LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

eres

BLANFORD, W. T.;—Note on the genus Gymnops, W. Blanf., (La-

COPOD ee cvsice Seaene Oana ce Ve aeimewite Scuserecepetses

Brooks, W. E. ;—On an undescribed species of Lophophanes,..... P

— ;—On Aguila bifasciata and Aquila orientalis,...++

———— ;—Notes on the Certhiine of India, ..... Sseeenn

Doxrson, G. E.;—On the Péeropide of India and its islands, with

descriptions of new or little-known species (with Pl. XIV),....

;—Description of a new species of Vespertilio from

the North-Western Himalaya,.....e:eceeeee NORE P AS ne Sor

Kurz, 8. ;—New Burmese Plants, Part II, (with Pls. VITI, IX, X),

—— ;—New Burmese Plants, Part III, (with Pls. XVIII,

REN oa: oif'ee Spwwigia ¥:% Re ote eal aioe o etdietacehaltiace's, ¢.2/5in.d sia wate

ScuweEnpier, L. ;—On differential Galvanometers, ...... Rp ae ane 3

Svoriczka, F.;—On the Landshells of Penang Island with descrip-

tions of the animals and anatomical notes; part second, Helica-

SO (Ted eR 00) a 7 IE a ra os abe siaveaers

3;—Notes on some species of Malayan Amphibia and

Rtepoioe (wih Pin TS. . stan s 0's» oes sr ehatapaie’ «ne ee SW oath

;—Notes on the Indian species of Thelyphonus ‘Grith

RSE | iteta sca s! eraleale 6 es nao « 6 sre a ajeSie ® ¢agwinies sn ye e'e awe :

— — ;—Contribution towards a Monograph of the Indian

Passalid@, ...+. etelaidtsme 0° Saige dione eit cece erarets Pole a skacabatl ge i-< acd °

;—Note on some Andamanese and Nicobarese epics

with the description of three new species of Lizards,..........

;—Description of two new species of Indian Land-

PINCIESGME aval aMicintite cig 7 stale © ckalvieix a alas 08's a'a "og ea w'e le brale's @ = meal .

THEOBALD, W. Periph of new species of Unionide (with Pl.

POE Ei eroharce aad occ caes os sais t's 6 0: 6.6.0 90's piraleiet altinie? ta cr eeee

Watpre, D. ;—On the Suadldy water of the Hugli ares the rainy

season with reference to its purification and to the Calcutta

Water supply, ..... EE A EB OSC ET Ae cece

Woop-Mason, J. ;--On Nephropsis Stewarti, a new genus and species

Of Macrurous crustaceans (with PI. IV), 2... .cccccescases .

;—On new or little known species of Phasmide,

Part 1, genus Hocilins, (with Pls. V, VI, VII), ...sc0seseas

——_ ———— ;—On Bhopalorhynchus Kroyeri, anew genus and

species of Pyanogonida, (with Pl. XIII), ....... ooo atee ein ete °

oo ;—On a new genus and species (Hyleocarcinus

Humet) of Landcrabs from the Nicobar Islands (with Pls. XV,

XVI.), sere oF 8 80:6 0°80 sree ee er ewe oe ees GQeaecccee eeeceeeervervese

OOOO LINQ EEE eee eee eee

M4 rf * |

c :

i es hk

227

No.

Date of issue of the different numbers of Part £1, Journal.

I,—containing pp. 1—57, with pls. i—vii—was issued on 30th April,

1873.

. 11,—containing pp. 59—147, with pls. viii—xii—was issued on 28th

May, 1873.

. 111,—containing pp. 149—206, with pls. xiii—xiv—was issued on 8th

September, 1873.

. 1V,—containing pp. 207—269, with pls. xv—xix—was issued on May

26th, 1874.

JOURNAL

_ASIATIC _SOCIETY.

No. 1—1873.

: : Os Dirrezestmi GalvsysoweT=Es.—

by Lours ScawExDiEE . ;

= (Continued from page 152. Vol. XLI, Part EH, 1872.*) 4

a RR F

; _ What general condition mast be fulfilled in the contraction of ong ’

_ galvenoncter tm order te make ¢ simuliemeous maximEm port ;

| ¢ with respect to om alieration of external resistance in cither of the |

7: Beier tiie question, will be y to remember, that the

_ condition of 2 simultamcows maximum semsitjrencss at or near belamee was

- expressed by 3 equations, mamely.—

ee ee te tse _ Feet Pex

ot. P@— 9 : 2/9/93 —P (gt)

—F) @t—tfiete'ty—9) _ 2G'+2'th) ur’

co? » Bent Zee ee a

P oY IE P

gt =EF 7 +) =—0 __...__..-....... I

SE OE eS the two

; at which balance actually arrives, f the total resistamce m the

RES ce ceckale satuherotpemning what was termed the

2 Louis Schwendler—On Differential Galvanometers. [No. 1,

“mechanical arrangement” of the differential galvanometer under consider-

ation. )

By these three equations, which are independent of each other, g, 9’

and p can be expressed in terms of w, w’ and f-

By sai I we have at or very near balance :

= . : = ae which value substituted in equations II and II’

gives :

(w—9) Wo! 90 OPK A 2@ hes

(g/ + w’) (g—w) 9 A oe eg)

and

wi 9) Cig) hes te) BP TE eae Il’

(g +) (g’—w')g 9 AF et aes

and from these two equations g and g’ may be developed.

This is best done by subtracting equation II from equation II’ when

after reduction we get :—

(w/g — wg’) (wig + wg! + 99g! + wo’) =—fgtg' + w+ w') (wg—wg')

III

Now it must be remembered, that with respect to our physical problem,

f, w, wv’, g and g’ represent nothing else, but electrical resistances, and that

they have, therefore, to be taken in any formula as quantities of the same

sign (say positive).

Consequently the above equation III would contain a mathematical

impossibility (a positive quantity equal to a negative quantity), whenever

the common factor w’g—wg’ is different from zero.

In other words equation III can only be fulfilled if we always have :

Ma ab pelea MD 1), 15S eens » cies id's Gn ha ee Oe ode. See ame ee IV

This simple relation between the resistances at which balance arrives

and the resistances of the two differential coils, expresses not only the

necessary and sufficient condition under which a simultaneous maximum

sensitiveness can exist, but it also affords an easy means of getting at once

those special values of g, 9’ and p, which only solve the physical problem.

Substituting the value of either g or g’, as given by equation IV in

equations IT and IT’ and developing g and i we have:

ty=—3 (wt fE wee eg Jr eS +— ete Sat

SE :

y= 4 (wt f WFO) ba Sore wt wy se eter eae pe

the negative signs of the square roots having been omitted since they would

* See note at end.

1873.] Louis Schwendler—On Differential Galvanometers. 3

obviously make g and g’ negative, values which cannot solve the physical

question.—

oes if we introduce the ratio

£—* = —, given by equation IV, into equation I, and develope p we get:

Do errr reenter eee eeneee: Scharrer Nee reer c

This latter expression shows the very simple relation which must exist

between the mechanical arrangement of any differential galvanometer and

the two resistances at which balance is arrived at, in order to make a simul-

taneous maximum sensitiveness possible.

Thus if the ratio of the two resistances at which balance arrives is

fixed, the mechanical arrangement p cannot be chosen arbitrarily, but must

be identical with this ratio. This is in fact the answer to the question put

at the beginning of this paper.

However, the meaning of this result will be made even still clearer if

we revert to equation I, by which we have

VE Se CL Ng E:

ie ie ahs

expressing the ratio between the total resistances in the two differential

branches, when balance is established, and which ratio is generally known

under the name Constant of the Differentiai Galvanometer.

/ /

Substituting in the above expression I the value of iF a — from equa-

tion IV we get at once

ee PO, AES ae oct k ae BOY, Sdn 3 Pagheetacen deeds d.

and as a second answer to the question put at the beginning of this paper

we have therefore :

A simultaneous maximum sensitiveness with respect to an alteration of

external resistance in either branch of any differential galvanometer can be

obtained only, if the constant of the differential galvanometer is equal to the

ratio of the two resistances at which balance arrives, and this clearly necessi-

tates that the resistances of the respective coils to which w and w’ belong

should stand in the same ratio.

The general problem may now be considered as solved by the following

four general expressions :

= —a(w sy aaa ed ae Wwole - 2 (w+ ofp Zeer pr

2w/

2 >

eer reer ier ierrr rrreiny mame phi kha. Sete rr yh Dg yet aye > ce

p w

OY Se aed vnc wing a date Nig a a ale 2 Pa olotc tadine petd aa at tke oe d

Additional remarks.

In the foregoing it has not been shewn that the values g and g’, ex-

pressed by equations a and 6, must necessarily correspond to a maximum

sensitiveness of the differential galvanometer, because it was clear @ priori,

that the function by which the deflection is expressed is of such a nature

that no minimum with respect to g and g’ is possible. However, to complete

the solution mathematically, the following isa very short proof that the

values of g and g’ really do correspond to a maximum sensitiveness of the

differential galvanometer under consideration.

Reverting to one of the expressions for the deflection a° which any

differential galvanometer gives before balance is arrived at, we had:

2° o K a A and as the increase of deflection at or near balance is

identical with the deflection itself, and further as the law which bimds the

resistance of the differential coils to the other resistances in the circuit, in

order to have a maximum sensitiveness, is of practical interest only when

the needle is at, or very nearly at, balance, we can solve the question at once

by making a° a maximum with respect tog and g’, if we only suppose A

constant and small enough, and as K is known to be independent of g and 9’,

—

the deflection a° will be a maximum if v9 is a maximum for any con-

stant A (zero included).

Further we know that g’ = Cg which value for g’ in N substituted will

make the latter a function of g only and consequently “A also. We have

therefore to deal with a single maximum or minimum, and according to well-

known rules we have :

Jae

dg 2/9 N? ¥

and

dU dV

da 2 ay e dg

1873. ] Louis Schwendler—On Differential Galvanometers. 5

but

z = 0 it followsthat U=0O

da 1daU

dp V dg

Now

dU aN . @N aN iN le pa

oe = — (= +29 ae but ae as well as ay being invariably

positive, it follows that 7 is invariably negative, and as further V is always

positive it follows finally that 7 is always negative, or the value of g ob-

tained by equation s = 0 corresponds to a maximum sensitiveness of the

ned by equa-

ie differentiak

California Academy of Sciences

the problem.

slosely to the

‘ ta ‘a : es o

Presented by fe et hosiety of 1unts cannot

engal. is long as the

Peni he 7 ben reo Ps Sees

action on the

xr that in the

in the above

equations are muy wuUse wu wire vasa. wevunsey werercny ~~ hose at which

balance would arrive if no shunts were used, 7. e., the resistance at which

balance is established when using shunts must be multiplied by the multi-

plying power of their respective shunts, before they are to be substituted

in the equations a, b, ¢ and d.

Mechanical arrangement designed by p.—The condition which must

be fulfilled in the construction of any differential galvanometer to make a

simultaneous maximum sensitiveness possible was expressed by

. m n

while p == 3

and it will be now instructive to enquire what special

physical meaning equation ¢ has.

6 Louis Schwendler—On Differential Galvanometers. [No. 1, ©

By m was understood the magnetic effect of an average convolution

(z. e. one of average size and mean distance from the magnet acted upon,

when the latter is parallel with the plane of the convolutions) in the

differential coil of resistance g, when a current of unit strength passes

through it. Similarly m’ was the magnetic effect of an average convolution

in the other differential coil of resistance g’.

Further 2 and ’ were quantities expressed by

Bag

and U =n Jf7

U and U’ being the number of convolutions in the two coils g and g’ respec-

tively.

Now we will call A half the cross section of the coil g (cut through

the coil normal to the direction of the convolutions) and which section, as

the wire is to be supposed uniformly coiled, must be uniform throughout.

Thus we have generally

gts)”

wherever the normal cut through the coil is taken.

¢ is a constant indicating the manner of coiling, either by dividing the

cross-section A into squares, hexagons or in any other way, but always sup-

posing that however the coiling of the wire may have been done, it has been

done uniformly throughout the coil. (This supposition is quite sufficiently

nearly fulfilled in practice because the coiling should always be executed

with the greatest possible care, and further the wire can be supposed practi-

cally of equal thickness throughout the coil).

qg is the metallic section of the wire, and 6 the non-metallic section due

to the necessary insulating covering of the wire.

Further we have

oi ~ where 0 is the length of an average convolution and A the

absolute conductivity of the wire material supposed to be a constant for the

coil.

Now, for brevity’s sake, we will suppose that 6, the cross-section of the

insulating covering, can be neglected against g the metallic cross-section of

the wire.

Consequently we have

EoD U (approximately)

and ie

Ose

1873. ] Louis Schwendler—On Differential Galvanometers. 7

or a AN

similarly »’ = of te

b’e

nv A’N’ be

But using wire of the same conductivity in both the differential coils,

which should be as high as is possible to procure it, and further supposing

the manner of coiling to be identical in both coils, we have

A= 2X?

= e/

eset Le b

a ee Be

Further we know that if the shape and dimensions of each coil are

given, and in addition also their distance from the magnet acted upon, it

will be always possible to calculate m and m’, though it may often present

mathematical difficulties, especially if the forms of the two coils differ from

each other and are also not circular. This latter condition is generally

necessitated in order to obtain the greatest absolute magnetic action of each

coil in as small a space as possible.

However it is clear that we may assume generally that the two coils

have each an average convolution of identical shape and of the same length,

placed at an equal distance from the magnet acted upon, and that therefore

the magnetic action of each coil is dependent on the number of convolutions

only.

In this case we have evidently

m= m'

b=!

n! ‘A’

mn! =m!

andas p==— + —

n mM

we have finally

Bia!

A = aan See teen ene e coer one ee sere e eee see eee ser ser eee see eee sessesvoeses ee

Equation e shows at once that under the supposed conditions, 7. e.,

when the average convolutions in each coil are of equal size and shape,

the wire used in either coil is of the same absolute conductivity, and that

the thickness of the insulating material can be neglected against the diame-

ter of the wire:

8 Louis Schwendler—On Differential Glalvanometers. [No. 1,

The wire used for filling each coil must be invariably of the same

diameter, otherwise a maxvmum sensitiveness is impossible.

How the above simple law expressed by equation e would be altered,

when the given suppositions were not fulfilled, must be found by further cal-

culation, but as the latter is intricate and a more general result is not

required in practice, I shall dispense at present with this labour.

Special Differential Galvanometers.—Here shall be given the special

expressions to which the general equations a, b, ¢ and d, are reduced when

certain conditions are presupposed.

lst case—When w and w’, the two resistances at which balance is

arrived at are so large that f, the-resistance of the testing battery can be

neglected against either of them without perceptible error. Substituting

therefore f = 0 in equations a, and 0, we get:

g = 3 COC CO Cee EO TEOO SEH ETE TERETE TES EEE HEE HEHE EE EEE SEED Per eevee rceres a

/ Ww :

a 3 eee e cere ence eset eee eee eee Oh eee ees nee ree senor seen eeeeersesees b

and the other two remain as they are namely

5 Ae

er gE ATM AM His | i ain < safep tle bieiek eee eect pees EEE c

w /

eh oi ic 3 oe IR oc din'g cabin atcha GPs Sabet cesdache Ck eee d.

2nd case-—When the battery resistance f cannot be neglected against

either w or w’, but when the two resistances at which balance is arrived

at are invariably equal.

Thus substituting in the general equation

Ww ==

we get

Ca Bn ep lea ee Sree So Ae oe eee a, b.

p= 1 coe ccc ccc ete cette cee cee cee ces reesccese cesses cee rences ses seeres Cc

OR PRO rr cs 3 A SO d.

3rd Case—When the conditions given under 1 and 2 are both fulfilled

or w= wi =w

and f=0

then we have

I= — ae cece cere n cence cee eee see cessne sss senees ces soseeesee serene a, b.

p? =e Li ceilidh sciiagaish th) ob Aina sacenipeee gee eRnnnP > Sie ep c

Oe Mme eH ee Meas sce ri yee cs d

The very same result which was Gbtained by direct reasoning at the

beginning of this paper.

1873. | Louis Schwendler—On Differential Galvanometers. 9

Applications—Though the problem in its generality has now been

entirely solved, it will not perhaps be considered irrelevant to add here some

applications.

For our purpose differential galvanometers may be conveniently divided

into two classes, viz., those in which the resistances to be measured vary

within narrow limits, and those where these limits are extremely wide.

To the first class belong the differential galvanometers which are used

for indicating temperature by the variation of the resistance of a metallic

wire, exposed to the temperature to be measured. As for instance, C. W.

Siemen’s Resistance Thermometer for measuring comparatively low tempera-

tures, or his Electric Pyrometer for measuring the high temperature in

furnaces.

It is clear that for such instruments the law of maximum sensitive-

ness should best be fulfilled for the average resistance to be measured, which

average resistance under given circumstances is always known.

To the second class belong those differential galvanometers which are

used for testing Telegraph lines, at present the most important application

of these instruments. In this case each differential coil should consist of

separate coils connected with a commutator in such a manner that it is

convenient to alter the resistance of each coil according to circumstances,

i. €., connecting all the separate coils in each differential coil parallel, when

the resistances to be measured are comparatively low, and all the separate

coils consecutively, if the resistances to be measured are high, &e., &c., ful-

filling in each case the law of maximum sensitiveness for certain resistances,

which are to be determined under different circumstances differently, but

always bearing in mind that it is more desirable to fulfil the law of maxi-

mum sensitiveness for high resistances, when the testing current in itself is

obviously weak, than for the low resistances.

An example will shew this clearer, Say for instance a differential

galvanometer has to be constructed for measuring resistances between 1 and

10,000. A Siemen’s comparison box of the usual kind (own aus) being at

disposal, it will be convenient and practical to decide that the two differen-

tial coils should be of equal magnetic momentum, from which it follows that

C as well as p must be unity, or in other words that the two coils must be

of equal size, shape and distance from the needle, and must also have equal

resistances, 7. e., must be filled with copper wire of the same diameter. ‘The

resistance of each coil is then found by

fee [swt sfu + f°

3 N

where f is the resistance of the battery and w a certain value between

10 Louis Schwendler—On Differential Galvanometers. [No. 1,

1 and 10,000, the two limits of measurement. The question now remaims

to determine w.

It is clear that the law of maximum sensitiveness has not to be fulfilled

for either limit, because they represent only one of the 10,000 different

resistances which have to be measured, but it is also clear that to fulfil the

law for the average of the two given limits would be equally wrong, inasmuch

as the maximum sensitiveness is far more required towards the highest than

the lowest limit. We may assume, therefore, that it is desirable to fulfil the

law for the average of the average and the highest limit, which gives

| w = 7500

against which the resistance of the battery may always be neglected.

Consequently we have

I= == 2500

oo| S

for each coil. ,

Now if the coil be small, and consequently the wire to be used for filling

it is thin, the value g = 2500 wants a correction to make allowance for the

thickness of the insulating material, by which g becomes somewhat smaller.*

: Before concluding I may remark that the question of the best resistance

of the coil, when the resistance to be measured varies between two fixed or

variable limits, can be solved mathematically by the application of the

Variation Calculus.

* These expressions for g and g’ must be corrected, if the thickness of the

insulating covering of the wire cannot be neglected against its diameter. The

formula by which this correction can be made was given by me in the Philosophical

Magazine, January, 1866, namely |

corrected gy == cg € —4 fg m? )

where g == the resistance to be corrected and expressed in Siemen’s Units,

CTA

hone (ne

and m == 5 Vz

= radial thickness of the insulating covering expressed in millimetres,

c == a co-efficient expressing the arrangement adopted for filling the available

space uniformly with wire. Namely, if we suppose that the cross section of the coil,

by filling it up with wire, is divided into squares we have c= 4, if in hexagons

c == 3.4. &e., Ke.

A = absolute conductivity of the wire material (Hy = 1 at freezing point).

A = half the section of the coil in question when cut normal to the direction of

the convoiutions, and always expressed in square millimetres,

== length of an average convolution in the coil, and expressed in metres.

nll.

gainer

tk aN eR: “5

L7.b. ‘ 17.¢c.

Figs 1-3. Rhysota cymatium. Fig.t. Helicarion permove.

. 4-7 Rotalw byuga. « (2, Vitrinw nucleato.

. 8. Sttale carwmiera, . 13. Trochom, Cantoriamn,

. 9. Macrochlamys stephoides . « 14 lb i" Castra-

» 10 Mucrocystis palmicola . PIS heaP in Timor ensvs .

Tor further explomnation seep: 3%:

7S:

=. OLLC ZKA Penang shells.Journ: Asiat:Soc: Benga]. Vol: XLII Pt:1L1873.

ho... hoe

( |

\ ¥

_—

$5,

\ : } -

bane Se 2. :

ee 40

Cc. - ;

m3) Frattetcola aerkiaeia. p: 26. 13-18. Rhysota cymatinun , Pp. i

4-6, Vitrinw nacleats, p. 23 J618@ Rotula bugs, p. 14.

7-9. T' rochomorphw castra, p. 21 19-20. Macrochl, stephoides, p.17

10-12 , Timorensis, p. 22. 21-23. Helicarton permeolie, p. 18.

Por further explanation see p.37

STOLICZKA. Penang shells. J sued -Asiat:Soc: Bengal, Vol: XLII, Pt: LL, 1873.

etyina

Si Se

H .

ress

~ re

Fug: 1. 18.20. Trachia Penangensis, p. 24. 4-6, 15-17. Clausilia Penangensis, p.27.

» %.Pupa@ orcella, p.33. 7-8. Clausilia filicostate, p. 28.

ae pumira, p.32. 9-14. Philomycus pictus, p.30.

For further explanation See p. 38.

1873.] Paste 11

ON THE LAND-SHELLS OF PENANG ISLAND, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE

ANIMALS AND ANATOMICAL NOTES ; part second,* HELICACEA,—

by Dr. F. SroriczKa.

[Read and received 7th August, 1872.]

(With plates I to ITT.)

In this group of pulmoniferous land-shells I shall notice twenty

three species, belonging to the Zonitide, Helicide, Bulimide, Clausiliide, Phi-

lomycide, Pupide, Streptaxide, Veroncellide and Vaginulide. The majori-

ty of the species are new, except a few previously described from the neigh-

pouring country, and on one or two of such commonly distributed species,

as are Stenogyra gracilis or Ennea bicolor.

Nearly all the species had been collected with the animals living, and I

have spared no pains in order to make the detailed anatomical account as

complete, as it appears desirable for a correct generic determination.

I scarcely need to mention, that on the whole the fauna is characteristi-

cally Malayan, the same fauna which extends from the Philippine islands

through Burma and Arakan into the warm valleys of Sikkim. In the plains

of Bengal it mixes with the Indian fauna proper.

I cannot help repeating the urgent request to my conchological friends

in India, that they may favour me with live specimens of the species of shells

occurring in their neighbourhood. In the Helicacea especially, the anatomical

characters are indispensable for a correct generic determination, and without

this it will not be possible to obtain a natural arrangement of our terres-

trial Mollusca.

Fam. Zonitide.

Ruysotat cymatium, (Benson). Pl. i, figs. 1-3 and pl. ui, figs. 18-15.

Helia Cymatium, Benson, apud Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch. I, p. 58, pl. xvii, figs. 1-2,

Penang specimens, which slightly differ in the height of the spire, (see

figs. 1-3, pl. i,) agree in almost every point of structure with the type shell,

described by Pfeiffer from Lancavi, a small island situated a few miles north

of Penang. The increase of the volutions is in both exactly the same, the

upper side of the whorls is marked with fine oblique rugosities, the lower is

spirally striated ; in fresh specimens the former is silky brown, the lower

olivaceous brown, the inside of the aperture is in full grown specimens cover-

* Continued from J. A. S. B., for 1872. Vol. XLI, pt. ii, p. 271.

+ Albers, Heliceen, edit, HE. v. Martens, p. 54.

12 F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. [No. 1,

ed with a kind of a nacreous callose layer. The only noticeable difference

consists in the narrowness of the umbilicus, its width being in all the Penang

specimens, which I obtained, about one twelfth of the diameter of the shell,

while in Benson’s type it is only one seventh of the same diameter.

The species is found all over Penang hill from elevations of about 300

to 2500 feet, and both on the ground as well as on trees, but chiefly on the

latter ; it is, however, not common, and adult shells are imdeed extreme

rarities.

The closely allied Rh. densa, (Adams),* only differs by a slightly small-

er number of whorls, the last being much wider. Rh. Chevalieri, (Souleyet),

differs in the same character, though it has the umbilicus of exactly the same

size as the Penang variety of eymatium.

The animal is stout and rather short, its total isis as being less than.

twice the diameter of the shell; the posterior part of the body is the shorter

one, and above rather sharply redial ; it ends with a large gland and a pro-

jecting horn above it. The whole body is uniform more or less dark brown,

laterally strongly warty and obliquely grooved ; the pedal row is very dis-

tinctly margined on both sides with an impressed line, and the margin of

the foot below it is broad, smooth, marked with alternately brown and pale

oblique stripes, so as to give the appearance of a variegated fringe. The

eye peduncles and tentacles are of usual proportionate length, dark brown

or even blackish, the latter with pale tips. On the whole, the general colour

of the specimens varies a great deal; the young are mostly pale brown with

an olivaceous tinge, while in old ones the neck, including the head and

pedicles, become almost black.

The mantle is somewhat paler than the body, its edge moderately

thickened. There are two small lmguiform shell-lobes present, a right one,

just below the inner or posterior angle of the aperture of the shell, thus playing

on the inner lip, and producing its moderately distinct nacreous and callose

structure. The other lobe hes below the outer periphery of the shell on the

basal side ; it projects from the outer end of a rather elongated very narrow

fringe, which is separated from the edge of the mantle itself. The right neck-

lobe is entire, thick, rounded, somewhat freely projecting at the lower or umbi-

licalend. The left neck lobe is divided in two portions, the upper elongately

rounded, the lower much narrower, with the upper end somewhat pointedly

extended. The edge of the mantle which secretes the umbilical margin of

the peristome is internally considerably thickened, (comp. pl. ii, fig. 13).

I have not been able to see satisfactorily the exact structure of the geni-

tal system, but, as far as it could be examined, it appears almost entirely to

agree with that of Jehysota semiglobosa, figured by Semper. There certainly

are no appendages present—neither on the penis, nor on the seminal duct

or uterus.

* KH. v. Martens, Ost-Asiat. Expedit. p. 230, pl. 10, fig. 1.

1873.] F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. 13

The jaw is smooth, semilunar, with a round projection in the middle of

the concave edge; it is about 2.5 m.m. broad.

The radula is comparatively of very great length. In a middle-sized

specimen it measured 7 m.m. in length and 3m.m. in breadth, although

one of the ends was not quite perfect. I counted 106 transverse rows

and about 141 teeth in each row. The centre tooth has a comparatively

short point without any lateral denticles, and is somewhat smaller than the

adjoining laterals. The first of these has a long, laterally bent, rather blunt

projection ; the following very gradually decrease in size and the middle

cusp becomes gradually more pointed and curved, while the basal plate

decreases. With about the fiftieth tooth the end begins to become bicus-

pid, and on about the hundreth tooth on either side, the two cusps are sharp-

est and best developed.

Semper (Reisen im Archipel der Philipp., Vol. III, p. 68) says that

Ehysota does not possess any developed shell lobes of the mantle. In the

present species their existence is undeniable, and still all the other charac-

ters of the animal and shell point towards the greatest relation of 2. cymatium

to other typical species of the genus, which scarcely would have any meaning,

if it were restricted in the sense given to it by Semper. I very much doubt, that

all the species with polished lower surface of the shell, referred by Semper to

Ehysota, have no shell-lobes. How then do they produce the smoothness of the

shell? I generally found shell-lobes essential for that purpose. But sup-

posing some of the species really had no shell-lobes, this would be no sufficient

reason for excluding any other species which possess them from Rhysota ; for

in Xesta we have a similar mixture of forms with and without shell-lobes.

Thus the only anatomical difference, which remains to be considered as

distinguishing 2hysota from Xesta, is the simple form of the genital organs

in the former. How far this character is really reliable for generic distinctions,

is a point by no means easily settled, as I had already occasion to notice

when speaking of the anatomy of the two species of Sztala (Conulema, olim)

(Journ. A. S. B., Vol. xl, Pt. 1, 1871, p. 236 &c.), S. attegia and S. infula.

When we compare the characters relating to the presence or absence

or form of the mantle lobes, we meet with a perfect similarity between

Rhysota and Rotula. The distinction between the two merely rests in

the presence of an amatorial gland in the latter genus, while the shells

only differ in the upper side of Ahysota being irregularly corrugated, and

in Rotula reticulately striated, or transversely costulated.

In speaking of the shell of Rhysota, Albers gives the peculiarly rugose

upper surface as one of the most important characters of the genus.

14 F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. [No. 1,

Rotuta* Bisuaa, n. sp., Pl. i, figs. 4-7 and pl. ii, figs. 16-18.

R. depresse conoidea et suborbiculata, vel late conica, angustissime um-

bilicata, tenui, cornea, pallide succinea; anfractibus 5°5 ad 6°5, suturd

simplici, supra rare filiforme marginata, junctis, lente accrescentibus, in

superficie superiore convexiusculis, costulis transversis obliquis, confertis,

striis spiralibus confertissimis ac plus minusve distinctis intersectis, crispatulis

seu subgranulosis, ornatis ; ultimo ad peripheriam acute carinato, ad basin

modice inflato, nitido, subleevigato, striis incrementi radiantibus atque alteris

spiralibus sub-obsoletis notato, medio cancaviusculo ; apertura angulatim

semilunari, paulum obliqua, labio tenuissimo vix distinguendo, labro ad mar-

ginem tenui, neque expanso, neque incrassato, ad insertionem umbilicalem

brevissime reflexo instructa.

Dimensiones varietatum frequentium :—

Diam. major. D. minor, Alt. teste. Alt. aperture. Lat. aperture.

a. 14°5 13°5 11:0 6°0 76. Han,

b. 16°2 15:0 10°9 6°6 Bee ies

c. 17°4 15°6 12:0 7:2 - ey ea

d. 17°4 16°0 10°9 70 a a

Diam. maj. speciminis maximi 18.8 m.m.

It will be seen from the above measurements, which are taken from the

four figured specimens, that the height of the shell is very variable, but the

increase of the whorls is very nearly quite constant. The upper convexity of

the whorls also slightly varies; the sides of the spire are generally nearly

straight, more rarely conspicuously convex ; occasionally the peripherical keel

is somewhat projecting above the suture. The ornamentation is characteristic-

ally that of Rotuwla, reticulately sculptured above, nearly smooth below. ‘The

transverse ribs on the upper surface are traversed by fine spiral lines, which

generally only produce a slight undulation in the direction of the ribs, some-

times, however, a fine granulation is formed. As regards form, the present

species very closely resembles the Burmese &. anceps, (Gould), and also the

South Indian &. Shiplayi, the first has, however, the upper costulation very

fine and no spiral striz, while the latter has both much stronger developed,

producing a granular surface, and the shell is also more solid. The third very

closely allied species is 2. endica, differing principally by a greater width of

the last whorl, and also by a stronger sculpture.

* Comp. Journ. A. S. B., 1871, Vol. xl, pt. ii, p. 231. The name Rotula has

also been applied in the Actinozoa, but if our zoological classification should make such

rapid progress, as it has done lately, it will, I think, in no long time be almost impos-

sible to find new names for the generic groups, and we shall be forced to modify the

existing rules at least so far that the same name may become reapplicable in at least

the five or six principal divisions of the animal kingdom. A further relaxation of the

rule would scarcely prove beneficial and would hardly be necessary.

1873. | F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. 15

The animal of the Penang species, when fully extended, equals in length

about twice the longer diameter of the shell ; back roundly flattened above, foot

posteriorly obtusely ridged, terminating with a large gland which is superseded

by a small horn ; pedal row very distinct and the edge of foot below obliquely

striated. The general colour of the body is pale or livid grey, with a general

reddish tinge when full grown. A pale yellow (in young), or more or less

distinctly cinober red (in adults), stripe extends along the centre of the back

and the superior ridge of the foot, the former is bounded on each side by a

broad black stripe, originating at the base of each peduncle and continuing

to the mantle, and below this stripe there is again a yellowish or red line.

The posterior red band is only edged with black. The sides of the foot,

both anteriorly and posteriorly, are more or less distinctly variegated with

impure black and tinged with red ; front of head between the two pedicles and

tentacles with a black spot ; pedicles and tentacles generally greyish, the latter

with a reddish tinge, and with pale, rather large, globular tips, the former

with a black ring at the base where the longitudinal black bands begin.

The mantle is moderately thickened. The right shell lobe is entirely

obsolete, or only indicated by a very slight extension of the edge, a short dis-

tance below the upper angle of the aperture of the shell. Sole of foot divided by

a longitudinal groove. The right neck lobe is large and extends as a moderate-

ly broad fringe to near the retractor muscle where it terminates with a free end.

The left neck lobe is smaller with a linguiform free outer end. The left outer

edge of the mantle is externally also entire, like the right one, but about the

middle of the basal portion it has internally a distinct lobe, about 2 m.m. in

length, which in its situation strictly speaking lies between the shell and

the neck lobe ; but as it becomes reflected with its edge over the shell, it

has to be regarded as the representant of the left shell lobe. The lower

portion of the left neck lobe is only a thickened swelling, extending as a nar-

row inner rim of the edge of the mantle to near the umbilicus. Both the

right and left neck lobe have a large black spot, in cq puerea of the later-

al black bands of the back.

The general anatomy does not differ in any essential point from that of

R. anceps, as briefly noticed by me in Journ, A. 8. B., Vol. xl, pt. II, 1871,

p- 233, pl. xvu, fig. 1.

The jaw is semilunar, perfectly smooth, with obtusely rounded corners,

and a slight rounded projection in the centre of the concave edge ; it is about

15 m.m. broad.

The length of the radula is about 4°5, and its breadth above 1°5 m.m

it is composed of about 105 transverse, nearly straight rows of teeth, there

being about 121 teeth in each row, The form of the teeth again very close-

ly resembles that of Hot. anceps, (loc. cit.). All the points extend beyond

the upper edge of the basal plate ; the central is somewhat widened below

16 F. Stoliczka—-Land-shells of Penang Island. [ No. 1,

the terminal point, contracted in the middle, but it has no distinct denticles

at the sides. The laterals gradually become more and more turned, and

curved, with a small inner and scarcely a trace of an outer denticle; up to

the 20th they very gradually diminish in size, then a very slight break fol-

lows, the 21st being somewhat sensibly smaller and first distinctly bicuspid

at the tip, while at the same time the size of the basal plate has much dimin-

ished, until in the last teeth it almost entirely becomes obsolete ; the two

terminal cusps on the other hand become gradually more and more equal.

The genital organs have a distinct amatorial gland, possessing near its

origin a large globose appendage, internally composed of an elliptical largely

cellular mass, in which the cells are concentrically arranged with their longer

diameter perpendicular to the walls of the ellipse. The posterior part of

the gland is filled with a finely granular substance,—probably calcareous

particles. The vas deferens has only one slight enlargement about the mid-

dle of its length; it consisted in a simple thickening of the walls, but I

could not trace any calcareous particles in it. ‘Towards the end, where the

penis is lodged, the tube is widest and somewhat curved, but there are no

other appendages, or calcareous sacs accompanied with a flagellum, present,

such as have been observed in many other species of Lotula.

SITALA* CARINIFERA, n. sp. Pl. 1, fig. 8.

Testa globose conoidea, cornea, apice obtusula, angustissime perforata ;

anfractibus quinque, gradatim accrescentibus, convexe angulatis, sutura sim-

plici junctis, transversim minutissime striolatis, superis infra medium carinis

filiformibus duobus ornatis, ultimo ad peripheriam tricarinato, basi planate

convexiusculo, levigato; apertura semilunari, verticali, non descendente,

labro extus tenuissimo, in regione columellari paululum reflexiusculo.

Diam. maj. 2°2, minor 2°, alt. testze 2° m. m.

Hab.— Penang hill,’ in foliis Coffee arabice, specimen unicum.

The animal of this species is exactly like that of S. ifuwla, figured in pl.

xvii,in J, A. 8. B., Vol. xl, Pl. nu, for 1871; it has a generally pale brownish

grey colour; but having obtained a single specimen, I did not like to sacri-

fice the shell, in order to notice the internal structure ; for when examin-

ing these little species one is by no means sure, that he will obtain from a

single specimen an insight into the whole anatomy.

The present species is closely allied to the Nilgheri Helix tricarinata.

Blf., which is also a Sttala, and differs by a more depressed. and broadly coni-

cal shape, and by having a much wider umbilicus.

* H. Adams proposed this name for Helix infula, Bens., as type (P. Z. 8. for

1865, p 408). I had unfortunately overlooked this reference, when I proposed for

Benson’s attegia (and infula and a few others) the name Conulema, which must now

be regarded as identical with sitala (J. A. S. B., xl, pt. Il, p. 236.)

1873.] F. Stoliezka—Land-shells of Penang Island. 17

MacrocuiaMys* stePHorpss, n. sp. Pl. i, fig. 9, and pl. u, figs. 19-20.

M. orbiculata, spira depresse convexiuscula, basi medio concaviuscula,

angustissime perforata, tenui, succineo cornea, unicolore, circa umbilicum

albescente ; anfractibus sex, lentissime accrescentibus, sutura lineari junctis,

infra suturam angustissime adpressis, nitidis, fere politis, striis incrementi

transversis minutissimis, nonnunquam fere omnino obsoletis, notatis, supra

convexiusculis ; ultimo ad peripheriam fere uniforme convexo ; apertura sub-

semilunari, vix obliqua, labio per-tenui, labro simplici, ad basin paulum si-

nuose producto, ad insertionem umbilicalem anguste atque breviter reflexo.

Diam. maj. 11°6, d. min. 10°7, alt. 7 ; alt. apert. cum perist. 4°8, ejusdem lat.

5°6 m.m.

The nearest ally of this species, as regards general character and size, is

the Andamanese Jacroch. stephus,t (Benson), differing from the present

species by a somewhat more depressed form and by having the sides of the

spire nearly straight or slightly concave, but not convex. Macroch. hyali-

na,¢ Martens, is also very closely allied, it is a larger shell and with a more

rapid increase of the volutions, the difference between the smaller and larger

diameters being 25 m.m. In Burma and Sikkim several other allied forms

occur, such as I. hypoleuca, patane, petasus, &c., but they are all smaller

and more depressed shells.

The species is rare; I found a single live specimen and half a dozen

of old shells at the base of Penang hill, about 300 feet.

The animal is long and very slender, blackish grey above and on the

pedicles, paler at the sides of the foot, which has a long and thin horn above

the tail gland. Both shell and neck lobes are well developed, the right ones

larger than the respective left ones. ‘The two shell lobes are lnguiform,

and the right one, when fully expanded, covers.almost half of the upper sur-

‘face of the shell. The lower portion of the left neck-lobe is merely repre-

sented by a slightly thickened rim, extending from the place of insertion of

the left shell-lobe to near the umbilicus.

The jaw is one mill. broad, with a central rounded tooth in the concave

edge and with the corners somewhat bent outwardly ; a form which is also

met with in several other species of J/acrochlamys.

The radula has not been seen perfect, but it does not appear to have

been more than four mill. long, and there appear to have been at least LOL

teeth in each transverse row ; all with very sharp points; the central with

* Comp. Journ. A. S. B., vol. xl, pt. ii, 1871, p. 246.

+ The figure of this species in Conch, Ind., pl. 62, is taken from a young or im-

perfect specimen, in which the peculiarly depressed form is not so well discernable as

in an adult shell. Fig. 6 on the same plate is incorrect, because it does not shew the

sinuosely produced median basal portion of the peristome.

{ Preuss. Exped, nach Ost Asien, II, p. 241, pl. 12, fig. 5.

‘as of

a F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. [Norway

a distinct denticle on either side, and the last laterals with two small unequal

cusps; all have the basal plate obtusely narrowed outwardly.

The genital organs are very similar to those of IZ. indicus, Benson, but

much more slender ; the amatorial gland is very thin (in a young specimen),

there is a small ccecal appendage on the vas deferens, and a flagellum at the

base of the penis, just before a swelling filled with calcareous particles.

MicrocystTiIs* PALMICOLA, n. sp. Pl. i. fig. 10.

M. testa late conica, tenui, cornea, angustissime umbilicata ; anfracti-

bus quinque, gradatim accrescentibus, convexiusculis, sutura simplici junctis,

supra splendore albide sericino, transversim oblique, minutissime atque con-

fertissime, striolatis, ultimo ad peripheriam acute angulato ; basi convexius-

cula, olivaceo nitita ; apertura subsemilunari, extus angulata, obliqua ; labro

tenui, simplici, ad basin recedente, ad umbilicum reflexo; labio tenuissimo,

vix distinguendo. Speciminis maximi diam. maj. 2°8, d. minor 2°6, alt. 2°2,

diam. apert. 1°7, ejusd. alt. 0°95 m.m.

Hab.—Penang, sub corticem Coccos nucifere, haud frequens.

The shell is distinguished from allied species by its comparatively

sharply angular last whorl, slightly inflated base and by the peculiar silky

and very finely striated upper surface.

The animal when fully extended equals in length about four diameters

of the shell; itis rather dark brownish grey, darkest on the tentacles and

on the rostrum ; posterior gland superseded by a small horn.

HELICARION} PERMOLLE, n. sp. Pl. i, fig. 11 and pl. ii, figs. 21-23.

H. testa depresse inflateque conoidea, tenuissima, fere membranacea,

translucente, pallide lutescente, vix perforata, spira ultimo anfractu multo

breviore ; anfractibus 4°5, rapide accrescentibus, ad suturam simplicem ad-

pressis, nitidis, convexiusculis, ultimo inflato, ad peripheriam rotundato,

transversim lente arcuateque striatulo, ad basin striis spiralibus sub-obsoletis

notato ; apertura lunari, valde obliqua, labio albescente, minutissime puncti-

culato, labro tenuissimo, simplici, ad basin valde recedente, ad marginem

interiorem umbilici breviter reflexiusculo. Diam. maj. 8-4, d. min. 7°4, alt.

6°3; alt. apert. cum perist. 4, ejusd. lat. 4°3 m.m.,

The rather strongly elevated spire, and the membranaceous and trans-

parent structure of the shell, separate this species from the numerous allied

forms of the Philippines. The species is rare; I only obtained about half

a dozen specimens on low bushes or between ‘old vegetable matter on the

ground, about 500 feet above the sea, on Penang hill.

* Microcystis, Beck. Comp. Semper in Reis. Arch. Philipp., pt. II, vol. iii, 1870,

p. 43, and Stoliczka in J. A. S. B., vol. xl, pt. II, p. 251.

{ Semper, Reisen Archip. der Philippinen, vol. iii, p. 20,

1873. ] F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. - 19

The animal is slender and very long; when fresh the extended foot

is three times the longer diameter of the shell, which is then entirely covered

by the mantle ; but in captivity the shell lobes shrink very rapidly, being

reduced to narrow linguiform appendages. Middle of back and of the

hind foot whitish or very pale brownish, with a slight pinkish tinge; a

broad blackish band runs from each pedicle along the sides of the whole

back, and also on the sides of the posterior part of the foot, as far as

the terminal gland, which is superseded by a very distinct pointed horn ;

the dark colour extends down to the pedal row, while a large black spot

about the middle of the foot on each side reaches down to the sole;

pedicles long, grey ; tentacles short and almost white ; mantle blackish with

small whitish dots. All the four mantle lobes are well developed, the left

shell and neck lobes are proportionately somewhat larger than the correspond-

ing right ones, and each of the former has a deep but narrow incision in its

lower portion.

The jaw is about one mill. broad, quadrant shaped, smooth, without any

projection in the centre of the concave edge, like in most other species of

the genus.

The radula is moderately broad and nearly 2°5 m.m. long; there are

95 transverse rows and about 121 teeth in each row, all remarkably small

and from the tenth tooth they somewhat rapidly decrease in size towards the

edges. The centre tooth has two distinct denticles on either side and a

third much smaller one nearer to the base ; the principal cusp is pointed.

On the subsequent teeth the inner denticles disappear first, and gradually

altogether, then the lower outer, while the-upper outer remains, until at

last it equals the principal cusp, so that the outermost teeth become almost

regularly, though shortly, bicuspid.

The general anatomy does not offer any peculiarity requiring special

notice. The nervous and digestive apparatus agrees with that of other

ZonItIp#, except perhaps that the liver is enormously largely developed.

The female portion of the genital system has a long sub-pedunculate recepta-

eulum seminis, branching off at its origin. ‘The vas deferens is very short,

passing into a rather widened tube, again somewhat contracted near the

base of the penis, which is attached by a special strong muscle. ‘The end

of the penis widens very rapidly for a short distance before it joins the her-

maphrodite opening. I have not observed, in two specimens examined, any

ccecal or calciferous appendages.

20 F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. [No. 1,

Genus. TrocuomorPHA, Albers.

HELIcEEN, Edit. EH. v. Martens, p. 60, and Preussiche Exped nach Ost Asien

vol, ii, Landschnecken, 1867, p. 245; Nigritella and Videna, ibidem. Sivella, Blanf.

The type of this genus is Helix trochiformis, Fer., which is characteris-

ed by a moderately solid, sub-discoid or depressedly conical shell, the whorls

being flattened above, the last carinate at the periphery, the aperture rhom-

biform or narrowly semilunar with simple-~sharp edges, but the columellar

lips occasionally internally somewhat thickened and slightly reflexed.

I do not know whether the animal of this typical species had been

examined, but I have observed those of about a dozen different species, which

evidently belong to the same type, and I find that all of them possess a

very fine glandular slit at the upper end of the foot, the pedal row being

in all also distinct; they have, therefore, to be referred to the Zoniripa,

as already noticed in my paper on the Moulmain shells in Jour. A. S. B.,

vol, xl; pt. II, 1871; p. 225.

Judging from a somewhat more intimate examination of the animals of

a few species, the following characters have to be added to those derived from

the peculiar shape of the shell.

Animal moderately slender, with the posterior part of the foot shorter

than the anterior, the former terminating above with a small glandular slit ;

pedal row distinct ; mantle with elongated narrow neck lobes, but with the

shell lobes entirely wanting, left neck lobe sometimes divided or insinuated

in the middle ; jaw smooth ; genital organs without amatorial gland, or any

other appendages ; seminal receptacle and seminal duct very long.

The Zrochomorphe live on the ground generally in decaying vegetable

matter, under or on old wood. Three species have been found on Penang.

Albers, while noticing several typical species, such as 7. planorbis,

Less., under his genus Discus, referred to Yrochomorpha a most varied

mixture of shells: for instance ; anceps, Gould, serrula, Bens. ete. which

belong to Rotula; Barrackpoorensis, Pfr., is a Kaliella ; cacuminifera and

infula, Bens. are Sitale (== Oonulema, olim); H. capitium, Bens., does not

belong to the present family, but to the next, the true Helicide, ete.

EK. v. Martens (1. cit. pp. 246 and 247) adopted two groups in the

genus Trochomorpha ; the one, for which he proposes the name Wigritella,

includes the obtusely conoid and more solid shells, sometimes with a some-

what obtuse periphery ; these are true Zrochomorphe, of the type of H.

trochiformis, or of TLroch. Ternatana, Guillou; the name Nigritella is,

therefore, entirely superfluous. ‘The second group is classed by Martens

as Videna, Adams; it includes the more planorboid and sharply keeled

species of the type of H. planorbis, Less. For this same group, (type

H. castra, Benson,) W. T. Blanford proposed the subgeneric name Sivella,

1873.] F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. 21

Judging from the similarity of the shells of these two groups and from

what we know of the animal of ZT. Ternatana, observed by Martens, I very

much doubt that any necessity exists for subdividing the genus Trochomorpha.

TROCHOMORPHA CASTRA, (Benson). Pl. i, figs. 14-16 and pl. u, figs. 7-9.

Helix castra, Benson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1852, vol. x, p. 349.—Reeve,

Conch. Icon., Helix, No. 1160.

The shell is subject to a very considerable amount of variation as regards

the elevation of the spire. Young specimens are sometimes Almost planor-

bular, and in some adults the total height of the shell is scarcely more than

one-third of the larger diameter, while in others it somewhat exceeds one

half of the same dimension. The width of the umbilicus varies from

0-2 to 0°3 of the diameter of the shell. The base is always distinctly

spirally striated, but on the upper side the oblique transverse striz of growth

prevail. The usual colour is pale horny, sometimes brown with a pale band

below the suture.

The species is very rare on Penang hill, but it is common in Pegu,

Arakan, Assam, Sikkim, and within the last few years it became abundant

in the botanic garden near Calcutta, having been most likely introduced

from Darjeeling. One of the largest Sikkim specimens in my collection

measures: larger diam. 18, smaller diam. 12, height of shell 7, same of

apert. 8, width of same 5°4 m.m.

The animal changes from dark leaden to blackish grey, being always

paler at the sides of the foot, generally tinged with brownish below the pedal

row ; tentacles and pedicles mostly somewhat darker than the body ; neck dis-

tinctly warty ; sole dark grey, entire, without any distinct furrows ; tail gland

represented by a fine slit about one mill. long. The total length of the

foot generally equals one and a half diameters of the shell, the caudal portion

being always shorter than the anterior one. ‘The mantle is blackish and in

its extent above the large pulmonary cavity variegated with pale spots.

The jaw is smooth, very thin, almost semicircular, with broad oblique

ends and a small, in younger specimens sometimes almost obsolete, projection

in the centre of the concave edge ; its width is about one half millimetre.

The radula is narrow, about two mill. long, or slightly longer, composed

of about 85 transverse straight rows, there being about 101 teeth in each

of them. All have very sharp, long and pointed cusps, the central with a

small denticle on either side near the tip; on the outer ones, as they turn

laterally and gradually decrease in size, the inner denticle disappears, while

the outer increases, until on the last 15 or 20 teeth, preceding the 3 or

4 terminal ones, it equals the principal cusp. The last few teeth are short,

broad, and their outer cusp becomes almost entirely obsolete, the teeth pre-

senting merely an oblique sharp edge.

The female portion of the genital organs has a globular swelling near

its origin at the hermaphrodite opening, and the receptaculum seminis

22 F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. [No. 1,

branches off above this gland, it is fully one inch long, somewhat thickened

in the middle. The penis is attached by a short muscle, about 4 m.m. long

and moderately thickened.

TrocHoMorPHA Canrortana, (Benson). PI. i, fig. 18.

Helix Cantoriana, Benson, Ann, and Mag, Nat. Hist., 1861, vii, p. 85.

Five specimens which I found on Penang hill (at about 2000 feet

elevation) exactly correspond with Benson’s description, which was taken

from a solitary specimen obtained by Dr. Cantor on the small island Sung-

Sung near Penang. The illustration given on plate i will dispense with a

repetition of the description quoted above. The apex is smooth, slightly

swollen, and there are scarcely more than five whorls in specimens of 10 m.m.

The animal is blackish grey with a very narrow, pale dorsal stripe,

quite similar to that of Z. castra, but by some accident no specimen was

preserved in spirit, so I cannot give any further details of its structure ; it is,

however, certainly a Zrochomorpha. 'The specimens were found under a log

of old wood.

TrocHomMorPHA TrMorensIs, Martens. PI. i, fig. 17, and pl. ui, figs. 10-12.

H. v. Martens, in Preuss. Ost-Asiat. Exped., 1867, II, p. 248.

Penang specimens, of which I obtained sixteen, entirely agree in form

and structure with the shell described by E. von Martens, with the single

exception that the last whorl is not descending near the aperture, but there

is an inclination to it, as its terminal portion in adult specimens is slightly

more bent downwards than the preceding part (comp. figs. 17a and 170).

This character is, however, certainly a variable one ; it does also occasionally

occur in adult specimens of Z. castra and T. planorbis. The differences

noticed by E. v. Martens regarding the greater number of whorls, and the

larger umbilicus, with less rapidly descending sides, in Z?morensis, when

compared with planorbis, are well marked in Penang examples.

The species is found sparingly on or under old wood all over Penang

hill; Z. planorbis was not met with there, but it is avery abundant shell at

the Nicobars.

The animal is uniform blackish, mantle more intense black ; pedal row

distinct and the edge of the foot below it nearly quite smooth; neck and

sides covered with small warts; tail gland represented by a very fine slit,

scarcely more than half a millimetre long.

The jaw and radula are quite similar to those of 7. castra. The former

is about three quarters mill. broad, with somewhat curved out ends and a

broadly rounded central projection in the concave edge. The teeth are very

slender, and the lateral denticles are very close to the tip on the centre tooth.

The outer denticle descends a little lower down on the laterals, but it

1873. ] F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. 23

always appears to remain smaller than on the corresponding teeth of

T. castra ; the outermost laterals were not observed, they must be very thin.

The genital organs are distinguished by a very great length of the

seminal receptacle and of the seminal duct ; the former is one and a half to

nearly two inches long ; it is somewhat widened near its origin but further

on almost throughout equally thin.

Fam. Vitrinidee.

VITRINA NUCLEATA, n. sp. PI. i, fig. 12 and pl. ii, figs. 4-6.

Vit. testa depresse ovata, tumidula, tenui, pallide cornea, translucente ;

anfractibus 3°75, nucleo 1°5 anf. composito, late conico, inflato, levigato,

duobus anf. sequentibus ad suturam adpressis, subcanaliculatis, rapide

accrescentibus, nitidis, transversim striis Incrementi minutissimis notatis ;

apertura ampla, per-obliqua, labio undique tenuissimo, ad basin valde rece-

dente, margine supero convexiusculo. Diam. maj. 9, diam. minor 7, alt. test.

5°83, alt. aperturze 4°8, ejusdem latitudo 6:1 m.m.

A characteristically distinct species, by having the nucleus composed

of one and a half whorls, conically tumid, while the next whorl is at its

beginning only very narrowly exposed, or almost entirely covered. The

outer lip is very thin, almost membranaceous, and simple throughout.

V. nucleata is one of the rarest Penang shells. JI found three live

specimens on the Penang hill in dense forest on old wood, about 1000 feet

above the sea, and two more old shells at the base of the hill.

The animal is entirely black, only shghtly paler at the front sides of

the foot ; it is very long and slender, its total length being about four times

that of the longer diameter of the shell; the anterior part is the much

shorter one, the posterior tapers into a point, and the whole is warty and

grooved. The mantle, however, is nearly smooth. In quite fresh speci-

mens the two shell lobes entirely cover the shell, but generally the left

lobe covers a little more than one fourth of the last whorl extending from

the margin of the mouth, while the right lobe also covers one-fourth of it

beginning at the angle of the mouth, but at the same time also envelopes the

whole spire. The neck lobes are also well developed, rounded, with simple

edges, the left is much larger and longer than the right one. The sole of foot

is pale brown, divided by two grooves in nearly three equal parts, of which

the median is smooth and the lateral transversely suleated. Pedal row well

marked by a thin groove above and along the entire base of foot.

The jaw is semilunar, radiately finely striated, with a blunt projection

in the centre of the concave edge ; the outer or convex portion is smooth ; it

measures about 0°75 m.m. in breadth.

The radula is about two mill. long and half a mill. broad; there are

110 transverse, almost quite straight rows, but only 61 teeth in each of them.

24 F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. (Mo. 3

All have very sharply pomted cusps, the central has two small lateral

denticles on either side; on the outer ones these denticles almost entirely

disappear.

The genital organs are distinguished by a great length of the uterus,

at the end of which lies a large albuminous (ag.) and hermaphrodite gland

(hg.). The seminal receptacle (7s.) is a long, pedunculated, spacious bag

which includes a peculiarly twisted, horny organ, provided on the concave side

with short crispate appendage. Itis the same problematic organ which I

deseribed in Sesara infrendens, Gld., and Macrochlamys | Durgella| honesta,

Gld., (Comp. J. A. S. B. XL., Pt. II, p. 242 and 250, pl. xvi, fig. 5 and 6,

and pl. xvu, fig. 13). Whether this structure represents the amatorial

organ and whether that which we call a seminal receptacle really possesses the

function which we attribute to it, appears to be as yet an open question.

In the present species I found the terminal end of the so-called seminal

receptacle filled with a milky substance, which under a high power exhibited

a quite irregular flaky appearance.

In other respects the present species does not offer any anatomical

peculiarities. The cesophagus is comparatively thin, long, cylindrical. ‘The

kidney, situated near the end of the rectum, is very large, of a broadly

triangular shape ; the liver enormously developed.

Some years passed the Vitrine had been classed asa subfamily of the

Ficlicide ; more recently they had been by various authors treated with the

Zonitide, in the Oxygnathe group of Henicacna. I think the older classi-

fication is preferable, as entered by Binney and Bland in their Land and Fresh-

water shells of N. America. But I would prefer to give them, together with

Helicolimax, Hyalina and their allies,a position intermediate between the

two families. They combine indeed several of the characters of both.

Although they do not possess a terminal mucous gland on the end of the foot

(as all Zonitide do), they have a more or less distinct pedal row, and the sole

appears to be often divided by longitudinal grooves. The jaw is entirely or

partially finely transversely striated, not quite smooth, as usually m Zoniéide,

and not ribbed,as in true Helicide. However, the teeth, particularly the

outermost laterals, have more the pointed character of the former than of

the next family.

Fam. Helicide.

TRACHIA* PENANGENSIS, n. sp. Pl. in, figs. 1 and 18-20.

T. suborbiculata, alta, spira breviter elevata, obtusa, modice sed profunde

umbilicata, tenui, fere cornea, cuticula luteo-fusca dense et breviter pilosa

induta, unicolore ; anfractibus 4°5, convexis, sutura profunde subcanaliculata

junctis, ultimo ad peripheriam uniforme convexo, ad aperturam paulo descen-

* Compare, Stoliczka in Journ, A. 8. B., vol. xl, Pt. II, 1871, p. 2238.

1873. | F. Stoliezka—Land-shells of Penang Island. 25

dente, ad marginem umbilici obtuse angulato; apertura semilunari, labio

tenui, labro expanso atque reflexo, ad insertionem umbilicalem paululum

dilatato, ad basin indistincte subangulato, pallide violaceo tincto. Diam.

maj. 16, diam. min. 14:5, lat. aperture cum perist. 8°8, ejusd. alt. 8°2 m. m.

As regards the thin, almost horny, fulvous, thickly and finely setose

structure of the shell, this species is probably most closely allied to 7. erinacea,

Pfr., but it differs from it, as well as from two other very similar forms,

T. quieta, Reeve, and 7. eustoma, Pfr., by its conspicuously more elevated

spire. Other speeies of similar type, like Z breviseta, Pfr., from Siam,

T. Helferi, Bens., from the Andamans, and four or five others described by

Pfeiffer and E. v. Martens have nearly all a more depressed form and mostly

sub-angular last whorl, although their spire is somewhat elevated.

The animal is dark chocolate brown, with a very narrow pale dorsal and

caudal stripe, the body is laterally somewhat more blackish in front, and

tinged brownish behind ; the posterior end of the foot is the shorter one, as

in Trochomorpha, although not to the same extent.

The jaw is quadrant shaped, with about six strong ribs,* and one or two

less distinct ones on either side ; it is 1°38 m.m. broad.

The radula is about 2°5 m.m., long., and 1. m.m. broad; there are 95

transverse rows, and 91 teeth in each of them, decreasing in size the more

they approach the edges. The centre tooth is slightly smaller than the first

laterals. All have a large basal plate, which is on the centre tooth slightly

emarginate in the middle of the upper edge ; this emargination increases in

depth on the laterals, the inner branch remaining smaller, until on the last

ones the upper edge becomes represented by two obtuse branches. The hook

is on all teeth comparatively small, broad, with a moderately sharp point.

On about the tenth tooth a small denticle appears to shew on the outer edge

near the tip, becoming more distinct on the following teeth. After the

eighteenth lateral, the teeth become somewhat more rapidly shorter, but

increase in width until the last are wider than long, or high, and on

these the basal plate has almost entirely become obsolete.

The genital organs are more than an inch long. The female portion

has a long seminal: receptacle, strongly thickened and muscular for some

distance from its origin, then passing into a long thin tube and ter-

minating with a moderately enlarged bubble, attached by very thin

muscular fibres to the albuminous gland which is situated at the end of

the uterus. The vas deferens takes its origin near the upper end of

the uterus ; it is attached by numerous thin threads at the hermaphrodite

opening, and after a short distance enlarges into a muscular tube. At the

beginning of this enlargement is a short pointed flagellum (f), and at the

* Kvidently very much like that of Campylea,

26 F. Stoliezka—Land-shells of Penang Island. [No 7E,

other end, where the penis begins, is a retractor muscle. The penis itself has

near its base a ccecal appendage ; its terminal portion, before it joins the

hermaphrodite opening, is very thin.

A comparison of the genital organs with those of Tvrachia delibrata,

represented in J. A. S. B., vol. XL, Pt. IT, 1871, pl. xvi, fig. 1, will shew,

that the only essential difference consists in the presence of the small

ececal appendage on the penis in 7. Penangensis. The jaw has fewer and

less strong ribs, than that of the former species, but the teeth themselves

are extremely similar.

Taking all these anatomical characters together with those of the shell,

as noticed in my paper cited above, I think we can consider Trachia as a

fairly established genus of the Hericrpm.

Heiix [Fruricicota] stmimaris, Fér. Pl. ii, figs. 1-8.

Comp. HE. v. Martens_in Preuss. Exped. nach Ost-Asien, vol. II, pp. 43 and 270,

etc. Stoliczka in J. A. S. B, vol. XL, Pt. II, 1871, p. 224.

On Penang this species is mostly found in the coco-palm plantations

up to a height of about 200 feet, never in the interior of large forests and

at great elevations. The shells are of the usual small size (larger diam.

between 12 and 13 m.m.), with or without a brown peripherical band. 'The

striz of growth are generally fine, but m some specimens they accumulate

to strong ribs which give the shell a very peculiar costate appearance.

I also obtained the species from Malacca, near Singapore, Hongkong,

Chusan, Maccao, Canton, &c., northwards it extends through Tenaserim mto

Burma, where it is associated with a great number of closely allied species,

some of which may prove to be mere varieties of it. I may mention

H. bolus, H. sealptwrrita, H. Zoroaster, &e.

In Bengal itself the species is not known, but in Central India it is

represented by H. propinqua, and on the Andamans by HH. hemiopta.

Judging from the great number of closely allied species in the Indo-Malay-

an region, there is certainly the greatest probability that the original habitat

of H. similaris falls within the Indo-Malayan Archipelago, and that it has

been introduced into Mauritius, China and South America.

The animal is rather slender, all over strongly warty, brownish fleshy

white, or pale brown, the ,pedal row is very slightly indicated by a fine

groove ; the pedicles and tentacles are greyish white, mantle dull milky white

with a slight vermilion tinge. When the animal is quite fresh the total

length of the foot is equal to from two and a half to three longer diameters

of the shell.

The jaw is semilunar, about 1 m.m. broad, with three strong central

ribs, followed by a somewhat broader one on either side, while the next is

only indicated by a faint dark line.

1873. | F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. 27

The radula is when compared with the size of the animal large, about 2°3

m.m. long, and somewhat more than one m.m. broad ; it is composed of about

90 transverse rows, with 67 teeth in each of them. The central is much

smaller than the adjoining laterals, with a long arched cusp. The laterals

somewhat rapidly decrease in size after the 14th; on the outermost the

basal plate gradually disappears, while the breadth of the teeth exceeds

their length.

The genital organs are more complicated than in Trachia. 'The female

portion has at its origin a rather short, thick mascular cecal appendage, which

most probably represents the amatorial gland ; it is widened near its origin

and at its rounded end. The seminal receptacle is a round bag, attached

to a long thin peduncle of about the same length as the uterus. The semina]

duct is moderately long, but the penis comparatively thick and attached by

a strong muscle,

Fam. Bulimidee.

Butimvus.—Subg. Amphidromus,

The only two species which I found among the ecoco-palms were Buli-

mus atricallosus, Gould, and B. mterruptus, var. citrinus; the uniform

coloured greenish yellow variety. The former is the more common species.

Besides these two, the ubiquitous Stenogyra gracilis is by no means

rare at the roots of palm trees.

Fam. Clausiliidee.

CLAUSILIA (PH#ZDUSA) PENANGENSIS, n. sp. Pl. ii, figs. 4-6 and 15-17.

C. testa fusiformi, plus minusve atenuata, medio ad anfractum penuiti-

mum latissima, non rimata, solidula, castanea, apice submammillata, albes-

cente, anfractibus 9°5 ad 10°5, convexis, sutura simplici junctis, transversim

confertissime striolatis, penultimo sensim attenuato ; apertura ovata, intus

castanea, peristomate modice expanso, undique libero, albescente, plica supera

crassa, ad marginem aperture continua, columellari immersa, tenui, valde

oblique intrante; plicis palatalibus six, prima longissimima, unam mill. a

margine suturali distante, ceteris multo brevioribus, subequalibus, modice

curvatis atque fere equidistantibus.

Var. brevis, exquisite fusiformis, vide fig. 6 et 6a; long. 24, lat. 6-2,

apert. cum perist. 6 longa, 4°5 m.m. lata.

Var. elongate fusiformis, vide fig. 5; long. 26°3, lat. 62, apert. 6-9

longa, 4°7 m.m. lata; im .hoe specimine apertura exceptionaliter longa est,

in speciminibus alteris, forma similibus, longitudo aperture 6°2 ad 6°4 obser-

vanda.

28 F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. [No. 1,

Var. exilis, attenuate fusiformis, vide fig. 4 et 4a; long. 27, lat. 6,

long. apert. 6°3, lat. 4°6 m.m.

Hab.—Penang hill, frequens.

This is an extremely variable species as regards the shorter or longer

fusiform shape of the shell, and also as regards the size of the aperture, but

both these variations are very commonly observed in other species of the

genus, and particularly in the allied Malayan species Cl. Gouldiana, Pfr.,

insignis, Gould,* and Swmatrana, Martens.t All three have a similarly

variable shape, and finely striated, moderately convex, whorls, but in the two

former the aperture is much shorter of a squarish shape, and in the last it is

conspicuously longer ; EK. v. Martens gives its length at 8 m. m. in a speci-

men, the total length of which is from 23°5 to 31°5 m. m. In this last species,

which also comes nearest to the Penang shell, the whorls appear to be slight-

ly less convex and there are only five palatal plates present.

The animal is uniform grey covered with small pale brown warts, darker

on the back, paler on the pedicles, which have very small, black eyes ; tenta-

cles very short.

The general anatomical structure agrees with that which I published

of Cl. Philippiana, (comp. J. A. 8. B., vol. xl, pt. II, 1871, p. 174, pl. vi,

fig. 8).

The genital organs are distinguished by a very great length of both the

uterus and the penis, both of whieh are much twisted. The only appendage

is that of the seminal receptable, which is comparatively small and narrow,

situated at the end of a long peduncle.

The jaw is very short, about 0°56 m. m. broad, apparently smooth ; only

very faint radiating and concentric lines are to be observed in certain lights.

The radula is about 2 m.m. long and 0° m.m. broad; it consists of

about 125 rows, with 61 teeth in each row. All are provided with a strong-

ly curved cusp ; after about the fifteenth tooth, they rather rapidly decrease

in length. ‘Towards the end of each row they become multi-serrated, while

the basal plate almost entirely disappears. ‘The last teeth are very short, but

broad, almost linear and entire,

Craustnia [PHapDusA] FILIcosTaTa, n. sp. PI. IIT, figs. 7-8.

Cl. testa fusiforme turrita, apice sensim attenuata, subrimata, tenui, pal-

lide cornea; anfractibus 10 ad 11, lente convexiusculis, sutura simplici junctis,

ad suturam filiforme marginatis atque infra marginem paulum contractis, trans-

versim oblique dense costellatis, antepenultimo vix latiore quam penultimo,

ultimo versus aperturam paululum contracto; apertura ovate subtrigona,

postice, (aut supra), subangulata, peristomate expanso, undique libero, plica

* J. A. S. B., xli, pt. 11, pp. 208, 204, 208, pl. ix.

+ Ost-Asiat. Exped, 1867, p. 379, pl. 22, fig. 17.

1873. | F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island, 99

supera tenui, haud usque ad marginem peristomatis interni extensa, intus in

fauce rapide evanescente, columellari approximata, fortiori, valde obliqua ,

plicis palatalibus circiter decem, supera longissima, a margine distante, dua-

bus vel tribus sequentibus multo brevioribus, ceteris brevissimis, omnibus

inter se irregulariter dispositis. Long. 21:2, lat. 4:4; long. apert. cum

perist. paulo imperfecto 4°8, lat. 3°6 m.m. ; specim. secundi apert. cum perist.

perfecto 5°3 longa et 4: m.m. lata.

Hab.—FPenang hill, cum precedente, sed rarissima.

This species is very closely allied to Ol. Javana, Pfr., but the latter has

the whorls, particularly the middle ones, somewhat higher, the transverse

costulation is a little finer, and more crowded, the palatal plaits are fewer,

two according to Kiister, three to four according to H. v. Martens ; it also

appears to have the two labial plaits stronger. I do not know any other

species with which the Penang shell can be compared. It appears to be

extremely rare ; out of three specimens found only one has the aperture with

the margins perfectly well developed.

Fam. Philomycide.

Binney and Bland, Land and fresh-water shells N. America, pt. I, 1869, p. 294.

Genus. PHILOMYCUS.

1820. Rafinesque. Comp. ‘Complete writings,’ by Binney and Tryon, 1864,

p. 64.

1821. Férussac, Tabl. syst. des Limaces, p. 14.

1823. Meghimation, Hasselt, Algem, Konst. &c., p. 232; idem, Fér., 1824.

1842 (August). Incillaria, Benson, Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. ix, p. 486.

1842 (Septb.). Tebenophorus, Binney, Boston Journal, iv, p. 17 1, and 1844,

Wyman, ibidem p. 410.

1866. Philomycus, (anatomy of) Keferstein, Zeitsch. Wissensch, Zool., vol. xvi,

p. 183. :

(1866. Incillaria and Meghimatium (anatomy of), Keferstein, Malacoz. Blatter,

vol, xiii, p. 64,

1869. Tebenophorus, Binney and Bland, Land and Fresh water shells N. Am.

pt. I, Pulm. Geoph., p. 295.

Philomycus apud H, and A. Adams, Chenu, EH. v. Martens &e.

It must be admitted that the original characteristic of the genus by

Rafinesque is a very unsatisfactory one, but that is the case with many other

old definitions. When Rafinesque wrote that Philomycus has no visible

mantle, everybody* could, I think, fancy that. the mantle must extend over

* Binney writes in 1841 (Boston Journ. IV, p. 174) of his Philomycus dorsalis

corpore .,... clypeo nullo,’ and on p. 171 of Tebenophorus carolinensis * clypeo lato et

elongato, dorsum integrum vestiente,’ and still both species have the mantle covering

the entire upper surface of the body, and both are Philomycus (or Pallifera of Morse).

30- I’. Stoliezka—Land-shells of Penang Island. [No. 1,

the whole body, if the animal can at all be closely compared with ZLimaz, or

else it could not be a Mollusc at all. This was indeed well understood by

Férussac, who in the next year referred to Philomycus, besides the four

insufficiently described species of Rafinesque, Limax carolinensis of Bosc,

well known from description and figure, (copied in Hist. nat. des Moll., pL, 6,

fig. 3). And as Rafinesque’s species had not been rediscovered and his de-

scriptions not made more complete, Ph. carolinensis remained to be considered

as the type of the genus, though I do not think that there can be much

doubt on the point, that Férussac had correctly interpreted Rafinesque’s

meaning. In any case there was no sufficient ground for introducing the

name Tebenophorus for the same species.

Keferstein (loc. cit.) has shewn by the anatomical examination of

the three typical species, Philomycus carolinensis, (seu Tebenophorus),

Meghimatium striatum and Inecillaria bilineata, that all three genera

have to be united into one. The general anatomy and dentition &c.,

agree in all, the only traceable distinction of Phil. carolinensis consists

in the presence of a small amatorial organ, situated at the entrance of the

seminal receptacle. The presence or absence of this organ, or even of

that of a special amatorial gland (see ante, p. 13), is rightly considered by

Keferstein as insufficient for a generic separation of the American from the

Indian species. I had repeatedly opportunity of satisfying myself of this by

the observation, that the development of that organ does not only appear to

depend upon the age of the animal, but often even upon the season or peculiari-

ties of the conditions, under which the animal lives. As far as our materials

enable us to judge, we can, I think, look upon Philomycus as a well estab-

lished genus. For the present it has to be regarded as the sole representative

of the family. The finely radiately striated (in Ph. dorsalis coarsely ribbed)

jaw in part resembles that of the Virrinip#, but the dentition has decidedly

more the character of true HELICIDZ.

I have to notice one new species found on Penang,

Puitomycts priotus, n. sp. Pl. IIT, figs. 9-14.

Ph. corpore tenuiter cylindraceo, plus minusve (35 ad 46 m.m.) extenso,

antice rotundate subtruncato, postice acuminato, livido, copiose mucoso,

supra pallio levigato, lateraliter atque in parte postica nonnunquam subera-

nuloso tecto, fasciis tribus longitudinalibus atratis, reticulationibus ejusdem

coloris junctis, picto, facia centrali latissima, duabus alteris tenuioribus ad

latus dorsi sitis et a margine inferiore distantibus ; orificio pulmonari antice

ad latus dextrum in incisione pallii sito, circiter 5 ad 7 m.m. a terminatione an-

tica distante ; pedunculis oculiferis cire. 5 m.m. longis, tentaculis brevissimis |

ambobus pallidissimis ; pede infra transversim plicatello, livido.

1873.] F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. 31

During life the length and comparative thickness of the animal changes

very rapidly, as may be noticed from a comparison of the two sketches taken

from life and one from a specimen preserved in spirit. The animal is cover-

ed by a thick layer of mucous secretion, it is very active, and readily burrows

in light decomposing vegetable substance. The three black longitudinal

bands are connected by a similarly coloured net work which continues, inter-

spersed with, or dissolved into, little dots, to the lower edge of the mantle.

The three distinctly marked bands distinguish the present species from the

Javaen Ph. reticulatus, according to Férussac’s figures 2* and 8 on pl. 8 E.,

p. 96°, Moll. terr. et fluv. vol. 1. The peduncles are about 5 m.m. long,

provided with distinctly developed globules on which the small black eyes

are situated ; the tentacles are very short, and when the animal moves about

scarcely noticeable ; both are very pale coloured.

The anatomy of the species almost perfectly agrees with that given by

Keferstein of Ph. striatus and bilineatus. The internal pulmonary cavity

extends to about one anterior fourth of the length of the body, and in the

fresh animal is always well marked by the mantle above it being somewhat

inflated. On this inflated portion, the mantle is smooth, on the other parts

generally slightly rugose.

The genital organs (comp. fig. 138) have no special amatorial gland.

The seminal receptacle is a globular pedunculated bag, situated a short dis-

tance from the hermaphrodite opening. In two specimens which I examin-

ed, I noticed the development of a strongly fibrous bundle of muscles at the

entrance of the receptacle, where it branches off from the oviduct, but there

was no special amatorial organ present.

The jaw is semilunar, strongly curved, thin, radiately striated ; when laid

flat about one mill. broad. |

The radula is 2°8 m.m. long, only about 0°5 broad ; there are about 170

rows, and 87 teeth in each row: the central tooth with asymmetrical simple

curved cusp, the laterals with a more oblique but simple cusp, both it and

the basal plate gradually decrease in height until the last teeth become almost

linear and form a confiuent row.

None of the other organs require any special notice.

I found three specimens of this species among old decaying vegetable

matter on the ground at the northern base of Penang hill, about one hundred

feet above the sea.

* E. v. Martens (Preuss. Exp. nach Ost-Asien, Landschnecksn, p, 182) refers to

this figure as a synonym of Hasselt’s Parmacella reticulata, which he quotes as Par-

marion reticulatus. I donot know Hasselt’s original figure, but surely the one given

by Férussac does not represent a Parmacella or a Parmarion.

32 F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Tsland. [No. 1

Fam. Pupide.

This family is represented in India and Burma by Hypselostoma, Boy-

sia and various subgenera of Pupa, all of small size. Among the Pupe found

in Burma and the adjacent countries, inhabited by a large number of Mala-

yan forms, the majority are referable to Albers’ subgenus Scopelophila, the

type of which is Pupa Kokeilii, Rossm. The shells are small, subconic or

subcylindrical, composed of 4 to 8 whorls, with a moderately thin, semicor-

heous or corneous texture, covered by a brown cuticle; the last whorl is

timate at the base, always somewhat rapidly turned to the front, generally

slightly ascending at the aperture, which is internally instructed with teeth on

the whole peristome ; commonly there is a bifid tooth on the inner lip, it is

larger than any of the others. Some of the species appear to differ from Pupilla

merely by the peculiar turn of the last whorl towards the front, thus shew-

ing a strong affinity to Hypselostoma. 'The Indian species of Scopelophila,

as far as I observed them, have the pedicles well developed and the tentacles

short.

A second small group of Pupa, which is found in India, Burma and the

country southward, is characterised by a subconic or ovate shape, composed

of three to five whorls, of a thin corneous texture, covered with a transverse-

ly striated cuticle ; the last whorl is not ascending, the aperture generally

edentulous ; the columellar lip is externally near its attachment somewhat

expanded, mostly covering the umbilical region, while internally at the base

it is twisted and occasionally provided with a small tooth. I propose for

this subgeneric group the name

Pupisoma,

and regard as the type of it the Moulmein P. lignicola, described in

J. A.S. B., vol. xl, pt. ii, p. 171, pl. vii, fig. 8. The animals have very short

pedicles and barely a trace of tentacles. They generally live on wood.

Pura [ScopELopHina] PALMIRA, n. sp. Pl. II. fig. 3.

P. testa ovate cylindracea, rimata, sordide albida, cornea, apice obtusius-

cula ; anfractibus quinque, convexis, gradatim accrescentibus, sutura simplici

junctis, subleevigatis, fere politis, lineis nonnullis incrementi transversis obli-

quis, exilissimis notata; apertura fere verticali, subquadrangulari, intus

quinque-dentata, albida ; labro undique expansiusculo atque paulum incras-

sato, extus infra suturam sinuoso, intus profunde bidentato, (dente supero

minori), ad basin dente unico minuto et ad medium collumelle altero fortiori

instructo ; labio tenui, adnato, extra medium prope angulum posteriorem

aperture dente lamelliforme bipartito munito.

Long. testze 2°15, latit. 1°, long. apert. 0°8, lat. 0°6 m.m.,

1873.] F. Stoliezka—Land-shells of Penang Island. 33

Hab.—Penang et in Provincia Wellesley dicta, sub corticem Cocos nuct-

Sere ; testa rarissima.

This is of exactly the same type as the Arrakanese P. jilosa, described

at p. 333 of the Journal for last year, but it is larger, more cylindrical and has

one tooth more in the aperture. From P. Avanica it differs by less closely

wound whorls and by the interal dentition of the aperture. |

It appears to be a very rare species. I found one specimen under the

bark of a cocoa-nut tree on Penang, and two others on the opposite coast in

the Wellesley Province.

Pura [Purisoma] orcELLA, n. sp. Pl. II, fig. 2.

P. testa subglobose conoidea, apice obtusa, angustissime perforata, tenul,

cornea ; anfractibus 3°5, valde convexis, sutura simplici junctis, transverse

filose striolatis ; apertura subrotundata, paululum obliqua, edentula ; margine

externo tenuissimo vix repandiusculo, columellari albescente, vix torto, supra

reflexo, umbilicum fere omnino obtegente.

Alt. teste 1°7, diam. 1°25, alt. aperture 0°6 m.m.

Hab.—Penang, sub corticem Cocos nucifere, haud frequens.

The animal is grey with dusky pedicles, but no perceptible trace of ten-

tacles. The species differs from P. lignicola (1. cit.) by a shorter and broad-

er form, more convex whorls, and by a very slightly expanded and thin outer

lip. In fresh specimens some of the transverse striz of the cuticle are rather

stronger than others, but they very soon wear off.

Fam. Streptaxide.

This family is represented by the single species Hnnea bicolor, occurring

with Stenogyra gracilis, though not very commonly. (Comp. J. A.S. B.,

1871, vol. xl, pt. ii, p. 169).

Fam. Veronicellide and Vaginulide.

I have collected two species, which are by authors usually referred to

the genus Vaginulus, and with which Blainville’s Veronicella is considered as

identical.

The one species is the same as Vaginulus Birmanicus, briefly described by

Theobald in Journ. A. S. B., vol. xxxiii, for 1864. It is found about Calcutta,

extending throughout Bengal up to the base of the Sikkim hills, through

Arrakan, Tenasserim to Penang. A specimen obtained at Singapore does

not appear to differ; EH. v. Martens’ V. Hasselti, (Preuss. Exp. Ost-Asien,

Landschnecken, 1867, p. 176, pl. 5, figs. 2 and 4) from Sumatra, Borneo,

&c., also appears to be the same, and it seems to me very probable that it is

the true Onchidiwm molle of Hasselt.

34, F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. [No. 1,

A second species is very closely allied to Vaginulus Tourannensis, By-

doux and Souleyet, (Voyage de la Bonite, pl. 28, figs. 4 to 7), found by Mr.

Gaudichaud at Touranne in Cochin China.

A close examination of various eastern species of what authors usually

eall Vaginulus or Veronicella appears to me to indicate, that a great confu-

sion has been brought about into the definition of these terms. First of all,

we have to return to the typical species of those two generic terms, leaving

all subsequent researches regarding other species out of the question.

Blainville’s description of his Veronicella levis in 1817 was incorrect as

regards the existence of a rudiment of a shell. The mistake was, at least

partially, corrected by Blainville in Dict. d. Sc. Nat. vol. 57, p. 348,* and

Keferstein, after discussing the opinions about this genus, in Zeitsch. Wiss.

Zool., xv, 1864, defined Veronicella as it ought, I think, to be accepted.

The animals have the sexes distinct in one individuum, the male organ

under the right peduncle, the female about the middle of the lower right side

of the mantle ; tentacles bilobed ; the anal and respiratory orifices are at the

posterior end; the jaw and teeth of the radula resemble those of the HxErt-

cip#. Thus the general anatomical structure of Veronieella agrees in some

respects with Onchidium (comp. Stoliczka in J. A.S. B., xxxviii, pt. ii,

1869, p. 88, pl. xiv), but in this genus the female genital opening lies with

the two others at, or close to, the posterior end; the teeth are peculiarly

hook-shaped, and there is no jaw present. As one of the characteristic fi-

gures of a Veronicella I may mention Vag. Solea, d’Orb., (Voyage dans ? Am.

merid., Moll. pl. 21) from Buenos Ayres, or Vag. Luzonicus, Eydoux and

Souleyet, in Voyage de la Bonite, Zoologie, vol. IT, p. 495, pl. 28, figs. 1—8.

Thus our species will have provisionally to stand as

VERONICELLA Brrmantca, (Theob.).

It is found all over the island, up to the top of Penang hill, but is not

common, and the specimens are mostly small, about 1 or 1°5 inches. The

median dorsal pale stripe generally becomes distinct only in older specimens,

and the lower side of the mantle is uniform hvid; in very young specimens

the pale stripe is absent, and the mantle marked below with dark dots.

The name Vaginulus was introduced by Férussac in 1821. Judging

from the description of the genus, in part at least, from the arrangement of

the species and from the anatomical account given by Blainville, it is, E

* In this article, Blainville strangely makes a great mistake in considering

Vaginulus, Veronicella and Onchidium as identical.

+ Comp. also Humbert in Mem. Soc. Ph. & Sc. Nat, Genéve, vol. xvii, and E, v.

Martens Preuss. Exped. p. 175, Vaginulus.

1873. ] F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. 35

think, clear, that Férussac considered the first described species, V. Tawnayse

as the type of the genus, (Comp. Moll. terr. and fluv., II, pp. 96 p, 964,

and explic. des pl. No. 13, pl. 8 ¢.). Férussac’s characteristic of the genus

places the pulmonary opening at a distance of two-fifths of the length of the

body from the anterior end, and on the lower right side of the mantle; the

female sexual opening is said to be on the same side, about the middle; the

position of the anus is not mentioned. Blainville’s account of the anatomy

is not clear and partly contradictory to Férussac’s statement. Some of the

figures appear to leave no doubt that the position of the female sexual

organ is the same as that indicated by Férussac, in others (fig. I and III,)

its situation is too much backward. The anus appears to be situated accord-

ing to figure I near the sexual opening, but again it is said to terminate

with the anus at the posterior upper end of the foot. In the figures II and

III (1. cit.), which give an insight into the whole anatomy of the animal,

the true termination of the intestines is nowhere given. All this is very

unsatisfactory.

Eydoux and Souleyet in their figure of Vaginulus Tourannensis also

record a small opening at the posterior lower right end of the mantle. I

ean scarcely believe that this is correct ; it is probably only a fault of the

artist who thought that an opening must exist there, because it is clearly seen

in the other species on the same plate, Vag. Luzonicus, which is a Vero-

nicella. ‘

My reason for doubting the correctness of Eydoux and Souleyet’s figure

is the very careful examination of the Penang species, which, as already

mentioned, is closely allied to V. Towrannensis, if not really identical

with it.

The Penang species has the following generic characters, as compared

with those of Veronicella.

The sexes are distinct, the male opening is under the right peduncle, the

female sexual opening lies, together with the anus and the pulmonary orifice,

at the lower right side of the mantle, about two-fifths of the length of the

body distant from the front. The sexual opening is nearest to the edge of

the foot, then comes the anal and then the respiratory one; they are only

separated by thin laminz from each other, There is no jaw present, the

manducatory organ consisting of a simple muscular tube, much as in Sérep-

taxis or Testacella; the radula is short, composed of simple pointed teeth

which are absolutely identical with those of the two last mentioned genera.

There is no opening whatsoever at the posterior end of the foot or mantle ;

the pointed end of the intestinal organs is only attached by a bundle of

muscles to the terminal inner surface of the mantle.

On p. 967 of Férussac’s Moll, ter. and fluv., Blainville says that the upper

36 F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. [No. 1,

border of the mouth is provided with a dental comb (‘ peigne dentaire’), and

further on, that the buccal cavity is supplied on its inner upper surface with

very small sharp points (‘trés petites pointes acérées’). The latter state-

ment evidently refers to sharp pointed teeth of the radula, but does the

former mean to indicate the presence of a jaw, such as exists in Veronicella ?

This is a question of great importance ; for if the presence of a jaw can be

proved, it would certainly not support the generic identification of our

Penang Vaginulus with Vag. Taunaysit.

There are also a few peculiarities in the other anatomical structure, but

on the whole this latter well agrees with that given by Blainville of Vag.

Taunaysi, with the exception of one or two organs which he evidently

misinterpreted.

My doubts against a generic identity of V. Tawnaysii with Veronicella,

as formerly defined, appear to me to be supported also by external differences

in the shape of the body. In V. Zaunaysii, as well as in the Penang species and

in V. Tourannensis, the body is slender and high, so to say nearly cylindrical,

the globules on the tentacles are well developed, the appendages of the latter

large, the posterior end of the foot is pointed and somewhat projecting beyond

the termination of the mantle. In Veronicella, on the contrary, the body is

more depressed and of a generally more ovate shape, the lower appendage on

the tentacles is smaller than the tentacle itself, the end of the foot is more

rounded and not, as a rule at least, projecting beyond the termination of the

mantle.

EK. v. Martens, when speaking of V. Taunaysi (Preuss. Exp. nach Ost-

Asien, Landschnecken, p. 6);says that the slight lateral expansion of the

mantle and the higher body distinguish it from all other species collected in

India, and this opinion is, I think, strongly in favour of my presumed dis-

tinction between Veronicella and Vaginulus ; for it also exactly applies to the

Penang species.

Finally, J must draw the attention to the remarkable external similarity

in the form of the body of Vaginulus porulosus, Fér, (Moll. ter. et fluv. IT,

p- 96", pl. 8 E, fig. 5) with that a of Testacella. The former species is record-

ed after a drawing communicated to Férussac by van Hasselt, and is no doubt

from Java or one of the adjoining islands.. I think it represents a true

Vaginulus, and not a Veronicella,

I have placed the above discussion before my malacological friends, be-

cause I consider a satisfactory solution of the points in question of consider-

able importance, The information is not easily obtainable, as the necessary

materials are very much scattered about. If my suppositions prove correct, the

so called AGNATHA group, and especially the TEsTACELLIDE or STREPTAXID,

will appear before us in a quite different light, when compared with the other

1873.] F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. 37

groups. They will shew that certain characters remain constant under

different physical conditions, while others change, and that the change takes

place according to certain principles, affecting similar or the same organs.

Extended observations of this kind must give us the key to a correct sys-

tematic arrangement.

Our special question cannot be solved, unless Blainville’s and Férussac’s

somewhat contradictory accounts of the structure and anatomy of Vaginulus

Taunaysti had been satisfactorily settled. I hope to have myself an early

opportunity of examining one of these animals, and until such a time I will

postpone the detailed description of the Penang species, (and of another new

one from Sikkim), together with their anatomy, which requires a careful

comparison with that of Vaginulus and Onchidium, of each of which I will

have to describe several interesting new forms.

Explanation of plates.

Plate I.

Figs. 1—3. Rhysota Cymatium, (Benson), p. 11; a young, an adolescent and an

adult shell.

» 4—7. Rotula bijuga, n. sp., p. 14; four full grown specimens, variable in the

height of the spire.

» 8. Sitala carinifera, n. sp.,p. 16; 8, natural size; 8a, 8b, 8c, enlarged

views.

oh 9. Macrochlamys stephoides, n. sp., p. 17; three views in natural size.

7 10. Microcystis palmicola, n. sp., p. 18; 10, natural size ; 10a, 10b, 10c,

three views enlarged.

» 11. Helicarion permolle, n. sp., p. 18 ; 11, twice the natural size; lla, 11b,

lic, 11d, views in natural size.

” 12. Vitrina nucleata, n. sp., p. 23 ; 12, front view in twice the natural size ;

12a, 12b, 12c, three views in natural size.

9 13. Trochomorpha Cantoriana, (Benson), p. 22 ; three views in natural size.

», 14—16. a castra, (Benson), p. 21; 14, 14a, 14b, three views in na-

tural size ; 15, side view of a specimen from Calcutta ; 16 and l6a,

top and lower views of a Darjiling specimen.

“s 17. Timorensis, Mart., p. 22; four views in natural size,

Plate IT.

Figs. 1—3. Fruticicola similaris, Fér., p. 26. ~

oe 4—6. Vitrina nucleata, Stol., p. 23 ; 4a, represents the side view of the proble-

matic amatorial organ enclosed in the bursa seminalis.

” 7—9. Trochomorpha castra, (Benson), p. 21.

10—12. 4 Timorensis, Mart. ; p. 22.

» 18—15. Rhysota cymatium, (Bens.) ; p. 11.

» 16—18. Rotula bijuga, n. sp., p. 14,

», 19—20. Macrochlamys stephoides, un. sp., p. 17.

3» 21—30. Helicarion permolle, n. sp., p. 18.

All the figures are enlarged; the measurements in natural size are given in the

text referred to.

4—6,

7—8.

9—14,

15-17.

18—20.

F. Stoliczka—Land-shells of Penang Island. [No. 1,

Plate IIL. - |

Trachia Penangensis, n. sp., p. 24; three views in natural size,

Pupa | Pupisoma] orcella, n. sp., p. 33 ; 2, natural size, 2a, 2b, enlarged.

Pupa [Scopelophila} palmira, n, sp., p. 32; 3, natural size, and two

views enlarged.

Clausilia | Phedusa} Penangensis, n. sp., p. 27; 4, 4a, attenuated var. ;

5, elongately fusiform var.; 6, 6a, fusiform variety ; all figures in

natural size.

Clausilia [ Phedusa] filicostata, n. sp., p. 28; views of two different

specimens in natural size,

Philomicus pictus, n. sp,, p. 30; 9, 9a, 9b, three views taken from a

specimen in spirit ; 10 and 11, two views of the same specimen in

different states of expansion, taken from life; all these figures are

in natural size, but the other figures, representing the genital

organs, the jaw and teeth, are enlarged.

Clausilia Penangensis, vide p. 27.

Trachia Penangensis, vide p. 24,

Explanation of the letters used on pl. II and III.

ho = hermaphrodite opening.

ut = uterus.

al = albuminous gland.

vd == vas deferens,

ag == amatorial gland.

Hn nn a a a

penis.

retractile muscle.

receptaculum seminis.

pulmonary Opening.

inner, or posterior, angle of mouth.

peripherical angle,

umbilicus,

right shell-lobe.

», neck lobe,

left shell lobe.

In = left neck lobe.

The smail letters below the teeth refer to the distance of each tooth from the

respective central tooth in each series,

MLIL, Pt, 1673S.

Bengal, Vod:

: Soc

tL,

WOOD-MASON, Journ

Ferra yrecctesesciensss

Br aa

a2,

Sr Wasarieeee,,

tet ir pas

See

Rises

STARE LE IS Re «

Nephropsis Stewart, (see p.44.)

Src

Sere

ee ery

1873.] 39

On Nepuropsis STEWARTI, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MACRUROUS

CRUSTACEANS, DREDGED IN DEEP WATER OFF THE EASTERN COAST OF

THE ANDAMAN Istanps,—by Jas. Woop-Mason.

(Read 7th August, 1872, received 16th January, 1873).

[With plate IV.]

In April of last year, I was deputed by the Trustees of the Indian

Museum, with the sanction of the Government of India, to proceed to the

Andaman Islands for the purpose of making a collection illustrative of

the marine fauna of that part of the sea of Bengal in which those islands

are situated. I reached Port Blair about the 6th of April, and immediately

put myself in communication with the Chief Commissioner, who at once

placed at my disposal a well-manned boat and a small steam-launch, with

which I dredged for nearly two months with much success from low-water

line down to near 50 fathoms. Towards the end of my stay, General Stew-

art knowing my intense desire to try my fortune in deeper water, placed at

my disposal for one day the 8. S. “ Undaunted” which had been recently armed

and put into commission for service as a guard ship. The time allowed was

short, but sufficiently long to enable me to bring away samples of the life

supported by the sea-bed at, and beyond, the 100 fathoms’ line, and to ascer-

tain that the sea-bed was uniformly covered with a thick deposit of fine

olive-coloured mud derived from the waste of the coral-reefs and of the

sandstone and serpentine rocks of the islands.* This mud was not

very productive, yielding only a few annelids, but was crowded with dead

shells of Pteropods and Dentaliwm and with fragments of a large Bra-

chiopod.

Tt was in the last cast of the dredge that I had the good fortune to

capture the interesting addition to the crustacean fauna of these seas, de-

scribed in the following pages. It is closely allied to Nephrops Norvegicus

of northern European seas, so closely allied, indeed, that were it not for the

absence of the squamiform appendage of the antenne, I should be under the

necessity of placing it in the same genus as a second species. The absence

of this appendage, however, leaves me no choice but to establish a new genus

for its reception..

* The following rough analysis by Mr. Tween, the chemist of the Geological Sur-

vey of India, will show the proportion of insoluble matter : |

Soluble imekh Cl mostly Ca, O.Co,, tives tases scoweeossinay sas consnsiese, | Aa

MBO PMS CAG. AINE GAIA y) vosnesisal nn ovadysoed apedes ones sonée Weacn evn) JCMS

—__..

100°0

40 J. Wood-Mason—On Nephropsis Stewarti. [No. 1,

The discovery in these warm seas of a very near, of the nearest ally in

fact, of so characteristic a cold-water species, remarkable though it is, will

not appear so surprising when I mention the fact that my crustacean lived

and burrowed in the mud of the sea-bed at a depth of nearly 300 fathoms in

a temperature not certainly exceeding 50° Fahr.

One of the chief points of interest attaching to this new form lies in

the loss of its organs of vision by disuse, as in Calocaris Mac Andrewee, Bell,

in Cambarus pellucidus—a member of the same family as that to which WVe-

phropsis belongs—and in the other crustaceans and animals inhabiting the

caves of Carniola and Kentucky. I not only agree with Mr. Darwin* in

attributing the loss of the eyes to disuse, but I also regard the great length

and delicacy of the antennz, and the great development of the auditory

organs as modifications effected by natural selection in compensation for

blindness.}

NEPHROPSIS, gen. nov.

Diag. Antennal scale absent.

NeEpropsis StEwartTt, sp. nov. Pl. IV.

Body covered with fine rounded tubercles and with a short but dense

pubescence. ‘The carapace is sub-ovoid, armed on each side, just externally

to the base of the rostrum, and behind the anterior margin, with an acute

forwardly directed spine ; a similar spine springs from each side of the ante-

rior margin itself at about the level of the upper surface of the antennal

peduncle ; the basis of each of these two spines is confluent with a conspicu-

ous convexity to be seen just behind it ; immediately in front of each of

these convexities lies a smooth, slightly excavated surface bounded in front

by a curvilinear row of tubercles. The cervical suture, dividing the carapace

into an anterior or cephalostegal, and into a posterior or omostegal portion,

is broad and deeply impressed mesially and laterally, until it reaches the level

* Origin of Species, 5th Edit., pp. 171-173.

+ Since these remarks appeared in the abstract of my paper (Proc. Asiat. Soe.

Ben, viii, 1872, p. 151) Dr. Hagen’s Monograph of N. American Astacide has

reached Calcutta, and from it I give the following extract, on account of its obvious

applicability to the species here described, merely remarking that the perusal of

it led me to note also the stoutness of the rostrum and the great development of

the cephalostegal spines in Nephropsis as compared with the slenderness of the

one and the minuteness of the others in Nephrops: * But it seems to be a somewhat

well recognized law in nature (Rathke, Metamorph. Retrograd., p. 135) that if any

part is atrophied, or stopped in development, the nearest parts slow an abnormal in-

crease of development. This is apparently the case in C. pellucidus; the eyes are

atrophied, and the rostrum, the fore border of the cephalothorax, the antennal lamina,

the basal joint of the inner antennz, and the epistoma are altered or largely deve-

joped,” Op. Cit. 34.

1873. ] J: Wood-Mason—On Nephropsis Stewarti. 41

of the anterior margin of the epistoma when it bends boldly upwards and

backwards upon itself passing into the well-defined semicircular depression that

bounds the lateral convexities described above. The cardiac region 1s broader

than long, very convex transversely and bounded on each side by a densely-tu-

berculated elevation which running backwards, downwards, and forwards along

the line of the granulated rim of the branchiostegite, and finally bending

upwards almost opposite the origin of the second pair of abdominal appen-

dages, passes again into the swollen anterior boundary of the omostegite ;

the ovoidal area thus limited off is more sparsely beset with tubercles and

presents a marked depression on its anterior half.

The rostrum carries on each side a most acute spine directed upwards

and forwards, and curved slightly inwards ; and above presents two roughly

granulated ridges coalescent towards the tip but divergent at the base ;

beyond the spines it 1s canaliculate on each side, above and below, and each

lateral ridge is fringed with long hairs ; below it is carinated and coarsely

granulated at the base. A faint linear impression, continuous with the

groove between the ridges on the rostrum, passes along the middle line of

the carapace almost to its posterior border ; situated in this line, and marking

the anterior limit of the convex gastric region, lies an almost erect spiniform

tubercle.

Antenne and antennules.—The peduncles of these appendages lie as

in Nephrops Norvegicus in the same horizontal line, and their inner margins

are ciliate. ‘The basal joint, or coxocerite, of the former is extremely short,

and wants the apical spine in Vephrops, but the perforated conical process

on its inferior surface is remarkably salient ; the second is devoid both of

the prominent spine into which, in Nephrops, its distal and external angle

is produced, and of the squamiform appendage or scale seen in all the other

recognized genera of <Astacide,* and developed to such an extraordinary

degree in Carideous Crustacea ; one or two small folds or impressions between,

or upon, the second and fourth joints being all that remains of the antennal

scale, and of the rudimentary joint that in Mephrops corresponds to the

moveable spine of Astacus.t

_ * The antennal scale in Astacoides escaped the notice of Guérin who founded his

genus on its supposed absence.

+ There appears to be no doubt but that the antennal scale is the representa-

tive of the outer of the two appendages borne upon the protopodite at an early

stage of embryonic life, and, if the moveable spine in Astacus and its undoubted

homologue in the antennz of Nephrops represent the inner of these appendages, then

must the three distal joints of the peduncle with the flayellum be looked upon, as Dr,

Fritz Miller looks upon them, as a new formation (Neubildung) and no longer as_ be-

ing in serial homology with the five distal joints of the other appendages, e. g., of an

ambulatory leg, which represent the endopodite, the exopodite being completely ab-

orted or represented at most, as Rollestou remarks, by the annular constriction on

42 J. Wood-Mason—On Nephropsis Stewarti. [No. 1,

The flagella of the antenne are remarkably long and of excessive fineness

at their extremities. ,

The basal joint of the antennules has its upper surface greatly inflated,

owing to the remarkable development of the auditory organ to which, in most

Podophthalmatous Crustacea at any rate,* this joint gives lodgment ; and the

almost globular appearance of the joint as seen from the side contrasts strong-

ly with the flatness of its upper surface in Nephrops or Astacus. Of the two

remaining joints of the antennulary peduncle, the first is short and cylindri-

cal, being less than half the length of the last which in Nephrops is short

and equal to that which precedes it. The peduncle terminates in the usual

manner in a double flagellum, the outer branch of which is conspicuously

stouter than its filamentous and cylindrical fellow, perceptibly compressed,

and thickly fringed below with short hairs along its distal third.

The epistoma is much the same as in Vephrops, save that its posterior

edge is straight and presents two small tubercles which give it the appear-

ance of being slightly roundly-emarginate in the middle.

The external macillipeds and the parts of the mouth in front of them

are identical in structure with those of Nephrops.

The eyes are completely rudimentary, neither pigment nor corneal mem-

brane being developed ; the peduncles indeed are present, but even these are

short, subeylindrical, mere aborted structures, concealed entirely from view

by the stout base of the overhanging rostrum ; in spirit they have become

perfectly blanched like the rest of the spandaBeR: but in life the delicate

rose-pink coloration of the animal extended itself to their very tips. The

peduncles are far less conspicuous from the side view than represented in the

plate. .

The first pair of abdominal appendages, those which bear the great

chele, are unfortunately absent, the specimen having lost its claws a consi-

derable period previous to its capture, as the presence of uncalcified reproduced

rudiments of these appendages indicates; the other legs are smooth and

slender ; the second and third pairs are didactyle ; of these the former has

both its upper and lower margins, from the base of the carpopodite to the

extremity of the claws, fringed with long hairs; the latter, much the slenderer

as well as the longer of the two, has its propodite greatly elongated, and its

claws only are ciliated. The fourth pair, the longest of all and ciliated only

on the outer face of the dactylopodite, and the fifth, about as long as the

second pair, are monodactyle,

the ischiopodite. For the facts relating to the transformation of the embryonic exopo-

dite into the antennal scale‘ of the Prawn pari passu with the budding out of the

flagellum and the abortion of the endopodite, vide Fritz Miuller’s admirable essay on

the development of the crustacea entitled ‘‘ Fir Darwin,” p. 41, fig. 31,

* The caudal ear of Mysis forms an exception to this.

1873. ] J. Wood-Mason—On Nephropsis Stewarti. 43

The last abdominal somite is immoveably united to that which precedes

it as in Vephrops and the common Lobster ;* and the sternum is linear as in

the Astacide generally.

Post-abdomen.—TVhe post-abdomen is gradually attenuated to the

extremity of the telson. The appendages of its first somite are as complete-

ly rudimentary as they are in the female of Nephrops Norvegicus ;+ those

which follow are long and slender, their foliaceous branches being very nar-

row, produced to a sharp point, and fringed with excessively long cilia. All

the terga are covered with minute rounded tubercles, and present at their

anterior ends, just behind the tergal facets, a broad smooth transverse groove

with its hinder margin convex backwards.

The pleuron of the first somite is precisely similar to that of Mephrops

Norvegicus, hut those of the remaining somites are even more acutely trian-

gular than in that species, and have their margins denticulate and furnished

with a fringe of long cilia. - In all the somites, with the single exception of

the first, the tergal and pleural regions are*most sharply defined as such, the

former not curving continuously with the latter but terminating abruptly

at the level of the ventral chords in a line convex outwards; so that, if a

somite were detached, deprived of its ventral chord and flattened out on the

table with its dorsal surface uppermost, the imaginary continuation from

pleuron to pleuron of the plane in which these pleura laid, would pass below

that of the surface of the tergum.

The ‘ swimmeret’ constituted as in all other Macrurous Crustacea by

the highly modified and backwardly placed appendages of the last postabdo-

minal somite and by the ‘ ¢elson,’ differs in no particular of more than speci-

fic value from that of Nephrops ; the mesial element, or ¢elson, is longer in

proportion to its breadth, its greatest breadth, being a transverse line separat-

ing its anterior from its middle third, and not at the base as in Vephrops, is

slightly more truncate posteriorly, and the oblique rounded elevations, that

gradually narrow as they pass backwards into the spines at its postero-

* On characters furnished by the claws alone Dana artificially divides the recog-

nized genera of Astacide into two groups, typified respectively by Astacus and Ne-

phrops; the first of these is further subdivided according to the number of the

branchiz and the mobility or immobility of the last abdominal somite. But no men-

tion is made of the fact that this is firmly fixed in Neplrops too. If Paranephrops,

a genus including only freshwater forms, should turn out to have a mobile last abdo-

minal somite, then we shall have this curious fact presented to us, viz., that all

those members of the family Astacidé which live in freshwater or are terrestrial (En-

geus) have this somite moveably united by membrane only to that which precedes,

while those of them that are marine have it fixedly united to the rest of the sternum,

+ The ventral plates of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th postabdominal somites in the males

of Nephrops Norvegicus have an erect spine in the middle line, but the females exhibit

no trace of such,

44. J. Wood-Mason—On Nephropsis Stewarti. [No. 1,

jateral angles, are stronger than in Nephrops. The outer plate of the lateral

elements of the swimmeret is moveably articulated at its posterior third

as in the rest of the Astacide, but the sutural line is curved and the posterior

margin of the proximal and larger division exhibits hardly a trace of the

overlapping denticulations seen in other Astacide.

Length from tip of rostrum to the posterior margin of telson, .... 98 mm.

Length of carapace in middle line, .,.....sccscecsececes osvee 42 mm:

9 55) POstabdomesy. J. HA Ls. digi at CAtsG ating s oo oo tees VOU OEE

therefore the postabdomen : carapace (rostrum incl.) :: 13 : 1 exactly.

and the length of body: -that of postabdomen ::1$:1 ,,

The only specimen (a female) obtained was dredged in from 260 to 300

fathoms about 25 miles off Ross Island on the eastern coast of the Anda-

mans. That the specimen was really brought up from this great depth is

certain from the unmistakeable signs of crushing from contact with the lip

of the dredge, from its position in the dredge bag and from its firmly ad-

herent greenish coating which appears to indicate that like Calocaris Mac-

Andrewee it was a burrower.

In conclusion I have to thank Captain Beresford, the commander of the

vessel, for his skilful management of the sounding-line and for the zeal display-

ed by him in carrying out my wishes during our too short cruise.

I have much pleasure in connecting with this extremely interesting

species the name of Major General Donald M. Stewart, C. B., Chief-Com-

missioner of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, to whose ever ready help

the success of my trip was so largely due.

Explanation of Plate IV.

Fig. 1. Nephropsis Stewarti, 3, nat. size.

Fig. 2. Upper view of carapace of the same.

Fig. 3. Swimmeret of WV. Sfewartz.

Fig. 4. | », Nephrops Norvegicus.

Fig. 5. Inferior view of antennary region of NV. Stewartz.

Fig. 6. * 3 r¢ ” » ~LWV. Norvegicus.

Fig. 7. Sternal region of WV. Stewart.

Fig. 8. 4 » 9» WV. Norvegicus.

eee”

;

PL: Vit

_ J.WOOD-MASON..Journ:Asiat:Soc: Bengal, Vol:XLIl, Pt:11, 1873.

[

Fig: 3. B. Westwood, p. 50.

For farther explanadion seep.56.

Fig: 1-2.B. Artemis, p. 51.

PU: VIL.

J. WOOD-MASON.. Journ:Asiat: Soc: Bengal, Vol: XLU, Pt:II, 1873.

wR,

‘2-3.B. hrsptdulus , p. #7.

For further explamnsdaon seep. 56.

Fw. 1. B. scabriugculus, p-55. Fu

1873.] 45

ON NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES OF PHASMID™. Parr I,—CGenus

Bacillus,—by James Woop-Mason of Queen’s College, Oxford.

(Read 7th August, 1872; received February 9th, 1873).

[With plates V, VI and VII. ]

The difficulties that have hitherto defied all attempts at anything like

a philosophical and natural classification of this interesting and truly

remarkable family of Orthopterous Insects, although in a great measure due

to the extraordinary extent to which protective modification has involved all

parts of the body throughout the group, must be in part, at any rate, ascrib-

ed to our ignorance in so many cases of the opposite sexes of the species ; and

the discovery that Acanthoderus lacertinus, Westw. is the female of Lonchodes

luteoviridis of the same author, renders it extremely probable that these lat-

ter difficulties will be found to be further complicated by other cases of the

same nature. As instances of the value of a knowledge of the opposite sexes

in the limitation of genera, I need only adduce the fact that the capture of

Acanthoderus bicoronatus, West., and Acanthoderus semiarmatus, Westw.,

in copuld with their respective males will necessitate the removal of those

species, together with their allies, to the genus Lonchodes. Thus at the very

outset of my researches, I am enabled, by the inestimable advantage of a resi-

dence in the great distributional area or metropolis of the family, to with-

draw from a genus some of the most bizarre of its extremely heterogeneous

contents. Since the publication in 1859 of Professor Westwood’s classical

Monograph of the family, a large number of new or imperfectly known spe-

cies has been described or remarked upon by various authors,* but chiefly by

*# Giebel, Zeitschrift fir d. gesammt. Naturwissensch. xviii, p. 113.

Stil, Ofversigt af Kon. Vetensk. Akad. Forhand. xv, p, 308.

_—Coquerel, Ann. Soc. Entom. Fr. 1861, p. 495, pl. 9, fig. 1; Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr,

1866, pp. xxiii-xxiv.

Westwood, Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond, 1864, p. 16; Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. de Ser, t. iv,

pl. 6. ;

Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., iii, p. 409.

Philippi, Stettin Ent. Zeit. 1865, p. 64.

Murray, Ann. and Mag. N. H. 3rd Ser. xviii, p. 265-268,

Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1866, pp. 577-578.

Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xii, pp. 99 and 340.

Lucas, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 4me Série, t. ix, Bulletin, p. xxv.

Gerstwcker, Archiv fiir Naturgesch. xxxv, p. 211.

46 J. Wood-Mason—Species of Phasmide. [No. 1,

Bates,* de Saussure} and Kaup{ whom I mention by name on account of the

extent and of the extreme value of their contributions. These numerous

additions will be enumerated under the genera to which they belong.

Genus 1.—Bacrriivs, Latr.

Eleven new species have been referred to this genus since the appear-

ance of Professor Westwood’s monograph ; of these one, viz., B. patellifer,

Bates, is nearly certainly identical with B. ? Artemis, Westw., and two others,

viz. B. gramineus and aspericollis, Bates, are most probably, as indeed the

author of those species himself suspects, the opposite sexes of one species.

The necessary deductions being made, eight remain, which, added together

with those described below to the thirty-eight recognized by Westwood,

bring up the total of known species of Bacillus to fifty-five.

BACILLUS FUSCOLINEATUS, n. sp. Pl. V. Fig. 7.

$ Extremely slender, filiform, cylindrical. Antenne of the length of

the metathorax, 17-jointed ; first joint depressed but not expanded, carinate

above, with sub-parallel margins, the inner one of which is raised; second

joint nearly twice as long as broad, sub-depressed ; the rest filiform. Head

scarcely narrowed from the eyes ; a brown streak passes from the eye along

* Descriptions of Fifty-two New Species of Phasmide, with Remarks on the

Family, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. xxv, pt. I, pp. 321-359, pl. xliv, xly.

+ Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1859.

Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de Fr. iv, Sér.

Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861.

Phasmidarum noy. species nonnulle. Rev. et Mag. de Zool, 1868. pp. 63-70.

Mélanges Orthoptérologiques, 2me Fasc. Mém. Soc. Phys. de Genéve, xx, pt. 1, pp.

227-326, pl. 2, 3. j

{ Ueber die Hier der Phasmiden. Berlin Entomologische Zeitschrift, Vol. 15, 1870,

Neue Phasmidez.

Bacillus (Ramulus) Humberti, 2, (== Lonchodes sp.) Saussure, Ann. Soc. Ente

Fr. 1861, p. 469. Hab. Ceylon.

Bacillus (Baculum) ramosus, 2? , Sauss. Revue de Zool. 1861, 128, et Mél. Orth.

Fasc. II,p 114. Hab. Brazil. (?)

Bacillus carinulatus, Sauss. ¢ 9, Revue de Zool. 1868, 63.1. et Mél. Orth. 1869.

Fase. II, p. III, Pl. Il, fig. 1. 9 Hab. Ceylon,

Bacillus gramineus, Bates, ¢ Trans. Lin, Soc. Lond. 1865, pt. I, p. 326, pl. xliv,

fig. 4. Hab, Natal.

Bacillus aspericollis, Bates, 2,1. c., p. 327. Hab. Natal.

Bacillus Guenzti, Bates, d 1. c., p. 327, Pl. xliv, f. 14 a. Hab. Natal.

Bacillus patellifer, Bates, 9 (? = Bacillus ? Artemis, Westwood), l. c., p. 828. Hab.

Darjiling!!!

Bacillus Scytale, Bates, 2, l.c., p. 328, pl. xliv, fig. 9. Hab. Ceylon.

Bacillus leprosus, Gerst, 9, Arch. fiir Naturgesch. xxxv, p. 211. Hab. Zanzibar.

Bacillus Gerhardii, Kaup, ¢, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, 1866. Hab. New Zealand.

Bacillus Geisovii, g, Kaup, loc. cit., » ”

1873. ] J. Wood-Mason—Species of Phasmide. A7

each side of the body as far as the commencement of the fourth abdominal

segment where it becomes somewhat interrupted; the interval between

this line andthe margins of the dorsal ares of the body is silvery white ;

below, the insect is of an uniform light yellowish green ; above, between the

brown lateral lines, darker green ; the meso- and meta-notum are indistinctly

carinate down the middle, and under a moderately powerful lens appear to

be marked with delicate wavy transverse strie; the striation becomes less

distinct on the abdominal segments. The abdomen is slightly expanded

at the junction of its 4th and 5th segments from which latter it sensibly

decreases in width to the apex ofthe seventh, whence it widens to a trifling

extent ; seventh segment equal to about 13 times the 8th, exactly twice

as long as the 9th which is obtusely rounded at the extremity and above

presents a median and two lateral less distinct ridges ; these latter curve

inwards at their apical ends, enclosing a shield-shaped area. Posterior

margin of the terminal ventral segment slightly emarginate.

Legs simple, of excessive tenuity ; anterior very slightly longer than

the posterior pair; intermediate shorter by the length of their own tibia

than the former. Cerci long, obtuse, porrected beyond the apex of the ab-

domen, slightly forcipated.and grooved at the sides.

Total length 22 lines; head 12, prothorax 1, mesothorax 44, meta-

thorax: 34, abdomen 94 + 24 = 112; antenne 33.

Hab. Murree, Panjab. One specimen collected by Dr. W. Waagen.

BacILLUS HISPIDULUS, n. sp. Pl. VIT. Figs. 2-3.

6 Filiform, slender, sordid, with a dark-green median dorsal streak,

extending from the apex of the mesothorax to the extremity of the abdomen.

Head sub-ovate, with the sides slightly convergent posteriorly, antenne 16-

jointed, joints very distinct; first joint depressed but not expanded ; second

twice as long as broad, cylindrical, its proximal end the broader. Mesothorax

hardly narrower in front than behind. Meso- and meta-notum with a

raised median line and a few minute tubercles on their lateral margins.

Abdomen cylindrical and filiform to the apex of the 6th segment, whence

it suddenly expands to the junction of the 7th and 8th, whence it narrows to

its truncate extremity which appears to be constricted between the 8th and

9th segments ; six basal segments slightly expanded at their articular ends ;

9th segment strongly carinate ; the cerci curved and projecting at its postero-

lateral angles.

Legs long, slender, and simple; first joint of anterior tarsi greatly

elongated ; rather more than twice as long as the remaining joints taken

together. .

Total length 243 lines, antenne 4, head 1}, proth. 1, mesoth. 53,

metath. 4¢, abd. 10¢ + 24 = 123 lines.

48 J. Wood-Mason—Species of Phasmide. [No. 1,

@ Much more robust, with a well-defined median raised dorsal line

along the whole length of the body, antenne absolutely shorter than those

of the male, but with the basal joint strongly carinate and more expanded.

The mesothorax is visibly attenuated in front from the commencement of

its apical third, meso- and meta-notum with a few minute warts along their

lateral margins ; meso- and meta-sternum with a few similar warts scattered

over their surface.

The abdomen is sub-fusiform, depressed to the apex of the 6th segment,

and has a distinct ridge, which can also be detected on the thorax, running

internally and parallel to the lateral margins of all its dorsal segments

except the last ; its five posterior segments have another ridge on each side

midway between their sides and the median ridge. The posterior margin

of the sixth ventral is produced in the middle into a sharp spine with a

broad base. The seventh segment is nearly as long as the two last together ;

these are subequal. The last is subtruncate at its extremity beyond which

projects a small triangular azygos plate carinated above. Cerci, in form of a

tall four-sided pyramid with its angles rounded, project at the postero-lateral

angles of last segment.

Operculm spatulate in outline and flat below, with a broadly rounded

extremity, not extending beyond the middle of the last segment.

First joint of tarsus in anterior legs as in the male. The body is

covered with very short setz in both sexes.

Total length, 34 lines, ant. 33, head 24, proth. 14, mesoth. 77, metath.

5i, abd. 153 + 25 = 172 lines.

Hab.—South Andaman. Three males and three females, of which two

were taken im copuld.

I have received from Dr. Stoliezka, who obtained it from the Arakan

coast, an insect differing from the male insect above described only in its

greater length, in the absence of tubercles on the thorax, and in having two

more joints to the antenne ; the measurements are as follows:

Total length 32 lines: ant. 6, head 14, proth. 13, mesoth. 72, metath.

6, abd. 18 + 2$ == 152 lines.

BAcILLUS OXYTENES, n. sp. Pl. V. Fig. 3.

2 Excessively long and slender. Head unarmed, narrow, almost cylin-

drical, being but slightly broader in front than posteriorly, notched behind in

middle. Antenne 28- jointed, as long as the terminal segment of the

abdomen ; first joint depressed, carinated above and expanded, second longer

than broad, also depressed. Mesothorax much longer than the metathorax,

sparsely granulated above and below, slightly expanded at the insertion of

the legs, otherwise of perfectly uniform width ; meta-thorax with only a few

scattered granules above and below; meso- and meta-notum with a dark

raised mesial line. Abdomen long, perfectly smooth, very gradually and

1873. ] J. Wood-Mason—Species of Phasmide. 49

regularly attenuated from its base to its almost indescribably acute, deeply-

eleft, slightly recurved, and strongly compressed extremity. The seventh

segment is hardly twice as long as the 8th, which is about a fifth of the

length of the last ; this has a perceptible upward curvature and is cleft nearly

to the insertion of the minute conical cerc?. ‘The operculum is subdepressed,

acutely pointed at the extremity, carinated below and reaches the commence-

ment of the middle third of the last segment, where the cerci are inserted.

Legs long, but rather stout as compared with the body, triquetrous ;

the fore femora are serrated for more than two-thirds of the length of the

straight portion, intermediate femora with two or three triangular spines

close together above near the base; posterior ones with one ortwo. Tibiz

with a well defined but not very salient foliaceous carina below ; four

posterior ones with minute spinules on all their crests. The right middle

leg is a reproduced limb, having but four joints to the tarsus and a single

spine on the femur.

Total length of the body 4 in. 9 lines; antennze 64: head 23; proth.

2; mesoth. 113; metath. 82; abdomen 234 + 10 = 333 lines.

Abdomen : rest of body:: 14255 &e.: 1.

Hab.—Pegu Yomah, collected by Mr. S. Kurz, the botanist at the

Calcutta Botanic Garden, during his recent botanical tour through Burma,

and the Tenasserim Provinces.

In the form of the terminal segments of the body, this species ap-

proaches B. Regulus, Westw. Q (Cat. p. 8, Pl. XXIT).

BacitLvus Lavieatus, Pl. V. Fig. 4.

2 Very slender and cylindrical and smooth. The head is armed with two

minute blunt erect spines between the eyes, and is slightly narrowed behind ;

its posterior margin with 3 or 4 notches. Antenne exactly half the length of

the mesothorax ; first joint depressed and somewhat expanded, feebly carinate

above, its outer margin more convex than the inner; second joint fully as

broad as long, depressed.

Abdomen extremely long and slender, tapering very gradually to the

apex of the seventh segment; whence it very slightly expands to the basal

half of the last which suddenly narrows to its extremity ; this is divided

by a short cleft into rounded tips. 7th dorsal segment equal to 8th, half as

long as the last which is carinate above. Cerci pointed. Operculum narrow

depressed, obtusely pointed, reaching the end of basal third of last segment.

Legs simple; anterior pair tolerably long; anterior femora serrated

for three-fourth of the length of upper crest. The first joint of anterior

tarsi is twice the length of its homologue in the intermediate legs, which is

rather shorter than that of the posterior legs.

50 J. Wood-Mason—Species of Phasmide. [No. 1,

Total length of body 2 in. 10 lin, ant. 34, head 1$, proth. 14, mesoth.

61, metath. 5, abd. 152 + 32 — 192 lines.

Hab.—Samagooting, Naga Hills, Assam, One immature specimen

collected by Capt.in Butler. This species is closely allied to B. Westwoodit,

Baciztus Westwooptt, n, sp. Pl. VI. Fig. 3.

? Elongate, slender, sub-cylindrical, convex. Head narrowed from the

eyes to the base, with its sides slightly convex, armed between the eyes with

two forwardly and slightly outwardly directed spines ; and with its posterior

margin faintly notched in the middle and on each side. Antenne more than

half as long as the mesothorax, from 21 to 26-jointed ; first joint carinated

above and depressed but not expanded ; second joint nearly as broad as long ;

the rest filiform with the exception of the last which is thickened at the tip.

Mesothorax slightly narrowed in front and, with the metathorax, somewhat

expanded at the insertion of the legs. The abdomen is narrowed from the

base to the .apex of the first segment, expands again to the apex of the

second, maintains pretty much an uniform width for the next two or

three segments and finally gradually tapers toa point. The seventh dorsal

segment is twice the length of the eighth, but hardly exceeds the last. This

is cleft and slightly compressed at the extremity. The operculum is some-

what boat-shaped, below strongly carinate for its posterior half, and comes

into such close and complete opposition with the margins of the terminal

dorsal segments, with which it is coincident, as to conceal from view

the genital parts, permitting only the tips of the cerci to emerge. Legs

triquetrous, their edges beset with short cilia; straight portion of upper

edge of fore femora serrated nearly to the apical end; the intermediate and

hind femora have a triangular spine below at the apex ; all the tibiz have a

foliaceous carina arising near the base and gradually subsiding towards the

apex; the posterior ones have sometimes a triangular foliaceous spine

near the base above; the intermediate ones sometimes one, two or none.

Tarsi triquetrous ; first joint of the anterior pair as long as the others taken

together ; in the other legs it is not nearly as long as the united lengths of

the remaining joints.

Total length of the body 4 in. 8 lines, antennze 6}, head 23, proth.

2, mesoth. 11, metath. 8, abdomen 274 + 53 = 33.

Abdomen : rest of body:: 1:4042: 1.

In the specimen described, the intermediate legs when stretched straight

backwards, reach to the commencement of the posterior third of the fourth

abdominal segment, the posterior legs to the cerc: anales; in other

specimens the intermediate legs extend rather beyond the fourth segment,

and the posterior ones beyond the extremity of the abdomen.

Hab.—Nine adult and three immature females were captured by my

1873.] J. Wood-Mason—Species of Phasmide. 51

private collector during the months of August, September and October last

in the neighbourhood of Port Blair on South Andaman. An immature

insect collected by Mr. Homfray at Camorta, Nicobar Islands, differs so

slightly from larve, beyond doubt belonging to the present species, that I

hesitate to give it another name.

Bacrirvs (Bacutum) Artemis, Westwood. Pl. VI. Figs. 1-2.

Bacillus ? Artemis, 9, Westwood, Cat. ag Orthopterous Insects in the British

Mus., 1859, Pt. I, Phasmide, p. 10, pl. xxvi, fig, 9, 9a.

B. patellifer, Bates, Q, Trans. Lin. Soc. London, 1865, Vol. xxv, Pt. I, p. 328.

Numerous specimens of an insect remarkably abundant in the moist,

deep valleys of Sikkim, in Cachar, in the Bhutan Doars and at Samagooting

in the Naga Hills, agree in everv respect both with Bates’ description of

B. patellifer and with Bacillus? Artemis described and figured by Prof.

Westwood from a dried and mutilated example now in the Hopeian collection

at Oxford. The comparison of dried specimens in my possession with

Westwood’s figures shows that the compression of the three terminal seg-

ments is mainly, and that the depression and enlargement posteriorly of

the sixth dorsal are entirely effects of drying. Bates omits to mention

that the terminal dorsal segment is grooved above in the middle line, and

that the emargination in its posterior border is occupied by a small carinated

azygos plate with a rounded hinder margin ; the state of preservation of

Prof. Westwood’s specimen may probably account for his omission to men-

tion not only these points but even the emargination itself. The following

are the dimensions of a specimen from the Naga Hills figured on plate vi.

Total length 4 in. 5 lines, ant. 7 lines (25-jointed), head 23, proth.

2, mesoth. 104, metath. 8, abd. 2 in. OF line + 6 = 2 in. 63.

A variety found in all the districts mentioned above with the excep-

tion of the Bhutan Doars is figured side by side with the typical form on

the same plate as showing the value of the armature of the legs unsupported

by other characters in making a species ; almost every gradation from the

extremely acanthophyllous and spinose condition of the legs there depicted

to their almost completely unarmed condition in fig. 1 being to be met with.

Fig. 2 a, 2 b, 2 c may represent the same parts of fig. 1.

Bacriivus (BAcvLuM) INsIGNIsS, n. sp. Pl. V. Figs. 1-2.

9 Extremely robust, greatly elongated, subcylindrical, convex. Head

remarkably stout, conspicuously narrowed from the eyes to the base, the

sides being almost straight, armed between the eyes with two stout-based,

acuminate, forwardly-directed and incurved spines or horns, notched

posteriorly in the middle. Antenne 25-jointed; basal joint depressed,

expanded, and carinated above. Mesothorax gradually attenuated from the

52 J. Wood-Mason—Species of Phasmida. [No. 1,

base forwards ; metathorax of uniform width; both are marked above with

a fine raised median line which is continued on to three or four of the

basal segments of the abdomen.

The abdomen is attenuated from the base of its third segment to the

extremity. The three terminal segments are compressed ; the first of these

is twice as long as the second; the second 13 times as long as the last

which is grooved above in the middle line and has its posterior margin divided

into two rounded lobes by a narrow fissure filled by the median carina of

a small azygos plate ; the upper contour of this last segment meets that of

the preceding at avery obtuse angle. The operculum extends about one

line beyond the abdomen ; its posterior half is greatly compressed, so much

so at its sub-truncate extremity that its opposite inner faces are in complete

contact. Oerci minute, conical, their tips alone projecting slightly between

the posterior and middle thirds of the last abdominal segment.

Legs stout, triquetrous ; upper and lower crests of fore femora in-

conspicuously serrate towards the base ; the intermediate femora are curved,

their upper margin forming the convex curvature, and below at the base present

two conspicuous divergent foliaceous expansions with rounded free margins,

one springing from each crest and a conical spine at the apex; the posterior

femora are but feebly curved and exhibit but a faint indication of these

foliaceous lobes, and have alsoaspine at the apex below; all four posterior

femora appear to be regularly tricarinate above, owing to the very close

approximation of their two upper crests. The intermediate tibie have a

large foliaceous lobe like a tooth of a saw near the base above, which is

much reduced or even absent in the posterior pair ; all the tibiz have a sharp,

well-developed foliaceous carina, on their basal third below, which in the

fore tibize traverses the whole length of the joint. The first tarsal joimt in

the fore-legs is hardly as long as the other joimts taken together; in the

other legs it is not nearly as long.

The intermediate legs if stretched backwards would reach only just

beyond the apex of the third, the posterior ones to the apex of the sixth

abdominal segment.

Total length of body 7 in. 2? lines; antenne 83; head 34; proth. 23;

mesoth. 163; metath. 14; abd. 40 -- 95 + operc. 1 = 503.

Abdomen : rest of body :: 1:3655 &e.: 1.

Hab.—Samagooting, Naga hills, Assam, (Captain Butler); Sikkim

(Mr. Mandelli) ; and the valleys around Cherra Punji in the Khasi hills

(Lieut. Bourne).

Bacriius (BacuLtuM) PEeNTHESILEA, n. sp. Pl. V. Fig. 5.

2 Elongate, stout, cylindrical, smooth, with a faint raised median line

extending from the anterior extremity of the mesothorax nearly to tip of

1873.] J. Wood-Mason—Species of Phasmide. 53

the abdomen. Head not so stout as in the preceding species, armed between

the eyes with two minute conical spinules or tubercles, its posterior margin

presents 3 notches giving it the appearance of being bi-tuberculate,

narrowed from the eyes to the base. Antenne very slender, as long as the

three terminal abdominal segments taken together, 30-jointed ; first joint some-

what expanded ; second minute, hardly longer than broad, followed by 28

filiform joints gradually increasing in length to the apical one. Mesothorax

uniform in width except at the insertion of the legs where it is expanded.

Metathorax broader than the mesothorax and expanded at each end.

Abdomen very long, attenuated from the base of the 5th segment ; the

three segments anterior to this are uniform in width and broadest of all,

broader even than the basal segment which is just perceptibly concave at

the sides; the 6th ventral has a rounded punctate callosity posteriorly ;

the ante-penultimate segment is as long as the two last taken together ; the

last is grooved above in the middle line, has its posterior angles pointed and

rather deflexed than projecting outwards and its hinder margin sub-

angularly emarginate, the emargination being filled by an azygos plate

which is carinate, has its free margin straight and projecting beyond the

acutely angular tips of the segment, and its postero-lateral angles rounded.

Cerci tolerably salient, obtuse. Operculum subcompressed and carinate for

nearly its posterior half, rounded but not compressed at the tip which barely

reaches as far as the bottom of the emargination in the last segment.

Legs slender ; anterior pair triquetrous ; the two other pairs subtrique-

-trous, their upper crests being not nearly so closely approximated as in the

preceding species. The intermediate legs, stretched straight backwards so

as to be parallel with the long axis of the body, reach to the middle of the 4th,

the posterior ones to that of the 7th segment. The anterior femora are

denticulate to beyond the middle of their upper and lower crests ; the four

posterior pairs are devoid of spines or foliaceous lobes except at their apical

ends below where there is a short denticulate elevation, all the tibize have a

lamellar carina arising and attaining its greatest development near the proxi-

mal end ; and the distal halves of the four posterior ones are acutely spinulose

on all edges. The first joint of the tarsus of the fore-legs is fully as long as,

of the intermediate legs shorter than, of the posterior legs almost as long

as, the remaining joints together; but the first tarsal joint of Ist legs is

longer and slenderer than those of the 2nd and 8rd pairs.

Colour green with the prosternum, bases of all the legs, the stigmata,

the spines on the head and the interval between them, and the apex of the

abdomen blackish-brown.

Total length, 6 in. 10? lines; antennee, 9 lin. ; head, 33; proth. 23;

mesoth. 15¢ ; metath. 185 ; abdomen 3 in. 3 lin. + 9 lin. = 4 in. ; ant. legs:

femur 23 lin, + tibia 22 + tarsus 6 = 4:in. 32 lin. ; inter. legs: f. 172 +4 tib.

54 J. Wood-Mason—Species of Phasmide. [No. 1,

16 +t. 43 == 3 in. 23 lin. ; post. legs: f. 20 + tib. 18 + tar. 5 = 8 in. 7 lines.

Abdomen : rest of the body: : 13012 &c.: 1.

Hab.—A single specimen was collected in the neighbourhood of Baxa,

Bhutan Doar, by Dr. Cameron.

Baciuivs (BacuLuM) Frurcriiatvs, n. sp. Pl. V. Fig. 6.

? Elongate, cylindrical, smooth. Head unarmed, narrowed from the

eyes to the base, with three notches on its posterior margin. Antenne long

and fine, as long as the metanotum proper, or as the two basal segments of

the abdomen together, 24-jointed ; first joint depressed, not greatly expanded,

strongly carinate above; second longer than broad, sub-cylindrical ; rest

filiform. Meso- and meta-notum with a most delicate median line in relief ;

the former is of uniform width throughout, the latter very slightly expanded

posteriorly at the origin of the legs. Abdomen shorter in proportion to the

rest of the body than in the two preceding species, cylindrical to the apex of

its fifth segment; whence it becomes slightly compressed and attenuated

to its furcate extremity. A small azygos plate carinated above and with

its posterior margin rounded, fills the bottom of the interval between the

arms of the fork, which conceal its sides from view from above. The

operculum is boat-shaped; its extremity which is rounded and slightly

spread out horizontally, attains the level of the bottom of the fork only. -

The legs closely resemble those of B. Penthesilea, but the four posterior

femora have some widely-placed spinules on both their inferior crests ; the

intermediate ones reach to the end of the basal third of the 5th, the posterior

extend slight beyond the terminal abdominal segment.

Total length 5in. 13 lin.: antenne 8; head 3; proth. 23; mesoth,

121; metath. 10; abd. 274 + 64 = 332; ant. legs, 3 in. 7 lin. ; inter.

legs 2 in. 6 lin.; post. legs 2in. 11 lin. Colour uniform green.

The abdomen: rest of body:: 1:2162 &c.: 1.

Hab.—Baxa, Bhutan Doar, collected by Dr. Cameron.

This species is at once distinguished from the two preceding, as indeed

these are from one another, by the difference in the structure of the

terminal dorsal segment; by the form of the operculum, by the relative

length of the abdomen to that of the body, and by the absence of spines

from the head.

In the four preceding species to which M. de Saussure’s subgeneric

term Baculum may be provisionally applied, the last dorsal segment of

the abdomen is mesially grooved above; the line of structural -weakness

thus produced, may possibly subserve the purpose of giving greater ex-

pansibility to the segment during copulation and oviposition. This

peculiarity of structure is present also in Bacillus (Baculum) Cu-

niculus, Westwood, in B. (B.) Hyphereon, Westwood, and in B. (B.)

1873.] J. Wood-Mason—Species of Phasmide. 55

scytale, Bates, if one may judge from the published figures of those

species. With regard to the last mentioned, it should be noted that Mr.

Bates, although he states its affinities to be with the first, at the same

time refers it to a totally distinct subgeneric group, viz., to Ramulus, de

Sauss., in which the abdomen is fusiform and acuminate at the extremity.

It is also to be remarked that the species to which B. seytale is said to

be so nearly related by Bates has turned out not to be a Bacillus at

all, but a Lonchodes very closely allied indeed to L. pseudoporus, Westw.,

if not identical with that species. Ramulus is, however, still retained by

M. de Saussure for a group of the Bacilli, under which B. humilis, Westw.,

B. carinulatus, Sauss., &c., have been arranged.

BacILLvs SCABRIUSCULDS, n. sp. Pl. VII. Fig. 1. >

Very robust. The integument is wrinkled and studded with

granulations and small tubercles. Head thick, coarsely granulated, very

little narrowed behind, armed between the eyes with two conical spines,

projecting outwards and slightly backwards and with their bases united by a

transverse elevation, bi-tuberculate posteriorly. Antenne as long as the

metathorax, 18-jointed, ciliated; the first is depressed and expanded, and

strongly carinated ; the second joint is about half the length of the first,

twice as long as broad and depressed; the rest are slenderer than it and

filiform. Prothorax narrower in front, with its anterior margin hollowed for

the reception of the head, covered with coarse granules. Meso- and

meta-notum irregularly wrinkled longitudinally and covered with small

tubercles or coarse granules, marked with a raised median line; the former

gradually widens from the apex to the insertion of the intermediate legs ;

the latter is broader and of uniform width, and a distinct suture divides it

into an anterior posterior division (the true 1st abdominal segment = segment

mediare). Below, the ganulations and wrinkles are finer. The abdomen is

cylindrical to the fifth or sixth segment, whence it becomes suddenly contracted

and compressed, but expands again slightly at the apex which is furcate; the

bottom of the fork is occupied by a small carinated azygos plate. The

upper contour of the three terminal dorsal segments is extremely convex

and the posterior margin of the first two of them is produced into a small

process. The operculum is lanceolatein outlme as seen from below, its

posterior half is carinate and its apex barely reaches the level of the minute

cerct. 3

Legs long ; anterior pair triquetrous, the rest prismatic ; anterior femora

serrated tothe middle of the upper crest ; the intermediate ones are armed

with three conspicuous dentate foliaceous lobes above and with three small

spines on the other crest, one opposite to each of the foliaceous lobes ; the

posterior femora have some small spines on each of their upper crests. The

56 J. Wood-Mason—Species of Phasmide. [No. 1,

intermediate tibize have each two small foliaceous lobes above at the proximal

end and immediately opposite to these, below,a single spine; at their distal

ends all their edges are spinulose ; the posterior tibia have two minute spines

above at the proximal end and their distal ends are similarly spinulose. All

the legs are shortly-ciliate, especially at the extremities.

Total length 4 in. 14 lines; antenne 74; head 3%; proth. 2%,

mesoth. 102; metath. 74; abdomen 184 + 7 = 253 lines.

Hab.—Naga Hills, Assam. A single specimen was collected by Captain

Butler.

| Explanation of Plates.

Plate V.

Fig. 1. Bacillus (Buculum) insignis, 9, nat. size. la, the head seen sideways;

10, the extremity of the abdomen seen sideways.

Fig. 2. Upper view of terminal abdominal segment of B. insignis, 9, enlarged.

Fig. 3. B. owytenes, 2, nat. size; 2a, extremity of the abdomen from the side.

Fig. 4, Bacillus levigatus, 2, nat. size; 4a, b,c, represent same parts as in the

previous figures,

Fig. 5. Upper view of terminal abdomen segment of B. Penthesilea 9 , enlarged;

5a, side-view of three terminal segments, nat. size.

Fig. 6. B. furcillatus, P, terminal segment of the abdomen from above, enlarged ;

6a, the three terminal segments nat. size seen sideways.

Fig. 7. B. fuscolineatus, g, nat. size; 7a, the three terminal segments of the body

seen from above; 7b, the same seen from the side.

Plate VI.

Fig. 1. Bacillus Artemis, Westw. @, nat, size.

Fig. 2. Bacillus Artemis, Westwood 92, var. nat. size; 2a, the three terminal

segments seen from the side; 2b, the terminal segment, K 2 from above, 2c, the

extremity of the abdomen from below, 2d, basal joint of antenne: magnified.

Fig. 3. B. Westwoodii; 2, nat. size ; 3a, side view of three terminal segments of

abdomen ; 3b, the same from below.

Plate VII.

Fig. 1. Bacillus scabriusculus, 2; nat. size; 1a,the three terminal segments of

the abdomen from the side.

Fig. 2. Bacillus hispidulus, 3 , nat, size ; 2a, the terminal segments of the abdomen

seen sideways ; 2b, the same seen from above; 2c, the same from beneath.

Fig. 3. Bacillus hispidulus, 2 , nat. size ; 3a, 8b, 3c, represent same parts as in fig. 2.

1873.]_ : aad

ON AN UNDESCRIBED SPECIES OF Lopnopuanes, by W. E. Brooks, C. E.,

Assensole.

[Received 11th February, 1873 ; read 5th March, 1873.]

LOPHOPHANES Homer, D. sp.

Description. Head and crest, neck, chin and throat, bluish black ; the

black of the throat extends about 0°6 of an inch from base of lower mandible ;

cheeks and ear coverts, and sides of the neck beyond ear coverts, form a

patch of pure white; there is also a large patch of pure white on the back

of the neck ; on the sides of the neck below the white patch the black

~ extends about.4 of an inch lower down than it does on the centre of the

breast ; back and wing coverts dark bluish grey, becoming paler and more

ash coloured on the upper tail coverts; lesser and greater wing coverts

tipped with bright white ; wings and tail dusky, the feathers having paler

edges ; wing lining, axillaries and breast a clear ochre passing to a dusky

yellow grey on the flanks, lower abdomen, and under tail coverts. This

fulvous lower surface is characteristic of the species. Bill black; legs and

feet dusky.

Total lencth judging from the skins, will be about 4 inches.

No. Length of skin. Wing. Tail. Bill at front. Tarsus. Midtoe and claw. MHindtoe and claw.

1— 3°7 2°25 1°76 32 68 °D “48

, 2— 3° 212. VFS 3 66 3) a)

This species strikingly resembles in colouration the plate of Parus

Britannicus, Sharpe and Dresser, in their fine work on the Birds of Europe ;

except that it is almost devoid of the greenish tint of the upper parts

shewn in the plate, and our species is not a typical Paruws, but a crested

Lophophanes. It is also rather like Hodgson’s drawing of Parus oemodius ;

but that species is not shewn to be crested, neither has it any white

spots on the wings.

I picked this species out of a collection of Sikkim birds, sent by Mr.

Mandelli to Mr. Ball. The discoverer allows me to describe it, and I have,

therefore, great pleasure in naming it after my friend Mr. Hume, as I cannot

remember any species named after the most laborious of our present

Indian Ornithologists.

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JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY.

Part II.—PHYSICAL SCIENCE.

——_—

No. I].—1878.

earns

New Burmese Pruants. Parr II,—by S. Kurz, Esq.

[Received 15th Feb., read 5th March, 1873.]

[With plates VIII, IX, X.]

TERNSTROEMIACEA.

106. ANNESLEA MONTICOLA, nov. sp.

Arbor 80-90 pedalis v. in regionibus altioribus pumila, glaberrima ; folia

e. 3 (arboris juvenilis usque ad 7) poll. longa, ovato-oblonga, raro lanceola-

ta, basi rotundata v. obtusa et subdecurrentia, breve lateque petiolata, acu-

minata v. acuta, integra v. obsolete crenata, crassissime coriacea, nervis vix

visibilibus, subtus (in sicco) atropunctata ; flores majusculi, basi bibracteo-

lati, pedicellis 2, sub fructu usque 3 poll. longis crassis albis ramulos termi-

nantibus ; calyx coriaceus, albus ; corolla rosea. Martaban.—A. crassipedi

arcte affinis, pedunculis et foliis acutis distinguitur.

107. SaURAUSJA ARMATA, nov. sp.

Arbor 25-30 pedalis, novellis squamis adpressis firmis subosseis acutis-

simis vestita; folia 9-10 pollicaria, lato-ovata ad obovato-oblonga, acuta,

basi obtusa, brevissime petiolata (petiolis crassis squamatis), spinescenti

serrata, chartacea, glabra, sed subtus secus costam nervosque squamis subos-

seis adpressis adspersa ; flores 1} poll. fere in diametro, in pedunculis bre-

Vissimis crassis dense squamatis solitarii, vulgo supra foliorum delapsorum

cicatricibus fasciculati ; sepala tomento squamis rigidis adpressis intermixto

obducta ; ovarium unacum parte unita stylorum 5 dense villosum.—Darta-

ban.

60 ; S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. _{No. 2,

108. SAURAUSA MACROTRICHA, Nov. sp.

Partes omnes (superficie foliorum excepta) pilis longis rigidis ferrugi-

neis v. nigrescentibus vestitie ; folia fere pedem longa v. breviora, lanceolata,

utrinque attenuata, breviuscule petiolata (petiolis hirsutis), acuminatissima,

setaceo-serrata, chartacea, supra glabra, subtus inprimis secus nervos venu-

losque rigide hirsuta ; flores parvi, longe graciliterque pedicellati, in axillis

foliorum v. supra eorum cicatricibus cymas hirsutas formantes ; bractez

parve, lineari-lanceolatz, glabra ; sepala et ovarium glabra; styli 5, erecti,

basi ‘uniti—dAva. (J. Anderson.)

109. PYRENARIA DIOSPYRICARPA, nov. sp.

Arbuscula novellis tomentellis ; folia 4-5 poll. longa, oblongo-v. ellipti-

co-lanceolata, basi acuta et marginibus utplurimum involutis, breve petiola-

ta (petiolis crassis dense tomentosis), obtusa v. subobtusa, coriacea, juniora

utrinque, denuo subtus tantum dense tomentella v. pubescentia, flavescenti

viridia, in sicco more Symploct lutescentia ; flores. mediocres, brevissime et

erasse pedicellati, solitarii, axillares; bractez sepalis longiores, foliacez,

oblongo-lanceolatz, basin versus attenuate et cum basi latissima sessiles ;

sepala bracteis conformia, sed minora et gradatim in petala extus dense sericea

abeuntia ; ovarium dense sericeo-villosum ; styli 5, apice liberi, crassi et bre-

ves ; drupze pomiformes, 2 poll. circiter longz, obovato-oblonge, obsolete

obtuseque 3-4-angulares, carnose, levissime et cerino-lutex, nitentes, basi

Diospyrorwum more bracteis sepalisque paullulo accretis sustentee.—arta-

ban.

DIPTEROCARPEA.

110. Snorna FLorrBuNDA (Hopea floribunda, Wall. Cat. 964).

Arbor verosimiliter decidua, glaberrima ; folia juniora oblonga ad ellip-

tica, basi rotundata, petiolis mediocribus gracilibus suffulta, acuta, glabra ;

flores mediocres, subsessiles, racemosi, in paniculas glaberrimas in axillis

foliorum novellorum dispositi; calycis levissimi lobi 2 interiores paullo bre-

viores ; petala semipollicem fere longa, lutescentia?, lanceolata, extus parce

pubescentia ; stamina c. 15, connectivo in aristam reflexam anther longi-

tudine terminato.—Zenasserim. (Wall.).

111. Hopes GRIFFITHII, nov. sp.

Glabra ; folia ovato-lanceolata, breviuscule sed gracilius petiolata, basi

acuta, longe et obtusiuscule caudato-acuminata, coriacea, subtus subnitentia

et costa acute prominente percursa, nervis autem lateralibus 12-10 utrinque

subtilibus ; flores minimi, subsessiles, secundi, flexuoso racemosi, paniculam

glabram brevem sed gracillimam formantes ; calyx glaber, lobis lato-rotunda-

tis et obtusis ; petala extus velutina, lineam circiter longa; antherz breves

arista rigida anthere longitudine v. longiore terminate.—Tenasserim (Helf.

717).

~~ -_— da an,

1873.) 8. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 61

H., jucunde, Thw. arcte affinis a qua autem foliorum nervatione valde

diversa jam dudum recognoscenda.

112. Hopra eGratisstma, Wall. Cat. 960.

Glabra ; folia lato-lanceolata, graciliter petiolata, basi acuta, breve et

obtusiuscule apiculata, coriacea, supra lucida, nervis 15-16 utrinque subparal-

lelis unacum costa acute prominentibus: flores secundi, breve pedicellati,

racemos compositas terminales axillaresque parce puberulos formantes ; calyx

velutinus, lobis lanceolatis obtusis ; petala extus velutina, 2 lin. longa; con-

nectivum arista longa flexuosa terminatum.—Zenasserim. H., diversifoli,

Miq., quam maxime affinis, an synonyma ?

113. ANISOPTERA GLABRA, Nov. sp.

Arbor ingens, 100-120 pedalis, glabra ; folia cire. 5 poll. longa, ellipti-

ca ad oblonga, raro obovato-oblonga, breve acuminata, basi rotundata v.

obtusa, coriacea, utrinque glabra, nervis subtus valde prominentibus ; petiol.

1—1} poll. longi, glabri; racemorum pedunculi ferrugineo-tomentosi, gla-

brescentes ; flores desunt; calycis tubus fructigerus glaber, nuci tomen-

tos fere ad 2/3 part. adnatus ; calycis laciniz inequales, quarum 2 longio-

res c. 6 pollicares, lineari-lanceolatz, obtusz, basim versus sensim attenuate,

conspicue 3-costate et transverse venose, glabra (costis minute tomentosis

exceptis) ; interiores 3 strict, erectz, lineari-lanceolatz, pollicem fere longe

acuminate, basin versus latiores ; nux velutina stylo longo acuminata.— War-

taban. A marginate, Korth., cui Shoream Penangianam, Wall. Cat. 963,

synonymam adscriberem, affinis.

} MALVACEAE.

114. Bompax rinstenis, Wall. Pl. As. rar. I. 71. t. 79-80.

Species haud cum 6. Malabarica conjungenda, sed inter alia stamini-

bus bene distinguitur :

B. Malabarica : staminum phalanges e filamentis crassis 15-20; B.

insignis, autem e filamentis 50 pluribusve filiformibus composite.

STHEROCULIACEA.

115. HerirrerA MACROPHYLLA, Wall. MS.

Arbor, omnibus partibus argenteo-lepidotis ; folia magna, ovato-oblonga

vy. oblonga, petiolis parce lepidotis 2-4 poll. longis v. raro brevioribus, basi

rotundata et seepius leviter sinuata, 7-12 poll. longa, acuta v. breve acumina-

ta, coriacea, supra glabra, subtus argenteo-lepidota ; flores parvi, dense fulvo-

puberuli, 5-raro 7-denticulata, breve pedicellati paniculas axillares amplas

ramosas dense fulvo-puberulos formantes ; carpella lignosa, suboblique ovalia,

canescenti-lepidota et pustulis suberosis rugoso-scabra, facie interna conspi-

cue, extus obsolete carinata, apice in appendicem longiusculum coriaceum

62 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

aleformem producta.—Martaban. N. B. H. attenuata, Wall., Cat. 1140 ;

Horsf. et Benn. H. Jav. rar. 237, a me non visa, vix hujus generis sed

probabiliter cum Brownlowia lanceolata, Bth., comparanda. 3

116. Heticreres optusa, Wall. Cat. 1184.

Fruticulus partibus omnibus fulvo-tomentellis ; folia oblonga ad ob-

longo-lanceolata, brevissime petiolata, basi obtusa v. rotundata ibidemque

3-nervia, 2-23 poll. longa, in eademque stirpe obtusa v. acuta et vulgo -

mucronata, chartacea, integra, supra pilis brevibus stellatis adspersa, subtus

fulvescenti stellato-tomentella ; flores parvi, breve pedicellati; cymz fulvo-

tomentellz, brevissime, axillares, pauciflore, graciles ; calyx cire. 2 lin. lon-

cus, stellato-tomentellus et subfurfuraceus ; petala sublongiora; staminum

columna glabra ; capsule oblongz, breves, circ. 7-8 lin. longe, dense villoso-

muricatze, carpellis inter se arcte coherentibus obtusis v. subobtusis.—ar-

taban, Tenasserim. H. lanceolate, DC. ( = H. virgata, Wall.) affinis.

117. PreRosPERMUM ACEROIDES, Wall. Cat. 1171.

Arbor, novellis dense tomentosis ; folia elliptica v. lato-oblonga, utplu-

rimum subobliqua, arboris junioris palmato-5-7-loba, breviuscule petio-

lata, profunde et saepius inaequali-cordata, verosimiliter nunquam peltata,

breve acuminata v. apiculata, supra glabra, subtus canescenti v. fulvescenti-

tomentosa, basi 5-7-nervia ; stipule...; flores magni, albi, breve crasseque

pedicellati, 3-v. 2-ni axillares et subcymosi ; bracteolee oblongo-lauceolate,

tomentose, integre; calyx 2-3 poll. longus, sepala crassissime coriacea,

linearia, ferrugineo-tomentosa, extus striata, intus fulvo-stellato pubescen-

tia; stylus glaber; ovarium fulvescenti-tomentosum ; capsule 5-angulares,

oblonge.— TLenasserim, Andamans.

TILIACEA.

118. Brerrya mois, Wall. Cat. 1186.

Arbor magna, novellis tomentellis ; folia cordato-rotundata, lata, cire.

6-7 poll. longa et lata, basi palmato-7-9-nervia, petiolata, petiolis 4-5 poll.

longis dense puberulis v. tomentellis, obtusiuscula v. acuta, obsolete repanda

et in lobos 2-8 breves obtusos producta, chartacea, adulta supra (nervis

pubescentibus exceptis) glabra, subtus dense puberula v. subtomentosa ;

flores c. 4-5 lin. in diametyro, albi, paniculas laxas fulvo-tomentosas terminales

formantes ; pedicelli longi, tomentosi ; calyx extus dense tomentosus, pro-

funde 2-3-fidus, in alabastro subglobosus ; petala obovato-lanceolata, calyce

longiora ; stamina numerosissima et conferta; stylus simplex, glaber ; ova-

rium villosum ; capsule unacum alis oblique oblongis nervosis c. 2-23 poll.

in diametro, tomentellz, siccze, brunnez ; semina globosa.—Pegu, Martaban.

—e eee ae

1873. ] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 63

119. Grewra scaBrima, Wall. Cat. 1113 (pro parte).

Frutex ? novellis ferrugineo-tomentellis ; folia oblonga v. ovato-lanceo-

lata, 5-6 poll. longa, petiolis brevibus ferrugineo-tomentosis, basi obtusa v.

rotundata, serrata, acuminata, chartacea, utrinque (presertim subtus) stella-

to-hirta et scabra, 3-nervia, venis transversis valde conspicuis ; flores cire. 8-10

lin. longi, pedicellis suleatis ferrugineo-tomentosis et subfurfuraceis, 2-3-ni

cymas parvas ferrugineo-tomentosas axillares formantes; sepala 7-8 lin.

longa, lineari-lanceolata, extus scabriuscule ferrugineo-tomentella ; petala

cire. 2 lin. longa, lamina oblongo-lanceolata obtusa et a foveola lat& crass&

dense fulvo-villos4 usque ad basin fere separabilis; gynophorum et ovarium

fulvo-villosa ; drupze profunde 4-lobz, sed seepe loborum unus alterve aborti-

vus, lobis obtusis et divergentibus parce hispidis glabrescentibus, pollicem

fere in diametro ;. mesocarpium fibrosum, coccis monospermis.—WMartaban,

Tenasserim. Species G. odorate, Bl. (G. wmbellata, Roxb.) et G. columna-

vi, Sm. valde affinis, sub eodem nomine cum G. pilosa, Lamk., a cl. Walli-

chio distributa indeque a Wightio et Arnotto cum eadem confusa. G.

retusifolia, Kurz in hocce diario, 1872, p. 294 proposita, foliis profunde

retusis in sinu mucronatis insignis, teste cl. Mastersio ad G. humilem,

‘Wall., speciem nondum descriptam, pertinet.

120. Grewia microstemMMa, Wall. ap. Voigt. Cat. Hort. Suburb.

‘Caleutt. 128.

Frutex novellis seabro-puberulis ; folia oblonga v. ovato-lanceolata, basi

inequali-rotundata, brevissime petiolata, 5-7 poll. longa, acuminata, duplica-

to-serrato-dentata, chartacea, utrinque (presertim subtus) scabro-puberula,

3-nervia, cum nervo adjecto ad latus latius ; stipule petiolis fulvo-tomento-

sis longiores, subulate, strictee, scabro-puberule ; flores parvi; pedicelli

tomentosi, breves ; cymz multiflore brevissime pedunculatz 2-3-nz axilla-

res ; sepala cire. 2 lin. longa, fulvo-puberula; petala lineari-lanceolata, 1 lin.

longa, longitudine foveole ovalis villoso-ciliate incrassatee, dorso linea hirsu-

ta notata ; stamina in floribus masculis 16; ovarium hirsutum ; drupe...—

Pequ.

121. ConumBia FLoRIBUNDA, (Grewia floribunda, Wall. ap. Voigt.

Cat. Hort. Suburb. Cale. 128; Glossospermum ? 5-alatum, Wall. Cat. 1154

et 7841).

Frutex scabro-stellato-hirtellus ; folia rotundata v. lato-obovato-oblon-

ga, basi vulgo cordata, petiolis longiusculis gracilibus scabris, acuta v. breve

acuminata v. obtusa, apicem versus szepius in lobos 2 v. unicum obtusum v.

truncatum raro acutum producta, distanter dentata, basi vulgo 7-nervia,

membranacea, supra stellato-scaberrima, subtus plus minus pilis stellatis

puberula et mox scabrescentia; flores parvi, pedicellis gracilibus brevibus

G4 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

tomentellis, in eymulas pedunculatas dispositi et paniculam terminalem laxam

canescenti-puberulam efficientes ; sepala lineam circiter longa, extus canes-

centi-tomentella ; petala obovato-oblonga, obtusa, sepalis subzquilonga, basi

foveola minuta incrassata villoso-ciliata aucta ; capsule 7-9 lin. in diametro,

stellato-puberule, scabree, siccze, maturee in carpidia 3-4 indehiscentia mono-

sperma bialata separantes.— Ava, Martaban.

122: Evopra viricrna, Wall. Cat. 1219.

Frutex ? glaber, ramulis lineis 4 acute prominentibus notatis ; folia 3-v.

uni-foliolata in eodem v. diversis ramulis, opposita, glabra, petiolis }—2

poll. leviter alatis ; foliola 2-33 poll. longa, lanceolata v. obovato-lanceola-

ta, basi attenuata et subsessilia, membranacea, breve acuminata, subtus palli-

da; paniculz contracte et parve, puberule, petiolis v. multo breviores v.

subeequilonge ; flores parvi, brevissime pedicellati ; petala 4, lineari-oblonga,

obtusa, subcoriacea ; carpella....—TZenasserim.

123. Lrmonta aurerntrFouta, Wall. ap. Voigt. Hort. Calceutt. 139.

Fruticulus gracilis, simplex v. parce ramosus, deciduus, inermis, glaber-

rimus ; folia impari-pinnata, rachide anguste alata; foliola 5-7-juga cum

impari, alterna, subsessilia, oblongo-lanceolata ad lanceolata, oblique acumi-

nata, crenata, glabra, 1-13 poll. longa, pellucido-punctata ; flores pentame-

ri, parvi, albi, e ramulis novellis axillaribus brevibus orientes et cymam bre-

vem glabram breve pedunculatam v. subsessilem efformantes ; calycis lobi

trigono-oblongi, acuta, 3 lin. longi; petala 3 lin. longa, acutiuscula; sta-

mina 10, alternatim breviora, filamenta basi intus parce puberula ; ovarium

obovatum, compressiusculum, leve, toro brevi crasso insidens, 2-loculare,

loculis ovulo solitario pendulo; stylus curvus, stigmate incrassato ; torus

post preflorationem productus ; bacce....—Pegu.

SIMARUBEA,

124. Brucka mous, Wall. MS.

simplex v. subsimplex, 2- alis, novellis puberulis v.

Fruticulus simple bsimplex, 2-3 pedalis, novell berulis v

pubescentibus ; folia imparipinnata, petiolus rachisque teres puberuli, gla-

: s; foliola 4-6-juga cum impari, ovato-oblonga v. ovato-lanceolata

brescentes ; foliola 4:-6-] , g ;

longiuscule petiolulata, acuminata, integerrima, membranacea, supra sparse,

subtus densius, pubescentia v. preter nervos pubescentes glabra, 2-3 poll.

longa ; flores minuti, graciliter pedicellati, racemos puberulos v. pubescentes

simplices graciles folio multo breviores axillares formantes; drupz solitarie

v. bine, rarius ternee, ovate, pisi majoris magnitudine v. majores.—dZarta-

ban, Brucea genus magis ad Tapiriam inter Anacardiaceas spectat.

1873. | S. Kurz-—New Burmese Plants. 65

MELIACEAE.

125. CHICKRASSIA VELUTINA, (Swietenia velutina et S. villosa, Wall.

Cat.).

Species mihi bona, a Ch. tabulari distinguitur novellis, foliis etc. molli-

ter pubescentibus, foliolis numerosioribus supra velutinis subtus molliter

pubescentibus ; paniculis ferrugineo-tomentosis ; floribus majoribus ; petalis

obovato-oblongis 5-6 lin. longis; calyce dense fulvo-tomentoso ; capsulis

atris, sublevibus.—Pegw, ete.

CELASTRINEZ.

126. Microrropis Ltonerronta, Wall. Cat. 4339 (pro parte).

Frutex ? glaber ; folia oblongo-lanceolata v. oblonga, petiolis crassis

4-5 lin. longis, breve acuminata, basi acuta, 6-7 poll. longa, integra, coriacea,

utrinque (presertim supra) rugulosa, opaca ; flores breve cymosi; peduncu-

lus 4-6 lin. longus ; capsulee obovate ; testa seminis rubra.—Zenasserim. G.

latifolie, Gais., in Hb. Kew assimilis, nervatione autem diversa.

AMPELIDEA.

127. LEA COMPACTIFLORA, Nov. sp.

Arbuscula L. sambucine valde affinis, sed foliola angustiora, argute

serrato-dentata, longe acuminata; inflorescentia petiolo multo brevior, fer-

rugineo-tomentosa ; flores viridiusculi, sessiles, bracteis latis brevibus ovatis

acutis subscariosis circumdati et in glomerulos compactos congesti ; fructus

non adsunt.—Wartaban.

128. Leesa ciagantea, Griff. Not. Dicot. 697. t. 645, f. 3.

Frutex simplex, elatus, glaberrimus ; folia largissima, supra-decomposi-

ta, petiolus compressiusculus levis; foliola vulgo magna, 6-8 poll. longa,

petiolulis $ (terminali usque ad 2) poll. longis, oblonga ad oblongo-lan-

ceolata, breve et abrupte acuminata, basi acuta, grosse crenato-serrata, tenui-

coriacea, glaberrima, lucida, siccando nigrescentia, nervis subtus prominenti-

bus ; flores parviusculi, virescenti-albidi, pedicellis brevissimis robustis v.

subsessiles, in cymam amplam diffusam 2-3-chotomice ramosam glaberrimam

axillarem v. subterminalem petiolorum longitudine v. longiorem dispositi ;

bracteze bracteoleeque ante anthesin caducissime ; calycis lobi_breves, rotun-

dati v. subacuti, glabri; petala reflexa, lineam circiter longa; lobi tubi

staminum triangulari-lanceolati, acuminati, apice integro reflexi; bacce de-

presso-globose, 4-6 spermz; semina obtuse carinata, lateribus tuberculato-

costatis.— Tenasserim.

129. Leesa tata, Wall. Cat. 6831.

Frutex humilis, 2-3 pedalis, glaber ; folia bipinnata, petiolis teretibus ;

foliola petiolulis 1-2 lin. longis, oblongo-ad ovato-lanceolata, 5-8 poll. longa,

66 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

basi rotundata subinequalia, acuminata, crenato-serrata, membranacea, gla-

bra siccando magis minusve rubescentia ; flores parvi, rubri, pedicellis brevi-

bus tomentosis, cymas compositas breves sessiles v. pedunculatas compactius-

culas v. raro diffusas axillares efficientes ; bracteew bracteoleque ante anthesin

caduce ; calycis lobi triangulares, acuti, glabri; petala lineam fere longa;

tubi staminei lobi emarginati ; baccee desunt.—Burma, Andamans,

130. LEEA sANGUINEA, Wall. ap. Voigt. Cat. Suburb. Calcutt. 30.

Herba perennis, caulibus crassis teretiusculis, glabra ; folia inferiora de-

composita, superiora impari-pinnata, summa szepius ternata, petiolis, petiolu-

lis rachique anguste membranaceo-4-alatis ; foliola vulgo 3-juga cum impari,

elliptico-oblonga ad oblongo-lanceolata, terminali longius petiolulato szpius

ovato-oblongo, brevissime petiolulata v. subsessilia, 6-8 poll. longa, acuta,

argute serrata, glabra, nervis parallelis venisque transversis subtus valde pro-

minentibus ; cymez vulgo a basi ramose v. pedunculatee, trichotomo-ramose,

pedunculis et ramificationibus purpurascentibus compresso-angulatis glabris ,

bractez, bracteoleeque ante anthesin decidue ; flores parvi, coccinei, pedicellis

brevibus crassis glabris suffulti; calyx 5-dentatus, coccineus, lobis acutis ;

petala coccinea, lineam circiter longa; tubus stamineus cerino-albus, lobis

emarginatis ; filamenta subpurpurascentia; baccz depresso-globose, pisi

magnitudinis, vulgo 6-sperme, aurantiacee.—Ava.

N. B.— Vitis Wallichii, Kurz in hocce diario 1872, p. 302 (Leea corda-

ta, Wall. Cat. 6819) ad V. Linnei formas probabiliter reducenda, a quibus

autem cymis axillaribus (nec oppositifoliis) differre videtur.

ANACARDIACE.

181. MANGIFERA CALONEURA, nov. sp.

Arbor mediocris, glabra ; folia oblonga ad oblongo-lanceolata, 3-5 polli-

earia, petiolo basi valde incrassato 1-3 poll. suffulta, obtuse acuminata,

coriacea, glabra, utrinque elegantissime minute et prominenter reticulata,

costa crassa lata presertim supra prominente et subplana percursa, nervis late-

ralibus vix curvis 18-20, tenuibus ; flores parvi, sessiles v. subsessiles pani-

culam terminalem tomentosam amplam formantes ; calyx pubescens ; petala

lanceolata, acuta, reflexa, lineam circiter longa, ciliolata, alba, medio linea

citrina percursa; stamen 1, anthera atropurpurea; discus 5-lobus, levis ;

drupe ovi gallinacei magnitudine subreniformi-ovoider, lives, obtuse, auran-

tiacee v. lutex, acido-dulces, subteretes—Pegu, Martaban. M. Indice affi-

nis, reticulatione elegantissima statim recognoscenda.

N. B.—Bouea Brandisiana, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, p. 50, ad B.

Burmanicam, Griff. in hocce diario, 1854, p. 634, referenda.

1873. ] 8S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 67

LEGUMINOSAE.

132. MUILLETTIA MONTICOLA, nov. sp.

__ Frutex alte scandens, deciduus, novellis parce ferrugineo-pubescentibus

glabrescentibus, ramis verrucosis ; folia novella (adulta non visa) impari+

pinnata ; foliola 4-3-juga cum impari, petiolulata, oblonga, breve acuminata,

subtus secus nervos adpresse fulvo-pubescentia ; flores azurei, parviusculi,

pedicello 1-2 lin. longo ferrugineo-tomentoso suffulti, fasciculati, in racemos

simplices solitarios ferrugineo-tomentellos 4-7 pollicares supra foliorum delap-

sorum cicatricibus orientes dispositi; calyx parce ferrugineo-tomentosus,

anteriore paullo producto ; corolla glabra, vexillo circiter semipollicari ; ova-

rium tenuiter ferrugineo-pubescens ; legumina desunt.—artaban. M. pachy-

carpe, Bth., arcte affinis.

183. MILLETTIA LEIOGYNA, nov. sp.

Frutex deciduus alte scandens novellis ferrugineo-tomentosis; ramis

teretibus minute lenticellatis ; folia novella (adulta desunt) ferrugineo-to-

mentosa, impari-pinnata ; foliola 4-6-juga cum impari; flores majusculi,

violacei, vexillo in fundo luteo, pedicellis 2-3 lin. longis nutantibus velutinis

suffulti, racemos 4-5 pollicares fulvo-tomentosos e ramulis abbreviatis latera-

libus ortos formantes et szpius in paniculam amplam lateralem collecti ;

calyx latior quam longus, 2-23 lin. longus, fulvo-velutinus, obsolete denta-

tus, dente anteriore paullo producto ; corolla glabra, vexillum } poll. lon-

gum, emarginatum ; ovarium leve ; legumina juniora linearia, leves, subula-

to-acuminata.—artaban. MW. extense, Bth., affinis.

134. MILLETTIA GLAUCESCENS, nov. sp.

Arbor magna, decidua, glabra v. sepius novellis parce pubescentibus ;

folia impari-pinnata, 3-1 ped. longa, glabra, v. rachi et petiolulis parce

puberulis ; folia elliptica ad obovato-oblonga et oblongo-lanceolata, vulgo

3-4-raro 2-juga cum impari, obtusiuscule et subabrupte acuminata v. apicu-

lata, petiolulis 2-3 lin. longis gracilibus glabrescentibus, integra, 3-4 poll.

_ longa, membranacea, glabra v. subtus secus costam subpubescentia, subtus

glaucescentia ; flores parviusculi, cyanei, pedicellis capillaribus puberulis v.

subglabris 3-4 lin. longis, in racemos graciles glabros v. puberulos solitarios

v. secus ramulos novellos aphyllos aggregatos dispositi; calyx latior quam

longus, parce pubescens, 1-15 lin. longus, obsolete lato-dentatus ; corolla

glabra; vexillum obsolete emarginatum, 3 poll. fere longum; ovarium

adpresse sericeum ; legumen oblongum, basi attenuatum, lignosum, incurva-

to-acutum, planum, suturis in alas angustissimas dilatatis undeque quasi

subquadrangulari-alatum, glabrum, lenticellis rimosis. sparse obtectum, 3-4

poll. longum, 2-8 lin. crassum, 1-3-spermum,—Pegu, Martaban.

68 8. Kurz—New Burmese Plants, [No. 2,

185. MILLErTIA PUBINERVIS, nov. sp.

Arbuscula 20-25 pedalis, novellis puberulis ; folia impari-pinnata, ec.

% ped. longa, rachi puberula; foliola elliptico- ad obovato-oblonga, petio-

lulis gracilibus 1-2 lin. longis puberulis, longiuscule et obtusiuscule acumi-

nata, 2-3 poll. longa, tenuiter chartacea, integra, subtus glauca et secus cos-

tam pubescentia ; flores parviusculi, luride lutescenti albi, pedicellis capilla-

ribus pubescentibus, solitarii v. fasciculati, racemos solitarios oppositifolios

graciles luteolo-pubescentes 24-3 poll. longos formantes ; calyx rubicundus,

latior quam longus, cire. 1-15 lin. longus, parce pubescens, obsolete sinua-

to-dentatus ; corolla glabra; vexillum plus quam 3 poll. longus ; ovarium

adpresse pubescens ; legumen deest.—artaban.

186. MILLETTIA LEUCANTHA, nov. sp.

Arbor mediocris, novellis sericeo-pubescentibus glabrescentibus ; folia

impari-pinnata, $-? ped. longa, juniora subtus sparse pubescentia, mox

glabrescentia ; stipellee subulate, rigidee, diutius persistentes ; foliola ovata

ad elliptica, utplurimum 3-juga cum impari, longius petiolulato, breve et

subabrupte acuminata, petiolulis c. 2 lin. longis puberulis glabrescentibus,

3-4 poll. longa, rigide chartacea, adulta glaberrima, integra, subtus sepius

pallida ; flores fasciculati majusculi, candidi, pedicellis 2-3 lin. longis cinereo-

velutinis ; racemi solitarul, cinerascente pubescentes, erectiusculi, 2-4 poll.

longi, in ramulis lateralibus terminales v. laterales ; calyx canescenti-veluti-

nus, c. 23 lin. longus, dentibus 3 inferioribus distinctis, acutiusculis, 2

superioribus connatis lato-ovatis; corolla glabra; vexillum 3 poll. fere

longum, integrum ; ovarium adpresse sericeum ; legumen lignosum, oblon-

gum ad obovato-oblongum, acutum, glabrum, lenticillato-scabrum, 13-3

poll. longum, marginibus uti in Pongamia obtusis, 1-3 spermum ; semina

plana, brunnea.—Prome, Pegu.

187. Miierrra ovaLiroxta, (Pongamia ovalifolia, WA. Prod. I. 262 ;

Wight Je. t. 828.) ;

Arbor mediocris, glabra; folia impari-pinnata, 3-3 ped. longa, gla-

bra; foliola ovata ad elliptica et elliptico-ovata, petiolulis 1-2 lin. longis

gracilibus, 3 (sec. WA. etiam 4-)-juga cum impari, breve acuminata, apicula-

ta v. obtusiuscula, $-1 poll. longa, chartacea, integra, subtus subglauces-

centia, subtiliter reticulata ; flores solitarii v. subfasciculati cyanei, parviusculi,

pedicellis capillaribus 2-3 ln. longis; racemi graciles, glabri, 2-3 poll.

longi, solitarii v. plures e ramulis novellis orti; calyx glaber, purpurascens,

latior quam longus, c. 1 lin. longus, obsolete dentatus v. subtruncatus ;

corolla glabra, vexillum ec. ¢ poll. longum ; ovarium parce adpresse pubes-

cens ; lezumen lineari-oblongum, basin versus attenuatum, incurvato-acutum,

planiusculum suturis obtusis, sublignosum, glabrum, pallidum, sparse verru-

coso-lenticillatum, 2-3 poll. longum, ad medium 2-3-spermum.—Prome.

1873. ] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 69

138. Micterria BRANDISIANA, nov. sp.

Arbor mediocris, gemmis cupreo v. fulvo-pubescentibus, ceeterum glabra ;

folia impari-pinnata, 3-1 ped. longa, glabra; stipelle subulate, diutius

persistentes ; foliola 7-10-juga cum impari, oblongo-lanceolata, petiolulis lin.

longis puberulis, obtuse acuminata, 15-23 poll. longa, integra, juniora

membranacea et subtus parce minuteque puberula, demum rigide sed tenuiter

coriacea, glaberrima, subtus glaucescentia ; flores cyanei, majusculi, pedicel-

lis crassiusculis 2-3 lin. longis glabris suffulti, fasciculati, racemos 4-8 poll.

longos glabros secus ramulos novellos distributos formantes; calyx pur-

pureus, glaber, c. 2 lin. longus, tomentoso-fimbriatus, dentibus conspicuis,

anteriore magis producto, posterioribus brevibus lateque connatis ; corolla

sericeo-pubescens ; vexillum 3 poll. fere longum; ovarium adpresse pubes-

eens ; lezumen obovato-oblongum ad oblongum et oblongo-lanceolatum, basi

plus minusve attenuatum, rigide coriaceum, valde planum, subabrupte incur-

vato-acuminatum, 2-3 poll. longum, suturis haud inerassatis, brunnescens,

leve, 1-3-spermum.—Pegu. MM. pulehre (= Mundulea pulchra, Bth.)

affinis.

139. MULLETTIA TETRAPTERA, nov. sp.

Arbor mediocris, novellis molliter pubescentibus; folia impari-pinnata,

3-2 ped. longa, juniora molliter tomentella; foliola 3-(raro 2-1) juga

cum impari, obovata ad elliptico-obovata, petiolulis crassis 1-2 lin. longis

tomentosis, apice rotundata, subemarginata v. rarius apiculata, integra,

novella membranacea et utrinque canescenti-tomentella, demum rigide char-

tacea et supra glabrescentia ; flores fasciculati parviusculi, pallide lilacini, pe-

dicellis 2-3 lin. longis dense pubescentibus ; racemi 3-4 poll. longi, fulvo-v.

gilvescenti-tomentosi secus ramulos foliatos novellos siti v. apicibus opposi-

tifolii; calyx latior quam longus, 13 lin. longus, tomentosus, obsolete

sinuato-dentatus v. subtruncatus ; corolla glabra; vexillum ec. } poll. lon-

gum ; ovarium adpresse pubescens ; legumen subcuneato-oblongum, basi

sterili attenuatum, lignosum, incurvato-acutum, 3-4 poll. longum, pallidum,

leve, marginibus in alas irregulares lignosas szepius undulatas angustas dila-

tatum et quasi tetrapterum, 1-2 spermum.—Ava, Prome.

140. ERyYTHRINA HOLOSERICEA, Nov. sp.

Arbor aculeato-armata, novellis furfuraceo-puberulis ; folia iis H. litho-

sperme conformia, 3-foliolata, petiolo 3-4 poll. longo, glabra: foliola plus

minusve ovata, petiolulis 2-3 lin. longis, acuminata, 3-5 poll. longa, integra,

chartacea v. membranacea, glabra; flores magni, coccinei ? alis carinaque

purpureis, subsessiles, 2-3-ni fasciculati, in racemo fulvo farinaceo-tomentoso

eollecti ; calyx resupinatus, brevi-spathaceus brunneo-villosus, intus fulves-

centi-sericeus ; vexillum 14 poll. fere longum, obovato-cuneatum, obtusum,

minute-velutinum ; ale falcato-oblonge, obtuse, ce. 4 poll. longe; carina

70 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

c. } pollicaris, e petalis 2 oblique oblongis acutiusculis breve unguiculatis

medio tantum connatis composita; stamina monadelpha; ovarium fulvo-

tomentellum ; legumen deest.—Pegu. Ex affinite H. lithosperme, Migq.,

( = LE. Sumatrana, Miq.) vix Bl. cujus planta e Mauritio in Hort. Bog.

allata fuerat. (cf. Bl. Cat. Buitenz.)

141. DapBEereta cana, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5859.

Arbor magna, novellis pubescentibus glabrescentibus ; folia impari-pin-

nata; juniora parce pubescentia, mox glabrescentia, 1-2 ped. longa ; foliola

7-9-juga, alterna, petiolulis 1-1} lin. longis glabrescentibus, oblonga ad

ovato-v. lineari-oblonga, szepius subinzequalia, breve et subabrupte acumina-

ta, 2-2 poll. longa, integra, chartacea, adulta glabra v. subtus subpu-

berula ; flores parvi, luride purpurei, pedicellis capillaribus puberulis 1-2 lin.

longis suffulti, paniculam laxam puberulam breve pedunculatam axillarem v.

sub-lateralem formantes ; calyx atropurpureus, glaber v. subglaber, c. 2 lin.

longus, dentibus obtusis ; corolla glabra, 3 lin. fere longa, petalis longe un-

cuiculatis ; stamina 10, diadelpha ; ovarium pilosum ; legumen lineari-oblon-

cum, planum, 3-1-spermum, obtusum, basi in stipitem brevem constrictum

3-4 poll. longum, fulvo-velutinum, circa semina indistincte venosum.—Pegu

Martaban, Tenasserim.

142. DaAtBERGIA GLOMERIFLORA, nov. sp.

Arbor mediocris, decidua, novellis fulvescenti-tomentosis ; folia juveni-

lia tomentosa glabrescentia, impari-pinnata ; folia 3-4-juga, alterna, ovata ad

elliptica et obovata, petiolulis parce pubescentibus 1-2 lin. longis, acuta, 2-23

poll. longa, integra, tenuiter coriacea, supra glabra, subtus parce puberu-

la; flores parvi, albi, pedicellis brevissimis, v. subsessiles, in paniculas sub-

eapitatas ramulos novellos villosos terminantes conglomerati; calyx ce. 1}

lin. longus, glaber, dentibus obtusis; corolla glabra, calyx paullulo longior,

petalis brevissime unguiculatis; stamina 10, diadelpha; ovarium glabrum ;

legumen. desideratur,—Prome.

ARILLARIA, gen. nov.

Calyx amplus, dentibus 2 superioribus paullo majoribus. Vexillum sub-

orbiculare, ale carinaque subconformes, securiformi-falcate ; petala omnia

breve unguiculata et libera. Stamina 10, libera, inzequalia, omnia fertilia ;

antherse versatiles. Ovarium brevi et crasse stipitatum, 2-ovulatum ;

stylus filiformis, revolutus, stigmate laterali. Legumen oblongun, teres,

earnoso-coriaceum, utfinque dehiscens. Semina 2 v. abortu utplurimum

solitarium, magna, oblonga, nigra, arillo carnoso miniato complete involutum.

Cotyledones crass, radicula centrifugalis.— Arbor foliis impari-pinnatis, folio-

lis oppositis stipellatis. Flores majusculi, albi, racemosi, in paniculas termi-

nales collecti. Genus juxta Ormosiam ponendum, arillo insigne, unde nomen.

1873. | S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 71

Chenolobii species amb a cl. Miquelio confectze ad Ormosiam courcta-

tam, Jack, reducende.

143. A. roBusta, (Sophora robusta, Roxb., Hort. Beng. 31; Wight

Je. t. 245; Ormosia floribunda, Wall. Cat. 5337.)

Arbor mediocris sempervirens, novellis fulvo-velutino-tomentosis ; folia

impari-pinnata, 1-1¢ ped. longa, rachi fulvescenti-pubescente ; stipelle

persistentes, c. 2 lin. longee, lineari-subulatz, pubescentes ; foliola 4-5-juga,

oblonga, petiolulis crassis 2 lin. longis pubescentibus, acuta v. apiculata, 3-4

poll. longa, integra, tenuiter coriacea, adulta supra glabra, subtus fulvescenti-

puberula ; flores majusculi, luride albi, pedicellis brevibus crassis tomentosis

suffulti, racemosi, in paniculam terminalem robustam ferrugineo-v. fulvo-

tomentosam collecti ; bractez persistentes, lineares, tomentose, 2-3 lin. lon-

ge; calyx amplus, 3 lin. fere longus, dense tomentosus ; corolla glabra, c.

8 lin. longa ; ovarium villosum ; legumen oblongum v. elliptico-oblongum,

basi in stipitem brevem pubescentem crassum contractum, acutum, carnoso-

coriaceum, luteum v. gilvum, parce pubescens v. subglabrum, mono- raris-

sime 2- spermum; semen magnum, oblongum, atterrimum, lucidum, arillo

miniato dein sanguineo carnoso complete involutum.—Pegu, Tenasserim.

144. PrEROLOBIUM MACROPTERUM, nov. sp. (P. lacerans, Miq. FI. Ind.

Bat. I. 106, non R. Br.)

Frutex magnus scandens, aculeis brevibus armatus, novellis parce pubes-

centibus ; folia 3-$ ped. longa, abrupte bipinnata, pinnis 7-8 v. pluribus

rachibus aculeatis puberulis; foliola 7-9- v. pluri-juga, subsessilia, meequali-

oblonga v. elliptico-oblonga, 3-$ poll. longa, apice rotundata v. retusa,

membranacea, glabra, subtus pallida ; flores albi, parvi, breviter pedicellati,

racemos axillares solitarios (glabros ?) efficientes ; legumina samaroidea, basi

seminifera plus quam } poll. longa, elliptico-oblonga, ala sesquipollicari,

pollicem fere lata, semi-oblonga, apice rotundata, sutura interiori recta, nec

arcuata.—Pegu, Martaban, Tenasserim.

Species Indicz 3 mihi notz, nempe, P. microphyllum, Miq. (Hb. Maingay

No. 535) racemis in paniculas terminales amplas dispositis, et P. lacerans,

R. Br. (Wight Icon. t. 196), cum specie nova supra descripta racemis

axillaribus solitariis conjunctum, leguiminibus autem valde discrepans.

145. CASSIA RENIGERA, Wall. Cat. 5307; Bth. in Linn. Trans.

XXVIT. 518.

Arbor mediocris, novellis molliter pubescentibus ; folia abrupte pinnata,

3-1 ped. longa, molliter pubescentia; stipule magne, lunato-reniformes,

deciduz ; foliola 8-20-juga, petiolulis brevissimis, v. subsessilia, elliptico-ob-

longa ad oblonga, obtusa v. retusa cum mucrone minuto, $-1} poll. longa,

72 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

membranacea, molli-pubescentia ; flores speciosi, purpurei, pedicellis 1-1}

pollicaribus pubescentibus, in racemos solitarios v. geminatos supra foliorum

delapsorum cicatricibus ortos pubescentes brevissimos dense bracteatos col-

lecti ; bractez cordato-ovate, longe acuminate, pubescentes ; calyx breve

denseque pubescens ; petala oblonga, pollicem fere longa, obtusiuscula; ova-

rium filamentaque glabra; filamenta longiores medio incrassata; lezumen

eylindricum, 1-2 ped. longum, indehiscens, glabrum.—Ava, Prome.

146. BAvHINIA ROSEA, nov. sp.

Frutex scandens, novellis fulvo-puberulis ; folia cordato-rotundata, us-

que ad 3 partem biloba, lobis rotundatis cum arista brevi in eorum sinu

auctis, petiolo 13-2 pollicari puberulo, 3-5 poll. longa et lata, integra, char-

tacea, juniora supra fugaci-pubera mox glabra, subtus fulvescenti puberula ;

flores parviusculi, rosei, pedicellis 13-2 poll. longis gracilibus adpresse pube-

rulis, racemum terminalem bracteatum corymbiformem fulvo-pubescentem

formantes ; bractee lineari-lanceolate, acuminate, c. 4 lin. longe; calyx

adpresse fulvo-puberulus, tubo brevi, lobis in alabastro tereti-ovoideis, dein

liberis et reflexis 4 lin. longis lineari-lanceolatis ; petala longe unguiculata,

obovato-linearia, undulata, utrinque parce adpresse pubescentia, c. 3 poll. lon-

ga; ovarium cum stylo crasso brevi (ovario breviore) fulvo-villosum ; legu-

men deest.—Martaban. (Dr. Brandis.) A B. Vahl inter alia differt

stylo et floribus minoribus.

147. BAvHINIA ORNATA, nov. sp.

Frutex alte scandens cirrhiferus, novellis ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; folia

cordato-ovata ad cordato-rotundata, petiolo 15-3 poll. longo in juventute

ferrugineo-pubescente suffulta, usque ad $ v. 3 partem biloba, lobis obtusius-

culis v. obtusiuscule acuminatis et in sinu aristatis, 4-7 poll. longa et lata,

integra, chartacea, juniora subtus parce adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentia, mox

glabrescentia, palmatim 11-15-nervia ; flores parvi, albi, pedicellis gracilibus

1-13 pollicaribus, ferrugineo-pubescentibus, apice pedunculi longioris v. bre-

vioris glabrescentis in racemum corymbiformem multiflorum bracteatum

fulvo-pubescentem lateralem v. terminalem congregati; bractee lineari-lan-

ceolatz, pubescentes, c. 2 lin. longe ; calyx in alabastro pyriformis, adpresse

pubescens, lobis ovatis c. 3 lin. longis reflexis ; petala obovato-oblonga, extus

parce pubescentia, subundulata, c. 4 lin. longa; ovarium fulvo-villosum, stylo

longo gracilique glabro ; legumen non repertum.—Pegu.

148. BavHINIA INVOLUCELLATA, nov. sp.

Frutex scandens, novellis parce puberulis ; folia cordato-ovata, petiolo

glabro 13-2 poll. longo, usque ad 3-3 partem biloba, lobis obtusiuscule acu-.

minatis in sinu aristatis, 3-4 poll. longa, integra, tenuiter chartacea, glabra,

palmatim 9-1l-nervia; flores majusculi, pallide rosei, pedicellis 2-23 polli-

a ho ee

1873. ] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 73

earibus puberulis glabrescentibus infra apice bibracteolatis suffulti, racemum

longiorem v. breviorem laxum terminalem puberulum glabrescentem for-

mantes ; bracteze minutz, indistinctz ; bracteolee sub ealyce elliptico-oblonge,

obtusiuscule, ¢ poll. longe, intus velutine, quasi involucrum bifoliatum forman-

tes ; calyx velutinus, tubo sulcato-tubulari, c. 3 lin. longus v. longior, lobis

in alabastro oblongo-ovato lanceolatis acuminatis 4 poll. longis dein liberis

et reflexis ; petala 1; poll. fere longa, lamina ovato-oblonga, obtusa, unguis

Baeitudine ; ; ovarium lve, stylo longiusculo sed crasso ; stamina fertilia

8; legumen desideratur.—Martaban (Dr. Brandis).

149. BAvHINIA MONANDRA, non. sp.

Frutex ? novellis puberulis ; folia parva, rotundato-ovalia, basi trun-

cata, petiolo 4 -1 pollicari breve pubescente, usque ad } partem biloba, lobis

rotundatis in sinu aristatis, 1-1} poll. longa, integra, chartacea, supra gla-

bra, subtus preesertim secus nervos breve pubescentia, palmatim 11-nervia ;

flores majusculi, albi? petalo inferiore maculato, pedicellis 1-14 pollic. longis

dense puberulis, racemos breves terminales pubescentes formantes ; bractese

parve, subulate ; calyx extus tomentellus, in alabastro fusiformis, spatha-

ceus ; petala obovato-cuneata, c. 17 poll. longa, glabra, undulata, stamen

Be efootam unicum tantum, cetera omnia rudimentaria ; ovarium stipitatum

fulvo-villosum, suturis levibus, stylo gracili ovarii ipsius duplo longiore ter-

minatum ; legumen deest.—Burma, Martaban ? (Dy. Brandis). Ex affini-

tate B. tomentose, cum B. brachycarpa, Wall., ultro comparanda.

150. A¥FZELIA RETUSA, NOV. sp.

Arbuscula glaberrima ; folia abrupte pinnata, rachi brevissima glabra ;

foliola uni- v. bijuga, plus minusve ovalia, sub-obliqua, brevissime petio-

lulata, 13-2 poll. longa, integra, chartacea, emarginata, glabra ; flores par-

viusculi, albidi pedicellis c. 4 lin. longis glabris, racemos breves simplices gla-

bros in ramulis terminales efficientes ; bracteole sub calyce 2 parve, con-

cavo-cymbiformes, persistentes ; calyx levis, tubo c. 4-lin. longo, lobis

obovato-oblongis squi-longis ; legumen 3-4 poll. longum, 1-17 poll. latum

tenuiter coriaceum, oblongum, secus margines incrassatos subcurvum, glabrum.

—Andamans.

151. Parxkia LEIOPHYLLA, nov. sp.

Arbor vasta, 80-120 pedalis, novellis pubescentibus ; folia abrupte

bipinnata, 1-2 pedalia, pinnis c. 20 v. pluribus suboppositis, rachibus breve

fulvo-pubescentibus ; foliola c. 30-40, sessilia, opposita, lineari-oblonga,

subfaleata, basi oblique auriculata, } poll. longa, ec. 2 lin. lata, oblique acuta,

tenuiter coriacea, glaberrima, unicostata cum nervo solitario basilari laterali,

penninervia ; flores parvi, flavescentes, in receptaculo irregulari-globoso basi

7A, S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2;

in stipitem pollicem fere longo contracto sessiles et capitulum densiflorum

clavatum longe-pedunculatum formantes ; pedunculi 1-13 pedales, glabri,

racemosi, terminales ; calyx 4 lin. fere longus, tubo glabro, lobis rotundatis

extus dense fulvo-tomentosis ; legumen 1-15 ped. longum, lineare, in stipitem

3-¢ pedalem attenuatum, apice rotundatum, glabrum et subvernicosum,

nigrum, inter semina numerosa torosum.—Pegu.

152. PARKIA INSIGNIS, nov. sp.

Arbor vasta, 80-100-pedalis, novellis fulvo-pubescentibus ; folia ab-

rupte bipinnata, 1-2-pedales, pinnis c¢. 8 suboppositis, rachibus fulvo-v.

ferrugineo-tomentosis ; foliola 20-25 juga, subopposita, subfalcata, ob-

longa, cum basi ineequali sub-auriculata sessilia, apice rotundata, 1 poll.

longa, 3 poll. lata, integra, coriacea supra nervis exceptis glabra, subtus

pubescentia, penninervia, nervis arcuatim anastomozantibus ; flores parvi, lutei

in receptaculo clavato-orbiculari basi in stipitem pollicarem attenuato sessiles

et capitulum clavato-pyriformem longe pedunculatum efformantes ; pedunculi

pedales, plures ex apice ramorum orientes ; calyx c. 4 lin. longus, tubo gla-

bro v. subglabro, lobis obovato-cuneatis adpresse fulvo-pubescentibus ; legu-

mina non vidi.—Martaban.

153. Axpizz1a (Pithecolobiwm) GLOMERIFLORA, nov. sp.

Frutex 2-5-pedalis, novellis puberulis, ramulis subangularibus v. tereti-

bus ; folia abrupte bipinnata, pinnis unijugis, petiolus 1-1} pollicaris, rachi-

bus vix angularibus preesertim junioribus puberulis ; foliola 3-raro 2-juga,

petiolis brevissimis puberulis, oblique oblongo-lanceolata ad subrhomboideo-

lanceolata breve mucronato-acuminata, 1-2 poll. longa, tenuiter et rigide

coriacea, adulta glabra v. subglabra, v. secus costam puberula, subtus glau-

cescentia et secus nervos pubescentia ; flores parvi, virescenti-albi, sessiles, in

capitula pisi magnitudinis pedunculis gracillimis 3-1 pollicaribus puberulis

instructa congregati et in racemos graciles puberulos axillares dein szepius

paniculam terminalem foliatam simulantes dispositi ; calyx vix lin. longus,

pubescens ; corolla usque ad calycis limbum lobata, extus pubescens, c. 15

lin. longa; legumina non adsunt.—dartaban.

RUBIACEAE.

154. PAEDERIA CALYCINA, nov. sp.

Herba volubilis, novellis puberulis ; folia cordato-ovata ad cordato-lan-

ceolata, petiolo 1-1} pollicari puberulo suffulta, basi sinuato-cordata, acu-

minata, 2-3 pollicaria, integra, membranacea, utrinque presertim subtus parce

hispidula ; flores ... superiores pedicellati, lateralibus sessilibus v. subsessi-

libus, in cymas dichotomas secundas parvas parce hirsutas disgesti, et pani-

culas thyrsoideas brachiatas hirsutulas axillares et terminales efformantes ;

1873. ] S. Kurz—Wew Burmese Plants. 75

calyx indistincte puberulus, tubo e. } lin. longo v. longiore, lobis fere duplo

longioribus, lanceolatis, subfoliaceis ; corolla ... ; capsule ovoidee, c. 4 lin.

long, compress, brunnezw et lucide, calycis limbo conspicuo coronate ;

semina capsulis conformia, ala nigrescenti c. } lin. lata circumdata.—Ten-

asserim (Wall. Cat. 6247 E).

Rubiacearum genera 44 in regno Burmanico occurrentia mihi cognita

sunt, quorum conspectum hie addo :—

Trib. I. Srennatar. Calyx ovario omnino adnatus, v. limbo 4-6-

fido. Corolle lobi valvati, ovarium 2-loculare, ovulis in loculis solitariis erec-

tis, adscendentibus v. raro pendulis. Drupa indehiscens, sicca v. succulenta.

Semina exalata et libera, v. raro membrana alatim-expansa circumdata.—

Stipulz utplurimum in folia stipulacea transformata et foliis conformes v.

subconformes, hine cum foliis verticillata, raro folia normaliter opposita.

§ 1. ustellate. Semina magis minusve globosa, libera,

| erecta v. adscendentia. Stipule foliacez evolute.

1. Rubia, L. Flores pentameri. Drupa succulenta. Herbe annue v.

perennes, erectz v. scandentes.

2. Galiwm, L. Flores 4-meri. Drupa utplurimum didyma, v. globosa,

exsucca. Herbs perennes v. annue, erectz v. prostrate.

Trib. II. Correacrm. Drupa magis minusve earnosa v. succulenta, ra-

rius bacca, 1-pluri-locularis, ovulis 1 v. pluribus in singulo

loculo. Semina haud alata v. appendiculata. Stipule inter-

: petiolares verze connatz v. libere.

Subtrib. 1. Coffeee. Ovarium 2-loculare, ovulis in loculis solitariis erectis

v. medio affixis. Baccae pyrenis 2 v. pluribus (raro abortu

solitariis) tenuicrustaceis v. membranacels monospermis com-

posita.

§ Ovarium 2-loculare.

* Corolla valvata. Albumen vulgo carnosum (Psy-

chotriee).

3. Cephaélis L. (incl. Geophila, Don). Corolla infundibuliformis tubo longo.

Calyx 4- v. 5-dentatus v.-lobatus. Flores capitati v. soli-

tarii, axillares. Suffrutices v. herbee perennes repentes.

4. Hydnophytwn, Jack. Calycis limbus integer. Corollee tubus brevis. Flores

glomerati sessiles. Frutices epiphyti truncis tuberosis.

5. Psychotria, L. Corolle tubus brevis, fauce barbata. Pyrene facie

interna plane et integre. Flores cymosi v. cymoso-

paniculati. Frutices, raro suffrutices, raro scandentes.

6. Chasalia, Comm. Corolle tubus elongatus, fauce nudus. Pyrenz facie

interna secus placentam centralem excavate. Frutices v.

suffrutices ; inflorescentia precedentis.

76 8S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

* * Corolle lobi imbricati v. contorti. Albumen vulgo

osseum. (Lxroree.)

7. Ixora, L. Corolla hypocraterimorpha, limbo 4-5-partito. Ovula medio

affixa. Flores eorymbosi v. paniculati. Stipulz connate.

8. Coffea, L. Corolla infundibuliformis, glabra, limbo 4-7-partito. Bacce

2- raro 1-sperme, semina pyrenis chartaceis inclusa. Flores

terminales et axillares. Stipule liber. (Hie Prismato-

meris, Thw.).

9. Serissa, Comm. (incl. Saprosma, Bl., Dysodidendron, Gardn.). Corolla

infundibuliformis, velutina, sepius unacum calyce subob-

liqua. Ovula erecta, basilaria. Bacce 1-rarius 2-sperme.

Flores terminales et axillares. Stipulz libere.

§ Ovarium 4-9-loculare. (Lasianthee).

10. Lasianthus, Jack. Calyx magis minusve dentatus. Styli et ovari

3 loculi 4-9. Frutices erecti; flores glomerati v. cymosi,

axillares.

11. Gynochthodes, Bl. Calycis limbus truncatus. Stylus 2-fidus. Ovarium

4-loculare. Frutices scandentes; flores glomerati, axil-

lares.

Subtrib. 2. VancauERIEm. Ovarium 1- o-loculare, loculi 1l-v. raro fin Po-

lyphragmone) o-ovulati, ovulis lateraliter affixis v. a medio v.

ex apice loculorum pendula. Pyrenz dure et ossex, v. in

putamen durum connate, v. libere et laxiuscule compacta.

Albumen vulgo carnosum.

§ 1. Huvangueriee. Corolla valvata. Ovula lateraliter v.

sub apice affixa.

42. Vangueria, Comm. Stigma discoideum. Ovarium utplurimum 5-locu-

| lare. 3

18. Canthium, Lamk. Ovarium 2-loculare. Drupe didyme, v. abortu

passim sub-l-loculares. (Hic Polyozus, Miq., non Lour.)

§ 2. Guettardee. Corolla imbricata.

* Ovarium 2-loculare, ovulis m loculis singulis 2 pla-

cente centrali affixa. Drupe elongatione placentz

spurie 4-loculares, leculis spuriis 1-spermis. Py-

rene in putamen connate.

14. Seyphiphora, Gertn. Styli2. Drupe angulato-suleate. Ovulum in

loculo superiori spurio erectum, alterum in inferiori pen-

dulum.

* * Ovarium 4-o-loculare, ovulis in loculis solitariis

pendulis. Pyrene in putamen o-loculare con-

nate, loculis monospermis.

1873.] S. Kurz—WNew Burmese Plants. 77

15.

Guettarda, I. Stigma crassum, simplex. Drupe globose, majuscule.

* * * Ovarium pluri-loculare, ovulis in loculis plu-

ribus v. numerosis, secus placentas centrales super-

posita. Drupz baccate, 5-10-loculares, loculi

pyrenas spurias (seminibus testa crustaceo-indu-

rata?) plurimas continentes.

16. Polyphragmon, Desf. Stigmata tot quot ovarii loculi.

Subtrib. 3. Ranprez. Ovarium vy. 1-loculare placentis parietalibus, v.

27.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

293.

24.

seeplus 2-o-loculare, loculis o-ovulatis. Semina libera, nec

pyrenis inclusa. ;

§ 1. Gardeniee. Ovarium 1-loculare, placentis 4-5 parie-

talibus. Corolla imbricata.

Gardenia, L. Flores sepius conspicui. Stigma integrum, sulcato-tor-

tuosum. Bacca magna, -sperma, seminibus in pulpa

nidulantibus.

§ 2. Eurandiee. Ovarium 2-loculare. Corolla imbricata.

* Placenta simplex.

Randia, L. Stigma bilobum; stylus fusiformi-incrassatus. Bacca

magne ; semina in pulpo nidulantia. Arbores v. frutices

erecti.

Griffithia, WA. Stigma bilobum; stylus equalis, haud incrassatus.

Bacce parvee, haud pulpose. Frutices scandentes szpius

armati.

Webera, Schreb. Stigma simplex ; stylus equalis, filiformis. Bacce

parve, epulpose. Arbores v. frutices erecti, inermes.

Diplospora, DC. Stylus 2-fidus. Baccee majuscule, epulpose. Se-

mina in loculis biseriata (an semper ?). Arbores v. fru-

tices erectiinermes. (An potius cum sequenti conjungen-

dum ?)

Hypobathrum, Bl. Stylus 2-lobus. Bacce parve, v. pedicellate,

epulposee. Semina in loculis uniseriata. Frutices erecti.

(Hic Hyptianthera, WA., Petunga, DC. et probabiliter

Scyphostachys, Thw., et Pristidia, Thw.).

* * Placentie 2-fide. Stigma 2-5-lobum.

Mussenda, L. Unus alterve calycis loborum florum exteriorum foli-

aceo-appendiculatus. Antherarum connectivum haud

mucronatum.

Acranthera, Arn. Calycis dentes haud appendiculati, conformes. An-

therarum connectivum mucronato-productum.

§ 3. Urophyllee. Ovarium vulgo 5-6- raro 2-3-loculare.

Corolla valvata.

78 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

25. Adenosacme, Wall. Calyx 5-4-fidus. Corolle faux nuda. Cyme v.

corymbi terminales v. subterminales, raro laterales.

26. Urophyllum, Jack. Calyx integer v. minute denticulatus. Corolle

faux barbata. Florum glomeruli v. cyme axillares.

Trib. III. Crycnonacem. Capsula exsucca, vario modo dehiscens v. raris-

sime indehiscens [vel si carnescens uti in Sarcocephalo, v. bac-

cata (uti in Morindeis) semina semper alata v. appendiculata].

Ovarium 2-o00-loculare, loculis 1- ©-ovulatis. Semina alata,

appendiculata, v. nuda. Stipule interpetiolares vere.

Subtrib. 1. Ovarii loculi 2-4, oo-v. (in Cephalantho ? 1-) ovulati. Capsule

vario modo dehiscentes. Semina plus minusve alata v. appen-

diculata.

§ 1. Morinde@. Flores dense capitati. Ovarium 2-v.

o-loculare, ovula solitaria et erecta v. numerosa

et pendula. Bacce v. drupe baccatz utplurimum

in receptaculo incrassato congregate et seepius in

syncarpium connate.

* Ovula et semina in loculis numerosa, imbricato-pen-

dula.

27. Psilobium, Jack. TBacce elongate, subfolliculares, discrete. Arbores

v. frutices.

* * Ovula et semina in loculis solitaria, erecta.

28. Morinda, L. Bacce sepius in syncarpium connate. Arbores v. fruti-

ces, honnunquam scandentes.

§ 2. Naucleez. Flores in receptaculo incrassato capitati.

Capsule a basi v. alius modi dehiscentes, siccer, v.

raro (in Cephalantho) baccatee.

* Capsule baccatze, a basi dehiscentes.

29. Sarcocephalus, Afz. Capsule baccatz 2-loculares, v. loculis 2 super-

positis sterilibus auctze, in syncarpium connate.

* * Capsule sicce, loculicide- v. septicide in coccos 2-

go-v. raro monospermos dehiscentes.

O. Capsule in coccos 2- w-spermos dehiscentes.

Corolle et calycis lobi dentibus interjectis ca-

rentes.

30. Nauclea, L. Flores bracteolis carentes. Arbores, raro frutices erecti.

31. Stephegyne, Korth. Flores bracteolis angulari-clavatis circumdati.

Arbore8.

OO. Capsule 2-4-loculares, loculis l-ovulatis. Ca-

lycis et corolle lobi in sinubus denticulati.

1873. ] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 79

32. Cephalanthus, L. Flores 4-meri, bracteolis lineari-clavatis circumdati.

Frutices v. arbuscule.

OOO. Capsule 2-loculares, rimis longitudinalibus

dehiscentes. Scandentes.

33. Uncaria, Schreb. Flores sessiles v. pedicellati, bracteolis destituti.

§ 3. Eucinchonee. Flores paniculati v. corymbosi, haud

capitati. Capsule 2-loculares, septicide in valvas

2 v. apice 4-valvatim dehiscentes.

* Capsule in valvas 2 lignosas septicide dehiscentes.

84. Hymenodyction, Wall. Arbores ; inflorescentiz foliis floralibus dis-

coloribus gaudentes.

* * Capsule apice 4-valvatim dehiscentes.

35. Hymenopogon, Wall. Frutices epiphytici; inflorescentia foliis florali-

, bus discoloribus gaudens.

Subtrib. 2. Spermacoce®. Ovarii loculi 2-4, loculis 1-v. pluri-ovulatis.

Capsule vario modo dehiscentes v. in coccos 2-4 separantes,

raro indehiscentes. Semina nunquam alata v. appendiculata,

numerosa v. solitaria.

§ 1. Hedyotidee. Ovula et semina in loculis pluria v.

numerosa, lateraliter affixa.

O Stipule connate v. libere, haud vaginantes v.

setaceo-fimbriate. (Rondeletiez).

* Stigma 2-fidum v. -lobum. Corolla imbricata v. tor-

tuosa. Antherarum loculi mutici.

36. Wendlandia, Bartl. Corolla tubulosa, tortuosa. Capsule apice bival-

vatim dehiscentes, Arbores v. frutices. (Hic Greenia,

WA.)

37. Spiradiclis, Bl. Corolle tubus brevis. Capsule in valvas 2 iterato

bivalvatim separatas marginibus inflexas dehiscentes.

Herbe annue, erect.

38. Ophiorrhiza, L. Corolla infundibuliformis v. tubulosa. Placenta erec-

ta, libera. Capsule compress, divaricato-2-lob, apice

rima loculide-dehiscentes. Herb annue v. perennes.

* * Stigma capitatum. Corolla valvata. Antherarum

loculi in appendicem sterilem setaceum prolongati.

39. Argostema, Wall. Corolla subrotata, limbo 38-7-fido. Capsule apice

valvis 4 dehiscentes. Herbe Melastomacearum habitu.

OO Stipule petiolis adnate et basi vaginantes,

setaceo-ciliate. (Huhedyotidee.)

40. Dentella, Forst. Flores 5-meri, petala 2- v. 8-dentata. Capsule vix

dehiscentes.

80 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. ees ORS

41. Hedyotis, I. Flores 4-meri; petala integra. Capsule loculicide v.

septicide dehiscentes, v. in coccos 2 v. 4 pleiospermos

separantes.

Subg. 1. Oldenlandia. Capsule magis minusve hemi-

spherice et obsolete 2-lob, loculicide dehis-

| centes.

Subg. 2. Dimetia. Capsule apice rima hiante brevi

septicide dehiscentes, magis minusve truncato-

hemispheric et obsolete 2-lobe.

Subg. 3. Metabolos. Capsule septicide dehiscentes v.

subdehiscentes, hemispherice, apice magis

minusve truncate, seepius obsolete 2-lobe.

Subg. 4. Scleromitrion (Alleomorphia, Thw.). Cap-

sulee in coccos 2, v. eorum divisione, 4 inde-

hiscentes pleiospermos separantes, calycis lobis

convergentibus coronate. Calyx magis mi-

nusve ovoideus v. obovatus. An revera genus

proprium ? Spermacocis characteribus gaudens

sed ovulis et seminibus plurimis discrepans et

inter Hedyotidem et Spermacocem quasi inter-

medium.

§ 2. Huspermacocee. Ovula et semina in loculis erecta

et solitaria. Capsulee dehiscentes, v. in coccos

separantes, v. raro indehiscentes.

42. Spermacoce, L. (incl. Hydrophylax, L. f.?) Ovula medio s. sub medio

loculorum affixa. Capsule ab apice septicide dehis-

centes. Herbe annue v. perennes.

43. Knoxia, L. Ovula apice v. sub apice loculorum affixa. Capsule a

basi in coccos 2 caducos separantes, axim persistentem

setaceum relinquentes. Herbze annue v. perennes.

§ 3. Pederiee. Ovula et semina compressa in loculis

pendula et solitaria. Capsule drupzeformes,

crustaceee, v. pergamacee, vix dehiscentes, coccos

2 tenui-membranaceos alatim expansos inclu-

dentes. An potius inter Coffeaceas recipiendee P

44, Pederia, L. Corolla valvata. Folia opposita v. 3-4-na verticillata.

7 Volubiles.

COMBRETACEA.

155. 'TERMINALIA TOMENTELLA, nov. sp.

Arbor magna, novellis adpresse cupreo-pubescentibus ; folia 5-8 poll.

longa, petiolo 8-12 lin. longo apice biglanduloso suffulta, basi ineequali de-

currentia, ovata ad ovato-oblonga, acuta v. subacuta, coriacea, integra, junio-

1873. | _ S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 81

ra subtus dense, adulta parce cupreo-pubescentia v. omnino glabrescentia ;

flores parvi, sessiles, spicati, paniculam parvam ferrugineo- v. fulvo-tomentel-

lam componentes ; bracteolee subulatze, floribus longiores, deciduse ; calycis

lobi triangulares, acuti, extus glabri, intus unacum glandulis hypogynis

albo-lanuginosi ; tubus ovatus, teres, glaberrimus ; drupz poll. vix longa,

ovatz, obsolete 5-gone v. teretes, lutescentes, leves——Pegu, Martaban,

Tenasserim. T. Chebula, Retz., quam maxime affinis, calycis tubo levissi-

mo, indumento copiosiore et fructibus minoribus distat.

BEGONIACEAE.

156. Brconra NIvEA, Parish MS.

Herbula succulenta radice tuberosa ?, subglabra ; folia radicalia 1 v. 2,

obovato-oblonga, apice irregulariter truncato-angulata, basi in petiolum bre-

vissimum crassum glabrum constricta, dentata et parce setuloso-ciliata, pal-

matim 5-nervia, 2-3 poll. longa, membranacea, supra setulis brevibus adsper-

sa, subtus glabra; scapus radicalis, glaberrimus, folio duplo longior, apice

bibracteato, flores 2 v. 3 majusculos candidos gerens ; bractez 2 ovales v. ovali-

oblong, acutze, foliacese, c. 2-8-lin. longze ; flores feminei pedicellis brevio-

ribus, masculi longioribus 1-13 poll. longis glabris, instructi ; sepala et peta-

la obovato-oblonga ad lato-ovalia, c. 5 lin. longa, in femineis aliquanto bre-

viora ; stamina monadelpha; antheree obovato-oblonge, obtuse; styli 2,

basi v. ad medium fere connati, uno 3- altero 2-bifido et glandulis stigmaticis

stipitatis dense obducti; capsule immature glabre, oblongo-ovatee, ine-

quali-3-alate, alis triangularibus et acute productis, medio majore.—Tenas-

serim (Revd. Parish).

157. BrcGonra SUBPERFOLIATA, Parish MS.

Herbula erecta, succulenta, radice tuberosa ? scapigera ; folia radicalia

solitaria, petiolo 13 usque ad 34 poll. longo subvelutino suffulta, ovata ad

ovato-oblonga, vix ineequalia, basi rotundata leviter peltata, obtusiuscule

acuminata, grosse crenato-dentata, 2-3 poll. longa, membranacea, utrinque

pulcherrime concavo-punctata (in vivo probabiliter papilloso-holosericea),

subtus utplurimum subpurpurascentia ; scapus radicalis v. subradicalis, gla-

ber, folio brevior, dichotomo-cymosus, pauciflorus ; bracteze virides, elliptico-

lanceolate, acute, c. lin. longee, papillose ; flores parvi, rosei, pedicellis

eapillaribus glabris ; sepala ovalia, obtusa, 2-3 lin. longa, extus conspicue

venosa ; stamina monadelpha; antheree breves, obovate ; styli 3, alte con-

nati, 2-fidi; capsule c. 3 lin. longee, obovate, glabra, 3-loculares, 3-alate,

alis capsula ipsa latioribus semi-obcordatis ; placentze 2-fidee.—Zenasserim

(Revd. Parish).

158. Bragonta VELUTINA, Parish MS.

Herbula simplex, scapifera, unifoliata, radice parva tuberosa; folium

petiolo 1-3 poll. longo nonnunquam parce pubescente suffultum, cordato-ova-

82 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

tum ad cordato-rotundatum, palmatim 7-nerve, obtusum, v. breve et obtusius-

cule acuminatum, irregulariter et breve lobatum, dentatum et ciliatum, c. 1-2

poll. longum et latum, membranaceum, supra papillosum et pilis minutis

brevibus adspersum, subtus secus nervos adpresse pubescens ; scapi radicales,

folio vulgo sublongiores, glabri, pauciflori ; bracteze minutee, lineares ; flores

majusculi, rosei ? sepala 4 lin. fere longa, lato-ovalia, obtusa ; petala minuta,

lineari-lanceolata, acuminata ; perianthii feminei lobi dimidio breviores ; sta-

mina numerosa, libera; antheree obovate, breves, truncate ; stigmata 3,

libera, apice dilatato in lobos stigmatiferos 2 tortuosos divergentia ; cap-

sule immature obovate, glabree, 3-loculares, anguste 3-alatze alis apice

truncatis ; placentze bifidee.—TZenasserim (Revd. Parish, Dr. Stoliczka).

Begonieé species Burmanice sequenti modo distingui possunt :—

Subg. I. Casparea. DC. Capsule carnose et bacciformes, secus an-

gulos v. alas crassas latas dehiscentes.

Herba robusta glabriuscula ramosa ; styli 4; capsule 4-loculares et 4-

angulares, angulis in appendices cornutos productis, ......... B. Rox«burghir.

Subg. II. Begonia, DC. Capsule siccee, linea semicirculari secus

lateres alarum v. angulorum dehiscentes.

* Styli 2, bifidi v. vario modo dilatati v. ramosi; capsule 2-loculares ;

placentze bifidee.

+ Stamina libera. Capsule inzequali-3-alate, alis 2 anterioribus seepius

ad costam membranaceam reductis.

Herba robusta, ramosa, molliter paleaceo-pilosa ; folia longipetiolata,

RG betes ols kes Eis aoe tele uy sea ee eusies B. laciniata.

Uti prior, sed gracilior et glaberrima; capsula glabra, ... B. megaptera,

Herba robusta subsimplex, molliter paleaceo-pilosa ; folia longipetiolata,

non lobata; capsula paleaceo-pilosa, ........... ......seccesceecceces B. barbata.*

~ + Stamina monadelpha. Maris perianthium 5-lobatum, femineum

5-6-lobatum ; capsulee ineequali-3-alate.

|| Folia et inflorescentia radicalis, illa in petiolum 2-3 lin. longum con-

tracta, ciliata, supra hispida ; flores poll. fere in diametro, candidi,... B. nivea.

|| || Inflorescentia axillaris v. e basi folii orta, v. prolifica e gemma

axillari.

O Non prolifica. Folia alterna v. verticillata, raro numero ad solita-

rium reducta. Flores parvi, albi.

Glabra ; folia alterna, petioli 1-2 lin. longi, ............ B. procridifolia,

Glabra ; folia verticillata, longius petiolata,............... B. verticillata.

Caules petiolique pubescentes ; inflorescentia glabra ; folia alterna, lon-

gepetiolata, supra sparse IMrewla,, ic... .s6--.ccsssen pus soonde B. Martabanica.

* Planta Burmanica, floribus roseis gaudens, ab Assamica paullo differt capsulis

majoribus crassioribus magis pilosis.

a a

‘

‘J

‘1873.] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 83

OO. Prolifica, folio solitario radicali v. foliis paucis alternatis. Flores

parvi, albi.

Magis minusve stellato-velutina ; inflorescentia glabra ; folia alterna v.

eS ae os 6 HG e eo vace 0c. i55 > Leet MOIe Me

Glabra ; folium solitarium, pedunculis 2 v. pluribus ex ipsius basi

SEMEL ap eo NCU et oc ae aha cents .dThb vv TelaavenNols LeUlve B, prolifera.

Caules &c., et inflorescentia conspicue bracteata, paleaceo-pilosa, szepius

epee lANOUIOSIS INGETMIXUS, . 20... ceecs cesses esedesksetseetesssscesse B. paleacea.

ttt Stamina monadelpha ; perianthium utriusque sexus 2-sepalum,

- apetalum.

Herba tenerrima ; folia alterna, supra minute et sparse pilosa ; flores

MEME RS anW- coh inci lkeo bad <arénin:cthoide raids «Walslddnd's ibaicceU B. flaccidissuma.

* * Styli 3, liberi v. connati; capsule 3-loculares et 3-alatze.

+ Placente integre.

Glabra ; inflorescentia radicalis v. subradicalis ; folia radicalia profunde

lobata ; perianthium 2-sepalum, apetalum, ...............08. B. Brandisiana.

++ Placentz bifide.

O Herbe caulescentes foliis caulinis alternatis.

Partes omnes et inflorescentia glabra ; capsulz 3 lin. longe, alis apice

truncatis ; stamina monadelpha, ............sceccesssresesseesee. BD. parvulifiora.

Folia supra sparse setulosa et nitida, czteris precedenti assimilis, at

capsule $ poll. longe; stamina libera, anthere mucronulate ; styli li-

SMEMEEE FGA eg ke Codes adns test Sd okt’ snc cavdeycas sdsdvs soe saves “bb. M0ReRHYfLOrea.

Uti precedens, sed folia opaca et pilosiora; stamina monadelpha, an-

therz connectivo truncato lato terminate ; styli ad medium connati, B.scwtata.

Folia minute et sparse pilosula ; inflorescentia glanduloso-puberula ;

stamina monadelpha, capsule ale semisagittatze basi in lobos obtusos pro-

ductz,..... OMS cc cues vis Ges She «vs evant jeteekessttege: Db. SUreuligera.

OO. Herbe scapigere, foliis et dufiprescontais radicalibus et vulgo solita-

ris.

Folia longissime petiolata, basi peltata, papilloso-punctata et gla-

NENT ais copes a. vee cee fe. ve tases seWeury csv teeteaes B. subperfoliata.

Folia longissime petiolata, cordata, nec peltata, supra papillosa et mi-

Beemrtiaottisy 5) SLAINTHA. LDCR A, i.e cs .ee vec cds vetvcsecs soesesececes B. velutina.

ERICACE AL.

159. VAccINIUM VERTICILLATUM, Kurz, non Wight. (dgapetes ver-

ticillata, D. Don, Gen. Syst. IIT. 862.; DC. Prod. VIT. 554).

Frutex epiphyticus, 2-3 pedalis, glaber; folia obovato-lanceolata ad sub-

cuneato-lanceolata, petiolo brevissimo crassissimo, v. subsessilia, basi attenua-

ta rotundata v. obtusa, 24-34 poll. longa, obtusiuscula v. breviter acuminata,

coriacea, integra v. apicem versus obsolete et remote serrata, glabra, nervis

84: S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

secus marginem anastomozantibus ; flores speciosi, coccinei v. miniati, tubu-

losi, # ad 17 poll. longi, pedicellis subpollicaribus, glanduloso-hirsutis sufful-

ti, umbellam v. potius racemum abbreviatum pauciflorum axillarem forman-

tes v. solitarii v. fasciculati; calyx 5-dentatus, glanduloso-hirsutus, denti-

bus lanceolatis acutis lin. circiter longis ; corolla glabra, 5-gona, lobis lineari-

lanceolatis obtusis ; filamenta 2 lin. fere longa; anthere c. 3 lin. longe,

granulato-tuberculate, in tubos rigidos plus quam poll. longos producte ;

stigma parvum, truncatum v. sub-5-lobo-peltatum ; bacce glanduloso-hir-

sutz, pedunculi apice subcyathiformi-incrassato insidentes, calycis limbo

coronate.

Var. a. genuinum, corolla % poll. tantum longa; flores in racemos

umbelliformes brevipedunculatos dispositi. (Lhibaudia obliqua, Griff., Icon,

Dicot. t. 515).

Var. B. elegans, corolla precedentis sed flores solitarii v. 2-3-ni fasciculati

axillares ; folia vulgo latiora.—Pegu.

? Var y. grandiflorum, corolla duplo longior, flores in racemos umbelli-

formes breve pedunculatos v. sessiles collecti, rarius solitari.—dLartaban,

Tenasservm.

N. B.—V. verticillatum, Wight, Ic, t. 1181. ad V. setigerwm (Agapetes

setigera, Don) pertinet.

160. VAccCINIUM VARIEGATUM (Agapetes variegata, Don, Gen. Syst.

ITI. 862; Ceratostemma variegatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 418; Griff. Icon.

Dicot. t. 502; TLhibaudia variegata, Royle, Ill. Him. Pl. t. 79, f. 1.).

Frutex epiphyticus, 2-8 pedalis, glaber ; folia lanceolata ad obovato-

lanceolata, acuta v. breviter acuminata, petiolis brevissimis crassis, v. sub-

sessilia, basi acuta v. obtusa, 2-3 poll. longa, coriacea, apicem versus obsolete

repando-serrata, glabra, nervis secus marginem anastomozantibus ; flores

coccinel, pedicellis gracilibus glabris sursum cyathiformi-incrassatis suffulti,

in racemos umbelliformes axillares v. supra foliorum delapsorum cicatricibus

ortos pedunculatos glabros dispositi, v. rarius fasciculati v. solitarii ; corolla

glabra, poll. fere longa, tubulosa, lobis obtusiusculis ; calyx glaber, 5-fidus,

lobis oblongis lanceolatis c. 2 lin. longis acutis seepius obsolete costatis et penni-

nerviis ; antherz granulato-tuberculate, filamentis brevissimis suffulte, in

tubos 3-¢ poll. longos producte ; stigma truncatum ; bacce glabre, rubre,

calycis limbo coronate.

Variat: a. macranthum (Ceratostemma variegatum, Roxb, et Wight ;

Thibaudia macrantha, Hook., Bot. Mag. t. 4566.) flores c. 2 poll. longi

v. longiores, variegati.— Zenasserim.

Var. B. parviflora (Thibaudia variegata, Royle) flores dimidio minores,

miniati v.ecoccineii—Wartaban.

1873.] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 85

161. Vaccrntum muoyratum (Ceratostema miniatum, Griff. Icon.

Dicot. t. 504.)

- Frutex epiphyticus glaber ; folia oblongo-lanceolata ad oblonga, acuta

v. acuminata, petiolis brevissimis crassis, v. subsessilia, basi subinaquali

rotundata, 4-5 poll. longa, acuta v. acuminata, repando-serrulata, coriacea,

glabra, subtus nervis numerosis et prominentibus, secus margines evanes-

centibus, laxe et prominenter reticulata; flores coccinei, racemos breves

umbelliformes glabros axillares v. laterales efficientes, raro pauci et fasciculati ;

calyx glaber ; corolla glabra, 5-gona, c. ¢ poll. longa, lobis brevibus linearibus

acutis ; filamenta brevissima, anthere tubo incluse, granulato-tuberculate,

tubis strictis nudis paullulo breviores ; baccee desunt.—Ava ? (Griff)

162. VACCINIUM CAMPANULATUM, nov. sp.

Frutex epiphyticus, glaber, ramulis subangulatis ; folia obovato-oblonga

ad lanceolata, obtusa v. obtusiuscule acuminata cum mucrone, petiolis bre-

vissimis et crassis v. subsessilia, 2-3 poll. longa, basi acuta v. obtusa, integra

v. subintegra, marginibus recurvis, coriacea, glabra, nervis tenuibus secus mar-

ginem liberis, laxe reticulata ; flores coccinei, sepius variegati, pedicellis graci-

libus glabris suffulti, in racemum gracilem sed brevem glabrum szpius e ramis

ortum dispositi; calyx glaber, limbo cyathiformi argute sinuato-5-denta-

to; corolla glabra, ce. ¥ poll. longa, v. paullo longior, 5-angularis, campanula-

ta, lobis longis lanceolatis acuminatis reflexis ; filamenta brevissima ; anthe-

re granulato-tuberculate, loculis in tubos strictos anthera ipsa sublongiores

dorso basi refracto-setosos terminatis.—Wartaban.

163. VACCINIUM MACROSTEMON, nov. sp.

Frutex epiphyticus, 2-4 pedalis, glaber ; folia cum basi crassa rotunda-

ta v. obtusa subsessilia, obovato-lanceolata ad lanceolata, acuminata, 3-5

poll. longa, marginibus integris recurva, coriacea, glabra, nervis tenuibus

marginem versus liberis, tenuiter et laxe reticulata ; flores coccinei, pedicellis

eracilibus glabris in racemos magis minusve elongatos glabros subulato-brac-

teatos solitarie v. geminatim supra foliorum delapsorum axillis ortos disposi-

ti; calyx glaber, limbo cyathiformi, lobis longe subulatis ; corolla c. 14 poll.

longa, glabra, subcurvo-tubulosa, lobis lineari-lanceolatis reflexis ; filamenta

glabra, gracilia, c. $ poll. longa v. longiora ; anthere breviuscule, connate,

leves, loculis in tubos strictos anthera longiores productis ; bacce fusiformi-

ovoides, apice angustatze et calycis limbo cyathiformi coronats.—Jartaban.

164. VACCINIUM PUMILUM, nov. sp.

Frutex ramosissimus, parvus, epiphyticus, novellis pubescentibus ; folia

oblonga ad lanceolato-oblonga, petiolo brevissimo puberulo, basi acuta, ob-

tusiuscula, crenulata, crasse coriacea, ¢. poll. longa v. breviora, subtus (in

vivo albidi) pallida, nervis obsoletis ; flores parvi, pedicellis brevissimis pube-

86 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

rulis, in racemos (2 v. 1) terminales pubescentes bracteatos disgesti ; brac-

te decidue, albze, membranacee, foliaces, ovate, puberule et ciliate ; calyx

pubescens, dentibus oblongo-lanceolatis, acutis, ciliatis ; corolla c. 2 lin. longa,

oblongo-urceolata, lobis brevissimis reflexis, 5-gona, extus glabra, intus in-

primis ad faucem dense villosa, rosea; filamenta brevia, filiformia, apice

pilosa et barbata; anther glabra, loculis in tubum brevem lanceolato-

subulatum basi bisetosum desinentibus ; bacce parve, purpuree, glabra,

calycis limbo coronate.—Martaban.

165 VACCINIUM EXARISTATUM, nov. sp.

Frutex magnus, seepius in arbusculam excrescens, novellis pubescenti-

bus ; folia oblongo-lanceolata ad oblongo-ovata, petiolis puberulis brevibus

suffulta, basi acuta v. obtusiuscula, 13-23 poll. longa, acuta v. breve acumi-

nata, subtus dum juvenilia parce pubescentia, glabrescentia, chartacea, ser-

rulata, penninervia et inconspicue reticulata ; flores albi, pedicellis 1-1} lin.

longis puberulis, racemum secundum gracilem puberulum axillarem forman-

tes ; bractez coccinee, deciduz ; calyx puberulus v. subglaber, lobis triangu-

lari-acutis, corolla 2-23 lin. longa, glabra, urceolata, lobis reflexis brevibus ;

filamenta pilosa, basi dilatata ; antherz tubis brevibus et setis destitutis ter-

minatz ; bacce globose, glabree, rubre, calycis limbo coronate.—Martaban.

Var. a. semipubescens, calyx glaber v. subglaber.

Var. B. pubescens, calyx pubescens.

PRIMULACEA.

166. LystMacHIA LINEARIFOLIA, Griff., MS. in Hb. Griff. 3532.

Herba annua, erecta, stricta, glabra, caulibus teretibus v. subteretibus

simplicibus ped. circiter altis; folia alterna, linearia ad lineari-lanceolata,

utrinque acuminata, 1-13 poll. longa, petiolo gracillimo sed brevi suffulta,

integra, membranacea, glabra; flores parvi, solitarii v. geminati, axillares,

longe pedunculati ; calycis segmenta lineari-subulata, plus quam lineam lon-

ga; pedunculi fructigeri graciles, c. 13 poll. longi—Ava? (Griff). L. pe-

dunculart, Wall., affinis. Lysimachiae sp. Griff. Not. Dicot. 299. t. 484,

speciem mihi distinctam L. Lobelioidi affinem nomine L. Griffithiane saluto.

MYRSINEACEA.

167. Arpists HELFERIANA, nov. sp.

Frutex ? ferrugineo-tomentosus ; folia obovato-oblonga ad oblonga, pe-

tiolis 3-4 lin. longis crassis dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus, breve acuminata,

integra v. obsolete repando-dentata, 3-5 poll. longa, membranacea, utrinque

ferrugineo-pubescentia, nervis lateralibus tenuibus et curvis ; flores parvius-

euli, pedicellis 3-1 poll. fere longis ferrugineo-pilosis sustenti, racemum sub-

umbelliformem ferrugineo-pubescentem pedunculo nudo 3-4 pollicari gracili

— ee oe

1873. | S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 87

axillari suffulto formantes ; calyx ferrugineo-pilosus, lobis oblongo-lanceola-

tis, acutis, lineam circiter longis ; corolla glavra, lobis c. 2} lin. longis, ob-

longis, acutis ; drupz desunt.—Zenasserum (Helf. 3589).

168. ARDISIA SERRULATA, Nov. sp.

Frutex ? novellis tomento minuto ferrugineo obtectis ; folia lanceolata

v. elliptico-lanceolata, basi in petiolum 5-8 lin. longum attenuata, breve

acuminata v. acuta, repando-serrulata, basin versus integra, 4-6 poll. longa,

tenuia et membranacea, glabra, parce punctatia, nervis crebris approximatis,

subparallele-divergentibus et-inconspicuis ; flores parvi, pedicellis gracilibus

- inzequali-longis ferrugineo-puberulis suffulti, densiuscule thyrsoideo racemosi

et paniculam terminalem v. ex axillis foliorum superiorum ortam amplam

ferrugineo-puberulam bracteatam formantes ; bracteze foliacez, lineari-

lanceolatee, 3-6 lin. longe, subtus ferrugineo-lepidosze ; bracteole minores,

lineares; calyx ferrugineo-puberulus, lobis linearibus acutis c. 1 lin.

longis ; corolla subrotata, lobis ovatis acutis c. 2 lin. longis ; drupz desunt.

—Ava/? (Griff. 3562). Inter A. neriifoliam et A. floribundam, Wall., in-

termedia.

169. ARDISIA RIGIDA, nov. sp.

Frutex? novellis probabiliter indistincte ferrugineo-lepidotis ; folia ob--

longo-lanceolata, in petiolum 4-6 lin. longum crassum attenuata, breve et

obtusiuscule acuminata, pergamacea, integra, 6-9 poll. longa, glabra, puncta-

ta, nervis subtus prominentibus et subparallelis ; flores...parvi, pedicellis 3-

% lin. longis crassis minute ferrugineo-puberulis nutantibus suffulti, panicu-

lam terminalem compositam rigidam robustam ferrugineo-puberulam efficien-

tes ; calyx minute et indistincte puberulus, lobis ovatis acutiusculis, vix +

lin. longis, ciliolatis ; corolla... ; drupz immature globose, glabre.— Zenas-

serim or Andamans. (Helf. 3563).

170. Mzsa Muscosa, nov. sp.

Frutex ramis teretibus levibus nitidisque, ramulis...; folia oblonga

ad obovato-oblonga, basi acuta v. acuminata, petiolis 4-1 poll. longis validis

parce puberulis, breve acuminata, grosse sinuato-dentata, pergamacea, 5-7

poll. longa, glabra, costa subtus parce puberula, nervis secus margines in

denticula callosa obtusa excurrentibus ; flores minuti, 5-meri, pedicellis bre-

Vissimis pubescentibus suffulti, breve racemosi, in paniculam axillarem quasi

muscosam petiolis 2-3-pl. longiorem ferrugineo-pubescentem disgesti ; brac-

tez lin. circiter longe, pedicellis longiores, ferrugineo-hirsutule, lineari-acu-

minatz ; bracteole ? ; calyx ferrugineo-hirsutus, lin. fere longus, lobis ovato-

lanceolatis acutis ; corolla tubuloso-campanulata, glabra, calyce duplo lon-

gior, lobis brevibus rotundatis ; ovarium sub-inferior ; stylus calycis lobos

longitudine haud attingens.—Bwrma (Griff. 8556). Ex affinitate IZ mollissi-

88 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

me. M. permollis, species olim a me in hocce diario deseripta (ef. 1871,

p. 66) nunc formam extremam latifoliam JZ. mollissime, Wall., habeo. Formas

intermedias inter ambas species nuper in Burmania haud raro observavi.

SAPOTACEZ.

171. IsonanpRA CALOPHYLLA, Kurz, in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871. 69.

Arbor mediocris, novellis dense adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; folia

elliptica v. elliptico-oblonga, petiolis 4-5 lin. longis cupreo-puberulis gla-

brescentibus, breve acuminata, integra, marginibus recurvulis, 4-7 poll. lon-

ga, chartacea, minute ferrugineo- v. cupreo-sericea glabrescentia, supra niti-

da, nervis lateralibus prominentibus validis, transverse tenui-venosa ; flores

nondum reperti ; fructus pruni magnitudinis, pedunculo nutante, 1-1} polli-

cari subglabro axillari sustenti, elliptico-ovati, apiculati, dense ferrugineo-

puberuli, 1-2-spermi, basi calyce persistente 6-partito lobis ovatis supportati ;

semina semi-oblonga, 13 poll. fere longa, lucida, brunnea.— Andamans.

EBENACEA.

172. GUNISANTHUS MOLLIS, nov. sp.

Arbuscula ramis novellisque brunneo-pubescentibus ; folia petiolo bre-

vissimo (c. 1 lin.) suffulta, anguste oblonga v. oblongo-lanceolata et szepius

basin obtusam versus subangustata, obtusiuscule acuminata, 3-4 poll. longa,

chartacea, supra secus costam et subtus omnino molliter pubescentia ; flores

ochracei, extus dense pubescentes, pedicellis 4-6 lin. longis pilosis suffulti,

racemos breviusculos pilosos efficientes ; calycis lobi lineari-lanceolati, ¢. 3

lin. longi, tubo multo breviores ; corollz lobi tubo calycino paullulo longio-

res, feminei fructusque adhuc ignoti. Diospyros mollis, Kurz MS. olim.—

Martaban. |

173. DIOSPYROS SAPOTOIDES, nov. sp.

Arbor mediocris, novellis parce ferrugineo-pubescentibus mox glabres-

centibus ; folia elliptico-oblonga ad elliptica, basi obtusa, petiolo vix semi-

pollicari glabrescente crasso suffulta, 6-8 poll. longa, breve et obtusiuscule

acuminata, integra, coriacea, reticulatione laxissima subtili et immersa

pereursa ; flores hermaphrodito-feminei 4-meri, flavescenti albi, us D. sapote

assimiles, subsessiles, glomerati, pedunculo crassissimo axillari brevissimo ;

calyx extus ferrugineo-pubescens, lobi ovato-lanceolati marginibus reflexi et

basi auriculato-complicati, 3 lin. fere longi, acuminati; corolle tubus

urceolatus, calyce sub-duplo longior, extus ferrugineo-pubescens, lobis

obovatis tubi fere longitudinis ; stamina c. 12, tubo basi inserta, glabra,

ineequalia ; antherz ovato-lanceolate, acuminate ; filamenta filiformia, glabra ;

ovarium ovatum, glaberrimum, stylo moderate longo 4-fido; flores masculi

fructusque desunt.—Pegu.—D. undulate arcte affinis, sed ovario glaberrimo

discrepat.

’ -

1873.) S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 89

STYRACACEZZ.

174, SYMPLOCOS PEDICELLATA, nov. sp.

Arbor mediocris subgracilis, novellis sparse adpresse sericeis ; folia

elliptico-lanceolata ad lanceolata, in petiolum 4—5 lin. longum gracilem

glabrum attenuata, subcaudato-acuminata, obsolete crenato-serrulata, 4-5

poll. longa, tenuiter pergamacea, glabra, opaca, nervis et reticulatione laxa

subtilibus ; flores ignoti; racemi graciles compositi paniculam depauperatam

subsessilem minute adpresse pubescentem axillarem vy. supra foliorum delap-

sorum cicatricibus ortam efficientes; bractez case; bracteole + lin. vix

_ long, minutz, ovato-acut, glabra, decidue ; pedicelli vulgo 2 lin. longi,

minute adpresse pubescentes ; baccae immature ovoidex, 3-4 lin. longa,

leves, teretes, calycis limbo coronatae, putamen pergamaceum monosper-

mum includentes ; calycis lobi sub fructu lato-ovati, obtusi, c. 3 lin. longi,

glabri. Martaban.—S. lucide, Wall., affinis, pedicellis distinguitur.

175, SYMPLOCOS LEIOSTACHYA, nov. sp.

Arbor v. frutex subglaber; folia elliptico-lanceolata ad lanceolata,

petiolis 3-4 lin. longis sparse hirtis suffulta, acuminata, crenato-serrulata,

2-4 poll. longa, subchartacea, supra lucida, subtus secus costam validam

nervosque parce adpresse pubescentia, nervatione tenui et inconspicua per-

cursa ; flores parvi, pedicellis gracilibus 1-1} lin. longis glabris suffulti,

racemos numerosos graciles simplices glabros ex apice ramorum orientes

efficientes ; bractez pedicelli basi insert, lin. circiter long, lanceolate,

acute, glaberrime; bracteole sub calyce 2, bracteis subconformes sed

minute ; calyx levis, lobis ovatis obtusis,c. 3 lin. longis ; corolla rotata,

lobis ovato-oblongis, obtusis, c. 1 lin. longis ; stamina numerosa, ineequalia,

basi tubo brevissimo inserta ; baccas nondum vidi.—Zenasserim (Helf-3656).

176. SYMPLOCOS LEUCANTHA, nov. sp.

Arbuscula glabra; folia oblongo ad elliptico-lanceolata, basi sub-inzequa-

lia, petiolo 2-3 lin. longo inserta, breve et obtusiuscule acuminata, 3-4 poll.

longa, crenulato-dentata, chartacea, glabra ; flores albi, fragrantes, pedicellis

brevissimis vix 4 lin. longis crassis canescenti-tomentosis suffulti; racemi

breves, tomentosi, axillares, bracteis nonnullis ovatis extus pubescentibus

caducis sustenti; calyx glaberrimus v. ejus lobi ovati obtusi extus pubes-

centes, ciliolati, c. 2 lin. longi; petala obovato-oblonga, calycis lobis duplo

longiora ; stamina glabra, inzqualia, 5-adelpha, phalangibus basi loborum

insertis ; ovarium stylusque longus parce pubescens; drupa non visa,—

Pegu. Ex affinitate S. erategioidis, Don.

APOCYNE.

177. TABERNHMONTANA OPHIORRHIZOIDES, Nov. sp.

Frutex 2-4 ped. altus, glaber ; folia obovato-oblonga ad lato-lanceolata

in petiolum brevissimum (2-3 lin.) attenuata v. foliorum nonnulla subsessi-

90 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

lia, breve acuminata, 3-5-poll. longa, integra, membranacea, glabra, subtus

pallida ; flores pedicellis 1-14 lin. longis suffulti, cymas 38, v. raro 2, v. plures

breve pedunculatas, v. nonnunquam subsessiles, glabras paucifloras in ramulo-

rum superiorum furcationibus sitas efformantes ; calyx glaber, brevissimus,

5-fidus, segmentis lineam vix longis, lanceolatis, acutis ; corolle tubus sub-

erassus, c. 4 lin. longus, apice inflatus, lobis tubo vix dimidio brevioribus ;

folliculi... —Adartaban. T. rostrate, Wall., affinis videtur, a qua inter alia

eorolla duplo breviore differt.

178. TABERNEMONTANA MEMBRANIFOLIA, nov. sp.

_ Frutex 3-4 pedalis, glaber ; folia lanceolata ad lato-lanceolata, in petio-

lum 3-5 lin. longum attenuata, 3-5 poll. longa, longe et graciliter acuminata,

integra, membranacea, glabra, subconcolora ; flores albi, pedicellis gracilibus

4-6 lin. longis glabris inserti ; cymez vulgo binz, breve pedunculatze, dicho-

tomo-ramose, glabre, laxe, corymbiformes in ramulorum superiorum furca-

tionibus site ; bracteze nulla v. minut et decidue ; calyx minutus, lobis

lineari-subulatis, lineam vix longus; corolle tubus gracilis ¢ poll. longus,

infra medio circa antheras leviter inflatus, lobi lineari-lanceolati, acuminati,

tubo dimidio cireiter breviores ; folliculi desunt.—WMartaban. 7. subcapita-

te, Wall., affinis, sed calyce jam distincta.

BIGNONIACELL.

179. SPATHODEA VELUTINA, nov. sp.

Arbor, novellis fulvo-puberulis ; folia impari-pinnata, 1-13 ped. longa,

petiolo glabro striato basin versus 1-2 foliolis diminutis stipuliformibus

munita ; foliola 4-juga cum impari longe petiolato, basi inzequalia, sessilia v.

subsessilia, oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, 4-6 poll. longa, serrulata, mem-

branacea, glaberrima ; inflorescentia deest; calyx spathaceus, recurvato-

acuminatus, extus fulvescenti-velutinus, c. 13 poll. longus ; corolla c. 3 polli-

caris, campanulato-infundibuliformis, glabra, tubo pollicari constricto, fila-

menta glabra, tubo supra constrictione inserta; capsula deest.—dAva, Pegu

(Dr. Brandis).

180. HETEROPHRAGMA SULFUREA, nov. sp.

Arbor mediocris decidua, novellis tomento fugaceo canescenti-villoso

obductis ; folia impari-pinnata, 2-3 ped. longa, rachi petioloque fugaciter

floccoso-tomentoso ; foliola) 4-5-juga cum impari longe petio lato, elliptica et

ovato-elliptica ad ovalia, juniora obtusiuscule apiculata v. obtusiuscula et

obsolete serrata, basi rotundata v. obtusa, sessilia v. brevissime petiolulata,

4-6 poll. longa v. longiora, chartacea, parce puberula, supra mox glabrescen-

tia ; flores sulfurei, conspicui, pedicellis cinerascenti- v. flavescenti-tomentosis

3-4 lin. longis suffulti, paniculas breves terminales dense tomentosas efficien- _

tes ; calyx 3-# poll. longus v. brevior, campanulatus, usque ad medium fissus,

1873.] S. Kurz--New Burmese Planis. ° 91

distincte 3- v. 2-lobatus v. dentatus, extus cinerascenti-tomentosus, intus

_ glaber; corolla infundibuliformis, glaberrima, tubo pollicari v. longiori, lobi

patentes tubo plus quam duplo longiores, undulato-crispati; capsule usque

2 pedales, iis Spathodee stipulate assimiles, elongato-lineari-oblonge, com-

pressiuscule, dense fumoso-tomentosx, septo brevi et valde reducto, medio

septi instar dilatato ; semina elongato-membranaceo-alata, c. 2 poll. longa.—

Prome, Pegu.

181. Sparnopra anna, Kurz, in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. XL, p. 77

descripta, potius generis novi typum prebet, calyce tantum usque ad medium

fisso circumscisse deciduo spathaceo, filamentis usque ad medium corolle

adnatis, antherarum loculis parallelis, nec non foliis decompositis a Spatho-

dea distingui potest et sub nomine Mayodendri (in honorem viri nobilissimi

Mayo, proregis infausti Indie orientalis, dictum) in narratione mea officiali

de sylvis Burmanicis fusius descripsi et iconibus illustravi.

182. STEREOSPERMUM NEURANTHUM, nov. sp.

Arbor mediocris, novellis molliter pubescentibus ; folia impari-pinnata,

juniora presertim subtus pubescentia, 1-14 ped. longa; foliola 3 v. 2-juga

eum impari longe petiolato, basi subinzequali acuta v. obtusa, petiolulo crasso

1-2 lin. longo suffulta, obtusiuscula v.. obtusiuscule apiculata, 2-4, nonnun-

quam usque ad 5-6, poll. longa, integra, rigide chartacea, juniora subtus

canescenti-tomentosa denuo magis minusve scabrescentia, supra scabrescentia

glabrescentia et subrugulosa ; flores conspicul, pallide lilacini v. cyanescenti-

albi, atropurpureo-venosi, pedicellis 4-7 lin. longis pubescentibus apicem ver-

sus bibracteolatis, in paniculam breviusculam subcymiformem pubescen-

tem terminalem dispositi; calyx c. 4 lin. longus, pubescens, breviter 4-lobus ;

corolla campanulato-infundibuliformis, subcurva, puberula, lobis leviter undu-

lato-crispatis ; capsule elongato-lineares, cylindrico-4-gone, glabre, 1-14

ped. long ; semina et septum uti in 8. chelonioide.—Pegu.

ACANTHACEZL.

183. RUELLIA FLACCIDA, nov. sp.

Herba debilis, pilosa, ramosa et suberecta, 13-2 pedalis, caulibus longe

et patenter pilosis ; folia ovata, basi contracta et in petiolum gracilem pilo-

sum 3-7 poll. longum attenuata, obtusa, 13-2 poll. longa, membranacea,

obsolete crenato-dentata, presertim supra parce pilosa; flores parviusculi,

pallide ccerulei, inter bracteas foliaceas obovato-oblongas obtusas v. emargi-

natas pilosas fimbriatas vulgo solitarii et sessiles ; calyx 3 lin. fere longus, lobis

linearibus, ciliatis et pilosis ; corollac. 6 lin. longa, tubuloso-infundibuli-

formis, glabra, tubo breviusculo, lobis brevibus rotundatis ; stamina 4,

_ filamenta longe pilosa ; stylus simplex, 6 lin. fere longus, glaber; ovarium

glabrum.—Pegu.

92 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

184. RUELLIA MACROSIPHON, nov. sp. (R. sp. T. And. in Linn. Proc.

IX. 461 in nota).

Herba perennis ? subsimplex, 2-8 pollicaris, caulibus hirsutis, novellis

pilis albis crispis sublanuginosis ; folia lineari-lanceolata v. linearia, c. 2 poll.

longa, acuminata, in petiolum brevissimum attenuata, integra, membranacea,

ciliata, utrinque presertim secus nervos hirsutula; flores magni, solitarii,

sessiles, bracteis 2 foliaceis pedunculum brevem axillarem terminantibus

insidentes ; bractez lineari-lanceolatx, calyce pluries longiores, structura et

indumento foliis similes ; calycis segmenta lineari-subulata, c. 24 poll. longa,

minute puberula ; corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformis, ¢. 2 poll. longa, extus

parce pilosula, lobis magnis rotundatis, tubo pollicari gracili in corolle par-

tem efflatam sensim ampliato ; stylus longissimus, parce hirsutus ; stamina

4, subzquilonga, inclusa ; filamenta gracilia, parce hirsuta.—Prome ? (Col.

Hyre). 2. suffruticose, Roxb., arcte affinis.

185. SrroBiLANTHES (HeMIGRAPHIS) BURMANICA, nov. sp.

Herba decumbens ramosissima pilis albis patentibus cum glanduliferis

intermixtis vestita, cauli ramisque 4-gonis ; folia ovata ad ovato-lanceolata,

basi in petiolum 3-2 poll. longum pilosum angustata, obtusiuscula, 14-2 poll.

longa, membranacea, crenato-dentata, utrinque parce pilosa; flores pallide

cyanel, passim solitarii et axillares, frequentius autem in spicas longiores v.

breviores foliaceo-bracteatas pilosas pedunculatas axillares et terminales dis-

gesti; bractez ovato-lanceolat, obtusiuscule, integre, parce pilose et longe

ciliate, inferiores usque ad 7 lin. longe; bracteole nulle ; calyx pilosus,

segmentis linearibus 4 lin. longis ; corolla rugata, 6 lin. circiter longa, gla-

bra, ore pubescens, sensim in tubum attenuata, lobis obtusis rotundatis ;

antherz 2-loculares, pallide violacee ; filamenta crassa, piloso-barbata ; sty-

lus inzyuali-2-fidus ; capsule 4 lin. longe, compresso-4-gonz, obovato-li-

neares, acute, glabra, a basi fere 8-sperme ; semina plus quam # lin. in dia-

metro, anguste marginata.—Ava, Prome, Pegu. WS. (Hemigraphidi) Pa-

vale@, quacum cl. T. Anderson confudit, affinis.

186. SrRoRtLANTHES (HEMIGRAPHIS) GLANDULOSA ( Hemigraphis glan-

dulosa, T. And. MS. in Kurz, And. Rep. App. B. 13.)

Herba ramosa, glanduloso-puberula ; folia lanceolata v. oblongo-lanceo-

lata, obtusiuscule acuminata, in petiolum glandulosum brevem attenuata,

2-24 poll. longa (superiora minora) repando-dentata, presertim subtus

secus costam glanduloso-puberula, supra glabrescentia; flores parviusculi,

pulchre lutei, in axillis bractearum foliacearum vulgo solitarii, spicas 1 v. 2

axillares et terminales interruptas longe-pedunculatas foliaceo-bracteatas

efformantes ; bracteze foliis caulinis similes sed multo minores, obtusze, supe-

riores sensim minores ; bracteolze calyce breviores, obovato-oblongee, viscoso-

hirsutee ; calycis segmenta lineari-spatulata, obtusa, glanduloso-hirta, c. 25

J ’

~~ "ap

1873.} S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 93

lin. longa; corolla e. 3. lin. longa, campanulato-infundibuliformis, tubo brevi

extus puberulo intus levi, lobis rotundatis ; stylus et filamenta glabra ; cap-

sul clavate, compressiuscule-4-gone, calycis longitudine v. paullo longio-

res, apiculate, glanduloso-puberule, abortu vulgo 2-3-spermz.—AdAndamans.

Ex affinitate 8S. (Hemigraphis) Griffithiane.

187. SrropitantHEs NEESII, nov. sp.

Frutex magnus, 10-12 pedalis, ramulis puberulis glabrescentibus ; folia

lanceolata ad oblongo-lanceolata, breve acuminata, in petiolum 3-14 poll.

longum attenuata, obsolete repando-dentata, 5-7 et szepius usque ad 10 poll.

- Jonga, membranacea, utrinque pilis minutis adpressis adspersa, subtus secus

eostam puberula ; flores majusculi, in spicas densas bracteatas sessiles denuo

elongatas laxas interruptas axillares et terminales dispositi ; bractee infe-

riores v. potius folia floralia foliaceze, valde caduce, ce. $ poll. longz v. lon-

giores, setis brunneis ciliate, apicem versus fisse et serratz ; bractez vere

oblongo-lineares, calyce breviores, apicem versus vulgo parce serrate, acumi-

natissime, glanduloso-pilose ; bracteolz 2, calycis longitudine, lineari-lan-

ceolate, acuminate, basi attenuate, glanduloso-hirsute ; calycis segmenta

c. 6 lin. longa, v. longiora, linearia, canescentia, ciliata, acumen versus sx-

pius glanduloso-hirsuta ; corolla 14-13 poll. longa, purpurea, extus glabra,

intus fauce secus plicam duplicatam pubescens, tubo longo et gracili; sta-

mina 2 (?); filamenta glabra, filiformia, alte adnata; stylus hirsutus ; cap-

sulz lineari-clavatz, calyce paullo longiores, glabra, acumine parce hirtule,

4-sperme; semina sericea.—artaban. WS. jfimbriate, N. E., maxime

affinis, sed indumento glanduloso nigrescente, corolla et filamentis glabris.

differt.

188. STROBILANTHES F@TIDISSIMA, nov. sp.

Herba ramosa, caulibus divaricatis subteretibus, plus minusve dense ful-

vo-pilosa ; folia ovata, basi in petiolum longum gracilem fulvescenti-pilosum

attenuata, acuminata, membranacea, 3-5 poll. longa, serrato-dentata, utrin-

que albido v. ochrascenti-hirsuta ; flores cyanei, conspicui, spicam laxiuscu-

lam brevem albido-pubescentem pedunculo ‘brevi axillari dense fulvescenti-

hirsuto suffultam v. subsessilem efformantes ; bractee obovato-cuneate, ec.

8 lin. long, obtusze, herbacez, glanduloso-hirsutz ; bracteole bracteis con-

formes sed angustiores et subbreviores ; calyx bractearum longitudine, adpresse

glanduloso-puberulus, segmentis profunde lobulatis ; corolla14 poll. fere longa,

glabra; filamenta glabra; stylus hirsutus; capsule c. 8 lin. longe, glaber-

rime ; semina fere 2 lin. in diametro, adpresse villosa.—artaban. SS. rufe-

scenti affinis.

189. STROBILANTHES PTEROCAULIS, nov. sp.

Herba annua, robusta, erecta, ramosa, sparse hirsuta, caulibus_crassius-

eulis quadrangulari-alatis, alis herbaceis dense fimbriatis ; folia 8-12 poll.

94 8. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

longa, obovato-oblonga, basi angustato-cuneata ciliata in petiolum crassum

brevissimum (2-3 lin.) decurrentia, breve acuminata, crenato-dentata, mem-

branacea, utrinque plus minusve hirsuta; flores parvi, flavescentes, spicas

breves dense bracteatas glandulosas 3-4-nas in paniculam axillarem disposi-

ti; pedunculi et ramificationes acute 4-angulati, anguste alati, et dense hir-

suto-ciliati ; bracteze obovato-cuneatee, obtuse, 3-4 lin. longe, glanduloso-

fimbriatze et apice pilis hyalinis articulatis glanduloso-hirsute ; bracteole 2,

calycis longitudine, obovato-linearia, apice glanduloso-hirsute ; calycis seg-

menta linearia, obtusiuscula, 3 lin. fere longa, hyalino-chartacea, apice parce

glanduloso-hirsuta ; corolle omnes casz ; capsulz calycis longitudine v. paul-

lulo longiores, lineari-oblonge, 4-angulares, apice hirsute, 4-spermze.—Pegu.

St. inbricate, NE., affinis.

190. STRoBILANTHES KARENSIUM, nov. sp.

Herba perennis, ramosa, magis minusve albo-hirsuta ; folia caulina in-

feriora brevissime petiolata, superiora subsessilia, ovata, brevissime acumina-

ta, membranacea, crenata, utrinque hirsuta, 2-3 poll. longa v. longiora ; spice

breves, densiuscule, infra basi foliolis nonnullis floralibus subsessilibus hirsu-

tissimis sustentse, pedunculo stricto hispido terminali v. axillari suffulte ;

bracteze lineares, c. 4 lin. long, obtusiuscule, dense glanduloso-pubescentes ;

bracteolz lineari-subulatz, glanduloso-pubescentes ; calyx subscariosus, brac-

teolarum longitudine, segmentis lato-linearibus albido-marginatis sursum

pubescentibus ; corolla cyanea, pollicem fere longa, glabra; filamenta secus

partem adnatam hirsuta; capsule bracteolarum longitudine, dorso pubes-

centes.—Martaban. Habitu S. acrocephali, characteribus. essentialibus au-

tem S. glomerate proxima.

191. S. SUBFLACCIDA, nov. sp.

Herba gracilis, glabra, caulibus obsolete 4-gonis sulcatis; folia lanceo-

lata ad oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, basi in petiolum } poll. longum atte-

nuata, repando-dentata, flaccida, membranacea, 5-6 poll. longa, supra glabra

subtus pilis minutis adpressis albidis adspersa ; spicee dense et minute adpresse

hirsute ; bracteze lato-obovato-oblonge ad oblonge v. obovato-lanceolatee,

obtusissime v. emarginatee, minute puberule, enervie, (purpureo ?) colorate,

e. 2 lin. longee ; bracteolee paullo breviores, minus obovate, 1-nervize, minute

adpresse pubescentes ; calyx bilabiatus, labio superiore glabro usque ad 3,

partem trilobo, lobis obtusis obsolete ciliatis, labio inferiore fere usque ad

basin bifido, lobis linearibus obtusis, l-nerviis extus minute pubescentibus 5

capsule 2-24 lin. longe, calycem non superantes, clavato-oblonge, glabree.—

Tenaserim. (Helf. 6114).

192. STROBILANTHES DASYSPERMA, nov. sp.

Herba erecta, ramosa, subglabra, 3-4 pedalis ; folia inferiora magna, 6-8

poll. longa, oblongo-lanceolata ad lanceolata, basi cuneata in petiolum bre-

}

1873.] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. — 95

viusculum decurrentia, acuminata, serrato-dentata, membranacea, ciliata et

supra pilis raris brevibus adspersa, subtus glabra et subglaucescentia ; supe-

riora caulina multo minora et basi magis rotundata, v. cordata, ovata, haud

decurrentia, breve petiolata v. summa sessilia ; flores cyanei, in capitula par-

va glanduloso-puberula pedunculata congesti, paniculam spuriam terminalem

glanduloso-puberulam efformantes ; bracteze parvee, oblonge, acute, glandu-

lose ; calyx glandulosus, segmentis linearibus 3 lin. fere longis; corolla

glabra, infundibuliformis, poll. fere longa ; filamenta et stylus sparse pilosi ;

capsule calycis longitudine, obovato-4-gone, glanduloso-pubescentes, 4-sper-

me, seminibus stupposo-villosulis.—Pegu. Habitu S. Berhaavioidis, T.

And., assimilis, floribus capitatis &c., autem in vicinitatem S. pentstemonoidis,

T. And., referenda.

198. BARLERIA STENOPHYLLA, nov. sp.

Herba perennis, inermis, 1-14 pedalis, subglabra, ramis erectis gracilibus;

omnibus partibus plus minusve nitentibus ; folia anguste linearia, 3-4 poll.

longa, c. 2 lin. lata, spinescenti-acuta, subsessilia, coriacea, integra, supra

adpresse hirsutula et sublucida ; flores magni, sessiles, fasciculati, bracteati

axillares et terminales ; bracteze lucide, rigidee, ovato-lanceolatze, pungenti

acuminatee, spinescenti-ciliatee, extus secus costam adpresse hirsute ; sepala

exteriora oblonga, apice 2-fida, rigide ciliata, poll. fere longa, glabra ; inte-

riora brevissima, lineari-lanceolata, adpresse pubescentia ; corolla circ. 2-pol-

licaris, puberula, cyanea ?, tubo gracili sesquipollicari, lobis 8 lin. longis,

rhomboideo-oblongis apiculatis crenatis; capsule desunt.—Ava (Dr. J.

Anderson).

194. NEURACANTHUS GRANDIFLORUS, Nov. sp.

Herba divaricata v. suberecta, subrigida, ramis retrorse-hirsutis v. lineis

2 v. 4 retrorse villosis notatis ; folia parva, 13-2 poll. longa, vulgo obovata

v. oblonga, obtusiuscula v. breve acuminata, basi in petiolum brevissimum

latum attenuata v. superiora subsessilia, obsolete dentata, membranacea, gla-

berrima ; flores majusculi, pallide v. intense cyanei, spicas elongatas densas

y. laxas subtetragonas hirsutas rigide-bracteatas ex foliorum axillis v. e rhizo-

mate protrusas efficientes ; bractez ovato-lanceolate, rigide, 5-nervie,

pubescentes et hirsutze, acuminate, pungentes ; calyx bilabiatus, pubescens,

secus seementa linearia parce pilosus, prominenter 5-costatus ; corolla 3 poll.

longa, rugata, lobis obtusis ; capsulee tetragono-lanceolats, acuminate, gla-

bree, 3 lin. longe, 4-spermee ; semina sericeo-splendentia.—Prome.

195. NEURACANTHUS SUBUNINERVIS, nov. sp.

Herba erecta, probabiliter 1-2 ped. alta; folia adulta &c., ignota ; flores

albi, parvi, in spicas laxiuscule-bracteatas subtetragonas glandulosas et parce

pilosas e rhizomate protrusas disgesti; bractez lanceolate, pungenti-acumi-

nate, rigide membranaces, c. 3 lin. longx, concavee, medio prominenter

96 8. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

costates, costis autem 4 lateralibus obsoletis, glanduloso-puberule, secus ner-

vos pilosze ; bracteole bractearum longitudine, falcato-lineares, sub-3-nervie,

acuminate, glanduloso-puberulee et piloso-ciliatee ; calyx profunde, fere usque

ad basin, 5-fidus, nervis evanidis, glanduloso-puberulus et piloso-ciliatus,

lobo superiore majore ec. 4 lin. longo, lineari, acuto, lobis lateralibus paullo

brevioribus, subulatis, 2 inferioribus basi tantum connatis et angustioribus ;

corolla alba, intus preesertim ad labellum brunneo-maculata, extus puberula,

4 lin. fere longa, tubo 2 lin. longo; labium superius emarginatum, margini-

bus reflexum, inferius 3-lobum, lobis oblongis rotundatis mediano sub-bre-

viorl ; ‘antherarum loculi compressi, barbatz, obliquee ; filamenta brevissima,

fauci inserta ; reliqua ignota.—Prome.

196. LEprmacaTHis sTropinina, 7. And. MS.

Herba 1-2-pedalis, glabra caulibus teretibus elevato-4-lineatis ; folia

lanceolata, basi cuneata in petiolo decurrentia, acuminata, membranacea,

integra, 7-8 poll. longa, glabra et nitentia; capitula florum laxa, terminalia,

majora; bracteee c. poll. longee, oblongo-lanceolatee, acuminate, tenuiter

chartaceze purpureo-lilacino-tincte, l-nervize et reticulatze, glanduloso-pube-

rule ; bracteole bracteis conformes, angustiores ; calyx magnus ; corolla

magna, purpureo-lilacina, poll. fere longa, infundibuliformis, tubo brevi;

capsule desunt.—Jlartaban. (Revd. Parish).

197. JUSTICIA DASYCARPA, Nov. sp.

Herba ramosa, 13-3 pedalis, subglabra, caulibus szepius lineis 4 hirtulis:

notatis ; folia ovata, passim subobliqua, in petiolo gracili longo decurrentia,

3-5 poll. longa, breve acuminata, integra, membranacea ; pilis minutis ad-

pressis scabra ; flores parvi, candidi, spicas breves laxe bracteatas solitarias

axillares v. plures terminales efformantes ; bracteze ovate ad ovato-orbicula-

res, brevissime acuminate, 3-4 lin. longe, membranacee, virides, sparse

ciliatz ; bracteole calyce paullo longiores, lineari-lanceolatee, puberulz ; calyx |

14 lin. longus, puberulus, lobis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis; corolla 33-4

poll. longa, labio superiore oblongo obtuso, inferiore 3-lobo ; antherz albe ;

capsule fere 4 lin. longz, clavate, dense puberule, 4:-sperme ; semina ver-

ruculoso-aspera.—Lartaban. J. Atkinsoniane, T. And., affinis, sed floribus

longe distat.

198. JUSTICIA CALONEURA, nov. sp.

Herba perennis, erecta, glabra, 2-3 pedalis ; folia elliptico-oblonga ad

lanceolata, acuta v. acuminata, basi cuneata et secus petiolum totum foliaceo

decurrentia, 6-8 poll. longa, integra v. subintegra, membranacea, glabra v.

subtus secus nervos laterales numerosos approximatos fugaciter adpresse

puberula ; spice glabree, terminales, pedunculis brevissimis v. sessiles ; bracteze

decussatim opposites, sub-or biculares, acute v. apiculate, ciliate, c. 3 poll.

longe, virides et nervose ; bracteole lineari-lanceolatee, acuminate ; calycis

400) capi <a = er ey oh

a + -

1873. ] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 97

segmenta linearia, minute pubescentia ; corolla } poll. longa, extus puberula,

intus secus filamentorum bases adnatas villosa, straminea, labio inferiori 3-

lobo obscure-striato, labio superiore paullo longiore, concavo, 2-denticulato ;

capsule desunt.—artaban. Precedenti affinis.

199. JUSTICIA FLAVA, nov. sp.

Herba 2-3 pedalis, erecta, ramosa, subglabra, ramis (presertim superio-

ribus) 6-5-gonis, parce hirsutulis ; folia ovata ad ovato-lanceolata, basi an-

gustata et in petiolum longiorem v. breviorem indistincte hirsutum decur-

rentia, acuminata, 4-6 poll. longa, integra, membranacea, siccando nigrescen-

tia, utrinque pilis raris brevibus adspersa ; flores lutescentes, pedicellis bre-

vissimis, in racemos breves cymeeformes paucifloros glabros axillares petioli

eirciter longitudinis dispositi; bractex et bracteole remote, lineares, parve,

glabre ; calyx glaber, c. 13 lin. longus, lobis lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis ;

corolla c. 33-4 lin. longa extus secus venas pubera, tubo brevi, labio superiore

concavo, inferiore 3-lobo, faucem versus rugato, lobis rotundatis ; filamenta

glabra ; anthera inferior calcarata; capsule clavate, tumide, acute, glabre

2 poll. fere long, 4-sperme ; semina minute rugulosa.—Martaban.

200. DICLIPTERA SPECIOSA, nov. sp.

Herba annua, erecta, ramosa, 1-3 pedalis, pilosa, caulibus sub-teretibus

lineis 4 elevatis notatis plus minusve glabrescentibus ; folia ovata ad ovato-

oblonga et lanceolata, in petiolum pilosum v. substupposo-ciliatum 1-2 poll.

longum decurrentia, breve acuminata, 5-7 poll. longa, integra, membranacea,

utrinque pilis crispatis adspersa; flores albi, raro pallide cyanei, in cymas

brachiatas longius v. brevius pedunculatas glanduloso-pubescentes v. pilosas

congregati et paniculam magis minusve compositam efficientes ; bracteze

obovato-lineares, obtuse (v. in var. B acute), c. 3-4 lin. longe ; bracteole

dimidio breviores, lineari-subulate ; calyx bracteolis vix brevior, minute

puberulus, segmentis subzqualibus, lneari-subulatis et minute ciliolatis ;

corolla 7-8 lin. longa, resupinata, tubo 25 lin. fere longo, labio superiori

lineari-lanceolato, obtuso, lobo mediano brevi reflexo, labio inferiore 3-lobo,

eymbiformi-complicato, lobis 2 lateralibus horizontaliter patentibus rotunda-

tis ; antheree superposite, albz ; capsule lato obovato-cuneate, glanduloso-

puberulee, c. 4 lin. long, 4:-sperme ; semina verruculis minutis flavescenti-

bus aspera.— Pegu.

Var. a. genuina, bracteze obtuse, glanduloso-puberule ; caules glabres-

centes ; corolla alba, labio inferiore coccineo-punctato ; pedunculi glanduloso

puberuli, breviores (forma umbrosa).

Var. B. pilosa, caules, inflorescentia &c., patenter-pilosa ; bractes linea-

res acute, pedunculi vulgo longiores ; corolla precedentis, raro pallide cya-

nea, intus atropurpureo-maculata, (forma arida, an species ?)

98 ; S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

Acanthacearum genera in regno Burmanico adhuc observata secundum

systema Neesianum paullisper mutatum sic distinquenda :

Subord. I. Tuunpercrem. Calyx ad annulwm dentatum v. nudum re-

ductus. Corolla 5-loba, subregularis. Antherze 2-loculares,

loculis parallelis. Semina globosa, placentz cupulari insiden-

tia. Capsule rostrate.

1. Thunbergia, L. F. Genus unicum. Herbe v. frutices scandentes

raro suberecti.

Subord. II. Acanruacem. Calyx bene evolutus, 5-partitus -fidus v.-

dentatus, regularis v. wregularis. Corolla varia. ‘Antherz 2

v. 1-loculares, loculis parallelis, obliquis v. superpositis. Se-

mina compressa, raro globosa, retinaculis uncatis v. glanduli-

formibus sustenta. Capsule non rostrata. THerbe v. fructi-

ces seepius erecti, raro scandentes v. prostrate.

Trib. 1. AcanrHem. Calyx inequalis. Corolla fissa in labellum uni-

cum magnum expansa. Anthere \-loculares, v. ex paris iIn-

ferioris oblique 2-loculares. Capsule a basi seminifere. Se-

mina compressa, retinaculis uncatis sustenta.

* Corolla in labellum magnum expansa, lobis superioribus

omnino suppressis v. rudimentariis, tubus brevissimus v.

nullus.

2. <Acanthus, L. Spice oo-flore. Antherz omnes 1-loculares.

2. Blepharis, Juss. Spice uniflore ; flores bracteis pluribus sepius

spinosis sterilibus circumdati. Anthere paris inferioris 2-lo-

culares.

** Corolle tubus longus, limbus 5-lobus usque ad tubum fis-

sus. e .

4. Crossandra, Salish. Bractez inermes, in acumen spinosam produc-

tee. 3

lee ee OR ee ee a ee

Trib. 2. Ruetirem. Calyx magis minusve irregularis, sepius bilabia-

tus. Corolla infundibuliformis, hypocraterimorpha v. raro rin-

gens. Stamina 4 v. 2; anthere 2-loculares, loculis parallelis,

rarissime obliquis (nec autem superpositis). Capsule basi

sterili attenuate v. a basi seminiferee. Semina compressa,

retinaculis uncatis sustenta.

* Barleriee Calyx 3-partitus, sepalis decussatis, 2 exter-

‘ joribus seepius majoribus. Capsule a basi seminifere.

5. Barleria, LZ. Corolla infundibuliformis. Stamina 4, raro 5, quo-

rum 2 v. 3 sepius sterilia et rudimentaria ; antherarum loculi

parallel.

** Neuwracanthee. Calyx 5-fidus, irregularis, v. bilabiatus,

v. segmento superiori tantum maximo. Corolla bilabiata

1873. | S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 99

et ringens, v. infundibuliformis. Antherarum cellule

parallele v. oblique. Capsule a basi seminifere.

O Calyx bilabiatus. Capsule dissepimenta non secedentia.

Spice rigidze v. scariosz, vulgo 4-stiche.

6. Neuwracanthus, N. EH. Stamina 4; antherarum loculi obliqui. An

potius cum genere sequenti conjungendum ?

7. Lepidagathis, Willd. Stamina 4; antherarum loculi paralleli.

OO Calycis segmentum superius maximum et bracteiforme.

Capsule dissepimenta in lamellas 2 seminifera secedentia.

8. Phaylopsis, Wilid. Stamina 4; antherarum loculi paralleli. Spi-

cz breves bracteis membraneis mollibus vestite.

*** FRuellinee. Calyx 5-fidus, segmentis magis minusve in-

eequalibus. Corolla infundibuliformis. Stamina 4; raro

2. Capsule magis minusve 4-gonz, cum v. absque basi

contracta sterili.

9. Ruellia, L.

10. Hemigraphis, N. E. Genera inter se valde affinia postea a

11. Strobilanthes, Bl. me accuratius eruenda.

Trib. 38. ERANTHEMER. Calyx regularis, 5-dentatus v.-fidus. Stami-

na 2, raro 4; anthere 2-loculares, loculis parallelis. Cap-

sule 2-4-sperme, in basin longam sterilem contracte. Semi-

na compressa, retinaculis uncatis suffulta.

O Spice v. panicule nude, i. e. bracteis minutis, persisten-

tibus.

12. Asystasia, Bl. Corolla infundibuliformis, in tubum longiusculum

v. rarius longissimum attenuata. Flores omnes fertiles. Cap-

sule vulgo 4:-sperme.

13. Hranthemwn, L. — Flores 2-5-morphi, fertiles minuti, clausi v. ap-

perti; steriles speciosi, hypocraterimorphi, limbo subregulari

tuboque longissimo.

OO Spice foliaceo-bracteate, bracteis nonnunquam deciduis.

14. Daedalacanthus, T. And. Corolla contorta, hypocraterimorpha,

limbo regulari explanato v. complicato, capsule vulgo 4-sper-

mee.

15. Ecbolium, Kurz. Corolla imbricata, hypocraterimorpho-bilabiata

limbo irregulari, labio superiori reflexo lineari. Capsule vul-

go 2- raro abortu 1-spermz, (ovuliin ovarii loculis semper 2).

Trib. 4. Justictem. Calyx regularis. Corolla utplurimum ringens vy.

bilabiata. Stamina 2 ; antherz 2-loculares, loculis superposi-

tis. Capsule compresso 4-gonez, in basin sterilem contract.

Semina plana, retinaculis uncatis suffulta.

100

16.

18.

19.

20.

S. Kurz—-New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

O Corolle tubus longus, gracilis, limbi lobos longitudine _

superans. ; |

Rhinacanthus, N. HE. Limbi labium superius angustum, erectum.

Antherarum loculi haud calcarati.

OO Corolle ringentis tubus brevis.

Justicia, Z. Antherarum loculi inferiores basi mucronati et cal-

carati. Capsulee dissepimenta persistentia.

Rungia, N. H. Characteres precedentis, sed capsule dissepimen-

ta a valvis secedentia. J

000 Corolla bilabiata, tubo gracili longitudine loborum vy.

breviore.

Dicliptera, Juss. Capsulee dissepimenta a valvis secedentia.

Peristrophe, N. EH. Capsule dissepimenta persistentia.

Trib. 5. APHELANDRES. Calyx regularis. Corolla bilabiata, Stami-

na 4 ; anthere 1-loculares, lineares v. oblongee. Capsulee vulgo

a basi seminifera. Semina plana, retinaculis uncatis suffulta.

Fere omnes Americanee, inter Indica genus unicum (Hypestes)

hic rite referendum, cetera genera hic relata abnormalia esse

videntur, viz. Monothecium (Justicie sect. Rostellarie nimis

affine) et Hypeestes triflora, Roem. et Schult., calyee a conge-

neris valde discrepans potius generi Diclipteré adnumeranda,

Vv. generis novi typum prebens. Haplanthi genus infra inter

Hygrophileas qazerendum.

Trib. 6. Hygropuinem. Calyx regularis v. irregularis, 5-fidus v.

21.

22.

23.

24.

-dentatus. Corolla bilabiata ringens. Stamina 2 v. 4; anthe-

ree 2-loculares, loculis parallelis. Capsule planiuscule v.

cylindrice, sepius striate, sulcate v. medio impresse, a bast —

seminifere. Semina compressa, retinaculis uncatis suffulta.

O Corolla infundibuliformis et subringens. Capsule cylin-

dricee v. subcylindricee. Stamina 4 v. 2.

Phlogacanthus, N. EB. Capsulee 8-0 -spermee ; stamina 4, fertilia.

Cystacanthus, T. And. Characteres precedentis, sed stamina

fertilia 2, cum 2 rudimentariis.

Graptophyllum, N. H. Capsule 4-spermes. Stamina 4, omnia

fertilia.

OO Corollaringens. Stamina2. Capsule planiuscule, sur-

sum szepius latiores.

* Antheres basi sepius barbatze v. villosee. Racemi v.

paniculee nudee.

Andrographis, Wall. Antherz 2-loculares.

ll ae

1873.) S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 101

25. Haplanthus, N. £. Anthere 1-loculares.

** Anthere nude.

26. Hemiadelphis, N. H. Spice conspicue bracteate.

OOO Corolla bilabiata v. ringens. Stamina 4. Capsule ma-

gis minusve teretes, seepius sulcatee.

27. Hygrophila, R. Br. Calyx tubulosus, regularis. Corolla bilabiata.

28. Nomaphila, Bl. Calyx usque ad basin 5-fidus. Corolla ringens.

Trib. 7. Netsonre®. Calyx 5-fidus, utplurimum subirregularis. Co-

rolla infundibuliformis v. personata. Stamina 2 v. 4; anthe-

ree 2-loculares, loculis parallelis. Capsulze a basi seminifera.

Semina minuta, globosa, retinaculis glanduliformibus suffulta,

v, us omnino deprivata.

O Stamina 2.

29. Nelsonia, R. Br. Corolla ringens.

OO Stamina 4, —

30. Hbermaiera, N. E. Corolla ringens.

31. Cardianthera, Ham. (Adenosma, N. EH. non R. Br). Corolla

personata.

VERBENACEZL.

201. VITEX CANESCENS, nov. sp.

Arbuscula 25—35 pedalis, partibus omnibus junioribus canescenti v.

gilvescenti-pubescentibus ; folia digitatim 8—5—foliolata, petiolo 1—2—

pollicari tomentello suffulta ; foliola sepius breve (intermedio multo longius)

petiolulata, ovata v. ovato-lanceolata, ad elliptica et elliptico-lanceolata,

acuminata v. acuta, basi attenuata, integra, v. raro crenato-serrata, mem-

branacea, juniora utrinque dense canescenti-pubescentia, supra denuo scabres-

centi-puberula; flores albi, parvi, pedicellis gracilibus 1—2 lin. longis

tomentellis suffulti, glomerati, paniculas cinereo- v. gilvescenti-tomentellas

compositas v. simplices terminales et supra foliorum delapsorum ortas effi-

cientes ; calyx cinereo-pubescens, lin. circiter longus, 5-dentatus ; corolla

calyce duplo longior, extus tomentosa; drupe obovoidez, leves, pisi

magnitudinis, calyce magis minusve explanato insidentes—Prome. V.

Negundo, L., affinis, differt inprimis floribus graciliter pedicellatis.

LAURINEA.

202. MAcHILUS FRUTICOSA, nov. sp.

Frutex glaber, gemmis velutinis ; folia ovato ad ovato-oblonga, 25—4

poll. longa, basi rotundata subdecurrentia, petiolo crasso lato 2—5 lin. lon-

_ go, glabra, rigide coriacea, obtusa et passim rotundata, marginibus recuryis,

subtus glauca, nervis, simul cum reticulatione copiosa, prominentibus ;

102 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

flores... ; paniculze folio longiores, glabree, longe-pedunculatee ; pedicelli sub

fructu brevissimi (1—1# lin. longi) et incrassati uti in Phebe ; perianthium

minute adpresse pubescens, segmentis patentibus oblongis obtusis ; fructus

globosi, glabri, pisi magnitudinis.—artaban (Dr. Brandis).

203. TETRANTHERA (CYLICODAPHNE) CALOPHYLLA, nov. sp.

Arbuscula, novellis fulvescenti-tomentellis ; folia ovato-oblonga ad lan-

ceolata, basi acuta v. acuminata, longius v. brevius acuminata, petiolo }—1

poll. longo magis minusve tomentoso suffulta, rigide membranacea, 33—7

poll. longa, supra lutescenti-viridia et (costa immersa excepta) glabra, sub-

tus pallida, tomentella, penninervia, prominenter reticulata ; flores in um-

bellam parvam bracteatum congesti ; umbellze pedunculo 2}—34 lin. longo

tomentello solitario axillari suffultee v. secus ramulum novellum axillarem

fulvo-tomentosum quasi racemiformem disgestze, raro in racemum verum bre-

vem corymbiformem pedunculo fulvescenti-puberulo suffultum efformantes ;

involucri foliola concavo-rotunda, puberula ; perianthium extus pubescens ;

filamenta glabra ; antherze 4-locellatee ; baccze oblongo-ovatee, + poll. fere

long, leves, carnosee, cupula majuscula truncata extus minute pubescenti

in pedicellum brevem crassum attenuata suffultee.—Martaban, Tenasserim.

Species quoad folia et inflorescentia variabilis, Cylicod. Waightiane, N. £.,

arcte affinis ejusve probabiliter varietas insignis ?

204. TETRANTHERA (CYLICODAPHNE) NUCULANEA, Nov. sp.

Frutex ramulis teretibus tomentosis ; folia obovato-oblonga ad oblongo-

lanceolata, petiolis 4—5 lin. longis pallide-tomentosis suffulta, basi acuta,

5—6 poll. longa, obtusiuscule apiculata, crasse chartacea, supra glabra, sub-

tus glauca et plus minusve dense puberula, reticulatione inter nervos late-

rales crassiusculos tenul sed conspicua ; flores .. , apparenter umbellas sub-

sessiles axillares formantes ; pedunculus in speciminibus fructigeris cras-

sissimus vix 3 lin. longus ; fructus pallide straminei, oblongi, ec. 6—7 lin.

longi, leves, cupula integra magna carnosa suffulti—TZenasserim. (Revd.

Parish).

205. TETRANTHERA (CYLICODAPHNE) ALBICANS, nov. sp.

Arbuscula, novellis minute puberulis ; folia oblongo-lanceolata ad lan-

ceolata, basi attenuata, petiolo 5—8 lin. longo gracili subglabro suffulta,

breve acuminata, chartacea v. tenuiter coriacea, 6—10 poll. longa, glabra, sub-

tus albida, reticulatione inter nervos tenues prominentes tenui sed conspicua ;

umbellz involucratee, velutino-tomentosee, pedunculo gracili c. 4 lin. longo

canescenti-tomentoso suffulti, in racemum abbreviatum v. subsessilem velu-

tino-tomentosum axillarem v. vulgo supra foliorum delapsorum cicatricibus

orientem dispositi; involucri phylla canescenti-velutina ; fructus .. ; cupula

re ee eee ee ae ee ee To

1873. ] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 103

magna, carnosa, undulato-lobata, in pedicellum crassum attenuata. —Pegu.

_ Ex affinitate 7. Panamoje, N. E.

206. LirsmA LEIOPHYLLA, nov. sp.

Arbor inflorescentiis exceptis glaberrima ; folia lanceolata v. oblongo-

lanceolata, 5—6} poll. longa, basi subineequali acuminata, petiolo gracili

1—1} pollicari glabro suffulta, obtuse acuminata, tenuiter coriacea, glaber-

rima, supra lucida, subtus vix glaucescentia, supra basi triplinervia et pen-

ninervia, obsoletissime reticulata ; flores fulvo-villosi, pedicellis brevibus

tomentosis suffulti, racemos axillares petiolo breviores abbreviatos fulvo-

villosos simplices formantes ; filamenta glabra ; baccee desunt. Tenasserim

v. Andamans. (Helf. 4330).

207. DAPHNIDIUM ARGENTEUM, nov. sp.

Arbor parva, novellis argenteo-sericeis ; folia lanceolata v. lato-lanceo-

lata, utrinque acuminata, petiolo 83—5 lin. longo argenteo-pubescente gla-

brescente suffulta, 33—6} poll. longa, crasse chartacea, supra glabra, subtus

adpresse argenteo-sericea, penninervia, utrinque laxe reticulata ; flores vires-

centi-lutei, pedicellis brevissimis tomentosis, in racemum brevem tomen-

tosum basi bracteis concavis pubescentibus involucratum disgesti ; perian-

thium 6-fidum, extus adpresse pubescens ; antherze 2-locellate ; filamenta

subglabra.—Pegu, Martaban.—Species insignis, foliorum structura et habi-

tu Beilschniedié genus in mentem revocat.

PROTEACHA.

208. HELICIA PYRRHOBOTRYA, nov. sp.

Arbor ? , novellis ferrugineo-villosis ; folia obovato-lanceolata, breve

acuminata, versus basin obtusam attenuata, c. pedem longa, petiolis crassis

2—5 lin. longis suffulta, chartacea, grosse serrata, adulta glabra v. subtus

secus costam sparse ferrugineo-pubescentia ; flores 1—1+ poll. longi, gemi-

nati, pedicellis crassis 15 lin. longis ferrugineo-villosis suffulti, racemos ec.

pedem longos robustos dense ferrugineo-villosos axillares efficientes ; squa-

mule hypogyne ... ; ovarium stylusque leves. dartaban, (Dr. Brandis).

PODOSTEMACEA.

209. HypDROBRYUM LICHENOIDES, nov. sp.

Plantulee minutze gregarize ; rhizoma latum membranaceum, lobatum,

terree v. saxis adpressum, viride, vix $ lin. latum, 2—3 lin. longum ; folia

perpauca tantum pedicellorum basi sita, squameformia ; pedicelli filiformes,

% lin. longi ; capsules globosee, c. ¢ lin. in diametro, lato-8-costatee.—Mar-

taban. (Revd. Parish).

104. S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

URTICACE.

210. ELATOsTEMA MEMBRANIFOLIUM, nov. sp.

Suffrutex erectus, ramosissimus, H. lineolati habitu, glaberrimus, ramu-

lis 4-quetris, levissimis ; folia alterna, subineequalia, cum basi inequali

sessilia, 14—2} poll. longa, acuminatissima (acumine obtuso et integro),

tenuiter membranacea, grosse et obtusiuscule crenato-serrata, utrinque leevia

et: striis destituta, basi irregulari-triplinervia, nervis tenuibus sed conspicuis,

per nervos laterales strictis rectangulares cum costa anastomozantibus ;

stipules minutze, subulato-lineares ; flores minuti, sessiles, capitula (nondum

evoluta) parva sessilia in foliorum axillis v. isdem opposita formantes ; peri-

anthium glabrum.—Zenasserim, (Dr. Brandis)—. lineolato, Wight, arcte

affine, absentia striolarum autem tute distinguendum.

211. ELAToSTEMA BULBIFERUM, nov. sp.

Herba monoica v. dioica, erecta, $—1 pedalis, succulenta, simplex v,

sub-ramosa, glabra, caulibus teretibus ad internodia bulbiferis ; folia oppo-

sita, dimorpha, quorum evoluta obliqua, ovata v. ovato-lanceolata, petiolis

vix lin. longis suffulta, superiora cum basi inzequali subsessilia, 23—3} poll.

longa, grosse serrata, herbacea, breve acuminata, glabra, supra striis albis

adnatis obtecta, basi triplimervia, passim nervis nonnullis adjectis ; folia

stipuliformia, lanceolata ad ovato-lanceolata, magis variabilia, _—} poll.

longa, acuta v. obtusa, integra v. serraturis nonnullis, inferiora vulgo majora ;

stipulee minute, subulatee ; flores minuti, pedicellati, cymosi ; cymi feminei

densiores et pedunculis gracilibus brevioribus suffulti ; masculi laxi, pedun-

culo 1—2 pollicari suffulti e tuberibus globulosis crassis axillaribus v. in

ramulorum furcationibus sitis subvillosis orti ; perianthium glabrum.—ZTe-

nasserim, Arracan.

212. Enatostrmsa @rBBosuM, (Procris gibbosa, Wall., Cat. 7273).

Herba procumbens, repens, glabrescens, caulibus ascendibus e. semipe-

dalibus florigeris ; folio alterna, obovato-oblonga ad trapezoideo-oblonga,

subobliqua, cum basi oblique-cordata subsessilia, obtusa v. subobtusa, 2—3

poll. longa, herbacea, grosse rotundato-crenata, supra pilis brevibus albis

transverse adnatis adspersa, subtus secus nervos parce pubescentia, basi 3—5—

plinervia ; stipulee conspicuze, membranacee, brunneze, usque ad 3 lin. lon-

gee, lanceolate, acuminate, persistentes, etiam ez foliorum abortivorum

evolute ; flores masculi majusculi, c. 1 lin. in diametro, subsessiles, in cy-

mam parvam pedunculo 13—2 poll. longo pubescente axillari suffultam col-

lecti; perianthium glabrum.—Martaban, Tenasserim.—In vicinitate EF. cor-

nuti ponendum ; an potius generi Pellionie adscribendum ?

2138. DorsrENntaA GRIFFITHIANA, nov. sp. (D. sp. Griff. Not. Dicot.

403). .

ee ee ee

1873. | S. Kurz—WNew Burmese Plants. 105

Frutex humilis, ramulis angularibus ochraceo-pubescentibus ; folia elon-

gato-obovata ad cuneato-elliptica, petiolo crasso $—% pollicari_ pubescente

glabrescente suffulta, basi angustata acuta v. rotundata, 8 poll.—l ped.

longa, abrupte acuminata, tenuiter coriacea, integra, supra levia, subtus

scabra ; stipulee setacezo, pubescentes ; flores monoici, in receptaculis capi-

tuliformibus involucratis extus velutinis pedunculatis congregati ; pedun-

euli velutini solitari, axillares ; involucrum sub 4—6 partitum ; syncarpia

dimorpha, involueri bracteis reflexis velutinis.—Tenasserim.

214. Ficus arrinis, Wall., Cat. 4524.

Arbor mediocris, glabra; stipulz breves, et parvee, ovato-lanceolate,

glabree ; folia elliptica ad ovato-oblonga, basi obtusa v. rotundata, obtusius-

cule et subabrupte acuminata, 3—4: poll. longa, chartacea, integra v. subun-

dulata, glabra, basi nonnunquam obscure 3-nervia, nervis lateralibus nume-

rosis et subparallelis secus marginem anastomozantibus, utrinque crebre reti-

culata ; receptacula piperis grani magnitudine v. paullo majora, globosa ;

flavescentia, pustulis obsoletis aurantiacis adspersa, glabra, basi 3-bracteata,

pedunculo brevissimo 3—1 lin. suffulta, vulgo geminata in foliorum axillis

v. supra foliorum delapsorum cicatricibus ; bracteze persistentes, minute,

lato-triangulares—Pegu, Tenasserim, Andamans.—Prope Ff. rhododendri-

Soliam, Miq., inserenda.

215. Ficus GENICULATA, nov. sp.

Arbor magna epiphytica, ramulis robustis cicatrisatis novellis pubes-

centibus ; stipulze lato-ovate, acutee, glabree v. canescentes ; folia elliptica,

elliptico-ovata v. elliptico-oblonga, petiolo 8—4 pollicari apice geniculato

inserta, basi obtusa v. acuta, breve et abrupte acuminata v. apiculata, integra,

rigide coriacea, utrinque lucida, basi breve 3-nervia, nervis lateralibus sub-

parallelis et magis approximatis sepius subobsoletis, reticulatione elegante

magis minusve obsoleta raro conspicua percursa ; receptacula globosa, pisi

minini v. piperis grani magnitudine, flavida, albo-pustulata, glabra, 3—4

bracteata, sessilia v. subsessilia, in foliorum axillis v. supra eorum cicatribus

geminata ; bractez persistentes, lato-rotundatee, brunnese, glabrae.—Pegu,

Martaban, Tenasserim.—Ex affinitate F. infectorie, Willd.

216. ICUS INSIGNIS, nov. sp.

Arbor mediocris, ramulis crassis cicatrisatis tomentellis ; stipule lato-

ovate tomentose ; folia is & geniculate subconsimilia, elliptica ad ovato-

oblonga, petiolo 2—3 poll. longo apice geniculato suffulta, basi rotundata

v. obtusa, 5—7 poll. longa, obtuse apiculata, integra v. subundulata, glabra,

rigide coriacea, supra lucida, nervis. lateralibus subparallelis et moderate

approximatis, secus marginem arcuato anastomozantibus, subimpressis, reticu-

latione elegante vix prominente ; receptacula cerasi minimi magnitudine,

106 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

globosa v. subglobosa, cinerascenti albida, roseo-punctata, dense tomentoso-

villosa, basi bracteata, pedunculo crasso brevissimo tomentoso suffulta,

in foliorum axillis v. supra eorum cicatricibus vulgo geminata ; bracteso

persistentes, lato-ovatee, scariosee, brunnes, glabree.—Prome. Precedenti

affine.

217. Ficus CALONEURA, nov. sp.

Arbor glabra ; folia iis # Rumphii consimilia, cordato-ovata, sensim

obtusiuscule-acuminata, basi cordata, petiolo 83—4 poll. longo apice geni-

culato bi-glanduloso suffulta, 4—5 poll. longa, 2$—3 poll. lata, grosse et

remote repando-dentata, tenuiter coriacea, glabra, utrinque opaca, supra haud

punctata, nervis lateralibus uwaacum nervis basilaribus omnibus divergentibus

et subarcuatis pallidis crassis secus marginem anastomozantibus, nervatione

transversali elegante sed tenuiuscula ; receptacula desunt.—Burma, sine loco

natali, (Dr. Brandis).—Ex affinitate & Ruwmphi, Bl.

218. FICUS POMIFERA, nov. sp.

Frut-x scandens, glaber ; folia obovata v. sub-rhomboideo-obovata, petio-

lis 8—4: lin. longis scabridis, basi subeuneata, 1—23 poll. longa, obtusa v.

subemarginata, glabra, corlacea, marginibus subrecurvis, nervis utrinque

4—5 lateralibus paullo prominentibus, in areolis reticulationis obsolete lacu-

noso-punctata ; receptacula pomiformia v. oblongo-elliptica, ec. 1—1 poll.

crassa, subumbonata, in stipitem brevissimum (c. $ lin.) crassum constricta,

leevia, miniato-aurantiaca, pedunculo crasso 1—2 lin. longo puberulo suffulta,

vulgo solitaria e foliorum axillis v. supra eorum cicatricibus ; bracteze ad

pedunculi apicem 3, persistentes, triangulari-ovatze, subglabre. Variat. a.

pomiformis, receptacula pomiformia,—Tenasserim, (Falconer) ; 2. oviformis,

receptacula elliptico-oblonga ad ovoidea,—Swmatra.

219. Ficus PyRRHOCARPA, nov. sp. (Ff tuberculata, Wall., Cat. 4539,

non Roxb. et aliorum).

Frutex humilis, 1—3 pedalis, ramulis adpresse brunneo-setosis ; stipu-

lee lineari-lanceolatze, acuminate, glabriusculee v. dorso pubescentes ; folia

obverse lanceolata ad subcuneato-lanceolata, basi cuneasa v. acuta, petiolo

lineas perpaucas usque ad 13 poll: longo adpresse pubescente glabrescente

suffulta, breve et obtusiuscule acuminata, integra, crasse membranacea, su-

pra glabra v. pilis minutis inconspicuis adspersa, subtus secus nervos sparse

adpresse hirsuta et glabrescentia, nervis arcuatis, reticulatione laxa ; recep-

tacula depresso-pyriformia, cerasi magnitudinis, purpurascenti-viridia, costata,

squamis nonnullis varie dispositis adspersa, presertim dum juvenilia pilis rigidis

adpressis v. subpatentibus brunneis v. rufis obtecta, pedunculis }—1+ polli-

caribus pubescentibus crassis suffulta, solitaria e trunco subterraneo orta v.

1873.) S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 107

secus surculos aphyllos subterraneos errumpentia ; bracteze ad apicem pedun-

cali 3, ovatee, breves.—Pegu, Martaban.—Ex affinitate ischnopode, etc.

219. Ficus anastomozans, Wall., Cat. 4518.

Frutex repens, humilis, magis minusve scabro-pubescens ; stipulee minu-

tee, scabrze ; folia oblongo-lanceolata ad lanceolata, basi acuta v. obtusa,

petiolo 2—6 lin. longo scabro-pubescente suffulta, magis minusve obtusius-

cule-acuminata, 2—4 poll. longa, grosse et irregulariter sinuato-dentata, den-

tibus rotundatis v. obtusis, membranacea, supra scabro-pubescentia, nonnun-

quam subglabrescentia, nervis numerosis rectangulari-divergentibus et anas-

tomozantibus ; receptacula ovoidea, piperis grani magnitudinis, umbonata,

asi non v. vix constricta, scabro-puberula, pedunculo vix 4 lin. longo et

pubescente suffulta, solitaria e foliorum axillis v. supra eerum cicatricibus

errumpentia ; bracteze minutze.—Zenasserim.

220. Ficus Lteprposa, Wall., Cat. 4541.

Arbor mediocris, novellis parce pubescentibus ; stipule lineari-lanceo-

late, acuminatissime, glabree v. subglabre ; folia obovata ad elliptica,

petiolis 1—2 poll. longis parce pubescentibus glabrescentibus suffulta, basi

obtusa, breve acuminata, 5—6 poll. longa, crasse membranacea, supra glabra

v. pilis nonnullis brevibus adspersa, subtus parce et breve pubescentia,

subpenninervia ; receptacula turbinato-globosa, umbonata, pubescentia, au-

rantiaco-miniata, cerasi magnitudine, pedunculo 8—5 lin. longo crasso pubes-

cente sustenta, vulgo geminatim e foliorum axillis v. supra eorum cicatri-

cibus erumpentia; bracteze ad apicem pedunculi, ovate, acute, glabra, c.

lin. longee.—Pegu.— Ff. chrysocarpe, Rwdt., affinis, errore quoddam cl. Mi-

quel in Annalis suis me hance speciem cum / diversifolia identicam decla-

rasse putavit.

AMENTACELL.

221. QUERCUS EUMORPHA, nov. sp.

Arbor 20—380 pedalis, glaberrima ; folia ovato-oblonga v. oblonga, non-

nunquam inequalia, basi in petiolum gracilem 5—8 lin. longum glabrum

attenuata, breve et obtusiuscule acuminata, 3—4 poll. longa, coriacea, api-

cem versus leviter obtusiuscule serrata, glabra, concoloria, nervis tenuibus

et reticulatione densa subobsoletis; pedunculus fructiger usque ad 2 poll.

Jongus, apparenter glaber, 1 v. 2 fructus gerens ; glans ovoidea, 9—~10 lin.

fere longa, levis, exserta ; cupula 7—8 lin. in diametro, concava, crasse

coriacea, brunnea, glabra, subvernicosa, junior squamis triangularibus acutis

adpressis subdistinctis dein in zonas concentricas angustas inwquales et

irregulares confluentibus obtecta v. rugato-rugosa.—Wartaban.

108 8S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

222. QuveERcUS BRAnDISIANA, nov. sp. 3

Arbor parva v. mediocris, ramulis canescenti, v. ochraceo-pubescentibus 3

folia oblonga ad obovato-oblonga, basi szepius ineequali acuta v. obtusa,

4—5 poll. longa, petiolo 5—8 lin. longo gracili glabro suffulta, breve et

obtusiuscule acuminata, obtusiuscule repando-serrata, utrinque subopaca,

tenuiter coriacea, supra rugata et glabra, subtus glauca et fugaci-puberula,

nervis supra impressis strictis subtus prominentibus sed tenuibus, cum ner-

vatione transversa conspicuis ; pedunculus fructiger c. 1, raro usque 2} poll.,

longus, fructus paucos tantum gerens, ochrascenti-tomentosus ; glandes

juniores depressee adpresse puberule, magis minusve inclusz, dein exsertzx,

ovoidee, glabree ; cupula canescenti-velutina, concava, ¢. + poll. in diametro,

e zonis circ. 5—6 concentricis lamellatis erosis formata.—Jartaban.—In

sect. Cyclobalani inserenda.

CHLORANTHACEHA.

223. CHLORANTHUS INSIGNIS, nov. sp.

Suffrutex 13—2 pedalis, glaber, in sicco sublutescens ; folia petiolis

1—2 lin. longis suffulta, linearia, basi acuminata v. acuta, sensim et longis-

sime acuminata, 33—43 poll. longa, subcoriacea, integra, glabra, nervis late-

ribus tenuissimis, vix reticulata ; spice axillares, fructiferee 1—2 poll. longer, ~

simplices, glabra ; bractese minute, crasse ; fructus casi.—Zartaban.

SCITAMINEA. |

HEMIORCHIS nov. sp.

Flores preecoces, spicati, sessiles. Calyx tubulosus, sursum ampliatus,

3-fidus. Perianthii tubus calyce brevior filiformis ; phylla 3 exteriora wzqua-

lia, interiora subzequilonga, basi utrinque corniculata apice 2—3 denticulata ;

labellum lato-oblongum, concavum, apiculatum. Filamentum phyllis fere

duplo brevius, apice incurvum, connectivam supra anthera utrinque mutica

vix productum. Ovarium 1-loculare, placentis 3 parietalibus ; stylus fili-

formis ; stigma paullum incrassatum, oblique truncatum. Capsula 1-locu-

laris, subplicato-10-sulcata, 3-valvis ; semina conica, basi albo-arillata.— Her-

be perennes Gastrochilo habitu et characteribus essentialibus affines ; scapis

radicales pallidi squamati iis Geodorz haud absimiles. |

224. H. Burmantca, nov. sp. Tab. VIII.

Rhizoma album, crassum, repens, hypogzeum, nudum ; folia post anthesin

erumpentia iis Giastrochili simillima, lato-oblonga, brevissime acuminata, basi

ineequali-rotundata in petiolum brevem decurrentia, glabra ; vagine striate,

elabree ; scapi radicales, solitarii, dense tomentelli, a basi usque ad medium

bracteis amplis pallidis remotis v. confertis 1—1 5 poll. longis oblongis et

subacutis vestiti ; flores spicati, sessiles, mediocres ; calyx puberulus, albus,

—— ee) eee UL

Pee Pe ee ee Ne ee ee ee

ph by Sa

ee eee

o ‘ ~ Y

ed ee ae ee ee ee ee Oe

1873.] 8S. Kurz—WNew Burmese Plants. 109

3-fidus, lobis xqualibus acutis ; périanthii phylla exteriora 3 ; semipolli-

earia, virescenti-albida, oblongo-linearia, apiculata v. 2—3 lobulata, margini-

bus magis minusve recurva, superiori latiore ; interiora 2 obovato-oblonga,

pallide rubella, apice obsolete 2—3 denticulata ; labellum concavum lato

oblongum, aurantiacum, basin versus pallidius, intus secum carinam sangui-

neum carinatum, carina in apiculum 3-angularem acutum excurrente ; anthe-

ree cerino-lutee, filamenta c. 1 lin. longa, incurva; capsule ovales, puberu-

lee, calyce emarcescente coronatee, c. 3 poll. longee ; semina basi arillo albo

suffulta.—Pegu, Martaban, Tenasserim.

MELANTHACEL.

SrEMONA GRIFFITHIANA, nov. sp. Tab. X.

(Gen. nov., Griff. Journ. of Travels p. 149).

Herba erecta, perennis, glabra, rhizomate crasso hypogeo ; folia hys-

teranthia, ovata, c. 83—5 poll. longa, breve acuminata, petiolo 83—5 poll.

longo suffulta, chartacea, glabra, parallelinervia, eleganter transverse venosa,

sericanter-nitentia ; flores virescenti v. sordide purpurei, pedicellis strictius-

eulis poll. circiter longis suffulti, in turionibus erectis aphyllis scapiformibus

dein foliatis 3—6 poll. longis corymboso-racemosi ; bractez lineari-lanceo-

latee acuminate, c. 3—4 lin. longee ; perigonium 4-phyllum, phylla poll.

longa, v. paullo longiora, lineari-lanceolata, acuta ; stamina 4, filamenta lata,

purpurea ; antherze aurese, cuspidatze ; ovarium |-loculare, ovulis 6, lineari-

oblongis ex apice pendulis capsule compresso-ovatee, semipollicares, bivalves,

3—4 sperme ; semina sulcato-carinata, lineari-oblonga, subapiculata, basi

arillo brevi albo aucta.—Ava, Martaban, Pequ.

AROIDEZ.

HaApatine, Schott.

Spatha lanceolata sursum plana, basi tantum complanata et spadicis

parti femineze adnata. Spadix interrupte androgynus, genitalibus rudimen-

tariis nullis. Stamina lineari-lanceolata, peltata, membranacea, areolato-

reticulata, subtus marginem versus antheras 4—6 minutas globosas gerentia,

spadicem linearem-a parte feminea paullo discretum obtegentia. Ovaria sin-

gula serie superposita, unilocularia, ovulo solitario erecto ; stigma subses-

sile, subcapitatum.—Herbee humiles, radice tuberosa, uni- v. pauci-foliate,

spathas niveis.

1. H. Benruamriana, Schott. Tab. IX.

Herba c. semipedalis, radice tuberosa, basi albo-vaginata ; folia 3—4

poll. longa, petiolo eequilongo suffulta, oblonga, basi profunde sinuato-

cordata, lobis basilaribus complicatis et obtusiuscule prolongatis, glabra,

breve acuminata, nervis anastomozantibus ; flores 1—3-ni e rhizomate pro-

110 S. Kurz—WNew Burmese Plants. [No. 2,

trusi, scapo 5—6 poll. longo gracili suffulti ; spatha nivea, lineari-lanceolata

ad lanceolata, c. 13 poll. longa, reflexa, reticulata ; spadix spathee fere longi~

tudinis, ejus pars mascula exserta strictiuscula limeari-subulata, alba.—

Martaban.

TABULARUM EXPLANATIO.

Tab. WIll.—Hemiorchis Burmanica.—Fig. A, planta florens, magn.

nat. ; fig. B, folium cum cauli vaginato, magn. nat. ; fig. 1, perigonii phyllum

exterioris ; fig. 2, phyllum exterius superius ; fig. 3, perigoni phyllum interi-

us laterale ; fig. 4, labellum cum carina, a latere visum; fig. 5, anthera a

latere visa; fig. 6, eadem a fronte; fig. 7, capsula, magn. nat.; fig. 8,

semen, arillo remoto.

Tab. IX.—Hapaline Benthamiana.—Fig. A, planta, magn nat. ; fig. 1,

spadix ; fis. 2, ovarium ; fig. 3, sectio verticalis fructus, semen immaturum

exhibens ; fig. 4, squama staminalis antheras gerens, a latere interiore visa.

Tab. X.—Stemona Griffithiana.—Fig. A, planta florens ; fig. B, caulis

foliati pars superior ; fig. C, racemus fructiger ; fig. 1, perigonii phylla 2 cum

stamine ; fig. 2, semen cum arillo, latere visum ; fig. 3, capsula aperta, semina

exhibens ; figurae omnes magn. nat.

Errores graviores in parte priori (J. A. S. B., vol. XLI, pt. IT), corrigendi.

Page 311. lin. 6. infra pro apicibus lege apices.

Pag. 812. lin. 10. supra pro pomint mayoris magnitudine lege pomé

minoris magnitudine, brunneo-velutine.

LAA LBD DDO we eee ee eee >

, 2 in

a a ee)

STOLICZKA. Journ: A. S.B. Vol: XLII. Pt:II. 1873. PL:XI.

aries secu. x f ms

SES IH Tie HOS

ae, AE ‘ "4

i 2 om,

eo ey ey \ ots

CE et ree Fe

Pigs. 1, 1a, 1b. Rana plicatella, n. sp. Penang, p.116

s. Sedg field, Lith: Pigs. 2,2a,2b,2c¢. Colamaria Stahlknecht, n. ap., Sumatra, p. 449. Calcutta.

Figs. 3,3a,3b,3¢. Simotes catenifer, rn. sp., Malay Penine, p.tk1.

Mi ae x

. ‘ ee NANG

5 r

. ©

1873.] : 111

Nores ON SOME SPECIES OF Matayan AmpnreiA AND ReEpTILIA—

by Dr. F. SroriczKa.

(Received 15th Feb. 1872; read 5th March, 1872.)

[With plate XI.]

It is nearly three years ago that I had the pleasure of submitting to

the Society a few notes on Indo-Malayan Reptiles and Amphibians, chiefly

collected by myself along the Burmese and Tenasserim coasts, about Penang

and on the Nicobar and Andaman islands. When visiting Penang in 1869, I

received information of a tolerably extensive* collection of Reptiles, brought

together by a zealous Jesuit during a residence of about twenty years on the

island. ‘The specimens were collected either on Penang itself or on the op-

posite coast of the Wellesley Province. A very large number had been cap-

tured alive, and coloured drawings, taken from most of the live specimens,

had been prepared. The colouring appeared to me to have been faith-

fully copied, and this it was which particularly excited my interest in the col-

lection, because in many cases the colours of Reptiles fade most rapidly, as

soon as the specimens are placed in spirit ; in others the colouring changes

immediately after death, and again some alter even during life their colour,

as soon as they become conscious of their captivity. In any case the coloured

sketches from life seemed to me valuable and I, therefore, resolved to buy

the collection.

As soon as the formal matters were arranged, the collection of the

specimens was transmitted to me, the drawings, however, were afterwards not

considered to form an essential part of it, and were handed over to some one

else, according to a wish of the deceased gentleman under whose supervision

they were executed. After a brief correspondence it did not appear to

me much use treating further about the subject. My interest in the

collection has, on that account naturally enough, partly diminished, and

having had other more pressing work to attend to, the specimens were

for more than two years left unnoticed. More recently my friend Mr.

Stahlknecht of Singapore visited Sumatra, and made for me a very nice

little collection of Reptiles, most of which were in a beautiful state of preser-

vation. This circumstance induced me to look over my old acquaintances,

and to prepare a critical list of all of them. In the old collection I only

found two new species, a ana and a Simotes, a specimen of the latter had

very recently been also obtained by Mr. J. Wood-Mason’s collector at

Jahore, situated at the extreme south end of the Malayan Peninsula, north

of Singapore island. Mr. Stahlknecht’s collection yielded a new Calamaria.

_ * This refers to the number of specimens, but not to that of species, as I sub.

sequently discovered,

112 F. Stoliczka—Dalayan Reptilia and Amphibia. [No. 2,

Thus, although I cannot say, that I came into possession of a great

number of new forms, there are among those, which I shall place on

record, a few rare and very interesting species, some of which were previous-

ly known only from single specimens, and these often were not very perfect.

I may mention for instance Draco quinquefasciatus, Podophis chalcides,

Ophites subcinctus and albofuscus, Ablabes flaviceps, Oxycalamus longiceps,

&e. .

I shall first enumerate all the species, and attach an (*) asterisk to

those, about which I shall have to say a few words. ,

The collection was made, as I said, to a large extent on Penang itself

or in the Wellesley Province, and judging from the examination of it, I have

found no reason to doubt in any way this statement. A great many of the

same species had been collected by myself in that part of the country on a

former occasion, others were known to occur there from the very elaborate

and extensive researches of Dr. Cantor ; others again had been recorded from

Malacca, Singapore, Sumatra or Java, all countries which belong to the same

zoological province, and which have a large number ofspecies common. I

have not met with a single instance which would lead me to suspect, that

any mixture of other distant localities had taken place. Thus the present

list in connection with that of Drs. Cantor, Gray and Giinther, and my own

published in 1870, may be considered as fairly completing the number of

Reptiles and Amphibians, inhabiting Penang and the neighbouring Welles-

ley Province. Mr. Stahlknecht’s specimens are from the neighbourhood of

Dilli on Sumatra. In the general list I shall briefly note the localities as

Penang and Sumatra.

BATRACHIA.f

1. Rana tigrina, var. pantherina, Fitz. apud Steidachner. (Novara

Amphibiens).—Penang.

2.* 4, fusca, Blyth.— Penang.

3. » lymnocharis, Boie (= gracilis, Wiegm.) ; typical. Penang.

4.* ,, lymnocharis, var. pulla, Stol.— Penang.

5 » plicatella, n. sp.—Penang.

6. Polypedates maculatus.—Penang.

7 ah quadrilineatus.— Penang and Sumatra.

8. Hylarana erythea.—Penang and Sumatra.

Comp. Proceed. A. 8S. B. for June, 1872, p, 104. The largest specimen

measures: body 3 inch, hind limb 5 inch,

9. Bufo melanostictus.—Penang.

+ Ifno special reference to literature is given, it is understood that the species

is described in Dr. Giinther’s Reptiles of Brit. India, or in my former paper on Ma-

layan Reptiles in Journal A, S. B, vol. xxxix, pt. II.

1873.) . F-. Stoliczka—WMalayan Reptilia and Amphibia. 113

10. Bufo asper.—Penang.

Largest specimen, body 5°5 inch. long.

11. Epicrium glutinosum.— Penang.

SAURTA.

12. Luprepes carinatus, Schneid., = rufescens.—Penang and Sumatra.

All have a rufescent bronzy tinge and dorso-lateral pale bands.

13.* ZH. olivaceus— Penang and Swnatra.

14. Riopa albopunctata.— Penang.

Exactly the same as in Bengal.

15. Podophis chalcides.—Sumatra.

16.* Gymnodactylus (? Cyrtodactylus) pulchellus.— Penang.

17. Cyrtodactylus affinis—Penang.

Comp. J. A. 8, B. vol. xxxix, pt. II, 1870, p. 167.

18. Peripia mutilata, Wiegm., = Peroni, D. and B., teste Peters et

Ginther.—Penang and Sumatra.

19. Hemidactylus frenatus.—Sumatra.

20. Nycteridium platyurus, Schneid. = Schneiderii—Penang and

Sumatra, very common.

All have less dark coloration than Himalayan or Khasi hill specimens,

but are in other respects not distinguishable, Comp. J. A. 8S. B. xl,

pt. I, p. 103.

21. Gecko guttatus—Penang.

22. » stentor.— Penang.

23. Ptychozoon homalocephalum.— Penang and Swnatra.

24. Bronchocela cristatella, Kuhl—Swmatra, very common.

All have 36 to 42 small equal scales in a lateral row.

25. Draco volans, Linn.—Penang and Sumatra, very common.

26.* ,, quinquefasciatus.—Penang.

27.* ,, fimbriatus.—Penang.

28. Hydrosaurus salvator.—Penang and Sumatra.

The light spots and bands are in young and in old males [at least] bright yellow,

not white. The species is also very common on all the Nicobar and Andaman is-

lands.

29. Crocodilus porosus.t—Penang.

+ The similarity of form and colour of the young of this species with equally large »

specimens of C. Pondicherianus, Gunther, is very striking. My collector recently

brought several young specimens (12-14 inches) of the latter species from Arrakan, and

when compared with equally large specimens of porosus, the former all have the snout,

and also the tail, conspicuously shorter ; all have only six rows of shields on the back,

but there is an additional one on either external edge broken up into single shields,

In porosus the outer row of shields on either side is complete, or continuous, and on the

whole the dorsal shields appear to be smaller, In every other respect the young of

both species are identical. I have not seen an adult of Pondicherianus, but it ought to

be looked for in Arrakan. Both have a small shield on either anterior side of the

114 F. Stoliczka—Malayan Reptilia and Amphibia. [No. 2,

OPHIDIA.

30. TLyphlops nigroalbus.—Penang.

31. 7 braminus.— Penang.

32. Cylindrophis rufus.—Penang.

33.* Calamaria Staklknechti, n. sp.—Sumatra. |

34.* Oxycalamus longiceps.—Penang. j

35.* Simotes bicatenatus.—Sumatra and Penang. : |

36.* » eruentatus, Theob.— Penang. |

ol .* » catenifer, n. sp.—Penang and Jahore.

38.* Cyclophis tricolor.—Sumatra.

39.* Ablabes flaviceps, Ginth.—Suwmatra.

40. Compsosoma (Elaphis) melanurum.—Penang.

41. 3 radiatum.—Penang.

42. Ptyas korros.—Penang.

43. » hexagonotus, (Cant.)—Penangq.

44. Tropidonotus quincunctiatus.— Penang.

45. +5 trianguligerus, Schleg.—Penang.

46. 9 vittatus.— Penang. (Ginther’s Colub. Snakes). |

47.* Gonyosoma oxycephalum.— Penang. |

48.* Dendrophis caudolineatus, Gray.—Penang and Sumatra.

49. Bs pictus.—Penang and Sumatra.

50. TLragops prasinus.— Penang and Sumatra.

51. Dipsas cynodon.— Penang.

52. » Drapiezii.—Snmatra. (Comp. Schlegel’s Abbildungen).

53. » dendrophila.— Penang.

54. Chrysopelea ornata.—Penang and Sumatra.

55. “ rubescens.— Penang and Sumatra.

neck, it being a rudiment, or rather probably the beginning, of the anterior nuchal

plates,

Besides CO. Pondicherianus, my collector brought among others the following spe-

cies which I do not think had been previously recorded from Arrakan.

Callula pulchra.

Diplopelma carnaticum and D. Berdmoret.

Polypedates maculatus and P. quadrilineatus.

Hylarana erythrea and H, Tytleri, Both quite distinct species.

Riopa lineolata,

Tachydromus sealineatus.

Hemidactylus (Doryura) Berdmorei.

Hinulia maculata. Also common on all the Andaman and Nicobar islands.

Iycodon aulicus, (black variety).

1878.) F. Stoliczka—Malayan Reptilia and Amphibia. 115

56. Psammodynastes pulverulentus.—Penang.

57. . pictus.—Sumatra.

(Colub. Snakes, p. 251). Exactly agreeing with Giinther’s description.

58. Lycodon aulicus.—Penang.

59.* Ophites subcinctus.—NSumatra.

60.* » albofuscus.—NSumatra.

61. Bungarus fasciatus.— Penang.

62. <Adeniophis* (Callophis) intestinalis.— Penang.

a bs bivirgatus.— Penang and Sumatra.

63. .Xenopeltis unicolor.—Sumnatra.

64. Python reticulatus.—Penang.

65. Hypsirhina enhydris.—Penangq.

All specimens have an almost continuous dark line along the middle of the lower

side.

66. Hypsirhina plumbea. (Very variable).— Penang.

67.* ‘ [ Ferania| alternans.—Sumatra.

68. Fordonia unicolor.—Sumatra.

(The young are brownish olive with numerous dark dots).

69. Cerberus rhynchops.— Penang.

70. Homalopsis bucata.—Penang.

71. Hipistes hydrinus.—Penang.

72. Hydrophis robustus.—Sumatra.

73.* Trimeresurus Wagleri.—Penang and Sumatra.

74. i erythrurus.— Penang.

RANA FUSCA.

Comp. Anderson in P. Z. 8. for 1871, p. 197.

Rufuos brown above, with a pale Jongitudinal dorsal streak, broad in

front, narrow towards the posterior end ; limbs above somewhat indistinctly

variegated and banded with darker brown, posterior side of femora with

closer and darker variegations. Lower side uniform whitish, except a few

dark spots on the lower lip, but the front-end of the lower lip has a con-

spicuous white spot, as stated by Blyth.

The nostrils are much nearer the snout than the eye; the tympanum

is smaller than the eye, but quite distinct in a nearly full grown specimen ;

skin above and at the sides of the belly with few scattered slightly enlarged

tubercles ; lower side perfectly smooth. The first and second fingers are

slightly shorter than the third and fourth respectively ; the second is

shortest. The metatarsus has a single, inner, marginal, elongated tubercle.

The first and fifth toes are fringed externally, but the tarsus has no fold.

| The toes are entirely webbed and their tips very distinctly swollen.

‘ The length of the body equals the distance from the vent to half the

' length of the tarsus.

* See Peters in Monatsh. Berlin Akad., 1871, p. 579.

116 F. Stoliezka—Malayan Reptilia and Amphibia. _ [No. 2,

RaNA LYMNOCHARIS, Var. PULA.

Comp. Stoliczka, Journ. A. §, B. vol. xxxix. pt. II, 1870, p. 144.

Since the publication of my notes on this variety I have received two

other specimens from Penang. The form of the body, the teeth, the structure

and general coloration exactly agree with typical lymnocharis, except that

in one of the specimens the four dark bands on the upper side of the femora

are well marked and somewhat narrower than in the other, in which the

coloration is typical. In both, the lower lip is spotted and the chin varie-

gated with dusky. Neither of the specimens has a dorsal pale streak.

One of them measures, body 1°35 inch., which is only one tenth less

than the distance between the vent and the metatarsal tubercle, the total of

the hind-limb being 2 inch., while in a specimen of typical (half-webbed)

lymnocharis of which the body is also only 1:35 inch., the distance between

vent and metatarsal tubercle is 1:15 inch, but the total hind-Jimb is 2°2

inch. Thus in lymnocharis var. pulla the metatarsal bones are longer and

the fourth toe on the contrary much shorter than in typical lymnocharis.

’ In the former also, as previously noticed, the toes are nearly fully webbed,

the web reaching to very near the tip of the third and fifth toes, but only

to the base of the penultimate joint of the fourth toe.

The other specimen has the length of the body 1:3 inches, which is equal

to the distance between the vent and the heel, and the total hind-limb is

2°17; thus very nearly equal to that of lymnocharis, only differmg from

it by the fuller webbing, the web reaching fully to the middle of the penul-

timate joint of the fourth toe. In this specimen also the tips of the toes are

all remarkably swollen. All other characters are exactly as in typical

lymnocharis.

These variations appear to me to indicate that they are progressive or

undergoing certain changes according to the requirements of the animal, and

that we are, therefore, not entitled to give them a specific value, unless they

become permanent. I look upon this longer-limbed, shorter-toed and fuller-

webbed hill form of lymnocharis*as a small (pulla) local variety, possessing

certain peculiarities, in exactly the same manner as the Andaman and

Nicobar variety of the same species. (Comp. 1. c. p. 142 et seq., and

Proc. A. S. B. for June 1872, p. 102).

RANA PLICATELLA, n. sp. Pl. XI. Fig. 1.

Body moderately stout with longish hind-limbs and swollen tips to the

toes.

Head large, snout obtuse, with the canthi rostales rounded; nostrils

lateral, oval, somewhat directed upwards, nearer to the tip of the snout than

to the eye; eye large, prominent, its longer diameter is slightly more than

} 1873.] F.. Stoliczka—Malayan Reptilia and Amphibia. 117

the distance between it and the nostril, but it is equal to the width of the

upper side between the eyes. Tympanum naked, as large as the eye.

Head smooth above, hinder half of the eyelids tuberculated ; body above

with about eight longitudinal somewhat interrupted folds, with numerous

small tubercles between them; limbs also smooth above, with the exception

of the posterior halves of the tibize, which are tubercular ; chin in front with

a few scattered, minute tubercles, a few others exist on the side of the belly,

and the hinder part of the sacral region is densely studded with small plicat-

ed turbercles ; the remainder of the under side is smooth.

The length of the body is very nearly equal to the distance between the

vent and the middle of the tarsus ; the fore limb is equal to the distance

from the tympanum to the groin. ‘The first finger is scarcely shorter than

the third, the second and fourth are subequal. There is a slight fold on the

inner lower edge of the tarsus, and one along the outer edge of the fifth toe.

The tarsus has a single, inner, elongated, marginal tubercle. The toes are

about three-quarter webbed, the web reaching on the fourth toe to scarcely

beyond the base of the third-ultimate joint ; on all the other toes it extends

- to the last joint, but it is deeply emarginate between all of them. The tips

of all the toes are much swollen ; the length of the fourth measured from the

base of the tarsus is slightly less than half the length of the body.

Lower jaw with two fang-like projections directed inward. Tongue

elongate, much broader towards the tip than at the base, terminating with

two moderately sized projections. Vomerine teeth in two short oblique con-

verging series. Sacral diapophyses not dilated.

Above, greenish brown, with a dark band from the nostril through the

eye, continuing behind it; limbs with numerous transverse dark bands ;

they are somewhat ill-defined on the upper arm, on the lower arm there are

three or four very short ones, six on the femur, five somewhat more distant

ones on each tibia, three on the tarsus, one on metatarsus and a few more

on the outer-side of the toes. ‘The hinder sides of the femora are densely

and rather minutely variegated with dark brown ; a horse-shoe shaped yel-

low mark, open below, round the anus; folds on the tarsus and outer toe also

yellowish ; lips indistinctly variegated with pale and dusky ; lower side uni-

form white, except on the tibize, and on the feet, which are speckled with dark.

The only species which in some respects resembles the present form is

Rana porosissima, Steindachner, from Angola (Novara Amphibiens, p. 18,

pl. I, figs. 9-13), but it differs in the coloration of the limbs, in the smaller

size of the tympanum, smaller vomerine ridges of teeth, in having the apo-

physes on the lower jaw scarcely enlarged, the tips of the toes not swol-

len &e.

118 I. Stoliczka—Malayan Reptilia and Amphibia. [No. 2,

EUPREPES OLIVACEUS.

The young (body 1 to 1°5 and tail 1:5 to 2 inches) are very differently

coloured from the old. The snout and headshields are olivaceous, the pos-

terior edges of all the shields being blackish ; the whole body and limbs are

blackish brown, with numerous rather close, transverse, greenish white or

yellow stripes ; tail and the entire lower side yellowish white, or quite yel-

low. In the adolescent and some old ones the pale transverse bands exist

as remnants in the shape of transverse series of spots, but most adults become

entirely olivaceous, with only the edges of the eyelids bright yellow.

GYMNODACTYLUS PULCHELLUS.

In the descriptions of this species it is usually stated that there are six

dark, white edged bands across the body, but properly speaking the sixth

band is situated on the base of the tail. Further, it is stated that a fold of

the skin exists along the side of the body. This is in reality not the

case, at least not in live specimens, but the shield-like scales of the lower

side are separated from the granular upper surface by a row of conspicuously

enlarged granular scales; this row becomes strongly prominent in spirit

specimens, and gives the appearance of a fold.

As regards the position of the femoral pores the species is intermediate

between Cyrtodactylus and Gymnodactylus, the pores lying first in a long-

itudinal fold and then extending flatly on the femora. This instance shews

that Cyrtodactylus, (as likewise the present species), should be looked upon

merely as a section of Gymnodactylus.

DRACO QUINQUEFASCIATUS.

A single male specimen measures: head and body 3°5 inch, tail imper-

fect, apparently about 5 inches. The hind limb is contained 1°33 times in

the distance between it and the fore limb, the latter being somewhat shorter

than the former. There are no enlarged tubercles on the head, but only a

number of interspersed, slightly larger white scales at the sides of the neck,

and a broad band of closer set ones across the occiput. The scales on the

anterior part of the back are obsoletely keeled, on the posterior part they are

perfectly smooth. On the wings scales are present along all the ribs, and in

numerous longitudinal series on the basal half of the alar skin, while further

on their number greatly diminishes, except again at the outer margin.

The specimen has only a very slight indication of a crest on the neck ;

the gular sack is very long and lanceolate, a dark band running at its pos-

terior base across the lower neck. Chin dark spotted, like the body; tail

also spotted at its base, but further on with brown bands. In all other re-

spects the specimen agrees with Gray’s characteristic description.

;

— 1873.] F. Stoliczka—Malayan Reptilia and Amphibia. 119

DRACO FIMBRIATUS.

Dumeril and Bibron, vol. iv, p. 448.—Gray, Lizards, p. 234.

A specimen from Penang exactly agrees with the one figured by Gray

and Hardwicke in [llust. of Indian Zoology as D. abbreviatus from Singa-

pore. ‘The scales of the back are very small and almost quite smooth, with

a series of larger ones on either side at the base of each wing. Giinther

(Rept. Brit. India, p. 123) says that no orbital or rather post-orbital, spine

exists. This is a mistake, at least as far as male specimens are concerned.

In these there are two very distinct post-orbital spines; they are well

-shewn in Gray and Hardwicke’s figure. Dumeril and Bibron’s minute

description of the headshields from Javanese specimens also appears exactly

to correspond with the structure of Singapore and Penang specimens.

General colour bronze brown ; head, not including the nape, a zigzag

undulating slightly variegated band across the neck, another across the

shoulders, a third between the hind limbs, and a fourth, though less distinct

one, across the middle of the body, pale bluish, a bluish black spot between

the eyes ; on the body are four irregular marks, each composed of a few

blackish lines, and each enclosing along the middle of the back a somewhat

elongated diamond-shaped figure.

. Limbs with cross dark stripes, and bluish edges to all the front and

hind sides. Wings above blackish with radiating bluish lines, below pale

with a few scattered black spots. Tail banded with bronze and pale bluish.

Chin variegated with dark ; gular pouch tinged with blue and red, dusky at

the base. Body below uniform yellowish white, with scattered bluish dusky

spots, mostly conspicuous along the sides.

CALAMARIA STAHLKNECHTI, n. Sp. Pl. XI. Fig. 2.

Body long, cylindrical, snout somewhat narrowly obtuse; total length

18°5 inches, of which the tail is 1:2 inch; rostral reaching to the upper sur-

face of the head ; frontals anteriorly narrower than posteriorly, laterally

bent down, and in contact with first and second labials, the nasal being very

small; occipital six-sided, with the anterior angle shorter and more obtuse

than the posterior one, it is smaller than one occipital ; each of the latter has

an obtuse angle in front and behind, and both form an inwardly directed angle

along the suture oneither end; one pre- and one post-ocular ; five upper

labials, the third and fourth touch the orbit, the fifth is largest, in contact

with the post-ocular and occipital ; it is followed by a moderately sized shield

which has quite the appearance of a sixth labial, and indeed the gape

partially extends below this quasi-sixth labial ; above this last extends a long

temporal. Mental shield small ; five lower labials ; the first pair is the smallest,

. separated from each other, the fifth the largest. The first pair of chin-shields

is largest, each being in contact with three labials and having a very

120 F. Stoliczka—Malayan Reptilia and Amphibia. [No. 2,

obtuse angle behind ; the shields of the second pair are only about half

the size of the first, entirely separated from each other by two scale-like

shields following each other, and by two other somewhat larger shields

from the first very large ventral. Scales smooth, in thirteen rows ; ventrals

163, anal entire, subcaudals 22, the last single occupying the shortly pointed

end of the tail.

Uniform irridescent brownish black above, the two outer series of scales

on either side mostly white ; upper labials spotted with yellow, the fifth

labial being almost entirely yellow. Lower side, beginning a short distance

from the throat, with two or sometimes three ventral shields alternately yel-

lowish white and black, the black colour encroaching laterally upwards upon

the yellowish white lateral bands, and being longitudinally connected along

the edges of the ventrals and subcaudals ; the latter have besides an inter-

rupted blackish line along the middle, and the pale colour is tinged with

vermilion. Possibly the red colour extended over the whole of the light

coloration during the life of the snake.

The only specimen examined was sent to me with several other species

by my friend Mr. Stahlknecht of Singapore; he collected the same near

Dilli on Sumatra.

In general aspect the species resembles C. Linnei, but differs essential-

ly in several points of its structure. It also does not agree with any of the

species more recently described by Bleeker and Edeling, or figured by Jan.

OXYCALAMUS LONGICEPS.

A single specimen of this rare snake was in the Penang collection ; it

measures seven inches of which the tail is one.

The following may be added to Cantor’s and Ginther’s descriptions :

The rostral shield is of moderate size, reaching with its angle to the

upper surface of the head; anterior frontals small, each about one-third the

size of a posterior ; the suture separating the two anterior frontals is only

two-fifths of the length of the suture between the posterior frontals ; vertical

six sided, the sides touching the supraciliaries being parallel to each

other ; one supraciliary not quite as wide as half the width of the vertical ;

occipitals nearly double the length of the vertical, reaching down on either

side to the postocular ; nasal in a single shield.

Vent. 137, anal entire, subcaudals 29.

Uniform irridescent black above and below, many of the ventrals and

subcaudals with paler posterior edges ; a pale yellowish spot on the fifth

upper labial and a second one on each side of the throat.

SIMOTES BICATENATUS.

In several specimens, the dark dorsal band is divided by a pale reddish

1873. | F. Stoliczka—Malayan Reptilia and Amphibia. 121

line. A young specimen has only one preocular, and only the upper smaller

temporal is in contact with the postoculars.

SIMOTES CRUENTATUS.

Comp. Proceed A, S. B. for August, 1872, p. 145.

This species agrees in general aspect and coloration with S. bicatenatus,

but it has only seventeen rows of scales. One specimen in the collection

has a small portion of a labial detached, forming a second (lower) preocular ;

it has very few dark blotches on the anterior ventrals ; only two black spots

on the tail, one at the root, the other near the tip.

SIMOTES CATENIFER, n. sp. Pl. XI. Fig. 3.

The body is short, stout, moderately compressed, the head large, conspi-

cuously truncate in front.

Rostral shield well reaching to the upper surface of the head; anterior

frontals considerably smaller than the posterior ones, both bent down at the

sides ; superciliaries narrower anteriorly than posteriorly ; vertical large, six-

sided, with a very obtuse angle in front, somewhat converging sides, and

with nearly a right angle behind ; one occipital is about the same size as the

vertical, each reaches down to the superior postocular and is rather broadly

truncate behind. Nostril between an anterior large and a posterior some-

what smaller shield ; loreal squarish ; two pre-oculars, the upper is long,

while the lower has the appearance of being only a small detached portion

of the fourth labial; two postoculars; temporals 1 + 2+ pl., the last

is somewhat irregular and scale-like, the first obliquely in contact with both

postoculars. Hight, rarely nine, upper labials, the fourth and fifth under

the orbit, sometimes a small portion of the fourth is detached, touching

the orbit as a separate shield. Mental shield small; nine lower labials,

those of the first pair form a suture ; anterior pair of chin-shields largest, each

in contact with four labials; second pair much smaller, and separated by

other two somewhat smaller pairs following each other from the first ventral.

Scales smooth, in nineteen rows; ventrals 178 to 205, distinctly angular

at the sides ; anal entire, moderately enlarged; subcaudals bifid, in 57 pairs.

The general coloration of the upper side is sandy brownish ; head with

the usual dark brown markings ; the first band crosses the eyes and reaches

forward to the rostral; the second ascends across the angles of the mouth to

the outer median edge of the occipitals ; the third is thick, arrow-shaped,

anteriorly prolonged to between the eyes. Body with twelve or thirteen

dark cross bands, each composed of four confluent spots, the two dorsal ones

being larger and darker ; tail with four or five cross bands. Between each

two of these bands the scales, following alternately each other, are partially

blackish, forming three undulating cross lines in each interspace. The sides

122 F. Stoliczka—Malayan Reptilia and Amphibia. [No. 2,

along the ventrals are checkered with blackish brown; lower labials with

their hinder edges blackish. Lower side dusky yellowish, tinged with red

which passes into vermilion on the posterior half; every second or third

ventral has a quadrangular black spot at each of the outer edges, the

interposed edges being white, and the spots are somewhat more distant on

the ventrals than on the caudals.

The total length (in two specimens) is 9°5 inch., the tail being 1°75.

I have received one specimen from Penang and Mr. Wood-Mason lately

obtained a second one from Jahore, North of Singapore.

This is the fourth species of a small group of Stmotes, all of which are

closely allied to each other and all belong to the Malay or Chinese fauna:

they agree in their small size, short and stout body, in the form of the

head-shields and in coloration. S. Cochinchinensis, Giinther, has twenty-one

rows of scales round the body. S&S. brevicauda, Steindachner, (Novara Rept.

p- 61, pl. ii, figs. 13—14) has, like catenifer, nineteen rows of scales, but

the occipitals and oculars are in the former somewhat differently shaped,

the markings on the head are also somewhat different, and there are no

lateral spots on the ventrals ; in every other respect both species almost per-

fectly agree, as far as I can judge from the figure and description, and if I

had not obtained two perfectly like specimens of catenifer from different locali-

ties, I would have hardly ventured to separate them as distinct. The fourth

species is Jén’s S. ancoralis, which has the black spots on the edges of the

ventrals, but only seventeen rows of scales round the body and only one

pre-ocular.

CYCLOPHIS TRICOLOR.

Schlegel, Phys. Serp. II, p. 187, pl. vii, figs. 16—18 ; idem, Dum. and Bibr. ;

Ginther ; Jan, Oph. Livr. 31, pl. vi, fig. 2.

One specimen measures 18°5 inches, of which the tail is 7 inch. Scales

smooth, in fifteen rows, vent. 144, anal bifid, subcaudals 129. Greyish, or

rather olivaceous, brown above, yellowish white below, a black streak from

the nasal through the eye to the side of the neck, rapidly disappearing on

the anterior part of the body. Hach six-sided scale, above, has the anterior

lateral margins pale, producing longitudinal zigzag pale lines ; upper labials

yellow ; along the edges of the ventrals and sub-caudals runs an indistinct

dusky line, and another interrupted one along the middle of the ventrals,

these lines begin to appear a short distance from the neck, which is below

and at the sides uniform yellowish.

The fine zigzag pale lines of the upper side are indicated in Jan’s figure.

Both in structure and coloration the Sumatra specimen agrees with Schlegel’s

figure and description, except that the head is a little more slender.

This specimen had a large spider in the stomach. Schlegel’s snake was

1873.) F. Stoliczka—Malayan Reptilia and Amphibia. 123

from Java and the species has, I think, not yet been recorded from

anywhere else.

ABLABES FLAVICEPS, (var.), Giinther.

Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. XVIII, 1866, p. 26, pl. vi, fig. B.

One specimen agrees well with Giinther’s description and figure of this

snake, but it has nine upper labials, the second being replaced by two, so

that the 4th, 5th and 6th labials enter the orbit. The hinder chin-shields

are almost in immediate contact with the first well marked ventral. Total

length 16°7 inch., of which the tail is 55 inch., being somewhat obtuse at

the end ; scales in 17 rows, one pree- and one or two post-oculars, 150 ven-

trals, anal bifid, 70 subcaudals.

Head yellow, somewhat tinged with brown in front, a straight black

streak through the eye and a white one along the upper labials. The

general colour of the upper side is brown, powdered with grey ; a light blue

band begins on each side of the neck, continuing on each side of the back,

the colour gradually turning to grey, but both bands remain tolerably

distinct to the tip of the tail. On the front part of the body each

is marked with squarish black spots along the inner edge, further on

the spots become smaller, alternate in position on the two sides, but

- are somewhat removed from the internal margins towards the middle line.

Below, yellowish, all the ventrals, (except those on the neck), with narrow

blackish hind edges about the middle of the body, almost meeting in the

centre, but further on the black becomes more confined to the outer mar-

gins, and on the subcaudals it forms a serrated black band on either side,

as in Ablabes melanocephalus, to which the present species bears a very

strong resemblance. Dr. Giinther mentions in his specimen only the presence

_ of a black spot on either side of the ventrals.

GONYOSOMA OXYCEPHALUM.

A very large specimen, measuring about five feet, has the scales round

the body in 27 series; it is sea-green, the tail strongly tinged with rubes-

cent brown, the sutures of the scales being blackish ; the dark streak on the

side of the head is very indistinct ; upper labials whitish green.

DENDROPHIS CAUDOLINEATUS.

Dr. Giinther when noticing my paper on Penang Reptiles in the Zool.

Record for 1870, says that I described his D. caudolineolatus (from Ceylon),

as D. caudolineatus of Gray. I should have hardly expected such a brief dis-

_ missal of the consideration of all other points connected with the identification

of this species. Dr. Giinther appears to have noticed merely my statement

‘ regarding the thirteen rows of scales round the body, and to this one charac-

, 16

124 KF, Stoliezka—Malayan Reptilia and Amphibia, [Nov

pe tet > tennant

ter he seems to have sacrified everything else. Now the Penang species, of

which I lately also received four beautifully preserved specimens from Suma-_

tra, has only thirteen rows of scales. Cantor’s description of the snake is

admirable, and he gives also thirteen rows of scales. Dumeril and Bibron,

when describing their D. octolineatus, also speak of only thirteen rows, and

Jain (Ophid. Livr. 81, pl. II,) gives the same number of scales when figuring

the species under Dum. and Bibron’s name.

Thus the question to be determined is, whether Gray’s type has thirteem

or fifteen rows of scales round the body? If fifteen rows are present, we

have to see whether we are entitled to regard this number as a normal or

abnormal one in that particular specimen, that is, whether other speci-

mens from the same locality have 13 or 15 rows of scales ; for as far as other

points of structure and coloration go, the Penang and Sumatra species is

absolutely identical with Gray’s caudolineatus. I have no Bornean specimens

for comparison, soI can add nothing more towards the solution of the

question.

The Ceylonese D. caudolineolatus, as s far I can judge from the descrip-

tion and figure of it, differs in the structure of the pree-ocular, in the upper

labials, and so very essentially in coloration, that I could not have thought

of identifying the Penang cawdolineatus with it.

OPHITES SUBCINCTUS.

One specimen measures eighteen inches, of which the tail is 3:25 inch.

The general colour of the upper surface is black, slightly duller at the sides,

dull olivaceous blackish below ; front head above blackish brown ; seventeen

broad white rings round the body, the first on the neck, and four on the

tail; the white of the rings is considerably more distinct on the anterior

than on the posterior part of the body. The eight median rows of scales on

the back are keeled ; eight upper labials, regular on both sides.

OPHITES ALBOFUSCUS.

A remarkably slender snake, measuring 18°75 inches, of which the tail

is 5°75 inch. It has seventeen rows of scales, all strongly keeled, the keels

on the back being finely crenulated. The general structure exactly agrees —

with Giinther’s account of the species. The specimen has 241 ventrals, anal _

bifid, and 178 subcaudals, the last shield is single, very long and cylindrical.

The general colour is dark brown above, olivaceous white below; hind

head and collar on neck very slightly olivaceous white tinged with yellow ;

body with twenty-six transverse white cross bands, some are imperfect, the

intermediate brown bands of ground colour being first thrice, afterwards

only twice as broad as the white ones. Tail with about twenty-six

transverse white bands, several of them succeeding each other being often

1873.] F. Stoliczka—Malayan Reptilia and Amphibia. 125

confluent along the middle line, and all are about equally broad as the brown

bands separating them; towards the tip of the tail the light coloration

prevai's and almost entirely suppresses the dark one.

Mr. Stahlknecht obtained only a single specimen near Dilli on Sumatra:

Dumeril and Bibron also described a specimen from Sumatra; another one

is reported by Dr. Giinther as having been brought from Malabar, but as it

was bought from a dealer, the locality is not considered reliable.

HipstrHina [FERANIA] ALTERNANS, Reuss.

Eurostus alternans, apud Dum. and Bib., Herp. Gen., VII, p. 957.

Homalopsis decussata, Schlegel.—Hipsirhina alternans apud Jan, Ophid., Livr. 30

pl. vi, figs. 1 and 2.

One specimen measures: total length 8°25 inches, the tail being one

inch. It has two anterior frontals, the first scarcely half as large as the

_ posterior, vertical six-sided, much smaller than one occipital ; one loreal, one

_ pree-ocular, two post-oculars ; seven upper labials, the fourth under the orbit ;

; the two first lower labials are in contact ; two pairs of chin-shields, the

_ first forms a suture, the shields of the second pair are much smaller, diverg-

_ ing and with their upper pointed ends lying between the first chin-shields and

_ the labials. There are twenty-six rows of scales immediately behind the head,

twenty-two round the neck, below interrupted by the second ventral, and

nineteen round the middle of the body, ventrals 157, anal bifid, subcaudals

thirty-four, the first five entire, the last conical.

General colour brown ; head, above, anteriorly with a few pale spots;

_ back with narrow pale (yellowish) cross bands : the first passes over the hind-

_ edges of the occipitals and is laterally bipartite, the next four are simple and

| complete, the following after these mostly interrupted along the centre,

and after the middle of the body the bands become reduced to indistinct

lateral spots. The sides of the body are marked with a series of pale

yellow cross-bars, more than one scale broad, and are separated by equally

broad bands of the general brown coloration ; the lateral pale bands more or

less encroach upon the ventrals, but the general colour of these latter is

pale brown. Chin and upper labials spotted with yellow.

| This coloration slightly differs in minor details from that given by Jan,

a. ewe

but it agrees with it in all essential points.

The larger size of the occipitals as compared with the vertical, the

smaller number of upper labials and of the scales round the middle of the

_ body, and the coloration readily distinguish the present species from 7

— Sieboldi.*

’ * Giinther, in Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1866, xviii, p. 28 and in Zool. Rec. for 1868

Says, that Jan figured F. Sieboldi as Hypsirhina Bocourti (iconograph, Livr. 28, pl. v,

fig. 2). Jdén’s H. Bocourti has apparently only 23 or 25 rows of scales round the body,

126 F. Stoliczka—Notes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. |No.2,_

TRIMERESURUS WAGLERI.

Fresh specimens are black above, with numerous spots on top of head,

the superciliary edges, both lips, numerous narrow cross bands and the whole

of the lower side bright golden yellow with a greenish reflection during life ;

the stripe from the nostril to below the eye, continuing above the angle of

the mouth, one stripe on each side along the margins of the labials, and all

the other light spots on the back, but particularly at the sides, are sea-green,

more or less tinged with yellow.

PLLPLLLLL LLL LOL

NoTES ON THE INDIAN SPECIES OF T'HELYPHONUS,

by Dr. F. SroriczKa.

(Received 23rd February, 1873, read 5th March, 1873.)

[ With plate XIT.]

Towards the end of last year, a monograph of the genus Thelyphonus

appeared in the September number of the Annals and Magazine of Natural

History. The author of the paper, Mr. A. G. Butler, seems to have sifted

well the materials of the national collection in the British Museum, but

whether he has succeeded in his determinations of known, described and

figured, species, is a question on which I may be permitted to say a few

words. I will not unnecessarily transgress the field of my observations, and

will chiefly confine my remarks to the Indian representatives of the genus.

I had for some little time devoted attention to these Arachnoids, and

it has been my intention to publish a detailed monograph of the Indian

Thelyphont, together with an account of their anatomy,* notes on their

habits, propagation, development, etc., all points about which our present

knowledge is as yet very imperfect. Unfortunately, I have just at the

present neither the time nor the materials which would justify me to

treat satisfactorily with this subject, and I must leave it, therefore, for a

subsequent communication. One of the chief objects of the accompanying ~

notes is to draw the attention to certain discrepancies, or perhaps insufficien-

cies, in Mr. Butler’s determinations of a few of the Indian Thelyphoni.

the coloration is somewhat similar to that of F. alternans, the occipitals are much ~

longer than the vertical, and there is only one anterior frontal, this, however, is

also said to exist in an old specimen of Sieboldi from Siam. Still I am not certain

that Giinther’s suggested identity of the two snakes will be confirmed,

Jan does not acknowledge the distinctness of Ferania from Hipsirhina, and if F.

Sieboldi has occasionally only one anterior frontal, the principal reason for keeping

the two genera as distinct no doubt looses its validity.

* ‘As compared with that of the Scorpions.

a ee oe a

Sate wea gi aa

1 Th: scabrinus, p. 130.

2.Th: Assamensis, p 133.

8. Th: (cont) angustus, p. 134.

F.STOLICZKA ._Journ: Asiat: Soc: Bengal, Vol

3.a.

4. Th

6.Th:

6.Th: Beddomet, p. 142.

formosus, p. 137

1 A. Ny CLUS F

See explanolion on p.1#3,

XLII. Pt:11,1873.

P- 138

FL Xe.

say

pay pase? Samee ges

A Ey HOOT) OE Ie ee

oe".

Leaner ~

1873.] F. Stoliczka—Notes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. 127

Lucas’ account of the external anatomy of Thelyphonus is the only

reliable one which we as yet possess, Short as it is, it clearly points out

the great relation of the genus to Phrynus, and its essential difference from

the scorpions. :

As regards general distribution, I may say, that on the whole, parti-

cularly when compared with scorpions, the T’elyphoni are rare. I have only

observed two life species, Z: scabrinus and T. (conf.) angustus. Both were

found at the foot of the Sikkim hills in damp places under the bark of old

trees. They are crepuscular or nocturnal animals. When disturbed during

the day, they try rapidly to escape, slightly raising themselves on

their feet, holding up the cheliceres ready for defence, and erecting their

caudal seta. Thus they progress very fast and soon disappear in any crevice

or hole to which they find easiest access. In the evening they progress very

quietly, moving their antennular first pair of feet in advance. When

disturbed they stretch out these feet in a curve, and close their cheliceres

over the mouth as a kind of protection, lying at the same time quite flat

and motionless. I saw Z scabrinus issuing a_ peculiar fluid from two

internal piloric appendages on each side of the anus, but the fluid did not

have any offensive odour.

Mr. Peal of Sibsagur (Assam), who is an able observer and is always

ready to give assistance on any subject connected with natural history, writes

to me also that the ZThelyphoni are generally found underneath the bark

of decayed wood in groups, rarely singly. When first uncovered they

(generally) lie perdu and try to pass as some smudge or fungus; lying close

and flat, the legs gathered well together and the cheliceres folded in and

closed in front of the mouth. On being disturbed they generally start up,

throw out and up their cheliceres, gaping wide, erect the tail and invert it

so as to feel if possible any object above them; sometimes they throw it

‘quite over between the cheliceres. The first pair of feet, he says, seems to

act more as feelers them as organs of progression. ‘These animals seem to

move either very slowly or very fast. In raising any fragment offered, they

hold it aloft and stand well upon their legs, at least for a-time.

Mr. Butler proposed to group the Thelyphoni in three sections,

according to the number of denticles on the upper antero-interior edge ef

the second joint of the cheliceres. This is apparently a character of great

importance, but like all others it is not without variation. I found that the

relative proportions of the joints, particularly of the second, third and fourth,

are almost more constant than the denticles alluded to. The form of the

large spine on the fourth joint, and in fact the total length and ornamentation

of the surface of the cheliceres, and the proportionate length of the feet are

at least equally important in distinguishing the species.

128 _—*F.. Stoliczka—Notes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. [No. 2,

The next useful character lies in the form of the anterior part of the

thorax, whether it is depressed or rounded, and whether the anterior and

lateral eyes are connected by a ridge or not. Next in importance is the form

of the first abdominal shield. The length of the tarsi on the first pair of

feet is also tolerably constant, and so is the form of the mandibles, but these,

as a rule, are difficult to examine.

All other characters relating to the form of the body have a compara-

tively limited value ; the single parts are very uniformly constructed in the

different species, and are at the same time very much liable to variation.

Thus the width of the abdomen is very variable, (most likely according to the

different sexes), and so is the length of the abdominal seta, as regards

number and size of the separate joints, etc.

Turning now to the sections, distinguished by Mr. Butler, there are

some discrepancies to be noticed in the species referred to them by the author.

In the first section, with five denticles on the second joint of the cheliceres,

we find among others :

T. Brasilianus. I count in Koch’s original figure of the species at

least seven, almost equal, denticles on the antero-interior edge. Their

number, it is true, is not mentioned in the description, but if Koch’s figure

has been found to be incorrect, the correction should have been noticed. I

am not aware that anybody has pointed out an inaccuracy in Koch’s figure.

Guerin’s Z. caudatus (in his edition of the Régne animale) is identified

with 7. Antillanus of Koch. This is, I think, hardly admissible. Guerin’s

figure represents a species with comparatively shorter limbs and with the

third joint of the cheliceres smooth on the upper surface and much longer,

than a comparison of Koch’s figure of Z. Antillanus can bear out. The only

reason for the identification of the two figures is, I think, Guerin’s note that

T. caudatus is from the Antilles, but whether that particular specimen was

from the Antilles is an other question.

The identification of 7. Assamensis with T. rufimanus of Lucas is

entirely inadmissible, as I shall point out in detail further on (see p. 184).

T. proscorpio of Lattreille is an altogether doubtful species, and even

should Koch’s definition of the presumed same species be adopted, there is no

sufficient reason for considering it as identical with 7. cawdatus of Lucas. I

shall refer to this question again in the description of 7. scabrinus (see p. 133).

T. Linganus. Koch’s original figure gives six denticles on the second

joint of the cheliceres, but does not refer to that number in the text. Is the

figure incorrect in that respect ?

Koch’s 7. rufipes is clearly not the same species as the one originally

described by Lucas under the same name. ‘The cheliceres and the limbs are

in proportion to the body much longer in the former than in the latter ; and,

besides that, Koch’s species has a slight central keel on the upper side of the

;

— ‘ —s >

1873.] F. Stoliczka—Wotes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. 129

abdominal segments, and on the lower side the first segment is centrally

grooved ; neither of these characters are mentioned by Lucas, though when

describing the respective parts he could hardly have overlooked these promi-

nent characters I consider Koch’s rufipes as the same which he describes

under the name of proscorpio; for the differences which he notices as dis-

tinguishing the two are decidedly of no specific value.

In the second group with two denticles on the second joint of the

cheliceres, Butler describes Z. formosus. My specimen of evidently the

same species has six denticles of which, however, only two are well

marked.

In the third division, including species with six well developed denticles,

one is referred to under the old name of Z caudatus. I shall attempt to

trace the history of this name when speaking of 7. indicus, (n. sp.), which is |

possibly the same species as the one referred to by Butler from Madras and —

Bengal under the name of 7. caudatus. y

In addition to the three sections, I have one species, 7. Beddomei, from

the Anamallies, with seven denticles on the upper edge of the second joint.

Among the very large number of specimens of 7! scabrinus, (n. sp.), I found

instances in which the second left joint has occasionally six denticles, while

the right one had constantly only five. This clearly shews that the

sections solely based upon the character, selected by Mr. Butler, can have

only a very limited use.

Thus far I have commented upon Mr. Butler’s determinations, but it

must be understood that in the above instances my observations are mainly

based upon descriptions and figures ; for I have no other but Indian specimens

for comparison. If those descriptions and figures were found to be incorrect,

or not reliable, the mistakes had first to be pointed out and corrected, before

a determination, based upon them, was admitted or rejected.

Finally, before entering upon the specific details, I must briefly allude

to the geographical distribution of the genus. This distribution extends

from South America and the West Indies northwards to Mexico, in a

westerly direction through the ocean of little islands to the Philippines,

touching North Australia, and stretching North as far as Corea, China and

through the Malay Peninsula to Burma and India, where we meet with

most of the species in the provinces of Assam and Sikkim, more rarely

in Bengal and in South India, including Ceylon, all countries which have

a marked admixture of Malayan types. No species is known to occur

westward of the country alluded to, not even in Eastern Africa, as far as

we know at present. This distribution resembles in so many respects

that of the Passatipa, that I shall again return to its discussion at an

early opportunity.

130 —_—‘F. Stoliezka—Notes on the indian Species of Thelyphonus. [No. 2,

The species which I have to notice from India, are :

1. ZF seabrinus, n. sp.—Cachar, Khasi hills, Assam, Sikkim.

2. TL. Assamensis, Stol.—Assam, Sikkim. :

3. TZ. (conf.) angustus, Lucas.—Sikkim, Martaban (Moulmein), and

Penang.

4. TT. formosus, Butler.—Martaban (near Moulmein).

5. TT. mdicus, n. sp.—South India, W. Bengal, and Jahore, North of

Singapore.

6. ZL. Beddomei, n. sp.—South India (Anamallies).

I will make my descriptions as complete* as possible, and will not only

give figures of single parts of the body, but also of the perfect specimens,

in order to facilitate the determination by identification and not by guess.

Figures of single parts are undoubtedly very useful, but they are not

‘sufficient ; they do not convey an exact idea of the relative proportions of

all the parts of the body, and without paying due regard to these, a really

reliable determination of T’helyphoni is in my opinion impossible.

1. THELYPHONUS SCABRINUS, n. sp. Pl. XII. Fig. 1.

The whole upper surface granular ; lengtht of the five terminal joints

of the cheliceres equalling the length of the first eight abdominal seqments ;

the length of last pair of feet equals exactly, or very nearly, the total length

of the cephalothorax and abdomen ; second joint of the cheliceres with five

spines, third with a spine on the upper and lower inner edge, and equal in

length to the fourth joint ; a sharp upper ridge connecting the central and

lateral eyes ; first lower segment of abdomen of moderate size, depressed, with

a broadly convex posterior edge.

Hab.—Sikkim, Assam, Garo-, Khasi- and Cachar- hills.

The cephalothorax is slightly convex, with the anterior ocular portion

somewhat higher, but on the whole depressed and flattened, roundly obtuse in

front. The two anterior blackish eyes are separated by a moderately levated

smooth tubercle ; from its anterior edge proceeds a sharp ridge curving out-

ward, and running along the upper edge to the three lateral eyes, which are

pale yellow. The ocular portion is more densely and somewhat more coarsely

granular than the thoracic one ; the former has a longitudinal central groove,

and parallel to it an indistinct elevation on either side, placed nearer

* T know that few would take the trouble of reading them on account of their

length, but everybody, who has attempted to determine Arachnoids, will know that

a description, unless fully detailed, is worthless for an accurate determination.

+ This length is of course measured as far as the joints can be opened without

disconnecting the articulation; it is not the aggregate length of the separate joints.

{ Ishall speak of this as the cephalic groove, and of the one on the posterior half of

the cephalothorax as the thoracic groove and the lateral thoracic depressions,

-1873.] F. Stoliczka—wNotes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus, 181

to the margins ; the latter has also a longitudinal groove which is most de-

-pressedin the centre ; anteriorly from the central depression proceed two lateral

grooves to the postocular depressions, and from the centre itself two on

either side towards the margin. The sternum is triangular, obtuse in front.

The abdomen is moderately depressed, very elongately ovate, across

the middle about one-twelfth ofan inch broader than the thorax ; granular

_ above, with the posterior segmental edges crenulated ; the muscular points*

are round and well marked on the second to eighth segment, the three last

: segments are mostly smooth, the last joint being roundly compressed

fi towards the upper end, with a small vertical and eliptical gland on either

_ side. Below, the first nine segments are finely scrobiculately punctated at

the sides, and smooth along the centre ; the first joint is largest, equalling in

length the three last ones, with the central portion of the posterior edge .

_ somewhat convexly produced ; the second joint is barely curved at the edge and —

the third, like the succeeding, quite straight. The muscular impressions are

elongate and well marked on the fourth to seventh joints, but a little less

distinct and more approximate on the first and second joints. The caudal

seta very nearly equals in length the whole of the body, it is always

peculiarly attenuated towards the end, and all the joints are more or less

hairy. The length of the joints and their number is very variable ; the first

is as usually the longest, the succeeding either gradually decrease in length,

or some of them situated near the middle are longer than the rest.

i The cheliceres may be regarded as of proportionate size to the body.

_ The two first joints have each a strong spine in front, provided with a

sharp joint and a small denticle on the inner side. The second joint has

the upper side depressed, anteriorly moderately produced, with three small

_ denticles on the inner edge, and two larger ones on the ayterior one; the

_ outermost larger denticle is somewhat more distant from its preceding one,

than any of the others from among each other, but all are directed forward

_ and inward ; the inner concave side of this joint is coarsely granular, and

t the lower anterior corner has two denticles, of which the terminal one is the

: larger. The third joint on the upper side is equal in length to the

second, and laterally along the middle to the fourth; it always has a

i small denticle on the inner anterior corner, and a larger one in front of the

middle of the lower edge. The anterior process of the fourth joint equals in

length the fifth joint, it is depressed, smoothish, with a rapidly contracted

sharp point and serrated edges, the posterior serration being slightly coarser

* These points or depressions are very often called stigmatic points, but they

have nothing in common with the stigmata, which lie under the edge of the first

lower abdominal segment, and are not externally visible ; the depressions are merely

places of the inner attachment of the muscular bundles which connect the upper

chitinous integument with the lower one.

132 FF. Stoliczka—wNotes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. |No. 2,

and beginning with two somewhat larger denticles at the base of the

process ; this fourth joint also has a minute denticle on the lower anterior

corner. The fifth jot is invariably conspicuously shorter and thinner than the

fourth, anteriorly with a strong depressed, sharply pointed process which is

somewhat more coarsely serrated posteriorly than anteriorly ; the lower

anterior corner of this joint has two denticles, the anterior of which is

somewhat stronger than the corresponding denticle of the preceding joint.

The sixth joint, or movable claw, is somewhat longer than the process of

the fifth, slightly inwardly curved, sharply pointed, above and below with a

finely serrated edge, internally on the concave side with a smooth ridge, and

two equally smooth ones are externally on the convex side.

The first pair of feet are thin; the terminal eight tarsal joints are

shorter than the preceding metatarsal one. The coxal and femoral joints

of the three other pair of feet are thick, depressed, very densely and finely

granular.

Colowrs. Full grown specimens are above brown, slightly darker on the

cephalic portion of the thorax and on the cheliceres, except near their ends ;

all the feet from their tibial joints to the end are red, and each joint of the

three posterior pairs has near its terminal upper edge a black dot; the last

joint of the maxille, the ocular tubercle and the claws are black. On the

lower side the cheliceres, the prosternum, the abdomen are more or less dark

brown, the coxee of the feet and the sternum are yellowish brown and the

feet reddish brown.

The following are the dimensions of a specimen of very nearly the same

size as the one figured by Koch as Z. proscorpio.

Total length of cephalothorax and abdomen, ..........cccsosscsoesescovseseescee OF TMM,

PiGnSGl Or COPHBIMOTAR, sureties neck. aensae ban deeass vaaines'Wes tap 13.6

2» 5) abdomen, including the three terminal joints, .....csocessecssesee 200 99

9» 9, Cheliceres, measured above, without basal joint, ............ 17.5 5,

» 9 uirst pair of feet, excluding the basal or coxal jointy.......cse0. 44. 49

99. kg BQCOUG: CiUbO, » veces cbse eees «gat tre eee cussion 23 Peas ves aqh tier eney

9» ogy Wied :Githo, ...\caicaem cost cs pes a0 pagent RRM ess ins vas Sor Oy pie on nege ee

oe. oi 9p LOUTCH: GIUGGO, Oise peccs eels, «ckeas Gun ger eeEMRME: (cata Milian i'eey v0: ons pcnntieeee eee

99.99, AVAGMINAl SOLE, CIGLO, <5. 550 ..ss5ncau seuss que SeEEMEMRiia nos <seeed cessecess Steam

In young specimens (with a total length of about 20 mm.) the abdomen

is often slightly longer in proportion to the length of the cheliceres, but there

is not the least difference in structure. The body and cheliceres are

olivaceous brown, the process of the fourth joimt, the whole of the fifth and

sixth joints of the cheliceres red; coxal and femoral joints of all feet

olivaceous, the remaining joints and the seta yellowish red. On the lower

side, the basal joint of cheliceres is pale brown with the spinal processes

red, the three following olivaceous brown, the two terminal red ; prosternum

i” te MP

1873.] F. Stoliczka—otes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. 188

olive brown, coxe and sternum yellowish brown, abdomen pale brown, feet of

the same colour as on the upper side.

The species grows to a large size: the largest specimen from Sikkim

has the total length of cephalothorax and abdomen 50 mm.

In Sikkim the species is found from 1000 to about 4000 feet in damp

places under wood, more rarely under stones. It is the most common of all

the Indian Thelyphont. I have examined about forty specimens of all sizes

from 20 to 50 mm., and all exactly agree in structure.

It seems very samsctiadbe (judging from the localities recorded by Mr.

Butler) that there should be no specimens of this species in the British

Museum, but I am not certain whether Mr. Butler refers to if under 7.

rufimanus or proscorpio. He must have thought it not worth while reading

my description and comparing my figure of Z. Assamensis, or else he could

not have referred it to the present species.

The original name 7. proscorpio of Lattreille (Gen. Crust. et Insect.,

1806, p. 180) was, strictly speaking, proposed for Linné’s Phalangium

caudatum. In spite of the numerous references to figures in- various old

books, it is entirely impossible to trace the species which Latreille had in view,

The name would have had to be entirely ignored, but for its timely rescue by

Koch who figures a Javanese species under Latreille’s name, giving the

same synonyms, (Arachniden, Vol X, p. 26, pl. 333, fig 771). Judging

from mere figures, we are, I think, justified to regard the species,

delineated by Koch, as different from Lucas’ Zh. caudatus (to which I

shall refer further on). Koch’s proscorpio would appear to have the joints of

the cheliceres shorter and thicker, the fifth much stronger than the fourth,

(while the reverse is observed in Lucas’ figure), the centre of the anterior

upper abdominal joints keeled, the first, lower abdominal joint very large

and with a longitudinal groove. Ihardly think that Lucas could have over-

looked the last character, when describing the first lower abdominal joint ;

and besides that in his species he particularly refers to a separate small

spine preceding the great spinal process on the fourth joint of the cheliceres ;

it is indicated in his figure, but not a trace of it is to be seen in Koch’s

figure. For these reasons, it seems to me clear that we have to consider

Lattreille’s re-established Th. proscorpio as distinct from Linné’s re-esta-

blished T. caudatus.

Butler also doubtfully refers Lucas’ Z. angustus to his compound mix-

ture of Zh. proscorpio, but with still less reason, as I shall presently shew.

2. THeLyPHonus AssaMEnsis, Stol. Pl. XII. Fig. 2.

T, Assamensis, Journ. A. 8S. B. Vol. xxxviii, Pt II, 1869, p. 205, pl. xix, fig 1.

Lhe whole upper surface granular ; the length of the five terminal joints

of the cheliceres fully equals the first nine abdominal segments ; the last foot is

134 F. Stoliczka—Wotes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. (No. 2,

longer than the cephalothorax and abdomen together ; second joint of

cheliceres with five subequal spines, four being on the inner, one somewhat

more distant on the upper anterior edge ; third joint with a single strong

spine on the lower median edge, it is longer and slenderer than the fourth joint,

whose anterior process is long, subcylindrical, smooth posteriorly, denticulate

on the antero-interior edge ; a sharp denticulate ridge connects the central

with each group of lateral eyes ; first lower abdominal segment depressed,

particularly in the middle, with the posterior edge convealy produced.

Hab.—Assam and Sikkim. The species is much rarer than the previous.

It will be seen from this abbreviated characteristic that the species is

very closely allied to the previous, but after having examined several speci-

mens of each, exactly agreeing with each other, I think they must be looked

upon as two distinct species. I have already given a detailed description of

the present one.

In size and coloration it almost exactly agrees with Z. scabrinus, but

is slightly more depressed, the cheliceres are somewhat more slender and

longer. The spmes on the second jomt are subequal, four on the imner

edge, and one distant one on the upper edge; the form of the third joint

and the process on the fourth differ essentially, as may be readily seen by

a comparison of the enlarged figures of the respective cheliceres. The feet are

also proportionately longer than in Z. scabrinus ; the eight tarsaljoits on

the first pair equal in length their preceding metatarsus. Internally along

each group of lateral eyes are two imperfect ridges of granules somewhat

parallel to the central cephalic groove.

As regards general form and proportional size of the joints of the

cheliceres 7. Assamensis is also closely alliedto ZT. caudatus, as emended by

Lucas, but the denticles on the second joint are very different.

Butler (loe. cit. p. 202) considers Z! Assamensis as the adult of 7.

rufimanus of Lucas. If such identifications were admitted, we might better

give up the idea of distinguishing at all species of Thelyphoni ; a superficial

comparison of the respective figures will shew that the cheliceres and lmbs

of ZT. Assamensis are proportionally very much longer, than could possibly

be attributed to achange inage. Lucas particularly refers to the shortness

of the cheliceres* in his description of 7. rufimanus, their third joint is

said to have no spines whatever; the first lower abdominal segment is stated

to be very large. Besides that it appears to me, judging from the figure, that

there is in Lucas’ species no sharp ridge between the central eyes.

3. THELYPHONUS (conf.) ancustus, Lucas. Pl. XII. Fig. 3.

? T. angustus, Lucas, Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. for 1835, pl. 10, fig, 3.

Cephalothorax and abdomen long and slender, finely granular above ; che-

liceres in young almost entirely smooth, in old specimens with the exception of

* They are much shorter than the abdomen,

oe ae

eee ee

-1873.] F. Stoliczka—Wotes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. 185

the second joint mostly smooth, the length of the five terminal joints is about

equal to that of the first six abdominal segments, which is slightly more than

the length of the cephalothorax ; the length of one of the last feet, or that of

the caudal seta, is considerably less than that of the cephalothorax and

abdomen together ; cephalic portion of thorax at the sides between the central

and lateral eyes rounded ; second joint of cheliceres with five denticles, of

which the two uppermost are subequal and larger than the three others ; third

4 joint not longer than the fourth, with a denticle on both the upper and lower

inner edges ; first lower abdominal segment depressed, with the posterior central

edge somewhat narrowly produced.

Hab.—Penang, Moulmein, and Pankabari (Sikkim).

I have six specimens for examination, two from each locality ; they all

agree in the above characters, and appear to me to be referable to Lucas’s

species.

The slenderness of the body and the shortness of the cheliceres are very

striking distinctions as compared with the two preceding species. The

cephalothorax is only about half the total length of the abdomen, with the

anterior end somewhat narrowly rounded, convex above, the cephalic portion

being more distinctly, though still very finely, granular than the thoracic

one ; the median ocular tubercle is low, rounded, smooth ; the central eyes

small, black; the sides between them and the lateral amber-coloured eyes

rounded, with a slight longitudinal elevation above the latter. The cephalic

eroove is distinct, beginning a short distance behind the ocular tubercle. The

central thoracic impression is rather large, with a very fine groove passing

through it ; lateral impressions rather indistinct. Prosternum on the face

obtusely keeled with a short anterior broad point ; sternum ovately subtrian-

gular, smooth, anteriorly subtruncate.

The first nine abdominal shields are on the upper side very finely

granulated, with slightly raised lateral and posterior edges. The muscular

rounded pits are well marked from the second to the eight segment. The

lateral kin is densely and very finely punctated and scrobiculate. The first

segment has the middle of the posterior edge narrowly produced, and its

length laterally is equal to that of the two succeeding ones, all three are

broadly laterally punctated, smooth in the middle, while the other segments

are mostly smooth, with only a few fine scattered dots.

The caudal seta is always shorter than the total body; it is distinctly

hairy in young specimens, but the hairs easily wear off in adults.

The cheliceres are almost quite smooth in young specimens,while in adults

_ the second joint is on the upper side densely punctated, the other joints are

very sparingly covered with hair, these becoming, however, more numerous

towards the tips. The first joint is flattened, with two anterior diverging pro-

cesses, each terminated by a short spine, which has the appearance as if it had

136 =F. Stoliczka—otes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. [No. 2,

been set into the abbreviated end of the process. The remaining five

joints are in form, relative size and denticulations, exactly like those of Th.

scabrinus on a small scale, with the single exception that, as already observ-

ed, they are mostly smooth. The eight tarsi of the first attenuated pair of

feet are considerably shorter than the preceding metatarsus. The remain-

ing feet have the femoral joints depressed and finely granular above.

Colour of adult, above, blackish brown, somewhat less pure on the abdo-

men and with the three terminal joints of the cheliceres reddish brown, coxal

and femoral joints of all feet olivaceous brown, remaining joints bright red ;

lower side entirely reddish brown, only the second and third joints of the

cheliceres, the points or denticles of all the other joints, the prosternum, the

femora, the external margins of the abdominal segments, including near-

ly the whole of the four terminal ones, are blackish ; the shades of brown,

however, slightly differ : the last joint of the cheliceres being rather bright

red, the first pair of feet reddish brown, the coxz and sternum yellowish

brown and the abdomen chesnut brown; the seta is reddish brown.

Younger specimens have all the upper dark brown as well as the lower

reddish coloration paler, but the ends of the cheliceres are bright red and

the feet and caudal seta yellowish red. In the four specimens from Sikkim

and Penang the femoral joints of the first pair of feet are dark, in the two

specimens from Moulmein the whole of these feet are reddish brown.

The largest specimen from Sikkim measures :—

Motal length (excluding tho SCbAPAE - vss... ce'isevealeveceolisdecsiddaveviolebs sddeed | OL m.m.

Length of five terminal joints of cheliceres, .........s.s00 esse secsecseessece LL stig

Se ide) COPNSIGE ROLE. o Big nee ech os Meabba san p00 univenensrasanmioesenius Umiuidag 60 ae

» 9, abdomen, ........ Se iaap iid sia’ ty io.s'e eapine tis eeaee Se eee rae

» 9, urst pair of feet (éxelaitie ‘thio wae iia ea chone Gases sae nee ie

*.: gp Second, un vans sopices GMORERT Wt 4s ouvlogeBupton nea cee sus oselteeysieraca ira ae So amon

a yy ROOT, GBs IP cco th. . Sade, Gedtbeldge NePaaivieds Voe'ds cadt vee ia bes Me

9.0), fourth, Fe re ee te Le Tee Tek

» sy caudal saad sida, Sees b 26°R asi ee

A comparison of my aanned an eee on of ibis pr ane species with

those of Lucas (loe. cit.) will show, that the form of the body, the propor-

tions of the different joints and the coloration agree as closely as could be

expected, so much so that I can scarcely doubt the identity of the two.

There is only one point in Lucas’ description which, although in itself ap-

parently of no very great importance, is contradictory to what can be observed

in my specimens. Lucas says that the third joint of the cheliceres is smooth

on the upper inner edge, and provided with a spine only on the lower edge,

while in all my specimens there is a distinct though very small spine on the

upper edge and a somewhat larger one on the lower. As Lucas’ type is in

the Paris Museum, it will be comparatively easy to settle this point by a

re-examination of the specimen.

1873.) F. Stolicazka—Notes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. 187

4, THELYPHONUS FoRMosvUS, Butler. Pl. XII. Fig. 4.

Ann. and Mag. nat. hist. 1872, vol. x, p. 203, pl. xiii, fig. 4.

Upper side of body finely granular, of cheliceres nearly smooth, length

of the five terminal joints of cheliceres very nearly equalling that of the

Jirst nine abdominal segments ; second joint of cheliceres on the upper ante-

rior edge with six very small denticles, of which only the two middle ones are

pointed, fourth and fifth joints more swollen than the two preceding ones ;

edge between the central and lateral eyes swollen, rounded, not carinated ;

length of one of the last feet almost exactly equals the cephalothorax and the

abdomen ; first lower abdominal segment very large, with the median

posterior edge produced, but still truncated, and depressed.

Hab.—Moulmein, (in the Martaban province).

The cephalothorax is comparatively small, its length being only slight-

_ly more than half that of the abdomen ; it is convex, anteriorly somewhat nar-

rowly rounded, with the cephalic portion behind the ocular tubercle trans-

versely rugose, further onrugosely granular, the granulation being considerably

stronger than on the thoracic portion. Ocular tubercle and central eyes

small, black. Cephalic groove with slightly raised margins. Edges begin-

ning a short distance behind the central eyes and extending to the laterals

broadly rounded and swollen. Median and lateral thoracic grooves and

impressions narrow, but distinct and shining smooth. Prosternum narrow,

subcarinate ; the sternum rather elongately trigonal, anteriorly obtusely

rounded, with the sides posteriorly sloping.

The first nine upper abdominal segments very finely granular, with

crenulated posterior margins ; the muscular rounded pits are distinct on the

first eight segments, the three last narrow segments are smooth. Sides

punctured, and with small scattered elongated tubercles, of which a median

row slightly exceeds the others in size. On the lower side the two first

segments are strongly rugose at the sides, the others only punctated, the

median portions being smooth, except on the narrow secondand third segments

_ on which the punctuation extend almost to the centre. The first segment is

_ largest, with the posterior part centrally produced, but with the edge truncate.

The first pair of feet is entirely smooth, the second and third have the femoral

joints, and the last all the joints, scrobiculately punctated, the punctuation

extending even to the hinder sides of the coxe.

The cheliceres are sparely hairy, except on the inner sides and near the

tip. ach first joint has anteriorly a strong sharply pointed process.

The second joint has on the upper margin six denticles, four being on the inner

edge,—the two lower obtuse, the two upper pointed and longer,—the fifth and

sixth are on the anterior edge, both very small and indistinct, the last is

distant from the rest ; the anterior half of the joint is transversely rugose ;

the lower anterior edge has two subequal very small denticles. ‘The third

re fo

138 _F. Stoliczka—Notes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. [No. 2,

joint is slender, slightly longer than the second, with numerous sharp gra-

nules on the upper rounded inner edge, and one strong spine in the middle

of the lower edge. The fourth joint is not longer but considerably thicker

than the third, with a long, inner, rather equally slender, smooth, anterior

process, with its termination shortly bifid and internally provided with a

compressed tubercle. The fifth joint is equal in length to the preceding, but

again more inflated, with a short and broad anterior process, sharply serrated

on both edges. The sixth joint is moderately curved, externally grooved

and with the upper and lower edges finely serrated, and internally pilose.

The length of the eight tarsi of the first pair of feet is less than that

of the metatarsus. ‘The femora of the other feet are moderately thickened

and depressed.

Colowrs. Above,—cheliceres and cephalic thorax brilliantly shining

blackish brown, remainder of cephalothorax and abdomen dull black-

ish ; maxille with the exception of their tips and all feet bright reddish

chesnut ; caudal seta somewhat deeper red ; sides of abdomen fulvous brown.

Below,—cheliceres on the first joint dark brown, remaining joint blackish

brown, sternum, coxee and feet reddish chesnut, abdomen darker chesnut.

I have some years ago collected this species near Moulmein, wherefrom

Butler’s type was received. If the second joint of the cheliceres of the type

specimen has no indicaticn of any other but two denticles, the occurrence

must be looked upon as,an accidental variation. The form of the body

and of the cheliceres is so characteristic, that the species cannot be easily

mistaken with any other. The following are the dimensions of an apparently

full grown specimen :—

Total length of cephalothorax and Bhdomen, 225... sieves verse cvecseteceusssoses 20" THE

Length of the first terminal five joints of cheliceres, ......... es seorescesesseee 13.5 5, 95

pp (1 Gp, COPDALOGR OBA i osisnnsadetialens ae sitiay dae. ae We \inalsns cat hee hde'con(o'e iad nee

by. boy ED POMON hove eee eC Sere

sy» first pair of legs (asekue ——_ os isin. nd SEEMS ns Gaavablna’ Pol cad uals taste

59: gp. ROGOWU,. - ycivan ons souierty Hales Sel ates on gees a Sane ase.dvgnles iin -vnia2 kee Oe nn

ay, gg DEUCE, asn,ccis.anehas vamitepitaeiine ae +c et es Meee oti ca8e* cos tgh vers sacrbece wc Cen ar

59> pp LOMEGH, Sow couvienteegonas ence sc 105 Meee Mtb shss mee yee tos cae desiee aera ee

5) 99 caudal seta, ee PS C08 BO ESR E FOe Fee eHE FF OHH n+ Cee reHeeesee SS eee ser test eee cee 19. ” %?

5. 'THELYPHONUS INDICUS, n. ep. Pl. SE erie ie:

An Thel. caudatus auctorum !

Upper side very finely granular ; the first nine abdominal segments,

centrally, with a partial, very fine carina ; cheliceres mostly smooth, except on

the second and third joints which are densely punctated ; the length of the

Jive terminal joints of the cheliceres equals that of the first seven or seven

and a half abdominal segments ; the length of one of the last pair of feet ws

very nearly equal to that of the cephalothorax and abdomen taken together ;

:——

ee eS

= —“—S

1873.] _‘F. Stoliczka—Wotes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. 189

a short sharp edge in front of the lateral eyes, not continuing to the central

eyes ; second joint of cheliceres with six small, subequal denticles, third not

longer than the fourth, with a little spine above and below ; first lower abdo-

minal segment very large, convex, centrally grooved.

Hab.—South India, Western Bengal, and the Malay Peninsula.

The cephalothorax is rather obtusely rounded, with the perpendicular

front side perfectly smooth ; the ocular tubercle is also smooth and very

high, the circumference round each black central eye being depressed. From

the ocular tubercle passes in a curve a rounded edge below the central eye,

and after a short distance from this one joins a thin, but sharp and finely

serrated, ridge which continues to the lateral eyes; the latter are pale

amber yellow. The upper side of the cephalic thorax is flattened, indis-

tinctly granularly rugose, with a rather small central groove. The thoracic

portion is very finely granular and most minutely punctated, with the cen-

tral depressions distinct, but the lateral ones ill-defined. The abdomen is

one sixth broader than the thorax, very finely granular, with a fine central

carina, scarcely traceable on the fourth and fifth segments ; all have a poste-

rior submarginal row of very minute granules ; the last three narrow segments

are smooth. ‘The first segment on the lower side is very large, smooth,

centrally grooved, with the posterior edge somewhat produced and broadly

truncate. All the other segments are finely rugose; the second and third

being very narrow.

All the joints of the cheliceres are internally distinctly pilose.

The first joint is sparingly punctated ; on the median anterior part

it is transversely rugose, terminating with a sigmoid, pointed process.

The second joint has an anterior rounded shovel-like edge provided with six

subequal denticles, of which the two outermost are more distant from the

other four than these among themselves ; on the lower edge there are two

unequal denticles. The third joint is short, with a small denticle at the

inner upper end and a larger one on the middle of the lower inner edge.

Both the second and third joints are densely punctated above and outward-

ly, and granular below ; the following are mostly smooth. The fourth joint

is slightly thicker than the third, with a long, pointed, anteriorly and_pos-

teriorly serrated process ; it has no spine on the lower side. The fifth joint is

again somewhat more inflated with a short, broad, depressed process, sharply

serrated on both sides ; on the front margin of the lower side there is a minute

denticle. The sixth joint is slender, considerably longer than the process op-

posite to it ; the upper and lower inner edges are, as usually, finely serrated,

and near the tip there is on the upper edge a conspicuously enlarged

tubercle.

The tarsi on one of the first pair of feet are shorter than the preceding

metatarsus. ‘The femoral joints of the other feet are compressed, granular

140 F. Stoliczka—WVotes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. [No. 2,

above, smooth below ; the last foot is very little shorter than the whole body,

and the caudal seta fully equals in length the latter, it is multi-articulate

and densely pilose.

Upper side of cephalothorax and abdomen dull brownish black ; che-

liceres shining deep chesnut, feet and seta bright chesnut. Lower side,—

cheliceres same as above, feet, sternum and first abdominal shield bright

chesnut, rest of abdomen deeper chesnut.

Total length of cephalothorax and abdomen, ,,,......secscosessssccecsecceseecee .OO-0 MM, M,

Length of the five last joints of cheliceresy. .i..c ccssesscveestovsesscesertesssne LOO gf yy

apis) i CRP MLlOUNOR BR) yp piphi fis te ois vie awh oleae tine Fedele arciote ved xn vee Be (LW ne sieetn eee pk

sof) ip. GOON, cabs... sibidhy 84:6: usnieinin o5\e)e.duin aa hina aipdin Sed ecg aia ee

9 45, first pair of feet (vitheosn), sis Fan) <patrm od w'virsiind aie Sad da pining annee a ee

Ma Og ROLL, |. ins ws gies RRO AERTS TKiniate nas xs wlbnale waesgening. = xP tenets cori ele

Soe gy WET y | leon nme vaeiowsintsteaNEe: «1 add due sen vascesce nuns wes une ay Ooeaee,<Pe en at ee

oF ily, fourth, Did cen oes MEMES ebiene nh oie h eo wale eu’ lcs viol Sh Ge ome ales Ves" ay ote sists ane nn

%» » caudal wits. b Rai cated 36.

The preceding Auieptieats wn oe ae pete: Ne a ade Indian spe-

eimen which I had received from Major Beddome.

Another specimen was collected by Mr. Ball near Sirgija in Western

Bengal. It agrees with the former in every particular, except that the den-

ticles on the second joint of cheliceres are somewhat stronger, and that the

fourth and fifth joints are not so much inflated, both being only slightly

thicker than the third.

Several other specimens were obtained by Mr. Wood-Mason’s collector

at Jahore, at the extreme south end of the Malay Peninsula. These also

agree in every point of structure, the proportions of the body, &c., with the

type form, but the first, second, third and fourth joints of the cheliceres are

more densely punctated, while the tumidity of the fifth is intermediate

between the South Indian and the Bengal specimen. The six denticles on

the second joint of the cheliceres are well developed, and the process on the

fourth is a shade broader than in either of the two Indian specimens.

Judging from the references to the two localities Madras and Bengal,

it would seem probable that the present species had been alluded to by Mr.

Butler under the name Zh. caudatus, though the remark referring to the

broad body and depressed abdomen would rather apply to the next species.

But here the question arises what is Thelyphonus caudatus = Phalangiwm

caudatum of Linneus ? Mr. Butler (loc. cit.) gives among others as the refer-

ence of 7. eaudatus Linné’s Syst., and Fabricius’ Ent. Syst. If anybody will

look through these references, he will, I think, find very little satisfaction in

the definition of 7. caudatus.

As habitat of the species, Mr. Butler gives Ceylon, Madras, Bengal

and Tenasserim, and says that it is a broad, well marked form, having

— 1873.) F. Stoliczka—Notes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. 141

six teeth on the second joint of cheliceres and a very depressed* abdomen,

and that it has been confounded with two, if not three, other species!

Now I confess after having carefully looked over the references alluded to

and Mr. Butler’s notice, I have not succeeded in tracing Linné’s Z. caudatus,

nor will, I think, anybody else do so; and if the species has been con-

founded by older writers, as no doubt it was, Mr. Butler has only added his

share to that confusion.

Let us see whether and how far we might be justified to adopt the

name 7. caudatus.

Linné named a species in ‘ Syst. nature 619, n. 2’ Phalangiwm cauda-

twm, which he characterises as ‘chelis ramosis, ano setifero” In Museum

Lud. Reg., 1764, p. 426, the celebrated author describes the same species in

detail and gives ‘ habitat in Java,’ quoting at the same time Seba’s figures

7 and 8 on pl. 70 of his Thesaurus. To determine anything according to

Seba’s figures is an altogether hopeless case, but we know that Linné’s de-

scription of Ph. caudatum was drawn up after a Javanese specimen, and we

must, therefore, look to Java for Linné’s Ph. caudatwm. When we see

through our literature we find, I think, only two descriptions and figures,

which can bear out any comparison with Linné’s type, and these are Lucas’

Th, caudatus ex Java, and Koch’s Th. proscorpio ex India orientali et Java.

In reading carefully over Linné’s description, I think, the passages

corpus...... ferrugineum,......... chelz...... articulis 5 constructe...... B (@.e.

articulus tertius) subrotundus, inermis,... y (2. e. art. quartus) subrotun-

Wus...... are decidedly more in favour of Lucas’s than of Koch’s figure. If

we, therefore, wish to retain Linné’s name we can reasonably, I believe,

only adopt it in the form in which it had been introduced into science by

Lucas in his Monograph of the genus in Guerin’s Mag. de Zoologie for 1835.

Any other meaning, which we force upon Linné’s name, is more arbitrary than

this, still I do not wish to leave altogether the references of previous authors

: to this name without notice.

I have already (p. 133) stated the reasons, which appear to me to indi-

cate that Koch’s reinstated Zh. proscorpio of Lattreile is distinct from Lu-

eas’ Th. caudatus of Linné.

Fabricius copied Linné. In Syst. entomologiz, 1775, p. 441, he only

added ‘habitat in India orientali, and I do not think it improbable, that

several specimens of Thelyphoni had been sent by the French and German

Missionaries from South India to European Museums.

Pallas’ two figures most probably refer to Th. scabrinus. He also had

Indian specimens.

Lattreille, both in his Hist. nat. des Crust., p. 130, pl. lx, fig. 4, and

in his Gen. Crust., p. 180, evidently confounded various species from differ-

* Linné says: abdomen ovato-oblongum, supra et subtus gibbum,

142 =F. Stoliczka—Wotes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. (No. 2,

ent parts of the world under one name. He does not give any descriptions.

The figure in Guerin’s Régne animale would, if correct, represent a

species distinct from Zh. Antillanus, Koch, as already (p. 128) observed.

Douges and M. Edwards’ figure in their edition of the Régne animale

most likely represents Koch’s 7. proscorpio.

I do not think it would be profitable to go further with this review,

even if I had all the old books at hand. I have looked over many of these

historical figures and descriptions, and if anybody wishes to study the history

of the genus, he might do the same, but if he wishes to determine his species,

he will find it much more profitable, to ignore every reference written

prior to 1835, the date of Lucas’ Monograph of the genus.

6. THELyPHONUS BeppomEt, n. sp. Pl. XII. Fig. 6.

Upper side of body granular, of cheliceres sparely punctated ; length

of the jive terminal joints of cheliceres equal to the first eight abdominal

segments, these have on the upper side a median thin ridge; second joint of

cheliceres with seven denticles on the upper edge ; third joint on upper side

shorter than the fourth, above and below with a spine ; the length of one of

the last limbs very nearly equals the total length of the body ; a very fine short

ridge in front of the lateral eyes ; first lower abdominal segment enlarged,

along the middle indistinctly grooved, with the posterior edge centrally much

produced and rounded.

Hab.—Annamally mountains, South India.

The cephalothorax is much higher anteriorly than posteriorly, rounded

in front, with the ocular tubercle prominent, smooth, its posterior portion

being separated by a fine incomplete transverse groove from the intra-ocular

one ; central eyes of moderate size, dull yellowish ; lateral eyes amber colour-

ed, with a short, very thin and finely serrated ridge in front of them, dis-

appearing already at the middle of the distance between the lateral and

central eyes, Cephalic thorax granularly rugose, shining ; thoracic portion

conspicuously broader, more finely granular, dull. Cephalic groove deep,

median thoracic and postocular pits and lateral groove well developed,

smoothish, shining. Sternum elongately semi-elliptical. Abdomen rather

broadly ovate and depressed, above granular, with very slightly raised pos-

terior and lateral margins, the first eight segments with a central longitudi-

nal fine ridge. Sides granularly scaly. Lower surface almost smooth, with

spare fine pits ; first segment much larger than any of the others, depressed-

ly convex, longitudinally indistinctly grooved, and with the central poste-

rior edge considerably and rather narrowly and roundly produced.

First joint of cheliceres with the usual anterior process, provided

with a rapidly attenuated sharp point. Second joint on the upper edge with

seven denticles, of which the outermost is the smallest and the median on

es lle

—1873.] ‘F. Stoliczka—Wotes on the Indian Species of Thelyphonus. 143

the inner anterior corner the largest ; below with two subequal denticles.

Third joint with a distinct denticle on the upper and a slightly larger one

_ on the lower side, the latter is accompanied by a minute sharp granule. These

two joints are above and below rather densely punctated. The fourth joint

is more swollen and larger than the third, with a depressed, anteriorly and

- posteriorly sharply serrated process, and a little spine on the median ante-

rior lower edge. Fifth joint somewhat thinner than the previous, with a

quite similar process than on the preceding joint, but slightly shorter, and

also with a denticle on the lower‘side. Sixth joint, or movable claw, long,

with the upper and lower inner edges serrated.

Tarsi of first pair of feet slighly shorter than the preceding metatar-

sus. All other feet with compressed, and on the upper side finely granular,

femoral joints. Caudal seta slender, with rather elongated, hairy joints ; its

length equals that of the whole body.

Body including the seta, above, dark brown, on the cheliceres and on the

cephalic portion of the thorax shining blackish brown; feet chesnut ; lower

side, deepest brown on the cheliceres and on the posterior end of the abdomen,

dark brown on the first joint of cheliceres and on the anterior part of the

abdomen, and lighter brown on the coxe of the feet and on the sternum.

Total length, . Sees eager Was/e7aihaw eee Sniccd Ghd vacmen See twicy s¥e,08' esvdases, BOO: 2k fb,

Length of the thes Gepmtingl joints of relinahdd, seats Raeeenenaaae Jala deltea.. cnitiad Sk lo see gs

RE GDIALODUOCR | wapcaiivwe. ssosaiss Sveduehive sou Cideredes isdesceseuseancane | LAID. 95)" 5g

S? s/abdomen,.....i.° Sand ba caiteNiaenn ond dace eae nloernis putde dh Gia scaseainee Le LOM gam sod

CERMIE NEG SME (OL TODDS mrdeac dasninanseGa'cs bane ty dae NaansdoactasedeeeViewsitdiesedsay AOC gy) ag

Os Eo Se A ee SEND ORD Tee RRS eit oi 8 Sandan

ee ER eit eC habw ists ol pou idéimieisar. bs Lc aidsve veuwss at neh sonaseame «depos sad) 20s) git xg

CMBR a Pen nana a sitaaitus veitvy ainsi wie edioeties sha tenaadieanehd vepeeieesy (Goh ay tnes

» » caudal seta, ....... 39.5 5,

The number and dseaisteion ae aye neuichan: on Pie, cera joint of the

cheliceres, the broad abdomen, the form of the first lower abdominal seg-

ment, and the slightly longer limbs distinguish the present species from the

previous.

Explanation of plate XII.

Fig. 1. Thelyph. scabrinus, n. sp., p. 1380; la, right chelicer, enlarged twice the

nat. size; 1b, four anterior lower abdominal segments.

Fig. 2. Thelyph. Assamensis, Stol., p. 183, right chelicer, enlarged twice the

nat. size; 2a, four anterior lower abdominal segments.

Fig. 3. Thelyph. (conf.) angustus, Lucas, p. 1384; 8a, left chelicer enlarged three

times the nat. size; 3b, four anterior lower abdominal segments, enlarged twice the

nat. size,

Fig. 4, Thelyph. formosus, Butler, p.137; 4a, right chelicer, and 4, first four

lower abdominal segments, both enlarged twice the nat. size.

Fig. 5. Thelyph. indicus, un. sp., p. 188; 5a, right chelicer, in twice the nat. size ;

5b, four first lower abdominal segments.

Fig. 6. Thelyph. Beddomei, n. sp., p. 142; 6a, left chelicer, in twice the natural

size ; 6b, four first lower abdominal segments.

144. [No. 2, 7

Nove oN THE GENUS GymNops, W. Branr., (LACERTIDE),—

by, W. TT. Buanrorp, FG. 8., CU, Ma 2.8.

[Received 12th April, 1873.]

In the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal for 1870, Vol. xxxix,

Pt. II, p. 357, I proposed to distinguish a new and peculiar form of Ophiops

from Chhatisgarh by the subgeneric title of Gymnops. The species, to

which I applied the name of Ophiops (Gymnops) microlepis, differs from

the typical forms of Ophiops found in India and Western Asia in its more

elongate proportions, longer tail, single postnasal and minute dorsal scales.

Dr. Stoliczka has since obtained the same species in other parts of In-

dia and especially in Kachh (J. A. S. B. 1872, Vol. xli, Pt. II, p. 90 and

Proc. A. S. B. 1872, p. 74), and he has adopted the name Giymnops as a generic

term, founding the distinction from Ophiops mainly on the difference in the

character of the dorsal scales, which are much smaller and more granular

than in true Ophiops, although they are distinctly keeled and imbricate.

Quite recently Proc. A. S. B., July 1872, p. 126, Dr. Stoliczka has described

a second species Gymnops meizolepis from Kalabagh on the Indus. This

has somewhat larger scales than G. microlepis, but it possesses the same

elongate form, the tail from the anus being more than twice the length of

the body, and it again presents the peculiarity of a single postnasal instead

of two or three as in Ophiops.

But the name Gymnops, whether considered as generic or subgeneric,

cannot be retained for this type of naked-eyed lizards, as it has been twice

employed in ornithology, having first been applied by Spix to a South Ameri-

can genus of Raptores, for which, however, an earlier generic title viz., Dap-

trius existed, secondly by Cuvier to a Malayan genus of Sturnide, allied to

Eulabes. )

Under these circumstances I propose to change the name of the Indian

lacertian genus, above specified, to Chondrophiops in reference to its some-

what granular scales.

1873.] ’ 145

On AQUITA BIFASCIATA AND AQUILA ORIENTALIS,—

by W. E. Brooks, C. E., ASsENSOLE.

[Received 8th April, 1873. |

I have long had in my possession two specimens of Aguila orientalis,

Cab., one sent me by Dr. Bree and labelled by Mr. Gurney, and the other

from Mr. Dresser. ‘The latter is a Sarepta specimen from the Volga region,

and the former, from the Dobrudscha.

On returning the Dobrudscha example, which Dr. Bree had submitted

to Mr. Gurney, the latter sent the following memorandum.

. “The eagle which I have ticketed ‘ Aguila orientalis, Cab.,’ is identical

with that so often sent in collections from Sarepta near the mouth of the

Volga, and is in fact the only species of Eagle which I have seen from that

locality. JI have hitherto been in the habit of calling this eagle ‘ Aquila

clanga of Pallas, but as Pallas does not appear, by the description of his

Aquila clanga in the Zoog. Ross. As., Vol. I, p. 851, to distinguish between

this eagle and the smaller spotted eagle A. nevia, and as his measurements,

which are given in old French feet, inches, and lines, (for a scale of which

see Finsch and Hartlaub’s Vogel Ostafr.) agree better with A. nevia than

with the present species, it will perhaps be best to adopt for the present

_ species the name of Ag. orientalis, proposed by Cabanis in the Journal fiir

Orn. 1854, p. 369, (note), which though not very well chosen is the next in

order of priority and the earliest that can with certainty be applied to this

eagle exclusively. ‘The specimen now sent appears by its measurements to

_ be a female, and is in adult plumage ; the immature birds of this species being

| spotted in precisely the same manner as those of Aquila nevia which is

well shewn in Yarrell’s figure of the ‘Spotted Eagle.’ ”

I quote this memorandum by Mr. Gurney to shew upon what good

_ authority one of my specimens is named Aguila orientalis, and the other,

sent me by Mr. Dresser labelled A. clanga, Sarepta, closely resembles it.

Mr. Gurney’s statement, that the immature is spotted like Aquila

n@via, is, as far as I can see at present, a mistake ; for we have the bird in

India (A. bifasciata) and it never in any way resembles A. nevia.

I have, from the first, been struck by the great similarity of these two

specimens to our Indian dguwiia bifasciata, Gray and Hardwick ; but had

not till the other day obtained Indian specimens according in every respect,

to a feather, with the European examples of A. orientalis, above referred to.

Now I have, and the accordance is so beautifully perfect, that there is no

146 W. E. Brooks—On Aquila bifasciata. [No. 2,

alternative, but to come to the conclusion that A. orientalis is identical in

every respect with A. bifasciata.*

I have now, therefore, three European killed examples of A. bifasciata ;

the third being that sent me by Capt. Elwes, and referred to in “ Stray Fea-

thers,” Vol. I, p. 291. The two first are in nearly mature plumage, and the

third is quite mature ; and is the finest specimen of the bird I have seen.

The two sent as “ A. orientalis” have only slight indications of the

nuchal patch ; otherwise I should have recognized them at the first glance

as A. bifusciata, as was the case with Capt. Elwes’s Bosphorus bird. This

term has, I believe, priority over A. orientalis, Cabanis, and if so will be

retained for this eagle.

The application of Pallas’s term “A. clanga’” to the same species by

some European writers is, I believe, an error, if I read the original deserip-

tion correctly. It appears to refer to our Indian spotted eagle which we

accept as dq. nevia, and which I believe to be the true nevia. Klein,

whose work is dated 1750, is the author of the term Aquila clanga, and

Pallas quotes and adopts this synonym in preference to the older term |

Aquila nevia, Schwenckfield. This term Pallas also quotes under the head

of Aquila clanga, but as a synonym. Schwenckfield’s work is dated 1603.

In a letter received the other day from my friend Mr. Anderson, he

records the occurrence of a lineated A. Mogilnik at Aden, which was

stunned by flying against the telegraph wires there. }

I may as well mention here that the Indian Imperial Eagle, to which

I applied Hodgson’s term of A. crassipes, is identical with the East

European bird, A. Mogilnik, better known as A. imperialis, but the former

is the prior term.

I compared our bird with an adult Turkish specimen sent me by Dr.

Bree. Mr, Gurney also came to the same conclusion, after comparing the

adult Indian birds, I had sent home, with European examples.

The West European Imperial Eagle is, however, quite distinct and is

now known as A. Adalberti, Brehm. This is the species said to have no

lineated stage, and having, when adult, an excess of white on the scapulars

and ridge of wing.

* (Mr. V. Ball and I had the pleasure of comparing the two specimens of A.

orientalis, referred to by Mr. Brooks, with a series of Indian A. bifasciata. They un-

doubtedly appear to be perfectly identical, both in structure and coloration. If the

determination of those two specimens as A. orientalis is correct, (and upon such good

authority, as Mr. Gurney, it ought to be), there can be no doubt that the two species

must be considered as identical. F. Stoliczka. ]

a ee

1873.] W. E. Brooks —On Aguila bifasciata. 147

I sent a fine series of our Indian Aquila hastata to the Norwich Mu-

seum. Mr. Anderson also sent one example in mature plumage.

Besides these we sent others to ornithological friends. I hear from

Messrs. Gurney and Dresser, that the adult plumage of this species is not

to be distinguished from that of the small Pomeranian spotted Eagle which

they term the true Aquila nevia. :

They assert, however, that though the adults are alike, the immature

birds differ.

This is a point for further investigation, but the perfect accordance of

the adults leads me to expect the same in the immature birds. The con-

nection between the immature and the adult is the first point to be estab-

lished, and this can only be done by the field naturalist.

One of my ornithological friends informs me that the immature of A.

orientalis (which we have shewn is A. bifasciata), has spotted plumage like

that of A. nevia ;s another friend informs me he has received the immature

bird, and it “is strangely like 4. bifasciata!” Now the latter eagle is noé

spotted, and the “ doctors,” who are both men of repute, “ differ.”

These points will all be cleared up it is to be hoped before long; and

we shall perhaps have the natural history of the Eagles as clear and as cor-

rect as that of the common Rook, with little or nothing else to be learned.

At present the Eagles appear to be in a state of dire confusion, which the

English naturalists are daily making worse.*

* Since the foregoing was written, Capt G. F. L. Marshall, who is much

interested in this subject, came and examined the series used. He fully concurred in

the identification of A. orientalis with A, bifasciata, and was even more positive than

Iwas that the Danzic killed Aquila hastata was indeed that species. It will be

remembered, it was sent to me labelled “ A. nevia.” My English Ornithological friends

with whom I communicated are incredulous regarding my identifications, and I,

therefore, refer to my friend’s corroboration. If all fails to convince them I shall have

_ the series exhibited at a meeting of the Zool. Society.

PLOLPLADLDLDLL LLL LLL

ip ae stadiatete y 630 Prt ‘

ie it 7

Avy

ples eral 2 “\ 3, Of, mit Ha chy ¥ ha af a.

; ua be a iy coy . he

a ; t wid.ds is 4 wa i Bice

JOURNAL

OF THE

BotATIC SOCIETY,

—@—

Part II1.—PHYSICAL SCIENCE.

No. III.—1878.

A CoNTRIBUTION TOWARDS A Monoerapn or tHE Inpran Passaripa,—

by Dr. F. SrontozKa.

[Received 27th April, read 7th May, 1873.]

Some years ago, when I visited my veteran friend Dr. J. J. Kaup in

Darmstadt, I found him, quite unexpectedly, busily engaged with Passarr-

pm. He urged me most strongly to collect Indian specimens, which I did ;

but the collection progressed so very slowly,—in spite of the very numerous

applications which I made for assistance,—that Kaup’s Monograph of the

family appeared early in 1871* without my httle contribution in the way

of Indian materials. :

When I saw that the geographical distribution of the Passanmm is so

very peculiar and interesting for the study of our Indian fauna, I resolved to

continue my researches, and to publish as far as possible a revised Monograph

of all the Indian species, with such little additions to the anatomy and de-

velopment, as might be obtainable. Of these points I shall, however, not

speak on this occasion ; they will be fully treated in my Monograph, which

will be accompanied with all the necessary illustrations. I will merely men-

i tion that in India we meet with PassaLip# in those districts only which have

a Malayan fauna. No species is as yet known from the Himalayas west of

Nipal, or from any part of Central India or the Panjab. °

The object of the few following lines is chiefly to give a list of the In-

dian species with authenticated localities, together with diagnoses of the new

species which had lately come under my observation. I am sorry that I can.

not complete more fully the task which I undertook, but in the middle of pre-

* Berliner Enutomologische Zeitschrift, vol. xv.

150 F. Stoliczka—Monograph of Indian Passalide. [No. 3,

parations for anexpedition to Central Asia I am not allowed to domore, than to

shew those who assisted me that their materials had been duly appreciated.

My old friend Dr. C. Felder, the Lord-Mayor of Vienna, has sent me the whole

of his collection of Passatmm for examination, and Dr. L. Redtenbacher, the

Director of the Vienna Museum, sent me a great number of eastern spe-

cies. These are rare instances of liberality and true interest in the work. My

thanks are further due to Messrs. W. S. Atkinson and J. Wood-Mason,

Messrs. Peal (Assam) and Mandelli (Darjeeling), Major H. H. Godwin-

Austen, Major Beddome, Mr. Stahlknecht of Singapore, Mr. Theobald, Rev.

Baker, Dr. Cameron, the late Dr. Walter Abbey and the late Capt. Mitchell of

Madras. The original collection in our Museum contained only five of the

commonest species.

Tn recording the species I will follow Kaup’s last Monograph on the

subject. Whatever opinion various naturalists may have regarding the mode

of classification which that distinguished author has adopted, I do not

think that they will find much fault with the limitation and characteristics

of the genera* and species. Undoubtedly that Monograph is the most

complete and the most remarkable paper which the philosophical school of

naturalists has in late years produced. I am now not prepared to say any-

thing for or against it, but I will do so in my Monograph, when I hope to

have examimed a larger number of Passatipa, than I had been able to do

up to the present. Such mental productionst must not be disposed of with

prejudice, they are entitled to receive a fair trial and a full share of all opi-

nions pro and con, before we side one way or the other, Nobody will, after

careful perusal, deny the fact, that Kaup’s classificatory arrangement has in

many respects very considerable advantages ; it is easy and practical, but

time and research must shew whether it can be adopted or not. Whenever I

shall have any scruples against generic definitions, or against the quinquennial

divisions, I shall state my reasons without any reference to the validity of

the whole system.

Before proceeding to the details I have only to mention that I shall

include in the present list all the species known to occur in the East Indies,

viz., India proper (Vorder-Indien), with Eastern Bengal, Burma, and the

Malayan Peninsula as far south as Singapore (Hinter-Indien).

Sub-fam. AULACOCYCLINE.

1. Atvuacocycitus Parryl, Kaup. .

I received numerous specimens from Malacca.

* Even in the very limited sense in which the author defines them.

+ For a short exposition of the principles of the system, and a brief discussion

thereon, see Proc. of the Society for May, 1873.

ila iit

1873. ] F. Stoliczka—Monograph of Indian Passalide. 151

2. CrracuprEes AUSTENT, n. sp.

This species possesses all the characteristics of the genus, as given by

Kaup. Total length 22 m.m., width of head 4°8, of prothorax 6°6, of wings

at the shoulders 6°8, length of elytra 12°3 m.m. |

In general structure it is very like C. fronticornis, but the clypeus-horn

is obtusely rounded at the end, not emarginated, the upper concave edge is

punctated, longer and narrower than in that species. The processes on the

jaws are posteriorly flattened and rugosely striated, anteriorly convex and

smooth. The lateral scar of the prothorax forms a punctated S. Scutellum

smooth, waist at the sides densely punctated.

The furrows of the wings are coarsely punctated, without any percepti-

ble hair. The metasternum is convex, generally smooth, only along lateral

margins finely punctated. The median tibie have externally two spines, the

posterior ones only an indication of a small point.

Hab.—Naga hills, North Eastern districts of Bengal. Major H. H.

Godwin-Austen found a couple of specimens at an elevation of 6000 feet.

I have never received C. fronticornis from any of these districts. It

must come from the Chinese portion of eastern Tibet, for western Tibet has

no forests.

3. CoMACUPES CYLINDRACEUS, Perty.

Hab. Johore, at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula. One specimen

measures : total length 26-4 m.m., width of clypeus 5:5, (Kaup gives 7 m.m.)

width of prothorax 8, (Kaup gives 9), length of elytra 14°9 m.m., (Kaup

gives 254, which is clearly a mistake for 15°5 m.m.).

Kaup’s specimens from Malacca appear to have had a much broader

elypeus and prothorax, but the two Johore specimens which I examined

agree with the description of the species in every other detail.

4. ComacuPes Mason, n. sp.

Total length 30.5 m.m., width of clypeus 6:4, of pet iakes or

shoulders, 9:1, length of 2 a 16.75 m.m.

Resembles C. basalis, but is much more slender; upper lip with the

front surface sloping, but scarcely indented at the edge; densely hairy.

Clypeus densely punctated and shortly hairy, except in front of the horn,

which is large, compressed, strongly projecting in front and very slightly

elevated, with an obtuse end sharpened from below, its posterior end is almost

vertical without a free point, the upper ridge is obtusely rounded, except

for a short distance along the middle which is concave and rugose.

Prothorax with the lateral scar small, smooth, with a little dot in front of

it, as in O. cylindraceus, but in the present species the marginal furrow is

in front near the corner almost angularly bent in. The furrows on the

wings are slightly more coarsely punctated, than in the last species.

152 F. Stoliczka—Monograph of Indian Passalide. [No. 3,

Scutellum and the waist at the sides and the whole of the lower side densely

punctated and shortly hairy. Lower lip densely and coarsely punctated

and hairy, with barely an indication of a central carina. The last

four abdominal segments almost quite smooth. Middle and hind tibiz

each with a strong spine.

Hab.—Johore, obtained by Mr. J. Wood-Mason.

Kaup quotes C. cavicornis from Malacca and Penang. I have not

seen it, but there is a specimen of a Comacupes in Dr. Felder’s collection, |

evidently belonging to a new species.* Its locality is given as Bras., which

clearly means Brasilia, there is, however, no such form described from

America, the specimen came much more likely somewhere from the Philip-

pines.

5. TxNiocerus pramavs, Kp.

Malacca. I have as yet obtained only a single specimen.

6. TNIOCERUS BICANTHATUS, Guér.

Johore, north of Singapore.

7. 'THNIOCERUS BICUSPIS, Kp.

Sikkim, Assam and Cachar hills. Common. Kaup also gives Malacca.

Sub-fam. HRIOCNEMIN A.

First group. SOLENOCYCLER.

8. PLEURARIUS BRACHYPHYLLUS, n. sp.

Total length 43, width of clypeus 9°8, of prothorax 12°5, length of

elytra 14°2 ; total length varying from 41 to 44 m.m.

* Comacupes Feldert, nu. sp. Total length 22:5, width of clypeus 5, width of

prothorax 6°6, of shoulders 6°8, length of elytra 13°2 m.m. Upper lip in front

and laterally deeply concave, as in Aulac. teres. Jaws with the upper of the three

front teeth very small, Clypeus smooth, with a fine groove along the anterior

straight margin. Horn situated far behind, as in basalis, rising almost vertically,

slightly inclined forward, behind with a convex, smooth, simple and rounded edge;

anteriorly below the point it is first vertically truncated, then concave, falling with a

broad surface to the large forehead. Ocular ridge sharply angular in the middle,

terminating with a small sharp point in the anterior corner of the clypeus.

Prothorax with a median groove, deepest about the centre, and a punctated,

complete marginal furrow, only slightly bent in anteriorly; lateral scars small, sub-

semilunar, deep, finely punctated. Wings in the furrows.indistinetly punctated, not

hairy. Scutellum smooth, waist at the sides finely punctated, below entirely smooth

as is also the case with the metasternum and the abdominal segments. Tongue with a

central carina and with the lower halves of the sides somewhat concave and roundly

dilated. Lower lip smoothish in the middle, with a central impressed projection in

the front edge; its lateral branches densely punctated. Tuibie of the front feet very

broad, each with six denticles ; middle and hinder tibiz stout, each with a sharp spine.

“SP Se”

1873. | F. Stoliczka—Monograph of Indian Passalide. 153

Jaws bidentate at the end; upper lip truncated in front, covered with

red stiff hairs. Antenne long, with only three short terminal lobes. Clypeus

uneven, but not punctated ; the central horn is flatly convex, smooth, trans-

versely very elongately subtriangular, anteriorly witha small projection, end-—

ing in a small free point, from which diverge in a slight curve the frontal

ridges, terminating with distinct tubercles near the front edge. This frontal

edge has a sharp process above each of the two lateral margins of the upper

lip, the left appears to be occasionally a little larger than the right one,

recalling a similar structure in Basilianus. The two frontal tubercles are

connected by a low ridge and the margin between them is deeply concave.

Supraocular ridges with a sharp point above each eye, flattened in front,

and externally at each corner terminating with a small spine.

Prothorax moderately convex, with a distinct central groove, but not

extending anteriorly to the margin; marginal furrow narrow, finely

punctated ; lateral scar forming a shortly elongated and smooth impression.

Scutellum at base finely punctated and hairy, along each side of the

centre finely strigated. Waist laterally densely punctated, below smooth,

somewhat transversely rugose, but without any special scar.

Elytra with the shoulders somewhat swollen and projecting, smooth ;

all the furrows distinctly punctated.

Tongue long, with a median and two marginal ridges, strongly

contracted in the lower half. Lower lip with its branches entirely punctated

and hairy, slightly depressed in the middle.

Metasternum laterally densely punctated, but the posterior sloping

corners are smooth, which is also the case with all the abdominal segments.

Prothorax at the lateral lower sides, and the median femora, covered

with dense, long, rufous-brown hair; anterior femora, sides of metasternum

and hinder tibiz a little less hairy.

Hab.—Nilgheries and Malabar. I received originally two specimens

of this species from the Madras Museum, but since then several others

have been sent to me by Major Beddome and Rev. Baker.

Kaup describes a single species, P. pilipes, from Sumatra. The

generic characteristics have to be slightly altered, but in all essential points

the South Indian species agrees with Plewrarius.

9. SrmicycLvus REDTENBACHERT, n. sp.

Total length 25:4, width of clypeus 5:2, of prothorax 7°3, of shoulders

71, length of elytra 14°3 m.m.

Jaws rather short, each with three denticles; antenne moderately

elongated, the three terminal lappets well developed and equal ; upper lip

squarish. hairy, very slightly concave at the front edge,

Clypeus rugose, punctated on the forehead, front edge very slightly

emarginate in the centre, and with a small projection above the edges of the

154 F. Stoliczka—Monograph of Indian Passalida. [No. 3,

upper lip. The horn originates in a slightly convex smooth tubercle, and

extends freely and almost horizontally to near the front edge, its base is pos-

teriorly and at the sides surrounded by a slight furrow, and from the point

where the horn becomes free originates on either side a low, indistinct ridge,

which makes a curve anteriorly and terminates in a small tubercle some dis-

tance short of the marginal projections. Supraocular ridges undulating, each

with a sharp point above the eye and another at the anterior corner of

the clypeus.

Prothorax convex, with a central groove; marginal furrow incomplete,

punctated, terminating anteriorly, some distance from the central line, with

an elongately ovate scar. Lateral scar large, slightly impressed, composed

of a number of irregularly arranged, coarse pits ; a few dots exist near the

anterior corner.

Scutellum very finely punctated at the base; waist laterally densely

punctated, below nearly smooth.

Elytra rather depressed above, but comparatively high ; all the furrows

coarsely pitted ; each shoulder with a tuft of brown hair, which also extends

a little posteriorly along the margin.

Tongue with three ridges, minutely punctated, tridentate at the front

edge which is slightly narrower than the base. Lower lip transversely rather

elongated, smooth, convex, with a rounded scar at each end; the lateral

branches densely punctated. Metasternum on the posterior sloping corners

coarsely punctated. Abdominal segments with an oblique furrow on either

side, but in other respects nearly smooth.

Hab.—Ceylon. The only specimen examined is in the Vienna Museum ;

it was obtained by the late Mr. Zelebor during the Novara expedition.

The species almost perfectly agrees with the characteristic of the genus

as given by Kaup.

Second group. LEPTAULACED.

Out of the five genera distinguished by Kaup only one is represented

in India, namely Leptaulav. It seems to be a little too closely allied to

Ciceronius, and still more so to Didimus. From the last it is stated to differ

by the single denticle in the centre of the front edge of the clypeus, while

Didimus has two ; but I have in a few instances also observed two denticles

in both Lept. bicolor and dentatus. Of course we may say, what is in Didi-

mus the rule, is an exception in Leptaulax, still it looks rather a little

arbitrary to define genera in suchcases. However, as I have nota single one

of the species of Didimus, described by Kaup, for comparison, I do not

wish to propose any changes in the genera, as characterized by him. Looking

at Leptaulax in Kaup’s sense, it seems to me somewhat doubtful that the

number jive will suffice to include all the different forms which must

belong to the genus. The following details, taken with those of Kaup, may

speak for themselves.

1873. ] F. Stoliczka—Monograph of Indian Passalide. 155

10. Lepravnax pEenvatvus, Fabr.

, The typical small form was obtained from Sikkim, Btutén, Assém, Te-

nasserim (at Mergui) and from Johore. In the Vienna collections it is repre-

sented from nearly all the Philippine islands.

The larger form, or LZ. Timorensis, is also very abundant in Sikkim

(between 500 and 1000 feet), Batan, Assim, Naga hills, Pegu (near Ton-

ghu), and on the Andaman islands. It grows up to 37 m.m. I had very

large numbers of both forms for comparison, and came to the conclusion that

no definite characters exist by which the two species could be separated. I

have all intermediate sizes from 21 to 37 m.m.

11. LepravLax sicotor, Fabr.

Very common in Sikkim and through the whole of the Malayan Penin-

sula, as well as on the Andaman and Nicobar islands, in Malabar and in

Ceylon. Form the last locality-two specimens exist in the Vienna Museum

collection under the name of Wetneri, M. C.

A peculiar small variety, possessing cross bars in the lateral furrows of

the elytra, instead of simple dots, occurs at Johore.

12. Lepravriax pianvs, Illig.

This is, I think, a good species, the smallest of all our eastern Passatr-

Dm. It is very much more depressed, than either of the previous species,

and in proportions and relative size of the prothorax and of the elytra it

more closely resembles dentatus than bicolor, of which it is stated to

be a synonym. Specimens from Java, Johore, and Malacca, whence I

have lately obtained large numbers, measure between 13 and 14 m.m., but a

somewhat larger variety occurs in Burma and on the Andaman islands.

Specimens from these last localities measure 18 m.m., they are in almost

every other respect identical with typical planus.*

Of the third group, the ErtocNEMIN, no species as yet occurred within

our limits. I received Vellejus Moluccanus from Amboina, Hriocnemis

monticulosus from Sumatra, and gigantic specimens of EHrioc. tridens from

Java, but none from Siam or Malacca, which localities are also given by

Kaup. The last species will have, therefore, to be included in our list.

Fourth group. MaAcrorina.

13. Macroninus LAtTIPpENNIS, Perch.

Malacca ; apparently rare.

14. Macrorrsus Wesert, Kp.

Johore ; a single specimen from Mr. J. Wood Mason.

* In Dr. Felder’s collection I find a Malacca specimen named pawilus ?

156 EF. Stoliczka—Monograph of Indian Passalide. [No. 3,

Dr. Redtenbacher (Coleopteren, Reise Oest. Fregatte Novara, 1867,

p- 49) gives Mastachilus politus* from Madras. There is a specimen

of that species in the Vienna Museum collection, marked Jnd. or.,

and is most likely the one referred to by Redtenbacher. I very much

doubt, however, that itis Indian. It was probably received from the

Madras Museum, or from a collector, during the stay of the Novara

at Madras. My reason for doubting the correctness of the Indian

locality is based upon an observation which I made. I asked the Curator,

the late Capt. Mitchell, for the loan of any specimens of Passalz, he might

have in the Madras Museum. I was promptly responded to, and shortly

after received four specimens of Passali. Two proved to belong to a new

species Pleurarius brachyphyllus, and the two others were Solenocyclus

exaratus (known from Madagascar) and Mastachilus polyphyllus (from

Australia).¢ After detailed inquiry Capt. Mitchell informed me, that the

two first specimens (distinguished by numbers attached to them) were truly

Indian, from the Nilgherries, but that the localities of the two others were

unknown. ‘They had been received from some old European collection. It

seems to me very probable that something similar happened with the speci-

men of MZ. politus, obtained by the Novara at Madras.

Kaup describes Macrolinus Waterhousei and Hpisphenus Mooret from

Ceylon. I have not seen either of these.

Lifth group. ACERAIR.

Of the five genera, Laches, Gonates, Aceraius, Cetejus, and Basilianus,

only the third and fifth have as yet been found in India; they are common

and numerous, and the specific number of five will, I am sure, run short

for what is in this case really required for specific determination, unless the

genera are somewhat differently defined and grouped.

Of the other genera I have examined a few interesting species. Among

these is one which Kaup would probably call the first, moderately convex,

species of Laches, and the largest species of Cetejus ; both answer exactly the

characters of the respective genera. I add descriptions of the two new species

in a foot note.

* Originally described by Burmeister from Van Diemen’s Land.

+ The Vienna Museum possesses two specimens of polyphyllus from China.

{ Lacuzs GRaciuis,n. sp. Total length 26, width of head 5:5, of prothorax 7°5,

of shoulders 7°6, length of elytra 15 m.m. Whole body moderately convex.

Upper lip almost quite straight in front; left jaw barely longer than the right

one. The three first lobes of the antenne short, the fourth slightly shorter than the

fifth. Clypeus on its posterior half rugosely punctated; the short horn rises from the

anterior central edge of a transversely elongated, smooth protuberance ; from it proceed

under a narrow angle the frontal carinz, each terminating in an elongated smooth tu-

bercle, or rather short ridge, connected by a very fine carina. The marginal tubercles of

the clypeus are pointed, depressed, placed nearer to each other than the width of the

~ 1873.) F. Stoliczka—WMonograph of Indian Passalide. 157

A specimen of Gonates naviculator from the Moluccas, in Dr. Felder’s

collection, has the middle frontal carina very distinct, while two others of

upper lip, they are unequal, the left being slightly larger than the right one ; they are

not in any way connected with the frontal tubercles, but a smooth concave field pro-

ceeds from each of these to the respective ocular ridge. The latter is angular or subtu-

bercular above each eye, andanteriorly formed by a thin carina, terminating on the

angle of the clypeus with a little spine.

Prothorax somewhat broader posteriorly than anteriorly, with a very distinct

_ central groove ; marginal furrow very narrow, with a minute punctation ; lateral scars .

vertical, subovate, punctated ; a group of distinct dots also exists above each anterior

corner.

Seutellum smooth; waist laterally punctated. All the furrows of the elytra

coarsely punctated, without a trace of any kind of hair.

Tongue tricarinate, the middle carina the strongest ; laterally slightly concave.

Lower lip convex, smooth, with a transversely elongated, small, marginal, smooth

scutellum between it and the tongue; branches coarsely punctated. Waist, below,

with a small oblique, ovate scar on either side. Metasternum on the posterior part

Sparsely, on the sloping corners densely punctated. Abdominal rings each with a

linear, punctated scar on either side. Prothorax, below, as well as the middle and

hind tibiw, sparsely covered with yellowish rufescent hair.

Hab.—Batchian island; a single specimen in the Vienna Museum.

CETEJUS AUSTRALIENSIS, n. sp.

Total length 33, width of head 7, of prothorax 9:9, of shoulders 9°6, length of

elytra 19°2 m.m. Whole body rather depressed.

Left jaw slightly longer than the right one. Upper lip deeply emarginate, the

right half being slightly shorter and a little more rounded than the left one, as in

G. naviculator, Antenne with six lappets, the two first being very short, the third a

little shorter than the three terminal ones, which are subequal and rather slender.

Clypeus entirely rugose; the horn is elongated, with a triangular tubercle on each

of its basal halves. The frontal ridges issue from the horn under a moderately obtuse

angle, (as in Lept. dentatus), and terminate with distinct points, connected by a very

fine carina, from which the margin of the clypeus descends almost vertically. Both

marginal tubercles are pointed, similarly formed, but the left one is conspicuously

larger than the right. Hach frontal tubercle is connected by a short carina with its

corresponding marginal one, and besides also with its corresponding small tubercle in

the middle of the supra-ocular ridge, each of which is truncated in front.

Prothorax slightly broader posteriorly than anteriorly, with a fine but almost

complete central groove; sides entirely punctated, lateral scar small and rounded;

marginal furrow very narrow.

Scutellum smooth, with a central basal groove; waist laterally punctated. The

four central furrows of the elytra on the upper side indistinctly, the remainder

distinctly, punctated, those at the sides at least twice as broad as the ridges separating

them and with distinct transverse bacilli. This structure very strongly reminds

one of Basilianus cancrus, which is also the largest species of its genus.

Tongue tricarinate, laterally concave, Lower lip convex and smooth, with a small

elongately semi-elliptical scutellum between it and the tongue; a small but distinct

scar on each side of the lower lip, its branches rather larger, rounded at the ends and

somewhat inwardly curved, entirely but not very densely punctated, Prosternal

158 F. Stoliczka—Monograph of Indian Passalide. [No. 3,

the same species in the Vienna Museum collection from Amboina (marked

Doleschahi, M. C.) have merely a trace of the middle frontal carina, and

the prothorax is comparatively smaller.

Gonates Germarii was received by Mr. W. S. Atkinson from Java.

Kaup describes Laches Comptonii from Ceylon. I have not seen it.

15. AcERAIUS GRANDIS, Burm.

This is a very common species in Sikkim, Assam, the Naga and Cachar

hills. Indian specimens exactly agree in structure with the large Javanese

type form, but their usual size is only 40 m.m., and I never saw one

exceeding 45 m.m. In Javanese specimens generally only the ninth and

tenth rib of each wing are punctated and hairy near the shoulder, while

Indian specimens have, as a rule, the whole of the seventh and ninth rib

punctated ; it is very rarely that the pits entirely disappear on the seventh.

16. AcERAIUS EMARGINATUS, Fabr.

An extremely variable species, both in general size, as well as in the

shape of the two marginal processes of the clypeus ; the left one being some-

times sharply pointed at the end, or scarcely bipartite, as in Percheron’s

pilifer. The seventh and ninth ribs of the elytra are asa rule entirely

punctated, very rarely is the seventh smooth. The smaller forms, between

30 and 38 m.m., are, I think, mostly males, they have the furrows of the

wings perceptibly punctated ; the larger specimens, about and above 40 m.m.,

appear to be mostly females, the furrows of their elytra are almost devoid

of punctations.

The species occurs in Sikkim, Assam, Cachar, but is much rarer than

A. grandis. YT also obtained it on Penang hill, and from Johore; in the

Vienna collections are specimens from China, Luzon, and Manilla.

Redtenbacher’s Passalus Nicobaricus from Sambelong (Great Nicobar)

is also undoubtedly this species, and neither a Macrolinus nor a Basilianus.

The next genus, Basilianus, is the most numerous in species. I possess

specimens of the four species described by Kaup, and three others which I must

regard as new. This is as yet almost the only instance in which I have been

obliged to transgress Kaup’s limit of five species. I took considerable pains

to ascertain whether these species could possibly belong to any of the other

genera of Hriocnemine, but they do not answer to the characteristic of any

process between the anterior coxee grooved. Waist, below, smooth, with an elongated

scar on either side. Metasternum smooth; on the sloping corners rugosely punctated.

Sides of abdominal segments and the posterior part of the last segment mostly finely

punctated. No hairs are seen on the elytra; the middle tibiz are moderately hairy,

the hind ones somewhat less so.

Habitat—Australia; a single specimen in Dr. C. Felder’s collection,

el eo

a se

1873.] F. Stoliezka—Monograph of Indian Passalide. 159

other genus than Basilianus. They differ from Aceraius by the absence of

hair at the sides of the elytra, and from the other genera of the Aceraieé in

the shape of the lower lip and the want of a scutellum between it and the

tongue ; the same character holds good in a comparison with J/astachilus,

and the unequal lappets on each of the antenne readily separate them from

the other Macroline. The seven species may, however, be divided into two

sections, as follows :

a. With the marginal processes of the clypeus very asymetrical,—

Nilgheriensis, inequalis, Cantoris, Indicus.

b. With the marginal processes of the clypeus very slightly or

scarcely asymetrical,—cancrus, Andamanensis, Sikkimensis.

17. Basrrranus NILGHERIENSIS, Guér.

The usual size of Malabar specimens is only 28 m.m.; it does not

appear to be a common species.

18. BastLianus INmQUALIS, Burm.

Common at Malacca. Kaup gives it from Singapore and Penang.

The largest specimen which I have examined is nearly 30 m.m., and the

smallest 24°7 m.m., the length of the elytra being 138°7, width of head 5:5,

of prothorax 6°9, the proportionate size of this last being often remarkably

small.

19. Basrz1anus Canroris, Hope.

The usual size of Sikkim and Assam specimens is 38 to 35 m.m. Kaup

gives it also from Malacca and Cambodja.

20. BAsSILIANUS INDICUS, n. sp.

Total length from 33 to 40 m.m., one specimen is 37°6, width of its head

9, of prothorax posteriorly 12, of shoulders 11'5, length of elytra 21°5 m.m.

Left jaw slightly straighter and longer than the right one. Upper lip

widely and rather deeply emarginate in front. Antenne, with the three

terminal lappets longest and subequal, the second and third about half the

length of the fourth, and the first is very short, sometimes scarcely traceable.

Clypeus rather large, mostly smooth, or sparsely punctated, with the supra-

ocular ridges anteriorly truncated with an inward slope, the inner edge of the

slope being sometimes very indistinct, while the outer one is sharp, and

projects at the corners, somewhat as in Aceraius grandis. The horn. rises

out of a transverse long tubercle, it is subpyramidal, the posterior slope

being gradual, the anterior vertical; the frontal carine are very fine,

forming together a wide semicircle, each terminating in a blunt tubercle,

and from each proceeds a very fine carina to the respective marginal process

of the clypeus ; the left process is the longer, depressed, inwardly bent,

obtuse at the end; the right one is thick, short, obtusely pointed.

160 F. Stoliczka—Monograph of Indian Passalide. [No. 3,

The prothorax is moderately convex, as in Cantoris ; it is conspicuously

wider posteriorly than anteriorly, with a central groove which is almost as

complete, as it is usually to be found in American forms and in these only ;

marginal furrow anteriorly somewhat widened, bent in and punctated;

lateral scar small, rounded, generally with a few pits; the sides of the

prothorax are either quite smooth (in the larger specimens), or punctated

in front of the scar and at the anterior corner (in the smaller specimens).

Whether this is a distinction of sex I cannot say.

Scutellum centrally very minutely strigated ; waist laterally densely

punctated. Shoulders slightly thickened, only anteriorly with few very -

short and thin hairs. Furrows of the elytra, above, slightly, laterally

distinctly punctated ; without hair.

Tongue tricarmate. Lower lip in the middle somewhat convex, mostly

smooth or punctated, anteriorly sometimes slightly indented ; its branches

densely punctated. no scars exist onit. Waist, below, smooth, with elongated

diverging, dull scars. Metasternum smooth, its posterior sloping corners

rugosely punctated, its sides entirely hairy. Abdominal segments laterally

with linear scars.

Prothorax posteriorly, below, covered with brown hair ; middle tibize very

densely, posterior ones less hairy. ;

Hab.—Nilgheries and Malabar. I received several specimens from

Major Beddome, Rev. Baker, and Surgeon Major F. Day.

21. Basrmranus cAncrvs, Perch.

The largest specimen in my collection is 45 mm. It has as yet only

been obtained in Nipal, Sikkim, Batan, and Assam.

22. Basrt~ranus ANDAMANENSIS, n. sp.

Total length 32 to 38 m.m. ; one measures 35°6, width of its head 8, of

prothorax 10, of shoulders 10:2, length of elytra 21 m.m.

Jaws almost equal. Upper lip straight in front or obliquely truncated,

the left rounded corner being often a little more projecting. Lappets of the

antenne generally graduated, the first very short, the succeeding to the

fifth gradually longer. Clypeus entirely punctated and covered with short

hair; supra-ocular ridges low, distinctly truncated in front and with the

carina round the concave space well developed. The horn consists of an

elongated ridge, with a small tubercle on either side; it is slightly elevated

at the anterior end and with an almost vertical slope. The frontal carine are

rather short, terminating with elongated distinct points, connected by

another carina, from which the margin of the clypeus is almost vertical.

The marginal processes of the clypeus are far distant, situated above the edges

of the upper lip ; they are short, pointed, in some specimens apparently almost

equal, in others the left one is distinctly larger. They exactly resemble those

187 3.| F. Stoliczka—Monograph of Indian Passalide. 161

of cancrus, and each also has on its lower side a small tubercle. From both

the marginal processes and the frontal tubercles generally proceed a few

irregular low ridges to the middle of each supra-ocular ridge.

Prothorax moderately convex, smooth, generally with a very faint

indication of a central groove; lateral scar rounded and, like the entire

lateral margins, very finely punctated; sometimes there are one or two

dots at the anterior corner.

Scutellum smooth, convex, sometimes with a minute punctation along

the lateral edges. Shoulders well prominent, and each with a group of

short brown hair, considerably more developed than in Cantoris. Furrows

of the elytra finely punctated ; all the ridges smooth. |

Tongue tricarinate. Lower lip large, mostly smooth, without any

scars; its branches densely punctated. Prosternal carina sharp, long.

Waist with elongated diverging scars, sometimes with a short, central,

basal groove. Metasternum smooth, its hinder corners sparsely and very

finely punctated ; sides densely punctated and hairy. Abdominal segments

smooth, with linear oblique scars. Middle and hind tibie rather thinly

hairy ; lower sides of prothorax more distinctly so ; last abdominal segment

at the end provided with conspicuously elongated brown hair.

Hab.—Andamans near Port Blair; Camorta and Katchal islands of

the Nicobar group; common. I found one specimen in the Vienna collection,

together with Mastachilus politus, labelled ‘ Madras,’ ‘ Novara.’ It was

most likely obtained from some officer who had been at the Andamans, or

from the Museum.

23. BasttIanus SIKKIMENSIS, n. sp.

Total length 33, width of head 7:1, of prothorax or of shoulders 10,

length of elytra 19 m.m.

This species resembles B. Cantoris in size and general character of

form and convexity of the body. The jaws are subequal; the upper

lip obliquely truncated, almost quite straight, with obtuse corners. The

three first lappets of the antennze much shorter than the three terminal

ones, the two sets being among themselves almost equal. Clypeus entirely

punctated and very similar to that of B. Andamanensis, but the horn is a

little shorter, the frontal carinze include a slightly smaller semilunar spaee,

and the frontal processes of the clypeus are almost shorter, both pointed,

nearly quite equal in size, and each is on the outer side accompanied by a

short longitudinal carina, which, however, does not extend to the supra-ocular

ridge.

Prothorax moderately convex, with a very faint trace of a median

groove ; lateral scar rather large, pitted all round, the dots or pits being

almost continuous to the anterior corner and here again rather dense ;

along the lateral margins densely and very finely punctated.

162 F. Stoliczka—Andamaese and Nicobarese Reptiles. [No. 3,

Scutellum smooth. Shoulders moderately developed, on the anterior

slope finely punctated and shortly hairy. Furrows of the elytra above

distinctly punctated, laterally broader and with transverse bacilli, the

seventh and eighth furrow are broadest.

Tongue rather narrow, punctated, thinly tricarinate, laterally concave.

Lower lip convex, with sparse punctation, its branches densely punctated.

Waist, below, with diverging elongated, dull scars. Metasternum smooth,

its hinder corners coarsely punctated, and the narrow sloping sides along the

elytrz very finely punctated and hairy.

Abdominal segments with elongated, finely punctated lateral scars,

broadest on the first few segments, linear on the penultimate and obsolete

on the last. Lower side of prothorax the middle and hind tibiz with short

and rather thinly distributed hairs.

Hab.—Sikkim. I obtained a single specimen at about 1500 feet,

some two miles east of Pankabari.

The species is intermediate between cancrus and Andamanensis ; with

the latter it agrees in the shape and structure of the head, with the former in

the transverse costulation of the lateral furrows of the elytra, but in cancrus —

this costulation is still stronger.

~-—~20—7_7"__—_ 0 0 O20 0200 SS IEEE LLP

Note ON sOME ANDAMANESE AND NICOBARESE REPTILES, WITH THE DE-

SCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF LIZARDS,—ly Dr. F. SroriczKa.

[Received and read 7th May, 1873. ]

I have given a list of the Reptiles and Amphibians, known from these

islands, in a former paper,—Journal A.S. B., Vol. xxxix, pt. II, 1870, pp.

136-188 etc.; having, however, lately had an opportunity of visiting all the

Nicobar islands (excluding Little Nicobar and Pulo Milu), and the Andamans,

including the Cocos and Preparis, I am in a position to add a little infor-

mation about, some of the species. Our visit* was chiefly from an ornitho-

logical point of view, and as it fell already in the hot season (March), the time

was very unfavorable for collecting reptiles, at least on the northern group

of islands, which at this season are much drier than the southern Nicobars.

We found the following species generally distributed over nearly all the

islands which we visited:—Tropidonotus quincunctiatus, Lycodon aulicus,

Dendrophis pictus,t Cerberus rhynchops and Trimeresurus Cantoris. Spe-

* In company with Mr. A. O. Hume, C. B., Messrs. Ball and Wood-Mason.

+ In the July number of the Berlin Monatsbericht (for 1872, p. 583), just received,

I observe that Dr. Peters describes a Dendrophis terrificus, with 13 rows of scales; it is

very closely allied to Dendrophis caudolineatus, (compare ante p, 128), but differs in

coloration.

ee ———

1873.) F. Stoliczka—Andamanese and Nicobarese Reptiles. 163

cimens of D. pictus from the Nicobars generally are as soberly coloured as

the continental form, while those from the Andamans are very much bright-

er, but the typical form again occurs on the Cocos.* The rare Trimeresurus

porphyraceus was found to be common on the Preparis island ; it grows to

nearly four feet. Of lizards the most common were Huprepes carinatus,

Hinulia maculata, Cyrtodactylus rubidus, Tiaris suberistata and Hydrosaurus

salvator. Of Batrachians Bufo melanostictus is very common.

Euprepes macrotis, described by Steindachner, was observed in Galthea

‘Bay on Great Nicobar (Sambelong).

The large Andaman form of Huprepes carinatus} is not specifically dis-

tinct from the common type. I met with similarly large specimens (up to

20 inches) on the Coco islands. Most of those which I obtained there have

thirty rows of scales round the body, and each scale has seven keels, the

three median ones being strong and distant from each other, the two laterals

on either side short, thin and sometimes scarcely traceable. Some speci-

nens have the anterior frontal in contact with the rostral as well as with

the vertical, a short process of the anterior frontal separating the two pos-

terior. The specimens were apparently in breeding dress. ‘The whole sides

of the head, neck and belly were vermilion or bright cinnabar red, the anterior

extremities and the back were also strongly tinged with red. The entire sides

of the body and of the tail and the extremities had numerous large, irregu-

lar white and black spots intermixed, giving the lizard quite a different

appearance from the ordinary type. The white spots were most numerous

along the edges of the back, but there is no marked white band present.

PHELSUMA ANDAMANENSE, Blyth.

Comp. Stoliczkain J. A. S. B., 1870, Vol. xxxix, pt. II, p. 162, and Anderson in

P. Z. S. Lond. for 1871, p. 160.

The following is a complete description of this remarkable lizard.

Body rather stout, moderately depressed, tail tapering, narrow at the

base, with transverse contractions at distances. Snout almost conically

elongated, rostral broader than high, just reaching the upper surface of the

head ; nostrils lateral, in the hinder edge of an enlarged, somewhat swollen

shield, followed by a slightly smaller one ; on the upper side the two nasals

are separated by two (rarely by three) shields. Head, body and limbs,

above and at the sides, covered with equal granular scales, or rather shields,

* Tt is perhaps due to their more isolated situation that the Cocos and neighbour-

ing islands, (Preparis, Narkondam, Barren island), have several Nicobar forms which

on the Andamans are apparently wanting. We found Carpophaga bicolor common,

Calenas Nicobaricus is said to have occurred on the Cocos, and Megapodius is found on

Table island Among shells I got numerous Helicine, exactly like H. Dunkeri, Bulimus

Nicobaricus, var., Cyclophorus, like C, nicobaricus, Se.

+ J. A. 8. B., vol. xxxix, Pt. II., p. 170.

164 F. Stoliczka—<Andamanese and Nicobarese Reptiles. [No. 3,

becoming on the tail more depressed, scale-like, and intermixed with a few

larger ones. Kye of moderate size, with an almost round pupil; it is sur-

rounded with small granules. Har-opening ovately rounded, equal to about

one third of the longer diameter of the eye. Eight to ten low upper labials.

Lower rostral large, somewhat produced and contracted behind. Nine to

ten lower labials, the first two are largest, not in contact, the succeeding

gradually decrease in size. None of the chinshields are particularly enlarg-

ed, and they vary in arrangement in different specimens. The scales of the

belly are roundly hexagonal, across the middle in twenty-one to twenty-

three longitudinal, alternating series.

The adult male has thirty-one femoral pores, in an uninterrupted series,

angularly ascending in the centre. The female has a similar row of

enlarged but not perforated shields. Przeanal shields not enlarged. A small

_ slit exists on either side in the postanal margin. On the tail the sub-

caudals become a short distance from the anus enlarged, single, only occasion-

ally broken up into smaller shields. The inner toes on both the fore- and

hind-limbs are very short, almost rudimentary ; the fourth toe is longest,

and all have their front edges rounded.

The general colour in males is grass- or bluish-green, subject to very

great changes during the life of the lizard; head and neck with yellowish

orange spots and stripes, among which one from behind the eye, one or two

across the occiput, and one along the middle of the neck are most conspicu-

ous. The anterior part of the body is on the upper side marked with small,

oval, orange spots, on the posterior part these spots are somewhat larger,

encircled with yellow, and sometimes partly confluent. All these orange spots

often assume during life a strong reddish tint. Tail generally uniform bluish

green. The lower side is uniform yellow or yellowish white.

The females are more soberly coloured, particularly when not full grown,

in which case the orange spots are much less distinct, and sometimes almost

obsolete.

The lower sides of the toes, especially towards their terminations, are

silvery grey.

The usual size of full grown males is five inches, head and body being

two ; specimens of six inches are great rarities. ‘The females are generally

somewhat smaller than the males. i

The species is not uncommon about Port Blair. I found a few on old

trunks of trees (between epiphytes) on Mt. Harriet. They generally hide

themselves under the bark of trees, but also often feed on the ground.

Mr. Wood-Mason about a year ago brought a large number of specimens

from the vicinity of Port Blair. I have not seen specimens from any of the

other islands.

1873.] ¥. Stoliczka—-Andamanese and Nicobarese Reptiles. 165

GYMNODACTYLUS WICKSII, n. sp.

A small species, resembling in general character some of those de-

scribed by Jerdon and Beddome from South India. The body is moderately

slender and depressed, covered with very small, keeled tubercles which have

the appearance of pointed granules ; on the back there are numerous larger,

but similarly formed, tubercles interspersed, and on the side of the belly

these larger tubercles become distinctly spinulose ; tail verticillate, with

similar spinules, exactly as in Hemidactylus frenatus. On the snout the

’ sharp granules are, as usually, somewhat larger than on the top of the head,

but none are enlarged above the labials. The rostral reaches to the upper

side of the snout, and is followed by two small shields, separated by a still

smaller pentagonal azygos, the upper angle of which fits into a pesterior emar-

gination of the rostral. The nostril is lateral and directed somewhat back-

wards, it lies immediately behind the rostral, and is followed by two slight-

ly enlarged and diverging shields, the anterior angles of which nearly touch

the rostral, thus almost entirely isolating the nasal opening from the first

labial and the shield behind the rostral. No particularly enlarged scales

round the eye. Seven upper and lower labials, the first are in each case the

longest, the succeeding gradually decrease in size, the last are very small ;

all are very low. Ear opening forms an oval, oblique slit, its distance from the

eye is slightly less than that from the eye to the end of snout. Lower

rostral large, obtusely pointed behind, followed on each side by a slightly

enlarged shield, separated by smaller ones ; there are no particularly enlarg-

ed chin-shields. The scales on the throat and anterior. breast are finely

keeled ; those on the belly hexagonal and across the middle in about

nineteen longitudinal series. Pree-or post-anals not enlarged. Sub-caudals

along the middle line very little larger than the other shields covering the

lower side. Reproduced portions of the tail are uniformly scaly, without

enlarged tubercles.

The male has four pre-anai pores, situated between the femora in a shallow

transverse depression, and quite separate from these are four or five femoral

pores placed at the hinder lower edge of the femur, somewhat nearer to the hip

than to the knee. ‘Toes long and slender ; basal portion with three or four

transverse, squarish plates, the last the largest; terminal phalanges very

much narrower.

Colour.. Above, powdered brownish grey and white, a series of

whitish, almost continuous spots along the middle of the back, extending

on to the tail. There are six or seven of these spots from the nape to the

base of the tail, and each of them is edged anteriorly and laterally with

black, sometimes the lateral black edges develope into elongated spots and are

most distinct. On the tail the white spots are less distinctly developed, but

the transverse black margins well marked. ‘The sides of the body, of the tail

166 F, Stoliczka—Andamanese and Nicobarese Reptiles. [No. 3,

and the upper side of the limbs is thinly checkered with black ; the enlarged

spinules and tubercles are all pure white. There is a dark streak between

the snout and the eye, posteriorly there are three dark lines, one going to the

occiput, the second to the ear, the third to the angle of the mouth; and

generally there are one or two more below the eye, giving the side of the

head quite an ornamental appearance. Labials spotted with white. Chin

and throat powdered with brownish dusky, remainder of lower side uniform

pale, more or less distinctly tinged with fleshy ; in males more markedly so

than in females. In the very young lizard (about one inch long) the lateral

black spots along the back, and the median black line behind the eye are

most distinctly marked, in other respects it does not differ from the adult.

Hab.—Preparis Island. I obtained five specimens, two apparently

adult males and two females, and one young ; all were found on the ground

between old decaying vegetable matter. One of the largest specimens with

perfect tail, measures: head and body 1°18, tail 1°37 = 2°5 inches. The

length of the hind limb equals the distance from the shoulder to the groin.

I have great pleasure in connecting with this very interesting new

species the name of the able Commander of the “ Scotia,’ Capt. G. W.

Wicks, who piloted us most skilfully through the labyrinth of small and

large islands.

Mocoa MACROTYMPANUM, N. sp.

Body moderately slender, head flattened above, muzzle rather attenuated

and prolonged. Anterior frontal in contact with the rostral, separating the

two elongated nasals, and posteriorly just touching the vertical, which is

rather shortly, obtusely angular in front, and gradually attenuated behind.

Four enlarged supraciliaries, preceded and followed by a smaller shield. The

two anterior occipitals (? accidentally) united, the median one roundly

angular in front, attenuated and contracted behind, the two laterals narrow,

in contact with each other behind the median shield. Four pairs of scales

behind the occipitals enlarged, occupying the whole width of the neck.

Seven upper labials, the fifth under the orbit, six narrow lower labials.

First chin-shield single, the second is a pair in contact, third separated by a

small shield, fourth pair somewhat smaller. Lower eyelid with a trans-

parent disk. Har opening very large, rounded, with a perfectly smooth edge

all round, the tympanum being distinctly visible. Body in the middle

surrounded by twenty-two longitudinal series of smooth scales, six series

being on the back; they are slightly larger than those at the sides. About

fifty-two scales along the edge of the lower side, counted between the fore

and hind limbs. A pair of moderately enlarged pre-anal shields. Median

row of sub-caudals slightly enlarged. Limbs proportionately developed,

with the toes very slender.

a“.

> Sea ee

1873.] F. Stoliczka—Andamanese and Nicobarese Reptiles. 167

Head above brown, paler on the muzzle; three longitudinal white ~

bands along the body,—one along the middle, originating between the eyes,

and two along the sides, beginning on the supraciliary edges ;—they are

separated, above, by two somewhat broader brown bands, each being lighter

coloured along the centre, and bounded at the sides by a similar brown band

which is, however, darkest along the centre. The median dorsal white band

becomes obsolete at the root of the tail, the two lateral ones continue on it,

and unite when approaching the tip. Labials and sides of head brownish,

_ spotted with white. Lower portion of the sides and the entire lower surface

livid carneous, most distinctly so, and tinged with bright orange, on the lower

belly and on the taily which is also on the upper side carneous, with a few

white dots at the side of the base, and irregularly marked with pale brown

on the lower surface. Limbs, above, with very close longitudinal brown lines,

toes all distinctly powdered with pure white.

Total length four inches, the head and body being 1°8, the length of

the fore limb is equal to the distance between the shoulder and the angle

of the mouth, or one-third of the distance between the axil and the groin ;

the length of the hind limb is one-half of the same distance.

Hab.—South Andaman. The single specimen was obtained on a sandy

beach in Macpherson’s Straits.

Traris HUME, n. sp.

A larger species than 7. swbcristata, and -like this one with the crest

interrupted above the shoulders, but the crest itself is very much more’ deve-

loped. The nuchal part is considerably higher than the dorsal one, on its

convex edge it is composed of 13-15 lobes; the dorsal portion continues on

to the tail, disappearing after about one-fourth of its length. None of the

scales are at the lateral bases of the crest particularly enlarged. All scales

on the body are distinctly and sharply keeled.

Head shelving and concave above; snout with a few enlarged scales

along the centre ; supraciliary edge sharp, its posterior end is separated by

a short groove from a small tubercle following it. Two groups of enlarged

conical scales on the upper side of the occiput; several (8-4) enlarged

scales on the side of the head above the tympanum which is hardened near

the centre, and about as large as the eye. Below the tympanum no scales

are enlarged. Hight or nine upper labials and seven or eight lower labials ;

the scales adjoining the former are enlarged, and there is also a conspi-

cuous row of slightly enlarged scales below the eye. A row of enlarged scales

is separated from the lower labials by one of small scales. Scales on the side

of the neck and body very small, arranged in somewhat irregular transverse

series, with scattered larger ones intermixed; on the tail they gradually

increase in size, but within a short distance of its base still have some

168 F. Stoliczka—Andamanese and Nicobarese Reptiles. [No. 3,

larger ones intermixed. On the limbs the scales are much larger, two or

three on the upper side of the femora particularly so. Gular pouch and

fold covered with small scales, which become larger on the lower belly than

on its sides. The two rows of sub-caudals are slightly larger and more

pointed than the shields on the upper side of the tail.

General coloration greenish olive, on the top of the head brownish ; sides

of the entire body more or less distinctly and rather densely reticulated and

spotted with black and yellow ; sides of head and neck and the gular sae

tinged with purplish blue, labials spotted with blue. Chin mostly yellow;

belly whitish, without spots. Tail brownish above, paler below, irregularly

and indistinctly spotted with dusky.

Total length of one specimen 16 inches, of which head and body are

44 and the tail 11'6 inch. The fore limb when laid. backwards extends

beyond the groin, or almost to the przanal edge, and the hind limb when

laid forwards fully reaches the anterior edge of the eye.

The above noticed characters readily separate the Nicobar species from

T. dilophus, or T. tuberculatus, lately (P. Z. S. 1872, p. 583, pl. xxxviii)

described by Dr. Giinther from the East Indian Archipelago.

I obtained only two specimens (male and female) on the Nicobar

island Tillingchang, but the species did not seem to be rare.

Drsamus Nicopartices, (Fitz.).

Rhinophidion nicoburicum, Fitz., Steindachner, Novara Rept. p. 52 and Typhloscin-

cus nicobaricus, ibidem, p. 94.

I have two specimens for examination, one a male* and the other a

female (known from dissection).

The male is six inches of which the tail is 0°9 inch; there are 24

longitudinal rows of scales round the body, and 4:8 transverse rows along the

tail. The two extremities are on either side somewhat in front of the anus,

towards which they converge; they are depressed, each lying in an oblique

cavity, the intermediate space of the sacral region being flat, triangular and

pointed above the anus. Hach extremity is fully as long as the whole head,+

it is covered on the upper side by three longitudinal rows of scales, narrowing

towards the end which is occupied by a large, flat, nail-like scale.

The body of the female is somewhat stouter ; 1t measures 5°5 inches, of

which the tail is only 0°5 inch. The body is again surrounded by 24

longitudinal and the tail by 34 transverse rows of scales. On each side in

front of the anus is an enlarged scale, separated by three small scales from the

anal edge, and just in the place where the extremity in the male originates ;

* This is in the Indian Museum andI am indebted to Dr. Anderson for the oppor-

tunity of examining it.

+ In D. Nove-Guinee the extremity is only as long as the head is broad,

Te ee ee el

187 3.] F. Stoliczka—Two-new species of Indian Landshells. 169

this large scale covers a small opening, in which internally a rather —

strong muscle terminates ; the muscle is most probably emissible and retrac-

tile at the will of the animal.

All other characters are common to both sexes. The upper labial is

separated from the rostral by a distinct groove. The shields are dark brown,

almost blackish, with paler edges; paler below. ‘The shields on the head’

are yellowish,and there are occasionally yellowish spots on the chin and

throat, or on the lower side of the tail.

As compared with Zyphloscineus Martensii, Peters, the snout of the

Nicobar species is narrower, the head posteriorly broader, the eyes, although

covered by skin, distinctly traceable, all points to which Steindachner

drew attention when comparing the two, but the shields of the head, the

number of scales round the body and on the tail are in both species quite

the same. Thereis in 2. Martens also an enlarged scale above the anal

edge, but it is nearer to it than in the Nicobar species. Still, if it were not

for Peters’ distinct statement, that out of three specimens of Z. Martensii

two are males, and one a female, both without any trace of extremities,

I should have considered the specific distinction of the D. Nicobaricus

from ZY. Martensiti somewhat doubtful. The coincidence is certainly re-

markable.

Dibamus was characterized by Dumeril and Bibron (Erpet. gen. v.

p-. 833) from two New-Guinean specimens, sent to them by Prof. Schlegel.

Both specimens were apparently males, but Schlegel* says that these only

possess a pair of posterior extremities, the females having none. And this

is strictly in accordance with the observation made on the two Nicobar

specimens.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF INDIAN LANDSHELLS,

by Dr. F. SroriczKa.

[Received 7th May, 1873. ]

The following descriptions have been drawn up with the view of

: supplementing the figures of them which are to be given by Mr. Theobald in

the ‘ Conchologia Indica.’ The first species is from the Shan-states, and was

collected, several years ago, by Mr. Fedden; and the second was given to

me by Mr. Foote who obtained it in the cotton soil district near Bolgaom,

when on his geological tour.

* Comp. Berlin Akad. Monatsberichte for 1864, p. 271.

170 F. Stoliczka—Zwo new species of Indian Landshells. [No. 3,

PLECTOPYLIS SHANENSIS, n. sp.

Pl. testa planorbulari, pallide fusca, apice minutissime exserto, pallido ;

anfractibus 63, angustis, sutura indistincte marginata junctis, primis 24 ad

tribus minute rugulosis, ceteris transversim oblique striatis atque concentrice

obsolete striolatis, ultimo ad peripkeriam subrotundato, infra paululum

‘angustiore, ad aperturam modice deflexo ; wmbilico spatioso, anfractus omnes

sutura distincte marginaté separatos exhibente ; apertura angulum cireiter

55° attinentem cum axi formante, peristomate undique expansiusculo atque

inerassato, margaritaceo lutescente, cirewmdata, ad utramque terminationem

labit subangulati profunde imeisa; labio plicis tribus distinetis instructo,

plica mediana crassissuma, ea atque nfera multo tenuiore usque ad peristoma

extensis, tertia mterposita a margime remote evanescente, sed usque ad

laminam internam verticalem, circiter tertiam partem unius circuitus a

margine aperturali distantem, extensa ; ultimo anfractu intus supra laminam

verticalem antice plicis sex erassiusculis, postice plicis decem brevioribus

atque tenwioribus instructo.

Diam. maj. 21:5, min. 17, alt. 65; diam. aut alt. aperture 75 mm.

Dimensiones specuminis secundi minoris sunt: 18°5, 15, 5:8, 66 m.m.

Hab.—Provinciam Burmanam ‘ Shan-states’ dictam.

This Plectopylis is readily distinguished from its allies by the presence

of three labial plicze, the strongest being in the middle and extending, like

the lower thin one, to the edge of the lip, while the intermediate one disap-

pears before it reaches the aperture, but it is the only one which extends

to the internal.almost vertical lamina. This last is superseded anteriorly

by six stronger and posteriorly by ten thinner and shorter folds, but there

is no corresponding lamina present on the inner side of the last whorl.

In external shape and character of volution the species is almost

identical with P. repercussa, except that in this latter all the whorls are

transversely striated on the upper side, and the last at the aperture a little

more deflected, the umbilicus also appears to be a little wider, and not only

the plicee at the mouth but also the internal laminz are totally different in

vepercussa ; in this one there are two internal lamine on the inner lip one

behind the other, and one on the outer lip projecting in the space bounded

_by the two others.

Tracuta Fooret, n. sp.

Trach. testa albida, orbiculata, supra deplanata, infra inflata, versus

medium angustata, perspective modice wnbilicata, undique dense granulifera ;

anfractibus 4 ad 4:5, gradatim accrescentibus, primis duobus aut tribus

convexiusculis, transversim striatis, ceteris magis deplanatis, transversim

costulis inequalibus et obliquis ornatis, ultimo ad peripheriam valde carinato,

costulis in carina evanescentibus, ad aperturam valde descendente atque fere

‘ALosoW-pooy, “1adkOayy snyouAy Loye do aM

a ee ee

873.) J. Wood-Mason—On Rhopalorhynchus Kroyeri. 171

omnino deflexo; basi circa wmbilicum rotundate subangulata, similariter

costulata, costulis usque ad peripheriam extensis; apertura fere horizon-

taliter deflexa, transversim rotundate elliptica, margine dilatato fere undique

libero, ad angulum umbilict angustissime adnato, cirewmdata. Diam. maj.

13°38, d. min. 11:2, altitudo totius teste 6 ; altitudo apert. cwm peristomate

55, eusdem latitudo 68 m.m.

Hab.—Belgaom, India occidental.

The present species has to be placed in close proximity to 7. crassicostata,

and is as closely allied to it as thisis to 7. fallaciosa. It differs very marked-

ly from crassicostata by its more distinctly orbicular and depressedly

planorboid shape, by a well marked, smoother and thinner, peripherical keel

‘on the last whorl, by a more inflated and towards the middle more contracted

-* e, it being angular round the umbilicus, and by a considerably more

¢ deflected aperture.

In a former paper* I expressed a doubt about A. fallaciosa, ruginosa,

a” nilghirica belonging to the genus Zrachia, as originally proposed by

Albers. I observe, however, in well preserved specimens, that all of them

possess the peculiar granular structure which is so characteristic of Trachia.

’ erassicostata and Hooter must now be added to the list of these closely

1 ied Western Indian species.

4 RHOPALORHYNCHUS KROYERI, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES or Pycno-

Gontpa,—by James Woop-Mason, of Queen’s College, Oxford.

[Received and read May 7th, 1873. ]

(With plate XIII.)

Much difference of opinion has prevailed with regard to the systematic

. position of the Pycnogonida, as to whether they should be classed with the

‘Crustacea or with the Arachnida. By one set of naturalists, including

Johnston, Milne-Edwards, Quatrefages, Kréyer, and Dana, they have been

aced with the Crustacea; by another—including Latreille, Erichson, Ger-

aecker and Huxley who separates them, as well as the Tardigrada and

Pentastomida, from the typical Arachnida (Spiders, Mites and Ticks) as an

aberrant order,—with the Arachnida. Dr. Anton Dohrnt who has recently

studied the embryology of these animals finds that they are in no way

related to the Arachnida, that they resemble the Crustacea in having a

nauphiform first developmental stage, but that from this point the course of

development ceases to exhibit anything in common with that of the Crus-

_tacea ; under these circumstances I have thought it better to call the cheli-

* Journ. A. §, B., Vol. XL, Part II, p, 224,

t Jenaische Zeitschrift, 1869.

172 . J. Wood-Mason—On Rhopalorhynchus Kriyeri. [No. 3,

cere, palps, and accessory legs (= mandibles, and 1st and 2nd pairs of maxille

of Kroyer) of those who range the Pycnogonida with the Arachnida, the jirst,

second and third pairs of cephalic appendages respectively, thus avoiding

the use of terms implying affinities and homologies that may not in reality

exist.

RHOPALORHYNCHUS,* gen. nov. Wood-Mason.

Corpus lineare, gracillimum, annulis thoracis perdistinctis, cylin-

dricis, utrimque dilatatis, processibusque lateralibus magnis, obconicis. fost-

rum uniarticulatum, elongatissimum (corporis longitudinem pene sequans),

clavatum, ore triradiato. Annulus oculiger in collum vix coarctatus. Ap-

pendices cephalice primi paris absunt. App. ceph. secundi paris tenuissime,

rostro longiores, novemarticulate, articulis secundo tertioque elongatis ;

app. ceph. tert paris paulo longiores, ex decem confectz articulis,—quorum

tertius quintusque sunt elongatissimi, terminalesque quatuor prehensiles ac

margine interiori serrati ciliatique—in utroque adsunt sexu ; appendices

utriusque paris, secundi ad tertium, tertii ad quartum articulum, sunt geni-

culatee. Tuberculus oculiger in postica annuli parte est situs. Pedes gra-

cillimi, inermes, equales, corpore (rostro incluso) duplo longiores, unguibus

auxiliaribus armati sunt nullis. Abdomen uniarticulatum, obtuse-conicum,

perbreve, vix distinguendum.

RHOPALORHYNCHUS KROYERI, n. sp.

Body linear, smooth. The rostrumis almost as long as the rest of the body,

moveably articulated to the middle of the anterior end of the oculigerous —

somite, slender and filiform nearly to its middle whence it expands and

finally narrows to its obtuse extremity ; when examined in profile, the convex |

upper contour of the expanded portion is seen to carry two minute forwardly-

directed spines, the one behind the other in the middle line. The mouth is”

situated at the extremity of the rostrum and has the form of a triradiate

slit, the three slits being so disposed that a circle described from the point in

which they meet so as to pass through their free extremities would be by

them divided into three equal sectors. The ocular tubercle is erect, occupies

the posterior half of the segment on which it is placed, and has the form of a

short cylinder surmounted by a minute cone, the eyes being situated partly

on the cylinder and partly on the cone at points corresponding, as usual,

to the extremities of the arms of a St. Andrew’s cross. A very distinct cres-

centic suture, bounding the base of the ocular tubercle posteriorly and

eurving forwards and outwards so that, if produced far enough, it would pass

* Sdmadoy, clava; pryxos, rostrum.

1873. | J. Wood-Mason—On Rhopalorhynchus Kroyert. 173

out just in front of the first pair of legs, divides the oculigerous from the first

thoracic somite.

The cephalie appendages of the first pair are absent. Those of the

second pair are about 1% times as long as the rostrum with which they

lie in the same horizontal line, being articulated one on each side of it

to the anterior end of the oculigerous somite, are filiform, excessively

slender, and composed of nine joints. The first joint is subglobular, being

nearly as broad as long, much broader than any of the succeeding joints ;

the second greatly elongated and slightly expanded at the apex; the third

is very short and slightly curved; the fourth is greatly elongated, but not

so much so as the second; the fifth is shorter than either of the four equal

terminal joints which, together with the fifth and the distal half of the fourth,

are fringed with short and very delicate cilia. Those of the third pair

are also extremely slender, are articulated, a little posteriorly and internally

to the second pair, to minute processes springing from the ventral are of the

oculigerous somite and meeting in the middle line. They are composed of

ten joints, of which the first is minute, the two next equal and cylindrical,

the third greatly elongated and just perceptibly expanded at the apical end ;

the fourth short, scarcely longer than the second of the two basal joints, and

curved ; the fifth is likewise greatly elongated, but more expanded at the apex

and longer than the third; the four terminal joints are short, slightly de-

erease in length from the first to the last which comes suddenly to a subacute

incurved point forming a sort of claw, are curved, fringed on their inner and

concave margins with cilia and minute spinules, and capable of being coiled

tightly together so as to form a prehensile organ.

Both pairs of appendages are elbowed at a short joint, intercalated

between two long ones, wz., the second pair between the 2nd and 4th,

the third between the 8rd and 5th joints.

In many other species the terminal joints of the third pair of cephalic

appendages (pedes accessor) will probably be found to be similarly modified

as a prehensile organ ; an examination of O. F. Miiller’s faithful figures of

Nymphon grossipes, Fabr. in the Zoologica Danica* would, in fact, alone

suffice to show the existence of such a modification in that species, even if

Kroyert had not described it in his diagnoses of the genera Mymphon and

Zetes, without, however, offering any interpretation of the structure.

The oculigerous somite has its anterior margin straight, and is but

faintly constricted in front of the eye-tubercle.

The first thoracic somite, if its distinctness from the oculigerous somite

be admitted, is very short. Of the remaining somites, the second and third are

subequal, the former being if anything the longer ; are as perfectly cylindrical,

* Op. cit., pl. cxix, figs. 5 et 8.

+ Naturhist. Tidssk,, 1844, pp. 108 et 116.

174 J. Wood-Mason—On Rhopalorhynchus Kréyeri, [No. 3,

and nearly as long as, but slightly stouter than, the filiform proximal moiety

of the rostrum ; and are suddenly expanded at their articular ends, each somite

presenting the appearance of a cylinder with a greatly truncated cone affixed

by its truncated surface to each end. The fourth and last somite is scarce

half the length of those that precede it, and is similarly expanded at its

anterior end only. From the sides of the expansions at the posterior

extremity of the 2nd and 8rd spring two somewhat inflated outwardly-

directed, obconic processes which might, at first sight, be mistaken for the

first of the basal joints of the legs from their close similarity to these, but

which are in reality one with the somite from which they arise: precisely

similar processes carry the legs both of the first and of the last somite in

which, however, they diverge like the arms of the letter Y. Wedged in

between the roots of these processes of the last somite and the posterior

boundary of its ventral arc, hes a minute, obtusely-conical tubercle with a

large circular (anal) aperture at its extremity. This is the abdomen, a very

evident, though rudimentary, structure in most Pycnogonida and even

biarticulate in one species (in Zetes hispidus, Kroyer), but here so reduced in

size as to be quite invisible from above, and only demonstrable with difficulty

from below whence it appears, in ordinary positions, under the microscope as

a convex, ovoidal or heart-shaped plate. It, moreover, looks downwards and

slightly backwards, instead of upwards and backwards or directly backwards

as it usually does.

The legs are long, slender, simple, equal in length, rather more than twice

as long as the body including the rostrum, and are composed of eight joints,

terminated by a weak, slightly curved claw. Their three basal joints are as

broad as long, equal, and almost globular; the fourth is club-shaped at the

distal end; the fifth is all buf as long as the fourth and, with the remaining

joints, perfectly filiform ; the sixth is shorter and about twice the length

of the two last together; these are subequal.

Length of the body including the rostrum, ................00068 13 mm

¥ re eos See ee cere eee. > UPAR, Ds oan sAeasanen 26 mm.

" 3 2nd pair of cephalic appendages, ..........0... 10 mm

”? ”? érd >» 2 ” oP) 12 mm.

From the linear from of the body and the slenderness of the legs, I

conclude that my specimen is a male, a conclusion by no means invali-

dated by the presence of the third pair of cephalic appendages, which, being

apparently invariably developed in both sexes throughout several genera,

(Nymphon, etc.) consequently possesses no value in the determination of ques-

tions of sex.

Hab.—Dredged by the writer at Port Blair, Andaman Islands, in 25

fathoms of water, at which depth the bottom was clothed with a dense

te A - . ee —_ =

1873. | G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, §c. 175

tangle of delicate, filamentous algx so closely resembling the animal in point

of colour and form, that the latter was with difficulty distinguishable.

In conclusion, I dedicate the first species of Pyenogonida hitherto

discovered in these seas to the memory of the illustrious Danish natural-

ist whose name is so indissolubly connected with the history both of the

Pycnogonida and of the lower Crustacea.

Explanation of Plate XTILI.

Fig. 1. Rhopalorhynchus Kréyeri, nat. size.

Fig. 2. The same greatly enlarged.

Fig. 3. A cephalic appendage of the second pair, greatly enlarged.

Fig. A. ” ” i third ,, ” ”

Fig. 5. Rostrum seen from the side ............ 3 i

a = mouth. :

ALGm* CoLLECTED BY Mr. S. Kurz rn Arracan anp British Burma,

DETERMINED AND SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED by Dr. G. ZeEtuxrr,

High Councillor of Finance in Stuttgart.

(Communicated by Mr. Kurz.)

[Received 3rd May; read 4th June, 1873.]

DIATOMACEA.+

*1. Popostra Kurzit, Z.,n. sp.

Stipiti brevi cylindrico adnata; cellulis sphericis, v. oblongis et

diametro paulo longioribus; 1/175 ad 1/150 lin. crassis ; 2 et pluribus

isthmo brevi concatenatis, leevibus, valvulis ad commissure margines nodulis

binis minutis instructis. Arracan, Akyab, in rupibus marinis submersis (3280,

3283.)

CHROOCOCCACE.

*2. CHROococcUS MINOR, Ng. (Protococcus minor, Kg.).

-Pegu, Elephant-point, in rhizophoretis ad corticem Sonneratia apetala.

(3277).

* The arrangement is according to Rabenhorst’s Flora Europea Algarwm, that of

the sea weeds according to Kiitzing’s Species Algarum. The numbers within brackets’

refer to Mr. Kurz’s collections. Those species marked by an asterisk are new addi-

tions to Burmese phycology (see a paper on Burmese Algw bythe late Dr. G. von

Martens, Journ. A. S. B., Vol. XL., 1872, p. 461 sq.)

+ The diatoms fron: Burmah (about 60 or more species) are not yet distributed ;

Dr. L. Babenhorst of Dresden has, however, been kind enough to undertake the

determination of them. (8. Kurz.)

176 G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, §e. [No. 3,

*3. Curoococcus Inpicvs, Z., n. sp.

Strato gelatinoso, tenui, pallide fusco ; cellulis singulis solitariis, oblongis

v. globosis, 1/700—1/300 lin. crassis, virescentibus ; tegumento hyalino, vix

conspicuo, cytiodermate achromatico, cytioplasmate granuloso. In stagno

silvatico ditionis Prome (3151).

*4. CHROOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS, Z., n. sp.

Strato gelatinoso, granuloso, aurantiaco ; cellulis 4-12 et pluribus in

familias circiter 1/100 lin. crassas associatis, 1/500—1/300 lin. crassis, v.

singulis ad 1/160 lin. crassis, globosis v. angulosis ; tegumento tenerrimo,

hyalino; ¢ytiodermate hyalino, in cellulis junioribus vix conspicuo, in

adultioribus crassiusculo ; cytioplasmate aureo-fusco, rarius viridi. Pegu,

in valli alluviali fluminis Irrawaddi versus Thabysegon, in rivulo exsiccato

(3223). ? ,

*5. APHANOCAPSA ALBIDA, Z., n. sp.

Thallo tenui, membranaceo, amorpho, sordide albido; cellulis globosis,

1/700—1/600 lin. crassis, nunc solitariis, nunc seriatis aut acervatis ; tegu-

mentis diffluentibus ; cytioplasmate homogeneo, pallide aerugineo. Arracan,

Akyab, in stagnis salsis putrescentibus fluitans (38284).

*6. SYNECHOCOCCUS FUSCUS, Z., n. sp.

Cellulis singulis, interdum duabus v. tribus longitudinaliter seriatis

ellipticis, utraque fine rotundatis, 1/100 lin. longis, 1/250 lin. crassis ;

cylioplasmate fusco v. lutescente, homogeneo. Pegu,in montibus Yomah

dictis secus rivulum Thit-Kouk (Pazwoondoung) in limo arenoso (8258).

LEPTOTHRICHEA.

*7, LEPTOTHRIX OCHRACEA, Kg.

Pegu, in variis locis preesertim in montibus Yoma frequentissime e

fissuris rupium humidarum protrudens et massas 1—1} poll. crassas ochrac-

eas formans. In collectione heecce prostant stationes: Kadeng-choung ad

Natmadhee (8232/ a); Thayet-choung inter Kya-Eng (Eng = laculus) et

Phoungegyee, (8277) ; Wha-choung (choung = rivulus, fluvius, etc.) in stagno

sylvatico (3237 /a ) ; Mui-how in montibus (Yomae meridionalis) in fonte

(8240).

*8, U{iyPHEOTHRIX MRUGINEA, Rabenh. (Leptothrix, Kg.).

Pecu, Phoungyee, ad ripas laculi in limo (8186/a) var. swbtorulosa, Z.

articulis ad genicula interdum parum contractis. Pegu, Kenbatee-choung

in fonte ad’ vicum (81381).

*9. HypnHrorurrx catcrcona, Ag. b. muralis (Leptothrix muralis, Kg.)

Pegu, Henzadah, ad muros sedis cujusdam vetustee lateritize. (3167). *

—— sl

—

1873.] G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, Se. 177

*10. HypHreoturix suptinisstma, Rabenh. (Leptothrix, Kg.).

Pegu, in muris humidis muscosis cisterne in vico Tharawa, in vicinitate

oppidi Henzadah (8214)/a, 3223/a, 3223/b).

*11. HYPHEOTHRIX VIRIDULA, Z., n. sp.

Strato tenui, membranaceo, obscure eerugineo-viridi ; filis parum cur-

vatis, dense intricatis, ad 1/750 lin. crassis, apicem versus attenuatis,

eerugineis, obsolete articulatis, interdum torulosis ; articulis diametro parum

v. ad duplum longioribus ; vaginis delicatissimis, arctis. Pegu, in palude

prope Wanet, in limo et in plantis aquaticis. (8238).

OSCILLARIEZ.

*12. Oscr~taRtA ANTILLARUM, Ke.

Arracan, Akyab, in stagnis subsalsis. (8216).

*13. OSCILLARIA ANTLIARIA, Juerg. a physodes. Tbidem (8216).

*14, OscILLARIA BREVIS, Kg.

Pegu, Kadeng-choung ad Natmadhee. (8184).

*15. OScCILLARIA CHALYBEA Mert., var. Indica, Z.

Strato obscure chalybeo, filis tantummodo 1/400—1/375 lin. crassis.

Pegu, in locis humidis limosis vie inter Kyauzoo et Wachoung (8185).

*16. OScILLARIA GRATELOUPI, Bory.

Pegu, Elephant-point, in aquis dulcibus (8275).

*17. OscILLARIA sancTa, Kg. :

Pegu, Tharawa, non procul ab Henzada, in muris humidis cisternee

(8214/a, 3223).

*18. OSCILLARIA VIOLACEA, Wallr. (O. fenestralis, Kg.)

Rangoon in limo aque dulcis. (8208).

*19. OSCILLARIA VIRIDULA, Z., n. sp.

Strato membranaceo, viridi-erugineo, longe radiante; filis late eeru-

gineis, rectis, 1/500—1/450 lin. erassis, apice ad dimidium attenuatis et

leviter curvatis, subtilissime granulatis ; articulis obsoletis, diametro duplo

brevioribus. (O. Neapolitane proxima). Rangoon, in limo aque dulcis

(3206).

*20. PHORMIDIUM ARENARIUM, Rabenh. (Ph. thinoderma, Kg).

Arracan, Akyab in limo aque subsalsze (8220, 3286/a).

*21. PHORMIDIUM INUNDATUM, Keg.

Pegu, Tharawa, prope Henzadah, in muris cisternae (3223 /b).

178 G. Zeller—On Burmese Algae, Sc. [No. 3,

*22. CHTHONOBLASTUS LyNne@BYEI, Kg.

Arracan, Akyab, in rupibus marinis inundatis (3285).

*23. CHTHONOBLASTUS Burmantcvts, Z., n. sp.

Filis 1/1500 lin. crassis, serugineis v. lutescentibus, indistincte articu-

latis, parum flexuosis, apice attenuatis, in fasciculos pallide fuscos, 1/300 lin.

erassos, flexuosos, contortis ; vaginis ad 1/100 lin. crassis, pellucidis, fibrillosis,

margine undulatis. Pegu, Tharawa prope Henzadah, in muris cisterns

(8214b).

*24.- CuTHoNoBLAasTUS Kurzit, Z., n. sp.

Litoreus, strato nunc obscure chalybeo, nune luteo-viridi, filamentoso ;

filis 1/400—1/300 lin. crassis, violascentibus, v. pallide zerugineis, numerosis,

in fasciculos laxe contortis, apicibus attenuatis, obtusis ; articulis plerumque

obsoletis, diametro ad triplum brevioribus, rarius granulatis; vaginis 1/90—

1/50 lin. crassis, sordidis, hyalinis, interdum transversim striatis. Pegu,

Elephant-point, in rhizophoretis in limosis ad arborum radices et ad

algas majores maritimas (8273,3274).

*25. LYNGBYA PALLIDA, Z., n. sp.

Pallide viridis, adnata, filis 2-4 pollicaribus, cespitosis, flexuosis, luteis

v. virescentibus, cum vagina levi, achromatica , 1/60 lin., sine vagina 1/70

lin. crassis ; articulis diametro 3-5plo brevioribus, subtilissime granulatis.

Pegu in montibus Yomah, Wathabwot-choung in saxis arenosis submersis

(8175).

*26. HyprocoLeuM MENEGHINIANUM, Kg.

Pegu, Elephant-point, in rhizophoretis, ad radices et arborum truncos

submersos. (8263).

*27. HYDROCOLEUM STRIATUM, Z., un. sp.

Rivulare, semipollicare, serugineo-nigrum; vaginis 1/90 lin. crassis,

transversim striatis, striis in 1/100 lin. 9; filis inclusis plerumque ternis,

leviter contortis, 1/180 lin. crassis, dense granulatis, continuis, vel obsolete

articulatis ; diametro multo brevioribus. Pegu, in rivulo vadoso prope San-

ye-wa ditionis Rangoon (8200).

*28. SrrocoLtEuM Inpicum, Z., n. sp.

Cespite parvulo, vix semiunciali, viridi ; vaginis a basi 1/60 lin, crassa

ad 1/250 lin. attenuatis, achromaticis ; filis initio pulchre zrugineis, apice

obtusis, obsolete articulatis, articulis diametro eequalibus, 1/750 lin. crassis,

deinde pallidioribus et divisione longitudinali et transversali in gonidia

1/1500 lin. crassa, seriata, diametro 2-4plo longiora, collapsis. (Svrocoleo

— 1878.] G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, &e. 179

Gujanensi affine, sed multo tenuius. Genus accuratius observandum).

Arracan, Akyab, in rupibus maritimis inundatis (3280).

*29. Sympnoca Kurziana, Z., n. sp.

Lignicola, pollicaris et ultra, griseo-zeruginea, fasciculis strictis, densis,

basi coalitis : filis rectis, pallide erngineis, subtiliter granulatis, continuis

vix hinc inde obsolete articulatis, cum vagina 1/375 lin. crassis ; vaginis

achromaticis, arctis, superne szepe vacuis. Pegu, in fundo navicule fluminis

Myitnan ad Thabyzegon (3222).

*30. SYMPLOCA LUTESCENS, Z., n. sp.

Lignicola, semipollicaris, vix ike fasciculis basi vir idi-orugineis,

apicem versus lutescentibus, dense czespitosis ; filis pallide eerugineis, apice

evaginatis, granulatis, sine vagina 1/450—1/300 lin. crassis; articulis

obsoletis ; vaginis rigidis, achromaticis, ad 1/175 lin. crassis. Pegu, in

planitie alluviali fluminis Irrawaddi, in fundo navicule, qua fluvium Lhein

prope Beendau-Hseat transiit cl. Kurz (8160).

NOSTOCHEL.

*31. Nostoc ELLIPSospoRUM, Rabenh. (Hormosiphon, Desmaz.) var.

vaginis achromaticis.

Prome, in montibus Yomee, inter muscos secus declivia rivuli Whay-

dho (8178).

*32. NosToc GRANULARE, Rabenh. (Hormosiphon, Kg.).

Pegu, Elephant-point, in aquis dulcibus stagnantibus (8291).

*33. Nostoc PURPURASCENS, Kg. (WV. rufescens, Ag., forma purpur-

ascens). Pegu, Kadeng-choung ad Natmadhee, natans (3230).

*34. Nosroc RIVULARE, Kg.

Pegu in montibus Yome, Koon-choung ad saxa arenosa humida (8176).

*35. Nostoc HETEROTHRIX, Z., n. sp.

Strato irregulariter expanso, olivaceo-viridi ; filis leviter flexuosis,

ineequalibus ; alteris eerugineis, articulis globosis, 1/600—1/450 lin. crassis,

cytiodermate vix conspicuo hyalino; alteris fuscis, cytiodermate evidenti,

colorato, articulis globosis v. ellipticis, ad 1/175 lin. crassis; cellulis

perdurantibus ellipticis, ceteris paulo majoribus. (Forsan Hormosiphon

heterothrix, Kg.?) Pegu, in valli Pazwoondoung, in rivulo Bala-choung

(3196) ; secus declivia limosa fluminis Irrawaddi ad Khyoung-gyee (3163).

*36. Nostoc KurzianuM, Z., n. sp.

Terrestre, thallo fusco-atro, irregulariter expanso, membranaceo ; filis

densis, parum curvatis, fulvis ; articulis 1/600—1/500 lin. crassis, spheericis,

180 G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, fe. [No. 3,

arctis, virescentibus ; peridermate tenui, hyalino; cellulis perdurantibus

globosis, ad 1/400 lin. crassis. Pegu, in montibus Yome centralis,

Whathabwot-choung ad declivia limosa (4188).

*38. Nosroc LtIMosuM, Z., n. sp.

Terrestre, thallo olivaceo-fusco, tenui, indefinite expanso ; filis brevibus

rectis, dense implicatis, filis leptothrichoideis tenerrimis, articulatis, hyalinis

intermixtis ; articulis 1/500—1/300 lin. crassis, auctis, globosis v. ellipticis,

arcte connexis, granulis viridibus fartis ; peridermate hyalino, achromatico ;

cellulis perdurantibus spheericis, duplo majoribus. Pegu, in planitie fluminis

Irrawaddi, in limo ripario fluvii Lein inter Theo-choung et Beendau Hseat

(3157).

*39. NostToc SAXATILE, Z., n. sp.

Subglobosum, vetustate intus cavum, magnitudine cerasi, olivaceo-fus-

cum, aggregatum; peridermate fuscescente, filis non vaginatis, flexuosis ;

articulis ellipticis, pallide erugineis, subtiliter granulatis, 1/600—1/500 lin.

crassis ; cellulis perdurantibus globosis, ad 1/375 lin. crassis. Pegu, in mon-

tibus Yomee centralis, Kayeng-mathay-choung in saxis arenosis humidis

(3180).

SPERMOSIRELA.

*40. ANABENA BULLOSA, Kg.

Pegu, in valli fluminis Sittang, in laculo prope Otweng, Tounghoo

(8150) ; Pegu,in planitie fluvi1 Pazwoondoung, Bala-choung in limo (8241/6).

*41, ANABHENA FLOS-AQUe, Keg.

Pegu, in fluvio Lhein inter Beendau-Hseat et Theong-choung (3159),

*42, ANABHENA STAGNALIS, Ke.

Pegu, in fluvio Lhein prope Beendau-Eng (3161/6) ; Khyoung-gyee ad

ripas fluminis Irrawaddi (3164).

*43. ANABENA SUBTILISSIMA, Kg.

Rangoon, in limo canalium estuariarum (3205).

*44, ANABENA Inpica, Z., n. sp.

Strato tenui, expanso, obscure viridi, deinde fusco ; filis rectiusculis, den-

sis, subvaginatis, erugineis, denique fuscis, apicem versus attenuatis ; articu-

lis tenuioribus 1/650 ad 1/600 lin. crassis, spheericis, seepe geminatis; cras-

sioribus (sporangiis) ad 1/350 lin. crassis, sphericis, v. ellipticis ; cytioplas-

mate dilute erugineo, granuloso. Arracan, Akyab, in limo aque subsalsee

(3218, 3218) ; Pegu, in montibus Yome, Yaitho-choung, in arena humida

rivuli frequens (8234).

= ee EE eS

1873. ] G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, Se. 181

*45, CYLINDROSPERMUM HUMICOLA, Kg.

Pegu, in limo ripario fluminis Irrawaddi ad Khyoung-gyee (3165).

*46. CYLINDROSPERMUM MACROSPORUM, Kg.

Pegu, Kadeng-choung ad Natmadhee, natans (3230).

RIVULARIEZ.

*47, GLoroTRIcHIA Kurziana, Z., n. sp.

Thallo globoso, lineam crasso, obscure olivaceo ; filis erugineis, brevibus,

subulatis ; articulis spe confluentibus, inferioribus ad 1/300 lin. crassis, dia-

metro duplo brevioribus, superioribus eam zquantibus ; vaginis ad 1/150 lin.

erassis, achromaticis, sporis zrugineis v. lutescentibus, ovatis, basi ventrico-

sis, ad 1/180 lin. crassis, diametro 2-4plo longioribus, dense granulatis ;

eellulis perdurantibus spheericis, 1/250 lin. crassis.—Arracan, Akyab in plan-

tis aque dulcis (8212).

*48. Rivuptarta Peeuana, Z., n. sp.

Thallo gelatinoso, indefinite expanso, olivaceo, molli, hyalino ; filis in-

elusis zrugineis, basi 1/300 superne 1/500 lin. crassis, apice plus minusve

acuminatis, laxe intricatis, flexuosis, nune distincte articulatis, articulis v.

moniliformibus, diametro zequalibus v. duplo longioribus ; nunc—preesertim

in parte superiore,—continuis ; cellulis basilaribus globosis, 1/300—1/175

lin. crassis, denique in sporangia fusca permutatis—Pegu, Kadeng-choung

ad Natmadhee in truncis vetustis submersis (3228).

MASTIGOTHRICHEZ.

*49. MAsTIGOTHRIX HRUGINEA, Kg.

Pegu, Yenay Eng, in planitie alluviali fluminis Irrawaddi, ramis emor-

tuis insidens (3182).

*50. ScHIZOSIPHON PARIETINUS, Neg.

Arracan, Akyab in parietibus Phari vetusti (3215).

SCYTONEMACEZL.

*51. ScyToNEMA AUREUM, Menegh.

Pegu, in variis locis frequens, ad rupes et corticola.—Elephant-point

(3276); inter Rangoon et San-ye-wa (8352) ; in montibus Yome centralis,

Kayeng-mathay-choung, ad saxa arenosa (3173).

*52. ScYTONEMA CINEREUM, Menegh.

Pegu, in templis pagoda dictis vetustis fere undique ; Kya Eng in tem-

plo vetusto (8199).

var. b. Julianum, Rabenh. (Drilosiphon Julianus, Kg.). Pegu, in

montibus Yome centralis, Yay-gna-choung ad saxa arenosa

(3236).

182 G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, Se. [No. 3,

*58. ScYTONEMA GRACILE, Kg.

Pegu, in planitie fl. Irrawaddi, Palay Kweng in cisterne muris (38224).

*54. ScyYTONEMA TOMENTOSUM, Keg.

Supra Rangoon, corticola (8466).

*55. Scyronema Prea@uanum, Martens.

Pegu, in valle Sittang (3139) ; Phoung-gyee (38118), in truncis arbor-

um frequens.

*56. ScYTONEMA VARIUM, Kg.

Pegu, in montibus Yome, in valle Choung-menah (Khaboung) (3152) ;

Wachoung (Pazwoondoung) (3241/0).

*57, ScYTONEMA VIEILLARDI, Mart.

Arracan, Akyab, in stagnis exsiccatis subsalsis (3287).

*58. ScyTONEMA FULVUM, Z., n. sp.

Strato obscure olivaceo ; filis curvatis, 1/180—1/120 lin. cum vagina

crassis, fulvis; pseudoramulis sparsis, divaricatis, conformibus ; apicibus

attenuatis, clausis, extremis hyalinis; filis internis vix conspicuis, pallide

virescentibus ; articulis obsoletis; vaginis levibus, arctis, aureo-fulvis.—

Pegu, Rangoon in foliis calami (3467) ; Yoma in cortice arborum (3146).

*59. SCYTONEMA FUSCUM, Z., n. sp.

Strato pannoso, fusco-rubescente ; filis 2-3 lin. altis, subsimplicibus,

gracilibus, elongatis, basi 1/180—1/120 lin. cum vagina, superne 1/200 lin.

cum vagina, 1/300—1/250 lin. sine vagina crassis ; vaginis levibus, saturate

fuscis, apicem versus pallidioribus ; filis inclusis pallide virescentibus, obso-

lete articulatis, granulatis, articulis diametro eequalibus.—Pegu, in terra nuda

et ad declivia argillosa, Sanyz-wa prope Rangoon in oryzetis (8201) ; in

montibus Yome in valle fluvii Choung-menah (8153); Wachoung, in via

cava (3187).

*60. ScyToneMA Korzianum, Z., n. sp.

Strato olivaceo ; czspitulis vix lineam altis, compactis ; filis 1/300 lin.

cum vagina 1/450 lin. sine vagina crassis, subsimplicibus, basi coalescentibus

curvatis, internis articulatis, viridi-lutescentibus ; articulis sepe obsoletis,

diametro zqualibus ; vaginis achromaticis v. lutescentibus ; cellulis perdu-

rantibus globosis.—Pegu, Yoma, in cortice arborum (3141/a).

*61. ScYTONEMA MURALE, Z., n. sp.

Strato compacto, spongioso, lineam crasso, sordide olivaceo, v. nigres-

cente ; filis intricatis, flexuosis, parce ramosis ; pseudoramulis conformibus,

brevibus, cum vagina 1/300—1/200 lin. crassis, luteis, apice cinereis, inter-

Se eee.

1873.] G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, &e. 183

dum roseolis ; filis internis 1/350—1/300 lin. crassis, pallide viridibus, apice

hyalinis, distincte articulatis ; articulis diametro gequalibus, v. duplo brevio-

ribus ; vaginis subachrois, arctis ; cellulis perdurantibus globosis.—Rangoon

ad muros hospitii circuit-house dicti (8207, 3209).

*62. ScyTONEMA OLIVACEUM, Z., n. sp.

Strato cespitoso, 2-3 lin. alto, olivaceo ; filis leviter flexuosis, rigidis,

eum vagina 1/150—1/115 lin. crassis ; internis 1/180 Jin. crassis, cinereis,

distincte articulatis ; articulis lamellosis, v. granulosis et linea transversali

dimidiatis, diametro parum, hine inde 24plo brevioribus ; pseudoramulis,

divaricatis, seepe geminis, non tenuioribus ; vaginis fuscis, levibus. Pegu,

in montibus Yome centralis, Zamayee-choung, in fissuris humidis rupium

arenosarum (3235).

*63. ScYTONEMA PARVULUM, Z., n. sp.

Strato tenui, tomentoso, fuscescente ; filis brevibus, subsimplicibus, at-

tenuatis, basi 1/375 lin. superne 1/500 lin. cum vagina vix 1/700 lin. sine

vagina crassis, a basi distincte articulatis ; articulis diametro sequalibus, vel

longioribus, superne confluentibus ; vaginis fuscis, filis internis viridibus.

Pegu, in saxis arenosis montium Yome australis (3156).

*64. ScyronemMa (SyMpHyosiPHon) RuizopHoR4s, Z., n. sp.

Cespitulis obscure olivaceis (in siccatis cinereo-nigrescentibus), spongio-

so-hirtis, semilineam crassis; filis fasciculatis, flexuosis, fuscis, parce pseu-

doramosis, cum vagina 1/300—1/225 lin. crassis, apicem versus attenuatis,

internis pallide erugineis ; articulis diametro equalibus, vel ad triplum bre-

vioribus, seepe obsoletis ; vaginis arctis, basi et apice brevi, acuminato, hya-

linis ; cellulis perdurantibus oblongis. Pegu, Elephant-point, in rhizophore-

tis ad cortices arborum diversarum, imprimis Sonneratie apetale (3267).

*65. ScYTONEMA SUBCLAVATUM, Z., n. sp.

Calcicola; strato obscure olivaceo, filis fuscis, spe basi connatis, partim

(junioribus ?) sursum incrassatis, 1/30—1/20 lin. longis, simplicibus, curva-

tis, ad 1/180 lin. crassis ; partim elongatis, ramello uno alterove instructis,

1/300 lin. cum vagina crassis ; filis internis virescentibus, nunc obsolete,

nune distincte articulatis ; articulis diametro exqualibus ; vaginis arctis.

(Forsan status Scytonematis muralis). Pegu, in domo vetusta lateritia op-

pidi Henzadah (3167, 3168, 3169).

*66. ScYTONEMA VIOLASCENS, Z., n. sp.

Cespite erecto, 3-4 lin. alto, pallide violaceo ; filis basi 1/150—1/100 lin.

eum vagina 1/130—1/110 lin. sine vagina crassis, fasciculatis, parce ramosis ;

pseudoramulis interdum binis, adpressis, vel intricatis, elongatis, gracilibus,

flagelliformibus, variegatis, violaceis, erugineis et fusco-luteis, ad 1/250 lin,

184. G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, &e. [No. 3,

attenuatis, apice pallidioribus vel hyalinis; articulis diametro ad duplo bre-

vioribus, spe confluentibus ; vaginis arctis, hirtis, hyalinis v. lutescentibus.

Pegu, Yoma in valle Choungmenah (Khaboung) ad declivia argillosa (3154).

*67. PoLYPoTHRIx BINATA, Z., n. sp.

Lacustris, cespitulis 2-3 lin. altis, erugineo viridibus; filis pulchre

erugineis, primariis 1/300 lin. crassis, pseudoramulis divaricatis, elongatis,

1/500 lin. erassis ; articulis inferioribus distinctis, seepe dimidiatis, plerum-

que diametro duplo longioribus, rarius ei zqualibus v. brevioribus, subtoru-

losis, supremis confluentibus. (Articuli sepe ad modum Sirosiphonis longi-

tudinaliter bipartiti). Pegu, Kya Eng, in radicibus submersis (8195, 3203)

Eng-ga-na (3242, 3248).

STROSIPHONTIACEZL.

*68. SrIROSIPHON PARASITICUS, Z., n. sp.

Strato cespitoso, fusco ; filis virescentibus, 1/200 lin. cum vagina 1/300

sine vagina crassis, curvatis, parce ramosis; ramis ascendentibus, homogeneis;

articulis seepe obsoletis, vel confluentibus, duplici serie ordinatis, granulosis,

diametro brevioribus ; vaginis arctis, luteis v. hyalinis. Pegu, Yoma,

Choungmenah, in sylvis sempervirentibus ad folia arborum et fruticum

(38292).

PALMELLACE.

*69. PLEvROCOCcCUS vuLGARIS, Menegh. (Protococcus, Kg.).

Rangoon, ad parietes hospitii circuit house dicti (8210).

DESMIDIEA.*

*70. CLOSTERIUM STRIOLATUM, Ehrenb.

Pegu, Kya Eng, inter plantas submersas aquaticas.

*71. PLEevRoTENIUM BACULUM, De Bary (Docidium, Bréb.).

Pegu, in palude prope Wanet, natans (3238/a).

*72, PLEUROTENIUM TRABECULA, Neg. (Docidium Ehrenberghii,

Bréb.).

Pegu, Eng-ga-na prope Phounggyee (8242).

*73. FEUASTRUM ANSATUM, Ralfs.

Pegu, Eng-ga-na (8242).

*74, EUASTRUM AMPULLACEUM, Ralfs.

Pegu, Kya Eng.

* These are only stray Desmids found by DD. Zeller and Rabenhorst amongst the

Alge. My collection of Burmese Desmids is in the hands of Mr. W. Archer of

Dublin. (S, Kurz.) .

SERRA Hs OC ny a

eyes Awe

1873.) G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, Se. 185

ZYGNEMACEA.

*74, RuyncHoneMA Kuraztt, Z., n. sp.

Articulis sterilibus fine replicatis, diametro (1/120—1/100 lin.) 6-8plo

longioribus, sporiferis tumidis ; sporis fuscis, ellipticis, diametro (1/40 lin.)

2-25plo longioribus; fasciis spiralibus 2 laxis, torulosis, anfractibus 2

Pegu, Eng-ga-na (8242).

*75. SPIROGYRA ADNATA, Kg.

Pegu, Pazwoondoung, Balachoung (8247).

*76. SprroGyRa crassa, Kg.

In lacu prope Rangoon (8251).

*77. SPIROGYRA DECIMINA, Kg.

Prome, Toung-naweng-choung (8155); Myoma, in rupibus fluminis

Trrawaddi (8170) ; Pegu, Kenbatee in fonte scaturiente (3165/a) ; Pazwoon-

doung-choung ad Kyauzoo (8184). Alga vulgatissima Burme, preesertim

in planitiebus alluvialibus.

Forma crassior, filis sterilibus ad 1/38 lin. crassis. Pegu,in montibus

Yome centralis, Wathabwot-choung, in fluvio frequens (3174).

*78. SPIROGYRA IRREGULARIS, Neg.

Pegu, Yomah centralis, Wopyoo-choung (Khayengmathay-chg.) versus

Ghalee Tay natans (3177) ; Rangoon in canalibus estuariis subsalsis (8204).

*79, SPrRoGYRA JUGALIS, Kg.

Pegu, Kya Eng (8198).

*80. Sprroayra Loneata, Kg.

Prome, Khyee Thay in flumine Irrawaddi (3187); Arracan, Akyab

(3211).

*81. SprroGyra MaJuscuLa, Kg.

Pegu, in palude quadam prope Thounggyee (8244).

*82. SprroGyra nitTrmpA, Kg.

Pegu, in palude inter Theanchoung et Oakkan (8161/a) ; Prome, Khyee-

thay in flumine Irrawaddi (8187) ; Arracan, Akyab, in aqua dulci (38219).

*83. SpPrRoGyRA QUININA, Kg.

Arracan, Akyab in aqua subsalsa (8289).

var. 8. ineequalis, Neg. Pegu, Beeling Kadeng-choung ad Kway ma-

kheing (8282). |

*84. Sprrogyra TRoPICA, Kg.

Arracan, Akyab, in aqua subsalsa (3289).

186 G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, &e. [No. 3,

*85. ZYGNEMA STELLINUM, Ag. |

Pegu, Tonkyan in vicinitate rivuli Bala-choung (3289).

*86. ZyGNEMA VAUCcHERI, Ag.

Pegu, Kya Eng (3194).

*87. ZYGNEMA AMPLUM, Z., n. sp.

Viride, siccatum obscure fuscum; articulis sterilibus diametro (1/60

lin.) ante divisionem 2-3plo longioribus, post eam equalibus, v. sesquilon-

gioribus ; fructiferis non tumidis, zygosporis globosis, v. late ellipticis ; filis

in vagina 1/40 lin. crassa, tenui, continua, subtiliter granulosa, hyalina, in-

clusis. Pegu, in laculo inter Phounggyee et Kyauzoo (3246).

*88. MESOCARPUS INTRICATUS, Hass.

Pegu, in palude inter Tean-choung et Oakkan (3161).

*89. MESOCARPUS SCALARIS, Hass.

Pegu, Eng-ga-na (8242); Yoma australis, infra pagum Karensium

Mui-hau dictum in rivulo (8256).

*90. STAUROSPERMUM FRAGILE, Z., n. sp.

Filis luteolis, intricatis, fragilibus ; cellulis diametro (1/140—1/100 lin.)

5-10plo longioribus, ad genicula contractis; zygosporis quadrangularibus,

1/100—1/80 lin. crassis; sporodermate levi. Pegu, Rangoon: in lacu

(8252) ; Kadeng-choung ad Natmadhee Seal In provincia Pegu, praecipue

secus fl. Irrawaddi, vulgaris.

VAUCHERIACEZ.

*91. VAUCHERIA SESSILIS, DC., a. cespitosa, Ag.

Pegu, Yoma centralis, Khayeng-mathay-choung (3172) ; var. b. repens,

Hass, (forma terrestris) ; ibidem, in limo siccescente (3181).

ULVACE.

92. ENTEROMORPHA COMPRESSA, L., var. c. complanata (EH. complana-

ta, Kg.).

Pegu, Elephant-point in rhizophoretis (8278); Arracan, Akyab, in mari

(8281, 3284).

*93. PHYCOSERIS BuRMANICA, Z., n. sp.

Viridis, in sicco seepius pallide olivacea, radice minuta, disciformi ; sti-

pite tenerrimo, rotundato, brevi, mox in phycoma planum, rigidum, basi

oblique cuneatum atque attenuatum, obovatum, rectum v. curvatum, 1-2 polli-

care, margine in adultioribus crenulatum, transiente. Cellularum diameter

1/300 lin. Pegu, Elephant-point, in rhizophoretis ad radices.

1873. ] G. Zeller—On Burmese Alge, Se. 187

DIPLOSTROMIEA.

*94, DIPLOSTROMIUM TENUISSIMUM, Kg.

Pegu, Elephant-point, in rhizophoretis ad radices (8272).

CONFERVACE ZL.

*95. Conrervs. Funxi, Kg.

Pegu, in palude prope Phounggyee (8244).

*96. CoNFERVA RHYPOPHILA, Kg.

Pegu, in planitie fluminis Irrawaddi, Eng-suay in truncis submersis.

(3165/c.).

*97. CONFERVA SUBSETACEA, Kg.

Avracan, Akyab in aqua subsalsa (3288).

*98. ConFERVA BurManica, Z., n. sp.

Albo-virescens, rigida, intricata; articulis diametro (1/130—1/100 lin.)

24-5 plo longioribus. Pegu, Yenay-eng in planitie fl. Irrawaddi, in plan-

tis aquaticis (8165/6).

*99. CoNFERVA UTRICULOSA, Kg.

Pegu, Yoma centralis, Khayeng-mathay-choung, in stagnis natans

(8171) ; Tay Tay-choung (Zamayee) in limo siccescente (8179).

*100, CoNFERVA INEQUALIS, Rabenh. (Psichohormium, Kg.) ; forma,

filis ad 1/120 lin. crassis. Rangoonin aqua vadosa lacus natans (8243).

*101. Rutzoctontum HooKert, Kg.

_ Pegu, Elephant-point in limo marino (8260).

*102. RHIZOCLONIUM ARBOREUM, Z., n. sp.

Obscure viride, siccatum cinerascens ; filis a basi apicem versus paulo

attenuatis, hine inde ad genicula intumescentibus, brevissime radicantibus et

genuflexis; articulis diametro (1/85—1/25 lin.) equalibus, vel duplo lon-

gioribus ; cytiodermate crasso. Pegu, Elephant-point, in rhizophoretis ad

corticem arborum (Sonneratia apetala) frequentissime truncorum latus ad

septentrionem vergens dense investiens (38261).

103. CiapoPpHoRA caLLicomAa, Kg. (Ol. glomerata, forma III.

Rabenh.) Pegu, Kadeng-choung ad Natmadhee. (8225).

.*104. CrapopHora Javantca, Kg.

Ibidem (8226).

*105. CLADOPHORA STREPENS, Kg. (Ol. fracta c. strepens, Keg.).

Pegu, Yoma centralis, Wopyoo, choung (Khayeng-mathay-chg.) versus

Ghalee Tay (8177).

188 G. Zeller

On Burmese Alge, &e. [No. 3,

106. CrapoPHoRA TRANQUEBARIENSIS, Kg.

Pegu, Yoma centralis, Tay Tay-choung, natans (3183).

*107. CLADOPHORA CODIOLA, Z., n. sp.

Cespitosa, viridis, sicca pallida, pygmea, vix 2 lin. longa, subsimplex ;

filis 1/L00—1/75 crassis, apice incrassatis, obtusis ; ramellis raris, uni-articu-

latis ; articulis diametro 8-20 plo et ultra longioribus, infimo perlongo ; cytio-

dermate crasso, hyalino, levi; cytioplasmate granulari. Pegu, Irrawaddi,

Eng-suay in truncis submersis (3166).

108. CrADOPHORA ExIG@uA, Z., n. sp.

Sordide viridis, cespite 1-2-lin. alto; filis inferne ramosis, rigidis ; ramis

paucis, divaricatis, elongatis ; articulis primaris 1/100 ad 1/90 lin., mediis

1/160 lin., ramorum 1/850—1/250 lin. crassis, diametro 2-3plo longioribus,

ad genicula constrictis ; cytiodermate crassiusculo. Pegu, Balachoung, in

conchis (Paludina.) (8197).

*109. CLADOPHORA (ANGAGROPILA) CONTORTA, Z., n. sp.

Cespitosa, pallide viridis, filis e radice pulposa provenientibus, simplici-

bus, perraro ramellum uniarticulatum emittentibus, 2-4 poll. longis, in funi-

culos contortis, basi 1/80 lin., sursum ad 1/35 lin. apice 1/100 lin. erassis ;

articulis cylindricis, valde ineequalibus, diametro 2-12 plo longioribus. Pegu

Tonghoo, in fundo naviculi in fluvio Sittang (3143).

110. CLADOPHORA MINUTISSIMA, Z. (ad interim).

Pallide viridis, filis in cortice truncorum radicantibus, dense aggregatis,

semilineam vix superantibus, 1/250--1/150 lin. crassis, simplicibus, v. raro

ramello unicellulari instructis, a basi apicem versus incrassatis ; articulis

diametro 14-3plo longioribus; cytiodermate flaccido, hyalino, cytioplas-

mate lamelloso. (Forsan Cladophore cujusdam status juvenilis). Marina

Elephant-point in truncis submersis (3264).

GADOGONTIACEZ.

*111. Cipogontum apopHysatum, A. Br.

_ Pegu, Kya Eng (3195).

*112. C£pogontum Braun, Kg.

Pegu, Eng-suay non procul a flumine Irrawaddi infra Henzadah

(8166/a) ; _Kadeng-choung ad Natmadhee (3229).

*113. CipoGoNIUM GRACILE, Kg.

Pegu, Eng-suay in truncis submersis (3165/d).

*114. QCipocontum LanpsBorovent, Kg.

Pegu, prope Tonkyan supra Rangoon (3248).

*115. QCpogontum Rorut, Bréb.

In lacu Rangoonensi fluitans (3253).

1873.] G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, §c. 189

*116. C£pocontum scuratum, Kg.

Pegu, Kya Eng in radicibus (3195).

*117. CEpogontIuM TENELLUM, Kg.

Pegu, in stagnis et fossis prope Tonkyan, vicum supra Rangoon (3248).

*118. Qpoconrum VEsiIcatTuM, Link.

Pegu, Eng-ga-na (3242); Yoma centralis, Zamayee-choung in saxis

arenosis (3233).

var. g. fuscescens, Kg.

Pegu, Kya-eng in radicibus (3198).

*119. Cpocontum Kurzu, Z., n. sp.

Moneecum ; cellula basilari biloba, articulo terminali obtuso, articulis

diametro (1/45—1/32 lin.) 2-5 plo longioribus, seepe medio dilatatis, v. cunei-

formibus, passim uno fine transversim plicatis ; oogoniis sparsis, raro seriatis,

ellipticis, diametro (1/80 lin.) 13-2 plo longioribus ; oosporis fuscis, sphe-

ricis, v. diametro paulum longioribus ; antheridiis unicellularibus, lanceola-

tis, medio constrictis. Pegu, in palude prope Wanet (3255).

*120. BuLBocH®TE INTERMEDIA, De Bary.

Pegu, Kya Eng (8195, 3203).

*121. BurtzsocHatTe Preaevana, Z., n. sp.

Dense intricata, repetite ramosissima, ramis alternis vel oppositis, sensim

attenuatis et setis longis, vix 1/1500 lin. crassis, terminatis ; articulis fili

primar ad 1/200 lin. crassi 2-3 plo, ramorum 1/300—1/500 lin. crassorum

5 plo et ultra longioribus ; oosporis ignotis. Pegu, Yoma centralis, ad rupes

calcareo-siliceas inter muscos in cacumine montis Kambala-toung, alt. 3200

ped. s. m. (8459).

ULOTHRICHACELL.

*122. ULorurix susriuis, Kg.

Pegu, Eng-ga-na (8242).

*123. ScHIZOGONIUM TENUISSIMUM, Z., n. sp.

Pallide flavo-virens, filis simplicibus 1/500—1/3875 lin. crassis, passim

ramellosis ; cellulis diametro duplo longioribus, gonidiis oblongis. Marta-

bania, in Chinchonz plantationibus, 3500 ped. altitudinis, in rivulo Opo-

choung, Shantounggyee (3142).

CHROOLEPIDEZL.

*124. CHROOLEPUS FLAVUM, Kg.

Yoma centralis, ad bambusarum culmos (8144).

var. filis tenuioribus, articulis longioribus, Ohr. flavi et elongati interme-

dium. -Yoma, ad arborum corticem frequens (38145).

190 G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, ce. [No. 3,

*125. CHROOLEPUS LAGENIFERUM, Hildebrand.

In lacu Rangoonensi, inter Confervam mequalem in aqua vadosa natans

(3243).

*126. CHRooterus umBrinum, Kg. (Protococcus ecrustaceus, Kg.).

Pegu, Yoma, Yaitho-choung, corticola, frequens (8148).

*127. CHROOLEPUS BOTRYOIDES, Z., n. sp.

Cespite siccitate pallide luteo, villoso, 2-3 lin. alto; filis flaccidis, ad

1/100 lin. crassis, leevibus; ramis subsecundis, divaricatis, attenuatis, apice

1/250 lin. ecrassis ; articulis diametro 14-2 plo longioribus ; spermatiis glo-

bosis, minutis, plerumque ad latera ramorum in cumulos botryomorphos

ageregatis. Pegu, Yoma, in cortice arborum (3147).

128. CHROOLEPUS CALAMICOLA, Z., n. sp.

Cespite intricato, viridi, (in sicco pallide lutescente) ; filis ramosis, ramis

attenuatis, subsecundis, divaricatis ; articulis infimis 1/120 lin. crassis, diame-- —

tro sesquilongioribus ; superioribus diametro (1/800 ad 1/180 lin.) 2-4plo

longioribus ; spermatiis plerumque lateralibus, raro terminalibus, sessili-

bus, globosis v. ellipticis, 1/180 lin. crassis, solitariis, v. seriatis. Supra

Rangoon, in silvis sempervirentibus in foliis Calami (8467).

*129. CHROOLEPUS ELONGATUM, Z., n. sp.

Cespitosum, siccitate flavo-cinereum, filis rectis, rigidis, 1/150 lin. cras-

sis, ramosis ; ramis secundis, valde elongatis, acuminatis, 1/300—1/225 lin.

erassis ; articulis primariis diametro duplo, ramorum 4-6 plo longioribus ;

spermatiis ignotis. Pegu, Yoma, Yaitho-choung,-in cortice arborum in syl-

vis sempervirentibus (3148).

*130. CHROOLEPUS FUSCO-ATRUM, Z., n. sp.

Strato tenui, crustaceo, fusco-atro (in siceo) ; filis brevibus, rectis, v.

parum curvatis, torulosis ; ramis divaricatis ; articulis fuscis, 1/400—1/300

lin. crassis, globosis, v. late ellipticis. Pegu, in valle Choungmenah (Kha-

boung) non procul a Tonghoo, in sylvis sempervirentibus (8469).

*131. CHrooterus Kurzu, Z., n. sp.

Semipollicare, viride, cespitosum, in fasciculos conicos dense implicatum,

fiis primariis ad 1/125 lin., ramorum ad 1/300 lin. crassis ; articulis diame-

tro 2-4plo (rarius pluries) longioribus ; ramis divaricatis, subsecundis ; sper-

matiis lateralibus, creberrimis, seriatis, sessilibus v. breviter petiolatis, initio

globosis, deinde crateriformibus, 1/250—1/60 lin. crassis. Pegu, Tonghoo,

Choungmenah-choung in sylvis sempervirentibus ad folia fruticum (preecipue

Alsodeie@) (8149).

1873] G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, &e. 191

*132. CHROOLEPUS TENUE, Z., n. sp.

Cespitulis exiguis, gregariis, aurantiacis, siccatis cinereis; filis primariis

1/375—1/800 lin. crassis, varie flexuosis ; ramis divaricatis, interdum recur-

vis, 1/500—1/400 lin. crassis ; articulis diametro equalibus, vel ad duplum

longioribus, torulosis ; spermatiis globosis, terminalibus et lateralibus. Chr.

abietino proximum, sed articulis omnibus plus minus inflatis, brevioribus et

tenuioribus distinguendum. Pegu, Elephant-point, in rhizophoretis ad cor-

ticem Sonneratie apetale frequens (3268).

CHATOPHORACEA.

*133, STIGEOCLONIUM TENUE, H., y. gracile, Kg.

Pegu, Beendau Eng in caulibus Polygoni (8141).

*134. StrigEocLonium Ranecoonicum Z., n. sp.

Cespite vix 13 lin. alto, dilute viridi, vel lutescente, dense implicato ;

filis primaris 1/375—1/250 lin. crassis ; ramis subdichotome secundis, ad

1/900 lin. crassitiem attenuatis, flaccidis ; articulis valde ineequalibus, dia-

metrum eequantibus torulosis, ad genicula leviter constrictis, vel cylindricis

et ea 2-6plo longioribus. In cisterna quadam oppidi Rangoon (3249).

*135. CHTOPHORA PISIFORMIS, Ag.

Pegu, Phounggyee in laculo ad radices submersas (8190) ; Prome,

Myitmakha-choung ad Gho-tau, in plantis aquaticis (3140).

*136. CHETOPHORA RADIANS, Keg,

Pegu, Kya Eng in radicibus (8198).

*137. CHETOPHORA TUBERCULOSA, Ko.

Pegu, in laculo inter Phounggyee et Kyauzoo (8245).

*138. CH#TOPHORA STRICTA, Z., n. sp.

Viridis, expansa, mollis, 1-2 lin. crassa ; filis internis repetite et dicho-

tome ramosis, strictis; ramis attenuatis, gracilibus, non piliferis ; articulis

oblongis, ad 1/350 lin. crassis, diametro 13-8plo longioribus. Pegu, Ka-

deng-choung at Natmadhee in ramis emortuis submersis (8281) ; Prome,

Khyee-thay, ad silices rivuli tenui aqua fluentis in flumine Irrawaddi (3186).

*139. GonGROoSIRA PyGMmA, Kg.

Forma ¢enwis, non ultra 1/180 lin. crassa. Rangoon, ad rudera lateri-

tia submersa (3250).

140. Gonerostra onusta, Z., n. sp.

Flavo-viridis, cespitibus confluentibus, lineam crassis ; filis e basi fibrosa

continua articulatis ; articulis diametro (1/150—1/100 lin.) 2—8plo longi-

oribus ; ramis numerosis, undique egredientibus, moniliformibus ; articulis

192 G. Zeller—On Burmese Alga, &c. [No. 8,

ramorum omnibus oogonia globosa, ad 1/125 lin. crassa, formantibus ;

oosporis fuscis, 1/250 lin. crassis. Pegu, Elephant-point secus littora in

truncis vetustis mundatis (3262).

CHANTRANSIEA.

*141. CHANTRANSIA ROSEOLA, Z., n. sp.

Cespitulis minutis, roseo-chalybeis ; filis 1/400—1/300 lin. crassis,

fastigiatim ramosis; ramis distantibus, erectis ; articulis diametro 4plo

longioribus. Pegu, Beendau Eng, in caulibus Polygoni (3141).

BATRACHOSPERMACE.

142. BatTrRacHOSPERMUM MONILIFORME, Roth.

Pegu, in gurgite profundo paludis prope Phoungyee, ad radices arborum

(3188).

HILDENBRANDTIACEA.

*143. HILDENBRANDTIA ARRACANA, Z., n. sp.

Incrustans, indeterminata, vage expansa, arctissune adnata, fusco-pur-

purea; cellulis 1/700—1/600 lin. crassis, obsolete angulosis, rotundatis,

absque ordine coacervatis. Arracan, Akyab in rupibus maritimis frequens,

(3282).

b, CERAMIEZ.

*144. GONGROCERAS RADICANS, Z., n. sp.

Capillare, repens, pollicare, apicibus rectis, vel parum curvatis, non

forcipatis ; filis intricatis, subpectinatis, vel repetite dichotomis, radicanti-

bus ; radiculis numerosis e parti inferiori egredientibus, continuis, vel articu-

latis; articulis cylindricis, diametro nunc 13-2plo longioribus, nunc ei

eequalibus, supremis brevioribus ; zonis superioribus confluentibus ; tetracho-

carplis plerumque infra apices ramorum verticillatim dispositis. Pegu,

Elephant-point in rhizophoretis ad radices truncosque arborum inundatos,

(8274). ;

HALYMENTIEL.

*145. CATENELLA OPUNTIA, Grev.

Pegu, Elephant-point, frequens in rhizophoretis et secus littora in

truncis vetustis inundatis, (8265).

. GELIDIEZ.

146. AcROcARPUS INTRICATUS, Kg. (Gelidiwm, Kg., Spherococcus,

Ag.).

Arracan, Akyab in rupibus marinis, (8279).

Se? Cl

—————— sl lO

1873.] G. Zeller—On Burmese Algae, Se. 193

POLYSIPHONIEZ.

*147, PoLYSIPHONIA suBADUNCA, Kg., major, ramis crebrioribus,

minus strictis.

Pegu, Elephant-point, in rhizophoretis frequens, (3274).

*148. Bostrycnuta rnrricata, Mont.

Pegu, Elephant-point, in rhizophoretis frequens, (8263).

*149,. BosTRYCHIA RIVULARIS, Harv.

Pegu, Elephant-point, in rhizophoretis ad arborum radices, (3271).

DELESSERIELZA.

*150. Hypoatossum BENGALENSE, Mart.

Pegu, Elephant-point, in truncis vetustis inundatis ad littora satis

frequens, (8266).

*151. Hypoetossum Leprievrit, Kg.

Pegu, Elephant-point, in rhizophoretis frequens, (3270).

APPENDIX.

CyHarace® Burmanicm,* determined by Dr. A. Braun, Professor of

Botany in Berlin.

1. Nrrecia Roxsurenti, A. Br.

Pegt, Kya Eng, (3295).

2. NIvTELLA MicRoGLocHIN, A. Br. sp. v. subsp. nov. JV. oligospue

proxima.

Arracan, in valle Koladyne in stagno quodam silvatico.

3. N. oniaosprra, A. Br.

Pegu, Kya Eng, (3294).

4, CHara Gymnopitys, A. Br.

Arracan, frequentissima in oryzetis inundatis vallis Kolodyne, (1964).

* It may not, I think, be uninteresting to insert at this opportunity the few

Characee, which have as yet been found in Burma. Iam indebted to. Prof. A,

Braun who obligingly sent me the list a long time ago, for the names of the species.

(S. Kurz.)

PLL PA Ld dt tt

oy |

194 [No, 3,

On THE Preroprp® oF InpIA AND ITS ISLANDS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS

oF New or Lirrte Kyown Srecres,—by G, E. Dozson, B. A., M. B.,

Staff Surgeon, H. Ms British Forces.

(With Plate XIV.)

[Read July 5th, received July 18th, 1873.]

Although Dr. W. Peters has done so much towards clearing up the

synonymy of the Péeropide as well as of other families of Chiroptera, much

yet remains to be done before a correct list of the species can be obtained.

The state of confusion into which the species of this family have fallen,

in common with most species of Chiroptera, is mainly due to the great

imperfection of the original descriptions, from many of which it is impossi-

ble to recognise the family to which the species belongs.* This imperfection

in description has arisen chiefly from the general ignorance respecting the

Order which has prevailed amongst Zoologists, who seem to have shared the

vulgar antipathy to these animals, if we may judge from the small amount of

attention they have received, and also from the want of proper material in

the Museums. Most of the Pteropide being large bats, and therefore unlike-

ly to be preserved by collectors in spirit, have been described from dried speci-

mens, and this also has added much to the imperfection of the description.

Much work, therefore, remains to be done both in obtaining well-pre-

served duplicates, in comparing them with the type specimens, and in

producing from them descriptions from which it may be possible for natura-

lists in general to determine the species.

If the species of the genus Pteropus, as given by Drs. Peters and

Gray,f be enumerated, there will be found to be not less than fifty.

The distribution of these fifty species is as follows :—

Continent of India and Burma, PP ey a 1

Malay Archipelago, ........ Reet maRle Step ia ale SE dee 25

China, Japan, and Loo-choo Islands, ......................4. 4

Solomon Islands ; New Caledonia; New Hebrides; Fiji

Islands ; Marianne and Viti Islands, ...............6..... 9

Avibtralia yo... ssn stengatae sa ceaulug sie Otis Geen ee eee nai 5

Africa and ‘its Islands, We. scccc ters can cos sncleee eee eee 6

* Thus Dr. J. H. Gray remarks (P. Z.S. Lond., 1866, p. 148)—‘* The generic charac.

ters of Aello, as given by Dr. Leach, occupy nearly a page of a quarto book, and yet no

one has been able to discover the genus. One could not have a more convincing

proof that it is not mere length of character that is required to define a genus.”

+ See Peters in Monatsh. Berlin Akad., 1867 1,P- 323, and Gray’s Catalogue of

Monkeys, Lemurs and Fruit-eating Bats, 1870.

Gan tin

_ G.E.DOBSON. Journ: As: Soc: Bengal, Vol. XLII, Pt. I, 1873.

1. Pteropus medius. 2. Pt. nicobaricus. 3. Pt. edulis,

4. Cynopterus marginatus. 5. C. marginatus,var. andamanensis.

0. C. sherzeri. 7. C. brachysoma.8.Cynonycteris amplexicaudata.

9. C. mmor. 10.Eonycteris spelea. ll. Macroglossus minimus.

12. Vespertilio murinoides. 138.V. murinus. 144.Murina eyclotis.

1873.} G. E. Dobson—On the Pteropide of India. 195

It is very remarkable that, supposing the localities to be correct or

approximately so, one half of the whole number of species is distributed

among the small islands of the Malay Archipelago, while a single species—

Pieropus medius—is the sole representative, hitherto discovered, of the

genus in the Continent of India and Burma.

That a large proportion of the species should be found in the Malay

Archipelago and adjoining Islands might be expected, as these animals like

monkeys can live only where a constant supply of fruit is attainable through-

out the whole year, but the same conditions obtain in the greater part of

the Peninsula of India, and especially in Equatorial Africa, yet scarcely one-

seventh of the whole number has been found in these regions.

The. Malay Archipelago is, therefore, either the original and special

home of the genus from which a few species have wandered into’ India and

Africa, or many species remain undiscovered in the latter countries, and

probably many of the so-called species which go to make up the large

number from Malayana have been founded on insufficient grounds.

I have not the least doubt that the real number of species is much less

than that recorded, and that many described as new by Temminck and

others will, with the accession of additional and more perfectly preserved

specimens to the collections hitherto available in our Museums, be found

referable to a few really distinct species. This may be especially expected

in the case of those species that have been founded on differences in the

colour of the fur, which appears to have been regarded by some zoologists

as of equal importance with the colour of the feathers in birds.

I have elsewhere* dwelt at some length on the variability of the colour

of the fur in many species of bats, and have shown that, in the Pteropi

especially, individuals belonging to the same species present very different

shades of colour according to sex age and season, and probably also, but in

a less degree, according to locality.

Differences in the form of the skull and in the teeth have been also

used to distinguish the species, but these, though of the greatest importance,

are not satisfactory, if alone available as a means of diagnosis, for it should,

surely, be possible to distinguish the species of a given vertebrate animal

without first finding it necessary to kill and make a skeleton of it.

It is, therefore, desirable that, in the description of species, certain

external characters may be given from which the living animal can be

known, and these, I believe, may be found in the shape and relative size of

the ears, and in the quality and distribution of the fur. -

Tn all the Chiroptera, we find one or more of the organs of special sense

greatly developed to supplement or, in some genera, almost wholly replace

the visual organs (which in most cases are very rudimentary or, where

* Beoeteval. Soc. of London, 1873.

196 G. E. Dobson—On the Pteropide of India. [No. 3,

moderately developed, can be of little use owing to the nocturnal habits of

the animals), and this development varies remarkably according to family,

genus, and species. |

Thus the peculiar form of the nose-leaf taken with the shape of the

ears at once characterises the Rhinolophide, and each species of the family

may be distinguished by secondary modifications of these organs alone.

And in those families of bats where the nostrils are not furnished with

appendages, the form and relative size of the ear will generally be found to be

the most important characters for readily and accurately determining the

species, and, next to and with these, the quality and distribution of the fur.

I shall employ this principle of diagnosis in the following descriptions

of the species of Frugivorous Bats known to inhabit Continental India and

Burma, and the Islands of the Bay of Bengal.

Genus I.—Prerropvs, Brisson.

Nostrils projecting ; upper lip with a vertical groove in front bounded

laterally by naked prominences ; index finger with a distinet claw, metacar-

pal bone of second finger shorter than the index finger ; wings from the sides

of the hairy back ; wing-membrane attached to the back of the first phalanx

of the second toe; tail none.

Dentition :—in. 4 eat. = ; pm. = ; Mm. —

A.—Lars acutely pointed.

Preropus MEpivus. Pl. XIV, Fig. 1.

Pteropus medius, Temminck, Monog. Mammal., I, p. 176.

44 edwardsii, (in part) Geoff., Ann. du Mus., vol. xv., p. 92.

mi leucocephalus, Hodgson, Journ, As. Soc. Beng., iv., p. 699.

% assamensis, McClelland, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., vii., p. 148.

Ears long, with acutely pointed tips, the upper third of the outer

margin concave beneath the tip; in fully grown individuals the longest

diameter of the opening of the external ear, from the point of junction of

the outer and inner margins below to the tip, measures one inch and a

half.*

Nostrils projecting, with a deep intervening emargination; upper lip

with a narrow vertical groove in front bounded laterally by naked rounded.

prominences continuous with the integument of the nostrils,

* The length of the ear (anteriorly) as given in the tables of measurements

accompanying this paper (and also wherever mentioned in previous papers) has been

determined by measuring the distance between the termination of the outer margin

below and the tip. The breadth has been ascertained by means of a string passed

round the ear posteriorly from the inner to the outer margin.

—— ae ee eS ee

— 1873.) G. E. Dobson—On the Pteropide of India. 197

The ears are naked except at the bases posteriorly, and a narrow

triangular portion covered with short hairs terminating towards the middle

of the outer margin; anteriorly, the anterior flattened edge of the inner

side of the conch is covered from the base upwards for about one-third of the

length of the ear.

The face is naked in front of a line joining the inner angles of the eyes,

and on either side of the naked space (which corresponds to the position of

the nasal bones) a few long fine hairs arise from separate papille. The furis

rather dense and moderately long on the back of the head, neck, and shoulders,

but short and appressed on the back, narrowing to about two inches in width

across the loins. A narrow line of short fur passes outwards on to the wing

membrane posterior to the humerus for rather more than half its length ;

the elbow is quite naked, but a few short hairs cover a narrow portion of

the wing-membrane, about one inch and a half long, posterior to the forearm.

The femur, and the interfemoral membrane as far as a line corresponding to

the position of the semi-circular band on the under surface of the membrane

are covered ; the tibiew are naked, or have only a few very short hairs; the

feet are quite devoid of hair.

On the under surface, the whole body is well covered; the antebrachial

membrane is similarly covered as far as a line drawn from the knee to a

point about one inch posterior to the elbow joint, therice the hair passes

outwards on the wing-membrane posterior to the forearm, terminating at

about the beginning of the distal third of the radius. The thighs are

covered, the legs and inter-femoral membrane are quite naked.

The nape of the neck and the shoulders are usually reddish yellow or

golden yellow or pale straw colour, but every shade of these colours has

been observed, the different colours and intermediate shades appearing to

depend on sex, age, season, or locality. The darker shades are usually found

in females.

The chest and upper part of the abdomen are either of the same colour

as the nape of the neck or of a darker hue. ‘The remainder of the fur black

or dark brown often mixed with grayish hairs.

The fur of the neck is coarser and longer than that covering other parts

of the body. In most male specimens a circular tuft of rigid unctuous hairs,

of a deep reddish yellow colour, is found on each side of the neck, situated

midway between the base of the ear and the origin of the ante-humeral

portion of the wing-membrane from the shoulder. In a large male obtained

near Calcutta, these tufts occupy a space one inch in diameter, and the hairs

composing them measure about one-third of an inch in length.

Hab.—India generally, from Kachh to Burma, and from the Himalaya

to Ceylon.

To this section of the genus belongs Pt. edulis, Péron et Lesueur, from

198 G. E. Dobson—On the Pteropide of India. [No. 3,

Java and Sumatra, which has been reported from Tenasserim,* and may

probably be found in the Nicobar Islands. This species, the largest of

known bats, may be readily distinguished from Pt. medius by its ears, and

by the distribution and quality of the fur. The ears are proportionately

shorter and narrower than in the Indian species, and the concavity of the

upper third of the outer margin is much less distinct. Ina specimen from

Java, in the Indian Museum, the ears are about the same length as in the

most adult specimen of Pt. medius, while its forearm exceeds that of the

latter species by more than two inches, and the tibia by an inch and a half.

Compared with Pt. medius the light coloured portion of the fur extends further

down upon the shoulders, and the breadth across the loins occupied by hair is

proportionately much greater: this is well seen when specimens of equal

size are compared, the breadth of the fur in this position in the not fully

erown Pt. edulis being nearly, if not quite, double that in the adult

Pt. medius. Elsewhere the distribution of the fur is similar in both

species, but the hair on the wing-membranes and legs is conspicuously much

longer in Pt. edulis.

B.—FEars rounded at the tip.

PrEeROPUS NicoBaRicus. Pl. XIV, Fig. 2.

Pteropus nicobaricus, Fitzinger, Sitzungsb, Wien. Akad., 1860, p. 389, nomen nu-

dum.

- melanotus, Blyth, Cat. Mammal. Mus, As. Soc. Beng., 1863, p. 20, nom.

nudum.

+; nicobaricus, Zelebor, Reise der Oester. Freg. ‘ Novara,’ Siugethiere, 1868,

a pied Be ie

Kars rounded off at the tip, their breadth nearly equal to their length ;

the upper third of the outer margin slightly flattened, not concave, the lower

two-thirds convex ; in fully grown individuals the longest diameter of the

opening of the external ear, from the point of junction of the outer and

inner margins below to the tip, scarcely exceeds one inch.

The distribution of the fur of the body is similar to that of Pt. medius,

but the hair on the wing-membrane is very much shorter.

In some male specimens the colour of the fur also corresponds very

closely with that of P¢. medius ; generally, however, the lighter coloured por-

tions of fur on the nape of the neck, and on the shoulders and chest, are of a

deeper hue than in the latter species, usually dark ferruginous red or chest-

nut ; females and young males are commonly intensely black throughout ; in

some female specimens the position of the light-coloured tippet in the male

is indicated by a reddish tinge.

* A very badly preserved dried skin of an immature specimen of some species of

Pteropus, in the Indian Museum, has been identified by Mr. Blyth with Pt. edulis, and

the locality ‘ Tenasserim’ recorded in his Catalogue. The specimen is in such a very

bad condition I am able neither to confirm nor to correct Mr. Blyth’s identification.

1873.) G. E. DobsonOn the Pteropide of India. 199

- The skull differs from that of P¢. medius in being shorter, wider across

the maxillary and nasal bones, and in having nearly all its processes and

Yidges much more strongly defined. The distance between the small ante-

rior upper premolars exceeds that in Pt. medius by one-tenth of an inch.

The foramen ovale is divided in the centre by a process of bone, in F¢#.

medius it is undivided. A post-orbital process of the zygomatic arch is pre-

sent, though not so well developed as in Pt. medius.

The mandible is shorter and its rami deeper than in Pt. medius; the

coronoid process is more developed vertically, its posterior margin is nearly

straight, not deeply concave, and its superior angle is narrowly, not broadly

rounded off as in the latter species.

The teeth are stouter in Pé. nicobaricus but their general characters

are the same in both species.*

Hab.—Andaman and Nicobar Islands, probably Java also. An old

dried specimen in the Indian Museum is labelled Java, but not numbered

in Blyth’s Catalogue.

Neither Fitzinger nor Blyth described this species, though they invent-

ed names for it. Zelebor’s description occupies nearly two pages of a quarto

book, and very careful measurements of the original specimen are given, yet,

as his description is taken from a young individual and contains few really

diagnostic characters, I was unable to feel certain that specimens obtained

by me last year from the Andamans and Nicobars should be referred to this

species. But Dr. Peters has lately, at my request, very kindly compared some

specimens sent to him from the Indian Museum with the type specimens of

Pt. nicobaricus in the Vienna Museum. He informs me that they agree in

the form of the ear and feet. With this additional information I feel no

hesitation in referrmg the specimen from which the above description is

taken, to that species.

Pteropus medius. Pteropus nicobaricus. A eae

g a ae elo

~~ 2 = F g ‘

eV By a Soe) sp | earn pe

ed ook babi aee eel, te > tbe

3 rs) 3 3 3 3 g 3 ? ge 3

Length, head and body, ...........s.sesesee: 9.0| ... | 7.5 | 9.0 [10.5 10.5 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 9.8 | 9.0 | 18.0

” ER i ee ene 3.1 | 8.15} 2.75) 3.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 3.0} 38.0, 2.9/)}2.8) S.5

i Cae (AUCOLIOVLY),: <<cacicon dose te soces: 1.5 | 1.40) 1.45] 1.5 | 1.45) 1.05) 1.05) 1.1 | 1.05) 1.05) 1.5

RN COR 0555 one. scuesecpsasisaghs ta -eacineds 0.85} ... | 0.8 | 0.8] 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 0.75

Length, from ear to tip of nostril, ......... 9.7| ... | 2.4| 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.65] 2.45] 2.5 | 2.35] 2.35] 2.8

“F from eye to tip of nostril, ......... 1.3 | °... | Le1 | 1.15) 1.2 | 1.15) 1.15) 1.10} 1.15) 1.05) 1.2

> PIS i, sno Svetaniesbadetnduates 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.0 } 6.2 | 6.38 | 6.5 | 5.8|5.9/5.8)} 5.4) 8.5

99 IS $e ns cou tad canccatastigiiaete ee 9.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.65) 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.35) 3.0

Err SOGOEAA INSET, \..:<5caissoeaconcesacus 12.5 |13.5 (11.5 11.8 |11.9 |12.5 |11.0 |10.5 [11.6 [11.5 | 16.0

Ri SOGREM ANTE, occ sshcspeesonsessensos 8.5 | 8.5'| 7.8 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 7.4] 7-8 | 7-8 | 8.0 | 10.5

¥ WAM 8 Tut cove caaahcaptioconaseeoten 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.6)2.6 | 4.0

Ber HOOMONG CIAWA, ..cccscessuraecsarers 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.0] 2.0 | 2.0/1.7 | 2.0|2.0}2.0 | 2.4

” GUND | iicé skid cugovensavbovanesds 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.85) 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.65) 0.85) ... | 0.75) 1.5

* For the dentition of the genus Pteropus see De Blainville, Ostéographie,

200 G. E. Dobson—On the Pteropide of India. [No. 3,

Genus II.—Cynoprervs,* F. Cuvier.

Nostrils projecting ; upper lip with a vertical groove in front, bounded

laterally by naked prominences ; index finger with a distinct claw ; metacar-

pal bone of second finger exceeding slightly in length the index finger ; wings

Jrom the sides of the hairy back, wing-membrane attached to the base of the

Jirst toe ; tail short, distinct.

eel 2-2 8 9-9

De Sei met sO Satta gn) eee

ntition :—in. G7 OF 5 PM Sas mh

CYNOPTERUS MARGINATUS. Pl. XIV, Fig. 4.

Pteropus marginatus, Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus. xiv, p. 97.

mM pyrivorus, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1836, p. 36.

Cynopterus afinis, Gray, Cat. Mammal., 1850, xix, p. 38.

Eleutherura marginata, Gray, Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs and Fruit- -eating

Bats, 1870, p. 118.+

Ears large, rounded at the tip, with a slight but distinct concavity of

the outer margin immediately beneath the tip; both the outer and inner

margins are bordered with white ; the white border along the inner margin

is about one-twelfth of an inch wide, and contrasts strongly with the dark

brown colour of the ear ; the outer margin terminates below without forming

a lobe at the base.

Nostrils projecting, with a deep intervening emargination. The upper

lip marked in the centre, as in Pteropus, with a narrow vertical groove

bounded laterally by naked rounded prominences continuous with the integ-

ument of the nostrils.

The ears are naked posteriorly except at their bases ; anteriorly, a few

hairs appear on the conch along the outer side of the white border of the

inner margin of the ear, and, similarly, along the inner side of the white

border of the outer margin. On the upper surface, the fur of the back

extends upon the wing-membrane nearly as far as a line joining the elbow

and knee joints, also, thinly, upon the humerus, the femur, and proximal end

of the tibia. Beneath, the antebrachial membrane is covered with moder-

* T have placed the genus Cynopterus next Pteropus as I believe it presents more

affinities with that genus than any of the other genera of Pteropide. The species of

these genera agree very closely in the form of the nostrils and of the narrow emargi-

nation on the upper lip bounded by naked prominences, In Cynonycteris this emargi-

nation is wide and deep with slanting sides, altogether very different from the same

part in Pteropus. In habit also the species of Cynopterus and Pteropus perfectly

agree ; they are all strictly frugivorous bats and live in trees, while the species of

Cynonycteris are commonly found in caves, and I have been informed that a colony of

C. amplexicaudata living near the sea were seen to feed on Mollusca left exposed

by the tide.

+ For a complete list of synonyms of this species see Peters in Monatsh, Berlin

Akad., 1867, p. 866, and 1869, p. 395.

‘

;

1873.] G. E. Dobson—On the Pteropide of India. 201

ately long thinly spread hairs, and the wing-membrane is clothed to about

the same extent as on the upper surface, the hairs also passing outwards in

a narrow band posterior to the forearm. The colour of the fur is extremely

variable, dark brown, reddish-brown, snuff-brown or olive-brown, sometimes

with a bluish tinge throughout.

The first upper premolar is minute, and in the centre of the space be-

tween the canine and second premolar ; the second premolar is about equal

to the lower canine in vertical extent.

CYNOPTERUS MARGINATUS, var. ANDAMANENSIS. Pl. XIV, Fig. 5.

This is, I believe, a permanent variety of C. marginatus. It is readily

distinguished by the small size of the ears which are similarly margined with

white. The relative size is very well shown in the accompanying illustra-

tion.

Specimens of young individuals of C. marginatus from Bengal with fore-

arm bones nearly half an inch shorter than specimens of adult animals of

this variety from the Andamans have considerably larger ears.

CYNOPTERUS SHERZERI. Pl. XIV, Fig. 6.

Pachysoma sherzeri, Fitzinger, Sitzungs. Wien, Akad., 1860, p. 389, (nom. nudum).

Cynopterus marginatus, var. Pachysoma Sherzeri, Zelebor, Reise der Oester. Freg.

‘Novara,’ Saiugethiere, p. 11, 1868.

This species, like Pteropus nicobaricus, was named but not described by

Fitzinger, and Zelebor regards it as a variety only of C. marginatus. It is

at once distinguished from that species by its small and narrow ears which

are also not margined with white. When adult specimens of C. marginatus

and of this species are compared together, the difference in the size and shape

of the ears is very striking.

The muzzle is thicker, and the colour of the fur much darker than in

any specimen of C. marginatus.

Zelebor mentions that the ears of the specimens obtained at Car-Nico-

bar are margined with white, but I have been unable to detect even the

slightest trace of a white border in the ears of several specimens exa-

mined by me. Therefore, either Zelebor has been mistaken, or the white

bordering of the ears is not a constant character in this species, or I have

wrongly identified the species here described with C. sherzeri. But al-

though it is quite impossible to identify the species here described with that

obtained during the Novara Expedition at Car-Nicobar Island from Zele-

bor’s description (which consists merely of some unimportant remarks on

the colours of the fur, wing-membrane, and eyes), yet as the animals which

furnished the above description were taken not only at the same island—

Car-Nicobar—but also from the same place on that island, namely, from

the leaves of the cocoa-nut palms, I think it highly probable that they

202 GE. Dobson—On the Pteropide of India. [No. 3,

belong to the same species, and, accordingly, to avoid the possibility of

introducing a fresh synonym, I have retained Fitzinger’s name.

CYNOPTERUS BRACHYSOMA. Pl. XIV, Fig. 7.

Cynopterus brachysoma, Dobson, Journ, A. 8. B., 1871, p. 260.

I have little to add to my original description of this species.

The ears are much rounded off above, and the upper third of the outer

margin is straight or slightly convex ; the presence of a rounded lobe at the

base of the outer margin at once distinguishes this species. |

The difference in the measurements of the breadth of the ear given with

the original description and in the table below is due to the measurement

having been taken in the former case across the concavity of the ear, ante-

riorly ; in the latter, by means of a string round the convexity, posteriorly.

Genus I]I.—Cynonycreris, Peters.

Nostrils projecting ; upper lip with a wide groove in front with smooth

not elevated margins ; index finger with a distinct claw; metacarpal bone of

second finger exceeding, or equalling, the index finger in length ; wings from.

the sides of the hairy back ; wing-membrane from the base of the second toe ;

tail short, distinct.

Dentition :—in. =; G. — 5 pm. —s3 m. =

CYNONYCTERIS AMPLEXICAUDATA. Pl. XIV, Fig. 8.

Pteropus amplexicaudatus, Geoff. Ann. du Mus., Vol. xv, p. 96,

3 Leschenaultu, Desmarest, Mammal., p. 110.

» amplenicaudatus, Temm., I, p. 200.

» seminudus, Kelaart, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., xxi, p. 345.

» Leschenaultii, Blyth, Cat, Mammal, Mus. As, Soc. Beng., p. 21.

Head long, triangular ; upper lip with a wide groove directly continu-

ous with the emargination between the nostrils, the edges of the groove

smooth, not thickened as in Pferopus or Cynopterus ; ears moderate, trian-

gular, rounded at the tip, the upper half of the outer margin straight, the

lower half convex. ay.

Posteriorly the ears are naked except at their bases, anteriorly the conch

is covered with a few very short fine hairs. The fur of the body extends

upon the humerus and upon the fleshy part of the forearm, the remaining

part to the carpus has only a few very fine hairs. The portion of the back

and wing-membrane covered with fur across the loins is not more than an

inch in breadth. The interfemoral membrane is densely covered with hair

at the root of the tail, and on either side as far as lines drawn from the knee

joints to the base of the free portion of the tail ; the remaining portion, the

legs and a considerable part of the wing-membrane beyond, are clothed with

short, thinly-spread fur which extends along the wing membrane and legs

eee = a ae eer

a a

SS ee ae a ae ee

1873.) G. E. Dobson—On the Pteropide of India. Se. 908

to the back of the feet. Beneath, the ante-humeral membrane is clothed

with rather long thinly-spread fur, and the wing-membrane is similarly

covered as far as a line drawn from the knee to a point about half an inch

posterior to the elbow, whence the fur extends outwards to the carpus. The

interfemoral membrane, the legs, and the feet are covered with a few very

short hairs.

First upper premolar minute, equally distant from the canine and second

premolar ; second premolar exceeding lower canine in vertical extent; first

lower premolar small, less than half the size of the second premolar ; second

premolar nearly equal to lower canine in vertical extent.

Hab.—From the Persian Gulf to the Philippine Islands. Bengal ;

Southern India; Ceylon; Burma; Celebes; Amboyna; Timor; Aru Is-

lands.

CYNONYCTERIS MINOR, n. sp. Pl. XIV, Fig. 9.

Ears smaller and much narrower than in C. amplesxicaudata; muzzle

also proportionately shorter.

The minute first upper premolar is closely wedged in between the canine

and second premolar; in C. amplexicaudata it is siege |e by a narrow

interval from both these teeth.

The distribution of the fur is somewhat similar to that of OC. amplemai-—

cauadtus, but it is much shorter on the wing-membrane and almost absent

from the backs of the tibiz, from the adjoining portions of wing-membrane,

and from the feet.

Hab.—Java.

Cynopterus. Cynonycteris.

C. mar- | C, andama- |C. deb: | C. bra-

E 4 L C. amplexi- | C,

ginatus, nensis, eri, jchysoma.

caudatus, -|minor,

ES | |

FE |

elebe terete aape

41/5}8|/28\28)e-heo-e +e 4

2/3/88 Sls ls =| E |

O2i|ala|alala 3 S 0 J

aifiatalals)a4\| 3 eee oe el

SO Le sat Lele (ms |-O <q = a ar)

obs PP Te LSS S : 3 i) g

Length, head and body, .,.....sssesssereesevees 4.4/3.9 |8.7 |8.3 [3.4 |8.75/3.7 | 2.9 4.1 | 4.8 | 8.7

SRE RRR eS ae 0.4/0.6 |0.4 |0.35,0.4 0.55/0.55| 0.25 10.65 | 0.65 | 0.45

ee | N Sas Pa k 9 eh WEE ea 1.5)1.5/1.4 |1.3 |1.4 |1.25)1.3 1,25 91.7 1.7 | 1.55

a 1 CRY (anteriorly), UR eae ie 1.0| 0.9/0.7 |0.7 |0.68:0.6 |0.63) 0.6 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.68

BRIRIISOO AD), A orice ss scend-tonsstedoccuretsssdes 0.6/0.6 |0.4 |0.4 |0.4 (0.3 10.382) 0.4 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.35

Length, from ear to tip of nostril, ......... wee | 1.2 ]1.15/1.0 |1.15/1.0 {1.05} 1.0 1.4 [1.4 | 1.3

» from eye to tip of nostril, ......... ... |0.5/0.5 10.48 0.48 0.45]0.45| 0.4 0.65 | 0.6 | 0.45

te DONTIR, oo. ccossbdesseventdvvessense voeee 13-0] 2.9 (2.6 |2.6 [2-8 (2.7 12.7 2.2 3.2 | 3.15 | 2.8

Be ADS 55) cs Me haceiec sues Piesdecvashe 1.1/1.1/1.0 |0.951.0 [1.0 1.0} 0.9 |1.25]1.0 | 0.9

SB) A Re ee 5.0| 4.9/4.7 |4.2 [4.7 [4.7 |4.75) 4.0 5.4 | 5.2 | 4.4

oA MERE NO sec ucsiudbvoteretberadisanse 8.7| 3.5 |38.3 |3.1 (8.5 13.4 |3.5 3.0 8.7 | 3.9 18.38

3 MNES Gait V Deas cunt dse ecbuR xxv eet xuedy ¢ 1.1)1.1]1.0 |0.95)1-05,1.0 |1.0 0.8 1.385 | 1.4 | 1.05

re TOO AUG CIAWHG cc ccccocscdiosactboceces 0.7/0.7 |0.6 \0-55.0-6 (0.6 |0.6 0.5 1.0 | 0.85 | 0.75

204 G. E. Dobson—On the Pteropide of India. [No. 3,

Genus IV.—EonycrTeris, (nov.)

Nostrils not projecting ; upper lip with a shallow vertical groove im

front; index finger without a claw ; thumb short, part of terminal phalana

included in the wing-membrane ; metacarpal bone of second finger equal to

the index finger in length; wings from the sides of the hairy back ; wing-

membrane from the base of the first toe ; tail short, distinct.

Bee ie lek, «ee oi

CNUULLON :-—MN. 4? C. ERR : 33° raat

First upper premolar minute.

Eonycteris sPELmA. Pl. XIV, Fig. 10.

Macroglossus speleus, Dobson, Journ, A. 8. B., 1871, p. 261, pl. x, fig. 3, 4.

When first describing this species, I placed it in the genus Jacroglos-

sus on account of its very close resemblance to MZ. minimus, the type of that

genus, in the form, number and arrangement of the teeth. Subsequently,

however, in the MS. of a ‘ Catalogue of Chiroptera in the Indian Museum’

IT placed it in a separate subgenus ‘ Honycteris’ on account of the very differ-

ent attachment of the wing-membrane to the foot and sides. Lately, Dr.

Peters writes to me that he is convinced, after a very careful examination

of specimens sent to him from the Indian Museum, that the differences.exist-

ing between this species and JZ. minimus are of generic importance, and

require the formation of a new genus for its reception.

Since I described this species in 1871 I have come to regard the denti-

tion of the Chiroptera ‘as of less importance in their classification than many

other characters. I believe that, although the teeth of MMacroglossus mini-

mus and Honycteris spelea correspond very closely, these species yet present

many structural differences of more than subgeneric importance, and I agree

with Dr. Peters that the latter species should be placed in a separate genus.

I have, accordingly, raised my subgenus ‘ Honycteris’ to the rank of a dis-

_ tinct genus of Pteropide.

Genus V.—Macroetossvs, F. Cuvier.

Nostrils not projecting, upper lip not grooved in front ; index finger with

a distinct claw ; thumb moderate ; metacarpal bone of second finger equal to,

or longer than, index finger ; wings from the sides, their points of attachment

separated by a considerable interval from the spine: wing-membrane from

the base of the fourth toe ; tail very short.

Dentition :—in. : 3 C. — ; pm. asi mM. ris

;

— 1873.] G. E. Dobson—On a new species of Vespertilio. 205

First upper premolar nearly equal in size to the second.

Macroenossus mryimvus. Pl. XIV, Fig. 11.

Pteropus minimus, Geoff. Ann. du Mus., xv, p. 97.

Macroglossus minimus, Temminck, Monogr, de Mammal., I, p. 191.

Pteropus rostratus, Horsfield, Zool, Researches in Java,

This species is so well-known, and has been redescribed so carefully by

Temminck, that no further description of it is here necessary.

It is found in abundance in the deep warm valleys about Darjiling.

It extends from India through Burma to the Malay Archipelago.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF VESPERTILIO FROM THE Nortu-

Western Himataya,—by G. E. Dozson, B. A., M. B.

VESPERTILIO MURINOIDES, n. sp., Pl. XIV, Fig. 12.

This species is closely allied to V. murinus of Europe, from which,

however, it is readily distinguished by the following characters :—

The general form of the ear is triangular, with narrow rounded tips:

the inner margin is very famtly convex, almost straight, in its upper third,

and the outer margin is concave beneath the tip, the remaining portion con-

vex with a faint concavity opposite the base of the tragus.

In V. murinus the inner margin of the ear is strongly convex from the

base to the tip, the concavity of the outer margin beneath the tip is very

feeble, and there is a distinct emargination, almost angular, opposite the

base of the tragus, succeeded by a well-developed terminal lobe ; the general

form of the ear is, moreover, oval, not triangular.

The tragus is slender and acutely pointed, with a quadrangular lobe at

the base of its outer margin. In V. murinus the tragus is subacutely point-

ed, and the lobe at the base of the tragus is remarkably small.*

The fur is dark brown above, with light brown tips; beneath, dark

brown, almost black, with grayish tips.

The first upper premolar is very small, scarcely visible from without, .

and not much larger than the second. In V. murinus this tooth is.

distinctly visible from without and much larger than the second premolar.

The specimen (an adult female preserved in spirit) from which the

above description is taken, was obtained at Chamba, at an elevation of about -

3000 feet, by H. McLeod Hutchison, Esq., H. M.’s 14th Regiment.

* The relative shape and size of the ears and tragi of V. murinus and V, mwri-

noides are well shown in Pl, XIV, figs. 12, 13.

206 G. E. Dobson—On a new species of Vespertilio.

A dried specimen in the Indian Museum, labelled V. murinus, belongs 7

also to this species. It is said in Blyth’s Catalogue to have been sent from

Masuri by Captain Hutton. The measurements of both specimens compar-

ed with those of V. murinus, L. from Europe are as follows :—

V. murinoides. V. murinus.

3 g 3 ¢

Menwth: headand body ie ar ce, seme ees che cos vans cjone cqueenaueme ceabenen seas 2.7 2.5 2.7 3.0

- UL REARS one Sins ne Bare et” OA hes int NN OA Red omen, ty Me aes 2°1 2.1 1.9 2.3

a LUCE RN Aas Ate OR nt. A a De Saree an Se a ere 0.95 0.9 1.05 p Ie

> ear; (anteriorly) Fees y. Caees Birth ales piece debaus eae eoeechaevet ie 0.8 0.85 1.0 1.0

BPORUS A OUbLOsy acceet aac Sakon cere cren, «Merced ts eae os saat ores peltacyuaessae ober oaect 0.58 0.75 0.75

BSNOAMUDS CLUUOs crn tresecs tose acan eueon eee et eoe tetas corensvecboncatersacennens crete eae nee Na 0.1 0.12 0.12

TOM PU LOTCAII, 1 555 tay Sa cs dee his oe tees SR eae ae cuchatoeaboscvoeeneevect: 2.2 2.1 2.25 2.5

ay 11) C2056 SPARE Ge oh ea =. Sete SB EAL BRO CP Ree nny rege meee ON: ee 0.4 0.5 0.5

3 BROOM HAP O, yi ccacs col pean aah sas evat smapan twos eae Repti cet cod 8.75 3.4 3.8 4.3

3 POTENGI EO goo) oo 58, cina'c da he Mes See ab as Bain cob aacy eeeab brats iehen Saad 2.8 2.8 2.65 Sis

~ EADS yess hecho veee ne cetera Mau rios chai wasuleloas oper Sec baer eee teen 0.9 0.9 0.95 1.05

i CAlcaneum s ei.c5, 7 Bache chcs.. SAM ben soiiesoeter cudacecestestmeeehenpeeeatet 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9

33 POOH ANG CLAW «65528. keds eeeeaeea ie ohooh ance nkacameeepe eeeeee wea 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6

| The measurements given in the third column are those of a not fully

grown specimen of V. murinus.

Explanation of Plate XIV.

1. Ear of Pteropus medius.

2. A * nicobaricus. ;

3. - m edulis.

4. » Cynopterus marginatus.

5. % Es * var. andamanensis.

6. a4 5 sherzerl.

“e < Me brachysoma.

8. » Cynonycteris amplexicaudata.

o. :; ey minor.

10. , Honycteris speleea.

af. » Macroglossus minimus.

12. » Vespertilio murinoides.

13. ¥, 5 murinus.

14. » Murina cyclotis.

Fig.t. Uric Bhamoasis.

mau: Mandeduyensis. 4.8. U7,

Fg .4. Unzw Gowhattenrs ts.

; crus puruleaties, Bers.

Monochondylea Ave.

Fig. 6. Spheerium Avani ,

wit) Peddie, , Si

JOURNAL

OF THE

BSTATIC SOCIETY.

—_¢@-—~-

Part II.—PHYSICAL SCIENCE.

No. IV.—1873.

OOO Sn i nm

_Descriprions or New Species or Untonipz.—By W. TueEosarp, Esa

[Received July 29th, 1873; read August 6th, 1873. ]

(With plate XVIT.)

Unio BHAMOENSIS, n. s., Pl. XVII, Fig. 1.

Testa subtriangulato-ovatd, postice acummmatd, margine ventrali modice

. L votundato, wnbonibus tumidiusculis, levigatis, pustulis parvis aligquando

—armatis, decorticatis. Epidermide tenuissimd, levi, subpolita, lete viridi,

in senioribus flavescente. Testad concentrice subrugatd, lineis paucis sive

4 rugis angustis ligamentum versus plus minusve subradiatim notatd, et antice

“a rugis paucis perbrevibus leviter corrugatd. Dentibus cardinalibus lamellatis,

et denticulatis, in valva dextraé singulo, multifisso,in sinistrd gemino, posteri-

ore triangulart et wmbonem juata posito, anteriore lamelliformi, striato.

_ Nacreé argented et wridescente.

Hab. prope Bhamo, regno Birmanico; necnon in Prome occidentali

_ Provincia Pegu.

Lat. 52, alt. 40, crass. 26 mm.

A rare species in Western Prome where alone I have met with it in

K Pegu, and remarkable for its smooth thin epidermis. The posterior slope

alone is conspicuously ornamented with sculpture, but in my largest speci-

men from Bhamo and in some others also, the peculiar sculpturing of JU.

burmanus, W. Bifd. is faintly but distinctly perceptible over part of the

valves towards the umbones especially. A small specimen of 836 mm. from

* Western Prome exhibits distinctly also the two rows of spines which cha-

~ yacterise the next species, so that it seems that U. burmanus, U. bhamoensis

Geet aay. new

208 W. Theobald—.Descriptions of New Species of Unionidae. [No. 4,

and U. mandelayensis constitute a natural little sub-group of osculant spe-

cies at once distinct, but connected and sufficiently distinguishable from any

of the ordinary Indian types. I have not, however, felt justified in separat-

ing them from the great Indian “ corrugatus” group in my forthcoming

catalogue of Indian shells.

UNIO MANDELAYENSIS, n. s., Pl. XVII, Fig. 2.

Testé cuneate subtriangulari, margine ligamentali recto, ventrali,

rotundato ; valde inequilaterali: antice levi, wmbones versus leviter corru-

gata; postice ab wmbonibus usque ad angulam posteriorem fortiter plicato-

corrugatd. Epidermide levi, tenui, subpolitd, glauca sive viridi-flava, lineis

plurimis radiantibus obscure pictd. Umbonibus decorticatis, granulosis,

liners duobus pallidis 5-6 muricate spinigeris, ornatis. Lineis ad marginem

tendentibus, spinis vero vic ad medium valve attingentibus. Dentibus sicut

in precedente.

Hab. prope Mandelay, reqgno Birmanico.

Lat. 53, alt. 40, crass. 31 mm.

In only one specimen have I seen the muricate spines descend below

the centre of the valves, but the pale linear bands whereon they stand

usually descend to the margin.

The peculiar sculpturing of U. burmanus is also seen in this species

though less strongly marked, and though sometimes carried over a good por-

tion of the valves, yet is usually most pronounced on the posterior slope.

Unto..'epprm, n. s., Pl. XV.>iig. 3.

Testa quadrato-ovali, concentrice sulcaté, antice gibbose rotundatd, pos-

tice dilatatd, subtruncata ; parum mequilateral. Umbonibus decorticatis,

haud prominentibus. Hpidermide levi, subpolitd, viridescenti-flavad. Denti-

bus cardinalibus lamelliformibus, striatis ; in valvé dextraé singulo, serrato, nm

siustrd gemims triangularibus, striatis et serratis. Nacred cerulescentt-

albida.

Hab. in Peemgunga fluvio, Indie centralis. Teste F. Fedden.

Lat. 40, alt. 29°5, crass. 19 mim.

This very peculiar and marked form which somewhat recalls by its out-

line the American U. secwris, seems a rare species and was collected spar-

ingly among numbers of fine specimens of U. wyngungensis, Lea, in Cen-

tral India by my colleague Mr. Fedden after whom I have named it.

It falls naturally within the great “corrugatus’” group, though there

are few better marked varieties than it.

UNIO GOWHATTENSIS, n. s., Pl. XVII, Fig. 4.

Testa quadrato-ovatd, antice rotundatd, postice declive truncatd, margine

ventrali recto. Umbonibus decorticatis. Kpidermide flavescente, postice

et ee aT

ee.

1873]. W. Theobald—Descriptions of New Species of Unionidae. 209

viridescente. Testd concentrice striata et rugis plurimis minutis valde ap-

proximantibus angulariter seu fulqurate granuloso-crispatd, postice tantum

radiatim granuloso-crispatd. Dentibus cardinalibus bifidis in utraque valvd.

Nacred cerulescenti-albidd, iridescente. In senioribus granulationes valde

_meonspicue fiunt.

Hab. prope Gowhatti in Assam.*

Lat. 39, alt. 25:5, crass. 18 mm.

The only other Unio that I am acquainted with possessing the peculiar

fulgurate and granulose sculpture of this species is U. crispisuleatus, B.,

and to that group it must be referred, for greatly as the two species at first

sight would seem to differ I have little doubt that intermediate forms con-

necting them will eventually be discovered. Fig. 4a represents the sculp-

ture enlarged and fig. 40 that of U. erispisuleatus, B. for comparison.

MonoconpyLz#a Ava, n. s., Pl. XVII, Fig. 5.

Testa oblonga, solidiusculd, antice rotundatd, postice eurvatim truncaté.

Margine ventrali recto; ligamentali convexo. Umbonibus decorticatis,

Epidermide piced, in gunioribus luteo-flavescente lineis tenuibus obscure

radiatim notaté. Testa increment lineis concentrice rugatd, postice plicis

paucis raro notatd et valde evanescentibus. Dentibus minimis ut in WM.

salweniana, Nacred cerulescente, wmbones versus flavescente.

Hab. prope Mandelay regno Birmanico.

Lat. 96, alt. 52, crass. 28 mm.

This species differs considerably from the ordinary forms of JZ. salweni-

ana by its great smoothness and its elongated form. It resembles in the

former respect the Philippine J. Cumingi, Lea, and young specimens

sometimes exhibit a trace of faint sculpturing along the posterior slope much

as in MW. moscularis, Gould, but all the adults I have seen have been quite

devoid of sculpture.

SPHERIUM AVANUM, n. s., Pl. XVII, Fig. 6.

Testd quadrate rotundd, twmidd, antice rotundatd, postice truncatd, dila-

tatd, equilateral. Epidermide, leviter et concentrice corrugatd, postice levis-

sime radiaté. Umbonibus prominentibus, tumidis, osculantibus ; colore

pallide stramineo, tribus fascus purpureis umbonalibus radiatim picto. Li-

gamento wnbones versus inflato.

Hab. prope Ava.

Lat 7°5, alt. 6°6, crass. 5°2 mm.

A single specimen of this rotund or pisiform species occurred among a

number of specimens of Oorbicula and other fresh-water shells received from

Ava.

* Obtained by one of the collectors of the Indian Museum,—[Ed.]

210 [No. 4,

ON THE MUDDY WATER OF THE HUGLI DURING THE RAINY SEASON WITH

REFERENCE TO ITS PURIFICATION AND TO THE CALCUTTA WATER SUP-

piry.— By D. Waxoiz, Esa.

(Received Oct. 29th ; read Nov. 5th, 1873.)

CoNTENTS.

I —Introduction,—construction of the Filters at Palta, difficulties in their working—

question as to the cause of this,—true cause, according to the author, is the pecu-

liar nature of the water.

II.—Desirableness of explaining the reason of this peculiarity,—considerations which

led to its discovery,—its nature,—experimental evidence in proof,

II1.—Corroborative evidence from other sources, direct and indirect.

IV.—Details of experiments connected with it and results.

V.—Further corroborative evidence and additional explanatory remarks.

I.—The works for the supply of Calcutta with water have been in opera-

tion since the early part of 1870. The nature and arrangement of the

filtering materials in the filtering tanks at Palta were decided upon chiefly

from the results and conclusions to which I came after a series of experi-

ments made during the rainy seasons of 1868 and 1869, for the purpose of

ascertaining what was likely to be most suitable and efficacious for filtering

the muddy water of the Hugli during the floods that extend from June

to September or October annually. These experiments also included an

examination of the value of a particular contrivance called Spencer’s Regu-

lating Cup, to which great importance was attached by the Engineer who

designed the works. ‘The general conclusions to which I came were, that

’ this Regulating Cup possessed no special value, for that the retardation of

the flow of water which was stated to be its particular function could be

attained equally well or better by other means ; and that the better sand of

the two kinds submitted to me for comparison was the fine sand from the

sand-bank in the river, which, as it could be obtained on the spot, was

called Palta sand. The other sand, called Magra sand from the locality at

which it was found, was considerably coarser in grain, and was stated to

be more like that used for filters m England. Though well enough

aware of this, I decidedly preferred the Palta sand for filtering the muddy

water of the rains, which was the period of special difficulty. For the.

remainder of the year, I considered it of little importance which kind of

sand should be used.

In accordance with my recommendation, the filters were fitted up with

Palta sand and without the regulating cups. ‘They worked well during the

first rainy season ; but afterwards, particularly during last season (1872), there

was so much difficulty in getting water filtered through them sufficiently

ae =_

eS ea dl Uh

1873.] D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. 211

clear, and in the required quantity, owing to the largely increased demand,

_ that they were pronounced a failure by the Superintending-Engineer, who

advocated a trial of the coarser sand combined with the Regulating Cup;

with, as he said, assurance of success, and in the view of adapting this ar-

rangement to the whole eight filters if found satisfactory.

No more complete condemnation of the arrangements I had recom-

mended could well have been made. Reasons were given for it, of which I

need only state the principal. The Palta sand was too fine, and consequent-

ly rapidly became choked up ; such sand was not used in England. It was

a principle laid down by Engineers that the muddy particles should not

penetrate more than an inch or two below the surface of the sand; this was

not the case here, as they penetrated deep into the sand, and made it foul

throughout. The fine sand retarded the flow of water too much, and speedily

became choked up by the deposition of mud; the proper retardation and

regulation of the flow should be effected from below, either by a greater depth

of coarser materials, or by the use of the Regulating Cup.

My replies to these reasons were that the fine sand was not too fine for

the water which was to be filtered, and that if not used in England, neither

was such water filtered in England. This mud of the Hugli water du-

ring the rainy season could not be prevented from penetrating deep into

the sand, at least if the water were to pass at such rate as would be practi-

cally of use; that the choking up of the sand to a certain extent, instead of

being an objection, was essential to its proper action as a filter for this water,

and the object should be not to prevent but to regulate it,—and that

it could be prevented neither by a greater thickness of coarse material nor

by regulating cups. And, further, that the difficulty and consequent great

amount of labour and trouble in filtering the water during the rainy season

was caused, not by the particular arrangement or nature of the filtering ma-

terials but by the nature of the water itself; and, consequently, that the

proposed remedy was entirely delusive, and would certainly fail.

Though no formal opposition, so far as I am aware, has ever been made

to my statements or opinion respecting the quality of the water, neither has

the conclusion been formally admitted as correct, and it has been overlooked

or neglected in all reasoning on the subject, at least as a sufficient explana-

tion of the difficulty. The principles of sand-filtration were appealed to, and

these were explained to depend chiefly on the attractive power of the coarser

particles of sand for the finer particles of the mud suspended in the water;

and this was represented as the most important part of the process,—“ such

is, in fact, filtration,’—apparently almost to the exclusion of what was called

mere straining. This explanation I hold to be totally erroneous. The most

important part of the process is straining, the prevention of the passage of

particles through narrow crevices between the grains of sand ; next is depo-

212 D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. [No. 4,

sition by gravity, on the upper surface of these granules, of still finer parti-

cles ;* and last, and least important of all, is the mutual attraction of particles

of mud and sand independent of gravity. ‘The influence of all of these pro- —

cesses will be affected by the greater or smaller size of the particles of mud

in suspension, and the difficulty in getting the water to pass clear will be

the greater the smaller the particles are. Hence the great difficulty with

the water in question, the particles being so very fine,

II.—The peculiarity of the Hugli water from June to October I

had always connected with the tropical rains and melting of the snows at the

sources of the Ganges, occurring together so as to form one great flood of

four or five months duration, instead of occasional floods to which rivers of

European countries are subject, exceeding these greatly both in amount

and in duration. I had not, however, been able to offer any other than

conjectural explanations of its slowness in clearing by settling and of the

difficulty in filtering it, of which I had found abundant evidence as a matter

of fact. Attention having been again directed toward the subject by the

circumstances previously referred to, I was led again to think of the advan-

tage it would give me to be able to state some reason for my belief that the

cause of difficulty lay in the nature of the water ; some explanation of this

peculiarity,—a reason why it should be so,—some generalisation shewing

that it was not an isolated fact, but one of other similar facts admitted and

acknowledged. Indeed, ever since it had been so forcibly brought under my

own notice by my filtration experiments, and fixed in my own mind at least

as a certainty, I had been alive to everything, old and new, that appeared to

have a bearing on the subject, whether it were practicable means of purifying

the water or a way of explaining the difficulty.

With respect to purifying muddy water generally there were certain

methods which were well known and others less generally. The use of alum

and other salts of alumina for such a purpose had long been known: salts of

peroxide of iron, a substance chemically having much analogy with alumina,

had more recently been introduced, and in my opinion they were even superior

to salts of alumina. These substances act by the alumina or peroxide of iron

being separated from its combination with the acid by alkaline matter which

might be added along with them, or by the action of the carbonate of lime

present in many waters, or even simply by large dilution, as in this case the

base tends to separate from the acid. The alumina or oxide of iron separates

in loose soft flakes which envelop or attract the fine particles of the mud,

and carry them down with them, leaving the liquid quite clear. Indeed many

other substances that produce flocculent precipitates by the addition of

another substance have the same effect ; thus by adding a solution of sulphate

* Well illustrated by Wanklyn and Chapman in the 2nd edition of their treatise

on Water Analysis.

i Ba ie a ie ee ae i

1873.) D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. 213

of copper, and then a little soda, oxide of copper is thrown down carrying

the mud with it. I have, indeed, made use of this method for precipitating

the fine, suspended mud for chemical examination; the oxide of copper

being removed from the precipitate, after collection, by ammonia and acetic

acid, and the mud washed. ‘This process, when the precipitants are employ-

ed in proper quantity, is speedy and convenient.

There is another class of substances which operate in a similar way,

namely, alkalies and alkaline earths, such as Soda and Lime. These com-

bine with the carbonic acid that keeps carbonate of lime in solution, which

becoming insoluble is consequently precipitated. When Lime is used an

additional quantity of carbonate of lime is produced. This, in fact, is Dr.

Clark’s well-known process for softening such waters as owe their hardness

to carbonate of lime in solution. The precipitate formed carries down other

matters with it leaving the water clear. The objection to the use of this

process is the large quantity of additional sediment produced, and the risk

of some prejudicial effect on the quality of the water, at least if not carefully

managed.

Another class of substances the mode of action of which is not so evident,

is acids. I-do not know when this was first noticed. Graham, Miller, and

Hofmann in their Report on the London waters, June 1851, speaking of the

impurities, refer to “this clay tinge which resists the action of acids.”

Whether from this hint or not, I do not recollect, but I myself employed

acids in 1866 for the purpose of clarifying the muddy waters of the Hugli

during the rains.* A small quantity of Nitric or Hydrochloric acid added to

a large bottle of muddy water so altered and precipitated the mud that next

- day, or even in a few hours, it could be filtered clear with ease. I used alka-

lies, also, and perchloride of iron; but did not prosecute the subject further,

my object having been simply to get the water clear with as little addition

of foreign matter as possible; and nothing was better than a little of these

acids,—even of acetic acid.

There is yet another class of substances the action of which is equally

-if not more difficult to explain, namely, those substances usually called neu-

tral salts, both alkaline and earthy. The first direct notice I found of this

was in some remarks in the ‘ Chemical News’ of 3rd April, 1868, by Mr. W.

Skey, Chemist to the Geological Survey of New Zealand, on the property

of this class of substances to clarify muddy water. In this he specifies that

1 grain of common salt clarifies 5 ounces of muddy water and 1 grain of

chloride of calcium or barium 10 ounces, 1 grain of lime 15 ounces and 1

grain of sulphuric acid 50 ounces. He thinks that these substances must

act solely from their aflinities for water, as it is not at all likely that they

undergo any decomposition themselves. In the ‘Chemical News’ of 8th

* Journ. As. Soc, Beng., 1867, Vol. XXXVI, Pt. II, p. 7.

214 D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. [No. 4,

July, 1870, is a short abstract from the ‘Comptes Rendus’ of the Academy

of Sciences, of 20th June 1870, of a paper by Dr. C. Schloesing on the same

subject, in which, it is stated, he refers to river waters contaminated with clay

being readily clarified by 1000th part of chloride of calcium or other salts

of lime, and being then readily filtered, while previously they rapidly choked

the filter. He refers to several rivers, such as the Rhine in its lower course

and the Durance which supplies Marseilles, as being notorious for this peculi-

arity. ‘Then in the same Journal of 12th May, 1871, Mr. Skey notices this

as a re-discovery on the part of Schloesing, and says that 1 grain of chloride

of calcium is sufficient for 10 ounces of muddy water or 50,000 grains, an

evident misprint for 5000 grains. He also notices a paper on the so-called

molecular movements of microscopic particles by Professor Jevons, who has

some theory about this coagulation of clay being due to the water becoming

by such addition a conductor of electricity, and the clay particles charged

with electricity.

Besides all these direct observations, there is a phenomenon which had

long (long before these observations were made) come under the observation

of chemists in filtering and washing certain precipitates and sediments,

namely, that for a time, while there is saline matter present in solution, the

filtered liquid comes clear, but when, by continuing to wash such substances

by distilled water, these saline matters become much reduced in quantity,

then the filtered liquid flows muddy, the solid substance passing in a state

of very fine division through the pores of the filtering paper. ‘The chemist to

avoid this adds a proportion of some saline substance (such as chloride of

anmonium or muriate of ammonia) which will not interfere with his subse-

quent proceedings, and so is enabled to wash the sediment or precipitate free

from everything except the substance which he has added. He can get rid

of this afterwards by other means if it be necessary. This peculiarity espe-

cially occurs with clays and substances more or less analagous to them, such

as Zirconia and Titanic acid. Another illustration is given when we at-

tempt to extract the saline matters soluble in water from clayey soils.

When the soil is first mixed with distilled water and allowed to settle, the

supernatant liquor may be clear: if this be poured off and more distilled

water be mixed with the residue, it will not settle and clear so readily, and if

the process be repeated, it may take a very long time to do so. Just in

proportion as the saline matter is removed, the fine clay separates with

greater difficulty from the pure water.

It is to be observed that the substances here referred to, namely, neutral

salts, are just the same sort of matter that exists in natural waters in small

quantity. Reflecting on the difficulty, with the impression of the above-

mentioned facts on my mind, on or about the Ist August last, the ques-

tion occurred to me: How small a quantity of such substances is sufficient

1873. ] D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. 215

so to change the character of the mud in the river water of the rains as to

enable it to settle with sufficient readiness, and in such a state as to render

the water capable of being filtered without difficulty ? Will the difference

of quantity between that of the saline matter which exists in the water of the

rainy season and that, say, of December be sufficient ? Will the addition of

such small quantity of the same kind of saline matter that exists in the

river water to the water of the rainy season, so change its character that

these difficulties in settling and filtering will be removed? Without delay

a few experiments were instituted and their results observed, and these

results shewed that the question was solved in the affirmative and the whole

difficulty cleared up. The Hugli water during the rains: contains too

much pure water in proportion to its saline constituents, or these natural

precipitants are present in too small quantity to precipitate the mud, as they

do in other localities which have no tropical rainfall to produce so great

dilution. And now my previous conviction as to the cause of the pecu-

larity was at once confirmed and explained.*

The first experiment was made by means which came at once to hand.

One quarter of a litre of muddy water from the river was mixed in a bottle

with an equal volume of water from a tank which, in the dry season, I had

found to contain a considerable quantity of saline constituents. Now, from

the rains, I knew that it must be considerably more diluted, nevertheless

not so diluted as the river water. In another bottle, for comparison, was

mixed an equal quantity of the river water with the same volume of distilled

water. It seemed natural to think that this mixture with distilled water

would settle most speedily, more particularly as the tank water contained

much glutinous vegetable matter; nevertheless, notwithstanding this dis-

advantage, the mixture with the tank water settled best. It was not a very

good experiment, yet the result was quite distinct.

Then solutions of sodium and of calcium chloride (common salt and

muriate of lime) were prepared of known strengths. The amount of saline

constituents in the river water during the rainy season was pretty well

known from former analyses, and these solutions were added in such quantity

as approximately to double the quantity of saline constituents in the water,

and thus bring it near the composition of the river water of December as

regards alkaline and earthy salts. ‘This produced an improvement in the

settling, very slight in the case of common salt, very decided in that of

chloride of calcium (muriate of lime). This at once shewed, what was after-

wards abundantly confirmed, that lime salts were much more efficacious than

alkaline salts. I shall return to this part of the subject further on.

* At the meeting of the Society on 4th August last I intimated that I had discovered

what I believed to be the true explanation of the difficulty with the water. Vide Proceed-

ings for August, 1873.

216 D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. [No. 4,

Another obvious-looking plan was to dry a measured portion of the

water and add its solid constituents to an equal quantity of water, so as to

double the total amount. But there were practical difficulties in this

process, in the changes the constituents would undergo by evaporation ; it

was, however, done thus: a portion of filtered water from the Calcutta

hydrants was concentrated by evaporation over the water-bath to one-fifth of

its volume ; after this carbonic acid gas was passed through the concentrat-

ed liquor in order to redissolve the carbonates of lime and magnesia which

had separated. One volume of this concentrated water was now mixed with

four volumes of muddy river water, so as to make up the original quantity.

This mixture, on being allowed to stand, settled well and the water could be

filtered easily. In all cases a similar bottle of the muddy water, unmixed

with anything, was placed beside these mixed waters for comparison.

In all the above experiments the waters were allowed to stand 24 or

48 hours to settle. This was a point I had calculated on, as the object was

not to clarify the waters as rapidly as possible, but to imitate the settling

and clearing of other natural waters or of the Hugli water itself during

the dry season, by assimilating its composition so far as regards soluble salts

to that of those. :

III.—I have examined the tables given in Bischoff’s Chemical Geolo-

oy* of the composition of various river waters for anything to be found

bearing on this subject, and the author’s remarks connected with rivers.

The varieties of composition are obvious, and a few rivers are to be found

containing but a small quantity of saline constituents and particularly of

earthy salts in their waters. In a few cases the composition is given at

different localities or at different periods of the year, but generally there

is not enough of information to connect these facts with the subject under

consideration. ‘Two analyses of the Rhine water at Basle and at Stras-

burg shew fully 14 parts of Carbonate of Lime and Magnesia in 100,000 :

again at Bonn in March, 1852, there are fully 10 parts; in March, 1857,

only 43 parts; but in the former case the river was very low and of the

usual clearness, in the latter it was much swollen and very turbid. Bischoff

has a chapter on mechanical deposits from water, in which he notices various

particulars respecting rivers. Of torrents which issue from glaciers, he says,

all of them roll along in a turbid grey milky or dark stream according to

the nature of the pulverized rock. Generally speaking, in rivers, the quan-

tity of suspended matter increases with the height of the water, and the sub-

stances dissolved diminish. The suspended matter consists generally of

clay, but in limestone districts it may consist partly or chiefly of carbonate

of lime itself. Of course even water containing a considerable quantity of

soluble salts of lime may be muddy, but if the mud consist of clay, the mud

* Cavendish Society’s Trans., 1854.

1873. | D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. 217

will settle readily by repose. If the suspended matter in such waters con-

sist partly or chiefly of carbonate of lime, how it will be affected by the

soluble salts present I am not prepared to say, as I have had no opportunity

of examining such waters. A French author, whom I shall quote presently,

speaks of waters which are never clarified entirely by repose ; such are, as

he calls them, “ les eaua blanches de Versailles,’ which owe their milky tint

to their contact with layers of calcareous marl. Whether these waters

contain soluble salts of lime or not, I do not know.

In a note to the chapter referred to, Bischoff mentions that Th. Scheerer*

had found that “ the deposition of suspended matter is hastened when cer-

“tain salts—alum, sulphates of copper and iron—are dissolved in the water.

“ But since a solution of chloride of sodium behaves like pure water, it can-

“not be expected that the suspended matter is deposited more quickly in

“the sea than in rivers.”” Now here is a mistake, for solution of chloride

of sodium does not behave like pure water. Mr. Skey, more correctly, thinks

that the transparency of the sea may depend on the precipitation of mud by

the saline matter. Scheerer’s observations must I think have been too has-

tily or imperfectly made.

The French works just referred to,} very valuable no doubt for what

they were intended, principally engineering, did not, however, contain much

of the sort of information I was in search of. That by Darcy gave me some

worth noticing. It contains accounts of the filtering operations at Chelsea,

Southwark, Thames Ditton, York, Hull, Paisley, Glasgow and Marseilles,

also of the natural filters of Nottingham, Perth, Toulouse and Lyons. The

natural filters are out of the range of the present enquiry, the first four ap-

pear to be on a similar plan to those at Palta, the latter three are different

in their arrangements for cleaning the sand. ‘Those of Gorbals, Glasgow, are

not sufficiently well described, those of Paisley are ; in both the clearing is

effected by passing the water from below upwards, but, as the nature of

the water is not at all likely to have any analogy with the water under

consideration, I need not notice them. The filters at Marseilles, however, are

worthy of alittle attention. The water which supplies Marseilles is derived

from the Durance. This water, as well as that of the Rhone, judging from

the description, must have a considerable similarity to that of the Hugh

during the rains, at least during certain periods, requiring a long time to

settle and become clear. From some things stated in the account of the

filtering operations, however, I do not think that the particles of the sus-

* In Poggendorff’s Annalen, Vol. 82, p 419, date unknown but previous to 1854.

+ Traité de la conduite et la distribution des eaux, par J Dupuit, Paris, 1854 and

Les Fontaines publiques de la ville de Dijon par Henry Darcy, Paris, 1856, both

beautifully illustrated by plates, For inspection of these I have to thank Dr°

Tonnerre, Health Officer to the Municipality,

218 D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. [No. 4,

pended mud can be so very fine as those of the water of the Hugli during

the rainy season. ‘There are unfortunately no analyses, but as they come

from Alpine regions they must be often diluted with much pure water from

melted snow.

The whole thickness of the bed of filtering materials is only .8 metre

or about 2 feet 8 inches, of which the upper layer is .8 metre or about 12

inches, consisting of very fine sand (Sable trés jin de Montredon), below

which are layers of middling and coarse sand, gravel and broken stones. It

is stated that the filters might work more than eight or ten days, but if kept

going longer they would be more difficult to clean. This cleaning is effect-

ed by passing the water backwards and upwards through the sand, the

impure water being carried off from the surface by channels for the purpose.

I have to observe that here we have filter beds much thinner than those at

Palta, very fine sand and upward charging, all points that have been consi-

dered objectionable for the Palta filters. The cleaning by upward charging

requires considerable velocity of current and a continuance of it for four or five

hours of time. I have calculated from the data given that it would require

about 14 or 15 feet of perpendicular height of water, that is, about as much

water as one of the filter tanks, emptied of its filtering materials, would

hold two and a half times. No account is given as to how it is done, but

I concluded that the level of the canal from which the water is supplied to

the filters must be sufficiently high for the purpose.*

I can also bring confirmatory evidence of another kind from English

waters, evidence to shew why these waters are not attended with such diffi-

culties in their filtration. There are no circumstances to produce such mud-

dy waters as are to be found even on the European continent, no Alps and

glaciers to produce this muddy water even at its source, no mountain snows

to melt, and no large falls of rain concentrated in one period. I refer to a

paper by Dr. Franklandy on the water supply of the Metropolis during

the year 1865-66. In this paper there are several tables of the principal

constituents of the water of nine Water Companies for every month of the

year. These tables shew that the amount of saline constituents varies during

the year, but never to near such an extent as that of the Hugli: they also

shew that the earthy salts vary in their amount as indicated by the hardness,

but never become reduced to nearly the same degree as those of the Hugh,

being at their lowest indeed nearly as much in amount as those of the Hugli

in December or January. The variation of course depends upon the rain-

fall, but this does not vary as respects either quantity or time in the same

* T have since been informed by Dr, Tonnerre that the level of the canal is high

above the town.

{ Journ. Chemical Society, 1866, Vol. XIX, p, 239,

1873.] D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. 219

way as it does in the valley and the source of the Ganges ; in England the

rainfall and hardness both rise and fall repeatedly during the year. The

case is entirely different from the state of matters here in which we have a

very soft water from the commencement of the regular rains gradually be-

coming harder in November and December and continuing so till the rains

set in again in the following year. There is no reason, therefore, to expect

any noticeable disturbance in the conditions of filtration in England from

change in the condition or nature of the water, but every reason to expect

it here, if we can only suppose or admit that such.a change in the water

may affect the filtration. And I would ask, why we should not admit that

it should do so? My experience convinced me that it did so affect the fil-

tration, and though I could not satisfactorily account for it or explain how

it did so, I continued firmly to maintain that it did so, that this was the

true cause of the difficulties, and that consequently other explanations were

fallacious and baseless.

I should have been glad to have found other corroborative evidence of

the correctness of my opinions, but had no means of obtaining it. Fortu-

nately the discovery of the nature of the peculiarity rendered this of com-

paratively small importance. I return now to the consideration of this

subject a little more in detail.

IV.—After ascertaining that such a very small quantity of lime salts

or rather of chloride of calcium, for that was the salt experimented with at

first, was sufficient for the purpose required, I proceeded to compare the

efficiency of different neutral salts. For this purpose I had to choose a

standard of comparison, and as the enquiry related at present to the Hueli

water, I chose it with reference to the composition of this. Chloride of

Sodium or common salt might have been taken, but I found its effect com-

paratively so small that I gave that up. The really influential constituents

in the river water were the salts of lime and magnesia, particularly the car-

bonates, and as I found that these were of nearly equal power, I decided to

take that which existed in largest quantity, namely carbonate of lime, as the

standard of comparison. But as a solution of carbonate of lime in excess of

carbonic acid is troublesome to prepare, its strength somewhat troublesome

to ascertain, the solution itself weak, consequently involving the addition of

a notable quantity of water, besides being liable to change, I chose for my

working standard a solution of chloride of calcium equivalent in strength to

1 grain carbonate of lime in 50 cubic centimetres of solution, equal to 1:11

em. chloride of calcium in 50 c¢.c¢. This formed a convenient strength for

measuring by a pipette. For the composition of the water, I assumed that

during the rainy season it contained salts of Lime and Magnesia equivalent

altogether to 7 grains of carbonate of lime in 100,000 flgn. or ‘07 gramme

in 1 litre. This is equal to 4°9 grains in 1 gallon. Perhaps it is rather too

220 D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. [No. 4,

low an estimate, 8 grains or even 9 grains to 100,000 being possibly more

correct.

A question soon arose as to what was the general nature of the action,

for on that I must regulate the plan on which I was to compare different

substances, I have quoted Professor Jevons’s electrical theory about the

coagulation of clay, which is too speculative for practical application,—also

Mr. Skey’s, that these precipitating substances must act solely from their

affinity for water, because the powerful affinities of the component parts of

most of these substances precluded the idea of their decomposition. The

general tendency of the experiments I made at first, however, led me to

reject this explanation, and to conclude that the action was most probably

a chemical one, though it might be difficult, or at present impossible, to

explain exactly how it operated. In consequence of this I decided to com-

pare, not absolute weights of the different substances, but their chemical

equivalents. Reasons for this conclusion will be given presently.

I generally operated on half a litre of water. This was mixed with the

substance to be tried and allowed to stand from 24 to 48 hours. A row of

such bottles with different substances was placed on the table with one bot-

tle containing unmixed water, and comparison was made of their respective

appearances at the end of a certain time, sometimes of two or three times,

and the result noted. Different proportions of the same substance were

compared in the same way. ‘The conclusions were drawn only from the

experiments made on the same water at the same time, not between differ-

ent samples of water or between observations made at different times.

The substances compared were chiefly, but not exclusively, those found

in natural waters. They may be divided into the following classes :—

Alkalies and alkaline earths.

Acids, or Hydrogen salts.

Neutral salts of the alkalies.

Salts of Lime and Magnesia,—or of alkaline earths generally.

Salts of protoxides of heavy metals, namely of Iron, Manganese and

[ Copper.

Salts of the sesquioxides,—namely of Aluminum and of Iron.

The range might have been considerably extended, and the series

have been more complete, but I could not spare the time necessary for a

more numerous series ; besides, the river water began to improve about the

end of August and continued to do so, as the rains ceased early. The experi-

ments, however, were sufficiently numerous to enable me to draw conclusions

of interest.

I shall arrange the substances tried in a tabular form, attaching to them

numbers indicating the number of chemical equivalents necessary to produce

the same effect as Carbonate of Lime in solution in carbonic acid water. The

—<= -

a ce

1873. ] D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. 221

equivalents will be in relation to the atomic weight of chlorine 35°5 ; thus,—

combined with Sodium 23, Calcium 20, Iron (Ferrosum) 28, (Ferricum)

18°66, forming Sodium Chloride 58°5, Calcium Chloride 55°5, Ferrous Chlo-

ride 63°5, Ferric Chloride 54°16, so that equivalents can easily be converted

into absolute weights by multiplying by these numbers, and to facilitate

this the equivalent numbers are given. The absolute weights are also given

in the last column which, it will be observed, are the products of the two

first multiplied by 2 to bring them to the standard of Carbonate of Lime

taken as 100, the double of its equivalent. The equivalents and absolute

weights, also, are all for the substances free from water of combination, crys-

tallization or solution.

Table of approximate quantities required to produce an equal effect in

clarifying the muddy water :—

Chemical Number of Absolute

equivalent. equivalents. weight.

Chloride of Sodium or Common Salt, ...... 58 5 4.0°0 4680

Mmm EE VOEAUG! (2023.05 Sons veces sh vanes es 56:0 5:0 560

tee MSICRTDONOEGS Coss chai criss soos ie wecsee tes 840 4-0 672

MEE MEER MCICE Pts) S Nye eee hee Lee sakaees,.” OOO 30 360

Balpburic Acid, .........- A NN ee ee 4.9°O 2°0 196

Calcium Chloride, or Muriate of Lime, ... 55°5 2°0 222

Magnesium Chloride, or Muriate of Mag-

LL ce CGE A AR ve. S4Bro 2°0 182

MPEP CMPT 08s c, abe ge sek) | cs ecliseiceees €3°0 Ls 189

Meewry OMIOTIOR, 2. cdateccseusaeessiiabesecees 104:0 1:0 208

Carbonate of Lime, dissolved by Carbonic

MMR ea a ae coeds cds edeetoo axe 50 0 10 100

Carbonate of Magnesia, dissolved by Car-

OT E906 eth pel EO A a 42-0 1:0 84

Sulphate of Lime, ...... PSR ae vals canto 68:0 1:0 136

Sulphate of Manganese,..............s.6.s0cees 75°5 5 755

SSG ol S/n) 9) 2) ee ee eee 795 2 3i°8

Eouosulphate of Trom, ...2............0. 2.0000 76:0 "15 22°8

Protocarbonate of Iron, dissolved by Car-

SUERTE) Scere ie ai tet cos cc iteated suacee 58:0 "15 17°4:

NS ee eat Mocs eceee colecees 792 05 7:92

Perchloride of Iron, ......... LY Oey ae ae 54°7 025 2°74:

Chloride of Potassium or Muriate of Potassa, Sulphate of Potassa, Ace-

tate of Potassa and Phosphate of Soda were about equally efficacious with

common salt.

299 D. Waldic—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. [No. 4,

This table shews the very great difference in efficiency between differ-

ent substances, common salt having only one-fortieth part of the power of

the standard Carbonate of Lime when chemical equivalents are compared, or

about one-forty-seventh part when actual weights are compared. On the

other hand, Perchloride of Iron is forty times as powerful as Carbonate of

Lime, chemical equivalents being compared, or about thirty-six times when

actual weights are taken.

A glance at the table will shew that the precipitating power is just in

proportion to the facility with which the acid and basic constituent of the

salt can separate. The alkalies and alkaline earths ought to be excluded as

they exert a chemical change in the soluble constituents of the waters, but it

appears to me pretty evident that both the acid and basic constituents of

the remainder of these substances take part in the effect produced on the

clay. Acids themselves do so, as shewn by the table, even so very weak a one

as Carbonic acid gas does so when passed for sometime through the muddy

water, as I found from direct experiment. And I also found that when

using these small quantities of alumina, the addition of a proportion of

potash, more or less, to neutralize the acid constituent of the salt was no im-

provement but the reverse. Pieces of sheet iron, immersed in a bottle of

muddy water and shaken occasionally, in a few hours caused the mud to pre-

cipitate very well; the iron evidently had been acted on by the Carbonic

acid in the water and the atmospheric oxygen to form a small quantity of

a salt of iron which produced the effect.

The numbers in the table are by no means to be taken as accurately

ascertained. ‘The shortness of the period during which muddy water of

nearly similar quality was available rendered this impossible. After the end

of August, I employed water from the river mixed in a vessel with the mud

deposited from previous water and stirred up, which can scarcely be taken

as a very good representative of the water during the worst period of the

rains, though probably good enough for the purpose, as the comparisons

between different substances were always made with the same water. But

as the month of August was chiefly occupied with experiments on the natural

constituents of the water, namely alkaline and earthy salts, and those on the

effects of the salts of the heavy metals and of the sesquioxides were not made

till September when the water had undergone some change, the numbers

given for these latter are not quite so certain, possibly may be stated as

smaller than they would have been had the August water been used. The

decision on this point must be reserved for next rainy season,

It may be well also to state the absolute quantities of these or at least

of some of these substances that would be necessary to clarify a given quan-

tity of the muddy water, calculated from the data given. For this purpose

the standard will be Carbonate of Lime, dissolved by Carbonic acid, in the

> 2a

- ee a a

era

1873.] D. “Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. 223

proportion of ‘07 gramme to 1 litre or 1000 cub. centimetres or 7 pounds to

100,000 pounds of water, which is equal to 700 pounds to 10 million pounds

of water or to 1 million gallons. From this the quantity of any other of the

substances given in the table may be calculated from the last column by

simple proportion. Thus as 100 Carbonate of Lime is to 700 pounds

required, so is 1386 Sulphate of Lime to 952 pounds required, or 2°74

Perchloride of Iron to 19°18 pounds required for 1 million gallons of the

muddy water of the Hugli.

It is necessary to remember, however, that the table given refers to the

dry substances, which is the natural condition in which they are usually found —

in only afew of the substances enumerated in the table, such as Common

Salt and Carbonate of Lime. Most of the other substances contain water

of crystallization or water of solution, which last may be a very variable

quantity. In the latter case the quantity of dry matter in solution must

be known. The following table includes a few of the preceding substances

most likely to be of practical application :—

Table of absolute quantities of substances necessary for the clarification

of 1 million gallons of muddy water of the Hugli during the rainy season,

calculated from the data given above.

Pounds,

MRR, ial CLE) COPING: (O05 Dy: wad winn'eind ons sve nsio(ece <4 calgeqeassnenc es 32,760

Chloride of Calcium or Muriate of Lime, fused or dry, eq. 55°5,. 1554

Peeerrretne OF Late dry, CG. OO ys. 55 -0n css du sddisnasemnarmas eles dees 700

Gypsum or native cryst. Sulphate of Lime, eq. 86, ............... 1204

eprave Of Pron cryst.. 6. 189 6. os occ csatigennonsetvevnconesesopesses 159'6

Mai COPEL ac ice ae as ws gt oleiRinls sn taidegls cial os «here <did xcs 554

Peetilotige: at Pron, drys BAT csc 62 5a hos hos cans onsen Saecaseaehine vas ses 19°15

It may be also worth noting the proportion of a few of these sub-

stances to the water, on the above data.

POMmmons Salt. 77. .csccowcsess vine amuses ea veMte tatoos ve bas 1 to 305

Eo! pees eee thildadiipn tahins har sea telee metas 1 to 8,306

Carbonate of Lime, ..... BiG sete Veuethay aa RMR etalk 8 1 to 14,286

a TROMEIS ON POON yo ie, fics twnee ist kes oonsnsatpaips nas 1 to 522,000

These numbers shew that chloride ae calcium is nearly twenty-three times

as effective as common salt. Skey estimated it as only twice as effective.

Schloesing, as will be stated immediately, estimated chloride of potassium

as of only one-fifth of the efficacy of lime salts and chloride of sodium

* On referring to my Note Book I find that in July 1866, I had come to the con-

clusion that about 1 of Perchloride of Iron is sufficient to precipitate the mud from

125,000 of water by standing over night, an approximation at least to the small quantity

I have recently found to be sufficient. This was when I was not thinking of its applica-

tion on the large scale nor searching for a minimum.

224 D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hudli. [No. 4,

weaker still. It will be observed that my numbers differ widely from theirs.

The differences are to be accounted for, partly from the circumstance that my

examinations have been pushed further than theirs, thus shewing that one

lime salt is twice as efficacious as another, that some other salts are far more

powerful than lime salts, and that the salts of the heavy metals and particu-

larly of the sesquioxides seem to act on the same principle, which does not

appear to have been suspected by either Skey or Schloesing, at least is not

alluded to. It is also probably partly due to the differences of the mud

operated on, both as respects the composition of the insoluble matter it

chiefly consists of, as well as of the soluble matter that it may contain.

V.—I had written thus far when I had an opportunity of seeing Schloes-

ing’s paper in the original, in the Comptes Rendus, and found it much more

complete and interesting than I could have concluded from the brief ab-

stract in the Chemical News. He was first led to notice the peculiarity from

a circumstance I have mentioned before, namely the treatment of argillace-

ous soils with distilled water. He not only mentions that distilled water

rendered muddy by a mixture of purified fat clay is precipitated by 1-1,000th

part of lime salts immediately, but that this is the case also by 1-5,000th

part in some minutes and by 1-50,000th part in two or three days. He

refers to the muddy water of the Seine becoming limpid in an hour or two

by a very small addition of a lime salt, but at the same time states that the

Seine water contains 89 milligrammes of lime per litre, equal to 8-9 parts in

100,000 or 15:9 of Carbonate of Lime, a much larger quantity than that

which exists in the Hugli water during the rainy season, indeed nearly as

much as is found in December and January. Schloesing further directs

attention to the influence of this peculiarity on clay soils and on what is

called the mechanical analysis of soils ; and he further notices the precipita-

tion of mud so carried in rivers by the water of the sea, and also the practical

applications suggested by it for clearing muddy water. Indeed he concludes

by a reference to the waters of the Durance employed for supplying

Marseilles, tracing the muddiness of such waters to their sudden dilution ~

with large quantities of pure water and suggesting a remedy in the

restoration of the water to its normal condition by the addition of lime

salts or an admixture of some other water containing abundance of these ;

in complete accordance with all I have been contending for. Schloesing

states that Magnesia salts are about equally efficacious with Lime salts, and

that salts of Potash are required in about five times the quantity that

lime salts are, and that soda salts are still less active. He refers to no other

classes of salts, but speaks of Carbonic acid as producing the same effect,

attributing its efficacy to the solution of Carbonate of Lime present in the

insoluble state.

This idea had occurred to myself, and that also it might explain the

CC —— ————_————————

1873. | D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. 225

action of the other stronger acids. I am not prepared at present either to

admit or deny this. To settle the point would require experiments to

be made in which the sources or causes of doubt should be removed.

Though it might be supposed that these acids dissolve a small quantity

of the otherwise insoluble carbonate of lime, this does not account satis-

factorily for the circumstance that the salts of the sesquioxides of aluminum

and iron and even of the protoxides of the heavy metals are so much

more efficient than lime salts themselves.

I found in another number of the Chemical News, that of 14th May,

1869, an abstract of a “Report of the Netherlands Committee.” This

committee, evidently, (though particulars are not stated), consisted of a body

of scientific men examining the waters of certain rivers with a view to their

economical use, the Rhine and Maas being particularly mentioned. So far

as I can judge from some particulars mentioned, these waters do not appear

to be exactly similar to the muddy water of the Hugli. The committee

especially recommend Perchloride of Iron for the purification of such turbid

waters, along with Carbonate of Soda, and recommend ‘032 grains Perchlo-

ride of Iron for 1 litre which is equal to 1 part for 31,250. I have given

it as 1 to 522,000 and without soda. Itis obvious that the question of

quantity is very important in the application of this artificial method of

clarifymg muddy water with a view to economy. ‘The great expense,

evident in the application of all proportions known before, was one cause that

prevented me from giving the subject much attention, as I had adverted to

the use of precipitants as far back as 1867, in my paper in this Journal.*

One way and the best of all ways of restoring the proper quantity of

Lime salts to such water would be to bring it thoroughly in contact with

Carbonate of Lime, provided it contained enough of free Carbonic acid to

dissolve a sufficient quantity. But this is very doubtful and not very likely

in ordinary waters. Experiment shewed only a small improvement.

Both Skey and Schloesing state that the chief point seems to be that

there should be a certain quantity of the precipitating substance in proportion

to the water, and that the quantity of clay present does not make much

difference, Schloesing remarking even that the limpidity is more perfect

when the mud attains a certain proportion, just as I have myself found that

the muddy Hugli water settled and cleared better by adding some dry

soil to it, this of course from the soluble matters contained in that soil.

The general point, however, I had not time to examine, my attention having

been given to the Hugli water as it presented itself in nature.

Both Skey and Schloesing also describe the effect produced by the term

coagulation, and it seems quite appropriate. The very fine particles coalesce

as it were into larger and comparatively flocculent ones.

* Vol. XXXVI, Part II, p. 138.

226 D. Waldie—On the Muddy Water of the Hugli. [No. 4,

IT was not content with these small experiments but tried the process

by clarifying the water first by such small proportions of these precipitants,

settling one or two days and then passing through a sand filter, and found

it to answer perfectly, the filtration going on easily and rapidly. The

apparatus was small, the precipitating vessel holding about 45 gallons,

the filter being a Zine tube of about six inches diameter. There were two

filters, one with Palta and one with Magra sand: the Palta sand filtered best

as I used as small a quantity as possible of the precipitating substances. I

could not try it on a larger scale, as my premises are now no longer on the

bank of the river. But there cannot in my opinion be the smallest doubt

but that the process would answer admirably on the large scale.

My former experiments, at least in my own judgment, proved that the

Hugli water during the rainy season could not be filtered without unusual

difficulty, and that arising from a peculiarity in the water which I connected

with the peculiar distribution of the rainfall in this country, though I could

not then explain the cause :—it was a matter of fact whether it could be

explained or not. Plans proposed to overcome this difficulty, supported by

experience of water filtration in England, I declared would be useless,

because the water was different and English experience therefore not

applicable.

One special contrivance, which it was alleged would be effective for the

purpose, I had tried, and had given my opinion that it was worthless for the

purpose. The best plan for filtering the water of the rainy season as it

presents itself in nature, I concluded, would be by the use of the Palta sand,

properly managed, which includes a proper relation between the amount of

filtermg surface and the quantity of water to be filtered. All of these

statements and opinions I still adhere to, as they were conclusions drawn

from the observation of facts, the highest and only true authority from which

scientific conclusions can be drawn.

A new idea has supplied me with the means of explaining the nature

of the peculiarity, and that not by superseding but by confirming the

correctness of my previous conclusions that it was connected with the

tropical rainfall, and that was by producing extreme dilution of the water.

It also indicated a way to remedy the difficulty of settling and filtering the

water. The evidence has been given in the preceding pages, and is founded

also on the authority of experimental facts open to scrutiny and criticism.

The conclusions, it appears to me, may be of value not only with reference

to the Calcutta water supply, but to the purification of water in cases where

the circumstances are similar, occurring more generally in tropical countries,

but even occasionally in other localities.

Ji&

KURZ

Il. 1878.

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BALANOSTREBLUS ILICIFOLIUS, KURZ :

1873.] 227

New Burmese Prants, Part IIIl.—By 8. Kunz, Esq.

[Received Dec. 5th. ]

[With Plates XVIII & XIX.]

CAPPARIDEZ.

227. CAPPARIS CRASSIFOLIA, nov. sp.

Frutex scandens, spinis brevibus recurvatis armatus, novellis et foliis

junioribus subtus tomento minuto canescente obtectis ; folia obovalia ad

obovata, petiolo $—{ poll. dum juvenili canescenti-puberulo suffulta, basi

magis minusve acuta, apice rotundata et brevissime recurvato-acuta, coriacea

ce. 2 pollicaria, glabra, nervis crassis subtus conspicuis et praesertim basin

versus egredientibus ; flores solitarii, us CO. horridé subconformes, pedicello

4ad? poll. canescenti-tomentoso suffulti; sepala et petala ferrugineo-

lanata; filamenta numerosa, glabra ; gynophorum longum et ovarium globo-

228. CaPPARIS POLYMORPHA, Nov. sp.

Frutex scandens, glauco-viridis, ramis ramulisque tenuiter albescenti-

farinoso-tomentosis, spinis brevibus curvis puberulis armatus ; folia (juniora

valde elongato-rhomboidea) rhomboideo-ovata ad obovato-rhomboidea,

petiolo % poll. albescenti-puberulo suffulta, basi obtusa, subcoriacea, obtusa,

glauca, subtus et dum juvenilia utrinque, fugaci-albo-puberula, nervis crassis

et praesertim basin versus egredientibus ; flores solitarii, axillares, iis 0.

horride simillimi, pedicello 3—% poll. canescenti- et pro parte ferrugineo-

' tomentoso crasso suffulti; sepala et petala ferrugineo-lanata; filamenta

numerosa, glabra ; gynophorum gracile, glabrum ; ovarium glabrum ; bacce

(immature) cerasi magnitudine, oblonge, leeves, polyspermee.—Prome.—Ex

affinitate C. horride. C. horrida, crassifolia et polymorpha, species inter se

valde affines, habitu longe distant et saepius in eodem solo sociatim crescunt.

MALVACEAE.

229. DECASCHISTIA CRASSIUSCULA, nov. sp.

Frutex humilis, ramosus, dense albido-tomentosus; folia ovata, in

petiolo crasso 2—38 lin. tantum longo decurrentia, 2—8 poll. longa, integra

v. sublobata, grosse v. obsolete dentata, utrinque dense, subtus albo-

tomentosa; flores sessiles v. subsessiles, 2 poll. fere longi; involucri phyila

dense tomentosa, basi bractea longa subulata sustenta ; calycis lobi paulum

longiores et latiores, tomentosi, crasso-costati; petala stellato-pubescentia,

venosa; capsule dense tomentose.—Prome.—D. crotonifolie valde affinis,

sed differt floribus sessilibus v. subsessilibus, foliis latioribus decurrentibus

et petiolo brevissimo.

228 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 4,

STERCULIACEA.

230. STERCULIA oRNATA, Wall ap. Voigt. Cat. Hort. Cale. 105.

Arbor decidua, novellis pilis coccineis (in sicco brunneis) szpius

glutinosis tomentosis ; liber et lignum album (nec rubrum uti in S¢é. villosa);

folia lata, 5—7-loba, lobis acuminatis, subtus dense stellato-pubescentia,

supra pilis brevibus fasciculatis minutis aspersa; flores majusculi, pedicello

1—1] poll. longo suffulti, plerumque ochracei in fundo rubicundi, in paniculas

terminales coccineo-tomentosas dispositi; calyx puberulus, semilineam

longus, lobis lanceolatis patentibus; gynophorum - stellato-tomentosum ;

ovaria fl. fem. dense hispido-tomentosa; carpella 5—6, setis fragilibus

lineam fere longis urentibus dense vestita et glabrescentia, c. 25—38 poll.

longa, subeylindrico-lanceolata, incurvato-acuminata, intus dense fulvo-setosa ;

semina pluria, oblonga, atra, leevia.—Pegu, Martaban, Tenasserim.—A¢é.

villose affinis, inter alia indumento carpellorum et floribus jam distincta.

MALPIGHIACEA.

231. HIpraGE ARBOREA, N. sp.

Arbor parva, decidua, 15—20-pedalis, novellis dense albido v. flavido-

tomentosis ; folia valde variabilia, oblonga et ovato-oblonga ad elliptica et

elliptico-lanceolata, 2—3>% poll. longa, petiolo brevissimo crasso, basi obtusa

v. rotundata, subcoriacea, dum juniora dense albido-tomentosa et acuta v.

breviter acuminata, dein subfioccosa et apiculata v. rotundata, nervis subtus

valde prominentibus ; flores lilacini v. albi, in fundo aurei, pedicello medio

1—2-bracteolato longo albido-pubescente basi bracteato suffulti, racemos

breviores v. longiores albido-pubescentes axillares formantes ; sepala obtusa

v. acuta, lanato-pubescentia, 2—8 lin. longa; petala unguiculata, fimbriata, °

reflexa ; carpella magis minusve fulvo-tomentella, glabrescentia, alis plerum-

que securiformi-emarginatis valde imaequalibus (terminali erecta 13—2 poll.

longa, lateralibus patentibus plus quam 2/3 brevioribus), costa centrali

obsoleta——Prome, Martaban.—Inter species Hiptagis generis extricatu

difficillimas haec statura erecta (non scandente) et cortice crassa suberoso-

fissa praestat.

RUTACEA.

Gonocitrvs, nov. g., Pl. XVIII.

Flores 5-meri (an semper ?). Stamina...... Ovarium 3—5-gonum,

3—5-loculare, loculis 2-ovulatis. Bacca coriacea, epulposa, 3—4 angulata.

Semina magna, cotyledones carnosze. Arbuscula spinoso-armata in solo

salino rhizophoretorum vigens, foliis simplicibus alternis. Flores solitarii,

axillares. Genus distinctissimum sed incomplete cognitum, Atalantie affine.

232. G. aneuLatus (Citrus angulatus, Willd. sp. pl. IJI. 1426;

Rumph. Herb. Amb. 110, t. 382; De. Prod. I. 540; Atalantia longispina

—s

1873.] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 229

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1872 295). Bacce epulposs, sed intus

succo viscido parco (oleo condensato ?) vestite. Flores albidi (ex Rumph.),

LEGUMINOS ZA.

233. CroTaLARIA Kurzit, Baker MS.

Herba annua, erecta, ramosa, 1—38-pedalis, ramis teretibus parce

appresse pubescentibus ; folia obovato- ad lato-lanceolata, basi subcuneata,

brevissime (1—2 lin.) petiolata, mucronato-acuta v. subcuspidata, 14—8

poll. longa, raro longiora, subtus parce puberula et pallida ; flores mediocres,

lutei, vexillo extus atropurpureo-striato, pedicello ;—}% poll. pubescente

suffulti, vulgo solitarii v. raro bini, hine inde fasciculatim ex foliorum axillis

erumpentes simulque in racemos axillares et terminales parce pubescentes

dispositi ; bracteze minute, subulate ; calyx semilineam circiter longus, parce

appresse puberulus, lobis falcato-lanceolatis acuminatis; corolla calyce

longior ; legumen # ad 1} poll. longum, sessile, basi attenuatum, glabrum ;

semina pallida v. pallide brunnea, nitentia, lin lata. Var. a. genuina, folia

minora, 4 poll. non excedentia; legumen $—1 poll. tantum longum et

calyce duplo longius ; semina pallida, lineam lata.—Pegu, Martaban.—Var.

8. luxurians, folia 6 poll. longa; legumen 13—2 poll. longum et calyce

38—A4. plo longius ; semina brunnea, 23 lin. circiter lata. Pegu. Var £,

cujus flores non vidi, cum forma typica, characteribus supra indicatis excep-

tis, omnino quadrat.

234. INDIGOFERA CALONEURA, Nov sp.

Frutex erectus, ramosus, fulvo-puberulus; stipule ¢. 2 lin. longe,

lineari-subulat#, dense pubescentes ; folia 1-foliolata, petiolo 83—4 lin. longo

.crasso dense fulvo-pubescente suffulta; foliolum ellipticum, utrinque

rotundatum v. szepius apice retusum, mucronulatum, 3—4 lin. longum,

chartaceum, supra glabrum, subtus molli-pubescens et glaucescens, costa

nervis venisque valde prominentibus et fulvo-pubescentibus ; flores rosei?,

parviusculi, pedicello 2 lin. longo filiformi puberulo suffulti et racemum

robustum pubescentem axillarem foliis vulgo breviorem formantes ; bractez

longiuscule, subulatee ; calyx brevis sed amplus ; lineam vix altus, dentibus

3-angularibus acutis; corolla c. 3 poll. longa; ovarium dense sericeo-

pubescens ; legumen deest.—Pegu.—KEx affinitate J. Brunoniane, Grah.

235. DrEsmMopiuM opcorDatumM (Uraria obcordata, Miq. Suppl. FI.

Sumatr. 114 et 305).

Herba perennis, volubilis, 3—4-pedalis, puberulus ; stipulee lanceolate,

acuminate, pubescentes, c. 3 lin. longee; folia pinnatim 3-foliolata, petiolo

4—1 pollicari puberulo ; foliola lateralia minora, deltoidea, retusa et mucro-

nato-apiculata, foliolum terminale transverse obcordato-lunatum, 5—2 poll.

latum, in sinu mucronatum, chartaceum, supra tenuissime subtus parce

pilosum et pallidum, venis transversis prominentibus ; flores parvi, cyanco-

230 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 4, 1

purpurei, pedicello gracili 2—3 lin. longo pubescente, in racemum gracilem

pubescentem axillarem szepius in paniculam terminalem abeuntem dispositi ;

bractee lineares, subulato-acuminatee, 2—3 lin. long, pubescentes, cadu-

cissime ; calyx pubescens, lineam circiter longus, lobis lanceolatis acuminatis ;

corolla 2% lin. longa; legumen in stipitem 1 lin. longum attenuatum,

recurvatum, planum, chartaceum, puberulum, moniliformi-2—38, v. seepius

1-articulatum ; articuli hastato-rotundati, ce. 3 poll. longi et lati; semina

reniformi-oblonga, compressa, brunnea, nitentia.—Tenasserim.—Ex aflinitate

D. strangulati, &e.

236. DrsmMopium oBLatuM, Baker MS. (Desmodium reniforme, Wall.

Cat. vix De. certissime non Burm).

Fruticulus erectus, gracilis, 2—3-pedalis, glaber ; stipule et stipelle

minut ; folia 1-foliolata, petiolo capillari 3—¥3 pollicari suffulta; foliolum

transverse ellipticum, apice subsinuatum v. rotundatum, 1—17 poll. latum,

integrum, glabrum, leete virens ; flores parviusculi, cyanei, pedicello capillari

e. 3 pollicari puberulo, fasciculati et racemum gracilliimum puberulum

axillarem in paniculam terminalem abeuntem formantes ; bractez persisten-

tes, ovate; calyx ce. 1% lin. longus, subglaber, lobis lineari-lanceolatis

acuminatis; corolla sub—3 lin. longa; legumina in stipitem brevissimum

contracta, compressa, minute puberula et glabrescentia, lineari-oblonga,

moniliformia, 2—4 passtn l-articulata, articuli semiorbiculares, sutura

exteriore vix curva, reticulati, c. 2 lin. longi v. longiores ; semina compressa

reniformia pallide brunnea nitentia.—Ava, Pegu, Martaban.—Ex aflinitate

D. vreniformis, &e.

237. DEsMoDIUM AURICOMUM, Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5704.

Herba annua a basi ramosa patenter fulvo-pilosa ; stipule lanceolate,

aristato-acuminate, striate, 2—23 lin. longe ; folia pinnatim 3-foliolata, pet-

iolo parce piloso 8—4 lineari suffulta ; foliola elliptica ad obovalia, rotundata

v. subretusa, —% poll. longa, supra subglabra, subtus parce appresse pilosa ;

flores parvi purpurei, pedicello capillari piloso }—% pollicari, racemum

eracilem patenti-fulvo-pilosum terminalem v. ramulos axillares terminantem

formantes ; bracteze vulgo sub anthesi persistentes, ovate, subulato-acumi-

nate, 3—4 lin. longe, fulvo-pilose ; calyx 13 lin. longus, fulvo-pilosus,

lobis linearibus subulatis; corolla zquilonga v. paulo longior; legumina

plana, sessilia, lineari-oblonga, ciliata et intra marginem villoso-pilosa, laxe

reticulata, 3—5-articulata, articuli lin. circiter longi et lati, sutura interiori

rotundati exteriori subrecti, dehiscentes; semina reniformia, brunnea,

nitentia.—Arracan, Tenasserim.—Kx affinitate D. triflori, &e.

238. LxESPEDEZA PINETORUM, nov. sp.

Frutex subsimplex v. ramosus robustus erectus 2—4-pedalis dense

fulvescenti-pubescens ; folia 3-foliolata, petiolo 3—% pollicari villoso sufful-

ta; foliola elliptica ad elliptico-ovata, brevissime crasseque petiolata, 1—2

‘

1873.] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 231

poll. longa, obtusa v. acuta cum mucrone, integra, coriacea, supra subrugosa

et parce subtus dense fulvescenti- v. subcanescenti-villosa et prominenter

nervosa ; flores parviusculi, cyanei v. rosei, pedicello lin. longo gracili

pubescente suffulti in racemos villoso-pubescentes robustos sed breviusculos

axillares v. terminales dispositi et seepius paniculam densam terminalem

efformantes ; calyx c. 24 lin. longus, fulvescenti-villosus, lobis subulatis ;

corolla 33 lin. longa, glabra; legumen dimidiato-ovatum, 3 lin. longum,

sericeo-pubescens.—Martaban.—L. hirte, Miq. quodammodo affinis.

239. LESPEDEZA DECORA, Nov. sp.

Frutex erectus, 3—5-pedalis, caulibus angularibus appresse fulvo-pubes-

centibus dein canescentibus ; stipule c. 3 lin. longa, rigide, lineari-subulatee ;

folia pinnatim 3-foliolata, petiolo gracili 1—1} pollicari canescente

suffulta ; foliola breviter petiolulata, obovalia ad elliptica, apice rotundata

mucronata, chartacea, 1—1} poll. longa, supra atroviridia, glabra, subtus

glaucescentia et sub lente appresse pubescentia ; flores ceerulei, pedicello gracili

ce. } pollicari glanduloso-pubescente instructi,racemos brevesat graciles fulvo-

elanduloso-pubescentes persistenter bracteatos sapius in paniculam brevem

collectos efficientes ; bracteze ovato-lanceolate, subulato-acuminate, ec. lin.

long, glanduloso-puberule ; calyx c. 3 lin. longus, fulvo-pubescens, lobis ovatis

acuminatis ; corolla } poll. longa; legumina (immatura) oblique ovato-

lanceolata, acuminata, compressa, breviter sericea.—JLartaban.—Hic Desmo-

dium angulatwm, Wall. Cat. 5729, I. quoad specimina sterilia probabiliter e

Taong-dong sumpta.

240. LESPEDEZA PARVIFLORA, Nov. sp.

Frutex, ramulis angularibus sericeo-puberulis ; stipule rigidee, lineari-

subulate, ce. 2—25 lin. longe ; folia pinnatim 3-foliolata, petiolo gracili

canescente % poll. longo suffulta; foliola breviter petiolulata, elliptica ad

elliptico-ovata, $—1 poll. longa, chartacea, supra glabra et atroviridia, sub-

tus glaucescentia et appresse puberula ; flores cyanei ?, parvi, pedicello 3—1

lin. longo fulvo-pubescenti instructi et in racemos axillares strictos fulvo-

pubescentes folio circiter duplo longiores apice ramorum szpius congregatos

dispositi ; bractez deciduex ; calyx dense fulvo-pubescens, ce. 2 lin. longus

lobis subulatis ; corolla 3% lin. circiter longa; legumina (immatura) oblique

ovata, acuminata, sericea.—artaban (Rev. F. Mason).—L. elliptice, Bth.

affinis, a qua differt: floribus multo minoribus, calycis lobis subulatis, brac-

teis deciduis et indumento.

241. Mucuna Bractrgeata, De. (Carpopogon bracteatus, Roxb. MS.

Jc, XX. t. 138).

Herba perennis, volubilis, novellis parce appresse pubescentibus ;_ stipu-

le... ; folia pinnatim 38-foliolata, petiolo glabro v. subglabro 2—4 pollicari

suffulta ; foliola ovata v. subovata (lateralibus valde obliquis, terminali ma-

gis trapezoideo), petiolulo brevi pubescenti suffulta, obtusiuscule apiculata v.

232 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 4,

cuspidata, mucronata, chartacea, supra glabra, subtus puberula v.. sub lente

appresse pubera ; flores magni, atropurpurei, pedicello canescenti-puberulo ec.

2 lin. longo suffulti, 2—38-ni v. solitarii pedunculum secundarium 2—8 lin.

longum terminantes et in racemum bracteato-pedunculatum axillarem nutan-

tem canescenti- v. fulvescenti-pubescentem dispositi ; bracteze ovatee ad lan-

ceolatae, subulato-acuminate, velutine, florales valde deciduz, inferiores

vacuee pedunculum vestientes persistentes, majores, }—% poll. long ;_ brac-

teole paulo minores, rotundate, decidux ; calyx amplus, c. 4—6 lin. in

diametro, dense canescenti-puberulus et setis fragilibus fulvescentibus a-

spersus ; corolla ec. 15 poll. longa, ale subduplo, carina vexillo subtriplo

longiores ; legumina oblonga v. suboblonga, compressa, 1—23 poli. longa,

carinis longitudinalibus secus suturam superiorem destituta densissime uren-

ti-setosa, 2—5 sperma; semina transverse oblonga, vulgo brunneo et atro-

maculata.—Pegu, Martaban, Ava.—Species distinctissima, JZ. prurienti

affinis.

242. GRONA FILICAULIS, nov. sp.

Volubilis, tenera ; folia lato cordato-ovata, petiolo pubescente $—% polli-

cari suffulta, obtusa, mucronata, 1—1} poll. lata, utrinque sparse hirsuta,

palmati nervia ; flores parvi, flavi, pedicellati, cirrhoso-pedunculati, axillares ;

legumina tenera, glaberrima, linearia, poll. circiter longa, 5—6-sperma ;

semina nitentia, olivacea, nigro-maculata—Pegu.—G. Grahamu, Bth.

affinis.

243. PUERARIA BRACHYCARPA, NOV. sp.

A. P. ferruginea (Amphicarpea ferruginea, Bth. in Pl. Jungh. I.)

differt : omnibus partibus glabrior, leguminibus torosis appresse pubescenti-

bus sub-glabrescentibus pollicem vix excedentibus 3 lin. fere latis 5—6-sper-

mis.— Pegu.

ROSACEAE.

Pyrus Karensium Kurz, in Journ. A. 8. Bengal, 1872, 306, eadem

est ac P. granulosa, Bertoloni Piante nuove Asiatiche 10, t. 3, (sub nom.

P. granulate) in memorie deli’ Accademia d. scienze dell’ istituto di Bolog-

na, Ser. II, Vol. IV. 1864-65. Planta Khasyana cl. Bertolonii valde est

serratifolia, sed forme intermediz etiam in Herbario Horti Calcuttensis

adsunt. Species fere omnes Indicae a cl. Hookero et Thomsonio collect et

in opusculo hie citato descriptze et iconibus illustratee inapte proposite sunt.

MYRTACEA.

244. KUGENIA PACHYPHYLLA, nov. sp.

Arbor glabra, ramulis albis; folia obovata ad obovato-oblonga, basi _

magis minusve cuneato-acuminata, petiolo crasso 83—4 lin. longo suffulta,

obtusiuscula v. obtusiuscule apiculata, 3-4 poll. longa, crasse coriacea,

glabra, in sicco fuscescentia, nervis lateralibus tenuibus et prominentibus

Cay Coat <= ite Pe a rig

eat aaiieeds

1873.] S. Kurz—WNew Burmese Plants. 233

satis distantibus et subirregulari-parallelis ; flores mediocres, vulgo solitarii

v. terni, sessiles paniculam brevissimam crassam trichotomam terminalem

efformantes, pedunculo et ramis brevissimis (;—+% poll.) crassimiss 4-gonis

articuliformibus ; calyx ¢c..4 lin. longus, obconicus, basi attenuatus, leevis,

limbo 4-lobo, lobis rotundatis ¢. 2 lin. longis persistentibus ; petala, ete.

desunt.—Tenasserim (Dr Brandis).—Ex affinitate 2. grandis.

245. MHUGENIA CERASIFLORA, nov. sp.

Arbor magna, 90-100 pedalis, glabra, ramulis albidis compressiusculis ;

folia magis minusve lato-lanceolata, basi acuta v. acuminata, petiolo }—%

poll. longo, obtusiuscule acuminata v. passim obtuse apiculata, 4—7 poll,

longa, pergamacea, glabra, opaca, subtus pallida, nervis lateralibus sat irre-

gulari-parallelis et szepius curvis tenuibus sed prominentibus; flores

parviusculi, albi, pedicello gracili 2—4 lin. longo suffulti, in racemum

brevem gracilem glabrum axillarem v. supra foliorum delapsorum cicatrici-

bus orientem collecti ; calyx 33—5 lin. longus, ejus pars superior ampliatus

e. 3 lin. longa, clavato-turbinatus, levis, limbo persistente 4-lobo, lobis

semiorbicularibus 2 lin. fere longis, pars inferior pedicelliformi-contracta

gracilis 3—2 lin. longa; petala ec. 4 poll. longa, concavo-orbicularia, libera ;

filamenta longa, gracilia ; baece globose v. didymo-globose, pisi magnitu-

dinis, in stipitem longum gracilem protracte, 1—2 sperme, leves, calycis

limbo disciformi patente coronate.—Martaban (Etiam in montibus Sikkim

Himalaya, Khasya, ete. Species juxta 1. lanceefoliam inserenda.

246. EUGENIA TRISTIS, nov. sp.

Arbor glabra. ramulis teretibus crassis pallide brunneis ; folia elliptica

ad elliptico-obovata, basi acuta, petiolo 3—# poll. longo crasso, obtuse-

apiculata, coriacea, 4—5 poll. longa, glabra, opaca, nervis lateralibus sub-

distantibus et sat irregularibus crassiusculis et prominentibus ; flores.... ;

panicula fructicans corymbiformis, sessilis, terminalis, glabra, ramificationibus

brevibus et robustis ; baccee pedunculo crasso 1—2 lin. longo suffulte,

depresso-globose, cerasi magnitudinis, glabre, calysis limbo discoideo

patenter 4-lobo coronatze, 2 v. 1 sperme, endocarpio tenui carnoso ; calycis

lobi sub fructu c. 13 lin. longi, rotundata.—Tenasserim. Ex affinitate H,

grandis, sed foliorum indole longe distat.

247. Barrreronta aveusta (Stravadium augustum, Wall. Cat. 2637

pp.)

Arbor mediocris glabra; folia cuneato-oblonga ad obovato-cuneata,

basi attenuata obtusa v. acuta, petiolo crasso 8—4 lin. longo, acuta v.

subacuneata, 3—17 ped. longa, sursum crenulato-serrata, chartacea, glabra ;

flores conspicui, sessiles, in spicam longissimam fulvo-pulverulentam termi-

nalem dispositi; rachis crassa basi foliis numerosis reductis lanceolatis

cincta ; calyx velutinus, tubo ec. lin. longo v. longiore alatim 4-gono, lobis

rotundatis c. 2 lin. longis ; petala.... ; baccee (i¢mmaturee) fibroso-carnose,

234 S. Kurz—-New Burmese Plants. [No. 4,

oblonge, fulvo-pulverulente, calycis limbo coronate, 4-alate, alis carnosis

et crassis angustis undulatis.—Tenasserim.

248. BARRINGTONIA PTEROCARPA, NOV. Sp.

Arbor mediocris, 80—50-pedalis, glabra ; folia elongato-obovato-

lanceolata, basi cuneato-acuminata in petiolum breviorem v. longiorem

(usque 3% poll. longum) decurrentia, breviter acuminata. 1—17 ped.

longa, apicem versus crenulato-serrata, pergamacea, glabra; flores conspicui,

albi v. rosei (filamentis albis), sessiles, spicam longissimam robustam pul-

verulentam terminalem efficientes, rachis crassa basi foliis floralibus reductis

numerosis lanceolatis cincta; calyx velutinus, tubo lineam circiter longo

alatim 4-angulato, limbo 4-fido, lobis triangulari-ovatis acutis v. obtusiusculis

plus quam 3 lin. longis ; petala 3 poll. longa, ovato-oblonga, acuta; baccee

oblongee, fibroso-carnose, c. 2 poll. longe, 4-gonz, angulis anguste et

erasse alatis—Pegu, Martaban.—B. auguste valde affinis sed differt foliis

longe decurrentibus et calycis lobis.

LYTHRARIEA.

249. LAGERSTR@MIA MACROCARPA, Wall. Cat. 2114; Voigt. Hort.

Cale. 182.

Arbor parva v. mediocris 830—40-pedalis decidua, glabra ; folia oblonga

ad ovato-oblonga, breviter petiolata, vulgo larga preesertim juniora usque 14

ped. longa, adulta 5—6—-9 poll. longa, basi obtusa v. rotundata, chartacea,

obtusa, obtusiuscule apiculata v. passim acuminata, integra, glabra;

flores magni, 8—4 poll. in diametro, speciosi, violacei v. violaceo-purpurei,

pedicello crassiusculo canescenti-pulverulento suffulti, solitarii v. 2-ni—3-ni

cymosi et in paniculam depauperatam terminalem breviusculam collecti ;

calycis alabastrum oblongo-turbinatum, canescenti-velutinum, tenui-sulca-

tum nec costatum, lobis lanceolatis acutis secus margines haud incrassatis ;

petala 1—13 poll. longa, lato-elliptica v. suborbicularia, unguiculata, crispato-

undulata ; stamina equilonga; capsulee lignosze, 1—1 poll. longee, oblongze

mucronate ; semina L. Hlos regine, sed majora.—Birmania tota.—L. los

regine valde affinis.

250. LAGERSTR@MIA vitLosa, Wall. MS. in H. B. C.

Arbor magna, 80—90-pedalis, in locis siccioribus 40—50-pedalis,

ramulis, &c. dense puberulis ; folia ovata ad ovato-oblonga, petiolo brevis-

simo pubescente suffulta, basi rotundata, chartacea, magis minusve acuminata

2—4 poll. longa, supra minute velutina, subtus subcanescenti-pubescentia

v. puberula; flores parvi, albidi, pedicello gracili pubescente, in cymas

pedunculatas dispositi et paniculam terminalem contractam modlliter

puberulam efformantes ; calyx in alabastro turbinatus, dense canescenti-

puberulus, 4—5—6-lobus, lobis triangularibus acutis tubum 4:—6-costatum

longitudine fere eequantibus, costis subaliformibus ; petala minuta, calycis

1873.] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 235

dentes haud superantia, cuneato-lanceolata, acuta, alba; anthereo purpuree ;

capsulze oblongee, semipollicem circiter longee, mucronulatee, valvatim 4—6-

loculares.—Pegu, Martaban,

GENTIANE.

251. GENTIANA NUDICAULIS, nov. sp.

Herba erecta annua glabra cauli tereti nudo 1—2 pollicari; folia apice

rosulata, lineari-lanceolata ad linearia, basi snbattenuata sessilia acuta v.

acuminata, usque ad 1} poll. longa, coriacea, 3-nervia (nervis supra impres-

sis) ; flores cyanei, raro pallide coerulei, depauperato-cymosi et folioso-

pedunculati v. (in spp. Burmanicis) in glomeros densos axillares et terminales

congregati; calyx 3% poll. longus, infundibuliformis, plicato-5-angulatus,

usque ad medium 5-lobus, lobis lineari-subulatis albo-marginatis ; corolla

semipollicaris v. paulum longior, plicato-5-loba, lobis acutis v, acuminatis ;

stamina corollam longitudine subzequantes; filamenta stricta, sub medio

corolle tubi inserta; ovarium lineare, in stipitem brevem attenuatum ;

capsula clavata,crasse et breviter stipitata,a medio ala sursum latissima cincta

stylis 2 revolutis coronata; semina minuta, exalata, oblonga. Var. a.

genuina, ramuli evoluti et florentes paniculam spuriam efformantes ; var. £.

compacta, ramuli suppressi indeque flores compacto-glomeratiivar. a.

montes Assamiz (Griff. No. 5819); var. @. Martaban.

252. GENTIANA CRASSA, NOV. sp.

Suffrutex ramosus deorsum defoliatus; folia lanceolata ad obovato-

lanceolata, basi attenuata et cum folio opposito in vaginam brevem connata,

inferiora 1}—2 pollicaria, coriacea, obtusiuscule acuminata, 3-nervia, secus

margines subrevolutos subcrenulata: flores majusculi, sessiles et glomerati

et cymam terminalem majorem v. minorem foliatam compactam formantes ;

calyx fere 3 poll. longus, tubuloso-campanulatus, teres, profunde 5-lobus,

lobis valde inzequalibus, quorum 3 minimis lineari-lanceolatis e basi truncata

abrupte emissis, ceeteris 2 subfoliaceis tubi fere longitudinis oblongis acumi-

natis basi attenuatis 1-nerviis ; corolla pollicaris, infundibuliformi-campanu-

latus, plicato-5-lobus, lobis lato-ovatis, abrupte acuminatis ; stamina corolla

breviora, filamentis basin versus sensim latioribus tubo basin versus insertis ;

ovarium lineari-lanceolatum, in stipitem crassum attenuatum; capsula

compresso-lanceolata, acuminata, e corolld marcescente semi-exserta, stipite

plusquam 3 poll. longo suffulta, valvis stylo brevi revoluto terminatis.—

Martaban.

PHYLLOCYCLUS, nev. g.

Calyx campanulatus, inflatus teres. Corolla subregularis, lobis imbri-

catis, basi sepius bimaculatis. Stamina 4, 2 inferiora longiora fertilia

exserta polline miniato scatentia, 2 superiora subimelusa filamentis brevibus

suffulta effeeta. Ovarium 1-loculare, ovulis numerosis placentie bifide parie-

236 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 4,

tali insertis ; stylus deciduus ; stigma bilobum. Capsula 1-locularis, septi-

cide bivalvis. Semina plurima, placentis spongiosis immersa, minuta. Her-

be annuz facie Cyclophylli generis Canscora, sed foliis omnibus _perfoliatis

caulibus teretibus et floribus vulgo solitariis axillaribus. Genus Canscora

inter alia differt : corollee lobi 2 inferiores approximati a medio tali modo

replicati ut plicis arcte approximatis quasi lobum singulum mentient indeque

eorollam prima facie 3-lobam immitent; stamina 4, quorum unum tantum

fertile et multo longius in plica loborum inferiorum receptum, cetera multo

minora effeta sunt.

253. Pu. Hetrertana, (Canscora Helferiana, Wall. MS.).

Herba annua dichotomo-ramosa glabra 1—2-pedalis; folia perfoliata,

orbicularia, $—1 poll. lata, radiato-venosa, membranacea ; flores parvi, albi-

di, pedicello brevissimo gracili suffulti, solitarii, axillares ; calyx levis, teres,

campanulatus, ¢c. 3 lin. longus, lato-4-dentatus ; corolla tubus calycis longi-

tudine, inflatus, limbo parvo 4-lobo, lobis oblongis obtusiusculis ; capsula

veeeee -—Tenasserim (Helf. 5816).

Altera species hujus generis, C. Parishii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5429,

facile distinguitur floribus duplo majoribus, lobis multo latioribus, etc.

PEDALINEA.

254. Branprsta pisconor, Hf. et Th.

Capsula ovalis, compressiuscula, semipollicem fere longa, calyce sub-

duplo longior, fulvo-tomentosa, mucronata, semina linearia, 2 lin. longa.—

Wightiae, Wall., arcte affinis. Etiam Buddleie generi affinis, sed differt

corolla irregulari, etc. et certissime inter Sesameas recipienda est. Gardneria,

a cl. Benthamio Loganiaceis adnumerata, Solanea esse videtur.

EUPHORBIACEZ.

255. ACTEPHILA PUBERULA, nov. sp.

Frutex 4—8-pedalis, novellis minute puberulis; stipule ovate, breves

valde decidue ; folia elliptico- v. obovato-oblonga, basi rotundata v. subcor-

data, petiolo 3—13 pollicari puberulo glabrescente suffulta, 4—7 poll. longa,

obtusiuscule acuminata, integra, crasse membranacea vy. chartacea, supra

glabra, subtus secus nervos puberula et glabrescentia, in sicco flavescenti-

viridia ; flores aurantiaci, monoici v. dioici, solitarii, axillares ; calyx coria-

ceus ; capsula cerasi magnitudine, granulato-rugulosa, pedunculo sursum

incrassato 3—2 pollicari glabro suffulta.—Andamans (etiam in insulis Nico-

baricis).—Actephila habitu et characteribus generi Trigonostemoni valde

accedit sed ovulorum numero distinguitur. Zylosepalum aurantiacum, Kurz, —

quod cl. Muell. Arg. ad Codizum duxit, ad genus Zrigonostemon repel-

lendum est ubi in sect. VI. Hutrigonostemone inserendum (cf. Teysm. et

Binnend. Cat. pl. hort. Bogor 1868, p. 223).—

a SS) ee

a sat ii es ee

me,

i nd

1873.] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 237

256. ANTIDESMA FRUTICULOSUM, nov. sp.

Fruticulus 2—4-pedalis ramosus pubescens ; stipule lineares, acumi-

nate, fulvo-pubescentes, petiolo longiores, 2—3 lin. longe ; folia parva,

elliptico- ad obovato-lanceolata, petiolo crasso c. lin. longo fulvo-pubescente,

basi attenuata rotundata v. obtusa, 1—2} poll. longa, breviter et obtusiuscule

acuminata cum mucrone, passim obtusa v. retusa, membranacea, supra sparse

hirsuta subtus imprimis secus nervos adpresse pubescentia; flores minuti,

sessiles, in spicas breves sat robustas fulvo-tomentosas simplices v. raro

compositas vulgo e ramulis reductis ortas collecti ; bracteze ovato-lanceolate,

pilose, minute ; calyx extus tomentosus, 4-partitus, lobis rotundatis sub-

acutis ; discus subglaber ; stamina 2 v. 8, antheris didymis ; stylus terminalis,

simplex ; drupe rubree dein atropurpures, suboblique ovoidew, leves, 2—24

lin. long, putathine compresso subrugoso.—Pegu.— A. Rowxburghii, Wall.

valde affinis, sed omnibus partibus minor.—N. B. A. molle, Mull. Arg.

synonymon est A. velutinosi, Bl. ; bracteze dum juveniles obovate, dein sub

anthesi lineari-lanceolatee.

GLocHIDION, Forst.

Genus dist'nctissimum, a cl. Muell. Arg. cum Phyllanthi genere inapte

conjunctum, structura florum femineorum et etiam (uti jam beat. Roxbur-

ghius docuit) arillo (spurio) facile distinguitur. In sicco hic arillus

spurius v. potius tegumentum exterius seminis utplurimum pulchre miniatus

Vv. coccineus succosus more Kuphorbiacearum aliarum (e. g. Claoxylon etc.)

membraniformis indeque ab auctoribus plurimis omnino pretervisus erat.

Omnes species acl. Muell. Arg. in De. Prod. vol. XV. et a cl. Benthamio

in Flora Austr. vol. VI. sub Hw.- et Hemi-glochidione publicate iterum ad

genus Glochidi reducendee sunt.

257. GLOCHIDION DASYSTYLUM, nov. sp.

Arbuscula v. frutex 15—20-pedalis, pubescens, ramulis subteretibus

fulvo- v. ferrugineo-hirsutis ; folia ovata, subobliqua, petiolo 1 lin. longo

tomentosa, acuminata, basi rotundata v. obtusa, 2—3 poll. longa, chartacea,

-mmolliter pubescentia, adulta supra minute puberula ; flores desunt, feminei

fasciculati v. subumbellati; capsule pedicello gracillimo usque ad 4 poll.

longo piloso suffultee, depresso-globose, c. ¢ poll. in diametro, 3-loculares et

6-lobulate, patenter albo-pilosz ; columna stylaris brevis, 3-fida, lobis linea-

ribus simplicibus patentibus pubescentibus.—Martaban.—Gynoon hirsutum,

Wicht Ic. t. 1909 habitum plantze supra descriptee optime representat sed

certissime specifice distinctum est.

258. GLOCHIDION LEIOSTYLUM, nov. sp.

Frutex macnus v. arbuscula, ramulis subangulatis novellisque pubes-

centibus ; folia oblique ovata ad oblongo-ovata, petiolo lin. longo pubescente,

basi inzequali acuta v. obtusa, longius v. brevius szpius obtusiuscule acumi-

nata et mucronata, chartacea, supra costa excepta glabra, subtus preeser-

288 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 4,

tim secus nervos puberula ; flores minuti, maseuli pedicello longo gracili

pubescente, feminei sessiles v. subsessiles, glomerati; maris calyx vulgo 5-

fidus, lobis lanceolatis acutis; stamina 3; fem. calyx 5-partitus, parce

pubescens, segmentis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis ; ovarium villosum; co-

lumna stylaris conica, sursum attenuata et 3-fida, levissima ; capsule omni-

no iis G. dasystyli conformes, depresso-globose, ¢c. ¢ poll. in diametro, 3-

loculares et 6-lobulatze, pilosule, sessiles v. brevissime pedunculatee stylis

glabris.—Pegu, Martaban, Tenasserim.—Priori arcte affinis.

259. GuocHIpIon ANDAMANICUM, nov. sp. (Phyllanthus Andamani-

cus, Kurz in And. Rep. ed. 1. p. XVI.)

Arbuseula 25-pedalis glaberrima, ramulis compresso-angulatis ; folia

elliptica v. elliptico-oblonga, inferiora szepius minora et suborbiculari-ellipti-

ca, basi acuta v. obtusa, petiolo 1$—23 lin. longo suffultay obtusa v. obtu-

siuscule acuminata, 2—3 poll. longa, tenui-coriacea, levia, subtus glauces-

centia, flores fem. parvi, sessiles, glomerati, masculi pedicello gracili puberulo

suffulti, axillares, fasciculati: calyx maris puberulus, lobis oblongis obtusis ;

stamina 3; calyx fem. 5-lobus, parce puberulus ; ovarium villoso-tomento-

sum, columna stylaris crasse conica, ovarii crassitudine, truncata, stigmatibus

5—6 tuberculiformibus terminata; capsules 6—4-cocce, depresso-globose,

utrinque concave, canescenti-puberule et 12—8-sulcatz, plus quam } poll.

in diametro.—Andamans.—Ex affinitate G. Bancani, Miq. speciei haud

cum G. Zeylanico conjungende.

Crcca, L.

Sub nomine hocce Phyllanthi species epicarpio carnoso a me conjungun-

tur ; structura florum et masculorum et femineorum autem valde diversa est,

viz.

Subg. I. EHucrtcoa (Cicea, L.) Flores tetrameri. Stamina libera 4,

Glandulz in maribus et hermaphroditis liberee et distinctee. Capsule dru-

pacese, magne, carnose, seepius 4-cocce.

Subg. II. Srcurtneca, Muell. Arg. Flores 5-meri. Stamina 5, li-

bera. Discus annulari-5-gonus. Capsula bacciformis, 3- v. abortu 2-cocea,

alba, in vivo magis minusve succulenta.

Subg. III. Kireanenrm, A. Juss. Flores 5—6-meri. Stamina dia-

delpha, interiora 3 omnino, exteriora basi tantum connata. Glandule in

fem. distincte. Capsulee bacciformes, 12—6-cocex, succulent, purpurese

v. atropurpuree.

Subg. IV. Empurica, Gertn. Flores vulgo 6-meri.

Stamina in co-

lumnam connata. Ovarium 38-loculare.

Glandule in fem. urceolato-conna-

te. Capsule drupacee, magne, aqueo-albe, putamine capsulari 3-cocco

lignoso tarde dehiscente,

—_

ew at an

1873.] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 239

260. Crcca (EMBLICA) ALBIZZIOIDES, nov. sp.

Arbor elegans, 25—30-pedalis, novellis puberulis ; folia oblonga, infe-

riora elliptica v: suborbicularia, subsessilia, basi rotundata, usque ad poll.

longa et } poll. lata, retusa v. obtusa, chartacea, glabra, subtus glaucescen-

tia ; flores minuti, flavescentes, glabri, pedicello glabro gracili suffulti, femi-

nei subsessiles, secus ramulos novellos pubescentes glomerati et racemum

interruptum subaphyllum efformantes ; calycis lobi obovato-lineares, columna

staminalis longiuscula et gracilis ; styli 8, basi connati, 2-fidi, lobulis latius-

culis integrisque ; capsule drupacee lis C. Hmblice conformes sed duplo

majores, sessiles, in vivo plus quam poll. in diametro, globose, aqueo-albi et

nervose, pericarpio carnoso acidissimo.—Pegu.

261. Crcca (MMBLICA) MACROCARPA, Nov. sp.

Arbuscula 20—25-pedalis, habitu C. Himblice, sed cortice aspero fisso

rugoso insignis, ramulis puberulis ; folia anguste linearia, subsessilia, acuta

v. obtusiuscula, basi rotundata, coriacea, marginibus subreflexis, $—#? poll.

longa, glauco-viridia, glabra ; flores lutescentes, pedicellis filiformibus sufful-

ti, secus ramulos novellos breves aphyllos fasciculati et racemum compactius-

culum usque poll. longum canescenti-pubescentem efformantes ; calyx glaber,

6-partitus, lobis obovato-oblongis ; columna staminalis gracilis, styli 3, basi

breviter connati, robusti, 2-lobi, lobulis latis et brevibus 8-crenulatis; cap-

sule drupacee cum iis C. albizzioidis exacte congruunt—Prome, Pegu.—C. »

Emblice arcte affinis, sed differt cortice, stylorum lobis et capsulis duplo

majoribus.

262. APOROSA VILLOSULA, nov. sp.

Arbor sempervirens, 25—30-pedalis, novellis parce pubescentibus mox

glabrescentibus ; folia oblonga ad elliptico- et obovato-oblonga, basi obtusa

v. acuta, petiolo apice incrassato —% glabro suffulta, breviter et obtusiuscule

acuminata v. apiculata, integra v. subintegra, 8—5 poll. longa, rigide char-

tacea v. subcoriacea, glabra, in sicco fuscescentia et nitentia; flores minuti

(masculi desunt), feminei sessiles, bracteis latis obtusiusculis glabris ciliolatis

dense imbricatis protecti et spicas amentaceas breves usque semipollicem

longas binas v. per plures glomeratas axillares v. supra follorum delapsorum

cicatricibus orientes efformantes ; ovarium dense fulvo-villosum, stigmatibus

leevibus brevibus recurvis breviter bilobis terminatum ; bacce aurantiacee, ovoi-

dee, pisi majoris magnitudine, apiculate, parce hirsutule v. passim subgla-

bre, 2—1-loculares.—Pegu, Martaban, Tenasserim, Andamans.—A. Row-

burghiane nimis affinis—N. B. Antidesma lunatum, Miq. = Aporosa

lunatuin, mihi; hic planta cl. Maingay No, 1416 et Wall. Cat. 5975, sub

nomine “ Cynometra fide Bentham.”

263. HyMENOCARDIA PLICATA, nov. sp. (Coccoceras plicatum, Muell.

Arg. ?)

240 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 4,

Arbor decidua, novellis ferrugineo-puberulis ; folia oblonga et elliptico-ad

obovato-oblonga, petiolo poll. longo v. paulum longiore puberulo suffulta, basi

3-nervia rotundata v. subcordata et seepius subattenuata, breviter et abrupte

obtusiuscule acuminata, crenato-repanda, 8—5 poll. longa, chartacea, subtus

secus nervos puberula et dense lutescenti- v. rubescenti-glandulosa ; flores

dioici, masc. pedicello brevissimo puberulo, glomerati, feminei sessiles, in race-

mos elongatos axillares v. supra foliorum delapsorum cicatricibus egredientes

dum juvenilia amentaceos collecti ; calyx mase. in alabastro globosus, sub-

elaber; stamina numerosa, libera; ovarium dimerum, compressum, dense

o'landuloso-punctatum, transverse rugoso-plicatum, stylis 2 brevibus mag-

nis dense papilloso-villosis terminatum ; capsulee desiderantur.—Pegu, Mar-

taban, Tenasserim (Helf. 4963).—Inter plantam meam et eam cl. Muell.

Arg. ex descriptione discrimen nullum adest nisi ovarium dimerum, nec alato

3-gonum. Mallotus Wallichianus, Muell. Arg. ex Ava,a me non visa, nulla

nota differe videtur. Hymenocardia, ovulis solitariis nec binis gaudens, a

Coccocerate 1mprimis seminibus compressis et testze textura differt. Nume-

rus coccorum in Coccocerate variat 2—4: (et probabiliter usque 5).

264. CYCLOSTEMON EGLANDULOSUM (Hopea eglandulosa, Roxb. FI.

Ind. II. 611).

Arbor mediocris, 40—50-pedalis, glabra ; folia subobliqua, ovato-oblon-

ga v. ovato-lanceolata, basi acuta v. obtusa, petiolo 2—3 lin. longo gracili

suffulta, integra, obtusiuscule acuminata, 1};—2 poll. longa, tenui-coriacea,

eleganter reticulata, glabra ; flores masculi-glabri, feminei puberuli, c. 3 lin.

in diametro, pedicello puberulo ec. $ pollicari suffulti, solitari v. raro bini

et axillares ; ovarium fulvo-velutino-pubescens, 2-loculare ; stigmata sessilia

glabra, dilatato-3-angularia, crenata; drupe desunt.—Arracan (etiam in

montibus Bengaliz orientalis).

265. CYCLOSTEMON SUBSESSILE, nov. sp.

Arbuscula 25—380-pedalis, glabra; folia oblonga ad_ elliptico-oblonga,

basi subineequalia, obtusiuscule et szepius subabrupte acuminata, 4—6 poll.

longa, chartacea, integra v. undulata v. obsolete crenata, glabra, laxe reticu-

lata; flores parvi, pedicello vix } lin. longo canescenti-pubescente suffulti,

olomerati, axillares, calycis lobi concavo-orbiculares, extus canescenti-pubes-

centes, lineam circiter longi; drupe ovoideo-oblonge, obsolete 4-lobe, ec.

2—# poll. longee, pedunculo usque ad 1 lin. longo suffulte, aurantiace, dense

fulvo-puberulz, 2-loculares et 2-sperme, stigmatibus 2 v. raro 3 obtusius-

culis minutis sessilibus coronate.—Martaban (etiam in montibus Khasya-

nis).

266. Hemicycrta AnpAMANICA, Kurz in And. Rep. 1870, p. 47.

Arbor 40—50-pedalis, glabra ; folia ovato-oblonga v. oblongo-lanceolata,

basi rotundata inzequalia, petiolo parce pubescente glabrescente 2—3 lin. longo

suffulta, caudato-acuminata, obsolete repando-serrata, rigidiuscule chartacea,

eee arr

1873. ] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 241

38—35 poll. longa, eleganter reticulata, glabra; flores majusculi, pedicello

minute appresse-hirsuto 1—1} lin. longo suffulti, solitarii v. bini, axillares :

calyx appresse puberulus, lobis concavo-rotundatis, 2 interioribus tenuioribus

ce. 2 lin. longis ; stamina numerosa ; drupe pedunculo vulgo deflexo crasso

2—3 lin. longo, obverse ovoides, plus quam semipollicem longs, teretes,

leeves, putamine semiterete, tenui-coriaceo.—Andamans. (Helfer 4962, mas).

267. Brieperia amM@Na, Wall. ap. Voigt. Hort. Cale. 157.

Arbuscula 15—25-pedalis, glabra; folia elliptica ad obovato-elliptica,

petiolo leevi 2 lin. longo, basi obtusa, 25—4 poll. longa, obtusa v. rotundata

tenui-chartacea, glabra, subtus subglaucescentia, nervis lateralibus et reticu-

latione exiguis ; flores glabri, masculi flavescentes, multo minores, feminei

brevi-pedicellati, dense glomerati, rubri, axillares ; calyx fem. glaber, lobis

lanceolatis subulato-acuminatis, lin. fere longis: petala minuta, obovato—

oblonga, rosea ; discus orbicularis, sublobatus ; drupze globose, pisi magnitu-

dine, succulentee, atropurpurez, leves.—Burma. Genus Briedelia a Lebi-

dieropside differt coccis inter se non connatis et seminum testa membra-

nacea sicca. Drupa in Lebidieropside epicarpio carnoso gaudet, cocci lignosi

connati et semina tegumento exteriori succoso-carnoso circumdata sunt.

268. BRIEDELIA PUBESCENS, nov. sp.

Arbuscula 20—80-pedalis, novellis pubescentibus; folia elliptico-ad

obovato-oblonga, basi rotundata v. obtusa, petiolo c. 2 lin longo pubescente,

breviter et abrupte acuminata v. apiculata, tenui-chartacea, integra, supra gla-

bra v. subglabra, subtus fulvescenti-pubescentia ; flores parvi, albi, pedicello

brevi pubescente suffulti, glomerati, axillares ; calyx dense puberulus, lobis

lanceolatis c. 1 lin. longis, petala obovata, truncata et 3-denticulata, discus

magnus, orbicularis, aureus; drupze desunt.—Pegu.—Habitus omnino JB.

Moon, Thw. .

269. BRiIEDELIA DASYCALYX, nov. sp.

Frutex magnus scandens, novellis fulvo-pubescentibus ; folia obovata ad

obovato-oblonga, basi obtusa, petiolo crassiusculo c. 2 lin. longo suffulta,

breviter acuminata apiculata v. obtusiuscula, 2—6 poll. longa, obsolete

repanda, chartacea, supra glabrescentia, subtus subglaucescentia et parce

pubescentia, nervis venisque valde prominentibus ; flores parvi, fulvo-tomen-

tella, sessiles, numerosi, in glomeros densos tomentosos axillares collecti et

seepius in racemum terminalem reducto-foliatum transformati ; calyx extus

dense fulvo-pubescens, ¢. 2 lin. in diametro, lobis sub fructu lin. longis lan-

ceolatis acutis ; discus orbicularis, leevis, in centro annulo setoso drupe basin

cingente auctus ; petala obovato-linearia ; drupz ovoideo-elliptic, pisi mag-

nitudine, leves, atropurpurez, succulentze, calyce non accrescente suffulte.

Var. a. genuina, frutex scandens, folia multo majora et texture tenuioris,

acuminata. Var. @. aridicola, frutex minor et erectus, folia minora, usque

24.2 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 4,

ad 8 poll. longa et subcoriacea, obtusiuscula v. obtusa-—Var. a, Ava, Prome,

Pegu ; var. 8. Prome.—Ex affinitate B. stipularis, Bl.

270. CLEISTANTHUS STENOPHYLLUS, nov. sp.

Arbor vy. frutex ? glaber ; folia lineari-lanceolata, basi acuta, petiolo 2

lin. longo, longe subulato-acuminata, 3—4 poll. longa, chartacea, integra,

glabra subtus subpallida ; flores minuti sessiles, pauci glomerati, axillares ;

bractez ciliatee; calyx extus parce appresse pubescens ; ovarium glabrum,

sessile ; capsulee desunt.—Tenasserim v. Andamans (Helf. 4875).—N. B.

Nanopetalum, Hassk. ad Cleistanthum certissime reducendum est.

271. CROTON ROBUSTUS, NOV. sp.

Arbuscula robusta, 15—25-pedalis, novellis dense ferrugineo-lepidotis ;

folia elliptica v. elliptico-oblonga, petiolo crasso ferrugineo-lepidoto usque

pollicem longo suffulta, basi biglandulosa obtusa v. acuta, 1;—2 poll. longa,

obtusa v. obtusiuscula cum v. absque mucrone, raro subretusa, coriacea, ob-

solete repanda v. integra, subtus parce ferrugineo v. lutescenti-lepidota et

glabrescentia, nervis lateralibus tenuibus vix conspicuis ; flores parvi, masculi

brevi-pedicellati canescenti-villoso-lepidoti, feminei subsessiles, majores fer-

rugineo-lepidoti racemos breviores spiciformes formantes, rachi canescenti- v.

ferrugineo-tomentoso-lepidota et sulcata; calyx tomentoso-lepidotus; styli

2-fidi; ovarium dense cupreo-lepidotum ; capsule globoso-ovoidex, 3-cocce,

6-sulcate, pisi majoris magnitudine, fulvo-argentez, obsolete lepidoto-tuber-

culate ; semina 3 lin. fere longa, 3-angulari-oblonga, lzvia, brunnea.—Pegu,

Tenasserim.—Ex affinitate C. argyrati, Bl. (syn. OC. bicolor, Roxb.).

272. CROTON CALOCOCCUS, nov. sp.

Fruticulus stellato-hirsutulus ; folia elliptico-ovata v. ovata, basi biglan-

dulos4 rotundata, petiolo gracili 8—4-lin. longo stellato-aspero suffulta,

breviter acuminata, repando-serrulata, raro subintegra, 1—2 poll. longa, mem-

branacea, flavescenti viridia, subtus stellato-pubescentia, supra stellato-aspe-

ra; bractez minute, subulate, hirsute ; flores graciliter pedicellati, racemos

graciles pubescentes terminales formantes ; calyx hispidus, lobis sub fructu

e. 14 lin. longis lanceolatis ; capsule pisi magnitudine, profunde et subdiva-

ricato 8-lobee et 3-coccee, tuberculis pilis hispidis radiantibus terminatis

obtectze ; semina leevia, brunnea.—Pegu, Rangoon.—Species elegans, C.

Tight habitu, nulli arcte affinis.

273. CROTON FLOCCULOSUS nov. sp.

Arbuscula, novellis dense sed fugaciter albo- v. flavescenti-stellato-tomen-

tosis ; folia cordato-ovata, basi biglandulosa 5-nervia cordata v. rotundata,

3—8 poll. longa et fere equilata, obtusiuscule et subabrupte acuminata vy.

apiculata, crenata v. crenato-serrata (in serraturis glandulosa v. eglandulosa),

membranacea, juniora subtus dense stellato floecosa, dein utrinque v. supra

tantum glabrescentia ; flores...... pedicellati, in racemos terminales dispositi ;

capsule nutantes, pisi magni magnitudine, subglobose et obsolete 3-angula-

)

ht 4

1873. ] S. Kurz—WNew Burmese Plants. 243

res, crustaceze, dense et molliter canescenti-stellato-tomentose ; semina c.

2 lin. longa, elliptico-oblonga, dorso convexo levia.—Pegu, Prome.—C.

caudato affinis.

274. CROTON SUBLYRATUS, nov. sp.

Frutex deciduus, 5—8-pedalis, novellis ferrugineo-furfuraceis ; folia

obovato-ad sublyrato-oblonga, basi stipitato-biglandulos4 attenuata rotunda-

ta v. subcordata, petiolo —¥ pollicari stellato-furfuraceo suffulta, obtusa v.

obtusiuscule acuminata, 8—5-poll. longa, argute repando-serrulata, membra-

nacea, adulta glabra v. subtus secus nervos stellato-aspera: flores parvl,

pedicellati, stellato-tomentosa, racemum ferrugineo- v. fulvo-stellato-tomen-

tosum ramulos novellos terminantem formantes; sepala lato-lanceolata,

acuta, extus fulvo-pubescentia ; petala marginibus ciliato-pubescentia ; torus

pilosus ; stamina c. 15—20, glabra ; petala in fl. fem. nulla; ovarium dense

fulvo-stellato-tomentosum, stigmatibus brevibus ; capsule parvee, pisi mino-

ris magnitudine, 3-cocce, subglobosx, crustacez, leeves, parce appresse-stel-

lato-hirte ; semina 2 lin. fere longa, albido- et brunneo-variegata, leevia.—

Andamans.—OQ. Tiglio quodammodo affinis.

275. CROTON CROZOPHOROIDES, nov. sp.

Suffrutex erectus, 1—1}-pedalis, dense stellato-tomentosus ; folia ovali-

oblonga v. ovalia, basi stipitato-biglandulosa rotundata v. obtusa, petiolo

4—1} pollicari stellato-tomentoso subglabrescente suffulta, obtusa v. acuta,

4—2 poll longa, indistincte dentato-crenata (denticulis pilis stellatis ter-

minatis), crasse membranacea, juniora dense canescenti-stellato-tomentosa,

supra granulato-aspera et subtus tomentella, nervis et reticulatione crassis

et prominentibus ; flores lutescentes, parvi, masculi pedicello 1—2 lin. longo

(feminei brevi crasso) stellato-tomentoso suffulti, racemos longos stellato-

pubescentes ramulos novellos axillares terminantes formantes ; bractew con-

spicuz, 2—3 lin. long, lineares, stellato-pubescentes et muriculis coccineo-

glandulosis ciliate , calyx extus dense fulvo-stellato-tomentosus, femineus

major, lobis lanceolatis acutis ; petala maris oblongo-lanceolata, marginibus

albo-villosis ; stamina numerosa, glabra, toro piloso inserta ; ovarium dense

fulvo-stellato-tomentosum, stylis coccineis, bis dichotomice-divisis ; capsule

ovoideo-globose, leviter 3-lobe, 3-cocce, cerasi putaminis magnitudine,

apice depress, fulvo-stellato-tomentose, crustacese.—Species pulcherrima

distinctissima, habitu omnino Jwlocrotonis.—Prome. ‘

276. C@LODISCUS HIRSUTULUS, nov. sp.

Suffrutex 1—2-pedalis, simplex, ramulis junioribus compressis_ hirsutis ;

folia opposita, suborbicularia, 5—6 poll. longa et subzequilata, basi 7-nervid

subobsolete maculata cordata, petiolo ;—1 ped. fere longo pubescente sufful-

ta, brevissime et obtusiuscule acuminata, subintegra v. obsolete repando-

dentata, chartacea, utrinque sparse sed longe hispida, subtus prominenter et

erasse nervosa, glabrescentia et parce aureo-glandulosa ; spicae masculee dens:e

244 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 4,

et breves, usque 4 pollicares, sessiles, fulvo-tomentelle, axillares ; bractezo

sublineares, calyce paulo longiores ; calyx maris plusquam lin. in diametro,

fulvo-tomentellus, in alabastro globosus ; sepala 3, lato concavo-ovata ; stami-

na numerosissima, glabra ; flores feminei et capsulee ignotze.—Pegu, Prome.—

Ccelodiscus melius species omnes Malloti includit que alabastro apiculato

et seminibus carunculatis gaudent. Genus tali modo reformatum, charac-

teribus stabilibus ornatum, magis naturale evadit, et inter alia Wallotum

eriocarpoidem, eriocarpum, lappaceum, longipedem et disparem recipit.

277. CULAOXYLON LONGIPETIOLATUM, nov. sp.

Frutex subsimplex v. arbuscul1, 8—15-pedalis, caulibus fistulosis et

novellis appresse pubescentibus, folia elliptica ad ovato-oblonga, basi acuta

v. obtusa, v. raro subcordata, petiolo 5—3 poll. longo suffulta, breviter et

tenuiter acuminata, 4—8 poll. longa, crasse membranacea, undulato-crenata.

v. crenato-dentata, penninervia, utrinque scabra, subtus secus nervos parce

appresse pubescentia ; flores parvi, masculi racemos nutantes canescentes

appresse hispidos formantes ; capsula (unica tantum adest in montibus Kha-

sya a cl. Hookero et Thomsonio collecta et a speciminibus ipsis separata) iis

Malloti eriocarpoidt nimis affinis, profunde 3-loba, muricibus hirsutis obtec-

ta, stylis simplicibus papilloso-fimbriatis coronata, 3-cocca, coccis pisi mag-

nitudine.—Pegu, Martaban.—C. longifolio affinis.

278. CLAOXYLON LEUCOCARPUM, nov. sp.

Fruticulus 3—4-pedalis, caulibus fistulosis, novellis stellato-pubescen-

tibus ; folia ampla, lato-ovata, basi rotundata v. subcordata, petiolo pube-

rulo glabrescente 3—8 pollicari suffulta, pedem circiter longo et fere eequila-

ta, basi crasse-3- v. sub-5-nervia, breviter et obtusiuscule acuminata, repando-

dentata, membranacea, supra stellato-aspera, subtus stellato-puberula, nervis

venisque transversis crassis et prominentibus percursa ; flores desunt, feminei

breviter-pedicellati, racemos breves stellato-tomentosos axillares efformantes ;

calyx stellato-tomentosus, inequali-2-sepalus ; ovarium dense muricatum,

stellato-hispidum ; capsulee pedunculo puberulo 2—38 lin. longo erasso sufful-

tee, cerasi minoris magnitudine, 3-v. raro 4- v. 2-cocce et -lobex, stylis crassis

papilloso-fimbriatis coronate, dense muricati (muricibus_ stellato-hispidis),

albee, carnoso-coriacee ; semina subgloboso-ovoidea, leevia, pisi minoris mag-

nitudine, arillo niveo succulento omnino inclusa.—Pegu.

$79. TRacia BURMANICA, nov. sp.

Frutex volubilis, novellis appresse puberulis ; folia larga, cordato-ovata,

petiolo 1—8 pollicari canescenti-appresse-puberulo suffulta, basi 5-nervia

sinuato-cordata, breviter et abrupte acuminata, tenui-chartacea, remote denti-

culata v. subintegra, 2—5 poll. longa, supra sparse albo-setulosa, flores de-

sunt; pedunculi solitari, graciles, 2—3 poll. longi, puberuli, e ramulis novel-

lis axillaribus egredientes ; calycis lobi sub fructu lato-ovati, foliacei, acuti,

pollicem fere longi, extus sparsius, intus dense appresse setosi; capsule 3-

—_——_— — ee eS ea

1873.]} S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 245

cocce, coccis pisi majoris magnitudine, longe et rigide appresse hirsute,

lignosx, calyce aucto 6-foliolato sustente ; semina globosa, velutina, pul-

cherrime atrobrunneo-tigrinee.—Martaban.

BLUMEODENDRON nov. g.

Flores dioici. Calyx maris valvatus, 8-partitus. Petala nulla. Dis-

cus maris glandiformis. Stamina numerosa, libera, receptaculo centrali ele-

vato inserta. Ovarii rudimentum nullum.” Ovarium 3-loculare, ovulis soli-

tariis. Capsula magna, fibroso-carnoso, 3-cocca. Semina magna, arillo

spurio crasso involuta. Albumen saponaceum. Cotyledones foliacei, sub-

orbiculares ; radicula brevis.—Arbores, foliis oppositis et utplurimum verti-

cillatis, simplicibus, petiolis incrassato-articulatis. Flores mediocres, pedi-

cellati, breviter racemosi, racemis fasciculatis axillaribus.

Genus a cl. Muell. Arg. cum MMalloto incaute conjunctum.

280. BriumrEopENDRON Toxprat, (MMallotus Tokbrai, Muell. Arg. in

DC. Prod. XV/2 956.) Etiam in insulis Andamanicis occurrit.

Altera species, sub nomine Paracrotonis penduli in Horto Bogoriensi

culta et sub eodem nomine a cl. Muell. Arg. in Prodromo annotata, nomine

Bl. Muelleri saluto. Folia sunt minora, texture tenuioris et subtus levia.

—Paracreion pendulus, Miq., mihi ignota est, sed jam racemis 8—43-peda-

libus capsulisque tomentosis toto ecelo differt.

N. B. MMallotus albus, Muell. Arg. = MW. tetracoccus (Rottlera tetra-

cocca, Roxb. H. Ind. III. 826.)—Rottlera alba, Roxb. cum Malloto panicu-

lato, Muell. Arg. conjungenda est.

281. CLEIDION nITIDUM, Thw. MS.

Arbuscula glaberrima; folia lato- ad elliptico-lanceolata, petiolo 2—8

lin. longo (in speciminibus Ceylonicis longiore) crasso suffulta, utringue

acuminata, a medio repando-dentata, 2—8¥ poll. longa, tenui-coriacea, ¢la-

bra, in sicco fuscescentia ; flores masculi parvi, glabri, sessiles, pauci, glome-

rati, spicam glabram v. indistincte puberulam elongatam oppositifoliam

terminalem efficientes ; calyx glaber, in alabastro globosus ; flores aperti etc.

ignoti.—Andamans.

282. MacaraNGA MOLLIUSCULA, nov. sp.

Arbor mediocris, novellis molli-pubescentibus ; stipules magne, lineari-

oblong, acuminatee; folia magis minusve orbiculari-ovata, petiolo 83—4

pollicari glabrescente glaucescente suffulta, basi multinervia lato-cordata,

4—14 ped. in diametyro, sinuato-denticulata, breviter acuminata, membranacea

v. submembranacea, supra molli-puberula v. subglabra, subtus dense puberula

et luteo-glandulosa, raro glabrescentia ; flores parvi, masculi et feminei sessi-

les, 111i glomerati bractea foliacea 2—4 lin. longa lato-ovali v. ovat&é acumi-

nata dentata v. pectinata protecti et paniculam axillarem pedunculatam

subgracilem puberulam efficientes ; feminei solitarii bractea cuneato-oblonga

246 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 4,

sepius 3-loba serrato-dentata v. fimbriata foliacea tomentella c. —% polli-

eari subtenti, spicas simplices interruptas puberulas formantes; antheree

5—6; ovarium appresse hispidulum, 2-loculare; styli 2, subulati; capsule

desunt. Andamans (Helf. 4722).—

N. B. IL. gummiflua, Muell. Arg. = I. denticulata, Muell. Arg.

283. MACARANGA MEMBRANACEA, nov. sp.

Frutex sursum ramosus, 2—4-pedalis, novellis puberulis, ramulis gla-

brescentibus et glaucescenti-fuscis ; folia ovata v. suboblongo-ovata, non

peltata, basi 3-nervid subtruncata v. subsinuato-rotundata, petiolo gracili

1—3 poll. longo puberulo suffulta, 2—4 poll. longa, simplicia v. passim in

lobos 2 v. 1 laterales longe acuminatos producta, remote calloso-dentata,

longissime et tenuiter acuminata, juniora utrinque rubescenti-glandulosa et

subvelutina, v. supra glabrescentia; flores masculi, ignoti, feminei sessiles,

solitarii bini v. terni, bractea foliaced 3—2 pollicari ovaté acuminata lacera-

to-dentataé puberula et glandulosa subtenti et in capitulum involucratum

pedunculo 1—8 poll. longo pubescente axillari suffultum collecti; calyx

urceolatus, limbo tubulari styli basin amplectente, ovarium rubicundo-glan-

dulosum et hirsutum, styli 2, 4 poll. longi, filiformes, glabri; capsule 2-

cocee et 2-lobe, coccis pisi minoris magnitudine, rubicundo-glanduloso-

pulverulentze et muricibus filiformibus glabris sparsis obtectz ; semina glo-

bosa, brunnea, leevia.—Ava, Martaban.—JZ. involucrate afiinis.

284. CoprmumM AMDAMANICUM, nov. sp.

Frutex magnus, glaber; folia obovato-oblonga ad elliptica, basi acuta

v. obtusa, petiolo 3—10 lin. longo, breviter et obtusiuscule acuminata, 3—6

poll. longa, pergamacea, integra, glabra; flores parvi, masculi pedicello

eapillari 3—4 lin. longo suffulti et racemum umbelli- v. corymbi-formem

formantes, feminei paulo majores, pedicello brevissimo crasso supportati et

corymbulum subsessilem ramulos novellos seepius axillares terminantem

efficientes ; calycis lobi rotundati, glabri, i fl. fem. ovati, acuti; petala in

mare parva; glandule hypogyne magne, trigono-truncate, carnosee ; stami-

na in seriebus pluribus ; ovarium apprese hirsutum, stylis 3 longissimis pro-

funde bifidis, capsule pedunculo nutante brevi sursum incrassato suffulte,

2loboso-3-cocce, cerasi minoris magnitudine, indistincte scabriuscule, ligno-

so-coriacese ; semina ovoideo-elliptica, holosericeo-canescentia, variegata.—

Andamans.— C. wnbellato, Muell. Arg. affinis.

285. CoDIMUM? LUTESCENS, nov. sp.

Frutex dioicus ?, 8—12-pedalis, novellis sparse puberulis; folia lanceo-

lata, passim subfaleata, basi acuminata, petiolo 2—3 lin. longo puberulo

glabrescente suffulta, obtusiuscule acuminata, pergamacea, glabra, penniner-

via, in sicco flavescentia ; flores masculi minuti, pedicello capillari 2—3 lin.

longo suffulti, umbellati, umbellis pedunculo puberulo 4—7 pollicari apice

capitato-bracteato solitario axillari suffultis ; calyx 3-partitus, leviter imbri-

oe a es

eS me eee ee ee ee ae ee | ees ee a

1873.] . S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 24.7

eatus, lobis ovato-lanceolatis, c. } lin. longis, acutis, extus appresse hispidu-

lis; stamina ec. 8—12 cirea centrum leve luteum disci latiusculi continui

inserta petala nulla; flores feminei etc. ignotiAndamans.

286. Exc@caRtA HOLOPHYLLA, nov. sp.

~ Arbor sempervirens, glaberrima; folia alterna, oblonga ad lato-lanceo-

lata, basi acuta v. obtusa, petiolo 3—4 lin. longo suffulta, obtusiuscule acu-

minata, pergamacea, integerrima, 83—6 poll. longa, nervis lateralibus curvis

tenuibus; flores parvi, sessiles, masculi 3-ni v. plures, feminei basilares

solitarii, bracteis brevibus latis (magne glandule utrinque insertis) protec-

ti et racemum spiciformem oppositifohum terminalem glabrum formantes ;

flores masculi 2—8-andri; baccee ignote.—Martaban, Tenasserim —Z.

oppositifolie afiinis, sed foliis integerrimis alternis statim distinguenda.

287. HUPHORBIA SCABRIFOLIA, Nov. sp.

Herba annua, subsimplex, gracilis, 1—2-pedalis, ramis glabris in sicco

sulcatis ; stipulze breves et angustz, parce et rigide fimbriatee; folia linearia

v. elongato-lineari-oblonga, brevissime petiolata v. subsessilia, basi inzequali

rotundata v. obtusa, 1—2 poll. longa, mucronato-acuta, cartilagineo-serrula-

ta, crasse membranacea, supra glabra, subtus sparse crispato-pilosula, 1-ner-

via, nervis lateralibus nullis, glauco-viridia; capitula subsessilia, in cymas

glomeriformes subsessiles axillares v. spurie terminales collecti, v. saepe bina

v. solitaria; involucrum campanulatum, breve, extus puberulum, fauce villo-

sum, fimbriatum, glandulis in appendicem obovato-cuneatum laceratum

album plus quam lin. longum expansis ; ovarium canescenti-pilosulum ; styli

graciles, 2-lobulati; capsule 38-cocce, parce crispato-pilosule, c. 2-lin. in

diametro, coccis compresso-acutis dorso nudis; semina obsolete 3-gono-ob-

longa, sordide aurantiaca, opaca, levia.—Prome, Pegu.—Ex affinitate Z.

notoptere, Boiss.

288. Evpuorsra Eprenyitores, Kurz in And. Rep. ed 2. 48.

Arbuseula 15—12-pedalis, carnosa, glabra, inermis, ramis complanatis

erasse alatis, crenato-sinuatis, ad articulationes attenuatis et teretibus ;

stipulee obsolete ; folia obovalia, brevissime petiolata, basi obtusa, glabra,

carnosa, nitentia, rotundata v. subretusa, nervis lateralibus obsoletis ; capi-

tula in cymulas dichotomas brevipedunculatas glabras e sinubus crenatura-

rum ramorum egredientes disposita ; capsulee pene trilobee, glabree, iis

E. ligulariea consimilia.—Andamans.|

URTICACEH 4.

BALANOSTREBLUS, nov. gen. Pl. XIX.

Flores monoici; masculi ignoti (ex inflorescentiis valde juvenilibus pro-

pabiliter amentacei?). Feminci racemosi: perianthium cum ovario conna-

tum, sursum liberum et ovarium omnino includens, apice perforatum.

Ovarium semisuperum, l-ovulatum, ovulo pendulo; stylus perbrevis, e pe-

248 , S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 4,

rianthii orificio protrudens; stigmata 2, brevia, crassa, villosula. Drupa

perianthio carnoso inclusa, monosperma. Arbor lactescens, subglabra, foliis

alternis grosse spinescenti-dentatis. Genus imperfecte cognitum sed distine-

tissimum Antiari affine

289. BALANOSTREBLUS ILICIFOLIUS, nov. sp.

Arbor ramulis scabriuscule puberulis; folia elliptica ad lato-ovalia,

petiolo terete 1—2 lin. longo glabro suffulta, basi seepius subineequali acuta

v. obtusa, rigide coriacea, spinoso-acuta, grosse spinoso-dentata, 1—3 poll. —

longa, glabra, supra nitida costa supra immersa subtus unacum nervis late-

ralibus arcuato anastomosantibus valde prominente ; flores parvi, viridiusculi,

pedicello brevi crasso suffulti, in racemum axillarem brevem collecti; perian-

thium obturbinatum, rugulose-tuberculatum, c. 2 lin. longum; drupe pisi

minoris magnitudine, rubree, rugulosee, carnose, glabree.—Chittagong (Hf.

et Th. sub Sapii sp. No. 4) ; Ava (J. Anderson).

MUSACHAE.

290. Musa rupra, Wall. ap. Voigt Cat. Hort. Cale. 579, non hort. ;

Kurz in Journ. Agr. Hort. Soc. Beng. XIV. 301.

Humilis, czespitosa, caudicibus pollicem vix crassis viridibus; folia

oblonga basi subrotundata glabra, petiolis brevibus foliaceo-marginatis ;

spathze saltem apice imbricatze deciduze ovales obtuse rubree pruinosulze

5—6-flore ; flores aurantiaci, labio pumilo; fructus crasse truncato-rostrati

lutei glabri; semina depresso-turbinata levia.—Pegu, Martaban.

LILIA CEKAA.

291. Dracmna Hetrertana, Wall. MS. (Cordyline Helferiana, T.

And. Cat. Hort. Cale. 72.) |

Suffrutex parvus, decumbens, simplex v. vix ramosus, glaber, 1—2-peda-

lis, caudice basi radicante 83—4 lin. crasso; folia approximata, obverse lan-

ceolato-oblonga, sessilia et basi dilatata, v. in petiolum lato-foliaceum lon-

giorem v. breviorem vaginantem subattenuata, acuta v. breviter acuminata,

1—13 ped. longa et 13—2 poll. lata, subundulata, tenui-coriacea, costa

apicem versus subevanescente, venis in sicco tenuibus sed prominentibus ;

flores albi v. in colorem purpurascentem vergentes, tubo viridiusculo, poll.

longi, pedicello gracili basin versus articulato suffulti 2—38-ni fasciculati,

secundi et paniculam parce divaricato-ramosam terminalem amplam glabram

efficientes ; bracteze lineari-lanceolatee, ex ramificationum inferiorum usque

ad pollicem longe, deciduse; bracteole ovato-lanceolate, minute; perian-

thium basi inflatum et fere usque ad basin 6-partitum, lobis linearibus obtu-

sis tubuloso-convergentibus apice tantum patentibus ; filamenta alba; baccze

1—3 lobee, lobis subspheericis pisi magnitudinis aurantiacis nitidis 1-spermis.

—Pegu, Martaban, Tenasserim.—D. ternifoli@ affinis.

1873. | S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 249

292. DRac#NA PACHYPHYLLA, Nov. sp.

Fruticulus erectus v. ascendens, simplex v. vix ramosus, glaber, 1-—2-

pedalis, caulibus digiti minoris crassitudine v. tenuioribus ; folia elliptica ad

elliptico-lanceolata, acuta v. subulato-acuminata, coriacea, sepius maculata,

4—6 poll. longa et 13—2¢ poll. lata, costa apicem versus evanescente, venis

tenuibus et prominentibus, superiora basi sensim complicato-attenuata semi-

amplexicaulia, inferiora in petiolum usque ad poll. longum foliaceum basi

vaginanter ampliatum abruptius contracta ; flores albi, pedicello brevissimo

robustiusculo articulato suffulti, racemum terminalem 1—2 pollicarem spici-

formem pedunculatum glabrum efficientes; perianthium c. 2 poll. longum

rectum, basi parum inflatum, fere usque ad basin 6-fidum, lobis erectis et

tubiformi-conniventibus apice tantum erecto-patentibus ; baccee 3—1-lobee,

lobis globosis pisi magnitudine rubris nitentibus monospermis.—Andamans.

(etiam Malacca, Maingay No. 1684). A D. spicata, specie arborea, qua-

cum cl. Baker conjunxit, statura humili et perianthio recto non torto

jam differt. D. Finlaysoni, Baker, eadem est ac D. linearifolia, Miq.

293. DracmNA BRACHYPHYLLA, nov. sp.

Fruticulus gracilis, parce ramosus, glaber caulibus 2—4 lin. crassis,

folia linearia, sessilia basi breve petioliformi-attenuata et lato-amplexicaulia ;

4—1-pedalia, acuminata, tenui-chartacea, costa apicem versus evanescente

venisque tenuissimis et prominentibus ; flores 3—¥% poll. longi, albi, pedicello

supra medio articulato 2—38 lin. longo suffulti, bini v. solitari, in racemos

breves strictiusculos dispositi et paniculam terminalem sessilem brevem

erectam glabram formantes; bracteze lineari-lanceolatze, subulato-acumina-

tz, inferiores usque ad } poll. longee; bracteolee ovate, acute, membrana-

ce, scarioso-marginate, c. lin. longee; perianthium fere ad basin 6-fide,

lobis tubuloso-conniventibus et apice erecto-patentibus ; filamenta alba ;

baccee.—Andamans.—D. angustifolice aftinis.

GRAMINEAE.

294. ARUNDINARIA ELEGANS, nov. sp.

Fruticosa, 6—15-pedalis, culmis digit-crassis ; folia linearia, longe acu-

minata, brevissime petiolata, rigide chartacea, 4—5 poll. longa, $—+4 poll.

lata, subtus conspicue tesselata et, praesertim apicem versus, secus margines

cartilagineas subspinuloso-scabra ; foliorum vaginz glabra, ore truncato parce

hirsuto ; turionum vaginee parce fulvo-hispidulee, ore nudo attenuato minute

auriculatze ; spiculze pedicello gracili —1 poll. longo suffultee, 13—3 poll.

long, 14—4-floree, racemum terminalem paniculiformem angustum gla-

brum efficientes ; glumee 2, 83—3} lin. longee, superior paulo brevior ; rachil-

lee c. 2 lin. longee, sericeo-puberulz, nodo barbate ; valvula exterior ec, 4 lin,

longa, compresso-concava, lanceolata, cuspidato-acuminata, levis; valvula

interior paulum brevior compresso-navicularis, secus carinas apicem versus

250 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 4,

2-fidum sulcatum parce pilosa ; lodicule 2, ciliate ; stigmata alba; antherze

purpuree ; caryopsis deest.— Ava, Martaban.—A. racemose nimis affinis.

295. BampBusa (DENDROCALAMUS) LONGISPATHA, nov. sp.

Ceespitosa, arborea, 40—60-pedalis, culmis brachium crassis, turionum

vagine longissime, sursum culmum haud amplectentes, 13—14 ped. longe

appresse brunneo setosee, altero latere oris angustati auriculo brevi rotundato

nudo membranaceo auctz ; lamina imperfecta membranacea, reflexa; lingula

conspicua sed angusta, longe et grosse brunneo-setoso-fimbriata; folia lan-

ceolata ad lineari-lanceolata, 6—8 poll. longa et $—1 poll. lata, longe acu-

minata, brevissime petiolata v. subsessilia, supra preesertim secus margines

scabriuscula glabrescentia; subtus glaucescentia; vaginee glabree, ore nudo

paulum producte, ligula conspicua, fimbriata; spicule minute, truncate,

24—8 lin. longee, basi attenuate, compactiuscule et divaricato-5-flore, dense

glomeratee, in spicas interruptas dein in paniculam amplam transformatas

collects ; valvule 2 inferiores vacuz v. gemmiparee, superiores 3 fertiles;

valvula exterior fl. herm. obovato-orbicularis, acuta, 3 lin. fere longa, nitida,

valvula interior subzequilonga, anguste navicularis, secus carinas dorsi

concavo-depressi parce pilosa; antherze luteze, mucronate ; stylus longus,

persistens, breviter 2-fidus, stigmata purpurea; ovarium et stylus hirsuti.—

Arracan, Pegu, Martaban.—Caryopsis Dendrocalamit non est baccata nee

perigynio circumdata, sed epicarpium plane coriaceum v. subcrustaceum

nec membranaceum uti in Bambusa sensu stricto.

296. Bampusa (DENDROCALAMUS) CALOSTACHYA, nov. sp.

Arborea, czespitosa ; vaginee ramorum novellorum appresse fusco-setose,

ore truncate, marginibus albo-ciliatis ; ligula integra v. subintegra, angusta ;

folia larga, lato-lanceolata, $—1 ped. longa, 2—1 poll. lata, basi rotundata,

breviter (vix lin. long.) petiolata, acuminatissima, marginibus et supra apicem

versus scabra, subtus molliter puberula; vagine glabr ? conspicue albo-

ciliates, ore non producte ; lingula conspicua, integra erosa v. fimbriata ;

spicule lato-oblongze, compressiuscule, 5 poll. long v. paulo longiores,

7—8-flore, glomerate, spicas interruptas dein in paniculam amplam trans-

formatas efficientes ramulis plus minus puberulis ; valvulee 2 infime abbre-

viatze, vacuze, sequentes omnes fertiles; valvula exterior fl. herm. lato-ovata,

c, 4—5 lin. longa, acuta, levis; valvula interior naviculari-oblonga, acuta

(ea florum inferiorum etiam obtusa), basi subattenuata, exteriore brevior,

dorso puberula v. raro subglabra, secus margines et carinas albo-ciliata ;

anther lute, longiuscule et leevi-mucronatz ; filamenta libera; ovarium

cum stylo longo hirsutum; stigma simplex, purpureum ? lodicule 1 v. 2,

lanato-fimbriatee, minutee.—Ava.—B. latifiore (Dendrocalamus—Munro)

valde affinis.

297. Bampusa (DENDROCALAMUS) CRITICA, nov. sp.

Arborea, csespitosa, 15—80-pedalis, culmis 1—8 poll. crassis, junioribus

_—

tne Se

1873. ] S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 251

appresse-albido puberulis ; turionum vaginee magne, appresse argente-osetu-

losze, ore subtruncate ; lamina imperfecta extus appresse sericeo-setulosa, basi

in auriculas faleato-oblongas setoso-fimbriatas decurrens ; folia lineari-lan-

ceolata, basi truncata seepius subobliqua, breviter (1 lin.) petiolata (superiora

u bsessilia), 4—8 poll. longa, $—-1 poll. lata, acuminata, subtus scabride

hirtula, marginibus scabra, nervis utrinque 5—7; vaginee glabree? (vero-

similiter juniores hirsute), ore haud productee et auricula incrassata longe

(pilis 2—4 lin. longis) fimbriata terminatz ; spiculze, etc. ignota.—Pegu.—

ex affinitate B. stricta.

298. GIGANTOCHLOA (OXYTENANTHERA) MACROSTACHYA, nov. sp.

Arborea, 30—50-pedalis, czespitosa, culmis brach, crassis; turionum

vagine brevissime, 5—8 poll. longze, dense appresse nigrescenti-setose ;

lamina imperfecta in auriculas magnas undulatas rotundato-terminatas fusco-

fimbriatas decurrens ; lingula angustissima, integra v. obsolete dentata ;

folia lanceolata, basi obtusa v. subrotundata, breviter (1 lin.) petiolata, 5—7

poll. longa, $—#? poll. lata v. latiora, acuminatissima, marginibus retrorse

scabra, subtus albida et molliter puberula ; vagine patenti-hirsutz, glabres-

centes, uno latere oris paulum producti minute auriculatze et parce sed longe

(2—8 lin.) fimbriate ; lingula inconspicua ; spicule sessiles (raro una alte-

rave pedunculata), 13—2 poll. longe, lineares, compressiuscule, 6—7-flore,

stricte v. raro curvule, subulato-acuminate, laxe glomerate, interrupte

spicatze et sensim paniculam amplam radicalem efficientes ; valvule exteriors

es omnes rigide nigrescenti-fimbriatz, inferiores 3 v. 4 abbreviate et vacue,

superiores 3 hermaphrodite ; valvula exterior fl. herm. lineari-lanceolata,

convoluta, subulato-acuminata ; valvula interior anguste navicularis, preeser-

tim sursum secus angulos dorsi deplanati atropurpureo-ciliata, apice vix

bifida ; antherze purpuree, aristato-acuminate ; ovarium cum stylo simplici

longo hirsutum ; stigma album.—WJartaban, Tenasservm.—Geuus Oxytenan-

thera, Munro (excepta O. Thwaitesit) nulla nota differt a Gigantochloa nisi

earyopside elongata; valvula interior in omnibus speciebus a me examinatis

deplanata et bicarinata evadit. Gigantochloe genus valde artificiale et

filamentis connatis vix ac ne vix a Bambusd differt. Habitus et spicularum

structura in generibus Bambusa et Gigantochloa simili modo variat et species

ex habitu arctissime affines, e. g. B. polymorpha et Gigantochloa aspera

‘spiculis omnino inter se differunt.

299. MELOCANNA HUMILIS, nov. sp.

Fruticosa, caespitosa, 8—15-20 pedalis, culmis ¢—1 poll. crassis ; turio-

“num vagine glabree ? brevissime, ore sinuato valde producto rotundatze et

ampliatee ; lamina imperfecta linearis, erecta, basi in marginem _polito-viri-

‘dem angustum decurrens ; lingula angustissima, integra ; folia lanceolata ad

‘lineari-lanceolata, basi obtusa, petiolo 2—3 lin. longo suffulta, subulato-acu-

minata, 4—6 poll. longa 3-1 poll. lata, secus marginem alterum scaberrima

252 S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. [No. 4,

subtus glaucescentia et scabrido-puberula ; vaginee glabree, ore minute auri-

culato longe fimbriatee ; spicule, etc. ignota.—Pegu, Arracan. Melocanna

a Schizostachyo differt caryopsidis epicarpio crasse carnoso et perigynii ab-

sentia.

300. CEPHALOSTACHYUM FLAVESCENS, nov. sp.

Fruticosa, ceespitosa, 10O—15-pedalis, culmis poll. circiter crassis ; turio-

num vaginee fragiles, appresse albo-setulosee, lamina imperfecta erecta v.

suberecta, inflato-cordata, convoluto-acuminata, basi in appendices latas

undulatas fimbriatas falcatas decurrens, quarum una deflexa altera sursum

vergens ; lingula c, 2 lin. lata, erosodentata ; folia parva, linearia, 3—5 poll.

longa, 3—+ poll. lata, acuminata, basi rotundata, brevissime petiolata mar-

ginibus preesertim apicem versus scabra, ceeterum glabra; vaginee glabree,

ore vix producto minute et incrassato-auriculatee et pauci-fimbriatee ; spicu-

le cylindrico-lineares; acuminate, c. ¢ poll. longe, albo-pilose, 3-flore,

dense glomeratee et interrupte spicatz, dein sensim in paniculam radicalem

amplam collectze ; valvula infima vacua, sequentes hermaphrodite cum ter-

minali hebetata; valvula interior et exterior fl. herm. subconformis, albo-

pilosa, subulato-acuminata, illa dorso subdeplanato apicem pilosum versus

bicarinata ; lodicule 3, lanceolate, acuminata, ciliolate; antheree primum

viridiuscule et purpurascenti-punctate, dein pallide flave, acute v. obtuse ;

perigynium elongato-lageniforme, cum rostro triquetro parce pilosum ; stig-

mata 3, brevia, albo-pilosa ; pericarpium....... —Pegu, in H. B. C. culta—

O. pergracili affine.—Genus Teinostachyum a Cephalostachyo more Arthro-

stylidit rachillis elongatis tantum differt et, in opinione mea, rejiciendum est,

Schizostachyum Blumet Munro, non N. EK. species est nova Hindostanica,

Sch. Hindostanicum nominanda. :

301. PSEUDOSTACHYUM COMPACTIFLORUM, nov. sp.

Arborea, ceespitosa, semiscandens, culmis 1—1} poll. crassis ; turio-

num vagine levissime, lamina imperfecta in auriculam angustam reflexam

lunato-productam patenter fimbriatam decurrens, lingula integra, angustis-

sima ; folia larga, oblongo-lanceolata ad lanceolata, basi oblique truncata v.

obtusa, breviter (1—2 lin.) petiolata, 6—10 poll. longa, 1—2 poll. lata, subu-

lato-acuminata, glabra, uno latere apicem versus scabra; vaginee appresse

sericeo-setosee, mox glabrescentes, ore truncato in auriculam lunatam reflexam

longe (8 lin.) fimbriatam productz, ligula integra, angusta ; spicule mini-

mx, 2—2 lin. tantum long, iis Bambuse longispathe consimiles, latee et

sub anthesi quasi truncato-2-fide, 5-floree, dense glomerate et interrupte-

spicatz, dein sensim in paniculam amplam radicalem collectee ; valvuli in-

feriores 2 vacus, sequentes 2 hermaphroditee, cum flosculo terminali longe

pedicellato obovato ; valvula exterior fl. herm. lato-ovalis, ventricosa, brevis-

sime mucronata, nitens, c. 2 lin. longa ; valvula interior equilonga, latc-

navicularis, apice 2-denticulata, secus angulos dorsi depressi albo-ciliata ;

}

;

| ~ ie.

i #

1873. | S. Kurz—New Burmese Plants. 253

lodicule 3, maxime, ovales, obtusa, longe fimbriate ; anthere virescenti-

lute, perigynium cum rostro brevi truncato glabrum ; stigmata brevia,

albo-plumosa ; pericarpium maturum pomi feri magnitudinis, irregulari-

globosum, nitens, rigide coriaceum ; semen maximum, carnosum, mox ger-

minans.—Martaban,

302. PsreuposTacHyUM HELFERI, nov. sp. (Bambusa AHelferi,

Munro, ?)

Subscandens, czespitosa, arborescens, culmis poll. circiter crassis ; turio-

num vaginz fugacissime albido-setulosee, lamina imperfecta patens, basi

attenuata in auriculam parvam longe fimbriatam producta, lingula angustis-

sima setis albis 2—1 lin. longis fimbriata; folia larga, oblongo-lanceolata,

basi vulgo ineequalia, breviter (1—2 lin.) petiolata, acuminata, }—1 ped. longa

2—23-3 poll. lata, juniora secus margines scabra, mox glabra, subtus glau-

cescentia ; vaginee apparenter glabra, ore parum producto et uno latere

minute fimbriato-auriculate ; lingula fimbriata, fragilitate pilorum mox

integra v. indistincte denticulata; spicule, etc. ignota—Pegu, Martaban.

303. Drnocutoa ANDAMANICA, nov. sp.

Alte scandens, culmis poll. circiter crassis ; turionum vagine sparse

albido-setulose, ore nudo rotundata et vulgo undulata; lamina imperfecta

erecto-patens, supra hispidula, lingula minute denticulata, sinum oris mar-

ginans ; folia larga, oblongo-lanceolata ad lanceolata, basi rotundata, brevis.

sime petiolata, setaceo-acuminata, 6—12 poll. longa, 1—2 poll. lata, utrin-

que levia; vagine glabre, ore parum producto subrotundate, lingula

angusta, albida, os totum marginans et integra; spicule: minute, $—1 lin.

long, ovate, nitide, straminex, glabre, sessiles, glomerata, interrupte

spicatee et in paniculam racemiformem angustam terminalem collect; val-

vula inferior saccato-cymbiformis, abbreviata, retuso-mucronata, vacua ;

valvula exterior fl. herm. lato-convoluto-ovata, acuta, levis, lin. fere longa ;

valvula interior conformis ; anther spurie-4-loculares, acuminate ; ovarium

etc., ignota....dndamans (etiam in insulis Nicobaricis).—D. Tjangkorreh

affinis, sed spiculis multo minoribus pallidis (nec brunneis) foliis multo ma-

joribus et ligula vaginarum differt. Specimina ex insulis Phillipinis, valvula

interiore ciliata gaudentia et acl. Munro cum D. Tjangkorreh conjuncta

mihi est spezies nova et etsi eam non vidi D. ciliatam nomino.

304. DryocutoaA Mactentanpi, (Bambusa Maclellandu, Munro in

Linn, Trans, XXVI. 114).

Alte scandens, culmis pollicem crassis ; turionum vagine fugaciter ap-

presse argenteo-setulose ore incrassato polito-marginate ; ligula brevis,

integra ; folia magna, oblongo- ad ovato-lanceolata, basi rotundata, breviter

(1—2 lin.) petiolata, subulato-acuminata, 3—17 ped. longa, 14—3} poll.

lata, levia, uno latere apicem versus retrorse scabra; vagina juniores ap-

presse argenteo-setulosx, mox glabrescentes, ore parum product et auricu-

254 S. Kurz— New Burmese Plants. [No 4,

la appressa rotundata nitente nuda terminate, lingula os totum a

integra ; spicule, etc. ignota.—Pegu, Martaban.

CORRIGENDA ET ADDENDA.

Pueraria brachycarpa, supra p. 232, dele observationem ‘‘ Spatholobus

crassifolius Bth. Dioclez est species,’ et adde :

2436. PUERARIA STRICTA, nov. sp.

Herba perennis erecta 2—4-pedalis, ramis subteretibus novellis canes-

centi-tomentosis ; folia pinnatim 3-foliolata, petiolo 13;—2 pollicari pubes-

cente suffulta; foliola ovata, lateralia inequalia, 2—3 poll. longa, acuta v.

breviter acuminata chartacea utrinque sparse appresse hirsutula ; flores desunt ;

racemi canescenti-tomentosi simplices axillares et in paniculas terminales

collecti ; bracteze parve, subulate, persistentes ; pedicelli sub fructu c. 2 lin,

longi, calyx c. lin. longus puberulus ; legumina lineari-oblonga, 1—13 poll.

longa, 23 lin. lata, plana, glabra, pallida, 7-—9-sperma ; semina compresso-

orbicularia, nigra, c. 2 lin. Jata—Pegu, Martaban.

243¢. PUERARIA HIRSUTA, nov. sp.

Herba perennis volubilis v. prostrata ramis obtuse angulatis et retrorse

appresse hirsutis ; folia pinnatim 8-foliolata, petiolo patenter hirsuto 2—2}

pollicari suffulta ; foliola ovata ad ovato-lanceolata, lateralia obliqua, acumi-

nata, chartacea, 23 —3} poll. longa, utrinque (presertim subtus) sparse

appresse hirsuta; flores desunt; racemi vulgo bini v. terni dense fulvo-hir-

sutuli, axillares ; bracteze deciduee ; pedicelli sub fructu c. lin. longi; calyx

parvus ; legumina oblongo-yv. lineari-lanceolata, $—I1 poll. longa, 83—3 lin.

lata, plana et subtorosa, sparse sed longe et patenter hirsuta, 2—4-sperma ;

semina transverse ovoidea, compressa, pallida v. pallide brunnea, nitida,‘e.

25 lin. lata.—Pegu.

Explanatio tabularum.

T. XVIII. Gonocitrus angulatus, Kz. Fig. 1. ramus fructiferus ; f. 2. fructus ;

f. 3. id. longitudinaliter sectus; f. 4. id. horizontaliter sectus; f. 5.

semen, magnitudine paullo auctum; f. 6. semen longitudinaliter sec-

tum,

T, XIX. Balanostreblus ilicifolius, Kz. Fig. 1, ramus florens plantee feminee ,

f, 2. ramus fructicans ; f. 3. racemus florum femineorum ; f. 4. flos femi-

neus perianthio remoto ovarium exhibens; f. 5. flos femineus longitu-

dinaliter dissectus ; f. 6 fructus maturi sectio verticats, Fig. 3—6

omnes magnitudine aucte.

1873.] 25

Notes oN THE CertTuimn#® or Inp1a,—by W. E. Brooks, Esq., C. E.,

Dinapore.

(Received September 8th, read November 5th, 1873.)

With a good series of about thirty to work with, it appears to me that

we have decidedly five species in India.

J.—CERTHIA HIMALAYANA, Vigors.

A well-known species which need not be described here, and which is

distinguished from the others by its well-barred tail, the other species having

the tail only occasionally obscurely rayed.

IJ.—Cerrtuta Hopesont, Brooks.

The differences between this bird and the European C. familiaris have

been already pointed out.*

I regard the four outer plain or unspotted primaries of C. Hodgsoni

versus the three plain ones of the English bird, as conclusive evidence of

the distinctness of the two species. The much longer and straighter bill,

with the white lower mandible; and the greyer and less rufous tone of

plumage, with much whiter spotting on the back and head, should also be

taken into account. The legs and feet of the English bird are also, as a rule,

darker. The voices of the two birds differ ; that of the English one being

much louder and somewhat different in tone. The Indian species is much

more silent. I have before noted the conspicuous difference in the eggs.

This species is the C. familiaris of some Indian ornithologists.

III.—CERTHIA NIPALENSIS, Hodgson.

Certhia discolor, Blyth.

must have seen at a glance that it represents the earthy brown breasted

bird ; and I have therefore no hesitation in uniting both species under

Hodgson’s term.

The supposition that the brown-breasted bird could be identical with

either of the two species next to be described, is a great mistake, as a good

series at once shews. As far as my own observation goes, the sexes of the

Certhiine are alike in plumage. Even the young and old are very similar.

The earth-brown tint of C. Mipalensis commences from the base of the

lower mandible ; and the chin and throat, which are generally protected

from getting soiled in most birds, are in this species as dark as any part of

the breast. The idea that the brown lower surface is merely produced by

the feathers being soiled, is against the rule with regard to Creepers, which

preserve the purity of their plumage-in a remarkable manner, even near

large manufacturing towns. The colour on the breast of OC, Nipalensis is, as

Mr. Blyth observed, a fast colour.

* Journ. A. 8. Soc. Beng. Vol. XLI, Part II, p. 73.

256 Mr. Brooks—Wotes on the Certhiine of India. [No. 4,

The tail of this species is more rufous than that of any of the others,

In other respects the colouration of the wpper parts is similar to that of the

strong bill compared with those of the others.

Hab. Nepal and Sikkim.

IV.—Cerrtuia STOLICZKA, n. sp.

This species, as far as the upper surface is concerned, resembles C, Wipa-

lensis, but the bill is much shorter and weaker. The chin and throat are ful-

vous, and breast warm buff, increasing in rufous tone to the flanks and lower

tail coverts, which are bright rusty brown. The rump and upper tail coverts,

as in O, Nipalensis, are bright rusty brown, even brighter perhaps than in

that species ; but the colour of the tail feathers is less rufous, particularly so

as regards the shafts of the feathers. The long claws, especially those of the

anterior toes, and the large foot, are noticeable in this new species ; in fact,

it could almost be separated by the foot alone. Sometimes its throat alone

is nearly white, but from this point the fulvous tone covers the lower surface.

I have much pleasure in naming it after my friend Dr. Stoliczka, to

whom Indian naturalists are so much indebted.

Hab. Sikkim.

V.—Cerrtuia MANDELLI, n. sp.*

A bird of similar dimensions to the last, but with a longer and more

curved bill, and smaller feet and claws.

The throat and breast are bright silky white ; abdomen and sides tinged

with brown, and flanks slightly washed with rusty : lower tail coverts pale

rusty brown ; upper tail coverts, as in the last, bright rusty brown; tail

plain brown with the shafts rather rufous. In the colour of the tail being

less rufous, this bird differs much from the last. Its principal characteris-

tics are, however, the pure white breast, instead of the buff one of the last

species, while the upper surface of the bird is very similar,

One of the eight specimens differs notably from all the others, by having

a warm rosy tinge suffusing the white of the breast and throat. I do

not, however, think this sufficient ground upon which to make a new species,

and will not, therefore, name it provisionally ; but will leave this to any one

who will take the trouble to investigate the creepers further than I have

done. The present species is named after Mr. Mandelli who sent me the

two new species I have just described, and who placed all the creepers in his

collection at my service. .

Hab. Sikkim.

In examining examples of this genus, care is necessary to keep the long

loose feathers in their proper places. The rufous feathers of the rump often

* This species is probably the “ Certhia Nipalensis’’ of Jerdon’s Birds of India ; as

the “lower parts” of the last are not “ pure white.”

x, ue gylliaowedte

=, ae

ee ee

1873.] Mr. Brooks— Notes on the Certhiine of India. 257

get twisted out of place, so as to shew more or less on the under surface of

the bird. So also with regard to the correct colour of the flanks. I conclude

with a table of dimensions.

Wing. Tail. Bill.

C. Nipalensis; 27 3.1 55

A 2.64 3.15 57

oe 2.7 3.15 54

ie 2.76 3.2 535)

és 2.65 3.12 5

C. Stoliczke, 2.75 3.25 A7

fs 2.9 3.3 45

. 2.78 3.16 A5

“a 2.67 3.12 12

5 2.86 3.22 A3

- 2.78 2.84 45

: 2.57 2.52 43

C. Hodgsoni, 2.54: 2.5 .68

? 2.5 2.3 .67

C. familiaris, 2.33 2.2 43

+ 2.45 2.15 53

% 2.4) 2.15 A2

C. Mandelilii, 2.5 2.7 44

- 2.73 2.83 56

7 2.7 2.3 52

” 2.7 2.67 53

Ur, J 2.6 2.6 + .56 The rosy-breasted example.

a 2.5 2.47 45

Be 2.65 2.35 5d

on: 2.32 1.82 25 A young bird but fully

feathered.

Mr. Mandelli says “ to my recollection the dirty and brown-throated

and breasted creepers (C. Nipalensis) are always found at low elevations.

The white-breasted ones (C. Mandellii), always at high elevations. I know

nothing about the yellow-breasted ones.” (C. Stoliczke).

The latter were procured by Mr. Mandelli’s shikaree but at what

elevation I have not ascertained,

vey

258 [No. 4,

On 4 New Genus anp Species (Hyleocarcinus Humei) oF LANpcRAss

FROM THE NicoBar Istanps,—by Jas. Woop-Mason, of Queen’s

College, Oxford.

(With Plates XV & XVI.) .

(Received and read August 6th, 1873.)

Milne-Edwards, in his classical work on the entire class of crustacea

published in 1837, divides* the four then recognized genera of the small but

remarkable group of Gecareinide, or Landcrabs properly so-called, into

two divisions accordingly as they have the terminal joints of the external

maxillipeds completely exposed, or inserted on the internal face of the third

joint near its summit and completely hidden beneath it ; and Danayf in his

great work not only adopts these divisions but gives them subfamiliar

names :—‘‘ The Gecarcinide,” he says, “ pertain naturally to two groups

or subfamilies, one having the termination of the outer maxillipeds exposed

as usual, the other having this part concealed beneath the second and

third segments. The subfamilies and genera are as follows :—

SupramM. 1. UCAINZ. Articulus maxillipedis externi 4tus apertus.

1. Masillipedes extern non hiantes.

G. 1. Uca, Leach. Articulus maxillipedis externi 4tus angulo externo

insitus.

G. 2. Gecarcrnucus, Edwards. Articulus maxillipedis externi 4tus

marginis medio apicalis 3tii insitus.

2. Masillipedes externi late hiantes.

G. 3. Carpisoma, Latr.. Articulus maxillipedis externi 4tus apice 3tii

externo insitus.

G. 4. GecarcorpEa, Edwards. Articulus maxillipedis externi 4tus

marginis medio excavato apicalis 3tii insitus. )

Supram. 2. GECARCININAL. Articulus maxillipedis exterai 4tus et

sequentes 3tio celati.

G. 1. Grecarcinus, Latr.

This division is unnatural as separating the genus Gecarcoidea (hodie

Pelocarcinus) from Gecarcinus to which it is most closely related, and

ranging it with others with which its relations are more general; and the

classificatory value of the character upon which it is based is, moreover,

much diminished, if not altogether destroyed, by the discovery ofa new form

presenting an interesting transition from the former to the latter genus in

this very character. A more natural result can, however, be attained, and

* Hist. nat. des Crust., Vol. II, p. 20.

fT Unit. States Expl. Exped., Crust., Vol. I, pp. 374-375.

a ee Y ee

J.WOOD-MASON. Journ: As: Soc: Bengal, Vol:XLII. Pt: 1V.1873, PU: XVI.

HYLAMOCARCINUS HUME.

eee

1873. ] J. Wood-Mason—On a New Genus of Landcrabs. 259

Dana’s family names still retained, by the substitution of another maxilli-

pedary character for the one originally selected and now proposed to be

rejected: Gecarcinus, Pelocarcinus, and Hyl@ocarcinus, in fact, agree with

one another and differ from all other genera of the family in that the

exopodites of their outer foot-jaws are short, without flagella, and completely

concealed from view beneath the second joints. The several genera of

Gecarcinide divided into two groups or subfamilies. accordingly as they have

the exopodites of their outer foot-jaws provided with a flagellum and applied

to the external margin of the second and third joints so as to be externally

visible ; or have them short and rudimentary without flagella, and concealed.

beneath the second joint ; will then be distributed as follows :

Supram. I. UCAIN/A.

Genus 1. Uca, Leach.

» 2 GeEcarcinucus, I.-Hdw.

» oo Carpisoma, Latr.

Supram. II. GECARCININA.

Genus 1. Gecarcinus, Latr.

» 2. PEtocarcinus, J7.-Hdw.

» 9 Hytmocarcinus, Wood-Mas.

A careful study of all the numerous figures and descriptions of species

of GECARCINIDA, and, in the cases of the genera Cardisoma and Gecarcinucus,

of actual specimens has convinced me that the GEcarcrninzx further agree with

one another in the structure of the epistoma which in them is of great length

from before backwards and nearly horizontal, thus differing remarkably

from the Ucatn® in which it is short and nearly vertical ; this part has in

Pelocarcinus been described by Milne-Edwards* as “ grand, complétement

a découvert et confondu en arriére avec le palais,” and it appeared to me to

pass insensibly into the endostoma or ‘ palate’ in Hyl@ocarcinus also until I

had removed the thick clothing of coarse hairs that obscured the parts when

I found no difficulty in distinguishing them. It is also a notable fact that

the three most closely-allied species of the former, viz., Gecarcinus ruricola,

Pelocarcinus Lalandei, and Hyle@ocarcinus Humei, have six rows of strong

spines to the terminal joints of the walking legs, and I would also draw

attention to the shallow yellow scars situated in all three on each side of the

eye and on other parts of the carapace—tell-tale marks of their descent from

a common ancestor !

HyYLOCARCINUS,f n. gen., Wood-Mason.

Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, August 1873, p. 161.

* Arch. du Mus., 1855, Vol. vii, Pl. xv, fig. 2a.

+ vAatos, sylvester, et KapKivos, cancer.

260 J. Wood Mason—On a New Genus of Landcrabs. [No. 4,

Front not united to the internal suborbital lobes as it is in the genera

Gecarcinus and Pelocarcinus, but separated from them by spaces at least as

wide as the deep bold fissures that divide to their bases the internal from

the external suborbital lobes; into these interspaces project the flagella of

the antennee, the basal joints of which appendages lie tightly wedged

between the internal margins of the internal suborbital lobes and the

epistoma. The third joint of the external maxillipeds with an obtuse-angled

emargination in its anterior border ; the external margins only of the first

of the three terminal joints is barely visible externally when the appendages

are properly closed, its external surface being flattened for movement upon

the inner face of the preceding joint : in Gecarcimus these terminal joints are

completely hidden from view, the angular process that projects like a pillar

in demi-relief from the inner face of the third joint and supports them,

ending abruptly so very far short of the anterior margin of the joint: in

Hyleocarcinus the similar but stouter pillar-like projection that carries

these joints at its summit extending much farther towards the extremity of

the joint than it does in Gecarcinus but certainly failing to reach it, these

joints can consequently be only partially visible: in Pelocarcinus they are

completely visible, being articulated to the apex of the third joint.

HyLZocaRcinvs HUME, n. sp.

The carapace is at once distinguished from that of Pelocarcinus

Lalandei, M.-Edw. by its more arched outline in front, and by the two

rounded tubercles on the mesogastric lobe which, as in Gecarcinus ruricola,

is limited off antero-laterally from the rest of the gastric region by very

shallow depressions passing off from the hinder end of the profoundly-deep

median groove and joining the branchio-gastric groove on each side; the

straight line representing its greatest breadth crosses it just in front of these

tubercles ; in front of this imaginary line its upper surface is very convex

and much swollen everywhere, but behind it flat; it is just perceptibly

angulated on each side for a short distance beyond the external margin of

the orbits, these angulations corresponding to the lines of spiniform tubercles

seen in the same position in Gecarcinus ruricola. The outer slopes of the

branchial regions, both anteriorly and posteriorly, and the floors of the

branchial chambers, all the inflected portions of the carapace in fact,

covered with squamiform tuberculated lines which, fine and delicate above,

become shorter and coarser as they approach the bases of the legs and the

buccal frame. The anterior is divided by a shallow transverse impression

slightly interrupted in the middle line from the posterior cardiac lobe, which,

just as in the rest of the Gecareinde, is much expanded posteriorly between

the bases of the posterior pair of legs.

The interantennulary septem is formed mainly by the subfrontal lobe,

1873.] J. Wood-Maseon—On a New Genus of Landerabs, 261

but partly by a short triangular process of the epistoma. The flagella of

the antenna are rudimentary. Both divisions of the suborbital lobes have

' their margins roughened with small tubercles, but the external one not near-

ly so distinctly so as it is represented to be in fig. 1 of pl. XVI.

The sternal region is much broader than long, its greatest breadth be-

ing between the bases of the second pair of legs.

The male appendages are very stout and long, reaching beyond the fifth

postabdominal somite, and are connected at their bases with a remarkably

stout and Jughly indurated semicircular plate which arches over the intesti-

nal canal ; a similar plate has been observed in the genus Cardisoma by S.

I, Smith,* and is, doubtless, present in all Gecarcinide.

Postabdomen of the female broadly oval, about as broad as long, covering

all but the margins of the sternal region, broadest across the posterior third

of its fifth somite ; last segment, trefoil-shaped, its sides being slightly emar-

ginate, with its antero-lateral angles slightly covered by the produced pos-

tero-lateral angles of the preceding somite.

The chelipedes are equal and very powerful in the male; subequal and

slenderer in the female ; their meropodites, which in the male, as in Pelocar-

emus Lalandet, extend much beyond the lateral borders of the carapace, but

which in the female hardly reach the level of the branchial regions, have a

few obtuse tubercles on their anterior, and some coarse tuberculated squami-

form ridges on their posterior angles. The chel are granulated and orna-

mented, especially on the fingers, with minute dark-coloured smooth tubercles :

their toothed prehensile edges meet, in the male, only at the extremities

which are feebly excavated spoonlike ; the margin of the spoonlike excava-

tion in the propodite is notched for the reception of the external cutting edge

of the dactylopodite, so as to form scissor-like organs.

The ambulatory legs are also remarkably powerful; their meropodites

have their edges and sides much roughened by squamiform tuberculation ;

the upper crest of their carpopodites is armed with a row of minute spinules ;

their propodites have a row of stronger spines on each of their four angles, and

the dactylopodites are provided with six rows of spinelike teeth.

Colowrs : upper surface of the carapace and the legs red violet, the

claws whitey-brown faintly tinged with reddish violet ; the scars at the ex-

tra-orbital angles, in the middle of the branchio-gastric suture on each side

of the mesogastric region, etc., and the margins of the orbits, yellow; the

flat posterior portion of the carapace is also much variegated with impure

yellow.

Breadth of carapace of the male,..... secegrececcesecre 200 Mie

Length 3” 9 ” ” ee Yeoee OPP ee eeer vest eres SO m m,

ar Bed es oe be

* Trans. Connecticut Academy, 1870, Vol. II, p. 142.

262 J. Wood-Mason—On a New Genus of Landcrabs. [No. 4, 3878.

Breadth of carapace of the female, ...0..c.c....scsscesscsveras 96 m m.

Length ,, i! ze PEPE yee OTS Ness justahatewwss ery) eee ee

. B: L :: 4.816, ete. : 1.

Length of left claw of male, ....... sacss ows enwsdess sossvessboenthy > OO Maile

Ditto right GUNG). SC Uy.eaesiwdae Dad oe fo sges Hie 87 m m.

Height left CGO, sids'n's & Fae suites Ce eere cesceees.vess OO MM,

Ditto right UE ies oat el eek ae iCntetossses 0 Bem

Length of left claw of female, ....cccccccccccccesecsss 55M Me

Ditto right CIO, is Va aesvis'é ene wiles Sis eg o-wteeely opts

Height of left GUO bie 0 0 d'0 Was Sadie VS Hialw ate hy orate) ee en

Ditto right CHU ay, 8% vivates cic Slebeuep lt Oavp vel snauvebeds Ser aMiuiiES

Length of post-abdomen of female, ....cccsecccsrescoevevecee 05 15M,

Breadth ditto PGGO, 01 5's 0:nidite wb. Oaaenb.gt <oncileae ore ae nS

Hab. The dark dense damp forests of the Nicobar Islands.

I cap-

tured a male and a female on Treis Island. Another specimen with a much

distorted carapace was subsequently taken on Narkondam Island by Mr,

Allan O. Hume, C. B., after whom I have named it,

Explanation of the plates.

Pl. XV. Hylecarcinus Humei, Wood-Mason, male, nat. size.

Pl. XVI. Fig. 1. Facial region of the same. Fig. 2. Front view. Fig. 3. Post-ab-

domen of the male. Fig. 4. External maxilliped of the left side viewed from the outside.

Fig. 5. Internal view of the same. All the figures of the natural size,

Ai as Digs ee

k= Names of new genera and species have an asterisk (*) prefixed.

Ablabes flaviceps, 112, 114. 123

» melanocephalus, 123

Acanthoderus bicoronatus, 45

lacertinns, 45

a semiarmatus, 45

Acanthus, 98

Aceraius emarginatus, 158

» grandis, 158, 159

Acranthera, 77

Adeniophis (Callophis) bivirgatus, 115

ch intestinalis, 115

Adenosacme, 78

*Afzelia retusa, 73

Agapetes setigera, 84

es variegata, 84

Atalantia, 228

*Albizzia glomeriflora, 74:

Allceomorphia, 80

Amphicarpea ferruginea, 232

Andrographis, 100

Anisoptera marginata, 4

ve glabra, 61

*Anneslea monticola, 59

Ardisia floribunda, 87

* ,, Helferiana, 86

» nheriifolia, 87

= , omeide, 87

» serrulata, 87

Argostema, 79

* Arillaria, 70

» robusta, 71

Asystasia, 99

Atalantia longispina, 228

Aulacocyclus teres, 152

Parryi, 150

Bacillus Artemis, 46, 51

- aspericollis, 46

‘ (Baculum) Artemis, 51

> carinulatus, 46, 55

35 (Baculum) cuniculus, 54:

ee fuscolineatus, 46

Reais, (Baculum) furcillatus, 54

* Gerhardii, 46

Bt gramineus, 46

Geisovii, 46

be Guenzii, 46

dimes hispidulus, 47

* humilis, 55

ge illas (Baculum) Hyphereon, 54

‘3 “ insignis,

fr leprosus, 46

* (Baculum) Penthesilea, 52:

a (Baculum) ramosus, 46

a La levigatus, 49

mS, oxytenes, 48

* patellifer, 46, 51

Pf Regulus, 49

" (Ramulus) Humberti, 46

a scabriusculus, 55

> scytale, 46, 55

Westwoodii, 50

_Bambusa Helferi, 253

fn longispatha, 252

im Maclellandii, 253

f polymorpha, 251

i stricta, 251

Barleria, 98

3 stenophylla, 95

*Barringtonia Augusta, 233, 234

* pterocarpa, 234

*Basilianus Andamanensis, 160, 161, 162

= cancrus, 157, I60, 162

% Cantoris, 159, 161

inequalis, 159

ghee at indicus, 159

“ Nilgheriensis, 159

* Sikkimensis, 161

Bauhinia brachycarpa, 73

ie involucellata, 72

et ee monandra, 70

at Bere ornata, 72

ys rosea, 72

x tomentosa, 73

Vahlii, 72

Begonia, 82

* 44 | Mivea, St

* 4 subperfoliata, 81

* , velutina, 81

Berrya mollis, 62

Blepharis, 98

Bombax insignis,-61

i Malabarica 61

Bonea Brandisiana, 66

» Burmanica, 66

Bronchocela cristatella, 113

*Brucea mollis, 64

264 Index.

Bufo asper, 113

Bufo melanostictus, 112, 163

Bulimus atricallosus, 27

a interruptus, var. citrinus, 27

se Nicobaricus, 163

Bungarus fasciatus, 115

%Cappari is crassifolia, 227

3 horrida, 227

ae polymorpha, 227

Caloenas Nicobaricus, 163

Calamaria Linnei, 120

a ns Stahlknechti, 114, 119

Callula pulera, 114

Calocaris MacAndrewee, 40

Cambarus pellucidus, 40

Canthium, 76

Cardianthera, 101

Carparea, 82

Carpophaga bicolor, 163

Carpopogon bracteatus, 231

Cassia renigera, 71

Cephalanthus, 79

*Cephalostachyum flavescens, 252

Cephaélis, 75

ns pergracile, 252

*Ceracupes Austeni, 151

1 fronticornis, 151

Ceratostemma miniatum, 85

variegatum, 84:

Cerberus rhynchops, 115, 162

Certhia discolor, 255

vs familiaris, 255, 257

an Himalayana, 255

og Hodgsoni, 255

megan Mandellii, 256, 257

» ~ Nipalensis, 255, 256, 257

wi ., Stoliezke, 256, 257

*Cetejus Australiensis, 157

Chasalia, 75

Chickrassia velutina, 65

*Chloranthus insignis, 108

Chrysopelea ornata, 114

f; rubescens, 114

Citrus angulatus, 228

*Clausilia (Pheedusa) filicostata, 28

gouldiana, 28

insignis, 20

As javana, 29

(Phedusa) Penangensis, 27

Philippiana, 28

Be Sumatrana, 28

Coffea, 76

Columbia floribunda, 63

Comacupes basalis, 151, 152

a caricornis, 152

cylindraceus, 151

* * Felderi, 152

* - Masoni, 152

Compsosoma (Elaphis) melanurum, 114

. radiatum, 114

Crocodilus porosus, 113

a Pondicherianus, 113

Crossandra, 98

*Crotolaria Kurzii, 229

Cyclophis tricolor, 114, 122

Cyclophorus Nicobaricus, 163

Cylindrophis rufus, 114

Cylicodaphne Wightiana, 102

Cynonycteris amplexicaudata, 200,202, 203

Cynopterus affinis, 200

A brachysoma, 202, 203

* marginatus, 200, 201, 203

“5 Sherzeri, 201, 203

% a Andamanensis, 201, 203

*Cynonycteris minor, 203

Cyrotodactylus affinis, 113

rubidus, 163

Cystacanthus, 100

Daedalacanthus, 99

Dalbergia cana, 70

* ,, glomeriflora, 70

*Daphnidium, argenteum, 103

Decaschistia crassiuscula, 227

Dendrophis caudolineatus, 114, 123, 162

a octolineatus, 124

a pictus, 114, 162, 163

‘a terrificus, 162

Dentella, 79

Desmodium angulatum, 231

Be: auricomum, 230

ms reniforme, 230

*% I oblatum, 230

is obcordatum, 229

% strangulatum, 230

triflos, 230

Decasthistia crotonifolia, 227

Dicliptera, 100

Dibamus Nicobaricus, 168, 169

an Novae-guinez, 168

Dimetia, 80

*Dinochloa Andamanica, 253

. ciliata, 253

» Maclellandii, 253

* Tjangkorreh, 253

*Diospyros sapotoides, 88

= undulata, 88

Diplopelma Berdmorei, 114

Bs Carnaticum, 114

Diplospora, 77

Dipsas cynodon, 114

» dendrophila, 114]

» Drapiezii, 114

*Dorstenia Griffithiana, 104

Draco abbreviatus, 119

» fimbriatus, 113, 119

» quinquefasciatus, 112, 113, 118

» volans, 113

Dysodidendron, 76

Ebermaiera, 101

Eebolium, 99

*Elatostema bulbiferum, 104

te gibbosum, 104

a lineolatum, 104

* a membranifolium, 104

——— ee ——E— |

Eleutherura marginata, 200

Ennea bicolor, 33

*EONYCTERIS, 204

Eonycteris spelea, 204

Epicrium glutinosum, 113

Episphenus Moorei, 150

Eranthemum, 99

Eriocnemis monticulosus, 155

o tridens, 155

*Erythrina holosericea, 69

a lithosperma, 69, 70

a Sumatrana, 70

*Eugenia cerasiflora, 233

. grandis, 233

. lanceofolia, 233

A pachyphylla, 232

>: ae tristis, 233

Euprepes carinatus, 113, 163

as olivaceus, 113, 118

ae rufescens, 113

i macrotis, 163

Eurostus alternans, 126

Evodia viticina, 64

Ferania Sieboldi, 125

Ficus affinis, 105

» anastomozans, 107

* =,, caloneura, 106

* ,, geniculata, 105

» lepidosa, 107

» infectoria, 105

* ,. insignis, 105

» ischnipoda, 107

» pomifera, 106

* ,, pyrrhocarpa, 106

» Yhododendrifolia, 105

» Rumphii, 106

tuberculata, 106

Morden unicolor, 115

Fruticola similaris, 26

Galium, 75

Gardenia, 77

Gecarcinus ruricola, 259

Gecko guttatus, 113

» stentor, 113

Geophila, 75

Gigantochloa aspera, 251

+ macrostachya, 251

Gonates Germarii, 158

» naviculator, 157

Goniosoma oxycephalum, 114, 123

*GONOCITRUS, 228

angulatus, 228

Graptophyllum, 100

Greenia, 79

Grewia columnaris, 63

» humilis, 63

» microstemma, 63

» odorata, 63

» pilosa, 63

» retusifolia, 63

», scabrida, 63

» umbellata, 63

Index.

Griffithia, 77

*Gronia filicaulis, 232

Gronia Grahamii, 232

Guettarda, 77

*Gunisanthus mollis, 88

_ Gytanodeateins pulchellus, 113, 118

Wicksii, 165

_Gymnops microlepis, 144

og meizolepis, 144

Sal ae ox 144

Gynochthodes, 76

Pe eas 109

_ Benthamiana, 109

Haplanthus, 101

Hedyotis, 80

*Helicarion permolle, 18

*Helicia pyrrhobotrya, 103

Helicina Dunkeri, 163

Helicteres lanceolata, 62

= obtusa, 62

ig virgata, 62

' Helix cantoriana, 22

» capitium, 20

» castra, 20, 21

» bolus, 26

» cymatium, 11

» hemiopta, 26

» planorbis, 20

» propinqua, 26

» scalpturrita, 26

» similaris, 26

» tricarinata, 26

» trochiformis, 20

Zoroaster, 26

Hemiadelphis, 101

265

Hemidactylus (Doryura) Berdmorei, 114

frenatus, 118, 165

__Hemigraphis, 99

a glandulosa, 92

niin 108 ‘

* me burmanica, 108

*Heritiera, macrophylla, 61

*Heterophragma sulfurea, 90

Hinulia maculata, 114

Hipistes hydrinus, 115

*Hiptage arborea, 228

Homalopsis bucata, 115

decussata, 125

Hopea diversifolia, 61

» floribunda, 60

» gYratissima, 61

* ,, Griffithii, 60

»»° » Jucunda, 61

Hydnophytum, 75

*Hydrobryum lichenoides, 103

Hydrophis robustus, 115

Hydrophylax, 80

Hydrosaurus salvator, 113, 112

Hylarana er ythree: a, 114

a Tytleri, 114

*HYLMEOCARCINUS, 259

* H Humei, 260

266 Index.

Hymenodyction, 79

Hymenopogon, 79

Hypobathrum, 77

Hypsirhina enhydris, 115

Hypsirhina (Ferania) alternans, 115, 125

3 Bocourti, 125

ah plumbea, 115

Hyptianthera, 77

Hygrophila, 101

Indigofera Brunoniana, 229

caloneura, 229

Isonandra calophylla, 88

Incillaria bilineata, 30

Txora, 76

Justicia Atkinsoniana, 96

» caloneura, 96

flava, 97

» dasycarpa, 96

» speciosa, 97

Keliella Barrackpoorensis, 20

Knoxia, 80

Laches Comptonii, 158

* -.. gracilis, 156

Lagerstreemia flos regine, 234

* e macrocarpa, 234

m me villosa, 234

Lasianthus, 76

*Leea compactifiora, 65

» cordata, 66

» gigantea, 65

> lata, 65

» sanguinea, 66

Chenaaearhis, 99

storobilina, 96

sities bicolor, 154, 155

dentatus, 155, 157

s Nietneri, 155

Py planus, 155

Timorensis, 155

SLicspedeza decora, 231

elliptica, 231

a hirta, 231

E: parviflora, 231

* = pinetorum, 230

*Limonia alternifolia, 64

Limax Carolinensis, 30

*Litsza leiophylla, 103

Lonchodes luteoviridis, 45

ss pseudoporus, 55

Lophophanes Humei, 57

Lycodon aulicus, 114, 115, 162

Peveunentie Griffithiane, 86

- linearifolia, 86

“a lobelioides, 86

*Machilus fruticosa, 101

Macrochlamys honesta, 26

Fo hyalina, 17

a hypoleuca, 17

a indicus, 18

a patane, 17

= petasus, 17

*Macrochlamys stephoides, 17

99 stephus, 17

Macroglossus minimus, 204, 205

Macrolinus spzlea, 204

BS latipennis, 155

ie Weberi, 155

Waterhousei, 156

Mesa mollissima, 87, 88

» muscosa, 87

» permollis, 88

Mangofera caloneura, 66 ~

indica, 66

Mastachilus politus, 156, 161

- polyphyllus, 156

*Mayodendron, 91

Megapodius Nicobaricus, 163

Meghimatium striatum, 30

* Melocanna humilis, 251

Metabolos, 80

Microtropis longifolia, 65

Microcystis palmicola, 18

*Millettia brandisiana, 69

ee FH

a3 extensa, 67

“a glaucescens, 67

Ph leucantha, 68

os leiogyna, 67

_ monticola, 67

m ovalifolia, 68

4. pachycarpa, 67

“ pubinarais, 68

oe pulchra, 69

Tne tetraptera, 69

*Mocoa macrotympanum, 166

Morinda, 78

Mucuna bracteata, 231

A pruriens,' 232

Mundulea pulecra, 69

Murina cyclotis, 206

Musszenda, 77

Nanclea, 78

Nelsonia, 101

Nephrops Norvegicus, 39, 41, 43

* NEPHROPSIS, 40

*Nephropsis Stewarti, 139

Neuracanthus, 99

> grandiflorus, 95

* ™ subuninervis, 95

Noniaphila, 101

Nycteriduim platyurus, 113

Fa schneideri, 113

Nymphon grossipes, 173

Oldenlandia, 80

Onchidium molle, 33

Ophiops microlepis, 144

Ophiorrhiza, 79

Ophites albofuscus, 112, 115, 124

» subeinctus, 112, 115, 124

Ormosia coarctata, 71

» floribunda, 71

Oxycalamus longiceps, 112, 114, 120

*Oxytenanthera macrostachya, 251

Oxytenanthera Thwaitesii, 152

Pachysoma Sherzeri, 201

Peederia, 80

* ,, ~ calycina, 74

Parmacella reticulata, 31

Parmarion recticulatus, 31

*Parkia leiophylla, 73

* ., insignis, 74

Parus Britannicus, 57

» oemodius, 57

Passalus Nicobaricus, 158

Pelocarcinus Lalandei, 259

Peripia mutilata, 113

» Peronii, 113

Peristrophe, 100

Petunga, 77

Phalanginm caudatum, 140, 141

Phaylopsis, 99

Phelsuma Andamanense, 163

Philomycus bilineatus, 36

~ Carolinensis, 30

* Pe pictus, 30

mm reticulatus, 31

as striatus, 31

= dorsalis, 29, 30

Phleegacanthus, 100

Plectopylis repercussa, 170

* — Shanensis, 170

*Pleuraruis brachyphyllus, 152, 156

ae pilipes, 153

Podophis chalcides, 112, 113

Polyozus, 76

Polypedates maculatus, 112, 114

a quadrilineatus, 112, 114

Polyphragmon, 77

Pongamia ovalifolia, 68

Pristidia, 77

Procris gibbosa, 104

Psammodynastes pictus, 115

pulverulentus, 115

#Pseudostachyum, compactiflorum, 252

S Helferi, 253

thas 78

Psychotria, 75

Pterolobium lacerans, 71

i microphyllum, 71

* ne macropterum, 71

Pteropus amplexicaudata, 202, 203

5 Assamensis, 196

os edulis, 197, 198, 199

a Edwardsii, 196

As Leschenaultii, 202

i. leucocephalus, 196

Pe marginatus, 200

* medius, 195, 195, 198, 199

a melanotus, 198

* minimus, 205

be Nicobaricus, 198, 199, 201

os pyrivorus, 200

Bs rostratus, 205

- seminudus, 202

Index. 267

Pterospermum aceroides, 62

Ptyas hexagonotus, 114

» korros, 114

Ptychozoon homalocephalum, 118

*Pueraria brachycarpa, 232, 254

Pueraria ferruginea, 232

a hirsuta, 254

saat tp stricta, 254

Pupa avanica, 33

» filosa, 33

» kokeilii, 32

» lignicola, 32, 33

»» (Pupisoma) orcella, 33

*Pupa (Scopelophila) palmira, 32

Pupisoma lignicola, 32

Pyrenaria diospyricarpa, 60

Python reticulatus, 115

Pyrus granulatus, 232

» granulosa, 232

» Karensium, 232

*Quercus Brandisiana, 107

i eumorpha, 107

Rana fusca, 112, 115

» gracilis, 112

» lymnocharis, 112

» lymnocharis, v. pulla, 112, 116

* plicatella, 112, 116

»» porosissima, 117

tigrina, var. mepeginre 112

Randia, CF

Rhinacanthus, 100

Rhinophidion Nicobaricum, 168

*RHOPALORHYNCHUS, 172

*Rhopalorhynchus Kréyeri, 171, 172

Rhysota Chevalieri, 12

» cymatium, 11

», densa, 12

» semiglobosa, 12

Riopa albopunctata, 113

» lineolata, 114

Rotula anceps, 14, 15, 20

* ,, bijuga, 14

» Indica, 14

» serrula, 20

» Shiplayi, 14

Rubra, 75

Ruellia, 99

ors flaccida, 91

rr macrosiphon, 92

“ subfruticosa, 92

Rungia, 100

Saprosma, 76

Sarcocephalus, 78

*Sauranja armata, 59

a macrotricha, 60

ere Blumei, 252

“ Hindostanicum, 252

cede Aa al 80

Scyphiphora, 76

Scyphostachys, 77

*Semicyclus Redtenbacheri, 153

268

Serissa, 76

Sesara infrendens, 24

Shorea floribunda, 60

» Penangianum, 61

Sitala, attegia, 13

* ,, carinifera, 15

» cacumifera, 20

» infula, 13, 20

», tricarinata, 16

Solenocyclus exaratus, 156

Sophora robusta, 71

Spathodea ignea, 91

a stipulata, 91

* Fr velutina, 90

Spatholobus crassifolius, 254

Spermococe, 80

Spiradiclis, 79

Stephegyne, 78

Sterculia ornata, 228

rs villosa, 228

Simotes ancoralis, 122

» bicatenatus, 114, 120, 121

» brevicauda, 122

* , catenifer 114, 121

3» Cochinchimensis, 122

cruentatus, 114, 121

Stravadium angustum, 233

*Stemona Griffithiana, 109

Stenogyra gracilis, 27, 33

Stereospermum chelonioides, 91

* neuranthum, 91

Strobilanthes, 99

- acrocephalus, 94

a Berhaavioides, 95

* e Burmanica, 92

re imbricata, 94:

all eS foetidissima, 93

sn fimbriata, 93

* = glandulosa, 92

e glomerata, 94

A Griffithiana, 93

* a dasysperma, 94

# oe Karensium, 96

id A Neesii, 93

* rs pterocaulis, 93

50 pentastemonoides, 95

a subflaccida, 94

Sqicienin velutina, 65

a) vellosa, 65

Symplocos crategeoides, 89

as leucantha, 89

* = leiostachya, 89

A lucida, 89

* pedicellata, 89

*Taberneemontana membranifolia, 90

a BS ophiorrhizoides, 89

Ps rostrata, 90

subcapitata, 90

Tachydromus sexlineatus, 114

Teenioceras bicanthatus, 152

a bicuspis, 152

re pygmeus, 152

Index.

Tebenophorus Carolinensis, 29

Terminalia clebule, 81

* =, tomentella, 80

*Tetranthera albicans, 102

* tag a calophylla, 102

bs nuculanea, 102

fs Panamoja, 103

Thelyphonus Assamensis, 128, 130, 133

* angustus, 127, 130, 134

a Antillanus, 128, 142

* z Beddomei, 129, 180, 142

BS Brasilianus, 128

na caudatus, 128, 134, 140, 141

3 formosus, 129, 130, 137

* a indicus, 129, 130, 138

“sf linganus, 128 [134,141, 142

ae proscorpio, 128, 129, 132, 133,

. rufipes, 128, 129

“ns rufimanus, 128, 134

scabrinus, 127, 180, 134, 141

Thibaddin micrantha, 84

~ variegata, 84

Thunbergia, 98

hee dilophus, 168

» Humei, 167

» subcristata, 163, 167

» tuberculatus, 168

Trachia breviseta, 25

» crassicostata, 171

>» eustoma, 25

» erinacea, 25

» fallaciosa, 171

#6 Boote, 270; 178

»» Helferi, 25

» Nilghirica, 171

* , Penangensis, 24, 26

» quieta, 25

» ruginosa, 171

Tragops prasinus, 114

Trimeresurus cantoris, 162

~ erythrurus, 115

ie porphyraceus, 163

Wagleri, 115, 126

Trochomorpha ance 21, 22

” Cantoriana, 22

» planorbis, 20, 22

» Ternatana, 20, 21

Tmorensis, 22,

Tropidonotus quincunciatus, 114, 162

trianguligerus, 114

vittatus, 114

Typhlops braminus, 114

» nigroalbus, 114

Typhloscincus Martensii, 169

Nicobaricus, 168

Unearia, 79

Uraria obcordata, 229

Urophyllum, 78

*Vaccinium campanulatum, 85

Bay ig exaristatum, 86

* macrostemon, 85

” . .

a miniatum, 85

————

SEE

shanti esta

= ~~ 0 SO aie og er @

*Vaccinium pumilum, 15

rs setigerum, 84

= variegatum, 84

és verticillatum, 88, 84

Vaginulus Birmanicus, 33

vs Hasselti, 33

pe Luzonicus, 34

” porulosus, 36

os solea, 34

% Taunaysii, 36, 37

Tourannensis, 34, 35, 36

’

Vangueria, 76

Vellejus Moluccanus, 155

Veronicella Brimanica, 34

Index.

Veronicella levis, 34

Fe. Luzonicus, 34, 35

f solea, 34

*Vespertilio murinoides, 205, 206

Zz murinus, 205, 206

*Vitex, canescens, 101

» Negundus, 101

Vitis Linnei, 66

5, Wallichii, 66

*Vitrina nucleata, 23

*WEBERA, 77

Wendlandia, 79

Xenopeltis unicolor, 115

Zetes hispidus, 174

269

— >?

ft fort ee eee oa ea . Fo ee ese, eal tee a i Be erin er

CONTENTS

OF THE NATURAL HISTORY PART (PT. Il.) OF THE

JOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL FOR 1872.

No. 1, (issued 1st hiay, 1872). Monograph of Indian Cyprinidae,

Part IV, by Surgeon F. Day, (Pl. I).—Account of a visit to Sikkim, with

Notes on the Zoology of the Alpine and Sub-Alpine regions, Part II, by

W. T. Branrorp, EsQ.—Notes on the Ornithology of Cashmir, by W. E.

_ Brooks, Esq., CE. ,—Notes on various new or little known Indian Lizards,

by Dr. F. STOLICZKA, (with Pl. IT, and ITT).

No. 2, (issued 25th June, 1872). Notes on various new or little

known Indian Lizards, by Dr. F. SrouiczKa, (with Pl. IV and V).—On

the Osteology of Zrienops persicus, by %. E. Doxsson, B. A., M. B..—

Third list of birds obtained in the Khasi and Garo Hill-ranges &c., by.

Major H. H. Gopwry-Avusten.—On ."‘fferential Galvanometers, by L.

Scuwenpier, Hsg.—On birds from Siksau , by W. T. Buanrorp, Esq.,

(with Pl. VJ and VIII). s

No. 38, (assued 12th November, 1872). “onograph of Indian Cypri-

nide, Part V, by Dr. F. Day.—Monograpi -, ° Himalayan &>., Clausilie,

by W. T. Buanrorp.— Postscript to the same. ~ Dr. SroriczKa.—Notice

of the Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh, -, Dr. Srozsczxa.—Notes

3 “on fish from Kachh, by Dr. Day.—On the Tease: alls of Penang, part first,

Cyclostostomacea, by Dr. SroniczKa.

No. 4, (issued on 22nd December, 1872). Note on birds from the

‘Andaman island, by V. Batu.—New Burmese Plants, P..:t I, by 8. Kurz.—

Monograph of Indian Cyprinide, Part VI, by F. Day.—Oa two undescribed

Cashmir birds, by W. E. Brooxs*—Notes on Burmese and Arakanese Land-

shells, by W. Tueosotp and F. SroxiczKa.—On the Osteology of some

species of bats, by G. E. Dopson.—Brief descriptions of five new Rhinolo-

| phine bats, by G. E. Doxsson.

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| CONTENTS

OF THE NATURAL HISTORY PART (PT. I.) OF THE

JOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL FOR 1872.

ee No: 4; (issued 1st May, 1872). Monograph of Indian Cyprinide,

‘Part IV, by Surgeon F. Day, (Pl. 1).—Account of a visit to Sikkim, with

Notes on the Zoology of the Alpine and Sub-Alpine regions, Part II, by

-_W.T. Buayrorp, Esg.—Notes on the Ornithology of Cashmir, by W. E.

—

i a &

Brooks, Esq., C. E.,—Notes on various new or little known Indian Lizards,

_ by Dr. F. Srorrezxa, (with Pl. II, and III).

No. 2, (issued 25th June, 1872). Notes on various new or little

‘known Indian Lizards, by Dr. F. SrozrozKa, (with Pl. IV and V).—On

the Osteology of Zrienops persicus, by G. E. Dozson, B. A., M. B.,—

Third list of birds obtained in the Khasi and Garo Hill-ranges &c., by

Major H. H. Gopwry-Avsren.—On differential Galvanometers, by L.

_ Scuwenprer, Esg.—oOn birds from Sikkim, by W. T. ita! Esq.,

(with Pl. VII and VIII).

No. 3, (issued 12th November, 1872). Monograph of Indian Cypri-

nide, Part V, by Dr. F. Day. —Monograph of Himalayan &c., Clausiliz,

by W. T. Brayrorp.—Postscript to the same, by Dr. Sroriczxa.—Notice

of the Mammals and Birds inhabiting Kachh, by Dr. SronrczKa.—Notes

on fish from Kachh, 6y Dr. Day.—On the Landshells of Penang, part first,

_ Cyclostostomacea, by Dr. StoriczKa.

No. 4, (issued on 22nd December, 1872). Notes on birds from the

Andaman island, dy V. Batu.—New Burmese Plants, Part I, dy S. Kurz.—

| Monograph of Indian Cyprinidae, Part VI, by F. Day.—On two undescribed

& Cashmir birds, dy W. E. Brooxs.—Notes on Burmese and Arakanese Land-

shells, By W. THeozotp and F. SroriczKa.—On the Osteology of some

species of bats, by G. E. Donson.—Brief descriptions of five new Rhinolo-

phine bats, iy G. E. Dozson.

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