 457).

Genus LABORDIA Gaud.: Description

Gaudichaud, Voy. Freycinet Bot. 449. 1830.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, entire or obscurely

dentulate, obliquely pinnate-nerved, mostly petiolate; petioles in

most species (Labordiae verae Hillebr.) basally more or less adnate

to dorsal surface of axillary, sheathing, laterally somewhat or scarcely

connate stipules. Inflorescence a terminal cyme (this simple or

compound, corymbiform or paniculate or less often subumbellate)

or in some cases reduced to a single flower; peduncle subtended by a

pair of bracts, pedicels with small linear bractlets at about their

middle. Flowers more or less dioecious, but seemingly dimorphic

ordinarily only as to anthers and pistils.1 Calyx persistent; sepals

usually 5, more often connate, quincuncially imbricate in the bud,

basally glandular on inner face, usually unequal in length and the

1 As to an apparent exception, see under Labordia Tinifolia par. y leptantha,

p. 534.

456 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

outer ones commonly broadest. Corolla subcoriaceous, yellow or

greenish; tube cylindrical; the usually 5 lobes narrow, acute, erect

or spreading. Anthers 5, subsessile at sinuses of corolla-lobes,

partly exserted, linear-oblong, acute, affixed dorsally at their middle

or near their base, 2-celled; in pistillate flowers shorter, more slender,

and apparently always sterile. Pistil (represented in staminate

flowers by the pistillode) commonly surpassed by corolla-tube, its

three parts usually well differentiated; ovary ovoid, incompletely

2-3-celled, the numerous ovules anatropous or nearly amphitropous

and on thick, apparently axial placentas; style short and thick to

long and slender, straight or rarely bent or twisted; stigmas 2 or 3,

erect, complanate or trigonous, commonly more or less coalesced into

a short, frequently truncate, 2-3-lamellate, cephaloid body. Pis-

tillode more slender and elongate than the corresponding pistil, its

style often equaling or exceeding the corolla-tube, the stigmas more

often connate or completely fused and appearing collectively more or

less elongate-clavate. Fruit a capsule with thick exocarp, dehiscent

from apex downward or from base upward or both ways, the ligneous

or pergameneous valves, with part of the introverted dissepiments,

breaking away from the finally free and pulpy placentas. Seeds

small (±2-3 mm. long), ovoid, smooth, imbedded in an orange-

colored or greenish pulp. Embryo straight-cylindrical, nearly as

long as the fleshy albumen, the radicle little longer than the coty-

ledons and nearly as broad.1

CONSPECTUS OF SECTIONS

Labordia sect. Rabdolia (Baill.) comb, nov.; Geniostoma sect.

Rdbdolia Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 239. 1880; Labordia sect.

Labordeae verae Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 288. 1888.

Innovations from the uppermost axils below the inflorescence,

therefore the branches dichotomous, enclosing between them the

old fruits. Branchlets mostly subangular to angular or even alate,

the leaves crowded near their ends. Stipules intrapetiolar, usually

2-5 mm. tall, more or less auriculiform and dorsally adnate to the

petiolar base, laterally somewhat connate. Flowers solitary or more

often cymosely disposed; cyme variously subumbellate to shortened-

corymbiform or very rarely paniculate, but usually sessile or nearly

so (pedunculate in L. pedunculata). Calyx divided almost or com-

monly all way to base into lobes or sepals, these unequal, the outer

ones in some species and varieties more or less foliaceous. Corolla

orange-colored or yellow or rarely (L. Cyrtandrae) pale greenish-

1 Description modified from that by Hillebrand, Fl. Haw. Isls. 288. 1888.

GENUS LABORDIA 457

yellow, the apices of its long-acuminate lobes patent or more rarely

appressed in the bud; mature pistil entire at top or but slightly cleft.

Capsule 2- or 3-valved, the valves woody. Nos. 1-18.

Labordia sect. Darbolia (Baill.) comb, nov.; Geniostoma sect.

Darbolia Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 239. 1880; Labordia sect.

Geniostomoides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: 322. 1860; Labordia

sect. Geniostomoideae Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 289. 1888.

Innovations not confined to uppermost axils. Branchlets terete

or rarely angular especially toward apex, pale, with leaves distant.

Stipules low-annular, rather interpetiolar, not forming a rising

auricle inside the petiole. Cyme pedunculate, simple or paniculate.

Calyx small, 5-fid with equal or subequal narrow lobes. Corolla

slender, hypocrateriform, greenish, its lobes closed to the apex in the

bud; mature pistil entire at top or but slightly cleft. Capsule mostly

2-valved, valves pergameneous. Nos. 19-23.

CONSPECTUS OF SPECIES, VARIETIES, AND FORMS

PAGE

1. Labordia molokaiana 464

var. p lophocarpa 466

var. 7 Munroi 467

var. S phyllocalyx 468

var. e congesta 470

var. f setosa 470

var. ij Bryanii 471

2. Labordia Fagraeoidea 472

var. /3 Humei 474

f. 1. paniculata 476

var. 7 conferta 476

var. Sjugorum 477

var. e sessilis 478

f. 1. glabrescens 481

var. f waianaeana 482

var. T; Saint- Johniana 483

var. 6 longisepala 483

var. L septentrionalis 484

var. K Hillebrandii 484

f. 1. subcalva 485

var. X simulans 486

3. Labordia pallida 486

var. /3 hispidula 488

458 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

4. Labordia pedunculata 488

5. Labordia pumila 489

6. Labordia Hedyosmifolia 491

var. /3 centralis 494

var. 7 Rockii 496

var. 8 robusta 496

var. e Grayana 497

var. f Skottsbergii 498

var. TJ kilaueana 499

var. 6 magnifolia 499

var. i Hosakana 500

7. Labordia venosa 502

8. Labordia Wawrana 503

9. Labordia mauiensis 504

10. Labordia glabra 504

var. /3 orientalis 505

var. 7 latisepala 506

11. Labordia Cyrtandrae 506

var. j3 nahikuana 509

12. Labordia Baillonii 510

13. Labordia membranacea 511

var. |3 exigua 512

14. Labordia Degeneri 513

var. |8 subcarinata 514

15. Labordia olympiana 515

16. Labordia hirtella 516

var. j8 microphylla 518

var. 7 sororia 519

var. 5 microcalyx 519

var. e haleakalana 520

var. f hispidior 521

var. TJ laevis 521

var. 6 imbricata 521

var. i laevisepala 522

17. Labordia waialealae 522

18. Labordia Lydgatei 525

19. Labordia Helleri 526

var. j3 macrocarpa 526

20. Labordia triflora 528

21. Labordia Tinifolia 529

var. j8 parvifolia 532

GENUS LABORDIA 459

var. 7 leptantha 533

var. 6 waialuana 534

var. c lanaiensis 535

var. f Euphorbioidea 536

var. rjForbesii 536

var. 6 microgyna 537

var. i tenuifolia 537

var. K honolulensis 538

22. Labordia kaalae 538

var. /3 Fosbergii 539

var. 7 brachypoda 540

var. 5 mendax 541

var. c kauaiensis 541

23. Labordia decurrens 542

KEY

a. Leaf-blades appressedly hispidulous beneath with dark-rufous

setulae.

6. Capsular valves distinctly carinate toward apex even in young

capsule 13. L. membranacea and var. /3 exigua.

b. Capsular valves ecarinate 15. L. olympiana.

a. Leaf-blades otherwise.

b. Leaf-veins all or all but the largest completely covered on salient

lower surface with densely matted, short, sharp, arcuate setulae,

these concealing the veins to a lens; inflorescence sessile, com-

pact, 10-30-flowered; plant native of northeastern East

Maui 7.L. venosa.

b. Leaf- veins glabrous beneath or more loosely and openly setulose.

c. Capsular valves 2 (about 12-13 mm. long), longitudinally and

reticulately veined on outer surface; inflorescence paniculate-

cymose, ±25-flowered; calyx glabrous, about 2 mm. tall,

lobes ovate-cordate, at margin conspicuously straw-yellow,

at base more or less auriculate; plants native of Kauai.

18. L. Helleri and var. /3 macrocarpa.

c. Capsular valves not reticulately or longitudinally veined on

outer surface.

d. Capsule globose, smooth, ecarinate, 2-valved, only about

4 mm. thick; cyme open, delicate, 6-21-flowered, its

branches capillary; calyx glabrous, about 2 mm. tall;

plant native of southernmost Kauai 19. L. Lydgatei.

460 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

d. Capsule much exceeding 4 mm. in thickness.

e. Branchlets angular with leaves crowded near their ends

innovations from the uppermost axils below the in-

florescence, the branches thus dichotomous; stipules

intrapetiolar (forming an erect auricle inside th<

petiole); calyx divided to the base into unequal lobes

or sepals, the outer ones often foliaceous; corolla yel-

low, the apices of its long-acuminate lobes patent

in the bud; capsular valves woody.

/. Principal leaves large, their blade usually 1-2 dm. long

g. Branchlets mostly sterile or at most with abortive

flowers and manifestly teratological.

2. L. Fagraeoidea var. e sessilis

g. Branchlets normally floriferous.

h. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. wide, grad-

ually narrowed into a margined petiole (this

commonly under 1 cm. long), ±20 principal

lateral veins to each side; corolla externally

white-hispid; plant native of Kauai.

8. L. Wawrana.

h. Leaves obovate-oblong, 3-6 cm. wide, attenuate

at both ends, petiole slender and 1-2.5 cm.

long, 7-10 principal lateral veins to each side;

plant native of Kauai.

3. L. pallida var. 0 hispidula.

h. Leaves broadly and at times somewhat obovately

elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 2-14.5 cm. wide,

moderately or broadly cuneate at base (petiole

1-5 cm. long), principal lateral veins 7-13 to

each side; corolla externally glabrous or slightly

pilosulous; plants natives of Oahu and north-

easternmost East Maui.

11. L. Cyrtandrae and var. /8 nahikuana.

f. Principal leaves smaller, their blade usually less than

1 dm. long.

g. Calyx-lobes usually 0.3-0.6 the length of the corolla-

tube; capsular valves ecarinate.

h. Inflorescence sessile or nearly so.

16. L. hirtella and vars.

h. Inflorescence pedunculate with a peduncle ±2 cm.

long 4. L. pedunculate.

GENUS LABORDIA 461

g. Calyx-lobes at least as long as the corolla-tube.

h. Flowers single, rarely three.1

i. Corotta enclosed entirely within the foliaceous

calyx-lobes or sepals; capsular valves carinate.

1. L. molokaiana and vars.

i. Corolla proportionately larger, its tube alone

equaling the lanceolate calyx-lobes.

10. L. glabra and vars.

h. Flowers several or many.

i. Pistil lacking a style; leaves very glabrous, the

lower surface (at least when dry) pale and

glaucescent and beautifully arcuate-penni-

nervate with much darker nerves; capsule

ovoid-trigonous, 12-13 mm. long; plant native

of northwestern Kauai 5. L. pumila.

i. Pistil with a manifest style.

j. Capsule 2-3 cm. long, 2-valved, compressed or

obcompressed, valves medianly more or

less carinate (unless toward base) but not

cristate; plants native of western Kauai.

14. L. Degeneri and var. /3 subcarinata.

j. Capsule smaller.

k. Leaf-blades usually 1-2.5 cm. long and

with 3 or 4 principal lateral nerves to

each side, marginally more or less revo-

lute, with nerves often salient beneath;

occasionally (especially on sterile shoots)

even 5-7 cm. long and 3-4 cm. wide,

more numerously nerved, but still often

revolute; plant native of northwestern

Kauai and possibly southeastern Molo-

kai 17. L. waialeale.

k. Leaf-blades otherwise.

1 As Hillebrand very properly observes, "It often happens that of several

flowers only one arrives at maturity; therefore it is not safe to infer from the

presence of a single capsule the character of the inflorescence." (Fl. Haw. Isls.

289, footnote. 1888.)

Moreover, it may be remarked that certain species of the next group (e.g., L.

Fagrafoided) have at times branchlets terminated with only 1 or 2 flowers and so

might seem to belong here.

462 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

L Pistillode slenderly clavate, its elongate-

obconic stigma gradually passing into

and scarcely distinguishable from the

style.

m. Leaf-blade 6-11 cm. long and 2-3.5

cm. wide; plant native of Kauai.

3. L. pallida.

m. Leaf-blade 3-6.5 cm. long and 8-15

mm. wide; plant native of north-

eastern East Maui . 9. L. mauiensis.

L Pistillode more or less clavate but its

stigma not obconic and not distin-

guishable with difficulty from the style.

m. Calyx-lobes or some of them usually

reaching or exceeding lowest sinuses

between corolla-lobes, i. e., equal-

ing the corolla-tube.

n. Flowers usually in subumbellate

cymes; leaves pale beneath or

even on both surfaces; capsule

usually globose-ovoid; plants na-

tives of Oahu.

o. Leaf-blades short-ovate to obo-

vate, conspicuously salient-

nerved beneath, often revolute;

sepals elongate, linear-oblong

or linear-subulate, frequently

ciliate 6. L. Hedyosmifolia

var. 6 Hosakana.

o. Leaf-blades commonly somewhat

narrower, the nerves scarcely

or not at all salient beneath,

margins rarely revolute; sepals

often broader.

2. L. Fagraeoidea and vars.

n. Flowers usually in large, open, com-

pound, corymbiform cyme (but

in certain varieties and forms

closely aggregated); leaves not

pale beneath (unless on plants

GENUS LABORDIA 463

from Island of Hawaii); capsule

conic-ovoid.

6. L. Hedyosmifolia and vars.

m. Calyx-lobes usually shorter than corolla-

tube; leaf -blades firm-chartaceous,

elliptic-ovate, mostly 7-10.5 cm.

long and 3.2-5.8 cm. wide; plant

native of Hawaii . . 12. L. Baillonii.

e. Branchlets terete, pallid, with leaves distant; stipules

low-annular, interpetiolar; calyx minute, 5-fid with

equal lobes; corolla greenish, slender, salver-shaped,

its lobes closed to the apex in the bud; capsular valves

pergameneous.

/. Leaves (at least principal ones) basally subtruncate

to cordate.

gr. Branchlets (including those of inflorescence) and lower

leaf-surfaces tomentulose or hispidulous; plant

native of Oahu 22. L. kaalae.

g. Branchlets (including those of inflorescence) gla-

brous or glabrate or at most papillate.

h. Leaves terminally narrowed and acuminate; cyme

3-flowered; plant native of southeasternmost

Molokai 20. L. triflora.

h. Leaves terminally broad or almost subrotund, at

apex itself abruptly subacute; cymes mostly

5-many-flowered; plants natives of Oahu.

22. L. kaalae vars.

/. Leaves basally contracted.

g. Blades of principal leaves mostly 1-1.8 dm. long,

gradually narrowed below middle to the more or

less decurrent base, very membranaceous; median

vein flat and about 1.5 mm. wide; petiole flat or

toward base conduplicate, 1-2.5 cm. long; plant

native of Oahu 23. L. decurrens.

g. Blades of principal leaves mostly under 1 dm. long;

usually not or at least less gradually narrowed

below middle, not or but slightly decurrent on

petiole; median vein inconspicuous or rounded-

salient but under 1 mm. wide; petiole thickish and

more terete 21. L. Tinifolia and vars.

464 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR HERBARIA CITED

Berl. Herb. Berlin Botanical Garden, Berlin-Dahlem.

Bish. Herb. Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Brit. Herb. British Museum of Natural History, South

Kensington.

Corn. Herb. Cornell University, Ithaca.

Deg. Herb, of Otto Degener, Honolulu.

Del. Herb. Delessert, Geneva.

Field Herb. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.

Flor. Herb. Institute of Botany, University of Florence,

Italy.

Goth. Herb. Arboretum Gothenburg, Sweden.

Gray Herb. Gray, Harvard University, Cambridge,

Massachusetts.

Kew Herb. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Minn. Herb. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Mo. Herb. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.

Mun. Herb. Munich Botanical Garden, Germany.

Mus. V. Herb. Museum of Natural History, Vienna.

N. Y. Herb. New York Botanical Garden, New York

City.

Par. Herb. Museum of Natural History, Paris.

Petrop. Herb. Botanical Garden of Leningrad (Hortus

Petropolitanus), U.S.S.R.

Phila. Herb. Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia.

U. S. Herb. United States National Museum, Washing-

ton.

1. Labordia molokaiana Baillon, Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 1:240.

1880; cf. St. John, Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus. 12: no. 8: 7, pi. 3, 1936;

Labordia lophocarpa var. pluriflora Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 290. 1888.

a. Ultimate branchlets very setulose.

b. Leaves often over 8 cm. long; plant of Molokai.L. molokaiana

sensu stricto.

b. Leaves seldom over 7 cm. long; plant of Lanai.var. y Munroi.

a. Ultimate branchlets smooth or scabrous but not or only very

slightly setulose.

6, Sepals externally glabrous or slightly setulose.

c. Outer sepals (1.4-2 cm. long) moderately narrowed at base

(plant of Molokai) var. /3 lophocarpa.

GENUS LABORDIA 465

c. Outer sepals more or less stipitate at base.

d. Outer sepals becoming 2-3.2 cm. long; plant of Oahu.

var. 5 phyllooalyx.

d. Outer sepals under 1.8 cm. long; plant of Molokai.

var. e congesta.

b. Sepals externally hispid.

c. Leaves sharply acuminate; branchlets subterete to weakly

angulate; plant of Oahu var. 77 Bryanii.

c. Leaves subacute to barely acuminate; branchlets subalately

tetragonal; plant of Molokai var. f setosa.

A much branching shrub, glabrous except for the younger

branchlets (these slender, sharply ridged or angular, the last 1-3

internodes shaggy-setulose) and for the sparsely (or on veins moder-

ately) appressed-setose lower surfaces of the leaves. Stipular sheath

large, laterally emarginate. Leaves gradually narrowed from middle

or from upper third into a slender or slightly margined petiole, this

0.8-1.5 or even to 2.4 cm. long; blade oblong-oblanceolate to nar-

rowly obovate, apically acuminate, membranaceous, on principal

leaves now 7-9 cm. long and 2-3.3 cm. wide (as in type) now even

10-15 cm. long and 3^4.6 cm. wide (as in type of L. lophocarpa var.

pluri flora Hillebr.). Inflorescence of 1-3 often nodding flowers on

subappressedly setulose pedicels 8-12 mm. long, bractlets linear or

spatulate. Sepals distinctly acuminate, outer ones broadly ovate.

Capsule obovoid-globose, 3-valved; valves medianly carinate above,

±1.3 cm. tall.

Type specimen: Collected by Jules Remy, no. 363, Molokai,

1851-1855 (Par.).

Distribution: Molokai.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 503-Mo, Halawa, Sep-

tember, 1912 (Bish. ; with a single flower, this eaten out by insects) ;

Dr. William Hillebrand, same locality (Berl.; type of Labor dia

lophocarpa var. pluriflora Hillebr.; fruiting); Remy 363 (type, Par.;

sterile).

St. John (op. cit. 9) compared the type of L. molokaiana (Par.)

with an isotype of L. lophocarpa Hillebr. (Kew) and found them

"inseparable." As to species, they are indeed the same. A study,

however, of the several sheets of Hillebrand's original Molokai

material of L. lophocarpa (Berl.) and of various specimens of L.

lophocarpa collected more recently, shows that L. lophocarpa as it

occurs on Molokai differs consistently in having the terminal inter-

466 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

nodes of the branchlets practically or absolutely devoid of hispidity.

The type of L. molokaiana (now before me) on the contrary has its

branchlets abundantly setulose on the terminal internodes. Hille-

brand was unfamiliar with Baillon's name and so, in describing L.

lophocarpa, based the species proper upon the plants with glabrous

branchlets, since these were apparently of the more widely dis-

tributed form and better known to him. He did, however, describe

a var. pluriflora from Halawa, on Molokai, and his type of that

variety (now before me) is seen to have the branchlets setulose

toward the ends, as in the type of L. molokaiana.1 It is a fruiting

specimen, with leaves fewer than and twice as large as in the Remy

plant, but in the absence of further evidence may well be considered

identical, especially since such a range in leaf size is not uncommon

within single varieties of Labordia.

The Molokai material of L. lophocarpa Hillebr. is seen to merit

varietal rank under L. molokaiana (see var. lophocarpa). The Lanai

material, of which several fine specimens have been seen, is fairly

easy to distinguish from all the Molokai plants and is here treated

under the var. lanaiensis.

Labordia molokaiana var. /3 lophocarpa (Hillebr.) Sherff,

Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 585. 1938; Labordia lophocarpa Hillebr. Fl.

Haw. Isls. 289. 1888 (exclud. Lanai plants).

Younger branchlets fleshy but soon becoming rigid and more or

less subalate-tetragonal, perhaps more foliose. Leaf petiole 4-15

mm. long; blade shortly acuminate at apex, gradually or subabruptly

narrowed below, usually drying dark especially upon upper surface,

1 Skottsberg (Meddel. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 157. 1936) states: "The

reasons for an identification [of L. molokaiana with L. lophocarpa] appear, how-

ever, to be weak; from a comparison between the statements made by Baillon

and Hillebrand's good description, it is evident that the leaves must be quite

different, narrow lanceolate in the former, elliptic to obovate-oblong in the latter.

L. molokaiana has a few-flowered, contracted cyme, L. lophocarpa single terminal

flowers." St. John (Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus. 12: no. 8: 9. 1936) quotes Skotts-

berg but concludes nevertheless that the differences emphasized by Skottsberg

"are rather in terminology than in morphology. In both the leaves are oblanceo-

late and the flowers single and terminal." The differences cited by Skottsberg

are, however, real. It may well be true, of course, that the single type specimen of

L. molokaiana now has only one flower for an inflorescence. Indeed, the type

seems now entirely to lack well developed flowers. But, notwithstanding this

purely negative evidence, we have Baillon's original description: "Ses inflores-

cences sont contract6es et pauciflores." Moreover, that the form of plant described

by Baillon does at times have more than one flower to a single inflorescence, as

implied in Baillon's "pauciflores," is confirmed in Hillebrand's description for

the identical var. pauciflora ("Inflor. of 1-3 often nodding flowers") and in Hille-

brand's prior use, on a field label for the type of his var. pluriflora, of the varietal

name triflora (to distinguish it from the species which Hillebrand afterwards

named lophocarpa but at the time designated, in pencil, uniflora).

GENUS LABORDIA 467

commonly glabrous, 5-11 cm. long and 2-4 cm. wide. Inflorescence

a single terminal flower or at times 3-flowered; pedicel puberulous,

4-10 mm. long; bractlets lanceolate or spatulate, about 1.2 cm. long.

Calyx as long as corolla; sepals 4 or 5, distinct, broad and foliaceous,

1.4-2 cm. long (outer ones rounded, nearly as broad as high, shortly

acuminate, 9-11-nerved; inner ones less than half as broad as high).

Corolla deep yellow, enclosed in the calyx, externally glabrous,

internally puberulous, its thick tube 10-12 mm. long, the lobes

(often 6 or 7 in number) 6-8 mm. long. Style of fertile flowers

about 4 mm. long, shorter than the broad, clavate stigma. Cap-

sule (including crests) 1.2-1.4 or even up to 2.4 cm. tall, 2- or

3-valved, almost globose when 3-valved but complanate when

2-valved, the valves conspicuously carinate or crested above, the

crests rounded and generally not confluent at apex.

Type specimen: Hillebrand named Molokai first (i.e., before

Lanai) and cited his own specimens from Kalae, Wailau, and Mapu-

lehu. A sheet of material from each of these three localities is extant

in fine condition (Berl.). The Kalae specimens were collected in

June, 1870.

Distribution: Eastern and north-central Molokai.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener 10,275, growing 5 feet tall,

flowers orange, on sunny, shrub-covered, damp slope, west of

Pepeopae, April 12, 1928 (Deg.; Field; staminate); Degener 10,276,

east of Pepeopae, May 9, 1928 (Field; pistillate); Degener 10,281,

Kaluaaha rain-forest, June 28, 1928 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; subflower-

ing); Charles N. Forbes 138-Mo, mountains above Puu Kolekole,

June, 1912 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Kew; flowering); Forbes 168-Mo,

same locality and date (Field; fruiting); Forbes 291-Mo, Pukoo,

July, 1912 (Bish.; flowering); Forbes 332-Mo, Wailau Trail, August,

1912 (Bish.; Field; sterile); William Hillebrand, Hawaiian Isls. (Mus.

V. ; flowering) ; Hillebrand, Valley of Mapulehu (Berl. ; Petrop. ; flower-

ing and fruiting) ; Hillebrand, Pali of Wailau (Berl. ; sterile) ; Hille-

brand, Kalae, June, 1870 (Berl. ; type; flowering) ; George C. Munro 572,

above Waikolu, June 5, 1916 (Bish.; flowering); Joseph F. Rock 7,044,

alt. 3,000 feet, Pali of Wailau, April 15, 1910 (Bish.; subflowering) ;

Rock 12,577, Mapulehu Mts., May 6, 1915 (Bish.; flowering); Rock

16,015, Kamoku, April, 1918 (Bish., 2 sheets; flowering); Rock 17,136,

Mapulehu, Wailau Pali, May 6, 1915 (Bish., 2 sheets; flowering).

Labordia molokaiana var. 7 Munroi Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 585. 1938; Labordia lophocarpa Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 289.

1888 (only as to Lanai specimens).

468 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Ultimate branchlets densely aciculate-setulose on terminal few

internodes. Leaves small, mostly narrow-obovate, apically short-

acuminate, appressed-setose underneath; petiole broad or narrow,

under 8 mm. long; blade 3.5-6 (rarely to 7.5) cm. long and 1-4 cm.

wide. Inflorescence 1-3-flowered; corolla externally hispidulous,

the tube often densely and conspicuously so.

Type specimen; Collected by Dr. William Hillebrand, Lanai,

July, 1870 (Berl.).

Distribution: Mountains of eastern Lanai.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 27-L, mountains near

Koele, June, 1913 (Bish.; flowering); Forbes 206-L, same locality

and date (Bish.; Field; flowering); Forbes 242-L, mountains, east

end of Lanai, June, 1913 (Bish.; flowering); Hillebrand, Lanai,

July, 1870 (type, Berl.; fruiting); George C. Munro 229, Lanaihali,

May 17, 1914 (Bish.; flowering); Munro 413, same locality and

date (Bish.; flowering); Munro 449, ridge below Lanaihali, May 17,

1915 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; flowering).

The variety was named for Mr. George C. Munro, of the Island

of Lanai, in grateful recognition of the valuable services he has

performed for students of the Hawaiian flora by his numerous collec-

tions of Hawaiian plants.

Labordia molokaiana var. 5 phyllocalyx (Hillebr.) Sherff,

Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 585. 1938; Labordia waiolanii Wawra, Flora

55: 516. 1872 (and Skottsberg, Meddel. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard

10: 154, fig. 18. 1936); Labordia lophocarpa var. phyllocalyx Hillebr.

Fl. Haw. Isls. 290. 1888.

Small, sparingly branched shrub, branchlets commonly glabrous

or glabrate to end. Stipules broad-auricular, distinct. Leaves suc-

culent when fresh, membranaceous when dry, subsessile; petiole

2-4 mm. long; blade variously obovate to elliptic or oblanceolate,

at apex moderately or sometimes very acuminate, below middle

usually narrowed to an acute base, glabrous or sometimes very

sparsely setose or papillate-hirtellous beneath, 4-6 (rarely to 7.5)

cm. long and 1.5-3 cm. wide. Cyme 1-3-flowered, pedicels very

short or up to 8 mm. or finally often 1.5 cm. long, glabrous or at

first sparsely setulose. Sepals large, foliaceous, thick, stipitate at

base, the 3 outer ones cordate-ovate, short-acuminate, 2-3.2 cm.

long and 1.3-2 cm. wide; the two inner ones ovate-lanceolate,

±2 cm. long and about 7-10 mm. wide. Corolla ±2.5 cm. long;

tube ±13 mm. long, thin below but fleshy above, sparsely pubescent

GENUS LABORDIA 469

outside, slightly hairy above on inside; lobes spreading, fleshy,

hirsute except toward apex, ±12 mm. long and ±5 mm. wide.

Anthers of fertile flowers linear-sagittate, mucronulate, 2.5-2.7 mm.

long (including mucro of 0.5 mm.) and 0.6 mm. wide, sterile; or at

times apparently lacking. Pistil ±1.4 cm. long; ovary ovoid-

cylindric from truncate base, glabrous, trisulcate, trimerous, 7-8

mm. long and 3 mm. wide; style almost lacking, stigmas 3, erect,

6 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, canaliculate. Sterile flowers not seen.

Capsule about 15 mm. tall (or about 12 mm. excluding the crested,

valvular keels); pulp orange-colored when fresh.

Type specimen: Collected by Dr. William Hillebrand, western

ridge of Nuuanu, Oahu, December, 1869 (Berl.).

Distribution: Southeastern and northeastern Oahu.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener (field no. 302), Oahu, July 29,

1935 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; flowering and fruiting); Degener & Emilio

Ordonez 12,062, in rain-swept, shrubby place, along C. C. C. Trail,

Kawailoa, July 3, 1938 (Berl.; Field; subflowering) ; Degener &

Ordonez 12,063, on rain-swept, shrubby summit, same locality and

date (Deg.; Field; pistillate); Degener, Park, Bush, & Potter 10,151,

in rain-forest, west of Poamoho Trail, Laie, August 25, 1935 (Field;

subf ruiting) ; Degener, Park, Bush, Potter, & Topping 10,120 pro

parte, a slender tree 12 feet tall, in forest, Anahulu Trail, Koolau

Range, June 16, 1935 (Field, 2 sheets; cum L. Fagraeoidea var. sep-

tentrionali commixt.); Degener, Salucop, & Arlantico 11,568, tree 5-8

feet tall, in forest, alt. 3,000 feet, southeast slope of Puu Kaala,

December 19, 1937 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; fruiting) ; Francis R.Fosberg

9,738, flowers deep yellow, on wooded ridge, alt. 850 meters, Kipapa

Gulch, Waipio, August 6, 1933 (Field; subflowering); Hilkbrand,

western ridge of Nuuanu, December, 1869 (type, Berl.: cotype,

U. S.; fruiting) ;E. Y. Hosaka 678, tree 10 feet tall, on denuded ridge,

alt. 2,500 feet, south ridge, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts.,

July 4, 1932 (Bish.; pistillate); Rock & Shaw, Konahuanui, Sep-

tember, 1912 (Bish.; flowering); Carl Skottsberg 1,850, alt. about 750

meters, Koolau Range, high ridge above Kahana, September 17,

1926 (Bish.; Goth.; pistillate); Michio Yamaguchi 1,256 pro parte,

alt. 2,700 feet, south ridge, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Range,

July 4, 1932 (Bish.; Field; subflowering; cum L. Fagraeoidea var.

conferta commixt.).

Joseph F. Rock made a study of Labor dia molokaiana Baill. and

L. waiolanii Wawra in 1914. Under date of April 6th of that year

he wrote a label at Berlin (for the Rock & Shaw specimen now at

470 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Bishop Museum), transferring L. waiolanii to varietal status under

L. molokaiana. Rock's interpretation of L. waiolanii appears to be

the only logical one, but under the International Rules the name

phyllocalyx, which is synonymous with waiolanii, must be adopted.

Hillebrand (Fl. Haw. Isls. 290. 1888), clearly by way of mere

speculation and without Wawra's material at hand, reduced L.

waiolanii Wawra to synonymy with L. Fagraeoidea Gaud., although

he had previously stated his own var. phyllocalyx to be "possibly

Wawra's L. Waiolanii on the improbable assumption that the folia-

ceous sepals had been mistaken for a 'rosette of leaves.' " Skottsberg

(Meddel. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 155. 1936) reports having

"examined Wawra's type which shows that Hillebrand' s assumption,

though improbable, was correct." Skottsberg maintains L. waio-

lanii as a species and to it refers his own no. 1850, a plant which

matches the type of Hillebrand's var. phyllocalyx.

Labordia molokaiana var. e congesta Degener & Sherff ex

Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 585. 1938.

Branchlets often tetragonal, even subalate at the angles. Leaves

numerous and crowded together, pallid, shortly petiolate, petiole 2-6

mm. long; blade oblong-ovate or at times obovate, at apex acute but

hardly acuminate, glabrous, 2-6 cm. long and 1-3 cm. wide. Ex-

terior sepals broadly ovate, at base more or less auriculate-cordate

and broadly substipitate, dorsally glabrate, more often 1-1.5 cm.

long. Bractlets spatulate. Corolla 1.3-1.5 cm. long, externally

more or less pubescent, internally white-setose, tube ±7.5 mm. long,

lobes oblong-linear.

Type specimen: Collected by Otto Degener, no. 10,278, head of

Waihanau Stream, Molokai, May 23, 1928 (Field).

Distribution: Northeastern Molokai.

Specimens examined: Degener 10,278 (type, Field: cotypes, Berl.;

Deg.; Gray; pistillate); Degener 10,279, near Lalanui, May 18, 1928

(Berl.; Deg.; Field; Gray; flowering).

This and var. setosa may be distinguished from L. molokaiana

proper and its other varieties by their numerous, small, pale leaves,

these much crowded toward the ends of the subalately tetragonal

branchlets. The two varieties are too closely alike in foliage appar-

ently to be recognized with certainty unless calyces are present.

Labordia molokaiana var. f setosa Degener & Sherff ex Sherff,

Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 585. 1938.

GENUS LABORDIA 471

Strongly similar to var. congesta but differing at least in its sepals;

these obovate, subgradually narrowed toward base (scarcely cordate

or auriculate), on dorsal surface (below very densely, above moder-

ately or sparsely) antrorse-hispid with brownish hairs, a little larger

than in var. congesta.

Type specimen: Collected by Otto Degener, no. 10,282, in tapestry

forest near top, west side of Waikolu Valley, Molokai, April 21, 1928

(Field).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in northeastern

Molokai.

Specimens examined: Degener 10,282 (type, Field: cotypes, Berl.;

Brit.; Field, 2 sheets; Gray; Kew; Par.; U. S.; flowering).

Labordia molokaiana var. q Bryanii Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.

25: 585. 1938.

Branchlets weakly or almost tetragonal, glabrous. Petioles 1-8

mm. long; blades oblanceolate, at apex clearly acuminate, at base

gradually narrowed, glabrous on upper surface, moderately ap-

pressed-hispid beneath. Inflorescence more often 3-flowered. Calyx

subsessile or finally short-pedicelled; sepals broadly ovate, length-

wise 5-9-nerved, on dorsal surface densely or at last moderately

or even subsparsely hispid, 1.5-2.5 cm. long. Capsule about 1.8 cm.

tall including the conspicuous crests.

Type specimen: Collected by Francis Raymond Fosberg, no.

10,965, bush 2 meters tall, flowers orange-yellow, leaves pale beneath,

on wet, brushy ridge, alt. 880 meters, main divide north of Palikea,

Waianae Mts., Honouliuli, Oahu, June 30, 1935 (Bish.).

Distribution: Waianae Mts., Oahu.

Specimens examined : Fosberg 10,965 (type, Bish.: cotype, Field;

flowering) ; Edward P. Hume 42, near spring, on wet, steep slope,

alt. 3,800 feet, Kaala, Waianaeuka, November 31, 1930 (Bish.;

fruiting); OlofH. Selling 3,954, Waianae, Kaala, September 25, 1938

(Goth.; pistillate); Harold St. John 12,214, shrub 15 feet tall, moist

woods near summit, alt. 3,050 feet, Puu Kaua, Honouliuli, November

6, 1932 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; fruiting); D.LeRoy Topping (Otto Degener

distrib.) 2,859, Kalena, September 14, 1924 (Deg.; Field; flowering).

Named for Mr. Edwin H. Bryan, Jr., Curator of Collections at

the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, to whom I was indebted for the

lending of the first three collections cited, as well as of much other

material from the Bishop Museum.

472 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

2. Labordia Fagraeoidea Gaud. Bot. Freyc. Voy. 450, pi. 60.

1830.1

a. Calyx lobes mostly lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or oblong-

linear.

6. Distal one or more internodes of branchlets hispid.

c. Distal one or two internodes moderately hispid; sepals gla-

brous or glabrate, about twice as long as corolla-tube.

var. B longisepala.

c. Distal few internodes densely hispid; sepals dorsally pubes-

cent, equaling or shorter than corolla-tube . . . var. e sessilis.

b. Distal internodes of branchlets glabrous or glabrate.

c. Calyx externally hispid at least on lower half.

d. Leaves membranaceous var. f waianaeana.

d. Leaves coriaceous var. a Hillebrandii.

c. Calyx externally glabrous or at most with a few scattered

setae near base.

d. Inflorescence usually teratological and abortive, leaves

commonly elongate var. c sessilis f. 1. glabrescens.

d. Inflorescence normal and productive.

e. Branchlets more or less terete; principal leaves oblong or

oblong-ovate or -obovate, about 3-4 cm. wide, mod-

erately appressed-hispid along veins on lower surface.

L. Fagraeoidea sensu siricto.

e. Branchlets terete to obscurely tetragonal; principal

leaves oblong-fusiform in outline or narrowly obovate,

2.5-3.5 cm. wide, glabrous beneath.

var. i septentrionalis.

e. Branchlets angular; principal leaves spatulate-oblanceo-

late, about 2-3 cm. wide, the veins on lower surface

glabrous or at most very remotely setose.

var. d jugorum.

a. Calyx lobes (especially outer ones) ovate or broader.

6. Leaves mostly sessile, glabrous var. y conferta.

b. Leaves mostly slender-petioled, often slightly hispid beneath,

c. Calyx strongly hispid at least below middle.

d. Leaves membranaceous var. i\ Saint- Johniana.

1 In Gaudichaud's text proper, the trivial name was misprinted fragraeoidea.

It was printed correctly as fagraeoidea, however, in the title to the illustrative

plate (no. 60). The foliar habit resembles strikingly that of Fagraea.

GENUS LABORDIA 473

d. Leaves coriaceous var. K Hillebrandii.

c. Calyx glabrous or very sparsely setose,

d. Inflorescence sessile, contracted and more or less umbellate.

e. Sepals up to 1.2 cm. wide, dorsally glabrous or sparsely

setose below; leaves mostly narrow-obovate; plant

of Waianae Range, Oahu.

var. K Hillebrandii f. 1. subcalva.

e. Sepals mostly 5-7 mm. wide, dorsally more or less setose;

leaves mostly oblong-fusiform; plant of Koolau Range,

Oahu var. X simulans.

e. Sepals mostly 2-4 mm. wide, glabrous . . . var. 0 Humei.

d. Inflorescence pedunculate, open and paniculate.

var. /3 Humei f. 1. paniculate.

Shrub, branchlets terete or (because of decurrent leaf-petioles)

angulate, somewhat appressed-hispid at nodes of younger portion,

elsewhere glabrous. Leaves subsessile or petiolate; petiole sparsely

hispidulous, 5-10 mm. long; blade oblong or oblongly ovate or obo-

vate, at apex obtuse or more often moderately and subabruptly

acuminate, at base widely cuneate, subcoriaceous, pinnately nerved

(principal lateral nerves more often 10-12 to each side), very glabrous

above, on lower surface along the nerves moderately elsewhere

sparsely appressed-hispid with arcuate and sharp setae, very thinly

hyaline and weakly revolute at the eciliate margin, for the principal

leaves about 7-8 cm. long and about 3-4 cm. wide. Stipules dor-

sally adnate to base of petioles, connate or distinct, broadly indurate-

margined and entire at top, about 3-4 mm. tall. Flowers few (±5)

in a contracted, umbellate inflorescence. Calyx yellowish-green,

7-10 mm. tall; sepals 3- or 5-nerved, lanceolate or oblong-linear,

delicately hyaline-margined, essentially glabrous, distinct nearly

or quite to base, somewhat unequal in length, 1-2.5 mm. wide.

Corolla yellowish-white, tubular-infundibuliform, ventricose at

base, tube barely equaling the calyx; lobes lanceolate, spreading,

somewhat villous on inner surface, ±6 mm. long. Pedicel slender,

glabrous or essentially so, ±6 mm. long, bibracteolate at or near

middle with extremely filiform, parallel-sided, glabrous bracteoles,

these about 5 mm. long. Ovary ovate, trigonous, trilocular. Style

short, thick, triangular. Stigma conic, triangular, pubescent.

Mature capsule unknown.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles Gaudichaud, alt. 2,700-3,000

feet, Oahu, 1819. Represented by the original plate (Gaud., loc. cit.).

The Museum of Natural History at Paris seems not to possess an

474 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

authentic specimen among its Gaudichaud material. Fortunately,

however, the Berlin Botanical Garden has, in a good state of preserva-

tion, an original specimen which Gaudichaud himself presented to

Kunth in 1829. This is clearly from the type material, but the leaves

(as can be seen in the photograph taken by me) are mostly a trifle

broader toward the base than shown by the artist in the type illus-

tration.

Distribution: Known only from Oahu. Hillebrand (Fl. Haw.

Isls. 290. 1888) states that Gaudichaud probably collected his type

in Nuuanu, southeastern Oahu.

Specimens examined: Degener, Park, Potter, & Bush 10,152,

windswept summit, Kipapa Trail, Koolau Range, Oahu, June 2, 1935

(Field; staminate); Gaudichaud, alt. 2,700-3,000 feet, Oahu, 1819

(type material, Berl.; pistillate).

A species to which several other forms have been referred erron-

eously by various writers. I can find no specimens collected since

Gaudichaud's time, except the lone Degener et al. plant, that match

the type material. My description is in part borrowed from Gaudi-

chaud's original text and illustration and in part taken from the

single Gaudichaud specimen examined. It will be noted that Gaudi-

chaud's description of this species as a "frutex glaber" is hardly

accurate, since the lower leaf-surfaces and nodes of the young branch-

lets are more or less hispid. The Degener et al. plant, however, has

these parts glabrous but possesses the slightest traces of hispidity

on certain distal internodes.

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. 0 Humei Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.

25: 585. 1938.

Shrub ±3 meters tall; branchlets angulate, glabrous, at tips

moderately or abundantly foliose. Leaves smaller and narrower;

blade (often subrhomboidally or oblongly) oblanceolate, often

narrowed slender-cuneately below the middle all the way to the base,

coriaceous, glabrous or upon the more pallid lower surface often

sparsely appressed-setulose, commonly 4-7 (more rarely -9.5) cm.

long and 1-2.5 (more rarely -3) cm. wide; principal lateral nerves

only about 7 or 8 to each side. Inflorescence sessile, umbellate,

2-5-flowered; bractlets of pedicels 2 or often only 1. Calyx lobes

ovate or cordate-ovate, 2-6 mm. wide, glabrous, at apex acute or

mucronate. Corolla fleshy, intensely yellow; lobes lanceolate-linear,

spreading, internally white-setulose (especially below), at apex sharp,

7-12 mm. long; tube not surpassing the sepals, now glabrous now

GENUS LABORDIA 475

(more rarely) conspicuously and retrorsely white-setose. Capsule

3-valvate, glabrous, 1-1.2 (even 1.8-2.1) cm. long, globose-ovoid

(or truly ovoid or obovoid); valves medianly carinate toward apex,

moderately rostrate.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N. Forbes (with Mr. La-

bouchere), no. 2,288-0, Kalihi Pali, Oahu, February 16, 1916 (Bish.).

Distribution: Along Koolau Range, Oahu.

Specimens examined : H. F. Bergman, alt. 1,700 feet, on slopes of

Keeaumakua, February 22, 1928 (Bish.) ; Otto Degener, Oahu, July 29,

1935 (Field; staminate); Degener, Martinez, & Salucop 11,124, in

rain-forest, Pig-God Trail, Punaluu, March 29, 1937 (Berl.; Brit.;

Del.; Field, 2 sheets; Gray; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.; N.Y.; Par.;

U.S.; variously staminate and fruiting); Degener, Kwan Park, &

Y. Nitta 10,234, Pig-God Trail, in forest halfway to summit, Pun-

aluu, June 22, 1932 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; Gray; Kew; Par.; partly

typical and with mature fruits, partly teratological with monstrous

ovate sepals 1-2 cm. long, these resembling those of L. molokaiana

var. phyllocalyx); Degener, Park, & Nitta 10,235, in summit rain-

forest, Pig-God Trail, Punaluu, June 22, 1932 (Berl.; Deg.; Field;

fruiting) ; Degener, Park, & Manuel Kwon 10,238, in forest halfway

to summit, Pig-God Trail, Punaluu, January 17, 1932 (Berl.; Deg.;

Field; staminate); Charles N. Forbes (with Dean Lake) 1,980-0,

Waimanu (Waimano) Ridge, October 27-30, 1914 (Bish.; sterile);

Forbes 2,288-0 (type, Bish.: cotypes, Berl.; Field; staminate);

Forbes & C. L. Thompson, Koolau Mts. between Punaluu and Kai-

papau, May 8-13,1909 (Field; staminate); Francis R. Fosberg 10,896,

corolla fleshy, deep chrome-yellow, leaves coriaceous, very pallid

beneath, veins pellucid, on steep, bushy slope, alt. 740 meters,

Waikane-Schofield Trail, Koolau Mts., Kahana, May 12, 1935

(Field; staminate) ; F. R. & V. 0. Fosberg 13,736, shrub 3 meters tall,

leaves thick, pallid beneath, veins pellucid, flowers fleshy, orange-

yellow, in wet forest, alt. 650 meters, Castle Trail, Punaluu Valley,

Koolau Mts., April 25, 1937 (Bish.; Field; staminate) ; F. R. Fosberg

& E. Y. Hosaka 13,979, shrub 0.4 meter tall, leaves pallid beneath,

main veins pellucid, corolla fleshy, orange-yellow, in small, open bog,

alt. 825 meters, above Kaipapau Gulch, crest of Koolau Mts., May

31, 1937 (Field; staminate) ; Edward P. Hume 79, steep slope near

top, alt. 600 meters, Punaluu, January 11, 1931 (Bish.; one of two

corollas with tube conspicuously and retrorsely white-hispid outside;

pistillate) ; Hume 439, shrub, alt. 1,800 feet, on side of wooded hill,

Punaluu, Punaluu-Kaluanui Divide, December 21, 1931 (Bish.;

476 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

subflowering) ; Harold St. John 10,074, shrub, alt. 1,800 feet, Pun-

aluu, November 30, 1929 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; staminate).

Easily distinguished from the species proper by its narrower,

usually much smaller, basally more narrowly cuneate, apically more

gradually narrowed leaves, these with fewer lateral nerves and the

lower surface much less hispid or even glabrate. The sepals, too,

are much broader proportionately and more ovate than in the species

itself. The fruiting specimens examined have capsules mostly 1-1.2

cm. long, but a few capsules are found much longer. One collection

(Degener et al. 11124) has, in addition to numerous small, mature

capsules, a very few large, smooth, unmatured ones, ranging up to

2.1 cm. long, exclusive of the stylar rudiment (this about 4 mm. long).

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. /3 Ilumei f. 1. paniculata Sherff,

Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 586. 1938.

Inflorescence commonly 5- or 7-flowered, shortly pedunculate

with a peduncle up to 6 mm. long, paniculate, ±2 cm. tall and ±3

cm. wide, branchlets (or pedicels) more or less opposite. Flowers a

little smaller. Bractlets of pedicels more often only one.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N. Forbes, no. 1,440-0, on

ridge, east Nuuanu Valley, February 8, 1910 (Bish.).

Distribution: Southeastern Oahu.

Specimens examined: Forbes 1,440-0 (type, Bish.: cotypes, Berl.;

Field; Mo.; staminate).

The leaf-blades on the few specimens seen are mostly 2-5 cm.

long. However, in the variety proper some material is found with

leaf-blades averaging as small. Thus the paniculate, more numer-

ously flowered, pedunculate inflorescence offers the only distinction.

In view of the remarkably close resemblance in numerous other

respects to specimens of the variety proper, collected in the same vi-

cinity, this distinction would seem best considered as connoting a forma.

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. 7 conferta Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 586. 1938.

Shrub ±1.5 meters tall; branchlets glabrous, sharply angulate

(because of decurrent petioles). Leaves crowded near tips of branch-

lets, pallid, rarely subsessile commonly sessile, narrowly obovate

or oblong-oblanceolate, at apex moderately acuminate, very glabrous;

principal lateral nerves commonly 6-8 to each side. Inflorescence

sessile, 3-5-flowered. Sepals ovate or widely oblong, normally 2-4.5

mm. wide (often monstrous and much larger). Corolla about 10-12

mm. long. Capsule 1.3 cm. long.

GENUS LABORDIA 477

Type specimen: Collected by Francis R. Fosberg and Edward Y.

Hosaka, no. 13,922, shrub 1.5 meters tall, leaves pallid beneath,

main veins pellucid, on wet, brushy, windswept ridge, alt. 830 meters,

crest of Koolau Mts., between Waikane Valley and Waikakalaua

Gulch, May 30 and 31, 1937 (Field).

Distribution: In eastern Oahu.

Specimens examined: Degener, Park, & Wallace Hirai 10,237, in

rain-forest, Waikane-Schofield Trail, April 4, 1931 (Deg.; Field;

staminate) ; Francis R. Fosberg 8,714, bush 2 meters tall, in scrubby,

wet forest, alt. 900 meters, summit of Koolau Mts., above Kipapa

Gulch, Waipio, September 18, 1932 (Field; fruiting); Fosberg 10,896,

corolla fleshy, deep chrome-yellow, leaves coriaceous, very pallid

beneath, veins pellucid, on steep, brushy slope, alt. 740 meters,

Waikane-Schofield Trail, Koolau Mts., Kahana, May 12, 1935

(Bish.; pistillate) ; Fosberg & Edward Y. Hosaka 13,922 (type, Field;

subf ruiting) ; Hosaka 946, shrub 4 feet tall, alt. 2,000 feet, on wet,

denuded ridge, south ridge of Kipapa Gulch, Koolau Mts., March 19,

1933 (Bish.; Field; Par.; staminate); Hosaka 968, same locality,

April 16, 1933 (Bish.; Field; staminate); Hosaka 2,033, shrub 3 feet

tall, petals dark yellow, tube of corolla light yellow, common, on

moist, wooded slope, alt. 2,000 feet, Waimano, Ewa Forest Reserve,

Koolau Range, May 8, 1938 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field; pistillate);

Hosaka 2,034, same data (Bish.; Field; subflowering, pistillate);

Michio Yamaguchi 1,256 pro parte, alt. 2,700 feet, same locality,

July 4, 1932 (Bish.; Field; subflowering; cum L. molokaiana var.

phyllocalyce commixt.}. Several additional specimens have recently

come to hand, but too late to include here.

The pale, terminally numerous leaves of the type offer an illusory

resemblance to those of certain varieties (e.g., var. moomomiana)

of Euphorbia Celastroides Boiss. The other cited material is more

scraggly, has its fewer and somewhat smaller (1.5-4.5 cm. long)

leaves more localized in almost rosette-like terminal clusters, and

has either flowers in anthesis or (Fosberg 8,714) matured capsules,

but in technical characters and from geographic and ecological con-

siderations appears to be identical.

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. 5 jugorum Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 587. 1938.

Branchlets angulate (because of decurrent leaves), glabrous.

Leaves sessile or more rarely petiolate with petiole up to 1 cm. long,

spatulate-oblanceolate, glabrous or very remotely setose on lower

478 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

surface, gradually cuneate-narrowed below to base or petiole, at

apex acuminate, principal ones often 7-10 cm. long and 2-3 cm.

wide. Inflorescence sessile, contracted, 3-7-flowered, glabrous.

Calyx about 7-10 mm. long, glabrous, sepals more often lanceolate

and apically sharp. Corolla about 2 cm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N. Forbes (with Dr. C.

Montague Cooke), Koolau Mts., between Punaluu and Kaipapau,

Oahu, May 3-8, 1909 (Bish.).

Distribution: On ridges (whence the varietal name) and perhaps

elsewhere, in the Koolau Range, Oahu.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 2,208-0, Wahiawa-

Kahana Trail, August 17-20, 1915 (Bish.; pistillate); Forbes 2,552-0,

Konahuanui ridges, March 17, 1919 (Bish.; staminate); Forbes (with

C. M. Cooke), Koolau Mts., between Punaluu and Kaipapau, May

3-8, 1909 (type, Bish.; staminate).

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. e sessilis (A. Gray) Sherff, Amer.

Journ. Bot. 25: 587. 1938; Labordia sessilis A. Gray, Proc. Amer.

Acad. 4: 323. 1860.

Branchlets densely papillate-hispid on younger portions, the

hairs more or less brownish. Leaves subsessile or shortly petiolate

with petioles to about 8 mm. long, diverse in shape but mostly

rather widely oblanceolate, normally under 8 cm. long and 3.5 cm.

wide but (on sterile or teratological specimens) frequently up to

1.5 dm. long and to 4.5 cm. wide, usually more or less brown-hispid

underneath especially along the larger veins. Sepals oblong-lanceo-

late, acute at apex, distinctly 3-7-nerved, externally hispid, now

small (7-12 mm. long) now large (10-18 mm. long). Corolla 2-2.5

cm. long. Capsule shortly pedicellate, 3-valved; valves ±1.4 cm.

long, carinate at top; persistent stylar beak slender, about 3 mm.

long.

Type specimen: Collected by the United States Exploring Expedi-

tion under Captain Wilkes, Oahu, 1840 (U. S.).

Distribution: Koolau Range, Oahu.

Specimens examined: Degener, Salucop, & Arlantico 11,550,

shrub 2-3 feet tall, on wind- and rain-swept summit, C.C.C. Trail,

Aiea, December 6, 1937 (Berl.; Deg.; Field, 2 sheets; mostly sterile

or abortive); Degener, Salucop, & Arlantico 11,552, same locality

and date (Berl.; Deg.; Field; sterile) ; Francis R.Fosberg 8,698, bush

2 meters tall, in rain-forest, alt. 850 meters, on south ridge of Kipapa

Gulch, Koolau Mts., Waipio, September 18, 1932 (Field; vegetative);

GENUS LABORDIA 479

Fosberg 8,699, bush 1.5 meters tall, alt. 900 meters, in scrubby

rain-forest, head of Kipapa Gulch, summit of Koolau Mts., Waipio,

September 18, 1932 (Bish.; Field; mature capsules 7-9 mm. tall);

Fosberg 8,714, bush 2 meters tall, in scrubby, wet forest, alt. 900

meters, summit of Koolau Mts., above Kipapa Gulch, Waipio,

September 18, 1932 (Bish.; mature capsules about 8 mm. tall);

Fosberg 9,723, bush 2 meters tall, flowers yellow, leaves pale under-

neath, alt. 850 meters, on wooded ridge, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio,

August 6, 1933 (Bish.; Field; sterile or abortive); Fosberg 9,725,

shrub 1 meter tall, flowers yellow, alt. 860 meters, exposed ridge,

Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, August 6, 1933 (Bish.; Field; staminate);

Fosberg 9,741, bush 1-2 meters tall, flowers yellow, alt. 860 meters,

same locality and date (Bish.; Field; abortive-flowering); Fosberg

13,860, shrub 0.2-0.5 meter tall, leaves white beneath, veins pellucid,

flowers orange, fleshy, alt. 730 meters, on wet, brushy, windswept

ridge, top of cliffs at head of Haiku Valley, main divide of Koolau

Mts., Heeia, May 23, 1937 (Bish.; Field; pistillate) ; Fosberg & E. Y.

Hosaka (see also Hosaka & Fosberg) 13,914, shrub 3 meters tall,

leaves pallid beneath, veins pellucid, flowers orange-yellow, alt. 860

meters, in wet forest, main divide, crest of Koolau Mts., between

Waianu Gulch and Kipapa Gulch, May 30 and 31, 1937 (Bish.;

Field; staminate); Fosberg & Hosaka 13,917, tree 5 meters tall,

leaf-veins pellucid, flowers yellow, alt. 850 meters, in wet forest,

same locality and date (Bish.; Field; staminate but somewhat

abortive) ; Fosberg & Hosaka 13,919, shrub 1 meter tall, leaves dark

green above, lighter beneath, flowers orange-yellow, on wet, turfy

slope, alt. 800 meters, main divide, crest of Koolau Mts., between

Uwau Gulch and Kipapa Gulch, May 30 and 31, 1937 (Bish.; Field;

pistillate) ; Fosberg & Hosaka 13,921, shrub 1 meter tall, veins pel-

lucid, flowers orange-yellow, alt. 820 meters, on wet, steep, turfy

slope, same locality and dates (Bish.; Field; staminate); William

Hillebrand, Hawaiian Isls. (U. S.; fragment); Hillebrand, Wailupe

(Berl.; staminate); Hillebrand, peak of Waipahia, Nuuanu (Berl.;

Kew; staminate); Hillebrand & Lydgate, Oahu (Bish.; fragment);

Edward Y. Hosaka 598, bush 5 feet tall, on wet, denuded ridge,

south ridge, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts., July 4, 1932 (Bish.;

Field; staminate); Hosaka 679, shrub 4 feet tall, alt. 2,500 feet, on

denuded ridge, same locality and date (Bish.; Field; apparently

teratological); Hosaka 1,139, shrub 4 feet tall, alt. 2,500 feet, on

denuded ridge, Kipapa Gulch, Koolau Mts., August 6, 1933 (Berl.;

Bish.; Field; staminate but partly abortive); Hosaka 1,195, on wet

480 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

slope, alt. 1,800 feet, Kipapa Gulch, Koolau Mts., Waipio, August 7,

1933 (Bish.; Field; Gray; Kew; abortive); Hosaka & Fosberg (see

also Fosberg & Hosaka) 1,875, bush 5 feet tall, occasional on wet,

wooded slope, alt. 2,600 feet, divide between head of Kipapa and

Uwau Gulches, Koolau Range, May 30, 1937 (Bish.; pistillate);

Hosaka & Fosberg 1,880, bush 4 feet tall, alt. 2,700 feet, on wooded

slope below ridge, divide between head of Waikane and Waikakalaua

Gulches, Koolau Range, May 30, 1937 (Bish.; Field; staminate but

mostly abortive); Hosaka & Fosberg 1,881, bush 6 feet tall, occasional

on wet, wooded slope, alt. 2,600 feet, same locality and date (Bish. ;

Field; staminate); Horace Mann & William T. Brigham, Oahu

(Corn.; staminate); Jules Remy 3436is, mountains of Oahu, April,

1855 (Par.; subflowering) ; 0. H. Swezey, Lanihuli, June, 1919 (Bish.;

staminate) ; U. S. Explor. Exped. under Capt. Wilkes, Oahu, 1840

(type, U. S.: cotype, Gray; fruiting).

Until now Labordia sessilis A. Gray has been more or less enig-

matic with botanists. Horace Mann (Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 196.

1867) reduced it to L. Fagraeoidea Gaud. Hillebrand (Fl. Haw. Isls.

290. 1888) modified Gaudichaud's description of L. Fagraeoidea to

read, "generally glabrous, but sometimes the young shoots and

inflorescence coarsely pubescent," and then likewise reduced L.

sessilis to L. Fagraeoidea.

Rock (Indig. Trees Haw. Isls. 406. 1913) maintained L. sessilis

as a valid species "certainly distinct from L. Fagraeoidea," but from

Rock's text it is evident that he lacked a clear notion of what the

genuine L. sessilis really was. Thus his opinion is of little value to

us here. Skottsberg (Meddel. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 163.

1936) has recently made a critical study of the two original speci-

mens studied by Gray and refrains from attempting a definite

disposition of them. He writes of L. sessilis Gray: "Possibly it

belongs in the vicinity of L. Fagraeoidea."

Fortunately, I have been able to examine much illustrative ma-

terial collected the past few years on Oahu by Degener, Fosberg,

Hosaka, Swezey, and others, and have been able to reach a satis-

factory understanding of Gray's type specimens. These latter were

of two kinds. One had moderately small, widely oblanceolate

leaves and mature capsules 1.2-1.5 cm. long, capped by a slender

stylar beak about 3 mm. long. The other was a sterile shoot with

gigantic, oblanceolate leaves, these up to about 15.5 cm. long and

to over 4 cm. wide. On both, but conspicuously so on the sterile

one, the distal internodes and the under surfaces of the leaves' veins

GENUS LABORDIA 481

were densely brown-hispid. There seems no question that the sterile

shoot (which, together with the other type material and numerous

connecting specimens, lies before me) is merely a more or less ab-

normal, perhaps teratological representative of the smaller-leaved

fruiting form. Various collectors have distributed the two forms

under the same number and doubtless in many instances had col-

lected them from the same bush or tree. Invariably, sprays with

elongate leaves are found to lack flowers and fruits, or at most to

have abortive and mutually more or less diverse flowers. At times

the flowers are especially abortive and numerous.

Compared with typical L. Fagraeoidea, the smaller-leaved sprays

are found to differ chiefly in having the distal few internodes of the

branchlets densely hispid, the leaves perhaps narrower and more

oblanceolate, and the sepals sharper-pointed and more slender. L.

sessilis is seen at once to be of co-ordinate rank with vars. Humei and

conferta under L. Fagraeoidea, to a variety of which it must therefore

be reduced.

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. e sessilis f. 1. glabrescens, f. nov.

Ramuli apices versus non vel aegre hispiduli; foliis subtus

normaliter sparsim adpresso-hispidis.

Branchlets glabrous or only weakly hispidulous along terminal in-

ternodes; leaves usually appressed-hispid beneath with scattered hairs.

Type specimen: Collected by Edward P. Hume, no. 556, shrub,

alt. 1,700 feet, by stream, Kaluanui Valley, Oahu, May 8, 1932

(Bish.).

Distribution: Along the Koolau Range of Oahu.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener & Emilio Ordonez 12,059, wide

bush 3 feet tall, on rain-swept shrubby summit, C.C.C. Trail,

Kawailoa, July 3, 1938 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; abortive-flowering);

Degener & Ordonez 12,061, on wind-swept shrubby summit, same

locality and date (Deg.; Field; abortive-flowering); Degener, Park,

Bush, Potter, & Topping 10,121, shrub in rain-forest, Anahulu Trail,

Koolau Range, June 16, 1935 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; pistillate); Otto

Degener, Kwan Kee Park, & Y. Nitta 10,334, on rain-swept summit,

along Pig-God Trail, Punaluu, June 22, 1932 (Berl.; Field; abortive-

flowering); Degener, Park, & Nitta 10,335, same locality and date

(Berl.; Deg.; Field, 2 sheets; staminate but abortive); Francis R.

Fosberg 12,249, shrub 1 meter tall, leaves pallid beneath, veins pel-

lucid, flowers deep chrome yellow, on wet, steep, exposed, brushy

slope, alt. 750 meters, Waikane-Schofield Trail, Koolau Mts.,

482 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Kahana, July 27, 1935 (Bish.; Field; abortive-flowering); Hosaka

& Fosberg 1,871, bush 5 feet tall, occasional on wet, wooded slope,

alt. 2,650 feet, divide between head of Kipapa and Waianu Gulches,

May 30, 1937 (Bish.; subflowering) ; Hosaka & Fosberg 1,918, bush

5 feet tall, occasional on wooded slope, alt. 2,300 feet, Puu Kainapuaa,

Koolau Range, May 31, 1937 (Bish.; Field; abortive-flowering);

Hume 556 (type, Bish.: cotype, Field; pistillate); Charles Judd

(Otto Degener distrib. no.) 10,116, in rain-forest, Konahuanui,

December, 1935 (Field; sterile).

This form seems particularly susceptible to insect or fungus

attack in its branch tips. The result is often an extremely terato-

logical appearance of the apical portions. The flowers in such cases

are often very numerous (even forty or more) in a more or less spicate

umbel, and are either abortive or fairly normal but smaller than in

average specimens of the variety proper. The glabrescent nature of

the branchlets in their distal portions might seem in the description

to imply a closer affinity with the species proper, but the various

specimens examined appear on careful comparison to have leaves

more as in var. sessilis. A comparative field-study of L. Fagraeoidea

proper, var. sessilis proper, and forma glabrescens is much to be

desired, with special regard to their natural affinities as shown by

calyces in normally (that is, not teratologically) developed material.

In var. sessilis proper the sepals seem to be more often narrow, sharp

at apex, and almost or quite glabrous. However, some material

shows sepals mostly oblong or mostly pubescent or both.

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. f waianaeana Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 587. 1938.

Branchlets obtusely tetragonal, glabrate. Leaves (sometimes

narrowly) obovate, up to 15 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, thin, glabrous

above, sparsely appressed-hispid beneath, at apex acuminate, peti-

ole indistinct and up to about 12 mm. long. Calyx about 1.3-1.5

cm. long; sepals thin, on dorsal surface (at least below middle)

densely subappressed-hispid, now linear now widely oblong. Corolla

±2.2 cm. long; lobes narrowly lanceolate, very sharply apiculate,

10-12 mm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Francis R. Fosberg, no. 10,369,

leaves white beneath, flowers orange-yellow, calyx hirsute, bush 1

meter tall, in wet, boggy forest, alt. 1,235 meters, Puu Kaala,

Waianae Mts., Waianaeuka, November 5, 1933 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from Mt. Kaala, in western Oahu.

GENUS LABORDIA 483

Specimens examined: Degener, Salucop, & Arlantico 12,020, in

rain-forest near summit, Kaala, May 1, 1938 (Deg.; Field; fruiting);

Francis R. Fosberg 10,367a, bush 1.5 meters tall, leaves white be-

neath, in wet, boggy forest, alt. 1,225 meters, Puu Kaala, Waianae-

uka, November 5, 1933 (Bish.; Field; sterile) ; Fosberg 10,369 (type,

Bish.: cotype, Field; pistillate); J. Arthur Harris C242,120, shrub

with yellow flowers, alt. 4,000 feet, summit of Puu Kaala, August 24,

1924 (Goth.; Minn.; subflowering).

The leaves of Fosberg's specimens are noticeably thin; they are

also bluish-green, doubtless from the method of drying employed.

Harris C242,120 has the leaves mostly narrow-obovate. It had been

determined by Skottsberg as Labor diaFagraeoidea Gaud. (cf. Meddel.

Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 154. 1936).

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. 77 Saint-Johniana Sherff, Amer.

Journ. Bot. 25: 587. 1938.

Similar in habit to var. waianaeana. Inflorescence commonly

3-8-flowered, hispid, pedicels short. Sepals broadly ovate or rotund-

cordate, at apex subobtuse or acute, on dorsal surface erectly appres-

sed-hispid, commonly under 1 cm. long. Corolla about 1.5 cm.

long; lobes yellow, reflexed, lanceolate or ovate, at apex sharp, more

or less white-hispid within.

Type specimen: Collected by Harold St. John, no. 17,605, petals

reflexed, yellow, shrub 5 meters tall, on wooded ridge, alt. 2,800

feet, Puu Kawiwi-Mt. Kaala ridge, Makaha-Waianaekai, Oahu,

March 31, 1935 (Bish.).

Distribution: Waianae Range of western Oahu.

Specimens examined : Francis R. Fosberg 13,013, shrub 2 meters

tall, flowers yellow, on moist, wooded ridge, alt. 800 meters, east

ridge of Puu Kalena, Waianaeuka, March 22, 1936 (Bish.; Field;

staminate); Alfred Meebold (Otto Degener distrib. no.) 10,239, alt.

4,000 feet, Waialua side of Puu Kaala, June 18, 1932 (Bish.; Deg.;

subflowering); St. John 17,605 (type, Bish. : cotype, Field; staminate).

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. 6 longisepala Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 587. 1938.

Branchlets slender, 1 or 2 terminal internodes moderately hispid.

Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, at apex easily acuminate, cuneately

narrowed below into a slender more or less setose, 5-11 mm. long

petiole, glabrous above, sparsely appressed-hispid beneath, blade

5-8.5 cm. long and 1.5-3 cm. wide. Sepals lanceolate or widely

484 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

oblong, several-nerved, glabrate or irregularly and sparsely appres-

sed-setose, 1.4-1.8 cm. long, equaling the corolla. Capsule unknown.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N. Forbes, on Kaaawa

Valley ridges, Oahu, May 30, 1909 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in northeastern-

most Oahu.

Specimens examined: Forbes, Kaaawa Valley ridges, May 30,

1909 (type, Bish.; staminate).

A plant of peculiar aspect and deserving of more study. The

type sheet bears three sprays, with a total of 4 inflorescences, these

1-3-flowered . The flowers are subsessile and subtended by apparently

two distinct types of bractlets: one kind linear and about 3-4 mm.

long, the other kind very delicately filiform and often 1-2 cm. long.

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. t septentrionalis Sherff, Amer.

Journ. Bot. 25: 588. 1938.

Leaves a little narrower and entirely or essentially glabrous

beneath; sepals wider, ±1.5 cm. long. Corolla about 2.5 cm. tall,

lobes lanceolate and sharply apiculate.

Type specimen: Collected (anonymously, but perhaps by Joseph

F. Rock) on mountains of Punaluu, Oahu, August 18, 1908 (Bish.).

Distribution: Northern Oahu.

Specimens examined: Anon., mountains of Punaluu, August 18,

1908 (type, Bish.; staminate); Otto Degener 10,247, in summit rain-

forest, Pupukea-Kahuku region, April 1, 1929 (Deg.; Field; sub-

flowering); Otto Degener, R. Northwood, & J. Foster 12,295, on

shrubby, rain-swept summit, Anahulu Trail, Oahu, March 23, 1939

(Berl.; Deg.; Field; Par.); Otto Degener & Kwan Park 10,244, in

rain-forest at summit, Pupukea-Kahuku region, March 27, 1933

(Deg.; Field; fruiting); Degener, Park, Topping, & Bush 10,236, shrub

4 feet tall, in rain-forest at summit, Pupukea-Kahuku, May 17, 1931

(Field; subflowering) ; Francis R. Fosberg 9,402, bush 1.5 meters

tall, in wet forest, alt. 540 meters, Laie-Malaekahana Ridge, Koolau

Mts., April 15, 1933 (Field; post-fruiting).

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. K Hillebrandii var. nov.

Folia iis varietatis septentrionalis similia sed infra plus minusve

adpresso-setosa. Inflorescentia saepius 5-15-flora. Sepala ovata

vel ovato-oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, tergo nisi supra perspicue

setulosa, 1-1.6 (-2.1) cm. longa. Capsula rostro ±2 mm. longo

excepto 10-14 mm. alta.

GENUS LABORDIA 485

Leaves similar to those of var. septentrionalis but more or less

appressed-setose on lower surface. Inflorescence more often 5-15-

flowered. Sepals ovate or ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, dorsally

very setulose at least below, 1-1.6 (-1.8) cm. long. Capsule 10-14

mm. tall exclusive of rostrum (this ±2 mm. long).

Type specimen: Collected by William Hillebrand, Hawaiian

Islands (Kew).

Distribution: Oahu.

Specimens examined : Otto Degener, E. Ordonez, & J. Foster 12,336,

in rich, dense forest at summit, Puu Hapapa, Oahu, May 7, 1939

(Berl.; Deg.; Field); Degener, Park, Bush, Potter, & Topping 10,120

pro parte, a slender tree 12 feet tall, in forest, Anahulu Trail, Koolau

Range, June 16, 1935 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; staminate; cum L. molo-

kaiana var. phyllocalyce commixt.); Hillebrand, Hawaiian Isls. (type,

Kew; subflowering and fruiting); Hillebrand, Kaala (Berl.; exactly

matching type, of which it is undoubtedly a duplicate).

Appears to differ sharply from vars. St. Johniana and waianaeana,

both likewise natives of northwestern Oahu, in its thicker, coriaceous

leaves, these as firm as in the species proper.

Hillebrand (Fl. Haw. Isls. 290. 1888) specially noted the Kaala

material (which he referred to L. Fagraeoidea proper) for its large

outermost calyx-lobes (mostly ±2 cm. long and 8-13 mm. wide).

He seems to have overlooked the possibility of teratology, but it is

noteworthy that his two specimens at Berlin and one at Kew having

hypertrophied sepals are sterile, while his other specimens (mounted

on the same sheet in each case), with smaller sepals, have flowers or

fruits. (Hillebrand, loc. cit., contrasted the Kaala material with

that from Wailupe, which latter he likewise referred to L. Fagraeoidea

proper. The Wailupe material is here referred, however, to var.

sessilis, q.v.)

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. < Hillebrandii f. 1. subcalva

Degener & Sherff, f. nov.

A varietate ipsa calycis lobis dorsaliter glabris vel inferne tantum

sparsim setulosis differt.

Differing from variety proper in having its sepals dorsally gla-

brous or only sparsely setulose below.

Type specimen: Collected by Otto Degener, Emilio Ordonez, & J.

Foster, no. 12,336a, in rich, dense forest at summit, Puu Hapapa,

Waianae Range, Oahu, May 7, 1939 (Field).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in western Oahu.

486 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Specimens examined: Degener, Ordonez, & Foster 12,336a (type,

Field: cotypes, Berl.; Deg.).

Labordia Fagraeoidea var. X simulans Degener & Sherff,

var. nov.

Ramuli subangulati, glabri. Petioli graciles usque ad 1.5 cm.

longi; laminae elliptico-lanceolatae, apice attenuato-acuminatae, basi

cuneatae, submembranaceae, infra glabrae vel sparsissime adpresso-

setosae, usque ad 9 cm. longae et 3 cm. latae. Inflorescentia saepius

3- (interdum 1- vel 2-) flora, floribus iis L. molokaianae var. phyl-

localycis similibus. Sepala plus minusve ovata, 5-9-nervata, dorso

pallida et subsparse adpresso-hispida vel supra glabrata, circ.

1.2-1.4 cm. longa et 5-7.5 mm. lata, corollae tubum ±8 mm. longum

superantia. Corollae lobi late lanceolati vel ovati, patentes reflexive.

Capsula ignota.

Ultimate branchlets subangulate, glabrous. Petioles slender, up

to 1.5 cm. long; blades elliptic-lanceolate, at apex attenuate-acumi-

nate, at base cuneate, submembranaceous, beneath glabrous or very

sparsely appressed-setose, up to 9 cm. long and 3 cm. wide. Inflor-

escence more often 3-flowered, the flowers similar to those of L.

molokaiana var. phyllocalyx. Sepals more or less ovate, 5-9-nerved,

dorsally pallid and subsparsely appressed-hispid or toward top gla-

brate, about 1.2-1.4 cm. long and 5-7.5 mm. wide, surpassing the

corolla-tube. Corolla's lobes ovate or widely lanceolate, spreading

or reflexed; tube ±8 mm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Otto Degener, Kwan Kee Park, D.

LeRoy Topping, William Bush, & Colin Potter, no. 10,284, a tree 12

feet tall, in forest, Waimano, Oahu, June 9, 1935 (Field).

Distribution: South-central to northwestern Oahu.

Specimens examined: Degener, Ordonez, & Foster 12,356, in

shrubby forest near top, southeast slope of Puu Hapapa, June 4,

1939 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; fruiting); Degener, Park, Topping, Bush, &

Potter 10,284 (type, Field: cotypes, Berl.; Deg.; pistillate).

The slender leaf-petioles are more typical of L. Fagraeoidea, but

the large sepals are suggestive of L. molokaiana var. phyllocalyx.

3. Labordia pallida H. Mann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 196 (Enum.

Haw. PI. no. 384). 1867; Skottsberg, Meddel. Goteborgs Botan.

Tradgard 10: 162, fig. 20, i-m. 1936.

Leaves glabrous, principal ones 2-3.5 cm. wide; capsule ±1.4 cm.

long L. pallida sensu stricto.

GENUS LABORDIA 487

Leaves appressed-hispidulous beneath, principal ones 5-6 cm. wide;

capsule 1.6-2.3 cm. long var. /3 hispidula.

Glabrous, branchlets grayish and subterete to subtetragonal.

Leaves mostly clustered toward tips of branchlets; petiole slender,

6-13 mm. long; blade oblong or narrowly obovate-oblong, mem-

branaceous at least when dry, gradually or subabruptly narrowed

toward base, at apex more acuminate than for L. Fagraeoidea proper,

pale underneath, 6-11 cm. long and 2-3.5 cm. wide. Cyme sessile,

5-15-flowered; pedicels ±2 mm. long, slender, pubescent; bractlets

linear, acute, pubescent, about 5 mm. long. Calyx more or less

pubescent, 5-8 mm. long, deeply cleft into sharply lanceolate or

linear-lanceolate lobes (these thin, 5-7- or rarely -9-nerved and

having a broad, hyaline margin with densely ciliate edge). Corolla

externally glabrate or puberulent, tube slightly pilose within and

about 1 cm. long; lobes more or less spreading-hirsute within, 6-8

mm. long, about 1.5 mm. wide. Anthers oblong, only about 2.5 mm.

long and 1 mm. thick, hardly mucronulate. Pistillode slenderly

clavate, from apex gradually (not abruptly) narrowed downward,

protruding about 5 mm. above calyx (as seen after removal or fall

of corolla) and 0.3-0.5 mm. thick in thickest part. Capsules 2-valved.

Type specimen: Collected by Horace Mann and William T.

Brigham, no. 611, Kealia, Kauai, 1864-1865 (herbarium not cited,

but the Cornell University and Gray Herbarium specimens would

probably have equal claim to ranking as the type).

Distribution: Kauai.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 689-.K, Hii Mountains

(Bish.; Mo.; fruiting); Mann & Brigham 611 (type collection, Bish.;

Corn.; Field; Gray; Mo.; staminate); Harold St. John & Francis R.

Fosberg 13,576, shrub 8 feet tall, leaves dark shiny green above,

whitish beneath, in moist, mossy woods, alt. 1,800-2,000 feet,

Wahiawa Valley, trail to Kahili Bog, Wahiawa, December 24, 1933

(Bish.; Field; sterile, but accompanied — in packet — with 4 capsules

of a previous season, these 2-valved, about 1.7 cm. long, the exo-

carp mostly worn away).

The type specimens are staminate, whence it would appear that

Mann's original description of the ovary ("ovario bi-triloculari")

was obtained from inspection of the rudimentary ovary of a pistillode.

The Forbes specimens from the Hii Mountains have leaves identical

with those of the type collection, and the 1-3 capsules on short (3-6

mm.), stout, cernuous pedicels, 2-valved, ovoid or globose-ovoid,

glabrate but of course wrinkled, 13-15 mm. long, the valves scarcely

488 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

carmate but minutely (±0.5 mm.) rostrate. The leaves of L. pal-

lida appear, in herbarium specimens, thinner than those of L. Fagrae-

oidea proper and are more sharply acuminate at their apex. The

narrowly clavate pistillodes are especially distinctive, the pistillodes

in most other species of the genus being thickened-ovoid or -cylindric

at top. Skottsberg (loc. cit.) studied this species, concluding that

"to judge from the type collection, L. pallida has to be retained as a

separate species." It is apparent from his description and figure,

however, that the material examined by him had only younger

pistillodes and hence failed to reveal fully one of its outstanding

characters.

Labordia pallida var. /3 hispidula var. nov.

Folia majora, pauca (3) visa 14-16 cm. longa petiolo 1.5-2 cm.

longo adjecto et 5-6 cm. lata, infra dense adpresso-hispidula. Sepala

hispidula. Capsula glabrata, 1.6-2.3 cm. longa rostro minimo sub

0.4 mm. longo incluso.

Leaves larger, the few (3) seen measuring 14-16 cm. long includ-

ing the petiole (this 1.5-2 cm. long) and 5-6 cm. wide. Sepals

hispidulous. Capsule glabrate, 1.6-2.3 cm. long including the very

small rostrum (this under 0.4 mm. long).

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N. Forbes, no. 256-K,

Wahiawa Mountains, Kauai, August, 1909 (Mo.).

Distribution: Southern Kauai.

Specimens examined : Forbes (with C. Dole) 41-/£, Waipau Valley

and Ridge, July 15, 1909 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Kew; Par.; fruiting);

Forbes 256-X (type, Mo.: cotypes, Bish.; Field; Kew; fruiting).

4. Labordia pedunculata sp. nov.

Kami griseo-brunnei, teretes, glabri; ramulis subangulatis, glabris.

Folia opposita, oblanceolata vel subrhomboideo-ovata vel oblongo-

ovata, apice breviter acuminata, basi plus minusve sensim in petio-

lum forsan papillatum sed glabrum usque ad 1.5 cm. longum angus-

tata; lamina coriacea, infra pallida, utrinque glabra, usque ad 12 cm.

longa et 4.5 cm. lata, nervis principalibus lateralibus circ. 8-10 pro

utroque latere; stipulis vix connatis, 2-4 mm. altis. Inflorescentia

(floribus non visis) pedunculata pedunculo glabro demum 1.8-2.5

cm. longo 1.5-3 mm. crasso erecto recurvatove, 2- vel 3-pedicellata

pedicellis tenuibus glabris 1.8-3 cm. longis moderate divergentibus

mediane bracteolatis bracteola lineari subcapilliformive glabra ±3

mm. longa. Sepala 5, distincta, lanceolata, 5-7.5 mm. longa, non

manifesto nervata. Capsula ovoidea, 2-valvata, glabra sed scrobi-

GENUS LABORDIA 489

culata, ovario circ. 11-14 mm. longo et 1 cm. crasso, rostro tenui

erecto vix 3 mm. longo; valvis ecarinatis.

Branches grayish-brown, terete, glabrous; branchlets subangulate,

glabrous. Leaves oblanceolate or subrhomboid-ovate or oblong-

ovate, at apex shortly acuminate, at base more or less gradually

narrowed into a petiole, this perhaps papillate but glabrous and up

to 1.5 cm. long; blade coriaceous, pallid underneath, glabrous on

both surfaces, up to 12 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, about 8-10 princi-

pal lateral nerves on each side of midrib. Inflorescence (flowers not

seen) pedunculate; peduncle glabrous, finally 1.8-2.5 cm. long and

1.5-3 mm. thick, erect or recurved, 2- or 3-pedicellate; pedicels

slender, glabrous, 1.8-3 cm. long, moderately diverging, bracteolate

at the middle with a linear or subcapilliform bracteole, this gla-

brous and ±3 mm. long. Sepals 5, distinct, lanceolate, 5-7.5 mm.

long, not manifestly nerved. Capsule ovoid, 2-valved, glabrous

but scrobiculate, its ovary about 11-14 mm. long and 1 cm. thick,

its rostrum erect and barely 3 mm. long; valves ecarinate.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N. Forbes, in Hawaiian

Islands. The type label says, "E. Maui? 1920?" (Bish.).

Distribution: Not known for a certainty, except that the plant

occurs somewhere in the Hawaiian Islands.

Specimens examined : Forbes, Hawaiian Isls. (type, Bish.).

A species with the foliar habit of L. Fagraeoidea, but differing

from that species in its pedunculate inflorescence and 2-valved cap-

sules, the valves of which are not carinate. Because of the uncer-

tainty regarding the locality from which the type was obtained, it

is much to be hoped that this species will before long be rediscovered

and definite data as to its geographic occurrence be placed on record.

5. Labordia pumila (Hillebr.) Skottsb., Meddel. Goteborgs

Botan. Tradgard 10: 160, fig. 20, a-h. 1936; Labordia pallida f.

alpina Wawra, Flora 55: 516. 1872; Labordia Fagraeoidea var.

pumila Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 290. 1888.

Dwarf, sparingly branched, glabrous shrub, ±3 dm. tall, with

sharply or at times alately tetragonal branchlets. Leaves elliptic-

obovate, basally cuneate and decurrent into a very short petiole,

apically wide-rotundate and short-acuminate, very glabrous, softly

coriaceous, when dry pale and glaucescent on lower surface (this

beautifully and arcuately penninervate with much darker nerves),

4-10.5 cm. long and 2-4.5 cm. wide; stipules large, semicircular.

Cymes up to 15-flowered, glabrous; capsuliferous pedicels at matu-

490 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

rity up to 15 mm. long, thickened, ligneous; bractlets filiform-linear

to very narrowly linear-spatulate, 5-7 mm. long. Sepals oblong-

linear to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous or obscurely pubescent, at apex

more or less acute, 5-7-nerved, 8-11 mm. long and 2-3.5 mm.wide;

corolla sparingly or moderately hirsute, 15-16 mm. long, its tube

9-10 mm. and narrow lobes 5-7 mm. long; sterile anthers sagittate,

1.8-2 mm. long; fertile anthers oblong, basally sagittate, 3.7-4 mm.

long; pistillode glabrous, about 1.2 cm. long, its ovary cylindric-

conic and 4-4.5 mm. long, its style filiform and about 4 mm. long,

its 3 stigmata closely connate; pistil 8-10 mm. long; ovary cylindric-

fusiform, 3-merous and 3-sulcate, about 7 mm. long and 3 mm. thick,

glabrous or apically somewhat setose; style very short or lacking;

stigmata 3, erect, 2.5-2.8 mm. long, externally covered with rather

long and projecting papillae. Capsule ovoid-trigonous, shortly

mucronate, glabrous, 12-13 mm. long and 6-8 mm. thick, the three

valves obscurely carinate toward their apex.

Type specimen: Collected by Heinrich Wawra, no. 2,164 (alt.

5,080 feet, on the highest peak of Waialeale, Kauai, 1868-1871

(Mus. V.).1

Distribution: Northwestern Kauai.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 905-K, Alakai Swamp,

July 3-August 18, 1917 (Bish. ; subflowering) ; Forbes 938-X, Waimea

Drainage Basin, same date (Bish.; fruiting) ; Forbes 1,153-K, Alakai

Swamp, same date (Bish., 2 sheets; Field; fruiting); Rev. J. M.

Lydgate, Kaholuamanu (Bish.; fruiting); Joseph F. Rock, Kauai,

October, 1916 (Bish.; fruiting); Rock 4,874, without data (Bish.;

staminate); Rock 5,813, summit of Waialeale, September 23, 1909

(Bish.; staminate); Rock 8,884, Waialeale, October 20, 1911 (Bish.,

4 sheets of separate staminate and fruiting specimens; Gray, 1 sheet

of pistillate and 1 sheet of separate staminate and fruiting material,

the sheets studied by Skottsberg); Carl Skottsberg 964, Alakai

Swamp, between Kokee and Kilohana, October 27, 1922 (Goth.;

pistillate, both flowering and fruiting).

Hillebrand's herbarium (Berl.) contains no specimen representing

L. Fagraeoidea var. pumila Hillebr. Indeed, Hillebrand's omission

of his customary exclamation mark after the citation of locality

shows that he himself had no private specimen at hand (cf. Hillebr.

1 Skottsberg (loc. cit.) sets the sheet of staminate material of Rock 8,884 at

Gray Herbarium as the staminate type and Skottsberg 964 (Goth.) as the pistillate

type. His adoption of Hillebrand's varietal name pumila, however, compels us

to accept as type the plant to which the name pumila directly leads, namely the

type of L. pallida f . alpina Wawra, which was Wawra 2,164.

GENUS LABORDIA 491

op. cit. XCI) . His treatment is merely a translation from Wawra and

the name pumila goes back directly to L. pallida f . alpina Wawra.

6. Labordia Hedyosmifolia Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 240.

1880; St. John, Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus. 12: no. 8: pi. 2. 1936;

Labordia Fagraeoidea sensu A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: 323.

1860 (not Gaud.}; Labordia Grayana sensu Skottsb. pro parte, Med-

del. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 158, fig. 19, f-i. 1936.

a. Blades of principal leaves elliptic-oblong, 2-4.5 cm. long and 1-1.5

cm. wide, plant of West Maui var. 7 Rockii.

a. Blades of principal leaves various in shape but proportionately

broader, normally larger; plants not confined to West Maui.

6. Capsules commonly 2-valved; plants of Hawaii.

c. Sepals dorsally hispid, mostly narrow-linear; capsules (in-

cluding rostrum) ±1.8 cm. long; terminal internodes of

branchlets hispid var. S robusta.

c. Sepals more or less glabrate, broader.

d. Terminal internodes of branchlets hispid.

var. f Skottsbergii.

d. Terminal internodes of branchlets glabrous.

e. Leaves 5-9.5 cm. long and 2-3.5 cm. wide, definitely

cuneate-obovate, the broad terminal portion sub-

abruptly rounded to a short, narrow, subacute tip.

var. f Grayana (see also var. d magnifolia, with leaves

9-13 cm. long and 3.5-5 cm. wide).

e. Leaves mostly otherwise.

/. Leaf blades 3-5.5 cm. long and 1.3-2 cm. wide; mature

capsules barely 1.5 cm. tall including valvular rostra.

var. i\ kilaueana.

f. Leaf blades longer or wider or both; mature capsules

about 1.8 cm. tall. . . .L. Hedyosmifolia sensu stricto.

b. Capsules commonly 3-valved; plant native of Maui, north-

eastern Molokai, and Lanai var. /3 centralis.

b. Capsules 3-valved; plant native of Oahu var. t Hosakana.

Small tree with stiff, angular branches, these glabrous or when

young pubescent near tip. Stipules large, connected in a cup-shaped,

shallowly or even very deeply emarginate ring, this dark except for a

conspicuous, white-chartaceous, supernal border. Leaves commonly

dark-brown when dry, greatly varying in shape, falsely suggesting

three varieties; now narrowly elliptic-oblong or somewhat oblanceo-

492 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

late- or barely obovate-oblong (as in Remy 362, the type), now

mostly obovate, now mostly oblong- or ovate-rotund; blade sub-

acute or shortly acuminate at apex, widely or narrowly cuneate or

even rounded at base, subcoriaceous, glabrous and inconspicuously

veined above, glabrate or sparingly setose and conspicuously veined

beneath (the lateral veins often beautifully arcuate, especially in

ovate or subrotund leaves), mostly 5-11 cm. long and 2-5 cm. wide;

petiole 4-12 mm. long. Cyme many- (6-15- or even to 22-) flowered,

corymbiform or appearing umbellate-contracted, 3-7.5 cm. across,

subsessile, branches divergent and often reflexed, the slender ultimate

pedicels pubescent or (as in type) glabrous and 4-12 mm. long.

Bractlets filiform, 6-12 mm. long. Calyx about 8.5-14 mm. long,

cleft to base into 5 ovate to linear, glabrous or glabrate, mostly 3-

or 5- or 7-nerved lobes. Corolla orange-colored, externally glabrate

(unless above), internally white-pubescent, tube swollen, ±5 mm.

thick and 10-13 mm. long, the commonly 6 lobes 6-9 mm. long.

Pistillode ±12 mm. long; its ovary slender-conic, ±5 mm. long; style

capillary but only about 1-3 mm. long; stigma delicately or stoutly

cylindric or clavate, ±6 mm. long. Pistil ±12 mm. long; its ovary

cylindric-fusiform, glabrous or at top hispid, ±5 mm. long; narrowed

stylar portion ±1.5 mm. long; narrowly cylindric or obconic-

cylindric stigma about 4 mm. long. Capsule conic-ovoid, ±1 . 8 cm.

long (including inflexed valvular rostra), 2-valved, the valves moder-

ately cristate-carinate near top.

Type specimen: Collected by Jules Remy, no. 362, on the Island

of Hawaii, 1851-1855 (Par.).

Distribution: Hawaii, especially the northern half.

Specimens examined: Miss L. M. Cranwell, Olof Selling, & Carl

Skottsberg 3,166a, in sphagnum bog, Kohala, above Waipio along

ditch trail between ditch houses 1 and 2, September 8, 1938 (Goth.;

"all flowers pistillate"); iidem 3,166&, same locality and date (Goth.;

"all flowers bisexual except one staminate"); Charles N. Forbes

298-ff, Kaalapuuwale, Kona, June 30, 1911 (Bish.; Field; Gray;

subflowering) ; Forbes 509-H, Kohala Mts., Waimea, September, 1911

(Bish.; subflowering); Forbes 721-H, along trail to Wailuku River,

eastern Hawaii, June 5, 1915 (Bish.; sterile) ; Forbes 723-#, in lava

flow of 1855, Kilohana, June 6, 1915 (Bish. ; subflowering) ; Forbes

726-H, eastern Hawaii, June 6, 1915 (Bish.; fruiting); V. O.Fosberg

54, bush 1.5-2 meters tall with yellow-orange flowers, in wet tree-

fern forest, Hilo side of National Park, Kilauea, August 10, 1936

(Field; subflowering); Rev. J. M.Lydgate, Hilo (ex herb. Hillebraiidii

GENUS LABORDIA 493

in Berl.; subflowering) ; Remy 362 (type, Par.; two specimens on

sheet, one flowering and staminate, one pistillate, with flowers and

fruits); Joseph F. Rock 4,301, Alakahi Gorge, July 12, 1909 (Mus. V.;

subflowering); Rock (similarly) 4,301, Alakahi-Kawainui Gorge,

July 12, 1909 (Bish. ; staminate) ; Rock 4,305, same locality and date

(Bish., 2 sheets; staminate); Rock 8,316, alt. 4,200 feet, Alakahi

Valley, Waimea, June, 1910 (Bish., 2 sheets; Gray; Mus. V.; var-

iously staminate and pistillate) ; Rock 8,364, Honokane Nui Stream,

Kohala, June, 1910 (Bish., 3 sheets; Gray; Mus. V.; variously

staminate and pistillate); Rock 8,430, Awini, Kohala, same date

(Bish., 4 sheets; Gray; Mus. V.; variously staminate and pistillate,

flowering and fruiting) ; Rock 10,017, Hawaiian Isls. (Bish. ; staminate) ;

Harold St. John & Edward Yataro Hosaka 11,483 A.H., shrub 15 feet

tall, in rain-forest, alt. 4,800 feet, Puu Ahia, Kawaihae, Kohala Mts.,

January 2, 1932 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field; Kew; Par.).

Skottsberg (Meddel. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 157, fig. 19,

a-i. 1936) presents, under L. Gray ana Hillebr., an extended and

critical study of this species, with an appended table (no. 3) of

measurements of the floral parts on certain specimens examined. He

segregates certain specimens from Maui and Lanai as var. centralis

(vide infra) and states that the variety differs from the species proper

"in the more pubescent leaves, and the almost glabrous, trimerous

ovary." From the much larger assortment of specimens available

for my study, it appears that the matter of leaf pubescence is un-

reliable. Some specimens from Hawaii have more pubescent leaves

(as to lower surface) while various specimens from Maui have almost

glabrous leaves. The dimerous ovary of the specimens from Hawaii

seems, however, practically constant and has been relied upon by me

as connoting the species proper. So far as I know, all material from

Maui, Molokai, and Lanai has trimerous ovaries (hence capsules)

and is to be referred to var. centralis.

Remy 362, the type, has one spray of staminate and one spray of

pistillate material. The latter has both flowers and fruits. The

former has several pistillodes and these have extremely delicate,

clavate stigmas about 6 mm. long. In more recently collected speci-

mens the pistillodes have stouter and more cylindric stigmas, exhibit-

ing an approach to the stigmas of true pistils. Indeed, the stigmas as

they protrude partly from the corolla-tube appear so much the same

in staminate and pistillate flowers, that a further examination of the

style and ovary, also the associated anthers (as to whether they are

fertile or sterile) is necessary for positive identification.

494 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Labordia Hedyosmifolia var. /3 centralis (Skottsb.) St. John,

Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus. 12: no. 8: 7. 1936 ; Labordia Grayana var.

centralis Skottsb., Meddel. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 159, fig. 19,

k-r. 1936.

Leaves often slightly more pubescent or setose beneath; capsule

commonly trimerous (at times shorter and more globose).

Type specimen: Collected by Carl Skottsberg, no. 743, Puu Kukui,

West Maui, October 9, 1922 (Goth.).

Distribution: Maui, Molokai, Lanai.

Specimens examined: E. H. Bryan, Jr., 639, small tree, 3 meters

tall, alt. 3,500 feet, in lower rain-forest, Haelaau, West Maui, Decem-

ber 20, 1928 (Field; fruiting); Miss L. M. Cranwell 3,403, near Pe-

peopae Bog, Molokai, September 21, 1938 (Goth.; staminate); Cran-

well 3,503, Pelekunu, Molokai, June 24, 1938 (Goth.; subflowering) ;

Cranwell, 0. Selling, & Carl Skottsberg 2,671 pro parte, Puu Kukui,

West Maui, July 26, 1938 (Goth.; subflowering); iidem 2,6716, on

ridge above Haelaau, West Maui, August 1, 1938 (Goth.; fruiting)

and 2671c, near Haelaau, July 28, 1938 (Goth.; pistillate); Otto Deg-

ener 10,258, in wind-swept rain-forest, near summit of Puu Kukui

[Degener's label says "Mt. Eke"], West Maui, August 29, 1927

(Field; fruiting); Degener 10,259, same locality, August 30, 1927

(Berl.; Deg.; Field; pistillate); Degener 10,266, in rain-forest, Pipe-

line Trail, Olinda, East Maui, June 21, 1927 (Field; post-fruiting);

Degener 10,274, in rain-forest along Papaala Pali, Molokai, June 6,

1928 (Berl.; Field; teratological, with many-flowered, compact

inflorescence as in L. Fagraeoidea var. sessilis); Degener 10,301,

summer, "either Molokai or Maui" (Field; subflowering); G. R.

Ewart III, no. 97, in rain-forest, alt. 4,100 feet, Puu Kukui, West

Maui, December 19, 1928 (Field; pistillate, post-flowering); Ewart

no. 114, alt. 4,300 feet, in rain-forest, Haelaau-Puu Kukui Trail,

West Maui, December 18, 1928 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; staminate);

Charles N. Forbes, Nahiku, East Maui, July, 1910 (Bish.; Field;

Mo.; fruiting); Forbes, with Dr. C. Montague Cooke, Jr., no. 9-M,

Maunahooma, Maui, May, 1910 (Bish.; Mo.; staminate); Forbes

42-M, Hanakaoo, West Maui, May, 1910 (Bish.; Brit.; Field; Par.;

flowering and fruiting) ; Forbes W2-M, lao Valley, West Maui, June,

1910 (Bish.; Brit.; Field; Mo.; fruiting) ; Forbes 204-Mo, mountains

above Puu Kolekole, Molokai, June, 1912 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray;

Mo. ; subflowering) ; Forbes 257-M, Nahiku, East Maui, July, 1910

(Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray; Mo.; fruiting); Forbes 332-Mo, Wailau

Trail, Molokai, August, 1912 (Field; staminate); Forbes 387-M,

GENUS LABORDIA 495

Honokahau Drainage Basin, West Maui, September 25-October 17,

1917 (Bish.; pistillate) ; Forbes 1,688-M, right side of Kipahulu, East

Maui, November 10, 1919 (Bish.; Field; staminate) ; Forbes 2,443-M,

Wailuku Pali, West Maui, May 21, 1920 (Bish.; Field; staminate);

Forbes 2,565-M, east bank of Honomanu Gulch, East Maui, June 21,

1920 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; fruiting; capsules subglobose, about 1 cm.

tall exclusive of rostrum and about 1 cm. thick); Forbes 2,650-M,

west side of Haipuaena Stream, East Maui, June 28-30, 1920 (Bish.;

fruiting) ; Forbes 2,652-M, same locality and date (Bish. ; subfruiting) ;

Forbes 2,680-M, in swamp, alt. 2,000-3,000 feet, mountains above

Hana, Paki, East Maui, July 5, 1920 (Bish.; Field; Kew; staminate

and fruiting) ; Francis R. Fosberg 10,044, bush 0.5 meter tall, flowers

orange-yellow, in moist forest, alt. 1,550 meters, Puu Kukui, be-

tween Haelaau and Nakalalua, West Maui, August 24, 1933 (Field) ;

William Hillebrand, Hawaiian Isls. (Mus. V.; pistillate); Hille-

brand, Haleakala, East Maui (Berl.; staminate); Hillebrand, Heights

of Pelekunu, Molokai (Berl.; U. S.; staminate and pistillate); Hille-

brand, West Maui, July, 1858 (Petrop.; subflowering); Hillebrand,

West Maui, 1870 (Berl.; Gray; staminate); Hillebrand, Lanai, July,

1870 (Berl.); Hillebrand, "Eke Crater" (in reality Puu Kukui fide

C. N. Forbes), West Maui, August, 1870 (Berl.; staminate); Rev.

J. M.Lydgate, Hilo (ex herb. Hillebrandii in Berl.; pistillate); Horace

Mann & William T. Brigham 434, mountain of West Maui (Bish.;

Corn.; Gray; U. S.; pistillate; a form simulating type material of and,

though less so, type plate of L. Fagraeoidea Gaud, and by Mann

[Enum. Haw. PI. no. 383. 1867] finally regarded as that species);

George C. Munro, Puu Kukui, West Maui, September 25, 1916

(Bish.; small, fruiting branchlet, with small, narrowly ovate leaf-

blades only 4-4.5 cm. long and about 2 cm. wide) ; Munro 610, forest

bog, Puu Kukui, September 25, 1916 (Bish.); Munro 620, Puu

Kukui, September 25, 1916 (Bish.; Field; staminate); Joseph F. Rock,

Honomanu, East Maui, May, 1911 (Bish., 2 sheets; staminate); Rock

8,017, main ridge of Lanai, July 25, 1910 (Bish., pistillate); Rock

8,020, highest ridge of Lanai, Lanaihale, July 22, 1910 (Bish., 3

sheets; Field; Gray; Mus. V.; staminate and fruiting); Rock 8041,

Lanaihale, July 25, 1910 (Bish. ; Mus. V. ; flowering and post-fruiting) ;

Rock 8,153 pro parte, Honokawai, West Maui, August, 1910 (Bish.;

pistillate); Rock 8,155, same locality and date (Bish.; staminate);

Rock 8,185, Honokawai Gulch, West Maui, August, 1910 (Bish.,

2 sheets; Mus. V.; flowering and fruiting); Rock 8,538, Honomanu,

East Maui, September, 1910 (Bish.; Mus. V.; staminate); Skottsberg

496 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

743 (type, Goth.; staminate and pistillate); Harold St. John 10,228,

wooded ridge, alt. 4,200 feet, above Honokowai, Haelaau, West

Maui, February 6, 1930 (Bish.; N.Y.; flowering and fruiting; form

with leaves pallid, only slightly hispid below, and approaching those

of species proper; capsules 3-valved).

Labordia Hedyosmifolia var. 7 Rockii Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 584. 1938.

Leaves smaller, shortly petiolate, the petiole more often 1-5

mm. long; blade elliptic-oblong, commonly 2-4.5 cm. long and 1-1.5

cm. wide, glabrous on both surfaces. Inflorescence about 3-flowered.

Corolla ±1.5 cm. long, the calyx a half shorter.

Type specimen: Collected by Rock and Hashimoto, "Eke-Hono-

kahau," West Maui, August, 1910 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in central-northern

West Maui.

Specimens examined: Rock & Hashimoto, "Eke-Honokahau,"

West Maui, August, 1910 (type, Bish.; staminate).

A variety at once distinguished by its small, narrow, entirely

glabrous leaves, as well as by its smaller flowers. A sheet of Mann

and Brigham's specimens (no. 434 in Field Museum) of var. centralis

has a flowering spray with small leaves only 2-3.5 cm. long and at

first sight suggestive of this variety. Its leaves, however, are more

oval and definitely somewhat hispid beneath as in the larger, more

typical leaves of the second spray on the same sheet.

Labordia Hedyosmifolia var. 8 robusta Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 584. 1938.

Terminal internodes hispid. Leaves conspicuously and narrowly

cuneate-obovate, at apex subabruptly rounded and subacuminate,

moderately appressed-hispid beneath, the blade commonly 4-7 cm.

long and 1.5-3 cm. wide. Inflorescence ±15-flowered, in fruit 5-9

cm. wide, branchlets hispid. Sepals more often narrowly linear,

3-5-nerved, hispid at least on dorsal surface, at apex acute, 0.7-1.2

cm. long. Capsule about 1.8 cm. long (including valvular rostra;

body proper about 1.4 cm. long), the two valves conspicuously

cristate-carinate above middle, pedicel hispid and commonly 1.5-1.8

cm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, no. 10,015, Nalehu

(Naalehu) forests, Hawaii, January, 1912 (Bish., 2 sheets).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in southern Hawaii.

GENUS LABORDIA 497

Specimens examined: Rock 10,015 (type, Bish., 2 sheets: cotype,

Gray; fruiting).

Labordia Hedyosmifolia var. e Grayana (Hillebr.) Sherff,

Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 584. 1938; Geniostoma Remyana Baill. Bull.

Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 240. 1880 (fide St. John, Occas. Paps. Bish.

Mus. 12: no. 8: 7. 1936); Labordia Grayana Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls.

290. 1888 (ex syn. Labordia Fagraeoidea sensu A. Grayi); sensu

Skottsb. pro parte, Meddel. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 158, fig. 19,

d and e. 1936; Labordia Remyana Baill. ex Skottsb., op. cit. 156.

Branchlets glabrous. Leaves essentially glabrous, shortly or

moderately petiolate with petiole up to 1.5 cm. long; blade definitely

cuneate-obovate, the broad terminal portion subabruptly rounded

to a short, narrow, subacute tip, 4-8 cm. long and 2-3.5 cm. wide.

Inflorescence 3-15-flowered, less than 5 cm. wide even at fruiting,

glabrous. Sepals linear-oblong or oblong-ovate, glabrous, commonly

5-nerved, 7-15 mm. long. Capsule as in var. robusta but more slender

and slightly shorter, its pedicel glabrous and 5-8 mm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by the United States Exploring Expedi-

tion under Captain Wilkes, Hawaii, 1840 (U.S).

Distribution: Island of Hawaii.

Specimens examined: R. S. Bean (Otto Degener distrib. no.)

10,877, Hawaii (Field); Otto Degener 10,245, in rain-forest, Napau

Crater, December 5, 1929 (Deg.; Field; subflowering and post-fruit-

ing); Degener 10,246, in shaded earthquake crack, near Sulphur

Banks, Kilauea, October 21, 1929 (Deg.; Field; subflowering);

Degener & Y. Iwasaki 10,242, in jungle, milepost, Glenwood, January

3, 1930 (Field; subflowering); Degener, Iwasaki, Brumaghim, & Bar-

tram 10,243, in rain-forest, Napau Crater, January 25, 1930 (Berl.;

Deg.; Field; pistillate); Charles N. Forbes 752-H, kipuka (i.e., an

open, fertile place in forest) in 1855 lava flow, below Halealoha, June

7, 1915 (Bish.; Field, 2 sheets; Kew; Mo.; fruiting); Harold St. John,

Ross S. Bean, & Edward Y. Hosaka 11,212, in wet ohia [i.e., Eugenia

malaccensis L.] forest, alt. 2,700 feet, Napau Trail, Chain of Craters,

Kilauea, December 20, 1931 (Bish.; Field; a form exactly matching

cotype in N. Y.; staminate); U. S. Explor. Exped., Hawaii, 1840

(type, U. S.: cotypes, Gray; N. Y.; staminate).

Asa Gray, working upon material collected on Hawaii by the

United States Exploring Expedition, in 1840, doubtfully referred it

(loc. cit.) to Labordia Fagraeoidea Gaud. Gray noted that his speci-

mens possessed bivalvular capsules. Hillebrand (loc. cit.) excluded

498 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Gray's cited plants from L. Fagraeoidea Gaud, and used them as a

primary basis for his own L. Grayana. Hillebrand included also

Mann and Brigham 434 (which had been referred by Horace Mann —

Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 196. 1867 — to Labordia Fagraeoidea Gaud.),

but that plant is varietally distinct (var. centralis). He included also

material collected by Lydgate on Hawaii. Hillebrand's private her-

barium (now in Berl.) contains a sheet of Lydgate's material from Hilo,

Isl. of Hawaii, and this is clearly identical with the United States

Exploring Expedition type and cotype specimens of L. Grayana.

Unknown to Hillebrand, however, Baillon (loc. cit.) had earlier

described material (Remy 362) specifically (but not varietally) identi-

cal with the real type specimens of L. Grayana and had called it

Labordia Hedyosmifolia. Skottsberg (Meddel. Goteborgs Bot.

Tradgard 10: 156. 1936) cites five names proposed by Baillon and

states: "Not one of these names is accompanied by a description.

Some are vaguely characterized with a few words, but in no case

sufficient for anybody who does not consult Remy's collection to

know what Baillon understood by his species. His names are little

more than nomina nuda." Skottsberg rejects Baillon's earlier La-

bordia Hedyosmifolia on principle, then, but does retain L. Grayana

Hillebr. St. John (op. cit. 5) admits that one of Baillon's five species,

namely L. Echitis, is a nomen nudum but adds: "The remaining four

of Baillon's species. . . .have adequate descriptions, generally includ-

ing habit, stipules, leaves, inflorescences, and flowers." St. John

remarks that "Baillon's types are all collections by J. Remy from the

Sandwich Islands. The specimens are adequate, all but one were

labeled by Baillon, and all are available for study in the herbarium

of the Museum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris." St. John

accepts L. Hedyosmifolia Baill. Nor do the International Rules

permit any other course, for, after all, Baillon's description was a

description, even if unorthodox in its presentation.1

Labordia Hedyosmifolia var. f Skottsbergii Sherff, Amer.

Journ. Bot. 25: 584. 1 938 ; Labor dia Grayana sensu Skottsb. pro parte,

Meddel. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 158, fig. 19, a-c. 1936.

1 As to Skottsberg's criticism regarding the necessity of consulting the Remy

types for the comprehension of Baillon's specific concepts, we may lodge a like

criticism against numerous authors, particularly the pioneers (who wrote when

"species" were few and hence seemed sufficiently well described with a few words

or lines) and some of the modern writers working in large genera. Fortunately,

we have for the present numerous types on which to rely. With the lapse of time,

however, and the destruction of many of these types by use, insects, fires, floods,

etc., the need for full and carefully drawn descriptions will become ever more

urgent.

GENUS LABORDIA 499

Terminal internodes hispid. Leaves petiolate, petiole 1-2 cm.

long; blade obovate or cuneate-obovate, subabruptly rounded and

almost sub-acuminate at apex, along veins beneath moderately else-

where sparsely appressed-hispid, 6-11 cm. long and 3.5-5.2 cm. wide.

Inflorescence open, hispid, ±5-flowered. Calyx 1.2-1.5 cm. tall;

sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3-7-nerved, glabrous or glabrate. Corolla

scarcely 2 cm. tall.

Type specimen: Collected by Carl Skottsberg, no. 590, in forest

above Pahala, south slope of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, September 19,

1922 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in southern Hawaii.

Specimens examined: Skottsberg 590 (type, Bish.: cotype, Goth.;

staminate and fruiting).

The type had been determined by Skottsberg as Labordia Gray ana

Hillebr. (cf. Meddel. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 157. 1936). It

differs at once, however, in having leaf blades hispid (not glabrous)

below, and much larger (6-11 cm. long and 3.5-5.2 cm. wide, not 4-8

cm. long and 2-3.5 cm. wide), also branches of inflorescence and

terminal internodes of branchlets hispid (not glabrous).

Labordia Hedyosmifolia var. ?j kilaueana Sherff, Amer.

Journ. Bot. 25: 585. 1938.

Similar to var. Rockii. Terminal internodes of branchlets gla-

brous. Leaves elliptic-oblong or more rarely oblong-oblanceolate, at

apex subacute, on both surfaces glabrous, blade 3-5.5 cm. long and

1.3-2 cm. wide, petiole 2-6 mm. long. Inflorescence (flowers un-

known) finally glabrous, contracted, in fruit less than 4 cm. across.

Sepals linear-lanceolate, 3-7-nerved, at apex acute, dorsally glabrous,

finally 7-13 mm. long. Capsular valves scarcely 1.5 cm. long includ-

ing crests.

Type specimen: Collected by Francis Raymond Fosberg, no. 10,102,

shrub 1 meter tall, in wet forest, alt. 810 meters, between Makaopuhi

and Napau Craters, Chain of Craters, Kilauea, Hawaii, August 29,

1933 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in southeastern

Hawaii.

Specimens examined : Fosberg 10,102 (type, Bish.: cotype, Field;

fruiting).

Labordia Hedyosmifolia var. 0 magnifolia Degener & Sherff,

var. nov.

500 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Ramuli glabri. Folia ut in var. Gray ana sed majora et magis

membranacea, petiolo usque ad 2 cm. longo, lamina 8-11 cm. longa et

3.5-5 cm. lata. Sepala paulum angustiora et longiora quam pro var.

Grayana.

Branchlets glabrous. Leaves as in var. Grayana but larger and

more membranaceous, the petiole up to 2 cm. long, the blade 8-11 cm.

long and 3.5-5 cm. wide. Sepals slightly narrower and longer than in

var. Grayana.

Type specimen: Collected by Otto Degener, no. 1,599, perhaps at

Kilauea, Hawaii, in 1922 or 1923 (Field).

Distribution: Eastern Hawaii. The type label had been lost but

the collector wrote on sheet, "either from Kilauea, or possibly from

Pauoa Flats, Oahu." In view of the recent rediscovery of this vari-

ety on Hawaii, it seems probable that the type came from Kilauea.

Specimens examined : Lucy M. Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, & Carl

Skottsberg 3,256, in fern forest, "23 miles," along road, Hilo-Kilauea,

September 13, 1938 (Goth.; pistillate); Degener 1,599 (type, Field;

post-flowering).

The type has a loose, glabrate inflorescence about 5 cm. across.

The slender sepals are mostly 1.5-1.7 cm. long and apically acute.

The leaves are notably thin and pallid. They suggest those of var. f

Skottsbergii, a variety differing at once in the hispid terminal inter-

nodes of its branchlets.

Labordia Hedyosmifolia var. i Hosakana Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 584. 1938.

Branches numerously nodose, branchlets angulate and densely

tomentose-hispid; stipules ±4 mm. tall, externally hispid and her-

baceous below but glabrate and hyaline above. Petioles densely

hispid and 3-10 mm. long; blades now short-ovate now obovate, on

upper surface glabrous and impressedly nerved, on lower surface

salient-nerved and more or less hispid along the nerves, at apex

submucronate or acute or even rotund, at base rotund or more or less

cuneate, at margins often irregularly revolute, commonly 1.5-6 cm.

long and 1-3.4 cm. wide. Inflorescence sessile, umbellate-contracted,

included by the leaves, 7-20-flowered. Sepals distinct, linear-oblong

or linear-subulate, externally glabrate or sparsely white-setose,

marginally subdiaphanous and often conspicuously ciliate, length-

wise 3-7-nerved, 7-14 mm. long. Corolla slender or slightly ventri-

cose below, outwardly glabrous or sparsely setose, about 1.5-2.5 cm.

GENUS LABORDIA 501

long, tube about 0.8-1.5 cm. long, lobes lanceolate and internally

white-setose. Pedicel sparsely setose, ±6 mm. long, its bractlet very

slenderly elongate-linear and 7-10 mm. long. Capsule globose-ovoid,

3-valved, the mature ovary glabrous and about 1 cm. long, style

(rostrum) glabrous or sparsely setulose and about 3-4 mm. long;

valves sharply carinate above. Staminate flowers not examined.

Type specimen: Collected by Edward Yataro Hosaka, no. 679,

shrub 4 feet tall, on denuded ridge, alt. 2,500 feet, Kipapa Gulch,

south ridge, Waipio, Koolau Range, Oahu, July 4, 1932 (Bish.).

Distribution: Kipapa Gulch to Aiea, Koolau Range, Oahu.

Specimens examined: Degener, Park, Potter, &Bush 10,152a, on

wind-swept summit, Kipapa Trail, Koolau Range, June 2, 1935

(Berl.; Deg.; Field; Gray; Kew; pistillate, flowering and fruiting);

Degener, Salucop, & Arlantico 11,553, on wind- and rain-swept sum-

mit, C. C. C. Trail, Aiea, December 6, 1937 (Deg.; Field; sterile);

Degener, Takamoto, & Martinez 10,542, shrub 2 feet tall, at wind-

swept summit, C. C. C. Trail, Aiea, March 15, 1936 (Deg. ; Field, 2

sheets; subflowering) ; Francis R. Fosberg 9,729, on exposed ridge, alt.

860 meters, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, August 6, 1933 (Field; flowering

and fruiting) ; Hosaka 679 (type, Bish.: cotype, Field; flowering and

fruiting).

This variety was named for Mr. Hosaka, who collected not only

the type but also numerous other specimens of Labordia, all of which

he very generously placed at my disposal. Some of the stems exam-

ined are closely invested with fine moss, and the whole habit is that

of a very scraggly, dwarfed, much branched shrub. The umbellate-

contracted, numerously flowered inflorescence and tomentose-hispid

branchlets give an appearance suggestive of Labordia Fagrae-

oidea var. sessilis. The more often ovate and usually shorter, irregu-

larly revolute leaves of var. Hosakana, however, also their more

conspicuous venation and the elongate, narrow, frequently ciliate,

acute sepals separate it satisfactorily from that variety. By some

botanists, the Hosaka type might be taken to represent a new species

(and by myself it was indeed so considered originally) . With L. Hedy-

osmifolia, however, it is joined most conclusively through L. Hedy-

osmifolia var. centralis, a variety present on Maui, Molokai, and

Lanai, but absent on Oahu, and offering within its range of varia-

tions many close counterparts to the several fades observable in var.

Hosakana.

502 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

7. Labordia venosa Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 579. 1938.

Shrubby or perhaps becoming a tree; branchlets subterete,

brownish-gray, toward their tip (for 1-4 internodes) antrorsely and

arcuately appressed-setulose, elsewhere glabrous. Leaves delicately

petiolate; petiole submarginate, hispidulous, 0.8-1.5 cm. long; blade

obovate or obovate-oblong, at margins subrepand-entire, at base

gradually at apex more or less abruptly narrowed, 6-10 cm. long and

2-4.5 cm. wide, numerously and conspicuously veined, coriaceous and

subglabrous above, on lower surface conspicuously hispidulous along

both large and small veins but elsewhere glabrous. Stipules auricu-

loid, intrapetiolar, conspicuous, 2-4 mm. tall. Inflorescence terminal,

sessile, compact, 3-4 cm. in diameter at flowering, in fruit 4-6 cm.

in diameter, 10-30-flowered; ultimate pedicels noticeably hispid, at

flowering ±2 mm. but in fruit up to 1 (rarely 1.5) cm. long. Calyx

pubescent below, glabrous above, 4-6 cm. long, deeply (almost to the

base) 5-lobed; lobes linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, 1-2 mm. wide,

at apex obtuse or subacute. Corolla about 1 cm. long, very sparsely

pubescent outside, 5-lobed, the linear lobes acute and 4-5 mm. long,

tube up to 3.5 mm. thick. Capsule black, 2-merous, (1-) 1.2-1.6

(rarely-1.8) cm. long; valves outwardly more or less puberulous,

toward apex conspicuously carinate.

Type specimen: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, no. 8,627, Ukulele-

Waikamoi, East Maui, October, 1910 (1st type sheet, Bish. ; flowering

material) and by Charles Noyes Forbes, no. 762-M, Ukulele, East

Maui, July, 1919 (2nd type sheet, Bish.; fruiting material).

Distribution: Northeastern East Maui.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener 10,267, in rain-forest, Pipe-line

Trail, Olinda, June 26, 1927 (Field; fruiting); Degener 10,268, same

locality, June 20, 1927 (Deg.; Field; fruiting); Degener 10,270, same

locality June 27, 1927 (BerL; Deg.; Field; fruiting); Degener &

D.LeRoy Topping 10,263, same locality, July 30, 1927 (Deg.; Field;

subflowering) ; Charles N. Forbes, Keanae Gap, Haleakala Crater,

August 7, 1919 (Bish.) ; Forbes 152-M, woods near Ukulele, above

Olinda, July, 1910 (Bish.; fruiting) ; Forbes 637-Af, Keanae Pali, east

of Ukulele, July 17, 1919 (Bish.; sterile); Forbes 760-M, Ukulele,

July, 1919 (Bish.; subflowering and post-fruiting); Forbes 762-M

(Bish., 2nd type sheet; fruiting); Forbes 882-M, east of Ukulele,

July 20, 1919 (Bish. ; sterile) ; Forbes 888-M, same locality, July 21-23,

1919 (Bish.; fruiting) ; Forbes 963-M, Ukulele, July 27, 1919 (Bish.;

Field; fruiting) ; Forbes 1,080-M, Keanae Gap, Haleakala, August 7,

1919 (Bish.; subflowering) ; Forbes 1,237-M, north slope of Haleakala,

GENUS LABORDIA 503

August 23, 1919 (Bish.; Field; fruiting) ; Forbes 1,253-M, Ukulele,

August 4, 1919 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray; variously staminate and

pistillate); Joseph F. Rock 8,538, Honomanu, September, 1910 (Bish.;

pistillate); Rock 8,627 (Bish., 1st type sheet; Mus. V.; staminate).

The specimens studied had been determined as L. Gray ana Hillebr.,

which reduces to L. Hedyosmifolia var. Grayana. From L. Hedy-

osmifolia and its varieties, especially the sometimes simulating var.

centralis, it differs in numerous characters of foliage, flowers, and

fruits, but can be distinguished perhaps most easily by its lower leaf

surfaces. These have a conspicuously reticulate venation, often

with 15-25 principal veins on each side of the mid vein. While the

areolae of lower leaf-surface enclosed within the reticulations are

glabrate, the lower surfaces of the veins themselves are densely

hispid with short, curved, sharp, closely investing setae.

Forbes 152-M, from woods near the type locality, differs from

the other fruiting specimens cited in having capsules barely 1 cm.

long and pedicels mostly about 1.5 cm. long. Enough evidence to

warrant varietal segregation, however, seems lacking.

8. Labordia Wawrana Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 579. 1938.

Branches brownish-gray, subterete, nodes often numerous,

stipules distinct; terminal internodes densely hispidulous, drying

subangular and reddish-black. Leaves disposed at and near ends of

branchlets, oblong-oblanceolate, at apex subabruptly acuminate,

membranaceous, glabrous above, hispidulous beneath, 1-2 dm.

long and 3-6 cm. wide, with ±20 principal lateral veins to each side,

more often gradually narrowed into a margined petiole, this hispidu-

lous and commonly less than 1 cm. long. Inflorescence cymose, 15-

30-flowered, conspicuously hispid, cernuous. Flowers (only the

staminate known) slender. Calyx hispid, deeply cut often to the

very base, 10-12 mm. long, lobes linear-subulate. Corolla white-

hispid with short hairs outside and long ones inside; tube 11-16 mm.

long and commonly 2-3.5 mm. thick; lobes linear-subulate, 8-9.5

mm. long. Anthers oblong-linear, about 2.5-2.7 mm. long. Pistil-

lode about 13-14 mm. long; its style slender, densely (unless at top)

spreading-setose, produced above the sepals into a very narrowly

obconic stigma about 4.5 mm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Heinrich Wawra, no. 2,2006,

Waialeale, Kauai, between end of December, 1869, and May 1,

1870 (Mus. V., 2 sheets).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in central Kauai.

504 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Specimens examined: Wawra 2,200& (2 type sheets, Mus. V.;

staminate).

9. Labordia mauiensis Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 580. 1938.

Dwarf shrub ±3 dm. tall; branches sometimes prostrate and

rooting, otherwise suberect; branchlets angulate and glabrous;

stipules less than 2 mm. tall, often imperfectly connate. Leaves

glabrous, gradually narrowed below to a petiolate base; petiole

marginate, 3-10 mm. long; blade elliptic-oblanceolate, pallid, at

apex subobtuse or subacute or rarely subacuminate, submembrana-

ceous, when dry commonly revolute, 3-6.5 cm. long and 8-15 mm.

wide; principal lateral nerves 4-6 to each side, subobscure above

but moderately plain beneath. Inflorescence cymose-corymboid, not

exserted, commonly 5-15-flowered, more often 2-3.5 cm. long and

3-4 cm. wide, glabrous (or sometimes loosely setulose upon the

branchlets), bractlets linear and about 4 mm. long. Calyx deeply

(almost or entirely to the base) cut, now glabrous now hispidulous;

lobes oblong-linear or lanceolate, at apex obtuse or acute, 3-5-

nerved, narrowly hyaline-margined, now (as on type) 4-6 now even

5-10 mm. long. Corolla outwardly glabrate or pubescent, inwardly

white-hispid, tube 1-1.5 cm. long and 1-4 or even up to 6 mm. thick,

lobes narrowly or widely lanceolate and 4-6.5 mm. long. Anthers

linear, sterile about 2 mm. fertile about 2.2 mm. long. Pistillode

about 13 mm. long; its ovary black when dry, conic, very sparsely

setulose, about 5 mm. long; style filiform, hispid below, about 4-5

mm. long; stigmas narrowly obconic, papillate-pubescent, 3-4 mm.

long. Pistil (immature) about 8 mm. long, ovoid-conic, toward

base subglabrate, elsewhere conspicuously and densely erect-hispid,

style not distinct.

Type specimen: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, Nahiku Stream,

East Maui, May, 1911 (Bish.).

Distribution: Northeastern East Maui.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener 10,264, in dense, dark rain-

forest, Pipe-line Trail, Olinda, June 21, 1927 (Berl.; Deg.; Del.;

Field; Gray; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Mus. V.; Par.; U.S.; pistillate);

Rock, Nahiku Stream, May, 1911 (type, Bish.: cotypes, Gray;

Mus. V.; staminate).

Rock had regarded this as a new species but did not describe it.

10. Labordia glabra Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 291. 1888.

a. Corolla externally glabrous or glabrate; sepals linear to ovate-

lanceolate; plants native of Maui.

GENUS LABORDIA 505

b. Capsule short-globose, about 1.2 cm. tall; plant of West Maui.

L. glabra sensu stricto.

b. Capsule more elongate, ovoid, 17-19 mm. tall; plant of East

Maui var. 0 orientalis.

a. Corolla externally hispid; sepals broadly ovate; plant native of

Oahu var. 7 latisepala.

Mostly glabrous; branchlets angulate, terminal 1 or 2 internodes

at times sparsely setulose, stipules connected in an entire or emargi-

nate ring. Leaves oblanceolate or even narrowly obovate, at times

sparsely appressed-hispid underneath especially near veins, cuneately

narrowed from middle into a slender sparsely hispidulous petiole

7-15 mm. long, at apex suddenly and distinctly acuminate, membra-

nous, not pallid when dry, blade 7-14 cm. long and 2-4 cm. wide.

Flowers solitary or perhaps at times 2 or 3; peduncle glabrous, 4-8

mm. long, beset above its base with 2 bractlets, these linear-lanceolate

and about 6 mm. long. Calyx lobes subequal, linear-lanceolate or

at fruiting ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, equaling corolla-tube in length.

Corolla glabrous outside, puberulous inside; tube 7-10 mm. long and

4-5 mm. thick; lobes spreading-reflexed, 7-10 mm. long. Capsule

short-globose, about 1.2 cm. tall, 3-valved, valves more or less

incurved-rostrate at apex but not definitely carinate.

Type specimen: Hillebrand cited first Waihee and next Wailuku

as the localities for this species. The Waihee sheet has two remaining

sprays of flowering material, collected by Rev. J. M. Lydgate, Valley

of Waihee, West Maui, August, 1870. The Wailuku sheet carries

a collection number 139, doubtless of Hillebrand's own collecting,

and bears three sprays of fruiting material. Hillebrand's description

of the flowers clearly was based on the Waihee and, of the fruits,

on the Wailuku specimens (Berl.).

Distribution: Northeasternmost part of West Maui.

Specimens examined: Hillebrand, Wailuku (2nd type sheet,

Berl.; fruiting); Lydgate, Valley of Waihee, August, 1870 (1st type

sheet, Berl.; flowering).

Labordia glabra var. /3 orientalis Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.

25: 588. 1938.

Capsule more elongate, ovoid, 17-19 mm. tall (including the

2-3.5 mm. long rostrum), valves now 3 now only 2; sepals mostly

linear.

Type specimen: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, no. 10,344, Hono-

manu, northeastern East Maui, May, 1911 (Bish., 2 sheets).

506 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Distribution: Eastern part of East Maui.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 1,644-M, ridge, left side

of Kipahulu Valley, southeastern East Maui, November 15, 1919

(Bish.; post-fruiting); Rock 10,344 (2 type sheets, Bish.: cotype,

Mus. V.; fruiting).

The Forbes material had been determined at Bishop Museum,

apparently by Forbes himself, as a variety of L. glabra Hillebr., and

the 2-valved capsule had been noted on the sheet ("capsule not 3-

valved"). Rock had made a special study of his own no. 10,344 and

determined it, under date of April 6, 1914, as L. glabra Hillebr.

The elongate fruits are quite distinct, however, from the short,

globose ones of the species proper (both type sheets of which are

now before me). It is evident that the Rock and the Forbes speci-

mens represent a geographic variety native to East Maui and

easily recognized, at least when fruits are present, from the species

proper of West Maui.

Labordia glabra var. 7 latisepala var. nov.

Foliorum petioli glabri. Florae 2 vel 3; sepalis moderate lateve

ovatis, margine diaphano ciliatoque latioribus, quam corollae extus

albo-hispidae tubo plerumque brevioribus.

Leaf -petioles glabrous. Flowers 2 or 3; sepals moderately or

broadly ovate, with the diaphanous and ciliate margin wider, com-

monly shorter than the outwardly white-hispid corolla-tube.

Type specimen: Collected by Edwin H. Bryan, Jr., no. 837, a

small tree 5-6 meters tall, flowers orange-yellow, in moist rain-

forest, alt. 2,300 feet, Kaluanui, Oahu, October 14, 1934 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in northeastern-

most Oahu.

Specimens examined: Bryan 837 (type, Bish.: cotype, Field;

pistillate).

11. Labordia Cyrtandrae Baill. ex Skottsb. Meddel. Goteborgs

Bot. Tradgard 10: 156. 1936; cf. St. John, Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus.

12: no. 8: 5, and pi. 1. 1936; Geniostoma Cyrtandrae Baill., Bull.

Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 239. 1880; Labordia hypoleuca Deg. Fl. Haw. fam.

302, Aug. 10, 1932; cf. St. John, op. cit. 10: no. 4: 4. 1933.

Leaves densely appressed-pilosulous beneath; sepals lanceolate,

acuminate L. Cyrtandrae sensu stricto.

Leaves sparsely or on veins moderately to densely appressed-setu-

lose beneath; sepals narrower, often almost filiformly narrowed

from near base var. ft nahikuana.

GENUS LABORDIA 507

Shrub 2-3 meters tall; young branches green, fleshy, terete,

granular-puberulent or appressed-pilosulous; youngest nodes gela-

tinous; branches stout, the bark becoming smooth and brown;

innovations from the uppermost axils below the inflorescence;

stipules united into a sheath, 3-6 mm. tall, remotely ciliate, mem-

branous, pointed or emarginate midway between the petioles; leaf-

axils with many subulate glands, these 0.6-0.8 mm. long and white

but blackening on drying. Leaf -petioles green, appressed-pilosulous,

1-5 cm. long and 3-8 mm. in diameter; blades broadly and at times

somewhat obovately elliptic to ovate-elliptic, moderately or broadly

cuneate at base, short-acuminate at tip, nearly glabrous and dark

glossy-green above, below whitish and appressed-pilosulous, 7-26

cm. long and 2-14.5 cm. wide, the principal lateral veins 7-13 on

each side and curved towards apex. Inflorescence a terminal, 2-

forked, 8-82-flowered cyme, the recurved branches 1-4 cm. long and,

like the pedicels, appressedly and antrorsely pilosulous with whitish

hairs; bractlets 3-6 mm. long, linear, white-pilosulous; flowers

sessile or on pedicels, these thickened towards the tip and 1-17 mm.

long. Sepals 5-6, pale green, lanceolate, acuminate, unequal,

pilosulous, 6-11 mm. long, the tips somewhat convolute. Corolla in

bud convolute (the lobes closed to the apex), pale greenish-yellow,

shading to whitish at base, glabrous or slightly pilosulous without,

sparsely pilosulous within the tube and the base of the lobes, 2.6-3.7

cm. long; tube cylindric, 1.5-2.3 cm. long and 3-5 mm. in diameter;

the five lobes reflexed, subulately linear-lanceolate, 8-13 mm. long;

anthers lanceolate, pale yellow, attached from their median points to

the base of the sinuses of the corolla lobes, 3-4 mm. long, their tip

with a stout ovate apiculation, the base cleft one-fourth of the

length. Pistillode about 2 cm. long; its ovary subulate, gradually

tapering above, with a hispid band just above the middle; style

glabrous, about 4 mm. long; stigma 7 mm. long, clavate, 2 mm.

thick, green, white-hispidulous especially towards tip, often also

with a faint crease towards tip. Capsule fusiform, terete or nearly

so, bivalved, 1.8-5 cm. long and 8-12 mm. thick, valves carinate

near apex, the acute rostrum flattened perpendicular to the septum

(and appearing as an extension of the valvular keels) and extending

5 mm. or more beyond the tip of the locules, the dehiscence loculi-

cidal from the tip or from both the tip and the base; seeds imbedded

in a yellowish pulp, asymmetrically ovoid, white or pale brown,

2.5-3.5 mm. long, their testa with a conspicuous light cellular net-

work, the hilum linear and nearly as long as the flattened side of the seed.

508 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Type specimen: Collected by Jules Remy, no. 3586is, on moun-

tains, Oahu, April, 1855 (Par., 2 sheets).

Distribution: Northeastern Oahu, in the Koolau Mountains.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener, K. Park, & Y. Nitta 4,174, in

wet forest, at summit of Pig-God Trail, Punaluu, June, 1932 (Deg., 4

sheets; Field, 2 sheets; type and cotypes of L. hypoleuca Deg.; stami-

nate and subfruiting) ; Degener, Park, Colin Potter, William Bush, &

D. LeRoy Topping 10,000, in wet, forested gully, Kipapa Trail to

Koolau summit, June 2, 1935 (Deg., 2 sheets; Field; staminate);

iidem 10,001, on rich, wet slope in rain-forest, west of Poamoho Trail,

Laie, August 25, 1935 (Deg.; Field; sterile); Degener, K. Park,

& Gordon Shigeura 10,017, in wet, shady glen, Waimano Trail near

summit, Koolau Range, October 6, 1935 (Deg.; Field; sterile);

Degener, Park, Bush, Potter, & Topping 10,021, in woods near sum-

mit, Anahulu Trail, Koolau Range, June 16, 1935 (Deg. ; staminate) ;

Charles N. Forbes, Koolauloa Mts., between Punaluu and Kaipapau,

November 14-21, 1908 (Bish. ; staminate) ; Forbes, Makaha Valley,

February 12-19, 1909 (Field; subflowering) ; Forbes &C.L. Thompson,

same locality, May 3-8, 1909 (Berl.; Field; Gray; Kew; Mo.; Par.;

staminate); Francis R. Fosberg 9,551, bush 1.5 meters tall, alt. 450

meters, in wet forest, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, June 12, 1933 (Bish.;

Field; staminate) ; Fosberg 10,345, bush 1 meter tall, alt. 430 meters,

in wet forest at bottom of gulch, ridge southeast of Maakua Gulch,

Koolau Mts., Hauula, October 15, 1933 (Bish.; Field; fruiting);

Fosberg 14,234, shrub 4 dm. [sic!], leaves pallid beneath, flowers

pale yellow, in dense shade, wet forest, alt. 450 meters, Laie Trail,

Kahawainui Ihiihi, Laie, Koolau Mts., July 24, 1937 (Field; stami-

nate); William Hillebrand, Wahiawa, April (Berl., sub nom. L.

membranacea Mann.; subflowering); E. Y. Hosaka, shrub 5 feet

tall, in moist gully, alt. 1,500 feet, Waikakalaua Gulch, Koolau Mts.,

April 6, 1930 (Bish.; Field; subflowering); Hosaka 602, in moist

gully, alt. 1,500 feet, Kipapa Gulch, south ridge, Koolau Mts.,

July 4, 1932 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Kew; staminate and subfruiting);

Hosaka 1,002, shrub 4 feet tall, in wet gully, alt. 1,700 feet, Kipapa

Gulch, Koolau Mts., May 6, 1933 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray; subflow-

ering and post-fruiting); Hosaka 1,062, shrub 5 feet tall, alt. 1,500

feet, Kipapa Gulch, 2nd north fork, Koolau Mts., June 11, 1933

(Bish.; Field); Hosaka 1,063, shrub 4 feet tall, in wet gully, alt.

1,500 feet, south ridge, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts., July 4,

1932 (Bish.) ; Remy 3585is (Par., one of two type sheets; subflowering;

the other type sheet known to me only through St. John's plate

GENUS LABORDIA 509

made from it); Harold St. John 10,464, shrub 8 feet tall, on wet,

wooded slope, alt. 1,600 feet, Waikakalaua Gulch, Koolau Mts.,

April 6, 1930 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field; Par.; pistillate); Harold St.

John & Edward Yataro Hosaka 10,567, same place, September 14,

1930 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field; Gray; Kew; Par.; fruiting); Hein-

rich Wawra 2,252, Oahu, 1868-71 (Mus. V.; subflowering).

Additional specimens studied and cited by St. John but not

available to me are: Edward P. Hume 558, shrub 10 feet tall, in

small wet valley, near trail, alt. 1,800 feet, Kaluanui-Punaluu

Divide, Kaluanui, Koolau Mts., May 8, 1932.

St. John's full description, based upon "abundant material of

this species," has been reproduced here with few modifications. St.

John appears to have overlooked the undoubtedly dioecious habit

of the flowers. He ignored their unisexuality (cf. Skottsberg, Med-

del. Goteborgs Bot. Tradgard 10: 153. 1936: "flowers which, to

judge from the anthers . . . seem to be staminate in St. John's"

[specimens]). His description apparently was drawn from staminate

material at anthesis (although he cited flowering material which is

seen to be pistillate) and from pistillate material in fruit. His

description of the pistil refers in truth to the pistillode instead.

Labordia Cyrtandrae var. /3 nahikuana var. nov.

Folia plerumque paulo minora angustioraque, apice interdum

magis attenuato-acuminata, infra sparsim vel secundum venas

moderate denseve adpresso-setulosa; sepalis angustioribus, saepe

basi excepta fere filiformi-angustatis; inflorescentiae ramorum setulis

brevioribus ac minus perspicuis. Corolla circ. 2 cm. longa, lobis

lanceolatis et circ. 7-8 mm. longis. Capsula ignota.

Leaves averaging somewhat smaller and narrower, at times more

attenuate-acuminate at apex, sparsely or on veins moderately to

densely appressed-setulose beneath; sepals narrower, from shortly

above base often almost filiformly narrowed; branches of inflores-

cence with shorter and less conspicuous hairs. Corolla about 2 cm.

long, its lobes lanceolate and about 7-8 mm. long. Capsule not seen.

Type specimen: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, Nahiku, East

Maui, May, 1911 (Gray).

Distribution: Northeasternmost East Maui.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 244-M, Nahiku, July,

1910 (Bish.; Field; sterile); Joseph F. Rock, Kailua Ditch, Hono-

manu, May, 1911 (Bish.; Gray; staminate); Rock, Keanae, perhaps

510 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

same date (Field; subflowering) ; Rock, Nahiku, May, 1911 (type,

Gray: cotype, Bish.; subflowering).

Rock (in herb.) had construed the Nahiku specimens as repre-

senting a new species and the other specimens as representing still

another new species. The Nahiku material is seen to be only varie-

tally distinct, however, from Labordia Cyrtandrae, a species unknown

at the time to Rock. The remaining specimens exhibit variations

in certain respects, but a comparative study of L. Cyrtandrae proper

reveals much the same variations and indicates the unwisdom of

attempting to segregate the Honomanu and Keanae plants from the

Nahiku plants.

12. Labordia Baillonii St. John, Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus. 12:

no. 8: 9, pi. 4- 1936; Labordia Echitis Baillon, Bull. Soc. Linn. Par.

1: 239. 1880 (nom. nudum).

Shrub (?); branches stout, somewhat tetragonal; bark smooth,

yellowish; stipules chartaceous, intrapetiolar, united into a loose

sheath 3-5 mm. tall. Leaf-petioles 1-2 cm. long, above glabrous

and grooved, beneath more or less hirsutulous; blades firm-charta-

ceous, elliptic-ovate, at apex abruptly subacuminate, at base cuneate

and tapering to the petiole, marginally entire, below paler green and

sparsely subappressed-hirsutulous, 7-10.5 cm. long and 3.2-5.8 cm.

wide. Inflorescence a terminal cyme, sessile, about 4-5 cm. tall,

15-18-flowered, sparsely hirsute; bractlets linear, tapering, 2-5 mm.

long; pedicels 4-14 mm. long, hirsute, especially at apex. Sepals 5

or 6, 4.5-7 mm. long and two-thirds to three-fourths the length of

the corolla-tube, somewhat hirsutulous towards base, outer ones

2-2.5 mm. wide, ovate-lanceolate below, long-acuminate above,

palmately 5-7-nerved, the marginal nerves heavy and prominent

towards tip; inner ones 1-1.5 mm. wide, lanceolate below, long-

acuminate above. Corolla yellowish (?), firm, glabrous outside,

sparsely hirsutulous inside at base of lobes; tube 7-11 mm. long,

about 2 mm. in diameter, slightly contracted below the throat, the

5 lobes 8-10 mm. long, lanceolate-linear. Anthers narrowly oblong,

acutely pointed at apex, 3.5-4 mm. long. Pistillode about 1.5 cm.

long, slender-fusiform at base, with a slender style and a narrowly

ellipsoid and papillose apex. Pistillate flowers and fruits unknown.

Type specimen: Collected by Jules Remy, no. 3636ts, Island of

Hawaii, 1851-55 (Par.).

Distribution: Known only from Hawaii.

Specimens examined : See discussion following.

GENUS LABORDIA 511

Material of this species does not appear to have been collected

since Remy's time. Nor have I been able to find the type itself

among the specimens in Paris, although the type was studied by

St. John as recently as 1936. In the complete absence of representa-

tive material among the specimens of Labordia studied by me, I

have been compelled to rely upon St. John's carefully detailed

description and satisfactory half-tone plate (loc. cit.).

13. Labordia membranacea H. Mann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7:

197 (Enum. Haw. PI. 386). 1867.

Leaf-blades variously broad-oblong to obovate, 0.8-2.7 dm. long and

4-12.5 dm. wide; cyme usually 12-24-flowered; plant native of

Oahu L. membranacea sensu stricto.

Leaf-blades oblongly or elliptically oblanceolate, 4-11 cm. long and

1.6-3.7 cm. wide; cyme 1-7-flowered; plant native of East Maui.

var. ft exigua.

Shrub about 2 meters tall or becoming a small tree; ultimate

branches thick, herbaceous, terete to more or less angular, short-his-

pidulous with brown hairs. Stipules connected in a commonly

entire ring. Leaves petiolate, petioles exalate, often stout, scurfy-

pubescent, rufous, 0.6-2.5 cm. long; blades variously broad-oblong

to obovate, apically acuminate, basally cuneate or rarely rounded,

marginally subentire, 0.8-2.7 dm. long and 4-12.5 cm. wide, in living

state rather fleshy and succulent, when dry membranaceous, dark

green and shining or somewhat dull on glabrous upper surface,

beneath pale and appressed-hispidulous with short and sharp, dark-

rufous setulae, the principal lateral nerves more often 9-12 to each

side. Cyme usually 12-24-flowered, subsessile, open or much con-

tracted, with diverging branches, 3-5 cm. in diameter, viscous-

pubescent or hirsute, dark-rufous; pedicels 2-3 mm. long at an thesis;

bractlets capilliform-subulate, 1.5-3 mm. long. Calyx rufo-pubes-

cent, about 6 mm. long, divided to near base into subequal linear

or subulate lobes. Corolla externally and internally glabrous or

sparsely setulose, pale-stramineous; the slender tube dilating above,

10-14 mm. long, the erect or spreading lobes half as long. Pistillode's

stigmatic portion clavate, densely white-pubescent, about 5 mm.

long and 1 mm. thick. Capsule ovoid-fusiform, 1.5-1.8 cm. thick,

2-valved; valves externally glabrous, distinctly carinate toward apex,

about 3.8 cm. long exclusive of terminal rostrum (this 5-6 mm. long).

Type specimen: Collected by Horace Mann and William T.

Brigham, no. 149, on mountains above Honolulu, Oahu, May 4,

512 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

1864-May 18, 1865 (herbarium not cited, but the Gray Herbarium

and Cornell University specimens perhaps have equal claim to being

considered as the type).

Distribution: "On the lee slopes of the Koolau Mountains from

Nuuanu Valley eastward" (St. John, Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus. 10:

no. 4: 6. 1933), Oahu.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 1,486-0, "lateral" on east

side of Nuuanu Valley, March 22, 1910 (Bish. ; Mo. ; subflowering and

fruiting) ; Forbes (with J. C. Bridwell) 2,438-0, on wet slope in dense

shade, ridge, right-hand side, Waialae Iki, March 2, 1917 (Bish.;

subflowering); Francis R. Fosberg 13,550, shrub 3 meters tall, in

moist forest, alt. 500 meters, Cliff Trail, Koolau Mts., Manoa,

January 17, 1937 (Bish.; Field; fruiting); William Hillebrand,

Hawaiian Isls. (U. S.; staminate); Hillebrand, Palolo (Berl.; flower-

ing and post-fruiting); Hillebrand, Pauoa, January, 1870 (Berl.;

staminate) ; Hillebrand, Wailupe Valley, April, 1870 (Berl.; stami-

nate); Hillebrand & Rev. J. M. Lydgate, Oahu (Bish.; staminate);

Hillebrand & Lydgate, Wailupe (Bish.; pistillate); Mann & Brigham

149 (type collection, Corn.; Gray; subflowering); Heinrich Wawra

2,284, Oahu (Mus. V.; staminate).

For note as to Hillebrand's erroneous description of the capsule

of this species, see under L. olympiana (p. 515).

The type description omits the capsules, nor does Mann's type

material have them. It may be noted that Mann cited the "moun-

tains above Honolulu" for the type station. I have therefore relied

upon Forbes 1486-0 for my description of the capsules. This col-

lection was made on the east side of Nuuanu Valley, which extends

directly and northeastwardly from the main part of Honolulu. The

mature capsules have valves distinctly carinate toward their apex.

In this respect they differ conspicuously from those of a form known

to me definitely as yet only from the somewhat more distant Mt.

Olympus, and which I must assume not to have been the form

studied by Mann (vide L. olympianam infra).

Labordia membranacea var. ft exigua Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 588. 1938.

Leaves smaller; petiole 0.5-3 cm. long; blade oblongly or ellipti-

cally oblanceolate, at apex acuminate, more or less gradually nar-

rowed below middle all the way to the petiole, 4-11 cm. long and

1.6-3.7 cm. wide. Inflorescence 1-7-flowered. Calyx 7-8 mm. long.

Capsule unknown.

GENUS LABORDIA 513

Type specimen: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, Honomanu, East

Maui, May, 1911 (Bish.).

Distribution: Northeastern East Maui.

Specimens examined: Joseph F. Rock, Waikamoi ditch trail,

Ukulele, September, 1910 (Bish.; staminate); Rock, Honomanu,

May, 1911 (type, Bish.; staminate).

Distinguished from the species proper by its smaller and pro-

portionately narrower leaves.

14. Labordia Degeneri Sherff ex Degener, Fl. Haw. Aug. 24.

1938.

Leaves when dry a pallid bluish- or grayish- green ; capsule compressed,

its valves distinctly carinate nearly or quite to base.

L. Degeneri sensu stricto.

Leaves when dry brownish-green; capsule more or less obcompressed,

valves weakly or obsoletely carinate toward apex but otherwise

ecarinate var. 0 subcarinata.

Shrub ±3 meters tall; branchlets gray, terete, at first hispidulous

but finally more or less glabrate. Leaves disposed at ends of branch-

lets, the petiole variously 0.5-3 cm. long; blade more often oval or

ovate, more rarely obovate, at apex abruptly contracted and acute

or subacuminate, at base rounded or widely cuneate, glabrous

above, sparsely or moderately appressed-hispid beneath, at least

when dry a pallid bluish- or grayish-green, 2-8 cm. long and 1.5-4.3

cm. wide. Inflorescence sessile, umbellately contracted, more often

3-15-flowered, the bractlets very narrowly oblong-linear. Flowers

subsessile. Calyx glabrate; lobes linear or acutely lanceolate,

dorsally up to 5-nerved, marginally somewhat translucent, 5-8

(finally even 14) mm. long. Corolla outwardly glabrate; tube ±11

mm. long; lobes linear, spreading or reflexed, ±6 mm. long. Pistil-

lode (mature) unknown. Pistil about 5.5 mm. long at anthesis;

stigma slender-cylindric, ±2.8 mm. long, hispidulous on lengthwise

ridges; style one- third as thick, glabrous, about 1 mm. long; ovary

slenderly conic-ovoid, mostly glabrous. Capsule solitary at tip of

branchlet, compressed (not obcompressed), in lengthwise outline

cuneate-oblong or toward apex subobtusely and arcuately narrowed,

glabrate, not shiny, about 3 cm. long, 2-valved; valves medianly

carinate on dorsal surface (unless toward base), at apex very shortly

rostrate, rostrum only about 1-2 mm. long.

Type specimen: Species based on two type sheets. First sheet

(subflowering material): Otto Degener, no. 10,248, Waineke Swamp,

514 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Kokee, Kauai, July 1, 1926 (Field). Second sheet (fruiting material) :

Degener, no. 10,252, in wet ravine, Kokee Camp, Kauai, June 25,

1926 (Field).

Distribution: Northwestern Kauai.

Specimens examined: Degener 10,248 (type, 1st sheet, Field: co-

type, Deg.; pistillate); Degener 10,252 (type, 2nd sheet, Field;

fruiting) ; Degener 10,256, in rain-forest, Kokee Camp, June 23, 1926

(Berl.; Deg.; Field; Gray; fruiting); Degener 10,257, "almost cer-

tainly Kauai," summer, 1926 (Deg.; Field; subflowering) ; Mrs.

Juliet Wichman 2,940, Kalalau Trail, Kokee region, August 15,

1938 (Goth.; fruiting).

The two mature capsules on the second type sheet are brownish-

black. A third capsule, somewhat less mature, is on the same sheet.

This is distinctly pallid. The capsules are much the largest for the

several Kauai species of Labordia, being approached in size only by

the carinate-valved capsules of the habitally very different Labordia

Helleri var. macrocarpa. This exceedingly interesting species was

dedicated to Otto Degener, in grateful recognition of the important

part which his numerous specimens of Labordia had played in

facilitating my monographic research upon the genus.

Labordia Degeneri var. 0 subcarinata var. nov.

Folia sicca brunneo-viridescentia infra paulo hispidiora setis

saepe brevioribus. Capsula paulo brevior, plus minusve obcom-

pressa, valvis extus interdum plus minusve subnitidis, apicem versus

aegre obsoleteve carinatis aliter ecarinatis, 2-2.6 cm. longis.

Leaves becoming brownish-green when dry, somewhat more

hispid beneath with often shorter setae. Capsule a little shorter,

more or less obcompressed, its valves at times more or less sub-

glossy externally, weakly or obsoletely carinate toward apex else-

where ecarinate, 2-2.6 cm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N. Forbes, no. 9SQ-K, in

Waimea Drainage Basin, west side, July 3 to August 18, 1917 (Bish.).

Distribution: Northwestern Kauai.

Specimens examined: Forbes 346-Jf, Kaholuamanu, September,

1909 (Bish.; Field; Gray; staminate) ; Forbes 980-X, (type, Bish.;

fruiting) ; Forbes 987-K, Waimea Drainage Basin, west side, July 3-

August 18, 1917 (Bish.; Field; Mo.; subflowering) ; Forbes 1,044-K,

Kalalau Trail, same locality and date (Bish.; subflowering) ; Francis

R. Fosberg 12,676, shrub 3 meters tall, fruits [immature] white, under

GENUS LABORDIA 515

side of leaves pallid, in wet forest, alt. 1,250 meters, plateau at head

of Kalalau Valley, December 29, 1935 (Field; subfruiting) ; Joseph

F. Rock 5,247, Kaholuamanu, September, 1909 (Bish. ; subflowering) ;

Rock 5,916, same locality and date (Bish.; staminate); Olof H.

Selling 3,101, Nualolo Trail, Kokee region, August 21, 1938 (Goth.;

fruiting).

Through this variety, L. Degeneri makes an illusory approach to

L. pallida var. hispidula of the same region. Var. subcarinata differs,

however, in having leaves proportionately shorter, broader, more

rounded and less attenuate-elongate at each end, drying more of a

brownish-green instead of a yellowish-green, much less densely and

finely hispid on lower surface (in L. pallida var. hispidula the mid-

ribs have, underneath their proximal half, as many as 15-30 setulae

abreast, while in var. subcarinata this portion of the midrib is sparsely

hispid, with 1-5 setae abreast); also in having capsular valves

definitely though somewhat inconspicuously carinate toward apex.

15. Labordia olympiana Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 580.

1938; Labordia membranacea sensu Rock, Indig. Trees Haw. Isls.

405, pi. 161*. 1913 (non Mann).

Small tree, 3-5.5 meters tall. Leaves similar to those of L. mem-

branacea but perhaps less hispid with brown or dark-rufous setulae,

at base more rounded, at apex less attenuated. Inflorescence few-

flowered, flowers similar to those of L. membranacea; calyx 8-11 mm.

long. Capsule bivalved, variously conic-ovoid or ovoid-fusiform or

cylindric-ovoid, 2-4 cm. long and 1.1-1.8 cm. thick; valves ecarinate,

at apex not or very obsoletely rostrate.

Type specimen: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, Mt. Olympus Trail,

Oahu, 1912 (Bish., 2 sheets).

Distribution: Southeastern Oahu.

Specimens examined: Rock, Mt. Olympus Trail, 1912 (2 type

sheets, Bish.; flowering and fruiting).

Rock (loc. cit.) included this form with L. membranacea Mann.

His "three-flowered cyme," "valves not ridged at the back," and

"Mt. Olympus trail, where it is a small tree 10 to 18 feet in height"

are clearly taken from the data pertaining to the 2 type specimens

of L. olympiana. His description of the calyx-lobes as being 1.5 cm.

long is doubtless a misprint. The entire calyx of L. olympiana is

under 11 mm. long (and in L. membranacea it is only ±6 mm. long).

Hillebrand (Fl. Haw. Isls. 292. 1888) seems to have been un-

familiar with this species. His description of the capsule of L.

516 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

membranacea Mann would falsely appear per se to have been drawn

really from L. olympiana's capsule. On this point, however, his

herbarium specimens of L. membranacea (Berl.) are conclusive.

Only his Palolo specimen has any fruit at all and this a single rudi-

ment of a year previous to that of collecting. The inflorescence had

produced 3 capsules. Of these the reticulated fibrovascular system

of the mostly disintegrated exocarp remains, capped in each case by

a rudiment of the capsular rostrum. In one instance the membranous

interior shell of the capsule persists and is evidently the basis for

Hillebrand's misleading description of the capsule for L. mem-

branacea: "conico-elongate, about 12 lines in height, the pergamene-

ous valves not ridged at the back."

More material of L. olympiana is much to be desired, that the

foliar and floral characters, as distinguished from those of L. mem-

branacea, may be more closely drawn.

16. Labordia hirtella H. Mann, Enum. Haw. Plants no. 385

(Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 196). 1867.

a. Leaves glabrate or finally very glabrous.

b. Principal leaves mostly under 8 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide;

plant native of Molokai var. i\ laevis.

b. Principal leaves mostly over 10 cm. long and 3 cm. wide; plant

native of East Maui var. e hakakalana.

a. Leaves pubescent beneath, at least along the veins.

b. Calyx-lobes more or less ovately dilated at base,

c. Calyx glabrate; plants natives of Hawaii and Molokai.

d. Upper half of sepals capilliform-subulate.var. 8 microcalyx.

d. Upper half of sepals linear-subulate to triangular-lanceolate.

e. Leaves densely hispidulous beneath with very short

hairs; plant native of Hawaii var. e imbricata.

e. Leaves sparsely appressed-setose beneath with rather

long, shining hairs; plant native of Molokai.

var. i laevisepala.

c. Calyx pubescent; plant native of East Maui.

var. e haleakalana.

b. Calyx-lobes not or but slightly dilated at base,

c. Leaf-blades 2.5-6 cm. long and 1-2 (-2.6) cm. wide.

d. Leaves mostly oblanceolate and rather narrowly so,

densely fine-pubescent beneath; calyx externally more

or less pubescent var. /3 microphylla.

GENUS LABORDIA 517

d. Leaves obovate or at times oval-oblong to ovate, sparsely

setulose beneath or glabrate except along veins; calyx

glabrous or glabrate var. 7 sororia.

c. Leaf-blades commonly (and at least when membranous)

larger, 6-12 cm. long and 2-4.3 cm. wide.

d. Leaf -blades mostly obovate or oblanceolate.

e. Calyx pubescent L. hirtella sensu stricto.

e. Calyx glabrous var. * laevisepala.

d. Leaf-blades ovate-oblong or scarcely oblong-subobovate;

calyx glabrous or glabrate var. f hispidior.

Shrub or small tree, irregularly much branched; branchlets

slender, sharply angular or even subalate, pubescent or all but

terminal 1 or 2 internodes usually becoming glabrate; stipules low

and highly variable. Leaves mostly obovate or oblanceolate more

rarely oval or widely elliptic; petiole hispid, 2-15 mm. long; blade

glabrate above, pubescent and pale beneath, at apex short-acuminate,

below middle more or less cuneately narrowed, now coriaceous and

small (3-6.5 cm. long and 1.2-2.5 cm. wide) now membranous and

larger (up to 12 cm. long and to 4.3 cm. wide). Cyme 3-9 (in Molo-

kai material to 20)-flowered, open and loose, its spreading-hispid

branches rather long and slender and mostly reflexed, ultimate

pedicels mostly 3-7 mm. long at anthesis, their slender filiform-

linear pubescent bractlets about 4 mm. long. Calyx pubescent,

0.3-0.5 the length of the corolla-tube, cleft to the base into the 5

linear-lanceolate (or even filiform-linear) finely acuminate or sub-

ulate lobes, these at anthesis 4-7.5 (-9) mm. long. Corolla pale

yellow, glabrous outside and inside, the tube 10-12 (-16) mm. long,

the slender acute lobes about 5-6 (-10) mm. long. Pistillode's style

very filiform and protruding 6-8 mm. above calyx, ending abruptly

in the narrowly obovoid stigma, this about 2 mm. long. Capsule

ovoid-elongate, somewhat conical toward apex, 2-valved, minutely

and subsparsely appressed-hispidulous, 2.3-2.7 cm. long (including

the stylar beak of 2-3 mm.) and 8-10 mm. thick, valves rounded

and not carinate.

Type specimen: Collected by Horace Mann and William T.

Brigham, no. 335, on the summit of Lanai, 1864-1865 (herbarium

not cited; the Gray Herbarium and Cornell University Herbarium

specimens would of course have best claims to being considered the

type, although this is of little consequence, since the various speci-

mens of the type number, 335, are identical).

518 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Distribution: Lanai, eastern Molokai, and Maui.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener 10,273, shrub 2-4 feet tall, in

rain-forest, Mapulehu, almost overlooking Wailau Valley, Molokai,

June 9, 1928 (Berl.; Deg.; Field, 2 sheets; fruiting); Degener 10,277,

in rain-forest, East Fork of Kawela Gulch, Molokai, June 11, 1928

(Field; subfruiting) ; Charles N. Forbes 369-L, Lanai, September,

1917 (Bish.; sterile) ; Forbes 2,544-M, Halehaku Ridge, right side of

valley, northern East Maui, June 16, 1920 (Bish.; sterile); Forbes

2,586-M, west bank of Honomanu Gulch, northeastern East Maui,

June 23, 1920 (Field; staminate) ; Forbes 2,588-M, trail up west bank

of Honomanu, same date (Bish.; Field; staminate); William Hille-

brand, Hawaiian Isls. (Mus. V.; subflowering) ; Hillebrand, Lanai,

1870 (Berl.; Gray; staminate); Hillebrand, Lanai, July, 1870 (Berl.;

staminate); Hillebrand, Molokai (U. S.; subflowering and fruiting);

Hillebrand, Molokai, 1870 (Gray; subflowering and fruiting); Hille-

brand, heights near Pali of Pelekunu, Molokai, July, 1870 (Berl.;

fruiting); Hillebrand, Maunahui, Molokai, June, 1870 (Berl.; sub-

flowering) ; Hillebrand & Rev. J. M. Lydgate 97, West Maui (Bish. ;

staminate); Mann & Brigham 335 (type collection: Corn.; Gray;

Mo. ; U. S. ; flowering and fruiting) ; George C. Munro 237, Lanaihali,

Lanai, June 29, 1915 (Bish. ; staminate) ; Joseph F. Rock, Molokai

(Bish.; staminate); Rock, Wailau Pali, Molokai, 1910 (Mus. V.;

fruiting); Rock 7,045, alt. 2,750 feet, dense forest, Wailau Pali,

Molokai, April 15, 1910 (Bish., 2 sheets; Gray; fruiting); Rock 7,069,

stunted shrub 4-5 feet tall, trail to Wailau Pali, Molokai, April,

1910 (Bish., 2 sheets; Gray; Mus. V.; subflowering).

At first sight, the Molokai material seems varietally distinct

from Mann and Brigham's type collection on Lanai, in having

larger leaves and larger and more numerous flowers (12-20 in a cyme

instead of 3-11). Hillebrand, however, collected a perfectly con-

necting range of intermediate specimens on the small type island,

Lanai, and on studying these one is compelled to follow Hillebrand

(loc. cit.) and J. F. Rock (in herb.) in regarding the Molokai and

Lanai (and the above cited Maui) specimens as identical.

Labordia hirtella var. 0 microphylla Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls.

292. 1888.

Leaves numerous, mostly oblanceolate and rather narrowly so,

tapering into a somewhat elongately acuminate apex, blade 3-6 cm.

long and 1-2 (-2.5) cm. wide, densely fine-pubescent beneath.

Corolla tube 6-9 mm. long. Capsule 2 cm. long, on more or less

GENUS LABORDIA 519

elongate (±3 cm.) pedicel, the 2 valves slightly but distinctly cari-

nate at apex.

Type specimen: Collected by William Hillebrand, Kaanapali,

West Maui, August, 1870 (Berl.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in extreme-western

West Maui.

Specimens examined : Hillebrand, Kaanapali, West Maui, August,

1870 (type, Berl., staminate and fruiting: staminate flowering

branch from type, U. S.); Hillebrand & Rev. J. M. Lydgate, West

Maui (Bish.; subflowering).

Labordia hirtella var. 7 sororia Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 25:

582. 1938.

Leaves numerous, obovate or at times oval-oblong to ovate, at

apex subabruptly or somewhat gradually acuminate, sparsely setu-

lose beneath or glabrate except along the veins, mostly 2.5-5 cm.

long and 1.3-2.6 cm. wide. Pedicels (at least above) and sepals

glabrate. Corolla tube slender or thick (1.2-3 mm.), 8-10 mm. long.

Anthers of sterile flowers cream-white, linear, about 2.2 mm. long.

Pistillode spreading-pilose below with whitish hairs, its filiform

stylar portion protruding in age 4—4.5 mm. past sepals and ending in

a linear or narrowly obovoid stigmatic portion about 2.5 mm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, no 8,152, altitude

of 4,000 feet, Honokowai Gulch, West Maui, August 24, 1910 (Bish.).

Distribution: Central and northwestern West Maui.

Specimens examined: Lucy M. Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, & Carl

Skottsberg 2,671 pro parte, Puu Kukui, July 26, 1938 (Goth.; stami-

nate) ; Charles N. Forbes 103-M , lao Valley, West Maui, June, 1910

(Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray; Kew; Mo.; Par.; staminate); Joseph F.

Rock 8,151, Hawaiian Isls. (Bish.; subfruiting) ; Rock 8,152 (type,

Bish.: cotypes, Berl.; Field; Gray; Kew; Mus. V.; staminate); Rock

8,180, West Maui (Bish., 2 sheets; staminate).

Labordia hirtella var. 8 microcalyx Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls.

292. 1888.

Leaves large, obovate to oblanceolate, subabruptly acuminate,

more membranous, pale and subappressedly hispid underneath,

blade 7-15 cm. long and 2.6-5.5 cm. wide, petiole mostly only 5-10

mm. long. Calyx glabrate, its lobes 3.5-5 mm. long, ovately dilated

below (and narrowly linear above) middle; pedicel sparsely to

moderately hispid. Corolla-tube slender, 1-1.2 cm. long. Pistillode

520 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

white-hairy below, its filiform style protruding about 7 mm. above

calyx; stigmatic portion narrowly oblong, about 2.2 mm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Rev. J. M. Lydgate, in woods, Hilo,

Hawaii, April, 1871 (Berl.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in northeastern-

most Hawaii.

Specimens examined : William Hillebrand & Rev. J. M. Lydgate,

Hilo, Hawaii (Bish. ; staminate) ; Lydgate, woods, Hilo, April, 1871

(type, Berl.: type fragment, U. S.; staminate).

Labordia hirtella var. e haleakalana Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 582. 1938.

Branchlets conspicuously corky- winged. Leaves oblong or

obovate, abruptly short-acuminate, blade 5-15 cm. long and 2.5-6.5

cm. wide, minutely somewhat pubescent beneath, especially along

veins; petiole glabrous or glabrate, 5-14 mm. long. Calyx as in var.

microcalyx but pubescent. Corolla-tube slender, 12-14 mm. long.

Pistillode's style extending ±9 mm. past the calyx, the stigmatic

enlargement at apex linear-oblong and ±3.2 mm. long. Capsule

glabrate, up to 3.7 cm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, no. 8,626, "Ukulele

Waikamoi Haleakala," East Maui, October, 1910 (Bish.).

Distribution: Northeastern East Maui.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener, sine num., in extreme rain-

forest, Koolau Gap, Haleakala Crater, June 17, 1927 (Field; frag-

ment, subflowering); Degener 10,262, in rain-forest along Pipe-Line

Trail, Olinda, July 30, 1927 (Field; staminate); Degener 10,265,

same locality, June 21, 1927 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; flowering and post-

fruiting); Degener 10,269, same locality, June 20, 1927 (Berl; Deg.;

Field; fruiting); Degener 10,271, in dense rain-forest, same locality,

June 16, 1927 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; staminate; teratological material,

flowers closely aggregated in small clusters; leaves and calyx gla-

brous); Degener 10,302, same locality, June 17, 1927 (Berl.; Deg.;

Field; subfruiting) ; Charles N. Forbes 160-M, in woods near Ukulele,

above Olinda, July, 1910 (Bish.; Field; fruiting) ; Forbes 207-M, in

woods above Olinda, July, 1910 (Bish., 2 sheets; staminate); Forbes

741-Af, Ukulele, July, 1919 (Bish.; fruiting) ; Forbes 750-M, same

locality and date (Bish. ; subflowering) ; Forbes 925-M, same locality,

July 25, 1919 (Bish.; subflowering) ; Forbes 1,153-M, north slope of

Haleakala, August 15, 1919 (Bish.; subflowering); Rock 8,626 (type,

Bish.: cotype, Gray; staminate).

GENUS LABORDIA 521

Labordia hirtella var. f hispidior Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.

25: 582. 1938.

Branchlets densely antrorse-hispid. Petioles more often very

hispid, ±1 cm. long; blades ovate-oblong or scarcely oblong-subobo-

vate, at apex acuminate, at base widely cuneate, on upper surface

glabrous, on lower surface distinctly hispid with setae arcuate and

(when dry) straw-colored, 6-8 cm. long and 2-3.5 cm. wide. Inflor-

escence loose, ±20-flowered. Calyx glabrous or glabrate, 7-8 mm.

long. Pistillode's style hardly or slightly surpassing the sepals; its

stigma slenderly cylindric, ±4 mm. long. Capsule not known.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles Noyes Forbes, no. 43-M,

Hanakaoo, West Maui, May, 1910 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in westernmost

West Maui.

Specimens examined: Forbes 43-M (type, Bish.; staminate);

Joseph F. Rock 8,153 pro parte, Honokawai, August, 1910 (Bish.;

subflowering).

Rock collected three specimens under his no. 8,153. One of them

is cited here but a second (the third, while vegetatively matching

the second, is sterile) is distinguished quickly by its larger and more

strongly nerved sepals and must be referred to L. Hedyosmifolia var.

centralis. It is interesting to note that Hillebrand (Fl. Haw. Isls.

292. 1888) experienced difficulty in separating L. hirtella at times

from L. Hedyosmifolia. Thus he wrote: "In Lanai, where both it

and the latter species [our L. Hedyosmifolia var. centralis] occur

together, it is often difficult to assign a flowering specimen to one or

the other on account of the variable length of the calycine lobes."

Labordia hirtella var. t\ laevis Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 25:

582. 1938.

Branchlets more or less curly-winged; leaves glabrate or finally

very glabrous.

Type specimen: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, no. 16,012, Kamoku,

Molokai, April, 1918 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality on southern slope

of eastern Molokai.

Specimens examined: Rock 16,012 (type, Bish.; staminate).

Labordia hirtella var. 0 imbricata Degener & Sherff, var. nov.

Sepala plus minusve glabrata; demum ±1 cm. longa, graciliter

3- vel 5-nervata, diaphano-marginata, ovato-lanceolata, infra dila-

tata imbricataque.

522 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Sepals more or less glabrate; when fully developed ±1 cm. long,

delicately 3- or 5-nerved, diaphanous-margined, ovate-lanceolate,

below the middle dilated and overlapping.

Type specimen: Collected by Otto Degener, no. 10,253, ravine

mauka of road at elevation with considerable rainfall, along road 17

miles from Kohala toward Waimea, Hawaii, August 14, 1926 (Field).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in northwestern

Hawaii.

Specimens examined: Degener 10,253 (type, Field: cotypes, Berl.;

Deg.; subflowering and subfruiting).

The slender, elongate, immature capsules examined in the type

collection are essentially glabrous and up to 2.9 cm long.

Labordia hirtella var. i laevisepala Degener & Sherff, var. nov.

Inflorescentia ramulis pedicellisque brevioribus minus aperta

vel expansa. Calyx glaber vel inferne interdum sparsim hispidulus,

plerumque 4-6 mm. altus; sepalis supra subulatis infra lanceolatis

vel saepius ovato-subdilatatis margine angusto-diaphanis. Corolla

brevior, tubo 6-8 (rarius -12) mm. longo.

Inflorescence less open or expanded, because of the shorter

branchlets and pedicels. Calyx smooth, or at times sparsely his-

pidulous below, commonly 4-6 mm. tall; sepals subulate above,

lanceolate or more often ovate-subdilated below, narrowly diapha-

nous at the margin. Corolla shorter, its tube 6-8 (more rarely -12)

mm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Otto Degener, no. 10,280, growing

about 6 feet tall, inflorescence drooping, corolla pale yellow, in rain-

forest, at upper end of Hanalilolilo Pipe-Line, Molokai, April 24,

1928 (Field, 2 sheets).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in eastern Molokai.

Specimens examined: Degener 10,280 (type, 2 sheets, Field:

cotypes, Berl.; Deg.; staminate).

17. Labordia waialealae Wawra, Flora 55: 516. 1872; op. cit.

58: 286. 1875.

Densely branched shrub about 1.2-1.8 meters tall; woody parts

grayish-brown at least when dry, pubescent; branchlets divaricate,

slender and mostly very nodose, the comparatively delicate inter-

nodes numerous and often only 3-7 mm. long. Leaves petiolate;

blade oval to obovate, apically rounded and at times short-acuminate,

basally more or less cuneate, thin, often drying with a bluish-gray to

GENUS LABORDIA 523

bluish-black color, in live state light green and on upper surface

glistening, glabrous or on lower surface (especially on nerves) some-

what hispidulous, usually 1-2.5 cm. long but at times 5-7 cm. long

and 3-4 cm. wide, often revolute; principal lateral nerves commonly

3 or 4 to a side; petiole slender or margined, up to 12 mm. long;

stipules externally pubescent, internally glabrous and shining.

Flowers mostly 3-20 in terminal cymes (occasionally solitary or

clustered at tip of dwarf lateral branchlet and then perhaps seemingly

axillary); fruiting pedicles blackish, pubescent below, about 6 mm.

long; bractlets linear-filiform, 2-4 mm. long. Sepals linear-subulate,

marginally more or less hyaline, glabrous or glabrate, obscurely

nerved, 4-5 mm. long and mostly less than 1 mm. wide; corolla yel-

low, 8.5-10 (rarely -17) mm. long, glabrous or very remotely white-

setulose outside, hispidulous within, the lobes irregularly 1-3.5

(-7) mm. long, tube 4.5-7.5 (-10) mm. long; anthers slightly exserted;

pistillode extending about halfway up corolla-lobes, its sometimes

slightly or very deeply cleft stigma slenderly cylindric and ±3 mm.

long; pistil drying black or blackish, at anthesis pubescent and ±8

mm. long; ovary cylindric-fusiform, at first surpassed by calyx, 2-

carpellate, soon glabrous or merely beset with a few white setae;

style short (up to 2 mm.), equaling or exceeding the erect stigmata;

capsule ovoid, smooth, dehiscent now from the apex downward now

from the base upward, about 13 mm. or with persistent style about

15 mm. tall, the valves cristate-carinate at top; pulp copper-colored

to orange-colored.

Type specimen: Collected by Heinrich Wawra, no. 2120, some-

what rare, in woods at the side of Waialeale toward the sea, Kauai,

1868-1871 (Mus. V.).

Distribution: Kauai, vicinity of Alakai Swamp; also in south-

eastern Molokai if we may rely upon the accuracy of the label for

Faurie's plant.

Specimens examined: Lucy M. Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, &

Carl Skottsberg 2,827, Kilohana, north end of Alakai Swamp,

August 13,1938 (Goth.; post-fruiting); Cranwell, Selling, & Skotts-

berg (similarly) 2,827, trail to Lehuamakanoi, August 16, 1938

(Goth.; staminate); Cranwell, Selling, & Skottsberg 2,975, in forest

near Kawaikoi Stream, near northwestern corner of Alakai Swamp,

August 16, 1938 (Goth.; fruiting; the dried pulp orange-colored,

whence Wawra's description of the pulp, "aeruginea," is seen to

mean copper-colored rather than, as given in the dictionaries, the

color of copper-rust, that is, greenish); Otto Degener 10,249, small

524 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

bush about 4 feet tall, not in wet situation, Waineke Swamp,

Kokee, Kauai, June 28, 1926 (Deg.; Field, 2 sheets; staminate);

Degener 10,250, same locality and date (Deg.; Field; staminate, pistil-

lode about 13 mm. long, its slender style about 3 mm. long, stigma

about 4.3 mm. long and 1 mm. thick, in one of the 3 flowers examined

cleft almost to its base); Abbe Urbain Faurie 452, Kamalo (spelled

Kamolo by Faurie), Molokai, June, 1910 (Bish.; sterile, but differing

vegetatively in no way from Kauai specimens); Charles N. Forbes

331-K, Kaholuamanu behind Waimea, Kauai, September, 1909

(Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray; Kew; Mo.; pistillate, flowering and sub-

fruiting) ; Forbes 405-K, same locality and date (Bish.; Field; stami-

nate and post-fruiting) ; Forbes 896-K, Alakai Swamp, Kauai, July

3-August 18, 1917 (Berl.; Field, 2 sheets; Gray; Kew; in vegetative

state); Forbes 904-K, same locality and date (Bish.; staminate);

Forbes 910-K, same locality and date (Berl.; Bish.; Field; sub-

flowering); Francis R. Fosberg 12,756, shrub 1.5 meters tall, alt.

1,200 meters, wet forest, Alakai Swamp, near Lehuamakanoi, Kauai,

January 3, 1936 (Field; staminate); Albert S. Hitchcock 15,459, alt.

3,600-5,080 feet, Waialeale, Kauai, October 22-24, 1916 (U. S.;

staminate) ; Joseph F. Rock 4,873, woods of Kaholuamanu, Kauai,

September, 1909 (Bish.; subflowering) ; Rock 5,250, Kaholuamanu,

September, 1909 (Bish.; in vegetative state); Rock 5,251, Lehua-

makanoi Ridge, Kauai, September 6, 1909 (Gray; subflowering);

Rock 5,252, same locality (Bish.; staminate); Rock 5,892, trail to

Lehuamakanoi, September 6, 1909 (Field; subflowering); Rock 5,894,

trail to Kahana Valley, Kauai, September 10, 1909 (Bish.; stami-

nate); Rock 5,898, Ridge of Lehuamakanoi, Kauai, September 6,

1909 (Bish.; staminate); Rock 5,899, Kaholuamanu Forest, Kauai,

September 6, 1909 (Bish.; staminate); Rock 8,885, Waialeale, Kauai,

October, 1911 (Bish., 2 sheets; Gray; in vegetative state); Carl

Skottsberg 959, Alakai Swamp, Kauai, October 27, 1922 (Goth.;

vegetative); Harold St. John, Edward Y. Hosaka, Edward Hume,

et al. 10,734, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, northwest end of Alakai

Swamp, Kauai, December 27, 1930 (Bish.; N. Y.; fruiting); Wawra

2,120, somewhat rare, side of Waialeale toward the sea, Kauai, end

of December, 1869, to May 1, 1870 (type fragment, Goth.; fruiting).

There is evident a high degree of habital, especially foliar poly-

morphism among the specimens included here under L. waialealae,

in fact so much so that originally I attempted to differentiate the

forms into two or more species or varieties, though without success.

Recently (1938) Skottsberg restudied the plants in their native

GENUS LABORDIA 525

habitat and concluded at least provisionally that there were two

distinct forms. On receipt of word from him to this effect, I re-

considered my above treatment but was again unable to accomplish

a segregation. Under date of March 22, 1939, Dr. Skottsberg writes:

"As regards the two forms of Labor dia waialealae, which you find it

impossible to distinguish, they are so unlike each other when alive

that they cannot be confused, but I suppose the flowers are identical."

One can only hope that the matter of species delimitation here will be

investigated by future field workers, who certainly should give

serious consideration to the possibilities of hybridization and to the

effect of unlike growth conditions.

18. Labordia Lydgatei C. N. Forbes, Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus.

6: 176 and plate. 1916.

Shrub or small tree, branchlets pubescent and angulate. Leaves

more or less cuneately narrowed below into a very short (2-4 mm.)

or long (5-15 mm.) sparsely hispidulous petiole; blade elliptical or

broadly oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, acuminate at apex, gla-

brous above, moderately appressed-hispidulous beneath, 5-10 cm.

long and 2-3 cm. wide. Cyme open, delicate, irregularly pilose, 6-21-

flowered, branches and ultimate pedicels capillary. Calyx glabrous,

about 2 mm. tall, parted to near base into basally triangular-ovate

upwardly linear-subulate sepals. Corolla glabrous externally, pilose

internally, pale yellow, its slender tube 4-5 mm. long; lobes linear-

subulate, 2-3 mm. long. Capsule globose, smooth, not winged, 2-

valved, 4 mm. thick.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N. Forbes, no. 179-K, on

ridges near the swamp, Wahiawa Drainage Basin, Kauai, August,

1909 (Bish.). Forbes cited Lydgate's specimen before his own, and

had to rely upon the Lydgate plant for the fruiting characters. His

illustrative plate was taken from his own no. 179-K, however, and his

citation of "ridges near the swamp" for the type locality, shows that

he had in mind as his type this same collection number (Lydgate

gave merely "Wahiawa Mts." for the locality).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in southernmost

Kauai.

Specimens examined: Forbes 179-K (cotype, Field; staminate);

Forbes 2Q4-K, Wahiawa Mts., August, 1909 (Field; Mo.; staminate);

Rev. J. M. Lydgate, same locality (Bish.; staminate).

My description of the capsule is taken entirely from Forbes'

original text, based upon a fruiting specimen collected by Lydgate,

526 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

not seen by me. Forbes remarks upon the small size of the capsule,

stating that it is smaller than that of any other species of Labordia

known to him. It may be added that the minute calyx and corolla,

also the capillary branches of the delicate cyme, are additional

diagnostic characters of value. The leaves apparently tend to dry

blackish on their upper surface.

19. Labordia Helleri Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 581. 1938;

Labordia Tinifolia var. 7 Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 293. 1888 (as to

description and first cited material, a specimen from Kauai, found

to be Knudsen 199 in the Hillebrand herbarium at Berlin).

Capsules about 1.2-1.3 cm. long L. Helleri sensu stricto.

Capsules 1.5-2.4 cm. long var. /3 macrocarpa.

Shrub or medium-sized tree, glabrous; branches more or less

grayish, terete, scarcely divaricate. Leaves upwardly somewhat

close together, petiolate with petioles slender and 7-15 mm. long;

blades membranaceous, elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, pallid, at

apex shortly acuminate, at base cuneately contracted, at margin

entire or very obsoletely denticulate, smooth, 4.5-10.5 cm. long and

1.7-4 cm. wide; principal lateral nerves subobsolete, very delicate,

commonly 5-7 to a single side. Flowers paniculate-cymosely dis-

posed, ±25 in an inflorescence; branches of inflorescence opposite,

delicate, glabrous, divaricate; peduncle 0.5-2 cm. long, pedicels

finally ±1 cm. long. Calyx glabrous, about 2 mm. tall; lobes ovate-

cordate, at apex acute, at margin conspicuously straw-yellow, at

base more or less auriculate, at least 1 mm. long. Corolla thickish-

cylindric; tube externally glabrous, internally white-pilose, 6-8 mm.

long and up to 2.5 or at the throat to 3 mm. thick, sometimes up-

wardly naiTowed; lobes cordate-ovate, spreading, acute, marginally

straw-colored when dry, about 1.7 mm. long; anthers slightly ex-

serted ; pistillode's head exserted for half its length. Pistillate flowers

unknown at anthesis. Capsules ovoid, at apex conspicuously and

very sharply mucronate, about 12-13 mm. long, bivalved; valves

longitudinally and reticulately veined on outer surface.

Type specimen: Collected by Amos Arthur Heller, no. 2,579, on

the ridge west of the Hanapepe River, Kauai, July 17, 1895 (Field).

Distribution: Haupu Range to west of the Hanapepe River,

southeastern Kauai.

Specimens examined: Heller 2,579 (type, Field: cotypes, Berl.;

Bish.; Corn.; Gray; Kew; Minn.; N. Y.; Par.; Petrop.; fruiting at

Gray and N. Y., elsewhere staminate); Heller (similarly) 2,579,

GENUS LABORDIA 527

ridge west of Hanapepe River, August 22, 1895 (Mo., 1 sheet of

staminate and 1 sheet of fruiting material; N. Y., staminate; U. S.,

staminate and fruiting on same sheet); Valdemar Knudsen 199,

Kauai (herb. Hillebrand in Berl. ; fruiting) ; St. John, Hosaka, Hume,

et alii 10,990, tree 20 feet tall, alt. 800 feet, Napali Coast, Hanaka-

piai, January 2, 1931 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; fruiting); St. John,

Fosberg, Oliveira 13,810, slender shrub 8 feet tall, flowers white,

pendulous, hairy inside, alt. 3,600 feet, Kumuwela Ridge, Waimea,

December 28, 1933 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Par.; staminate).

Easily distinguishable from L. Tinifolia, with which it has hereto-

fore been confused, by the shape and yellowish margins of its calyx-

lobes and by the acutely ovoid fruits, these being (under a lens)

conspicuously and reticulately lengthwise-veined. The existence of a

variety (macrocarpa} with comparatively gigantic fruits but with the

same peculiarities of shape and external venation to the fruits lends

additional support (if such be needed) to the segregation of this form

as a distinct species.

Hillebrand (loc. cit.) described his L. Tinifolia var. 7 in the few

words: "Capsules ovoid, acute, 6" long." He cited "Kauai! Maui!

Kaanapali; Lanai! leaves small obtuse, almost rounded at the base;

Hawaii !" for the distribution.1 The Lanai material, as also that from

Hawaii and West Maui, has been separated by me as L. Tinifolia

var. lanaiensis.

The material from the first cited locality, i.e., Kauai, is still

extant in Hillebrand's herbarium (Berl.). It was collected by Knud-

sen, no. 199, and matches Heller's specimens closely. Heller (Minn.

Bot. Studs. 1: 877. 1897) stated that his specimens were obtained

"from a medium-sized tree" in July.

Labordia Helleri var. /3 macrocarpa Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.

25: 582. 1938.

Shrub or small tree ±4.5 meters tall. Capsules acute, oblongly

or lanceolately ovoid, more often 1.5-2.4 cm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Amos Arthur Heller, no. 2,868, on

Kaholuamanu above Waimea, Kauai, October 1-8, 1895 (U. S.).

Distribution: Kauai.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes 378-K, Kaholuamanu,

behind Waimea, September, 1909 (Bish.; Field; Kew; flowering and

1 His Lanai material itself (Berl.) enables us to recast the ambiguous and

misleading description of its leaves to read: leaves small, their base obtuse or almost

rounded. — They are not obtuse at the apex.

528 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

fruiting) ; Forbes 721-K, Haupu Range, left-hand side of Kipu Kai

Gap, November 1, 1916 (Field; Mo. ; fruiting) ;Forbes 962-K, Waimea

Drainage Basin, west side, July 3-August 18, 1917 (Bish.; Field;

Par.; fruiting) ; Forbes 1,133-K, same locality and date (Bish.; fruit-

ing); Heller 2,868 (type, U. S.: cotypes, Field; Gray; Mo.; N. Y.;

fruiting); William Hillebrand, Hawaiian Isls. (U. S.; fruiting);

Joseph F. Rock 5,887, trail to Opaewela, Kaholuamanu, September,

1909 (Bish.); Rock 5,888, Kaholuamanu, September 7, 1909 (Bish.;

Gray; Mus. V.; fruiting); Rock 5,890, trail to Opaewela, Kaholua-

manu, September, 1909 (Bish.); Rock 5,891, same locality and date

(Bish.); Rock 5,912, growing as a shrub, trail to Opaewela Stream

near Kaholuamanu, September 7, 1909 (Bish.) ; Rock 17,103, Kaho-

luamanu, October, 1916 (Bish., 3 sheets; fruiting).

Heller (Minn. Bot. Studs. 1: 876. 1897) doubtfully referred his

no. 2,868, which constitutes the basis of var. macrocarpa, to Labordia

pallida, with which it has very little in common. His specimens

were collected "from a small tree, about fifteen feet high, with slender

trunk, and spreading top." His printed labels all give October 1-8

as the date of collection, but his published discussion (loc. cit.) gives

the date as September 25.

20. Labordia triflora Hillebr. PI Haw. Isls. 293. 1888.

Glabrous shrub or small tree with habit as in L. Tinifolia. Leaves

subsessile to shortly petiolate with petioles mostly 1-2 mm. long;

blades commonly ovate- sometimes obovate-oblong, cordate or

emarginate at the rounded or truncate base, acuminate at apex, thin,

7-8.5 cm. long and 2.5-4 cm. wide, principal lateral nerves about 7

to each side. Cyme commonly 3-flowered, with delicate often cernu-

ous peduncle of 3-5 cm. in length; pedicels subequal, 1.2-3 cm. long,

minutely bracteolate at or near their middle, the median one some-

times branching to bear 2 or 3 flowers. Calyx and corolla as in L.

Tinifolia, but the corolla's tube 10-12 mm. long. Capsule more

or less elongately conic-ovate, apically pointed with a rostrum about

1 mm. long, 0.9-2 cm. tall, 2-valved, drying a blackish-brown at

maturity.

Type specimen: Collected by Wittiam Hillebrand, Mopulehu

(Mapulehu), Molokai, July, 1870 (Berl.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in southeastern-

most Molokai.

Specimens examined: Hillebrand, Molokai (Berl.; Gray; U. S.;

fruiting); Hillebrand, Mapulehu, July, 1870 (type, Berl.; fruiting).

GENUS LABORDIA 529

Hillebrand describes the capsules as 1.4-2 cm. (7-10 lines) long,

but two sheets examined (Berl.; U. S.) have some mature capsules

less than 1 cm. long, offering an approach somewhat to the capsules

of L. Tinifolia. However, the fewer flowers or fruits, the cordate

bases of the leaves, and the elongate peduncle all afford a ready dis-

tinction from L. Tinifolia and its varieties. — Staminate specimens

are lacking in herbaria.

21. Labordia Tinifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: 322. 1860.

a. Principal leaves mostly obtuse to subacute at apex, not acuminate.

b. Leaf-petioles 1-1.8 cm. long, their length usually more than half

the blades' width; plant native of northwestern Oahu.

var. 8 waialuana.

b. Leaf-petioles mostly 4-10 mm. long, their length usually less

than half the blades' width.

c. Leaves numerous, appearing crowded toward tips of branch-

lets, mostly obovate, plant native of East Maui.

var. £ Euphorbioidea.

c. Leaves fewer and not crowded, oblong or broadly oblong-

oval or a few somewhat obovate; plant native of Lanai.

var. e lanaiensis.

a. Principal leaves mostly acute to acuminate at apex.

6. Blades of principal leaves 2.5-4 cm. long, at apex sharply

acuminate; plant native of northern Molokai.

var. /3 parvifolia.

b. Blades of principal leaves 4-18 cm. long.

c. Leaves mostly lanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate.

d. Leaf -blades mostly under 5 cm. long; plant of southeastern

Oahu var. K honolulensis.

d. Leaf-blades mostly over 5 cm. long; plants of Molokai.

e. Leaves attenuate-acuminate at apex, flowering cymes

paniculate; plant of eastern Molokai. .var. ij Forbesii.

e. Leaves barely acuminate at apex, flowering cymes

subcorymbose; plant of central Molokai.

var. i tenuifolia

e. Leaves barely acute at apex, flowering cymes paniculate;

plant of Kauai var. 6 microgyna.

c. Leaves mostly broader, at apex acute or moderately acumi-

nate.

530 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

d. Corolla- tube at an thesis commonly dilated toward base;

capsules usually more ovoid-globose or obovoid-globose,

ripening commonly a dull or grayish black, mostly 6-9

mm. long L. Tinifolia sensu stricto.

d. Corolla- tube slender below; capsules usually very globose

and ripening very black, 4-6 mm. long.

var. 7 leptantha.

A small tree 6-8 (or even 15) meters tall, glabrous; bark "dark

brown," "closely and deeply corrugated, the furrows . . . not straight

but" seeming "to encircle the trunk, somewhat cork-screw fashion"

(Rock); branches slender, terete, pale; branchlets usually terete or

subterete. Leaves petiolate, petiole slender or margined above with

the somewhat decurrent blade, 4-15 mm. long; blade elliptic-oblong

to obovate-oblong, acute or acuminate at both ends, thin, very

glabrous, often slightly repand, 5.5-11 cm. long and 1.8-4.8 cm.

wide. Interpetiolar stipular body thin, concave or convex or of uni-

form height on upper edge, glabrous or occasionally pubescent

externally, commonly setulose at top. Flowers many in a paniculate

cyme 3.5-10 cm. long, this with a peduncle 1-3.5 cm. long, its primary

branches opposite and rather distant, the ultimate pedicels 6-18 mm.

long, the subulate bractlets about 2 mm. long. Calyx 2.5-3 mm.

long, divided to nearly or about the middle into 5 triangular-subulate

lobes, these spreading or reflexed in fruit, not or at most obscurely

scarious-margined; corolla greenish, salver-shaped; its tube dilated

below (where often 2-2.5 mm. thick at anthesis), glabrous or sparsely

hispidulous outside, pubescent within, 6-8 (in West and East Maui

specimens at times only 3.5-5) mm. long, the triangular-ovate

lobes about one-third as long. Pistil at anthesis 5-8 mm. long,

shorter than or at times somewhat surpassing corolla-tube, resembling

pistillode of other species; stigma entire or slightly cleft at apex,

cylindric-clavate, minutely setulose in lengthwise lines, about 2 mm.

long, often passing imperceptibly (except as to pubescence) into

glabrate and frequently bent or twisted style (this 1-3 mm. long);

ovary narrowly conic to ovoid, nearly or quite glabrous (but often

irregularly pilose over small areas), ±2 mm. long. Pistillode usually

pubescent (at anthesis) ±8 mm. long and usually somewhat ex-

serted; ovary linear, hispid near base, ±2.5 mm. long; style nema-

toid, more or less glabrous, 2-4 mm. long; stigma obconic-clavate,

±3 mm. long. Capsule globose or ovoid-globose or somewhat

obovoid-globose, obtuse-rotund at top except for tiny stylar rostrum,

GENUS LABORDIA 531

5-9 mm. tall, commonly 2- very rarely 3-valved, the valves dorsally

rounded and with median nerve faint or obsolete.

Type specimen: Gray's original text gives, "Sandwich Islands,

in Kauai, Maui, Oahu, and Hawaii (coll. Expl. Exped., and coll.

Remy)." Gray's description of the fruit, "capsula globosa," enables

us at once to exclude Kauai material, which may now be referred to

L. Helleri or its variety macrocarpa (Gray apparently had not seen

fruiting material from Kauai). The Maui citation is represented

by Jules Remy 360, l consisting of two specimens of abundantly

flowering material, labeled in Gray's own handwriting (Herb. Gray).

This is closely matched by a fruiting specimen on the same sheet and

likewise under Remy's no. 360, from the Island of Hawaii. All three

specimens have rather definitely peduncled inflorescences, the

peduncles being about 1 cm. long. A sheet of identical fruiting

material collected by the United States Exploring Expedition (Herb.

U. S.) and likewise labeled in Gray's own handwriting, gives merely

"Sandwich Islands" for the locality. Hence Remy 360, from Maui

and Hawaii, 1851-1855 (Gray) may well be taken as the type.

Distribution: Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, and Oahu.

Specimens examined :L. W.Bryan, alt. 2,500 feet, land of Manuka,

Kau District, Hawaii, February, 1933 (Deg.; Field; a form with

branchlets more angular); Otto Degener 9,841, in forest, Kohala

Forest Reserve, Hawaii, August 8, 1926 (Deg.; Field; fruiting);

Degener 10,300, in forest, "2nd valley," Molokai, June 19, 1928

(Deg.; Field; staminate, subflowering material, somewhat atypic);

Degener, Salucop, & Arlantico 12,019, erect tree 15 feet tall with

horizontal branches, in forest, Pupukea-Kahuku area, Oahu, April 24,

1938 (Berl.; Deg.; Field, 2 sheets; fruiting); Degener, Shigeura,

& Topping 10,065, in woods, Manoa Cliff Trail, Oahu, November 20,

1935 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; fruiting); Abbe Urbain Faurie 537, Waianae,

Oahu, May, 1909 (Par.; fruiting); Charles N. Forbes 1,602-0, east

side of Nuuanu Valley, Oahu, October, 1910 (Field; Mo.; fruiting);

Forbes 1,844-0, Waiolani Ridge, Oahu, October 27, 1913 (Bish.;

fruiting); Forbes (with Mr. Labouchere) 2,293-0, Kalihi Pali, Oahu,

February 16, 1916 (Bish.; post-fruiting); Forbes 2,327-M, central

ridge of Olowalu Valley, West Maui, May 12, 1920 (Bish.; stami-

nate); Francis R. Fosberg 13,002 pro parte, shrub 2-3 meters tall,

alt. 860 meters, on moist wooded ridge, east ridge of Puu Kalena,

*A small additional specimen, Remy 361bis, is in Gray Herbarium and this

was labeled "Labordia tinifolia, n. sp." by Gray himself. This specimen is now

seen, however, to be varietally different and referable to var Euphorbioidea.

532 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Waianae Mts., Waianaeuka, Oahu, March 22, 1936 (Field; fruiting);

F. R. & V. 0. Fosberg 13,737, tree 2 meters tall, flowers greenish, in

wet forest, alt. 650 meters, Castle Trail, Punaluu Valley, Koolau

Mts., Oahu, April 25, 1937 (Bish.; Field; pistillate) ; Fosberg & Fosberg

14,195, bush 2 meters tall, in moist forest, alt. 430 meters, Mt.

Tantalus, Koolau Mts., July 5, 1937 (Bish.; Field; fruiting) ; Fosberg

& E. Y. Hosaka 14,001, tree 6 meters tall, alt. 460 meters, in moist

forest, Pupukea-Kahuku Trail, Hanakaoe, crest of Koolau Mts.,

May 31, 1937 (Field; fruiting); William Hillebrand, Makawao

beyond Pumelei, East Maui, July, 1858 (Berl.; staminate); Hille-

brand, valley on Oahu, September, 1860 (Berl.; fruiting); Hille-

brand, Gulch of Olualu (Olowalu), West Maui, August, 1870 (Berl.;

fruiting); Hillebrand 404, Nuuanu, Oahu, communic. in 1865 (Gray;

Kew; pistillate, both flowering and fruiting); Hillebrand & Rev.J. M.

Lydgate, Pauoa, Oahu (Bish. ; pistillate, both flowering and fruiting) ;

Hillebrand & Lydgate 95, Halona, West Maui (Bish.; pistillate,

some corolla tubes only 3.5 mm. long and basally much thickened) ;

Horace Mann & William T. Brigham 610 pro parte, Oahu (Gray;

fruiting); Mann & Brigham 738 (renumbered 610), without locality

(Bish.; fruiting) ; Jules Remy 320, Oahu, 1851-1855 (Par.; pistillate);

Remy 360, Maui (as to staminate, flowering specimens) and Hawaii

(as to fruiting specimens), 1851-1855 (Gray, flowering and fruiting;

Par., fruiting); Remy 361, mountains, Oahu, April, 1855 (Gray;

Par.; subflowering); Joseph F. Rock, Haleakala, East Maui (Mus.

V.; pistillate); Rock, Kailua ditch trail, Waikamoi, East Maui,

May, 1911 (Gray; pistillate) ; Rock, Honomanu Trail, EastMaui, May,

1911 (Bish.; Field; staminate); Rock 14,062, without locality or date

(Bish.; Field; staminate); United States Exploring Expedition under

Captain Wilkes, Hawaiian Isls., 1840 (N. Y., pistillate; U. S., fruiting).

The Rock material from East Maui has especially short, urceolate

corollas and was considered a new species by its collector. Its cor-

ollas are matched in size and shape fairly well by some on the Hille-

brand & Lydgate specimen from Halona, West Maui. In the absence

of fruiting characters, however, there seems no reason for regarding

either collection as representing more than merely a somewhat

smaller-flowered extreme of L. Tinifolia.

Labordia Tinifolia var. /3 parvifolia Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.

25: 583. 1938; Labordia Tinifolia var. /3 Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 293.

1888.

Leaves smaller, petioles 4-10 mm. long; blades commonly oblong-

elliptic, at both ends acuminate, 2.5-4 cm. long and 1-1.6 cm. wide,

GENUS LABORDIA 533

principal lateral nerves 3-5 to each side. Cymes few-flowered,

peduncle slender and ±2 cm. long, pedicels capilliform and 2-2.5 cm.

long; capsules blackish or gray, 6-8 mm. tall.

Type specimen: Collected by William Hillebrand, Kalaupapa

Pali, central northern coast of Molokai (Berl.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality on Molokai.

Specimens examined : Hillebrand, Kalaupapa (type, Berl. ; fruiting).

Numerous specimens referred in herbaria to Hillebrand's var. j3

by various workers on the Hawaiian flora are found to differ sharply

from Hillebrand's type, mostly in shape and size of leaves, and in

shape, size, and abundance of capsules. The type consists of three

small fruiting specimens; flowers are entirely lacking.

Labordia Tinifolia var. 7 leptantha Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 582. 1938.

Small tree or shrub similar in habit to species proper; branchlets

slender, terete, gray. Leaves very glabrous, petiolate with petioles

slender and 0.5-1.5 cm. long; blades elliptic-oblong or scarcely

elliptic-obovate, at apex acute or acuminate, at base acute or cuneate

or rarely subrotund, at margin entire or obscurely subdenticulate,

membranaceous, 4-8.5 cm. long and 1.7-3.2 cm. wide, principal

lateral nerves 5-8 to each side. Interpetiolar stipular body ovate-

triangulate, pubescent above, 1-1.5 mm. tall. Inflorescence cymose-

paniculate, subsessile (for staminate specimens) or manifestly pedun-

culate (for pistillate specimens); the ultimate pedicels glabrate, at

first very slender, 7-15 mm. long. Bractlets subulate, 1-2 mm. long.

Calyx about 2 mm. tall; lobes connate below middle, triangulate-

subulate, glabrous or at margin very minutely hispidulous-ciliate;

corolla narrowly cylindric, externally glabrate, internally erect-

setose, tube 8-9 mm. long and less than 2 mm. thick, lobes triangu-

late-lanceolate, spreading or at apex reflexed, about 3 mm. long;

anthers very slightly exserted; pistillode pubescent at top, clavate-

dilated, finally exserted for about 1 mm. Capsule globose or sub-

obovate-globose, finally black, 4-6 mm. long; valves 2, dorsally

rounded, at apex minutely mucronate.

Type specimen: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, no. 14,062, Kalae,

Molokai, May 25, 1918 (Bish., 2 sheets).

Distribution: Southeastern Oahu, West Maui, and north-central

Molokai.

Specimens examined: Anonymous (Otto Degener distrib. no.)

10,241, trail at Nuuanu Pali "hairpin turn," Oahu, November 20,

534 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

1926 (Deg.; Field; fruiting); Degener 10,255, exposed slope, northeast

of Nuuanu Pali, Oahu, November 20, 1926 (Berl.; Deg.; Field;

fruiting); Degener 10,260, in forest, half mile north of Keahikauo,

West Maui, July 21, 1927 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; fruiting); Charles N.

Forbes 1,602-0, east side of Nuuanu Valley, Oahu, October, 1910 (Berl. ;

Bish.; Field; Gray; Kew; fruiting) ; Forbes 2,306-M, ridge, left-hand

side, Olowalu Valley, southwestern West Maui, May 10, 1920 (Berl. ;

Bish.; Field; staminate); William Hillebrand, Wailupe, Oahu (Berl.;

U. S.; fruiting); Hillebrand, same locality, 1870 (Berl.; staminate);

Rock 14,062 (type, Bish., 2 sheets; staminate, abundantly flowering);

communic. Heinrich Wawra sub num. 2,283 (legit William Hille-

brand), Oahu (Mus. V.; fruiting).

The fruiting characters are drawn from Oahu material (Degener

distrib. no. 10,241; Forbes 1,602-0; Hillebrand, Mus. V.). All pistil-

late or fruiting specimens examined differed from the staminate in

having definitely pedunculate inflorescence. Further studies should

be made in the field to confirm the varietal identity of the two sets

of specimens listed here. (It might even be that some botanists

will prefer a separate specific status for var. leptantha. The descrip-

tion therefore has been presented as fully as herbarium material

available would seem to warrant.)

Labordia Tinifolia var. 8 waialuana Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.

25: 583. 1938.

Petioles 1-1.8 cm. long; blades subrhomboidally elliptic-oblong,

at base cuneate or subacuminate, at apex subobtuse and very shortly

or obsoletely mucronate, 6-8.5 cm. long and 1.7-3.2 cm. wide, prin-

cipal lateral nerves 5-7 to each side. Inflorescence at least 3- or

9-flowered, slenderly pedunculate with a peduncle 2-3 cm. long.

Staminate flowers (pistillate not seen) pedicellate, pedicels up to

1.5 cm. long; corolla 2.5 mm. thick toward base, tube urceolate-

cylindric and 7-8 mm. long, lobes ±3 mm. long; anthers not or but

slightly exserted.

Type specimen: Collected by Horace Mann and William T. Brig-

ham, no. 562, Waialua Mountains, Oahu (Gray).

Distribution: Northwestern Oahu.

Specimens examined: Mann &Brigham 562 (type, Gray: cotypes,

Corn.; Field; N. Y.; both staminate and fruiting).

The type number is represented in the New York Botanical

Garden by additional but very fragmentary specimens of fruiting

material, on the same sheet with staminate, flowering material. The

GENUS LABORDIA 535

capsules are as in the var. leptantha. The sheet at Cornell University

has two sprays, each with two triflorous inflorescences. Mann had

designated these specimens at Cornell as a variety of L. Tinifolia

and chosen a varietal name alluding to the triflorous habit. In his

printed Enumeration published later on (Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 197.

1867), however, he listed the collection asL. Tinifolia.

Labordia Tinifolia var. e lanaiensis Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.

25: 583. 1938; Labordia Tinifolia var. 7 Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 293.

1888 (excluding the Kauai or first cited material).

Petioles 4-14 mm. long; blades oblong or widely oblong-oval or

more rarely subobovate, at apex obtuse or subacute or even sub-

acuminate, at base widely cuneate or rarely almost subrotund,

commonly 4-8 (sometimes up to 9.5) cm. long and 2-4 (sometimes

up to 5.2) cm. wide. Inflorescence very slenderly pedunculate with

a peduncle up to 3.5 cm. long, few- (±9-12-) flowered, pedicels deli-

cate. Corolla (only staminate flowers known) not or but slightly

dilated below, about 7 mm. long, lobes ±2 mm. long; pistillode

slightly exserted. Capsules narrowly or oblongly ovoid in outline,

at apex sharply mucronate, 1.3-1.7 cm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by William Hillebrand, Lanai, July,

1870 (Berl.).

Distribution: Hawaii, eastern Lanai, and western Maui.

Specimens examined: Charles N. Forbes, Lanai, March 9, 1916

(Field); Forbes 4-L, Kaiholena Valley, Lanai, June, 1913 (Field;

fruiting) ; Forbes 79-L, mountains near Koele, Lanai, June 9, 1909

(Bish.; Field; Kew; Mo.; subfruiting) ; Forbes 267-L, mountains at

east end of Lanai, June, 1913 (Bish.; Field; Gray; subfruiting);

Forbes 281-L, same locality and date (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Kew; Mo.;

subflowering and fruiting); William Hillebrand, Kaanapali, West

Maui (Berl.; subflowering and fruiting; labeled by Hillebrand for his

var. 7 ); Hillebrand, Hawaii, 1868 (Berl.; fruiting); Hillebrand,

Lanai, July, 1870 (type, Berl.; staminate); George C. Munro 35,

"Waiopaa," Lanai, March 27, 1915 (Bish.; staminate); Munro

(similarly) 35, Kaohai, Lanai, July 2, 1914 (Bish.; fruiting); Munro

430, pali above "Waiopaa," Lanai, March 27, 1915 (Bish.; Field;

staminate); Munro 432, head of Maunalei by Mahana, Lanai,

March 27, 1915 (Bish.; Field; subfruiting); Joseph F. Rock 8,000,

alt. 2,000 feet, dry forehills, Mahana Valley, Lanai, August 1, 1910

(Bish., 2 sheets; Field; Gray; Kew; Mus. V.; fruiting); Rock 8,099,

damp forest, Mahana Valley, August 6, 1910 (Bish.; Gray; Mus. V.;

fruiting); Rock 8,169, West Maui, August, 1910 (Bish.; fruiting).

536 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

The type has small leaves, the blade commonly 3-5 cm. long and

up to 2.4 cm. wide. The larger measurements in the description, as

also the characters of the capsule, are taken from other cited speci-

mens, which do not appear to be varietally different.

Labordia Tinifolia var. f Euphorbioidea Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 583. 1938.

Leaves smaller and more numerous, petioles commonly 4-7

mm. long; blades more or less obovate, 2-4 more rarely up to 5.3

cm. long and 1.2-1.7 more rarely up to 2.5 cm. wide, at apex more

often obtuse or rotund. Inflorescence few- or subnumerously

flowered; peduncle ±5-10 mm. long, standing between 2 branches.

Capsule as in species proper.

Type specimen: Collected by Joseph F. Rock, no. 8,616, alt.

2,500 feet, in lower forest, Makawao, East Maui, October, 1910

(Bish.).

Distribution: East Maui.

Specimens examined: H. M. Curran 66, Maui, April, 1911 (U. S.;

sterile); Abbe Urbain Faurie 536, Haleakala, August, 1909 (Bish.;

fruiting) ; Jules Remy 3616ts, Maui, 1851-1855 (Gray; subfruiting) ;

Rock 8,616 (type, Bish.: cotypes, Gray; Mus. V.; fruiting).

The small, mostly obovate, often crowded leaves give specimens

of this variety a striking resemblance to those of several varieties

of Euphorbia Celastroides and of E. multiformis. Rock (Indig. Trees

Haw. Isls. 406. 1913) describes the trunks of the trees in the forests

above Makawao as straight.

Labordia Tinifolia var. ?j Forbesii Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.

25: 583. 1938.

Leaves abundant, pallid, the delicate petiole usually 1-2 cm.

long; blade variously lanceolate subrhombic-lanceolate or elliptic-

oblanceolate but seldom broader, at apex more attenuately acumi-

nate than in species proper, 5-8 cm. long and 1-3 cm. wide. Pistil

minute, about 4 mm. long, style more or less twisted near stigma.

Capsule globose-obovate, 5-8.5 mm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N.Forbes, no. 553-Mo, on

slopes of Olokui, Wailau, Molokai, September, 1912 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in northeastern

Molokai.

Specimens examined: Forbes 553-Mo (type, Bish.: cotypes, Berl.;

Bish.; Field; Gray; Kew; Mo.; pistillate and post-fruiting).

GENUS LABORDIA 537

Labordia Tinifolia var. 0 microgyna Deg. & Sherff, var. nov.

Folia oblonge vel elliptice lanceolata, petiolo angusto ±1 cm.

longo, lamina saepius 5-7.5 cm. longa et 2-3 cm. lata. Inflorescentia

paniculata, db!7-flora. Calyx circ. 2 mm. altus. Corolla ±8 mm.

alta, tubo ±2 mm. crasso. Pistillum ad anthesin tantum circ. 4 mm.

longum, rectum; ovario ovoideo et vix 1.5 mm. longo; stylo sursum

in stigma breve et parce dilatatum sensim attenuate. Capsula et

planta masculina ignotae.

Leaves oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate; petiole slender, ±1 cm.

long; blade more often 5-7.5 cm. long and 2-3 cm. wide. Inflores-

cence paniculate, ±17-flowered. Calyx about 2 mm. tall. Corolla

±8 mm. tall, tube ±2 mm. thick. Pistil at anthesis only about 4

mm. long, straight; ovary ovoid and scarcely 1.5 mm. long; style

gradually narrowed above into a short and scarcely dilated stigma.

Capsule and staminate plant unknown.

Type specimen: Collected by Otto Degener, no. 10,251, in rain-

forest, northeast of Kipu, Kauai, June 17, 1926 (Field).

Distribution: Southeasternmost Kauai.

Specimens examined: Degener 10,251 (type, Field; cotypes,

Berl.; Deg.; pistillate).

The foliar habit seems entirely that of L. Tinifolia, proper, but

the diminutive, straight pistils with their thickish and not dis-

tinctly differentiated style and their short, inconspicuous stigma

are somewhat anomalous. Staminate flowers and mature capsules

are much to be desired. If L. microgyna is to be retained as a variety

of L. Tinifolia,, it is probably best placed next to var. Forbesii. In

the latter variety, the pistil is likewise minute, but is distinctly

differentiated into ovary, style, and stigma.

Labordia Tinifolia var. t tenuifolia Degener & Sherff ex

Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 583. 1938.

Erect, slender tree. Leaves pallid, the slender petiole 0.5-1.5

cm. long; blade lanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate or oblong-subovate,

at apex scarcely or moderately acuminate, commonly 4-6.5 (more

rarely -9) cm. long and 1.5-2.2 (more rarely -3.3) cm. wide. Flowers

numerous (more often 15-30), subcorymbosely disposed in a pendu-

lous inflorescence. Corolla yellow and not truly orange; tube

slender, about 7 mm. long and toward base 1.3-1.7 mm. thick;

lobes 3-3.5 mm. long; pistillode with a black and glabrate style.

Type specimen: Collected by Otto Degener, no. 10,272, erect,

538 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

slender tree 12 feet tall, in forest, Kahuaawi Gulch, Molokai, May

12, 1928 (Field, 2 sheets).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in central Molokai.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener, Molokai, May 25, 1928

(Berl.; Deg.; Field; Gray; Kew; Mo.; Mus. V.; Par.; U. S.; stami-

nate); Degener 10,272 (type, Field, 2 sheets: cotypes, Berl.; Brit.;

Del.; Gray; Kew; Mo.; Mus. V.; Par.; U. S.; staminate but mostly

subflowering) ; Degener 10,300, Molokai, June 19, 1928 (Field, 2

sheets; subflowering).

Labordia Tinifolia var. K honolulensis Sherff, Amer. Journ.

Bot. 25: 584. 1938.

Principal leaves with blades more often 4-5.5 cm. long, the

others often numerous and small with blades only 2-4 cm. long, all

narrowly or moderately oblanceolate and at apex more often acumi-

nate. Flowers unknown. Capsule black, valves 5-7 mm. tall

including rostrum.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N. Forbes (with Mrs. G. E.

Kelly], no. 2,388-0, on Pacific Heights ridge, Oahu, August 1, 1916

(Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality, northeastern part

of Honolulu, Oahu.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener 10,254, Pauoa Flats, November

22, 1925 (Deg.; fruiting); Forbes 2,388-0 (type, Bish.: cotypes,

Berl.; Field; fruiting).

22. Labordia kaalae Forbes, Occas. Paps. 6: 174 and pi. 1916.

a. Branchlets (including those of inflorescence) glabrous or glabrate

or at most papillate.

b. Leaf-petioles usually 3-7 mm. long.

c. Principal leaves more or less sub truncate at base; plant native

of Oahu var. 7 brachypoda.

c. Principal leaves rounded-cuneate at base; plant native of

Kauai var. e kauaiensis.

b. Leaf-petioles 0.8-2.5 cm. long.

c. Leaf-blades 6-8 cm. long and 3.5-4.3 cm. wide; petioles

thickish, ±1.5 cm. long; capsules obovoid . .var. 5 mendax.

c. Leaf -blades 8-10 cm. long and 4-5 cm. wide; petioles slender,

up to 2.2 cm. long; capsules (submature) ovoid.

var. /3 Fosbergii.

GENUS LABORDIA 539

a. Branchlets (including those of inflorescence) and lower leaf-

surfaces tomentulose or hispidulous L. kaalae sensu stricto.

A slender tree with dark bark, ±6 meters tall, branches divari-

cate; branchlets tomentulose or hispidulous, terete, grayish to

purplish-black. Leaves petiolate; petioles slender, 0.8-2.5 cm. long,

tomentulose; blades broadly elliptic-oblong to obovate-oblong,

terminally broad or almost subrotund, at apex itself abruptly sub-

acute, at base evenly or obliquely subtruncate and emarginate or

subcordate, glabrous above, finely tomentulo-hispidulous beneath,

membranaceous, 8-13 cm. long and 4-7 cm. wide, with commonly

8-10 principal lateral nerves to each side. Flowers greenish, numer-

ous (9-25), in a pedunculate, paniculate, pubescent cyme; peduncle

slender, 1-3.5 cm. long; bractlets subulate, 1-2 mm. long; calyx

divided to middle or almost to base, pubescent, 3-4 mm. long, the

erect or spreading lobes lanceolate-subulate or below middle more

often ovate-dilated and frequently hyaline-margined down to their

rounded or subauriculate base; corolla glabrous, green, its cylindric

tube about 9-10 mm. long and in lower part about 4 mm. thick, the

lobes triangular and about 2-3 mm. long; anthers partly exserted

from corolla-tube; pistillode whitish-setulose on its ovary, 8-11 mm.

long, the stylar portion capillary; capsule (submature) ovoid-globose,

apically short-rostrate, 1.5 cm. tall (including the short rostrum,

this under 1 mm. long), 2-valved, glabrous or glabrate, pale green.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N. Forbes, no. 1,790-0,

ridges of Puu Kaala at the head of Mokuleia Valley, Oahu, April 29,

1912 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from northwestern Oahu.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener, Emilio Ordonez, & J. Foster

12,358, in dark forest, southeast slope of Puu Hapapa, June 4, 1939

(Berl.; Deg.; Field; fruiting); Forbes 1,790-0 (cotypes, Bish.; Mo.;

staminate); Francis R. Fosberg 13,059 tree 6 meters tall, flowers

green, in moist forest, alt. 550 meters, Pahole (Kukuiula) Gulch,

near head of right branch, Waianae Mts., Mokuleia, April 12, 1936

(Bish.; Field; flowering and fruiting).

The capsules were unknown to Forbes but have since been col-

lected in a submature state by Fosberg, from whose plants the

fruiting characters have been described.

Labordia kaalae var. /3 Fosbergii Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.

25: 588. 1938.

540 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Shrub 2-3 meters tall, branchlets and leaves pale green and

very glabrous. Petioles 1-2.2 cm. long, blades 8-10 cm. long and

4-5 cm. wide. Inflorescence paniculate and lax, up to 12 cm. wide,

±22-flowered; peduncle slender, 4-6 cm. long. Capsule (submature)

ovoid, about 1 cm. tall.

Type specimen: Collected by Francis R. Fosberg, no. 13,002 pro

parte, shrub 2-3 meters tall, fruits greenish, on moist, wooded ridge,

alt. 860 meters, east ridge of Puu Kalena, Waianae Mts., Waianaeuka,

Oahu, March 22, 1936 (type, Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in northwestern

Oahu.

Specimens examined: Fosberg 13,002 pro parte (type, Bish.;

fruiting).

The variety was named in honor of Mr. Fosberg, who had already

done much in the botanical exploration of the Hawaiian Islands

and who had most generously placed his large collection ofLabordia

material in my hands for study.

Labordia kaalae var. 7 brachypoda Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot.

25: 588. 1938.

Petioles 3-7 mm. long; blades 5-8 cm. long and 2-4.8 cm. wide,

glabrous on both surfaces, principal lateral nerves about 7 to a

single side. Inflorescence 3-5-flowered. Sepals glabrous, 1-2 mm.

long, not diaphanous at margins. Capsules (submature) conic-

ovoid, at apex subrostrate, black when dry, glabrous or glabrate,

about 1.2 cm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N. Forbes, no. 1,587-0,

Popouwela, Waianae Mts., Oahu, April 27, 1910 (Bish., 2 sheets).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in northwestern

Oahu.

Specimens examined: Forbes 1,587-0 (type, Bish., 2 sheets: co-

type, Mo.; fruiting).

The type and cotype had been variously suspected by Forbes

of being his L. kaalae, of representing a variety of L. triflora Hillebr.,

or of being typical L. triflora Hillebr. and (in Forbes' judgment)

perhaps meriting, as such, a varietal status under L. Tinifolia A.

Gray. The frequently cordate leaf-bases, the simpler inflorescence

with its 3-5 instead of 10-15 or more flowers, the larger and more

conic-pointed capsules, etc. all separate var. brachypoda from L.

Tinifolia. The frequently contracted bases and the broader and

GENUS LABORDIA 541

more or less obtuse (not acuminate) apices of the more rigid leaf-

blades, the longer petioles (commonly 3-7 mm. long, not 1-2 mm.

long or almost lacking), the much shorter (1-2.7 cm. not 3-5 cm.

long) and thicker peduncles, etc. distinguish var. brachypoda easily

from L. triflora. The shorter leaf-petioles (3-7 mm. not 0.8-2.1 cm.

long), smaller leaf -blades (5-8 cm. not commonly 8-13 cm. long,

2-4.8 cm. not 4-7 cm. wide) with their glabrous, not finely tomentose,

lower surfaces and their usually 7 not commonly 8 to 10 principal

lateral nerves to each side, the few flowers (3-5 not 9-25 in a cyme),

their conic-ovoid apically narrowed and rostrate 10-12 (or more)

mm. long (not obovate-globose apically short-mucronate 8-9 mm.

long) capsules, and doubtless other characters will separate var.

brachypoda from L. kaalae proper.

Labordia kaalae var. 5 mendax Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 25:

589. 1938.

Glabrate or glabrous; blades 6-8 cm. long and 3.5-4.3 cm. wide,

petioles rather thickish and about 1.5 cm. long. Sepals dorsally gla-

brous, the edges diaphanous below. Capsules obovoid, 8-9 (even

-10) mm. tall.

Type specimen: Collected by Alfred Meebold, alt. 3,800 feet,

Makaleha ridge, Kaala, Waianae Mts., Oahu, June, 1932 (Bish.).

Distribution: Known only from type locality in northwestern

Oahu.

Specimens examined: Meebold, alt. 3,800 feet, etc. (type, Bish.;

fruiting).

In its leaves and fruits this variety somewhat suggests Labordia

Tinifolia A. Gray.

Labordia kaalae var. 6 kauaiensis var. nov.

Glabra. Foliorum petioli 5-7 (rarius -10) cm. longi; lammis

oblongo-ovalibus, apice subacutis vel subacuminatis, basi rotundo-

cuneatis, coriaceis. Calyx extus glaber, circ. 2 mm. altus; sepalis

triangulato-ovatis vel supra subulatis infra moderate dilatatis,

margine non vel vix diaphanis sed minutissime ciliatis.

Glabrous. Leaf-petioles 5-7 (more rarely -10) cm. long; -blades

oblong-oval, at apex subacute or subacuminate, at base rounded-

cuneate, coriaceous. Calyx externally glabrous, about 2 mm. tall;

sepals triangulate-ovate or above subulate and below moderately

dilated, at margin not or scarcely diaphanous but very minutely

ciliate.

542 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Type specimen: Collected by Charles N. Forbes, sine num.,

Kauai (Bish.).

Distribution: Kauai, exact locality unknown.

Specimens examined: Forbes, Kauai (type, Bish.; subflowering).

23. Labordia decurrens Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 25: 581. 1938.

Shrub or small tree; branchlets very delicate, grayish-brown,

subterete, glabrous or moderately papillate; stipules subobsolete,

only about 1 mm. tall. Leaves large; petiole flat or toward base

conduplicate, 1-2.5 cm. long; blade broadly subspatulate-lanceolate,

1-1.8 dm. long and 2-5 cm. wide, gradually narrowed below the

middle to the more or less decurrent base, at apex acute or suba-

cuminate, very membranaceous, glabrous, the median vein flat and

about 1.5 mm. wide. Inflorescence paniculate-cymose, glabrous,

±6 cm. tall and ±7 cm. wide, finally up to about 15-fruited, its

primary branches opposite and divaricate, the ultimate pedicels

very delicate and commonly 1-1.5 cm. long. Flowers at anthesis

not seen. Sepals finally spreading or subreflexed, lanceolate-tri-

angulate, glabrous or at margins setulose, at apex more or less

acute, about 1.5 mm. long. Capsules globose-obovoid, numerous

and 6-7 mm. tall or few and ±9 mm. tall, black when dry, 2-valved,

at apex very minutely rostrate, externally scrobiculate-rugulose but

otherwise glabrous, valves not carinate.

Type specimen: Collected by Horace Mann and William T.

Brigham, no. 610 pro parte, Oahu, May 4, 1864-May 18, 1865 (Mo.).

Distribution: Oahu.

Specimens examined: Mann &Brigliam 610 pro parte (type, Mo.:

cotypes, Corn.; Field; fruiting).

This species was confused by Mann with Labordia Tinifolia A.

Gray. Indeed, Mann not only labeled the specimens of the type

collection L. Tinifolia but applied his collection number 610 also to

two other specimens (Bish.; Gray), both of which are trueL. Tini-

folia. L. decurrens differs enough, however, in the characters noted

to be distinguished very easily from that species. The type collection

lacks flowers, but the fruiting calyces are similar to those of L.

Tinifolia.

SPECIES EXCLUDED

Labordia(?) Fauriei LeVl. in Fedde Repert. 10: 157. 1911.

— Calpidea Brunoniana Endl. fide Rock in Fedde op. cit. 13: 352 et

353. 1914.

INDEX OF COLLECTORS CITED

Collectors' names and page numbers in italic type

Anonymous, Mts. of Punaluu, Aug. 18,

1908, 454

(Otto Degener distrib. no. 10241),

523, 534

Bean, Ross S. (Otto Degener distrib.

no. 10S77), 497

Bergman, H. F., alt. 1,700 ft., on slopes

of Keeaumakua, Feb. 22, 1928, 475

Bryan, Jr., Edwin H., no. 639, 494

no. 837, 506

Bryan, L. W., alt. 2,500 ft., land of

Manuka, Feb., 1933, 531

Cranwell, Miss Lucy May, nos. 3403,

3503, 494

Cranwell, Lucy May, Olof Hugo Setting,

& Carl Skottsberg, no. 2671 p.p.,

49.4, 519

nos. 26716, 2671c, 494

nos. 2827, 2975, 523

nos. 3166a, 31666, 492

no. 3256, 500

Curran, Hugh McCollum, no. 66, 536

Degener, Otto, in extreme rain-forest,

Koolau Gap, June 17, 1927, 520

Molokai, May 25, 1928, 538

Oahu, Jul. 29, 1935, 475

(field no. 302,) Oahu, Jul. 29, 1935,

469

no. 1599, 500

nos. 9841, 10300, 551

nos. 10245, 10246, 497

no. 10247, 454

no. 10248, 513, 514

no. 10249, 523

no. 10250, 524

no. 10251, 537

nos. 10252, 10256, 10257, 514

nos. 10253, 10280, 522

no. 10254, 538

nos. 10255, 10260, 554

nos. 10258, 10259, 10266, 10274,

10301,494

nos. 10262, 10265, 10269, 10271,

10302, 520

no. 10264, 504

nos. 10267, 10268, 10270, 502

no. 10272, 53 7, 538

nos. 10273, 10277, 518

nos. 10275, 10276, 10281, 467

nos. 10278, 10279, 470

no. 10282, 471

no. 10300, 538

Degener, Otto, & Yasuma Iwasaki,

no. 10242, 497

Degener, Otto, Yasuma Iwasaki, Bru-

maghim, & Edwin B. Bartram,

no. 10243, 497

Degener, Otto, M artin (= Tiburcio) Marti-

nez,&FelixC.Sal wcop.no. 11 124, 475

Degener, Otto, R. Northwood, & J.

Foster, no. 12295, 454

Degener, Otto, & Emilia Ordonez, nos.

12059,12061,451

nos. 12062, 12063, 469

Degener, Otto, Emilio Ordonez, & J.

Foster, no. 12336, 4S5

no. 12336a, 455, 456

no. 12356, 456

no. 12358, 559

Degener, Otto, & Kwan Kee Park, no.

10244, 454

Degener, Otto, Kwan Kee Park, William

Bush, & Colin Potter, no. 10151, 469

Degener, Otto, Kwan Kee Park, William

Bush, Colin Potter, & D. LeRoy

Topping, no. 10021, 505

no. 10120 pro parte, 469, 455

no. 10121, 451

Degener, Otto, Kwan Kee Park, &

Wallace Hirai, no. 10237, 477

Degener, Otto, Kwan Kee Park, &

Manuel Kwon, no. 10238, 475

Degener, Otto, Kwan Kee Park, &

Yoshimasa Nitta, no. 4174, 505

no. 10234, 475

no. 10235, 475

nos. 10334, 10335, 451

Degener, Otto, Kwan Kee Park, Colin

Potter, & William Bush, no. 10152,

474

no. 101 52a, 501

Degener, Otto, Kwan Kee Park, Colin

Potter, William Bush, & D. LeRoy

Topping, nos. 10000, 10001, 505

Degener, Otto, Kwan Kee Park, &

Gordon Shigeura, no. 10017, 505

Degener, Otto, Kwan Kee Park, D.

LeRoy Topping, & William Bush,

no. 10236, 454

Degener, Otto, Kwan Kee Park, D.

LeRoy Topping, William Bush, &

Colin Potter, no. 10284, 456

Degener, Otto, Felix^ C. Salucop, &

Valentin (Valentine) Arlantico, nos.

11550, 11552, 475

no. 11553, 501

no. 11568, 469

no. 12019, 531

no. 12020, 453

Degener, Otto, Gordon Shigeura, & D.

LeRoy Topping, no. 10065, 531

543

544 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Degener, Otto, Takamoto, & Martin

(=Tiburcio) Martinez, no. 10542,

501

Degener, Otto, & D. LeRoy Topping,

no. 10263, 502

Ewart, G. R. Ill, nos. 97, 114, 494

Faurie, Abbe Urbain, no. 452, 52k

no. 536, 536

no. 537, 531

Forbes, Charles Noyes, East Maui?

1920? 1*89

Kauai, 542

Koolauloa Mts., between Punaluu

and Kaipapau, Nov. 14-21, 1908,

508

Makaha Valley, Feb. 12-19, 1909,

508

Kaaawa Valley ridges, May 30, 1909,

484

(with Dr. C. Montague Cooke,)

Koolau Mts., between Punaluu

and Kaipapau, May 3-8, 1909, 4.78

Nahiku, Jul., 1910, 494

Lanai, Mar. 9, 1916, 535

Keanae Gap, Aug. 7, 1919, 502

nos. 4-L, 79-L, 267-L, 281-L, 535

(with Dr. C. Montague Cooke, Jr.),

no. 9-M, 494

nos. 27-L, 206-L, 242-L, 468

(with C. Dole,) 41-K, 488

nos. 42-M, 102-M, 204-Mo, 257-M,

332-Mo, 387-M, 494

no. 43-M, 521

no. 103-M.519

nos. 138-Mo, 168-Mo, 291-Mo, 332-

Mo, 467

no. 152-M, 502, 503

nos. 160-M, 207-M, 741-M, 750-M,

925-M, 1153-M, 520

nos. 179-K, 204-K, 525

no. 244-M, 509

no. 256-K, 488

nos. 298-H, 509-tf, 721-H, 723-H,

726-H, 492

nos. 331-K, 405-K, 896-K, 904-K,

910-X, 524.

nos. 346-K, 980-K, 987-K, 1044-K,

51 4

nos. 369-L, 2544-M, 2586-M, 2588-M,

518

no. 378-K, 527

no. 503-M o, 465

no. 553-Mo, 536

nos. 637-M, 760-M, 762-M, 882-M,

888-M, 963-M, 1080-M, 1237-M,

502

no. 689-K, 487

nos. 721-K, 962-K, 1133-K, 528

no. 752-H, 497

nos. 905-K, 938-K, 1153-K, 490

no. 980-K, 514

no. 1253-M, 503

no. 1440-O, 476

no. 1486-O, 512

no. 1587-O, 540

nos. 1602-0, 1844-O, 2327-M, 531

nos. 1602-0, 2306-M, 534

no. 1644-M, 506

nos. 1688-M, 2443-M, 2565-M, 2650-

M, 2652-M, 2680-M, 495

no. 1790-O, 539

(with Dean Lake,) no. 1980-O, 475

nos. 2208-0, 2552-O, 478

(with Mr. Labouchere,) 2288-O, 475

(with Mr. Labouchere,) 2293-0, 531

(with Mrs. G. E. Kelly,) 2388-O, 538

(with J. C. Bridwell,) 2438-O, 512

Forbes, Charles Noyes, & C. L. Thomp-

son, Makaha Valley, May 3-8,

1909.50S

Koolau Mts., between Punaluu and

Kaipapau, May 8-13, 1909, 475

Fosberg, Francis Raymond, no. 8698, 478

nos. 8699, 8714, 9723, 9725, 9741,

13860, 479

nos. 8714, 10896, 477

no. 9402, 4«4

nos. 9551, 10345, 14234, 508

no. 9729, 501

no. 9738, 469

no. 10044, 4.95

no. 10102, 499

nos. 10367a, 10369, 483

no. 10369, 482, 483

no. 10896, 475

no. 10965, 471

no. 12249, 481

no. 12676, 514

no. 12756, 524

no. 13002 p.p., 531,540

no. 13013, 483

no. 13059, 539

no. 13550, 512

Fosberg, Francis Raymond, & V. O.

Fosberg, no. 13736, 475

nos. 13737, 14195, 532

Fosberg, Francis Raymond, & Edward

Yataro Hosaka, nos. 13914, 13917,

13919, 13921, 479

no. 13922, 477

no. 13979, 475

no. 14001, 532

Fosberg, Mrs. Violet Oliveira, no. 54, 492

Gaudichaud, Charles, alt. 2,700-3,000 ft.,

Oahu, 1819, 473

Ham's, J. Arthur, no. C242120, 483

Heller, Amos Arthur, no. 2579, 526

no. 2868, 527, 528

INDEX

545

Hillebrand, William, Hawaiian Isls.,

1*67, 485, 495, 512, 518, 528

Hawaii, 1868, 535

Lanai, 1870, 518

Lanai, July, 1870, 1*68, 495, 518, 535

Maui (West), July, 1858, 495

Maui (West), 1870, 495

Molokai, 518, 528

Molokai, 1870, 51 8

Oahu, valley on, Sept., 1860, 532

"Eke Crater," Aug., 1870, 495

Halawa, 465

Haleakala, 495

Kaala, 485

Kaanapali, 535

Kaanapali, Aug., 1870, 519

Kalae, 1*67

Kalaupapa Pali, 533

Makawao beyond Pumelei, July,

1858, 532

Mapulehu, Valley of, 467

Mopulehu (Mapulehu), July, 1870,

528

Nuuanu, western ridge of, Dec., 1869,

469

Olualu (Olowalu), Aug., 1870, 532

Palolo, 512

Pauoa, Jan., 1870, 512

Pelekunu, Heights of, 495

Pelekunu, heights near Pali of, July,

1870,515

Wahiawa, April, 508

Waihee, Valley of, August, 1870, 505

Wailau, Pali of, 467

Wailuku, 505

Wailupe, 479, 534

Wailupe, 1870, 534

Wailupe Valley, Apr., 1870, 512

Waipahia, peak of, 479

no. 404, 532

Hillebrand, William, & Rev. John M.

Lydgate, Maui (West), 519

Oahu, .4 79, 51 2

Hilo, 520

Pauoa, 532

Wailupe, 512

no. 95, 532

no. 97,518

Hitchcock, Albert Spear, no. 15459, 524

Hosaka, Edward Yataro, Waikakalaua

Gulch, Apr. 6, 1930, 508

nos. 598, 679, 1139, 1195, 479

nos. 602, 1002, 1082, 1063, 508

no. 678, 469

no. 679, 501

nos. 946, 968, 2033, 2034, 477

Hosaka, Edward Yataro, & Francis

Raymond Fosberg, nos. 1871, 1918,

482

nos. 1875, 1880, 1881, -480

Hume, Edward P., no. 42, 471

nos. 79, 439, 475

no. 556, 481, 482

no. 558, 509

Judd, Charles Sheldon, (Otto Degener

distrib.) no. 10116, £82

Knudsen, Valdemar, no. 199, 527

Lydgate, Rev. John M., Hilo, 492, 495

Hilo, in woods, Apr., 1871, 520

Kaholuamanu, 490

Wahiawa Mts., 525

Mann, Horace, & William T. Brigham,

Oahu, 480

no. 149, 511,512

no. 335, 517,518

no. 434, 495, 496, 498

no. 562, 534

no. 610 p.p., 532, 542

no. 611, 487

no. 738, 532

Meebold, Alfred, alt. 3,800 ft., Makaleha

ridge, Kaala, June, 1932, 541

(Otto Degener distrib.) no. 10239, 483

Munro, George C., Puu Kukui, Sept. 25,

1916, 495

nos. 35, 430, 432, 535

nos. 229, 413, 449, 468

no. 237, 518

no. 572, 467

nos. 610, 620, 495

Remy, Jules, nos. 320, 361, 532

no. 3436is, 480

no. 358bts, 508

no. 360, 531,532

no. 3616is, 531, 536

no. 362, 492, 493, 498

no. 363, 465

no. 3636is, 510

Rock, Joseph Francis Charles, Halea-

Honomanu, May, 1911, 495, 513

Honomanu Trail, May, 1911, 532

Kailua Ditch, May, 1911, 509

Kailua ditch trail, Waikamoi, May,

1911, 532

Kauai, Oct., 1916, 490

Keanae, 509

Molokai, 518

Mt. Olympus Trail, 1912, 515

Nahiku, May, 1911, 509, 510

Nahiku Stream, May, 1911, 504

Waikamoi ditch trail, Ukulele, Sept.,

1910, 513

Wailau Pali, 1910, 518

nos. 4301, 4305, 8316, 8364, 8430,

10017, 493

nos. 4873, 5250, 5251, 5252, 5892,

5894, 5898, 5899, 8885, 524

nos. 4874, 5813, 8884, 490

546 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

nos. 5247, 591 G, 515

nos. 5887, 5888, 5890, 5891, 5912,

17103, 528

nos. 7044, 12577, 16015, 17136, 467

nos. 7045, 7069, 518

nos. 8000, 8099, 8169, 535

nos. 8017, 8020, 8041, 8153 p.p., 8155,

8185, 8538, 495

no. 8151, 519

no. 8152, 519

no. 8153 p.p., 521

no. 8538, 503

no. 8616, 536

no. 8626, 520

no. 8627, 502, SOS

no. 10015, 496, 497

no. 10344, 505, 506

no. 14062, 532, 533, 534

no. 16012, 521

Rock, Joseph F. C., & Hashimoto, "Eke-

Honokahau," Aug., 1910, 496

Rock, Joseph F. C., & Shaw, Kona-

huanui, Sept., 1912, 469

Saint-John, Harold, no. 10074, 476

no. 10228, 496

no. 10464, 509

no. 12214, 471

no. 17605, 483

Saint-John, Harold, & Francis Ray-

mond Fosberg, no. 13576, 487

Saint-John, Harold, Francis Raymond

Fosberg, & Oliveira, no. 13810, 527

Saint-John, Harold, & Edward Yataro

Hosaka, no. 10567, 509

no. 11483 A.H., 493

Saint-John, Hosaka, Hume, et alii, no.

10734, 524

no. 10990, 527

Saint-John, Ross S. Bean, & Edward

Yataro Hosaka, no. 11212, 497

Selling, Olof Hugo, no. 3101, 515

no. 3954, 471

Skottsberg, Carl, no. 590, 499

no. 743, 494, 495

no. 959, 524

no. 964, 490

no. 1850, 469

Stvezey, Otto H., Lanihuli, June, 1919,

480

Topping, D. LeRoy, (Otto Degener

distrib.) no. 2859, 471

United States Exploring Expedition,

Hawaiian Isls., 1840, 532

Hawaii, 1840, 497

Oahu, 1840, 478, 479, 480

Wawra, Heinrich, no. 2120, 523, 524

no. 2164, 490

no. 2200b, 503, 504

no. 2252, 509

no. 2283, 534

no. 2284, 512

Wichman, Mrs. Juliet, no. 2940, 514

Yamaguchi, Michio, no. 1256 p.p., 469,

477

ADDITIONAL STUDIES OF THE

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE

In a former paper (Revision of the Hawaiian species of Euphorbia

L, Annals Missouri Bot. Card. 25: 1-94, pis. 2-11. 1938), I have

presented a monographic treatment of the species of Euphorbia L.

indigenous or adventive in the Hawaiian Islands. In the present

paper are set forth a revision of the Hawaiian species of Claoxylon

and various additional results growing out of my recent studies of

Hawaiian material in the genera Aleurites, Drypetes, Phyllanthus,

Antidesma, and Euphorbia. During the progress of my work, many

herbarium specimens have been made available to me, chiefly by

the same institutions and individuals cited in the preface to the

foregoing paper on Labordia. To all of these institutions and in-

dividuals I take this opportunity of expressing again my indebted-

ness and gratitude.

THE HAWAIIAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS

CLAOXYLON A. Jussieu

The genus Claoxylon A. Juss. (Tent. Euphorb. 43, tab. 14, fig. 43.

1824) was divided into five sections by Johannes Mueller of Argovie

(or Aargau; DC. Prodr. 15U : 775-790. 1866). In the fourth of these,

Gymnoclaoxylon Muell. Arg. (Linnaea 34: 165. 1865), he included

the one Hawaiian species known to him, namely, Claoxylon sand-

wicense Muell. Arg. This he separated from the lone other species

in that section, C. fallax Muell. Arg. of the Fiji Islands, by the fact

that it had about 200 stamens in a single staminate flower, while

C. fallax had about 30. Mueller's treatment of Claoxylon is repeated,

in abridged form, by Engler and Prantl (Natiirl. Pflanzenfam. 3V:

48. 1896). For the synonymy of the genus the reader may consult

Mueller Arg., also Bentham and Hooker (Gen. PI. 3: 309. 1880).

It may be noted here, however, that in recent years numerous

additional species within the genus have been proposed. Thus the

number of known species has been increased from the forty-two

described by Mueller Arg. to ninety or more at the present time (cf .

547

548 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

F. Brown, Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 130: 148. 1935: "Approxi-

mately 90 species centering in Africa; well represented in Malaysia;

relatively few species in Asia, the islands of the Indian Ocean,

Australia, or Polynesia; absent from America"). The three Hawaiian

species included in the present revisional treatment all belong to

the section Gymnoclaoxylon Muell. Arg., described by its author as

having: staminate receptacle entirely eglandular, accompanied

neither by an extrastamineal disc nor by juxtastamineal glands;

anthers extrorsely 2-fissured.

Genus CLAOXYLON A. Juss.: Description

A. Jussieu, Tent. Euphorb. 43, tab. 14, fig. 43. 1824.

Trees or shrubs or more rarely herbs, glabrous or appressedly

short-pubescent. Leaves alternate, simple, stipulate, penninerved,

often purplish or subviolet-reddish, subtended by 2-4 more or less

distinctly denticuliform and at times caducous stipules, never

maculate-glandular beneath, commonly large, membranaceous or

scarcely coriaceous, in our species, at least, smooth in live state

but when dry minutely scabrid especially on lower surface. Spikes

or racemes axillary or lateral, solitary or subfasciculate, shorter than

the leaves. Flowers dioecious or more rarely but in our species

probably always monoecious, apetalous. Staminate flowers: Calyx of

3 or 4 segments, subglobose and valvate in the bud, usually more or

less closed. Stamens usually numerous, centrally affixed to the

receptacle and variously associated with its glands (these, when

present, now covering the entire receptacle and being dispersed

among the bases of the filaments, now surrounding the receptacle

and being coalesced with it, or at times being arranged according to

both plans in the same flower); anther-cells distinct except at their

base, erect, obovoid or subglobose, lengthwise (now introrsely now

extrorsely) dehiscent from their apex; filaments free, short. Rudi-

ment of ovary lacking. Pistillate flowers: Calyx less deeply divided,

its 2-4 lobes always or at least often valvate and alternating with

glands. Receptacle marginally entire or lobed. Ovary 3- or more

rarely 2-celled, a single ovule in each cell. Styles as many as the

ovary-cells, simple, short, free or at base connate, spreading, on

inner surface plumose or coarsely papillate-stigmatose or more rarely

smoothish. Capsule dividing into 2-valved cocci. Seeds estrophio-

late, subglobose, often (their epidermis having become loosened)

purplish-red, involute; testa now foveolate-depressed, now scrobicu-

late-roughened; albumen (perisperm) fleshy; cotyledons broad, flat.

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 549

ABBREVIATIONS USED FOR HERBARIA CITED

(See p. 464)

KEY

a. Leaves ±3 dm. long and ±1.1 dm. wide; capsules about 2.5 cm.

wide and 1.2-1.6 cm. tall; plant from Hawaii 3. C. Remyi.

a. Leaves and capsules much smaller.

6. Leaves, when full grown, densely short-tomentulose with

arcuate, yellowish-brown setulae .1. C. Helleri.

b. Leaves, when full grown, glabrate or at most moderately or

on veins densely appressed-hispid.

2. C. sandwicense and vars.

1. Claoxylon Helleri Sherff, Amer. Journ. Bot. 24: 88. 1937.

Claoxylon tomentosum Heller, Minn. Bot. Studs. 1 : 843. 1897 (exclud.

syn. Hellebr.).

Small tree, in habit probably similar to C. sandwicense; branchlets

yellowish-green when dry, their leaf scars marginally more or less

hispid. Leaves yellow-green when dry, petiolate; petiole slender,

shortly and softly tomentulose, 2-5 cm. long; blade elliptic-oblong

or -ovate, apically obtuse or truncate-emarginate, basally rounded

or at first broadly cuneate, at margin sharply and numerously dentic-

ulate with calloused and more or less hispidulous teeth, 9-14 cm.

long and 5.5-9 cm. wide, rigidly membranaceous, scabrid above,

softly and densely tomentose beneath. Stipules not seen. Flowers

without doubt monoecious, in axillary depauperate few-noded

racemes (nodes with alternate areolate minutely hispid-bracteate

commonly 1- or 2-flowered glomerules; rachis subappressedly antrorse-

hispid, about 1-1.3 mm. thick); staminate flowers pedicellate (pedicel

appressedly antrorse-hispidulous and up to 1.5 cm. long), deeply

3-parted (sepals ovate, at apex acute or subacute, on outer surface

densely and antrorsely yellow-hispid, on inner scabrid-glabrate and

obscurely 1-7-nerved, 5-6 mm. long, at anthesis spreading), stamens

violaceous, ±200; pistillate flowers (a single one observed, this with

fruit) deeply 3-parted (sepals smaller than the similar sepals of the

staminate flowers — in fact only 3-3.5 mm. long), the minute oblong-

linear purplish-black glands only about 1-1.5 mm. long, the dark

purple subsparsely and appressedly antrorse-hispid capsule 3-celled

(cocci outwardly rounded), about 5 mm. tall and ±5 mm. thick

(a single mature seed observed; this ovoid-globose, reddish-gray,

wrinkled, scarcely 3.5 mm. long).

550 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Type specimen: Collected by Amos Arthur Heller, no. 2,878, on

the edge of the plateau above Waimea, Kauai, October 15, 1895

(Field).

Distribution: Southwestern Kauai.

Specimens examined: Heller 2,878 (type, Field: cotypes, Berl.;

Bish.; Gray; Kew; Par.).

For remarks about this species, see under C. sandwicense var.

tomentosum (p. 555).

2. Claoxylon sandwicense Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 165. 1865;

in DC. Prodr. 15": 780. 1866.

a. Leaves ventrally somewhat pilose especially along veins or finally

glabrate.

6. Leaf-blades 7-10 rarely -13 cm. long and 2-3 rarely a few -5.5

cm. wide, finally glabrate even around teeth; plant of East

Maui C. sandwicense sensu stricto.

b. Leaf-blades larger or proportionately broader,

c. Leaf-blades broadly oblong or even subrotund, larger ones

6-9 cm. long and 5-7.5 cm. wide var. f Degeneri.

c. Leaf -blades proportionately narrower.

d. Flowers singly disposed or in fascicles of 2-5.

e. Rachis and pedicels of inflorescence pubescent.

var. ft magnifolium.

e. Rachis and pedicels of inflorescence becoming glabrate

or even glabrous var. c glabrescens.

d. Flowers commonly 7-15 in a fascicle; native of north-

western Hawaii var. y Hillebrandii.

a. Leaves ventrally tomentose or when full grown moderately

appressed-hispid; native of western Kauai. .var. d tomentosum.

Small tree; branchlets densely foliose and brownish-hispid at

apex, presently glabrate. Leaf-petiole usually under 2 cm. long,

somewhat rigid, brownish-hispid; blade narrowly spatulate-obovate,

shortly and obtusely acuminate, gradually narrowed to an acute or

subacute base, rigidly membranaceous, glandular-denticulate along

the more or less narrow-indurate edges, opaque, scabrid, yellowish-

green at least when dry, finally glabrate (even around the teeth),

7-10 cm. long and 2-3 cm. wide (or larger on leaves of young plants

or of sterile branches), the veins subobscure above but moderately

visible beneath (commonly yellow-brown on drying, as also the

petiole). Flowers monoecious. Racemes up to 5.5 cm. long, axis at

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 551

first brownish-hispid with antrorse and appressed hairs but presently

glabrate, terminal flower perhaps pistillate but rest mostly staminate.

Staminate flowers: Calyx about 4-6 mm. across before anthesis and up

to 7.5 mm. tall, appressedly and antrorsely short-hispid on outer

surface, glabrate within, mostly exceeded by pedicel; sepals deltoid-

ovate, narrowed above, acute at apex. Pistillate flowers: Calyx

similar but smaller, the sepals only 1.5-2.5 mm. long and subobtuse

at apex; glands oblong-linear, purplish-black, equaling the sepals;

capsule purple, glabrate, 4.5-5 mm. across and 3^4 mm. tall, deeply

3-parted, locules rounded.

Type specimen: Collected by Charles Gaudichaud, Hawaiian

Islands, 1836 (Del.).

Distribution: Southwestern corner of East Maui.

Specimens examined: Gaudichaud, Hawaiian Isls. (Berl.; Par.);

Gaudichaud, Hawaiian Isls., October, 1836 (Del., type or cotype

specimen); Gaudichaud 392, September and October, 1836 (Field;

Par., 2 sheets) ; George C. Munro 393, at or near Ulupalakua, February

12, 1913 (Bish.); Charles N. Forbes 1,971-Af, Auwahi, south slope

of Haleakala, March 15, 1920 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field; Gray; Kew;

N. Y.); Joseph F. Rock 8,675, alt. 3,000 feet, lava fields, Auahi (i.e.,

Auwahi; Bish.; Field).

Claoxylon sandwicense var. /3 magnifolium Sherff, Amer.

Journ. Bot. 24: 88. 1937.

Fruticose or arborescent, 3-4.5 meters tall, wood soft; branches

pale and spreading, their terminal portions at first appressed-hairy

but presently glabrate. Leaf -petiole slender, subrigid, glabrate or more

often sparsely and antrorse-appressedly brown-pilose, 2-5 cm. long;

blade moderately to widely obovate-oblong, at apex obtuse or shortly

acuminate, mostly cuneate-contracted toward base, marginally

crenate-serrate or -denticulate (tips of teeth indurated, often inflexed,

often surrounded by a circular row of stiff, straightish hairs, more or

less glandular), stiff-membranaceous, dorsally scabrid-papillose and

sometimes beset with a very few appressed hairs, ventrally somewhat

antrorse-pilose especially along midvein and lesser veins with ap-

pressed and exceedingly slender hairs or finally glabrate, 8-26 cm.

long and 4-7.5 cm. wide. Stipules (fide auct.) ±4 mm. long, caducous.

Flowers monoecious, mostly clustered in distant fascicles of 2-5 and

minutely bracteate in axillary racemes (these 2-10 cm. long), their

pedicels pubescent and 3-15 mm. long, the terminal flower of the

extreme or sometimes of several fascicles being pistillate, sometimes

552 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

only one or few pistillate flowers (without staminate) at and near

the end of a much shorter rachis (fide Hillebr.). Ovary more or

less setose especially above, styles spreading-recurved. Capsule

antrorsely white-setose unless toward base, 5-6 mm. across and

4-5 mm. tall; seeds globose, rugose-scrobiculate, grayish over red,

2.6-3 mm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by Edward Y. Hosaka, no. 144, alt.

1,500 feet, Waianaeuka, Puu Kaala, Oahu, February 2, 1930 (Bish.).

Distribution: Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, West Maui, and

Hawaii.

Specimens examined: Lucy M. Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, & Carl

Skottsberg 2,852, Kokee region, Kauai, August 13, 1938 (Goth.);

Hattie Davis, alt. 2,500 feet, in the forest of Puu Kaala, Waianaeuka,

Oahu, January 8, 1933 (Bish.); Otto Degener 3,718, in dark, wet

jungle, between Glenwood and 29 Miles, Hawaii, June 15, 1929

(Berl.; Deg.; Del.; Field; Gray; Kew); Degener 7,994a, at base of

Puu Kaala, near end of Schofield Fire-Break Trail, Oahu, March 13,

1932 (Berl.; Brit.; Deg.; Del.; Field; Gray; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; Par.);1

Degener 7,9946, in dense, wet woods, same locality and date (Deg.) ;

Degener 7,997, Oahu, October 9, 1932 (Berl.; Deg.; Field); Degener

7,999, in dense, rich woods, at base of Puu Kaala, near end of Scho-

field Fire-Break Trail, Oahu, February 11, 1928 (Berl.; Brit.; Deg.;

Del.; Field; Gray; Kew; Mo.; Mun.; N. Y.); Degener 8,000, in dark,

rich jungle, between Glenwood and 29 Miles, Hawaii, June 24, 1929

(Deg.); Degener 8,001, small tree in ravine, mountains mauka of

Wahiawa, Oahu, November 25, 1926 (Berl.; Deg.; Field); Degener

8,002, in jungle, between Glenwood and 29 Miles, Hawaii, July 24,

1926 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; Gray; Par.); Degener 8,003 pro parte, in

forest, along Kalalau Trail near Kokee, Kauai, July 4, 1926 (Deg.;

Field; cum var. tomentoso commixt.); Degener, Park, Potter, Bush,

& Topping 9,958, in forest, west side of Makaleha Valley, Oahu,

July 21, 1935 (Degener); Degener, Park, Y. Nitta, & Bush 7,993,

two trees seen in shaded gulch, monoecious, leaves pale on both sides,

anthers pale blue, on north slope of South Halawa Gulch, Oahu,

April 17, 1932 (Berl.; Brit.; Deg.; Del.; Field; Goth.; Gray; Kew;

Mo. ; Mun. ; Mus. V. ; N. Y. ; Par. ; U. S.) ; Charles N. Forbes, Waiopaa,

Lanai, September 18, 1916 (Bish.); Forbes 74-Mo, Kalae, Molokai,

June, 1912 (Bish.) ; Forbes 77-M, Wainee Gulch, West Maui, May,

1 Degener states on his label: "Plants ordinarily dioecious but in several cases

flower clusters on a pistillate tree on a single branch were all staminate and vice

versa. Sexes, however, seem not to be mixed in same cluster. Anthers blue,

aging to white."

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 553

1910 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray); Forbes SOS-K, Waimea Drainage

Basin, west side, Kauai, July 3-August 18, 1917 (Berl.; Bish.; Field;

Gray); Forbes 835- K, same locality and date (Bish.; Field); Forbes

1,035- K, near Kalalau Pali, Kauai, July 3-August 18, 1917 (Bish.);

Forbes 1,286-0, Kahauiki Valley, Oahu, April 13, 1909 (Berl.; Bish.;

Field)', Forbes 1,823-O, Mokuleia, slopes of Puu Kaala, Oahu, April

26-May 16, 1912 (Bish.; Field; Gray); Forbes 2,253-M, lateral ridge,

right-hand side of Olowalu Valley, Maui, May 7, 1920 (Bish.; Field);

D. Wesley Garber & Charles N. Forbes 178 and 179, right fork of

Wailupe Valley, Oahu, January 12, 1920 (Bish.); Edward Y. Hosaka

144 (type, Bish.) ; Hosaka 832, tree 15 feet tall, in moist, open gully,

2nd north fork, Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mountains, Oahu,

November 13, 1932 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray; Kew); E. P. Hume

460, tree, alt. 2,200 feet, on dry, wooded slope, Schofield Trail to

Kaala, Oahu, April 3, 1932 (Field); Rev. J. M. Lydgate, Molokai

(Berl.); George C. Munro, Kaiholena, Lanai, September 16, 1913

(Field) ; Munro 100-L, same locality and date (Bish. ; Field) ; Munro

459, same locality, July 27, 1915 (Bish.); K. Nitta 7, alt. 2,000 feet,

Puu Kaala, Oahu, October 13, 1929 (Deg.); Jules Remy 605, Maui,

1851-1855 (Par.); Remy (similarly) 605, Lanai, 1851-1855 (Par.);

Remy 606, Hawaii, 1851-1855 (Field; Par., 2 sheets; approaching

var. glabrescens) ; Joseph F. Rock 717, Hawaiian Isls. (Field) ; Rock

8,103, Mahana Valley, Lanai, August 2, 1910 (Berl.; Bish.; Field;

Gray) ; Olof H. Selling 3,585, Waianae, Kaala, Oahu, September 25,

1938 (Goth.); Carl Skottsberg 991, in forests near Kokee Ranger

Station, Kauai, October 28, 1922 (Bish.; Goth.); Harold St. John

10,416, small tree, 15 feet tall, alt. 2,700 feet, east ridge, Puu Hapapa,

Waianae Mountains, Honouliuli, Oahu, March 16, 1930 (Bish.;

Field; Gray); St. John & Francis R.Fosberg 13,762, trees 20 feet tall,

trunk diameter 6 inches, alt. 2,500-3,300 feet, moist woods, Milolii

Ridge, Waimea, Kauai, December 27, 1933 (Berl.; Bish.; Field;

Gray; Kew); St. John, Hosaka, Hume, and others 10,820, same

locality and date (Bish.; Field; Gray); Amy Suehiro, alt. 2,400 feet,

Puu Kaala, Oahu, January 8, 1933 (Bish.); T. Yoshioka, alt. 2,200

feet, in woods on slopes of Puu Kaala, Waianaeuka, Oahu, Novem-

ber, 1933 (Bish.).

The var. magnifolium is the form commonly taken heretofore

as representing C. sandwicense proper. The latter, however, has

smaller leaves (the blade 7-10 rarely -13 cm. long and 2-3 rarely

-5.5 cm. wide) and is known only from the southwestern corner of

East Maui.

554 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Claoxylon sandwicense var. 7 Hillebrandii Sherff, Amer.

Journ. Bot. 24: 89. 1937.

Leaves when dry often bluish-green. Flowers (at least the

staminate ones) commonly 7-15-aggregated, more often sessile or

subsessile (usually only 1-3 with pedicels), often intermixed with

calloused areolae (these whitish, rounded, centrally depressed, 0.3-

0.8 mm. wide) ; calyx lobes under 4 mm. long.

Type specimen: Collected by William Hillebrand, no. 175,

Kohala Range, northwestern Hawaii (Bish.).

Distribution: Northwestern Hawaii.

Specimens examined: Charles N.Forbes 16- H, Puuwaawaa, June

8-14, 1911 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray); Hillebrand 175 (type, Bish.);

Joseph F. Rock 3,933, Puuwaawaa, June 15, 1909 (Bish.; Field);

Rock 10,095, same locality, March, 1912 (Bish.); Carl Skottsberg 683,

same locality, September 26, 1922 (Bish.; Goth.).

Hillebrand's plant had been labeled (I know not by whom),

"Claoxylon sandwicense Mull, var." The essential characters of the

inflorescence are found on examination of the specimens subse-

quently collected by Forbes, by Rock, and by Skottsberg, to have

persisted constantly for more than half a century. Rock (Indig.

Trees Haw. Isls. 255. 1913) noted the peculiarities of the plants from

the type locality in the following words: "The plants from the latter

locality [i.e., lava fields of Puuwaawaa] differ somewhat from those

of other localities in that their leaves turn to a steel-blue color on

drying, and some other minor points."

Claoxylon sandwicense var. d tomentosum Hillebr. Fl. Haw.

Isls. 399. 1888.

Leaves as in var. magnifolium but more hispid on lower surface

(which is truly tomentose only when young, being moderately

appressed-hispid at maturity); inflorescence said to be sometimes

paniculate.

Type specimen: Collected by Valdemar Knudsen, Kauai (Berl.).

Distribution: Kauai.

Specimens examined: A. Brodie 4,035, Kauai (Bish.); Lucy M.

Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, & Carl Skottsberg 2,8526, along Kalalau

Trail, Kokee region, August 20, 1938 (Goth.); Otto Degener 8,003

pro parte, in forest, along Kalalau Trail near Kokee, July 4, 1926

(Field; Kew; cum var. magnifolio commixt.) ; Charles N. Forbes 442- K,

Kaholuamanu behind Waimea, September, 1909 (Bish.; Field; Gray);

Rev. J. M. Lydgate, Olokele Valley (Bish.) ; Lydgate 7, same locality

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 555

(Bish.); Horace Mann & William T. Brigham 586, alt. 2,000-3,000

feet, Waimea, 1864-1865 (Bish.; Corn.; Field) ; Joseph F. Rock 1,807,

Hawaiian Isls. (Bish.); Rock 2,075, Halemanu, February 14-26,

1909 (Bish.) ; Rock 5,595, alt. 3,700 feet, along trail and water-courses

leading to Waialae Stream, September, 1909 (Bish.; Field; Gray);

Rock 12,937, Kaholuamanu, October, 1916 (Bish.).

Wawra (Flora 58: 148. 1875) described Claoxylon sandwicense,

for which he understood his own no. 2,078 (later named var. tomen-

tosum by Hillebrand), as dioecious. Several of the specimens ex-

amined, however, are monoecious (as in the species proper) and it

may well be that Wawra had unrepresentative specimens before him.

Heller (Minnesota Bot. Studs. 1: 843. 1897) incorrectly took his

own no. 2,878 (from the edge of the plateau above Waimea, Kauai)

as representing Hillebrand's var. tomentosum. He raised var. to-

mentosum to specific rank. Botanists since have quite generally

accepted Heller's change. Heller's 2,878, however, is unlike the

various other specimens which botanists have labeled, no doubt

correctly, tomentosum. It has the fully expanded leaves densely

and shortly silken-tomentulose underneath, the arcuate setulae

forming a yellowish-brown coating particularly velvety to the touch.

I have named it C. Helleri (p. 549). In var. tomentosum the fully

grown leaves are moderately to subsparsely appressed-hispid be-

neath, the longer and usually straighter hairs being more whitish

and giving a hispid rather than tomentose appearance to the lower

surfaces of the leaves (cf. Wawram loc. cit.: "fol. novella tomentosa

vetustiora glabrata").

Claoxylon sandwicense var. e glabrescens (Sherff) comb,

nov.; Claoxylon sandwicense var. magnifolium f. glabrescens Sherff,

Amer. Journ. Bot. 24: 89. 1937.

Similar to var. magnifolium but with leaves more frequently

membranaceous or papery-thin, more frequently bluish-purple when

dry, and with rachis and pedicels of inflorescence becoming glabrous

or at least glabrate.

Type specimen: Collected by Harold St. John, no. 17618, shrub

4 feet tall, alt. 2,200 feet, on wooded slope, Puu Kawiwi-Puu Kaala

Ridge, Makaha, Oahu, March 31, 1935 (Bish.).

Distribution: Oahu, Lanai, and Hawaii.

Specimens examined: Anonymous (probably Adelbert Von Cha-

misso on Oahu; Field); Chamisso, see Von Chamisso; Erling Chris-

topher sen 3,699, tree, alt. 520 meters, in forest grove at head of valley

556 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

5, below Kanehoa, central Lualualei, Waianae Mountains, Oahu,

June 15, 1932 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray); Otto Degener 7,995, in open

woods, third small valley northeast of Palikea, Oahu, September 19,

1932 (Berl.; Brit.; Deg.; Del.; Field, 2 sheets; Gray; Kew; Mo.;

Mun.; Mus. V.; N. Y.; Petrop.; Phila.; U. S.; U. V.); Degener 7,996;

in open thicket, west side of Pohakea Pass, Oahu, July 30, 1932

(Berl.; Brit.; Deg.; Del.; Field; Mun.; Mus. V.); Degener, Kwan

Park, & Yoshimasa Nitta 7,998, near summit of Piko Trail, Makua

Valley, Oahu, July 10, 1932 (Deg.; Field); Charles N.Forbes, Oahu,

April 13, 1909 (Bish.); Forbes 13-L, Kaiholena Valley, Lanai, June,

1913 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray; Kew; N. Y.; U. S.); Forbes 1,807-0,

Mokuleia, slopes of Puu Kaala, Oahu, April 26-May 16, 1912 (Bish.;

Field); William Hillebrand, Puu Kaala, Oahu (Berl.); Hillebrand,

Nuuanu, Oahu (Berl.); Hillebrand, Lanai, July, 1870 (Berl.); Hille-

brand & Rev. J. M.Lydgate, Hilo, Hawaii, April, 1871 (Bish.)', Edward

Y. Hosaka & Otto Degener 1,942, tree 20 feet tall, rare, on wooded,

semi-moist gully, Keaau-Makua Forest Reserve, Makua, Waianae

Mountains, January 13, 1938 (Bish.; Del.; Field) ; Edward P. Hume

527, alt. 2,200 feet, on steep, dry, wooded ridge, Makaha Valley,

Waianae Range, Oahu, April 3, 1932 (Bish.) ; George C. Munro 20,

Lanai (Bish.); Munro 256, Lanai (Bish.); Harold St. John 10,361,

tree 20 feet tall, alt. 1,700 feet, on stream bank, north fork of valley

east of Palikea, Waianae Mountains, Honouliuli, Oahu, February 23,

1930 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field; Par.); St. John 11,608, small tree 15

feet tall, alt. 1,700 feet, on wooded bank above stream, Makaha

Valley, Waianae Mountains, April 3, 1932 (Berl.; Bish.; Field); St.

John 12,929, shrub 5 feet tall, alt. 2,000 feet, in wooded gulch, Puu

Kaala, Waianaeuka, Oahu, January 8, 1933 (Bish.; Field); St. John

17,618 (type, Bish.: cotypes, Field; Gray); St. John & Francis R.

Fosberg 12,128, tree 20 feet tall, alt. 1,300 feet, in moist woods, 2nd

gulch east of Puu Kaupakuhale, northeast slope of Puu Kaala,

Mokuleia, Oahu, October 23, 1932 (Bishop; Field); Adelbert Von

Chamisso 65', Oahu, 1817 (Berl.).

Claoxylon sandwicense var. f Degeneri, var. nov.

Varietati magnifolio similis sed differt: foliorum laminis late

oblongis etiam subrotundatis, apice nunc rotundis nunc subtruncato-

emarginatis, basi latissime cuneatis vel truncatis, principalium 6-9

cm. longis et 5-7.5 cm. latis.

Similar to var. magnifolium but differing in its leaf -blades; these

broadly oblong or even subrotundate, at apex now rotund now

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 557

subtruncate-emarginate, at base very broadly cuneate or truncate,

principal ones 6-9 cm. long and 5-7.5 cm. wide.

Type specimen: Collected by Otto Degener, no. 8,004, in Waimea

Canyon near Kokee, Kauai, June 30, 1926 (Field).

Distribution: Northwestern Kauai.

Specimens examined: Degener 8,004 (type, Field: cotype, Berl.);

Harold St. John, Edward Y. Hosaka, Edward P. Hume, et alii

10,814, alt. 3,500 feet, Nualolo Trail, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve,

December 28, 1930 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Gray; Kew).

This interesting variety is named after the collector of its type

material, Mr. Otto Degener, to whom I am indebted for the encour-

agement originally to study the genus Claoxylon and for his whole-

hearted co-operation in assembling additional herbarium specimens

for my study. Rock 5,593 and St. John, Hosaka, Hume, et alii

W,S2Qbis (both collections at present inaccessible to me) were

formerly suspected of being hybrids, the first between C. Helleri and

C. sandwicense var. tomentosum, the second between C. Helleri

and C. sandwicense var. magnifolium.1 They both doubtless belong

here. Rock's plants were collected on outskirts of forest below

Kaholuamanu, Kauai, September, 1909 (Bish.; Field). The plants

by St. John, Hosaka, Hume, and others came from woods, alt. 2,000-

3,750 feet, Nualolo Trail, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, Kauai,

December 28, 1930 (Bish.; Field).

3. Claoxylon Remyi sp. nov.; Claoxylon insigne H. Baill. ex

Drake del Castillo, Illustr. Fl. Insul. Mar. Pacif. 291. 1892 (nomen

subnudum).

Ligneum, probabiliter arborescens, cortice griseo. Folia maxima,

ramuli apicem versus conferta, opposita, suberecta, parce petiolata

petiolo brevi (sub 1 cm. longo) conduplicato hispidulo marginato

crassoque; lamina obovato-spathulata, apice obtusa, sub medio

usque ad basim sensim angustata, margine integra vel obsoletissime

minutissimeque denticulata, supra glabrata, infra hispidula, sicca

utrinque minutissime numerosissimeque punctulata, ±3 dm. longa

et ±1.1 dm. lata. Flores (forsitan monoici, unicus ad anthesin et

3 capsulae pro typo visae) solitarii in axillis, pedicellati pedicello

dense minuteque hispido 2-4-nodoso (nodis cum bracteis oppositis

ovatis 1-2 mm. longis) demum ±2.5 cm. longo. Calyx 4-partitus;

sepalis ovato-rotundis, membranaceis, margine eroso-crenulatis et

1 In my former treatment of this apparent hybrid (Amer. Journ. Bot. 24: 88.

1937), the words "var. magnifolium" were omitted through oversight.

558 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

subhyalinis, utrinque densissime pubescentibus, 4-9 mm. longis.

Capsula distincte 4-partita et 4-loculata, circ. 2.5 cm. lata et 1.2-1.6

cm. alta, minutissime pubescens, coccis dorsaliter rotundatis et vix

carinatis.

Ligneous, probably arborescent, with grayish bark. Leaves very

large, clustered toward tip of branchlet, opposite, suberect, scarcely

petiolate; petiole short (under 1 cm. long), conduplicate, hispidulous,

marginate, thick; blade obovate-spatulate, at apex obtuse, gradually

narrowed from below middle all way to base, marginally entire or

very obsoletely and very minutely denticulate, glabrate above,

hispidulous below, in dry state very minutely and very numerously

punctulate on both surfaces, ±3 dm. long and ±1.1 dm. wide.

Flowers (perhaps monoecious, a single one at anthesis and three at

fruiting stage seen on type) solitary in axils, pedicellate; pedicel

densely and minutely hispid, 2-4-nodose (nodes subtended with

bracts, these opposite, ovate, and 1-2 mm. long), finally ±2.5 cm.

long. Calyx 4-parted ; sepals ovate-rotund, membranaceous, margin-

ally erose-crenulate and subhyaline, on both surfaces very densely

pubescent, 4-9 mm. long. Capsule distinctly 4-parted and 4-loculate,

about 2.5 cm. wide and 1.2-1.6 cm. tall, very minutely pubescent, the

cocci dorsally rounded and scarcely carinate.

Type specimen: Collected by Jules Remy, no. 604, on Island of

Hawaii, 1851-1855 (Par.).

Distribution: Known only from Hawaii.

Specimens examined: Remy 604 (type, Par.).

A NEW SPECIES OF ALEURITES FORST.

Aleurites Remyi sp. nov.

Arbor, ramis ignotis. Folia longipetiolata petiolis teretibus

irregulariter subalato-striatis breviter stellato-pubescentibus usque

ad 2.5 dm. longis; lamina membranacea, irregulariter saepius 5-

lobata, 1-2 dm. longa, inter sinus inferiores laterales 5-10 cm. lata,

e basi truncata palmatim 5-venosa venis pennivenulosis et infra

elatis, supra minute stellato-pubescenti, infra sparsissime vel secun-

dum venas interdum moderate sed semper minute stellato-pubes-

centi; lobis basalibus recte divaricatis, subulato-linearibus, 1-4.5 cm.

longis, apice paulum antroversis retroversisve; medianis lineari-

lanceolatis, antroversis, 1.5-7 cm. longis; terminali ovato- vel lanceo-

lato-oblongo, apice acuminate, utroque latere interdum obscure

sinuoso vel obscurissime 1^-lobulato, usque ad 1.3 dm. longo basi

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 559

extrema 6-8 cm. lato. Flores feminei ignoti; masculini forsitan iis

A. moluccanae similes.

Tree, branches unknown. Leaves long-petioled; petiole terete,

irregularly subalate-striate, shortly stellate-pubescent, up to 2.5

dm. long; blade membranaceous, irregularly more often 5-lobed,

1-2 dm. long, 5-10 cm. wide between the lower lateral sinuses, trun-

cate at base, palmately 5-veined (the principal veins salient beneath

and pinnately branched), minutely stellate-pubescent above, very

sparsely or along the veins sometimes moderately but always mi-

nutely stellate-pubescent beneath; basal lobes straight-divaricate,

subulate-linear, 1-4.5 cm. long, their tip bent slightly forward or

backward; median lobes linear-lanceolate, directed forward, 1.5-7

cm. long; terminal lobe ovate- or lanceolate-oblong, at apex acumi-

nate, on each side at times obscurely sinuous or very obscurely

1-4-lobulate, up to 1.3 dm. long, at extreme base (i.e., from base to

base of subtending sinuses) 6-8 cm. wide. Pistillate flowers unknown ;

staminate flowers perhaps similar to those of A. moluccana.

Specimens examined: Jules Remy 600 pro parte, Hawaiian Isls.,

1851-1855 (3 type sheets, Par.).

Remy collected considerable material of Aleurites in the Hawaiian

Islands nearly a century ago, and this all was put under his number

600 in the Museum of Natural History at Paris. Most of the speci-

mens are of the well known and widely distributed A. moluccana (L.)

Willd. There are three sheets of mounted and several folders of

unmounted material, however, which differ at once in the foliage

and may be taken as typifying a new species. A. moluccana itself

has long been noted for its variations in foliar size and outline. Some

of its leaves are simple and some are variously 2-7-lobed; only a few

are basally truncate, most of them being rounded or cordate; the

lobes when present are normally short and broad or triangular, and

particularly the terminal lobe is more or less deltoid, being about as

broad at the extreme base as long (the only exception so far observed

being a highly anomalous specimen collected by a Mr. Podmore

above Kailua, on road to Holualoa, North Kona, Hawaii, in 1932,

and deposited in Bishop Museum). A. Remyi differs conspicuously

in its slender, elongate lateral lobes and its more or less oblong termi-

nal lobe. Since A. moluccana is a species of very wide distribution

(tropical Polynesia, a great part of Malaysia and the Philippine

Islands, etc.) and never anywhere outside the Hawaiian Islands has

been observed to produce leaves of this peculiar shape, and since the

Hawaiian Islands are known definitely to abound in endemic forms,

560 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

there seems no doubt that Remy collected an undescribed, endemic

species. I have searched through much material lent me from the

Berlin Botanical Garden, the Museum of Natural History of Paris,

the Bernice P. Bishop Museum of Honolulu, the large private her-

barium of Mr. Otto Degener in Honolulu, the herbarium of Cornell

University, and elsewhere, hoping to find that this strange species

had been collected again since Remy's day, but in vain. Hillebrand

(Fl. Haw. Isls. 400. 1888) gave only A. moluccana, as did Rock later,

in his Indigenous Trees of the Hawaiian Islands (p. 255. 1913).

The first and second type sheets at Paris have small, detached

portions of staminate inflorescence separately mounted. These are

entirely typical for A. moluccana, but in view of Remy's having

collected much A. moluccana material at the time and confused the

two kinds under the same collection number 600, no reliance can be

placed upon the floral characters thus displayed.

NOTES ON DRYPETES VAHL

Drypetes Forbesii sp. nov.

Arbor sine dubio dioica; unico ramulo viso griseo conferte lenti-

cellato, internodiis 1-2.5 cm. longis, cortice sicco longitudinaliter

ruguloso aliter glabro. Folia alterna, glaberrima; petiolo moderate

gracili, circ. 9-12 mm. longo, recto vel aegre arcuato; lamina ovata

vel interdum obovata, subcoriacea, apice obtusa vel vix acuminata,

basi latissime cuneata vel fere subrotundata, 7-9 cm. longa et 4.2-5.8

cm. lata, penninervia nervis lateralibus principalibus circ. 6 jugis,

infra pulcherrime reticulato-nervulosa, marginibus aegre serrata

dentibus 7-13 pro utroque latere ±3-8 mm. longis sed sub 1 mm.

altis. Stipulae (non visae) probabiliter caducae. Flores ignotae.

Fructus normaliter in racemis axillaribus simplicibus vel rarius basim

versus fasciculate 2- vel 3-ramosis 3-5-congregati, pedicello glabro,

saepius recto, circ. 6-7 mm. longo; sepalis 4, ovatis, integris sed

marginibus et faciebus (praesertim interiori) plus minusve hirsutis,

demum patenti-recurvatis, circ. 2 mm. longis; staminibus rudimen-

tariis brevissimis, siccis atris, antheris oblongis; disco 4-lobato lobis

episepalis, deltoideo-ovatis, membranaceis, plus minusve serrulatis,

ad fructus adstricto-adpressis, plerumque 1-2.5 mm. longis; ovario

submaturo subobovato-globoso (itaque tereti vel subtereti), sicco

atro, glabro, 8-11 mm. alto; stylo brevissimo (circ. 0.5 mm.), crasso;

stigmate bifido, lobis reniformibus.

Tree, doubtless dioecious; a single branchlet seen, this gray and

thickly lenticellate, internodes 1-2.5 cm. long, bark when dry length-

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 561

wise wrinkled but otherwise glabrous. Leaves alternate, very gla-

brous; petiole moderately slender, about 9-12 mm. long, straight or

slightly curved; blade ovate or at times obovate, subcoriaceous,

apically obtuse or barely acuminate, basally very broadly cuneate

or almost subrotundate, 7-9 cm. long and 4.2-5.8 cm. wide, penni-

nerved with about 6 pairs of principal lateral nerves, very beautifully

reticulate-nervulose beneath, each edge weakly serrate with 7-13

teeth, these ±3-8 mm. long but under 1 mm. tall. Stipules (not

seen) probably caducous. Florets unknown. Fruits normally in

axillary and simple or more rarely toward base fasciculately 2- or 3-

branched racemes, the glabrous pedicel about 6-7 mm. long and

more often straight; sepals 4, ovate, entire but marginally and

facially (especially on inner face) more or less hirsute, finally spread-

ing-recurved, about 2 mm. long; stamens rudimentary, very short,

black when dry, their anthers oblong; disc 4-lobed; lobes episepalous,

deltoid-ovate, membranaceous, more or less serrulate, tightly ap-

pressed to the fruit, commonly 1-2.5 mm. long; ovary submature,

subobovate-globose (thus terete or subterete), black when dry,

glabrous, 8-11 mm. tall; style very short (about 0.5 mm.), thick;

stigma bifid, its lobes reniform.

Specimens examined: Charles Noyes Forbes 1,008-0, Konahuanui

Ridge, Oahu, January 6, 1909 (type, Bish.).

Forbes had mistaken his plant for Antidesma platyphyllum Mann,

which it resembled in foliage except for its narrower and longer

petioles, but from which it differed at once in not having the fruits

strongly compressed and numerous on very short (1-4 mm.) pedicels in

delicate racemose subdivisions of a lax panicle 4-10 cm. long. Forbes'

plant would belong in the Old World genus Cyclostemon Blume, now

merged by Hutchinson (in Thistleton-Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 61: 674.

1912) and by F. Pax and K. Hoffmann (in Pax in Engler, Pflanzen-

reich IV. 147. xv. 237 et seq. 1922) and by F. Pax (op. cit. 229) with

the New World Dry petes Vahl.

I have seen no staminate material. The species is undoubtedly

very rare and perhaps on the road to extinction. A search should be

made for additional material in the type locality to permit of amplify-

ing the description and of determining the subgeneric affinities more

precisely. Particularly will a study of the seed development and

structure be advisable to note the presence or absence of an aril

(vide infra).

J. F. Rock (Indig. Trees Haw. Isls. 243. 1913) described a related

species from the Island of Hawaii, erecting for it a new genus, Neo-

562 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

wawraea, and designating it N. Phyllanthoides. His species has the

leaves mostly thinner and larger, perfectly or essentially entire, and

at base mostly cordate or subcordate. He describes the fruit as a

globose berry "with persistent calyx." In Dry petes Forbesii the sub-

mature fruits have the disc-lobes closely adhering to the base, simulat-

ing a persistent calyx, but the real calyx, which is separated from the

disc by a circle of rudimentary stamens, spreads out and has its four

lobes more or less recurved. The effect in this case is to make the

ovary seem, though falsely so, as if shortly and thickly stipitate.

Wawra described the seeds of Neowawraea as being enclosed in an

arillus. I have not been able to confirm or disprove this statement,

the specimens of Wawra's species examined by me all having lacked

good fruits. Unfortunately, Wawra seems to have overlooked

Cyclostemon and Drypetes in classifying his new species, for he con-

trasted it only with the very different genera Phyllanthus and Bis-

chofia. Likewise unfortunately, Pax (loc. cit.) overlooked Rock's

proposed genus Neowawraea when monographing Drypetes. Thus the

genus Neowawraea with its one species Phyllanthoides could not

fairly be said to represent either Rock's or Pax's best judgment as to

its validity. There appears, however, no warrant for longer main-

taining Neowawraea. It is therefore referred here to Drypetes Vahl

and its one described species renamed :

Drypetes Phyllanthoides (Rock) comb, nov.; Neowawraea

Phyllanthoides Rock, loc. cit.

Specimens examined: Erling Christophersen 3,654, alt. ±600

meters, tree in open forest on valley side, Makua Valley, Oahu,

April 20, 1932 (Bish.); Otto Degener 9,099, giant dying tree in forest,

Kamokuiki Valley (between Puuiki and Puu Kamaohanui, Oahu,

April 12, 1933 (Deg.); Degener, Bush, Potter, Ordonez, & Foster 12,341,

single dying, hollow tree in forest, Honouliuli Trail on southeast

slope of Puu Hapapa, Oahu, May 21, 1939 (Berl.; Deg.; Del.; Field);

Degener & Charles Sheldon Judd 11,010, huge tree v/ith trunk 12 feet

in circumference and in general resembling an old chestnut tree,

almost extinct, on open, forested, valley side, southeast corner of

Makua Valley, Oahu, September 27, 1932 (Berl.; Deg.; Field; Par.);

C. S. Judd, alt. 1,200 feet, 250 yards below trail, near Milolii, Paaiki

Valley, Kauai, July, 1932 (Bish.; referred by Judd to Drypetes);

H. K. Keppeler, 100 feet oceanward of Government Road and about

1 mile south of Okoe boundary, Kapua, South Kona, Hawaii, "3

trees seen, all dying," December, 1932 (Bish.); Noel H. Krauss, alt.

800-1,000 feet, Piko trail, Kahanahaiki Valley, Waianae Mts.,

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 563

Oahu, December 30, 1933 (Field); Alfred Meebold (Otto Degener

distrib. no.) 9,097, "only one tree which was found by Rock — this is

dying," along Kau Road within 2-3 miles of new tourist rest-house on

left-hand side 40 yards from road, Hawaii, May, 1932 (Deg.); Harold

St. John 13,157, growing 20 feet tall with trunk 8 feet in diameter,

top and center dead, part of main trunk and sprouts alive, alt. 1,800

feet, steep gulch, Pohakea Pass, Waianae Mts., Honouliuli Forest

Reserve, Oahu, May 12, 1933 (Field) ; St. John, E. Y. Hashimoto,

E. Y. Hosaka, J. C. Lindsay, & D. D. Mitchell 11,354, type tree,

half dead, 25 feet tall, trunk diameter 2.5 feet, alt. 2,000 feet, Kapua

on aa, South Kona, Hawaii, December 27, 1931 (Bish.).1

NOTES ON PHYLLANTHUS L.

Phyllanthus sandwicensis Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 31. Circa

1862; DC. Prodr. 15": 389. 1862; Phyllanthus distichus Hook. & Arn.

Bot. Beechey's Voy. 95. 1832 (non P. distichus [L.] Muell. Arg.);

Phyllanthus sandwicensis var. oblongifolius Muell. Arg. locis cit.;

Phyllanthus sandwicensis f. grandifolia Wawra, Flora 58: 149. 1875.

Specimens examined : George Barclay, Oahu, 1837 (Par.} "Frederick

Debell Bennett, Oahu, 1833-1836 (Berl.; native name, ahii); William

Allanson Bryan 653, Pacific Heights, Oahu, December 20, 1903

(Bish.); Wittiam Bush (Otto Degener distrib. no.) 8,013, Helemanu

(Helemano) Ridge, Oahu, June 23, 1929 (Deg., 2 sheets); Adelbert

Chamisso, see Von Chamisso; Erling Christophersen, Gerrit Parmile

Wilder, & Edward Hume 1,516, in forest, alt. 450-600 meters,

Kuliouou, Oahu, February 5, 1931 (Bish.); Christophersen, Wilder,

& Hume 1,523, same locality and date (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field;

Gray; Par.); Otto Degener 2,464, Kuliouou Valley, near head of, on

rocks, Oahu, December 11, 1927 (Deg.) ; Degener 4,145, in moderately

dry forest, up Paumalu Ridge, Waialee, Oahu, October 18, 1931

(Deg., 2 sheets) ; Degener 8,015, on steep, rainy ridge, Waianae Valley

up toward Mt. Kaala, Oahu, April 24, 1932 (Deg.); Degener 8,022,

in rainy woods, along Manoa Cliff Trail, Oahu, February 6, 1927

1 Mr. Degener mentioned (in herb.) that this species occurred also upon Molo-

kai. He recently wrote Mr. Charles Sheldon Judd, Territorial Forester of the

Hawaiian Islands, relative to the Molokai habitat and Mr. Judd replied (under

date of May 16, 1939): "The Neowawraea which Russ found on Molokai was only

a small tree. The last time he was up there he returned from Molokai and told me

that the tree had died There is a good specimen on Kauai, however, which I

think you should add to your collection. It is in the region where the Kauai red

cotton trees grow and I saw it there about three years ago. About the only person

who knows how to locate it is Mr. Albert W. Duvel. It is in the region near Nua-

lolo near the edge of the steep cliffs." It will be observed that the specimen already

cited above as having been collected by Judd near Milolii, Paiiki Valley, came

from "the region near Nualolo" and perhaps from the same tree.

564 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

(Deg.) ; Degener 8,023, usually 1.5-2 feet tall but where overshadowed

growing to 4 or even 5 feet, Hauula, Oahu, November 13, 1927 (Deg.) ;

Degener 8,024, on dry mountain near Waihee, West Maui, July 2,

1927 (Deg.) ; Degener 8,025, Oahu, February 20, 1927 (Deg.) ; Degener

8,027, near Oopuola Stream, East Maui, July 7, 1927 (Deg.) ; Degener

8,029, northeast of Nuuanu Valley, Oahu, November 20, 1926 (Deg.);

Degener & Emilio Ordonez 12,185, on dryish, forested slope, Kaaawa

Gulch (mouth of Kaala), Oahu, August 2, 1938 (Berl.; Deg.; Field);

Degener, K. Park, Y. Nitta, 0. Swezey, & D. L. Topping 8,014, in

forest, middle ridge of Niu Valley, Oahu, June 4, 1932 (Corn.; Deg.,

2 sheets); Frank E. Egler 37-201, alt. 320 meters, in opening in

forest, koa zone, at branch in stream, west Niu gulch, Oahu, July 20,

1937 (Bish.); Abbe UrbainFaurie 485, Koloa, Kauai, December, 1909

(Par.) ; Faurie 489, Kaala, Hawaii, November, 1909 (Del., 2 sheets;

Par.); Charles N.Forbes, Waiolani Ridge, Oahu, December 10, 1908

(Berl.; Bish.; Field) ; Forbes, Mokuleia, slopes of Kaala, Oahu, April

26-May 16, 1912 (Berl.; Bish.; Field) ; Forbes 1,669-0, Puu-0-Kona,

Oahu, March 14, 1911 (Bish.; Field) ; Forbes 2,021-O, ridge east of

Kouliououiki, Oahu, November 17, 1914 (Bish.; Field); Forbes

2,372-M, upper part of Olowalu Valley, Maui, May 14, 1920 (Berl.;

Bish. ; Field) ; Francis Raymond Fosberg 12,358, growing 5 dm. tall,

alt. 400 meters, on dry, brushy ridge, south side of Makua Valley,

Waianae Mts., Oahu, November 17, 1935 (Bish.; Field); D. Wesley

Garber 423, Manoa Cliff Trail, Oahu, June 13, 1920 (Bish., 2 sheets);

Gaudichaud, Hawaiian Isls. (Par.);Gaudichaud 288, Hawaiian Islands,

September and October, 1836 (Par., doubtless type material);

A. A. Heller 2,196, on the ridge west of the Hanapepe River, Kauai,

August 6, 1895 (Corn.; Par.); William Hillebrand, Waianae, Oahu

(Berl.); Hillebrand, Niu, Oahu (Berl.); Albert S. Hitchcock 15,225,

alt. 1,400 feet, Olokele Gulch, Kauai, October 18, 1916 (U. S.);

Edward P. Hume, alt. 600 meters, north ridge, Kaaawa, Oahu,

April 12, 1931 (Bish.); Hume 389, alt. 2,100 feet, open ridge, Puu

Hapapa, Waianae Mts., Oahu, December 1, 1931 (Bish.); Horace

Mann & William T. Brigham, Hawaiian Islands (Bish.); Mann &

Brigham 104, Oahu (Bish.; Corn., 2 sheets); Mann & Brigham 435

and 436, Hawaiian Isls. (Bish.); H. Ochiae (Otto Degener distrib. no.)

8,031, Oahu, November 20, 1926 (Deg.); Olaf Oswald & Gertrude E.

Douglas 466, alt. about 2,000 feet, Middle Ridge Trail, Niu, Oahu,

July 29, 1928 (Corn.); Jules Remy 601, Maui, 1851-1855 (Berl.;

Field); Joseph F. Rock 4,811, Niu Valley, Oahu, August 22, 1909

(Bish.); Billie Seamster (Otto Degener distrib. no.) 8,035, trail near

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 565

hair-pin turn, Nuuanu Pali, Oahu, November 20, 1926 (Deg.);

Carl Skottsberg 302, Palehua, Waianae Mts., Oahu, August 23, 1922

(Bish.); Skottsberg 398, Makaleha Valley, Waianae, Oahu, August 30,

1922 (Bish.) ; D. LeRoy Topping 2,748, Niu Ridge, Oahu, September

7, 1924 (Deg.); Topping 3,039, Makaleha Valley, Oahu, February 22,

1925 (Deg.); Adelbert Von Chamisso 192, Oahu (Berl.; labeled by

Mueller-Argau for his var. oblongifolius).

Mueller (loc. cit.) described his Phyllanthus sandwicensis rather

generally and followed it with a detailed description of four proposed

varieties: a oblongifolius, 0 ellipticus, 7 parvifolius, and 8 radicans.

Unlike most authors, Mueller frequently used the alpha position for

a variety different from the species proper and the beta position for

the var. genuina. In the present case, however, he described no var.

genuina and his alpha var. oblongifolius may be taken as typifying

the species proper. Indeed, in his treatment for De Candolle's Pro-

dromus, Mueller cited P. distichus Hook. & Arn. (nee alior.) as

synonymous with his own P. sandwicensis proper, and P. distichus

Hook. & Arn. as identical with the var. oblongifolius Muell. Arg. Doubt-

less because of these facts, Hillebrand (PI. Haw. Isls. 401. 1888)

retained essentially the description of a oblongifolius for P. sand-

wicensis proper and excluded Mueller's other three varieties, placing

them all under one unnamed var. 0. I have recently examined (and

again have before me) a number of original specimens collected by

Gaudichaud and by Chamisso, and specimens principally cited by

Mueller for his varieties. From these it becomes evident, in the

light of numerous additional specimens collected since Mueller's

time, that Hillebrand's judgment, as far as Mueller's four varieties

were concerned, was sound. Hillebrand, as already implied however,

did not exercise his right to choose from among Mueller's varietal

names one to be retained. Since I can find in literature no formal

treatment of this matter made by anyone else and a choice of names

must be made in accordance with the present-day International

Rules, I here choose Mueller's var. 0 ellipticus to stand for Hille-

brand's var. j8 exclusive of material from the Islands of Molokai and

Lanai, and thus to include Mueller's vars. p,y, and 5 (also P. sand-

wicensis f. parvifolius Wawra, Flora 58: 149. 1875).

Specimens of Phyllanthus sandwicensis var. ellipticus examined:

Anon. (Otto Degener distrib. no.) 8,034, trail near hair-pin turn,

Nuuanu Pali, Oahu, November 20, 1926 (Deg.); Adelbert Chamisso,

see Von Chamisso; Erling Christophersen 1,272, alt. 400-500 meters,

Kalihi Pali, Oahu, March 11, 1930 (Bish.; Field); Christophersen,

566 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Wilder, & Hume 1,503, in open forest, alt. 3-500 meters, head of

Kalihi Valley, Oahu, January 25, 1931 (Berl.; Bish.; Field; Del.);

Otto Degener 8,028, rocky ridge northeast of Kipu, Kauai, June 17,

1926 (Deg.); Degener, Salucop, & Arlantico 11,645, in decadent

forest, alt. 1,500 feet, Kawaihapai, Oahu, January 1, 1938 (Berl.;

Deg.; Field; etc.); Degener & C. L. Shear 8,026, on Konahuanui and

Honolulu side of Nuuanu Pali, Oahu, February 6, 1928 (Corn.; Deg.,

2 sheets) ;F. Didrichsen 3,535, Oahu, 1845-1847 (Bish.); Abbe Urbain

Faurie 462, Kalihi Pali, Oahu, October, 1909 (Bish.; Brit.; Par.; type

material of Euphorbia multiformis var. microphylla LeVl. in Fedde,

Repert. 10: 151. 1911 [non Boiss.]); Charles N. Forbes 720- K, left-

hand side of Kipu Kai Gap, Haupu Range, Kauai, November 1, 1916

(Bish.) ; Forbes 1,046-0, ridge, west side of Nuuanu Valley, Oahu,

January 20, 1909 (Field); Forbes 1,269-0, Moanalua Valley, Oahu,

April 6, 1909 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field) ; Forbes 1,426-0, west side of

Nuuanu Valley, Oahu, December 17, 1909 (Bish.; Field); Forbes

1,520-0, Nuuanu Pali, Oahu, June 17, 1909 (Field) ; Forbes 1,585-0,

Popouwela, Waianae Range, Oahu, April 27, 1910 (Field); Forbes

2,490-0, Manoa Cliff trail, May 1, 1917 (Bish.; Field) ; Francis R.

Fosberg 12,189, alt. 375 meters, on dry rock ledges, north ridge of

Kahaluu Valley, Koolau Mts., Oahu, July 4, 1935 (Berl.; Bish.;

Field) ; Fosberg 14,126, alt. 100-150 meters, crevice in moist basalt

cliff, Sacred Falls, Kaluanui Gulch, Koolau Mts., Oahu, June 20,

1937 (Bish.); Gaudichaud, Hawaiian Isls., October, 1836 (Del.;

determined by Mueller- Argau for his var. parvifolius)', Gaudichaud

289, same locality and date (Del.)', Gaudichaud 290, same locality and

date (Berl.; Del.; Par.; type collection); Amos Arthur Heller 2,196,

at the Pali, Oahu, April 23, 1895 (Field); Heller (similarly) 2,196,

Nuuanu Pali, Oahu, October 29, 1895 (Bish.; Field); William Hille-

brand, Oahu (Berl., 2 sheets; labeled by Hillebrand for his var. /3);

Edward Yataro Hosaka 1,329, plant 2 feet tall, on wooded head of

gully, alt. 1,500 feet, Kealia, Waianae Mts., Oahu, February 2, 1936

(Berl.; Bish.; Field) ; Edward P. Hume 348, alt. 1,800 feet, open side

hill, Manoa Cliff trail, Koolau Mts., Oahu, November 28, 1931 (Bish.) ;

Rev. J. M. Lydgate, Mahaulepu, Kauai (Bish.); Horace Mann &

William T. Brigham 515, Hawaiian Isls. (Bish.); Jules Remy 603,

Oahu, 1851-1855 (Field; Par.);Billie Seamster (Otto Degener distrib.

nos.) 8,032 and 8,033, south side of Nuuanu Pali road, Oahu, Decem-

ber 5, 1926 (Deg.); Adelbert Von Chamisso 191, Oahu (Berl., where

labeled by Mueller-Argau for his var. ellipticus; Petrop.); Von Cha-

misso 192, Oahu (Petrop.).

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 567

In general, P. sandwicensis proper has leaves of ovate to lanceo-

late shape and more often from 3 to 8 cm. long, while var. ellipticus

has leaves mostly ovate-oblong, broadly oblong, or suborbicular,

and usually 1-3 cm. long. In both forms there is manifest a tendency

to have larger leaves above and smaller ones below. Many sheets of

var. ellipticus in herbaria display sprays with leaves mostly 1.5-2.5

cm. long and sprays with smaller leaves scarcely or little more than

half as long. Frequently entire plants, especially from situations

exposed to strong winds, have these smaller leaves and then are

Mueller's "var. parvifolius." Occasionally, the lower branches are

more or less prostrate and root here and there, the plants then typify-

ing Mueller's "var. radicans." Very rarely, P. sandwicensis proper

produces a dwarf, leafy form with leaves elliptic-lanceolate and

mostly 0.7-2 cm. long. An example of this rare state was collected

by Hillebrand at Waianae, but was incorrectly referred by him to

var. parvifolius Muell. Arg.

Hillebrand (loc. cit.) stated that P. sandwicensis proper was

found on all of the Hawaiian Islands. The plants found on Molokai

and Lanai, however, seem varietally different. They have the twigs

commonly more conspicuously 2-winged above, the leaves somewhat

more venulose, and the axillary pulvini not hemispherical as in

P. sandwicensis proper, but elongate-cylindric. In the Lanai material

the pulvini are commonly multiple or branched and the entire plant,

including even the leaves, has a more or less reddish hue. The

Molokai material may be separated as:

Phyllanthus sandwicensis Degeneri var. nov.

Ramuli superne plus alati, pulvinis cylindricis ac plus elongatis.

Branchlets more alate above, axillary cushions cylindric and

more elongate.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener 8,019 among shrubs in windy,

exposed region, on cliffs overlooking Kalaupapa Leper Settlement,

Molokai, June 18, 1928 (type, staminate, Field); Degener 8,020,

among shrubs in windy, exposed situation, on cliffs overlooking and

east of Kalaupapa Leper Settlement, Molokai, June 19, 1928 (pis-

tillate, Field); Degener 8,021, Halawaiki Gulch, Molokai, June 21,

1928 (Deg.); Degener & Kazuto Nitta 8,018, in rainy forest, Wailau

Valley, Molokai, August 11, 1928 (Field); Abbe Urbain Faurie 484,

alt. 1,000 meters, Kamolo, Molokai, June, 1910 (Del., 2 sheets;

Par.); Charles Noyes Forbes 42-Mo, Kalae, Molokai, June, 1912

(Bish.; Field) ; Forbes 431-Mo, Kalapamoa, Molokai, August, 1912

568 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

(Bish.) ; Francis Raymond Fosberg 13,399, shrub up to 1 meter tall,

alt. 600 meters, edge of moist forest, Manawai-Kahananui ridge,

Molokai, December 24, 1936 (Berl.; Bish.; Field); Jules Remy

601, Molokai, 1851-1855 (Par.); Joseph F. Rock 10,104, Halawa

Valley, Molokai, April, 1910 (Bish.).

The Lanai material has already been described by Fosberg

(Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus. 12: 15: 6. 1936) as forma rufidus of Phyl-

lanthus sandwicensis var. oblongifolius. The var. oblongifolius, how-

ever, is really synonymous with P. sandwicensis proper (as stated

above), while the Lanai material is co-varietal with that of Molokai.

Fosberg's plant may therefore be designated as:

Phyllanthus sandwicensis var. Degeneri f. rufidus (Fosb.)

comb. nov.

Specimens (of f. rufidus) examined: Charles Noyes Forbes (G. C.

Munro distrib. no.) 19, Lanai (Bish.); Forbes 45-L, mountains near

Koele, Lanai, June, 1913 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field) ; Francis Raymond

Fosberg 12,410, alt. 950 meters, in moist, open, brushy forest, Haalele-

paakai, Lanai, November 28, 1935 (Bish.; isotype), Fosberg 12,510,

shrub 1 meter tall, alt. 850 meters, in moist, brushy forest, on ridge

north of Kaiholena Gulch, Lanai, November 30, 1935 (cotypes,

Bish.; Field); William Hillebrand, Lanai, 1870 (Berl.); George C.

Munro 118, Kaiholena, Lanai, August (Bish.).

Phyllanthus nivosus W. G. Smith, Floral Mag. pi. 120. 1874;

Phyllanthus sandwicensis var. hypoglaucus LeVl. in Fedde, Repert.

Spec. Nov. 10: 124. 1911.

LeVeiHe"^ P. sandwicensis var. hypoglaucus was based on Faurie

483, in sepibus, Hilo, Hawaii, May, 1909. Faurie's specimen ex-

amined by me (Par.) shows that LeVeiHe"^ variety, like so many

others of his proposed "novelties," was merely a well known culti-

vated species, P. nivosus W. G. Smith.

NOTES ON ANTIDESMA L.

Antidesma platyphyllum Mann, Enum. Haw. PI. no. 444

(Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 202). 1867.

Fosberg (Occas. Paps. Bish. Mus. 12: 15: 7-8. 1936) has presented

a key to the species and varieties of Antidesma for the Hawaiian

Islands. For A. platyphyllum proper (i. e., var. genuinum Pax &

Hoffm.) as listed by him without specimens, I present herewith the

following list:

Specimens examined: Brodie 4,032, Kauai (Bish.); Edwin H.

Bryan, Jr., 804, small tree 3-4 meters tall, in rain-forest on ridge,

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 569

alt. 1,700 feet, Kawailoa, Oahu, October 2, 1934 (Bish.); Bryan

852, small tree 4-5 meters tall, fruit green to purple, in lower forest-

zone 1, on valley slope, alt. 2,100 feet, Haleauau Valley, Oahu,

November 13, 1934 (Bish.) ; Bryan, Amy Suehiro, & M. Fukuda, alt.

1,200-1,400 feet, zone 2, south ridge of Kipapa Gulch, Waipio,

Koolau Mts., Oahu, May 15, 1932 (Bish.); Will Bush (Otto Degener

distrib. no.) 8135, Helemano Ridge, Oahu, June 23, 1929 (Deg.);

Erling Christophersen 1,374, alt. about 500 meters, north slope of

Tantalus, Oahu, July 15, 1930 (Berl.; Bish.; Field); Christophersen

1,376, same locality and date (Berl.; Bish.; Field); Otto Degener, in

woods, Kahuaawi Gulch, Molokai, June 5, 1928 (Field); Degener

8,122, on dry hillside, Mokomoko Gulch, Molokai, June 7, 1928

(Deg.) ; Degener 8,123, in forest, Kahuaawi Gulch, Molokai, June 5,

1928 (Deg., 2 sheets); Degener 8,125, ravine northwest of Puu Ma-

kaliilii (where precipice makes further descent impossible), Molokai,

May 22, 1928 (Deg.); Degener 8,127, Hawaiian Islands, November 16,

1930 (Deg.; Field); Degener 8,132, in forest, between summit of

Piko Trail and top of Kahanahaiki Valley, Oahu, July 18, 1932

(Deg.); Degener 8,136, in wet jungle, between Glenwood and 29

Miles, Hawaii, June 18, 1929 (Deg.) ; Degener 8,144, in forest reserve,

on slope of summit of mountain, Kohala, Hawaii, August 8, 1926

(Deg., 2 sheets); Degener 8,145, between Glenwood and 29 Miles,

July 27, 1926 (Deg.); Degener 10,881, in forest, Tantalus crater rim,

Oahu, November 12, 1935 (Field) ; Degener & Kwan Kee Park 8,128,

in rain-forest, Pig-God Trail, Punaluu, Oahu, August 11, 1931 (Deg.,

2 sheets); Degener, Park, Topping, & Bush 8,129, same locality,

May 31, 1931 (Deg.); Degener, Takamoto, & Martinez 10,538, forest

tree, C. C. C. Trail, Aiea, Oahu, March 15, 1936 (Deg.; Field);

G. R. Ewart III no. 10, in forest, alt. 1,800 feet, near top of Kapa-

lama-Waolani Ridge, Oahu, January 10, 1929 (Bish.); Abbe Urbain

Faurie 308, alt. 1,200 meters, Olinda, East Maui, August, 1909

(Bish.; Par.); Charles Noyes Forbes, Maui, 1920 (Berl.; Bish.; Field;

leaves slightly hispidulous beneath near midnerve) ; Forbes, Waiolani

back of Honolulu, Oahu, July 8, 1908 (Bish.; Field) ; Forbes, Waialae

Iki, Oahu, October 10, 1908 (Bish.); Forbes 90-M, lao Valley, West

Maui, June, 1910 (Berl.; Bish.; Field) ; Forbes 232-M, in woods east

of Makawao, East Maui, July, 1910 (Bish.; Field); Forbes 250-L,

mountains at east end of Lanai, June, 1913 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field;

Par.); Forbes 345-#, Kapua, Kona, Hawaii, July 23, 1911 (Berl.;

Bish.; Field; leaves very obscurely setulose beneath, thus somewhat

approaching those of var. hamakuaense) ; Forbes 420-M, Honokahau

570 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Drainage Basin, West Maui, September 25-October 17, 1917 (Berl. ;

Bish.; Field); Forbes 1,039-H, Volcano Road, Hawaii, July 2, 1915

(Bish.); Forbes 1,634-M, above the plantation, Kipahulu Valley,

East Maui, November 13, 1919 (Berl.; Bish.; Field) ; Forbes 2,336-M,

central ridge of Olowalu Valley, West Maui, May 12, 1920 (Bish.);

Forbes 2,613-M, Waikamoi Trail, East Maui, June 25, 1920 (Bish.);

Francis Raymond Fosberg 10,393, tree 5 meters tall, drupes dark red,

in wet forest, alt. 250 meters, ditch trail, Kahana Valley, Kahana,

Oahu, November 26, 1933 (Bish.); Fosberg 10,415, tree 5 meters tall,

drupes dark red, alt. 250 meters, in wet forest, ditch trail, Kahana

Valley, Kahana, November 26, 1933 (Bish.); Fosberg 10,817, tree 8

meters tall, fruit black, on steep, wooded slope, alt. 800 meters,

Haleanau Valley, Puu Kaala, Waianaeuka, Oahu, February 24, 1937

(Bish.); Fosberg & K. Duker 8,787, tree 12 meters tall, in wet forest,

alt. 300 meters, Waikane-Schofield Trail, Waikane, Koolau Mts.,

Oahu, October 16, 1932 (Bish.) ; Fosberg & St. John 8,897, alt. 500

meters, in wet forest at head of 2nd gulch east of Puu Kaupakuhale,

Mokuleia, Oahu, October 23, 1932 (Bish.); Fosberg 10,933, tree 6

meters tall, alt. 815 meters, in dry forest, Forest Reserve house,

southeast of Palikea, Waianae Mts., Oahu, June 30, 1935 (Bish.;

Field) ; Fosberg 10,969, tree 8 meters tall, alt. 800 meters, on wet,

wooded ridge above Kupehau, Waianae Mts., Oahu, June 30, 1935

(Bish. ; Field) ; Fosberg 13,490, tree 7 meters tall, fruits reddish-black,

in wet, open forest, alt. 450 meters, trail up Waiakeakua-Waiokeela

ridge, head of Wailau Valley, Molokai, December 29, 1936 (Bish.);

Fullaway & Giffard, 10 Miles, Hawaii, August, 1919 (Bish.; leaves

slightly pubescent beneath, especially near median nerve) ; Fullaway

& Giffard, 23 Miles, Hawaii, August 9, 1919 (Bish. ; leaves pubescent

beneath along midnerve) ; D. Wesley Garber 485, Pauoa-Konahuanui

trail, Oahu, July 11, 1920 (Bish.); Garber & Forbes 177, right fork

of Wailupe Valley, Oahu, January 12, 1920 (Bish.); William Hille-

brand, Oahu (Berl.; leaves pubescent beneath along midnerve) ; Hille-

brand Kalae, Molokai (Berl.); Hillebrand, woods of Pumelei, Hawaii

(Berl.); Hillebrand & Rev. J. M. Lydgate, Makawao, East Maui

(Bish.) ; Edward Yataro Hosaka 72, on wooded slope, alt. 2,000 feet,

Puu Manawahua, Waianae Mts., Oahu, December 8, 1929 (Bish.);

Hosaka 715, tree 15 feet tall, on wet, denuded ridge, south ridge,

Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Oahu, September 18, 1932 (Bish.); Hosaka

926, tree 20 feet tall, in moist woods, alt. 1,500 feet, south ridge,

Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Oahu, March 5, 1933 (Bish.); Hosaka 1,109,

tree 20 feet tall, alt. 2,000 feet, on wet, denuded ridge, south ridge,

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 571

Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Oahu, July 2, 1933 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field);

Hosaka 1,203, tree 10 feet tall, on denuded ridge, Kipapa Gulch,

August 8, 1933 (Bish.)',Edivard P. Hume 212, tree on wooded ridge,

alt. 1,200 feet, Puu Peahinaia, Koolau Mts., Oahu, October 4, 1931

(Field); Frank Kitamura, in moist, wooded region, alt. 950 feet,

Hauula Forest Reserve, Kahana Valley, Oahu, December 10, 1933

(Bish.); Rev. J. M. Lydgate, Molokai (Berl.); Horace Mann &

William T. Brigham 427, woods near Makawao, East Maui (Corn.);

William Meinecke, in woods, alt. 1,500 feet, Manana-Waimano

ridge, Oahu, April 9, 1933 (Bish.) ; Meinecke, in a saddle at about 1,800

feet alt., Waikakalaua- Kipapa Ridge, Oahu, June 12, 1933 (Bish.);

George C. Munro 63, Aukuu Hill, Lanai, October 5, 1913 (Bish.);

Munro 138, Pohaku, Lanai, October 5, 1913 (Bish.; Field); Kazuto

Nitta 8,146, on moderately dry slope, Mt. Kaala, Oahu, October 13,

1929 (Deg.); Jules Remy 609 pro parte, Hawaiian Isls., 1851-1855

(Par.);JosephF. Rock 4,593, Hiilawe, Waipio, Hawaii, July 18, 1909

(Bish.); Rock 4,836, Palolo Valley, Oahu (Berl.; Bish.; Field); Rock

10,096, "Kailua lower ditch trail," East Maui, May, 1911 (Bish.);

Rock 10,097, Kapua, South Kona, Hawaii, January, 1912 (Bish.);

Harold Saint-John 9,911, bushy tree 15 feet tall, alt. 2,200 feet, ridge

of Puu Manawahua, Waianae Mts., Oahu, September 29, 1929

(Bish.); St. John 10,572, alt. 1,100 feet, on wooded slope in Waika-

kalaua Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts., Oahu, September 14, 1930

(Bish.) ; St. John 10,613, small tree on wooded ridge, alt. 1,700 feet,

Paalaa, South Opaeula Gulch, Oahu, November 9, 1930 (Bish.);

St. John 11,184, tree 25 feet tall, common, fruit dark purplish, alt.

1,800 feet, on wooded ridge, main ridge running southwest from Puu

Lanihuli, Kalihi-Nuuanu, Oahu, November 29, 1931 (Berl.; Bish.;

Del.; Field; Par.); St. John & Fosberg 13,957, tree 25 feet tall with

trunk 8 inches thick, in moist woods, alt. 950 feet, Wainiha Valley,

side gulch on west side, 0.75 mile upstream from intake, Kauai,

January 1, 1934 (Field) ; Carl Skottsberg 54, on ridge back of Tantalus,

Oahu, August 7, 1922 (Bish.); Skottsberg 337, Palehua Camp, Waia-

nae, Oahu, August 24, 1922 (Bish.); Amy Suehiro, Laie Ridge, Oahu,

February 14, 1932 (Bish.); D.LeRoy Topping 2,869, tree 30 feet tall,

in gulch back of Schofield, Oahu, September 21, 1924 (Deg.) ; Topping

3,199, Manoa Cliff Trail, Oahu, April 12, 1925 (Deg.).

Antidesma platyphyllum var. genuinum f. rubrum Dege-

ner & Sherff, f . nov.

A var. genuino sensu stricto fructibus maturis rubris non pur-

pureo-atris differt.

572 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Differs from var. genuinum proper in having mature fruits red

instead of purplish-black.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener 8,131, in rain-forest, Pupukea-

Kahuku trail at divide, Oahu, January 24, 1932 (type, Field).

Degener's label states: "Mature fruit red! Only 1 tree of that

color seen. All others, and there were many, had purple-black fruit.

This is fruiting season." The dried fruits of the type sheet are now

blackish and would pass for those of the variety genuinum proper.

It is possible that a number of the specimens above cited for

A. platyphyllum proper were really this forma. A wide range of

colors, from dull reddish to deep blackish-purple, was observed in

the dried fruits. However, none of the fruits had been noted when

fresh as other than reddish-black or purplish-black.

Antidesma platyphyllum var. hamakuaense Fosberg, Occas.

Paps. Bish. Mus. 12: 15: 8. 1936.

Fosberg cited for this variety only three specimens, all of them

from the Island of Hawaii. I have had the privilege of examining no

fewer than eleven specimens, one of them from Oahu, and present

herewith an amplified list of:

Specimens examined: Erling Christopher sen 1,375, alt. about 500

meters, north slope of Tantalus, Oahu, July 15, 1930 (Bish.; Field; in

no way intergrading with Christopher sen 1,376 of species proper!);

Otto Degener 8,142, in wet jungle, between Glenwood and 29 Miles,

Hawaii, July 23, 1926 (Deg.); Charles N.Forbes 650- H, Olaa Flume,

Hawaii, June 2, 1915 (Bish.) ; Francis Raymond Fosberg 10,461, bush

3 meters tall, alt. 435 meters, in wet forest, hills above Akaka Falls,

Honomu, Hawaii, December 8, 1933 (Bish.); Fosberg 10,506, shrub 3

meters tall, alt. 460 meters, in wet forest, side of gulch, Awehi Stream

above Hilo, Hawaii, December 7, 1933 (Bish.); William Hillebrand

& Rev. J. M. Lydgate, Hawaiian Isls. (Bish., cum A. pulvinato com-

mixt.); Jules Remy 609 pro parte, Hawaii, 1851-1855 (Par.); Joseph

F. Rock 4,327, Paauhau 3, Hawaii, July 5, 1909 (Bish.); Carl Skotts-

berg 478, Puu Kauku, Makahanaloa, Hawaii, September 11, 1922

(Bish.); Skottsberg 1,975, alt. 800 meters, Kukaiau ranch, northeast

slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, September 29, 1926 (Bish.; leaves

pubescent beneath on nerves).

Antidesma platyphyllum var. Hillebrandii Pax & Hoffm.

in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV. 147. xv. 162. 1922; A. platyphyllum

var. 0 Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 403. 1888.

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 573

Fosberg (loc. cit.) stated that "all the antidesmas from Kauai

apparently belong to this variety." Skottsberg (Meddel. Goteborgs

Botan. Tradgard 10: 120. 1936) somewhat earlier had confessed doubt

that this variety deserved to be distinguished under a special name.

My own judgment, after an extended examination of much her-

barium material, is that the variety is a valid one but that, contrary

to Fosberg's somewhat qualified opinion, the Island of Kauai harbors

at least one other variety of A. platyphyllum (vide A. platyphyllum

var. subamplexicaule infra). For the var. Hillebrandii I present

the following list of:

Specimens examined: Brodie 4,033, Kauai (Bish.); Otto Degener

8,141, on dry slope overlooking Waimea Canyon, along road leading

to Kokee, Kauai, June 22, 1926 (Deg.); Francis R. Fosberg 12,649,

tree 8 meters tall, in moist forest, alt. 1,100 meters, southeast side

of Kumuwela Ridge, above Waimea Canyon, Kauai, December 28,

1935 (Bish.); Amos Arthur Heller, Kauai, 1895 (Bish., 2 sheets);

Heller 2,497, on the ridge west of the Hanapepe River, Kauai, July 11,

1895 (Corn., 2 sheets; Field; Par.); Heller (similarly) 2,497, same

locality, August 6, 1895 (Field); Heller (similarly) 2,497, on Kaho-

luamanu, above Waimea, Kauai, September 2-9, 1895 (Corn.);

Heller (similarly) 2,497, same locality, September 10-16, 1895

(Field); Heller (similarly) 2,497, same locality, October 11-16, 1895

(Del.); V. Knudsen 112, Kauai (Berl., type); Jules Remy 611, Kauai

or Niihau, 1851-1855 (Par.) ; Joseph F. Rock 1,752, Kaholuamanu,

Kauai, March 3-10, 1909 (Bish.); Rock 5,320, alt. 3,200 feet, below

Gay's mountain house, Kaholuamanu Forest, Kauai, September,

1909 (Berl.; Bish.; Field); Rock 12,935, Kaholuamanu, October, 1911

(Berl.; Bish.; Field); Rock 17,092, same locality, October, 1916

(Bish.) ; Saint-John, Hosaka, Hume, et alii 10,811, alt. 2,600 feet, in

woods, Nualolo Trail, Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, Kauai, Decem-

ber 28, 1930 (Berl.; Bish.; Field).

Antidesma platyphyllum subamplexicaule var. nov.

Foliorum petioli veri breves (circ. 2 rarius usque ad 4 mm.) et

crassiores; laminis glabris demum saepe conduplicatis, siccis non (vel

vix sub-) nitidis, saepe 1-1.5 dm. longis et 5.5-7 cm. latis, basi

rotundato cordatove plus minusve subamplexicaulibus. Fructus

valde compressi, 6-12 mm. longi.

True petiolar portion of leaves short (about 2 more rarely up to

4 mm.) and thicker; blades glabrous, finally often conduplicate,

when dry not (or scarcely sub-) glistening, often 1-1.5 dm. long and

574 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

5.5-7 cm. wide, more or less subamplexicaul at their rotundate or

cordate base. Fruits much compressed, 6-12 mm. long.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener 8,138, Hali Valley, Kauai,

June 11, 1926 (Deg.); Degener 8,139, same locality and date (Deg.;

Field); Degener 8,140, north of Wahiawa, Kauai, June 20, 1926

(Deg.); Degener 10,879, in forest, same locality and date (Deg.);

Abbe UrbainFaurie 304, alt. 1,000 meters, Waimea, Kauai, February,

1910 (Par.) ; Charles N.Forbes 118- K, Waioli Valley, Kauai, August 2,

1909 (Berl.; Bish.; Field); Forces 509- K, mountains above Ka Loko

Reservoir (Kilauea), Kauai, October 7, 1916 (type, Bish.).

As already remarked, Fosberg states that all the antidesmas from

Kauai apparently belong to A. platyphyllum var. Hillebrandii Pax &

Hoffm. The var. subamplexicaule, material of which seems not to

have been seen by Fosberg, contrasts sharply with the type and

other above cited specimens of var. Hillebrandii in having mature

fruits with more strongly flattened stone, leaves less shiny or even

dull, usually longer, much more shortly and thickly petioled, and,

especially when conduplicate in age, tending at their base to clasp

the branch or subtended branchlet. Regarding Fosberg's statement,

it may be remarked further that at least two specimens (Brodie 4,032

and St. John & Fosberg 13,957) from Kauai appear to represent the

species proper.

Antidesma pulvinatum Hillebr. Fl. Haw. Isls. 403. 1888.

Fosberg (loc. cit.) says that A. pulvinatum is found "in dry

regions on Hawaii, Maui, and the Waianae Mountains, Oahu." It

occurs also on the islands of Kauai and Molokai, as may be seen

from the following list of:

Specimens examined: Erling Christophersen 3,673, tree, 450

meters alt., open ridge, Valley 2, below Kanehoa, central Lualualei,

Waianae Mts., Oahu, June 1, 1932 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field);

Christophersen 3,679, tree 6-7 meters tall, alt. 450 meters, in forest,

upper part of Valley 4, below Kanehoa, June 1, 1932 (Berl.; Bish.;

Field); Otto Degener 8,124, in dry region, valley west of East Ohia,

Molokai, July 16, 1928 (Deg.); Degener 8,126, in dry, rocky ravine,

northwest of Puu Makaliilii, Molokai, May 22, 1928 (Deg.; Field);

Degener 8,130, on dry talus slope, west branch of valley at pali in

Waianae Valley near Kolekole Pass, Oahu, April 26, 1931 (Deg.);

Degener 8,133, with Bobea in extremely arid aa lava waste, Ulupala-

kua, East Maui, June 23, 1927 (Deg. ; Field) ; Degener 8,137, in arid aa

lava kipuka, between Kaalualu and Waiohinu, Hawaii, September 13,

HAWAIIAN EUPHORBIACEAE 575

1929 (Deg.; Field); Degener 8,143, moderately dry, open woods,

along roadside on 1926 lava flow, Hawaii, July 25, 1926 (Deg., 2

sheets); Degener 11,011, Kamokiuki Valley, Oahu, April 12, 1933

(Berl.; Deg.; Field); Degener, Park, Takamoto, Bush, & Topping

10,876, edge of decadent forest, east side of Palikea along C. C. C.

trail, Oahu, March 1, 1936 (Deg.; Field); Degener & Takamoto 10,880,

dry forest, Middle Palawai Ridge, Oahu, May 12, 1936 (Deg.; Field);

Abbe Urbain Faurie 305, Kaala, Kauai, December, 1909 (Par.);

Charles Noyes Forbes 369- H, Kapua, South Kona, Hawaii, July 26,

1911 (Berl. ; Bish. ; Del. ; Field) ; Forbes 370- H, same locality and date

(Berl.; Bish.; Field) ; Forbes 1,784-M, "Kamaio" (Kanaio?), Maui,

March 1, 1920 (Bish.); Forbes 1,805-M, growing 12-15 feet tall,

southwest slope of Haleakala, East Maui, March 2, 1920 (Bish.;

Field) ; Forbes 1,963-M, Auwahi, south slope of Haleakala, March 14,

1920 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field); Forbes 2,315-M, ridge at left-hand

side of Olowalu Valley, West Maui, May 10, 1920 (Bish.); Francis

Raymond Fosberg 12,345, small tree, alt. 450 meters, near bottom of

wet, shaded gulch, south side of Makua Valley, Waianae Mts., Oahu,

November 17, 1935 (Bish.) ; Fosberg 13,087, spreading tree 5 meters

tall, alt. 550 meters, dry, wooded gully, Pohakea Pass, Halona

Valley, Lualualei, Oahu, May 3, 1936 (Bish.; Field) ; Fosberg & Otto

Swezey 10,932, tree 5 meters tall, alt. 550 meters, dry slope, side

of gulch, almost smothered by Lantana and Canavalia, Honouliuli,

Waianae Mts., Oahu, June 30, 1935 (Bish.); V. 0. Fosberg 47a, tree 6

meters tall, in lantana and guava shrubbery, dry forest, beyond

Hoopuloa Flow, Milolii, South Kona, Hawaii, August 10, 1936

(Bish.; Field); William Hillebrand, South Kona, Hawaii (Bish.);

Hillebrand, Halawa, Oahu (Berl.); Hillebrand, Maui (Berl., sub

nom. A. barbigero); Hillebrand, gulch back of Lahaina, West Maui,

August, 1870 (Berl.); Hillebrand & Rev. J. M. Lydgate, Hawaiian

Isls. (Bish., cum A. platyphyllo var. hamakuaensi commixt.); A. F.

Judd & Edward Y. Hosaka, alt. 1,400 feet, on wooded ridge, Papaia

Valley, 6th valley east of Makaleha Valley, Waianae Mts., Waialua,

Oahu, December 2, 1931 (Berl.; Bish.; Field); Noel H. Krauss, alt.

800-1,000 feet, Piko trail, Kahanahaiki Valley, Waianae Mts., Oahu,

December 30, 1933 (Bish.); Rev. J. M. Lydgate, West Maui (Berl.);

Joseph F. Rock 8,650, alt. 2,000-2,600 feet, along government road,

Ulupalakua, Auwahi-Kahikinui, East Maui, November, 1910 (Berl.;

Bish.; Field); Rock 10,021, Kapua, South Kona, Hawaii, January,

1912 (Berl.; Bish.; Del.; Field; Gray); Harold Saint-John, E. Y.

Hashimoto, E. Y. Hosaka, J. C. Lindsay, & D. D. Mitchell 11,335,

576 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

tree 25 feet tall, alt. 1,000 feet, wooded kipuka, Manuka Mauka,

Hawaii, December 26, 1931 (Berl.; Bish.; Field); iidem 11,351, alt.

1,800 feet, aa lava, wooded kipuka, Manuka Mauka, December 27,

1931 (Bish.; Field).

Antidesma pulvinatum leiogonum var. nov.

Folia non venarum lateralium angulis cum mediana pulvinata

sed glabra vel interdum paucisetulosa, apice saltern pauca obtusa

forsitan numquam acuminata. Flores fructusque non visi.

Leaves not cushioned in the angles of the lateral veins with the

median vein but glabrous or at times few-setulose, at least a few of

them apically obtuse though perhaps never acuminate. Flowers and

fruits not seen.

Specimens examined: Truman G. Yuncker & Edward Yataro Ho-

saka 3,214, in 4th gulch east of Puu Kaupakuhale, Waianae Mts.,

northwestern Oahu, October 23, 1932 (type in herb. Yuncker).

A single specimen seen, this among some specimens sent me a year

or so ago by Dr. Truman G. Yuncker, Professor of Botany at De

Pauw University, Greencastle, Indiana.

A NEW VARIETY OF EUPHORBIA MULTIFORMIS

HOOK. & ARN.

Euphorbia multiformis mohihiensis var. nov.

Habitu Euphorbiae multiformis varietati microphyllae Boiss.

similis. Capitula magna 2-4 mm. lata, glandulis perspicuis, involucre

non nisi ad apicem pubescenti. Folia elliptico-oblonga vel spathu-

lato-oblanceolata, apice non retusa. Capsulae stipes glaber.

Similar in habit to Euphorbia multiformis var. microphylla Boiss.

Capitula large, 2-4 mm. wide, glands conspicuous, involucre not

pubescent except at apex. Leaves elliptic-oblong or spathulate-

oblanceolate, at apex not retuse. Stipe of capsule glabrous.

Specimens examined iLucy M. Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, & Carl

Skottsberg 3,022, on ridge east of Mohihi River, Kawaiu Trail,

western Kauai, Hawaiian Isls., August 19, 1938 (type and cotype,

Goth.).

SOME NEW OR OTHERWISE NOTEWORTHY

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE

EARL EDWARD SHERFF

Since the appearance of my monographic works upon certain

genera of Labiatae and Compositae (Revision of Tetramolopium,

Lipochaeta, Dubautia, and Railliardia, Bishop Mus. Bull. 135. 1935;

Revision of Haplostachys, Phyllostegia, and Stenogyne, Bishop

Mus. Bull. 136. 1935; Revision of the genus Coreopsis, Field Mus.

Bot. Ser. 11: 279^75, figs. 1-3, 1936; The genus Bidens, op. cit. 16.

1937), a vast amount of mostly more recently acquired herbarium

material has been lent to me for study, most of it from the institu-

tions and individuals whose aid has already been acknowledged in

the preface to my paper on Labordia. Many of the specimens

studied were found to be new to science; these are described in the

following pages. Some others were important in various other

respects, such as offering range extensions or throwing additional

light upon the interpretation of taxonomic concepts proposed by

certain other writers. So far as possible, these too receive attention.

(For explanation of abbreviations used for herbaria cited, see p. 464.)

Phyllostegia rnollis Skottsbergii var. nov.

Caulis subtetragonus, moderate glandulosus, dense retrorsumque

hispidulus. Folia glandulosa, supra subsparsim vel secundum venas

dense adpresso-hispida, infra paulo hispidiora. Inflorescentiae rami

glanduloso- et patenti-hispidi, verticellastris 4- vel 6-floris; pedi-

cellis tenuibus, patenti- et glanduloso-hispidis, plerumque 4-10 mm.

longis. Calycis densissime glandulosi et moderate adpresso-his-

piduli tubus 4-5 mm. longus, lobi acuti 1-2 mm. longi. Corollae

extus minute adpresso-hispidulae tubus ±1.2 cm. longus, labrum

superius circ. 4 mm. longum inferius ±9 mm. longum.

Stem subtetragonal, moderately glandular, densely and retrorsely

hispidulous. Leaves glandular, subsparsely or along veins densely

appressed-hispid above, slightly more hispid beneath. Branches of

inflorescence glandular- and spreading-hispid, verticellasters 4- or

6-flowered; pedicels slender, spreading- and glandular-hispid, com-

monly 4-10 mm. long. Calyx densely glandular and moderately

appressed-hispidulous, its tube 4-5 mm. long and acute lobes 1-2

mm. long. Corolla minutely appressed-hispidulous on outer sur-

577

578 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

face, its tube ±1.2 cm. long, upper lip about 4 mm. long and lower

lip ±9 mm. long.

Specimens examined: Lucy M. Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, & Carl

Skottsberg 3,039, in forest, Kalalau Trail, Kokee region, north-

western Kauai, Hawaiian Isls., August 20, 1938 (Goth.); Gerrit

Parmile Wilder 451, erect herb, 2 feet tall, alt. 3,600 feet, in dense

woods, Kokee, Isl. Kauai, March 8, 1926 (type, Field).

Some years ago, in preparing a monographic treatment of Phyllo-

stegia, I concluded the Wilder plant to be new, but laid it aside,

preferring to wait for additional and more ample material before

drawing up a formal description. With the more recently collected

material now before me, sent by Dr. Skottsberg, it becomes possible

to obtain a reliable description. The two specimens match each

other remarkably and leave no doubt that they represent a new

variety of Phyllostegia mollis Benth., a species sometimes found on

the Island of Kauai, but which has the leaves softly canescent

beneath, the pedicels eglandular, the calyces only 3-4 mm. long,

corollas smaller, etc. This variety is apparently most closely allied

with P. mollis var. Lydgatei Sherff .

Stenogyne microphylla Benth. Lab. 655. 1835; DC. Prodr.

12: 556. 1848.

In my monographic study of the genus Stenogyne (Bull. Bish.

Mus. 136: 59-101. 1935), I found no specimens of Stenogyne micro-

phylla Benth. that had been collected subsequent to the year 1872

(cf. loc. cit. 98). Recently Mr. Edward Yataro Hosaka, Assistant

Curator of Botany at Bernice Bishop Museum in Honolulu, found

a lone plant of it as he was "going around Mauna Kea at 6,200 feet

altitude." He writes: "This species seems to be very rare since I

saw only one single plant the whole day." From the plant observed

he obtained two specimens for my examination (they have since

been deposited with Field Museum and the Natural History Museum

of Paris). He describes the plant as "a freely branching vine with

flowers greenish-yellow." The exact locality and date were: Hina-

hina [i. e., Puu Kahinahina], Humuula, North Hilo, Hawaii, April

24, 1939.

Stenogyne Granwelliae sp. nov.

Habitu S. Calaminthoidi similis. Caulis elongatus, flexuosus,

viridis vel atro-purpurascens, circ. 1.5-2.5 mm. crassus, acriter

tetragonus, angulis retrorsum acriterque albido-setosus et plus

minusve phellopterus. Folia petiolata petiolis gracilibus retrorsum

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 579

densissimeque albido-ciliatis 3-8 mm. longis; lamina rotundo-cor-

data vel ovato-cordata, crenato-serrata circ. 8-14 dentibus pro

utroque latere, apice obtusa rotundatave, supra glabra, infra sparsis-

sime adpresso-hispida, 1.5-2.6 cm. longa et 1.2-2.2 cm. lata. Flores

2-6 pro nodo quoque, graciliter pedicellata pedicellis glaberrimis

vel rarius subpubescentibus 2-5 mm. longis; calyce subcampanulato

vel obconico, extus glabro sed apice subciliato, 10- vel sub-20-ner-

vato, tubo 3-4 mm. longo, lobis latissimis obtusissimisque ±1 mm.

longis; corolla aegre curvata superne sensim dilatata sicca subpur-

purea, extus praecipue supra albido-setosa, tubo ±9 mm. longo,

labro superiore circ. 5 mm. longo, inferiore circ. 2-3 mm. longo.

Similar in habit to S. Calaminthoides A. Gray. Stem elongate,

flexuous, green or dark purple, about 1.5-2.5 mm. thick, sharply

tetragonal, more or less corky-winged upon the retrorsely and

sharply whitish-setose angles. Leaves petiolate; petioles slender,

retrorsely and very densely whitish-ciliate, 3-8 mm. long; blade

rotund-cordate or ovate-cordate, crenate-serrate with about 8-14

teeth to each side, apically obtuse or rounded, glabrous above, very

sparsely appressed-hispid beneath, 1.5-2.6 cm. long and 1.2-2.2 cm.

wide. Flowers 2-6 to each node, delicately pedicelled with very

glabrous or more rarely subpubescent pedicels, these 2-5 mm. long;

calyx subcampanulate or obconic, externally glabrous but at apex

subciliate, 10- or sub-20-nerved, its tube 3-4 mm. long, lobes very

wide and very obtuse, ±1 mm. long; corolla weakly curved, gradually

dilated upwardly, purplish when in dried state, whitish-setose outside

especially above, its tube ±9 mm. long, upper lip about 5 mm. long,

lower lip about 2-3 mm. long.

Specimens examined : Lucy M. Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, & Carl

Skottsberg 3,185, on top of pali above (i. e., at head of) Waipio Valley

just below first ditchman's house, Kohala, Isl. Hawaii, Hawaiian Isls.,

September 9, 1938 (2 type sheets, Goth.).

A species allied most closely with S. Calaminthoides A. Gray.

From that species it differs, however, in having: leaf -petioles 3-8 not

8-12 mm. long, leaf-blades 1.5-2.6 not 2-6 cm. long and 1.2-2.2

not 1.5-4.5 cm. wide, calyx 4-5 not 8-12 mm. long, corolla about 1.4

not 2.5^4 cm. long, its lower lip a half shorter than and not subequal

to the upper, etc. It is a pleasure to name this interesting species

after one of its collectors (Miss Lucy May Cranwell, M. A., Curator,

Department of Botany, Auckland Institute and Museum, Auckland,

New Zealand).

580 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Lipochaeta dubia Degener & Sherff, sp. nov.

Frutex decumbens, ramosus, ramis tenuibus dbl mm. crassis

angulatis sparsim vel moderate adpresso- et antrorso-setosis. Folia

petiolata petiolis gracilibus antrorsum hispidis usque ad ±1.5 cm.

longis, petiolo adjecto usque ad ±4.5 cm. longa; lamina plerumque

tripartita, segmento terminale elongate lineari-oblongo vel lineari-

oblanceolato apice acuto marginaliter denticulate, segmentis laterali-

bus brevibus saepe plus minusve bipartitis, omnibus superne viridibus

moderate adpresseque antrorso-hispidis inferne pallidis dense ad-

presseque antrorso-hispidis, venis infra moderate elevatis. Capitula

graciliter pedunculata pedunculis saepius 3-5 cm. longis, ligulata,

pansa ad anthesin 1.5-2.5 cm. lata et circ. 6 mm. alta. Involucri

bracteae oblongae, apice acutae, dense adpresseque antrorso-hispidae,

3-5 mm. longae. Flores ligulati 6-8, flavi, ligula lineari-oblongi,

7-11 mm. longi, apice subintegri vel obtuse bidenticulati. Achaenia

obovata, plerumque triquetra angulis alata alis laceratis apice in

spinulam incurvatam productis, corpore circ. 2 mm. longa, apice

centraliter circ. 4-aristata aristis subrectis validis flavidis saepius

1-1.5 mm. longis.

Decumbent shrub, branched; branches slender, ±1 mm. thick,

angled, sparsely or moderately appressed- and antrorse-setose.

Leaves petiolate, up to ±4.5 cm. long including the slender and

forwardly hispid petiole (this up to ±1.5 cm. long); blade commonly

tripartite, terminal segment elongate, linear-oblong or linear-ob-

lanceolate, at apex acute, at margin denticulate, lateral segments

short and often more or less bipartite, all segments moderately and

appressedly antrorse-hispid on their green upper surface and densely

and appressedly antrorse-hispid on their pale lower surface, the

veins moderately salient beneath. Heads slenderly peduncled,

ligulate, 1.5-2.5 cm. wide and about 6 mm. tall when expanded at

anthesis; peduncles more often 3-5 cm. long. Involucral bracts

oblong, at apex acute, densely and appressedly antrorse-hispid,

3-5 mm. long. Ligulate florets 6-8, yellow, 7-11 mm. long, at apex

subentire or obtusely bidenticulate, ligule linear-oblong. Achenes

obovate, commonly triquetrous and winged at angles (wings lacerate

and at apex produced into a small, incurved spine), about 2 mm.

long as to body proper, at center of apex about 4-aristate; aristae

slightly bent, stout, yellowish, more often 1-1.5 mm. long.

Specimens examined: Otto Degener, Emilio Ordonez, & J, Foster

12,285, among lantanas and grasses, northeast slope of Puu Hapapa,

Oahu, April 2, 1939 (Berl.; Deg.; Field); iidem 12,287, within 100

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 581

feet of no. 12,285, same date (Berl.; Deg.; Field); iidem 12,290,

within 100 feet of nos. 12,285 and 12,287, same date (Berl.; Deg.;

Field); iidem 12,331, among thick, dry grasses, within 100 feet of

nos. 12,285, 12,287, and 12,290, May 7, 1939 (type, Field).

Lipochaeta lavarum (Gaud.) DC. Prodr. 5: 611. 1836.

In my revision of the genus Lipochaeta DC. (Bernice P. Bishop

Mus. Bull. 135: 23-83. 1935), I referred all material of L. lavarum

either to the species proper or to its variety longifolia. Subsequent

study has shown that L. lavarum proper is apparently absent from

Lanai, but that, in addition to the broad-leaved var. longifolia, of

Maunalei Valley, there are four fairly well marked narrow-leaved

varieties on that island. These differ at once from L. lavarum proper

by their narrower leaves, which have much less salient and much

less reticulate venation, also by the presence commonly of only one

instead of three lengthwise veins. They are described below and

may be severally distinguished according to the following key:

a. Leaves mostly serrate; achenes not fimbriately bordered at top.

var. maneleana.

a. Leaves mostly entire or obscurely denticulate; achenes fimbriately

bordered at top.

6. Flowering heads ±1.3 cm. wide var. Stearnsii.

b. Flowering heads 2-3.5 cm. wide,

c. Secondary leaves rather numerous and clustered, mostly

attenuate-linear var. conferta.

c. Secondary leaves few and remote, mostly oblong-linear or

spatulate-linear var. lanaiensis.

Lipochaeta lavarum Stearnsii Degener & Sherff, var. nov.

Folia spathulate linearia, subintegra, inferne in petiolum tenuem

usque ad ±7 mm. longum sensim attenuata, apice obtusa vel plus

minusve acuta, subtenuia, utrinque canescentia, longitudinaliter 1-

nervia, arcuate penninervia, primaria perpauca visa petiolo adjecto

±6 cm. longa et 5-7 mm. lata, secundaria (subnumerosa) 2-4 cm.

longa et 3-5 mm. lata. Capitula minora pansa ad anthesin ±1.3

cm. lata et circ. 4.5 mm. alta, disco demum circ. 9 mm. lato et

circ. 6 mm. alto. Involucri bracteae exteriores ovatae subacutae

2.5-3.5 mm. longae. Flores ligulati tantum circ. 6-7 mm. longi.

Achaenia fimbriato-coronata et plerumque aristata.

Leaves spatulately linear, subentire, gradually narrowed below

into a slender petiole ±7 mm. long, apically obtuse or more or less

582 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

acute, somewhat thin, on both surfaces canescent, lengthwise 1-

nerved, arcuately penninerved, primary ones (only a very few seen)

±6 cm. long including petiole and 5-7 mm. wide, the subnumerous

secondary ones 2-4 cm. long and 3-5 mm. wide. Capitula smaller,

about 4.5 mm. tall and ±1.3 cm. wide when expanded at anthesis,

disc finally about 9 mm. wide and about 6 mm. tall. Exterior

involucral bracts ovate, subacute, 2.5-3.5 mm. long. Ligulate

florets only about 6-7 mm. long. Achenes fimbriately crowned and

commonly aristate.

Specimens examined: Harold Stearns (Otto Degener's distrib. no.)

11,050, alt. 800 feet, Kapoho Canyon, Isl. Lanai, Hawaiian Isls.,

June, 1936 (type, Field).

Lipochaeta lavarum lanaiensis var. nov.

Kami elongati subsimplicesque, internodiis saepe 5-10 cm.

longis. Folia plerumque oblongo-linearia vel spathulato-linearia,

subintegra, inferne in petiolum tenuem usque ad 1.5 cm. longum

sensim attenuata, longitudinaliter 1-nervia, moderate penninervia,

apice subobtusa, utrinque canescentia, petiolo adjecto 2-4 cm.

longa et 4-7 mm. lata. Capitula pansa ad anthesin 2-3.5 cm. lata

et circ. 5 mm. alta, disco demum ±8 mm. lato et ±4 mm. alto.

Involucri bracteae ovatae subacutae vel acutae, ±3 mm. longae.

Achaenia fimbriato-coronata et plerumque aristata.

Branches elongate and subsimple, internodes often 5-10 cm. long.

Leaves commonly oblong-linear or spatulate-linear, subentire, gradu-

ally narrowed below into a slender petiole up to 1.5 cm. long, length-

wise 1-nerved, moderately penninerved, at apex subobtuse, on both

surfaces canescent, 2-4 cm. long including petiole and 4-7 mm. wide.

Capitula 2-3.5 cm. wide when expanded at anthesis and about 5

mm. tall, disc finally ±8 mm. wide and ±4 mm. tall. Involucral

bracts ovate, subacute or acute, ±3 mm. long. Achenes fimbriate-

crowned and commonly aristate.

Specimens examined: Charles Noyes Forbes 507-L, Maunalei Gulch,

Isl. Lanai, Hawaiian Isls., September, 1917 (3 type sheets, Field).

Lipochaeta lavarum confer ta var. nov.

Plus minusve ramosa, foliis ad ramulorum bases congregatis,

linearibus, utrinque attenuatis, margine subintegris integrisve,

utrinque canescentibus, petiolo tenui 3-9 mm. longo adjecto secun-

dariis subnumerosis 3-5 cm. longis et 4-7 mm. latis. Capitula pansa

ad anthesin 2-3.5 cm. lata et 7-8 mm. alta. Achaenia fimbriato-

coronata et plerumque aristata.

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 583

More or less branched; leaves congregated at bases of branchlets,

linear, at both ends attenuate, subentire or entire, on both surfaces

canescent, the subnumerous secondary ones 3-5 cm. long including

the slender petiole (this 3-9 mm. long) and 4-7 mm. wide. Capitula

2-3.5 cm. wide when expanded at anthesis and 7-8 mm. tall. Achenes

fimbriate-crowned and commonly aristate.

Specimens examined: Horace Mann & William T. Brigham 358,

Isl. Lanai, Hawaiian Isls. (type, Field).

Lipochaeta lavarum maneleana var. nov.

Caules simplices ramosive, internodiis saepius elongatis; foliis

primariis oblonge oblanceolatis, apice saepius subobtusis, basi in

petiolum tenuem 0.5-2 cm. longum cuneate sensimque angustatis,

margine serrulatis, utrinque canescentibus, longitudinaliter 1-

nerviis, penninerviis, petiolo adjecto 5-6.5 cm. longis et 7-9 mm.

latis. Capitula pansa ad anthesin sub 2 cm. lata et ±5 mm. alta.

Achaenia apice pulverulento centraliter plerumque aristata sed ad

circuitum saepius 1-7-appendiculata.

Stems simple or branched, internodes more often elongate;

primary leaves oblong-oblanceolate, at apex more often subobtuse,

at base gradually and cuneately narrowed into a slender petiole

0.5-2 cm. long, at margin serrulate, on both surfaces canescent,

lengthwise 1-nerved, penninerved, 5-6.5 cm. long including petiole

and 7-9 mm. wide. Capitula under 2 cm. wide when expanded at

anthesis and ±5 mm. tall. Achenes commonly aristate at center of

the pulverulent apex but more often only 1-7-appendiculate at its

circumference.

Specimens examined: Charles Noyes Forbes 288-L, on slopes

above Manele, Isl. Lanai, Hawaiian Isls., June, 1913 (2 type sheets,

Field).

The type material somewhat resembles in general habit the

typical L. lavarum of Maui and elsewhere and had been considered

by me some years ago as connecting the bulk of Lanai material with

the species proper. A re-examination shows, however, that it differs

at once in the absence of two well developed lateral leaf -veins (which

if present would give the characteristic triple-nerved leaves so com-

mon in L. lavarum proper) and in its lack of a definite fimbriate

coronula near the centers of the achenial apices. It is likely, too,

that the flowering heads are consistently smaller. In the species

proper, they measure 1.8-2.6 (rarely -3) cm. across, while here the

three examined are well under 2 cm. across.

584 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Bidens somaliensis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 395. 1930; Field Mus.

Bot. Ser. 16: 595, pi. 167. 1937.

The type of Bidens somaliensis was collected by Domenico Riva,

no. 85, in grassy fields and on plains, from Biddum to Volghe,

Somalia, September 15, 1893 (Flor., 2 sheets). This heretofore

little-known species has recently been collected again by Miss G. A.

Chambers, in the rather remote Bukoba Province of northwestern

Tanganyika Territory: no. K52, "largely growing in country which

reminded me of Alpine meadows," alt. 6,000 feet, Bugufi, January,

1936 (Kew) ; no. K55, with identical data. Like the two type speci-

mens, these differ from the somewhat similar Bidens ruandensis

Sherff of the region (Ruanda) immediately west of Bukoba, in having

the upper leaves lanceolate or broader (not linear), foliar teeth

antrorse or spreading (not incurved), exterior involucral bracts

equaling or shorter than (not longer than) the interior, etc. (It

may be noted here that the leaves of B. somaliensis were originally

described somewhat misleadingly as "non manifeste petiolata," with

the qualification that they were "inferne sensim ad basim . . .

angustata." In the case of the lower and even some median leaves,

the cuneately narrowed basal portion of the lamina ends in what

amounts to an alate-margined petiole 1-4 cm. long.)

Collected by Miss Chambers at the same place and time with her

K52 and K55 was a third specimen, no. K21 (Kew). This was

from a robust plant probably a meter or more tall, and erectly well

branched at the subcorymbose, 9-capitulate inflorescence. The

uppermost leaves, to be sure, are essentially linear, as for B. ruan-

densis, but the characters of the median leaves reveal a closer affinity

with B. somaliensis, of which Miss Chambers' plant ( K21) may be

taken as representing a new variety:

Bidens somaliensis bukobensis var. nov.

Folia mediana angustiora, sub 1.8 cm. lata, utrinque attenuata

sed apice subobtusa, utroque latere irregulariter tantum 1-3-dentata

vel superiora integra. Achaenia breviora, sub 1 mm. longa.

Median leaves narrower, under 1.8 cm. wide, at both ends

attenuate but subobtuse at apex, on each side irregularly only 1-3-

dentate or the upper ones entire. Achenes shorter, under 1 mm. long.

Bidens Steppia var. Elskensii Sherff, Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 13:

286. 1935; Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 16: 545. 1937.

The type of this variety was collected by O. Elskens, no. 257, in

places long cultivated, hills at Kitega, Ruanda, tropical east Africa,

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 585

December 13, 1922 (Bruss.). Its achenes measured 1.1-1.3 mm.

wide. Recently the variety has been collected once again, in a

region not far east of Ruanda: Romola D. Bax 204, near Shinyanga,

northern Tanganyika Territory, 1932-1933 (Kew).1 This latter

specimen, consisting of three fine flowering and fruiting sprays

mounted on a single sheet, is close to the type (of which I have my

large photograph before me) but differs in having somewhat nar-

rower achenes, these measuring only 0.8-1 mm. wide.

Bidens Schimperi brachycera var. nov.

Herba annua ±4.5 dm. alta. Folia principalia 5- vel 7-partita

petiolo usque ad 4.5 cm. longo, petiolo adjecto majora ± 1.8 dm. longa,

foliolis moderate vel sublate lanceolatis, imis interdum breviter

(2-5 mm.) petiolulatis usque ad 7 cm. longis et 4 cm. latis plus

minusve 3-5-partitis (lobis lateralibus parvis ovatis ±1 cm. longis).

Capitula pansa ad anthesin 2-4.5 cm. lata, involucri bracteis exteri-

oribus usque ad 2 cm. longis et 2.8 mm. latis, floribus ligulatis etiam

usque ad 2.3 cm. longis. Achaenia minora tantum circ. 5-6 mm.

longa et supra 1-1.3 mm. lata, inferne sensim plus minusve angus-

tata; aristis minimis sub 0.2 mm. longis, nudis.

Annual herb ±4.5 dm. tall. Principal leaves 5- or 7-parted, with

petiole included (this up to 4.5 cm. long) the larger ones ±1.8 dm.

long; leaflets moderately or rather widely lanceolate, lowermost

ones sometimes shortly (2-5 mm.) petiolulate up to 7 cm. long and

4 cm. wide and more or less 3-5-parted (their lateral lobes small,

ovate, ±1 cm. long). Capitula 2-4.5 cm. wide when expanded at

anthesis; exterior involucral bracts up to 2 cm. long and 2.8 mm.

wide; ligulate florets even up to 2.3 cm. long. Achenes smaller,

only about 5-6 mm. long and near top 1-1.3 mm. wide, gradually

more or less narrowed downwardly; aristae very small, under 0.2

mm. long, nude.

Specimens examined: Romola D. Bax 203, growing 2-3.5 feet tall,

in long grass, Shinyanga, northern Tanganyika Territory, March,

1933 (Kew); Bax 206, growing 1.5 feet tall, in grass, Shinyanga,

May, 1933 (type, Kew).

Bidens Schimperi Schz. Bip., as might be surmised from the

several synonyms which have been created for it, is a polymorphous

species, especially so as to leaf-outline and size of achenes. The

species proper normally has the outer achenes with bodies ranging

1 Shinyanga is about 100 kilometers south of the southeast coast of Lake

Victoria. Bax 203 (Kew) was collected in March, 1933, and Bax 206 (Kew) in

May, 1933, but the month is not given for Bax 204.

586 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

up to 9-12 (-14) mm. long and 2-2.6 mm. wide, and inner achenes

with bodies up to 1.6 cm. long and about 2 mm. wide. Cultivated

specimens sometimes have inner achenes with bodies 2.2 cm. long.

Var. kptocera Sherff differs as to achenes in having the bodies only

3-5 mm. long, also the aristae exceedingly slender and 1.5-3 (not

2.5-4) mm. long. Var. brachycera differs at once from both in having

achenes almost exaristate, the aristae being mere rudiments less

than 0.2 mm. long and without barbs. From var. leptocera, var.

brachycera may be recognized instantly by its moderately to almost

broadly lanceolate, not linear to linear-lanceolate, leaf -divisions.

Bidens Schimperi leiocera var. nov.

Folia bipinnata vel tripinnatisecta, petiolo gracili usque ad 5 cm.

longo, rhachi exalata vel terminaliter subalata, petiolo adjecto ±1.5

dm. longa. Capitula pansa ad anthesin 3-4 cm. lata, disco circ. 1.2

cm. lata. Ovaria faciebus marginibusque glabra apice fimbriato-

setoso biaristata aristis tenuibus acribus nudis ±2.5 mm. longis.

Leaves bipinnate or tripinnatisect, including the slender (and

up to 5 cm. long) petiole ±1.5 dm. long, rachis exalate or terminally

subalate. Capitula 3-4 cm. wide when expanded at anthesis, disc

about 1.2 cm. wide. Ovaries glabrous on faces and margins, at top

fimbriate-setose and biaristate; aristae slender, sharp, nude, ±2.5

mm. long.

Specimens examined: J. D. Martin, Mazabuka, northern Rhodesia

(type, Kew).

The type had been determined at Kew as Coreopsis Steppia

Steetz (Bidens Steppia mihi), perhaps because of the rather long ray-

florets, these giving the flowering heads a width of 3-4 cm. In

characters of the leaves (nature of pubescence, texture, presence of

numerous glandular dots, kind of dissection, outlines of segments,

etc.), in nature of involucre, in size of disc, etc., the affinities are

seen at once to be with Bidens Schimperi Schz. Bip.

Bidens Snowdenii sp. nov.

Herba annua, ±5 dm. alta; caule tetragono, purpurascenti,

glabro, superne ramoso, ramis sparsim hispidis. Folia primaria

absentia; secundaria tenuiter petiolata petiolis ciliatis aliter saepe

glabratis 5-13 mm. longis, petiolo adjecto sub 3.5 cm. longa et sub

2 cm. lata, pinnatim 3-5-partita segmentis plus minusve rhomboide

ovatis lanceolatisve acriter saepe subincise paucidentatis membra-

naceis hispidis plus minusve petiolulatis saepius 5-12 mm. longis.

Capitula moderate numerosa (±25), subcorymbose disposita, radi-

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 587

ata, pansa ad anthesin 2-2.5 cm. lata et 7-8 mm. alta, graciliter

pedunculata pedunculis sparsim hispidis usque ad 5.5 cm. longis, disco

demum circ. 1.2 cm. lato. Involucri bracteae 2-seriales subaequales,

exteriores 8-10 lineari-lanceolatae hispidae apice saepius acutae demum

reflexae 5-6 mm. longae et 1-1.4 mm. latae; interiores late oblongo-

lanceolatae, plus minusve glabratae. Flores ligulati 8-10, flavi,

ligula lineari-oblongi, ±1 cm. longi. Paleae lanceolatae vel oblongae,

infra saepe late diaphano-marginatae, sub 8 mm. longae. Achaenia

anguste vel late oblongo-linearia vel interdum subcuneata, exalata,

facie ventral! plana dorsali angulato-convexa, utraque facie circ.

8-sulculata et superne erecto-setosa, plumbeo-nigra, marginibus

infra breviter supra longius erecto-setosa, apice erecte setosa setis

in cristam coronamve membranaceam coalitis etiam biaristata

aristis gracilibus 1-2.2 mm. longis antrorsum hispidulis.

Annual herb, ±5 dm. tall; stem tetragonal, becoming purplish,

glabrous, branched above, the branches sparsely hispid. Primary

leaves absent; secondary ones slenderly petiolate (the ciliate but

otherwise often glabrate petioles 5-13 mm. long), under 3.5 cm.

long with petiole included and under 2 cm. wide, pinnately 3-5-

parted; segments more or less rhomboidally ovate or lanceolate,

sharply often incisedly few-dentate, membranaceous, hispid, more

or less petiolulate, more often 5-12 mm. long. Capitula moderately

numerous (±25), subcorymbosely disposed, radiate, 2-2.5 cm. wide

when expanded at anthesis and 7-8 mm.tall, slenderly pedunculate

with the sparsely hispid peduncles up to 5.5 cm. long, disc finally

about 1.2 cm. wide. Involucral bracts 2-seriate, subequal; exterior

ones 8-10, linear-lanceolate, hispid, at apex more often acute, finally

reflexed, 5-6 mm. long and 1-1.4 mm. wide; interior ones widely

oblong-lanceolate, more or less glabrate. Ligulate florets 8-10,

yellow, ±1 cm. long, the ligule linear-oblong. Paleae lanceolate or

oblong, often widely diaphanous-margined below, under 8 mm. long.

Achenes narrowly or widely oblong-linear or sometimes subcuneate,

exalate, ventrally flat but dorsally angulate-convex, on each face

about 8-sulculate and toward top erectly setose, leaden-black, at

margins shortly erect-setose below but more elongately so above,

at apex erect-setose with setae coalesced into a membranaceous

crest or crown, also biaristate; aristae slender, 1-2.2 mm. long,

antrorsely hispidulous.

Specimens examined: J. D. Snowden 1,631, growing 1-2 feet

tall, occasional in short-grass land, alt. 7,000 feet, "Kigezi: Ma-

bungo," Uganda, Kenya Colony, October 25, 1929 (type, Kew).

588 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

In the key given in my monograph on Bidens (Field Mus. Bot.

Ser. 16. 1937), B. Snowdenii goes to the first letter e on page 62.

As to length of ligulate florets, it goes to the first letter / thereunder,

but may be separated at once from the two species there given by

its antrorsely hispidulous not, as in B. Schimperi, retrorsely barbed

achenial aristae, or by the even or unbroken not (as in B. Onisci-

formis) pectinate-dentate or lacerate margins of the exterior achenes.

From the nature of its achenes, with their apical setae somewhat

coalesced below into a small, diaphanous cup or crown, B. Snowdenii

is seen to stand near B. Grantii (Oliv.) Sherff.

Bidens imatongensis sp. nov.

Herba perennis, ramosa, valida, usque ad 2.4 m. alta; ramis sul-

catis subangulatis sparsim vel apices versus dense hispidis. Folia

opposita, breviter alato-petiolata, pinnatim ±5-partita (unicum

principale paulum mancum visum); foliolis lateralibus inferioribus

lanceolato-ovatis, petiolulatis petiolulo late alato ±1 cm. longo,

grosse acriterque dentatis (dentibus saepe duplicibus triplicibusve

subantrorsis apice calloso-mucronulatis), apice attenuatis, mem-

branaceis, supra subsparsim infra moderate vel ad venas dense

pilis multiloculatis hispidis, usque ad 9.5 cm. longis et 5 cm. latis;

lateralibus superioribus similibus sed paulo minoribus et basi sessili

ad rhachin late decurrentibus; terminali angustiore. Capitula ±4-

congregata, subrobuste pedunculata pedunculo dense patenti-hispido

1-7 cm. longo, radiata, pansa ad anthesin ±5 cm. lata et ±1.5 cm.

alta, disco demum 2-2.5 cm. lato et circ. 1.5 cm. alto. Involucri

hispidi bracteae 2- vel sub-3-seriales lanceolatae extimae circ. 10-12

patentes reflexaeve 8-15 mm. longae quam aliae paulo nunc breviores

nunc longiores. Flores ligulati ±12, flavi, ligula anguste oblongo-

obovati, apice plus minusve integri ±2.5 cm. longi. Paleae oblonge

lineares, apice colorato subacutae vel acutae, usque ad 1.4 cm.

longae. Achaenia submatura plana, cuneate angusteque lineari-

oblonga, atro-brunnea, utraque facie circ. 8-sulculata et glabra vel

supra sparsissime setosa, apice marginibusque erecte setosa, corpore

4-6 mm. longa et 1.1-1.4 mm. lata, exalata, biaristata aristis gracili-

bus acribus ±2 mm. longis maxima pro parte nudis sed plerumque

ad basim raro ad apicem antrorso-setosis.

Perennial herb, branched, robust, up to 2.4 meters tall; branches

grooved, subangulate, sparsely or toward their tips densely hispid.

Leaves opposite, shortly wing-petioled, pinnately ±5-parted (a lone,

somewhat imperfect principal leaf seen) ; lower lateral leaflets lanceo-

late-ovate, petiolulate with a widely winged petiolule ±1 cm. long,

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 589

coarsely and sharply dentate (teeth often double or triple, sub-

antrorse, apically indurate-mucronulate), at apex attenuate, mem-

branaceous, above subsparsely below moderately or at the veins

densely hispid with multiloculate hairs, up to 9.5 cm. long and 5 cm.

wide; upper lateral leaflets similar but somewhat smaller and at

their sessile base widely decurrent upon the rachis; terminal leaflet

narrower. Capitula ±4 to an inflorescence, subrobustly pedunculate

with a peduncle densely spreading-hispid and 1-7 cm. long, radiate,

±5 cm. wide when expanded at anthesis and ±1.5 cm. tall, disc

finally 2-2.5 cm. wide and about 1.5 cm. tall. Involucre hispid,

its bracts 2- or sub-3-seriate and lanceolate; outermost ones about

10-12, spreading or reflexed, 8-15 mm. long; the others now a little

longer now a little shorter. Ligulate florets ±12, yellow, with

narrowly oblong-obovate ligule, at apex more or less entire, ±2.5 cm.

long. Paleae oblong-linear, subacute or acute at the colored apex,

up to 1.4 cm. long. Achenes submature, flat, cuneately and narrowly

linear-oblong, blackish-brown, on each face about 8-sulculate and

glabrous or toward top very sparsely setose, at apex and margins

erectly setose, exalate, as to body 4-6 mm. long and 1.1-1.4 mm.

wide, biaristate; aristae slender, sharp, ±2 mm. long, for the most

part nude but commonly at base and rarely at apex antrorsely setose.

Specimens examined: W. J. Eggeling 1,195 (field no. 820), large,

branched herb, growing up to 8 feet tall, alt. 6,500 feet, Imatong

Mountains, Uganda, Kenya Colony (type, Kew),

In the key given in my monograph on Bidens (Field Mus. Bot.

Ser. 16. 1937), B. imatongensis might go at times to B. magnifolia

(first letter i on page 69) but doubtless more often would go to

near B. Crataegifolia and B. kamerunensis (both under the second

letter n on page 70). From B. magnifolia it differs in having short,

winged leaf -petioles; not or at most very inconspicuously glandular-

punctulate leaf -blades; peduncles spreading-hispid, not glabrate;

mostly larger, more spreading, more or less 3-seriate involucral

bracts; about 12 not 8-10 ligulate florets, etc. FromB. Crataegifolia

it differs in having shorter leaf -petioles (±1 not 2-3 cm. long) ; leaf-

blades pinnately ±5-parted, the larger ones ±2 dm. wide, not simple

or subsimple and 2.5-3.5 cm. wide; ligulate florets about 12, not

about 8; achenial aristae slender and ±2 mm. long, not thickish

below and about 0.5 mm. long, etc. From B. kamerunensis it differs

in having lateral leaflets of larger leaves up to 9.5 cm. long and 5 cm.

wide, not up to 2.5 cm. long and about 1 cm. wide; achenial body

(when mature) probably little more than 6 mm. long and 1.4 mm.

590 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

wide, not about 11-13 mm. long and 2 mm. wide; achenial apex con-

sistently biaristate with slender aristae mostly about 2 mm. long,

not exaristate or at most comparatively short-aristate with aristae

under 1.5 mm. long, etc.

Bidens Lynesii sp. nov.

Perennis, fruticosa vel subfruticosa, ramosa, usque ad 2.7 m.

alta; ramis tetragonis, glabris, siccis purpureo-nigris; ultimis gracili-

bus, saepius 0.7-2 mm. crassis, superne plus minusve hispidulis.

Folia opposita, petiolata petiolis tenuibus patenti-hispidis usque ad

±3.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 6-11 cm. longa, pinnatim 3-5-partita,

demum insigniter membranacea, supra non nisi secundum venas

hispidula, infra pallidiora saepe numerose atro-punctulata et prae-

cipue secundum venas hispida pilis multiloculatis; foliolis ovatis vel

terminali lanceolate, acriter subdupliciterque serratis (dentibus

mucronatis), lateralibus obtusis acutisve usque ad 2.5 cm. longis et

1.5 cm. latis, rhachi alata, terminali acuto attenuatove. Capitula

solitaria vel pauca ad ramulorum apices disposita, radiata, pansa ad

anthesin 3.5-4.5 cm. lata et ±1 cm. alta; pedunculo gracili usque

ad 5.5 cm. longo. Involucri bracteae biseriales, exteriores circ. 8,

oblongo-spathulatae vel obovato-oblongae, irregulariter hispidae

pilis multiloculatis, circ. 5-nervatae, apice acutae vel subobtusae,

circ. 6-7 mm. longae; interiores paulo longiores, moderate hispidulae,

ovato-lanceolatae. Flores ligulati circ. 8, flavi, ligula anguste oblan-

ceolato-oblongae, apice subintegri, 1.6-2.2 cm. longae. Paleae

lineari-oblongae, 6-7 mm. longae. Achaenia submatura valde ob-

compressa, anguste oblonga, nigra, utraque facie ±8-sulculata et

glabra vel apicem versus paucisetosa, exalata sed apice margini-

busque erecto-setosa setis stramineis et inferne plus minusve alato-

connatis, corpore ±4.5 mm. longa et ±1.4 mm. lata, biaristata

aristis tenuissimis acribus circ. 3.5-4 mm. longis nudis vel raro

antrorso-hamosa unico hamo.

Perennial, fruticose or suffruticose, branched, up to 2.7 meters

tall; branches tetragonal, glabrous, purplish-black when dry; ulti-

mate branches slender, more often 0.7-2 mm. thick, more or less

hispidulous above. Leaves opposite, petiolate, 6-11 cm. long includ-

ing petiole, pinnately 3-5-parted, finally very membranaceous,

glabrous on upper surface unless hispidulous along veins, on paler

lower surface often numerously dark-punctulate and especially along

veins hispid with multilocular hairs; leaflets ovate or terminal one

lanceolate, sharply and somewhat doubly serrate with mucronately

tipped teeth, lateral ones obtuse or acute and up to 2.5 cm. long by

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 591

1.5 cm. wide, rachis winged, terminal leaflet acute or attenuate at

apex; petiole slender, spreading-hispid, up to ±3.5 cm. long. Capi-

tula solitary or few at the ends of the branches, radiate, 3.5^4.5 cm.

wide when expanded at anthesis and ±1 cm. tall; peduncle slender,

up to 5.5 cm. long. Involucral bracts in two series; exterior about 8,

oblong-spatulate or obovate-oblong, irregularly hispid with multi-

locular hairs, about 5-nerved, at apex acute or subobtuse, about

6-7 mm. long; interior a little longer, moderately hispidulous, ovate-

lanceolate. Ligulate florets about 8, yellow, with narrowly oblanceo-

late-oblong ligule, at apex subentire, 1.6-2.2 cm. long. Paleae linear-

oblong, 6-7 mm. long. Achenes submature, strongly obcompressed,

narrowly oblong, black, on each face ±8-sulculate and glabrous or

toward apex few-setose, exalate but at margins and apex erect-setose

with straw-colored and infernally more or less alate-connate setae,

as to body ±4.5 mm. long and ±1.4 mm. wide, biaristate; aristae

very slender, sharp, about 3.5-4 mm. long, naked or rarely antrorse-

barbed with a single barb.

Specimens examined: Rear-Admiral Hubert Lynes (Dabaga no.)

4, growing into a bush up to 9 feet tall at edges of groves, Dabaga,

Tanganyika Territory, February 5, 1932 (type, Kew).

The aspect of the four sprays mounted upon the type sheet is

singularly like that of many Hawaiian Island species of the section

Campylotheca (Cass.) Nutt. The species is seen from its achenes,

however, to belong, as all other forms of Bidens newly described in

this paper, in the section Psilocarpaea DC. In the key given in my

monograph on Bidens (Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 16. 1937), B. Lynesii

would go very definitely to the first letter m on page 70. From B.

phelloptera given there it differs widely, however, in having its ex-

terior involucral bracts hispid and upwardly dilated, its interior

involucral bracts not connate below, its mature inner achenial bodies

surely never 8-9 mm. long, etc.

Bidens insignis sp. nov.

Herba perennis, ±1.5 m. alta; caulibus pluribus congregatis,

forsitan non ramosis, tetragonis, glabris, sulculatis et plus minusve

purpureo-striatis. Folia opposita, petiolata, supra moderate infra

dense hispida; inferiora vel principalia magna, petiolis circ. 4.5-5 cm.

longis, lamina circumambitu deltoideo-ovata±ll cm. longa et 9-14.5

cm. lata rhachi plus minusve alata foliolis lateralibus 3 vel 4 paribus

(ovato-lanceolatis, 2.5-7.5 cm. longis et 1.5-3 cm. latis, apice acutis

vel attenuatis, crenato-serratis et saepe incise 1-3-lobulatis, secundum

592 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

rhachin decurrentibus) terminal! (pro unico folio viso et forsitan non

typico) breviore rhomboideo utrinque latissime cuneato; superiora

minora, petiolis 2-3.5 cm. longis, lamina 6-7 cm. longa et ±7 cm.

lata, foliolis lateralibus 1 pare lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis sim-

plicibus terminali rhomboideo subtripartito segmentis plus minusve

attenuatis. Capitula corymbose disposita, radiata, pansa ad an-

thesin ±8 cm. lata et ±1.3 cm. alta, disco 1.5-2 cm. lato, pedicellis

±1 cm. longis et (ut inflorescentiae ramis) patenti-hispidis. In-

volucri bracteae hispidae 2-3-seriales exteriores 8-10 lineares vel

lanceolatae 6-8 mm. longae interiores lanceolatae ±1 cm. longae.

Flores ligulati probabiliter 12-14, flavi, ligula oblongi vel obovato-

oblongi, apice vix denticulati, 3-4 cm. longi et usque ad 1.1 cm. lati.

Paleae lineares, 7-10 mm. longae. Achaenia submatura plana, exalata,

utraque facie circ. 8-sulculata et glabra vel paulum erecto-hispidula,

brunneo-atra, marginibus apiceque erecto-setosa, biaristata aristis

1.5-2.5 mm. longis nudis vel raro basin versus antrorsum 1-hamosis.

Perennial herb, ±1.5 meters tall; stems clumped many together,

possibly simple, tetragonal, glabrous, sulculate and more or less

purple-striate. Leaves opposite, petiolate, above moderately below

densely hispid; lower or principal ones large, petioles about 4.5-5 cm.

long, blade deltoid-ovate in outline and ±11 cm. long by 9-14.5 cm.

wide, rachis more or less alate, lateral leaflets 3 or 4 pairs (ovate-

lanceolate, 2.5-7.5 cm. long and 1.5-3 cm. wide, at apex acute or

attenuate, crenate-serrate and often incisedly 1-3-lobulate, decurrent

along the rachis), terminal leaflet (this seen for a single leaf and per-

haps not typical) shorter, rhomboid, at both ends very widely cune-

ate; upper leaves smaller, petioles 2-3.5 cm. long, blade 6-7 cm. long

and ±7 cm. wide, lateral leaflets a single pair (these lanceolate or

ovate-lanceolate, simple), terminal leaflet rhomboid, subtripartite,

its segments more or less attenuate. Capitula corymbosely disposed,

radiate, ±8 cm. wide when expanded at anthesis and ±1.3 cm. tall,

disc 1.5-2 cm. wide, pedicels ±1 cm. long and (like branches of in-

florescence) spreading-hispid. Involucral bracts hispid, 2-3-seriate,

the 8-10 outer ones linear or lanceolate and 6-8 mm. long, inner ones

lanceolate and ±1 cm. long. Ligulate florets probably 12-14, yellow,

with oblong or obovate-oblong ligule, at apex scarcely denticulate,

3-4 cm. long and up to 1.1 cm. wide. Paleae linear, 7-10 mm. long.

Achenes submature, flat, exalate, on each face about 8-sulculate and

glabrous or somewhat erect-hispidulous, brownish-black, at margins

and top erect-setose, biaristae; aristae 1.5-2.5 mm. long, naked or

rarely armed toward base with an erect barb.

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 593

Specimens examined : Mrs. Brodhurst- Hill 612, a very handsome

plant, growing in large clumps, 5 feet tall, alt. about 7,000 feet,

Menengai, Kenya Colony (type, Kew).

Rather noteworthy as combining in one species such large lower

leaves, glabrous and purple-striate stems, comparatively small

exterior involucral bracts, and large flowering-heads. In the key

given in my monograph onBidens (Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 16. 1937), B.

insignis would stand next to B. magnifolia on page 69. From that

species it differs at once in having only the lower leaves large (these

even then being less attenuate-tipped, rather thickish, less sharply

serrate, and lacking blackish, glandular dots), peduncles or pedicels

much shorter, flowering heads broader, ligulate florets longer and

more numerous, achenial aristae nude, etc.

In its lower or larger leaves it may faintly approach the upper

leaves of Coreopsis pinnatipartita 0. Hoffm., from which it differs

in lacking glabrous, alate, exaristate achenes, etc.

Bidens nobilis sp. nov.

Frutex ramosus 1.8-3.6 m. altus, ramis tetragonis sulculatis

demum atro-purpurascentibus glabris gracilibus unico viso tantum

1-2 mm. crasso. Folia opposita glaberrima etiam eciliata tenui-

ter petiolata petiolis vix submarginatis usque ad 1.5 cm. longis,

petiolo adjecto 4-6.5 cm. longa, circumambitu deltoideo-ovata,

bipinnatisecta, foliolis plerumque 5, terminali inferioribusque saepius

5-partitis medianis circ. 3-partitis (segmentis lineari-oblongis, mem-

branaceis, saepius 2-3.5 mm. latis, apice mucronatis, rhachin mar-

ginatam simulantibus). Capitula (unicum visa) solitaria, peduncu-

lum gracilem sparsim patenti-hispidum ±3 cm. longum terminantia,

pansa ad anthesin ±6 cm. lata et ±1.2 cm. alta, disco ±1.3 cm. lato.

Involucrum (unicum visum) late depresso-campanulatum; bracteis

exterioribus ±8, lineari-lanceolatis, apice vix acutis, faciebus sub-

sparsim hispidulis, 6-9 mm. longis; interioribus late oblongo-lanceo-

latis, margine diaphano flavidis, alibi purpureo-brunneis, tergo gla-

bratis, apice puberulentis, circ. 8-9.5 mm. altis. Flores ligulati ±8,

flavi, ligula plus minusve lanceolato-oblongi, apice subintegri, circ.

2.5 cm. longi. Paleae lineares, glabrae vel glabratae, infra stramineae,

supra coloratae, 7-8.5 mm. longae et sub 1 mm. latae. Styli rami

pro floribus tubulosis sensim vel subabrupte caudati. Achaenia

matura ignota. Ovaria vel achaenia immatura plana, exalata, atro-

brunnea, utraque facie glaberrima etiam circ. 8-sulculata et mediane

plus minusve costata, apice marginibusque erecto-setosa, corpore

594 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

2.5-3.5 mm. longa et circ. 1 mm. lata, biaristata aristis suberectis

acribus nudis 1-1.5 mm. longis.

Shrub, branched, 1.8-3.6 meters tall; branches tetragonal, sulcu-

late, finally blackish-purple, glabrous, slender, (the single one seen)

only 1-2 mm. thick. Leaves opposite, very glabrous, even eciliate,

slenderly petiolate, 4-6.5 cm. long including petiole, deltoid-ovate in

outline, bipinnatisect; leaflets commonly 5, terminal and lower ones

more often 5-parted, median ones about 3-parted (segments linear-

oblong, membranaceous, more often 2-3.5 mm. wide, at apex mu-

cronate, simulating the winged rachis) ; petiole scarcely submargined,

up to 1.5 cm. long. Capitula (a single one seen) solitary, terminating

the slender, sparsely spreading-hispid, and ±3 cm. long peduncle,

±6 cm. wide when expanded at anthesis and ±1.2 cm. tall, the disc

±1.3 cm. wide. Involucre (only one seen) broadly depressed-cam-

panulate; outer bracts ±8, linear-lanceolate, at apex scarcely acute,

on faces subsparsely hispidulous, 6-9 mm. long; inner bracts widely

oblong-lanceolate, yellow on the diaphanous margin, elsewhere

purple-brown, dorsally glabrate, apically puberulent, about 8-9.5

mm. tall. Ligulate florets ±8, yellow, with more or less lanceolate-

oblong ligule, at apex subentire, about 2.5 cm. long. Paleae linear,

glabrous or glabrate, straw-colored below, otherwise colored above,

7-8.5 mm. long and less than 1 mm. wide. Style-branches gradually

or subabruptly caudate. Mature achenes unknown. Ovaries or

immature achenes flat, wingless, blackish-brown, on each surface

very glabrous also about 8-sulculate and medianly more or less cos-

tate, at apex and margins erect-setose, as to body about 2.5-3.5 mm.

long and about 1 mm. wide, biaristate; aristae suberect, sharp, nude,

1-1.5 mm. long.

Specimens examined: C. Gilbert Rogers 133, a strong-growing,

branched shrub 6-12 feet tall, in lower part of open scrub-forest zone,

alt. 7,300 feet, Kimengalia Stream, above Rongai, north slopes of

Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanganyika Territory, December 1, 1932

(type, Kew).

In the key presented in my monograph on Bidens (Field Mus.

Bot. Ser. 16. 1937), this species would stand under the second letter i

at the bottom of page 68. From the four species there listed it may

be immediately distinguished as follows: from B. Elliotii in having

leaves (petiole included) 4-6.5 not mostly 6-10 or even -17 cm. long,

their leaflets comparatively wider and much less elongate-linear;

fromB. Taylori in having flowering-heads much wider than 2-2.5 cm.;

fromB. Schlechteri in having heads at anthesis ±6 not 3-4.5 cm. wide,

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 595

branches leafy up to the short (±3 cm. long) peduncles, not subnude

toward the often elongate (up to 16 cm. long) peduncles, terminal

leaf-lobe commonly 6-15 mm. long past its lateral lobules or teeth,

not 2-5 cm.; from B. kivuensis in being glabrous and in having

biaristate ovaries.

Bidens taitensis Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 90: 396. 1930; Field Mus.

Bot. Ser. 16: 552, pi. 141. 1937.

Bidens taitensis was founded upon a single specimen collected

by J. M. Hildebrandt, no. 2,432a, at altitude of 600-900 meters,

Taita (Teita) Mountains, Kenya Colony, February, 1877 (Berl.).

Apparently Hildebrandt had found only the one plant growing. The

type description was necessarily somewhat incomplete. More

recently a lone additional specimen of this seemingly rare species has

been collected: Miss E. R. Napier 1,321, an herb 3-6 feet tall, only

one plant seen, growing on hillside in association with Vernonia sp.

and scrub, alt. 4,500 feet, Wusi, Taita Hills, Kenya Colony, June 17,

1931 (Kew). My original description may now be amplified as

follows: Height 0.9-1.8 meters. Flowering heads (a single one seen)

±5 cm. wide. Exterior involucral bracts at times mostly ovate-

oblong. Ligulate florets 8.

Bidens Iloff mannii angustata var. nov.

Foliorum segmenta involuta plerumque tantum 0.3-0.6 mm.

lata. Capitula pansa ad anthesin sub 2 cm. lata. Involucri bracteae

exteriores saepius 8, tergo non nisi ad basim hispidae sed marginibus

praecipue inferne longo-ciliatae.

Leaf-segments involute, commonly only 0.3-0.6 mm. wide.

Capitula less than 2 cm. across when expanded at anthesis. Exterior

involucral bracts more often 8, dorsally not hispid unless at base but

long-ciliate on margins especially below.

Specimens examined: Mrs. Brodhurst- Hill 215, growing 2.5 feet

tall, in big, spreading clumps along the sides of the Turbo-Soy roads,

in very poor soil and murram, Kenya Colony (type, Kew).

Bidens Bequaertii amplior var. nov.

Folia majora, principalia ±1 dm. longa, foliolis minus patentibus

segmentis angustioribus ±1 mm. latis. Flores ligulati numerosiori 7

vel 8. Achaenia centralia superne arcuata ±1.5 cm. longa, aristis 2

probabiliter numquam 3.

Leaves larger, principal ones ±1 dm. long; leaflets less spreading;

their segments narrower, ±1 mm. wide. Ligulate florets more

596 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

numerous, 7 or 8. Central achenes curved above, ±1.5 cm. long;

aristae 2 and probably never 3.

Specimens examined: Rear-Admiral H. Lynes no. I.h. 263a, alt.

6,200-6,400 feet, Mt. Mferu, Iringa, central Tanganyika Territory,

March 22, 1932 (type, Kew).

Bidens dolosa sp. nov.

Herba perennis usque ad 2.4 m. alta, caule subtereti sulculato

glabrato vel superne subglanduloso-pubescenti. Folia opposita

anguste petiolata petiolis usque ad 5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto ±1.7

dm. longa; lamina circumambitu deltoideo-ovata, pinnatim 5-7-

partita, foliolis membranaceis plerumque eciliatis, acriter serrata

dentibus pro utroque latere saepius 20-30, supra glabratis, infra

praecipue secundum venas brunneo-tomentosis, lanceolatis, apice

plus minusve attenuatis, basi sessilibus, medianis superioribusque

alato-decurrentibus, plerumque 4-7 cm. longis et 1.5-2.2 cm. latis,

terminali plus minusve imperfecte tripartite. Capitula corymbose

disposita (unica inflorescentia visa ±ll-capitulata circ. 1.5 dm. lata

et sub 1 dm. alta), radiata, circ. 4 cm. lata et circ. 1 cm. alta, graciliter

pedicellata pedicellis glanduloso-pubescentibus plerumque sub 3 cm.

longis. Involucri bracteae subaequales exteriores 6-8, lanceolato-

lineares, intus vix extus plus minusve dense adpresso-hispidulae,

longitudinaliter 3- vel sub-5-nervatae, ±7 mm. longae; interiores lati-

ores, extus margine lato excepto adpresso-hispidulae. Flores ligulati

6-8, flavi, 1.5-2 cm. longi, ligula anguste vel moderate elliptico-

oblongi, apice angustata et vix vel non denticulati. Flores tubulosi

interdum 4- plerumque 5-dentati, paleas lineari-oblongas late mar-

ginatas apice obtusas plerumque superantes. Styli rami abrupte

caudati. Achaenia matura ignota. Ovaria plana, oblonga vel sub-

cuneato-oblonga, faciebus non nisi apicem versus pubescentia, mar-

ginibus apiceque erecto-hispida, corpore 2-2.5 mm. longa et sub 1

mm. lata, biaristata aristis gracilibus circ. 2 mm. longis, superne

paucihamosis hamis superioribus saepius retrorsis aliis erectis.

Perennial herb up to 2.4 meters tall; stem sub terete, minutely

grooved, glabrate or on upper part subglandular-pubescent. Leaves

opposite, narrowly petiolate with petioles up to 5 cm. long, a single

leaf ±1.7 dm. long including its petiole; blade deltoid-ovate in out-

line, pinnately 5-7-parted; leaflets membranaceous, commonly

eciliate, sharply serrate with more often 20-30 teeth to each side,

glabrate above, brown-tomentose underneath especially along the

veins, lanceolate, at apex more or less attenuate, at base sessile,

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 597

median and upper ones alate-decurrent, commonly 4-7 cm. long and

1.5-2.2 cm. wide, terminal one more or less imperfectly tripartite.

Capitula corymbosely disposed (a lone inflorescence seen, this meas-

uring about 1.5 dm. across and less than 1 dm. tall, and having ±11

capitula), radiate, about 4 cm. wide and about 1 cm. tall, slenderly

pedicellate with pedicels glandular-pubescent and commonly under

3 cm. long. Involucral bracts subequal; exterior ones 6-8, lanceolate-

linear, slightly appressed-hispidulous within but more or less densely

so without, lengthwise 3- or sub-5-nerved, ±7 mm. long; interior ones

broader, appressed-hispidulous on outer surface except for the broad

margin. Ligulate florets 6-8, yellow, 1.5-2 cm. long; ligule narrowly

or moderately elliptic-oblong, at apex narrowed and scarcely or not

at all denticulate. Tubular florets at times 4- commonly 5-dentate,

surpassing the paleae; these linear-oblong, widely margined, at apex

obtuse. Style-branches abruptly caudate. Mature achenes un-

known. Ovaries flat, oblong or subcuneate-oblong, glabrous on faces

unless toward apex, on margins and at apex erect-hispid, as to body

2-2.5 mm. long and under 1 mm. wide, biaristate; aristae slender,

about 2 mm. long, few-barbed above, the upper barbs more often

retrorse the others erect.

Specimens examined : P. J. Greenway 3,475, perennial herb up to 8

feet tall, forming a dominant in secondary bush in cleared areas

in Myrica-Macaranga-Gymnosporia-Dodonaea mist forest, common

throughout whole area, alt. 6,400 feet, East Mufindi, Iringa Province,

Tanganyika Territory, August 3, 1933 (type, Kew).

A plant of the section Psilocarpaea DC. In the herbarium it

offers a deceiving resemblance in habit (whence the trivial name)

to Bidens rubifolia H.B.K. of South America, a species differing in

having a climbing habit and the very different ovaries (and of course

achenes) which characterize the section Greenmania Sherff. In the

analytical key of my monograph on the genus Bidens, B. dolosa would

stand next to B. magnifolia (Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 16: 65. 1937).

From B. magnifolia it differs decidedly in its scarcely glandular-

punctate, never subbipinnatifid leaves, narrower and more finely

serrate leaflets, manifestly glandular-pubescent not subglabrous

branches of the inflorescence, dorsally hispid involucral bracts,

narrower ray-florets, etc.

Bidens Chandler! sp. nov.

Herba perennis, pallida, 1.2-1.4 m. alta, e radice lignea orta.

Caulis subsimplex, gracilis, infra obscure supra moderate tetragonus,

glaber vel apicem versus paulum hispidulus; internodiis saepius 8-11

598 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

cm. longis. Folia opposita vel summa alterna, simplicia, linearia, ad

apicem breviter sed basim versus elongate attenuata, marginibus

et infra secundum costam medianam hispida vel scabro-subspinulosa

alibi glabra vel sparsissime setosa, principalia 8-12 cm. longa et

3-5 mm. lata. Capitula pauca (±3 ad rami apicem) corymbose dis-

posita, graciliter pedunculata pedunculo sparsim hispidulo usque ad

1.2 dm. longo, radiata, pansa ad anthesin 3-4 cm. lata et circ. 1 cm.

alta. Involucri basi valde albo-hispidi bracteae subaequales exteri-

ores 6-10, lineari-oblongae, apice obtusae vel rotundae, extus his-

pidulae, 8-10 mm. longae, nervo mediano rare manifesto; interiores

oblongo-ovatae, apice breviter attenuatae, late diaphano-marginatae,

extus irregulariter hispidae. Flores ligulati probabiliter 8, sub-

aurantiaci, ligula oblanceolato-oblongi, apice denticulati, 2-2.5 cm.

longi. Paleae oblonge lineares, apice obtuso vel triangulato-acuto

coloratae, circ. 9-10 mm. longae. Achaenia vix matura obcompresse

plana, lineari-oblonga, exalata, brunneo-atra, utrinque circ. 8-sul-

culata, inferne sparsim superne subsparsim vel marginibus dense

setosa setis plus minusve erectis, corpore ±8 mm. longa et ±1.6 mm.

lata, apice erecte setoso biaristata aristis saepius moderate patentibus

gracilibus stramineis circ. 2 mm. longis nudis vel supra rare unica

seta antrorsum barbatis.

Perennial herb, pale, 1.2-1.4 meters tall, from a woody root.

Stem subsimple, slender, obscurely quadrangular below but moder-

ately so above, glabrous or toward top somewhat hispidulous; inter-

nodes more often 8-11 cm. long. Leaves opposite or the topmost

ones alternate, simple, linear, shortly attenuate at apex but elongately

so toward base, hispid or scabro-subspinulose at margins and along

median rib beneath, elsewhere glabrous or very sparsely setose,

principal ones 8-12 cm. long and 3-5 mm. wide. Capitula few (±3

at apex of a branch), corymbosely disposed, slenderly pedunculate

with a peduncle sparsely hispidulous and up to 1.2 dm. long, radiate,

3-4 cm. wide when expanded at anthesis and about 1 cm. tall. In-

volucre strongly white-hispid at base, its bracts subequal; outer ones

6-10, linear-oblong, at apex obtuse or rounded, hispidulous on outer

surface, 8-10 mm. long, their median nerve rarely conspicuous;

interior ones oblong-ovate, at apex shortly attenuate, widely dia-

phanous-margined, irregularly hispid on outer surface. Ligulate

florets probably 8, somewhat orange-colored, with oblanceolate-

oblong ligule, at apex denticulate, 2-2.5 cm. long. Paleae oblong-

linear, apically obtuse or triangulate-acute and colored, about 9-10

mm. long. Achenes scarcely mature, obcompressedly flat, linear-

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 599

oblong, without wings, brownish-black, about 8-sulculate on each

face, more or less erectly setose (below sparsely, above subsparsely

or at margins densely so), as to body ±8 mm. long and ±1.6 mm.

wide, at apex erectly setose and biaristate; aristae more often moder-

ately spreading, slender, straw-colored, about 2 mm. long, naked or

rarely barbed above with a single antrorse seta.

Specimens examined: Percy Chandler 939, growing 4 to 4.5 feet

tall, alt. 3,600 feet, Sere, Prov. Teso, Uganda, September, 1932

(type, Kew).

An ally of Bidens Schweinfurthii Sherff, from which it differs at

once in its more delicate habit, in its narrower leaves, and in numer-

ous capitular characters.

Bidens superba brachycarpa var. nov.

A specie ipsa differt: Pedicelli (usque ad 3 cm. longi) forsitan

longiores; involucri bracteis hispidioribus, exterioribus tan turn 4-9

mm. non 1-1.6 cm. longis; ligulis angustioribus; achaeniis ignotis,

ovariorum aristis circ. 2.5 mm. longis.

Differs from species proper: Pedicels (up to 3 cm. long) perhaps

longer; involucral bracts more hispid, outer ones only 4-9 mm. not

1-1.6 cm. long; ligules narrower; achenes unknown, ovarian aristae

about 2.5 mm. long.

Specimens examined: J. D. Snowden 1,594, suffruticose herb in

grassland and old cultivations, alt. 7,000 feet, Kigezi, Mabungo Hill,

southwesternmost Uganda, Kenya Colony, October 24, 1929 (type,

Kew).

Bidens Dielsii incisior var. nov.

Folia rhombo-ovata, plus minusve incise acerrimeque dentata

dentibus saepius antrorsum flexis sinibus inferioribus interdum fere

usque ad rhachin incisis, sub 8 cm. longa, faciebus glabra vel primum

papillato-hispidula. Capitula magis congregata, pedicellis circ. 1-3

cm. longis. Achaenia matura ignota.

Leaves rhombic-ovate, more or less incisedly and very sharply

dentate, under 8 cm. long, the surfaces glabrous or at first papillate-

hispidulous, the teeth more often antrorsely curved, the lower sinuses

at times cut almost to the rachis. Capitula grouped more closely

together, pedicels about 1-3 cm. long. Mature achenes unknown.

Specimens examined: L. C. C. Liebenberg 367 (field no. 415),

growing ±2 feet tall, near top of Mt. Moroto, Uganda, Kenya Colony,

July, 1930 (type, Kew).

600 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Bidens Grantii exaltata var. nov.

Fruticosa, ±3 m. alta, ramis tetragonis, sparsim vel sparsissime

hispidis, herbaceis, internodiis superioribus quam foliis multo longi-

oribus. Folia laxius segmentata, supra moderate infra paulo densius

adpresso-hispida, ±7 cm. longa (inferiora non visa). Capitula pansa

ad anthesin circ. 3 cm. lata et 7-9 mm. alta. Flores ligulati circ. 1.5

cm. longi, ligula anguste oblongo-elliptici. Achaenia corpore 3-5 mm.

longa.

Fruticose, ±3 meters tall, the tetragonal and sparsely or very

sparsely hispid branches herbaceous, the upper internodes much

longer than the leaves; these more remotely segmented, above

moderately below a little more densely appressed-hispid, ±7 cm.

long (lower ones not seen). Capitula about 3 cm. wide and 7-9 mm.

tall when expanded at anthesis. Ligulate florets about 1.5 cm. long,

the ligule narrowly oblong-elliptic. Achenial body 3-5 mm. long.

Specimens examined: R. W. Mettam 255, woody shrub 10 feet

tall, alt. 8,100 feet, Molo grasslands, Naivasha Province, western

Kenya Colony, 1930 (type, Kew).

In the key given in my monograph on the genus Bidens (Field

Mus. Bot. Ser. 16: 539. 1937) the present variety would run at once

to B. Grantii proper. It differs more or less from B. Grantii, however,

in the characters noted, chief among these being the smaller flowering-

heads and, apparently, the reported shrubby habit and gigantic size.

As stated in my monograph (p. 540), the type specimen of B. Grantii

itself lacks the basal portion, but Oliver, in his original description

(Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: 98, pi. 65. 1873), described the species as an

annual. The vars. Dawei Sherff and Scaettae Sherff have definitely

annual roots. Var. Stapfii Sherff, studied by Skan in cultivation

(Curtis's Mag. pi. 8,110. 1906), was described as a perennial. Var.

exaltata is seen, from the collector's data, to be a tall, woody shrub

and thus clearly a perennial. The spray upon the type sheet is

slightly less than 6 dm. long and might well be mistaken as represent-

ing the greater part of an annual herb.

Bidens filiformis sp. nov.

Herba annua, erecta, plus minusve glabra, supra divergenti-

ramosa, ±3 dm. alta, caule sub 1.5 mm. crasso et ramis gracillimis

tetragonis. Folia opposita, petiolata petiolis glabratis vel sparsim

ciliatis basi connatis 0.4-1.5 cm. longis, petiolo adjecto 3-7.5 cm.

longa, plerumque pinnata foliolis 3-5 filiformibus (quam rhachi

-bO.3 mm. lato paulo latioribus) glabratis vel sparsim setulosis usque

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 601

ad 4 cm. longis inferioribus lateralibus oppositis. Capitula solitatim

ramos terminantia (pedunculis gracillimis saepius 4-9 cm. longis),

radiata, pansa ad anthesin 3-3.5 cm. lata et 7-9 mm. alta. Involucri

bracteae exteriores circ. 8, pallidae, angustissime oblongo-lineares et

distantes, plerumque glabratae eciliataeque, apice calloso subobtusae,

plerumque 4-5 mm. longae; interiores ovato-oblongae, paulo bre-

viores, extus minutissime plus minusve setulosae, marginibus latis

diaphanae et apicem versus plus minusve purpureae. Flores ligulati

plerumque 8, flavi vel corollae guttur versus aurantiaci, ±1.5 cm.

longi, ligula angustissime oblanceolato-lineares, apice minutissime

2-denticulati vel subintegri. Paleae lanceolatae, exteriores superne

purpureae et apice puberulento acutae, interiores apice flavo elongato-

tortae et demum usque ad 1.3 cm. longae. Achaenia 20-35, atra,

anguste elongato-linearia, plana vel convexo-concava utraque facie

circ. 8-sulculata et erecto-setulosa vel apicem basimque versus

glabra, marginibus erecto-setosa, corpore 0.8-1.3 cm. longa et ±0.7

mm. lata, apice stramineo dense erecto-setosa et biaristata, aristis

stramineis gracilibus subdivergentibus apice retrorsum 1- vel 2-

hamosis alibi glaberrimis circ. 1 mm. longis.

Annual herb, erect, more or less glabrous, divergently branched

above, ±3 dm. tall; stem 1.5 mm. or less thick, tetragonal as are the

very slender branches. Leaves opposite, petiolate, 3-7.5 cm. long

including petioles (these glabrate or sparsely ciliate, connate at base,

0.4-1.5 cm. long), commonly pinnate; leaflets 3-5, filiform, glabrate

or sparsely setulose, up to 4 cm. long, lower lateral ones opposite,

the somewhat narrower rachis under 0.3 mm. wide. Capitula

singly disposed at ends of branches (these really the peduncles, very

slender and more often 4-9 cm. long), radiate, 7-9 mm. tall and when

expanded at anthesis 3-3.5 cm. wide. Involucre's exterior bracts

about 8, pallid, very narrowly oblong-linear and mutually distant,

commonly glabrate and eciliate, apically calloused and subobtuse,

commonly 4-5 mm. long; interior bracts ovate-oblong, slightly

shorter, on outer surface very minutely more or less setulose, dia-

phanous along the broad margins and more or less purple toward the

apex. Ligulate florets commonly 8, yellow or toward throat of corolla

orange, ±1.5 cm. long, the ligule very narrowly oblanceolate-linear

and at apex very minutely 2-denticulate or subentire. Paleae lanceo-

late, outer ones supernally purple and at puberulent apex acute,

inner ones elongate- twisted at yellow apex and finally up to 1.3 cm.

long. Achenes 20-35, dull-black, narrowly elongate-linear, flat or

convexo-concave, on each face about 8-sulculate and erectly setulose

602 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

or toward both ends glabrous, marginally erect-setose, body 0.8-1.3

cm. long and ±0.7 mm. wide, the straw-colored apex densely erect-

setose and biaristate; aristae straw-colored, delicate, subdivergent,

at apex retrorsely 1- or 2-barbed, elsewhere very glabrous, about

1 mm. long.

Specimens examined: B. D. Burtt 6,269, alt. 4,500-5,000 feet,

Lake Chila, Northern Rhodesia, April, 1936 (type, Field).

In the key presented in my monograph on Bidens (Field Mus.

Bot. Ser. 16: 62. 1937) B. filiformis would stand under the first letter

/ at the top of the page, with B. Schimperi. From that species it

differs: ±3 dm. not 5-15 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so; leaves

normally 1- not 2-3-pinnate, at most 7.5 not up to 15 cm. long, their

divisions filiform, not linear-lanceolate or broader; exterior involucral

bracts not dilated above; achenes ±0.7 not 2-2.6 mm. wide, their

aristae about 1 not 2.5-4 mm. long, etc.

From the northeastern Belgian Congo B. Onisciformis, which was

included parenthetically and somewhat interrogatively under the

same letter / in the key cited, B. filiformis differs in its more branched

and obviously annual habit, its elongate and not onisciform achenes,

etc. Unfortunately, the conspicuously radiate B. diver so, var. mega-

glossa was misplaced with the shortly radiate B. diver so, proper under

the second letter e on the page cited, though belonging in reality under

the first e. Under the first e, this var. megaglossa would likewise go

to the first/. B. filiformis, though habitally somewhat similar to B.

diversa var. megaglossa, differs at once in its proportionately narrower,

more elongate outer involucral bracts, these commonly eciliate and

4-5 mm. not ciliate and only 1-2 mm. long, in having a purplish

tinge near the tops of the inner involucral bracts and of the outer

paleae, etc.

Bidens modesta sp. nov.

Herba perennis, infra subfruticosa, erecta, ±5 dm. alta; caule

simplici subsimplicive, gracili (1.5-3 mm. crasso), subtetragono, sul-

culato, glabro. Folia opposita, subpauca vel subnumerosa, princi-

palia tenuiter petiolata petiolis glabris vel infra sparsissime ciliatis

plerumque 2-3.5 cm. longis angustissime marginatis basi connatis,

petiolo adjecto 6-11 cm. longa et 1.5-3 cm. lata; lamina subanguste

ovato-rhomboidea vel sublate lanceolato-rhomboidea, membranacea,

glabra (etiam eciliata) vel infra interdum perpaucis setis vestita,

infra medium plerumque cuneata integraque, supra medium minute

grosseve dentata 2-4 dentibus pro utroque latere, apice acuta vel

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 603

subacuminata, venis principalibus paucis et perspicue antrorsis.

Capitula perpauca (±2), graciliter pedunculata pedunculo glabro

usque ad 1.6 dm. longo, radiata, pansa ad anthesin circ. 4 cm. lata

et ±1.3 cm. alta. Involucri basaliter sparsissime vel moderate his-

piduli bracteae exteriores circ. 8, adpressae, oblongae, apice calloso

obtusae vel rotundatae, circ. 5-6 mm. longae, tergo glabrae vel por-

riginosae; interiores ovatae vel ovato-oblongae, tergo glabratae vel

minutissime puberulentae, apice pubescentes, 8-10 mm. longae.

Flores ligulati circ. 8, flavi, ±2 cm. longi, ligula lineari-oblongi, apice

subintegri, extus glabrati, intus velutino-puberulenti. Paleae lineari-

oblongi quam involucrum breviores. Flores tubulosi corolla extus

glaberrimi et 5.5-6 mm. longi. Achaenia matura non visa. Ovaria

plana, lineari-oblonga, atro-brunnea, faciebus glabrata, marginibus

erecto-setulosa setulis e tuberculo saepius ortis, corpore ±4 mm.

longa et sub 1 mm. lata, apice erecte setosa et biaristata; aristis

gracilibus, divergentibus, flavo-brunneis, circ. 2.5 mm. longis, intus

continenter extus sparsim vel interrupte retrorso-hamosis.

Perennial herb, suffruticose below, erect, ±5 dm. tall; stem simple

or subsimple, slender (1.5-3 mm. thick), subquadrangular, sulculate,

glabrous. Leaves opposite, somewhat few or somewhat numerous,

principal ones slenderly petiolate, 1.5-3 cm. wide and 6-11 cm. long

including petioles; these glabrous or toward base very sparsely

ciliate, commonly 2-3.5 cm. long, very narrowly marginate, connate

at base; blades subnarrowly ovate-rhomboid or subwidely lanceolate-

rhomboid, membranaceous, glabrous (even eciliate) or sometimes

clothed below with a very few setae, commonly cuneate and entire

below middle, minutely or coarsely dentate above middle with 2-4

teeth to each side, at apex acute or subacuminate, principal veins

few and conspicuously antrorse. Capitula very few (±2), slenderly

pedunculate, radiate, expanded at anthesis about 4 cm. wide and

±1.3 cm. tall; peduncle glabrous, up to 1.6 dm. long. Involucre at

base very sparsely or moderately hispidulous; exterior bracts about 8,

appressed, oblong, calloused and obtuse or rounded at apex, about

5-6 mm. long, dorsally glabrous or scurfy; interior bracts ovate or

ovate-oblong, dorsally glabrate or very minutely puberulent, apically

pubescent, 8-10 mm. long. Ligulate florets about 8, yellow, ±2 cm.

long; ligule linear-oblong, at apex subentire, externally glabrate,

internally velvety-puberulent. Paleae linear-oblong, shorter than

the involucre. Mature achenes not seen. Ovaries flat, linear-oblong,

blackish-brown, on faces glabrate, on margins erect-setulose with

setulae more often arising from a tubercle, as to body ±4 mm. long

604 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

and under 1 mm. wide, at apex erectly setose and biaristate; aristae

slender, divergent, yellowish-brown, about 2.5 mm. long, on inner

edge continuously on outer sparsely or interruptedly retrorse-barbed.

Specimens examined: John Gossweiler 11,899, a perennial much

dispersed in hiemifruticeta, alt. 1,700 meters, Huambo, New Lisbon,

Angola, 1937 (type, Kew: cotype, Field).

In the key presented in my monograph on Bidens (Field Mus.

Bot. Ser. 16: 63. 1937) B. modesta would stand withB. Moorei and its

var. verrucosa, under the second letter i at the bottom of the page.

From these it differs in its longer leaves, these petiolate not sessile;

its smaller capitula, hence smaller floral and fruiting parts, doubtless

shorter achenial aristae and more glabrous achenial faces, etc.

Bidens Gossweileri sp. nov.

Herba perennis, subfruticosa, erecta, omnino glaberrima, ±5 dm.

alta, supra ramosa ramis suberectis plus minusve tetragonis, caule

inferne nudo sed mediane confertissime folioso. Folia plerumque

opposita, petiolata petiolis angustis planis saepius 1-2 cm. longis

et 0.7-1.4 mm. latis, petiolo adjecto 5-12 cm. longis; lamina pinnata

vel vix subbipinnata; foliolis saepius 3-5, quam rhachi simili paulo

latioribus (angustissime linearibus et tantum 1-2.2 mm. latis), 1-6

cm. longis, eciliatis, apice acutis subacutisve, plerumque simplicibus,

lateralibus saepius oppositis, nervo mediano pro una facie obscuro

pro altera piano perspicuoque. Capitula pauca (±6 pro unica

planta), subgraciliter pedunculata pedunculo usque ad 1.6 dm.

longo, radiata, pansa ad anthesin ±2.5 cm. lata et ±1.1 cm. alta.

Involucri bracteae exteriores 7-12, lanceolatae vel lineari-oblongae,

1-3-seriales, adpressae, apice induratae et obtusae rotundaeve, 4-7

mm. longae; interiores lanceolato-oblongae, apice minutissime

pubescentes aliter glabrae, usque ad 9 mm. longae. Flores ligulati

circ. 8, flavi, ±1.2 cm. longi, ligula lineari-oblongi, apice subintegro

subacuti, facie superiore (interiore) densissime velutino-puberu-

lenti, alibi glabrati. Paleae oblongo-lineares, apice acutae, sub apice

saepe 1-denticulatae, 7-9 mm. longae. Achaenia submatura linearia

vel lineari-oblonga, brunneo-grisea vel atro-brunnea, plana, utraque

facie circ. 8-sulculata, faciebus marginibusque dense erecto-setosa

(vel imis faciebus glabratis), corpore 5-9.5 mm. longa et 0.5-1 mm.

lata, apice erecto-setosa et biaristata; aristis subrectis, moderate

divergentibus, de apice usque ad basim retrorsum hamosis, pler-

umque 2-2.5 mm. longis.

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 605

Perennial herb, suffruticose, erect, very glabrous throughout,

±5 dm. tall, branched above with suberect and more or less tetragonal

branches; stem nude toward base but very densely foliose at middle.

Leaves commonly opposite, petiolate, 5-12 cm. long including

petioles; these narrow, flat, more often 1-2 cm. long and 0.7-1.4 mm.

wide; blades pinnate or scarcely subbipinnate; leaflets more often

3-5, very narrowly linear and only 1-2.2 mm. wide, a little wider

than the similar rachis, 1-6 cm. long, eciliate, at apex acute or sub-

acute, commonly simple, lateral ones more often opposite, the median

nerve obscure for one surface but flat and conspicuous for the other.

Capitula few (±6 to a single plant), somewhat delicately pedunculate

with a peduncle up to 1.6 dm. long, radiate, expanded at anthesis

±2.5 cm. wide and ±1.1 cm. tall. Involucre's exterior bracts 7-12,

lanceolate or linear-oblong, 1-3-seriate, appressed, apically indurated

and obtuse or rounded, 4-7 mm. long; interior bracts lanceolate-

oblong, at apex very minutely pubescent, otherwise glabrous, up to

9 mm. long. Ligulate florets about 8, yellow, ±1.2 cm. long; ligule

linear-oblong, at apex subentire and subacute, on upper or inner face

very densely velvety-puberulent, elsewhere glabrate. Paleae oblong-

linear, at apex acute, below apex often 1-denticulate, 7-9 mm. long.

Achenes when submature linear-oblong, brownish-gray or blackish-

brown, flat, on each face about 8-sulculate, on faces and margins

densely erect-setose (or at bottom of faces glabrate), as to body 5-9.5

mm. long and 0.5-1 mm. wide, at apex erect-setose and biaristate;

aristae nearly straight, moderately divergent, from the apex almost

to the base retrorsely barbed, commonly 2-2.5 mm. long.

Specimens examined: JohnGossweiler 11,845, dispersed in hiemi-

fruticeta, alt. 1,000 meters, Xassengue-Caiango, near Cuango River,

Lunda region, Angola, April, 1937 (type, Kew).

In the key presented in my monograph on Bidens (Field Mus.

Bot. Ser. 16: 65. 1937), B. Gossweileri would go to the first letter o,

p. 65, and thus to B. Hoffmannii. From that species it differs in having

leaves 5-12 not 2-5 cm. long, eciliate and longer leaf-petioles, pro-

portionately narrower and longer leaf-divisions, 7-12 apically obtuse

or rounded rather than mostly 6 apically acute exterior involucral

bracts, doubtless narrower achenial bodies, aristae at least 2-2.5 not

1.5-1.75 mm. long, etc.

Bidens Bruceae Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 97: 606. 1936.

This species was named after Miss E. M. Bruce, but the trivial

name was unfortunately misspelled Brucei at the time of its original

publication.

606 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

Bidens coronata (L.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 20: 281. 1893;

cf. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 56: 495. 1913; B. coronata vars. typica Fern.,

brachyodonta Fern., and trichosperma (Michx.) Fern. Rhodora 40:

349, 350. 1938.

Fernald (op. cit. 348), relying upon an all too scanty assortment

of specimens, divides B. coronata into four varieties. His analytical

key to these varieties proves unusable when applied to much of the

material found in various herbaria. During my own monographic

work over a period of a quarter of a century upon Bidens, I myself

tried several times to arrange the specimens of B. coronata under

several varieties, but finally concluded that only the variety tenuiloba,

as apart from the species proper (var. typica Fern.) was worthy.

Even the var. tenuiloba appears to intergrade with B. coronata proper.

In general, however, the leaf-divisions of var. tenuiloba are narrower

and its achenes shorter.

Fernald's key to the varieties of B. coronata is based largely on

achenial characters. How he knows what these are for his var. typica

I cannot say. It is true that in 1915 I sent him a print from my large

photograph of the Linnean type. It likewise is true that, under date

of January 21, 1915, he wrote me: "There is no doubt I think, that

your photograph of B. coronata represents B. trichosperma or some-

thing like it. Furthermore I find that Dr. Gray had a fragment from

the Linnean herbarium (you will note in your photograph that some

heads are gone) and that shows perfectly characteristic fruit of B.

trichosperma, not of 'B. coronata' of recent authors." However, in

April of the same year, I publicly quoted from Fernald's letter (Bot.

Gaz. 59: 314). Whereupon, I received from Dr. B. Daydon Jackson,

General Secretary of the Linnean Society, a letter under date of

May 10, 1915, expressing surprise regarding the reputed Gray frag-

ment. To quote from his letter: "A few days ago I wrote to Dr.

Fernald, asking for the history of the Gray fragment mentioned. . . .

as I cannot understand how a fragment, even if loose, was removed

from the Linnean herbarium, a process which would be regarded by

our Council as sacrilegious, and will horrify them when announced.

I will wait however for Dr. Fernald's reply." Under date of May 21,

1915, Professor Fernald sent this awaited reply, a copy of which,

in Miss Mary A. Day's well known handwriting and sent me at that

time by Professor Fernald himself, lies before me. To quote from it

regarding the "fragment": "I find that, far from being 'certain

heads' as implied in Mr. Sherff' s note, it consists of three florets in a

packet labelled by Dr. Gray 'Ex Hb. Linn.' " And in a letter by Profes-

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 607

sor Fernald directly to me under date of June 2, 1915, he referred to

what he had originally called a "fragment" as mere "bits (three flo-

rets, not heads) of Coreopsis coronata."1 Granting that the three florets

whose presence at Gray Herbarium was acknowledged by Fernald

were indeed all of Gray's fragment, it seems safe to presume that

Gray obtained them, not as part of a mature head which at the time

was removed from the type, but from one of the five or six flowering

heads still possessed by it. These were comparatively young, only

one being at full anthesis. To designate mere ovaries of florets

thus derived as "perfectly characteristic fruit of B. trichosperma" as

Fernald did in his letter of January 21, would seem indeed gratuitous,

if not entirely misleading. In any case, it is difficult to understand

how they could afford a satisfactory basis on which to delimit, in terms

primarily of achenial (instead of foliar) characters, a var. typica.

Bidens heterodoxa var. atheistica Fern. Rhodora 34: 116.

1932; B. infirma Fern. op. cit. 40: 351, pi. 507, figs. 1-3. 1938.

Fernald, writing originally of this variety, stated: "Var. atheistica,

essentially without awns, has the foliage, involucres, and other

characters quite as in typical B. heterodoxa." He later elevated it to

specific rank, renaming it Bidens infirma in allusion doubtless to its

habit of growth. His type and other cited material, now before me,

seem nothing more than a variety of B. heterodoxa. They have a

sprawling or diffuse growth-habit and thus are related toB. heterodoxa

somewhat as B. hyperborea var. gaspensis Fern, is to B. hyperborea

Greene, or as B. cernua var. oligodonta Fern. & St. J. is to B. cernua

L. They have simple leaves and thus are related to B. heterodoxa

somewhat as B. connata var. petiolata (Nutt.) Farw. is to B. connata.

They have awnless or short-awned achenes and thus are related to

B. heterodoxa somewhat as B. aristosa var. mutica A. Gr. ex Gatting.

is to B. aristosa (Michx.) Britt. They have fewer florets in a capi-

tulum than has B. heterodoxa, but, from a study of numerous species

of Bidens in which forms or varieties are found with more diffuse

habit and more numerous capitula, this may well be construed as

being merely an expression or result of the growth-form. Fernald

makes much of the more or less convex or subconic achenial apex, but

this character is highly inconstant in various species of Bidens,

especially those of the Polynesian section Campylotheca (Cass.) Nutt.

(e.g., B. macrocarpa [Gray] Sherff; cf. Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 16: pi. 17,

1 Clearly, if there was any error regarding the existence at Gray Herbarium

of " 'certain heads' as implied in Mr. Sherff's note," I must regretfully attribute

the blame to Fernald's own letter of January 21.

608 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

figs, h and I), and seems all too weak a character on which to attempt

here a specific segregation.1

Coreopsis ochracea Lugardii var. nov.

Caules gracillimi, ±1 mm. crassi. Folia petiolo usque ad 1.5 cm.

longo adjecto sub 5 cm. longa; segmentis saepius 3, sub 2.5 mm. latis.

Capitula pansa ad anthesin sub 3.5 cm. lata. Involucri bracteae

exteriores lineari-oblongae, ±6 mm. longae. Achaenia ignota.

Ovaria exaristata sed apice marginibusque dense erecto-setosa.

Stems very slender, ±1 mm. thick. Leaves under 5 cm. long,

including the petiole (this up to 1.5 cm. long); segments more often

3, under 2.5 mm. wide. Capitula less than 3.5 cm. wide when ex-

panded at an thesis. Outer involucral bracts linear-oblong, ±6 mm.

long. Achenes unknown. Ovaries exaristate but at apex and

margins densely erect-setose.

Specimens examined: Major E. J. Lugard K4, growing erect and

up to 2 feet tall, alt. 6,400 feet, Kapenguria, Kenya Colony, January

11, 1931 (type, Kew).

Coreopsis grand iflora Hogg ex Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2: pi. 175.

1826.

Fernald (Rhodora 40: 475. 1938) writes: "Although Sherff, I.e.

353, gives the mystifying range Missouri and Kansas southward to

Florida, etc., he cites material from Georgia."

For those who quite naturally might be mystified by Fernald's

incomplete and hence misleading quotation from what really was

given in my original text, recourse should be had to the text itself

(Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 16: 353. 1936): "Distribution: Missouri and

Kansas southward to Florida, Louisiana, and New Mexico." This

statement of geographic range would seem to lack those elements

which ordinarily conduce to sincere mystification. I am in turn,

1 It is indeed unfortunate that the species B. heterodoxa was ever based upon

the enigmatic material which was taken for its type. One cannot help feeling that

the specimens later discovered and used to typify, for example, B. heterodoxa var.

Monardaefolia Fern, would have given a more definite and understandable basis

if they could have been used for the type basis of the species proper (leaving the

form actually named B. heterodoxa to be given a varietal rank instead) . However, B.

heterodoxa and its varieties are found mostly in brackish situations of northeastern

North America, and so also are the closely allied B. hyperborea Greene and its

varieties. It is entirely logical, therefore, to interpret the intra-relationships of B.

heterodoxa in the light of those found in B. hyperborea. This is undoubtedly what

Fernald did when he originally construed his B. infirma as B. heterodoxa var.

atheistica, since he possessed some years ago, either singly or in conjunction with

his students Harold St. John, N. C. Fassett, and H. K. Svenson, an unrivaled

field-knowledge of B. hyperborea. His earlier judgment, reached at more nearly

the zenith of his field activity in the study of B. heterodoxa and B. hyperborea (in-

clusive of their varieties), is the judgment that seems to me the safer one to accept.

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 609

however, much mystified (1) by Fernald's omission of the words

"Louisiana, and New Mexico" given in my original text and (2)

by his surprise that Georgia material should be cited from the range

as it was actually described.

Coreopsis Linifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 75. 1834; C.

Oniscicarpa Fern. Rhodora 40: 472, pi. 533. 1938.

In preparing the treatment of Coreopsis Linifolia Nutt. for my

monograph on Coreopsis (Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 11: 435. 1936) it was

found that I had previously included several specimens of C. longi-

folia Small, because of improperly interpreting the two species. I

therefore retained, for "specimens examined" of C. Linifolia, only a

few that could be re-examined before going to press (and so stated

on p. 436). Thus it happened that my carefully drawn description

of geographic range of C. Linifolia, as starting in the north with North

Carolina (the farthest north then known to me), was not supported

by citation of any eastern-coastal specimens from farther north than

Florida. Fernald (loc. cit.) seems to have been moved all too much

by this fact in segregating as a new species, C. Oniscicarpa, some

specimens recently collected in Virginia. Since the publication of

his C. Oniscicarpa, I have been permitted through the kindness

of various botanists to examine much additional material. Some of

the specimens lent me by Mr. Charles A. Weatherby, Senior Curator

of Gray Herbarium, and by Mr. Robert K. Godfrey, a graduate

student at Harvard University, had come from Virginia and were the

ones cited by Fernald for his C. Oniscicarpa, one of them being the

type of that species. A careful comparison of each specimen with

Floridan and other southern specimens of C. Linifolia Nutt. showed

no constant differences in foliar or capitular characters to warrant

separating C. Oniscicarpa even varietally from C. Linifolia.

Coreopsis lanceolata L. Sp. PI. 908. 1753; Coreopsis heterogyna

Fern. Rhodora 40: 475, pi. 535, figs. 1-9. 1938.

Coreopsis lanceolata L. offends notoriously the lover of constancy

in growth form. Here and there throughout its geographic range it

frequently produces variants that strongly suggest allied species or

reciprocal variants of allied species (such as C. grandiflora Hogg, C.

pubescens Ell., C. auriculata L., and C. intermedia Sherff). One such

variant is the form recently described by Fernald as C. heterogyna.

In proposing this form as a new species, Fernald appears to have

been misled by placing too much stress upon a necessarily arbitrary

and narrow description (in this case, of C. lanceolata, from which he

610 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

sought to differentiate it) found in literature, rather than upon a

study of sufficiently numerous and thus sufficiently representative

exsiccatae. In my monograph on Coreopsis (Field Mus. Bot. Ser.

11: 341. 1936), a work much cited by Fernald, I included numerous

forms of wide geographic distribution and more or less matching C.

heterogyna in foliage, among them: Lansing 935, Clarke, Indiana;

Lighthipe, Monticello, Florida; Rolfs 309, Florida; Schuette, Door,

Wisconsin; Whitford 203, Cold Spring Harbor, New York (all in

Herb. Field Mus.). Fernald emphasizes the large central achenes

of C. heterogyna, these having bodies 3.5-4 mm. long and 2-2.5 mm.

wide and brown wings 1-1.5 mm. wide. The Lansing specimen has

many central achenes with a body about 3 mm. long and 1.4-2 mm.

wide and brown wings 0.7-1 mm. wide. The Rolfs specimen has

several central achenes with a body 3.1 mm. long and 2-2.2 mm.

wide and brown wings about 0.3-0.4 mm. wide (in measuring body

length I have uniformly measured merely the distance in a straight

line from one end of the curved body to the other; if the curved body

were softened and flattened out it would of course measure more).

I have before me other specimens with central achenial measure-

ments slightly half as great. With such a range of achenial variation

as C. lanceolata thus displays, it appears futile to attempt the main-

tenance of Fernald's C. heterogyna even as a variety or forma (i.e.,

of C. lanceolata).1

Coreopsis grandiflora var. Harveyana (A. Gray) Sherff, Bot.

Gaz. 94: 593. 1933; Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 11: 355. 1936.

Heretofore I have seen no specimens of this variety from east

of Missouri and Arkansas. Among some Alabama plants recently

sent me by Dr. H. K. Svenson of the Brooklyn Botanical Garden,

was one that very definitely belongs here, although it is seen, on

comparison with numerous Missouri and Arkansas specimens, to be

1 Fernald's other distinctions drawn for C. heterogyna likewise disappear upon

examination of abundant material. Thus, for example, he illustrates (fig. 2, loc.

cit.) the involucre of C. heterogyna with its reflexed outer bracts. He contrasts C.

lanceolata as having the outer bracts (fig. 12, loc. cit.) "remaining appressed-ascend-

ing." It is difficult to understand how he would advance a "distinction" so utterly

untenable. Much (though by no means all or even one-half) of the C. lanceolata

fruiting material found in herbaria has all or most of the outer bracts definitely

spreading or reflexed and involucres large, as in Fernald's illustration (fig. 2) of that

for C. heterogyna. I have before me the following such specimens belonging to the

Field Museum of Natural History: J. J. Davis, Sheboygan, Wisconsin, July 16,

1929; *\ C. Gates 13,128, Emmet County, Michigan, July 29, 1921; R. K.Godfrey,

near Raleigh, North Carolina, May 22, 1937; J. H. Schuette, north of Sturgeon

Bay Canal, Wisconsin, July 14, 1890; H. N. Whitford 64, Cold Spring Harbor,

New York, August, 1903. In addition to these specimens may be cited two addi-

tional ones possessing such characters but belonging rather with C. lanceolata var.

villosa Michx.: Dr. Josiah Hale, Louisiana; EarlE. Sherff 5,013, cult., Cambridge,

LABIATAE AND COMPOSITAE 611

slightly atypic. It was collected by R. N. Harper and H. K. Svenson,

on exposed granite, Flat Rock (north of Ashland), August 3, 1938.

A specimen is in Field Museum.

Coreopsis pubescens var. robusta A. Gray ex Eames, Rhodora

18: 239. 1916; Sherff, Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 11: 351. 1936.

Previously examined specimens showed for this variety a range

of Virginia and North Carolina. This range is now extended to

include Alabama, where it has been collected by R. N. Harper and

H. K. Svenson, on dry ravine slopes, Brush Creek, east of Tuscaloosa,

August 2, 1938. A specimen (now in Field Museum) was among

those very kindly sent me by Dr. Svenson.

Dubautia laxa Skottsbergii var. nov.

Folia tenuiora, anguste ovata vel saepius late oblanceolata,

utrinque adpresso-hispida, 4-7 cm. longa et 1-1.8 cm. lata. Inflo-

rescentia ignota.

Leaves thinner, narrowly ovate or more often widely oblanceolate,

on both surfaces appressed-hispid, 4-7 cm. long and 1-1.8 cm. wide.

Inflorescence unknown.

Specimens examined: Lucy M. Cranwell, Olof H. Selling, & Carl

Skottsberg 2976, between Lehuamakanoi and the main bog, Alakai,

northwestern Kauai, August 16, 1938 (type, Goth.).

Dubautia laxa Hook. & Arn. is represented in the northwestern

part of the Island of Kauai only by its variety pedicellata Rock.

From this variety, as indeed from all other known varieties of

D. laxa, the material here described differs at once in its much smaller

or proportionately narrower and its somewhat thinner leaves. The

two specimens constituting the type both lack flowers and fruits,

which are much to be desired.

Massachusetts, August 12, 1929. It thus becomes evident that, even if Fernald

were to attempt maintenance of his heterogyna form as a variety of C. lanceolate,

he would at once be under compulsion to disentangle his reported involucral

characters for heterogyna from the pubescence character commonly associated

with var. villosa, failing which, he might conceivably have to accept the earlier

varietal name villosa Michx. (my own notes taken in Paris are silent as to the exact

characters of the type of var. villosa Michx.).

At all events, it seems regrettable that in proposing Coreopsis heterogyna and

numerous other so-called "species" and "varieties" as new, Fernald has proceeded

all too often from the standpoint of local floristics, ignoring the fruits of extended

monographic research. As every competent monographer can testify, one of the

chief causes contributing in the past to the cluttering of our nomenclature with

synonyms has been the provincialized and untenable concepts proposed either by

students of local floristics or by students who, while emphasizing the importance

of monographic research in their own favorite groups, chose to minimize it else-

where.

612 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XVII

The variety is named for Dr. Skottsberg, one of its collectors, in

grateful appreciation of his invaluable assistance, over a period of

years, upon Dubautia and various other Polynesian genera.

1HE LIBRARY OF THE

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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS