JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,

me of me -

Vol. LXX. Part II.—NATURAL SCIENCE.

lie a

No. I.—1901.

—e™

I.—Notes on the Fauna of Chitral.—By Cart. A. H. McManoy, C.S.1,

C.L.E., F.Z.8., Political Agent, Dir, Swat, and Chitral.

[ Received 8th February; Read 6th March, 1901.]

As in the case of “ Notes on the Fauna of the Gilgit District”

(Journal, Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. Ixviii, part 2, no. 2, pp. 105-109,

1899), I propose to place on record the results of such observations as

I have been able to make in the matter of Zoology during my official

connection during 1899-1900-1901 with the Chitral country.

I know of no previous records having been made of the Fauna of

this country. Any record of the existence or non-existence of animals

in it will therefore be of use in adding to general knowledge regarding

the geographical distribution of the various forms of animal life,

As will be seen, my notes are lamentably scanty. They are based

on personal observations made during three visits to Chitral, and on the

information kindly given to me by Capt. B. EH. M. Gurdon, C.1.E., D.S.O.,

Assistant Political Agent in Chitral, Major G. A. J. Leslie, R.E., and

other military officers stationed in Chitral.

Such as they are, I place these notes on record in the hope that they

may be of interest, and form the modest beginning of a more complete

and comprehensive record.

The country of Chitral is similar in most respects to the adjacent

Hindu Kush region of Gilgit. Geographically it may be defined as the

Jou. 1

2 A. H. McMahon—Notes on Fauna of Chitral. [No. 1,

drainage area of the Chitral river and its numerous affluents as far

south as the junction of the Arnawai river with the main stream.

Like Gilgit, it forms one of the most lofty tracts of country on the

surface of our globe. From the high glacier-bound valleys which take

their rise from Tirich Mir, 25,500 ft. and other lofty mountain peaks,

the elevation of the country decreases until as one descends the valleys,

the land of snow and glaciers is exchanged for barren hill sides, of rocky

cliffs and debris: Passing through the fringe of forest line, one de-

scends to the fertile alluvial plateaux of prehistoric river-beds through

which the present streams now run in deep narrow gorges. The lowest

elevation, 7.e., of about 4,000 ft., is reached at the point where the Chitral

river leaves the Chitral district and thence onwards under the name of

the Kunar river flows through Asmar to join the Cabul river.

The northern and eastern portions of Chitral are very similar in

character to the Gilgit country, and the conditions of life being the same,

the fauna is, as one would expect, much the same in both countries.

Further south and west however the rainfall is greater, and the hill

sides are consequently more covered with forest and vegetation than

those of the Gilgit District.* This naturally tends to an increase in the

~ number and variety of the fauna, and we find pheasants, monkeys, jungle

fowl, and leopard (Felis pardus)}+ which are not to be found elsewhere in

Chitral or Gilgit. Iam told that the green parrot (I presume Palzornis

torquatus) is to be found at the lower end of the Chitral valley. They

doubtless come up from the warmer climes of the Jalalabad and Kunar

valley.

The neighbouring country on the west, Kafiristan, is very thickly

wooded, and from all accounts appears to be particularly rich in fauna of

all kinds. Zoological research in Kafiristan would doubtless give most

valuable and interesting results. It is to be regretted that such research

is at present out of the question.

I proceed now to note on a few species of the Chitral Fauna.

MammattaA.—The most numerous of the larger mammals in Chitral

are Ibex, Markhor and Oorial.

Ibea.—(Capra sibirica). These abound on or above the snow-line

throughout the higher and more elevated portions of the Chitral country

and in the upper portions of all the valleys which join the Chitral

valley above Chitral itself. They are not as far as I know to be found

in any valley below Chitral.

* Somewhat similar conditions with corresponding results as to. fauna prevail

“in the-Chilas tract on the S.-E. corner of the Gilgit District.

, As opposed to the snow. leop: rd (Felis wneia).

1901.] A. H. McMahou—Noles ow Fwuna of Chitral. 3

They are identical with the ibex of the Gilgit District, but for some

reason or other, the average length of the horns is slightly less than of

those of the Gilgit ibex. Horns of over 40 inches in length are fewer

than in Gilgit, and the largést head obtained is I think not over 45 inches,

The rutting season begins about the ist of February and continues

for upwards of a month, but in the case of the older males only half that

time,

The young are born in July at an average elevation of 14,000 feet,

generally, it is said, in the same nullahs as rutting took place. The

females retire into very difficult and inaccessible ground before giving

birth.

_ | Markhor.—(Capra falconeri). These are very numerous in ee

lower valleys in Chitral. They are of the Pir Panjal variety (vide

fic. 165 of Blanford’s Fauna of India. Vol. Mammalia), z.e., with horns

handsomely curved, but without the wide exaggerated curve and spread

of the variety known as the Astor. [I may note here that the Astor

variety is only to be found in the few valleys which join the Indus river

on the left bank between Bunjiand Chilas, All the markhor elsewhere

in the Gilgit District are of the Pir Panjal variety ].

A few heads somewhat resembling the Cabul variety ee = of

Blanford’s Fauna of India) are also to be found in Chitral. |

The northern limits of markhor in Chitral appear to be:—in. éidken

Lutkho valley at a point half-way between Drusp and Shogot; in the

Chitral main valley and valleys joining it on the left bank, at Mori

(about 10 miles above Chitral). The southern limits of the Chitral

(z.e., Pir Panjal variety) are said to be :—on the right bank of the Kunar

river at Chighar Serai, and on the left bank at Nari (Narsat),.

The largest head as yet obtained in the Chitral District measures

06 inches in length of horn. Horns over 50 inches are very rare.

In Chitral the rutting season begins about the first week of

December, and in Gilgit in about the second or third week of that

month. It continues for about a month, but in the case of the older

males only about a fortnight. The young in Chitral are born early

in June, almost invariably, it is said, in the same nullahs where

the parents were during the rutting season. The males leave these

nullahs for cooler climes about May. The females retire into -the

highest. and most difficult ground they can find in the nullah before -

giving birth.

— Oorial.—-( Ovis vigner).—These are plentiful in the Chitral ealiless from

Reshan downwards. They are of the Ladak variety, known as. shapu:

(Ovis cycloceros), and differ from the proper oorial of the Punjab,

Afghanistan, Sind and Beluchistan (Ovis viynet) in having no white ruff

4 A. H. McMahon—Notes on Fauna of Chitral. [No. 1,

below the neck but only a white tuft in the black beard on the breast,

and in having shorter but more massive horns. The horns seldom exceed

30 inches in length. Any over 32 inches are practically unknown. _ The

horns however reach a circumference of from 10 to 12 inches round the

base, whereas the oorial seldom exceeds 10 inches. In naming the

Chitral animal oorial (Ovis vignei) as above I have followed the

nomenclature of Dr. Blanford (Fauna of India) who includes both the

shapu (Ovis cycloceros) and oorial (Ovis vignei) under that head.

Their northern limits in Chitral are practically the same as those of the

markhor.

Their rutting season begins about the 15th of November and

continues about a month. The young are born at an average elevation

of 9,000 feet.

Of large mammals the following are also common in Chitral.

Leopard.—(Felis pardus). This, the common Indian leopard, is

numerous in the lower portions of the Chitral district. It is not to be

found in Gilgit.

Snow Leopard.—(Filis uncia). Common in all the higher portions

of the country.

Bears.—Unlike Gilgit, where the black bear (Ursus torquatus) is

very rare, in Chitral it is very common, and abounds in the Chitral

main valley and side valleys as far north as Reshan.

Brown bears (Ursus arctus) only occur in the Chitral country at

the head of the Turikho and Yarkhun valleys. Its scarcity in Chitral

is a contrast to its abundance in most parts of the Gilgit district.

Marmots—The red or long-tailed Marmot (Arctomys caudatus)

with its shrill whistle-like call, is to be found in large numbers at the

head of the Ayun nullah, and at the head of the Yarkhun and

Baroghil valleys. It does not appear to have been seen elsewhere.

[With reference to Marmots I might note here that since suggest-

ing in my notes on the Fauna of Gilgit, that the Thibet, Himalayan,

and Long-tailed Marmots ( Arctomys himalayanus—hodgsont, and caudatus),

might prove to be all one and the same species, I have been informed

by Dr. Blanford that the A. himalayanus and A. caudatus are distinctly

different forms as shown by the structure of their skulls. |

Musk deer.—(Moschus moschiferus) is to be found in the Shishi

Koh valley, and is said to be fairly common on the mountains dividing

Chitral from Dir.

Monkeys are to be found in the lower end of the Chitral valley.

They go about in herds.* I cannot say what species they belong to.

* Capt. Gurdon saw a herd of them at Mirkandi on the bank of the Chitral

river only 4,000 ft, above sea-level.

1901.] A. H. McMahon—Notes on Fauna of Chitral. 5

The general characteristics seem to be those of Macacus rhesus, but

all the specimens I have seen have, instead of a tapering tail, a tail of

about 8 inches in length coming to an abrupt end as if it had been cut

off like a fox terrier’s. I am endeavouring to obtain a specimen to

send down to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, for identification.

The existence of monkeys in Chitral, and also as will be noted elses

where in Dir and Swat, is remarkable, as I do not know of their ever

having been reported so far west.

Wolves, jackals, hyznas, lynxes, pig and foxes are to be found in

Chitral as in Gilgit. As regards smaller mammals, I have been unable

to make personal observations.

Reptilia and Batrachia.—As regards these I regret having been

unable to make observations. As in Gilgit, these families are but

sparsely represented. Snakes are few, and the only specimen I have

been myself able to obtain was one of Zamenis ventrimaculatus.

Birds.—Owing to its larger extent of wooded tracts, birds, especially

of the smaller kinds, appear even more plentiful in the winter months

in Chitral than in Gilgit. I have been unable to study them, and will

content myself with a brief note of such kinds as have come to my

notice.

Tetraogallus himalayensis—The Himalayan snow-cock known as the

Ram Chickor is very plentiful on the higher slopes of all the Chitral

valleys, as is the case also in Gilgit.

Chickor.—Caccabis chucar is also very common in the lower valleys.

Hawking these birds with various kinds of hawks is the principal form

of sport indulged in by Chitralis.

Note.—I have never heard of either the grey or black partridge,

Francolinus pondicerianus or vulgaris, being found anywhere in Chitral.

Pheasants.—The Rohtas pheasant exists in the nullahs below Drosh,

but I am unable to say whether it is the ordinary Pucrasia macrolopha

or the species named Pwerasia castanea which ‘is only known” (vide

Blanford’s Fauna of India Birds, vol. iv.) ‘‘ by two skins said to have

““come from Kafiristan. In these the neck all round, upper back, breast,

*‘ and flanks are chestnut, and the middle of the abdomen black.” Iam

endeavouring to obtain specimens, in order to elucidate this point. The

Monal pheasant, Lophophorus refulgens, is plentiful in the wooded valleys

of lower Chitral.

No Kalij pheasants have as yet been met with in Chitral.

Jungle Fowl—Capt. Gurdon informs me that he has often heard

what he thinks must be jungle-fowl in the lower Chitral valleys. He

says they crow just like a domestic cock. Unfortunately he has never

obtained any specimens.

6 A, H. McMahon—Noles on Fauna of Chitral. [No. 1;

~ Mynas (the common Acridotheres tristis ?) ‘are very plentiful in

lower Chitral. Hagles, Hawks and’ Vultures of various kinds are, as

might be expected in such a mountainous eopmbnys vey comnion in the

winter months.

Chitral is famed for its Goshawks Anbar palumbarius) which are

caught in large numbers every winter, or more correctly speaking at the

commencement of each winter, as they pass over the country on their

way to India. As many as 60 birds were caught in the winter of 1899.

T‘he method adopted is as follows ; an open space of level ground, as

high up a mountain side as possible, is selected. In the middle of this

a hole large enough for a man to sit in is made, and then roofed over

flush with the ground leaving a small concealed entrance at the side

for entrance and exit. In the centre of the roof is a small hole through

which a tame chickor is put out to walk about on the roof, attached by

its leg to a string held by the man inside the chamber. The passing

goshawk attracted by the chickor swoops down and seizes it, where-

upon it is caught by the legs and pulled down by the man into the

chamber below. ‘These goshawks in travelling over Chitral fly very

high, and in fine clear weather fly too high to be attracted by this

method. It is in threatening, cloudy weather when they fly lower tliat:

captures are made. The females are by far the most valued, and all

those caught are, by time-honoured custom, the property of the Mehtar,

to whom they have to be presented. They are sometimes returned’ tor

the captor, but more frequently a suitable present is given in return.

The Chitralis are famed for their skill in training hawks. A passage

goshawk has been known to be flown with success at game within 5 days)

of its capture. A female goshawk flown at game, after a male bird has

been released, will make straight for the male and kill it.

Pisces.—The fishes of Chitral have never been studied. The rivers

contain fish in considerable numbers, though none reach any great

size. A fish of 5 lbs. is said to have been caught in the: lower Chitral

river, but few reach 3 lbs. The majority appear to be of the kind known

commonly as “ Snow Trout,” and is I presume a species of Cyprinine. A’

species of catfish (Siluroid) is also ‘s be found in the lower waters of

the Chitral River.

The Mahaseer, Barbus tor, is unknown in Chitral.

Lepidoptera.— The eet te of Chitral include many rare eit

interesting kinds.. Major G. A. Leslie, R.E , and Lt. W. H. Evans, R.E.,

are now engaged in making: a cotladiion W hich i is likely to prove of great

value..

1901.) A. H. MeMahon—Notes on Fauna of Dir and Swat. 7

I have recorded these notes with some diffidence. The zoological

records of a country if they are to exist at all must have a beginning,

even though that beginning be a modest one. Chitral offers an interest-

ing field for zoological research, and it will be seen from. the above

notes how little has as yet been done in this direction. est

The existence of monkeys, marmots, musk deer, shapu, Himalayan

snow cock, and (I think we may add) jungle- fowl i in Chitral is interest-

ing, as no record appears to have heen as yet made of these animals so

far West. -

~_————eon-- vnrnreeeweeeeeeEOeeeeereesee > nh eee eee

II.—Notes on the Fauna of Dir and: Swat.—By Carrain A. H. McManox,

CSI, C.LE, F:Z.8. Political Agent, Dir, Swat and Chitral.

[Received 8th February ; Read 6th March, 1901.] ©

! On previous occasions I have, in the case or the Gilgit Fit Chitral

Districts, placed on record a few notes on the Fauna of those countries,

in the hope that though scanty in themselves they might be of interest

in adding to our existing knowledge of the distribution | of various

forms of animal life.

I propose here to do the same with Sone ‘3 the country of Dir

and Swat, and to record such few observations on the Zoology of these

countries as circumstances have allowed me to make during my stay

(1899, 1900, 1901), in the Dir, Swat, and Chitral agency. Nothing as far

as I know has ever been recorded in the matter of Zoology regarding these

countries before. My notes therefore must be taken as a modest

endeavour to make a commencement of the complete Zoological records

which it is to be hoped will be made of these countries hereafter by

more capable hands.

Inability to move freely about this unsettled country and press of

work have prevented my observations being of anything like an exten-.

sive nature. The greater portion of the country is as yet unvisited by

Huropeans, and a wide field of interesting zoological research remains

antouched.

~The countries of Dir and Swat. are treated here as one. They

represent the drainage areas of the Panjkora and Swat rivers respec-

tively as far as their junction. Both rivers take their rise within a

_ short distance of each other in the lofty mountain range which forms

tlie southern boundary of Chitral, The peaks of this range vary in

height, decreasing from some 23,000 ft. on the N. -E, end to 15 ,000. ft,

or so on the 8: -W. ond of the range, ©

8 A. H, McMahon—WNotes on Fauna of Dir and Swat. _[No. 1,

‘ The upper portions of the head valleys of both the Swat and

Panjkora rivers resemble in most respects the valleys which on the

north side of the range form part of Chitral. It is to be expected

therefore that their fauna much resemble that of corresponding tracts

in Chitral.

The remainder and the greater part of the Dir and Swat countries

are at a much lower elevation than that of Chitral. Both are mount-

ainous, but each successive mountain range, as one proceeds south-

wards, becomes lower and lower, untilat the southern edge of the coun-

try the highest peaks attain to no more than 6,000 ft., while the main

valleys gradually descend to an elevation of only: some 2,000 ft. Both

the upper and lower portions of the Dir and Swat countries differ in

one respect from Chitral, in that the annual rainfall is very much

greater. This has resulted in clothing the hill sides of the upper

valleys with wide deodar forests, and in thickly covering the lower

slopes with pine, oak and other small trees. The lower valleys are wide

expanses of alluvial land of great fertility.

As might be expected, the fauna of the country is very rich and

‘varied. How little we yet know of it will be seen by the scantiness of

these notes.

Mammalia.—On the northern fringe of Swat where the water-

shed of the Swat river is also the watershed of some of the upper

Chitral valleys, the ibex (Capra sibirica) is reported. These I think

are only visitors from the Chitral side. Ibex is not found in Upper

Dir.

Markhor.—(Capra falconeri). A few of the Pir Punjab variety

with: gracefully curved horns (Fig. 165 of Blanford’s Fauna of India,

Vol. Mammalia) are to be found on the range which separates Dir from

Chitral, and Asmar. I do not know if any exist in Upper Swat or

Swat Kohistan, but one might expect to find them there. —

Further south in the range of hills which separate Swat from

Boner and the Peshawar plain, the Cabul variety with almost straight

horns and a slight spiral are found.

Oorial.—Ovis vignet exist but in small numbers in the Southern

borders of Swat. ‘They are of the Punjab variety, Ovis vignei proper,

and I have not heard of the existence in Dir and Swat of the Ovis

cycloceros or Shapu variety. It is doubtless to be found however in

Swat Kohistan which lies between Chitral and Chilas both possessing

this variety.

Goral.— Cervus goral has been seen in the Lower Swat valley, hea

one was caught alive while being swept down the Swat river ina

flood, and also on the hills above Malakand. The existence of this

eee es ee

—— a oe ee

1901.] A. H. McMahon—Notes on Fauna of Dir and. Swat. or)

animal is interesting, as it does not appear ever to have been before

reported west of the Indus.

Musk Deer.—Moschus moschiferus is reported to be numerous 1n n the

upper portions of Dir.

Bears—The Brown Bear, Ursus arctus, has never been reported in

Dir or Swat.

The Black bear, Ursus torquatus, is very common all over Dir iid

Swat, even as far sunt as the range separating Swat from the Peshawar

valley.

Leopards.—The existence of snow leopard (Felis wncia) has never

been reported, but I feel sure it is to be found in Swat Kohistan. The

common leopard, Felis pardus, is very plentiful throughout Dir and

Swat.

Monkeys.—It is somewhat surprising to find that monkeys are

fairly common throughout most parts of Dir and Swat. I have seen

several live specimens that have been brought in from Dir, and a large

herd of monkeys has been lately seen on the slopes of the Bar Chanrai

hill on the north side of the Lower Swat valley opposite Malakand.

I have been unable to satisfy myself about the identity of this monkey.

It appears to be of the same kind as specimens which I have seen in

Chitral. I have only seen live specimens of animals of both countries.

These strongly resented the close examination which is necessary for

identification. In general characteristics they would appear to resemble

either Macacus rhesus or Macacus assamensis, but their tails, which in

adults are about 8inches in length, are not tapering but come to an

abrupt end as though cut off, like a fox terrier’s tail. I hope to be able

to send a specimen of this monkey to the Indian Museum, Calentta, for

classification. |

I should note that the existence of monkeys has been also eehoriod

to me as having been met by officers while out after markhor in =

Pajja hill north of Mardan. .

Among other common mammals in Lower Dir and Swat are the

hyena, jackal, fox, wolf, pig, hare, porcupine (Hystriv lewcura) and

hedgehog.

Reptilia or Batrachia.—Regarding these my observations have been

confined to the immediate. neighbourhood . of Malakand and the

Lower Swat valley between Chakdara and Malakand. Both snakes

and lizards are numerous in the above area, but I have devoted my

attention chiefly to the former, of which I have examined a large

number of specimens. | | a |

Ophidia.—Though snakes are numerous, they seem all to belong to

but very few species. By far the commonest genus of snake in this

J. 2. | aol

10 A, H. McMahon—Notes on Fauna of Dir and Swat. [No. ],

tract appears to be the Zamenis which is therein represented by the

following species.

Zamenis diadema.— This is very common, and the specimens

obtained average between 5 to 6 ft. in length. One specimen killed

had just swallowed a large rat. The peculiarity about most specimens

is the bright red colour of their heads. I have noticed this elsewhere

on the N.-W. frontier.

Zamenis mucosus.——Also common. Several very large specimens

were sent me from Mardan. This snake, both in Mardan and here, is

very dark coloured, and curiously resembles the black form of cobra.

I have been more than once taken in by this resemblance, It is very

common in the Guides’ grass farm at Mardan, where it is the terror of

the grass cutters. It adds to its similarity to a cobra by inflating out

its neck into some resemblance to a cobra’s hood—and assuming a

most threatening aspect.

Zamenis ladacensis—Very common. I also obtained specimens of

this snake with a bright vermilion line down the centre of its back.

I understand that this variety used to be considered a separate one

under the name Zamenis rhodorachis. This peculiar and very con-

spicuous colouring would almost appear to entitle it to retain a separate

name.

Zamenis ventrimaculatus.—Not so common as tlie preceding species.

Next to the Zamenis comes in point of numbers of specimens

obtained, the Hchis carinatus, which is plentiful everywhere. It is

possible that it isin reality far more numerous than the Zamenis, but

escapes detection by its protective colouring and smaller size. This is

the only species of the Viperids that has come to my notice in this

country.

Naja tripudians—I have only obtained a few specimens of the

cobra in this country. It does not appear to be numerous. Those

obtained have all been of the black var lety.

Bungarus cseruleus.—Only one specimen of the karait obtained, and

that in Malakand itself.

Tropidonotus piscator.—Common in the Swat valley ; one large speci-

men was found to have 18 large developed eggs inside it.

Tropidonatus stolatus.—One specimen.

I have subsequently obtained another specimen, which I sent alive

to the Indian Museum, where I called Major Alcock’s attention to its

colouring. The vivid light yellow colour of the centre portion of each

cross band down the length of its back has not been brought to notice

before.

Liycodon striatus.x—One specimen which I sent to the Indian Museum,

Calcutta, where it was identified by Major Alcock.

1901. ] A. H. McMahon—Notes on Fauna of Dir and Swat. ll

Gongylophis conicus.—I obtained several specimens of this curious

snake.

Contia angusticeps.—This snake deserves some remark. I obtained

eleven specimens of it at Malakand and was unable to identify it. Major

Alcock, Superintendent, Indian Museum, Calcutta, to whom I sent speci-

mens, was also.unable to identify it with any known species, and it was

sent to the British Natural History Museum, where Mr. Boulenger has

identified it as the above, 7.e., Contia angusticeps, of which ony one

specimen appears to have been previously found.

_ Ophidia.—Continued.

Oligodon swbgriseus.—One specimen.

Typhlops braminus.—Two specimens, which I sent alive to the

Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Glauconia blanfordii.—I obtained one specimen, which I sent alive

to the Indian Museum, Calcutta. It unfortunately escaped before being

definitely identified. Major Alcock says he thinks it was the above

species.

Lacertilia. —Notwithstanding the number of Lizards in the coun-

try, l regret having been unable to devote attention to them. The

only specimens examined by me, have been as follows ;—

Varanus flavescens.—This is very common and attains a length of

about 3 feet.

Varanus bengalensis.—Common.

Gymnodactylus scaber. One specimen identified as above by Major

Alcock.

Calotes versicolor.

Eublepharis macularius.—One specimen identified by Major Alcock.

The colouring of this specimen in life deserves notice, The transverse

bands were jet black and bright yellow with a faint subshade of pink.

Birps.—The Dir and Swat countries are rich in varied and

numerous kinds of birds, both visitors and permanent residents. A

careful study of them would doubtless prove of great interest. Among

the few specimens examined by me are the following.

Rallus aquaticus 29 .—Water Rail. Differs from the type given in

Fauna of India (Birds, Vol. IV), in having the ashy-grey of the breast

slightly (though very slightly) washed with brown. Its length is 12

inches, instead of 11 inches as in the type.

Otis tetraz.—Little Bustard. ‘Two specimens obtained in winter

between Malakand and Mardan.

Cygnus olor.—Mute Swan. One live but wounded specimen brought

in March, 1900, by a man who said he had shot it with three others at

the mouth of the Swat river at Abazai.

12 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

- Lophophorus refulgens.—The Monal Pheasant is fairly common in the

higher and wooded slopes of all the Dir and Swat valleys. It appears

to suffer from snow blindness, and is easily caught at such times.

Several live specimens have been brought to me from Dir, and one from

near Thana in Lower Swat.

Circus cyaneus.—Hen Harrier. One specimen obtained from tia

edge of the Peshawar plain, November, 1900.

Duck and teal of many kinds pass through Swat and Dir on their

way to and from India in the autumn and spring. Quail and snipe also

pass through. I have never heard of Sand Grouse having been seen.

The Chickor and Scarse are permanent residents and very common.

So'also are the Grey and Black Partridges. The Black Partridge only

frequent the lower ends of the valleys. The Grey extend further up

the valleys. |

' Pisces. —The Panjkora and Swat rivers are full of fish, chiefly of the

kind commonly known as Snow Trout, which would appear to wit a

species of Cyprinine.

Mahaseéer (Barbus tor) ascend both rivers in considerable naidhigate

in the spring, but very few remain during the winter, as they nearly all

descend again to the Cabul river in the late autumn. Mahaseer up to

30 Ibs. have been obtained in the lower reaches of the Panjkora and

Swat rivers.

III.—Note. on. the Butterflies comprised in the subgenus Tronga of the

genus Kuploea.—By Lionet ve Nicktyi111, F.E.S., C.M.Z.S8., &e.

'[ Received March 15th; Read April 3rd, 1901. ]

-° In the Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1892, pp. 158-

161, will be found a note by me on the Indian and Malayan Peninsula

Butterflies of the subgenus Stictoplea of the genus Huplea. In the

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1892, pp. 247-248, is practically a reswmé of

this paper. In the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 1xi,

pt. 2, pp. 287-245 (1892), I gave a note on the subgenus Pademma of

the genus Huplea. In the present paper I propose to deal with the

subgenus Tronga of the genus Huplea. Iam driven to do so by the

circumstance that Mr. Robert Shelford, Curator of the Sarawak

Museum, Borneo, has from time to time sent me large numbers of

Trongas, imploring me to name them for him, as he is unable to do so

from Dr. F. Moore’s paper on the Hupleina in the Proceedings of the

Zoological Society of London for 1883, pp. 253-324, in which six

1901. ] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 13

species of the subgenus from Borneo are given as distinct, and from the

other literature at his disposal. I was no more successful. than Mr.

Shelford, and as in Calcutta I am shut off from access to the type speci-

mens of all the described species, [ despatched twenty-two male Ton.

gas from Sarawak to Dr. Moore, who has been so kind as to set them

all, and to return them to me. Under the date 7th October, 1900, he

writes to me:—‘‘I have compared your twenty-two male Trongas with

the types available, and have put the name to a specimen agreeing

exactly with the types of 7’. crameri, Lucas, T. brooke, Moore, and

1’. labwana, Moore. I have also enclosed a pencil sketch of the types of

1’. mooret, Butler, and T. pryeri, Moore, to which none of yours agree,

The types of all these are now in the British Museum. The other

unlabelled specimens of Tronga returned you will easily be able to

match with the verified specimens. I lave not been able to examine

them with 7. duatensis, Moore, as I have no opportunity now of com-

paring them with the type. I hope these will enable you to satisfy

yourself as to their specific value or otherwise.” I would have been

still more grateful to Dr. Moore for his kindness than I am had

he been so good as to have given me his opinion as to the names

by which ‘the nineteen specimens he returncd unnamed should be

known. In this and similar cases it is not difficult to pick out and

name extreme individual forms of a variable species, but it is the inter-

mediate specimens that puzzle one. However, with three named

species, drawings of two others, and the description of the sixth

it is not difficult to deal with the species of Tronga found on the north-

ern side of Borneo. I may note that the Island of Daat, from whence

1’. daatensis was described, is quite close to the much larger island of

Labuan on the North-West coast of Borneo ; both these islands lie ver 4

near to the coast, and are therefore not Hikely to possess any species

peculiar to them, especially Hupleas, which are well known to have

very tough constitutions and to take long and voluntary journeys. On

this subject Mr. W. P. Pryer in Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., fifth

series, vol. xix, p. 48, n. 16 (1887) has some very interesting notes on the

migrations of Hupleas in North Borneo.

Dr. Moore in Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1883, gives twelve Species of

Tronga,-from the Nicobar Isles, Lower Burma, the Malay Peninsula,

Sumatra, Nias, Borneo, and China. The latter habitat is most vague, as

China is a vast country. In ‘“ Lepidoptera Indica,” vol. i, pp. 76-80

(1890), Dr. Moore retains twelve species in the genus, out of which he

describes as new T. nicevillet from the Sunderbunds near Calentta, and

T. heylertsii from Sumatra, but he sinks his 2’. olivacea, Moore, as a’

synonym of T. bremeri, Felder, and omits all reference to 7. kinbergi,

14 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

Wallengren, from China, the total number therefore remaining the same

as in 1883.

In 1896, Mr. H. Fruhstorfer recorded HL. (Tronga) kinbergi,

Wallengren, from the Tengger mountains, 2,000 feet, Hast Java. In

1898, Mr. Fruhstorfer described Tronga crameri tenggerensis, new sub-

species, from the same place.

In 1896, Dr. B, Hagen described and figured an Reales pagenstecheri

from Bawean Island, which hes midway between Borneo and Java.

The describer says it comes into Moore’s genus Menama, which has in

the male an androconal patch of shining black scales on the upperside

of the hindwing behind the subcostal nervure towards the base of the

wing (not mentioned by Dr. Moore), this character being absent from the

genus Tonga. Dr. Hagen says it is allied to ZH. lorze, Boisduval (a

MS. name only, the species should be credited to Dr. Moore, who first

described it). . Mr. Fruhstorfer, however, makes it a local race of

T'ronga crameri, Lucas. From the figure I should say that it is a

Menama rather than a Tronga, but it is impossible to be certain without

seeing a male specimen.

In 1898, Dr. Hagen described Huplea (Tronga) mentawica and

E. (T.) morvisi, from the Mentawej Islands, which lie to the south of

the centre of the island of Sumatra.

In 1898, Mr. F. Fruhstorfer gave a list of the butterflies of the

genus Tronga, and described Tronga crameri tenggerensis from the

Tengger mountains, Hast Java, 2,000 feet, and Tronga crameri, ab.

biseriata, from East Java, It is not known to me if Mr. Fruhstorfer

considered in 1898 that his H. tenggerensis is the same species as the

E. kinbergi, Walleugren, he recorded in 1896 from the same spot. As

noted above, the latter was originally described from China. But he

remarks that the specimen in question appears to him to be a form of

the very variable female of Huplea (Isamia) rafflest, Moore, described from

Java. He goes on to say that “In the British Museum JL. kinbergi is -

apparently by mistake labelled as coming from China,’”’ although

it was originally described from thence. In the same paper Mr.

Fruhstorfer notes that Huplea (Tronga) brooket, Moore, from Borneo is

identical with Huplea (Menama) lorzxe, Moore, also from Borneo. This

is wholly wrong, the two species are absolutely distinct, and Dr. Moore

has correctly placed them in his genera Tronga and Menama respectively,

although he has omitted to describe the satiny shining black patch

of androconia on the upperside of the hindwing of the male by which

Menama can in that sex be at once distinguished from males of Tronga,

which lack this patch. Mr. Fruhstorfer further notes that it is

impossible to establish the genus Menama [as distinct from Tonga],

1901. ] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 15

inasmuch as in Borneo as well as in Sumatra there are “double”

forms of T’ronga and Menama. He says that he possesses, for example,

specimens of T'ronga niasica, Moore, from Nias Island with rounded

forewings and others with angled forewings. That is quite probable,

most likely in addition to Tronga niasica there is an undescribed

species of Menama from that island, which I have not seen, though

I have many males of 7’. niasica. Mr. Fruhstorfer also notes that

the H. (Tronga) crameri of Lucas which I recorded from Bali seems to

belong to H. cramert tenggerensis, Fruhstorfer. This is not absolutely

the case, as my single specimen from that island does not agree entirely

with Mr. Fruhstorfer’s new subspecies, as it has fewer and smaller spots

on the forewing, so is not typical, and is certainly in my opinion not a

species distinct from H. cramert. In the genus Huplea I do not con-

sider as a rule an extra spot or two, or even a whole series of spots, of

any specific value whatever; the maculation in Hupleas is in nearly

every species a most variable character. Lastly Mr. Fruhstorfer notes

that it is curious that no species of Zronga has been found in

the island of Palawan in the Philippines, but that in the other parts of

the Malayan region there are two distinctly marked species of Tronga

which may be classified according to the following scheme :—

A. Hindwing with a prominent row of submarginal dots :—under

which be places (1) J. cramert, Lucas, (2) 7. crameri brooket, Moore,

(3) T. crameri marsdeni, Moore, (4) UT’. cramert bremert, Felder, (5) 1’.

cramert mooret, Butler [incorrect, as this is a Menama, not a Tronga},

(6) T. cramert pagenstechert, Hagen, (7) YZ. cramert tenggerensis,

Fruhstorfer, and ab. bisertata, Fruhstorfer, (8) TT. cramert biseriata,

Moore, and (9) 7. crameri morrisi, Hagen. He notes that T’. daatensis,

Moore, 7’. labuana, Moore, T’. johanna, Kirby, and T’. olivacea, Moore, all

fall to T. cramert, Lucas. As regards 1’. olivacea this is incorrect from

even Mr. Fruhstorfer’s views of the genus Tronga, as that species is,

according to Dr. Moore himself, based on a small female variety of

T’. bremeri, Felder.

B. Hindwing with a double series of very large clear white spots :—

under which he places (1) T. pryeri, Moore, (2) T. pryert heylertsii,

Moore, (8) 7. pryert niasica, Moore, (4) T. pryert mentawica, Hagen, and

(5) T. pryert nicevillet, Moore. Of 1’. crameri brookei, Moore, he notes

that it is perhaps a dry-season form of T. crameri, Lucas; while of

T. pryert heyleertsii, Moore, he notes that it is apparently a rainy-season

form. These surmises are I think quite incorrect, as in Borneo, Sumatra,

and the Malay Peninsula, where these species are said to occur, very few

butterflies indeed exhibit seasonal changes, there being no well-marked

wet- and dry-seasons, rain falling almost throughout the year, and

16 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

certainly’ no such seasonal forms are found in the genus Hupleéa occur-

ring in those regions.

- [have long held the opinion, gained by an extensive knowledge of

the genus Huplea in life, that in nearly all cases it is highly improbable

that any one spot will contain two really distinct species of one group

of the genus. Dr. Moore in his most valuable monograph of the genus

Euplea written in 1883 evidently had no such suspicion, never having

seen a live Huplea, nor an opportunity of examining hundreds of speci-

mens from a single locality as I have frequently done, as, for instance,

he gave six (one with a query) species of Tronga from Borneo; six of

Pademma from Assam, and probably several others, as he records four

other species from EH. and N.-E. Bengal, and another with a query, which

probably mean Assam; four of Isamia from South China and three from

Cochin China; and four of Stzctoplea from Assam. While working up the

Bornean Trongas, I thought it would be well to verify as far as I could this

general opinion of mine that it is exceptional for two distinct species

of one group to really occur in any one given locality, and taking up only

India and those regions lying adjacent thereto and Southern China,

regions that I am more or less well acquainted with from visiting many

of them for the purpose of collecting butterflies, I find on the whole

that my conjectures are likely to prove correct, though in two or three

groups, subgenera or genera (it is immaterial for our purpose how we

term them, though I prefer subgenera in our present ignorance of the

transformations of most of the species), this is certainly not the case,

as in Penoa we have a brilliantly blue-glossed species (devone, Westwood)

and a non-blue-glossed species (dowbledayi, Felder) occurring together

in Sikkim, Assam and Burma; while two quite distinct non-glossed

species, differing entirely in size and male sexual brands, gardineri, |

Fruhstorfer, and menetriesii, Felder (=pinwilli, Butler and evalida,

Swinhoe) vccur together in the Malayan Peninsula and Sumatra; again

in Pademma we have in the region of Calcutta and southwards to Tra-

vancore a species (kollavi, Felder) which is but slightly if at all blue-

glossed in those regions, gradually merging in other parts of Bengal

(the Maldah district for instance), Sikkim, Bhutan and Assam into a

strongly blue-glossed species (klugii, Moore). It is difficult to know

how to deal in systematic work with such forms, as the one is quite

distinct and constant in one region, while in another region this erst- -

while “good species’ becomes gradually merged into another species

which in its extremest form is absolutely different. In Hongkong also

two apparently quite distinct species of Crastva occur, viz., godartit,

Lucas, and kinbergi, Wallengren. However, these exceptional groups do

not greatly invalidate my previous conceptions of these various subgenera

1901. ] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 17

of Huplea, as speaking generally I think it may be treated as an axiom

that no two really distinct species of one subgenus will be found to

inhabit one limited area. If would-be describers of Yupleas and several

other genera would bear this in mind in future, we would be saved

many of the synonyms of the past which burden our butterfly literature

and give endless trouble in trying to unravel them. I may note here

that I wholly dissent from the opinions held by Colonel C. Swinhoe as

expressed in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 270, that varietal forms of

well-known species should be named. It may be arguable that

“varieties”” may perhaps be described and named for the sake of con-

venience, though I consider it to be very inexpedient to do so, especially

in certain groups of Hupleas in which it is almost impossible to find

two specimens marked exactly alike, and to be logical every specimen

should have a name and thus reduce scientific nomenclature to an absur-

dity; but what I especially deprecate is calling these obvious varieties

“new species,” which they certainly are not. However, the late Capt.

E. Y. Watson in Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. x, pp. 639-640

(1897) has already very clearly pointed out the untenable position

taken up by Col. Swinhoe in this matter, so I will not further attempt

to “ kill the slain.” |

To prove my thesis I will give some lists of subgenera of Huplea

which I think will help to substantiate my case. These lists are not

exhaustive and may perhaps contain some slight inaccuracies, but: they

me I believe in the main correct, and may prove perhaps to be some

help to others in working at this great group. The names placed in

brackets are in my opinion synonyms. The order of subgenera is that

followed in Dr. Moore’s monograph of the Hupleina published in 1883.

It would have been better to have given two lists, one of localities the

other of species, but this would have taken up too much time and space,

so I have adopted the second course ; the first can with a little trouble be

evolved from it.

Mernama, Moore.

Lower Burma, modesta, Butler (cupreipennis, Moore, tavoyana,

Malay Peninsula, modesta, Butler. [ Moore).

Siam, camaralzeman, Butler. gf

», modesta, Butler. .

Nicobar Isles, simulatriz, Wood-Mason and de Nicéville.

Sumatra, moorei, Butler. 7

- buatont, Moore.

Borneo, lorzs, Moore.

on PE, a

18 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

Menama does not apparently support my theory, as from the list

above two species are given from Siam; but Siam is a large country

and may have two distinct species of Menama occurring in different

parts of it, though as camaralzeman and modesta apparently differ not

at all except in size—this difference being very considerable—it may be

that they are one and the same species. Again two species, mooret and

buxtont, are recorded from Sumatra, the former is non-blue-glossed, the

latter is blue-glossed. I have had very numerous specimens of moore

from thence, it is very common there, but I have never seen buxtoni, so

there may be some mistake about the habitat of that species. Dr:

Moore places moorei in Tonga, but it is a true Menama.

Tronaa, Moore.

Lower Burma, crameri, Lucas (bremeri, Felder, johanna, Kirby,

marsdeni, Moore, olivacea, Moore, brookei, Moore, labuana, Moore,

daatensis, Moore, pryeri, Moore, heyleertsiz, Moore).

Malay Peninsula, crameri, Lucas.

Nicobar Isles, frawenfeldii, Felder (espert, Felder, biseriata, Moore).

Sumatra, crameri, Lucas.

Banka, cramer, Lucas.

Bali, cramert, Lucas.

Borneo, cramerz, Lucas.

Natuna Isles, cramer, Lucas.

Java, tenggerensis, Fruhstorfer, and ab. biseriata, Fruhstorfer.

Nias Island, niasica, Moore.

Bawean Island, pagenstechert, Hagen.

Mentawej Isles, morrist, Hagen.

* » mentawica, Hagen.

The subgenus Tronga is more fully considered on pages 30-38. I

need only note here that I have not seen the two species recorded from

the Mentawej Isles described as distinct by Dr. Hagen. It is highly

probable I think that they are synonymous, and moveover are not

separable from some previously-described species.

ApicAmMa, Moore.

Malay Peninsula, malayica, Butler (stolli, Weymer).

Sumatra, malayica, Butler.

Nias Island, malayica, Butler.

Java, ochsenheimeri, Moore.

Borneo, scudderii, Butler.

Palawan (Philippines), claudina, Staudinger.

1901.] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 19

I have nothing to remark about this subgenus; each of the four

known species inhabits a distinct area, and no two of them have been

recorded from the same area. 3

Prnoa, Moore.

Eastern Himalayas, doubledayi, Felder.

is ‘A deione, Westwood (poey:, Felder, magnifica,

Assam, doubledayz, Felder. [ Butler).

deione, Westwood.

Upper Burma, doubledayi, Felder.

= 5 detone,, Westwood.

Lower Burma, doubledayi, Felder. -

gardinert, Fruhstorfer.

. », limborgit, Moore.

Malay Peninsula, gardinerz, Fruhstorfer.

- be menetriesit, Felder (pinwillit, Butler, evalida,

Indo-China, limborgii, Moore. [Swinhoe).

a gardinert, Fruhstorfer.

Sumatra, menetriesii, Felder.

+! gardinert, Fruhstorfer.

Nias Island, menetriesii, Felder.

kheili, Weymer.

5 ~& uniformis, Moore.

Banka, menetriesiz, Felder.

Java, alcathoé, Godart (melancholica, Butler).

», wallengrenit, Felder.

» ¢ geyert, Felder.

5, ? eyndhovit, Felder.

Billiton, transpectus, Moore.*

Lombok, ? geyeri, Felder.

e sapitana, Fruhstorfer.

Borneo, wniformis, Moore.

» zonata, Druce.

5 masina, Fruhstorfer.

Mentawej Isles, sevtz:, Hagen.

Palawan (Philippines), cyllene, Staudinger.

8 ns distincta, Staudinger.

I have made some remarks on the subgenus Penoa on page 16. It is

99 99

99 9

* Mynheer P.C.T. Snellen in Tijd. voor Ent., vol. xxxiii, p. 284, n. 4 (1890),

records H, alcathoé from Billiton. It is unknown to me whether or no he considers

P, transpectus to be a synonym of that species.

20 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

an exception to my theory that two allied species of the same subgenus

do not as a rule occur in the same region. The synonymy of the

subgenus has been greatly changed since Dr. Moore’s Monograph of the

Eupleina was published in 1883, and since his ‘‘ Lepidoptera Indica ”

appeared. In the first-named paper his No. 1, alcathoé, Godart, is the

doubledayt of Felder; his No. 3, menetriesiz, Felder, is the gardineri of

Fruhstorfer; and his No. 4, pinwillii, Butler, is the menetriesit of Felder.

I think the number of recorded species in this genus will be greatly

reduced in the future, and many of the names given above as repre-

senting distinct species will be reduced to the rank of synonyms. I

possess only doubleday1, deione, gardineri, limborgit, menetriesit, alcathoé,

? geyert, untformis, and zonata.

CrastiA, Hiibner.

Western Himalayas

Eastern nl core, Cramer (cora, Hibner, vermiculata,

Continental India Butler, nicevillei, Moore).

Peninsular _,,

Ceylon, asela, Moore.

Burma (Upper only) core, Cramer.

Burma, godartit, Lucas (stamensis, Felder, layardi, Druce, subdita,

Malay Peninsula, graminifera, Moore. [Moore, binghamz, Moore).

? godartit, Lucas.

3 distantii, Moore,

Tne: China, godartit, Lucas.

mouhotit, Moore.

Me ? amymone, Godart.

FS ins, kinbergi, Wallengren.

lorquinit, Felder (felderi, Butler).

? amymone, Godart.

godartit, Lucas.

». prunosa, Moore.

Nicobar Isles, scherzert, Felder (camorta, Moore).

Sumatra, ? amymone, Godart.

inconspicua, Moore.

distantit, Moore.

i“ feldert, Butler.

Engano Isle, enganensis, Doherty.

es ,, oceanis, Doherty.

Java, haworthii, Lucas (eleusina, Hiibner, part, pl. ccxxu (ix),

7 figs. 1, 2, mec Cramer, hiibnert, Moore,

mooret, Felder, janus, Butler).

PP] 9

9 99

he)

1901. ] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 21

Java, godartiz, Lucas. .

Philippines, snellent, Moore.

‘9 godarti, Lucas.

From the list above it would appear that Crastia does not bear out

my theory at all, Under core I have placed cora, Hiibner, and vermi-

culata, Butler, as these names represent the dry-season form of the

species. I have also added nicevillei, Moore, which comes from the

Sunderbans, near Calcutta. Many years ago four specimens of the

“‘ species’”’ were given to me, taken in February, and I set them down

to be rather unusually white examples of the dry-season form of core

(cora+vermiculata). Two of these I gave to Colonel Swinhoe, and

Dr. Moore described them as T’ronga nicevillei in Lep. Ind., vol. i, p. 77,

pl. xx. The male has no sexual brand in the submedian interspace of

the forewing, this brand, however, is often obsolete in C. core, and is not

a character of much importance. The wings also are broader than in

typical C. core. In spite of these obvious differences, I am still of

opinion that Tronga nicevillet is nothing more than the dry-season form

of Crastia core found in the swamps of the Sunderbans. I cannot

believe that an absolutely distinct species of Huplawa is alone to be

found in a very limited area of recently formed alluvial land attached

to the mainland of Bengal. Hxcept for this “species” India proper

and Ceylon is each inhabited by only a single species of Orastia.

We now come to Burma, where godartit, Lucas, of which siamensis,

Felder, is an undoubted synonym, is the dominant form. With it is found

layardi, Druce, of which binghami, Moore, is a pure synonym. In this

form the pale violet apical area to the forewing on the upperside in both

sexes is absent ; but this feature is not constant, and intergrades between

true godartii and true layardi are occasionally found. But in the extreme

north of Burma on the coast at Akyab, at Rangoon, and in Upper

Tenasserim in Central Burma at Hatsiega is found subdita, Moore, which

is the type and only species of Moore’s genus Mahintha. The only

specimens of this form that I have seen are from Akyab and the

Arakan Hills, the latter locality being rather uncertain, as my speci-

mens did not reach me direct from the collector but through a third

person. These examples do not quite agree with Dr. Moore’s figures of

subdita from Akyab, (Lep. Ind., vol. i, pl. xxix), being less broad in the

wing. Asa species I do not consider it to be distinct from layardi, which

again equals godarti, although its wings are a little broader than typical

Specimens of the last-named species. It bears the same relation to

godartw that nicevillet does to core. In Upper Burma (Akyab, the Arracan

Coast, and at Rungamutti in the Chittagong district) 2. core has been

obtained singly.

22 L, de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. — [No. ,

In the Malay Peninsula, distantii, Moore, was described from a

single specimen from Province Wellesley (in Sumatra it is the common

and dominant Crastia), but godartii has been recorded by Mr. Distant from

Singapore, probably erroneously, and Dr. Moore has described Orastia

graminifera from the ‘“‘ Malay Peninsula” apparently from a unique male

example in Mr, Oberthir’s collection. He compares it with verniculata,

Butler, but from the description it would appear to be nothing but a

form of C. distantii, Moore, with rather smaller spots than in the

typical specimens of that species; an obviously variably character in

my large series of that species. Mr. Distant in his ‘ Rhopalocera

Malayana” ignores graminifera altogether.

In Indo-China, which includes Siam, godarti is the commonest

species. Dr. Moore records Orastia amymone, Godart, originally de-

scribed from Amboina, from Cochin China, a species I am quite unable

to recognise from the original description, and Dr. Arnold Pagen-

stecher says in his paper on the butterflies of Amboina that he has not

seen it from thence. Lastly, Dr. Moore describes a Menama mouhotit

from Cambodia, of which I have a typical male from Chentaboon in

Siam, This species has no male brand, and the wings are broader and

more rounded than in typical Crastda. It therefore is an analogous

species to nicevillet and subdita, and in my opinion is nothing but an

aberrant form of layardi (=binghami), which again equals godartii

(=siamensis). If my conjectures are right, it is very remarkable that

the subgenus Crastia should have given rise to three aberrant forms in

three well-defined regions, all differing one from the other and in differ-

ent ways from the parent forms. Crastia appears to be in a highly

plastic state.

From China proper five species have been recorded—kinbergi, Wal-

lengren, of which lorquinii, Felder, and felderi, Butler, are I believe

synonyms ; godartw, Lucas (these two species occur together in Hong-

kong, and are I believe distinct) ; amymone, Godart, the Amboina

Species twice before mentioned; and prunosa, Moore. This latter is

described from the very vague locality “‘ China” apparently from a single -

male in M. Oberthiir’s collection. If it should be found to occur in

Hongkong it will probably prove to be a synonym of kinbergi.

In the Nicobar Isles we have a single species of Crastia, the scher-

zert of Felder, which was I believe originally wrongiy labelled from

Ceylon, and is therefore almost certainly the camorta of Moore.* It is

not a true Crastia, as although it has the Crastia brand on the forewing

in the male, it has as well the secondary sexual characters of Menama

on the hindwing, which are not found in true Orastia.

* Vide de Nicéville, Journ, A.S.B., vol. Ixviii, pt, 2, p. 178 (1899).

1901.] UL. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 23

In Sumatra, the butterflies of the N.-E. portion of which are well-

known to me in life,* only one species of Crastia is I believe to be found,

the distantiz of Moore ; though amymone, Godart, described from Amboina,

has been recorded from thence; and inconspicua, Moore, and felderi,

Butler, have been both described from Sumatra. C. felderi certainly

occurs in Hongkong and is a synonym of lorquinii, Felder; while

C. inconspicua, the description of which discloses a species apparently

distinct from either distantii or felderi, having an immaculate forewing

on the upperside, may have been wrongly labelled by Dr. A. R. Wallace,

or occurs in a different part of the island to that with which I am

familiar.

From Java two distinct species have been recorded—godartii, Lucas,

which was I believe originally described from Java, but the work in which

it is described is not in the Calcutta libraries, anyhow, it probably does

not really occur in Java; and haworthit, Lucas (=hibneri, Moore, +

- moorei, Felder, + janus, Butler, = elewsina, Hiibner, part, nec Cramer). In

my collection I have but a single Crastia from Java, which I call haworthii,

Lucas. It is extremely variable, in some male specimens the brand is

almost half the length and quite half the breadth that it is in others,

and the maculation also is not exactly the same in any two of my four-

teen specimens. I think that Mr. W. F. Kirby in the new edition of

Hiibner’s Ex. Schmett., pp. 6, 7, has misinterpreted the figures on

pl. 222 (9) of that work. Figures 1 and 2 represent a male Crastia

which will stand as C. haworthii, Lucas, = hiibneri, Moore, = mooret,

Felder, = janus, Butler; while figures 3 and 4 represent the female of

Selinda eleusina, Cramer, the male of which is figured by Cramer in Ex.

Lep., on plate cclxvi, fig. D. Mr. Kirby calls figs. 1 and 2 “ Selinda

janus, Butler,” and figs. 3 and 4 “ Selinda eleusina, Stoll [Cramer]. In

Java only one species of Crastia appears to be found.

From the Philippines two species of Crastia have been recorded,

snellent, Moore, and godarti, Lucas, the latter almost certainly incorrectly.

TREPSICHROIS, Hiibner.

Himalayas, A

Oudh,

Central Provinces, | claudius, Fabriciust (linnxi, Moore, van-deven-

Assam, teri, Forbes).

Burma,

Malay Peninsula, J)

* Vide de Nicéville, Journ. A.S.B., vol. lxiv, pt. 2, pp. 857-555 (1895).

+ Vide Aurivillius, Ent. Tids., vol. xviii, p. 141, n. 7 (1897).

24 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No.1],

Indo-China, >

China,

Formosa,

Nicobar Isles, claudius, Fabricius* (linnet, Moore, van-deven-

Sumatra, | teri, Forbes). .

Bawean,

Natuna Isles,

New Guinea? J

Ganjam on the E. coast of peninsular India, kalinga, Doherty.

Nias Isle, verhuelli, Moore.

Bali,

Java,

? Malay Peninsula,

Billiton,

Banka,

Borneo,

Engano Isle, malakoni, Doherty.

Mentawij Isles, maassi, Hagen.

Philippine Isles, semperi, Felder (tisiphone, Butler).

basilissa, Cramer.

mulciber, Cramer.

a3 » diocletia, Hiibner (dufresne, Godart, megilla,

i 5, kocht, Moore. [ Hrichson ).

- 5 visaya, Semper.

és » mindanaensis, Semper.

i », seraphita, Fruhstorfer.

a » linnei, var. paupera, Staudinger.

The subgenns T'repsichrois bears out my theory very well, no two

species occurring in the same spot. The development of the subgenus

is very remarkable in the different islands of the Philippine Archipelago,

where the most aberrant and distinct species are found.

Evuria@a, Fabricius,

Ceylon, corus, Fabricius (elisa, Butler).

Assam ? vitrina, Fruhstorfer ?

Burma, vitrina, Fruhstorfer.

Malay Peninsula, castelnaut, Felder (phebus, Butler).

Indo-China, drucei, Moore.

Nicobar Isles, castelnaut, Felder.

Sumatra, castelnaui, Felder.

Nias Isles, pheretena, Kheil.

Engano, micronesia, Doherty.

* Vide Aurivillius, Ent. Tids., vol, xviii, p. 141, n. 7 (1897).

1901. ] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 25

Java, pavettw, Zinken-Sommer.

5 gyllenhali, Lucas.

,, castelnaut, Felder.

Banka, castelnaut, Felder.

Borneo, butleri,; Moore.

» godmani, Moore.

Bawean, castelnaui, Felder.

Philippines (Palawan), salvini, Staudinger.

Celebes, celebica, Fruhstorfer,

Talaut Isles, locupletior, Fruhstorfer.

Engano Isle, micronesia, Doherty.

The subgenus Huplea bears out my theory very well. It is true

that three species have been recorded from Java and two from Borneo

but it is almost certain that only one species occurs in each eta.

Mr. Fruhstorfer in Stet. Ent. Zeit., vol. lx, p. 353 (1899), gives only

pavettse from Java and butlert from Hee which is almost certainly a

correct statement of the facts.

CaALLIPL@a, Butler.

Lower Burma, lederert, Felder (inquinata, Butler).

Malay Peninsula, ledereri, Felder.

Indo-China, musa, Swinhoe.

Sumatra, ? ledereri, Felder.

P eunus, de Nicéville.

Java, mazares, Moore.

Bali, mazares, Moore.

Natuna Isles, mazares, Moore.

Borneo, avistotelis, Moore,

Lombok, sambavana, Doherty.

Sumba, swmbana, Doherty.

Batjan, ledereri, Felder.

Flores, mazares, Moore.

Philippines, pollita, Erichson.

monilis, Moore.

7 (Palawan), palawana, Fruhstorfer.

Hainan Island, China, hainana, Holiand.

North China, marzesis, Moore.

The subgenus Culliplea supports my theory very well , althongh

the two first-named species occurring in the Philippine Ar See) are

sometimes found on the same islands. It is very doubtful if two; Species

are found in Sumatra, the recorded Jledereri being probably my later-

described. eunus.

J: i. 4

26 L. de Nicéville— Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [ No. ],

Danisepa, Moore.

Kastern Himalayas, mt

Assam,

Burma,

Malay Peninsula,

Indo-China,

‘ diocletianus, Fabricius (radamanthus,

Fabricius, ramsayt, Moore).

Sumatra,

Billiton,

Banka,

Natuna Isles, J

Nias Island, schretbert, Butler (maassenz, Weymer, niasana, Swinhoe,

Java, alcidice, Godart (thoosa, Hiibner). (niasica, Snellen).

Borneo, lowei, Butler.

Dr. Moore in Lep. Ind., vol. i, p. 114 (1891) records D. shreiberi

[sic!] from Borneo, but that species is I believe strictly confined to

Nias. Mynheer P. C. T. Snellen has written an interesting note on the

subgenus Danisepa in Tijd. voor Ent., vol. xlii, pp..101-105 (1899), but

omits all reference to D. schretbert, Butler, which is an older name than

D. niasica, Snellen. I am unable, as Dr. Moore did in 1883, to draw

any line between diocletianus and radamanthus. In 1890 he united these

two species, but gave the latter name (rhadamanthus, sic!) precedence,

while diocletianus in the older, and described ramsayi as a new species,

restricting it to the Hastern Himalayas. That species gradually merges

into diocletianus, though typical specimens have the white markings

larger ; but this is an inconstant character. Mr. W. F. Kirby points

out in the new edition of Htbner’s Ex. Schmett., p. 5, that in Godart’s

D. alcidice from Java no mention is made in the description of the white

marginal spots on the forewing. This is probably an omission only, as

no species of Danisepa is known from Java or elsewhere in which these

spots are lacking, though they are blue rather than white. Kirby gives

D. thoosa specific rank to the exclusion of the older alcidice. Danisepa

supports my theory very well, as the several species nowhere overlap.

SALPINX, Hiibner.

Lower Burma, )

Malay Peninsula, | leucostictos, Gmelin (dehaanii, Lucas,

Western China, > novare, Felder, vestigiata, Butler, lazulina,

Nicobar Isles, | Moore, lewcogonys, Butler),

Sumatra, J .

1901.) =‘. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Trovga. 27

- Nias Isle, )

Java, | leucostictos, Gmelin (dehaanii, Lucas,

Bali, r novarxz, Felder, vestigiata, Butler, lazulina,

Borneo, | | Moore, leucogonys, Butler).

Talaut Islands, J

Borneo, kadu, Eschscholtz.

Engano Island, phane, Doherty.

Philippine Isles, kadu, Hschscholtz (ewnice, Godart, hewitsonit,

is ‘5 oculata, Moore. [ Butler).

a 3 simillima, Moore.

9 » althza, Semper.

” 9 meldolx, Moore.

Amboina, leucostictos, Gmelin.

-Hainan Island, negleyana, Holland.

toge

N. Formosa Island, hobsoni, Butler,

In the Philippine Isles the various species of Salpina occur

ther on several of the islands, which goes to disprove my theory ;

elsewhere the several species appear to inhabit well-defined separate

area

s, except in Borneo, where leucosticéos and kadu are both found.

‘i

PapremMa, Moore.

Behar, (klugit, Moore (tllustris, Butler, grantiz,

Bengal (Maldah), Butler, dharma, Moore, augusta, Moore,

Sikkim hills, indigofera, Moore, imperialis, Moore, regalis,

Bhutan, Moore, macclellandi, Moore, wniformis,

Assam, Moore, sherwillit, Moore, | hamiltont,

Upper Burma, | Swinhoe).

Bengal (Maldah),

Assam, | klugit, Moore, geographical race erichsonii,

Upper Burma, Felder (crassa, Butler, masonz, Moore, pem-

Lower Burma, bertonit, Moore, apicalis, Moore, burmeistert,

Malay Peninsula, | Moore).

Indo-China, J

Sikkim,

Bengal, ) retugit, Moore, geographical race kollari, Felder

Orissa, j (rothneyi, Moore).

South India,

year

Ceylon, sinhala, Moore.

Hainan Island, minorata, Moore.

I have nothing to add to what I wrote on this subgenus nearly ten.

sago. The two geographical races separated above are not strictly

28 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

geographically separated, as they overlap the typical form at certain

points. The Ceylonese species can be satisfactorily separated from the

continental form ; the species from Hainan I have not seen.

Isamra, Moore.

Nepal, a)

Sikkim, |

Bhutan, rogenhofert, Felder (splendens, Butler, irawada,

Assam, r Moore).

Upper Burma, |

Central Burma, J

Central Burma,

Lower Burma,

Malay Peninsula, _

Indo-China, grotei, Felder (part, male only),

margarita, Butler (adamsoni, Marshall,

brahma, Moore, carpenteri, Moore).

i » margarita, Butler.

ies » marseuli, Moore.

99 99 fabricii, Moore.

; midamus, Linnsus (superba, Herbst, alopia,

Southern China, Godart, sinica, anes ;

Northern China, dameli, Moore.

Malay Peninsula,

Sumatra, |

Nias Island, si

ae) Poles chloé, Guérin (agyptus, Butler, dejeant, Distant,

ed staudingert, Kheil, rafflesi, Moore, singapura,

9 . e .

Banka, | Moore, sophia, Moore, lowe’, Moore).

Billiton,

Borneo. J

Mantawej Isles, sticheli, Hagen.

From the list given above it will be seen that it is only in Indo-

China that more than one species of Isamia is found. I. grotei, male

only, described from “ Cochin” (Cochin China being evidently meant,

not the district of that name in South India) is probably the same as

I. margarita, Butler; I. marseuli is probably the same species; but

I. fabricit belongs to quite another group (2.e., to the chloé group), being

entirely unglossed with blue on the upperside, which is a conspicuous

feature in the other three species. Unfortunately I do not possess a

single specimen of Isamia from any part of Indo-China, so am unable to

speak about them from first-hand knowledge.

1901.] L. de Nicéville—Butiterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 29

Narmapa, Moore.

Ceylon, montana, Felder (lankana, Moore).

South India, coreta, Godart (coreotdes, Moore).

Sumatra, ? consimilis, Felder.

5 martini, de Nicéville.

Java, consimilis, Felder.

I have seen no specimen of N. consimilis from Sumatra. N. mar-

tinii from that island is not a true Narmada, as the male sexual brands

are not typical; nor dves the shape of the wings agree with those of

typical Narmada. I may mention that N. coreta does occur in Orissa,

Ihave many specimens from thence. Dr. Moore notes in Lep. Ind., vol. i,

p. 134, that its identification from thence “Is probably erroneous, and

requires confirmation.” N. consimilis seems to be extremely rare, I

have seen no specimen of it.

SticropL@a, Butler.

Kastern Himalayas, Hf

Assam,

Burma,

Malay Peninsula,

Indo-China,

Sumatra,

Borneo,

Palawan (Philippines), dotata, Fruhstorfer.

Philippines, lztifica, Butler.

ai bazilana, Fruhstorfer.

Sumatra, picina, Butler.

3 inconspicua, Butler.

> mesta, Butler.

Java,

Sambawa,

Formosa, swinhoet, Wallace.

S. tyrianthina is very doubtfully distinct from S. harrist?, Four

species of Stictoplea have been recorded from Sumatra. Out of the

many hundreds of Hupleas which have passed through my hands from

that island, I have seen but one species, which I identify as tyrianthina.

S. mesta is recorded from thence by Dr. Butler in Proc. Zool. Soe.

_Lond., 1866, p. 284, n. 49, p. 281, fig. 3, male, and Trans. Ent. Soc.

Lond., third series, vol. v, p. 474, n. 51 (1867), and these records were

overlooked by me in my paper on the butterflies of Sumatra in Journ.

A.S.B., vol. Ixiv, pt. 2, pp. 857-555 (1895). Dr. Moore gives it from

New Guinea only. Notes by me on the Indian and Malay Peninsula

harris, Felder (grotei, Felder, part, female

only, hoper, Felder, microsticta, Butler,

binotata, Butler, regina, Moore, pygmea,

] Moore, crowley, Moore).

‘ tyrianthina, Moore.

‘ lacordairei, Moore.

30 L. de Nicévillé—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

species of Stictoplea will be found in Proc. A.S.B., 1892, pp. 158-16],

and Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1892, pp. 247-248.

I now return to the discussion of the various species of the sub-

genus J'ronga, and will take up each of them in the order 1 in which

they were first described.

1. TRONGA CRAMERI, Lucas.

Euplea crameri, Lucas, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1853, p. 318, male; id.,

Moore, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. H.I.C., vol. i, p. 129, n. 256 (1857), male ;

id., Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 277, n. 27; id., Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond., 1873, p. 388, n. 4; Crastia erameri, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool.,

vol. xiv, p. 297, n. 7 (1878); id., Snellen, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. xvii, p. 118, n. 2

(1895); Ewplca (Crastia) crameri, Marshall and de Nicéville, Butt. of India, -vol. i,

p. 78, pl. viii, fig. 15, male (1882); Tronga crameri, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,

1883, p. 266, n. 1; idem, id., Lep, Ind., vol. i, p. 79 (1890) ; id., Frahstorfer, Berl.

Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898).

Hasitat: Manilla (Lucas); Borneo (Moore); Borneo (Butler) ;

Borneo (Druce) ; Natuna Isles (Snellen) ; Borneo (Marshall and de Nicé-

ville) ; North and South Borneo, Mt. Mulu (Fruhstorfer).

This species was originally described from Manilla, in Luzon, the

capital of the Philippines, but according to all authors including Herr

G. Semper in Schmett. Philipp., p. 33 (1886), itis not found there. I

have not had access to the original description, so do not know exactly

what form of it M. Lucas described. The specimen I figured in 1882

may perhaps be typical, it has, on the upperside of the forewing, one

discal spot in the second median interspace, and six submarginal spots,

both the marginal and submarginal series on the hindwing obsolete.

The specimen Dr. Moore has kindly marked for me as typical has eight

submarginal spots on the forewing and a few (six) marginal spots on the

hindwing, one belonging to the inner series. Dr. Butler notes that

“The description by M. Lucas answers to Moore’s species.” It is ex-

tremely variable, even in Borneo, and has been. given, in my opinion,

nine synonymic names.

2, Tronca KInBeERGI, Wallengrén.

Euplea kinbergi, Wallengrén, Wien. Ent. Monatsch., vol. iv, p. 35, n. 8 (1860) ;

idem, id., Kongl. Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa, Zoologi, Insecta, pt. 4, p. 352, n. 4

(1861); id., Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 273, n. rae 453; Crastia kinbergi,

id., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zoology, vol. xiv, p. 297, n. 6 (1878); Tronga kinbergi,

Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., 1883, p. 269, n. 12; Huplea ie onga) kinbergi, Fruhs-

torfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xli, p. 300 (1896).

Hasrrar: China, December (Wallengrén) ; China (Butler) ; China

(Moore) ; Tengger mountains, 2,000 feet, Hast Java (Fruhstorfer)..

1901. ] L. de Nicéville—Butterjlies of the subgenus Tronga. 3)

When describing this species, Wallengrén gave “China” as its:

habitat, which is very vague, but as most of the older writers had

access to species from Southern China only, 7. kinbergi probably came

from the Canton district or from the Island of Hongkong, both in

Southern China. He compares it with H. alopia, Godart, which is an

‘Isamia. He does not give the sex of the type specimen. The descrip-

tion agrees very well with some of my specimens of the very variable

Euplea (Orastia) lorquinii, Felder (= LE. feldert, Butler), the commonest

species in Hongkong. Should this species prove to be same as lorquinit,

Wallengrén’s name will stand, being the older. Butler in 1866

recorded it from China, and noted that “ I. felderi may be a local form

of FE. kinberyi, Wallengren,” which is probably a correct assumption.

Moore in 1883 gave it as a Tonga from China, and said that specimens

were in the collection of the British Museum, but in 1890 he made no

mention of it in “ Lep. Ind.” amongst the extra-Indian species of

Tronga. Fruhstorfer recorded it from Java, which is almost certainly

incorrect; as far as I know, no species of Huplwa is common to both

China and Java, and there is no reason to suspect that FH. kinbergi came

from anywhere else than China.*

3. TRONGA BREMERI, Felder.

Euplea bremeri, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monatsch., vol. iv, p. 398, n. 16 (1860) ; id

Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 277, n. 28; idem, id., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.,

Zool., second series, vol. i, pp. 535, 564, n. 6 (1877); id., Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond., 1873, p. 338, p.5; id., Godman and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 638,

n, 8; id., Distant, Rhop. Malay., pp. 23, 410, n. 2, pl. ii, fig. 4,- male (1882, 1886);

id., Marshall and de Nicéville, Butt. India, Burmah and Ceylon, vol. i, p. 78, n. 60

(1882) ; s id., Marshall, Proc. .A. 8. B., 1882,-p. 143, n. 60; ane Adamson, Notes

Danaine Beviial, p. 10 (1889) ; ideih, id., Cat. Butt. Burmah, p. 5, n. 26 (1889) ; id.,

Hagen, Tidjsch. van het Kon. Ned. Aard. Genootsch., 1890, p. ist, n. 2; idem, id.,

Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xxxvii, p. 148, n. 8 (1892); idem, id., Iris, vol. vii, p. 41,

n. 104 (1894); id., Pagenstecher, in Kiikenthal’s Erg. einer zool. Forsch. Molukken

und in Borneo, p. 389, n. 109 (1897) ; Crastia bremeri, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond.,

Zool., vol. xiv, p. 298, n. 9 (1878); Tronga bremeri, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond.,

1883, p. 267, n. 4, pl. xxix, fig. 5, male; idem, id., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool.,

vol. xxi, p. 30 (1886); idem, id., Lep. Ind., vol. i, p. 76, pl. xix, figs. 1, la, 1b, male;

Ic, 1d, female (1890) ; EB. (Tronga) bremeri, Adamson, Cat. Butt. Burmah, p. 7, n. 15

* Since the above was written Professor Chr. Aurivillius has sent me a_ beanti-

fnl coloured drawing of the type specimen of Euplea kinbergi, Wallengrén, this

drawing I hope to reproduce in a later paper. It represents a female example of

probably the commonest form of Huplea found in Hongkong and on the opposite

mainland of Southern China. The Huplea lorquinii of Felder and £. fous of Butler

are synonyms of E, kinbergi. It is a Crastia, not a Tronga,

a2 L. de Nicéville--Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No.1],

(1897); id., de Nicéville and Martin, Journ. A.S.B., vol. lxiv, pt. 2, p. 370, n. 19 (1895) ;

Tronga crameri bremeri, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898).

Hasitat: Malay Peninsula (Felder); Malayan Peninsula; India;

Assam and Nepal (sic!) ; Malacca ; Province Wellesley; Penang; Singa-

pore ; Borneo ; Sumatra (Butler) ; Borneo ; Peninsula Malayica ( Druce) ;

Billiton; Borneo; Malacca (Godman and Salvin); Assam; Burma;

Province Wellesley; Malacca; Tenasserin (Distant); Mergui Archi-

pelago; Penang; Malacca; Singapore; Borneo; Sumatra ( Marshall and

de Nicéville) ; Akyab, July (Marshall); Moulmain, June ; Moumagan in

Tavoy, September (Adamson); Deli on the east coast of Sumatra ;

Banka Island; Further India; Malacca (Hagen) ; Samarinda in Borneo .

(Pagenstecher) ; Malacca ; Sumatra; India (Butler) ; Province Wellesley ;

Tavoy; Mergui, December to March, very common; Akyab, July;

Thoungyeen forests in Upper Tenasserim; Mergui Archipelago, Decem-

ber to Mareh; Malay Peninsula (Moore); Tavoy coast, September,

common; Moulmain, one pair, June (Adamson); N.-E. Sumatra, plains

to 1,500 feet (de Nicéville and Martin); Malacca; Sumatra; Natuna

Isles (Fruhstorfer).

I consider this species to be a synonym of 7’. crameri, Lucas. It is

extremely variable; Dr. Moore has devoted an entire plate to it in his

Lep. Ind., which shews a few of these variations. ven its male

secondary sexual characters are inconstant, as in Sumatra I have

recorded that a few specimens have on the upperside of the forewing a

short, sometimes quite a long and distinct, brand in the submedian

interspace. These examples do not fit into Dr. Moore’s definition of his

genus Tronga, which is described and usually does not possess a sexual-

mark or scent-producing organ. But these aberrant examples are

certainly not distinct as species from the more common typical specimens

of T. bremeri. This brand is sometimes present and sometimes absent

in other species of Huplea, as will be noticed hereafter. 1. bremert has

been recorded from Assam and Nepal by Dr. Butler, but is not found

further north than Akyab in Upper Burma.

4, 'TRONGA FRAUENFELDII, Felder.

Euplea frauenfeldii, Felder, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. xii, p. 479,

n. 87 (1862); idem, id., Reise Nov., Lep., vol. ii, p. 342, n. 474, pl. xli, fig. 4, male

(1865) ; id., Marshall and de Nicéville, Butt. Ind. Burmah and Ceylon, vol. i, p. 83,

n. 66 (1882); id., de Nicéville, Journ. A.S.B., vol. Ixviii, pt, 2, p. 178 (1899) ;

E. frauenfeldi, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 458; idem, id., Journ, Linn.

Soc. Lond., Zool., vol. xiv, p. 300, n. 19 (1878).

Hapitat: Ceylon (Felder); Ceylon (Marshall and de Nicéville) ;

Nicobar Isles (de Nicéville) ; Ceylon (Butler) ; Trincomalee (Butler).

1901]. } L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 33

Felder in 1862 described this species from Ceylon from a male col-

lected by the officers of the ‘ Novara” frigate which called at various

ports. I believe that the specimen was incorrectly labelled, and really

came from the Nicobars, where the ‘‘ Novara” called, as no Huplea

answering to the description has since been found in Ceylon. Felder

in 1865 redescribed both sexes of the species, retaining Ceylon as its

habitat, but uniting to it his H. esperi, described from a female example

from Kar Nicobar, though in his second description of H. frauenfeldii

he omitted the Nicobars from the habitat of the species. In his 1866

monograph Dr. Butler noted quite correctly that the species is a local

form of Ff. cramert, Lucas, and that it is very near to H. bremerz, Felder,

as Felder said when describing it. In 1878 Dr. Butler recorded a male

from Trincomalee in Ceylon. Dr. Moore described this specimen in

his Lep. of Ceylon (where he gave LH. esperi as a synonym), and again

in his Lep. Indica, and figured it in the latter work. It is not 7. frauen-

feldii, having been wrongly identified, but is Crastia kinbergi, Wallen-

gren, = FH. lorquinii, Felder, and FE. felderi, Butler. I am convinced

that it never came from Ceylon, but was probably caught at Hongkong,

where it is very common, by an officer of some man-of-war which sub-

sequently visited the naval station of Trincomalee, and the specimen

reached the British Museum from thence. JH. espert is undoubtedly a

synonym of H. frauenfeldiz, as also is Tronga biseriata, Moore.

T. frauenfelditi may be retained as a species or good local race of

T. crameri, Lucas, as all the white spots on the forewing are very small

and nearly uniform in size, while in H. crameri the spots of the submar-

ginal series in the forewing are irregular in size, several of those towards

the apex of the wing being much larger than the others, It is found

in the Nicobar isles only, occurring, on most of the islands. It has a

sexual brand in the male in the forewing in the submedian interspace

in some specimens, which is variable in size and promineuce, and wholly

absent in others. Those bearing this brand are considered by Dr.

Moore to represent a distinct species, which he has called 7. biseriata.

As noted by me in several places in this paper, this brand is very in-

constant in many groups of Hupleas, and cannot be relied on to separate

genera or subgenera by.

5. TRONGA ESPERI, Felder.

y Verh. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. xii, p. 482, n. 109

Euplea esperi, Fel

(1862); id., Butler, Pr¢:. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 453*; id., Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc.

* Omitted altogether by Dr. Butler in his 1878 revision of the butterflies of the

genus Huplea in the collection of the British Museum,

ei 6

34 Li. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

Lond., 1877, pp. 582, 623 ; id., Wood-Mason and de Nicéville, Journ. A.S.B., vol. 1,

pt. 2, p. 227, n. 8 (1881); vol. li, pt. 2, p. 15, n. 7 (1882) ; id., Marshall and de Nicéville,

Butt. India, Burmah and Ceylon, vol. i, p. 83, n. 65 (1882); id., de Nicéville, Journ.

A.S.B., vol. Ixviii, pt. 2, p. 178 (1899); Crastia esperi, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,

1883, p. 278, n.6; idem, id., Lep. Ind., vol. i, p. 88, pl. xxvii, figs. 2, 2a, male; 2b,

female (1890).

Hasitat: Kar Nicobar (Felder); Nicobar Islands (Butler); Kar

Nicobar, Nicobars (Moore); Pulo Kondul, Kamorta, Trinkut, Katschall

(Wood-Mason and de Nicéville) ; Nicobars (Marshall and de Nicéville) ;

Nicobar Isles (de Nicéville); Kar Nicobar, Kamorta (Moore).

This species is, in my opinion, a synonym of F. frauenfeldii, Felder,

to which Felder himself united it, as also did Dr. Moore in 1880.

Felder compared it with the Philippine [sic] Z. cramert, Lucas. For

further notes regarding it see the last species.

6, TRoNGA JOHANNA, Kirby.

Euplea johanna, Kirby, Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep., p. 17, n. 181 (1871); id., Kheil,

Rhop. Nias, p. 17 (1884); id., Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 189

(1898). |

Hapitat: Borneo (Kirby).

Mr. W. F. Kirby renamed the Huplea crameri, Moore, described

in Horstield and Moore’s Cat. Lep. Mus. E.I.C., vol. i, p. 129, n. 256

(1857), from Borneo, as he considered it to represent a species distinct

from the earlier H. crameri of Lucas, from Manilla in the Philippines,

this locality, as previously noted, being in all probability incorrect.

As, however, Dr. Moore says that his EL. crameri is the same species as

that of Lucas, Kirby’s H. johanna falls to it as a synonym.

7. TRONGA BISERIATA, Moore.

T. biseriata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., 1883, p. 266, n. 2; idem, id., Lep.

Ind., vol. i, p. 78, pl. xxi, figs. 1, la, 16, male; le, 1d, female (1890); id

de Nicéville, Journ. A.S.B., vol. Ixviii, pt. 2, p. 178 (1899) ; Tronga crameri biseriata,

Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898),

Hasitat: Trinkut, Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar, Nancoury,

Pulo Kondul—all in the Nicobar Isles (Moore) ; Nicobars (de Nicéville);

Nicobars (F'ruhstorfer),

I have said all that is necessary about this species under T. fried:

feldu, Felder, of which it is a synonym.

8. TRONGA MARSDENI, Moore.

T. marsdeni, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 266, n. 3; idem, id., Lep.

Ind., vol. i, p. 79 (1890); Euplea marsdeni, Distant, Rhop. Malay., p. 411, n. 18,

1901.] L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgentis Tronga. 35

pl. xxxix, fig. 1, male (1886); Tronga crameri marsdeni, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent.

Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898).

Hasrrat: Singapore (Moore); Singapore (Distant); Singapore

(Fruhstorfer).

Mr. Distant allows this species full specific rank, and says he has

received two specimens from Singapore, which both differ from the type

specimen described by Dr. Moore from the same island, which shews

that this ‘‘ species” is as variable as most of the other species in the

subgenus. In my opinion it is a synonym of 1. crameri, Lucas, which

species (as H. bremeri, Felder), has been recorded by several authors

from numerous localities in the Malayan Peninsula. It is highly

improbably that Singapore island, which has hardly a scrap of virgin

forest remaining, has a distinct species of Tronga to itself. Dr. Moore

says that it is “‘ An intermediate form between T. bremeri, Felder, and

T. crameri, Lucas.”

9. TronGa oLivacea, Moore.

T. olivacea, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 267, n. 5; id., Fruhstorfer,

Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 189 (1898).

Hasirar: Minthantoung, Thoungyeen valley, Tenasserim (Moore).

This species was described from a single very small female

specimei, Dr. Moore in Lep. Ind., p. 76, admits that it is a ‘‘ small

var.” of 17’. bremeri, Felder, which itself is a synonym of 7’. cramer,

Lucas.

10. Tronca niasica, Moore.

T.-niasica, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 267, n. 7; idem, id., Lep.

Ind., vol. i, p. 79 (1890); Euplawa niasica, Kheil, Rhop. Nias, p. 17, n. 18, pl. i,

fig. 2, female (1884); Tronga pryeri niasica, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch, vol. xliii,

p. 189 (1898).

Hasirat: Nias Island, W. coast of Sumatra (Moore) ; Nias (Kheil) ;

Nias (Fruhstorfer).

_ T have eight males, but no females, of this species. The markings

are more constant than usual, though they vary considerably in detail,

for instance, the submarginal dots on the hindwing may form a com-

plete series or may be reduced to a solitary spot, and there are

intergrades between these two extremes; the spots on the forewing

vary also in size and number. The species may, perhaps, be kept

distinct, as the spots in the forewing are more uniform in size than in

the other species of the subgenus known to me, except J’. frauenfeldii,

Felder, in which they are constantly smaller.

36 L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,°

ll. TRONGA BROOKEI, Moore.

T. brookei, Moore, Proc. Zool]. Soc, Lond., 1883, p. 268, n. 8; idem, id., Lep. Ind.,

vol. i, p. 79 (1890) ; id., Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898).

Dr. Moore has kindly identified a male specimen of this species

for me from Sarawak, Borneo, Sha marked it “Same as type,’ though

it does not agree with the type, as in the forewing it has no marginal

series of spots, in the type they are said to be present but “ very

minute.’ Mr. Fruhstorfer says that Tronga brooket is identical with

Menama lorze, Moore. This is entirely incorrect, the genus Menama

has a sexual patch of androconia on the upperside of the hindwing not

found in Tronga, brookei is a Tronga, and lorze is a Menama. I consider

T’. brooket to be a synonym of 7, crameri, Lucas. Dr. Moore says it is

“Comparatively smaller and narrower winged than 1. crameri; of a

paler brown colour, and with a violet-blue tint.”

12. Tronga taBuana, Moore.

T. labwana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 268, n. 9; idem, id., Lep.

Ind., vol. i, p. 80 (1890); id., Fruhstorfer, Berl. Eut. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 189

(1898).

Hasirat: Labuan, Borneo (Moore).

Dr. Moore has identified a male specimen of this species for me

from Sarawak, Borneo. Though marked “Same as type” it does not

agree exactly with the description of the type; and it would be extra-

ordinary perhaps if it did, as in these Borneo T'rongas I cannot find two

marked exactly alike. Mr. Fruhstorfer says that this species is a

synonym of T. crameri, Lucas, wherein I agree with him.

13. TRONGA DAATENSIS, Moore.

T. daatensis, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 268, n. 10; idem, id., Lep.

Ind., vol. i, p. 80 (1890); id., Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p, 189

(1898).

Hasrratr: Island of Daat, Labuan, Borneo (Moore).

Dr. Moore, not having access to the type of this species, was

unable to match it with any of the Bornean Trongas I senttohim. As,

however, from the description it only appears to differ from other

Borneo Tyongas in some slight details of maculation I concur with

Mr. Fruhstorfer in considering it to be a synonym of J’. crameri, Lucas.

14, TRONGA PRYERI, Moore.

T. pryerit, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1888, p. 269, n. 11; idem, id., Lep.

Ind., vol. i, p. 80 (1890) ; id., Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitach., vol. xliii, p. 189 (1898) ;

1901.] . L. de Nicéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. 37

Euplea bremeri, var. pryeri, Distant and Pryer, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., fifth

series, vol. xix, p. 47, n. 12 (1887).

Hasrrat: Sandakan, Borneo (Moore); North Borneo (Fruhstorfer) ;

Sandakan, Borneo (Distant and Pryer), .

Dr. Moore has sent me a sketch of the type male of this species,

none of the specimens I sent to him being identical. Its chief

peculiarity appears to be the presence of a complete double series of

rather large spots on the hindwing. Mr. Fruhstorfer takes T. pryeri as

the type of his second division of the genus Tronga, based on this

character, and gives heylertsit, Moore, niasica, Moore, mentawica, Hagen,

and nicevillei, Moore, as subspecies of pryeri, though why he gives

pryert precedence over niasica, the latter being the older species, and

brooke: over lorze for the same reasen, is best known to himself.

Though I sent no typical specimens of 1’. pryert from Borneo to Dr.

Moore, I possess several of both sexes that agree with his description

and sketch of that species, and it is in my opinion another synonym of

T. crameri, Lucas.

15. Tronega HEYLzARTSII, Moore.

T. heylxrtsit, Moore, Lep. Ind., vol. i, p. 79 (1890); E. (Tronga) heylertsii,

de Nicéville and Martin, Journ. A.S.B., vol. lxiv, pt. 2, p. 871, n. 21 (1896); T. pryer:

heylaertsi, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 189 (1898).

Hasitat: Sumatra (Moore); Sumatra (de Nicéville and Martin) ;

Sumatra; Malacca (Hruhstorfer).

From the description alone I can identify this species without diffi-

culty, as itis the commonest form of T'ronga occurring in Sumatra. It

is another synonym of ‘’. crameri, Lucas.

16. TRONGA PAGENSTECHERI, Hagen.

Euplea pagenstecher, Hagen, Jahr. des Nass. Ver. fiir Natur., vol. xlix, p, 182,

n. 18, pl. iv, fig. 8, male (1896) ; Tronga crameri pagenstecheri, Fruhstorfer, Berl.

Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898).

Hasitat: Bawean Island (Hagen); Bawean (Fruhstorfer).

I have not seen this species. Dr. Hagen says that it comes into

Moore’s subgenus Menama, near M. lorze, Moore, [nec Boisduval], while

Fruhstorfer puts it in the subgenus Tronga.

17. Tronea MENTAWiCA, Hagen.

Euplea (Tronga) mentawica, Hagen, Ent. Nach., vol. xxiv, p. 199 (1898) ; Tronga

pryert mentawica, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 189 (1898).

Hasirat: Mentawej Islands (Hagen) ; Mentawej (f'ruhstorfer).

I have not seen this species.

38 L. de N icéville—Butterflies of the subgenus Tronga. [No. 1,

18. Tronca morrist, Hagen.

Euplea (Tronga) morrisi, Hagen, Ent. Nach., vol. xxiv, p. 199 (1898); Tronga

morrist, Fruhstorfer, Berl, Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, p. 188 (1898).:

Hasirat: Mentawej Islands (Hagen) ; Mentawej (Fruhstorfer).

This species also I have not seen. It is highly improbable I think

that two distinct species of T'ronga inhabit one tiny group of islets

lying to the south of the central portion of Sumatra. Should one

prove to be a Tronga and the other a Menama the occurrence of two

closely-allied but subgenerically distinct species would be accounted for.

19. TRONGA TENGGERENSIS, Fruhstorfer.

T. crameri tenggerensis, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol. xliii, pp. 187, 188

(1898),

Hasirat: Tengger mountains, 2,000 feet, East Java (Fruhstorfer).

I have seen no specimen of this species. See remarks on p. 14.

20. TRONGA BISERIATA, Fruhstorfer.

T. crameri, ab, biseriata, Fruhstorfer, Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vol, xliii, pp. 187, 188

(1898).

Hasirat: Hast Java (Fruhstorfer).

Mr, Fruhstorfer describes this as an ‘‘aberration” of JT. cramert,

Lucas, which latter he records from ‘‘ North and South Borneo, Mt.

Mulu,” only, and not from Java at all. Probably he intends it to be

understood that it is an aberration of his ltenggerensis rather than of

cramert. There is already a 'ronga biseriata (see n, 7, p. 34) of

Moore, so as a distinct species it cannot stand in any case. I have not

seen it.

The two following species have been described in the genus

Tronga :—

1. Tronga moore, Butler, vide Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883,

p- 267, n. 6, is a Menama.

2. Tronga nicevillet, Moore, Lep. Ind., vol. i, p. 77, pl. xx (1890),

is an aberrant Crastia in my opinion.

Also Menama mouhotii, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond , 1883, p. 265,

n, 7, pl. xxxi, fig. 6, male, is in my opinion another aberrant Crastia.

ee —_—~

a =

1901. ] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 39

IV —Novicie Indice XVIII. Vhe Asiatic species of Dalbergia.—

| By D. Pratn.

[Received 22nd April, 1901 ; Read June, 1901. |

The writer, at such intervals during the past four years as have

offered themselves in the routine of administrative duties, has given

attention to the species of the genus Dalbergia that occur in S.-E. Asia.

In the course of this study he has received much assistance from many

friends and has been in hopes of incorporating the results of his

investigation in a monograph of at least the Asiatic Species of this

genus, so interesting from an economic and so difficult from a taxonomic

point of view. Circumstances for the moment forbid ‘the accomplish-

ment of this design. But while it is, at this time, impossible to

provide a monograph of the genus which shall be, at least formally,

complete, it is a pleasant duty to place at the disposal of members of

this Society and of those who have so kindly assisted the writer,

a compact review of the notes he has been able to make on collections

that have been lent him for study in Calcutta or that he has been able

to examine in Herbaria that he has visited. These notes, as

embodied in this paper, take the form of a hand-list of the Asiatic

species of the genus, with a fairly complete bibliography and a full

citation of distribution so far as the specimens in the Collections

examined by the writer are concerned. Except in the case of very

well-known and obvious species the numbers of sheets, where numbers

are given, have been quoted. In spite therefore of its formal incom-

pleteness the list now prepared will probably be found useful, not only

by those who may consult the collections on which the list is based,

but by those who may be at work in Herbaria that have not yet been

accessible to the writer. A list hke the present serves, moreover,

another purpose ; it fulfils the desirable object of, in the words of a

Russian proverb, “feeding the wolves and saving the sheep.”

The Herbaria examined by the writer on the spot have been those

of 1. Calcutta; 2. Kew; 3. British Museum; 4, The type Herbarium

of Wallich; 5. the Herbarium of Linneus; 6. M. Drake del Castillo,

Paris; 7. Peradeniya, Ceylon. The collections which have been

entrusted to him for examination at Calcutta are those of 8. Herb.

Saharanpur, lent by Mr. Duthie; 9. Herb. DeCandolle, Geneva, lent

by Mr. DeCandolle, and 10. Herb. Boissier, Geneva, lent by Mr.

Barbey ; 11. Herb. Beccari, Florence, lent by Sig. Beccari ; 12. Herb.

Paris, lent by M. Bureau; 13. Herb. Leiden, lent by the late Prof.

Suringar ; 14. Herb. Berlin, lent by Prof. Engler; 15. Herb. Buitenzorg,

40 D. Prain—The Asiatic species cf Dalbergia. [No. 1,

lent by Dr. Treub; 16. Herb. Hong-Kong, lent by Mr. Ford. To

all these friends and also to Mr. Bailey who -kindly sent Specimens

of the only Dalbergia in the Brisbane Herbarium the writer wishes to

express his grateful thanks.

It may be explained that the classification adopted in this list

should be considered more or less tentative. The chief point, at this

stage, is to arrive if possible at something approaching a definite

, idea of the various species. This, as will be seen from the

quoted synonymy, has long been a desideratum; previous treatises

have left many doubts both as to the limits of species and as to the

incidence of names. That the present sketch is not without flaws in

this respect goes without saying. The opportunities, however, which

have been afforded the writer of examining the actual types of most of

the doubtful forms have enabled him to settle definitely many if not all

the old doubts; any new ones that may arise must be laid to his

charge. The leading features of the present system of classification

are (1) the reinstatement of Mr. Bentham’s very natural subgenus

Triptolemea, and (2) the limitation of the subgenus Selenololium to

those species that have thick corky pods. There is an obvious convenience

in keeping alongside of each other three species so clearly and

naturally allied as are D. reniformis, D. Kunstlert and D. falcata though,

from the fact that the stamens of the first are iso-diadelphous while

those of the second and apparently also the third are monadelphous,

we have within this section a cleavage on another plane, corresponding

exactly to the cleavage between Dalbergaria and Sissoa. The other

species that have been occasionally placed in Selenolobium owing to

their having hard woody pods, not obviously winged, but that

do not have the ventral suture markedly widened in consequence of

a corky thickening of the endocarp, are all species that occur on

sea-shores or in tidal estuaries and are with hardly an exception

confined to such localities. This raises a strong suspicion that the

character is a cousequence of environment; it is at all events a

character that adapts the pods for dispersal by floating. If this suspicion

should prove correct the value of the character as a taxonomic one

is greatly minimised. Such species have therefore been relegated to

those sections in which their characters of corolla and stamens would

naturally lead us to place them. Within the subgenus Sissoa a new

section, that of the Unguiculate, has been tentatively recognised ; it

promises to be a useful and appears to be a natural division.

I. Sr1ssoa Benth.

1. Sissosx vere.

1. Daupereta Sissoo Roxb. Hort. Beng. 538 (1814); DC. Prodr.

1901.] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 41

ii. 416 (1825); Rowb.. Flor, Ind. iii, 223 (1832) ; Wall. Cat. 5850 (1832) ;

W. &§& A. Prodr. i, 264 (1834); Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 55 (1839); Voigt,

Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 241 (1845) ; Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl.

40 (1860); Dalz. § Gibs. Bombay Flora, Suppl. 24 (1861); Bedd. Flor.

Sylvat. t. 25 (1869); Stewart, Panjab Plants 65 (1869); Brandis, For,

Flor. 149 (1874); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. iu, 281 (1876); Talbot,

Bombay List 74 (1894) ; Gamble, Darjeeling List 28 (1896). |

Witp in gravelly river beds along the foot of the Himalaya from

Upper Assam. (Simons! Mann!) the Duars (Prain!) the Terai of

Sikkim (Gamble! Clarke! etc.), and Nepal (Wallich !) to Dehra Dun

(King !): ascending to 1000 feet in the Hastern Himalaya (Hooker /)

and to 3000-4000 feet in the North-West Himalaya (Gamble! Clarke /

Schlich!) and on the North-West frontier and Beluchistan (Stocks !

Lace !). Wild also in Merwara (Moir! Brandis !). Specimens from the

Sitapahar Forest Reserve, Chittagong, (Hllis!) are probably from

planted trees, CuLtivaTep everywhere in the plains of Northern, Central,

Western and Southern India; occasionally as if wild in Coorg (Ho-

henacker n. 785!) and the Nilgiris (Wight /).

2. DatperGia LATIFOLIA Roxb. Coromand. PI. ii. 7, t. 113 (1798) ;

Hort. Beng. 53 (1814); DC, Prodr. ii. 416 (1825); Flor. Ind. ni, 221

(18382); Wall. Cat. 5852. (1832); W. § A. Prodr, i. 264 (1834) ; Grah.

Cat. Bomb. Pl. 55 (1839); Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 240 (1845) ;

Wight, Ic. t. 1156 (1852); Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 38 (1860) ;

Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 77 (1861); Bedd. Flor. Syvlat. t. 24 (ezel.

main fig.) (1869); Brandis For, Flor. 148 (1874) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor.

Brit. Ind. ii. 231 (1876); Talbot, Bombay List 74 (1894); Gamble, Dar-

jeeling List 29 (1896).

Rasputana: Merwara, Brandis! Aboo, King! Nepat: Maries!

Sikkim: Hooker! Gamble! Cuota Naceur: fParasnath, Anderson !

Hooker ! Tundi Hills, Campbell! Hundrugagh, Prain! Palamau, Gamble !

N. Inpia: Jacquemont 731! 1886! Brenan: Hooker! Bunpstounn: .Hdge-

worth. S. Inpia: Madras; Heyne! Nilgiris, Leschenault 246! Wight

930! Gamble! Ayamalais, near Coimbatore, Wight! Mercara, Metz

(Hohenacher 622)! W. Inp1a: Kala Nadi, Ritchie! Concan; Stocks !

Law! Currivaten at Singapore, Ridley 8444! ,

3. DaLBeRGIA EMARGINATA Road. Hort. Beng. 53 (1814); Flor. Ind.

iii, 224 (1832); Vorgt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 241 (1845). D. sissoides

Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5876 (1852); W. § A. Prodr. i, 265 (1834); Benth.

Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 39 (1860) ; Bedd, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 216

(1865). D. javanica Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 132 (1855); Benth. Journ.

Ininn. Soc. iv. Suppl. iv. 38 (1860). D. latifolia Kurz, For. Flor. Brit.

Burm. i, 342 (1877); Koord. § Valet. Bijdr. 11, 77 (1895) nee Toxb.

J. tke © Srna ede

42 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. I,

D. latifolia var. sissoides Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. sub. t. 24 (1869); Bak.

i Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 231 (1876). |

ANDAMANS: probably north Island, Kyd (Ic. Roxb.) ! Java; Horsfield!

Koorders! Heijer! 8. Inpia: Nilgiris, Wight 931! Segur, Clarke 11305!

-Puilneys, near Kodaikanal, Bourne! Courtallam, Wight !

4, DALBERGIA SACERDOTUM Prain. A tree, the young twigs soft,

blackish, faintly puberulous. Leaves 20 cm. long, leaflets 9-11, ovate, base

cuneate apex obtuse notched, membranous, finely reticulated, sparsely

adpressed-puberulous on both surfaces, 6 ecm. long, 3 cm. wide; rachis

15 cm. long and petiolules 4mm. long finely puberulous. Flowers in

terminal thyrsc:d panicles 8 cm. long 6 cm. wide, the peduncle, branches

and slender pedicels rusty-puberulous; bracteoles lanceolate obtuse,

membranous, deciduous. Calyx campanulate, teeth obtuse, the lowest

as long as tube the others shorter. Petals short-clawed, standard

orbicular hardly thickened at base. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Ovary

shortly stipitate, glabrous except the stipe; ovules 4. Pod thinly coria-

ceous, narrow-ligulate, tapering to the stipitate base, apex acute,

glabrous, 3-seeded, 9 cm. long, 1 em. wide.

Curna: Shanghai, Rev. pp. Hélot & d’Argy 75!

The reverend gentlemen who collected the material on which this very distinct

species is based, give its Chinese name as Te-Zii, i.e, “ Aloes-Wood.” Its nearest

ally is D. Sissoo as regards pod and D. emarginata as regards foliage but it is very

different from both.

5, DALBERGIA OBTUSIFOLIA Prain, D. ovata var. obtusifolia Bak.

in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 231 (1876). D. glanea Kurz, For. Flor.

Brit. Burm. 1. 343 (1877), nec Wail.

Burma: Pegu, Kurz 1784! 2607 in part! Pakchoung, Brandis 228!

Shan Hills; Madoe and elsewhere, King’s Collectors ! Lower Chindwin,

Collectors of Forest Dept.! Hukung Valley, Grifith 1809! Curva: Yunnan,

near Momien, J. Anderson !

Griffith notes this as a ‘‘ medium tree.’’

6. DALBERGIA TONKINENSIS Prain. A small or medium-sized tree.

Leaves 20-22 cm. long, leaflets 9-11, ovate, base rounded, apex shortly

abruptly acuminate, firmly subcoriaceous, very sparingly puberulous

when young, soon glabrous, 6-9 cm. long, 3-4 em. wide; rachis 13-15

em. long, and petiolules 4mm. long glabrous; stipnles small, tawny- —

puberulous, deciduous, lowers “ white, fragrant,” in small, corymbose,

axillary panicles 5 cm. long, 3°5 cm. wide. Pods firmly coriaceous,

ovate or oblong, subacute, distinctly stipitate, 5 em. long when 1-seeded,

8 cm. long when 2-seeded, 2 cm. wide, distinctly reticulated opposite

the seed. Seed reniform, compressed, 1 cm. Jong, 5 mm. wide.

Dalbergia sp. Drake del Castillo, Journ, de Bot. v. 215 (1891).

1901.] == _-D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 43

Cocnin-Cuina: Tonkin, Hanoi; Balansa 2184! Curva: Hainan,

B. 0. Henry 46!

_ The absence of flowers, which are simply noted by the Rev. Henry as white and

fragrant, renders it impossible to locate this species definitely. It appears, however,

as if Mr. Drake del Castillo’s suggestion as to its affinity might be correct and that

it is a Sissoa, near D. ovata and D, obtusifolia,

7. Daupercia ovata Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5854 (1832); Benth. in

Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 40 (1860); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. ii. 231 (1876); Kurz, For, Flor. Brit. Burma i. 343 (1877).

D. glauca Wall. Cat. 5862 (1832).

Burma: Martaban, Wallich 5854! Moulmein, Wallich 5862!

Fulconer 566! Parish 840! Beddome! Rangoon, Cleghorn! Yainway,

Brandis 1185! Thoungyne, 3000 ft., Lobb! Pegu, Kurz 1785! 2607 in

part! 2610! 2595! Cocuin-Cuina: route between Saigon and Bienhioa,

Lefévre 320 !

Beddome notes this as a ‘‘ large tree.”

8. DALBERGIA FoLIACEA Wall. Cat. 5856 partly (1832); Benth.

Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 41 (1860); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. ii. 232 (1876) ; Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 3847 (1877).

Burma: Martaban, Wallich ! Palang Creek, Wallich! Pegu, Kurz

2602! Rangoon, Cleghorn 25! Shan Hills, Prazer 210! 233! Abdul Hug !

Tenasserim, Helfer 1806! Stam: borders of the Great Lake, Godefroy

686 !

Wallich’s n. 5865 is much mixed. Letter A. is a mélange of D, foliacea,

D, stipulacea, D. candenatensis and D. volubilis; B. is a mixture, probably by

mistake, of D. rimosa._and D. volubilis ; C. is D. foliacea; D.is D. foliacea; FE. is

D. stipulacea. The mixture of D. rimosa with D. foliacea, which in most collections

has taken place under B, has in Herb. De Candolle been made by Wallich under D.

That it is in all probability a mistake in distributing may be admitted; D. rimosa

does not occur in Southern Burma where D. foliacea grows. The other mistakes are

mistakes of identification on Dr. Wallich’s part.

9. DAaLBERGIA YUNNANENSIS Franch. Pl. Delavay. 187 (1890).

Cuina: Yunnan, near Tapintze, Delavay 654! 510! 2050! Yen-tze-

hay, Delavay 3333! Mengtze, Henry 10205 !

~ 40. Datperora vELUTINA Benth. var. typica Prain, Journ. As. Soc.

Beng, Ixvi. 2.117 (1897). D. velutina Benth. Pl. Jungh. i. 255 (1854) ;

Journ. Iinn. Soc. iv, Suppl. 43 (1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

il. 233 (1876); Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 348 (1877). D. stipulata

Wall. Cat. 5868. (1832). Cassia timorensis H. f. § T. Herb. Ind. Or.,

partly: —~- | 7

Assam: Silhet, de Silva! Hooker & Thomson! Burma: Moulmein,

4d D.’ Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

Wallich ! Amherst, Brandis! Rangoon, Kurz! Pegu, Ku ure! a

Helfer 1804! Mataya: Malacca, Maingay 548 ! ?

. vaR. Maingayi Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1xvi. 2. 117 (1897).

Burma: Mergui, Griffith 1798! Tenasserim, Helfer 1804! Mauaya:

Malacca, Maingay 612! spices fiidley 6086! 5923! Borneo,

Haviland 1444 !

Helfer 1804 in Herb. Berlin is typical D. velutina. In Herb. Paris the same

number. is attached to a specimen of var, Maingayi. The Bornean plant may be

varietally distinct.

1]. DaAtpercia BoRNEENSIS Prain. A long climber with perfectly

glabrous branches. Leaves 8-12 cm. long, leaflets 7-9, oblong, obtuse,

mucronulate, membranous, quite glabrous on both surfaces, 2°5 cm. long,

1:25 cm. wide, the terminal more cuneate at base and slightly larger

than the others ; stipules large, sparingly puberulous or glabrous; rachis

8 cm. long and petiolules 2°5 mm. long glabrous. Flowers in lax lateral

panicles with corymbose branches 6 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, the peduncles,

branches and pedicels glabrous or very sparingly puberulous, bracts

and 2 bracteoles at base of calyx narrowly subulate, pnberulous.

Calyx 4 mm. long, puberulous, campanulate, base slightly gibbous,

teeth acute subequal, upper pair wider than the three lanceolate

lowest. Corolla white, petals with claws as long as calyx-tube,

standard orbicular, emarginate, reflexed. Stamens usually 10, in one

bundle slit along top. Ovary long-stipitate, glabrous, style subulate ;

ovule usually solitary. Pod thinly coriaceous, pale straw-coloured,

finely uniformly reticulated throughout, 1-seeded. Seed markedly

reniform, 1:25 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, 1:2 mm. thick.

Mataya: Borneo, near Kuching, Haviland 2889! Kalong, Haviland

2890 !

12. DaLBEeRGIA brocwils Prain. A large climber, with slender,

blackish, glabrous branches, branchlets occasionally hooked. Leaves

8-12 cm. long, leaflets 11-15, obovate-oblong, base cuneate, apex rounded

retuse, thinly coriaceous, finely closely reticulate, sparsely adpressed-

pubescent beneath, 2°5-3 cm. long, 1-1:25 cm. wide, rachis 7-9 cm.

long and petiolules 2°56 mm. long glabrous or sparsely adpressed-

pubescent. Flowers white, in lax few-flowered axillary panicles 5 cm.

long, 3 cm. wide, rachis, branches and pedicels 3 mm. long puberulous.

Calyx puberulous, campanulate, teeth triangular, obtuse, shorter than

tube except the lowest subacute almost as long as tube. Petals with

claws as long aS calyx-tube. Stamens 9,monadelphous. Ovary stipitate,

glabrous except the puberulous stipe; ovules 2-3. Pod 1-2-seeded,

thinly coriaceous, linear-oblong, 6°5 cra. long when 1-seeded. 9 cm.

1901.) D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 45

long when 2-seeded, 1:5 cm. wide, rere reticulated opposite the

seeds.

Cuina: Hupeh, Henry 3437! 4132! 4138 ! 4561! Szechuen; Ky-

min-se, Farges 1076! Yunnan; Mengtze, Henry 10503 !

Farges gives the Chinese name as “ ''a-kang-kin-ten.”

13. DaLBERGIA cCULTRATA Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5861 (1832) ; Benth.

Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 39 (1860); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

ii. 233 (1876); Kurz, For. Wlor. Brit. Burma i. 342 (1877).

D. zeylanica Wall. Cat. 5847 B (1832), nec Roxburgh.

Borma: Pegu, Kurz 1787! 2609! Wallich! McClelland ! Ravedin!

Shan Hills, Collett 406! King’s Collector ! Prazer ! Tenasserim, Gallatly !

‘Trogla, near the hills, Wallich 5847 B! SIAM: Radboerie, Teysmann

6027 ! |

2. Sussoe unguiculate, Standard with a long claw.

14. Daupercia Havinanpt Prain. A small tree with blackish,

rugose, rusty-puberulous, thickish branvhlets. Leaves 7-10 cm. long,

leaflets 1-3, when three the two lateral subopposed, ovate, obtuse or

subacute, base truncate, firmly coriaceous, pubescent especially on the

nerves above, velvety beneath, 5-8 cm. long, 2°5-4 cm. wide, secondary

nerves 4—5 pairs, much curved forwards distinct beneath ; rachis 1°25-

25 cm. long, densely velvety as are the petiolules 3°5 mm. long.

Flowers in short, clustered racemes 1'25-2'5 cm. long, springing from

tufts of triangular, rusty-velvety bracts in axils of old leaves, lowest

pedicels longest, slender, 5 mm. long, tawny-pubescent as are the

peduncles ; bracts at base of pedicels solitary, ovate-lanceolate, 1°5 mm.

long; persistent, the bracteoles below the calyx solitary, subulate, very

small. Calyx campanulate, tawny-tomentose, 3°5 mm. long, teeth acute,

half as long as tube. Corolla white, claws of petals as long as calyx-

tube. Stamens 9, monadelphous, slit along upper side or occasionally

(fide Haviland) in 2 bundles of 5 and 4 respectively. Ovary densely

pubescent as is its stipe; ovules 2. Pod not seen.

Borneo: Sarawak, near Kuching, Haviland 2894! 2895!

15. Daueercia Hupperru Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 119

(1897).

SINGAPORE; Hullett 626!

16. Daxpereia rostrata Grah, in Wall. Cat. 5867 (1832). D. Sis-

‘800 Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 128 (1855.) nec Roxb. D. pseudo-Sissoo Mig.

Llor, Ind. Bat. i. 128 (1855); Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi. 2. 118

(1897). D. Championii Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeylan. 95 (1860) ; Benth.,

Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 39 (1860); Buk. in Hook f. Flor. Brit.

Ind, 11. 231 (1876); Trimen, Handbook of Ceylon Flora ii. 88 (1894),

46 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

D. nitida Zipp. Mss. in Herb. Lugd.-Bat. Wndospermum zeylanicum

Champ. Mss. in Herb. Peradeniya.

S. Inp1a: Tinnivelly, at foot of Ghauts on banks of the river Tam-

braparni, Beddome 2424! Cryton: moist regions, 2000-4000 ft.,

Thwaites 761! Java: Blume! Zippel! Hasskarl! Borneo: Sarat

Gunong Woh, Beccari 2845! Igau, Beccari 3906! 3908! Sungei Unpan-

ang, Beccari 3379! Singkawang, Teysmann 7875! Kuching, Haviland ©

2111! CeLesus: S.-H. Peninsula, at Lepo-Lepo, near Kandari, Beccari!

Maray Peninsuta: Perak; Larut, Kunstler 3177! 3340! 3579! 4964!

6565! Scortechini 1348! Wray 2098! 2965! Penang; Govt. Hill,

Curtis! Singapore; Bukit Mandai and elsewhere, Hullett ! Ridley !

17. Datperoia Kinctana Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvii. 2. 289

(1898).

Burma: Kachin Hills, Skaik Mokim!

18. DatperGciA Henryana Prain. A large woody climber with Baubes

pubescent young branches. Leaves 12 cm. long, leaflets 4-5, ovate, acute,

base cuneate or rounded, coriaceous, glabrous above, softly densely

pubescent beneath, terminal the largest 7 cm. long, 3°5 cm. wide ;

rachis 6 cm. and petiolules 3:5 mm. rusty-puberulous. Flowers white,

in loose panicles 10 em. long, with rusty-pubescent main-rachis and

branches 3 cm. long; pedicels rusty, 3 mm. long; bracts and bracteoles

small, ovate, rusty-pubescent. Calyw campanulate, densely rusty-pubes-

cent, 4°55 mm. long, teeth subequal triangular. Pelals with claws as

long as calyx. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary pubescent, with long

pubescent stipe ; ovules usually 2. Pod not seen.

Cutna: Yunnan, at Mengtze, Henry 11248!

19. Daxpercia Bentuamt Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvii. 2. 289

(1898). A woody climber, branches black, glabrous. Leaves 12-14 em.

long; leaflets 5-7, ovate or oblong-elliptic, narrowed to the obtuse or

retuse apex, base cuneate or rounded, coriaceous, glabrous above, glauces-

cent and finely adpressed-puberulous beneath, terminal the largest 5

cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide; rachis 8 cm. long and petiolules 4 mm. long

glabrous, . Flowers in short, axillary, rusty-pubescent panicles 3°5 cm.

long, branches 1 cm, long, pedicels 3 mm. long; bracts and_ bracteoles

ovate, deciduous, rusty-pubescent. Calyx campanulate, densely rusty-

tomentose, 4 mm. long, the 3 lower teeth narrow-ovate, rather longer

than the two wider upper. Petals with claws as long as calyx. Stamens

9, monadelphous. Ovary glabrous, stipitate; ovules usually 3. Pod

glabrous, long stipitate, thinly coriaceous, ligulate, 1-2-seeded, 5-7 cm.

long, 2 cm. wide, faintly reticulate opposite the compressed, reniform

seed. D. rubiginosa Benth., Flor. Hongkong. 93 (1861) non Roxb. .

Cuina: Hongkong, Hance 1053! Wilford! Wright 140! Ford!

Seemann ! Bodinier ! Urquhart ! Harland!

1901. | D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 47

20. Daxperaia Garpnertana Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv, Suppl.

42 (1860); Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 444 (1897). D. congesta

Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 232 (1876) partim, nec Benth.

S. Inpia: Nilgiris, Gurdner! Metz (Hohenacker 1591)! Wight

824! G. Thomson! Clarke 11129! Gamble 13176! 14501! Perrottet 469 !

21. Dapercia RuBIGINOSA Roxb. Coromand. Pl. 1. 9,6. 115 (1798) ;

Hort. Beng. 98 (1814); DO. Prodr. ii. 416 (1825); W. & A. Prodr. i,

265 (1834); Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 43 (excl. ref. China)

(1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind, ii. 232 (1876) ; Prain, Journ.

As. Soc. Beng, |xvi. 2. 443 (1897).

W. Inpia: Concan, Stocks! Wight 823! 924! Canara, Talbot 70!

1182! 1867! 3594!

22, Datpereia concesta Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5872 (1832);

W. & A. Prodr, i. 265 (1834) ; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 43

(1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii, 232 (excl. syn. D. Gard-

neriana) (1876). -

S. Inp1a: Coonoor, 6000 ft. Brandis! Gamble 11694! Prain!

- Upper Borma: Chin Hills, Prazer !

23. Daxpercia DENSA Benth., Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 217 (1843) ; Journ.

Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 43 (1860); Flor. Austral. 1. 271 (1864).

Matay ArcuipeLaco: Amboina, Teysmann 5120! Key Islands, Ke-

teil at Tual, Beccart! New Guinea; without locality, Hinds! Island of

Jobie, Barclay! Kaiser Wilhelmsland, Hollrung 84! 174! 477!

AUSTRALIA: Queensland, von Mueller! Bailey! Possession Island,

R. Brown! Prince of Wales Island, R. Brown ! Torres Straits, Moseley !

Albany Island, Hill!

24. DaLBERGIA BURMANICA Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi, 2.

448 (1897).

Burma: Ruby Mines District, King’s Collectors! Chin Hills, C. R.

Dun 50!

25. Darperera Janerit Buerck Mss. in Herb. Bogor. A large

shrubby climber with glabrous branches. Leaves 5-8 cm. long; leaflets

15-23, ovate-oblong, base faintly obliquely cuneate, apex rounded

slightly emarginate, chartaceous, green above slightly glaucescent

beneath, finely sparsely adpressed-pubescent on both surfaces, 3 em.

long, 1:25 cm. wide, rachis 8-10 em. long, and petiolules 4 mm. long

glabrous. Flowers in congested axillary panicles 3 cm. long, 2 cm. wide,

rachis and branches puberulous, pedicels 3mm. long, puberulous ; bracts

and 2 bracteoles under the calyx ovate, puberulous. Calyx campanu-

late, glabrescent, 4 mm. long, teeth short, triangular, obtuse. - Corolla

white, 8 mm. long, claws of petals as long as calyx-tube, standard

ovate, reflexed. Stamens 10, monadelphous, sheath slit along upper side.

48 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [ No. 1,

Ovary glabrous, long-stalked, style subulate; ovules 2. Pod narrow-

oblong, ie firmly coriaceous, with rounded apiculate tip, Cishpehly

stipitate, usually 2-seeded, 5-6 cm. long, 1:25 cm. wide. |

Mataya: Key Islands, Warburg 20312! Key Toewal, Jaher ! dale

cult. in Hort. Bogor, introduced from Key Toewal !

Most nearly related to D. polyphylla and D. tamarindifolia but very diatinct

from both.

26. DaLBERGIA POLYPHYLLA Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv, Suppl. 44

ealcuding the Bornean plant (1860). D. polyphylla Benth. Pl. Jungh. i

256, in part ; the Philippine plant only (1854).

_ Privippines: Luzon, Cuming 1164! Vidal 2589 !

Specimens of this in Herb. Berol, and Herb. De Candulle have been kindly

lent for study; the writer has also seen those at Kew and the British Museum.

The species is a very distinct one, nearest to D, tamarindifolia, The two plants

referred to the same species at different times by Mr, Bentham are both Triptolemez,

one is D. Millettii Benth., a Chinese species, the other is D. PhS BL, a

Malayan one.

Vidal gives the vernacular name as “ Pasa?

27. Dapercia acacizFoLIA Dalz. in Kew Journ. ii, 37 (1850).

D. tamarindifolia var. acacizfolia Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii.

235 (1876).

Western Inpta: Concan, Law! N. Canara, Talbot 3588! Tinni-

velly Hills, Nazdoo! fe

A very distinct species, differing from D. tamarindifolia, to which it is most

closely allied, in its foliage, the leaflets being glaucous beneath; and in’ its larger,

firmly coriaceous pod.

28. DaLBerGiA MALABARICA Prain.: A shrubby climber with

densely rusty-pubescent young branches. Leaves 9-10 cm. long; leaflets

21-31, thinly pubescent above, densely tomentose heineSith ented

elliptic-oblong, hardly or not obliqne at the base, 1:25 cm. long, 6-7 mm.

wide, moderately firm ; rachis 8-9 em. long densely pubescent, petiolules

very short and lanceolate stipules densely rusty-pubescent. Flowers

with the leaves, in congested, sessile, axillary corymbs 1°5 cm. long, 6

mm. wide; peduncles densely pubescent, pedicels glabrous; - bracts

triangular-ovate, persistent, and bracteoles 2 below calyx lanceolate,

persistent, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, glabrous except on the

margins of the teeth, 4 mm, long, teeth nearly as long as tube, the two

upper connate obtuse, the others lanceolate acute. Corolla white, 8 mm,

long, claws of petals as long as calyx-tube, standard ovate, entire,

reflexed. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary glabrous except along the

upper suture, stipe distinct pubescent; style filiform; ovules 2. Pod:

ovate- oblong, very thinly coriaceous, glabrous, long stipitate, 8 em.)

1901. ] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 49

long, 1°5 cm, wide, distinctly reticulately veined especially opposite the

seed. D. tamarindifolia var. pubescens Bak. in Hook. f, Flor Brit.

Ind, ii. 235 (1876).

Western Inpra: Concan, Stocks ! Canara, Talbot 408 ! 3665! Quilon,

Wight! S. Tinnivelly, Beddome !

Though placed with D, tamarindifolia by Mr. Baker this is very distinct by its

leaflets, which are hardly if at all oblique at the base, and by its different pods.

29. DALBERGIA TAMARINDIFOLIA Rowb. ort. Beng. 53 (1814) ; Flor.

Ind. iii. 233 (in part) (1832) ; Wall. Cat. 5870 (1832) ; Wight Icon, t.

242 (excl. fruit) (1840) ; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Caleutt. 241 (1845); Mig.

Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 131 (1855); Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 44

(1860); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 234 (1876) ; Kurz, For. Flor.

Brit. Burma i. 348 (1877); Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi. 2. 117

(1897). D. rufa Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5364 (1832). D. multijuga Grah.

in Wall. Cat. 5865 (1832); Zoll. et Mor. Verzeichn. 2 (1845).

D. Blumei Hassk. Cat. Hort. Bogor. 284 (1844) ; Pl. Jav. Rar. 400 (1848),

Himarara: Nepal, Wallich! Sikkim, Hooker! Lister! Assam:

Brahmaputra Valley, Watt! Simons! Peal! Jenkins! Mann! Clarke !

Silhet, Gomez! Cuirracona: Kodala, King’s Collector! Burma: Tenas-

serim, Wallich! Griffith! Helfer! Falconer! Anpamans: S. Andaman,

common; Barren Island, Prawn! Cuina: Yunnan, Taping Valley,

J. Anderson! Manaya: Langkawi, Curtis! Perak, Scortechini! Wray !

Kunstler! Penang, Wallich! Malacca, Maingay! Derry! Sumatra,

Korthals! Forbes! Java, Horsfield ! Ploem! Zollinger ! Borneo, Korthals !

Motley 262! Creagh ! Haviland ! Puitippines: Luzon, Vidal 250!

The native name given for this by Hasskarl is Aroy Tjetjereha or “climbing

Tamarind.” In Hort. Bogor at present this name connotes D. phyllanthoides Bl.,

which is in cultivation there under the name D. littoralis Hassk.

3. Sissoxe unguiculate Pseudoselenolobiex.

30. DALBERGIA CANDENATENSIS Prain. Cassia candenatensis Dennst.

Schl. zum Hort. Malabar. 12 (1818). Dalbergia torta Grah. in Wall.

Cat. 5873 (1832); Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 120 (1897).

D. monosperma Dalz. Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 36 (1850); Mig. Flor. Ind.

Bat. i. 182 (1855); Benth. Journ. Linn Soc. iv. Suppl. 48 (1860); Dalz.

& Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 78 (1861); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 337

(1876); Talbot, Bombay List 75 (1894). Drepanocarpus monospermus

Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 337 (1877).—Karin Tagera Rheede, Hort.

Malabar. vi. 25.

W. Inpra: Concan, Stocks! Law! Malabar, Rheede (Ic.)! Quilon,

Wight 820! Cryton: Pandure, ‘Trincomali and Kodiyar, Thwaites !

Trimen! Buncau: Sundribuns, Clarke 33423! Heinig! ANDAMANS:

J. 1. 7,

50 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

Narcondam, Prain ! S. Andaman, very common, King’s Collectors ! BurMa :

Amherst, Falconer! Kalian river, Martaban, Wallich! Mergui, Griffith

1799! Cocuin-Cuina : between Saigon and Cholen, Lefévre 132! Annam,

Haton, Godefroy 753! Tonkin, Balansa 1202! Mataya; Langkawi, Curtis

2868! Penang, Wallich 5873! Curtis 220! Perak, coast, Scortechini 1099 !

Wray 2502! Malacca, atTanjong Kling, Ridley 3312! Singapore, Wallich !

Kurz! 1. Anderson ! Kunstler 66! Ridley 5576! Wichura 656! Sumatra ;

Indrapura, Korthals! Miller 1778! Biliton, at Blimbong, 'eysmann !

Borneo; Sarawak, Matong, Beccart 2526! Igau, Beccari 3905! Bintulu,

Haviland 2892! Celebes; S.-H. Peninsula, Lepo-Lepo near Kandari,

Beccari ! Moluccas; Amboina, Forster! Ceram Laut, Forster ! Warburg

20311! New Guinea; Forbes! Puitippines: Luzon, Batangos, Cuming

1542! Vidal 2605! Manila, Cuming 1541! Cuina: Little Hongkong,

Ford! Hongkong, Hance! Potynesta: Fiji, Seemann 128! Tonga Isds.

at Vavau, Crootz 39! N. Caledonia, Pancher 44! Deplanche 336! Veillard

2927! Avustratia: Cape York, Damel! Rockingham Bay, Dallachy !

Port Darwin, Schultz 744!

Miquel reports the species also from Bangka; it is curious that it has never

apparently been collected in the Sunda Archipelago or in Java. The only specimens

from Java that I have seen are from plants cultivated in the Buitenzorg Garden

Hort. Bogor. nn. 854! 2692!

Godefrey gives the Annamese name as ‘‘ Cayme miik” and the Cambodian as

‘ Bai tuk.”

31. DaALBERGIA MENOEIDES Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng.. lxvi. 2,

120 (1897) and 453 (1897).

Mataya: Perak, Scortechini 1392 !

II. Datserearia Benth.

4. Dalbergarieex.

32. DaLBERGIA GLOMERIFLORA Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2.

70 (1873); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 236 (1876); Kurz,

For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 345 (1877).

Burma: Prome, Kurz 2611!

33. DALBERGIA CANA Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5859 (1832); Kurz in

Journ. As. Soc. Beny. xlii. 2.70 (1873) Bak. in Hook. f. Flor Brit. Ind.

ii. 237 (1876) ; Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma i, 344 (1877); Prain,

Journ. As. Soc. Beng.. Ixvi. 2. 450 (1897). D. purpurea Wail. Cat.

5869 (1832); Benth. in Journ, Linn, Soc. iv, Suppl. 46 partly (1860) ;

Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 235 partly (1876).

Burma: ‘Tenasserim, Wallich 5859! 5869! Pegu, Brandis! Kurz

1779! 2601

34, Daupercia Kurzit Prain, Jowrn. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2, 450

(1897), D. purpurea Kurz, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. 279 each. cit.

1901.] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 51

Wall. Cat, 5869 (1875); For. Flor. Brit. Burmai. 344 (1877) ; not of

Wall.

Burma: Pegu, McClelland 8! Brandis 1170! Kurz 1780! 1783!

2603 ! 2603! Kalay Hills, Prazer! Shan Hills, Alpin ! Ruby Mines Dist.,

King’s Collector !

35. DALBERGIA PANICULATA Rozb. Cor. Pl. ii. 8, t. 114 (1798) ; ; Hort.

Beng. 53 (1814); DC. Prodr. ii. 417 (1825); Spreng. Syst. iii. 198

(1826) ; Roxb. Flor. Ind. iii. 227 (1832) ; Wall. Cat. 5848 partly (1832) ;

W. § A. Prodr. i. 265 (1834); Grah., Cat. Bomb. Pl. 55 (1839); Benth.,

Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 45 (1860) ; Dulz. § Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 78

(1861); Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. 88 (1869) ; Brandis, For. Flor. 151 (1874) ;

Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 236 (1876); Ualbot, Bombay List 75

(1894); Prain, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 449 (1897). D. nigrescens

Kurz, Pegu Rep. App. A 48 (1875); For. Flor, Brit. Burma i. 346 (1877).

S. Inpia: Circars, Roxburgh ! Mysore, Heyne! G. Thomson! Columala,

Wight! Cuddapah, Naidoo! Gamble 10867! Travancore, Lawson !

W, Inpia: Concan, Gibson ! Stocks ! Canara, Talbot! Burma: Pegu, Hyre !

— Kurz 2618! Upper Burma, Griffith 1810! King’s Collectors ! J. Anderson !

Shan Hills, King’s Collectors !

36. Datpereta sericea G. Don, Gen. Syst. 11. 375 (1832). D. robusta

Wall. Cat. 5849 A (1832); not of Roxb. D. hircina Wall. Cat. 5871 B

(1832) ; Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 46 (1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f.

Flor, Brit. Ind. ii, 236 (1876) ; Gamble, Darjeeling List 29 (1896) ; Prain,

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi, 2. 449 (1897); not of Ham. D. stenocarpa

Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xliv. 2, 205 (1875); Buk. in Hook, f. Flor.

Brit. Ind. ii. 238 (1876). D. emarginata Royle Mss. in Herb. Kew;

not of Roxb. D, assamica Benth. Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 45 in part

(as to the Subsewalik locality only) (1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind, ii. 235 partly (1876).

Himataya: Garhwal, King ! Duthie } | Kamaon, Strachey § Winter-

bottom 3! T. Thomson! Wallich! Royle! King! Duthie! MacKinnon !

Nepal, Wailich! Hamilton! Sikkim, Gamble! Lister! Gammie! Clarke!

Prain! Bootan, Grifith 1812! Gamble! Alipur Duars, Heawood !

Two names were indirectly made available for this very distinct species by Dr.

Wallich. These are D. robusta Wall., given by that botanist under the mistaken

belief that this was the same as Roxburgh’s D. robusta which is a Derris, and

_D. hireina used under the mistaken impression that this is what Hamilton intended

by D. hircina, Though aware that this also was a mistake, Mr. Bentham has

chosen the latter as the preferable name. Fortunately, though this was not known

to Mr. Bentham, there is another name, D. sericea G. Don, which dates from the same

year and has the advantage of being accompanied by a Eevanipeents it therefore

supersedes both the others.

Mr. Baker has apparently seen an example of Wall. Cat. 6849 A which ise

02 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. J,

D. lanceolaria Linn. f.; the writer has not seen one. In any case Wall. Cat. 5 A

at the Linnean Society’s rooms (Wallich’s type Herbarium) is D. sericea.

Dalbergia hircina Ham., as written up by Hamilton himself (in Herb. Brit.

Museum), on two specimens collected at Darhora 12th Apl., 181], and at Sukhyia

23rd Aug., 1809, is D. lanceolaria. The type of D. sericea G. Don, as shown by a

specimen from Herb. Lambert named by G. Don himself, and now in the British

Museum collection, was also collected by Hamilton. On this Hamilton has noted

“Dalbergia? A tree; Cheria ghaut Hills 31-3-1802.” It is this that has, in Wall.

Cat. 5871 B, been erroneously written up by Wallich as D. hircina.

37. DALBERGIA LANCEOLARIA Linn. f. Suppl. 316 (1781) ; DC. Prodr.

i, 417 (1825); Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 45 (1860); Dalz. &

Gibs., Bomb. Flor. 78 (1861); Brandis, For. Flor. 151 (1874) ; Bak. in

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 235 (1876) ; Talbot, Bombay List 74 (1894).

D. frondosa Rowb. Hort. Beng. 53 (1814); DC. Prodr. ii. 417 (1825) ;

Roxb. Flor, Ind. ii. 226 (1882); Wall. Cat. 5855 (1832); W. & A.

Prodr. i. 266 mainly (1834); Grah., Pl. Bombay 55 (1839) ; Wight Icones

t. 266 (1840) ; Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 241 (1845); Bedd., Flor.

Sylvat. t. 88 (1869). D. zeylanica Rowb. Hort. Beng. 53 (1814); Flor.

Ind. iii. 228 (1832); Wall. Cat. 5847 A (1832); Vozgt, Hort. Suburb.

Calcutt. 241 (1845). D. arborea Heyne in Roth. Nov. Sp. 330 (1821) ;

DC. Prodr. ii. 417 (1825), D. hircina Ham. in Wall. Cat. 5871 A (1832).

N. Inp1a: Hardwar, Hamilton! King! T. Thomson! Darhora,

Hamilton ! Sukhiya, Hamilton! Rajputana, Abu, King ! Ajmir, Jacque-

mont! Moir! Brandis! C. India; Jerdon! Chota jNagpur, Gamble !

Haines! Campbell! Clarke! Wood! “Prain! Behar, Hooker! Kurz!

W. Inpia: Concan, Stocks! Law! Canara, Talbot! Belgaum, Ritchie !

S. Inpra: Madras, Heyne! Roxburgh! Mysore, G. Thomson! Vellore,

Gamble! Kurnool, Gamble ! Tellicherry, Metz (Hohenacker 723)! Wight

927! Cottulam, Leschenault 191! Shevarois, Perrottet ! Ceyton: Thwaites

1496! Cuntrvatep at Bourbon, Richard !

Letter A of Wallich’s Dalbergia robusta, reduced to this by Mr. Baker, is

D. sericea G. Don (=D. hircina Benth. and Bak. not of Ham.). Wight and Arnott

have mainly D, lanceolaria under D. frondosa, but one of their quoted sheets,

Wight n. 928, is D. paniculata. Leschenault in Herb. Paris gives the native name

of this as “ Toda cotty morum.”

38. Datpereia assamica Benth, Pl. Junghuhn. i. 255 (1854) ; Journ.

Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 45 partly, the Assam locality only (1860); Bak. in

Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 235 partly, the Assam locality only (1876) ;

Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1xvi. 2. 449 (1897). D. lanceolaria Gamble,

Darjeeling List 29 (1896) not of Linn. f.

Sikkim: Narchu Valley Prawn! Prain’s Collector! Assam: Brahma-

putra Valley, Grifith K.D. 1803! Hooker § Thomson! Masters ! Peal!

Watt ! Jenkins 54! -

1901.] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 53

This is a fine tree, known in Assam as ‘“ Medeloa.” The Subsiwalik specimens

collected by Edgeworth and included in this species by Bentham prove, on examina-

tion, to belong to D. sericea G. Don. (=D, robusta Wall. not Roxb. =D, hircina Benth.

not Ham.).

39. DaLBEeRGIA HUPEANA Hance, Journ. Bot. xx. 5 (1882); Forbes

§ Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 198 (1887).

Cuina: Ichang ; Walters! Henry 3670! 4558! 3112! 4932! Ningpo ;

Oldham! Cooper! Faber! Kwangtung; Sampson! Ford! Carles 556!

Nant’o, Carles 287! E. Szechuen; Farges 1213! Yang-tze-kiang,

Faber !

This Farges terms ‘‘ Tan-mou-chou,” the wood being “ Tchan-Keou.” Cooper

says “ Paitan” is the local, “white Chandan” the classical name. Henry, on

n. 3670 at Kew, calls it the Tan tree.

40. Datsereta Wart Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 17, t. 5 (1889) ;

Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. 2. 451 (1897).

Manirur: Metaiphum, 5000 ft, Watt 6830! Mayung, 3500 ft,

Clarke 42034!

41. Danpercia OLiveRt Gamble ex Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng,

Ixvi. 2. 451 (1897). D. paniculata Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. i. 345

(1877) not of Roxb. D. purpurea Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

ii. 235 partly and as to Pegu specimens only (1876); Prain, Journ. As.

Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 449 (1897).

Burma: Pegu, Kurz1781! 2604! Wuntho and Bhamo, J. W. Oliver !

Collectors of Forest Dept. !

The recent receipt of fruiting specimens and oldish leaves of “ Tamalan” (D.

Oliveri Gamble) shows that this tree is the same as the “ Tabou-ben” of Kurz’s

Flora (D. paniculata Kurz, not of Roxb.) and further settles finally a very troublesome

question that had arisen regarding the incidence of the name D. purpurea.

In the Linnean Society’s Herbarium (Wallich’s type herbarium) and in all the

other herbaria seen by me D. purpurea Wall. is = D. cana Grah., except at Kew

- where there is mixed with D. cana some D. volubilis. Bentham’s D. purpurea, which

is based on that material, is thus a mixture of D. cana and D. volubilis, while to

these species Mr. Baker, in the F.B.I, has added a third in the shape of D. paniculata

Kurz, non Roxb. Thewriter’s D. purpurea, in this Journal (Ixvi. 2. 449) rejected

both D. purpurea Wall. and D. volubilis, and is restricted to Kurz’s plant, for which in

any case therefore a new name would have had to be provided had this not already

fortunately been done by Mr. Gamble.

42. Datperaia Prazert Prawn, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 452

(1897),

Burma: Shan Hills at Koni, Prazer! Stam: Teysmann 52!

Very closely related to D. Oliveri, “ Tamalan” or ‘‘ Tabon-ben ” and to D., stipu-

lacea ** Donk-ta-loung-nway,’” having the pods of the former but in foliage more

resembling the latter.

D4 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

43. Daupercta Hemsteyi Prain, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xvi. 2. 450

(1897).

Burma: Shan Hills, Collett ! Prazer ! King’s Collector!

44, DatperctA Batans&# Prain. A tree 20-30 feet high. Leaves

13-18 cm. long, leaflets 13-15, ovate-oblong, obtuse or retuse, persistently

puberulous beneath, chartaceous, finely reticulately veined, 3-4 cm.

long, 2 cm. wide, rachis 10-15 cm. and petiolules 4 mm. long puberu-

lous; stipules lanceolate. flowers in lax axillary panicles 8-10 cm.

long, 5 cm. wide, with glabrescent peduncles and slender puberulous

pedicels, bracts ovate-lanceolate and 2 lanceolate obtuse bracteoles

under the calyx very caducous. Calyx campanulate, the upper teeth

subconnate obtuse and lateral subacute half as long as tube, lowest

lanceolate as long as tube. Corolla white, standard orbicular 2-callose

at base. Stamens in 2 phalanges of 5 each. Ovary densely pubescent ;

ovules usually 3. Pod long-stipitate, tapering to both ends, usually

1-, rarely 2-3-seeded, coriaceous, reticulated opposite the seed, 8-12 cm.

long, 3°5 cm. wide. Seeds subreniform, compressed. D. lanceolaria

Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 193 (1887) ; Drake del Castillo, Journ, de

Bot. v. 214 (1891) not of Linn. f.

Cuina: Kwangtung, Sampson ! Ford ! Kiu-Kiang, Shearer ! Millett !

Tonkin: Mt. Bavi, Balansa 2289 !

45. DALBERGIA VOLUBILIS Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 48, t. 191 (1798) ; Hort.

Beng. 98 (1814); DC. Prodr. u. 417 (1825); Spreng. Syst. iii. 193

(1826) ; Rowb. Flor. Ind. iii. 231 (1832); Wall. Cat. 5874 (1832) ;

W. & A. Prodr. i. 265 (1834) ; Grah., Cat. Bomb. Pl. 55 (1889) ; Benth.

Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 46 (1860); Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 78

(1861) ; Brandis, For. Flor. 152 (1874); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. i, 235 (1876) ; Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burm. 1. 346 (1877) ; Talbot,

Bombay List 75 (1894) ; Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 114 (1897).

D. confertiflora Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 41 partly, both the

Oudh and the Concan plants (1860) not of Benth. in Pl. Junghuhn. ; Bak.

in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 233 partly (1876) ; Talbot, Bombay List 75

(1894). D. foliacea Wall. Cat. 5856 partly (1832). D. purpurea

Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 46 partly (1860); Bak. in Flor.

Brit. Ind. ii. 235 partly (1876) not of Wullich. D. stipulacea Gamble,

Darjeeling List 29 partly (1896) not of Roxb. |

N. Inpra: Oudh, Wallich! Duthie! W. Duars, Gamble 6683!

Terai, Anderson! Clarke! Kamaon Bhabar, 1000 ft., Strachey and

Winterbottom 2! Behar, Kurz! Campbell! Ball! Chota Nagpur,

1. Anderson! Thomson ! Wood! Clarke! C.Inp1a: Sagor, Jerdon ! C. Pro-

vinces, Duthie! W. Inpia: N. Canara, Yalbot! Concan, Stocks!

Malabar, Stocks! S. Canara, Metz (Hohenacker 561)! 8, Ivpia : Circars,

1901. ] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 55

Roaburgh ! Bolimpati, Wight ! Travancore, Lawson ! Kurnool, Gamble !

Ganjam, Gamble! Assam : Goalpara, Clarke ! Garo Hills, Watt ! Currra-

gone: Thanacheri, etc, Hooker § Thomson! Gamble! Lister! King’s

Collector! Burma: Chin Hills, Prazer ! King’s Collector! Kachin Hills,

Prain’s Collector ! Bhamo, J. Anderson! Shway Yoe, J. Anderson! Pegu,

Brandis! Kurz! Shan Hills, Collett! Prazer ! King’s Collectors ! Tenas-

serim, Wallich 5856 B! Cleghorn! Gallatly! Helfer 1805! Anpamans :

S. Andaman, very common, King’s Collectors !

46. DALBERGIA FERRUGINEA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 98 (1814) ; Flor. Ind.

iii, 223 (1832) ; Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 183 (1855). D. luzonensis

Vog. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xix. Suppl. i. 33 (1843); Benth, Journ. Linn.

Soc. iv. Suppl. 48 (1860). D. penduliflora Blume ex Mig. loc. cit. (1855).

D. stipulacea Benth. loc, cit., partly (1860) not of Rob.

Manaya: Brit. N. Borneo, Bangi island at Pankalan, Fraser 274 !

Moluccas, at Tidore, Christian Smith! Teysmann 5186! Buru, Buitenzorg

Collectors! Ceram, Teysmann 5043! Foerster! Ceram Laut, Warburg

20309! New Guinea; Dutch N.G. at Sigar, near the coast, Warburg

20813! Andai, Beccari 554! 693! Patuierines: Manilla, Meyen! Sawar,

F. Jagor 945! Luzon, Vidal 2598! Panay, Vidal 2606!

47. DALBERGIA STIPULACEA Rowb., Hort. Beng. 53 (1814); Flor. Ind.

iii. 233 (1832); Wight, Icones t. 453 (1840); Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.

241 (1845); Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 183 (1855) ; Benth., Journ. Linn.

Soc. iv. Suppl. 47 (1860); Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 237

excluding the syns. D. ferruginea and I). rostrata (1876); Kurz, For.

Fler. Brit. Burm. i. 346 (1877); Gamble, Darjeeling List 29 (1896) ;

Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2. 451 (1897). D. tingens Ham. in

Wall. Cat. 5860 (1832). D. cassioides Wall. Cut. 5863 (1832). -D. livida

Grah. in Wall. Gat. 5866 (1832).

Eastern Himanaya: Sikkim, lower Hills and Terai, Hooker ! Kurz!

Anderson! Clarke! Gamble! King! Prain! Bootan and Duars, Gamble !

Lister! Haines! Assam: Bralhmaputra Valley, Hamilton! Jenkins!

Simons! Clarke! Mann! Fisher! Peal! Naga Hills, King’s Collector !

Watt ! Prazer! Prain’s Collector! Garo Hills, Clarke! Khasia Hills;

Hooker §& Thomson! Clarke! Manipur, Watt! Silhet, deSilva! Clarke !

Cuitracona: Kodala, King’s Collector! Borma: Kachin Hills, Prain’s

Collector! Hukung, Girifith! Chin Hills, Prazer ! Kalay Hills, Prazer !

Shan Hills, King’s Collector ! Pegu, McClelland ! Kurz! Brandis ! Tenas-

serim, Wallich ! Gomez! Brandis! Helfer ! Gallatly ! Cleghorn ! Falconer !

This species does not, as Mr. Baker supposes, extend to Malaya. The reason for

the belief was the tentative reduction to this species by Mr. Bentham of the very

different D. ferruginea Roxb., which was based on Moluccan specimens. OD. rostrata

Grah., also reduced here, is the very different species described by Thwaites as

56 D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [ No. ;

D. Championii and previously described by Miquel as D. pseudo-8issoo and also as

D. Sissoo.

I1I. Triproremea Benth.

o. Triptolemesx vere.

48. DALBERGIA CONFERTIFLORA Benth., Pl. Junghuhn. 1. 255 (1854) ;

Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 41 (1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind.

ii. 233 (1876); Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \xvi. 2. 114 (1897).

D. paniculata Wall. Cat. 5848 partly (1832) ; letters E.G.I. D. rubig-

inosa Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 347 (1877) not of Roab.

Bastern Himantaya: Daphla Hills, Lester! Assam: Khasia Hills,

Simons! Silhet, Wallich! Cuirracona: at Kasalong, Lister! Clarke

19744! Thandacheri, King’s Collector! Burma: Pegu, Kurz! AnDAMANS:

S. Andaman, very common, 1. H. Man! King’s Collectors !

The Western India locality cited for this species by Bentham and Baker is

erroneous ; all the specimens from the Concan so named by them are D, volubilis,

A9. Daupereia Cottetti Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.

445 (1897). 7

Burma: Shan Hills, Collett 591! 7238 !

The writer has erroneously described this as a tree ; it isa large climber.

50. Danpercia mimosoipes Franch. Pl. Delavayane 187 (1890).

D. Milletti Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 446 (1897) hardly of

Benth. D. tamarindifolia Roxb. Flor. Ind, iii. 228 im part (1832) ;

Wight, Icon. t. 242 as to fruit only (1840).

Kuasita Hills; at 1-2000 ft. elev., Mann! Shampung, 4000 feet,

Collett ! Sohra, 4500 feet, Gallatly ! Clarke 18845! Maoksandram,

4000 feet, Clarke 42875! Cuina: Yunnan, in woods above Tapintze,

Delavay 1982! Szechuen, near Tatchieulu, 9000 feet, Pratt 275.

This is very near D. Milletti from Hongkong and was in 1897 referred to that

species by the writer. An opportunity, most obliging furnished by MM. Burean

and Franchet, of examining the type of M. Franchet’s D. mimosoides shows that the

Khasia plant is exactly the same as the Yunnan and Szechuen one and that the

latter is probably best treated as specifically distinct from D. Milletti.

It may be mentioned in passing that Dalbergia Delavayi Franch., also kindly

lent for study, does not belong to this genus but is a Cladrastis, C. Delavayi, hardly

different from C. sinensis Hemsl.

51. DALBERGIA STENOPHYLLA Prain. A climber with lenticelled

glabrous branches. Leaves 6-8 cm. long; leaflets 30-35, small, linear-

oblong, obtuse, glabrous above, finely sparingly adpressed-puberulous

beneath, rather close-set, 1 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, rachis 55-7 cm. long

and very short petiolules glabrous. Flowers small, secund, in axillary

panicled cymes 3-5 cm. long, 1°5-4.cm. wide, peduncle, branches and

short pedicels finely puberulous, bracts and 2 bracteoles at base of calyx

1901. ] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 57

embracing lower third of tube ovate, persistent, small. Calyx 2°5 mm.

long, campanulate, teeth short, obtuse, one-third as long as tube except

the lower acute two-thirds the length of tube. Corolla white, 5 mm.

long, claws of petals short. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary stipitate,

glabrous ; ovules 3. Pod thinly coriaceous, narrowly oblong or ligulate,

rarely ovate-acute; 2- or l-seeded, 2-3cm. long if one-seeded, 5 cm.

long if 2-seeded; 1 cm. wide; rather distinctly reticulated throughout,

not indurated opposite the seed.

Cuina: Hupeh, Henry 1355! 1950! 3852! 41385! 6188! Szechuen,

Ky-min-se near Tchan-Keou, Farges 1075!

M. Farges gives the Chinese name of this as Kang-kin-ten. It is very nearly

related to both D. Milletti and D. mimosoides but has narrower leaflets and much

narrower pods than either.

52. DarserciA Mincertit Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 34

(1860) ; Flor. Hongkong 92 (1861). DV. polyphylla Benth., Pl. Jungh. i.

256 in part (1854); Seem. Bot. Her. 375 (1855). Derris pinnata Lowr.

_ Flor. Cochin-Chin. 432 (1793) possibly.

Cuina: Hongkong, Hance 1809! Wilford! Ford! Chamyrion !

Hupeh, Henry 3095! 6286! Yunnan, at Mengtze, 5000 feet, Henry 9975 !

53. DanBercia Hance Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 54

(1860); Flor. Hongkong 93 (1861).

Cuina: Hongkong, Hance 1810! Ford! Wilford! Weiss! Macao;

Calléry in Herb. Gaudichaud, voy. Bonité! Near Canton, Park 35!

54. Dansercta THomsont Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 33

(1860) ; Bak. in Hook f. Flor. Brit. Ind. 11, 236 (1876).

Assam: Patkoye Mts., Griffith 1799/1 K.D.! Khasia, Hooker &

Thomson ! Clarke !

This species is not a Dalbergaria, but a Triptolemea.

55. Dapereia ScorrecHintt Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2.

444 (1897), A shrubby climber 15-30 feet long with twining glabrous

brauches here and there twisted and thickened into spiral hooks.

Leaves 15-20 cm. long, leaflets 11-15, elliptic, closely puberulous beneath,

glabrous except midrib above, 15-4 cm. (rarely in young shoots 6 cm.)

long, 1-2 (rarely 2°5) cm. wide, rachis 8-10 cm. long and petiolules

4mm. long densely puberulous. Flowers minute, secund, in an ample

terminal and in smaller axillary paniculate cymes 5 cm. wide and as

long as the leaves ; peduncles, branches and pedicels pubescent; bracts

eaducous ; bracteoles persistent oné at base of short pedicels lanceolate

acuminate and two at base of calyx ovate obtuse embracing lower third

of calyx-tube, Calyx 2'5 mm. long, campanulate, teeth short, obtuse,

one-third as long as tube, except the acute lowest half as long as tube,

J.u.8 |

58 1D). Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

Jorolla white, 4 mm. long, claws of petals short. Stamens 9, sub-

3-adelphous, the central obvexillary stamen being separated almost

or quite to the base from the lateral groups of 4 each. Ovary pubescent,

shortly stipitate ; style short; ovules usually 3-4, sometimes only 2,

rarely more than 4. Pod coriaceous, narrowed at both ends, 4-5 cm. long,

1:25 cm. wide, 1-3-seeded. D. Junghuhnii var. Scortechinii Prazn,

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 115 (1897).

Mataya: Penang; Ayer Htam, Curtis 1437! Malacca; Bijong,

Scortechini 1830! Maingay 549 (Herb. Propr. 1554)! Singapore; Bukit

Timah, Ridley 6406! Bangka; Teysmann ! Java; Djampong, Teysmann

1418! Borneo ; Sarawak, Beccari 2887 ! Haviland 2893 !

56. Darperara Curtisi Prain. A scandent shrub with puberulous

branches. Leaves 15-18 cm. long; leaflets usually 7-9, oblong or

elliptic, rounded obtuse and faintly emarginate at apex, cuneate rarely

rounded at base, glabrous above, rather closely puberulous except on the

midrib beneath, 3-5 cm. long, 2°5 cm. wide; rachis 11-12 cm. loug and

petiolules 4 mm. long puberulous. Flowers minute, secund, in

large axillary panicles exceeding the leaves, peduncles branches and

pedicels pubescent; bracteoles persistent, one at base of pedicel lanceo-

late, 2 at base of calyx ovate obtuse embracing the lower third of

calyx-tube. Calyx 2'5 mm. long, campanulate, teeth short obtuse one-

third as long as tube. Corolla white, 4mm. long, claws of petals

short. Stamens 9, monadelphous. Ovary pubescent; ovules 2-3. Pod

thin, membranous, not seen ripe. D. discolor Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. Suppl.

296 (1860) nec Bl. D. Junghuhnii Bak. in Flor. Brit. Ind. 11, 233 (1876)

partly; Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 115 (1897) partly, not of

Benth. )

Mataya: Penang, 500 ft., Curtis! Malacca, Maingay! Sumatra ;

Lampongs, Teysmann !

This species is nearest to D. stercoracea Maingay, but in a note by Maingay

himself it is remarked that, while this is the case, the two are very distinct. This

has no trace of the foetid odour characteristic of D. stercoracea. The two species

have been confused by Mr. Baker and myself with each other and also with :

D. Junghuhnii. Miquel, whose specimens:I have seen, has named this D. discolo# ;

it is, however, very unlike the Bornean species sonamed by Blume, and previously

described by Miquel himself under Blume’s name.

57. Dapureia stercoraceaA Maing. Mss. in Herb. Kew. D. Jung-

huhnii Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 233 in part (1876) ; Prain,

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 115 var. typica tn part (1897), not of Benth.

D. frondosa Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 183 (var. typica only and exclud. all

synonyms), (1855), not of Roxb.

Mataya: Malacca, Maingay! Mueller! Derry! Singapore, Hullett !

Ridley ! Sumatra, Korthals !

1901.) . ' -D, Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 59

This has been confounded with D. Junghuhnii Benth. by Mr. Baker and the

writer. The fewer differently-shaped leaflets and the stercoraceons odour of the

flowers amply distinguish it. Miquel, whose Sumatra specimens of “ D. frondosa”’

have been seen by the writer, has named it as above. Both D. sennoides BI. and

D. phyllanthoides Bi, have been included here by Miquel but authentic examples of

these, named by Blume, have been seen by the writer and their trug place is indicated

under the latter species.

- 58. DALBEeRGIA MELANOXYLON Guill. & Perr. Flor. Seneg. Tent. 227,

t. 33 (1834) ; Benth., Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. Suppl. 47 (1860). D. Stocksii

Benth,, Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 42 (1860) ; Bak. in Hook, f. Flor.

Brit. Ind. ii. 234 (1876).

Western Inpra: Concan, Stocks! Canara, Talbot ! also at Poona, cult.

Woodrow! Madras, cult. Wight’s Collector! Calcutta, cult. Thomson !

Anderson! King! etc. Disrris.—Africa, from Senegal to Abyssinia and

Mozambique. |

The examination of Stocks’ specimens, and of some exactly like them from

Canara in Mr. Talbot’s herbarium, makes it certain that the plant termed D. Stocksii

_ by Bentham is the African D. melanoxylon, as represented by many specimens in

the Herbaria of Kew, the British Museum, Mr. de Candolle and Calcutta. The

same species has been in cultivation at Calcutta at least since 1858, that being the

earliest date on our herbarium specimens collected in the Gardens. At Madras it

appears to have been in cultivation about as long. There is nothing about Stocks’

specimens to indicate whether that botanist considered the tree indigenous or

introduced, but the note by Mr. Talbot that the plant is known in Western India

as ‘“ Chinese Blackwood,” as opposed to D. latifolia or ‘“* Bombay Blackwood,” points

to a foreign origin.

59. DatBeRGiA MULTIFLORA Heyne ex Wall. in Cat. sub. n. 5848

(1832). Dalbergia sympathetica Nimmo in Grah. Gat. Bomb. Pl. 55

(1839) ; Voigt, Hort. Suburb, Calcutt. 241 (1845); Benth., Pl. Jungh. 255

(1854) ; Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 42 (1860); Dalz. & Gibs., Bomb.

Flor. 78 (1861) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 234 (1876) ; Talbot,

Bomb. List 75 (1894). VD. frondosa Wall. Cat. 5855 partly (1832) ;

W. § A. Prodr. 266 partly (1534), not of Roxb. D. paniculata Wall. Cat.

5848 partly (1832), not of Rowb.—Anamullu Rheede, Hort. Malabar.

‘vill. 40,

~Wesrern Inpia: Conean, Stocks ! Kuntze ! Canara, Talbot ! Mysore,

Heyne! Wight ! Travancore, Lawson 205 !

vaR. glabrescens Pruin; leaflets glabrous above, glabrescent or

sparingly pubescent beneath.

SOUTHERN InpIA: Carnatic, Wight 819 K.D.! G. Thomson / Courtal-

lam, Wight 267! Travancore, Lawson 218!

In 1897 the writer pointed out in this Jowrnal (vol. Ixvi. pt. 2, p. 446) that

Wallich’s n. 5848 B (from Herb. Heyne) is this species and not, as Wallich erroneously

supposed, D. paniculata. Working subsequently through the British Musenm

60 D, Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. .[No. 1,

collection the writer discovered a note on a sheet of D. sympathetica Nimmo, from

Herb. Wight in Herb. Shuttleworth, in Mr. Bentham's handwriting, which shows

that that learned botanist had already made this discovery. The note is as follows :—

“This is a distinct species for which Heyne’s name D. multiflora may be retained

“unless it turns out be one of Roxburgh’s. I have it in flower from Arnott who, in

“his Prodromus, appears to have confounded it with D. frondosa. He had it not then

in flower.”

This being the Amerimnum horridum of Dennstedt [Schliis. Hort. Malabar.

34 (1818) ] it ought perhaps to receive the name Dalbergia horrida; the objection to

using this name is the existence of a synonym D. horrida Grah. which is the equi-

valent of D. spinosa Roxb.

60. DALBERGIA PHYLLANTHOIDES Blume ea Mig. in Flor. Ind. Bat. 1.

1, 134 (1855).

vAR. typica; leaflets membranous. D. frondosa Mzq. var. B. Flor.

Ind. Bat. i. 1. 184 (1855). D. polyphylla Benth. Mss. in Herb. Kew

(Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 34 partly) not of Pl. Junghuhn.

Mataya: Java, Blume ! Nagel 387! Borneo, Barber! Motley 32!

VAR. sennoides Prawn; leaflets firmer, larger. D. sennoides Bl. ex

Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 134 (1855). D. Junghuhnii Benth., Journ. Linn.

Soc. iv. Suppl. 33 in part (Malacca plant only) (1860) ; Bak. in Hook. f.

Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 2383 partly (1876), not of Benth. in Pl. Junghuhn.

D. subsympathetica Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixvi. 2. 116 (1897).

D. littoralis Hassk. Mss. in Herb. Hort. Bog.

Mataya: Perak, Scortechini 201! 1071! Wray 2086! 3205!

Kunstler 2354! 3562! 4978! 5182! Penang, Curtis 1492! Malacca,

Griffith ! Goodenough ! Jagor! Maingay ! Java, cult. in Hort. Bogor.

The opportunity of examining authentic examples of Blume’s and Miquel’s

specimens in the Leiden Herbarium, kindly afforded by the late Prof. Suringar, has

permitted a settlement of the confusion in synonymy connected with this species,

the validity of which the writer had already established in 1897.

6]. Datsercia Jonauuana Benth., Pl. Jungh. i. 254 (1854) ; Mig.

Ilor. Ind. Bat. 1. 1. 129 (1855); Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 33,

in part and as regards the Sumatra locality only (1860).

Mataya : Sumatra, at 3000 ft. elev., Junghuhn. 233! Java, de Vriese !

62. DALBERGIA COROMANDELIANA Prain. An erect glabrous shrub,

the ultimate branches distichous, horizontal, rigid, spinous. Leaves

fasciculate, 3-4 cm. long, leaflets 7-9, elliptic or cuneate-oblong, retuse,

6-9 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, glabrous even when young on both surfaces,

rachis 2°5-3'5 em. long, puberulous when young, soon glabrous; petiolules

1 mm. long, glabrous. Flowers minute, secund, in small recurved fascicled

cymes, rachis puberulous, 1-1'5 cm, long, pedicels 3 mm. long, glabrous ;

bracteoles caducous, one at base of pedicel lanceolate, 2 at base of calyx

ovate, subacute, embracing lower third of calyx-tube. Calyx 2°65 mm,

1901.] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 61

long, campanulate, teeth short, obtuse, one-third as long as tube. Corolla

white, 4 mm. long, claws of petals short. Stamens 9—10, monadelphous,

diadelphous, or 3-adelplous the obvexillary stamen being free. Ovary

glabrescent ; ovules 3-4. Pod thinly coriaceous, distinctly wide-reticulate

throughout, quite glabrous, narrow-ovate, 3°5 cm. long, 1'5 cm. wide,

distinctly stipitate and cuneate at base, subacute at apex, 1-seeded.

D. spinosa W. & A. Prodr. 1. 266 (1884), not of Roxb.

SournerNn Inpria: exact locality not stated, Wight 798 (821 K.D.)

flower! Shevaghiri Hills, Wight 822 K.D. fruit !

Though much like D. spinosa in general appearance this is very distinct even as

regards leaves and flowers, and is wholly distinct as regards fruit. Its nearest ally

is in reality D. multiflora, but the much smaller cymes with much longer pedicels,

and the much smaller quite glabrous pod amply distinguish it. The leaflets too are

much smaller and fewer than in D. sympathetica so that it is easily distinguished,

even by its foliage, from D. sympathetica VaR. glabrescens where, as in this, the leaflets

may be glabrous. The spines of this plant are straight as in D. spinosa, The

stamens, as in the case of D. melanoxylon, may be variously monadelphous, diadel-

phous or 3-adelphons.

63. Datseraia piscotor Bl, Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 1380 (1855);

Renth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 41 (1860).

Mataya: Borneo, southern coasts, Korthals! Celebes, Teysmann

12539 ! 7

This species has been tentatively placed by Bentham near D. foliacea; it is

most nearly related to D. rimosa.

64. Danpereaia rimosa Itoxb. Hort. Beng. 53 (1814) ; DC. Prodr.

ii, 417 (1825); Roxb. Flor. Ind. 11. 233 (1832); Wall. Cat. 5853

(1832) ; Wight Ic. t. 262 (1840); Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 241

(1845) ; Benth., Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 32 (1860) ; Brandis, For.

Flor. 148 (1874) ; Bak, in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. 11. 232 (1876). D.

foliacea Wall. (pro parte) Cat. 5856 B; Gamble, Darjeeling List, 29

(1896), nec Wall. Dalbergia sp. Drake del Castillo, Jowrn. de Bot. v.

215 (1891).

Sikkim: Lower Hills, Terai and Duars; Hooker ! King! Gamble!

Gammie! Haines! Assam: Brahmaputra Valley; Jenkins! Simons!

Mann! King’s Collectors! . Masters! Peal! Silhet; Wallich! Ciarke!

Cachar; Prazer! Khasia; Griffith 1801! Hooker § Thomson! Clarke !

Mann! Gallatly! Naga Hills; Clarke! Watt! Burma: Kachin Hills,

Prain’s Collectors! Tonkin: Black river, Balansa 2293!

The Tonkin specimens have the leaflets glabrous beneath and the venation

slightly different from that in the leaves of typical D. rimosa.

65. Darpercia Forsesit Prain. A moderately large climbing

shrubs with glabrous branches. Leaves 13-18 cm. long, leaflets usually

5, ovate-acuminate, base rounded, thinly coriaceous, closely finely reticu-

62 D, Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

late, glabrous on both surfaces the terminal exceeding the others, 4-9 em;

long, 2-4 cm. wide, rachis 6°5-9 em. long and petiolules 5 mm. long

glabrous. Flowers uumerous small, secund, in dichotomous cymes

disposed in terminal corymbose wide panicles extending into the axils of

the upper leaves, 12-15 cm. long, 8-10 cm, wide, shortly pedicelled,

2-bracteolate below the calyx, bracteoles persistent. Calyx campanulate,

9-toothed, teeth all obtuse, subequal, rather shorter than the tube.

Corolla white, the petals rather distinctly clawed; standard orbicular,

subauriculate, slightly emarginate. Stamens 9, in a sheath slit along

the back; sometimes a free vexillary stamen present. Ovary glabrous,

shortly stipitate, style short; ovule solitary. Pod distinctly stipitate,

coriaceous, oblong, glabrous, veined opposite the seed, 4-6 cm. long,

2 cm. wide, l-seeded. Seed reniform, much compressed. D. parviflora

Prain, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. Ixvi. 2.121 (1897) in part, not of Roxb.

Mataya: Lingga, Teysmann! Bigni Telok, 3500 feet, Forbes 3216 !

Warburg n. 20310, in Herb. Berol., leaf-specimens from the Aru Islands,

appears the same.

This the writer in 1897 supposed to be a form of D. parviflora, but the oppor-

tunity of examining its fruits, afforded by the kindness of Dr. Treub, who lent the

Herbarium material of Dalbergia from Buitenzorg, shows that this is a very distinct

species.

66. Datpercta AxLBeRTIsii Prain. A climbing shrub; young

branches terete. Leaves 18-20 cm. long; leaflets 8-9, lateral distinctly

alternate, very dark-green and quite glabrous on both surfaces, firmly

coriaceous, midrib impressed above, prominent beneath, secondary

nerves faint especially above, rather numerous, ovate-acute with rounded

base, terminal rather the largest, 7 cm, long, 3:25 cm. wide; rachis

14-16 cm. long, and petiolules 3 mm. long glabrous. Flowers minute,

secund, in ample terminal thyrsoid panicles, with sparsely puberulous,

zigzag rachis 12 cm. long, giving off at each angle stoutish, horizontal

branches 2°5 cm, long, breaking at their tips into 2 or more reflexed

cyme-branches; bracts and bracteoles minute, deciduous. Calyx

1:5 mm., teeth short obtuse. Corolla and stumens not seen. Pod thin,

membranous, green, suborbicular apiculate and 1l-seeded, rarely oblong

and 2-seeded, slightly cuneate at the base, 2°5-4 cm. long, 2 cm. wide,

2 mm. thick, finely puberulous, rather distinctly wide-reticulate

throughout, with a short but distinct stipe 4 mm. long.

New Guinea: Fly River, D’Albertis !

A very distinct species with the inflorescence of the group to which D. multi-

flora and D, Junghuhnit belong, but differing in the bracteoles not being persistent

and still more in foliage. Its nearest ally is D, Forbesii from Sumatra, a species

with much thinner leaves,

1901. ] D. Prain—The Astatic species of Dalbergia. 63

6. Triptolemesx Pseudoselenolobiex.

67. Da.BeRGIA PARVIFLORA Roxb. Hort. Beng. 98 (1814); Flor. Ind.

iii. 225 (1832); Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. 1.1. 132 (1855); Benth., Journ.

‘Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 33 (1860); Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. |xvi 2.

121, eacl. syn. D. Cumingiana Benth. (1897). D. Zollingeriana Mig.

Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 130 (1855). D. Cumingii var. Zollingeriana Beuth.,

Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl. 32 (1860). D. corymbifera Bl. ex. Migq. lc.

(1855). Drepanocarpus Cumingii Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 336

(1877).

Burma: Tenasserim, Helfer 1808! Matava: Dindings, Curtis !

Pahang, Ridley! Perak, Wray 2525! Kunstler 1423! 5937! 6151!

Sumatra, Zollinger 3041! Teysmann 4440! Java, Blume (type of

D. corymbifera) ! Teysmann! Borneo; Sarawak, at Bintulu, Beccari

3601! at Sungei Mahan, Beccari 3585! at Santubong, Beccari 2149!

Celebes, Zollinger (type of D. Zollingeriana Miq.)! Halmaheira,

Teysmann 5668 ! Moluccas; Amboina, 0. Smith!

_ Possibly this is cultivated in Tenasserim. The original; ticket of 2 Helfer’s n.

1808 shows that it came from Tenasserim not the Andamans; it was found at the

3rd Camp from Tenasserim in clearings in a native garden,

This yields the Kayoe Lakka of commerce. Beccari describes it as a spiny

climbing shrub, the spines woody and branched. Its Malay name is Acor Berangan,

Old stems stripped of alburnum and dead are reddish (rosso-ciliegio) and are termed

Caju Lacca—used by the Chinese in their ceremonies with other odoriferous woods.

The opportunity of examining good specimens of Cuming’s n 1244in Herb. De

Candolle and of studying the fine suite of specimens of D. Cumingiana in Herb.

Kew has enabled the writer to see that the two species, though united by Mr.

Bentham, are very distinct.

68. Datpereia Cuminerana Benth., Pl. Junghuhn. 255 (1854) ;

Mig. Flor. Ind, Bat. i. 1. 129 (1855). D. Cumingii Benth., Journ. Linn.

Soc. iv. Suppl. 32, excl. var. Zollingeriana (1860).

Puiippines: Luzon, Cuming 1244! Vidal 735! Pili, Vidal 1255!

Catarman, Isd. of Samar, Vidal 255!

69. DatperctA Goperroyt Prain. A woody climber, branchlets

subdistichous, recurved, puberulous. Leaves 7-8 em. long, leaflets 6-9,

wide ovate, firmly papery, finely puberulous on both surfaces, base

rounded, apex rounded or slightly emarginate, 15-3 cm. long, 1-1:75

em. wide, rachis 4-5 cm. long and petiolules 2°5 mm. long puberulous.

Flowers in axillary, subsimple racemes forming terminal, leafy panicles,

rachis puberulous. Calyx campanulate, in fruit glabrescent or puberu-

lous, pedicels 25 mm. long, teeth subequal, obtuse, shorter than tube

except the lowest lanceolate about as long as tube. Petals and stamens

not seen. Pod obliquely subreniform, thinly woody, 2 cm. long, 1:25 cm.

wide, 4mm, thick, finely closely velvety externally, with a flattened

64. D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. [No. 1,

stipe ‘O-1°25 cm. long, also velvety, and ovuligerous in its upper part.

Seed compressed, reniform, 8 mm. long, 4 mm. wide.

Sram: South-west of the Great Lake, Godefroy 288 !

A very distinct species, evidently belonging to the same group as D. Cumingiana-

and D. parviflora, but well-marked by its closely finely velvety pods.

70. Datpereta Beccaru Prain. A climbing shrub with slender,

terete, densely finely pubescent branches. Leaves sub-2-farious, 3-4 em.

long, leaflets 11-19, oblong, slightly emarginate at the apex, dark-green

above rather paler beneath, finely pubescent on both surfaces, 8 mm.

long, 4 mm. wide; rachis 3.5 cm. long and very short petiolules

pubescent; stipules lanceolate, 2 mm. long. Jlowers very minute,

secund, in small cymes in the lower leaf-axils, under 1 cm. wide; rachis

and pedicels puberulous ; bracts and bracteoles deciduous, very minute.

Calyx 1:5 mm. long, campanulate, teeth short, obtuse, one-third as long

as tube except the lower acute three-fourths the length of the tube.

Corolla not seen. Stamens monadelphous. Ovary glabrous. Pod firm,

thickish, pale-brown, coriaceous, glabrous, 1-seeded, irregularly ovate,

apiculate, 1:25 cm. long, 8 mm. wide, 2°5 mm. thick, with a short but

distinct stipe 2°55 mm. long. Ormocarpum scandens Teysm. Mss. in Herb.

Beccari. |

Borneo: Sarawak, Kuching, Beccari 066! 1105! Kapuas, Teysmann

8254 !

71. Datpereta spinosa foxb. Hort. Beng. 98 (1814); Flor. Ind. iii.

226 (1832); Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 241 (1845) ; Benth., Journ. Linn.

Soc. iv. Suppl. 49 eacluding citation Wight 798 (1860) ; Bak. in Hook f,

Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 238 eacl. ref. W. §& A. Prodr. (1876); Talbot,

Bombay List 75 (1894). D. horrida Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5877 (1832) ;

Drepanocarpus spinosus Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 337 (1877).

S. Inpia: Arcot, Gamble 18212! Madras, Heyne (Wallich, Cat.

5877 B)! W.Inp1a: Concan, coast, fide V'albof. BencaL: Sundribuns,

Kurz! Olarke! Ball! Heinig! Grifith 1811! Cuirracone: coast,

Roaburgh. Burma: Rangoon, Kurz 1762! Moulmein, Wallich !

III. Senenotosiom Benth.

7. Selenolobiexe Pseudodalbergariex.

72. DALBERGIA RENIFORMIS Rowb. Hort. Beng. 53 (1814); Flor. Ind.

ili. 226 (1832) ; Wight, Icones i. 261 (1840) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit.

Ind. 11. 238 (1876). D. flexuosa Girah. in Wall. Cat. 5875 (1882) ;

Benth , Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. Suppl, 48 (1860). D. stipulata Wall. Cat.

5868 partly (1832). Drepanocarpus reniformis Kurz, For. Flor. Brit.

Burma 1. 336 (1877). , |

Assam: Smith (Herb. Rozxb.)! Silhet, deSilva! Clarke 42711!

1901.] D. Prain—The Asiatic species of Dalbergia. 65

Cachar, Prazer 149! Burma: Pegu, Kurz 1785! 2608! Brandis! Tenas-

serim, Oleghorn ! Falconer! Gallatly ! Beddome!

An original example of D. reniformis, so named by Roxburgh himself, is

preserved inthe Brit. Mus. collection. The stamens in this species are iso-

diadelphous.

8. Selenolobiexe Pseudosissox.

73. DALBERGIA FALCATA Prain, A climbing shrub; young branches

angular, rusty-puberulous, their bases beset with ovate-acute, sub-

coriaceous bracts 2°5 mm. long. Leaves 10-16 cm. long, leaflets 5-9,

_ the lateral ones approximate but hardly ever opposite, dark-green

above, pale beneath, glabrous above, finely sparsely adpressed-pubescent

beneath, chartaceous, ovate shortly abruptly acuminate, the terminal

7-8 cm. long, 83cm. wide, progressively smaller downwards, midrib

rather prominent beneath, secondary veins 6-8 pairs fine but distinct

beneath, as are the reticulations ; rachis 4'5-10 cm. long, and petiolules

3-4 mm. long glabrous; stipules lanceolate, slightly striate within,

pubescent externally, 8 mm. long. Flowers in axillary panicles 6-8 cm,

long, with spreading rusty-puberulous branches, bracts and bracteoles

deciduous, pedicels 2°5 mm. long. Calyx 3 mm. long, teeth lanceolate

except the upper, the lowermost as long as the tube. Corolla not seen,

Stamens monadelphous. Ovary rusty-pubescent. Pod finely puberulous,

at length glabrescent, rigid, falcate, not very greatly thickened, 1-2-

seeded, 3 cm. (when 2-seeded 5°5 cm.) long, 1:75 cm. wide, 6 mm. thick,

with a distinct, slender, puberulous stipe 8 mm. long, dark-brown when

ripe, with narrow grey lines alongside the ventral suture.

Borneo: Bintulu, Beccari 4027! Sarawak, Beccari 67 !

A very distinct member of the group to which D, reniformis and D. Kunstleri

belong.

74, Da.percia Konstiert Prain, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. 2. 121

(1897) and 453 (1897).

Mataya: Perak, Kunstler 4736 ! 7067 !

This is obviously very closely related to D. reniformis but it has, if not always,

at least usually monadelphous stamens.

Oe ee nr’ aan

Jott 9

66 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. ([No. 1,

V.—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.—By Sir Grorar

Kine, K.C.1.E., LL.D., F.R.S., &e., late Superintendent of the Royal

Botanic Garden, Calcutta,

[Received April 2nd; Read June 5th, 1901. ]

No. 12.

The present contribution to these Materials is occupied exclusively

by an account of the Natural Order Myrtacez. In the sequence followed

in Hooker’s Flora of British India, which has been adopted in these

papers, this family ought to have immediately preceded Melastomaceex.

But, for reasons which are of no importance to any one besides the

author, the account of the latter order was prepared first and was pub-

lished in the eleventh of these papers. In the present paper 122 species,

belonging to 11 genera, are described. Six of these genera are re-

presented by only a single species; two of them by 2 species; one by 5,

one by 11, and the remaining one (Hugenia) by no fewer than 96 species.

The latter genus is a very perplexing one, from the fact that the species

resemble each other so closely. It is impossible to limit the genus by

really good well-marked characters, and it is equally impossible to

divide it into sub-genera by characters which do not break down.

Eugenia seems to be essentially a genus in the evolution of which an

extraordinary number of the successive forms have been preserved. I

have adhered to the arrangement of the species into the groups Jambosa ©

and Syzygium, although there are many species which might be referred

to either. Nobody can be more dissatisfied than I myself am with the

clavis of the species which I have prepared. In fact, while dealing with

this genus and with its literature, the belief has been forced upon me

that verbal descriptions are of very little use in identifying the species,

and that the only safe way of doing so is by comparison with authen-

tically named Herbarium specimens.

Order XLVI. MYRTACEA.

Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, seldom alternate

or whorled, petioled, simple, entire, rarely denticulate or crenate,

3-nerved or pinnately-nerved and usually with an intramarginal nerve,

generally coriaceous, and dotted with pellucid glands. Stcpules if

present small and deciduous. Flowers regular, very rarely irregular,

hermaphrodite, or polygamous by abortion, axillary, solitary or in spikes

cymes corymbs or heads, naked or with an involucre, often with 2 bracts

at the base, white, pink, purple, or yellow, never blue. Calyx superior

or }-superior, limb 4-5-many-fid or -partite, persistent or deciduous,

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 67

valvate or imbricate, sometimes entire or closed in bud. Petals inserted

on a disk surrounding the cavity of the calyx, equal in number to the

calyx-lobes and alternate with them, rarely 0. Disc lining the calyx-

tube, staminiferous at the margin. Stamens usually numerous, inserted

with the petals in several rows, rarely definite and alternate with the

petals; filaments free or more or less coherent at the base or in bundles

opposite the petals ; anthers small roundish, with parallel cells bursting

longitudinally. Ovary inferior or 3-inferior, crowned by a fleshy disk, 1-

celled with 1 or more ovules, or more usually 2-many-celled with many

ovules; placentation axile (parietal in Rhodamnia) ; style terminal rarely

lateral, smooth or bearded at the summit; stigma undivided. Fruit

usually crowned by the calyx-limb, either 1l-celled and 1-seeded by

abortion, or 2—many-celled with loculicidal dehiscence; or baccate and

indehiscent with the cells many-seeded or l-seeded by arrest. Seeds

angular cylindric or compressed ; testa hard or membranous, sometimes

winged ; albumen 0; embryo straight curved or spirally twisted, cotyle-

dons usually short and obtuse sometimes combined into a mass with the

radicle, very rarely leafy, radicle often thick. Distr1s.—Tropical and

sub-tropical regions of both hemispheres ; species upwards of 2800,

Tripe I. Leptospermex. Fruit capsular; leaves opposite or

alternate.

Leaves narrow.

Flowers few or solitary in the leaf-axils.

Stamens 10 or fewer, free, in a single series ; leaves

opposite aa ric cee 1. B#cCKEA,

Stamens numerous, free, in a single series; leaves yee

| nate ..:. vss .. 2, LEPTOSPERMUM.

Flowers in heads or spikes; ee Tae alternate ;

stamens numerous, slightly combined into bundles ‘

opposite to and longer than the petals oe «. oO MELALEUCA,

Leaves broad.

Flowers in axillary cymes; leaves alternate; stamens

indefinite, united into 5 bundles opposite to and shorter

than the petals aoe SS a «. 4,. TRISTANIA,

Tribe IJ, Myrtex. Fruit a berry; leaves opposite, often

gland-dotted.

Ovary I1-celled with 2 parietal multi-ovulate RIRC=nGaet:

flowers small; leaves 3-nerved from the base 5. RHODAMNIA.

Ovary 1-3-celled with 2 rows of ovules in each cell sepa-

rated by spurious partitions; flowers rather large; leaves

3- to 5-nerved at the base, seeds numerous ... ... 6, RHODOMYRTUS.

Ovary 5- (sometimes 4-) celled, with several ovules in dgak

ce]l, often with spurious partitions; seeds few; embryo

long and narrow with small cotyledons: flowers small and

numerous; leaves not 3-neryed _se.. ae ... % DECASPERMUM,

68 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

Ovary 2-3-celled with several ovules in each cell, without

spurious partitions; embryo thick, fleshy; cotyledons

large radicle short; seeds few; stamens numerous .,. 8. HUGENIA,

Ovary 2-celled with numerous ovules in each cell; flowers

small, few, in small axillary inflorescences. Stamens 8:

otherwise as in Eugenia 7” va ... 9. PSEUDO-EUGENIA.

TRIRE JII, Lecythidex. Fruit hard and fibrous or fleshy, :

indehiscent ; leaves alternate, not gland-dotted.

Stamens all antheriferous, staminodes none; embryo un-

divided ; fruit angular, one-seeded = ... LO. BARRINGTONIA.

Inner stamens shorter and without anthers; embryo in-

volute ; the cotyledons leafy, plicate: fruit ovoid, several-

seeded vee se eee ass .» Ll. PLANCHONIA.

1. Backea, Linn.

Glabrous heath-like shrubs. Leaves opposite, narrow, pointed,

entire, with many pellucid glands. lowers 5-merous, rarely 4-merous,

axillary, peduncled, with 2 minutely bracteolate. Calya-tube widely

campanulate ; lobes 5, membranous, persistent. Petals 5, suborbicular.

Stamens 10 or fewer, shorter than the petals. Ovary in the single

Malay species 3-inferior, 2-3-celled, with several ovules in each cell.

Capsule bursting from above loculicidally. Seeds angular; embryo

straight with short cotyledons.—Distris. Species about 50, the greater

number Australian, a few in New Caledonia, one only extending into

India.

There are considerable differences in the stamens amongst the species referred

by Messrs. Bentham and Hooker to this Linnzan genus. Some of the species have

only 5 stamens, while others (like the solitary Indo-Malayan one) have 10 which

however are not unfrequently reduced to 8. There are moreover differences in the

shape of the anthers and filaments. The ovaries also in some have two and in

others three cells. On these and other characters more than a dozen genera were

founded by Schauer and others, but these have been advantageously reduced to

Beckea.

B&CKEA FRUTESCENS, Linn, Sp. Pl. 358. <A slender shrub with thin

wiry branches. Leaves linear, poiuted, ‘25 to *5 in. long and ‘06 in. broad. .

Flowers axillary, ‘08 in. in diam., usually solitary, in short peduncles.

Calyx with 5 rounded persistent lobes. Stamens 10 (or sometimes only

8). Ovary half-inferior. DC. Prod. III, 229: Sur. in Trans. Linn. Soc.

III, 260; Bot. Mag. t. 2802; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 69; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

Vol. I. Pt. 1, 406; Suppl. 308; Benth, Fl. Hong-Kong, 118: Duthie

in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 463. B. Cumingiana, Schauer in Walp.

Rep. II, 920. B. chinensis, Gertn. Fruct. I, 157, t=. 31. B. sumatrana,

Bl. Mus. Bot. I, 69.

In all the provinces except the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Distris.--Malayan Archipelago.

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 69

2. LeprospermMuM, Forst,

Shrubs or small trees, glabrous or silky-pubescent. Leaves alternate,

entire, rigid, with 1-3 nerves or nerveless. Flowers solitary and

axillary, or 2-3 together at the ends of the branches, rarely peduncled,

‘sometimes polygamous; bracts broad, scarious, often imbricate, the

lower ones caducous. Calyx-tube broadly campanulate or turbinate,

adnate to the ovary below, the free upper part broad; lobes 5. Petals

5, spreading. Stamens numerous, in a single series, not longer than

the petals ; anthers versatile, their parallel cells bursting longitudinally.

Ovary inferior or 3-inferior, enclosed in the calyx-tube, 5- or more-

celled, rarely 3- or 4-celled ; style filiform, inserted in a deep depression

of the ovary, sometimes short; stigma capitate or peltate. Capsule

usually exceeding the calyx-tube, opening loculicidally from above.

Seeds numerous, linear or winged, often sterile; embryo straight.

Distris.—Species upwards of 30, chiefly Australian, a few in New

Zealand and New Caledonia.

NOTE,

As in Beckea the species have been separated off into several genera which

have been reduced by Messrs. Bentham and Hooker.

LEPTOSPERMUM FLAVESCENS, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc. III, 262. A

bush or small scraggy tree with thin, striate, 4-angled branches: the

young parts glabrous or sericeous, Leaves coriaceous, narrowly oblong-

lanceolate to oblanceolate, obtuse, often with a deciduous point, sub-

sessile; when dry distinctly dotted beneath and obscurely 3-nerved,

glabrous or silky on the midrib beneath and on the edges, from ‘4 to 1 in,

long and ‘1 to ‘3 in. broad. Flowers sessile or sub-sessile, about °5 or *6 in.

in diam. (when dry). Calya-tube glabrous or sericeous. Capsule much

depressed, surrounded by the calyx-tube, glabrous or hairy, 5-ridged,

pitted, opening by 5 valves, *25 to °30 in. in diam. (when dry). DC. Prod.

III, 227; Hook. fil. Fl. Tasm. I, 189; Benth. Fl. Austral. III, 104.

This species is common and widely distributed in Australia and

has several well-marked varieties of which two occur in our region.

VAR. commune, Benth. Fl. Austral. IlI, 104. Young branches

leaves and calyx-tube glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves narrowly oblong

or linear-lanceolate, ‘1 to ‘15 in. broad. LL. flavescens, Bot. Mag. t.

2695. DL. amboinensis, Blume Bijdr. 1100: Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I,

68; DC. Prod. III, 229: Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 404; Duthie

in Hook, fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 464. LZ. polygalifolium, Salish. Prod. 350;

L. Thea, Willd. Spec. Pl. IJ, 949. LZ. porophyllum, Cav. Ic. IV, 17,

t. 330, fig. 2. Macklottia amboinensis, Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. I,

196. Myrtus amboinensis, Rumph. Herb. Amb. II, 77, t. 18.

70 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

Matacca (on Mount Ophir); Grifith (K.D. 2339) ; Lobb, Stolickza,

Maingay (K.D.) 713. Kuepau, Ridley 5349. Distr1s.—Bangka, Amboina,

Moluccas, Borneo, Australia.

VAR. javanica. Young branches densely sericeous; calya-tube

glabrescent, occasionally very sericeous. Leaves obovate-lanceolate,

broadly obtuse, with long silky hairs on the margins and on the midrib

beneath. Flowers often crowded. L. javanicum, Blume Bijdr. 1100;

Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 68; DC. Prod. III, 229: Duthie in Hook. fil.

Fl. Br. Ind. II, 464. LZ. floribundum, Jungh. Java I, 578; Nat. en

Geneesk. Arch. Ned. Ind. II, 370; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. J, Pt. 1, 404.

Macklottia javanica, Korth. Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 196.

Manacca: Griffith, Perak: Wray 330, 885, 3839: Scortechini

754: King’s Collector 7426, 7435. DistRis.—Sumatra, Java, Celebes,

Borneo. Burmah (a single specimen) at Moulmein; Lobb. This

variety is much commoner in the Peninsula than the former.

3. Menaevca, Linn.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire, lanceo-

late or linear, flat or subterete, 1-3—many-nerved. Flowers in heads or

spikes, each sessile in the axil of a floral leaf, 5-merous; bracts deci-

duous. Calyx-tube subglobose ; lobes 5, imbricate or open, deciduous or

persistent. Petals 5, spreading, deciduous. Stamens numerous, more

or less united at their bases into 5 bundles opposite the petals ; anthers

versatile, the cells parallel and bursting longitudinally. Ovary inferior

or half-inferior, enclosed in the tube of the calyx; style filiform, stigma

small; ovules numerous. Capsule included in the calyx, dehiscing

loculicidally by 3 valves. Perfect seeds cuneate: embryo straight,

longer than the radicle. DistR1B.—Species about 130, almost all Austra-

lian, but one scattered in Asia.

MELALEUCA LEUCADENDRON, Linn. Mant. 105. A tree often of con-

siderable size; the bark pale, thick, peeling off in papery layers.

Branches usually pendulous, slender. Leaves coriaceous, alternate,

narrowly oblong-elliptic, oblique or falcate, acuminate acute or obtuse,

narrowed below into a short petiole, with 3 to 5 or 7 vertical unastomos-

ing nerves; when young adpressed-hairy, when old glabrous: length

15 to 5 in.; breadth :2 to 1 in. Spikes 2 to 6 in. long; sometimes

interrupted, solitary, at first terminal but subsequently surmounted by

a leaf-axis, the rachis and calices glabrous or hairy: calyx-tube ovoid,

the lobes orbicular. Petals ‘1 to ‘15 in. in diam. Staminal bundles

under ‘5 in. long. Fruit about ‘2 in.in diam. Benth. Fl. Austral. IIT,

142: Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 61; Fl. Br. Burm,

T, 472; Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 465.

taer.| 6G: King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 71

Maracca: Singapore. Distr1p.—Malayan Archipelago, British

India, Australia. :

The following two varieties have been distinguished by Mr.

Duthie in Hooker’s Flora of British India.

var. Leucadendron; spikes glabrous. Linn. Mant, 105 and Suppl.

342; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 468; Roxb. FI. Ind. IIT, 397; DC. Prodr. III,

212; Wall. Cat, 3646 ; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 66; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, pt. 1,

401. Myrtus Leucadendron, Linn.—Rumph. Herb. Amb. II, 72, tt. 16,

17, f. 1.—Cultivated in India.

VAR, minor; spikes villous. M. minor, Sm. in Rees. Cycl. 23;

DC. Prodr. III, 212; Wall. Cat. 3645; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 67; Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 403. M. Cajuputi, Roxb. Fl. Ind. III, 394; W. & A.

‘Prodr. 326; Mig. Uc. 403. M. Leucadendron, Lam. Encycl. 641.

M. viridiflora, Geertn. Fruct. T, 173, t. 835; DC. Prodr. l.c. ; Wall. Cat. 3647.

M. saligna, Blume Mus. Bot. I, 66. M. Cumingiana and lancifolia, Turcz.

in Bull. Soc. Mose. xx. 164. M. saligna, Gmel. Syst. 793.—Rumph.

Herb. Amb. IT, 76.—This appears to be the plant from which the Cajuput-

oil of commerce is chiefly obtained.

4, Tristania, R. Br.

Tall shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or crowded at the summit

of the branches, rarely opposite, coriaceous, glabrous. Flowers small,

yellow or white, in pedunculate axillary cymes; bracts deciduous or 0.

Calyx-tube turbinate-campanulate or open, attached below to the ovary ;

lobes 5, short, persistent, Pefals 5, imbricate, spreading. Stamens

numerous, shorter than the petals, usually united in 5 bundles and

opposite to them; anthers versatile, cells parallel and opening longitu-

dinally. Ovary inferior or $-superior, the apex flat or convex ; 3-celled ;

ovules many in each cell, suspended or horizontal. Cupsule loculicidally

3-valved. Perfect seeds few, linear, cuneate, or winged at the upper

part; embryo straight, cotyledons broad, longer than the radicle,

Distr1s.—About 22 species inhabiting the Malay peninsula and islands,

New Caledonia, and Australia.

Leaves sessile, sub-auriculate fe Bes we 1.) T. subauriculata,

. Leaves narrowed into a short petiole.

Cymes (with their peduncles) much shorter than the leaves.

Leaves oblanceolate or obovate-oblong; capsules globular.

Petals transversely oblong, entire, shortly clawed;

capsules ‘4 to ‘5in,indiam. ... 2. T. merguensis.

Petals sub-rotund, subentire, hea ; onpitiids °35 in, in

diam. <4. 3. I. Maingayi,

Leaves obovate; satel aioe, 23 in, igi: etala aah

rotund, their margins serrate sith we 4 -T. obovata,

Cymes (with their peduncles) longer than the eee . Oo. TT. Whiteana,

72 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. ([No. 1,

1. TRISTANIA SUBAURICULATA, n. sp. King. A tree 10 to 40 feet

high : the young branches pale (when dry) puberulous or glabrescent.

Leaves very coriaceous, sessile, obovate-oblong, the apex broad, blunt,

emarginate or slightly pointed, gradually narrowed to the slightly-

auricled base: both surfaces glabrous, pale when dry, the upper shining,

the lower paler, dull, obscurely glandular: main-nerves spreading,

not prominent, *2in. apart, length 2°5 to 6 in.; breadth 1°5 to 2:5 in.

Cymes axillary, few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, dichotomous :

the peduncles ‘3 to ‘8 in. long, compressed, clothed, especially above,

with white silky hairs. Flowers *25 in. across. Calyx-tube tubular-

campanulate, densely pubescent below externally, the teeth broadly

triangular, blunt, short. Petals rounded, entire, glabrous. Stamens in

5 groups of 10 each. Ovary depressed-globular, glabrous. Capsule sub-

globular, glabrous, half-enveloped by the calyx, °25 in. in diam. Seeds

compressed, about 8 in each cell.

Perak: King’s Collector 7047, 8253.

This is allied to T. merguensis, bnt has broader leaves of much thicker texture

and sessile; shorter fewer-flowered cymes, and smaller flowers and fruit.

2. TRISTANIA MERGUENSIS, Griff. in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. for 1854,

p- 637. A tree. Young branches stout with pale bark when dry; the

youngest puberulous. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, obtuse or obtusely

acuminate, narrowed to the very short or almost obsolete petiole ; main-

nerves ascending, distinct, ‘1 in. apart; both surfaces glabrous, the

lower dull, paler and obscurely glandular, the upper shining; length

3:5 to 7 in.; breadth 1°15 to 2 in.; petiole ‘1 to*2 in. Oymes on angular

peduncles ‘5 to 15 in. long, slightly supra-axillary, shorter than the

leaves, dichotomous, hoary-pubescent, especially towards the apex.

Flowers densely crowded at the ends of the branchlets, ‘25 in. in diam.

Calyx-tube densely clothed with white pubescence on both surfaces,

broadly cupular, tapered to the very short almost obsolete pedicel, the

teeth broad, rounded. Petals small, transversely oblong, shortly clawed.

Ovary pilose. Capsule sub-globular, large (‘4 in. in diam.), glabrous,

half-enveloped by the calyx ; its valves broad, blunt. Seeds compressed,

about 8 in each cell. Kurz, For. Fl. Burm. I, 473. “ Tristaniz affinis,”

Griff. Notul. 650: Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 636, f. 3. Melaleuca eugenisfolia,

Wall. Cat. 3648. M. decurrens, Wall. Cat. 3649, :

Mauacca: Finlayson, Harvey. Prax: Wray 2921, 4124; Scortechint

1021. Panana: Ridley 1062: growing at elevations of several thousand

feet. Distr1p.—Burma, Borneo.

3. TristantA Maincayi, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl, Br. Ind. II, 467.

A tree: young branches with brown bark (when dry) and covered with

deciduous white hairs. Leaves narrowly oblong-oblanceolate acute, much

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 73

narrowed to the short petiole; main-nerves spreading, less than -1 in.

apart, not conspicuous ; lower surface dull and glandular, slightly paler

than the shining upper: length 1°75 to 3°5 in. ; breadth ‘5 to 1:25 in.;

petiole ‘1 to ‘2 in. Oymes on angular peduncles ‘5 to 1°25 in. long,

axillary, shorter than the leaves, dichotomous, hoary; the flowers few,

crowded, ‘3 in. in diam., on very short pedicels. Calyz-tube broadly

cup-shaped, tapered to the base; the teeth shallow, broad, sub-acute.

Petals small, sub-rotund, sub-entire, hairy outside. Ovary pubescent.

Capsule large (‘35 in. in diam.) sub-globular, glabrous, enclosed in the

calyx except at the apex; its valves broad, blunt. Seeds winged, 9 or

10 in each cell.

Penang: Maingay (K.D. 769) ; Curtis, 238, 438.

I keep up this species with much hesitation. It appears to me to be a form of

T. merguensis with leaves and capsules smaller than usual.

4. TRIsTaniA opovatTa, R. Br. in Benn. and Horsf. Fl. Jav. 127,

t. 27. A large shrub: the young branches reddish-brown, rusty puberu-

lous. Leaves obovate, much contracted to the short petiole, the apex

rounded or retuse; both surfaces glabrous, the lower glandular and

paler: main-nerves spreading, about ‘i in. apart ; length 1°5 to 2°65 in. ;

breadth -6 to 1:2 in.; petiole ‘2 to ‘4in. Cymes extra-axillary and

terminal, few-flowered, puberulous or glabrous, much shorter than the

leaves. Flowers ‘15 in. long, on pedicels shorter than themselves, often

in pairs. Calyz-tube turbinate ; the teeth rounded, short. Petals sub-

rotund with serrate margins. Ovary silky. Capsule ‘2 in. long, oval,

glabrous, much longer than the persistent calyx: its valves broad,

blunt. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 397.

Singapore: Ridley 5886.

5. Trisranta WaitTeEana, Griff. Pl. Cantor. 18. A shrub, the young

bark brown. Leaves oblanceolate, bluntly acuminate, much narrowed

to thé short petiole; both surfaces shining, the lower pellucid-punctate,

pale: main-nerves numerous (about ‘05 in. apart), sub-horizontal ;

length 3 to 5°5 in. ; breadth °75 to 1:75 in.; petiole ‘25 to 5 in. Cymes

on peduncles nearly as long as the leaves, corymbosely paniculate,

minutely pubescent, axillary and terminal, the bracts few and leaflike ;

bracteoles small caducous. Flowers numerous, on pedicels shorter than

themselves, ‘1 in. across. COalyzx-tube obconic, densely pubescent on

both surfaces, its teeth obsolete. Petals orbicular, glandular. Capsule

under ‘1 in. in diam., free from the calyx except at the base.

T. Wighttana, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 466. T. sumatrana,

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 308. Hypericinea pimentifolia, Wall. Cat,

4828.

oe te 10;

74. G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1.

Maracca: Griffith (K.D. 2340). Sincapore: Wallich, Lobb.

Penana: Walker 62. Distris.—Sumatra, Java, Borneo.

NOTE.

In Hooker’s Flora of British India T. burmannica, Griff. is said to have been

collected at Malacca. TI find however no specimens from that locality in either the

Kew or the Calcutta Herbarium ; and I therefore omit it here.

5. RHODAMNIA, Jack.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved, hoary or pubes-

cent beneath. Hlowers rather small, pedicels short, sometimes shortly

fasciculate or in short lax racemes ; bracteoles small, deciduous. Calya-

tube ovoid or subglobose, not produced beyond the ovary; segments 4,

persistent. Petals 4, spreading. Stamens numerous, in several series,

free; filiments filiform ; anthers versatile with parallel cells dehiscing

longitudinally. Ovary 1-celled with parietal placentas and many ovules;

style filiform, stigma peltate. Berry globose, crowned with the limb of

the calyx. Seeds few, reniform, globose or variously compressed, testa

hard; embryo horseshoe-shaped, radicle long, cotyledons very short.

Distris.—About 6 species; Australia, and Tropical Asia.

RHODAMNIA TRINERVIA, Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 79. A

small tree or a shrub: young parts and inflorescence often silky.

Leaves ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved ; upper

surface glabrous, reticulate; the lower glabrous or silvery pubescent ;

length 1:75 to 4°5 in.; breadth ‘75 to 2 in.; petiole -2 to ‘35 in.

Peduncles varying in length but always much shorter than the leaves,

axillary, l- rarely 3-flowered, minutely bracteolate near the calyx. F'rwit

globose, reddish, -2 to 3 in.in diam. Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng.

XLVI, Pt. 2, 63; For. Fl. Br. Burma J, 474: Benth. Fl. Austral.

III, 278; Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 468. Myrtus trinervia,

Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soe. ITI, 280. Hugenia ? trinervia, DC. Prod. III,

279: Bot. Mag. 3223.

In all the Provinces except the Andaman Islands;common. Distr.

—The Malayan Archipelago and Philippines to Australia, Burma.

vaRk. concolor ; leaves green on both surfaces, sparingly pubescent,

peduncles 4-7- or fewer-flowered. . cinerea, Griff. Notul. 653, not of

Jack.; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. l.c. RR. concolor, Mig. Fl. Ind, Bat.

Suppl. I, 315. Myrtus smilacifolia, Wall. Cat. 3629.

vAR. spectabilis ; leaves silvery-white beneath or greyish when old,

flowers usually fewer, 2 or solitary. RB. spectabilis, Blume Mus, Bot. [,

78; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 479; Kurz lc. 2. cinerea, Jack.

in Mal. Mise. Monoxora spectabilis, Wight Ill. II, 12, t. 97, f. 5,

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flova of the Malayan Peninsula. 75

R. Nageli, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 478. R. subtriflora and R, Mulleri,

dal, 7.¢., 79,

This species, being widely distributed, presents many forms several of which

have been described as species. ‘I'he above arrangement of these forms into two

varieties was first suggested by Kurz.

6. Ruopomyrtus, DC.

Small trees or tomentose shrubs. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved.

Flowers rather large, axillary. Calyx-twbe turbinate, oblong or sub-

globose, slightly produced above the ovary ; lobes 5, rarely 4, herbaceous,

persistent. Petals 5, rarely 4, spreading. Stamens indefinite, free, in

many series. Ovary 1I- 2- 3-celled with spurious partitions, or divided

into numerous l-ovuled superposed cells ; style filiform, stigma capitate.

Berry globose or ovoid, with few or numerous seeds not distinctly

superposed in rows. Seeds compressed, reniform or nearly orbicular,

horizontal, testa hard; embryo curved or spiral, radicle very long,

cotyledons small, Distris.—5 species, four of them inhabitants of H.

_ Australia, and one widely distributed over Tropical Asia, especially

throughout the Indian Archipelago, as far as China.

Ruyopomyrtus tomentosa, Wight Spicil. Neilgh. I, 60, t. 71, A

shrub 4 to 8 feet high: young parts tomentose. Leaves the lower

ternate, the upper opposite, elliptic to obovate, obtuse, sometimes

mucronate, 3-nerved, the under surface covered with soft white tomen-

tum, the upper glabrous: length 1°59 to 2°5 iu.; breadth °65 to 1 in. ;

petiole -1 to°15 in. Peduncles axillary shorter than the leaves, 1-3-

flowered, bracteolate close to the calyx. Flowers 5 to °75 im. across.

Calyx tomentose, with 5 unequal lobes. Petals downy, shortly clawed.

Berry about the size of a cherry, oval or sub-globose, dark-purple: pulp

abundant, sweet. Seeds compressed, forming 2 rows in each cell. Miq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 477; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 121; Duthie in Hook.

fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 469; Trimen Fl. Ceylon. II, 166. Myrtus tomentosa,

Ait.; DC. Prodr. III, 240; Vahl Symb. II, 56; Blume Bijdr. 1081 ;

W.&A, Prodr. I, 328; Wight Ill, IT, 12, t. 97, f. 3, Ice. 522; Roxb.

Fl. Ind. II, 498; Wall. Cat. 3630; Korth. in Ned. Kruidk, Arch. I, 197.

M, canescens, Lour. Fl. Cochine, I, 31).

PrenanG, Matacca, Perak, Distris.—Malayan Archipelago. Hills

of Southern British India and Ceylon.

7. DercaspermMom, Forst.

Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, pinnate-nerved. Flowers

small, in axillary racemes, or in terminal leafy panicles, occasionally

polygamous, Calya-twbe campanulate, slightly or not at all produced

76 G. King—Matertals for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

above the ovary; lobes 4 or 5, spreading. Petals 4 or 5, spreading.

Stamens numerous in several series, free, filaments filiform; anthers

small, versatile, with parallel cells opening longitudinally. Ovary 4- or

d-celled with 2 or very few ovules in each cell; cells often divided by

spurious dissepiments; style filiform, stigma peltate. Berry globose,

crowned by the calyx-lobes. Seeds 8 to 10, reniform-sub-globose, testa

hard ; embryo horse-shoe-shaped or circular, with long radicle and short

cotyledons. Disrris —About 4 species in tropical Asia, Australia, and

the Pacific Islands. |

DECASPERMUM PANICULATUM, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI,

Pt. 2, 61: For. Flora. Br. Burma I, 475. A small tree, often 30 feet

high. Young parts and inflorescence minutely sericeous-tomentose,

Leaves membranous or thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-

lanceolate, acuminate, the base often narrowed, edges entire; main-

nerves about 10 pairs, spreading, not prominent ; upper surface glabrous :

the lower paler and reddish, glandular, midrib always pubescent on

the lower and always on the upper; length 1°25 to 3°5 in. ; breadth

‘4.to lin.; petiole ‘1 to ‘3 in. Panicles axillary and shorter than the

leaves, or terminal and longer than the leaves; bracts small and

deciduous, or leaf-like and permanent. Flowers ‘2 to ‘3 in. in diam.,

often polygamous. Petals white, pubescent inside. Calya-tube more or

less clothed with white hairs; the lobes roundish or sub-acute, hairy

or glabrous. Style exserted. Berry globose, about ‘1 in. in diam. Duthie

in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 470. Nelstris paniculata, Lindl. Collect. Bot.

under 16; DC. Prod. III, 231; Wall. Cat. 3627; Wight Ill. II, t. 97,

fig. 10. Icon. 521; Benth. Fl. Austral. II], 279. N. polygama, Spreng.

Syst. II, 488; Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1,197. WN. pallescens,

Mig. FI. Ind. Bat, Suppl. 314. Hugenia polygama, Roxb. Hort. Beng.

92; Fl. Br. Ind. II, 491. 2H. cuspidata, Wall. Cat. 3627. Memecylon

acuminatum, Wall. Cat. 4105 ; Syzygium vimineum, Wall. Cat. 3593 B.

Hirzxa Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 3566 F.

In all the provinces except the Andaman and Nicobar Islands:

common. Disrris.—Malayan Archipelago, Burma, Khasia Hills, Sikkim

Terai.

Various other forms to which specific names have been given appear to me to

be reducible here. The Wallichian examples in Herb. Calcutta of Wall. Cat. 3593

B and 4105 belong in my opinion to this species.

vaR. Finlaysoniana, Duthie l.c.; leaves sub-coriaceous, panicles

shorter than the leaves, few-flowered, calyx densely tomentose, its lobes

rounded : stamens nearly equalling the petals. N. polymorpha, Blume

Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 75, t. UX. Hirzea Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat.

7363.

= ow,

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 77

8. Euacenta, Linn.

Trees or shrubs, smooth or rarely tomentose or setose. Leaves

opposite rarely alternate, coriaceous or membranous, pinnate-nerved.

Inflorescence centripetal with solitary axillary flowers, or in short racemes

or centrifugal in dense terminal or axillary cymes or in terminal or

lateral trichotomous panicles. Bracts usually small and deciduous.

Calyx-tube globose or more or less elongate, 4- or 5-lobed or sub-truncate.

Petals 4 or 5, free and spreading or connivent calyptrate and caducous.

Disc lining the calyx-tube, staminiferous at the edge. Stamens numer-

ous, in many rows, usually combined in 4 or 5 bundles; filaments

slender; anthers small, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary

inferior, 2- rarely 3-celled ; ovules many in each cell; style filiform,

stigma small. Fruit inferior, crowned by the remains of the calyx,

pulpy, rarely dry. Seeds few, oblong or globose, often compressed,

testa membranous or cartilaginous, albumen none or very scanty ;

embryo thick, fleshy. Disrris.—About 650 species chiefly in tropical

America and Asia; a few in tropical Africa and Australia.

Sect. I. JamBosa. Flowers usually 4-merous, often large. Calyx clavate,

funnel-shaped or sub-globose, its staminal disc often thickened and its month with

4-persistent often thickened lobes crowning the fruit. Petals free, Berry pulpy;

seeds large.

Leaves large—

Leaves with their main nerves under 20 pairs, bold, the

reticulations inconspicuous, mostly from 8 to 14 in. long

(except in Nos. 8, 9 and 10)—

Flowers 1 inch or more across—

Leaves on very short inconspicuous petioles, auricled\ .

hae 2. EH. Perakensis.

at the cordate base, often amplexicaul ‘ d

3. £. javanica.

Leaves neither cordate nor amplexicaul but narrowed § 4. E. Jambos.

at the base

Flowers half an inch or at most three quarters of an

inch across —

Leaves glabrous—

1. E. formosa,

5. EL. malaccensis.

6. E,pseudo-formosa.

Young branches sub-terete or compressed ... 7. E. papillosa.

8. E. densiflora,

9. E. plumbea.

Young branches 4-angled ae ak ... 10. EB. Scortechinii,

Leaves hairy beneath ; flowers in terminal panicles 11. E. mollis.

Leaves 8 to 16 in. long, with very numerous (more than

20 pairs) of bold distinct sub-horizontal main nerves ;

flowers half an inch or more in diameter—

12. BE. quadrata.

13. E. scalarinervis.

Reticulations of leaves distinct ... Mes hs |

14, EH. pergamentacea.

78 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

Reticulations of leaves faint tps Sa aye eas 1S. Be as

16. E. Hemsleyana.

Leaves small—

Leaves 2'5 to 8 in. long (longer in No. 19)

Flowers in terminal spreading panicles—

(17. E. pachyphylla.

AL 118. E. lepidocarpa,

Leaves obovate, oblanceolate, or broadly elliptic igs!

119. B. garcinifolia.

(20. E. crenulata.

(21. E. grandis.

| ‘

Leaves oblong, ovate or elliptic, tapering slightly seme Thamag:

ilaei- ana . be } { 23. HE. Griffithii.

: ive | 24, HE. Clarkeana.

(25. E. corrugata.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic (some-

times broadly elliptic in EF. pyrifolia) much narrowed

to. each end, the apices sometimes candate-acuminate —

las E. pendens.

27. E. Burkilliana.

| 28. EH. Helferi.

29. EH. Kurzii, var.

t :

Flower-bnds clavate ... sg ssh ‘i! hi andamantea.

30. E. anisosepala,

| 31. E. Gageana.

32. E. Hullettiana.

33. E. chlorantha.

laa E. penangiana.

(35. BE. Ridleyi.

36. E. pyrifolia.

Flower-buds globular, not clavate 197 B lineata.

(38. E. cymosa.

Flowers in small axillary or terminal racemes or in lax |

racemose few-flowered panicles ~

( 39. E. conglomerata,

40. HE. urceolata.

41. EH. glauca.

: ; 42. E. subrufa.

buds globular or slightly elongated ... Pig

RE A ie aad P 143. EB. Duthieana.

/44, E. polyantha.

45. H. Manit.

bigs E. caudata.

Flower-buds and flowers much elongated eee ade He eae Safi tee

48.. EB. andamanica.

Flowers in dense short terminal or axillary glomeruli

or cymes—

Flowers not conspicuously bracteolate—

Flower-buds globular

49. E. Hoseana.

1901.) G. Kine—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 79

( 50. #. Benjamina,

dl. EH. variolosa.

| 6 Any

52, HE. claviflora.

| 53. E. zeylanica.

i E. grata.

Flower-buds much elongated

55. H. tecta.

Flowers in conspicuously bracteolate dense clusters, Bar TP ariel

: ptera.

branches 4-angled aes eve Maa ai << (55. Bh. polite,

Sect. II. Syzycium. Flowers 4- or 5-meronus, usually small: the calyx obovoid,

turbinate or clavate, its staminal disc rarely thickened, the mouth 4- or 5-toothed

or lobed or sub-entire. Petals more or less connate, much imbricate and calyptrately

deciduous. Berries small, sub-globose or oblong, often with little pulp.

Flowers panicled, their buds ‘2 in. or more in length (less

in E. nigricans and E. expansa), clavate, always narrowed

into a long pseudo-stalk—

Leaves more than 2 inches long—

Main-nerves of leaves under 25 pairs, distinet—

(59 HE. valdevenosa.

ea : Oe ; 59. EH. oblongifolia,

Panicles large, lax, spreading, mostly terminal a {60 erty ee

zontalis.

61. EH. Valetoniana.

Panicles short, both axillary and terminal ... oe 2, E. expansa.

63. E. chloroleuca.

fs E. nigricans.

65. E. inophylla.

66. EH. oblata.

Nerves of leaves very numerous, close together and J 67. E. Bernardi.

. equally distinct or often all obscure __... a ... | 68. EB. Prainiana.

| 69. H. Pearsoniana.

(70 #. leveaulis.

: Gi E. Goodenovii.

Leaves 2 inches or less in length, rarely as much as 2°5 in.—

Glabrous—

Fruit oblong... a EY pa one . 72, E. linocieroidea.

73. EB. myrtifolia.

Fruit globose or sub-globose ... cy a ie fs E. Stapfiana.

75. E. Wrayi.

Setose aes a Ae ot ki sh 76. E. setosa.

Flowers numerous, less than ‘2 in. long, in terminal or

axillary panicles, oblong or clavate, tapered gradually to

the base, rarely narrowed into a short pseudo-stalk, all

withoat a true pedicel except sometimes the terminal ones

of the branchlets.

77. E. inasensis.

Leaves obtuse or sub-acnte .,, sak sp os ses 78. E. subdecussata.

79. E. punctulata,

80 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

{ 80. B. bracteolata.

81. EH. venulosa.

Leaves obtuse or sub-acute... a4 naa pace aaa

* 83. EH. microcalyz.

84. E. scoparia.

| 85. H. myriantha.

(86. E. verecunda.

87. E. pseudo-subtilis

VAR. sub-acuminata.

| 88.E. Swettenhamiana.

| 89. BE. acuminatissima.

90. E. Kunstleri.

191. #. pustulata.

92. H. Koordersiana.

93. E. simulans.

(94. E. Curtisii.

Flowers small, numerous, in short much-branched spread- - 95. E

Leaves more or less acuminate

. operculata,

. nicobarica.

. Jambolana.

ing cymose panicles mostly from the scars of fallen leaves, 2 96.

globular or nearly so, narrowed gradually to the base or \ 97.

abruptly contracted into a short pseudo-stalk,

1. Eucenta Formosa, Wall. PI. As. Rar. II. 6, t. 108: Wall. Cat, (in

part) 3609. A tree, 20 to 30 feet high : young branches almost terete,

with pale bark. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-oblong to lanceolate-oblong,

much tapered to the acute apex, sometimes in threes ; the base rounded,

slightly cordate ; upper surface pale, olivaceous (when dry), the lower

paler; both quite smooth; main-nerves 12 to 20 pairs, rather strong,

ascending, rather straight, interarching ‘2 to ‘3 in, from the edge ; length

8 to 12 occasionally to 18 in.; breadth 3 to 5in.; petiole about ‘2 in.

Flowers about 2 in. across (excluding the stamens), pale rose-coloured,

on pedicels ‘3 to ‘o in. long, bracteolate near the apex, in fascicles of

three (occasionally solitary), usually from the branches below the

leaves but sometimes terminal. Calyx-tube *6 to ‘75 in. long, clavate-

turbinate, smooth ; the 4 lobes broad, rounded, unequal, ‘5 in. broad and

about half as long. Petals ‘5 in. long, almost orbicular. Filaments more

than 1 in. long, very numerous, spreading. Fruit as large as a small

apple, globose, contracted towards the base, crowned at the apex by the

spreading calyx-lobes, white, smooth, 2-seeded, the pulp rather scanty.

Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IJ, 471; Kurz in Journ. As. Soe.

Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2,68; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. I, 492; Wight Ill. II,

14. Jambosa formosa, Walp. Rep. Bot. Il, 191; Blume Mus. Bot. I,

92; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 412. J. mappacea, Korth. in Ned.

Kruidk. Arch. I, 200. 2H. somarangensis, DC. Prod. III, 286.

Perak: King’s Collector 6254; Scortechini.

Only a few specimens of this are to be found from our area in the Herbaria at

Kew and Calcutta, and they have all oblong-lanceolate leaves. In British India

the form with ovate-oblong leaves is the commoner.

1901.1 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 81

2. EUGENIA PERAKENSIS, King n. sp. A glabrous tree, 50 to 70 feet

high: young branches as thick as a swan-quill, brown when dry. Leaves

coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, the apex sub-acute, narrowed gradually to

the cordate, slightly oblique base ; upper surface olivaceous when dry,

the lower pale-brown; main-nerves 12 to 14 pairs, ascending, curving a

little and interarching ‘2 to ‘4 in. from the edge, very prominent on the

lower surface, faint on the upper ; intermediate nerves and reticulations

slender but distinct ; length 12 to 18 in.; breadth 5 to 8 in.; petiole 3

in. very stout. Flowers 1 in. or more across, in fascicles of 6 to 8 from

depressed tubercles on the smaller branches, on peduncles *5 in. long.

Oalyxz-tube campanulate, °5 in. long, contracted into a pseudo-stalk at its

junction with the peduncle: the mouth with 4 broad, rounded lobes

less than 1 in. long. Petals orbicular, longer than the calyx-lobes.

Fruit unknown.

‘Para: King’s Collector 5595.

A species only once collected and the specimens have no fruit; somewhat

. resembling 2. macrocarpa, Rox., but with smaller flowers and larger leaves.

3. Evuaenra savanica, Lamk. Dict. III, 200. <A glabrous tree, 25 to

35 feet high : young branches terete, pale-brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous,

elliptic-oblong, elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, the apex acute or subacute,

slightly narrowed to the rounded (sometimes slightly cordate) base ;

both surfaces pale-brown when dry: main-nerves slightly conspicuous

on the lower surface, 8 to 12 pairs, slightly curved, spreading, interarch-

ing about ‘1 in. from the edge; length 4 to 8 in.; breadth 1°75 to 3°5

in.; petiole ‘1 to °2 in. Flowers 1 in. or slightly more in diam. (exclud-

ing the stamens) white, in axillary or terminal lax pedunculate few-

flowered corymbose racemes: peduncle of racemes from 1 to 1:25 in. in

length; pedicels of flowers *4 to ‘6 in. long. Calyzx-tube clavate-

turbinate, smooth, ‘35 to ‘5 in. long, tapering into a short pseudo-stalk,

the 4 lobes broad, unequal, rounded, blunt, concave. Petals obovate-

orbicular, larger than the sepals. Filaments slender, about ‘75 in, long.

Fruit when quite ripe depressed-turbinate, about 1°5 in. long and 2 in,

broad at th® apex, pale-yellowish, 1- or few-seeded, the endocarp spongy.

Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 474; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

XLV, (1877), Pt. 2, 69; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. I, 494. EH. alba, Roxb.

Hort. Beng. 39; Fl. Ind. II, 493; Wall. Cat. 3612A, 3614 all the

numbers. Jambosa alba, Rumph Herb. Amb. I, 127, t. 39; W. & A.

Prodr. I, 332; Wight Ill. II, 14; Ic. t. 548; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1,

443 (in part). J. samarangensis, Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. I, 201;

Blume Mus. Bot. I, 95. Fambosa macrophylla, DC. Prod. III. 286 (in

part). Myrtus samarangensis, Blume Bijdr. 1084. Jambosa insignis,

- Bl. Mus, Bot. I, 100. Jambosa ambigua, Bl. Mus. Bot. I, 96.

oe it. LE

aly

eP-S

82 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

Maiacca: Griffith 2352, Maingay 748, Hervey. Sincarore: Ridley

8931. ANDAMAN and Nicorar islands (very common). Drstr1n.—Jaya,

Zollinger, 2nd Journey 808, etc.; Timor Laut, Forbes 334; New Guinea

and many of the other islands of the Archipelago.

Distinguished in the group by its shortly petiolate leaves and pedunculate lax*

racemes which are often terminal.

vAR. Roxburghiana, Duthie in Fl. Br. Ind. II, 475; leaves almost

sessile, cordate and amplexicau] at the base, the apex rounded. £. decora,

Wall. Cat. 3608.

4, Evernia JAmpos, Linn. Sp. Pl. 47. A shrub or small glabrous

tree : young branches more or less four-angled, pale-brown, rather slender.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to each end, the

apex acuminate (sometimes almost caudate) the base more abruptly

narrowed to the petiole ; both surfaces pale-olivaceous when dry; the

main-nerves distinct on the lower, 10 to 14 pairs, slightly curved,

ascending, interarching in a rather faint nerve ‘1 in. inside the edge,

the secondary nerves rather distinct, one (sometimes two) between

each pair of primaries ; length 4 to 7 in. ; breadth 1 to 1°6 in. ; petiole ‘25

in. Flowers 2:5 to 3 in. in diam., in few-flowered terminal racemes shorter

than the leaves, the pedicels ‘3 to ‘4 in. long. Calyz-tube turbinate,

‘5 in. long, te lobes 4, broad, short, reflexed, Petals much larger than

the calyx-lobes, obovate-rotund, about ‘5 in. long; filaments 1'5 to 2 in.

long, shorter than the style. Fruit ovoid or globular, 1°5 to 2 in. long,

dull-yellow tinged with pink, smooth, endocarp fleshy and edible,

crowned by the inflexed calyx-lobes. Seeds one or two. Roxb. Hort.

Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. I, 494; Wall. Cat. 3615; Wight Ill. II, 14;

Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind, II, 474. Brandis For. Fl. 233; Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI. (1877) Pt. 2, 69; For. Fl. Brit.

Burm. [, 495. Jambosa vulgaris, DC.; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 93; W.

& A. Prodr. I, 332 ; Bot. Mag. 3356; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt..1, 425;

Wight Ic. 435. Myrtus Jambos, Kunth; Korth. in Ned. Krnidk.

Arch. I, (1846), 200 ; Blume Bijdr. 1085.—Rumph. Herb. Amb. I, 123;

Rheede Hort. Mal. I, 27, f. 17.

Cultivated in most of the provinces : perhaps wild in Perak; Scorte-

chint ; Maingay 735, Cultivated also in British India.

Readily distinguished in this section by its narrow leaves attenuated to each

end and few-flowered terminal racemes,

5, HUuGeNnrIA MALACCENSIS, Linn. Sp. Plantar. 470. A glabrous tree, 30

to 40 feet high ; young branches almost terete (slightly compressed) with

pale bark. Leaves coriaceous, with short but distinct petioles, narrowly

elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, the apex more or less suddenly

acute, the base much tapered to the petiole: when dry the upper

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 83

surface olivaceous the lower pale-brown: main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs,

slightly curved upwards, interarching to form a marginal nerve ‘1 in. to

‘15 in. from the edge ; length 6 to 11 in.; breadth 1:75 to 3 in.; petiole

‘3to 5 in. Flowers 1 to 1°5 in. in diameter, in sessile or shortly peduncu-

late fascicles of three from the branches below the leaves. Calyx-tube

obconic about °5 in. long, tapering into the quarter inch long ebracteo-

late pedicel; calyx-lobes 4, broadly rounded, coriaceous, not reflexed.

Petals orbicular, with a broad claw, the edges thin, about ‘4 in. in diam.

(when dry). Fruit about the size of a hen’s egg, obovate, turbinate to

elliptic-ovoid, smooth and glossy, from pale-rose-coloured to dark-pur-

ple, crowned by the inflexed calyx-lobes, edible. Seed usually solitary.

Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Brit. India, II, 471; Roxb. Fl. Ind. II, 483 ;

Wall. Cat. 3611; Wight Ill. II, 14, t. 98; Kurz in Journ. As. Soe.

Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2,68; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. I, 493. H#. macrophylla,

Lam. Encye. III. 196. Jambosa malaccensis, DC. Prod. III, 286 ; Korth.

in Ned. Kruidk. (1847), 200; Bot. Mag. 4408; W. & A. Prodr, I, 382.

J. purpurascens, DC. Ic. excl. syn. Roxb. J. domestica, Rumph. Herb.

Amb, I, 121, t. 37 (not good) and 38, f.1; DC. lc. 288; Blume Mus.

Bot. I, 91; Mig. FL Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 411. Myrtus macrophylla,

Spreng. ; Blume Bijdr. 1084. M. malaccensis, Spreng.; Blume /c. 1083.

—Burm. FI]. Ind. 114; Rheede Hort. Mal. I, 29, t. 18.

-Doubtfully wild in any of the Provinces, but frequently cultivated

as it also is in Burma, the Malayan. Islands and British India.

The variety with very dark purple ovoid-elliptic fruit was described

as a species by Roxburgh and has the following synonymy :—LHugenia

purpurea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. II, 483; Wight Ill. II, 14;

Te. II, 549. Jambosa purpurea, Wall. Cat. 3610. J. domestica, var.

purpurea, Blume Mus. Bot. I, 92; Mig. l.c—dJ. nigra, Rumph. Amb.

125, t. 38, fig. 1 ?

6. HuGentaA psEUDO-FoRMOSA, Kine n. sp. A glabrous shrub;

young branches slender, sub-terete, compressed near the nodes, pale.

Leaves sub-coriaceous, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acuminate, slightly

narrowed to the rounded base; upper surface olivaceous-brown when

dry, the lower pale yellowish-brown; main-nerves 14 to 20 pairs,

curving upwards, interarching *15 to ‘25 in. from the margin; length 7

to 12 in.; breadth 3 to 5 in.; petiole ‘l or ‘2 in. long, or absent. Flowers

white tinged with red, sessile in densely crowded fascicles or very

condensed cymes at the apices of the branches, ‘6 in. in diam., the buds

globular. Calyx *4 in. long; the tube cylindric-campanulate, the

mouth with 4 broad blunt lobes becoming hardly triangular. Petals

orbicular. Style 1:5 in. long. Stamens and fruit unknown.

Perak: Wray 1809, 3581; King’s Collector 3401, 5889, 6254;

Scortechini. Singapore: Ridley 9520.

ie King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

A species resembling EZ. formosa in its shrubby habit arid its leaves; the latter

are however thinner in texture and they have more numerous nerves. The flowers

of this are however sessile fasciculate and much smaller in size. Wray 3688 and

Ridley 9628, which has its clavate flower buds in very short racemes, is probably a

form of this species. EH, samarangensis DC. much resembles this but has its flowers

in small racemes or panicles.

7, Evoenia parittosa, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br, Ind. II, 495.

A tree 40 to 50 feet high: young branches stout about as thick as a

goose-quill, terete, brown, those of the inflorescence 4-angled. Leaves

coriaceous, somewhat amplexicaul, oblong-elliptic sometimes obovate-

elliptic or lanceolate, subacute or blunt, narrowed to the cordate auricu-

late sub-amplexicaul base; upper surface smooth, shining, dark-olivace-

ous or blackish-brown ; under surface reddish-brown; main-nerves 16

to 20 pairs, curving slightly upwards and interarching ‘1 to ‘2 in. from

the edge, very prominent on the lower surface like the mid-rib, in-

conepianays or depressed on the upper; length 8 to 12 in.; breadth 3

to 5 in.; petiole less than ‘1, very thick. Panicles pedunculate, crowded

at the apices of the youngest shoots or axillary, shorter than the

leaves: the branches mostly short, divaricate, scurfy like the branch-

lets. Flowers (the stamens included ) ‘6 in. long, sessile and collected in

globose-clavate bracteate heads of 5 to 8 at the apices of the branchlets ;

the bracts oblong, blunt, deciduous. Culy# ‘35 in. long, funnel-shaped,

narrowed above the middle to a pseudo-stalk: the limb wide and

with 4 broadly triangular, unequal, reflexed, blunt lobes. Petals orbicular,

three times as long as the calyx-lobes, not much shorter than the

stamens. Fruit unknown. JL. anacardifolia, King MSS.

Matacca; Manigay (K.D.) 737; Holmberg 873. Sincavore: Ridley

3829. Perak: Scortechini ; King’s Collector 2813, 5869, 8475.

8. HuGENrIA pENSIFLORA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 473.

Shrubby, occasionally arboreous, glabrous: young branches compressed,

pale-brown. eaves coriaceous, narrowly elliptic-oblong, acuminate,

the base cuneate, both surfaces glabrous, shining, finely reticulate, the

upper olivaceous (when dry) the lower pale-brown; main-nerves 12 to

20 pairs, slender but distinct on both surfaces (when dry), ascending

slightly, curved and interarching °3 to ‘4 in. from the edge, a second

series of short arches being interposed between these and the margin ;

length 5 to 8 in. ; breadth 1°75 to 2'5 in.; petiole °35 to ‘5 in. Panicles

terminal, many-flowered, compact; the branchlets numerous and few-

flowered. Flower-buds clavate, about 5 in. long just before expansion.

Flowers about ‘75 in. across, white, much tinged with red. Calyx-tube

funnel-shaped, °3 to ‘4 in. long, jointed to a stout pedicel shorter than

itself ; the 4 lobes, ‘15 in. long, unequal, broad, rounded. Petals much

larger than the calyx-lobes, sub-orbicular, much shorter than the

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 85

stamens. Fruit as large as a cherry, rose-coloured, globular, with a

tough smooth epicarp, the apex crowned by the large calyx-lobes. Seed

one, rarely two. Jambosa densiflora, DC. Prod. III, 287; Korth. in Ned.

Kruidk. Arch. JI, 200; Blume Mus. Bot. I, 93; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I,

Pt. 1, 416. Myrtus densiflora, Blume Bijdr. 1087. Hugenia corymbosa,

Roxb. FI. Ind. IIT, 497 ; Wight Ic. 627.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 760/1 762/2 (? 758). Perak: King’s

Collector 738, 43855, 4682, 5721, 5855, 5868, 7065, 8102, 10940; Scor-

techini 149, 743; Wray 544. Sincarore: Ridley 356, 5072. Panane:

Ridley 2646. Penance: Curtis 3431. Disrris.—Sumatra, Java.

A very handsome species somewhat resembling HL. Jambos, L. but distinguished

by its dense terminal panicles of flowers which are individually smaller than those

of that species, also by its broader leaves, and smaller fruit; allied to EH. pendens,

Duthie and EL. garcinifolia, King.

9. HEuGEenIA pPLUMBEA, King n. sp. A_ glabrous tree; young

branches only as thick as a crow-quill, 4-angled, with dark bark. Leaves

thinly coriaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat narrowed at the

base ; both surfaces of a dull leaden colour when dry, the upper shining,

the lower dull; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, prominent on the lower,

depressed on the upper surface ; length 3 to 4in.; breadth 1 to 1°5 in. ;

petiole Lin. Flowers about °75 in. in diam., greenish-white, in terminal

or axillary shortly pedunculate racemes of about three. Calyx ‘6 in.

long, campanulate or widely funnel-shaped, suddenly contracted just

above its insertion on the short pedicel ; the mouth wide, divided into

four broad, rounded segments ‘15 in. long. Petals rotund-reniform,

longer than the calyx-teeth, shorter than the stamens. fruit unknown,

Pprak: on Gunong Pateh, elevat. 3400 feet; Wray 479,

A species resembling this has been collected in Borneo by Mr. Ridley (Herb.

Ridley 9071).

10. HEucenia Scortecurinit, King n. sp. A glabrous shrub or tree:

young branches thicker than a crow-quill, boldly 4-angled, winged below

the nodes. Leaves scantily pellucid-dotted, sub-coriaceous, ovate-oblong

to oblong-lanceolate, acute rarely acuminate, narrowed to the rounded

occasionally minutely cordate base; both surfaces brown when dry, the

lower paler; main nerves 7 to 10 pairs, prominent on the lower surface,

curving upwards, and joining to form a bold nerve -2 in, from the

edge, between which and the edge is a second series of minute arches;

length 4 to 6 in.; breadth 1:35 to 2°35 in.; petiole *15 in. sometimes

absent. hacemes terminal and in the upper leaf-axils, corymbose,

condensed, very much shorter than the leaves, 3- to 9-flowered. Flowers

pale-red, with some yellow in the centre, about ‘65 in. in diam., on very

short pedicels. Calyx shortly and widely campanulate, -4 in. long,

86 G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

smooth, the mouth with very broad short unequal lobes, very little

contracted at the base. Petals red, orbicular, longer than the calyx-

lobes, much shorter than the stamens. Fruit broadly oblong, the apex

truncate and crowned by the thick, deep, cup-shaped calyx, about ‘5 in.

long, the base abruptly contracted into a short pseudo-stalk.

PERAK: Scortechinit 649; King’s Collector 4734, 7801, 10076.

Mauacca: Manigay (K.D.) 736.

This resembles EL. diospyrifolia, Wall., but that species has long-stalked flowers,

with a narrower calyx-tube, and the nervation of the leaves is different. This also

resembles H. coarctata, Blume, which however differs in having pale terete young

branches and larger leaves, and EH. xmula, Blume, from which it differs in the

number of the nerves of the leaves and in its thicker young branches. From

E. macrocarpa, Roxb., this differs in its much thinner quadrangular branches and

much smaller flowers and fruit.

VAR. parvifolia ; leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate, only from 3 to

6 in. long and ‘8 to 1°25 in. broad.

Perak: King’s Collector 3348, 10437.

1]. Hvucenta moniis, King n. sp. A hairy shrub or small tree: young

branches slender, pale-brown, 4-angled like the rachis and branches of

the panicle but not winged, covered with short, thick, brown hairs.

Leaves sub-coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, the apex finely acuminate,

slightly narrowed to the rounded, slightly cordate base ; upper surface

pale olivaceous-brown, subglabrous ; the lower darker and everywhere

covered with hairs like those on the young branches and inflorescence ;

length 8 to 12 in.; breadth 1°75 to 4 in.; petiole ‘1 to ‘2 in. Panicles

terminal, shortly peduuculate, nearly as long as the leaves ; the branches

spreading and more or less trichotomous at their extremities, Flowers

numerous but not crowded, about ‘5 in. across when expanded. Calyz-

tube ‘4 in. long, clavate, densely and minutely scurfy-hairy tapering

much to the short pedicel; the mouth ‘3 in. across, divided into 4

subequal rounded lobes about ‘1 in. long, their edges thin and glabrous.

Petals orbicular, white, much longer than the calyx-lobes. Fruit ovoid-

globose, crowned by the cupular calyx, covered with deciduous scurt-

like hairs, ‘6 in. long. !

Perak: King’s Collector 2686, 2808, 5572, 8387; Wray 2372.

Distris.—Sumatra, Forbes 1475.

12. Evcenra quapratTa, King n. sp. A glabrous tree, 20 to 30

feet high: young branches as thick as a goose-quill, acutely 4-angled

and narrowly winged, pale-brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous, narrowly

oblong, much acuminate, slightly narrowed and cordate at the rounded

base ; upper surface pale olivaceous-brown when dry, the lower darker

brown and often not olivaceous ; main-nerves 20 to 25 pairs, slender,

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 87

distinct, interarching ‘1 in. from the margin ; the reticulations minute ;

length 8 to 10 in.; breadth:1°75 to 2°75 in.; petiole very short ‘05 in.

long. Oymes very short, glomerulate, 3-flowered, pedunculate, solitary

and axillary or in groups of 3 or 4 and terminal, about 2 to 3 in. long ;

their peduncles compressed, 1 to 1°5 in, long. Flowers white, about

75 in. in diam.: calyx-tube 5 in. long, widely campanulate, suddenly

contracted into a long pseudo-stalk, epedicellate ; calyx-lobes 4, unequal,

broad, rounded, only *1 in. long or less, reflexed. Petals orbicular, much

larger than the calyx-lobes. Stamens slightly exceeding the petals.

Fruit unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector 5547.

In shape and nervation the leaves of this somewhat resemble those of H. mollis,

King.

13. EvGenia SCALARINERVIS, King n. sp. A glabrous tree, 20 to 30

feet high : young branches nearly as thick as the little finger, slightly

compressed, pale. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-ovate, sub-acute, the base

rounded and cordate ; upper surface brown slightly tinged with oliva-

ceous (when dry), the lower much paler ; main-nerves 22 to 30 pairs,

very prominent on the lower and depressed on the upper surface, curving

very slightly upwards and interarching ‘15 in, from the margin, the

intermediate nerves rather distinct, the reticulations few and large;

length 10 to 14 in.; breadth 5 to 7 in.; petiole about ‘3 in., stout,

wrinkled when dry. Flowers in much contracted few-flowered terminal

racemes, 1'5 in. or more across. Calya-tube magenta-coloured (fide

collector), smooth, ‘75 in. long, contracted at the base into a pseudo-

stalk -15 in. long and jointed to a pedicel *15 in. long; the mouth

wide, divided into 4 broadly-triangular teeth *15 in. long. Petals

unknown. Style about 1 in. long, the stamens shorter. Fruit (unripe)

globular-ovoid, crowned by the large, wide-tubular, 4-lobed calyx-limb

‘75 in. long.

Perak : King’s Collector 8200; Ridley 3095.

The specimens of this very fine species are scanty and imperfect. It is

distinguished by the great size of its leaves and by the large number and the

prominence of their sub-horizontal nerves.

14. EUGENIA PERGAMENTACEA, King n.sp. A tree ?; young branches

terete, as thick asa quill, pale-brown. Leaves chartaceous-coriaceous,

narrowly elliptic-oblong, abruptly and shortly acuminate, the base

cuneate ; upper surface when dry shining and of a dull leaden-colour ;

the lower brown, both finely and transversely reticulate ; main-nerves

28 to 32 pairs, very regular, straight, slightly ascending, interarching

‘15 in. from the margin, prominent on the lower, depressed on the

upper surface; length 12 to 16in.; breadth 4 to 6 in,; petiole 5

88 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

in., laterally compressed. Panicles 3 or 4 inches long, solitary in the

leaf-axils or in groups of 2 or3 at the apices of the branches; the

branchlets few, short, spreading, bearing 3 or 4 flowers at their apices.

Flowers ‘6 in. in diam. ; depressed globular in bud. Calyx-tube shortly

and widely campanulate, suddenly contracted into a psendo-stalk *1 in.

long : the teeth 4, short, unequal, rounded, inflexed. Petals 4, orbicular-

ovate, pellucid-dotted, not much longer than the stamens, free. Fruit

globular, smooth, crowned by the short calyx-cup, 1 in. in diam., black

when dry. Syzygium subdecussatum, Wall. Cat. 5589 in part.

PENANG: Curtis 1440.

Since the time of Wallich who issued it along with his Syz. subdecussatum

this has been collected by Mr. Curtis only. The elongate leaves of parchment-like

texture with many straight very regular nerves and short panicles and globular

fruit distinguish it.

15. Eugenia Dyeriana, King n. sp. <A tree, 40 to 50 feet high;

young branches as thick as a goose-quill ; young branches terete below,

compressed near the apex, dark-brown. Leaves thickly coriaceous,

elliptic, (oblong in the variety), slightly narrowed at each end; both

surfaces dark-brown when dry and shining; the upper with midrib and

main-nerves impressed, the reticulations invisible; the lower of a

warmer brown colour, the main-nerves and midrib (but not the reticu-

lations) very bold: main-nerves 13 to 20 pairs, slightly curved, ascend-

ing, interarching ‘1 in. or more from the recurved edge; length 7 to 9

in.; breadth 3°5 to 5 in.; petiole ‘4 to ‘6 in.; short. Panrcles narrow,

few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, terminal or from the

upper leaf-axils, usually pedunculate: branches few, short, spreading,

much compressed, the flowers crowded at their apices. Flowers ‘4 in.

across when expanded, sessile, obovoid in bud. Calyx campanulate,

‘*3 in. long, abruptly constricted into a very short pseudo-stalk, the

mouth wide and with4 small rounded lobes. Petals 4, free, not calyp-

trate, orbicular. Stamens white, only ‘25 in. long. Fruit (unripe)

globular, smooth, crowned by the small, short, circular remains of the

calyx, ‘75 in. in diam.

Perak: Scortechini 2018; Wray 2094; King’s Collector 6196, 6404,

6767.

vAR. oblonga ; leaves oblong or narrowly oblong-elliptic, 4 to 8 in.

long and 1:25 to 2°75 in. broad; panicles nearly as long as the leaves.

Perak: King’s Collector 7669.

A species near EH. Clarkeana, King, but with larger leaves with more nerves,

larger flowers but smaller panicles.

16. EvGgenra Hemsteyana, King n. sp, A tree, 30 or 40 feet high :

young branches thinner than a goose-quill, the bark yellowish-grey.

1901.| G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 89

Leaves large, rigidly coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, shortly and

bluntly acuminate, slightly narrowed at the base; both surfaces, but

especially the upper, dark when dry, the upper shining with the nerves

impressed, the lower somewhat paler, dull and the nerves prominent;

main-nerves 20 to 25 pairs, slightly curved upwards and interarching

‘1 to ‘2 in. from the edge : length 6 to 9 in.; breadth 3 to 3°5 in. ; petiole

*3 to °35 in. stout. Panicles mostly on long 4-angled striate peduncles,

terminal, shorter than the leaves, crowded in groups of 6 to 8 at the

apices of the twigs; branches few, a long one often from the very base,

the remaining short (mostly under one inch), all compressed, and each

bearing at its apex a dense capitule of sessile flowers °3 or ‘4 in. across.

Calyx ‘15 in. long, campanulate, contracted and ribbed at the base but

not forming a pseudo-stalk; the mouth with 4 broad, rounded, concave

teeth. Fruit (unripe) globular with numerous bold vertical ribs, the

apex crowned by the calyx-lobes.

Perak: Wray 1803; King’s Collector 6114, 8697.

The species nearest to this is EH. pergamentacea which HORVOVEr has larger leaves,

fewer panicles and considerably larger flowers.

17. EvuGenia PACHYPHYLLA, Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. XLII,

Pt. 2, 332. A glabrous tree: the young branches slender, terete, pale-

yellow when dry. Leaves coriaceous, obovate to obovate-oblong, the apex

abruptly and broadly apiculate, the base cuneate; upper surface oliva-

ceous-brown when dry, the lower pale-brown: main-nerves 12 to 15

pairs, slender but distinct on the lower surface, spreading, slightly

eurved and interarching about *1 in. from the margin, length 3:5 to 5

in, ; breadth 2 to 225 in.; petiole 2 to 3 in. Flowers ‘3 in, in diam.,

in Padumeulate ee cae ened corymbose racemes or panicles axillary or

clustered at the apices of the branches, the common peduncles 1 to 1°5

in, long, those of the branchlets (in the panicles) half as long, all

‘4-angled, the flowers themselves sessile at the apices, the buds globose-

clavate. Calyx in the expanded flower *4 in. long, widely funnel-

shaped, suddenly contracted into a cylindric tube, the 4 lobes of the

mouth about *2 in. long, broad, rounded. Petals sub-orbicular, larger

than the calyx-lobes, Stamens *4in. long. Fruit unknown. Kurz For,

Fl. Br. Burma I, 490; Duthie in Hook. fil. F]. Br. Ind. II, 477,

Matacca: Grifith (K.D.) 2371/1: ee pe (K.D.) 742, Distris.—

Burma, Brandis 1337.

A species poorly represented at Kew and Calcutta: recognised by its obovate

leaves, pale yellow branches, and few-flowered, pedunculate, corymbose_racemes or

panicles,

18. Barn LEPIDOCARPA, Wall. Cat. 3618. A glabrous tree, 40

to 50 feet high: young branches greyish, terete, Leaves coriaceous,

J. 1%, 32

90 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

ovate-oblong to broadly ovate, rarely obovate-oblong, the apex blunt

with a short abrupt point, or sub-acute, the base slightly cuneate, both

surfaces deep-olivaceous brown the upper somewhat shining, the lower

dull: main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, rather straight, slightly ascending

and interarching with an intramarginal nerve close to the edge, not

conspicuous.on either surface: length 3 to 4°5 in.; breadth 1:75 to

2°75 in. ; petiole 3 to 5 in. Panicles mostly in clusters at the apices of the

branches, pedunculate, or shorter than the leaves; branchlets 4-angled,

spreading, few-flowered, the flowers sessile, or nearly so, clustered at

the apices, ‘25 to 3 in. in diam. Calyx clavate-rotund, about ‘2 in. long

just before expansion, vertically ribbed, tapering to the base; the lobes

4, unequal, less than ‘1 in. long, broad. Petals rotund, larger than the

calyx-lobes. Fruit globular-ovoid crowned by the cupular calyx, verti-

cally: ribbed, ‘4 in. in diam. (unripe). Duthie in Hook. fil, Fl. Br. Ind.

II, 466; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2,68. LH. grandis,

Wight var. lepidocarpa, For. Fl. Br. Burma I, 490. |

SINGAPORE: Ridley 1643, 4633, 4657, 4972, 6307, 6308, 8408;

Wallich 3618; Walker; Hullet; King. Matacca: Griffith 2369, 2376,

2373, 2369, 2416 : Maingay 725, 757, 759; Hervey ; Derry. PERAK:

Wray 415, 3907, 3914, 3908 ; King’s Collector 10042. Distris.— Burma,

A species in many respects roseiatined E. grandis, Wight, but with smaller

less shining leaves with fewer nerves and broader in proportion to length: shorter

panicles, smaller flowers which moreover are mostly sessile, a smaller, ribbed

fruit.

19, EvGenra GARCINIFOLIA, King n. sp. A glabrous tree, 60 to 80

feet high ; young branches slender, compressed, 6-ridged, brown. Leaves

thickly coriaceous, elliptic, or elliptic-oblong, the apex with a short

abrupt point, slightly narrowed to the sub-acute or rounded base, the

edges recurved when dry: both surfaces (when dry) shining, conspi-

cuously reticulate, pale-olivaceous brown, the upper rather the darker,

main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, rather prominent beneath, interarching

irregularly ‘2 to °3 in. from the edge, some of the secondary nerves as

prominent as the main ones; the reticulations minute but distinct ;

length 5 to 10 in.; breadth 2 to 35 in.; petiole °2 to‘3 in. Panicles

terminal, spreading, 3 or 4 in. across and scarcely as much long, Flowers

probably ‘on thick striate pedicles ‘25 in. long. Calyx narrowly campa-

nulate, ‘5 in. long, the mouth with 4 unequal, short, rounded teeth.

Petals orbicular. Stamens unknown. Fruit (young) globular-ovoid,

crowned by the 4 triangular calyx-teeth.

PERAK: King’s Collector 4541, 6974. Sumatra: Scortechini 365.

A species allied to E. densiflora, Duthie, but with a less dense inflorescence and

larger flower-buds, The leaves of this moreover are larger and thicker, the reticu-

lations more marked and the edges recurved, 1 '

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 91

20. EUGENIA CRENULATA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br, Ind. IT, 490,

A glabrous tree: young branches as thick as a goose-quill, terete, brown.

Leaves thickly coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-rotund, the apex rounded

but with an abrupt short apiculus, the base cuneate; -both surfaces

(when dry), shining, the numerous reticulations and nerves distinct,

the intramarginal nerve very close to the thickened and slightly crenate

edge ; under surface rather remotely black-pustulate ; length 4 to 5 in.;

Peeadih 2°5 to 4 in.; petiole ‘3 to 6 in. Panicles terminal, nearly as

long as the leaves shinies in bud, (sometimes longer), corymbosely tricho-

tomus, many-flowered ; the peduncle and branches 4-angled, compressed,

the nodes and the insertions of the flowers with minute bracteoles,

Flowers (including the stamens) ‘4 in. long, sessile. Petals 4, calyptrate.

Calyx ‘2 in. long, campanulate with a truncate mouth, contracted for

half its length into a pseudo-stalk. Fruit unknown.

Mauacca: Maingay (K.D.) 739. Sincapore: Ridley 6232.

Recognisable at once by its crenate leaves; only twice collected and evidently

_. rare. The Singapore specimen has thinner leaves and more slender longer panicles

but, in other respects, it agrees with the Malacca one.

21. Eugenia Granpis, Wight Ill. II, 17: Ic. t. 535. A glabrous

tree, 30 or 40 feet high: young branches terete, dark-brown. Leaves

thickly coriaceous, ovate-rotund to ovate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, the

apex rounded with or without an abrupt short blunt point, or sub-

acute or acute, the base always narrowed to the petiole: both surfaces

shining ; and the upper olivaceous, the lower brown when dry: main-

nerves 12 to 14 pairs, curving ppwanie very slightly and interarching, with

an intermarginal nerve ‘1 to ‘2 in. from the edge: the secondary nerves

and lax reticulations slender but distinct like the main ones on both

surfaces, length 3°5 to 7 in.; breadth 1°75 to 4in.; petiole *4 to ‘65 in.

Panicles mostly clustered at the apices of the b inantion! more than

half as long as the leaves, on peduncles 6 to 1:25 in. long; the branches

spreading, an inch or more long. Flowers sessile at the ends of the

branches, 35 to ‘45 in. in diam. when expanded; the buds just before

expansion clavate-rotund, ‘5 in. long. Calyx clavate, tapered. to, the

short pedicel, °35 to °5 in. long, smooth, the 4 lobes concave, orbicular,

about ‘2 in. long, two much larger than the others. Petalsof the same

size and shape as the calyx-lobes. Filaments ‘35 in. long. Lipe fruit

oblong-ovoid, 1:5 in. long, crowned by the cup-shaped calyx-limb,

i-seeded. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. India I, 475; Kurz in Journ, As.

Soc. Beng. XLVI, (1877), Pt. 2, 67; For. Fl. Brit. Burm. I, 489.

E. firma, Wall. Cat. 3603; not of DC, LH. cymosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng.

37; Fl. Ind. II, 492; not of Lam. Jambosa grandis, Blume Mus. Bot. I,

108. J. firma, Blume lc, J. urceolata, Korth. in Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I,

92 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. },

Pt. 1,418 in part. Syzygium grande, Walp. Repert. IT, 180; not of

Wall. Cat. 3554. §. firmwm, Thwaites Enum. 417. 8. montanum,

Thwaites l.c. 116.

Matacoa: Griffith (K.D.) 2368, 2369, 2370, 2371; Maingay 730,

723. Sincapore: Ridley 4633; Hullet. Lanaxawrt: Ourtis. Prnane:

Curtis 7515. Distris.—British India in Burma, Chittagong, Sylhet and

Assam.

A species easily recognised by its thick glossy reticulate leaves, large (mostly)

terminal panicles with large flower-buds and ovoid-cylindric smooth frait crowned

by the cup-shaped calyx-lobes.

Included under this both by Duthie in the Flora of British India and by Trimen

in his Flora of Ceylon, isa Ceylon plant (Thwaites C.P. 2694 which he named

8. insigne). This plant has quite the leaves of E. grandis, but the flower duds are

much larger and if flowers and fruit were available it would probably turn out to be

specifically distinct. H. grandis, Wight, is allied closely to E. lepidocarpa, Wall.

22. Hucenta THumra, Roxb. var. PENANGIANA, King. A medium-

sized tree; young branches somewhat thinner than a goose-quill ; the

bark rough, brown. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceo-

late, sub-acute or bluntly and very shortly acuminate, the base cuneate;

both surfaces dull ; the upper dark leaden-brown, the nerves and midrib

impressed ; lower surface dark-brown, the nerves and midrib promi-

nent ; main-nerves 15 to 20 ree curving upwards, interarching *1 in.

from the edge ; length 4 to 5 in.; breadth 1:8 to 2 in.; petiole ‘3 to ‘5

in. Panicles nearly as long as fd leaves, terminal and axillary, pedun-

culate, lax; the branches numerous, spreading, 4-angled like the pedun-

cle, the smaller compressed. lowers ‘35 in. Jong (including the

stamens), sessile, white, crowded, 5 or 10 together at the apices of the

ultimate branchlets, clavate in bud. Calya funnel-shaped, narrowed for

half its length into a ribbed pseudo-stalk, the mouth with 4 broad,

suborbicular lobes. Fruit unknown.

PenanG: Curtis 2410.

This differs from the typical FE. Thwmra, Roxb., in having narrower leaves with

fewer nerves and rather shorter panicles the branches of which are more acutely

4-angled. Fruit of this is unknown: when found it may yield characters warrant-

ing the separation of this as a distinct species.

23. Eucrnia GrirFitHit, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 481.

A tree, 50 to 80 feet high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill,

their bark brown and rather rough. Leaves coriaceous, oblong or

narrowly elliptic, narrowed about equally at base and apex, both

surfaces dark-brown when dry, shining; main-nerves 15 to 20 pairs,

spreading, rather straight, interarching ‘1 in. from the edge, depressed

on. the upper and prominent on the lower surface, reticulations small,

indistinct ; length 4°5 to 6 in,; breadth 2 to 2'5 in.; petiole 2 to ‘3 in.

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 93

Panicles small, racemose, in clusters of 6 to 8 at the apices of the

branches, few-flowered, unequal in length but all shorter than the leaves

and on more or less long, compressed, dark-coloured peduncles; the

branches few, unequal in length but all under an inch, compressed ;

flowers in threes, sessile at the apices of the branchlets, the buds

clavate. Calyx campanulate, ‘25 in. long, constricted for more than

half its length into a thick pseudo-stalk: the mouth with 4 broad,

rounded lobes. Petals 4, orbicular not calyptrate. Jruit (unripe)

globular-ovoid, slightly corrugated, crowned by the small circular

remains of the calyx.

Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 2375. Perak: Wray 2713; King’s

Collector 6192. Sincarore: Ridley 4980, 4981, 7951.

24, Hucenta Crarkeana, King, n. sp. A tree 30 to 50 feet high ;

young branches as stout as a quill, terete, compressed near tlie nodes,

brown. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong to elliptic, very shortly acumin-

ate, gradually narrowed from about or below the middle to the acute

base; upper surface dark-brown, shining, not reticulate, the nerves

faintly impressed ; lower liver-coloured, rather dull, with numerous small

pustules, the 12 to 16 pairs of curved main-nerves slightly prominent,

the intramarginal nerves about °1 in. distant from the slightly recurved

edge, reticulations invisible ; length 4°5 to 8 in. ; breadth 1°75 to 3 in. ;

petiole -3 to ‘35 in. Panicles mostly terminal, shorter than the leaves,

pyramidal, with many 4-angled, often compressed branches. lowers

sessile, in densely crowded capitules at the apices of the branchlets,

about ‘35 in. across when expanded, white. Petals 4 or 5, free, broadly

oblong, not calyptrate. Calyx widely campanulate, nearly ‘2 in. long,

constricted at the base, rugulose ; its mouth with 4 broad, shallow, blunt

lobes. Fruit globular and 1-seeded or depressed-reniform and 2-seeded,

vertically corrugated when young, rugulose when ripe, shining, black,

crowned by the small circular remains of the calyx ; the globular form

°75 in. or more in diam., the reniform form about 1 in. long and 1°35 in.

‘broad ; pulp none.

Perak: Scortechini 205; King’s Collector 3349, 3491, 3573, 6822,

7811. .

Allied to E. Grifithit, Duthie, but with a single large terminal panicle instead

-of a number of small ones and with smaller flowers.

25. Evgenia corrucata, King n. sp. A tree, 30 to 60 feet high ;

young branches terete but compressed at the apices thinner than a

goose-quill, brown. Leaves as in EH. Clarkeana, but the main-nerves

not depressed on the upper surface, Panicles terminal, short and few-

branched ; the branches terete. Flowers not seen. Fruit globular,

much corrugated and vertically ridged, especially towards the base and

94 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

apex, depressed-globose, the rind ‘25 in. thick, when fully ripe, greenish-

yellow, and 2 to 3 in. in diam.

Perak: King’s Collector 5298, 6987.

26. HUuGENIA PENDENS, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 475.

A small tree with pendent branches: young branches compressed,

slender, brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous, pellucidly dotted, narrowly

oblong-elliptic or elliptic, occasionally somewhat oblanceolate, the apex

shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces

olivaceous when dry: main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, slender, ascending,

slightly curved, interarching ‘2 in. from the margin, secondary nerves

and reticulations indistinct; length 5 to 7 in.; breadth 1:4 to 3 in. ;

petiole ‘3 to 35 in. Panicles terminal, about 2 in. in diam., condensed,

the branchlets about 5-flowered. f'lower-buds globose-clavate, *5 in.

long just before expansion. Flowers when expanded nearly °5 in,

across. Calyx-tube narrowly funnel-shaped, jointed to a pedicel shorter

than itself: lobes short, rounded, subequal, reflexed. Petals orbicular,

longer than the calyx-lobes. Stamens ‘75 in. long. Fruit depressed-

globular, green flushed with red, smooth, crowned by the short reflexed

calyx-lobes, 1 in. in diam. | :

Mauacca: Griffith 2349 ; Maingay 747; Hervey. JoHore: Ridley

4200. Sincarore: Ridley 8048, 8447. Prax: Scortechini 1809, 2021 ;

Wray 3537. Punane: Ridley 10242. Distr1s.—Sumatra, Forbes 1377.

A species allied to #. densiflora, Duthie, but with leaves of thinner texture,

with fewer nerves and no dots. The panicles are also much shorter, fewer-flowered,

and the flowers are smaller,

27. EHucenta Burxiuiiana, King n. sp. A tree, 40 to 60 feet high;

young branches thinner than a goose-quill, brown. eaves coriaceous,

oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces

(when dry) shining, pale brownish-green, the upper pitted, the lower

with black dots, the edges slightly recurved; main-nerves 10 to 14

pairs, ascending and forming wide arches ‘1 to ‘15 in. from the edge,

between which and the actual edge is a second intramarginal nerve,

the secondary nerves and connecting reticulations almost as prominent,

‘all thin and equally visible on both surfaces, all raised: length 2°25

to 3'5 in, ; breadth °9 to 1:25 in.; petiole ‘35 to'5 in. Panicles terminal,

‘sessile, many-flowered, broader than long, much branched, their tops

broadly pyramidal, usually somewhat shorter than the leaves: branches

thick, striate, 4-angled, slightly compressed. Flowers ‘7 in. long includ-

ing the stamens, reddish before expansion, afterwards white, sessile, in

_threes at the ends of the branchlets, clavate in bud. Calyw ‘35 to ‘4 in.

long, striate, funnel-shaped, its lower half gradually narrowed into a

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 95

pseudo-stalk: the mouth with 4 broad, rounded, shallow lobes. Petuls

orbicular, not calyptrate. Fruit unknown.

Perak: Wray 2785, 3070; King’s Collector 4719, 6186.

A species near £, oblongifolia, Duthie, but differing in its leaves, which are of

‘the same colour on each surface and have more distinct nerves and reticulationg

equally visible on both surfaces. The mouth of the calyx too is different, being

deeply 4-lobed.

28. Evaenra Hetrert, Duthie in Hook fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 480.

A considerable tree: young branches indistinctly 4-angled, as thick as

‘a crow-quill, with pale-brown deciduous bark. Leaves narrowly elliptic,

tapered to each end, the apex obtusely and shortly acuminate, the base

cuneate; both surfaces finely reticulate, pale olivaceous-green, the

upper the darker: main-nerves about 12 pairs, faint, interarching close

‘to the edge: the eee nerves very faint; length 2°5 to 3-25 in.;

breadth 1 to 1:25 in.; petiole ‘2in. Panicles terminal, solitary, spread-

ing, about half as ae or sometimes quite as long as the leaves, the

branchlets spreading, their bark exfoliating. lowers in threes at the

ends of the branchlets, about °5 in. across; buds clavate. Calyzx-tube

funnel-shaped, ‘2 in. long, attenuated at the base to a pedicel *2 in. long,

the 4 lobes of the mouth unequal, short, broad, rounded. Petals broadly

orbicular, much longer than the calyx-lobes and half as long as the

stamens, bearing large pellucid glands on the exterior like the calyx-

tube. Fruit unknown.

Penane: Curtis 212. Sincapore: Lobb, Perak: King’s Oideiker

4181, Disrris.—Burma (Tenasserim) Helfer 2418.

Closely allied to FE. ramosissima, Wall., but with smaller flowers.

29. Evuaenta Kurzu, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 478.

‘VAR. ANDAMANICA, King. <A tree: young branches as thick as a crow-

quill, terete, the bark very pale. Leaves thickly membranous, oblong-

elliptic, the base cuneate, the apex shortly caudate-acuminate; upper

‘surface pale-olivaceous brown when dry, shining, remotely pitted, the

main-nerves faint: lower surface paler brown, not olivaceous, the 10 or

12 pairs of main-nerves rather bold, arching upwards and interarching

‘15 to ‘2 in. from the edge; length 4°5 to 6 in. ; breadth 1°85 to 2:25 in.;

petioles ‘3 to'4 in. Punicles from the axils of the upper leaves, or

terminal, shorter than the leaves, often broader than long, spread-

ing, many-flowered; the branches 4-angled, pale. Flowers mostly in

threes at the ends of the branchlets, -6 in. long (including the stamens).

Calyx ‘15 in, long; widely campanulate, narrowed into a thick pseudo-

stalk as long as itself; the mouth wide, with 4 broad, rounded, reflexed

teeth. Petals 4, free, sub-orbicular, reflexed. Stamens four times ag

long as the calyx. Fruit unknown.

96 G, King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

ANDAMAN IsuanDs, at Hobdaypore; King’s Collector.

This differs from typical EZ. Kurzii in having narrower more acuminate leaves

and longer stamens. The young branches moreover have paler bark. Fruit is as

yet unknown, but when found it may afford characters to warrant specific rank for this,

30. EUGENIA ANISOSEPALA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind, II, 481.

A large tree: young branches terete, thinner than a goose-quill, brown,

smooth. Leaves coriaceous, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate,

the base cuneate, both surfaces (when dry) dark-brown, the upper

shining and with the nerves rather faint; the lower paler brown, the

12 to 14 pairs of curved main-nerves rather distinct, interarching ‘1 in.

from the edge, the secondary nerves somewhat distinct; length

2°5 to 3'5 in.; breadth 1 to 1:75 in.; petiole ‘2 to ‘25 in. Punicles

terminal, corymbose, usually shorter than the leaves, the branches

numerous, spreading, rather crowded, 4-angled, the peduncle compressed.

Flowers ‘5 in. long (including the stamens), sessile, clavate in bud, in

threes at the apices of the branchlets. Calyx ‘3 in. long, campanulate-

infundibuliform, its lower half contracted into a pseudo-stalk ; the limb

with 4 unequal, broad, rounded lobes (two being larger and sub-petaloid).

Petals 4; not calyptrate. Fruit unknown. JL. anisosepala, Duthie in

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 481 in part. :

Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 2380, 2381. Maingay (K.D.) 754, -753

(in part). Matacca: Derry 289.

Mr. Duthie remarks that the Griffithian specimens abaxe quoted differ some-

what from those of Maingay inasmuch as they have smaller flowers. With these

Mr. Derry’s single specimen agrees. Maingay’s specimens have a much larger more

spreading panicle, with smaller flowers, The material is very poor and I think: it is

likely that, when more is forthcoming, it will be found that two species are mixed

under the name E. anisosepala, Duthie.

31. Eucenta GaGeAna, King n. sp. A tree, 40 to 50 feet high :

young branches thinner than a goose-quill, terete, compressed at the

nodes, brown (when dry). Leaves thickly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate,

bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate; upper surface dull-brown, the

midrib thin and depressed, the main-nerves faint: lower surface paler

brown, the midrib thick and the reticulations and secondary nerves

numerous and distinct; the main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs, curving up-

wards and interarching *1 in. from the edge: length 5 or 6 in.; breadth

1:5 to 2°25 in.; petiole ‘25 to °3 in. Panicles terminal, about half as

long as the sakes, sessile, corymbose, many-flowered, branching from

the base; branches stout, spreading, obtusely 4-angled. Flowers sessile,

in threes at the apices of the branchlets, globose-clavate in bud.’ Calyz

narrowly campanulate, rather abruptly narrowed into a pseudo-stalk

‘about ‘05 in. in length. Fruit unknown. |

Perak: King’s Collector 7563.

a ad

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 97

32. HucentA Horietiana, King n. sp. A tree, 20 to 25 feet high ;

_ young branches thicker than a crow-quill, terete, brown. Leaves thinly

coriaceous, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, with an abrupt, broad, short, apical

acumen, the base cuneate, the edge slightly recurved; upper surface

somewhat shining, dull-olivaceous ; the lower tinged with brown ; main-

nerves numerous, about ‘1 in. apart, rather straight, curving upwards

at the ends only and there interarching less than -05 in. from the edge,

faint on the upper surface and only slightly conspicuous on the lower,

the midrib depressed on the upper surface convex on the lower: reti-

culations almost invisible on the upper, not prominent on the lower

surface; length 3:25 to 4:5 in. ; breadth 1:5 to 2 in.; petiole ‘3 to

‘4,in. Panicles axillary and terminal, as long or nearly as long as the

leaves, rather lax, pedunculate; the branches few, spreading, 4-angled,

compressed. lowes pale-green, (the stamens white), in groups of

three, sessile at the ends of the branches, about ‘5 or ‘6 in. long

(including the stamens), clavate in bud. Calyx about ‘25in. long,

funnel-shaped, the lower two-thirds cylindric and vertically ribbed ;

the mouth wide, divided into four broad, rounded lobes. Petals 4 sub-

orbicular, reflexed, free. Fruit unknown.

Perak : King’s Collector 7470. Distris.—Sumatra, Ridley 8973.

A species resembling in many respects H. glauca, King, but with larger flowers

and differently veined leaves.

33. HEUGENIA CHLORANTHA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 487.

A small glabrous tree: young branches thin, dark-brown, sub-terete.

Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, the apex shortly and abruptly

acuminate, the base cuneate, both surfaces olivaceous-green when

dry : main-nerves numerous, interarching less than ‘1 in. from the edge,

thin but distinct, the secondary nerves and reticulations also

distinct : length 4°5 to 6 in.; breadth 2 to3 in.; petiole ‘3 to ‘35 in.

Panicles much shorter than the leaves, axillary and terminal, diva-

ricate, many-flowered, condensed, trichotomous, the branchlets com-

pressed, 4-angled, short. Flowers *3 in. in diam. (excluding the sta-

mens), sessile, clavate. Calyx ‘35 in, long, contracted into a thick, ridged

pseudo-stalk for more than half its length, the mouth with 4 short

thick, broad, rounded, spreading or reflexed lobes. Petals orbicular,

greenish, not calyptrate. Fruit sub-globular, smooth, crowned by the

prominent reflexed or spreading calyx-teeth, ‘3 to 4 in. in diam.

Matacca : Griffith (K.D.) 2385 ; Maingay (K.D.) 733. SINGAPORE :

Ridley 445, 3910, 5823, 9220. Panana: Ridley 1096. Prnane: Curtis

180, 1448; Ridley 7957, 7952, 10190. JoHorE: Ridley 9181. Perak :

King’s Collector 1277, 4082, 4220, 4076, 6765, 5619, 7511, 8535. Disrrip,

—Sumatra, Forbes 3098.

J. uw. 18

98 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

Although the petals of this are greenish, the stamens are of a brilliant red

colour and as these are more permanent than the petals the specific name is some-

what misleading. There are however some specimens in which the petals are

distinctly stated by the collector to be red. |

In the Herbarium the species is readily recognised by the large persistent

spreading calyx-lobes which crown the fruit and by the greenish colour of the

leaves.

34, EUGENIA PENANGIANA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 486.

A slender glabrous tree, 40 to 80 feet high: young branches sub-terete,

ribbed, those of the inflorescence 4-angled, all pale when dry. Leaves

coriaceous, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate rarely oblanceolate, obtusely

acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces yellowish when dry, the

lower slightly paler ; nerves numerous spreading not prominent on either

surface; length 2 to 3 in. rarely 4 in.; breadth *75 to 1°75 in, ; petiole

‘Lto*l5 in. Panicles mostly terminal, but a few axillary, 1 to 3 in.

long, on slender peduncles, the branchlets numerous divaricate, each

bearing at its apex 3 to 5 sessile, white, clavate flowers *5 or ‘6 in. long.

Calyx about *4 in. long (longer in fruit), funnel-shaped, abruptly taper-

ing to the base, ribbed (when dry), the limb with 4 or 5 short often

obscure teeth. Petals orbicular, equal in number to the calyx-lobes, free.

Stamens short. Fruit elongate, gradually tapered to the base from the

truncate apex, crowned by the cupular, entire calyx-limb, ‘5 or ‘6 in.

long.

Panana: Maingay (K.D.) 744; Curtis 198, 2790, 2972. Perak:

Scortechini 132, 184, 1368, 3410, 5651, 6965; Wray 3066. Matacca:

Derry 1177.

It is possible that two species may be covered by the preceding description as

some of the specimens have smaller thinner leaves and flowers with more constricted

pseudo-stalks than the type specimen (Maingay 744) on which Mr. Duthie founded

the species.

35. Euaunis Ripueyi, King n, sp. ¢A tree; young branches

thinner than a goose-quill, terete, the bark brown, rather rough. Leaves

thinly coriaceous, oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, the

base cuneate; both surfaces rather dull when dry, the upper dark

olivaceous brown, the nerves impressed; the lower pale warm brown,

the midrib and nerves very prominent; main-nerves 7 to 10 pairs,

curving upwards and interarching far from the edge, the secondary

nerves prominent but the reticulations obscure; length 3°5 to 45 in. ;

breadth 1:25 to 2 in.; petiole 4 +0 °5 in. Panicles axillary and terminal,

half as: long as the leaves, the terminal sometimes as long, broad, the

branches few and spreading horizontally, compressed especially at the

nodes, Flowers °3 in. long (including the stamens), green, sessile, the

buds clavate; calyx *2 in. long, campanulate ahove, abruptly narrowed

;

‘

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 99

for half its length into a minutely granular pseudo-stalk; the mouth

with 4 large, rounded lobes. Petals not calyptrate, three times as long

as the calyx-lobes, ovate-rotund and jlike the latter reflexed in flower.

Fruit unknown.

SINGAPORE: (in the “ garden jungle’’), Ridley 3706, 6416, 6419,

5728, 6233. Penang: Curtis 3010.

Notable for its green flowers.

36. HUGENIA pyriroulA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 487.

A tree 20 to 40 feet high; young branches thicker than a crow-quill,

pale, terete (the very youngest 4-angled), brownish-white. Leaves

coriaceous, elliptic-oblong or oblong-lancéolate, occasionally obovate-

elliptic, shortly and rather bluntly cuspidate, or cordate-acuminate, the

base cuneate; upper surface (when dry) dark olivaceous-brown, shining,

‘the main and secondary nerves and also the midrib depressed, the

latter prominent, the former faint; lower surface paler and duller than

the upper and the nerves and reticulations rather more prominent, the

midrib bold and convex, the former faint; lower surface paler and

duller than the upper ; length 2°5 to 4 in.; breadth 1 to 1°75 in.; petiole

‘25 to ‘35 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, shorter or longer than the

leaves, laxly branched, corymbose or pyramidal, many-flowered, the

branches spreading, slender, acutely 4-angled, bracteoles at the bases

of the branches and at the bases of the flowers minute, subulate,

deciduous. Flowers white, ‘4 in. long (including the calyx), clavate in

bud, sessile in groups of two, three or more at, the ends of the branch-

lets; calyx slightly over ‘2 in. in length, funnel-shaped, vertically

striate, the mouth with 4 broad, shallow, rounded teeth. Petals reni-

form-orbicular or orbicular, dotted outside, free. Fruit depressed-

globular, crowned by the narrow tubular remains of the calyx, not

pulpy, °75 in. in diam. when ripe. H. twmida, Duthie l.c. 487. Syzygium

pyrifolium, Wall. Cat. 3584; DC. Prodr. III, 261 (Syzyg.) ; Korth. in

Ned. Kruidk. I, 204; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 457. Calyptranthes

pyrifolia, Blume Bijdr. 1090.

In all the provinces except the Andaman and Nicobar Islands:

common.

37. Hucenta tineata, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 487.

A tree 30 to 60 feet high; young branches thicker than a crow-quill,

terete, their bark pale- bien, Leaves thinly coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate

or narrowly elliptic, rather abruptly and shortly acuminate, the base

cuneate; upper surface (when dry) olivaceous-brown, shining, some-

times minutely pitted; the nerves numerous, indistinct, the midrib

depressed; lower pale-brown, not olivaceous, the main-nerves more

distinct than on the upper, close together, the neighbouring ones

100 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

connected throughout their whole length by curving loops; length

2:75 to *4 in.; breadth 1°1 to 1°75 in.; petioles ‘25 to ‘35 in. Panicles

terminal and from the upper leaf-axils, shortly pedunculate, lax, longer

than the leaves ; branches numerous divaricate, 4-angled, the younger

also compressed. lowers ‘4 or *5 in. long (including the stamens),

sessile in twos or threes at the apices of the branchlets, the buds clavate.

Calyx narrowly funnel-shaped, gradually tapering to the base, striate ;

the mouth with 4 rather deep, broad, rounded, concave lobes. Petals 4,

orbicular, reflexed. Fruit ovoid, crowned by the thick, short, wide,

4-toothed calyx, black and shining when ripe, one-seeded, not pulpy,

*3 in. long and ‘2 in. in diam. LH. corymbosa, Wall. Cat. 3566 F. Jambosa

lineata, DC. Prod. III, 287; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt.1,428. Clavimyrtus

lineatus, Blume Mus. Bot. I, 116. Myrtus lineata, Blume Bijdr. 1087.

In all the provinces except the Nicobar and Andaman Islands:

common. Distris.—The Malayan Archipelago.

A widely distributed species and varying as to size of leaf and also of flower-bud.

In some specimens some of the nerves are of a dark colour on the lower surface.

This is often confused with HL. rubricunlis, Miq., which is itself a somewhat doubtful

Species.

38. Eugenia cymosa, Lamk, Dict. III, 109 (not of Roxb.). A shrub

or small tree; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, terete, pale.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, (narrowly oblong-

lanceolate in VAR. concinna), caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate; both

surfaces when dry brown, the upper tinged with olivaceous, the numer-

ous nerves and reticulations distinct on the lower less so on the upper ;

length 2 to3 in.; breadth 1 to 15 in.; petiole -15 to ‘3 in. Pamicles

numerous, axillary and terminal, an inch or two in length, the terminal

twice as long, lax, the branches few, spreading, slender, compressed, with

3 or 4 flowers at their apices, Flowers sessile, white, *35 in. long (includ-

ing the stamens), Calyx campanulate, abruptly contracted into a pseudo-

stalk, the mouth with 4 small triangular lobes. Petals 4, orbicular,

free. Fruit almost globular, the size of a pea, blueish-black, pulpy, 1-

or 2-seeded, (if 2-seeded transversely oblong in shape). Wight Ill. I,

17; Ic. t. 555; Kurz in Journ. As, Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 67; For.

Fl. I, 486. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 482. Syz. cawdatum,

Wall. Cat. 3591. 8S. viminewm, Wall. Cat. 3533 °?. S. concinnum, Wall.

Cat. 3582. 8S. nelitricarpum, T. & B. in. Nat. Tidsch. Ned. Ind. XXV.

S. cymosum, DC. Prodr. HI, 259; Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. I,

202 ?. H. nigrescens, Poir. Suppl. III, 123?. EH. rhodomelea, Commers.

in DC. Prodr. lc. Jambosa tenuicuspis, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 431.

Myrtus cymosa, Spreng.; Blume Bijdr. 1086.

In all the provinces. Disrris.—Burma, Sylhet and Assam, Java.

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 101

VAR. concinna (sp. Wall.); leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate,

caudate-acuminate.

Perak: King’s Collector 10521. Distris.—Burma, Wallich 3582.

39. EUGENIA CONGLOMERATA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br, Ind. IT,

497. A large tree; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, ob-

scurely 4-angled, blackish-brown, smooth : the older terete, grey, striate.

Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolate, sub-acute or blunt, much tapered to

the base: upper surface (when dry) blackish-brown, shining; the

lower liver-coloured, somewhat dull, minutely black-dotted; main-

nerves 18 to 20 pairs, spreading, curved, faint, more distinct on the

upper than on the under surface, the midrib stout on the lower surface,

the edges slightly recurved; length 3 to 4'5 in.; breadth ‘8 to 1°75 in. ;

petiole ‘2 to 35 in. Inflorescences generally 2 or 3 together from small

tubercles on the naked branches below the leaves, consisting usually of

few-flowered capitula on short peduncles from ‘25 to ‘5 in. long, or

of solitary flowers from the bases of the peduncles. Flowers small,

sub-globular or campanulate, only about ‘] or ‘15 in. long, sessile.

Calyx widely campanulate; the limb with 4 rounded lobes. Petals

4, free. Fruit pisiform, smooth, crowned by the 4 calyx-lobes and also

by the stamens, red, smooth.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 745. Singapore: (near the Botanic

Garden), Ridley 5073.

40. HuGeNnIA uRcEOLATA, King. A tree, 30 to 60 feet high: young

branches rather thinner than a goose-quill, 4-angled, with pale brownish-

yellow, striate bark. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, elliptic, or

obovate-elliptic, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate ; upper

surface (when dry) dark-brown, shining, pellucid-dotted; the lower

warm-brown, with black dots: main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs, curving

upwards and interarching *1 in. or more from the edge; length 5 to 7

in.; breadth 2 to 3:25 in.; petioles °25 in. long. Flowers from small

axillary tubercles, solitary, fasciculate or in small panicles, (often

several from one axil), much shorter than the leaves and with a few

(usually about 3) very short, slender, spreading, 4-angled branches

powdered with ferrugineous scurf. Flowers about ‘35 in. across (includ-

ing the stamens). Calyx an open, rotate cup on a short, thin stalk, the

margin divided into 4 broad, sub-orbicular, blunt, spreading, concave

lobes. Petals 4, orbicular, free, spreading. Fruit turbinate, about °5

in. in diam., crowned by the short calyx-limb. Jambosa urceolata,

Korth. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. I, (1847), 202; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I,

Pt. 1, 418 (excluding all the synonyms).

Perak: Wray 2423, 2609, 2928, 3134, 3248; King’s Collector 1908,

2317, 713, 3345, 4262, 6665, 6682, 6600, 10677, 10780. SuLAncor:

102 G, King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

Ridley 7336. Sincarore: Ridley 256, 4975. Matacca: Ridley. DisrRis.

—Sumatra.

The rotate 4-lobed calyx distinguishes this species.

41, Evuegenta euauca, King n. sp. A tree, 40 to 50 feet high;

young branches somewhat thicker than a crow-quill, terete; the bark

pale-brown and flaky. eaves coriaceous, oblong- or ovate-lanceolate,

often obovate-lanceolate, sub-acute or blunt and with a short blunt point ;

upper surface (when dry) olivaceous-brown and shining, the lower

glaucous (not glaucous in VAR.) ; the numerous nerves and reticulations

very distinct on both surfaces, edge slightly recurved, (not recurved in

vak.) the intramarginal nerve very close to it; length 2°25 to 4 in.;

breadth 1 to 2in.; petiole ‘25 to '3in. Flowers few, sessile, ‘3 in. long

(including the stamens) and as much wide, in racemes or small, few-

branched, axillary or terminal panicles 3 or 4 inches long (often several

together), with compressed, 4-angled rachises. Calya-limb, a wide

shallow cup with 4 broad, shallow, deciduous lobes, afterwards truncate-

erose, below narrowed into a thin pseudo-stalk. Petals 4, orbicular,

clawed, free, reflexed. Fruit unknown.

Penana: Ourtis 1152, 2228. Perak: Redley 3086. Matacca:

Derry 1184.

Distinguished by its much reticulate leaves glaucous beneath and its few-

flowered inflorescence.

VAR. pseudo-glauca, King; like the type but with thinner narrower

and more acute leaves with no tendency to be obovate, not glaucous

beneath and the edges not recurved.

Perak: frdley 3108, 8386. The Dindings; Curtis 3440.

42. HUGENIA suBRUFA, King n. sp. A tree, 20 to 30 feet high:

young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, terete, grey or pale-brown

-atter the defoliation of the thin, flaky, brown bark. Leaves thickly

coriaceous, narrowly elliptic or elliptic-ovate, shortly acuminate, the

base cuneate ; upper surface (when dry) pale olivaceous-brown slightly

shining, the midrib, nerves and reticulations depressed ; lower reddish,

dull, the midrib and nerves prominent: main-nerves about 8 pairs,

curving upwards, interarching at less than ‘1 in. from the edge to form

a somewhat faint intramarginal line, the edges recurved; length

3°5 to 9 in.; breadth 1:5 to 2 in.; petiole 3 to ‘4in. Panicles terminal

and axillary, pedunculate, the few branches very short and crowded at

the apex of the peduncle; both peduncle and branches 4-angled.

Flowers ‘5 in. long (including the stamens), sessile, in threes at the

apices. of the very short (‘1 in. long) branches, clavate-obovoid in bud.

Calyx campanulate, funnel-shaped, reduced for a third of its length to a

190}.| G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 103

stout, wrinkled pseudo-stalk: the mouth undulate and with 4 broad

shallow deciduous teeth. Fruit ovoid, smooth, crowned by the wide

circular remains of the calyx, *4 in. long (unripe) and °35 in. in diam.

Sincarore: Ridley 4588, Penane: Curtis 194.

vaR. robusta, King; leaves larger (3'5 to 55 long and 1°5 to 2°2 in.

broad) than in the typical form, and young branches thicker. Panicles

several, terminal, 2 to 2'5 in. long; the branches more numerous than

in the type form and not crowded at the apex, the lower as much as

‘4 in, long.

Prenane: Ourtis 194, 1448, 3275.

A very rare but distinct species readily recognised by its short panicles, com-

paratively large flowers, and by the boldness of the midrib and of the few nerves on

the under surface of the leaves which when dry are of a conspicuous terra-cotta

colour.

43. Kucgenita Dutuigana, King n. sp. A tree, 40 to 70 feet high ;

young branches thicker than a crow-quill, the bark brown, rather rough.

- Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, ovate-elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, shortly

acuminate, the base cuneate ; both surfaces brown when dry and rather

dull, the lower slightly the paler; main-nerves 4 to 8 pairs, curved,

ascending, interarching far from the edge (about ‘15 in.), impressed.

on the upper, faintly prominent on the lower surface ; the secondary

nerves almost as prominent as the main ones; the reticulations indis-

tinct on the lower, invisible on the upper surface ; length 3 to 5 in. ;

breadth 1:25 to 2:25 in.; petiole ‘15 to ‘2 in. facemes slender, 1 to 2

inches long, slender, solitary, clustered, terminal or axillary, the rachis

dark, 4-angled. lowers few, sessile, clavate in bud, sometimes clus-

tered at the apex of the rachis. Calyx ‘2 in, long, funnel-shaped, half

of it contracted into a pseudo-stalk, the mouth wide and with 4 broad,

rounded teeth. Petals reflexed, orbicular, white. fruit clavate when

young, becoming almost globular when ripe, rugulose, crowned by the

wide circular remains of the calyx, *75 in. long and 65 in. in diam.

Perak: King’s Collector 3966, 4218, 6268; Scortechini. Matacca:

Derry 256. Penanea: Curtis 653. Sincapore: Ridley 3864, 4982, 8400.

A species resembling HL. minutiflora, Mig., but with larger flowers and more

numerously nerved leaves. It is named after Mr. J. F. Duthie, F.L.S., who

elaborated the Myrtacexe for Hooker’s Flora of British India.

44, HKoaenta potyantna, Wight Ill. 17; Icones 543. A tall, slender

tree ; young branches rather thicker than a crow-quill, brown. Leaves

thinly coriaceous, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, sometimes oblong-

oblanceolate, shortly and bluntly acuminate, the base cuneate: upper

surface (when dry) dark-brown, shining, the nerves scarcely visible ;

lower paler brown, dull, with numerous minute black dots; main-nerves

104 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

8 to 10 pairs, spreading, slightly curved upwards at the ends and inter-

arching less than ‘1 in. from the edge, slightly prominent on the lower

surface: length 3 to 4:5 in.; breadth 1 to1°5 in.; petiole ‘2 to ‘3 in.

Panicles numerous, from the young branches below the leaves, or rarely

axillary, 1 to1°5 in. long; the rachis and short divaricate branches

slender, compressed, 4-angled. Flowers at the ends of the branchlets,

usually in threes, white, sessile. Petals 4, orbicular, free. Calyx a

little more than ‘1 in. long, campanulate, constricted for one-third of

its length into a pseudo-stalk, rugulose, shining: the mouth with 4 deep,

rounded lobes. Fruit much depressed-globular if one-seeded, broader

than long if two-seeded, always much depressed and crowned by the

circular remains of the calyx, black, hard, without pulp, ‘15 in. long and

of the same width if globular, and more than twice as broad if

2-seeded.- Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 496. EH. nitida, Duthie

Le. HH. lucidula, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 444. ? Myrtus cymosa, BI.

Bijdr. 1086. é

In all the provinces, except the Nicobars and Andamans: common.

Distr1B.— Malay Archipelago, Burma.

45. Huaenta Manu, King n. sp. A tree, 20 to 30 feet high : young

branches about as thick as a crow-quill, pale-brown, terete. Leaves

membranous, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, the apex acuminate, the base

cuneate ; both surfaces brown when dry, the lower much paler than the

upper and with numerous small black dots; main-nerves 5 or 6 pairs,

curved, ascending, interarching ‘1 to‘l5 in. from the edge; reticula-

tions large, indistinct on the lower and invisible on the upper surface ;

length 3°5 to 4:5 in. ; breadth 1°5 to 2 in.; petiole °2to‘4in, Panicles

mostly shorter than the leaves, crowded, from the axils of leaves and of

fallen leaves, usually shorter than the leaves, the branches few and

slender (one often from the very base), compressed. Flowers clustered

at the apices of the filiform branchlets, often numerous and crowded,

sometimes few, whitish-red in colour, globular in bud. Calyw ‘15 in.

long, campanulate, abruptly contracted into a short pseudo-stalk; the

mouth with 4 deep, ovate-rotund lobes. Petals 4, rotund, slightly longer

than the calyx-lobes, free, not calyptrate. Fruit depressed-globular,

minutely rugulose, crowned by the small circular remains of the calyx,

4 in. broad and slightly less from base to apex.

ANDAMAN Istanps: King’s Collectors.

Named in honour of Mr. E. H. Man, C.LE., Deputy Commissioner of the

Andamans, who has for years given most cordial help in the botanical exploration of

the Andaman and Nicobar groups. A species related to H. polyantha, Wight, but

with larger fewer-nerved leaves, and rather longer flowers and fruit. Also near

E. operculata, Roxb.

‘1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 105

46. Hucenta caupata, King. A glabrous bush or small tree;

young branches very slender, -sub-terete, the bark pale-grey or brown.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, caudate-acumin-

ate, the base cuneate; both surfaces pale-brown when dry, the lower

palest; nerves numerous, spreading, scarcely visible; length 1°75 to ‘3 in. ;

breadth °75 to l-lin.; petiole:15 to'3 in. Racemes on slender peduncles,

axillary or terminal, shorter than the leaves, laxly 3- to 5-flowered.

Flowers ‘25 in. across, on slender pedicels *1 to ‘2 in. long, (longer in

fruit). Calyx °2 in. long, campanulate, contracted at the very base

into a very short pseudo-stalk (less than a quarter of its length), the

mouth with 4 short, broad, blunt, deciduous teeth. Petals orbicular,

about twice as long as the short stamens, deciduous. Fruit at first

ovoid, afterwards nearly globular, ‘5 in, long, smooth, crowned by the

cupular, short, 4-toothed calyx-limb. Myrtws caudata, Wall. Cat. 3631.

Singapore: Wallich.. Penana: Curtis 654. Perak: Curtis 2007;

Scortechini 392, 444; King’s Collector 3654, 4241, 6262; Wray 472,

1176, 1574, 2824, 3208, 5341.

A species rather easily recognised by its small caudate-acuminate, lanceolate,

indistinctly-nerved leaves and few-flowered, lax racemes. Wallich also issued under

his No. 3591 a plant to which he gave the name Syzygiwm caudatum. It differs

much from this and is in fact Hugenia cymosa, Lamk.

47, HuGENIA FILIFORMIS, Wall. Cat. 38578. A glabrous tree, 30 to

50 feet high, with slender drooping branches: young branches very

slender, terete, dark-coloured. Leaves coriaceous, small, pellucid-dotted,

lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, shortly caudate-acuminate, the base

cuneate: both surfaces greenish-brown when dry: the nerves numerous,

a few slightly conspicuous, the others very faint; length 1°75 to 3 in.;

breadth ‘75 to 1:2 in.; petiole *15 to ‘2 in, slender. Racemes slender,

very lax, few-flowered, axillary and terminal, as long as or longer than

the leaves. Jlowers ‘75 in. long including the stamens, inserted on the

slender rachis by filiform pedicels ‘75 to 1:25 in. in length. Calyx

-funnel-shaped, attenuated for half its length into a slender pseudo-

stalk; the limb with 4 broad, blunt, reflexed lobes nearly ‘1 in. long.

Petals orbiculav-reniform, reflexed, -25 in. long. Ripe fruit elliptic-

ovoid to sub-globular, smooth, ‘75 in. long, crowned by the calyx-lobes.

Duthie in Hook. fil.. Fl. Br. Ind. II. 478. Syzygium filiforme and

S. capillare, Wall. Cat. 3580 and 3578. Clavimyrtus virens, Blume Mus.

Bot. Lugd. Bat. I, 114.

Singapore: Wallich; Hullett; Ridley 4569. Penance: Wallich ;

Ourtis 1090, 1443. Manacca: Griffith (K.D.) 2389; Maingay (K.D.)

721; Derry 451, 471. Parax: King’s Collector 2321, 5601, 5861, 5925,

6708; Wray 1192, 3262; Ridley 9640.

J. i. 14

106 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. ],

48. HuGentiA anpAMANicAa, King n. sp. A small glabrous tree:

young branches slender, with greyish-brown rather rough bark. Leaves

coriaceous, rotund-ovate to rotund, with a very short abrupt blunt

apiculus, obscurely crenate near the apex, abruptly tapered to the base ;

nerves numerous invisible on the upper shining surface and faint on

the dull lower surface, curving upward, interarching close to the margin ;

length 1°5 to 2°5 in.; breadth 1 to 2 in.; petiole ‘3 or ‘4 in. Panicles often

as long as the leaves, crowded, pedunculate, axillary and terminal, the

branchlets usually trichotomous, 4-angled, bearing 3 or 4 sessile flowers

at their apices, Flowers about ‘5 in. long, clavate, the calyx contracted

into a pseudo-stalk more than half of its length, the mouth with 4 erect,

equal, triangular, acute teeth. Petals 4, orbicular, calyptrate. Fruit

unknown.

AnpAMAN Istanps: King’s Collector.

49. Houcenta Hosrana, Kingn.sp. A glabrous tree, 30 to 40 feet high:

young branches thinner than a goose-quill, pale greyish-yellow, terete,

the very youngest quadrangular. J.eaves coriaceous, elliptic to elliptic-

oblong, abruptly and shortly caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate ;

upper surface dark-brown leaden and shining when dry, the lower pale-

brown and dull; main-nerves 15 to 20 pairs ascending very little,

almost straight, interarching ‘1 in. from the edge; length 4°5 to 7 in. ;

breadth 1°75 to 2'5 in.; petiole ‘15 to ‘3 in. Racemes axillary and

terminal, solitary, not more than 1 in. long, the rachis with 2 deep

grooves. Flowers white, ‘35 in. long, exclusive of the stamens, sessile,

enveloped in several sub-ovate leathery bracts as long as themselves.

Calyzx-tube widely campanulate, contracted slightly at the base but not

into a pseudo-stalk ; its texture very leathery ; its mouth with 4 blunt,

obtuse lobes. Petals orbicular. Fruit unknown.

Perak: Scortechini 163; Wray 2952 ; King’s Collector 3407. 3

50. Evucenta Bengamina, King n. sp, <A glabrous shrub or small

tree : young branches thin, terete, pale-brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous,

conspicuously pellucid-dotted on both surfaces, narrowly elliptic, some-

times oblanceolate-elliptic, with an abrupt, narrow, short apiculus half

an inch or more in length, the base cuneate : both surfaces pale yellowish-

or greenish-brown when dry ; the nerves very numerous, distinct like

the reticulations, interarching near the margin; length 2°5 to 3 in.;

breadth 1 to 1°5 in.; petiole ‘15 in. slender. AMucemes axillary or termi-

nal, shorter than the leaves, few-flowered. Flowers ‘5 to ‘6 in. long,

(including the stamens), sessile on short stout pedicels. Calyx clavate,

the mouth with 4 broad, blunt lobes. Petals orbicular, with thin edges.

Fruit when young covered with large convex pellucid glands, crowned

by the deeply 4-lobed calyx-limb ; when ripe depressed-globular, the

calyx-limb reduced to a ring, J in, long and 1 to 14 in, broad.

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 107

PERAK: Wray 2623, 2797, 3204; King’s Collector 7306. DIsTRIB.—

Sumatra, Forbes 2046.

Named from the resemblance of its leaves to those of Ficus Benjamina, Linn.

The Perak specimens have no ripe fruit on them and the description of it above

given is taken from Forbes’s Sumatra specimens which agree in leaf absolutely with

those collected in Perak.

51. Evgenia variotosa, King n. sp. <A glabrous shrub, 12 to 20

feet high: young branches slender, 4-angled, pale-brown, profusely

dotted, like the leaves on both surfaces and the flowers, with large

pellucid glands. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, rarely

elliptic-oblong, caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces

when dry pale-brown; main-nerves 12 to 15 pairs slightly prominent

on the lower surface (when dry), ascending, rather straight, interarching

‘1 to ‘15 in. from the margin, secondary nerves and reticulations indis-

tinct: length 5°5 to 7 in.; breadth 1°35 to 2°5 in.; petiole ‘2 to ‘3 in.

Racemes axillary and terminal, crowded, only about 1 in. long. Flowers

white, ‘4 in. across, on stout pedicels less than ‘i in. long. Calya-tube

narrowly campanulate, ‘2 in. long, the mouth with two very unequal

pairs of rounded teeth. Petals orbicular, thick in the centre, much

shorter than the stamens. Style about *5 in. long. Fruit globular:

smooth, prominently glandular-dotted, crowned by the short calyx, ‘8 in.

in diam.

Parak: Scortechini; King’s Collector 3415, 3995, 6036, 10437.

SINGAPORE: Ridley 8411, 8449. Sepancor: Ridley 4973.

Distinguished by having prominent pustule-like glands on all its parts.

52. Hucenia ciaviriora, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 37; Fl, Br. Ind. II,

488. A glabrous tree, 25 to 30 feet nigh: young branches slender, pale-

brown, compressed. Leaves thinly coriaceous, lanceolate or oblong-

lanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base acute; main and secondary nerves

very numerous, curving upwards and interarching less than ‘1 in. from

the edge: length 4 to 6 in.; breadth 1°5 to 2 in.; petiole ‘1 to ‘15 in.

Flowers 6 to °8 in. long, in very shortly stalked, condensed, axillary

corymbs, sessile; the calyx-tube narrowly cylindric-clavate, contracted

at the base into a slender pseudo-stalk; the mouth with 4 or 5 short,

broad lobes. Petals 4 or 5, free, white, orbicular-ovate, about °25 in.

long ; filaments about ‘6 in. long. Fruit narrowly oblong-ovoid, about

*3 in. long, smooth, pulpy, crowned by the short, incurved calyx-limb,

l-seeded. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 484; Wight Ill, II, 15;

Ic. t. 606; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2. 65; For.

Fl. I, 480. Syzygium claviflorum, Wall. Cat. 3575. 8S. longiflorum, Wall.

Cat. 8572. 8S. excavatum, Wall. Cat. 3574, Wall. Cat. Indeterminata

8080.

108 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. },

Nicopar and ANDAMAN IsLANDS; common. Di1stris.—British India

in Burma, Chittagong and Assam.

vAR. leptantha; flowers and fruit smaller than in the typical form :

flowers in short racemes, not in corymbs: fruit ‘4 in. long. Duthie in

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 484; Benth. Fl. Austral. ITI, 283 (Syz.); Kurz

in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 65; For. Fl. I, 480. 8S. suavissi-

mum, Wall. Cat. 3573. Syzyg. Griff. N cial 654.

Matacca: Griffith (K.D.) 2366/1, 2367. Penana: Ridley 1021, 1109.

var. excavata; leaves more coriaceous than in the typical form

and somewhat larger, young branches with rather rough bark. Syzy-

gium excavatum, Wall. Cat. 3574,

Prenana: Curtis 697, 749, 8384, 8393. Prov. Wettestey: Ridley

6970. Prrak: King’s Collector 7440. JoHorn: Ridley 4076.

VAR. Maingayt; young branches rather stout, the very youngest

smooth, the older with deeply striate bark. Leaves thickly coriaceous,

oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, main-nerves not prominent, the

midrib very prominent on the lower surface: length 4°5 to 7°5 in.

Flowers about °5 in. long: fruit unknown. HH. Maingayt, Duthie in

Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 484.

Matacca: Maingayt (K.D.) 750.

This is known only from Maingay’s imperfect specimens. It does not appear to

me to be separable specifically from E. claviflora, Roxb.

var. glandulosa ; young branches acutely 4-angled: leaves as in

vak. Maingayt: calyx-tube with large pellucid glands.

Matacca: Mount Ophir; only once collected.

53. Hucenta zeycanica, Wight Ill. IT, 15: Ic. I, 73. A glabrous

tree, 30 to 60 feet high: young branches slender, obsoletely 4-angled or

terete, pale-brown. eaves coriaceous, lanceolate, sometimes ovate-

lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, the base acute: both surfaces shining,

brown when dry, the lower minutely glandular and paler: nerves 10 or

12 pairs, indistinct, interarching near the mea the reticulations

obsolete; length 1°5 to 3°5 in.; breadth °35 to 1°5 in.; petiole -05 to “15

in. Panicles axillary and ter eae, crowded, the Ne ee shorter than

the leaves, the terminal longer; branchlets short, 4-angled like the

main-rachis. Flowers numerous, in twos or threes at the apices of the

ultimate branchlets, their length (including the stamens) ‘35 to *4 in.

Calyx funnel-shaped, ‘2 in. long, sessile or on a short pedicel; the tube

ribbed, granular-tubercled ; the limb with 4 or 5 ovate-rotund, concave,

erect; deciduous lobes. Petals orbicular, 4 or 5, deciduous as a calyptra.

Fruit pisiform, smooth, white. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br, Ind. II, 485.

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 65; For. Fl. I, 481.

E. spicata, Lam. Dict. III, 201 ; DC. lc. (Syz.).Trimen Fl. Ceylon I, 171.

1901.] G. King —Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 109

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. I, t. 202. 2H. glandulifera, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl.

Ind. II, 496. 8S. zeylanicum, DC. Prodr. III, 260; Wall. Cat. 3564, in

part; Z. corticata, Wall. Cat. 3565; Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 94.

Acmena zeylanica, Thwaites Enum. 118. A. parmflora, DO. lc. 262.

Jambosa bracteata, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. J, Pt. 1,437. S. corticatwm, Wall.

Cat. 3565. Myrtus zeylanica, Linn. Sp. Pl. 675.—Rheede Hort. Mal.

v. t. 20.

In all the provinces; common. Dzistr1s.—British India, Ceylon.

54. Hucenta Grata, Wight Ill. II, 15. A small glabrous tree:

young branches sub-terete, the bark pale-brown, loose. Leaves coria-

ceous, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, the base acute; upper

surface brown when dry, the lower pale, main-nerves numerous,

curving, ascending, interarching about ‘1 in. from the edge, distinct as

is the midrib on the lower surface in the young leaves, indistinct on the

upper: length 2 to 35 in.; breadth 85 to 1°5 in. ; petiole ‘15 to ‘25 in.

Inflorescence and flowers as in H. zeylanica but the calyx-tube not

granular. Fruit ovoid, pellucid-dotted, crowned by the small calyx-

lobes, ‘2 in. long, black when ripe. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

XLVI, Pt. 2, p. 65; For. Flora Burma I, 480; Duthie in Hook.

fil. Fl. Br. Ind. 486. Syzyg. gratum, Wall. Cat. 3586. S. scabridum,

Wall. Cat. 3564 D. Myrtus quadrangularis, Ham.

Maracea: Griffith (K.D.) 2864. Prnana: Curtis 317, 756, 2245 ;

Wallich. Prax: Ridley 7955, 9456; King’s Collector 5414, 5433, 6267.

ANDAMAN Istanps: King’s Collector. Distrip.—Sumatra.

A species very close to HE. zeylanica but with somewhat larger leaves, glaucous

or sub-glaucous beneath. The best distinguishing marks lie however in the calyx-

tube which in this is smooth, and in the fruit which in this is ovoid and black.

55. EvuGEentaA tecta, King n. sp. A glabrous tree, 20 to 25 feet

high: young branches slender, 4-angled ; the bark dark-brown, flakey.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, almost sessile, ovate-lanceolate, shortly and

obtusely acuminate, the base rounded and minutely cordate; both sur-

faces pale-brown when dry; nerves numerous but scarcely visible, the

midrib prominent on the lower surface and bearing small scattered

tubercles ; length 2°5 to 3:25 in.; breadth 1:1 to 1°6 in.; petiole ‘05 to ‘1

in., densely covered with black tubercles. Flowers °5 or °6 in. long

(including the stamens), crowded in axillary or terminal fasicles, sessile.

Calyx widely funnel-shaped, tapered to the bracteolate base, minutely

dotted ; the limb wide, with 5 broad lobes. Petals orbicular, yellowish,

deciduous. Fruit unknown.

Perak : King’s Collector 1868.

56. HUGENIA PSEUDO-TETRAPTERA, King n. sp, A tree? Young

branches of the thickness of a crow-quill, compressed at the nodes,

110 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

4-angled and_4-winged, the bark dark-brown and flakey, deciduous.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, almost sessile, broadly lanceolate or ovate-

lanceolate, the base broad and minutely cordate, the apex shortly and

bluntly acuminate; upper surface dull olivaceous-brown with remote

black pits, the nerves slightly and the midrib greatly depressed ; lower

surface pale-brown, with many small black marks especially on the bold

thick midrib; main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, prominent, slightly curved,

subascending and interarching at about ‘1 in. from the edge; length

2 to 2:25 in.; breadth 1 to 15 in.; petiole ‘05 in. wrinkled. Flowers

im terminal, sessile, multi-bracteate glomeruli about ‘4 in. long; the

bracts about as long as the flowers, large, broadly oblong, blunt, their

posterior surfaces bearing many black dots. Flowers about ‘25 in.

long, their pedicels less than ‘1 in. Calye cylindric, slightly contracted

at the base; the mouth with 5 erect, ovate, blunt, sub-distant teeth,

about ‘05 in. long. Petals sub-orbicular, calyptrate. Truitt sub-

globular, *25 in. in diam., crowned by the calyx-teeth.

JOHORE: on Gunong Panti, Ridley 4197.

This species comes very near E. tetraptera, Miq., but that species has narrower,

less conspicuously bracteate flowers and its young branches are covered with

glandular hairs. This is also allied to HE. tecta, King, which has, however, larger

flowers in pedanculate bracteate heads. The leaves of the two are almost exactly

alike in texture and form, but the dots and pits in those of ZB. teeta are less conspi-

cuous than in these of this plant. This is also closely allied to E. polita,

57. Kuacenta pourra, King. A glabrous tree, 30 to 60 feet high;

young branches slender, compressed and acutely 4-angled or winged,

their bark pale-brown and deciduous. Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate or

ovate-lanceolate, bluntly and shortly acuminate, the base abruptly

cuneate, both surfaces shining and of a liver-brown colour ; main-nerves

10 to 12 pairs, often forked, interarching less than *04 in. from the edge,

hardly visible on the upper surface, length 1°5 to 2°25 in.; breadth

‘75 to 1 in.; petiole under ‘1 in. JPanicles shorter than the leaves,

axillary and terminal, very condensed, many-flowered, bearing coriaceous

bracts of two sorts, those at the base of the panicle with long, subulate

points, those at the base of its branches and of the flowers oblong with

broad truncate apices, the rachis and branches 4-winged. Flowers

(including the stamens) °35 in. long, sessile. Calyx funnel-shaped,

ribbed, very coriaceous; the limb much prolonged beyond the ovary,

but only slightly expanded, with 5 ovate-rotund, concave, erect lobes:

Petals orbicular, deciduous. Stamens not very numerous nor long;

Fruit globular, crowned by the 5 calyx-lobes, when young minutely

pellucid-glandular. 2H. zeylanica, Duthie (not of Wight) in Hook. fil.

Fl. Br. Ind, IT, 485, in part. Syzyg. politum, Wall. Cat, 3626.

-1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 111

PenanG: Porter; Curtis 511. Jonore: Ridley 4078. Prrax: Scor-

techinit 585; Wray 2822; King’s Collector 6930, 8679. Matacca:

Ridley 859.

A species superficially resembling H. zeylanica, Wight, but really differing greatly

from that and every other species: within our region by its prominently bracteate

-and very condensed inflorescence which has winged branchlets. The fruit has been

only twice collected. :

58. HUGENIA VALDEVENOSA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II,

489. A glabrous tree, 20 to 50 feet high: young branches rather

thinner than a goose-quill when dry, acutely 4-angled but not winged,

the bark brown. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic, shortly and abruptly acu-

minate, the base cuneate or rounded; upper surface olivaceous-brown,

reticulate, the nerves faint; lower warm-brown, the main-nerves 14 to

24 pairs, very prominent, curving upwards: and interarching in a wavy

line ‘15 to ‘25 in. from the edge; length 5°5 to 8 in.; breadth 2°35 to

3°5 in.; petiole 2 to '25 in. Panicles terminal or from the upper leaf-

axils, pedunculate, rather shorter than the leaves, with many spreading,

lax branches, the branchlets compressed. lowers white, sessile, in

heads on the ends of the branchlets, ‘4 in. long (including the stamens),

the buds narrowly clavate, Calyx narrowly infundibuliform, tapering

equally from base to apex, the mouth truncate, entire. Petals calyptrate,

Fruit depressed-globular, crowned by the short remains of the calyx-

tube, smooth, *75 in. in diam. J. ellipticum, Wall. Cat. 3587 in part,

(not of other authors).

Penane: Wallich; Curtis 55; King’s Collector 1579; Maingay

723, 762. Perak: Scortechini 1662; Wray 2209, 2842; King’s Collector

737, 2737, 4947, 5122, 5322, 7008, 10246, 10873.

Under the pre-occupied name L, ellipticwm, Wallich issued this species as No, 3587

of his Catalogue. Mixed with it, however, he issued some leaves of a distinct species

from Penang. Good specimens, with leaves exactly agreeing with these, have since

been found and that plant has been named EH. pergamacea, King.

59. HUGENIA OBLONGIFOLIA, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II,

491. <A tree; young branches somewhat thicker than a crow-quill,

very pale, 4-angled (sometimes obscurely so). Leaves thinly coriaceous,

elliptic or oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate; both

surfaces shining, the nerves and reticulations distinct ; upper surface

pale-olivaceous, the lower pale-brown; main-nerves 10 to 16, slender,

whitish, not much more prominent than the secondary, interarching

Jess than ‘1 in. from the edge; length 3 to 4°5 in. ; breadth 1:25 to 2 in.;

petiole *3 in. long. Panicles terminal, corymbose, spreading, many-

flowered, 3 or 4 inches in length and as many in breadth; the short

peduncle and numerous branches stout, 4-angled, the branchlets

112 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

compressed, all very pale. Flowers ‘3 or ‘4 in. across. Petals 4, calyp-

trate, green. Calyx ‘2 in. long, campanulate, contracted for half its

length into a thin pseudo-stalk, smooth; the mouth truncate or very

slightly toothed. Fut (unripe) globular, smooth, crowned by the short,

wide remains of the calyx, °35 in. in diam.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 746. Stneapore: Ridley 360, 4993, 10131.

Perak: King’s Collector 6012, 8848, 10883.

VAR. parviflora; flowers smaller than in the typical form: leaves

oblong-lanceolate, tapering to each end, 3°5 to 5°5 in, long and 1 to 1°5

in. broad.

Perak: Scortechini 618.

vAR. robusta, King ; calyx ‘35 in. long; panicles, branches of panicle

and young twigs thicker than in the typical form.

Perak: Scortechini 216.

60, HUGENIA SUBHORIZONTALIS, King n. sp. A small tree; young

branches thinner than a goose-quill, terete, blackish-brown when dry.

Teaves thinly coriaceous, oblong or elliptic-oblong, tapering to each end,

shortly and sharply acuminate, the base cuneate, the edges somewhat

recurved (when dry), the upper surface dark olivaceous-brown and

shining, the midrib depressed, all the nerves faint, lower surface dark

brown, not olivaceous, duller than the upper, the midrib very bold and

convex, the main-nerves 15 to 20 pairs, sub-horizontal, thin, but rather

prominent and shining, interarching to form a bold intramarginal line

‘1 in. from the edge, the secondary nerves and reticulations rather

distinct ; length 4°5 to 7 in.; breadth: 1°5 to 2°3 in.; petiole °5 to °6 in.

Panicles axillary and terminal, the former shorter than the leaves, the

latter often longer, lax: the branches rather sparse, spreading, compres-

sed, obscurely 4-angled. Flowers white, sessile, in clusters of 3 to 6 at

the ends of the branchlets, globose-clavate in bud. Calyx ‘25 in. iong,

funnel-shaped, contracted to a pseudo-stalk for half its length : the limb

with 4 shallow, broad, rounded (sometimes acute) lobes. Fruit un-

known.

Perak: Wray 2118, 2097. Disrriz.—Sumatra, Hort. Bogor. 3350

under the name of H. punctulata, Mig., which it is not.

61. EvucentA VaLEroniana, n. sp. King. A tree, 60 to 80 feet high;

young branches thicker than a crow-quill, terete, the bark pale-brown,

flakey. Leaves as in H. Griffithii but somewhat narrower and with

rather more numerous main-nerves. Flowers sessile in small terminal

or axillary panicles shorter than the leaves, with very few short, terete,

few-tlowered cymose branches, or in small pedunculate cymes. Calyx

‘3 in. long, clavate-campanulate, constricted into a short pseudo-stalk ;

the wide mouth truncate or with 4 deciduous, short, rounded lobes,

1901.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 1138

Petals small, orbicular, deciduous. Frwit when unripe pyriform, when

ripe globular, crowned by the wide calyx-limb, *6 in. long.

Perak: King’s Oollector 5982, 6090.

A species near FE, Grifithii, and also near FE. Clarkeana and EF. Koordersiana,

but with much smaller panicles and fruit at first pyriform.

62. Eucenra expansa, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 491.

A tree, 20 to 50 feet high ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill,

terete, pale-brown. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-

elliptic, acuminate, the base cuneate, both surfaces brown (when dry)

and shining, the lower paler ; main-nerves 20 to 24 pairs, faint, spread-

ing, connected by numerous loops, not very prominent in either surface

but distinctest on the lower, intramarginal line less than ‘1 in. from the

edges: length 4 to 6°6 in.; breadth 1 to 2°25 in.; petiole -15 to ‘2 in.

Panicles numerous, terminal and axillary, usually 2 or 3 together,

varying in length from less than one inch to several inches, the longer

ones bearing a few slightly compressed branches with 5 to 8 sessile

flowers crowded at their apices. lowers (including the stamens) *3 in.

long (sometimes longer), clavate in bud. Calyx ‘15 in. long, infundi-

buliform, minutely rugulose; the mouth truncate, undulate, slightly

reflexed, Petals orbicular, calyptrate. #rwit unknown. Syzygium ex-

pansum, Wall. Cat. 3567. S. ewnewron, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 314. -

Penang: Wallich 3567; Curtis 247. Perak: Wray, Scortechini,

__King’s Collector ; very common. 7

63. HuGENIA CHLOROLEUCA, King. A small tree or shrub; young

branches almost as thin as a crow-quill, terete below but 4-angled near

the apex, yellowish. Leaves coriaceous, oblanceolate, shortly and bluntly

acuminate, much narrowed at the base; both surfaces pale-olivaceous ;

the upper tinged with brown, shining, the main-nerves indistinct or

invisible ; the lower very pale, dull, the 12 to 16 main-nerves spreading,

very faint, the edge thickened and slightly recurved ; length 3 to 5°5 in. ;.

breadth 1 to 2°25 in.; petiole °3 to 35 in. Panicles much shorter than

the leaves, mostly terminal, rarely axillary, trichotomous, the branchlets

also trichotomous, all acutely 4-angled and striate, the bracteoles at the

nodes and at the bases of the flowers short, concave, ovate. Flowers

bibracteolate at the base, in threes, -4in. long (including the stamens)

on 4-angled pedicels ‘1 in. long. Calyx ‘15 in. long, minutely rugulose ;

the mouth with 4 broad, shallow teeth. Fruit ellipsoid, rugulose,

crowned by the 4 persistent calyx-teeth, length (unripe) °3 in.

Perak: King’s Collector 1901, 4951, 7807; Scortechini 45; Wray

2917.

This closely resembles Eugenia fastigiata (Calyptranthes fastigiata, Blume), but

the leaves have shorter petioles and fewer nerves and the fruit of this is corrugated

oe at 1S

114 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

rugulose and not glandular. This also resembles Eugenia sylvestris (Caryophyllus

sylvestris, Blame) almost exactly in leaves: but the fruit of the latter is very

different.

64. EuGENIA nigricans, King n. sp. A large tree; young branches

rather thicker than a crow-quill, sub-terete, dark-brown when dry.

Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, shortly and abruptly acuminate, the

base more or less cuneate; both surfaces very dark-olivaceous and

dull (when dry), the lower with a reddish tinge: nerves very numerous

and close together, straight and sub-horizontal, all faint below and

distinct above, the reticulations few and faint on both surfaces, the

edge recurved, and the intramarginal line very near it; length 2°5 to

4in.; breadth 1-4 to 2in.; petiole °3 to ‘4 in. Panicles axillary and

terminal, not more than half as long as the leaves with few lax tricho-

tomous spreading branchlets, all 4-angled. Flowers white, ‘3 in. long

(including the stamens), in threes, sessile, clavate in bud. Calyx

‘15 in. long, wrinkled, funnel-shaped, narrowed for half its length into

a pseudo-stalk, the mouth wide and truncate. Petals deciduous. Fruit

unknown.

Perak: Wray 2221.

65. EuGenta 1nopHyLia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37: Fl. Ind. II, 496.

A glabrous tree, 40 to 60 feet high; young branches rather thinner than

a goose-quill, terete, dark-brown. Leaves coriaceous, narrowly elliptic

or elliptic-lanceolate, rather abruptly acuminate, the base cuneate;

both surfaces when dry smooth, shining, the numerous thin, curved,

ascending main-nerves indistinct; the upper surface almost black, the

lower deep-brown ; length 3 to 51in.; breadth 1°25 to 2°25 in.; petiole

2 to ‘4 in. Panicles corymbose, in the upper leaf-axils and terminal,

nearly as long as or longer than the leaves, on rather long peduncles,

many-flowered, each from 2°5 to 3 in. across, the branches and branchlets

numerous, 4-angled. Flowers 2 or 3 together, sessile at the apices of

the branches, *4 in. long (including the coloured stamens) white, clavate

in bud. Calyx funnel-shaped, rather abruptly tapered to the base, °2 in.

long, smooth; the mouth truncate, with 5 very obscufe, short, broad

teeth. Petals calyptrate. Fruit (according to Roxburgh) pear-shaped,

large. Duthie in Hook. fil. FJ. Br. Ind. 11, 481 in part. Wight Ic. 623

(bad). Jambosa iophylla, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 4838. Syzygium

inophyllum, Wall. Cat. 3600 in part; DC. Prodr. III, 260.

Perak: Wray 1377, 2554, 2655, 2734; King’s Collector 4741, 6079,

655, 8481. Prnane: Curtis 973, 974, 2621.

Two specimens of this are included in the Linnean Society’s set of the

Wallichian plants under 3600. The other two sheets belong to two different species.

66. HuGentA opLtaTa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; FI. Ind, II, 493,

1901.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 115

A tree, 40 to 50 feet high; young branches terete (when dry), reddish-

brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong to elliptic-oblong, or broadly

lanceolate, acuminate, the base cuneate; both surfaces brown (when

dry), shining, the upper often tinged with olivaceous and the lower with

red, main-nerves 20 to 24 pairs, close, connected by numerous secondary

nerves and reticulations, indistinct on the upper but distinct on the lower

surface, intramarginal nerve very close to the slightly recurved margin ;

length 3°5 to 5 in.; breadth 1 to 25 in.; petiole *2 to °251in. Panicles

axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves, often pedunculate, corym-

bose, the branches and branchlets few, crowded, obtusely 4-angled.

Flowers *5 in. long, including the stamens, white, sessile, shortly clavate

in bud. Calyx °25 in. long, funnel-shaped, the mouth with 4 deciduous,

short, blunt lobes, narrowed to a pseudo-stalk. Petals orbicular, calyptrate.

Fruit as large as a cherry when ripe, smooth, pulpy, the pericarp rather

thick ; seed solitary. Wight Ill. II, 15; Ic. t. 622; Kurz in Journ. As.

Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 67; For. Fl. 1, 488; Duthie in Hook. fil.

Fl. Br. Ind. II, 492. 8S. oblatwm, Wall. Cat. 3569. 8S. pulchellum,

Wall. Cat. 3566 in part. Syzg. truncatum, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1,

455. Jambosa pulchella, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 422. LH. comosa,

Wall. Cat. 3566 D; l.c. 83600 C (under ZL. inophylla).

~ Matacca: Derry 1178. Perak: Scortechini. Province WELLESLEY :

Curtis 9378a. Pranana: Ridley 9378.

67. Huannta Bernarpi, King n. sp. A medium-sized tree ; young

branches thicker than a crow-quill, slightly compressed, dark-brown,

the older terete and grey. eaves thinly coriaceous, broadly elliptic,

abruptly and shortly acuminate, the base slightly cuneate; both

surfaces brown (when dry) and shining, the lower slightly paler; the

numerous close nerves and their connecting reticulations distinct on

both ; the intramarginal line less than ‘1 in. from the edge, the midrib

depressed on the upper, prominent on the lower surface ; length 3°5 to

4°5 in.; breadth 1°75 to 2:25 in.; petiole ‘25 to‘4in. Panicles terminal,

occasionally from the branches below the leaves, shorter than the leaves

when in flower but longer in fruit, densely corymbose, trichotomously

branched, many-flowered, the peduncle and lower branches terete, the

branchlets 4-angled. Flowers partly sessile and partly on very short

thick pedicels, the buds obovoid, obtuse. Calyx ‘15 in. long, campanu-

late-cylindric, tapering slightly to the base but not forming a pseudo-

stalk, smooth, the limb truncate. Petals falling off in a depressed

calyptra. Stamens °25 in. long. Fruit turbinate, black when ripe,

without pulp, crowned by the minute remains of the calyx, ‘2 in. in diam.

Perak: Scortechinia 326. Surancor: Ridley 8617. Prnane : Curtis

975, 2840.

116 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, [No. 1,

Remarkable for its short, obovoid flower-buds; closely related to H. simulans

which has, however longer clavate buds.

68. Hucenta Prainiana, King n. sp. A tree 60 to 80 feet high;

young branches as thick as a goose-quill, terete, brown. Leaves thickly

coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, the apex shortly acuminate, the base

cuneate; upper surface dark-brown, shining, the midrib pale and

depressed, the nerves slightly raised, faint; lower surface yellowish-

brown, dull, the 20 to 30 pairs of main nerves and the intramarginal

one slightly raised but indistinct, edges slightly recurved; length

3°5 to 5 in.; breadth 1°5 to 1°75 in.; petiole about ‘5 in. Pawicles

mostly terminal, but a few of smaller size from the upper leaf-axils,

about half as long as the leaves while in flower, many-flowered, much

condensed, corymbose, broader than long; the peduncles short, stout,

somewhat 4-angled like the stout, short branches. Flowers in threes

at the ends of the branchlets, sessile, white, clavate in bud. Calyx

‘35 in. long, funnel-shaped, tapering gradually to the base: the mouth

5-lobed, the lobes broad, rounded, and with pale, cartilaginous tips.

Petals 5 orbicular, glandular-dotted, much longer than the calyx-lobes,

apparently calyptrate. Fruit (unripe and excluding the long calyx-

tube) globular-ovoid, °75 to 1 in. in length, and ‘75 in. in diam.,

crowned by the large, stout, withered, 5-toothed calyx-limb ‘25 in. long.

Perak: Wray 3990; King’s Collector 5309, 6584.

69.. Hucenta Pearsonrana, King n. sp. A tree 80 to 100 feet

high; young branches thicker than a crow-quill, pale brown or whitish,

terete. Leaves coriaceous, ovate, the base rounded, the apex caudate-

acuminate, the edges somewhat recurved; upper surface olivaceous-

brown, shining, the numerous nerves faint, the midrib depressed ; lower

surface brown, dull, the nerves fainter than on the upper, the midrib

sharp and prominent ; length 2°75 to 4 in. ; breadth 1°5 to 2 in.; petiole

‘25 to'3 in. Panicles terminal, 1°5 in. long, not pedunculate, branching

from the base; the branches short, thick, slightly compressed and

slightly 4-angled. Flowers in twos or threes at the ends of the branch-

lets, about ‘5 in. long (including the stamens), white, clavate in bud,

some sessile and others on very short, stout pedicels. Calyx ‘*Zd in. long,

funnel-shaped gradually tapering to the thick base ; the mouth truncate.

Petals 5, orbicular, calyptrate. #ruit unknown.

Perak: King’s Collector 3526.

Allied to Z. Prainiana, but differing in the truncate calyx-limb, sessile panicles

and thinner young branches the bark of which moreover is nearly white.

70. Evu@nnia LévicAcLis, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. If, 492.

A tree ; young branches half as thick as a goose-quill, terete, very pale.

Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, shortly and

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 117

abruptly acuminate, the base cuneate; upper surface dark-olivaceous

(when dry) and shining, the midrib bold and depressed and the nerves

not depressed but faint; lower surface chocolate-brown, dull, the numer-

ous nerves and reticulations indistinct, the intramarginal line very

close to the edge, faint; length 3°5 to 45 in.; breadth 1 to 1°6 in.;

petioles ‘2 to ‘3in. Panicles mostly terminal, but a few in the upper

axils, condensed, much shorter than the leaves ; branches few, crowded,

very stout, obscurely 4-angled, shining. Flowers ‘5 or ‘6 in, long

(including the stamens), in threes at the apices of the branchlets, the

middle one on a short thick pedicel, the lateral pair sessile. Calyz

‘25 in. long, campanulate, tapering regularly to the base; the mouth

with 5 small, bluntly triangular teeth reflexed after flowering. Petals

orbicular, much larger than the calyx-teeth, calyptrate. Fruit when

ripe as large as a cherry, depressed at both ends, pulpy, the apex

crowned by the small circular remains of the calyx. Duthie in Hook.

fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IL, 492 (in part). H. inophylla, ? in Wall. Cat. 3600 and

not of Roxb. |

. .«.Mataccsa: Maingay Herb. prop. 3012 (K.D. 753 in part). Penana:

Wallich ; Curtis 750, 666, 2246, 2247.

Hitherto collected only in Malacca and Penang. This is one of tliree plants

issued doubtfully by Wallich as E, inophylla, Roxb. ; and one of two issued from

Herb. Kew, as 753 Maingay. There are in Herb. Kew, three Maingayan sheets

under the distribution 753. Two of these bore the same number in Maingay’s

own collection, viz., 3012: the third, which is imperfect, bore his 1558, and is

a different plant from his 3012 and is really H. anisosepala, Duthie. E. levicaulis

is allied to H. oblata, Roxb., but has more contracted panicles with much shorter

branches, more oblong flower-buds, shorter stamens, more faintly nerved leaves

which are usually smaller.

71. Euaznia Goopenovit, King n. sp. A tree, 50 to 70 feet high ;

young branches somewhat thicker than a crow-quill, terete, with com-

_ pressed nodes, the bark dull pale: yellowish-grey. Leaves coriaceous,

oblong-elliptic, rarely somewhat lanceolate, the base much cuneate, the

apex acute or sometimes shortly and bluntly acuminate’; both surfaces

rather dull when dry, yellowish-brown, the lower somewhat paler, the

main-nerves many pairs, inconspicuous on either surface as are the

secondary nerves and the reticulations; the intramarginal nerve faint,

about ‘1 in. from the edge; length 3°5 to 5°5 in.; breadth 1°5 to 2 in.;

petioles *2 to ‘3 in. Panicles terminal and from the axils of a few of the

upper leaves, 1°5 to 2 in. long and about as broad; the branches few,

spreading, obscurely 4-angled. Flowers shortly pedicelled, (when

expanded) from. °2 to ‘3 in. across, the buds clavate from °2 to ‘3 in. long.

Calyx funnel-shaped, the mouth with 4 broad, rounded lobes. Petals 4,,

sub-orbicular, calyptrate. rut broadly urn-shaped, the apex broad

118 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

and truncate, crowned in the middle by the short conical remains of the

style, about *5 in. in diam. when dry and about ‘6 in. long, the base

with a fleshy papilla and a short stout stalk. Syz. rigidum, Wall. Cat.

308].

Matacea: ?; Wallich; Goodenough 1759. Senancor: King’s Collector

8741. Disrri.—Java.

Wallich’s specimens of this are referred in the Flora of British India to

E. chlorantha, Duthie. The better examples collected since Wallich’s time by

Messrs. Goodenough and Kunstler however shew this to be a distinct species,

Wallich’s specific name for which would have been retained but for the priority of

DeCandolle’s Eugenia rigida. This strongly resembles HZ. Zippelliana, Miq., as that

species is represented at Kew.

72. HuGENIA LINOCIEROIDEA, King. A tree, 40 to 50 feet high;

young branches when in flower as thick as a crow-quill (thicker when

in fruit), dark-brown. eaves coriaceous, lanceolate, shortly acuminate,

the base cuneate; both surfaces of an olivaceous, leaden colour when

dry, the upper very dark and shining, the nerves numerous, indistinct:

the lower paler and dull, the nerves straight spreading, black, inter-

arching less than °05 in. from the edge, the reticulations not prominent:

length 2 or (rarely) 3 in.; breadth °6 to 1 in.; petioles lin. Panicles

terminal, as long as the leaves when in flower (longer when in fruit),

much branched, many-flowered, broader than long: main-branches sub-

horizontal, somewhat 4-angled, the branchlets acutely so. Flowers °4

in. long (including the stamens), sessile, the buds clavate. Calyx °3 in.

long, funnel-shaped, the lower half narrowed into a vertically ridged

pseudo-stalk; the mouth with 4 deep, broad, rounded lobes. Petals 4,

sub-orbicular, calyptrate. Fruit oblong, with deep rugulose, vertical

ridges, the apex crowned by the enlarged calyx-limb and its 4 inflexed

teeth: length (unripe) °35 in.

Perak: King’s Collector 4580, 7980, 8094; Wray 1898, 2595.

73. HKuGENtIaA MyRtiFoLiA, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Br. Ind. IT,

490. A shrub or small tree; young branches 4-angled, pale-brown,

the older terete, greyish. Leaves thinly coriaceous, lanceolate to broadly

ovate, shortly acuminate, the base acute: both surfaces shining, dotted,

when dry brown, the lower paler; nerves close and numerous, thin but

distinct on both surfaces; length 1°5 to 2°5 in. ; breadth °75 to 1°35 in. ;

petiole *15 to ‘2 in. Panicles mostly terminal but a few from the upper

leaf-axils, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; branches lax, spreading,

corymbose, 4-angled. Flowers °3 in. long (including the stamens)

sessile or pedicellate on the apices of the brauchlets in twos or threes.

Calyx 15 in. long, clavate, the mouth with 4 very narrow lobes or

almost truncate. Petals 4, orbicular, calyptrate. Fruit globular, pisi-

form, pulpy, bluish-black, smooth, crowned by the cupular, truncate calyx-

OS ¢ ‘

SESS a ee

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 119

limb, 1-seeded. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. I, 483 ;3Wight Il. II,

15; Ic. t. 618; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 67;

For. Fl. I, 486. Syzygium myrtifolium, DC. Prodr. I1I, 261 ; Wall. Cat.

3571 ; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, Pt. 1, 456. C. oleina, Wight Il. II, 15.

Sincapore: Wallich. Prnane: Wallich, Perak: Wray 2703,

King’s Collector 8379.

74. Kucenta Stapriana, King n. sp. A shrub, 2 to 6 feet high;

young branches rigid, slender, 4-angled, the bark brown and deciduous

in long flakes. eaves very coriaceous, lanceolate or broadly elliptic

tapering to the blunt sub-acute (occasionally rounded and retuse) apex,

the base slightly cuneate or rounded; both surfaces olivaceous-brown

when dry, the upper with large scattered pits, the lower paler, not

dotted or pitted, nerves and reticulations very indistinct on both

surfaces, the midrib distinct on the lower: length ‘5 to 1 in.; breadth

-4, to °8 in.; petiole under] in. Panicles terminal, shorter than or as long

as the leaves, few-flowered; the branches few, rigid, stout, square and

with 4 thick wings. Flowers ‘3 in. long, with several bracteoles at

their insertion on the short, stout, papillose pedicels. Culy# ‘15 in.

long, narrowly campanulate, slightly inflated below the middle, ribbed

and densely papillose externally, the mouth slightly expanded and with

4, or 5 spreading rounded teeth. Petals orbicular, free. Stamens about

"15 in. long. Fruit sub-globular, crowned by the calyx lobes, white.

Perak: Scortechint 3886; Wray 216, 1582, 1619: at elevations of

5000 to 7000 feet.

This belongs to a group of dwarf montane species of Evgenia well-represented

on the mountains of Ceylon and Southern British India and of which some species

from the mountain of Kina Balu in Borneo have recently been described and

figured in the Linnzan Transactions by Dr. O. Stapf. of the Kew Herbarium. The

nearest ally of this is H. kinabaluensis, Stapf., from which this is distinguished by

its larger inflorescence with winged branchlets, granular calyx-tube and pedicels, and

less rotund leaves, entire (not retuse) at the apex.

75. Hocenta Wrayl, King n.sp. A small tree; young branches

obtusely 4-angled, brown (when dry) smooth, the older terete, rough,

the bark grey. Leaves thickly coriaceous, broadly elliptic or sub-rotund

the apex obtuse or sub-obtuse entire, not narrowed at the base: upper

surface brown, the nerves and reticulations faint, the midrib depressed ;

lower surface pale sub-glaucous, the nerves and reticulations numerous

and distinct, the midrib broad; length °75 to 1:35 in.; breadth

65 to 1°15 in.; petiole *1 in. or less. Panicles solitary, compact,

terminal, in a short peduncle; its branches short and stout, slightly

4-angled, not winged or papillose. Flowers greenish, °385 in. long,

(including the stamens) sessile in clusters of 3 or 4 at the ends of the

branchlets, with a single deciduous bracteole at the base of each, the buds

120 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

shortly clavate. Calyx funnel-shaped, °15 in. long ; not much narrowed

to the base, smooth ; the mouth with 5 unequal, broad rounded lobes.

Petals calyptrate. Stamens short. Fruit unknown.

Perak: at elevations of 5,000 to 7, 000 feet ; Wray 32], 1504, 3859 ;

Scortechint 313.

This is another of the dwarf montane species. It resembles the Nitgint

E. calophyllifolia, Wight, very closely indeed and the differences between the leaves

of the two can be appreciated only by comparison of actual specimens. The reticu-

lations in the lower surface of this are finer and the enclosed spaces shorter,

E. calophyllifolia has 4-merous flowers and the flowers of this are 5-merous. Fruit

of this is at present unknown. From it, when found, a good character may, it is

hoped, be obtained. ;

76. Eucrnia setosa, King n. sp. A shrub or creeper: young

branches as thick as a crow-quill, dark-brown, densely clothed on the

rachis and branches of the inflorescence with coarse subulate hairs

mixed with brown scurf. Leaves thinly coriaceous, narrowly oblong-

lanceolate, shortly and abruptly acuminate, the base rounded; upper

surface (when dry) olivaceous with minute scattered black dots, the

lower tinged with brown, minutely pustulate: nerves very numerous

and close, sub-horizontal, interarching very near the slightly recurved

minutely undulate edge; length 1:35 to 2°75 in. ; breadth *4 to ‘85 in. ;

petiole under *l in. Panicles axillary and terminal, about as long as

the leaves, pedunculate, with spreading many-flowered branches.

Flowers crowded on the branchlets, *4 in. long (including the stamens),

clavate, the buds with globular apex abruptly contracted below, sessile

or on short pedicels. Calyw campanulate above, contracted about the

middle into a pseudo-stalk; the mouth truncate but with 5 small

triangular deciduous lobes. Petals orbicular, deciduous. Fruit tur-

binate, crowned by the small truncate calyx-limb, minutely covered

with pellucid, granule-like glands ; length and breadth about °35 in.

Perak: Wray 2704; King’s Collector 5266, 6601, 6793. |

77, EUGENIA INASENSIS, King n. sp. A small white-flowered tree ;

young branches thicker than a crow-quill, terete with compressed

nodes; the bark pale and rather smooth. Leaves: coriaceous, broadly

elliptic to elliptic-oblong, sometimes slightly obovate, much tapered to

the base, the apex with a short, abrupt blunt point, the edges recurved ;

when dry, the upper surface shining, pale yellowish-brown, the midrib

depressed ; the lower paler and dull, the midrib bold; main-nerves

inconspicuous on both; length 2°5 to 4 in.; breadth 1°25 to 2°25 in. ;

petiole 2 to ‘4 in. Panicles much shorter tae the leaves, tertaiaal

or from the upper leaf-axils, solitary or several together, pedunculate,

usually 3-branched, the peduncle, and branches dark-coloured, com-

pressed. Flowers in threes, ‘3 to ‘4 in, in diam. when expanded, their

1901.|. G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 121

buds obovoid nearly ‘2 in. long. Calyx campanulate, sessile, not tapering

into a pseudo-stalk, the mouth with 5 small rounded pment or truncate.

Petals 5, ovbicular-calyptrate. Fruit unknown.

ee or Gunong Inas at elevations of about 5,000 feet; Wray

4144, 4150, 5154.

A species known only from Mount Inas. It is allied to Z. subdecussata, Duthie,

in many respects, but differs from that species in having petiolate leaves tapering

much to the base and having recurved edges. The main nerves are, moreover, less

distinct and the under surface is not dotted. The twigs also differ in being very

pale in colour instead of brown.

78. HoGenta suppecussata, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II,

491, A tree or shrub; young branches sub-terete, compressed below

the nodes, brown. Leaves sessile or nearly so, coriaceous, elliptic or

oblong-elliptic, rarely somewhat obovate-elliptic, (sub-rotund in var.

montana), tapering but little to either end, the apex sometimes with a

short blunt acumen, the base minutely cordate; both surfaces dark-

brown when dry, the upper polished; the lower slightly paler and

pellucid-dotted ; nerves numerous but not prominent on either surface,

the midrib prominent on the lower; length 2 to 5°5 in.; breadth 1°35 to

3 in.; petiole very short or absent (about ‘1 in. long in var. montana);

Panicles terminal, shorter than the leaves, pedunculate, the peduncle

and all the branches and branchlets much compressed ; the branches

short, crowded. Flowers *55 in. long (including the stamens), sessile in

heads on the apices of the branchlets ; the buds shortly clavate. . Calyx

funnel-shaped, the mouth with 5 small triangular teeth. Petals calyp-

trate. Frutt globular, crowned by the small calyx-cup, smooth, °5 or ‘6

in. indiam. Syzygiwm subdecussatum, Wall. Cat. 3589 in part.

Singapore: Wallich; Ridley 4662, 4814, 9498, 10889. Matacca:

Maingay (K.D.) 740; Derry 476, 975; Ridley 1985. Perak: King’s

Collector ; Scortechint ; very common from the sea-level to elevations of

5,000 feet.

A species readily: recognised by the elliptic polished leaves, tapering very little

to either end, also by the compressed short branchlets of the inflorescence and the

shortly clavate flowers.

var. colorata, King; panicle very condensed, flower-bnds longer

than in the typical form, leaves when dry tinged with red. #H. colorata,

Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT.

. Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 749.

«Only a single specimen of this is known. It appears to mea form of £, sub-

decussata, and unworthy of specific rank.

VAR. montana, King; shrubby; leaves often sub-rotund or obovoid

élliptic, from 1 to 2°5 in. long ; panicles longer than the leaves,

J. u. 16

122.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

Perak: Scortechini 294; Wray 217, 3844. King’s Collector 8030.

Syzygium apodum, Miq., a Sumatran species, closely resembles this but has

thicker leaves with strongly recurved margins.

79. Eucenta punotonata, King. A tree, 30 to 50 feet high; young

branches thinner than a goose-quill, slightly compressed, the bark

pale-brown, deciduous: in flakes, and the older branches grey. Leaves

coriaceous, obovate or oblanceolate, the apex broad and usually blunt

but sometimes with a short point, much narrowed at the base, the

edges slightly. recurved; upper surface olivaceous (when dry),

shining, the nerves indistinct; lower olivaceous-brown, the numerous

straight nerves and reticulations faint; léngth 15 to 3 in.; breadth

1 to 1°75 in.; petiole *2 to ‘25 in. Panicles rather lax, terminal, longer

than the leaves (often twice as long, especially in the fruiting stage) :

- branches numerous, spreading, compressed or 4-angled, many-flowered.

Flowers sessile at the apices of the branchlets with a few scarious

bracteoles at their bases. Calyx campanulate, only *] in. long, its

‘mouth obscurely 4-toothed, smooth. Petals deciduous. Fruit ovoid,

much wrinkled when dry and crowned by the wide calyx-limb, °4 in.

long (unripe). Syzygium punctulatum, Wall. Cat. 3583. Jambosa punc-

tulata, Miq. FJ. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 310.

SrvgaporE: Wallich. Perak: King’s Collector 3475, 3782, 6426,

6671, 6937, 10984; Wray 1125, 3972. Sineaarort: Ridley 3893, 4988,

4989, 6540. Matacca: Derry 1154. Distris.—Borneo.

This is doubtfully referred in the Flora of British India to E. pyrifolia, Wall.

The more complete specimens collected since that Flora was published show that

F. punctulata is a perfectly distinct species.

80. Evcenia Bracteouata, Wight Ill. IJ, 15: Ic. t. 531. A tree,

30 to 60 feet high; young branches boldly 4-angled, pale-brown, about

as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-obovate or oblanceo-

late, the apex broad and with a short blunt apiculus, rarely sub-acute,

the base cuneate: when dry the upper surface dark-brown, shining,

obscurely pitted, the nerves faint and impressed ; the lower paler brown,

neither pitted or dotted, the numerous pairs of horizontal nerves and

the wide reticulations slightly distinct, the midrib very prominent ;

length 5 to 5 in.; breadth 1°5 to 2 in.; petiole “3 to ‘5 in. Panicles

terminal, as long as the leaves, with small, ovate, concave bracteoles at

all its nodes, corymbose, many-flowered, the branches few, the branch-

lets numerous and all (like the peduncle) acutely 4-angled and grooved.

Flowers in threes at the apices of the branchlets: bibracteolate at the

base and on short pedicels, ‘3 in. long including the stamens, globular-

clavate in bud. Calyx -15 in. long, shortly infundibuliform, rugulose,

the mouth with 4 rounded lobes, Petals whitish, calyptrate. Fruit

we eS eee

1901.) G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 123

oblong, tapering to each end, the apex crowned by the 4 persistent

_ecalyx-teeth, minutely rugulose, length (very wnripe) *25in. Kurz in

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 66; For. Flora Burm. I, 482;

Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 488.

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 770. Penana: Ourtis 1089, 3175.

Perak: very common. Distris.—Burma: Grifith (K.D.) 2387; Helfer

(K.D.) 2386, 2373.

Easily recognised by its profusely bracteolate inflorescence and acutely 4-

angled branches and panicle. Cwrtis’s 1089 is when dry of a much paler colour than

the Perak specimens, otherwise it agrees. ;

81. EuGenia venutosa, Wall. in Cat. ex Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br.

Ind. II, 490. A tree, 20 to 25 feet high ; young branches thicker than

a crow-quill, terete, pale. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-rhomboid to oblan-

ceolate, the apex obtuse or sub-acute, the base cuneate ; upper surface

pale-brown often with an olivaceous tint (when dry), dotted, shining,

duller, the nerves faint ; under surface paler, and not olivaceous, the main-

nerves 10 to 14 pairs, rather straight, sub-erect, not much more promi-

nent than the secondary nerves, both sets connected by numerous loops,

the intramarginal nerves about ‘1 in. distant from the slightly recurved

edge; length 2 to 3 in.; breadth ‘8 to 2°2in.; petiole ‘1 to °15 in.

Panicles terminal, broadly corymbose, much-branched, usually shorter

or not much longer than the leaves (longer in var.); peduncle and

branches 4-angled, the flowers in threes at the apices of the branchlets,

clavate in bud, sessile. Calyx *2 in. long, rugulose, campanulate in

its upper half, the lower contracted, the mouth truncate, or slightly

lobed.. Petals calyptrate. Fruzt globular, submamillate, the apex with

a deep, circular, entire pit bounded by the calyx-walls, *5 in. in diam.

Mauacca: Griffith (K.D.) 2405; Maingay (K.D.) 741. Srnaarore:

Wallich ; Ridley 5985. Jonore: 4986. Purax: Scortechini 188; Wray

3016.

VAR. macrothyrsa ; panicles longer than the leaves and as much as

4 in. broad.

Matacea: Griffith (K.D.) 2405; Derry 21; Maingay (K.D.) 719.

JOHORE: Ridley 4196. Perak: Scortechini 188.

82. EuGEnia psEUDO-sUBTILIS, King. A tree, 30 or 40 feet high;

young branches pale greyish-yellow, or almost white, slightly thicker

than a crow-quill, terete. eaves very coriaceous, narrowly oblong-

elliptic tapering from the middle to each end, the apex sub-acute or

obtuse, the base cuneate; both surfaces when dry dull, pale-brown; the”

upper pellucid-pitted and the nerves faint; the lower paler not pitted,

the midrib prominent but the 5 to 7 pairs of main-nerves faint, sub-

erect, curved, not interarching near the edge, length 2°25 to 4 in. ;

124 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

breadth 1°1 to. 1°25.in. petiole °5 to °75 im. Panicles shorter than or.

nearly as long as the leaves, axillary and terminal, often 2 or 3 together,

few-branched ; the branches divaricate, 4-angled, few-flowered, tricho-

tomous. Flowers sessile, small. Calyx only °05 in. long, at first almost

cylindric slightly narrowed to the base, afterwards urn-shaped and

finally globular, the mouth with a projecting rim, truncate but with 4

broad, shallow teeth. Fruit the size and shape of a pepper-corn, smooth,

surmounted by the small remains of the calyx and by the base of the style.

E. brachiata, Duthie (not of Roxb.) in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, (in part).

‘Penance: Curtis 8475. Perak: King’s Collector 6946. SinGavore:

Ridley 4990. |

var. platyphylla ; leaves broader than in the typical form, elliptic,

oblanceolate-oblong, sub-acute or with broad rounded apex, the base

always cuneate. |

Singapore: Ridley 3962. Matacca: Derry; Scortechint. Prax:

Penane: Curtis 32. Syzyg. ribesoides, Wall. Cat. 3553. Syzyg. cinereum,

Wall. Cat. 3576.

--VAR. subacuminata ; leaves bluntly acuminate.

Prnane: King’s Collector 1793. .

This species closely resembles S. subtile, Mig., in its pale branches, in the shape

and texture of its leaves and in its flowers. The leaves however have only about

one-third as many nerves. The two are however very near.

83. Huapnia microcatyx, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 493.

A tree, 40 to 50 feet high; young branches slender, 4-angled, brown.

Leaves coriaceous, oblong-obovate or oblong-lanceolate, sub-acute, much

narrowed from the middle to the base; upper surface blackish-brown

when dry, the nerves faint: lower warm-brown the nerves and midrib

prominent; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, rather straight, ascending,

interarching °15 in. from the edge in a bold wavy line; the edges much

and irregularly recurved when dry; length 2:25 to 35 in.; breadth

1:25 to 2 in.; petiole 25 to 3 in. Panicles terminal and axillary, as long

as or longer than the leaves, on long slender peduncles; branches and

branchlets lax, spreading, compressed, with minutely triangular persist-

ent bracteoles at their bases. Flowers yellowish-white, sessile, in heads

at the ends of the branchlets, small (only :2 in. long including the

stamens), bracteolate at the base. Caly« ‘15 in. long, funnel-shaped,

minutely granular; the mouth with 4 small distant triangular lobes.

Petals 4, calyptrate. Fruit (probably unripe) as large as a pepper-corn,

.globular, crowned by the wide calyx-limb, white tinged with red.

Mauacca: Grifith (K.D.) 2410 (in part), 2411. Derry 3531 ; Main-

gay (K.D.) 727, 731. Stvaarorn: Ridley 2054, Perak: King’s

Collector 5986, 5990, 6627, 8129, 8700, 10417, 10735.

a ae.

_——-

190).]. G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 125

var. obovata; leaves obovate or obovate- lanceolate.

Pprak: King’s Collector 6627, 10417, 8129, 8700, 5990, 5986, 8700.

84. Hugenra scoparia, Wall. Cat. 3594. A tree? Young bitte

about as thick as a crow-quill, terete, pale-brown, smooth. Leaves

coriaceous, oblanceoJate to obovoid, occasionally elliptic-lanceolate, the

apex sub-acute or obtuse, the base always cuneate ;. upper surface brown

and with numerous small pits, the lower paler and with numerous

minute black glands, midrib depressed on the upper and prominent

on the lower surface, tle nerves almost invisible on both; length 1-25

to 2°25 in.; breadth °6 to. l-l in. Panicles terminal and from the upper

leaf axils, longer than the leaves, on slender, rather long, 4-augled

peduncles bearing near the apex a few divaricate laxly-flowered branches.

Flower-buds clavate, about 15 in. long; mouth of calyx wide, shortly

4-lobed, the tube short and abruptly contracted at the base.. Mruit

almost globular with a truncate apex, smooth, ‘1 in. in diam. Duthie

in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 489. Syzygium scoparim, Wall. MSS. ?

S. avene, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. I, 312.

Sicgnapore: Wallich. Matacca: Goodenough 1649.

Specimens of a species nearly allied to this were collected at Changi in Singa-

pore by Mr. Ridley in October.1890 and again at Selangor (Herb. 7555) in 1896.

They differ in having the leaves broader, more pronounced obovate, and almost

without dots or glands.

85. Eucenia myrtantHa, King n. sp. A tall tree; young branches

slightly thicker than a crow-quill, terete. Leaves very coriaceous,

oblanceolate sub-acute, the base much narrowed; when dry upper

surface pale-brown, shining, dotted; the lower darker brown, dull,

sub-glaucous; nerves 3 or 4 pairs, on each side very faint, distant,

ascending : reticulations on both surfaces invisible, the edges slightly

recurved ; length 1 to 1°75 in. ; breadth ‘5 to ‘75 in.; petiole ‘25 to ‘3 in.

Panicles ae numerous, longer than the leaves, terminal or in the

upper axils, pedunculate ; branches numerous, spreading, the branchlets

quadrangular and bearing at their apices numerous small sessile flowers

with broad rounded bracteoles at their bases. Flowers only 1 in. long,

truncate in bud. Calyx cylindric, the mouth very obscurely lobed.

Fruit unknown.

Perak: Scortechini 337. |

A species resembling EH. microcalyx, Duthie, in its inflorescence and very small

flowers and also in the character of the venation of the leaves which however are

much smaller,

86. HuGcnnia vereconpa, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 496.

A small tree ; young branches as thick as a crow-quill, pale yellow,

terete, smooth. Leaves thinly coriaceous, ovate, acuminate, the base

126 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,~

broadly cuneate; upper surface brown when dry, shining; the lower

very pale brown, dull; the numerous nerves, reticulations and intra-

marginal nerve rather distinct on both surfaces but especially on the

upper when dry; length 2 to 3in.; breadth ‘75 to 1'5 in.; petiole 35

to 6 in.; slender. Panicles crowded at the apices of the branches and

in one or two of the upper leaf-axils, shorter than the leaves, on short

peduncles, the branches slender, lax, 4-angled. Flowers only *15 in.

long, sessile or on short pedicles, clavate, constricted immediately below

the turbinate apex. Calyz-tube somewhat ribbed, the wide mouth with

4 shallow distaut lobes. Petals calyptrate. Fruit unknown. Syzygium

verecundum, Wall. Cat. 3579.

Matacca: Griffith. Penanc: Wallich. Srncarore: Ridley 9486.

PaneKkoRE: Scortechini 163. |

87. Eucenta SwetrendaMiAna, King n. sp. A tree, 60 to 70 feet

high; young branches thinner than a goose-quill, terete, very pale,

faintly striate. Leaves thickly membranous, elliptic-oblong to obovate-

lanceolate narrowed to the rounded base, the apex shortly and bluntly

acuminate ; upper surface dark-brown the nerves and midrib impressed ;

lower surface pale-brown, the midrib and main-nerves prominent; the

Jatter 9 to 12 pairs curved and interarching to form a stout intramar-

ginal nerve ‘1 in. from the margin, the reticulations indistinct on both

surfaces ; length 3:5 to 4 in.; breadth 1:2 to 1:75 in.; petiole °25 to °35

in. Panicles several together at the ends of the branches, as long (with

their peduncles) as the leaves or longer, each bearing near its apex a

few slender 3-flowered umbellate branches, the branchlets, peduncle-

branches and branchlets compressed and 4-angled. Flowers greenish-

white, °35 in. across when expanded ; the buds before expansion clavate,

‘2in. long. Calyx funnel-shaped, sessile, contracted at the base, its

mouth with 4 broad, rounded, deciduous lobes. Petals 4, sub-orbicular,

free, as large as the calyx-lobes. Stamens short. Fruit unknown.

Perak : Scortechint ; King’s Collector 7590.

A species near E. pseudo-subtile, King, but with oblanceolate leaves and long

slender pedunculate umbellate panicles crowded at the apices of the twig, Named

to commemorate the help afforded in the Botanical exploration of Perak by Sir

Frank Swettenham, K.C.M.G.

88. EuGeNIA ACUMINATISSIMA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

XLVI, Pt. 2, 67; Fl. Br. Burm. I, 487. A tree, 20 to 50 feet high;

young branches about as thick as a crow-quill, slightly compressed, the

bark pale-brown, peeling off in vertical flakes. Leaves coriaceous,

lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, the apex caudate-acuminate, the base

cuneate; both surfaces pale-brown when dry, the upper tinged with

olivaceous, shining, the midrib depressed, the main-nerves 15 to 20

pairs, slightly raised, faint; lower surface darker than the upper, the

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 127

nerves faint, the intramarginal line rather less than ‘1 in. from the

edge; length 2°5 to 4in.; breadth ‘9 to 14 in.; petiole ‘2 to °25 in.

Panicles usually large, lax, many-branched, pedunculate, longer than

the leaves, mostly terminal but some also from the upper leaf-axils:

branches acutely 4-angled, the upper also compressed. Flowers numer-

ous, small, white, sessile, usually in threes from the ends of the branch-

lets, ‘2 in. long (including the stamens). Calya turbinate-clavate,

nearly ‘2 in. long, the lower half contracted, the upper part turbinate

its mouth truncate or very obscurely toothed. Petals 5 or 6, minute,

rotund, clawed, erose, free. Fruit depressed-globular, crowned by the

minute circular remains of the calyx, *4 to ‘5 in. broad and about ‘35 to

‘4.in. long. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 483. Jambosa acumina-

tissima, Hassk. in Flora (1849), 592; Migq. FI. Ind. Bat. I, 438. Syzyqg.

altissimum, Wall. Cat. 3588. Myrtus acuminatissima, Blume Bijdr.

1088.

In all the Provinces except the Nicobar Islands. Distr1s.—Burma,

Sumatra.

89. HEucrenra Konstueri, King n. sp. A tall tree; young branches

thinner than a goose-quill, terete, pale. Leaves thinly coriaceous, ovate-

lanceolate, acuminate, much narrowed at the base: upper surface brown

(when dry), with small depressed dots, the nerves indistinct: lower pale-

brown with numerous small black dots: main-nerves bold on the under

surface, 8 to*10 pairs, curving upwards and interarching ‘1 to ‘15 in.

from the edge; length 3°5 to 5°5 in.; breadth 1°5 to 2°25 in.; petiole

‘4to ‘5 in. Panicles terminal or from the upper leaf-axils, much shorter

than the leaves; the short peduncle and the numerous spreading

branches 4-angled, with many small pustules, minutely bracteolate at

the divisions. Flowers small, numerous, greenish-yellow, in threes at the

apices of the branchlets, sessile. Calyx 1 in., funnel-shaped, the mouth

with 4 obscure broad teeth. Petals orbicular. Fruit ovoid, contracted

somewhat at the base and crowned by the short wide calyx-limb,

smooth, °5—"6 in. long.

Perak: King’s Collector 3310, 83680. Penance: Curtis 179.

A species of which the nearest allies are EH. pustulata, Duthie, and EZ. brachiata,

Roxb., but with more slender panicles and smaller flowers than the former and more

acuminate leaves than the latter. It also resembles HZ. minutiflora, Miq., but that

has broadly ovate shortly acuminate leaves and shorter panicles.

90. EuGrenta postonata, Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 495,

A tree, 20 to 50 feet high ; young branches thinner than a goose-quill,

terete, pale-brown, minutely warted. Leaves coriaceous, oblong or

oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, much narrowed to the base : upper

surface (when dry) smooth, shining, greenish, the nerves usually

128 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. },

indistinct; the lower brown with many minute papille especially on the

prominent midrib; main-nerves 10 to 14 pairs, curving upwards and

interarching *l in. from the margin, pale, and prominent on the lower

surface ; length 4°5 to 7 in.; breadth 1°35 to 2°25; petiole °3 to °4 in.

Panicles small, several together, shorter than the leaves, terminal or

from the upper leaf-axils, branching from the base, the branches spread-

ing, papillose, stout, 4-angled. Flowers few, sessile, ‘25 in. long

(including the stamens), truncate in bud. Calyx campanulate, minutely

papillose externally ; the mouth wide and with 4 short, broad, sub-acute

lobes. Petals calyptrate. Fruit globular, the apex with a circular pit

surrounded by the wide, short, cupular remains of the calyx, smooth,

*4 to °5 in. in diam. |

Matacca: Maingay (K.D.) 751. Sincapore: Ridley 4657, 4979,

6420, 6421. Perak: King’s Collector 3724, 6758, 7536.

A species recognisable by its short stout panicles with short widely campanulate

flowers, and pustulate stems and panicles. The leaves (when dry) are distinguished

by their colour, greenish above and brown beneath. .

91. Eoucenta Koorperstana, King n.sp. A tree, 40 to 80 feet high ;

young branches somewhat thicker than a crow-qnill, terete, dark pur-

plish-brown when dry. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic or narrowly ovate,

rarely oblanceolate, shortly caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate ; both

surfaces (when dry) very dark brown, the lower slightly paler ;

; main-

nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curving slightly and interarching ‘1 in. or more

from the edge, impressed on the upper surface slightly prominent on

the lower; length 2:75 to 3°75 in.; breadth 1 to 1°75 in.; petiole about

‘3in. Panicles terminal, usually much longer than the leaves, corym-

bose, many-branched, the peduncle and branches sharply 4-angled,

compressed at the nodes; branchlets 3- to 5-flowered at the apex.

Flowers white, clavate in bud, sessile. Calyx campanulate, 4-angled,

"15 in. long, contracted for half its length into a pseudo-stalk; the

mouth with 4 deep, broad, rounded lobes. Petals 4, sub-rotund, calyp-

trate. Fruit unknown. |

Perak: Scortechini 257; King’s Collector 6208, 6233, 6385.

When dry the leaves and panicles of this are very dark-coloured. Tt is allied

to E. pseudo-subtilis and E. Clarkeana, but differs from both in leaves’ I have

named it in honour of Dr. S. H. Koorders of the Forest Dept. in Netherlands India.

92. Evacenta stmutans, King n. sp. A tree, 30 to 40 feet high,

with pendulous branches: young branches terete, the very youngest

compressed and about as thick asa crow-quill, brown. Leaves thinly

coriaceous, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly and rather bluntly

acuminate, the base cuneate; both sides dark-brown and shining when

dry, the lower paler and duller, slightly olivaceous; nerves numerous,

1901.] G. King—Materials for a. Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 129

straight, inconspicuous like the reticulations, intramarginal nerve: very

near the.edge; length 4°5 to 5°5 in.; breadth 1°75 to to 2:25 in.; petiole

3 to “4in. Panicles mostly axillary, sometimes terminal, 3 to 4 in.

long, pedunculate, pyramidal, the branches nearly horizontal, all terete.

Flowers mostly in threes at the apices of the branchlets, sessile, clavate

in bud. Calyx nearly °15 in. long, obconic, with a sub-obtuse base ; the

mouth thickened, undulate, indistinctly 5-toothed. -Petuls coly persian

' Stamens unequal. Fruit unknown.

Perak: Scortechini 83, 274. 3 .

This resembles FE. Bernardi, King, but differs in having clavate, not shortly

obovoid, flower-buds, and in its panicles being usually lateral not terminal. The

leaves of the two are much alike. Ridley’s specimens collected in the garden jungle

(8104 and 9845) probably belong to this but the panicle is.laxer and its branches

thinner.

93. Eucenta Cortisir, King n. sp. A tree, 60 to 80 feet high;

young branches thinner than a goose-quill, terete, the bark brown and

peeling off in flakes. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-

elliptic, rarely oblanceolate, the apex shortly and bluntly acuminate,

the base cuneate, the edges slightly recurved when dry, both surfaces

when dry pale olivaceous-brown, shining, obscurely pustulate, the

lower less shining and darker in colour than the upper and with

numerous very distinct minute conical concolorous pustules; the midrib

depressed on the upper but prominent and pustulate on the lower

surface; main and secondary nerves numerous, spreading, interarching

less than ‘1 in. from the slightly recurved edge, rather distinct on the

lower but faint on the upper surfaces ; length 3 to 5°5 in.; breadth 1 to

21 in. ; petioles ‘15 to ‘2in. Panicles terminal, from half as long as to

as long as the leaves, branched from the base, dense, many-flowered,

broader than long, the main-branches spreading, terete, the secondary

and tertiary acutely 4-angled, all stout, the bark very granular,

ultimately flakey. Flowers crowded at the ends of the branchlets, ’*2 in.

long (including the stamens), sub-globosein bud. Calyx campanulate,

narrowed to the base and produced into a short pseudo-stalk, granular,

shining; the mouth wide, with 5 small, broadly triangular teeth.

Petals 5, papillose outside, orbicular, Pcalyptrate. Frwit unknown.

Perak: Wray 2968, 3102; King’s Collector 6149. ,

VAR. minor; flowers smaller (rather less than °2 in. long, including

the stamens): Calyx not produced into a pseudo-stalk, its mouth

obscurely lobed: leaves 2°5 to 3 in. long. |

Perak: Wray 194, Manacca: Harvey.

94, HucEsra opercunata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Br. Ind, Il; 486.

A tree, 30 to 50 feet high; young branches slightly compressed, dottéd

and grooved at first, afterwards terete, the bark pale-brown at first but

J. 1. 17

130 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

ultimately grey. eaves thinly coriaceous, variable in shape, ovate-

oblong to elliptic and (in var. 2) obovate, shortly acuminate, bluntly

apiculate or (in vAR. 2) obtuse, the base cuneate; both surfaces olivaceous

when dry, the lower paler and minutely dotted: main-nerves distinct on

the lower surface, 8 to 12 pairs, curved, ascending, becoming faint towards

the intramarginal nerve: length 4 to 6 in.; breadth 1°6 to 2°2 in.;

petiole: ‘2 to ‘3 in. Puanicles from the branches below the leaves,

2 or 3 inches long, pedunculate, spreading, lax; the branches divaricate,

trichotomous, 4-angled. Flowers in threes at the apices of the. branchlets,

greenish, sessile. Calya# smooth, campanulate, contracted at the base ;

the limb truncate. Petuls 4, calyptrate, orbicular, concave, about °1 in.

across. Jruit pisiform, smooth, very dark purple, pulpy, 1-seeded.

Wizht Ic. t. 552; Brandis For. Fl. 234; Kurz For. Fl. I, 483; Duthie

in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 498. H. cerasoides, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 92;

Fl. Ind. II, 488; Wight Ic. t. 615; Mig. Anal. Bot. Ind. I, 27; Fl. Ind.

Bat. I, Pt. 1, 443; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 66;

For. FI. I, 484. Syzygium nervosum, DC. Prodr. IIT, 260; Mem. Myrt.

II, 16; Wall. Cat. 3551 A&B; 3553 B&C (under LH. ribesiotdes) ;

Benth. Fl. Hongk. 119; Thwaites Enum. 417 ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. l.c. 460 ;

Bedd. FI. Sylv. Anal. Gen. CVI. 8S. costatum, nodosum, and angkolanum,

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1.c. 448. Calyptranthes mangiferifolia, Hance in Walp.

Ann. II, 629. 0. costata, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3556. 0. grandis and

C. Tatna, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 3554, 3555.

Perak : Scortechint 306. Penang: Curtis 1444. Distris. —British

India, S. China and the Malay Archipelago.

_ Two varieties have been separated off but I have no specimens of

either from any of the Provinces in our region. These are described as

follows by Mr. Duthie in Hooker’s Flora of British India.

vaR. Paniala ; berries ovale EH. Paniala, Roxb. Fl. Ind. TI, 489 ;

Wight Ic. t.616; Kurz For. Fl. 1,483. Syz. Panealla, Wall. Cat. 3557 | ?

Oalyptranthes cuneata, Ham. ?

VAR. obovata, Kurz For. Fl. I, 482; leaves obovate or oblanceolate,

cymes more compact. Syz. a Wall. Cat. 3552, not. of DC.

S. vastum, Wall. Cat. 3661. S. polyanthum, Thwaites ; At of Wight.

A third variety occurs in Perak but it has as yet been only once

collected: It may be distinguished as follows.

VAR. coriacea; leaves thicker than in the type and -not dotted or

very obscurely dotted on the lower surface.

Perak: Wray 2725, at Matong on the sea-coast.

95. Eveenta nicoparica, King. A tree ? Young branches rather

thinner than a goose-quill, terete, somewhat rough, grey. Leaves thinly

coriaceous, lanceolate or elliptic, the apex sub-acute, the base cuneate};

1901.] G. King=Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 131

_ both surfaces (when dry) olivaceous-brown, the upper shining, with

the midrib and main-nerves depressed; the lower paler and. dull;

main-nerves 5 to 8 pairs, faint on both surfaces; reticulations few,

faintly visible on the lower invisible on the upper surface; length of

the lanceolate form 2°5 to 3 in., of the elliptic form 3 to 4°5 in.;

breadth respectively 1 to 1°5 in. and 1°5 to 2°5 in.; petiole °6 to ‘8 in.

Panicles numerous, crowded on the branches below the leaves, trichoto-

mous, 1 to 2 in. long, with a few divaricating, few-flowered branches.

Flowers in threes at the ends of the branchlets, *25 in. long (including

the stamens), sessile or on short, stout 4-angled pedicels, obovoid in

bud. Calyx ‘1 in. long, lengthening to -2 in. after fertilization, cam-

panulate with a 4 in. wide, truncate, irregularly toothed thickened mouth,

much narrowed to the base but not constricted into a pseudo-stalk.

Petals 4 orbicular, calyptrate. Fruit unknown. LH. occlusa, Kurz in

Hook. fil, Fl. Br. Ind. 11, 498 (not of Miquel).

_ Ntcopar Isuanps: Kurz. | s

This has been collected only in the Nicobar islands and there only by Kurz

who referred it to Syzygiwm occlusum, Mig. But it differs so much from an

authentic specimen of that species in the Horsfield collection and from Miquel’s own

description, that I have given it a new name.

-96. Evuaunta Jampotana, Lamk. Dict. III, 198. A small tree;

young branches thinner than a goose-quill, terete, very pale: when dry.

Leaves coriaceous, rather variable, rotund-ovate to oblong-ovate, bluntly

and shortly acuminate, sub-acute or obtuse, slightly narrowed at the

base; both surfaces brown when dry, the under paler; nerves and

their connecting reticulations numerous, distinct when dry on both

surfaces but especially on the lower, intra-marginal nerve and midrib

prominent on the lower; length 2°5 to 4 in.; breadth 1°5 to 2°25,

petiole ‘6 to °75 in, Panicles from the branches below the leaves, much

branched ; the branches divaricate, all terete, many-flowered, longer

than the leaves. Flowers whitish, sessile, *4 in. across. Calyx cam-

panulate, suddenly contracted into a stout pseudo-stalk less than half

its length, the limb at first obscurely and broadly 4-toothed but

ultimately truncate. Petals 4, orbicular, rather more than ‘1 in. long,

calyptrate. Fruit ovoid-oblong, about the size of an olive, pulpy,

smooth, dark-purple, 1-seeded. Ham. in. Wern. Soc. Trans. V, 342;

Roxb. Fl. Ind. I], 484; Wight Ic. t. 535; Benth. Fl. Austral. IIT, 283;

Bedd. Fl. Sylv. I, t. 197; Brandis For. Fl. 283; Kurz in Journ. As.

Soc. Beng. XLVI, Pt. 2, 67; For, Fl. I, 485. Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl,

Br. Ind. II, 499. Syz. Jambolanum, DC. Prodr. IIT, 259; Wall. Cat.

35960; W. and A. Prodr. I, 329; Dalz. and Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 93.

H. frondosa, Wall. Cat. 3560 G: not 3590. H. Moorei, F. Muell. Fragm.

V, 33. Calyptranthes Jambolana, Willd. Sp. Pl. II, 975. C. capitellata,

132 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1%,

Ham. in Wall: Cat. 3560 B. 2. caryophyllifolia, Lam. Dict.- III, 198%

Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl. Ind. II, 486; Wight Ic. IT, - 553.

. calyptrata, Roxb. Ic. 1142? Syz. caryophyllifolium, DC. Prodr. TIT,

259; Wall. Cat. 3562 partly, and 3551, C.; Thwaites Enum. 116.

S. Jambolanum, var. microcarpum, Thwaites Euum. 417; Wall. Cat.

3562°C.. Syz. lateriflorum, Royle. Myrtus Cumini, Linn.: exclude syn.

Rumph. and Burm.—Pluk. Alm. t. 274, 2. Rheede Hort. Mal. V, t. 29.

Rumph. Herb. Amb. I. t. 41. H. obtusifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 37; Fl.

Ind. II, 485; Wight Ic. t. 620. Jambolifera pedunculata, Gaertn. Hanh,

T, 78, t. 36.—Rumph. Herb. Amb. I, t. 42; (bad).

~Not uncommon in cultivation in all the provinces and nilel in

British Iudia but rarely wild in any of the Malay provinces. The fruit

although rather austere is eaten, ! '

SPECIES OF DOUBTFUL POSITION.

The under-noted three species were described by Mr. Duthie in Hooker’s Flora

of British India. They are all founded on scanty specimens collected by Maingay.

I quote the author’s descriptions verbatim.

E. fusiformis, Duthie; young branches 4-gonous, leaves petioled obovate-lanceo-

late cuneate below subcoriaceous pellucid-punctate, lateral nerves rather close, cymes

terminal compact branches angular and somewhat winged, flowers.2 or 3 together

on short pedicels, calyx-tube narrowly fusiform much produced above the ovary.

Mataya: Maingay 743.

Bark yellowish. Leaves 43 by 3in., shining a little above, minutely dover

midrib and nerves dark-coloured ; lateral nerves uniting within the margin; petiole

about in. Calyz-tube} in. in length and }in. across at the widest part; lobes 4,

rounded, reflexed after flowering. Style persistent, exserted portion equalling the

calyx-tube.—Closely allied to 2236 of Beccari’s Borneo plants.

E. maingayi, Duthie; leaves shortly petioled long oblong-lanceolate acuminate

rounded at the base, racemes short axillary or from the leafless axils of the rugged

lower branchlets, calyx-tube elongate clavate about 2 in. glandular, lobes 4 rounded

deciduous.

_ Mataya: Maingay 750.

Older branchlets with rugged corky bark, upper stout, terete, reddish. ties

43-73, by 13-24 in., indistinctly nerved above, midrib stout beneath ; petiole } in.

Style short, Bite: —This plant seems to approach nearest to H. claviflora, and has a

general resemblance to H. borneensis, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 484 Canine but

the petioles of the latter are much longer,

E. tumida, Duthie ; leaves oblong-ovate or obovate shortly acuminate narrowed

at the base closely nerved, cymes terminal and axillary equalling or exceeding the

leaves, calyx-tube 3, in. narrow swollen below the middle.

Matacca : Maingay 755. . Py

_ Branchlets terete. Leaves 2}-3} in., chocolate-coloured above, rusty-yellow

beneath when dried; lateral nerves slender, uniting close within the margin ; petiole

1 in. Panicles lax, spreading ; branches acutely angular. Calyx with 4 nearly

equal shallow lobes.—The petals are probably free, though not expaniyes The

swollen part of the calyx-tube is occupied by the ovary. j

—9901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula; (133

9. “Pseupo-zuGENIA, Scortechini.

Trees with opposite punctate leaves and few-flowered, axillary,

minutely bracteolate inflorescence. Calyz-tube turbinate or oblong, its

mouth with 4 small rounded lobes, and bearing a thin annular stamini-

ferous disc. Petals 4, orbicular, clawed. Stamens 8, in two rows;

filaments inflexed in bud; anthers small, 2-celled.. Ovary 2-celled.

Style short. Ovules numerous, in several series on the placentas. Fruit

asin, Hugenia, 1- to 2-seeded. Distr1B.—2 species, bcth Malayan.

" A genus which differs from Eugenia chiefly in having only 8 stamens.

i Leaves 4°5 to 6. in. long | 1. P. perakensis.

. » 15 to 2'5 in. long _- 2. P. singaporensis.

~ 1. PsEUDO-EUGENIA PERAKENSIS, Scortechini in Journ. ‘Bot.

XXIII (1885), 153. <A tree, 15 feet high; young branches thin,

terete. Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, slightly narrowed

at the base, the apex with a slender obtuse acumen, pellucid-punctate,

the main-nerves close, inconspicuous on the upper surface, sub-hori-

zontal, interarching near the margin ; length 45 to 6 in.; breadth 1°5 to

2 in.; petioles short. Calyz-lobes incurved. Petals 4, small, free,

spreading, distant. Stamens short. Berry gia Eugenia skiophila,

Duthie in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. IT, 486.

Penanc: Maingay. Perak: Scortechini.

2. PSEUDO-BUGENIA SINGAPORENSIS, King n. sp. A tree, 30 to 40

feet high; young branches as thin as a crow-quill or thinner, terete,

smooth, dark-brown. Jeaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate,

slightly narrowed at the base, the apex abruptly and bluntly acuminate ;

both surfaces (when dry), dull and of a uniform dark-brown colour ;

the upper with the midrib depressed and the main-nerves and reticu-

lations obscure; the lower minutely warted; the main-nerves numerous,

faint, interarching near the edge; length 1°5 to 2°5 in.; breadth ‘45 to °7

n.; petioles ‘1 to ‘15 in. Panicles shorter than the leaves, axillary,

few-branched and few-flowered,; the peduncle and branches very slender,

dark coloured, 4-angled. Flowers clavate in bud and greenish. Fruit

unknown.

Sivcarore : Ridley 2909 ; King’s Collector 1242, 5957, 8710.

[hg Norte.

In addition to the two species above described there are in the Calcutta Herb-

arium specimens of what appears to be a third species of this genus collected by

Mr. Harvey near Malacca. In these specimens the leaves are ovate with acute

apices and cuneate bases, and 5 to 7 pairs of ascending main-nerves rather promi-

nent on the lower surface. The leaves are from 3 to 4 inches long and about half

as much in breadth. The flowers measure about ‘3 in. in length and rise in pairs

from the stems below the leaves. Mr. Forbes also collected in Sumatra specimens

(Herb. Forbes 2889) of a small tree with elliptic, caudate-acuminate leaves

134 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

cuneate at the base, which probably belong to a fourth species of Pseudo-eugenia.

The flower-buds of this, which measure less than °1 in. in length, are borne in pairs

below the leaves.

10. Baxrrinetonta, Forst.

Trees. Leaves alternate, crowded towards the ends of the branches,

entire or slightly crenate-serrate, pinnate-nerved, not dotted. Flowers

in elongated terminal and lateral racemes, or in interrupted spikes;

bracts small, deciduous. Calyx-tube ovoid or turbinate, scarcely pro-

duced above the ovary; lobes 2—4, valvate, or 3-5, imbricate. Petals 4

rarely 5, much imbricate, somewhat adnate at the base to the staminal

tube. Stamens numerous, in several series, connate into a short tube at

the base; filaments filiform, long, all bearing anthers. Ovary inferior,

2-4-celled, crowned by an annular disc; style long, filiform, simple,

stigma small; ovules 2-8 in each cell, pendulous. Fruit fibrous or

somewhat berried, globose, ellipsoid or quadrangular, crowned by the

calyx, by abortion 1-seeded. Seed ovoid or ellipsoid, without albumen;

embryo large, exhibiting two layers, cotyledons nearly obsolete.

Distris.—Species 25; in tropical Asia, Africa, Australia and Polynesia,

often near the sea.

Sect. I. Buronica. Calyx closed in bud and entire, ulti-

mately splitting into 2. or sometimes into 3 lobes:

flowers pedicelled.

Racemes short, erect or sub-erect; fruit conical.

Racemes terminal, erect; flowers 2°5 to 3 in. Jong

and of greater diameter; fruit angled but not

winged at the base... ae .. 1. “B. speciosa.

Racemes lateral or terminal, sub-erect; flowers

less than 1 in. in diam.; fruit with 8 down- .

ward-pointing wings at the base ... ... 2. B. conoidea.

Racemes elongated, pendulous; fruit ovoid ... o& B. racemosa.

Sect. II. Srravipium. Calyx with 4 (sometimes 3 or 5)

imbricate lobes. |

Racemes terminal, erect, short, 1- to 3-flowered 4. B. pauciflora.

Racemes lateral, pendulons, elongate, many-flowered. 3

Flowers more than °5 in. across; leaves with

distinct petioles from 7°5 to.3 or 4 in. in length.

Flower-buds just before expansion about °*25 in.

long; fruit ovoid or elliptic, not angled or only

slightly so; rachis much thickened in fruit ... 5. B. macrostachya,

Flower-buds just before expansion more than °*25 :

in. long; fruit oblong, 4-angled.

Main-nerves of leaves 6 or7 pairs; fruit 3 in. .

long; rachis of spike thickening slightly in fruit 6. B. Scortechinii.

Main-nerves of leaves 9 to 12 pairs; fruit glab-

rous, acutely 4-angled, less than 2 in. long;

rachis of spike hardly thickening infruit ... 7. B. swmatrana,.

4 1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 135

;

‘Main-nerves of leaves 8 to 12 pairs; fruit

minutely pubescent, 4 or 5 in. long; rachis of

spike thickening much in fruit... .. 8. B. musiformis,

Flowers less than ‘5 in. across; leaves sessile

or with very short petioles.

Flowers pedicelled :—

Fruit fusiform .. 9. B. fusiformis.

Fruit, oblong truncate, ual 4- ahead .. 10. B. acutangula,

Flowers sessile or nearly so; fruit sub-globose 11. B. spicata.

1. Barrinctonta speciosa, Forst. Char. Gen. t. 38 and t. 38 A and B.

A glabrous tree, 30 to 50 feet high ; young branches stout, grey. Leaves

thinly coriaceous, obovate-oblong or obovate, with broad rounded apex

and much narrowed base, sessile, entire ; main-nerves about 10 pairs, not

prominent; length 6 to 14 in.; breadth 3:5 to 7 in. Panicles short

(4 to 8 in. long) erect, terminal, with 1 or 2 leaf-like bracts at the base,

few-flowered. Flowers 6 to 12, large (2°5 to 8 in. long and 5 in. in

diam.), on long pedicels bracteolate at the base. COalya with 2 large

oblong, nerved (2 to 4 in.) lobes °75 to 1:25 in. long, persistent. Petals

4, white, larger than the calyx, (2°5 in. broad) deciduous. Stamens

very numerous, longer than the petals but shorter than the style. Fruit

large, shining, quadrangular-truncate at the base, tapering to the apex

and crowned by the persistent calyx, bluntly 4-angled, sometimes sub-

ovoid and less prominently angled, 3 in. or more in breadth at the base

and slightly more in length ; pericarp very thick, fibrous, spongy. Seeds

ovoid, 2 or more in. long. Flor. des Serres IV, 409 ; Linn. f. Suppl. 312 ;

DC. Prodr. III, 288; Roxb. Fl. Ind, II, 636; Wall. Cat. 3632, excl. B;

Blume Bijdr. 1096; W.& A. Prodr. 333; Wight Ic. t. 547; Mig. Fl.

Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 485; Miers in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. II, Bot. 1, 55, t.

10; Kurz For. Fl. I, 496; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 507;

Trimen Flora Ceylon II, 189. B. asiatica, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.

1877, Pt. 2, 70. B. ? macrophylla, Miq. l.c. 491. Mammea asiatica, Linn.

Sp. Pl. 731. Agasta splendida, asiatica and indica, Miers l.c. 60-64,

tt. 11, 12. Butonica, Rumph Herb. Amb. III, t. 114.

In all the Provinces, on the sea-coasts : Distris.—The shores of

ee se aley islands and British India; also of Australia and Polynesia.

The late Mr. Miers excluded from the genus Barringtonia everything except a

plant now known by an imperfect specimen preserved in the Banksian collection

and by Forster’s drawings, which latter represent a 4-celled fruit. The plant here

described to which Forster’s name had, prior to the issue of Mr. Miers’

monograph in the Linnzan Transactions, by common consent been given, is one of

three forms of the plant on which Miers founded the genus Agasta. On characters

largely based upon slight differences in the shape of the fruit, Miers distinguished

his three species Agasta splendida, asiatica and indica, The latest writers on

136 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No.1

Indian Botany who have dealt with the Indian Barringtonias (Mr. C. B. Clarke in

Hooker’s Flora of British India, and the late Dr. H. Trimen in his Flora of

Ceylon) adopt the view that obtained prior to the publication of Miers’ paper, and

they believe that the three species of Agasta of the latter author are merely forms

of the Barringtonia speciosa of Forster. If Miers’ arrangement, however, is to be

followed, the name of the plant occurring on the coasts of the Malay Peninsula

and of British India would be either Agasta indica or A. asiatica according to the

shape of the base of the fruit. Miers says of the fruit of the form which

he considers alone entitled to the name Barringtonia speciosa, fructus non vidi, and

he relies solely on Forster’s figure (Char. Gen. t. 38 B, fig. 6). In his account

of it that figure no doubt shows a 4-celled fruit. Whether or not Forster or his

artist had a fully-developed fruit before him when he made the drawing referred

to cannot be known. But however that may be, the characters, other than the

number of cells in the fruit of Forster’s Barringtonia and of Miers’ three Agastas

are practically alike, and I fail to see any good basis for the foundation on them

of four species belonging to two genera.

2. BARRINGTONIA ConompEA, Griff. Notul. 656. Ic. 635, 636, fig. 1.

A large bush or small tree, glabrous; young branches sub-sulcate.

Leaves thickly membranous, oblanceolate-elliptic or cuneate :” oblong,

narrowed at the minutely subcordate or rounded base to the. short, stout

petiole; the apex blunt or sub-acute; the edges obscurely crenate-

serrulate or subentire ; main-nerves 9 to 13 pairs, curved, ascending;

length 4°5 to 10 in.; breadth 2 to4in.; petiole "15 to‘2in. Racemes

suberect, lateral or terminal, féy-fowersil about 4 in. long, glabrous or

puberulous. Flowers less than 1 in. long and 1 in. across, on pedicels

-5 to 6 in. long. Calyx with a subcylindric tube, ‘15 in. long’; the base

with 8 gibbous processes; the limb bipartite. Petals 4, fleshy, ovate-

lanceolate. Stamens much exceeding the corolla. Fruit fibrous-fleshy,

conoid, produced at the base into 8 wing-like semi-cordate fleshy pro-

cesses and crowned at the apex by the calyx, 2°5 in. long and 1°75 in.

broad at the base. Kurz For. Flor. Burma I, 497; Clarke in Hook. fil.

Fl. Br: Ind. II, 508. B. alata, Wall. Cat. 3633. Bibhte alata, gee

in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II, Bot. I, 70, t. 14, figs. 10 to 15. ° Zz

Mauacca: Griffith (Kew Dist. 2423). Perak: Scontechiné~1385,

Burman: Wallich. | , ak ea

3. BAarRincronta racemosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 52; Fl. Br. Ind.

II, 634. A glabrous tree, often 50 feet high; young branches rather

stout, cinereous. Leaves membranous, oblong-obovate or oblanceolate,

shortly acuminate, narrowed to the shortly petiolate base, faintly cre-

nate-denticulate; main-nerves 8 to 15 pairs, spreading or ascending,

thin but Prinens on the lower surface when dry ; length 4 to 12 in. ;

breadth 2 to 4in.; petiole ‘1 to ‘25 in. acemes much longer than

the leaves, (10 to 24 j in. long) from the axils of fallen leaves or terminal,

1901.] G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, 137

pendulous, many-flowered, minutely bracteolate. Flowers distant, 1°5

to 2 in. in diam., on thin pedicels ‘2 to ‘3 in. long, buds globose.

Calyx turbinate, obconic, 2- or 3-partite, permanent. Petals 4, oblong.

Stamens very numerous, much longer than the calyx but shorter than

the style. . Fruit as large as a hen’s egg and of much the same

shape, but somewhat 4-sided, nearly smooth, the pericarp leathery ;

seed solitary ovate-oblong. DC. Prodr. III, 288; Wall. Cat. 3634;

W.& A. Prodr. 333; Wight Ic. t, 152, including fruit; Bot. Mag. t.

3831 ;"Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 94; Gaud. Voy. Freyce. t. 107; Vidal,

¥. Fl. Fil., t. 50a; Kurz For. Fl. I, 496; Clarke in Hook. fil: Fl. Br. Ind.

II, 507; Trimen Flora Ceyl. II, 189. B. speciosa, Wall. Cat. 3632 B.

B. alba, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 487. Hugenia.racemosa, Linn. Sp. Pl.

673. Stravidium album, DC. Prodr. III, 289. Butonica racemosa and

alba, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II, Bot. I, 65, 66, t. 13, figs. 1-17.

B. vubra and inclyta, Miers l.c. 70, 71, t. 14, figs. 1-3, 19.—Rheede

Hort. Mal. IV, t. 6.

In all the provinces; on the sea shores. Dustris.—Brit, India,

Malayan Archipelago, Polynesia.

4. BARRINGTONIA PAUCIFLORA, King n. sp. A tree, 30 or 40 feet

high ; young branches slender, glabrous, pale-brown when dry. Leaves

thickly membranous, broadly oblanceolate narrowed into the petiole at

the base; the apex suddenly and shortly caudate-acuminate; main-

nerves 8 to 10 pairs, curving upwards; length 3 to 4°5 in. é heel

1:25 to 2 in.; petiole 4 to 8 in., slender. Raceme solitary, teri tat

~ erect, 1°5 to 2 in. long, bearing only 2 or 3 flowers or sometimes only a

single one. Flowers about 1°75 in. long. Calyz- tube funnel-shaped,

boldly 4-angled, sparsely rufous-furfuraceous, ‘4 in. long; the lobes 4,

-ovate-rotund, blunt, shorter than the tube. Petals 4, obovate-oblong,

glabrous, 1 in. long. Stamens longer than the petals. Frautt unknown.

Perak: Scortechini 939; King’s Collector 6355. |

5. BarrincTonta MACROSTACHYA, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.

XLVI, Pt. 2, 71; For. Flora Burma II, 498. A glabrous shrub or

small tree; young branches pale-brown, striate. Leaves oblong-oblan-

ceolate or oblong-elliptic, narrowed to the long slender petiole, the apex

abruptly acuminate, the edges entire or with broad shallow crenations ;

‘main-nerves 14 to 18 pairs, curved, ascending, rather prominent beneath

when dry; length 5 to 12in.; breadth 2 to 5 in.; petiole 1 to 4:5 in.

‘Spikes lateral (often aie kosiceetillaley) or terminal, netiialiae: 1 to 2 feet

long, glabrous or puberulous, stout, rather fleshy and much thickened in

the fruiting stage; bracteoles minute, caducous. Flowers sessile,

crowded, nearly 2 inches long and 1 in. across when expanded. Calyz-

‘tube obconic, 4-angled, ‘25 in. long; the limb with 4 broad, blunt lobes

o.-tfe t8

138 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No I,

‘2 in. long. Petals oblong sub-acute, 1 in. long. Filaments twice as

long as the petals. Fruit broadly-ovoid or elliptic, smooth, not angled

or only slightly so, crowned by the small calyx-lobes, 1°5 to 2 in. long

and about 1:35 in. in diam. Clarke in Hook, fil.. Fl. Br. Ind. II, 509

(excl. syn. B..pendula, Kurz and Doxomma pendula, Miers). . B. cylin-

drostachya, Griff. Notul. IV, 655. B. sarcostachys, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. J,

Pt. 1, 490. Stravidium sarcostachys, Blume in Van Houtte FI. des

Serres, VII, 24. S. acuminatum, Wall. Cat. 3636. Doxomma. macros-

tachyum, cylindrostachyum, acuminatum, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser.

II, Bot. I, 104, 100, 102. Careya macrostachya, Jack in Mal. Misc. I,

47; DC. Prodr. IIT, 295. | +

Matacca: Maingay (K.D. 763); Griffith (K.D, 2421): Prnane:

Curtis 1581. Necrt Sempinan: Ridley 1852. Pura: Scortechint (with-

out No.); Wray 1299, 2410, 3136, 3642, 3635 ; King’s Collector 3402, 3779,

4136, 10075, 10206, 10615. Duistrip.—Borneo, Burmah, Griffith;

Gallatty. ns Sig

This is allied to B. pendula, Kurz—a rare species from Southern Burma

originally described by Griffith as Careya pendula (Notule IV, 661). That

species, however, has narrower leaves than this with fewer nerves; the calyx-tube is

elongate, the stamens are only about one inch long; and the fruit is narrowly oblong,

boldly 4-angled, more than 2 in. long and only about “65. in. in diam. There is an

excellent drawing of this plant with full analyses of the flowers in the Herb, Kew,

which was made from living ‘specimens by.the Rev..C. Parish. The species has

been reduced in Hooker’s Flora of British India to B, macrostachya from which it

differs in the points above noted. | |

6. Barrinctonia Scorrecainu, King n. sp. A glabrous tree,

50 to 60 feet high; young branches slender, pale-brown, glabrous.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-oblong to. oblanceolate-oblong, tapering

(often very much) to the petiole ; the apex acute or shortly acuminate ;

the margins entire or obscurely and minutely dentate; main-nerves

6 or 7 pairs, spreading, curved; length 3 to 6°5 in.; breadth

1:5 to 25 in.; petiole ‘5 to ‘8 in, Spikes lateral, pendulous, 6 to 18 in.

long, glabrous, rather slender but slightly thickening with age, Flowers

numerous, 1'5 to 2 in. long, narrow. Calyx-tube bracteate at the base,

glabrous, obconic, 4-angled, ‘25 in, long ; the 4 lobes shorter than the tube,

broad, rounded. Petals oblong, blunt, ‘75 in. long. Filaments 1'5 to 2 in.

long. Ovary 3-celled (usually). Fruit oblong, somewhat tapered but

truncate at each end: the apex mamillate crowned by the small calyx-

lobes, smooth, 3 in. long and 1 in, diam. |

Perak: Scortechini 237, 395, 1674, 2020; . Wray 2087; King’s

Collector 3598, 3854, 6252 ; Curtis 1296.

There are two distinct forms under this species; one with oblong-elliptic

1901.] G. King—WMaterials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 139

leayes and rather larger flowers ; the other with leaves oblanceolate, more slen-

der spike- rachis and smaller flowers, but the two pass into each other.

. ° 7%. Barrineronra sumatrana, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 315. A

glabrous tree; young branches pale, as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves

coriaceous, aniiic or oblong-elliptic tapering much to the base, the

apex shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, the edges obscurely serrate

or entire, slightly wavy somewhat recurved when dry; upper surface

shining when dry, the lower dull and paler, both minutely reticulate ;,

main-nerves. 9 to 12 pairs, thin but prominent; length 4°5 to 7°5 in. ;

breadth 1:4 to 3 in.; petiole ‘75 to 2 in., thickened at the base. Spikes

axillary and terminal, pendulous, angled, glabrous, 9 to 15 in. long, not

thickening in fruit, Flowers numerous, more than 1 in. long and nearly

as much across, sessile. Calyx ‘5 in. long; the tube infundibuliform,

acutely 4-angled ; the lobes half as long as the tube, broadly ovate, con-

cave, spreading. Petals broadly oblong, very blunt, °65 in. long. _ Stamens

°75 in. long or more. Style slender, 1°6 in. long.. Fruit oblong, some-

what tapered to the base, less so to the calyx-crowned apex, acutely’

4-angled, smooth and shining, 1°75 in. long, and °65 in. in diam.

Singapore: Ftidley 277, 2056. Sumatra: Miquel (Herb. Bogor

4586). CELEBES: Beccari. .

8. BaRRINGTONIA MUSIFORMIS, King n.sp. A large tree, 60 to 80 feet

high ; young branches as thick as the fore finger, brownish, glabrous.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, entire, or obscurely crenate towards the apex,

oblong-oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic-oblong, much tapered to the

long slender petiole, the apex shortly acuminate ; main-nerves 8 to 12

pairs, curved, ascending, not conspicuous; length 5 to 10 in.; breadth

1°75 to 3°25 in.; petiole °75 to 2°25 in. thickened at the base. Spikes

axillary, suberect, 12 to 14 in. long, stout, striate, thickening to °6 in.

in diameter or more in fruit, the cicatrices of the fallen flowers very

prominent, scurfy-puberulous. Flowers large, sessile. Calyx campanu-

late, 1:25 in. in diam. at the mouth, densely but minutely rusty-pubes-

cent ; the tube subcylindric, only -2 in. long; the 4 lobes large, ovate-

Sand, blunt, °75 in. long. Petals 4, concave, rotund, scurfy outside.

Fruit narrowly-oblong, 4-angled, sub-truncate at each end, the upper

crowned by the calyx and the 2 inch long style, minutely pubescent,

4 or 5 in. long, and 1 to 1°5 in. thick.

Perak: King’s Collector 5746, 6154.

I have seen no expanded flowers of this as the collected specimens are either

in bud or in fruit. Its nearest allies are B. augusta, Kurz, B. pterocarpa, Kurz,

and Doromma magnificum Miers, but all these have much smaller flowers and their

leaf petioles are very short. The ripe fruit of this resembles in shape a small

banana, but the endocarp aad pericarp have a very different texture, being i in this

densely fibrous. - - :

140 G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1,

-.9. BARRINGTONIA FUSIFORMIS, King n. sp. A small tree, 10 to 20

feet high; young branches slender, puberulous, pale when dry. Leaves

membranous, oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, narrowed to the cordate

base, sessile or sub-sessile; the apex obtuse or acute; the edges

remotely serrate becoming almost entire when old; ‘ main-nerves 12 to

16 pairs, curved, ascending, slightly prominent on the lower surface

when dry; length 4 to 8in.; breadth 1°4 to 2-4 in.; petiole (if present)

only ‘05 in. long. iene axillary, very erie, pendulous, much

exceeding the leaves, lax, minutely rusty-pubescent, 1 to 2 feet long,

surrounded at the base by a whorl of lanceolate persistent bracts ‘5 in.

long. ‘Flowers ‘4 in. across, distant, on slender pedicels 1 in. long; the

bracteole at the base of each pedicel lanceolate, deciduous. Calyx 8 in.

long; the tube obconic, densely rusty-puberulous; the teeth 4, broad,

rounded, less puberulous than the tube. Petals slightly longer than

the calyx, broadly obovate. Stamens three times as long as the petals.

Fruit fusiform, tapering almost equally to each end; the apex crowned

by the small calyx, 4-angled, deciduously rusty-pubescent, 2°25 in. long

and only-'5 in. in diam.

Perak: Scortechini ; King’s Collector 10388, 10643, 10094.

The very long flower pedicels and the narrowly fusiform silat distinguish this

from all the other species.

10. BaArRINGTONIA ACUTANGULA, Gertn. Fruct. I], 97,t.101. <A gla-

brous tree, 25 to 50 feet high ; young branches thiu, pale-grey, glabrous.

Leaves obovate-oblong, or cuneate-elliptic, much narrowed to the shortly

petiolate base, the apex broad rounded or subacute, the edges minutely

denticulate or cuneate: main-nerves 10 to 13 pairs, spreading, not

prominent; length 2 to 5 in.; breadth 1:1 to 2 in.; petiole ‘15 to °2 in.

Racemes much exceeding the leaves, slender, pendulous, many-flowered,

from 6 to 15 in. long. Flowers ‘3 or ‘4 in. across, in slender pedicels

from ‘05 to '25 in. long. Calyx with short tube and 4 rounded, regular,

ciliate teeth. Petals small, under -25 in. long. ' Filaments about three

times as Jong. Fruit oblong or oblong-ovoid, truncate at both ends,

crowned by the small calyx, glabrous, boldly but bluntly quadrangular,

1:25 to 1°5 in. long. Roxb. Fl. Ind. II. 635; Blume Bijdr. 1097; W. G&A.

Prodr. 333; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, Pt. 1, 488; Dalz. & Gibs.. Bomb.

Fl. 95; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. t. 204; Brand. For. Fl. 235; Kurz For. Fl.

Burm. I, 497; Clarke in Hook. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. If, 508; Trimen Flora

Ceylon II, 191. Stravidium rubrum, DC. lc. 289. 8S. acutangulum,

Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II, Bot. I, 80 t. 17 figs. l to 14. 8S. obtus-

angulum and S. Rheedii, Blame in Van Houtte Flore des Serres vu,

24; Miers lc. Hugenia acutangula, Linn. Sp. Pl. 678.

I include this species as Malayan with some hesitation. Most of the Malayan,

1901.]. G. King—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. \ 141

specimens bearing-the name I wonld refer to B. spicata, Bl. It is however a widely

distributed and comnion tree in India and particularly so in Burma and it is quite

likely to occur in Quedah and the northern part of Perak.

11. ; Bareixeronia spicata, Blume Bijdr. 1097. A tree, 30 or 40 feet

high ; young branches slender, smooth, brown when dry. Leaves oblong-

oblanceolate, tapering to the short petiole, the apex acute or sub-

acute, the edges distinctly serrate-dentate ; main-nerves 8 to 10 phe,

curving slightly, ascending ; length 4 to 8 in.; breadth 1:4 t6 2-4 in.

petiole ‘2 to 3 in. Sprkes axillary or feacnlietk exceeding the pee

very slender, pendulous ; bracteoles minute, caducous. Flowers small,

numerous but not crowded, sessile or with a very short pedicel, about

°d in. in diameter when expanded. Calyx with obconic, rusty-pubescent

tube less than ‘1 in. long, and 4 broad, rounded teeth half as long.

Stamens *5 in. long. Fruit sub-globose, glabrous, crowned by the

enlarged calyx-lobes, about ‘6 in. in diam. Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. I, Pt..

1, 489; Vriese Ned. Kruidk. Arch. IIL, 41. Stravidiwm spicatum, DC.

Prodr. III, 289; Blume in Van Houtte Flore des Serres VII, 24.

S. spicatum and globosum, Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II, Bot. 1,

85, Gustavia globosa, Span. Trans. Linn. Soc. XV, 204. ? Stravidium

denussum, pubescens, reticulatum, Horsfieldii and serratwm, Miers-t.c. 81 to

86. ?S. coccineum, DC. Prodr. IIT, 289; Miers l.c. |

- Mauacoa: Griffith (K.D.) 2425; Derry 1221 ; Maingay (K.D.) 765.

Penana: Curtis 397. Trana: King’s Collector 1404. Perak: King’s

Collector 4681. Province Wetuestey: Ridley 7043, Duisrris.—Java,

Borneo ; Motley 537, 582; Zollinger Cat. 534.

_ This resembles B. acutangula, Gzertn., but differs in having sessile flowers,

shorter stamens, and sub-globose not. elongated angular fruit. The leaves also are

less obovate. It is a widely distributed species and therefore presents various

forms, many of which have been treated as species.

11. PLANCHONIA, Blume.

Trees with alternate, membranous, crenulate, pinnately-nerved leaves

without dots, crowded towards the ends of the branches. Flowers white

or yellowish-green, in short terminal racemes. Calyx-tube turbinate,

little produced beyond the ovary; its mouth with 4 imbricate lobes,

Petals 4, imbricate. Stamens very numerous, in several series, slightly

united at the base into a ring, the inner without anthers, the filaments

of all long and slender. Ovary inferior, 3- 4-celled, crowned by an

annular disc. Style 1, long, slender, crowned by the small stigma;

ovules many in each cell. Fruit large, fibrous, ovoid, crowned by the

persistent calyx-lobes, 1-3-celled. Seeds several, ellipsoid, the testa

coriaceous, albumen absent, cotyledons short. D1str1s.—Three species ;

littoral, from the Andaman islands to Australia.

142 G. King—Matervals for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [ No.1,190Y.]

Leaves obovate, distinctly crenulate; flowers sessile sno et Ey eodaear

Leaves broadly elliptic, eae crenulate; flowers on

long pedicels er with ee: ised andamanica.

1. PLANCHONIA SUNDIACA, Mig. A i 50 feet high; . young

branches thicker than a goose-quill, the bark rough, pale-brown. Leaves

distinctly crenulate, obovate, much and gradually narrowed into the

petiole; the apex with a short triangular apiculus; both surfaces

brown (when dry), the reticulations faint: main-nerves 12 to 18 pairs,

spreading, depressed on the upper prominent and often pale in colour

on the lower surface ; Jength 3 to 65 in.; breadth 1:75 to 3.in.; petiole

*3 to ‘6 in. Racemes 2 in. long, fou famep ed. Flowers aaa with

pink towards the centre, about 15 in. long, sessile. Calyx-tube °6 or

‘7 in. long, campanulate, ribbed below: the lobes oblong, broad, subacute.

Petals narrowly oblong, acute, longer than the calyx and about as long

as the stamens. Fruit (unripe) broadly oblong-ovoid.

Perak: Wray 2366; King’s Collector 7096. Distv1s.—Sumatra,

Forbes 3254. .

2. PLANCHONIA ANDAMANICA, King n. sp.’ A tree; young branches

as thick as a goose-quill, pale-brown, smooth. Leaves broadly elliptic

or elliptic-rotund, slightly and abruptly tapered into the narrowly

winged petiole, the apex with a short triangular acumen, the edges

indistinctly crenulate ; upper surface olivaceous-brown, the lower pale-

brown, not olivaceous; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, spreading, dark on

the upper and pale on the lower surface but not very bold on either,

length 5 to 7 in.; breadth 3 to 4 in.; petioles “6 to ‘8 in. Racemes

3 or 4 in. long; the flowers about 2 in. long on stalks 1 to 2 in. long.

Calyx “8 or ‘9 in. long, campanulate, its lobes large, elliptic-rotund,

obtuse. Petals broadly elliptic, very obtuse. Fruit unknown.

Anpaman Isnanps: King’s Collector.

PIN RIAN NOT NANTES

——— - ae 2

REFERENCES.

Spleen Rate 0 to 15°/, =

Ditto 15 to 30°/, =

Ditto 30 to 45°/, == KW

Ditto 45 to 60°/, =

Ditto over 60°/, = a

Railway... 5 eerecenet ne ere

Municipal Boundary —.—._._._.-

Ward Limits.

Lakes......

Nilbpeete ny ee

(1) Maniktolla West.

(2) Ditto East.

3) Chitpore West.

Cossipore East.

7) South Dum-Dum, Ward 1.

(8) ll.

O) on ee ae

(10) Barranagar, Ward |.

(11) mn mlb

) BI] ”

(14) Kamarhati West.

(15) ” East.

(16) North Dum-Dum West.

i East.

WN)

(18) Agorpara.

(19) Panihatti.

) Nona.

(24) Tittaghar, Ward lV.

(25) Ill,

” ib

(28) Monirampore,

(29) Nawabgung.

(30) Jehapore.

(31) Gurulia North.

(32) ,, South.

(33) Bhatparah, Ward III,

G4) oy ” iH

(35) ” y

(36) Naihati, Ward 1,

QB) » » ll

{ih

ae By

(40) nV

(41) Baraset, Wards | & Il.

(42) y i

MAP,

ILLUSTRATING THE

SPLEEN RATE OF THE MUNICIPALITIES

ON THE

EAST BANK OF HOOGLY TO THE NORTH

OF CALCUTTA.

Scale 1 Inch= 1 Mile,

* 2 * 2

18) Cossipore East.

South Dum-Dum, Ward |.

(8) y y ” i

” ” YW

0) Barranagar, Ward 1.

(eee on lik

(13 a” ”

(14) Kamarhati West.

1 East

” ast,

(16) North Dum-Dum West.

East,

23) Nona.

(24) Tittaghar, Ward IV.

(25 » ow Ith

(26) » Ih

2) tu,

(28) Monirampore.

(29) Nawabgung.

(30) Jehapore.

(31) Gurulia North.

(32) ,, ‘South.

(33) Bhatparah, Ward Ill,

(34) Il.

(i) oe ae —-.

ee sleet vem WR EE | rrr rrr: rr

” ail *

(38) 4 5 Uhh

B93) oy » MW

(9) oy ip, Mb

(41) Baraset, Wards | & Il.

42) re Pal:

(43) oy » = N,

(44) ” u V.

Fone

” BARRACKPORE

CANTONMENT

Noa)

USS

KHARDAH KHAL ===

-\ie

;

/KOCHOBIL

ed)

“)

Reg. No, 661, San,, B.—J uly 01.—750.

~o oe ) ee eee

JOURNAL

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,

—3 ofe e.

Vol. LXX. Part II.—NATURAL SCIENCE.

No. II.—1901.

V1I.—Wolf Hybrids in Gilgit.— By Masor J. Manners-Smuitn, V.C., C.1..

[Read 7th August, 1901, |

During the last few years, since about 1897 a species of wild dog,

bred as it would seem from a true wolf and a domestic village dog has

existed round the village of Minawar some 9 miles from Gilgit.

The first specimen which [I saw was by moonlight at Jutial some

3 miles from Gilgit in December, 1898, or in January, 1899. At the time

I mistook the beast for a wild dog (Cyon), it being evident from its

general appearance that it was not a wolf; and J had not then heard of

the hybrids.

The animal was exactly like the specimen the skin and skull of

which was sent to the Indian Museum in May, 1901, and like a live

bitch which is still in my possession and the photograph of which is

attached. |

The next specimen | saw was my bitch ‘“Junegly.” She was

brought in as a puppy in May, 1899. In appearance she was sooty

coloured with ears that drooped forward. The villagers who brought her

declared that she was a wolf and that they had seen the mother dis-

tinctly, The other puppies with her some 4 or 5 in number had, they said,

escaped. | unfortunately did not institute any enquiries at the time,

still thinking that the puppy was that of a wild dog and that the vil-

lagers did not know or recognise the difference between wolves and

wild dogs.

J. in. 19

144 J. Manners-Smith— Wolf Hybrids in Gilgit. [ No, 2,

Later on however when my bitch grew up examination proved by

dentition, number of mamme and other characteristics such as the lack

of any marked brush in tail, and her abnormal weight for a true wild

dog that she belonged to the genus Canis and not to Cyon. It thus

became evident that she must be a ‘hybrid’ and TI began to make

enquiries at Minawar to try and verify facts.

Unfortunately no very certain or absolutely reliable evidence of the

animal’s pedigree has been obtained. It was a well known fact however

as I learnt then and from snbsequent enquiries that a female wild

animal—the villagers declare it to be a bitch wolf—has for 3 years past

in successive winters, 7.e., in 1898-99, 1899-1900, and now again in 1900-

1901 when in season hung about the village precincts and has attracted

the attentions of their village dogs. These have followed her some

way from the village and from them she has been pleased to select a

mate to satisfy her natural desires. This phenomenon has been seen

and is vouched for by several reliable eye witnesses. For three years

now the results of this strange union have been proved by the capture

of the young cubs.

First in 1899, when my bitch was canght and brought in to me in

May. The pups then were fairly big and several escaped, one only

being caught.

Then in 1900, on this occasion all the pups some 8 or 9 in number

were caneht, but were killed by the goat herd boys who found them

when quite small. As I happened to be away from Gilgit no report was

made to me at the time and no specimens of the puppies were kept to

show.

Finally this year in 1901. First the pups were caught and

bronght in to Gilgit and a few days after the mother. As she was

injured by the trap and appeared to be dying I had her killed as well

as 2 of her pups and sent the skins and skulls to the Indian Museum.

One or two of the pups are still alive in Gilgit. They are almost

entirely like the village dog sire and show little sign of the wolf strain

or of the characteristics of the mother except that they are shyer and

more furtive in their movements than ordinary puppies. Apart however —

from the evidence of the men who brought in the pups I am satisfied

from their wild behaviour when brought to me and which they had not

abandoned entirely several weeks after capture when last I saw them

that they were really the offspring of the wild bitch. J put the pups

to the mother when she was brought in to Gilgit and she allowed them

to try and suckle her and though injured did nothing to harm them

and appeared pleased to have them near her.

According to the villagers’ statement the litter of last year which

1904. |] J. Manners-Smith— Wolf Hybrids in Galgit. 140

was killed off was exactly like that of this year, ¢.e., the puppies all took

after the domestic dog sire and not the wild mother.

On the other hand the litter of 1899 included my biteh ‘ Jungly ”’

and, according to the villagers, several other puppies like her which

escaped. All of these had fur of the wild wolf colour and in appearance

were nearer to the wolf than to the domestic dog.

One of them is probably the mother of this year’s puppies, viz., the

specimen which is now in the Indian Museum, and at least one other

exactly like her iu shape though with very light coloured almost white

fore-legs was seen by me twice during the winter of 1900-1901 when

ont shooting between Gilgit and Minawar. These two animals have

been known to kill village sheep and goats and have also been seen

stalking herds of wild Oorial (0. vignit).

The hills round Minawar are infested with real wolves, more being

caught and killed there each year than anywhere else in the district,

My theory as to the origin of these animals is the following. That in

the first instance, possibly in the winter of 1897-98 a dog wolf lured

away a domestic dog bitch from the village of Minawar, or possibly

that an old wolf bitch discarded by her own kind or injured in some

way accepted the services of a Minawar village dog.

There would seem to have been a litter in 1893, if the animal | saw

in the winter of 1898-99 was really one of these hybrids,

Since then at any rate it is certain that at least 3 litters of hybrids

have been produced, and it seems probable that the last two, ¢.e., those

born in 1900 and in 1901, were a second cross from the true wolf. As

one or more of the puppies of the 1899 litter some of which escaped

when my ‘Juugly’ was caught, would seem to have followed the bad

example of their mother and to have consorted with the Minawar village

dogs. This may account for their offspring being so much more like the

true dog than they themselves.

An attempt made to breed from my ‘“Jungly ” unfortunately failed.

She was served by a half bred retriever spaniel in December, 1900.

About the usual period for canine gestation she gave signs of being in

pup. . Her milk glands filled and she became unusually quiet and geutle

and displayed great affection for the pups of another dog bitch which

had been bornshortly before. Usually she cannot be trusted unmuzzled

with strange dogs or puppies. Nothing however resulted from

herself.

“Jungly’s” character is interesting aud perhaps worth a short

description. Though she has been brought up with domestic dogs from

the time she was a month or so old her wild instincts are by no means

subdued. She will still hunt anything she can unless carefully watched

’

146 C. G. Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera. _[No. 2,

and rated. She is inclined to bully small dogs, even those she knows

well, especially of the weaker sex.

Her intelligence is considerable and though still shy of men and of

strangers she shows affection for me and follows me well both on foot

and when riding.

As an instance of her retentive memory the following anecdote

may be of interest. When she was quite a small puppy a rather short

tempered fox-terrier was sent me to take care of during the summer,

This dog attacked her on one occasion and bit off the tip of her ear.

Several months later when she had grown to nearly full size the dog

aud his owner were walking round the Kennels, when the latter asked

me to let ‘Jungly’ loose. Without thinking I did so and she at once

savaged the little dog, which she undoubtedly remembered, and was with

dificulty prevented from killing him. Since then she has always been

suspicious of whitc dogs, and is generally inclined to attack dogs of that

colour, though usually indifferent to others unless excited or aggrieved

herself.

From regular feeding and the care taken of her ‘Jungly’ has

grown a good deal heavier than the ‘“ wild specimen” killed this year in

Gilgit and sent to the Museum. Her coat also is not quite so dark, but

in all other respects she appeared to me identical when they were

compared, Her weight and measurements are as follows :—

Dimensions. Head and body 43 inches, tail without hair 13;, with

hair 14¢; Tarsus and hind foot, anterior aspect=7 inches, posterior

aspect=9 inches; Height at shoulder 24 inches ; round skull and jaws

in front of ears over hair 18 inches, Weight=about 60 lbs.

SOS ees

VIJ.—New species of Indian Hymenopteraa—By Masox C. G. Nurse.

[ Read 6th November, 1901. |

I venture to seud descriptions of some uew species of Apidew, which

neither Mr. P. Cameron nor I have been able to identify with any des-

eribed species. These are a portion of my collection of Hymenoptera

made during the past three or four years, some of which have already

been described by Colonel Bingham and Mr. Cameron, and the latter is

still engaged in working out the remainder. I obtained altogether some

450 species, counting only the families dealt with by Colonel Bingham

in his Hymenoptera, Vol. I of the Fauna of British India Series, and

of these nearly a fourth appear to be hitherto undescribed.

1. Haurotus KrisHna, n. sp.

¢. Head and thorax closely and tnely punctured, basal segment of

1901.7 C. G. Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera. 147

abdomen impunctate, remaining segments with minute shallow punc-

tures ; cordate space at the baseof median segment reticulate in the

centre, the sides with oblique divergent striz ; margins of abdominal

segments in most specimens somewhat constricted. Dark brouze-green,

basal half of antenne black, becoming reddish-brown at apex;

pubescence greyish-white; wings hyaline, with a slight fulvous tint,

nervures and tegule testaceous.

@. Similar; apex of clypeus pale testaceous.

Hab. Simla; Kashmir.

Length 5-7 mm,; Exp. 9-11 mm.

2. HAtLIcTus CLARUS, n. sp.

9. Head and thorax very minutely and closely punctured, the

puuetures apparent only under a stroug glass, clypeus with a few

coarse punctures; enclosed space at the base of median segment finely

reticulate, the segment concavo-truncate at apex; abdomen impunctate,

the segments slightly constricted. Black and shining, where not

hidden by pubescence; flagellum of antenna more or less red, the

apices of the abdominal segments testaceous, tibiew and tarsi of the

anterior leas, and femora, tibie and tarsi of the median and posterior

legs, honey-yellow; pubescence greyish-white, short, but especially

dense on the head, scutellum, and basal margins of the abdominal

segments; wings clear Hyaline, nervures and tegule pale testaceous.

Hab. Deesa.

Length 6mm.; Hxp. 12mm.

3. HALICTUS FULGENS, u. sp.

Q. Head finely and closely, thorax more sparsely, punctured,

abdomen almost impunctate ; cordate space at base of median segment

finely reticulate, very convex, its apex forming a distinct ridge;

clypeus much produced, transverse at apex. Jet black and shining,

very thinly covered with greyish pubescence, which becomes more

dense on the legs. In some specimens the apices of the abdominal

segments are testaceous ; wings hyaline, nervures and tegule testaceous.

@. Similar, the base of first abdominal segment constricted,

pubescence on the legs testaceous.

Hab. Simla.

Length 6-7mm.; Hxp. 14mm.

This species resembles H. nireus, Bingham, (Jour. B., Nat. Hist.

Soc. Vol. XII p. 124) but is a smaller and slighter insect, the clypeus

is more produced, and thorax is sparsely aud not closely punctured. I

have a long series of eavh species, and they are veadily separable.

14 C. G. Nurse—New species of India Hymeuoptera. [No. 2,

4, HALicrus TESTACEUS, n. sp.

9. Head and thorax finely and closely punctured, abdomeu with

shallower punctures, cordate space at base of median segment reticulate.

Head aud thorax black, antenne reddish-brown, legs and abdomen

testaceous, becoming paler on the apical margins of the abdominal

segments and on the tarsi; pubescence greyish and somewhat sparse ;

wings hyaline, nervures and tegule testaceous.

Hab. Simla.

Length 4-5 mm,; Exp. 10 mm.

5. NOoMIA SHIVA, n. sp.

9. Head somewhat coarsely punctured, the punctures running into

striz on the sides of the clypeus; thorax more closely and finely

punctured, abdomen almost impunctate; cnclosed space at base of

median segment longitudinally striate; three longitudinally impressed

lines on mesonotum, the outer two very faint. Black, the pubescence

greyish-white, dense on the clypeus and front as far as the base of the

antennx, on the pronctum, postscutellum, leys, and apical margins of

abdominal segments, on the latter forming broad bands. The apical

margins of the abdominal segments when denuded of pubescence are

pale, almost testaceous ; wings hyalime, apical margins faintly fusees-

cent ; nervures and tegule testaceous.

Hab. Deesa; Ferozepur.

Length 8-9 mm.; Exp. 15-16 mm.

6. NOMIA HIMALAYANA, 0. sp.

9. Head closely and somewhat coarsely punctured, the punctures

on the apex of the clypeus ruuning, into striz; mesonotum and

abdomen finely and closely, median segment more sparsely punctured ;

space at the base of median segmeut longitudinally striate ; head with

an impressed line from near base of antenne to anterior ocellus.

Black, the pubescence rich fulvous, and very dense on the mesonotum,

scutellum, and postscutellum, pale fulvous and less dense on the head,

legs, and margins oi the abdominal segments; wings hyaline, nervures

and tegule testaceous.

3. Similar, the pubescence thinner, and, except on the thorax,

almost cinereous. Posterior femora and tibise comparatively sinall.

Hab. Simla.

Length 7-8 mm.; Exp. 18 mm.

7. NOMADA FLAVOZONATA, Nn. Sp.

Q. Head and thorax closely punctured, having a granular

appearance, abdomen shining and more finely punctured; enclosed

——

ee ee eS

1901. | O. G, Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera, 149

space at the base of median segment rugose in the centre, the sides

with divergent striz, which become very fine apically ; head above base

of antenne concave; three longitudinally impressed lines on mesonotum,

the outer two very faint; scutelluam large and prominent. Red; the

apex of the mandibles, a spot near the base of the antennx, another

round the ocelli, the enclosed space at the base, the sides below, of the

median segment, and narrow apical bands on the first three abdominal

segments, black; median transverse bands, narrowed in the centre, on

abdominal segments 2—4, yellowish; the head sparsely, and the sides

of the median segment more densely pubescent, the pubescence with

a golden tinge; wings subhyaline and irridescent, their apices slightly

infuscated, tegule red, nervures reddish-brown.

$. Black; the clypeus, labrum, basal portion of the mandibles,

front below the bases of the antenne (except two narrow outwardly

diverging lines from the base of antennz to the sides of the clypeus)

the tegule, scutellum, postsentelluam, and broad medial bands on the

abdominal seements yellow; legs yellow, except the inner portions of

the intermediate and posterior femora, which are ferrugineous, anda

black macula on the inside of the posterior tibise; scape of antenne

yellow below, black above, flagellum ferrngineous red, with a black spot

on joints 2—5; clypeus and front, scape of antennse, median segment,

thorax below, and base of first abdominal segment, with white pube-

seence ; wings slightly more hyaline than in the 9.

Hab. Ferozepur,

Length ¢ 10 mm., ¢ 12 mm.; Exp. ? 18mm., & 21 mm.

8. NoMapba LUCILLA, n. sp.

_ &. Head and thorax closely but not very finely punctured, enclosed

space at base of median segment reticulate, abdomen impunctate, shining.

Black; the labrum, mandibles except at apex, the apex of the clypeus

and of the front on each side, and two irregular spots on each of the

abdominal segments yellow, the spots on the second and sixth segments

largest ; flagellum of the antenne reddish-brown ; apices of the femora

and the whole of the tibie of the intermediate and posterior legs

ferrugineous ; abdomen mottled with ferrugineous, giving ita bronzy

appearance ; clypeus and front with golden pubescence, thorax below

and sides of median segment with somewhat sparse whitish pubescence

wings subhyaline, somewhat darker towards the apex of the forewing:

a clear hyaline patch across fourth {cubital and third discoidal cells ;

teoule ferrugineous-red, nervures black.

Hab. Simla.

Length 8 mm. ; Exp. 15 mm.

150 O. G. Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera. _[ No. 2,

9. NOMADA PRISCILLA, n. sp.

9 &. Headand thorax closely but not very finely punctured, median

segment and abdomen impunctate; postscutellum very prominent; an

impressed line on the median segment, enclosed space at the base of the .

segment raised, sharply defined, convex, a few outwardly divergent strise

at base, slightly rugose. Red; the abdomen black and shining ; two

yellow spots on second, fifth and sixth segments ; some specimens have

a similar spot on the fourth segment, and in others the spots, except on

the second segment, are obsolete ; pubescence white, very sparse, longest

on median segment; wings hyaline, apex infuseated, tegule red, nervures

reddish-brown.

Hab. Deesa; Matheran.

Length 5 mm. ; Exp. 10 mm.

10. Mreacuine Carnroxystpes, Bingham.

This species was described by Bingham in the Journal of the

Bombay Natural History Society, Vol. XII, Part I, from my specimens

he described the ?, as I had not thena &. The following is a descrip-—

tion of the latter.

3. Similar to the ?, but more slender, the abdomen cylindrical,

not tapering towards the apex; the margins of the segments strongly

constricted, apical segment with several teeth ; the anterior tarsi normal,

not dilated.

11. MeGACHILE VERA, 0. Sp.

@. Closely resembles M. cxeliovysides, Bingham, but is a somewhat

robuster insect; it differs only im having the trochanters and femora of the

intermediate and posterior legs blood-red, and the femora of the anterior

legs dark-red.

3. Resembles M. cceeliowysides of the same sex, except that the

apices of the tibie and the whole of the tarsi of the anterior legs are

pale testaceous, the first joint of the tarsi being somewhat dilated ; the

intermediate legs have the trochanters, femora, and the apex of the tibie,

and the posterior legs the trochanters and femora light red; the

pubescence, especially on the clypeus and front, has a golden tint.

Hab. Deesa; Matheran.

Length 7-9 mm. ; Exp. 13-15 mm.

12. ME&GACHILE KATINKA, Nn. Sp.

9. Closely resembles 4f. ceelsoaysides, Bingham, but the pollen

brush is light red, and not white.

3. Resembles the same sex of M. celioxysides, except that the

1901.] C. G. Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera. 151

apex of the abdomen is notched but not dentate; the pubescence has

a yellowish tint, especially on the clypens and front.

Hab. Matheran.

Length 8-9 mm., Exp. 16-18 mm. |

Although the above three species bear considerable superficial

resemblance to one another as regards size and puncturing, the characters

I have given render then readily separable. I have a long series of each

of them, and these characters are constant in each species.

13. MEGACHILE PATELLA, n. sp.

2. Head thorax and abdomen finely and closely punctured, having a

eranular appearance ; clypeus broader than long, transverse anteriorly ;

an inwardly-curved tooth at each angle of the scutellum, basal segment

of the abdomen very slightly constricted. Black; the pubescence white

and very sparse, forming narrow bands on apical margins of abdominal

segments 1-5, yellowish-red on the inside of the posterior tarsi;

pollen-brush golden ; wings hyaline, nervures and tegulee black.

3. Similar, but smaller.

Hab. Simla.

Length 6-7 mm.; Exp. 12-14 mm.

14, MEGACHILE ULRICA, n. sp.

@. Head, thorax and abdomen closely punctured, havinga granular

appearance; apical margins of abdominal segments 2-5 depressed,

the depressed portion with pubescent bands. Black, the legs variegated

below with dark red ; pubescence very sparse, pure white on the head

and thorax, abdominal bands greyish-white ; on the tarsi the pubescence

is testaceous, and on the inside of the posterior tarsi golden-red ; wings

hyaline, tegulee light red, nervures black.

Hab. Matheran.

Length 8 mm.; Exp. 14 mm.

15. ANTHIDIUM SALTATOR, 0. sp.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen closely and finely punctured ; head

slightly broader than thorax, clypeus quadrilateral, its anterior margin

transverse ; abdomen nearly as broad as long. Pale yellow; the flagellum

of the antenne, tips of the tarsi, base of the scutellum, and broad

hands on the apical margins of abdominal segments, light red: the tips

of the mandibles, extreme base of the scape of the antennsx, the region

of the ocelli, the central portion of the mesonotum (except two parallel

yellow lines), and a line on the tibiz, black; pubescence and _pollen-

brush white; wings hyaline, tegule yellow, witha red spot in the

centre, nervures black.

gi. 11,20

152 C. G. Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera. [No. 2,

3. Similar; subapical segment with two, and apical segment with

four teeth: a line on all the femora, and the whole of the posterior

trochanters, black.

Hab. Deesa.

Length 8-9 mm.; Exp. 16-18 mm.

16. ANTHIDIUM VIATICOM, n. sp.

Q. Head, thorax and abdomen closely and finely, the sides of the

clypeus and the face below the base of the antenne more sparsely and

shallowly punctured ; clypeus hexagonal, the anterior margin tranverse

and dentate, eyes slightly convergent below. Black; two spots near

the apical angles of the clypeus, the sides of the face below the base of

the antennee, an elongate spot on each side of the face behind the eyes,

a similar spot on the basal margin of the mesonotum, the margins of

the scutellum, four irregularly-quadrate spots on abdominal segments

1-4 and two similar spots on abdominal segments five and six,

yellow ; legs variegated black and yellow ; pubescence sparse, greyish

white, pollen-brush white with a fuscous tinge; wings subfuscous,

tegule very large, testaceous-red with dull yellow margins,nervures black.

3. Similar, larger; clypeus; entirely pale yellow, with shallow

punctures, its apical margin non-dentate, the four quadrate spots on

abdominal segments 1-5, sixth segment with a single coronet-shaped

spot ; apical abdominal segment with five teeth.

Hab. Matheran.

Length 2? 7-8mm., d 9mm.; Exp. ? 14-15 mm., d 18 mm.

17. CERATINA CEREA, 0, sp.

@ é. Smooth andimpunctate ; eyes slightly emarginate, distinctly

converging below, median segment somewhat long, anterior portion

almost flat, apical portion steeply sloped ; abdomen longer than the head

and thorax united, basal segment constricted. Black: the clypeus, scape

of the antenne in front, the sides of the pronotum, two elongate spots

on second and third abdominal segments, the whole of the tarsi and the

greater part of the tibia of all the legs, bright yellow; antenne

reddish-brown; wings clear hyaline, tegule yellow, nervures very pale

testaceous, except the postcostal nervure and that enclosing the radial

cell, which are dark-brown.

Hab. UDeesa.

Length 5-6 mm.; Exp. 10-11 mm.

18. CERATINA MUSCATELLA, 0, sp.

@ ¢. Smooth and shining, a few scattered punctures on the posterior

margins of the head and on the mesonotum, third and following

1901.] C. G. Nurse—New species of Indian Hymenoptera. 153

abdominal segments finely and closely punctured ; an impressed line along

the centre of the mesonotum, median segment rounded posteriorly, steeply

sloped, the enclosed space at its base very convex, and having a medial

longitudinal carina. Black; a spot on the clypeus, a broad line from

near the base of the antennz along the inner orbit of each eye, a narrow

line on the cheeks, an interrupted line on the pronotum, a spot below the

_ tegule, two contiguous spots on the scntellum, and aspot at the base of

the posterior tibize, pale yellow; the abdomen in some specimens more

or less red ; wings hyaline, tegule dark brown, nervures black.

Hab. Simla.

Length 7-8 mm.; Exp. 12-14 mm.

19. CERATINA LOQUATA, n. sp.

9%. Smooth and shining, the third and following abdominal

segments and the enclosed convex space at the base of the median seg-

ment, minutely punctured ; the abdomen increases in width towards the

apex. Black ; a _|-shaped mark on the clypeut, a short line on each side

of it, not quite touching the inner orbits of the eyes, a spot on the labrum,

an interrupted live on the pronotum (absent in some specimens), a spot

below the tegule, two small spots on the scutellum (oftey obsolete), a

line on the tibiz of the anterior legs, and a spot at the base of the tibia

of the posterior legs, pale yellow, often with a reddish tinge ; wings hya-

line, sometimes with a slightly fuscous tinge, tegule reddish-brown,

nervures black.

Hab. Simla.

Length 6-7 mm.; Exp. 12-13 mm.

20. CdLIOXYS TAURUS, n. sp.

9. Head and thorax strongly and closely, abdomen more minutely

punctured, the punctures on the fourth and fifth abdominal segments

being extremely fine and shallow, the sixth segment impunctate ; clypeus

broader than long, a conspicuous longitudinal carina on the mesonotum,

teeth of the scutellum moderately long and acute, scutellum rounded

posteriorly; abdomen with segments 2-4 depressed in the middle

apical abdominal segment long, acutely pointed, with a medial carina,

the ventral plate slightly longer than the dorsal. Black; the flagellum

_ of the antenne, the legs, apical abdominal segment above, and the whole

of the abdomen below, dark red; Pubescence snow white, dense on the

clypeus and front, on the cheeks, thorax and median segment below,

forming bands on abdominal segments 1-5 above, these bands much >

widened laterally and below; on the inside of the posterior tibia

and tarsi the pubescence is golden; wings hyaline, with a slight fuscous

154 H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. [No. 2,

tinge at apex, sometimes the whole wings have a fuscous tinge; tegule

black, with a dark red spot in the centre; nervures black.

&. Similar, the whole of the abdomen punctured; the apical

segment with eight teeth, two lateral, four apical above, and two below;

the abdomen below, except the apical segment, is black, not red.

Hab. Deesa.

Length ¢ 8-llmm., & 7-9 mm.; Exp. 9 14-18 mm., ¢ 12-14 mm.

Eee

VIII.—Studies in the Chemistry and Physiology of the Tea Leaf. Part I.

The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf.—By Haroup H. Many, B.Sc.

[ Received November 27th; Read December 4th, 1901. ]

The production of a food product from the leaves of plants is in

actual practice of very rare occurrence. Except in the case of a few

vegetables and potherbs, and of some leaves used only as narcotics and

stimulants, it may be said not to exist except in the case of tea. And in

the production of tea, if the type of leaf used, the method of collection,

the induction by artificial means of a constant unnatural succession of

young growg shoots be taken into consideration, the whole question

becomes of so exceptional a character that a study of the chemical and

physiological condition prevailing under such circumstances would

probably be extremely interesting. If, in addition, such a study be

combined with that of the changes which take place in the leat after

plucking until its conversion into black tea,—changes which result in

profound alterations in the substances present and which altogether

alter the commercial characteristics of these products, the matter becomes

one of great economic importance. In the series of papers I hope to_

contribute to the Asiatic Society on this subject, and of which this is the

first, I shall try, however, to very largely eliminate the direct economic

interest, which will be reserved for another place and another occasion.

In order, however, to follow the subject it will be necessary to

give a short account of the processes by which tea is produced. The

tea leaf as used in this manufacture consists of the youngest leaf

on the plant, and only the youngest two open leaves on each shoot to-

gether with the unopened leaf bud are now usually plucked. This

necessitates, if a large amount of leaf is not to get too old for plucking,

and hence to be wasted, that every bush should be gone over by

an expert plucker about every seven days. Having obtained the leaf

in this manner, it is allowed to wither—to lose its turgescence—by

exposure in very thin layers to air as cool as possible until the whole

has got to such a conditivn that on rubbing in the hand the leaves no

1901. } H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. 155

longer break, but are sufficiently pliable to roll up. At this stage it is

rolled, a process whose effect is to break the cells of the leaf, allow the

sap to spread itself over the surface, and so come in contact with air

during the process of fermentation. This latter merely consists in

exposing, fora time varying from two to six hours, the rolled leaf in thin

layers in as cool and airy a room as possible. Marked changes here

take place; the green leaf takes on a brown coppery colour and acquires

an aroma totally different from that of fresh leaf. When sufficiently

fermented,—which is judged at present entirely by appearance and

smell,—the whole mass of tea is dried usually by a powerful current of

hot air, sorted and put on the market.

It is evident that the changes important from our point of view

principally takes place during withering and fermentation. Withering

has usually been considered to be little else than a process of partial

drying without the loss of pliability which would take place were the

operation conducted at a high temperature, and the idea that profound

chemical changes may take place has hardly been mooted. On the

other hand, the speculations as to the nature and cause of the fermenta-

tion process have been legion. In the early days it was usually consi-

dered to be merely incipient putrefaction, and this idea was supported

by the fact that a slightly longer exposure than that given leads to an

intensification of the brown colour, to the development of increased acidity

and ultimately to putrefactive decomposition.

Prior to the experiments of Mr. Bamber,* the statements made

rested on no experimental basis. His work however has revolutionised

the ideas on the subject. He maintained (1) that very few orga.

nisms were present, and the time was too limited for their development

in quantity, and that hence the process could not be caused by bac-

teria, (2) that the fermentation will not take place in absence of oxygen,

even if the oxygen was replaced by carbon dioxide, (3) that a large

quantity of air is required, (4) that after heating the leaf with dry

steam for a few minutes the fermentation proceeded normally. Hence he

maintained that the so-calld fermentation process was not a fermen-

tation at all, but was due merely to the direct chemical action of the

atmospheric oxygen on the constituents of the juice exposed in thin layers,

and he hence substituted the term ‘“ oxidation” for ‘‘ fermentation” in

naming the process.

In this position the question remained, except for mere speculative

opinions,f until the beginning of 1900, when Mr. Bamber returned

to the question, and to a certain extent revised his former opinion. He

* Chemistry and Agriculture of Tea, 1893.

+ See, for instance, D, Crole, Journal of the Society of Arts.

156 H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. [No. 2,

then wrote as follows: * “Quite recently I have succeeded after

numerous attempts in isolating a minute proportion of a soluble

oxidising ferment somewhat similar to the oxidases recently discovered

in several plants of different natural orders. The substance in question,

which evidently has a considerable bearing on the oxidising properties of

the tea, apparently does not exist in the active form in the fresh green

leaf, but is changed either during the withering if the leaf is bruised,

or during the rolling processes when the various organic acids, etc., are

liberated from the cells.’ This was, I believe, the first announcement

of the discovery of a soluble ferment or oxidase in the tea leaf, and

of course it meant that Mr. Bamber no longer attributed the changes

which take place entirely to the oxidising action of the air independently

of ferments of any kind.

Later in 1900 in a private communication to me, Mr. C. R. Newton

of Kurseong stated that he had detected an oxidase in the leaf, but the

observation was never published till a few weeks ago.t In the meantime

Mr. Aso, a Japanese scientist, has published his discovery of the

same ferment, but as I have not been able to get hold of the publication

in which he announces his work,{ I am unable to say to what extent he

has carried his researches.

My own work was done by the courtesy of Messrs. Finlay, Muir

& Co., the Agents, the Amalgamated Tea Estate Company, Ld., the

Owners, and Mr. J. D. Gwilt, the Manager of the Moondakotee Tea

Estate, Darjeeling, on that estate, during the past tea-making season.

In trying to ascertain the nature of the changes which occur dur-

ing the manufacture of tea leaf, it seemed of primary importance

to determine to what extent, if any, bacterial action intervened, especially

as Mr. Bamber’s experiments were not quite convincing on the subject.

For this purpose it was necessary to cultivate any organisms which

might be present on a medium which would as far as possible eliminate

the ordinary putrefactive bacteria and only allow those which could

have any effect on the tea leaf to grow. This at once puts out of court

such common media as peptogelatin, peptone-agar-agar, or any similar

preparations as the basis of cultivation in which, as a matter of fact, a

large number of putrefactive organisms (many of them of the Bacillus

subtilis type) do actually grow when fermenting tea is placed in contact

with them. The medium finally adopted consisted of tea leaf itself

ground up finely, and then placed in small patches } to 13 inches in

* Report on Ceylon Tea Soils. Colombo, 1900.

+ Indian Gardening and Planting. November 7th, 1901.

{Bulletin of the Imperial College of Agriculture, Tokio. 1901. Vol. 4,

page 204.

1901. | H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. 157

diameter inside a petri dish, and sterilised. A slight change of colour

took place during sterilisation, but afterwards none, and dishes so prepar-

ed could be kept for weeks. The sterilised tea leaf thus obtained was

then inoculated with fermenting leaf, and in about two days colonies

were evidently appearing. After three days’ culture, these were examined

and inoculated with sterilised tea juice, and after a further three days’

growth there, the cultures of the second generation were utilised. In

every case only one organism was certainly found. It produced colonies

consisting of yellowish brown slimy masses without shape, and raised

up like drops from the mass of the sterilised tea leaf. In texture these

colonies were sticky and a little ropy. Under the microscope the orga-

nism was found to be a small bacillus about 1: 2 » long and nearly 1 pu

broad. A pure culture having been obtained sterilised leaf was inocul-

ated with a solution containing the organism in large amounts. No

change whatever took place in colour in three hours,—the normal time

of fermentation,—but a sour smell had developed. If freshly rolled

leaf, instead of sterilised leaf, were used, the inoculated portion had

taken on a sour smell in 1} hours, while the check experiment was

equally coloured, but the fermentation was proceeding normally. The

organism was evidently in fact one of the many lactic acid bacteria and

had no part whatever in the normal process of fermentation. Inasmuch

as this was the only microbe which could be isolated in this way, as it

had no effect on the colouring of the tea leaf, and as it caused the leaf

to become sour earlier than it would otherwise have done, one may, I

think, take it as finally settled that microbial organisms play no essen-

tial part in the fermentation of tea, and that when present they are

rather of the nature of impurities than essential factors in the process.

In the absence of bacteria capable of causing the changes observed

during the fermentation of tea, it was natural to look for enzyme action,

especially as during the past five years the effect of unorganised

ferments has been discovered to be paramount in cases where their

influence had hardly been previously suspected. The curing and

fermentation of tobacco is an example. Here Oscar Loew* has shown

that the changes taking place during both these processes are pri-

marily due to the action of enzymes. But in attempting to isolate the

active ferments in tea, one is met at the outset by a difficulty pointed

out long ago by Brown and Morrisf that it was very difficult to extract

enxymes from vegetable tissues in presence of a solution containing

tannin. Since the young tea leaf contains twenty per cent. of tannin

* Reports of the U.S.A. Department Agriculture. Nos. 59,60 and 65,

1899-1901.

+ Journal of the Chemical Society. 1893,

158 H. H. Mann—The Hnzymes of the Tea Leaf. [ No. 2,

(calculated on the dry matter) the difficulty was especially great in the

present case. The method finally adopted for isolating and at a latter

date for estimating the amount of oxidising enzyme present was as

follows :—10 grams of fresh (or 6-6 grams of withered leaf) were ground

up in a mortar till they formed a pulp, and in each case 5 grams of hide

powder (pure for analysis) were added and the mass again ground

thoroughly together. 50 cubic centimeters of water were now thoroughly

incorporated with the mixture and the whole left for two hours. At

the end of this time the mass was filtered quickly through cloth, with

pressure, and the residue washed twice with water. It was found that

practically the whole of the extractable part of the oxidising enzyme

was thus removed. The liquid obtained was now mixed with four

times its volume of alcohol, which precipitated the whole of the enzyme.

After settling thoroughly, the precipitate was filtered again through

cloth, and to the residue 25 to 30 c. c. of water were added. The whole

of the enzyme was thus obtained in a small volume which on filtration

gave a clear liquid in which various tests could be made.

The standard test for oxidising enzymes or oxidases is that with

guaiacum resin. If an alcoholic solution of this resin be mixed witha

liquid containing one of the class of substances under discussion, a blue

colour varying in intensity with the quantity of enzymes present will

appear after two or three minutes. With the solution from tea leaf

prepared as above, this reaction was obtained immediately, and if

further a drop or two of Hydrogen Peroxide were added the reaction

became very much more intense. It was hence at first supposed that

two enzymes were present, the one giving a blue colour without

Hydrogen Peroxide, the other only producing the reaction in its pres-

ence. If this were the case they ought surely to have different resis-

tances to heat, and by this means one ought to be able to separate them.

This was found, however, not to be the case. A solution in water

containing the oxidases was exposed to various temperatures in each

case for three minutes, with the following results :—

ReACTION WITH GUAIACUM RESIN.

. TEMPERATURE. ; ;

Without Hydrogen Peroxide. With Hydrogen Peroxide.

60°C. Just as intense as before henting.| Just as intense as before

heating.

70°C. Do. Do.

80-81°C. Slight decrease in intensity of] Reaction distinctly lower

reaction. in intensity.

83-85°C. Reaction practically disappeared. | Reaction almost dis-

appeared.

1901, | H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. 159

There is therefore no difference in the sensitiveness of the substan-

ces producing the two reactions to heat, and both are destroyed by an

exposure for three minutes in aqueous solution to 83 to 85° C. and the

destruction commences below 80° C. One may therefore say,—and the

conclusion is confirmed by the result of a large number of other attempts

(to be afterwards referred to ) to isolate the two apparently different

enzymes,—that we have no evidence of the presence of more than one

ferment oxidising guaiacum in the tea juice. I am inclined to attribute

the difference in reaction to the presence of part of the ferment in the

juice as zymogen or pro-enzyme, which is brought into definite action

by the Hydrogen Peroxide. The distinction between the reactions with

and without Hydrogen Peroxide, therefore, remains a convenient one,

and [ have kept it up throughout the present work.

To estimate the amount of these enzymes 5c c of the clear liquid

prepared as above, were mixed with an equal volume of alcohol, and

then 10 drops of a solution of guaiacum resin in alcohol added, and the

colour measured ina Lovibond’s tintometer. The measurement must

always be made at the same length of time after the addition of

guaiacum tincture. After the intensity of the colour has been noted,

*5 ¢c.c. of a 10 volume solution of Hydrogen Peroxide were added and the

colour again measured. The intensity of colour gives a rough measure

of the relative amount of enzyme in the several cases, and has been

utilised for this purpose throughout the present work. It depends on

the fact that the colour given is all but absolutely a pure blue, and

hence one can neglect the amount of any other colour which may be pre-

sent in the liquid, and merely take the intensity of the blue as showing

the relative amount of the oxidase.

It seems almost impossible to prepare the enzyme pure in a dried

condition. If the clear solution prepared as above be reprecipitated

with alcohol, a mass is produced very active towards guaiacum solution,

etc., but if an attempt is made to dry the precipitate at a low tempera-

ture its oxidising power rapidly diminishes, and when dry there is

hardly any reaction left. The whole of the reactions had therefore to be

studied in the solution prepared as above, which in addition to the enzyme

contained a certain proportion of gummy, pectic and saline matters.

The oxidase was very sensitive to the action of acids. A solution

of the enzyme was immediately rendered absolutely ineffective ina

solution containing ‘4 per cent. of Sulphuric Acid. ‘04 per cent. had,

however, only very slight effect after 2 hours. 3 percent of Acetic Acid

destroyed the ferment entirely in2 hours. By Alkalies it was less affected

but still was rapidly destroyed. 3 per cent. Ammonia nearly destroyed all

action after 4; hours. Caustic Potash of the same strength had little

J. 1. Ql

160 H, H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Fea Leaf. [No. 2,

effect after 2 hours, but after 4 hours only a slight reaction was ob-

tained until Hydrogen Peroxide was added, when a fairly intense blue

colour was produced with guaiacum tincture. After 18 hours there was

still the difference, though even with Peroxide the colour was much less

intense. This is a strong indication that the latter reagent liberates the

enzyme from a compound (a pro-enzyme) in which it was much less

easily attacked by Alkalies than when already free.

That we have here to deal with an oxidising enzyme was made

clear by its action with hydroquinone and with pyrogallol. In the for-

mer case darkening, indicating oxidation, was very rapid in presence of

the enzyme, and much more so than in check solutions to which either

no addition was made, or to which even a boiled solution of the ferment

had been added. I was not able to isolate the product of oxidation.

The same rapid darkening took place in presence of the enzyme with

pyrogallol. In three hours the colour had become very dark brown,

while both the duplicates were hardly tinted brown. After 15 hours the

difference was extreme, the pyrogallol being almost entirely oxidised in

the one case, only a light brown colour having been produced with boiled

ferment or with none at all. Gallotannic Acid behaved differ-ently

and showed itself far more resistant to oxidation than either of the above

_ substances, very slight change having taken place even after 18 hours.

The reaction with Hydroquinone was so striking that it was used

to determine the optimum temperature for the activity of the enzyme.

Three solutions of Hydroquinone were prepared. No. 1 was kept at

ordinary temperature (26° C.) No. 2 at 50-55° C. No. 3 at 60-62° C.

After 13 hours No. | was hardly changed, while oxidation was proceeding

rapidly in Nos. 2 and 3 and no difference could be detected between

them. After 4 hours however while No. 1 still showed hardly any alter- |

ation, No. 2 was far and away ahead of No. 3 in the progress of the

reaction. It was regrettable that there seemed no means of measuring

exactly this progress, but the experiment clearly shows that the best

temperature for the action of the ferment does not exceed 53° C. and that

it is much more rapid at this temperature than at the usual tem pone ame

at which the operation is carried ont.

The crucial test, however, as to the relation of this oxidase to the fer-

mentation of tea was whether when a solution of the enzyme was added

to tea juice, the colour which forms the mark of fermented tea was

produced more quickly than in a normal case. An experiment on this

ine was therefore made, and the colour was produced considerably

more quickly than in the untreated juice. An attempt was made to

utilise sterilised tea juice for this purpose, but the process of sterilising

to destroy the enzyme (as the ferment cannot be removed by any, filtra-

1901.] H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. 161

tion method) induced such profound changes in the tea juice that it was

impossible to make the absolute test which this method would have

given. When a more rapid colouring of tea juice or tea leaf takes place

in presence of an additional quantity of the enzyme, and at the same time

proceeds normally, there seems no justification for doubting the essential

connection of the oxidase isolated from tea leaf with fermentprocess.

The next point would naturally be to ascertain the part of the leaf

richest in enzyme, and the leaf of the flushing shoot plucked for manu-

facture which contained the most. This was therefore determined by

carefully separating the leaves from one another and from the stalk, and

determining the oxidase in each separately by the method previously

described. The following results were obtained, the amount present in

the tip leaf being unity in each case, and the whole being calculated on

the dry matter of the leaf.

Relative amount of active Relative total amount of

enzyme. enzyme.

‘Tip unopened leaf ... 1:00 1°00

First open leaf er elit. 65 ‘61

Second open leaf... ‘48 80 (?)

Leaf stalk ey 1:64 1:39

This indicates a rapid decrease in the amount of enzyme present

as the leaf becomes older, but that the stalk contains a good deal more

than any other part of the shoot. The above figures much exaggerate

this excess, however, owing to the fact that the stalk contains much more

water than the leaf, and as a matter of fact in the fresh condition the

_tip leaf and the stalk contain about an equal amount of enzyme. It is

interesting to compare the relation of various other constituents of the

leaves to the enzyme as given above, and for the Acidity, the Tannin,

and Phosphoric Acid, we have these as follows :—

LLL TT a, SE SST SSS SS SSS

Acidity in the

Total absence of |

Acidity. ee | Tannin. | Phosphoric Acid.

Mipleat .... as 1:00 loo 1:00 1:00

First open leaf my "94. 1:09 1 03 ‘88

Second open leaf ah 94 1:06 ‘91 wi)

Leaf stalk ... aid’ |p Oh 70 1:09 °86 ‘79

162 H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Lenf. [No. 2,

Tn each case the tip leaf is regarded as unity, and each is calculated

on the dry matter. The acidity due to the tannin in each case amounted

to about half the total acidity, using phenol phthaleim as indicator, and

appeared to be practically identical (on the dry matter) throughout the

flushing shoot. The enzyme therefore appears not to bear any very

close relationship to any of these constituents calculated as above, if the

stalk be included, but if this be left out (as I think it may be, for it is

to a great extent nothing but a channel of conveyance), then the enzyme

will be found to follow both the Tannin and the Phosphoric Acid, but

not the acidity, except that caused by the tannic acid.

The practical consideration now comes in as to the relation of this

enzyme to quality in tea. The only means of ascertaining this was to

compare the leaf from gardens lying near one another producing dis-

tinetly different types of tea, and teas which were regarded by experts

as of different quality. It is necessary, of course, in face of the distri-

bution of the enzyme in the flushing shoot above pointed out, that the

leaf shall be of approximately the same type. For instance, a stalky tea

eaf could not in any sort of fashion be compared with one giving little

stalk. With this reservation, which was taken into account in the experi-

ments which follow, the figures obtained seem to indicate that a large

amount of ferment means a high quality tea, and a reduction in the

enzyme present means a lowering of the flavour of the product. It isin

the flavour that the effect is most marked, the strength of the tea being

not nearly so much affected.

Three gardens are concerned in what follows. ‘These are A, which,

judged by market prices, has been making a medium Darjeeling tea:

B, which has had the reputation of making about the best tea in the

Darjeeling district for many years, and C, which has produced absolutely —

the highest value teas in the district during the past season.

A comparison was first made between a sample of leaf from A and

two samples from bushes of different types from C, No lbeing an

“Assam ” type of plant, and No. 2 from a “China” type. The following

figures were obtained :—

Relative amount of active Relative total amount of

enzyme. enzyme.

A. 1:00 1:00

C. No. 1. Le 2°17 2°18

~ C- No. 2. vee 1.44 1°68

ee ee

1901.] H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. 163

. The amount of oxidase in A is here regarded as unity, and its type of

plant was “ China”’, and all figures are given on the dry matter of the

leaf as plucked for manufacture. In each case a much larger amount of

enzyme was present in the leaf which made the better tea.

From Garden B, I had three samples of leaf. No. 1 was from young

“Assam” plant producing excellent tea, No. 2 was from a low level

extension also of ‘‘ Assam” plant but giving the worst tea in the garden

though still quite as good as the district average, No. 3 was from

“ China” plant producing tea of very high quality. Comparing, in pre-

cisely the same manner as above, all these samples of leaf with that from

garden A the following figures were obtained :—

Relative amount of active Relative amount of active

enzyme. enxyme.

A. 1:00 1:00

5. No. 1 ... a 1°88 1:03

~ B. No. 2 ... me 1:17 1°32

Be No. 3, ... 1°83 1°32

In this case again it appears that the quality varies with the quantity of

ferment present in the leaf in an active form. It will be noticed that

the various amounts of enzyme are much closer together when the total,

including the supposed pro-enzyme, is considered, than when the active

form only is taken into consideration. It may well be that this difference

is a real one, and that there is some cause in certain places from soil,

climate or other consideration which may prevent the formation of

active enzyme, and such a cause would affect the quality.

Another point remains in this connection. What effect has withering

onthe amount of ferment ? The answer to this question has been exceed-

ingly interesting, and seems to indicate that this operation possesses a

function in the manufacture hitherto quite unsuspected, and which

leads to a very different conception of the process to that hitherto held.

The leaf from gardens A and B above considered, were allowed to

wither, and taking full account of the corresponding loss of moisture,

the enzyme again determined. Taking the oxidase in the fresh leaf at

garden A as unity (that is to say that the unit in the last table is the

same as unit in the following) we have :—

Lip ait at aareiae Percentage Percentage

Of achive increase Relative total increase

enzyme. during amount of enzyme. during

withering. withering.

A. | 181 81-0 1:69 69°0

B No. 1 we[ - 2°49 31:9 187 43'8

B, Na. 2 pas 1°88 60°7 1:87 41°6

B. No. 3 oe |

2°19 LOn7, 2°19 65°9

164 H. H. Mann—The Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. [No. 2,

There remains to be considered the circumstances which cause the -

production of the oxidising enzyme by the plant. I have as yet ouly had

the opportinity to touch upon one or two of these. It seemed probable

however that the amount of light received by the plant would very

materially influence the amount. Three bushes, side by side, were there-

fore taken, and one was so covered up for ten days, so that the leaf grew

in darkness not quite suffcient to etiolate the young leaves. Leaf was

plucked from all three bushes on the same day, in No. 1 as soon as it

was light in the morning, in No. 2 (the darkened plant) soon afterwards,

and in No. 3 late in the afternoon.

From the result it would appear that darkness favours the formation

of the oxidase, and that there is a difference in this respect between the

leaf gathered in the early morning and that obtained after a day’s sun-

shine. In the leaf grown entirely in darkness the reserve stock or pro-

enzyme seemed to have been increased, but that immediately active was

rather lower than in the normally produced leaf. I intend to take up

this line of investigation more thoroughly later on.

In a recent publication I have shown how dependent the quality

of tea is on the amount of Phosphoric Acid in the soil. It is curious to

find that this connection of flavour and Phosphoric Acid, according to

the present experiments, seems to run parallel with the apparent con-

nection between Phosphoric Acid in the soil (and also in the leaf,) and

the amount of oxidising enzyme.

I give here the analyses of soil from the gardens A and C above

mentioned, and it will be at once seen that the amount of Phosphoric

Acid corresponds closely with the amount of enzyme in the leaf, Iam

disposed to insist on this point in view of the previously indicated re-

lationship of quality, 2.e., flavour, to Phosphoric Acid in the soil.

A. oe

et Rt tr

Phosphoric ACIG 6.) soe), sacs MOON ssa ape, cegpeeene!

The only question remaining to be discussed with relation to

the oxidase under consideration appears to be its localisation in the —

leaf and stalk, An attempt was made to determine its ‘position by

three methods. The first of these consisted in cutting the sections of

leaf and stalk and ascertaining in what cells the brown colour commenced

to form. In the leaf this always took place at definite points in

the centre of the leaf. In the cells where the browning commenced there

seemed to be on examination with a very high power in many cases a

small irregular black body from which the browning radiated. This

could only be seen where the sections are thin and consisted of little

1901. | H. H. Mann—Vhe Lnzymes of the lea Leas. 165

more than one layer of cells. I have not been able yet to more exactly

ascertain the nature of these small black bodies. The second means of

ascertaining the whereabouts of the enzyme was to kill the leaf in chloro

form vapour, when it became brown in a very few minutes, and then cut

sections of the leaf and leaf stalk as before. In the leaf precisely the

same occurred as was found by the first method,—the brown colouration

always commenced at points in the centre of the tissue. Inthe stalk the

result was very definite. Oxidation always occurred first just outside

the fibro-vascular bundles, then it took place just inside the same

layer, and thirdly the cells just inside the epidermis were attacked. A

third method gave results quite agreeing with this as to the stalk, but no

definite results were obtained with the leaf. In examining the sections

by this method, they were first left 12 hours in alcohol to extract the

tannin and precipitate the enzyme. They were then put in a drop of

water on a slide, a drop of guaiacum tincture immediately added and

the preparation then again washed with water. The blue compound

is soluble in alcohol, and the enzyme is soluble in water so that it is

necessary to do these operations as rapidly as possible.

The result obtained showed a general blueing of the section, but

on leaving a short time in glycerine the parts to which the enzyme had

merely spread faded, and left the rest quite heavily stained. The

fibro-vascular bundles were quite free from blue colour, and as for the rest

it was most intense first in the cells just outside this layer, second in the

point just inside it, and third just inside the epidermis. So far as the

stalk is concerned then, the several methods agree as to the points at which

he greatest amount of enzyme is to be found, and this distribution is

almost exactly the same as that of the largest quantity of the tannic

acid.

In general, therefore, with nen to the question already considered

it has been established—

(1) That an oxidase occurs in the leaf of the tea-plant used for

manufacturing tea.

(2) That this oxidase is the principal agent in bringing about the

fermentation and colouring of the leaf. It is most active, below 55°C.

and is destroyed about 80°C., 1s very sensitive to acids, and also to

alkalies, but not to quite the same extent. There is distinct evidence

that part of it usually occurs as a pro-enzyme in the leaf.

(3) That it occurs in greatest quantity in the unopened tip leaf

of the shoot, and that the quantity decreases as the leaves get older, but

that the stalk contains at least the same amount as the tip leaf.

(4) That leaf, taking into consideration gardens of the same type,

which contains the most enzyme makes the most highly flavoured tea.

166 H. H. Mann—Vhe Enzymes of the Tea Leaf. [No. 2,

This increase of enzyme in the leaf seems connected in some way with

the amount of phosphates in the soil,

(5) That the amount of enzyme in the leaf materially increases

during withering, a fact which throws an entirely new light on the

nature of the process, and makes it probable that it performs much more

important functions in the manufacture than those with which it has

been hitherto credited.

Other enzymes occur in the tea leaf, but I have no evidence at pre-

sent that their part in the manufacture of tea is of great importance.

Starch occurs in very minute proportion, and as would be expected, a

smal] quantity of diastase with it. This starch persists throughout the

withering operation but entirely disappears during the fermentation.

The diastase can however be detected right through until the tea is fixed,

but only in very small amount. The tests I made as to the existence

of a proteolytic enzyme leave the matter in some doubt, but I certainly

could get no reaction by Fermi and Buscaglioni’s method with gelatine.

The Catalase of Oscar Loew * was, of course, present in rather

large quantity, but I can attribute no important function in the manu-

facture of tea to its presence. Considering the tendency existing to

form Hydrogen Peroxide in organic liquids exposed to sunlight, it seems

natural to consider that it is here present to prevent the formation of

this substance, which could only be a source of injury during the growth

of the tea to the plant. Its presence almost exclusively immediately

under the cuticle cells would materially support this hypothesis.

In conclusion, I have to thank two or three gentlemen whose assis-

tance has been of material advantage to me in this work: These are Mr.

Hooper of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, for making several analyses of

materials for me, and to Mr. C. R, Newton of Kurseong, whose help in |

the microscopic part of the work was extremely valuable.

* See Report U.S.A. Dept. Agri., No. 65, 1900.

INDEX.

Names of New Genera and Species have an asterisk (*) prefixed.

— oO

——_—-

Acmena parviflora, 109 Barringtonia speciosa, 184, 135, 136, 137

» zeylanica, 109 2 spicata, 135, 141

Acridotheres tristis, 6 ai sumatrana, 134, 139

Adigama, 18 Bungarus ceruleus, 10

i; claudina, 18 Butonica, 134, 1385

r malayica, 18. i alata, 136

6 ochsenheimert, 18 ” alba, 137

5 scudderii, 18 ” racemosa, 137

as stolli, 18 Caccabis chucar, 5

Agasta, 135, 136 Calliplea, 25

» asiatica, 135, 136 <5 aristotelis, 25

» tmdica, 135, 136 My eunus, 25

te splendida, 135 $9 hainana, 25

Amerimnum horridum, 60 + inquinata, 25

*Anthidiwm saltator, 151 i, ledereri, 25

+ - viaticum, 152 3 mariesis, 25

APIDH, 146 4 mazares, 25

Arctomys caudatus, 4 t monilis, 25

a himalayanus, 4: BS musa, 25

- hodgsoni, 4 99 palawana, 25

Astur palumbarius, 6

Bacillus subtilis, 156

_ Bexckea, 67, 68, 69

. pollita, 25

Py sambavana, 25

sumbana, 25

chinensis, 68 Calotes versicolor, 11

» Cumingiana, 68 Calyptranthes capitellata, 131

» frutescens, 68 ss costata, 130

» sumatrana, 68 5 cuneata, 1380

Barbus tor, 6, 12 » fastigrata, 113

Barringtonia, 68, 134, 135, 136 " grandis, 130

pa acutangula, 135, 140, 141 ps Jambolana, 131

alata, 136 vy mangiferifolia, 180

a alba, 137 i oleina, 119

: asiatica, 135 + pyrifolia, 99

3 augusta, 139 4s Tatna, 130

“3 conoidea, 134, 136 Canis, 144

x cylindrostachya, 138 Capra falconeri, 3, 8

* * fusiformis, 135, 140 » sibirica, 2, 8

a inclyta, 1387 Careya macrostachya, 138

Fa ? macrophylla, 135 » pendula, 138

3 macrostachya, 134, 137, 188 | Caryophyllus sylvestris, 114

# f musiformis, 185, 139 Cassia candenatensis, 49

+ os paucifiora, 134, 137 5, timorensis, 43

by pendula, 138 * Ceratina cerea, 152

és pterocarpa, 139 ker loquata, 153

% racemosa, 134, 136 * 5 muscatella, 152

- rubra, 137 Cervus goral, 8

= sarcostachys, 138 Circus cyaneus, 12

* 3 scortechinit, 134, 138 Cladrastis, 56

168

Cladrastis Delavayi, 56

sinensis, 56

Clavimyrtus lineatus, 100

virens, 105

* Coelionys taurus, 153

Contia angusticeps, 11 :

Orastia, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 31, 38

)

2 amymone, 20, 22, 238

asela, 20

binghami, 20, 21, 22

bremeri, 31

camorta, 20, 22

cora, 20, 21

» + vermeculata, 21

core, 20, 21

crameri, 80

distantu, 20, 22, 23

eleusina, 20, 28

enganensis, 20

espert, 34

felderi, 20, 22, 23

godartit, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23

graminifera, 20, 22

haworthii, 20, 23

hiibneri, 20, 23

inconspicua, 20, 23

janus, 20, 23

kinberg?, 16, 20, 22, 30, 33

layardi, 20, 21, 22

lorquinti, 20, 22, 23, 31

mooret, 20, 23

moahotiu, 20

nicevillei, 2U, 21, 22

oceanis, 20

prunosa, 20, 22

scherzeri, 20, 22

siamensis, 20, 21, 22

snellent, 21, 23

subdita, 20, 21, 22

vermiculata, 20, 21, 22

Cygnus olor, 11

Cyon, 143, 144

CYPRININA, 6, 12

Dalbergaria, 40, 50, 57

DALBERGARIEA, 50

Dalbergia, 39, 40, 52, 62

acaciefolia, 48

Albertisii, 62

arborea, 52

assamica, 51, 52

Balanse, 54

Beccarw, 64

Benthami, 46

Blumei, 49

borneensis, 44

burmanica, 47

cana, 50, 63

candenatensis, 43, 49

cassioides, 55

Championi, 45, 56

Colletti, 56

Index.

Dalbergia confertiflora, 54, 56

congesta, 47

coromandeliana, 60

corymbifera, 63

cultrata, 45

Cumingiana, 63, 64

Cumingii, 63

AS var. Zollingervana, 63

Curtisii, 58

Delavayi, 56

densa, 47

discolor, 58, 61

Dyeriana, 44

emarginata, 41, 42, 51

falcata, 40, 65

ferruginea, 55

flexuosa, 64

foliacea, 43, 54, 61

Forbeswi, 61, 62

frondosa, 52, 58, 59, 60

“ var. typica 58

Gardneriana, 47

glauca, 42, 43

glomeriflora, 50

Godefroy, 63

Hancei, 57

Havilandi, 45

Hemsleyi, 54.

Henryana, 46

hircina, 51, 52, 53

horrida, 60, 64

Hullettii, 45

hupeana, 53, 54

Jaherii, 47

javanica, 41

Junghuhnu, 58, 59, 60, 62

var. Scortechini,

A 5» typica, 58

Kingiana, 46

Kunstleri, 40, 65

Kurzit, 50

lanceolaria, 52, 54

latifolia, 41, 59

» var. sissoides, 42

littoralis, 49, 60

livida, 55

luzonensis, 55

malabarica, 48

melanozylon, 59, 61

meneides, 50

Millettii, 48, 56, 57

mimosoides, 56, 57

monosperma, 49

multiflora, 59, 60, 61, 62

os var. glabrescens, 59

oo », pubescens, 59

multijuga, 49

nigrescens, d1

nitida, 46

obtustfolia, 42, 43

‘

Index.

Dalbergia Oliveri, 53

= ovata, 43

7 » var, obtusifolia, 42

paniculata, 51, 52, 53, 56, 59

4 parviflora, 62, 63, 64

a penduliflora, 55

M phyllanthoides, 48, 49, 59, 60

var. sennoides,

0» », _typica, 60

F polyphylla, 48, 57, 60

os Prazeri, 53

+ pseudo-Sissoo, 45, 56

aA purpurea, 50, 53, 54

reniformis, 40, 64, 65

rumosa, 43, 61

= robusta, 51, 52, 53

rostrata, 45, 55

rubiginosa, 46, 47, 56

”» »

. rufa, 49

ae sacerdotum, 42

% Scortechinii, 57

sennoides, 59, 60

i sericea, 51, 52, 53

ne sissoides, 41

Sissoo, 40, 42, 45, 56

- sp., 42, 61

f spinosa, 60, 61, 64

em stenocarpa, 51

ek 55 stenophylla, 56

93 stercoracea, 58

Ps stupulacea, 43, 53, 54, 55

stupulata, 43, 64

a stocksi, 59

se subsympathetica, 60

o sympathetica, 59, 60, 61

var. glabrescens,

tamarindifolia, 48, 49, 56

var. acaciz-

folia, 48

pu bes-

cens, 49

> %)

93 PP)

”» 39 7 ?

* tingens, 55

ca Thomsoni, 57

ae tonkinensis, 42

a torta, 49

rs velutina, 43, 4.4

var. Maingayi, 44

” »» typica, 43

. wolubilis, 43, 53, 54, 56

a Watt, 53

” 9

9 . yunnanensis, 43

” zeylanica, 45, 52

” Zollingeriana, 68

Danisepa, 26

‘ alcidice, 26

x diocletianus, 26

* lower, 26

be maassent, 26

" niasana, 26

169

Danisepa niasica, 26

re radamanthus, 26

Me ramsayi, 26

s rhadamanthus, 26

ee schretberi, 26

ve shreiberi, 26

thoosa, 26

Decaspermum, 67, 75

ec paniculatum, 76

oe a var. Finlay-

soniana, 76

Derris, 51

» pinnata, 57

Dozomma acuminatum, 138

cylindrostachywm, 138

macrostachyum, 138

ye magnificum, 139

as pendula, 138

Drepanocarpus Cumingii, 63

monospermus, 49

reniformis, 64,

BS spinosus, 64

Echis carinatus, 10

Endospermum zeylanicum, 46

Eublepharis macularius, 11

Eugenia, 66, 68, 77, 119, 133

acumimatissuma, 80, 126

+ acutangula, 140

”

es emula, 86

Mf alba, 81

y anacardtfolia, 84

% andamanica, 78, 106

anisosepala, 78, 96, 117

Benjamina, 79, 106

Bernardi, 79, 115, 129

borneensis, 182

brachiata, 124, 127

bracteolata, 80, 122

* Burkilliana, 78, 94

calophyllifolia, 120

calyptrata, 132

% caryophyllifolia, 132

caudata, 78, 105

cerasoides, 130

chlorantha, 78, 97, 118

chloroleuca, 79, 113

* Clarkeana, 78, 88, 93, 113, 128

claviflora, 79, 107, 108, 132

var. excavata, 108

glandulosa, 108

leptantha, 108

Maingayi, 108

* *

” 9

”? bb} ”

”» ” ”

” » re)

coarctata, 86

colorata, 121

comosa, 115

conglomerata, 78, 101

* corrugata, 78, 93

corymbosa, 85, 100

crenulata, 78, 91

* Curtisii, 80, 129

7% ‘ var, minor, 129

170

Index.

Eugenia cuspidata, 76

cymosa, 78, 91, 100, 105

a var. concinna, 100, 101

decora, 82

densiflora, 77, 84, 90, 94

diospyrifolia, 86

Duthieana, 78, 103

Dyeriana, 78, 88

. var. oblonga, 88

expansa, 79, 113

fastigiata, 113

filiformis, 78, 105

firma, 91

formosa, 77, 80, 84

frondosa, 131

fusiformis, 182

Gageana, 78, 96

garcinifolia, 78, 85, 90

glandulifera, 109

glauca, '78, 97, 102

» var. pseudoglauca, 102

Goodenovii, 79, 117

grandis, 78, 90, 91, 92

- var. lepidocarpa, 90

grata, 79, 109

Grifithti, 78, 92, 98, 112, 118

Helferi, 78, 95

Hemsleyana, 78, 88

Hoseana, 78, 106

Hulletiana, 78, 97

inasensis, 79, 120

inophylla, 79, 114, 115, 117

Jambolana, 80, 131

Jambos, 77, 82, 85

javanica, 77, 81

5 var. Roxburghiana, 82

kinabaluensis, 119

Koordersiana, 80, 118, 128

Kunstleri, 80, 127

Kurzu, 96

» var. andamanica, 78, 95.

levicaulis, 79, 116, 117

lepidocarpa, 78, 89, 92

lineata, 78, 99

lino-cieroidea, 79, 118

lucidula, 104

macrocarpa, 81, 86

macrophylla, 83

Maingayt, 108, 132

malaccensis, 77, 82

Manii, 78, 104

microcalyx, 80, 124, 125

r var. obovata, 125

minutiflora, 103, 127

mollis, 77, 86, 87

Moorei, 181

myriantha, 80, 125 -

myrtifolia, 79, 118

nicobarica, 80, 130

nigrescens, 100

nigricans, 79, 114

Eugenia nitida, 104

oblata, 79, 114, 117

oblongifolia, 79, 95, 111

e var. parviflora, 112

A »» robusta, 112

obtusifolia, 132

occlusa, 181

operculata, 80, 104, 129

“f var. coriacea, 130

ts », obovata, 130

i" Paniala, 130

pachyphylla, 78, 89

Paniala, 130

papillosa, 77, 84

Pearsoniana, 79, 116

penangiana, 78, 98

pendens, 78, 85, 94

perakensis, 77, 81

pergamacea, 111

pergamantacea, 77, 87, 89

plumbea, 77, 85

polita, 79, 110

polyantha, 78, 103, 104

polygama, 76

Prainiana, 79, 116

pseudo-formosa, 77, 83

pseudo-subtile, 126

pseudo-subtilis, 80, 123, 128

= var. platyphylla,

124,

M 3 Subacumi-

nata, 80, 124

pseudo-tetraptera, 79, 109

punctulata, 79, 112, 122

purpurea, 83

pustulata, 80, 127

pyrifolia, 78, 99, 122

quadrata, 77, 86

racemosa, 187

ramosissima, 95

rhodomela, 100

ribesioi@es, 130

Ridleyi, 78, 98

rigida, 118

rubricunlis, 100

samarangensis, 80, 84

scalarinervis, 77, 87

scoparia, 80, 125

Scortechinii, 77, 85

var. parvifolia, 86

setosa, 79, 120

simulans, 80, 116, 128

skiophila, 133 :

somarangensis, 80

spicata, 108

Stapfiana, 79, 119

subdecussata, ‘79, 121

5 var. colorata, 121

» montana, 121

sub- harieentnie. 79,112 .

subrufa, 78, 102

Index.

ae subrufa, var. robusta, 103

Swettenhamiana, 80, 126

sylvestris, 114

* tecta, 79, 109, 110

tetraptera, 110

» Lhumra 78, 92

: a var. penangiana, 92

» trinervia, 74

» tumida, 99, 132

» wurceolata, 78, 101

» valdevenosa, 79, 111

* ,, Valetoniana, 79, 112

* ,, variolosa, 79, 107

» venulosa, 80, 123

99 os var. macrothyrsa, 123

» verecunda, 80, 125

* , Wrayi, 79, 119

» zeylanica, 79, 108, 109, 110, 111

Zippelliana, 118

Euplea, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24, 25, 29,

31, 32, 33

es aleathe, 19

es alopia, 31

5 bremeri, 31, 33, 35

3 is var. pryert, 37

* brookei, 14

=. butlerz, 25

5 castelnawi, 24, 25

* celebica, 25

5 core, 21

<3 corus, 24,

crameri, 15, 30, 38, 34

i 2 tenggerensis, 15

“f drucet, 24,

- elisa, 24

a esperi, 33

5 felderi, 31, 33

Js frauenfeldi, 32

: frauenfeldii, 32, 33, 34

godmani, 25

‘5 gyllenhalui, 25

2 heylzrtsii, 37

oe johanna, 34

as Kinbergi, 14, 30, 31

- locupletior, 25

” lorquinii, 31, 33

4 lorzx, 14

a marsdenia 34

mentawica, 14, 87

micronesia, 24, 25

45 morrist, 14, 38

5. niasica, 35

ee pagenstecheri, 14, 37

aa pavette, 25

“4 pheretena, 24

- phebus, 24

# rafflesi, 14,

A saluini, 25

si tenggerensis, 14

ee tyrianthina, 29

>». vitrina, 24

ber

Euplea (Crastia) crameri, 30

* » ) lorquini, 31

i (Isamia) rafflesi, 14

#4 (Menama) lorze, 14

PS (Tronga) bremeri, 31

is » ) brooket, 14

9» )cramert, 15

) heylertsii, 37

) Kinbergi, 14, 30

) mentawica, 14, 37

5» ) morrisi, 14, 38

EUPLG@INA, 12, 17, 20

Felis par eaee , 4, 9

5» wuncia, 2, 4, 9

Ficus Benjamina, 107

Francolinus pondicerianus, 5

vulgaris, 5

Glauconia blanfor dit, 11

Gongylophis conicus, 11

Gustavia globosa, 14

Gymnodactylus scaber, 11

* Halictus clarus, 147

* al Pllgens, 147

* , Krishna, 146

» mnireus, 147

* ,, testaceus, 148

Hirea Finlaysoniana, 76

HYMENOPTERA, 146

Hypericinea pimentifolia, 73

Hystrizx leucura, 9

Isamia, 16, 28, 31

) adamsoni, 28

» exgyptus, 28

e alopia, 28

» brahma, 28

» carpenteri, 28

» . Chloe, 26

i dameli, 28

+ dejeant, 28

» fabricii, 28

vs grotet, 28

» trawada, 28

oe lowei, 28

» margarita, 28

~ marseuli, 28

» midamus, 28

ss rafilesi, 14, 28

» rogenhoferi, 28

i singapura, 28

» sinica, 28

A sophia, 28

» . splendens, 28

» staudingert, 28

» stichelr, 28

superba, 28

Jambolifera pedunculata, 132

Jambosa, 66, 77, 182

nouminabiseiinn. 127

5 alba, 81

ambigua, &1

bracteata, 109

\\ SV

“

172

Jambosa densiflora, 85

m domestica, 83

“ -s var. purpurea, 83

*: firma, 91

i formosa, 80

. grandis, 91

a inophylla, 114

"4 insignis, 81

¥ lineata, 100

4 macrophylla, 81

» . matlaccensis, 83

a mappacea, 80

1; nigra, 83

. pulchella, 115

as punctulata, 122

rh purpurascens, 83

3 purpurea, 83

an samarangensis, 81

Pa tenuicuspis, 100

Hs urceolata, 91, 101

vulgaris, 82

LACERTILIA, 11

LecyTHIDE®, 68

LEPTOSPERME®, 67

Leptospermum, 67, 69

Bs amboinensis, 69

i ellipticum, 111

x flavescens, 69

” : var. commune,

” “ 33 javanica,

is floribundum, 70

4 javanicum, 70

a5 Thea, 69

BS polygalifolium, 69

porophyllum, 69

Lophophorus refulgens, 5, 12

Lycodon striatus, 10

Macacus assamensis, 9

. rhesus, 5, 9

Macklottia amboinensis, 69

javanica, 70

Mahintha, 21

Mammea een 135

Megachile celioxysides, 150

on ae katinka, 150

ghee patella, 151

alga ulrica, 151

hear vera, 150

Melaleuca, 67, 70

i Cajuputi, 71

* Cumingiana, 71

_ decurrens, 72

i eugentifolia, 72

s lancifolia, 71

- Leucadendron, 70, 71

var. Leucaden-

dron, 71

minor, 71

” PP

” P ” ”

ad minor, 71

Index.

Melaleuca saligna, 71

G viridifiora, 71

MELASTOMACEA, 66

Memecylon acuminatum, 76

Menama, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 36, 37, 38

a buxtoni, 17, 18

Fs camaralzeman, 17, 18

cupreipennis, 17

bs lorax, 14, 17, 36, 37

i modesta, 17, 18

x moorei, 17, 18

5 mouhotit, 22, 38

x simulatriz, 17

tavoyana, 17

Monozora spectabilis, 74

Moschus moschiferus, 4, 9

MyRTACEA, 66, 103

MyrtTe#, 67

Myrtus acuminatissima, 127

» amboinensis, 69

» canescens, 75

3» caudata, 105

» Cumini, 132

» cymosa, 100, 104

» densiflora, 85

» Jdambos, 82

' 4, Leucadendron, 71

», lineata, 100

» macrophylla, 83

» matlaccensis, 83

» quadrangularis, 109

» samarangensis, 81

5 smilacifolia, 74

5, tomentosa, 75

» btrinervia, 74

zeylanica, 109

Naja tripudians, 10

Narmada, 29

- consimilis, 29

a coreoides, 29

y coreta, 29

3 lankana, 29

% martinis, 29

montana, 29

Nelitris pallescens, 76

5 paniculata, 76

sg polygama, 76

i polymorpha, 76

*Nomada flavozonata, 148

Rae: lucilla, 149

wares priscilla, 150

*Nomia himalayana, 148

* 4, shiva, 148

Oligodon subgriseus, 11

Ormocarpum scandens, 64

Otis tetraw, 11

Ovis cycloceros, 3, 4, 8

5 vignei, 3, 4, 8

5 vignit, 145

Pademma, 12, 16, 27

Ps apicalis, 27

Pademma augusta, 27

2 burmeisteri, 27

Fe crassa, 27

= dharma, 27

i erichsonit, 27

es grantit, 27

A hamiltoni, 27

* illustris, 27

% imperialis, 27

8 indigofera, 27

— lugii, 16, 27

kollart, 16, 27

5» _ maccellandi, 27

" masoni, 27

ds minorata, 27

= pembertoni, 27

- regalis, 27

a rothneyi, 27

5 sherwillit, 27

f sinhala, 27

uniformis, 27

Palzornis torquatus, 2

Penoa, 16, 19

» alcathe, 19, 20

» cyllene, 19

» detone, 16, 19, 20

5, adistincta, 19

» Gdoubdledayi, 16, 19, 20

» evalida, 16, 19

» Leyndhovii, 19

» gardineri, 16, 19, 20

» £ geyert, 19, 20

» kKkheili, 19

» Wwmborgii, 19, 20

» magnifica, 19

» masina, 19

3, melancholica, 19

» menetriesii, 16, 19, 20

» pinwillr, 16, 19, 20

» poeyi, 19

», sapitana, 19

» seitzi, 19

» transpectus, 19

» ¢uniformis, 19, 20

» wallengreni, 19

zonata, 19, 20

Planchonia, 68, 141

- andamanica, 142

= sundiaca, 142

Pseudo-eugenia, 68, 183, 134

ts perakensis, 133

* " singaporensis, 1383

Pucrasia castanea, 5

y macrolopha, 5

Rallus aquaticus, 11

Rhodamnia, 67, 74

* cinerea, 74

x concolor, 74

. Mulleri, '75

. Nageli, 75

spectabilis, 74

Index. 173

Rhodamnia subtriflora, 75

7 trinervia, 74

4 »> var. concolor, 74

<f 5 » spectabilis, 74

Rhodomyrtus, 67, 75

tomentosa, 75

Batienat 26, 27

ie althza, 27

A dehaanii, 26, 27

» eunice, 27

4 hewitsonii, 27

dl hobsoni, 27

2 kadu, 27

» vazulina, 26, 27

5» leucogonys, 26, 27

5, leucostictos, 26, 27

- meldolx, 27

Bd negleyana, 27

‘3 novarez, 26, 27

¥ oculata, 27

3 phane, 27

e simillima, 27

vestigiata, 26, 27

SELENOLOBIE PseUDODALBERGARIEA, 64

PsEUDOSISSO#, 65

Sclcnlobian, 40, 64

Selinda eleusina, 23

» Jjanus, 28

Sissoa, 40, 43

Sisso# UNGUICULATA, 45

9 ss PSEUDOS ELENO

BIEM, 49

» VERS, 40

Stictoplewa, 12, 16, 29, 30

4 bazilana, 29

- binotata, 29

ie crowleyt, 29

4s dotata, 29

- groter, 29

. harrisii, 29

. hopet, 29

a inconspicua, 29

uF lacordairei, 29

., laetifica, 29

- meesta, 29

i microsticta, 29

ne picina, 29

%9 pygmea, 29

a regina, 29

= swinhet, 29

tyrianthina, 29

Stravidium, 134

i acuminatum, 138

f, acutangulum, 140

my album, 137

bs ? coccineum, 141

2 ? denussum, 141

Me globosum, 141

= Horsfieldvi, 141

a obtusangulum, 140

a pubescens 14]

174

Index.

Stravidium reticulatum, 141

Rheedii, 140

rubrum, 140

sarcostachys, 1388

serratum, 141

spicatum, 141

‘Syzygium, 66, 79

”

aldesimum, 127

angkolanum, 130

apodum, 122

avena, 125

capillare, 105

caryophyllifolium, 132

caudatum, 100, 105

cinereum, 124

claviflorwm, 107

concinnum, 100

corticatum, 109

costatum, 130

cymosum, 100

euneuron, 113

eacavatum, 107, 108

expansum, 113

filiforme, 105

Trepsichrois, 23, 24

basilissa, 24

claudius, 23, 24

diocletia, 24

dufresne, 24

kalinga, 24

Kochi, 24

linnet, 22, 24

» var. paupera, 2

maassi, 24

malakoni, 24

megilla, 24

mindanensis, 24

muleiber, 24

semperi, 24

seraphita, 24

tisiphone, 24

van-deventeri, 23, 24

verhuelli, 24

visaya, 24,

Triptolemea, 40, 56, 57

TRIPTOLEMEA, 48

PsEUDOLENOLOBIA, 63

VERA, 56

4 firmum, 92 Tristania, 67, 71

i grande, 92 es burmamnica, 74

. gratum, 109 a Maingayi, 71, 72

A inophyllum, 114 e merguensis, 71, 72, 73

ne insigne, 92 ~ obovata, 71, 73

ee Jambolanum, 131 eee subauriculata, 71, 72

ij * var, microcar- uw sumatrana, 73

pum, 132 A Whiteana, 71, 73

a lateriflorum, 132 Wightiana, 73

ey longiflorum, 107 Tristaniz affinis, 72

fs montanum, 92 Tronga, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 30, 31, 32’

tes myrtifolium, 119 35, 36, 37, 38

nelitricarpum, 100 » Oiseriata, 18, 38, 34, 38

es nervosum, 130 » bremeri, 13, 15, 18, 31, 32, 35

nodosum, 130 » brookei, 13, 14, 18, 36, 37

ms oblatum, 115 » cramert, 18, 14, 15, 18, 30, 32, 33,

a obovatum, 130 35, 36, 37, 38

- ocelusum, 131 S » ab. biseriata, 14, 15, 38

* Panealla, 130 a » biseriata, 15, 34

bi politum, 110 ‘5 » oremeri, 15, 32

2 polyanthum, 130 - 3» brookei, 15

bs pulchellum, 115 as » marsdeni, 15, 35

x punctulatum, 122 . 3» «= moorer, 15

- pyrifolium, 99 de «= morrist, 15

na ribesoides, 124 Fe » pagenstecheri, 15, 37

is rigidum, 118 ‘3 tenggerensis, 14, 15, 38

a scabridum, 109 4 daatensis, 13, 15, 18, 36

oe scoparim, 125 » ~~ espert, 18, 33

S suavissimum, 108 8 frauenfeldii, 18, 32, 33, 34, 35

- subdecussatum, 88, 121 a heylertsit, 13, 18, 37

subtile, 124 af johanna, 15, 18, 34

a truncatum, 115 », kinbergi, 13, 14, 30, 31

ig vastum, 130 » labuana, 13, 15, 18, 36

. verecundum, 126 » lorze, 37

* vimineum, 76, 100 » marsdeni, 18, 34

zeylanicum, 109 » mentawica, 14, 18, 37

Tetraogallus himalayensis, 5 » Moorei, 13 18, 38

Tronga morrisi, 14, 18, 38

”

niasica, 15, 18, 35, 37

micevillet, 18, 21, 37, 38

olivacea, 18, 15, 18, 35

pagenstecheri, 18, 37

pryert, 18, 15, 18, 36, 37

» heylertsi, 15, 37

» mentawica, 15, 37

» masica, 15, 35

» nicevillei, 15

tenggerensis, 18, 38

“4 ab. biseriata, 18

bb)

Tropidonotus piscator, 10

stolatus, 10

Index.

Typhlops braminus, 11

Un@uicuLatTa, 40

Ursus arcticus, 4, 9

» torquatus, 4, 9

Varanus bengalensis, 11

a flavescens, 11

VIPERIDZ, 10

Zamenis, 10

‘5 diadema, 10

ap ladacensis, 10

fe mucosus, 10 *

a rhodorachis, 10

” ventrumaculatus, 5, 10

175

ON THE PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

ASIATIC SOCIETY.

<=D 8 ire

The Proceedings of the Asiatic Society are issued ten times a year

aS soon as possible after the General Meetings which are held on the first

Wednesday in every month in the year except September and October ;

they contain an account of the meeting with some of the shorter and

less important papers read at it, while only titles or short resumés of the

longer papers, which are subsequently published in the Journal, are given,

_ The Jowrnal consists of three entirely distinct and separate volumes :

_ Part I, containing papers relating to Philology, Antiquities, etc.; Part IT,

containing papers relating to Physical Science; and Part III devoted to

, Anthropology, Ethnology, ete.

Hach Part is issued in four or five numbers, and the whole forms

three complete volumes corresponding to the year of publication.

The Journal of the Asiatic Society was commenced in the year 18382,

previous to which the papers read before the Society were published in

_ 4 quarto periodical, entitled Asiatic Researches, of which twenty volumes

_ were issued between the years 1788 and 1839,

The Journal was published regularly, one volume corresponding to

each year from 1832 to 1864, 3 In that year the division into two parts

2 Above-mentioned was made, and since that date two volumes have been

issued regularly every year. From 1894 an additional volume, Part III,

_ has been issued.

The Proceedings up to the year 1864, were bound up with the

: Journal, but since that date have been Separately issued 6. ery year.

The following is a list of the Asiatic Society’s pnblications relating

; to Physical Science, still in print, which can be obiained at the Society’s

; House, No. 57, Park Street, Calcutta, or from the Society’s Agents in

; London, Messrs. Luzac & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, W. C.; and from

_ Mr. Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig, Germany.

Asiatic Reswarcuns. Vols. VII, Vols. XI and XVII, and

: Vols. XIX and XX @ 10/ each Rs. 50 0

_Procerpines of the Asiatic Society from 1865 to 1869 (inel.) @

_ /6/ per No.; and from 187) to date @ /8/ per No.

JOURNAL of the Asiatic Society for 1843 (12), 1844 (12), 1845

_ (212), 1846 (5), 1847 (12), 1848 (32), 1850 (7), 1851 (7), 1857

(6), 1858 (5), 1861 (4), 1862 (5),.1864 (5), 1866 (7), 1867 (6);

1868 (6), 1869 (8), 1870 (8), 1871 (7), 1872 (8), 1873 (8),

1874 (8), 1875 (7), 1876 (7), 1877 (8), 1878 (8), 1879 (7),

1880 (8), 1881 (7), 1882 (6), 1883 (5), 1884 (6), 1885 (6),

1886 (8), 1887 (7), 1888 (7), 1889 (10), 1890 (9 and 2 Sup-

plts.), 1891 (7), 1892 (7 and Supplt.), 1893 (11), 1894

(8), 1895 (7), 1896 (8), 1897 (8), 1898 (8), 1899 (7), 1900

(7), @ 1/8 per No. to Members and @ 2/ per No. to Non-

Members.

N. B.—The figures enclosed in brackets give the number of

Nos. in each Volume.

Centenary Review of the Researches of the Society from 1784 to

1883 RES ae a ie oe

Theobald’s Catalogue of Reptiles in the Museum of the Asiatic

Society (Extra No., J. A. S. B., 1868) ie Ai tee

Catalogue of the Mammals and Birds of Burmah, by EH. Blyth

(Extra No., J. A. S. B., 1875) A re

Catalogue of Fossil Vertebrata is ide oh

Catalogue of the Library of the Asiati Society, Bengal

Moore and Hewitson’s Descriptions of New Indian Lepidoptera, »

Parts I-III, with 8 coloured Plates, 4to. @ 6/ each

—_

NEW SERIES. VOL. LXX. CCCXCVIII. WY

JOURNAL

OF THE

_ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL

Vol. LXX: Part II, No. 2.—1901.

y EDITED BY

i JHE Naturar fiisToRY ? SECRETARY.

erereee cra oe) = —

== = eee wee Meet ret

—

“ The bounds of its investigation will be the geographical limits of Asia: and

within these limits its inquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by

man or produced by nature,”—Siz WILLIAM JONES.

#,° Communications should be sent under cover to the Secretaries, Asiat. Soc.,

to whom all orders for the work are to be addressed in India; or care of

Messrs. Luzae & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, London, W. 0., or Mr.

Otto Harrassowitz, Leipsig, Germany.

CALCUTTA:

PRINTED AT THE PaPTIST MissION FREES,

AND PUBLISHED BY THE

fpsiatic Socigry, 57, FARE STREP.

1902.

Price (exclusive of postage) to Members, Re. 1-8.—To Non-Members, ma, +

Price in England, 3 Shillings,

Issued March 8th, 1902,

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Bis: NURSE ... cave BSE We ohne Nae

——s WIT.—Studies in the Chemistry and Physiology of the Tea Leaf.

Part I. The Hineymes of the Tea Leaf. ak Haron H.

Be Many, B.Sc. 7 eB tC Nee cor Vicar

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NOTE ON THE PUBLICATIONS

ASIA'TIC SOCTETY.

SB Ot

- The Proceedings of the Asiatic Society are issued ten times a year

_ as soon as possible after the General Meetings which are held on the first

Wednesday in every month in the year except September and October ;

_ they contain an account of the meeting with some of the shorter -and

_ less important papers read at it, while only titles or short resumés of the

3 longer papers, which are subsequently published in the Journal, are given.

' The Journal consists of three entirely distinct and separate volumes :

Part I, containing papers relating to Philology, Antiquities, etc.; Part IT,

| containing papers relating to Physical Science; and Part III devoted to

_ Anthropology, Ethnology, ete.

Each Part is issued in four or five numbers, and the whole forms

three complete volumes corresponding to the year of publication.

The Journal of the Asiatic Society was commenced in the year 1832,

_ previous to which the papers read before the Society were published in

a quarto periodical, entitled Asiatic Researches, of which twenty volumes —

_ were issued between the years 1788 and 1839.

a The Journal was published regularly, one volume corresponding to

each year from 1832 to 1864; in that year the division into two parts

above-mentioned was made, and since that date two volumes have been

issued regularly every year. From 1894 an additional volume, Part III,

has been issued.

The Proceedings up to the year 1864, were bound up with the

Journal, but since that date have been separately issued every year.

The following is a list of the Asiatic Society’s publications relating

_ to Physical Science, still in print, which can be obtained at the Society’s

_ House, No. 57, Park Street, Calcutta, or from the Society’s Agents ir

- London, Messrs. Luzac & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, W. C.; and from

_ Mr. Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig, Germany.

_ Asiatic Reszarcurs. Vols. VII, Vols. XI and XVII, and

: ._ Vols. XIX and XX @10/ each Rs. 50 C

Proceepines of the Asiatic Society from 1865 to 1869 (incl.) @

/6/ per No. ; and from 1870 to date @ /8/ per No.

JournaL of the Asiatic Society for 1843 (12), 1844 (12), 1845

(12), 1846 (5), 1847 (12), 1848 (12), 1850 (7), 1851 (7), 1857

—_ *

(6), 1858. (5), 1861 (4), 1862 (5), 1864 (5), 1866 (1),1 1867 8). ; oS ii

1868 (6), 1869 (8), 1870 (8), 1871 (7), 1872 (8), 1873 (8), —

1874 (8), 1875 (7), 1876 (7), 1877 (8), 1878 (8), 1879 (7), os

1880 (8), 1881 (7), 1882 (6), 1883 (5), 1884 (6), 1885 (6), Ss,

1886 (8), 1887 (7), 1888 (7), 1889 (10), 1890 (9 and 2 Sup-

- pits.), 1891 (7), 1892 (7 and Supplt, ), 1893 (11), 1894,

(8), 1895 (7), 1896 (8), 1897 (8), 1898 (8), 1899 (7),--190

(7), @ 1/8 per No. to Members and @ ie ad No, to o Non |

Members. : é

N. B. _The figur es enclosed in brackets give the 1a a of

Nos. in each Volume.

Centenary Review of the Researches of the Society from 1734 to

1883

Theobald’s Catalogue of Reptiles 5 in he Museum of the hate

Society (Extra Ne. J. A. S. B., 1868)

Catalogue of the Mammals and Birds of Burmah, by E. Blyth

(Extra No., J. A. S. B., 1875) ‘at ates

Catalogue of Fossil Ver eb ats wee

Catalogue of the Library of the Asiatic Society, Béagal

Moore and Hewitson’s Descriptions of New Indian Lepidoptera,

Parts I-III, with 8 coloured Plates, 4to. @ 6/ each

SSO ee eee eee’