CURTIS'S

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE;

Flower Garden Displayed:

fn which the most Ornamental Foreren Pants cultivated in the Open Ground,

the Green- House, and the Stove, are accurately represented and coloured.

To which are added,

THEIR NAMES, CLASS, ORDER, GENERIC AND SPECIFIC CHARACTERS,

ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEM OF LINNEUS;

Their Places of Growth, Times of Flowering, and most approved

Methods of Culture.

CONDUCTED

By SAMUEL CURTIS, F. L. S.

THE DESCRIPTIONS

By WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, L. L. D.

F.R, A. and L.S. and Regius Professor of Botany in the University

of Glasgow.

SOL. 1." 6}

OF THE NEW SERIES;

Or Vol. Liv. of the whole Work.

Here Spring perpetual leads the laughing hours,

And Winter wears a wreath of summer flowers.

SoTHEBY’ . Vi ingil,

ae | LONDON :

ae 5 Printed by Edward Couchman, 10, Throgmorton Street ;

FOR THE PROPRIETOR SAMUEL CURTIS,

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE WAREHOUSE, PROSPECT ROW, WALWORTH,

AND AT GLAZENWOOD, NEAR COGGESHALL, ESSEX:

Also hy arent and Co. Paternoster Row; J. & A, Arch, Cornhill; Treuttel & Wurtz, Soho Square ;

Blackwood, Edinburgh; and in Holland, of Mr. Gt. Eldering, Florist, at Haarlem :

And to be had of all Booksellers in Town and Country.

1827.

— Swen Se. —

Lab, by S. Curtis, Walworth, Jan, L827,

WLE det.

( 2705 )

Motisia speciosA. HANDSOME PINNATE-

LEAVED MoutTIs1IA.

Class and Order.

SYNGENESIA Potycamia SUPERFLUA.

( Nat. Ord.—Composrra. Div. Perpiciea: corollas

bilabiatis. Sprene. ) .

Generic Character.

Inoolucrum cylindricum, imbricatum, squamosum 3; squa-

mis latis. Recept. nudum. Flosculi, disci, hermaphroditi,-

tubulosi, 5-dentati, demum in lacinias; 2—5 wquales, vel

in tres inequales fissi; anthere bisetose : radu feminei,

bilabiati ; labio inferiore ligulam— referente, | _tridentato,

iperiore minore + a aia de scenes’ petilals. | style

m. enta | la: m en torum 5. : e.% i

Specific Character and ss a

Mutisia speciosa; scandens, foliis pinnatis 6—7 j Jjugis peti-

olis cirriferis, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis acutissimis ses-

silibus arachnoideo-tomentosis demum glabris, f floribus

solitariis longe pedunculatis, squamis inferioribus ‘in-

volucri recurvis. 4

Moutisia speciosa. Aiton Mss. in Hort. Reg. Kew.

oe A scande siteeldnl of, Thre ble Browth as culti-

vated in a oe in The stoves of the Kew ens; but,

probably, in its native soil, reaching to a considerable

length, Stems and branches angular. Leaves pinn ated,

with about six or seven alternate leaflets on ‘each side,

sparingly. covered with a _cobweb-like down, at length,

probably, in consequence of age, becoming glabrous:

Leaflets one, and sometimes nearly two inches long, ovato-

po entire, very acute, contracted at the base, but

iolate, and there three-nerved ; the rest of the leaflet

veiny: -main ‘petiole slender, terminated by a large branch-

ng tendril. ome elliptical. Peduncle terminal, Pras hick

ons

long, furrowed, with one or two small lanceolate bractee,

and bearing a single large showy flower. Involucre long,

cylindrical, clothed with numerous rather lax scales, which

are ovato-oblong, the lower ones acute and reflexed, the

upper ones erect and obtuse. Florets of the circumference

female, about sixteen, forming a ray, each composed of a

very long slender tube, two-lipped at the extremity; the

outer-lip a beautiful purple colour, ligulate, tridentate :

the inner one pale, cut into two deep, revolute, filiform

lacinie: the mouth furnished with five filiform processes,

or abortive stamens. Germen oblong: Style long: Stigma

cleft. Pappus three-fourths of the length of the floret,

feathery. Florets of the disk perfect, tubular, yellowish,

five-toothed, at length breaking into two or five equal

revolute segments, or more frequently, into three unequal

ones, the broadest one (three united segments) tridentate.

Anthers long, greenish, protruded, each with two long

sete at the base. Germen, Pappus, and Style, as in the

florets of the circumference.

We rejoice in having the opportunity to commence the

New Series of the Botanical Magazine with so interesting

a subject as the present plant, a novel species of a genus,

of which, although twelve species exist in our Herbaria,

not one had ever previously been cultivated in Great Bri-

tam. The individual now under consideration is a native

of Brazil, and was communicated to the Royal gardens at

Kew, by M. Parmentier of Paris. There it blossomed in

September, 1826; and from a specimen kindly given to

me, by Mr. Arron, aided by an excellent drawing in that

gentleman’s collection, the annexed figure and description

were made.

Four species only of Murisia, with pinnated leaves, have

been hitherto described. M. grandiflora, Clematis, pedun-

cularis, and viciefolia, and these, as well as the simple-

leaved ones, are all natives of the western side of South

America. The one to which the present plant is most nearly

allied, is, perhaps, M. peduncularis ; but that has the scales

of the involucre all imbricated, and the larger segments of

the corollules of the ray oval.

The whole plant turns black in drying. We have re-

ceived native specimens from the neighbourhood of Rio

Janeiro, from Mr. Harris of that place, as well as more re- :

cently, from our valued friend, Mr. Burcnett, who is now

exploring, as a Naturalist, that highly interesting country.

Fig.1. Floret of the Circumference. 2. Ditto of the Disk deprived of the

Pappus. 3. Base of an Anther.—Magnified.

3 = Swan SO

WIR ded.

Pub. by S.Curtis,Walw orth, Jan. 1827.

€ 2706 )

PyRETHRUM ULIGINOSUM. LARGE-FLOWERED

~Marsn Ox-rve.

Class Lt 1 Order.

SynGenesra Porycamna Sormnruvs,

( Nat. yay —Cowvosrrs. Div. Convaniren. )

Generic Character. tk

_ Receptaculum oudam Pappus marginatus. Cal. ‘dni:

phericus, imbricatus ; squamis acutiusculis, margine scari-

osis. Win. Diy. Levcanriema.

~~ | Specific Giatucter | pad Synonyms.

Prasrmenn uliginosum ; caule erectosuperne ra moso, foliis

sessilibus lanceolatis nde serratis | abriusculis,

floribus corymbosis. if |

Pyreturum uliginosum. “ Waldst. et Kitaib. Pl. Rar.

Hung.” Willd. Sp. Pl. 0. 3. p. 2152. gta Syst.

Veget. 0. 3. p. 585.

CurysantuEmum uliginosum. Pers. Syn. Pl. v. 2. p. 460.

“ CHRYSANTHEMUM lacustre.” Brot.

Marricarta inciso-serrata. Poir. in Eneyel Meth. Suppl.

v. 3. mS 604. . iy

Descr. Annual, 1 Be Stems = tite to five feet

high, rounded, striated, glabrous, branched almost wholly

above, and there in a somewhat sol eed manner. Leaves

four to five inches long, lanceolate, deeply and very irregu-

larly inciso-serrate, pedoul Ey towards the extremity ; at

the base, too, having gen ge tooth on each side;

the upper ones gradually Salles af less toothed : all of

them slightly scabrous, with short hairs, and appearing,

under a lens, minutely dotted, nerved, the midrib promi-

nent on the under-side, swollen at the base, where it is

inserted a stem : colowr, a deep reen, paler Fee

ee wield

Flowers on several, terminal, leafy petioles, forming an im-

perfect corymb, very large, three to four inches in diameter.

Involucre hemispherical, compressed, of many imbricated

dark-coloured scales, membranaceous and diaphanous at

the margin. Florets of the ray very long, white, ligulate,

tridentate at the extremity ; their germen oblong, abor-

tive?, not crowned. Style with a yellow, bifid stigma.

Florets of the disk small, yellow, tubular, the lower part

cylindrical, covered with yellow glands, the limb broad,

cup-shaped, five-toothed, the points of the teeth black,

erect ; stamens with the anthers protruded. Germen ob-

long, sulcated, crowned with a cup-shaped membranous

pappus. Style longer than the stamens; stigma bifid.

Receptacle convex, naked, dotted.

The noble flowers of this plant, added to the lateness of

the season when they are expanded (the month of October),

render this a most desirable plant for the garden or the

shrubbery. It is quite hardy; a native of Hungary, Spain,

and Portugal, and the seeds of it were sent to the Glasgow

Botanic Garden, in 1825, by Mr. Fiscner, of Gottingen.

We observed the same plant flowering in the Royal gar-

dens of Kew, during the Autumn of the last year.

Fig. 1. Lower leaf, natural size. 2. Floret from the Disk. 3. Floret

from the Circumference.—Magnijied.

LE ded

s ? Pub. by S.Curtis, Walworth Jan. 4827.

( 2707 )

_. AsTer Acuminatus. PoinTED-LEAVED

Micnaetmas Datsy.

Class and Order.

SyncenesiA PotyGAmiA SuPERFLUA.

( Nat. Ord.—Composirz. Div. Corymairens. )

Generic Character.

Receptaculum nudum. -Pappus simplex. Cor. radii

plures 10. Cal. imbrieati squame inferiores (nonnunquam )

patule. gle me) ‘Sar Sh

Sor ges >.

F = aa.

Specific #

ey : i A a ae : ‘ ‘|

Aster acuminatus ; \eviter pubescens, caule simplici flex-

uoso, foliis conformibus majusculis cuneato-lanceolatis

superne inciso-serratis basi apiceque attenuatis, pani-

cula divaricato-corymbosa, pedicellis longis bracteo-

latis, involucri squamis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis

appressis. wi

Aster acuminatus. Michaux Fl. Bor. Am. 0. 2. p. 109.

Pursh. N, Am. Fl. 2. 2. p.555. Pers. Syn. PL 0.2

p. 447. Spreng. Syst. Pl. v. 3. p. 534.

Descr. Stem erect, herbaceous, in a cultivated state, from

a foot to a foot and a half high, flexuose, simple, angular,

downy, bare of foliage at the base, upwards furnished with

leaves, about four inches long, and nearly equal in size,

very slightly downy, lanceolate, broadest above the middle,

So as to be somewhat cuneate, and thence to the point

inciso-serrate, at the base and at the extremity acuminated,

the upper surface somewhat wrinkled, the lower with pro-

minent anastomosing veins. Panicle terminal, longer than |

the leaves, subcorymbose ; the pedicels long, slender, with

many small subulate scales or bractez, larger at their a .

See oe hw aces aoe the

the lower part of the panicle, and that only, leafy. Invo-

lucre subcylindrical, glabrous, of several broadly subulate

appressed scales. Florets of the ray rather long, white,

recurved, and twisted; those of the centre or disk purplish ;

their teeth recurved. Stamens and Style much exserted,

yellow. Seeds crowned with a pappus, which is nearly as

long as the florets.

Discovered by Micuavux in Canada, and sent to our gar-

dens from the same country (the neighbourhood of Mon-

treal), by Mr. Crzcuorn. Pursu discovered it upon the

Alleghany mountains ; and a variety of it, with fewer flowers,

upon the highest mountains of Virginia and Carolina. With

us it flowers in October.

This present is one of the few well-marked species of

this most troublesome genus, characterized by its erect,

simple, flexuose, stalk ; large and uniform leaves; together

with the long, slender bracteolated pedicels to the flowers.

The Involucre has the scales singularly fine and delicate,

and in the old state so narrow, as scarcely to be distinguish-

able from the pappus.

We propose, from time to time, doing what lies in our

power in the present work, towards illustrating the indivi-

duals of the genus Aster: for the British collections contain

numerous but ill-understood species, which, flowering in

the latest season of autumn, constitute the chief ornaments

of our garden, till winter comes

*¢ to rule the varied year.”

Fig. 1. Involucre. 2, Floret of the Disk. 3. Floret of the Circumference.

—Magnified.

N. 2708

Fab, by S.Cartis, Walworth, Jan,1827.

weed?

( 2708 )

SoLANUM CORIACEUM. CoRIACEOUS

SoLANUM.

Be EE On ee ON Oe

Class and Order.

PenrANDRiA Monoeynta.

( Nat. Ord.—Soxanacea. )

Generic Character.

Cal. 5—10-partitus. Cor. subrotata, 4—10-fida. An-

there conniventes, apice poro gemino dehiscentes. Bacca

2, 3, 4-locularis, placentis septo adnatis. Semina glabra.

a oe ee me m.

SoLanum coriaceum; inerme, fruticosum, glabrum, foliis

petiolatis oblongis coriaceis nitidis integris subvenosis,

pedunculis terminalibus sub-unifloris, corolla 5-loba,

lobis obtusissimis plicatis mucronulatis, calyce 4-par-

tito.

Descr. At present, in our collection, one individual of

this plant has only attained the height of a foot. It is rigid,

erect, much branched, glabrous in all its parts. Leaves two

to three inches long, somewhat acute at the extremity, at

the base pa i into a short footstalk, the texture thick

and coriaceous, the surface very we veined, the margin

quite entire. The flowers are upon short simple, or imper-

fectly branched terminal peduncles. Calyx of four dees

segments, spreading, the lower evidently formed of two,

cohering at the margin. Corolla varying in size, sometimes

an inch across, almost plane, of a beautiful purplish-blue

colour, five-lobed, the lobes waved at the margin, longitu-

dinally plicate in the middle, very obtuse and mucronated

at the extremity. Stamens: Filaments and Anthers short :

the latter deep orange. Germen ovate: Style longer than

the stamens. ee i e

We scarcely know any tender species of the genus more

deserving of being cultivated than the present, for which

we are indebted to Roserr Barciay, Esq. of Bury Hill,

who received the seeds from Mexico. It forms a handsome

bushy shrub, with thick shining, and rigid, coriaceous

leaves, and beautiful purplish-blue flowers, having in the

centre a deep orange-coloured spot, formed by the stamens.

These blossoms too are frequent upon the plant ; but those

which appeared when it was quite young were much larger

than the subsequent ones. There is often an irregularity

in the lobes of the corolla, and the calyx is constantly and

unequally four-partite.

Fig. 1. Back view of a Flower. 2. Calyx and Pistil. 3. Stamens.—

Magnified.

LV. 2709 4

WL deé.

Picb. by S. Curtis Walwerth Jan, 1887.

( 2709 )

Liparis FOLIOSA. MANY-LEAVED

. Liraris.

Class and Order. Sat

-Greanoaia Monanpnia. é

( Nat. Ord —Oncmex. ‘Div. Mitsxe.. Linp. )

Generic Character.

Labellum planum, explanatum,, integrum, varie versum.

Columna cote Pollinia & (ankle: St ae Linpt.

| Specific Character and Symongy

Livi gation & ‘pulbo rotundato, foliis i '

olatis carinatis enerviis racemo su bequalibus, scapo

compresso, labello- apice reflexo obscure tridentato.

Liraris foliosa. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 882.5)

‘

Descr. Plant, to all appearance, parasitic. Bulb round-.

ish, about an inch in diameter, bearing a few ovate, acute |

bractee at the base, and, at the summit, about three an-

ceolate, carinate, somewhat fleshy, : acute, nerveliaerecurvell

leaves. The scape springs from the centre of those 1 aves,

which, being the present year’s production, have no bulb

yet formed. It rather exceeds the leaves in length, is com-

pressed, and bears about ten flowers i in a lax spike or raceme.

The segments of the perianth are all linear, pale yellow

green, reflexed, the two innermost ones the narrowest.

The labellum broadly oblong, yellow green, with an orange

spot in the centre, thick and fleshy, the lower half erect,

and appressed as it were to the column, the u per half bent

down ; the extremity has three obtuse teeth. Co/wmn linear-

clavate, curved, margins in front slightly winged.

yellow, operculate, enclosing two didymous waxy pollen-

masses. Germen linear, straight, tapermg down into a

footstalk, and having, at its very base, a small sions

Drawn from a plant presented by Mr. Barcray, to the

Glasgow Botanic Garden, which flowered in the month of

October, 1826. It is a native of the Mauritius, and there,

in all probability, grows upon trees. The figure given in

the Botanical Register being drawn from a young speci-

men, the bulbs were not formed, and hence, probably,

Mr. LixpLey was induced to suppose the plant was ter-

restrial.

Like many other parasitical plants, it is easily culti-

vated in common soil, which serves as a support to the

individual, and as a vehicle for moisture. The roots that

are thrown out from the base of the bulb lie nearly horizon-

tally upon the surface of the earth.

' Fig. 1. Single flower. 2. Summit of the Column, from which the Anther is

removed. 3. Inside view of the Anther-Case. 4. Pollen masses. 5. Lip—

Magnified.

Fab, by S.Curtis, Walworth, Jam 827,

Win. del.

( 2710 )

GNAPHALIUM MODESTUM. SQUAMOSE-FLOW-

ERED Cape GNAPHALIUM.

Class ht Order.

SyNGENESIA Porreamis, Bdruartva:

( Nat. Ord ey yin )

Generic Character.

Involucrum imbricatum, squamis internis scariosis sub-

coloratis. Rec. nudum, scrobiculatum. Flose. radiales

feminei, imperfecti, tenuissimi v. nulli. hee pilosus

seu Pine, ERecHiae eng. |

Gnaruatium modestum ; fruticosum, ramosum, foliis line-

aribus canaliculatis dense tomentosis, pedunculis ter-

minalibus solitariis, involucro lato-cylindraceo tomen-

toso, squamorum apicibus attenuatis nudis reflexis.

ASTELMA eeeing. Steber Fi. Hee n. 12.

Descr. Stems decumbent at Lib hp hrowing up nu-

merous erect branches, which are stiff and rigid, covered

with a dense cottony down. Leaves alternate, about two

inches long, linear, almost filiform, waved, semicylindrical

on the back, grooved | in front, thickly clothed with white

down. The p the branches, and are

from two to three inches long, Semen single-flowered.

Involucre broadly cylindrical, eral imbricated reddish

scales, cottony, especially in the -sidille : the extremities

attenuated into a long, brown, membranaceous, naked,

reflexed point. Receptacle foveolated, the cells deep, the

partitions laciniated. Florets all tubular, perfect, yellow,

five-toothed. Anthers each with two awns at — base.

ermen

Germen more than half immersed in the cells of the recep-

tacle, at length forming an oblong tuberculated fruit.

le (as well as the stamens) included. Stigma a little

exserted, bifid, the segments linear, spreading. Pappus of

numerous white, filiform, feathery processes, united at the

base, and often forked.

The only knowledge we have of the cultivated state of

this plant, is derived from the Royal gardens at Kew, in

which inestimable collection it flowered in the month of

June, 1826. From an excellent drawing then made, and

in the possession of W. T. Arron, Esq. the annexed figure

was made. The seeds were sent, in 1824, from the Cape

of Good Hope, by Mr. Bowie, who was long and most ad-

vantageously employed in collecting plants in the interior

of Southern Africa, at the government’s expence. Every

friend to Science must regret that this indefatigable Natu-

ralist, after sending the greatest treasures, both of living

and dried plants to the Royal gardens, and, in the midst of —

his usefulness, has, by a needless stretch of parsimony, been

recalled. We do rejoice to find, however, that he has re-

solved upon visiting the same productive country, as a

Naturalist, on his own account, only seeking for remunera-

tion in the sale of such living or dried specimens, or seeds,

as may be useful to the Botanists and Cultivators in Europe.

Dr. Sreser, of Prague, has visited the. and other dis-

tant countries in the same capacity, and has thereby con-

The Naturalist last mentioned, if not the first to discover

the present plant, was, at least, the first to publish it, in his

“‘ Specimens of Cape Plants,” as belonging to the genus _

Astetma of Mr. Brown ; but that genus is said to have a ©

receptacle which is neither chaffy nor honey-combed. n the

present case, it is deeply honey-combed,

Fig. 1. Inferior, and Fig. 2. Superior Seale of the Involucre. 3. Floret

and portion of the Receptacle, 4. Stamens.—Magnijied. |

spall esi

ee ia ca es a

WIE. ded.

( 2711 )

CANDOLLEA CUNEIFORMIS. CUNEATE

CANDOLLBA.

SHEP EERE RE bbe:

. Class and Bains

PoLyapELPHIA’ PoLyANDRIA.

( Rae Ord:--Eipas enapliak )

Generic Character:

Cal. 5-partitus, persistens/ ‘Pet. 5. Phalenies plurime,

singule. Sseb-anthrerifere. Sag ABM jena; 1 7s aig

Dre Cano. : |

Spetific Character baad Synonyms.

CanDoLLEa cunei iformis ; foliis obovato-cuneatis ibis hb

dentatis, floribus sessilibus.

Canvottea cuneiformis, Labill. Nov. Holl. ov. 2. p. 3A.

t. 176. De Cand. Syst. Veget.v. 1. p. 423. ijusd.

Prodr. v.1. p. 73. reng. Syst. Veget. 2. 3. p. 338.

Hiesertia ncigene Smith t in Bees, S

=—% :

— “eg Fe

nequal, spreading, ovate ace

deep segments, two of then ce sealler. ones, acute, the

others obtuse, and mue “resembling the smaller leaves.

mens in five bundles, each bundle placed opposite a _

Petal, and composed of four, rarely five, aed ogee) :

anthers, whose filaments are free at the extremity. Pistils

five. Germen ovate, gibbous, tapering into a filiform style,

with an obtuse stigma. Capsule ‘“‘ opening interiorly,”

containing two seeds, which are roundish, brown, erect,

and almost, or sometimes wholly enclosed in a membranous

arillus.

This exceedingly rare plant blossomed in the Royal gar-

dens at Kew, in die month of May, 1826, having been

raised from seeds, gathered, in 1823, by Mr. Artan Cun-

nincHAM, at King George’s Sound, during the fourth voyage

of discovery of Capt. Kine. Lasiiarpiere had found it

previously, in Van in’s Land.

The plant has much the habit of Himsertia, with which,

indeed, Sir James Smiru unites it; but it differs from that

genus essentially, in the polyadelphous stamens.

The accompanying figure was copied from an excellent

drawing, in the possession of W. T. Arron, Esq,

—

Fig. 1. Back view of a Flower. 2, Stamens and Pistil, 3. Single cluster

of Stamens. 4. Pistils. 5. Capsule, scarcely ripe, cut open to shew the

seeds, — Magnified.

N. 278

Pub. by S. Curtis, Walworth Jan. 1827-

WH ded.

(2792 )

SCHELHAMMERA UNDULATA. WAvE-LEAVED

ScHELHAMMERA. ;

SEK KEKE EER KEKE EERE RE K ERE EE

Class and Order.

Hexanpria Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord—Menantuacex. Br. )

Generic Character.

Perianthium 6-phyllum, petaloideum, campanulatum,

equale, deciduum; foliola unguiculata, xstivatione invo-

luta, stamina segregantia.. Stamina 6, basi foliolorum

imserta. Anthere postice. Ovarium 3-loc., loculis poly-

spermis. Stylus 1. Stigmata 3, recurva. Capsula 3-loc.

3-valv., valvis medio septiferis. Semina nonnulla, ventri-

cosa. Br. oe, eee ee

Specific Character and Synonym.

ScHELHAMMERA undulata; foliis amplexicaulibus’ ovatis

(v. ovato-lanceolatis) undulatis, floribus subsolitariis,

caule diviso, petalorum unguibus foveolatis. Br.

ScuELnammera undulata. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 274.

ae: ae eee

valve with the septum in the middle, bearing about six

roundish seeds attached to a fleshy base.

I had: the satisfaction of seeing this rare little plant flow-

ering in the stove of the Kew Gardens, in September 1826.

From that individual aided by a beautiful drawing* in the

possession of Wittiam Townsenp Aston, Esq. the accom-

panying figure was made.

he species was discovered in the vicinity of Port Jack-

son, New South Wales, by Mr. Brown, who dedicated it,

together with the S. multiflora, to G. C. ScuetHamMeER, a

Professor of Jena. Seeds were sent from the Five Islands

to Kew, by Mr. Arian Cunninenam, in the year 1825.

* This drawing was made in the month of May, so that the plant appears

to have no fixed period of flowering.

Fig. 1. Segments of the Perianth and Stamens. 2. Pistil. 3. Capsule,

4, Capsule open, 5. Seed. 6, Section of ditto —Magnified.

Lub, by SCurtie Walworth Feb, 1.1827.

“ar

( 2713, )

BuDDLEA BRASILIENSIS. BRASILIAN

‘ Buppiea.

J bebisoboebieeisiinietetak

| Class. body Oiler.

Terdawhnta ’ Moxoeys1s

( Nat. Ord.—Virices. )

bei

‘ j Generic Character.

Cal, A-fidus._ Cor. 4-fida.* Cape. bilocularis, dissepimen-

fum e marginibus valvarum. Semina paleacea.

Bupprea brasiliensis ; foliis deltoideo-oblongis per petiolos

_ ‘decurrentibus connatis irregulariter crenato-dentatis,

\ floribus verticillatis bracteatis, ramis tetragonis lana-

\ tis. Graham M38) 6 7 Wag or

Buppiea brasiliensis. “ Jacq. fil.”—

v1. p. 430. OSS

eng. Syst. Veg.

‘

he a

| itm

ieee,

ae :

— _Descr. Shrub erect. Stem nearly round ; bark brown

and cracked. Branches opposite, decussating, four-sided,

covered with a white wool, which, subsequently, peels off.

aves opposite and decussating ; when young, oblong,

afterwards becoming wider at the base and more pointed,

_ 80 as to be nearly deltoid, unequally dentato-crenated,

broadly decurrent along the petiole, where they are quite

entire, connate, soft, tomentose, especially beneath, and

' there white, green above, and reticulated. Flowers verti-

‘Glllate, the lowest whorl on two short, axillary footstalks.

; Vi erticillus many-flowered, leafy. Bractee small, pointed,

Steen, placed on the outside of the whorls. Calyx persist-

mg, green, covered with white down, four-cleft. Corolla

“range-yellow, hairy within and without, least so on the

“pper surface of the limb; tube moré than twice the oS

of the calyx: limb spreading, four-parted, the segments

rounded. Anthers reddish, almost sessile, in the throat of

the corolla ; pollen pale-yellow. Germen very slightly

hairy, oval: style filiform, at length exserted. Stigma

rounded, lobular, deep green. Granam MSS.

Communicated, along with the above description, by

Dr. Granam, from the Edinburgh Botanic Garden. ‘The

-_ seeds were received from Russia, through the kindness of

Mr. Hunneman.

Sprencex has included it in his Systema Vegetabilium,

under the name of B. brasiliensis of Jacg. Fil.; but I

do not know in what work of Jaceurin it is described.

Sprencet further says, it is the B. Neemda, Hortulanorum,

and the B. perfoliata of Humsotpr. The latter it cannot

be ; for it is quite at variance with the description given in

the Nova Genera. 3

It is said to be a native of Brazil and Mexico. The

flowers are produced in the stove, in the month of No-

vember.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Pistil. 3. Stamen, 4, Leaf, from the lower part of

the branches.— All but fig. 4 magnified.

N. 2714.

Pub. ty S.Curtis Walworth Pehl 18%,

CMe

CROTALARIA DICHOTOMA. Dichotomous

CroraLARiaA.

Se ecatanauananns ac

Class and Order.

~ Drape teeta Decanpria. >

‘ + fe

( Nat. Ord.—Leeuminosz. Div. II. Loren. Der Cann. )

Generic Character. wae

Cal. quinquelobus, subbilabiatus, lab. sup. Ibi} infer. 3-

fido. Cor. vexillum, cordatum, magnum, carina falcato-

acuminata. Filamenta omnia connexa, vagina s@pius su-

perne fissa. Stylus lateraliter barbato-pubescens. Legumen

turgidum valvis ventricosis inflatum, pf fe ate age

pedicellatum. De Cann. 3

Specific Char. ac ter. par

Croranarta ii ckptowe - fruticosa, diffusa, foliis ‘ternatis

cuneato-ellipticis — ‘pilosiusculis. mucronatis, stipulis

subulatis reflexis Pomorie racemis subeapitatis

oppositifoliis. — {Graham essen -

‘ ‘ound. — Danone | eg, straggling,

ent, slightly furrowed towards the top, subdichoto-

) - thi limbs bei y wenerally a little thicker than

rele. er. Leaves ternate, | sera ve eanae

ed at the rather peed t petiole

a on aed an ‘ age parti jal footstalks, soft,

“overed with minute pubescence, very

gbper > Meares ‘brig b

half. an inch enn Grevare

the branch. me awl

at. Racemes opposite

like the stipules, but less frequently reflected. Calyx bila-

biate, hairy, segments pointed, green, upper lip two-parted,

spreading, lower lip three-parted, segments parallel and

closely applied to the keel. Corolla yellow, vexillum

rounded, spreading, striated with deeper lines on the back,

claw furrowed and hairy on its lower side ; ale involute,

- shorter than the vexillum ; carina pointed, equal in length

to the ale, split at its base, its lower edge forming nearly

a right angle. Stamens monadelphous ; filaments ver

slender, five nearly as long as the style, and crowned wit

small, round, abortive anthers, five shorter, having oblong

anthers of a deep yellow colour. Germen pubescent, flat-

tened. Style turgid at the base, afterwards bent nearly to |

a right angle, filiform, hairy, persisting. Stigma small and

inted. Legumen covered with small, appressed hairs,

inflated, nearly cylindrical, slightly furrowed above. Seeds

numerous (about fourteen) kidney-shaped, and arranged

in two rows, at least when young. Granam MSS.

In De Canpotie’s Prodromus Systematis Naturalis

Regn. Veget. one hundred and _ thirty-seven species of

Crorararia are described, and among those of the division,

“ fol. palmatim compositis 3—17-foliolatis ; foliis 3-foliolatis

racemis oppositifoliis ; stipulis setaceis aut nullis” there are

several, it must be confessed, that, in character, approach

very nearly to the present species: but yet, that differ in

some particular ; so that I dare not venture to say that any

is the same, without fuller characters or reference to the

figures. Indeed, such extensive Genera can scarcely be

expected to be well illustrated without plates. —

t is, perhaps, the Crot. lupulina of De Cannoute, but

that should have ovate legumes. Ours, like it, is a native

of Mexico, the seeds having been brought from that coun-

try by Mr. Marr, and by him communicated to the Botanic

Garden of Edinburgh. The plants have been kept in the

stove, and have flowered for two successive summers.

_Wild specimens were kindly given to me, by Cuar.es

Macxenziz, Esq. our late Consul at Mexico ; and I have

an individual, from the Rev. Lanspown Guitpine, of St.

Vincent, that I can only distinguish from our plant, by its

somewhat larger leaves. I may observe, that my Mexican

specimens, seem to be rather biennial, than fruticose.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Stamens with the Pistil, ‘3. Legum

™ 9B.

Prd. by SCurtes Walworth Feb tl 1827. pee

—- WT AF z

‘-.

( 2715)

FLLocKHARTIA ELEGANS. | BEAUTIFUL

- LockuHArTIA.

| Class and Obdiv:

GyNnanprra Monanpria.

( Wate Ord. Onciring®: )

Generic Character.

Labellum superum, trilobum, tuberculatum, ecalcara-

tum. Petala duo, lateralia; patenti-reflexa, 3-conniventia.

Columna alata. Anthere infra apicem columne, opercu-

laris. Masse pollinis 2, cereacex.

Specific Name.

Lockuartia elegans.

Descr. A parasite on. the decaying trunks of trees.

Stems three to five inches high, clothed with numerous,

closely placed, distichous, equitant, ovato-oblong, very

obtuse leaves, obscurely striated, each from half to three-

quarters of an inch long, smallest at the base and at the

summit. Flower pedunculated, from the axil of one of the

upper leaves. Peduncle slender, drooping, with one or

_ two ovate bractez, an inch long, single-flowered. » Petals

oblong-ovate, concave, pale yellow, the two lateral ones

patent and even deflexed, the upper (but from the unusual

lrection of the flower inferior) immediately covering, and

connivent with the two inner ones. Lip erect, and hence

Superior, oblong, three lobed, the two lateral lobes lanceo-

te, standing out at right angles, the middle one very

se, obscurely three lobed, the central one notched,

“urved upwards. The colour is yellow, variously spotted

with red, the substance thick and fleshy, except at the ex-

fremity, the upper surface tuberculated. Column large,

yellow, spotted with red, having, on each side, a oral

ra : crescent-

crescent-shaped, serrated, deflexed wing. Anther in front,

near the apex of the column, opercu iform, two celled,

having two ovate waxy pollen masses.

_ The above description, and the annexed engraving of

this singular and highly interesting plant, are made from

a beautiful drawing in the possession of W. 'T. Arron, Esq.

That drawing was done from a specimen that flowered in

the stove of the Royal Gardens at Kew, and which was

sent, at the request of his mreclicors Sir Rate Wooprorp,

by Mr. Davin Locguarrt, from the Island of Trinidad.

Not finding the plant to agree with the character of an

already defined genus, I am sure I am complying wit

what would be the wish of Mr. Arron, in naming it after

the very zealous and most deserving Botanist, who has

introduced it into our gardens, and who, under the direction

of the governor, so ably conducts the Botanic Garden at

Trinidad. For this important situation (useful plants and

trees being there especially cultivated) he is fitted no less

by education, than by his travels. Instructed by Sir Ratpa

Wosiscas, he has visited many parts of South America,

particularly the Caraccas, and the interior of Demarara:

and let it be remembered, that he is one of the few of our

brave countrymen, who returned from the disastrous Congo

expedition, under Captain Tuckey, and the only survivor of

the party by whom the river, above the falls, was examined.

It was from Mr. Lockxnart, that Mr. Brown, as that gentle-

man tells us, in his inestimable Memoir on the plants of

that expedition, received valuable information concerning

many of the specimens, and also respecting the esculent

plants, observed on the banks of the Congo.

_ Fig. 1 Flower deprived of its Petals. 2. Back view of a Flower. 3. Front

view of ditto, 4. Anther. 5, Pollen Masses,—Magnified.

NM. 2716.

Fish by SCurtes Walw orth Fob L1IZ7.

WIE. del.

RT PE

OF less margined with re

( 2716 )

GILLIESIA GRAMINEA. Grassy-Leavep

GILLIESIA.

Class and Order.

‘MonaverpuiA Trianprra. (Trianpr. Monoc. Luinpt).

( Nat. Ord.—Giiuresrex. Linpt. )

Generic Character.

~_Involucr ? pentaphyllum, foliolis duobus ” idee webiie

minoribus. Perianth. triphyllum, foliolis basi staminum

unitis, inferne sepe appendiculatis, yi teh 4 lanceo-

latis, inferiore Jabelliformi carnoso. il. apiece | ong

dentibus (plerumque) tribus abortivis. ape! rilocule

trivalvis, poveperan = ste septiferis. > 7 rae

Specific Name bait son

Gittiesta graminea. és

Ginuiesia graminea. Lindl. in Bot. Boe. t 992.

Stites, eee OE

Deser. Bulb oblaed oma, fubloate,| bcos at the

base, where it likewise produces its new bulb, as in the ge-

Tus Ixia, Leaves two ce keg each root, long, linear, sg

teas at thet bans, ne a two th three is long; baiting

a solitary green flower, of a

nvoluc icre (wl ich seems to hold

) of five ea, which are subspi-

fall situation of a calyx

imbricated before expansion, ing and spreading

ESS the three outer ones ee, of which the two

Rate Sets smallest : the two. ‘inne r, or lateral

opposite, broadl scurely

Perianth, if it may be so called, since it is, especially i

bud, much shorter than the organs of fructification, spring-

ing from the fleshy base of the united stamens, of three

leaflets; the two upper the smallest, ovato-lanceolate,

nearly erect, often with a tooth at the base (as at fig. A);

the lower, or anterior one, large, labelliform, thick and

succulent, notched at the extremity, the margin thickened

’ and revolute, having two curved linear teeth-like processes,

one on each side, at the base, which stand forward. All

these parts, when viewed under a magnifier, appear minute-

ly papillose. Stamens united into a white, fleshy, slipper-

shaped cup, embracing the Germen, with a red spot in

front and a sulcus, the mouth oblique, furnished with six

teeth (the free portion of the filaments) whereof three, in

front, bear broadly-oval, yellow anthers, whilst the poste-

rior three are abortive, or sometimes wanting altogether.

Germen globose, three celled, many seeded. Style cylindri-

cal: Stigma subtriangular. Capsule three valved, three

celled: dissepiments occupying the centre of the valves and

bearing a row of seeds on each side.

It will be seen that I have taken a view of the structure

of the flower in this most curious plant rather different

from that which has been given by my friend Mr. Linptey,

in his admirable account. of the genus, in the Botanical

parts in the flower corresponds sufficiently with that which

prevails in the Monocotyledonous tribes. The pistil has

the ternary division, both in the germen and the style.

The cup, formed by the stamens, has clearly six divisions

or teeth, three bearing anthers, and three imperfect. Around

this body, and, evidently, springing from its base, are con-

stantly three processes or leaflets (one having the form of

the labellum in an Orchideous plant) which are regularly

arranged round the axis of the flower, and which appear

to me, collectively, to constitute the perianth. But around

this there are, as Mr. Linpxey justly observes, four,

three, or two other processes, bearing no relation, either in

their number or arrangement, to the outer segments or

Monocotyledonous perianth.

Now, upon a careful dissection of many specimens, I

_ have universally found, that these small processes have

their origin from the base of the segments of the perianth;

and hence, as well as from the fact of their varying in num-

ber and in form, I am rather disposed to consider these as

teeth-like appendages to the perianth, and, perhaps, even a

kind of monstrosity, similar to what Mr. Laypxey has ee

serv

served to take place in the stigma and style. The outer

covering of the flower is, perhaps, justly defined, by that

author, to be bracteas, although its appearance, its close

proximity to the flower, and the full expansion of the latter

so soon as the bracteas are laid open, would seem to mili-

tate against such an opinion; add to which,what we have here

called the perianth, never, even in bud, covers the organs

of fructification : and, indeed, though the quinary divisions

would seem incompatible with its being considered as a

floral covering ; yet, if we look upon the lower large seg-

ment, which we may do, as two united, the ternary series

will be complete. It will be seen by the representation of

the bud, at fig. 1, that this large (double) segment and a

smaller one constitute the outer series, as much as the

remaining three do the inner one*.

Our plant, in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, which had

been sent from Valparaiso, by the kindness of our esti-

mable correspondent, Mr. Cruicxsuanks, flowered readily

in the stoves, in the month of October, and, perhaps, in

greater perfection, under a cool frame. At best, however,

the Ginuiesia must be regarded rather as a curiosity, than

an ornament. The infloresence bears, at first sight, a most

striking resemblance to an Orchideous plant ; its bulb,

foliage, seed, and seed vessel, to the Asphodelee ; and near

this latter order, if not among it, I think it should be

placed. Its situation, in the artificial arrangement, may be

hear Sisyrinchium, on account of the united stamens.

* Should this suggestion prove correct, and if the double perianth, or, as

tr. Livpiey calls it, the third series to the usual senary division of Mono-

cotyledones, be to great an anomaly; then, may we not consider that the three

inner bodies, with their occasional tooth-like appendages, as glandular excres-

_ Cenees, arising from the united base of the stamens? ‘Their whole structure

's cellular, destitute, as Mr. Linpuey observes, of spiral vessels, and would

Seem to fayour such a notion: we must otherwise allow, that this supposed

al covering nevef shelters and protects the stamens and pistils at any

——— ==

C217:1)

DEERINGIA CELOSIOIDES. CELOSIA-LIKE

DEERINGIA.

KKK EKER EEE EE EEE ERK

Class and Order.

Pentanpria Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—AmaranTHACEA. )

; Generic Character.

Perianth. 5-partitum.. Stamina 5, basi in cyathulam

edentulam connata. Anthere biloculares. Stylus tripar-

titus. Bacca polysperma.

Frutices glabri, debiles, supra arbores et frutices decum-

bentes. Folia alterna. Spica terminales et e summis alis.

Flores tribracteati. Pericarpium baccatum inflatum. Br.

Specific Name and Synonyms.

Derringer celosioides. .

Derrinera celosicides. Brown Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl.

ce p. 413.

Cetosia baccata. Retz. Obs. 5. p. 23. Willd. Sp. Pl. v.

. :: Pp. 1202.

Descr. A glabrous plant, producing, as cultivated in

the open air at Kew, Fn herbaceous much branched,

Strageling stems, such as require artificial support. Leaves

alternate, ovate, acuminate, thin, entire, nerved : petiole

slender, about an inch long. Spike long, slender, ter-

minal upon the branches, and also springing from the

axils of the superior leaves, bearing many small, green-

, Sessile flowers, somewhat like those of Rivina humilis.

spractea three, small, lanceolate. Perianth five-partite ;

Segments oval, concave, greenish, spreading. _ Sta-

mens five, about as long as the perianth, and opposite to

the Segments, united at the base into a disk ess 4

the germen: Anthers oval, two-celled, yellow. Pistil ;

Germen roundish, ovate: Style three-partite : Stigmas ob-

tuse. Fruit a bright red, hollow or inflated, three-lobed

berry. Seeds upon erect, short seedstalks, all occupying

the centre of the base of the pericarp, kidney-shaped, com-

pressed, deep black and shining. Embryo curved, occu-

pying the circumference of the albumen.

Introduced, by W. T. Arron, Esq. to the Royal gardens

at Kew, from New Holland, where it was noticed by Mr.

Brown, and mentioned in the Prodromus, Fl. Nov. Holl. as

probably distinct from the Indian species described by

Vaut, in having the flowers larger, and several seeds in

each berry. As I have not seen the Indian plant, I am

unable to settle this point.

At Kew, this plant flourishes in great perfection during

the summer months, planted in a good exposure in the open

air, in the front of one of the stoves. The flowers are as

devoid of beauty as those of Ravina humilis, and the berries,

though much larger, are of a less brilliant red. The whole

plant turns almost black in drying.

Our figure was drawn in the month of October, from

specimens kindly given to us by Mr. Arron. In Novem-

ber the frosts generally cut the plant almost down to the

ground.

Fig. 1. Flower-bud, 2. Expanded Flower. 3. Berry. 4. Section of

ditto, shewing the situation of the Seeds. 5. Seed. 6. Section of ditto to

shew the Embryo and Albumen.—Magnified.

WN. 2778.

Pub. by S.Curtis Walworth Feb. 11827,

WIE. dal.

( 2718 )

AsTER FRUTICOSUs. SMALL sHRUBBY CAPE

| ASTER.

Class and Order.

SYNGENESIA PotyGaMIA SUPERFLUA.

( Nat. Ord.—Composir. )

Generic Character.

Recept. nudum. Pappus simplex. Cor. radii plures 10.

Cal. imbricati squame inferiores (sepe) patule.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Aster fruticulosus ; fruticosus, valde ramosus foliis subfas-

ciculatis lineari-spathulatis punctatis integerrimis, pe-

dunculis solitariis ex apice ramorum unifloris elongatis,

calycibus imbricatis squamis linea dorsali elevata.

Asrer fruticosus. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1225. Thunb. Fl. Cap.

ed. Schult. p. 687. —

Aster fruticulosus. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. p. 2018. Ait.

Hort. Kew. ed. 2.0. 5. p. 49. |

R africanus frutescens &c. Comm. Hort. v. 2. t. 27.

(8.) Aster maritimus fruticosus Hyssopi foliis confertis,

flore albo, &c. Pluk. Mantiss. p. 29. t. 340. f. 19. .

Slee

_ Duscr. Stem woody, much branched in a zigzag manner,

from eight inches to a foot or a foot and a half high, accord-

ing to Commenin. Leaves upon numerous young branches,

but so short in general, that the leaves appear to be fasci-

culated; they are from half to three quarters of an inch

eng, Spreading, linear, approaching to spathulate, im-

Pressed with dots, the margin quite entire and recurved.

’s solitary, upon terminal, solitary, naked, very slen-

der peduncles. Involucre ovato-cylindrical, of several li-

Hear-oblong, closely imbricated scales, slightly pene

; ; ie

the top, at the back having an elevated, hard, callous, lon-

gitudinal line or ridge. Florets of the ray purple, linear,

acute, in the cultivated state, with one or two serratures

at the margin. Germen oblong, hairy. Pappus rough.

Florets of the centre, tubular, yellow. Germen and pappus

as the florets of the circumference.

This appears to have been cultivated, according to

Pur Mittar, so long ago as 1759, in the English gar-

dens. It is certainly a very desirable greenhouse plant.

Our figure was made from a drawing in the possession of

W. Townsenp Arron, Esq., from plants introduced by Mr.

Bowie from the Cape of Good Hope. It flowers in May.

Our native dried imens have not the serratures in the

florets of the circumference which are here represented.

Fig. 1. Leaves. 2. Two Scales of the Involuere. 3. Floret of the cir-

cumference, 4, Floret of the centre, 5. Portion of the Pappus.—Mag-

nified.

W2719

Pub by S. Curtis. Walworth Feb 1, 1827.

( 2719 )

Brietia Wooprorpir. Wooprorpian

BLeETIA.

KEK KEE EEK EERE EEE ERE RK

Class and Order.

Gywanprta p RG

( Nat. Ord ncuron: )

Generic Character..

LnbAlisy sessile, cucullatum ;— nune* ‘basi calearatum.

fers 5, arse Chet, libera, Se ag pein 8 v.

yA ‘fic a

thea to es, lancec lat os plicate, green, variegated with

A radical , two feet or more high, terete,

stan intervals ; with purplish- -brown

cales at the joints. Flowers large, in racemes

terminating the scape, each subtended by a lanceolate,

green bribe. Petals five, nearly equal, elliptical, concave,

spreading, yellow-green, striated, four lateral and one ter-

minal. Lip quite exposed, erecto-patent, nearly as long as

the petals, large, involuto-cylindrical, white, thick, fleshy,

-obsoletely veined, embracing the column, with a short,

ess obtuse spur at the base, the apex standing forward, of

three broad, elec beoeen: completely involute lobes, which

— waved and crenate at the margins. Colwmn nearly as

eng as the li abe curved forwards, cylindrical at the back, the

front Srooved and gt white. Sunk into the apex, as it

‘ were,

e.-

were, is the Anther, convex, white, operculiform, contain-

ing four, two-lobed, waxy, obovate, yellow pollen masses.

This fine species of Buer1a was communicated, in 1820,

from Trinidad, to the Royal gardens at Kew, by Sir Ratpu

Wooprorp, to whom I am anxious to dedicate it, as toa

gentleman through whose love of science and liberality,

our stoves are enriched by many choice productions, and

to whom I am, individually, indebted for a most valuable

Herbarium of Trinidad plants.

As a species, it is abundantly distinct from any described

individual of the genus.

The engraving was made from a drawing in the pos-

session of W. Townsenp Arron, Esq.

Fig. 1. Reduced outline of a Plant. Side view of the lip, enclosing the —

Column and the Germen. 3. Column and Spur. 4. Front view of the

Column, withthe Spur cut open. 5. Summit of the Column, with the Anther

and Stigma. 6. Interior view of the Anther, with the pollen masses. 7.

Anther-case. 8. Pollen Masses.—All but fig. 1. more or less magnified.

Pub by 5. Curtis, Walworth, March 11827.

( 2720 )

PROTEA LONGIFLORA. LONG-FLOWERED

CREAM-COLOURED PRrRoOTEA.

Class and Order. |

- Terranpria Monoeyrnia.

Cal. bipartibilis ineequalis, labii latioris laminis stamini-

feris coherentibus. Stylus subulatus. Stigma angustius

cylindraceum. Nux undique barbata, stylo_ persistenti

caudata. Receptaculum commune, paleis abbreviatis per-

sistentibus. Involucrum imbricatum, persistens. Br.

Protea longiflora ; foliis ovato-oblongis sessilibus basi

subcordatis simplicibusve, ramis tomentosis, invo-

lucro sericeo-ciliatis, calycis aristis brevissimis, stylo

glabro involucro longiore. Br.

Prorea longiflora. Lam. Encycl. v. 5. p. 650. Br. in

mee Tome, v. 10. p. 76. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 1.

Pp. . Boks}

Prorna lacticolor. _ Salish. Parad. 27.”

Protea ochroleuca. Smith Exot. Bot. v.2. p. 43. t.81.?

Descr. The plant from which the annexed figure was

en forms a small tree, seven to eight feet high, with rather

few, downy branches, and numerous spreading, broadly-

ovate, obtuse, slightly concave, waved, sessile leaves, some-

times cordate at the base: scarcely veined, midrib strong at

the base, slightly sericeo-pubescent, the margin tomentoso-

Sericeous, reddish : the substance, especially of the older

ones, thick and rigid : the colowr somewhat of a glabrous

‘Sreen. Involucrum much longer than any of the ope oe

, | Fe

yet shorter than the flowers, between cup-shaped and

funnel-shaped, externally beautifully silky ; the lower part

formed of cordato-ovate, closely imbricated, erect scales ;

the upper scales, gradually longer, oblong, subspathulate,

spreading, and beautifully margined, especially towards the

int, with a delicate silky fringe ; their colour, too, is yel-

owish white, the tips mostly brownish. Calyx four inches

long, subulate, opening, from below, upwards, to three-

fourths of its length, into two, unequal, silky, cream-colour-

ed, waved, filiform segments, the upper part enclosing the

stamens, entire, forming a vagina or green sheath around

the style, tipped with a silky pencil of hairs. The calyces

(or Perianths), sixty to seventy in number, collectively

form a cup-shaped ray ofa single series, and exhibit a most

beautiful appearance. Germen with a brown, silky fringe.

Style filiform, brownish on one side, quite glabrous. Stigma

a little inclined, subulate, very slender, obtuse.

From the greenhouse of the Glasgow Botanic Garden,

where it bears its fine blossoms, of that beautiful cream-

coloured white which we see in the flowers of the Mac-

noua, in November. If the figure of Sir James Smrru, in

Exotic Botany, referred to by Mr. Brown, be the same (and

it differs materially in the relative length of the flowers

with the involucre, in the radiated tip to the calyces, and

acute leaves) then it was, probably, introduced to this

_ country by Mr. Hiszerr. Mr. Brown mentions it as ex-

isting in the Royal Gardens at Kew, in 1809.

Probably too, it is the species alluded to by Dr. Sims, at

t. 1717, of the Old Series of this Magazine, under Protea

latifolia, as “‘ a variety of that species, with greenish-white

flowers,” which was cultivated in the Hammersmith nur-

sery. That species, indeed, (P. latifolia) has very much

the habit of the present plant, scarcely differing but in the

rose-coloured flowers and the sericeous style.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Upper portion of the Calyx laid open, to shew the

Stamens. 3. Stigma.—Magnified. a Gey

TEE. by.SCartis Walworth. Marcht 1827

—WLH dat be

“litt tle pubescence at the

a white spot at t

( 2721 )

DICHORISANDRA OXYPETALA. SHARP-

_ PETALED DicnorIsANDRA.

FREE bbbk

Class and Order.

‘Hexanpria Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord. —Commeuinez. )

Generic Character.

Calyx triphyllus, inferus. Cor. tripetala. Stam. 5—6,

in duas phalanges disposita, antheris lanceolatis, erectis,

loculis parallelis. Caps. corolla baccante induta, trilocu-

laris, polysperma-- “Nees. et side

Specific arid.

Nae

DichorisanpRA oxypetala ; cemo terminali, pe

bifloris, petalis ovatis acutis, foliis elli

“ attenuatis, floribus hexandris. ae

ee :

—

Descr. Ap pparentl mal

ple or forkes rou rou bin, clothed with Maec

striated, slightly pubescent sheaths of the lea

below. Leaves confined to the r pal

about five on each stem or bri

attenuated both at the base an

striated, the sides a little incurved,

to four inches long ; ph , is stout, Athos" 27

the pedicels remote, rd Adc > the upper ones very

short, the lowest one long, deflexed ; pedicels and flowers

with small brown ovate bractee. Calyx of three, ovate,

Spreading, greenish, veined leaflets. Corolla of three,

ovate, acute, arreding 4 reddish purple, veined petals, with

the base. Stamens six, three interior, and

exterior, erect : filaments very short: anthers linear-

oblong

oblong, purple, whitish at the base, opening by two pores

at on Subremity: Pistil : Germen wlietical style fili-

form ; stigma obtuse.

Dicnorisanpra is a genus that was established upon the

D. thyrsiflora, by Mrxan, in his Delectus Flora et Faune

Brasiliensis ; and three more, D. gracilis, radicalis, and pu-

berula, were afterwards, together with an amended charac-

ter of the genus, published by Dr. Nes and Dr. Martius,

in the llth vol. of the Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. From all

these our plant is sufficiently distinct in the form of its

petals.

Fig. 1. Anther. 2. Pistil.

( 2722)

JUSTICIA SPECIOSA. PURPLE-FLOWERED

East-Inpian Justicia.

Class and Order,

Dranpria be ade Wie

( Nat. Ord —Acawtmaces. 4

Generic Character. “i ; é

Cal. xqualis, .

laris, bilabiata vel

2, antherifera. A

sepius inequalibus.

Ovarit loculi dispermi.

- retinaculis subtensa. Br.

raro é-parkbed Corolla’ valde ae

ns, labio inferiore diviso. Stamina

biloculares, loculis insertione

venta sterilia nulla vy. obsoleta.

ch ed adnatum.- = gam

Specific Character a an

Justicia speciosa ; perennis, oubcin. foliis.

datis petiolatis vix serratis glabris, ped

ribus terminalibusque proliferis rpciioee

involucratis duplicibus. imvolucro externo t

3-floro, corolla. bilabiata | tubo curvato tort

_ Superiore tridentato. aaa ’

Jusricra speciosa. Roxb. im Fl. Ind. vo. 1. p. 123.

penernan eee

— = eee

Ei ae

_Drscr. “A. rather all

es branches us loure

3 dearbcly © biriated: Lé us

Gata ‘acuminated, the lower

subcordate, and slightly crenate, dark green

beneath ; bi nerves oblique, prominent be-

2 Paloma, axillary and Hemi, often proliferous;some~

— wanting ; when present, generally very long, leaf-

ate

Bractee, constituting a double _dsgtiesd es ciliated at

eee

oe ee

their margins, of which the outer is three-flowered, com-

d of four leaflets, two being oblong, and two spathu-

lato-oblong, the inner or partial mvolucre also consists of

four, upright, lanceolate, smaller leaflets surrounding each

flower. Calyx small, of five deep, linear, acute segments.

Corolla externally pubescent, with a very long, pale, curved,

remarkably twisted, purplish tube. Lips two, elliptical,

oblong ; the upper one (become so by the curvature of the

tube) with three minute teeth at the extremity; the lower

entire (two-toothed. Roxs.). Both are of a deep, rich,

carmine purple, the upper lip with one large, and several

smaller dais spots at the base. Stamens two; Filaments

much exserted; Anthers of two obliquely placed cells.

Pistil : Germen ovate, with a fleshy annular disk ; Style

as long as the stamens ; Stigma obscurely bifid.

The first information I had of this charming species of

Justicia, and which [ cannot doubt is justly said by Dr.

Roxsureu to be “ one of the greatest ornaments of the

forests in the interior of Bengal,” where it is a native, was

from Mr. J. F. Bunsury, of Barton Hall, Suffolk, who

communicated to me a living plant, as well as fine flower-

ing specimens from his mother, Lady Bunsury’s collection

at that place.

The seeds were received by Lady Bunsury from St.

Helena, where, in all probability, the plant was introduced

from India, since it has been long cultivated in the Botanic

Garden, Calcutta. I possess specimens from Dr. Cargy,

oR Reena ; and the individual from which the accom-

pee rawing was taken, came from the stove of Mrs.

warp Cropper, of Toxteth Park, near Liverpool.

Not only is the colour of the flowers very brilliant, but

the flowers themselves are so large and so numerous upon

the plant, that, perhaps, scarcely any species of the genus

is more deserving of a place in our collections.

Fig. 1. Anther. 2. Calyx and Pistil. 3, Germen, 4, Stigma.—Mag-

‘

( 2723 )

BEGONIA UNDULATA. WAvED-LEAVED

BEGONIA.

: Class and Order.

Monazcta Poryanpria.

( Nat. Ord.—Brcontacez.)

Generic Character.

Mase. Cal.o. Cor. polypetala, petalis plerumque 4, —

‘inequalibus. : | '

Fam. Cal.o. Cor. petalis 4—9, plerumque inequa-

libus. | Styli tres, bifidi. Caps. triquetra, alata, trilocularis,

. Yar a ¥ Specific Character. oe oe ae

Brconta undulata 7 fruticosa, foliis inzequaliter cordatis

_ undulatis integerrimis glabris nitidis, capsule alis

rotundatis equalibus. Graham MSS.

Breonza undulata. 5 Otto. }

Ps ‘

Descr. Stem erect, turgid below, tapering upward

annular ; when young, slightly hispid, green, and | aving —

humerous small oblong white spots ; when older, glabrous, —

and of a reddish grey colour, branched ; branches axillary

and alternate. Leaves petioled, alternate, distichous, un-

ually cordate, smooth and shining, undulate, acuminate,

ofa full green on the upper surface, paler and minutely dotted

below, three inches long, the edges occasionally reddish,

especially when young and callous, quite entire, but having

a dot like an obsolete tooth at the termination of each

vein ; petioles hispid, especially on the older branches, a

= of an inch long. Stzpules varying in size and

stape, pointed, transparent, reddish, and spotted sor the

em,

cuiniadib :

stem, caducous. Panicle supported on peduncles about

half the length of the leaves, dichotomous, smooth and

shining. Bractee unequal, shorter than the pedicel, pel-

lucid, colourless.

Flowers white : Cor. of the male of four petals, of which

the two outer are largest, cordate ; that of the female of

five petals, the largest about one-third of the length of

the wings of the capsule: wings of the capsule rounded,

tapering towards the pedicel. Sé¢gmata convolute, pubes-

cent, with two prominent angles on each, yellow. Stamens

numerous, yellow. Seeds very numerous, covering the

projecting wings of their green receptacles. Granam.

Communicated with the above description by Professor

Grauam, from the stove of the Botanic Garden at Edin-

burgh. That gentleman received it, with the name here

adopted, from Mr. Orro, of Berlin, with the information,

that it was a native of Brazil. It seems to be quite dis-

_ tinct from any hitherto published.

Fig. I. Male Flower. 2. Female Flower. 3. Transverse section of the

Germen,

Aub by-SCurtis Walwarth March.11827

— WEE. dol? —

(2724 ):

CONOSPERMUM TAXIFOLIUM. YEW-LEAVED

CoNOSPERMUM.

KKK EERE KER ERE EEK

Class and Order.

TETRANDRIA Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—Proreacez. )

Generic Character.

Perianth. tubulosum, ringens: lacinia suprema basi for-

nicata. Anthere tres incluse: laterales dimidiate : supe-

rior biloba; primum coherentes, lobis proximis vicinarum

loculum constituentibus! Stigma liberum. Nux obconica,

papposa.

Frutices. Folia sparsa, integerrima, plana, rariusve

Jiliformia. Spice axillares, v. terminales, composite, sensim

florentes inde corymbose. Flores solitarit, sessiles, unibrac-

teati, albi v. cerulescentes. Perianthium deciduum. Brac-

tea cucullata, persistens. Br.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Conosrpermum taxifolium ; foliis lanceolato-linearibus acu-

tis mucronatis tenuissime pubescentibus verticalibus

basi tortis, pedunculis axillaribus. Br. ;

Conosrermum taxifolium. Smith in Rees Cycl._ Br. in

Linn. Trans. v.10. p. 154. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov.

Holl. v. 1. p. 369. Sieber Fl. Nov. Holl.n.43.?

“ Conosrrrmoum falcifolium. Knight et Salish. Prot. 95 fl

onan

Descr. An erect twiggy shrub, with its stem and few

ches more or less pubescent; sometimes glabrous.

Leaves numerous, scattered, rigid, from one half to three

uarters of an inch long, linear-lanceolate, with a very

sha P point, somewhat obliquely twisted, erecto-patent,

oe : pubescent

pubescent or glabrous. The peduncles are axillary, aris-

ing singly from several of the upper leaves; so that taken

collectively, they form a sort of corymb. Each peduncle

is simple or forked, pubescent, furnished with remote,

ovate bracteas, and terminated by several sessile, pubes-

cent, whitish flowers, each having an ovate, pubescent,

and ciliated bractea at its base. Perianth tubular, slightly

curved, two-lipped at the extremity ; the wpper lip entire,

ovate, gibbous or fornicate at the back below the point ;

the under lip trifid; the segments ovate. Stamens four,

placed just within the mouth of the tube: Filaments dou-

ble ; three alone bearing anthers, and these are placed in

the upper lip of them; the two lateral ones have one lobe,

and the central one two, purple. Pollen yellow, globular,

with three points or angles. Pistil: Germen superior

obconical, hairy, and terminated by a long simple pappus ;

Style geniculated filiform ; Stigma spreading, toothed.

Of this genus, nine species are enumerated by Mr.

Brown in his Prodromus; but no species appears hitherto

to have been cultivated in our gardens, till Mr. Attan Cun-

NINGHAM, in 1823, sent seeds from New Holland to the Royal

gardens at Kew, where they produced flowering plants, in

the greenhouse, in the month of May, 1826. From a

drawing in Mr. Arron’s possession, the annexed represen-

tation was made, aided by dried specimens for the dissec-

tions. } >

Judging from these dried imens, C. taxifolium is lia-

ble to aes variation, in ge and pubeacones of the

foliage. Sreser’s plant has the leaves twice the size of

that here given, and I have, on the other hand, specimens

gathered by Mr. Fraser, whose leaves are so narrow, that

the plants might almost be considered as intermediate be-

tween taxifolium and ericifolium.

Fig. 1. Flower and Bractee. 2. Upper part of a Perianth laid open. 3.

Front view of a Stamen. 4. Back view of ditto. 5. Pollen. 6, Germen,

with its pappus, style, and stigma.—Magnified.

N. 2725

Fibs by 8. Curtis, Walworth March L182 /. :

_— Swansea

—Wi Hh aed? —

€ 2725 )

GESNERIA AGGREGATA. CLUSTER-FLOWERED

GESNERIA.

Class and Order. ae

DipyNAMIA ANetosPEmatia.

( Nat. Ord—Gusxerrez. Ricu. )

age

Generic Character.

Cal. 5-partitus, (plerumque germini adnatus.) -Cor.

tubuloso-campanulata, limbo bilabiato; labio superiore

bi-inferiore trifido. Stigma bilobum. Capsula bilocularis,

2-valvis, placentis parietalibus.

| Specific Character and Synonyms.

Gusneria aggregata; pubescenti-yillosa, foliis ovato-ob-

longis crenatis rugosis petiolatis, pedunculis 2—4 axil-

laribus unifloris aggregatis, corollis clavato-cylindri-

cis basi superne bigibboso.

Grsneria aggregata. Bot. Reg. t. 329.

Gzsneria pendulina. Bot. Reg. t. 1032.

pe ET

Descr. Stem herbaceous, from one and a half to two

feet high, branched, with opposite branches, and hairy.

Leaves opposite, from two to four inches long, ovato-

oblong, rather obtuse, wrinkled with the numerous anas-

tomosing veins, downy, especially beneath, where it is pale

and almost woolly, the nerves prominent, the margins cre-

nulated: petiole semiterete, from half an inch to an inch

long. Peduncles from two to four, springing from the

axils of the leaves, and shorter than they, slender, hairy,

Single-flowered. Calyx of five, deep, ovate, acumiate,

ry segments, Corolla beautiful scarlet, an inch and a

half long, tubular, but swelling upwards, pubescent ; the

‘mouth nearly regular, with two spreading lobes = ord

the upper, and three, the lower lip. Stamens four, inserted

at the base of the corolla, white. Filaments shorter than

the corolla, curved. Anthers all united by their edges so

as to form one mass. Pistil: Germen almost wholly supe-

rior, ovate, pubescent, with four yellow glands at the base,

of which the upper one is much the largest; Style filiform ;

Stigma obtuse.

This was raised in the Glasgow Botanic Garden from

seeds which Mrs. Granam collected in Brazil, in the neigh-

bourhood of Rio. It is well figured in the Botanical Re-

gister*, where it is justly given as a previously undescribed

species. It seems, however, to be very nearly allied to

GesneriA hirsuta and hondensis of Humpotpt and Kuntu.

In this genus (as in Groxin1a, which in many respects

bears a great similarity to it) there are some species, among

which is the present, that have the germen almost entirely

free from any adherence with the calyx.

* Since the above description was written, we find in the number of the

Botanical Register for January, the same plant, as it appears, figured under

the name of G. pendulina.

Fig. 1, Anthers, 2, Pistil—Magnified.

srt

VIE ae

Fue. by.SCartis Walworth Match.1.162].

( 2726 )

“HABENARIA LEPTOCERAS. SLENDER-SPURRED

HABENARIA,

SEEK EKER EEK EEEREEEEREK

Class and Order. |

Gynanpria Monanpria.

( Nat. Ord.—OnrcuipeE&. )

Generic Character.

Cor. ringens. Labellum basi subtus calcaratum. Glan-

dule pollinis nude distincte (loculis pedicellorum adnatis

vel solutis distinctis.) Br. :

Specific Character,

Hasenaria leptoceras; labello tripartito laciniis linearibus

lateralibus minutis, cornu filiformi compresso germine

_ duplo longiore, petalis ext. : valde concavis, int. semi-

Sagittatis, anthera basi bicalcarata, calcaribus subtus

| bituberculatis.

Descr. Root? Stem a foot or a foot and a half high,

rather stout, angular, leafy. Leaves erect, lanceolate,

much carinated, striated, gradually passing upwards into

bractew, which are as long as the germen, ovato-lanceolate,

concave. Spike from six to eight inches long, of many

rather remote greenish flowers. Outer petals or segments

of the perianth ovate, green, remarkably convex, the late-

ral ones obliquely twisted, spreading: the two inner ones

Semisagittate, plain yellowish, applied to the inner margin

of the galea. Lip yellow-green, of three linear segments,

the middle and large one is linear, shorter than the germen,

curved back, the lateral ones small, dentiform. Spur twice

as long as the germen, white, filiform, slender, compressed

at the extremity. Anther ovate, yellow, lengthened as

, he

the base into two horizontal protruded, straight horns or

spurs, which include, in a groove or furrow, the pedicels of

the pollen masses, and are terminated by the brown gland.

At their base beneath are two sessile yellowish glands.

Pollen mass oblong, granulated: pedicel very long. Ger-

men cylindrical, striated, and twisted.

This singular species of Hapenaria came up in a pot of

mould which we received, at the Glasgow garden, from the

Horticultural Society, and which was marked as containing

Neorria orchioides. It belongs to the true Hapenarta of

Witipenow, of which that author described but two spe-

cies, characterized by having two long spur-like processes

from the base of the anther, which contain the lengthened

pedicels of the pollen masses. From both those species it

is abundantly distinct. The bud has a curious appearance,

being much compressed laterally, and notched on one side :

the cornu too is developed considerably before the expan-

sion of the perianth.

Flowered nit the stove, in the month of October, 1826. _

Fig. 1. Side view of a Flower. 2. Front view of the Helmet, Anther, and

Lip. 3. Lateral Petal. 4. Anther. 5, Pollen mass.—Magnified.

ere en

AprulTt3 27

wih 4

™~

-4

cS)

™N

; oe Pret!

Se, if

Lid aiaiecoti/

Pub. by § Curtis Walworth April 1 1827.

—- WTI. det*

( 2727, 2728 )

Caryocar Nucirerum. Sovari, or

Butrtrer Nout.

EO Oe oe Os os Os 2 2 OO Os Os OR OR OO ORO

Class and Order.

MonapetpuraA Trrraeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—Raurzozotzz. De Cand. )

Generic Character. '

Calyx 5-partitus, demum laciniis deciduis. Stamina

numerosissima, basi monadelpha. Pet. 5, crassiuscula.”

Drupa, nucleis 4, aut abortu 1—3, reticulatis.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Carvocar nuciferum ; foliis ternatis, foliolis elliptico-lan-_

-ceolatis obscure serratis epi calyce corollaque’

purpureis, antheris oblongis, drupa maxima. |

Choad uciferum. Linn. Mant. p. 247. Willd. Sp. Pl.

fae . Dp. Pers. Syn. Pl. v. 2. p. 84. Spreng.

yst. Veget. v. 2. p. 627. De Cand. Prod. v. 1. p.

monoine Poke Garin 98. 6,98. 1, 6

onexie tuberculosus. Smit.

ib nad ulosa. . Ai 1 u

ng avery consider-_ i

Descr. Arborescent: the tree attaining a very cor

able size: its branches, at least ne smaller ones,

site, their bark smooth, dark grey, inelit ing to purple, the ;

young shoots purple-green. Leaves also opposite, enclosed,

when quite young, within two lanceolate, concave, deci-

duous stipules, petiolate, ternate, the leaflets broadly lan-

eo 2 alle oD : ceolate

ceolate or elliptical, attenuated at the base, acuminated at

the extremity, from four to six or eight inches long, quite

glabrous on both sides, having a mid-rib and parallel ob-

liquely transverse veins, the margins obscurely serrated.

The inflorescence is produced in a terminal corymb of

from two to eight flowers. The pedicels long, thick, pur-

plish, glabrous, gradually enlarging upwards. Calyx two

inches broad, cut to the very base into five broadly-ovate

or rounded, obtuse, spreading lobes, of a purplish-brown

colour and thick texture, with a scar or transverse mark

near the extremity on the outside, concave, within pale

purple towards the apex. Corolla of five very large ellip-

tical concave petals, imbricating in the bud, of a deep

purplish-brown colour, paler and redder where they have

been protected by the outer ones; the inside is pale yel-

lowish, streaked with purplish red. Stamens exceedingly

numerous, hypogynous, united into one body at the base,

the union reaches higher up from the base in the inside,

than on the outside of this tube, thence separating into an

infinite number of separate bundles of filaments, which are

themselves united for about half their length, and which

then divide into from sixteen to twenty slender, unequal,

yellowish, distinct filaments, each terminated by an oblong,

curved, two-celled, longitudinally-opening Anther. Pollen

exactly spherical. The number of these stamens Mr.

Guitvine has determined to exceed four thousand nine

minated by four filiform Styles, about as long as the

stamens, yellowish-green at the base, the rest reddish: the

Stigmas simple, acute, Fruit an almost spherical, four-

celled, four-seeded drupe ; measuring five or six inches in

diameter ; but having, generally, one or more of the cells

abortive,—the form of the entire fruit is altered in conse-

quence ; and the extremity or scar of the styles is generally

excentric._ The exterior surface is, when ripe, of a reddish-

brown colour, os mottled with darker markings, like a

russet apple ; the flesh is thick and yellowish. Each cell

has a lining of a white astringent pulp, in which the large

Nuts lie embedded ; affixed, as it appears, to a central axis :

these are of a rounded subreniform figure, and rich brown

colour, compressed, and even flattened to an almost sha

edge on one side and truncated, where they are attache

to the pericarp, and there likewise having a sulcus. The

shell is closely embossed with tubercles, which are elon-

gated towards the flattened edges, of a very hard aus

(so as to require a heavy blow with a hammer to break it)

and thick substance ; this substance is filled with numerous

linear transverse cavities. Each Nut has a single cell, in

which is a glossy and shining, rich brown, solitary seed,

attached to the truncated portion of the margin, nearly re-

niform, or of the same shape as the nut, covered with a

rather thick, smoothish, red-brown membrane or integu-

ment, within which lies the almond, destitute of albumen.

This is reniform, or subcylindrical, curved so as to be

kidney-shaped, and is believed to constitute the radicle,

subacute at one end, at the other having a curved atten-

uated process, terminated by two small ovate cotyledons.

The whole of this mass is greyish brown externally, within

almost of a pure ivory white, the substance soft and fleshy,

somewhat oily (whence the fruit is known by the name of

Butter Nut), and of a very agreeable flavour.

If we sometimes depart from the rule, to which the for-

mer editors of the Botanical Magazine appear rigidly to

have adhered, that no plant should be admitted into its

pages, except it has been cultivated and brought to blos-

som in our gardens ; it will only be in the rare imstances,

where, if the plant has been introduced, we have little hope

of seeing it produce flowers in this country ; or where the

individual is not yet known to our collections, but is most

worthy of being cultivated, either from its beauty, or from

some useful property residing in it: in both these cases,

none will be given but such delineations and descriptions

as are taken from living plants, on the fidelity of which we

can, with certainty, rely. é

Already we have at our command an inestimable set of

drawings of West Indian Plants, principally of such as are

useful, from yielding articles of food or medicine, or which

afford materials connected with commerce ; these are exe-

cuted by the Rev. Lanspown Guinpine of the island of

St. Vincent, with the greatest attention to accuracy : and

we have another collection, from General Harpwicke, of

designs, made under his directions, in the East Indies.

The subjects of the annexed plates are taken from the

drawings of our excellent friend, Mr. Guizp1ne, which were

accompanied by specimens, both dried and in spirits, and

by ample notes. These, we trust, have enabled us to com-

pile a very satisfactory account of a plant, of which, aap a

| serra =

the nuts have long been known, no representation what-

ever has been given of the flowers.

In the fruit shops we are all familiar with a nut, known

by the name of Souari, or Suwarrow (Auster spells the

word Saouari), or Butter Nut. To the tree which pro-

duces them, Lixnzus, in his Mantissa, seems to have given

the appellation of Caryocar nuciferum, which has been

adopted by WizipEenow and Dz Canpouz, by Persoon and

Sprencet. Witpenow describes the species as having

ternate leaves, and farther says, “ Calyx corollaque pur-

purea, Drupa magnitudine capitis, Nuclei amygdali sapori?”’

Auster, under the name of Prxea butyrosa, Plantes de la

Guiane, t. 238, has figured a plant evidently belonging to

the genus Caryocar, only that the fruit is monospermous:

the leaves are quinate. At p. 597 and t. 239 is represented

his Pexea tuberculosa, where again the foliage is quinate,

but downy beneath, and the nut is figured and described

(for neither the flower nor the pericarp of the fruit were

known to Auster) as so extremely similar to that of our

present plant, that we can hardly persuade ourselves they

are not the same. The almond is said to be white and

good to eat ; its name among the natives is Tata Yous ;

and the Savoarr of the Caribbees is declared by Auster, to

be represented in his t. 240, which, though it has ternate,

glabrous leaves, like those of the Caryocar nuciferum,

bears a fruit of a totally different kind. 2

Wiupenow describes three species of Caryocar; the first

is the C. nuciferum (Linn. Mant. being the only synonym) ;

the second, C. b sum (Prxea butyrosa. Avs.) ; and

the third, C. tomentosum (P. tuberculosa. Avsu.); and he

mentions the Saovari of Auster as probably belonging to

this genus.

Sir J. E. Surra describes two species of the genus, the

Carrocar butyrosum (Pexea. Avs.) and the C. tubercu-

losum, and tefers them both to the Rurzoznotus of Gartn.

To this latter, Sir J. E. Smrru refers C. tomentosum of

Wittpenow, together with the C. nuciferum of Linn£vs,

and the P. tuberculosa of Auster.

De Canpoxte, like Witipenow, has kept the C. nuci-

jferum of Linnzvs distinct from the rest, and characterized

it “ foliis trifoliolatis, calyce corollaque purpureis, an-

theris oblongis, drupis capitis humani magnitudine: with

which arrangement we perfectly accord. Our plant has

ternate leaves, glabrous on both sides, and is the tree that

produces the nut, so commonly sold under the name of the

Suwarrow,

Suwarrow, or Butter Nut. Of this it has fallen to the lot

of Mr. Guixpine to illustrate not only the flower, but the

fruit, in a way, which, we trust, will prevent all further

confusion.

The tree is a native of the continent of South America,

in the districts of Essequibo and Berbice, and the leaves,

as well as nuts, have more than once been communicated to

us from those countries, by C. S. Parker, Esq.*. It was,

however, from a tree, imported into the island of St. Vin-

cent’s, that the drawings here given and many others, which

the limited nature of our work will not allow us to intro-

duce, were made. We have confined ourselves to the

more essential figures, selected from a series of four folio

drawings. The flowers, Mr. Guitpine observes, may,

occasionally, expand more than they are here represented ;

but the tree being at a great distance from our friend’s

residence, he had not the opportunity of frequent access

to it.

Lal

* Mr. Parker writes us word “ of the Souari (or, by corruption,

Suwarra Nut), I have only seen one kind, and that not often, in our ill-

supplied market at George Town, Demerara. It is the kind I sent you,

which I always took for the C. nuciferum. In its native woods I never ga-

thered the Souari Nut but once, during a hasty excursion to the summit of

the “ Blue Mountains,” on the left bank of the Essequibo river. When we

had attained the summit of the ridge, perhaps six or eight hundred feet above

the level of the sea (the highest ground I ever stood upon in the colony), I

found first a Nut, and then a decayed Drupe upon the ground. The trees were

very lofty which produced them, and, I think, I may safely say, that their

stems grew perfectly straight, without a branch for seventy or eighty feet,

like vast columns.” :

Tar. 2727. Fig. 1. A small terminal flower-bearing Branch; having few

basse ca = with others), and from which most of the leaves are

removed. At the letter a, is a scar whence a leaf has fallen. A peduncle

“i seen, from which the corolla and stamens — dropped ; "eo Se me

Flower, perhaps not quite so much expanded as when in

State. 3. Calyx, with slcaee cut through transversely, to show the Ovules.

—All of these are the natural size. 4. Portion of the Stamens, shewing

their union at the base, and their mode of splitting into distinct bundles.

5. Front view of an Anther. 6. Back view of the same, to show the insertion

of the Filaments. 7. Pollen —All magnified. ,

Tas. 2728. Ag ie i taining three Seeds, reduced to about one-

third of its eet ey mee of the same, shewing the situation of the

Seeds, and their intermediate pulpy envelope, similarly diminished. 3.

Nut.—Natural size. 4. The same cut open to show the Seed. 5. The

Embryo. 6. Seed laid open, to show the internal appearance of the Embryo.

—All these of the natural size. Z

Pub. br S.Curtis. Walworth April Z.18 27.

( 2729 )

Maxitearra Parkert. Mr. Parker’s

MAXILLARIA.

KKK KEE KKK EERE REE

Class and Order.

GyNnaAnDRIA Monanpbri.

( Nat. Ord. —Orcuipea. )

Generic Character.

Perianthium patens, resupinatum. Labellum cum pro-

cessu unguiformi columne articulatum, trilobum. Foliola

lateralia exteriora basibus cum processu column connata.

Pollinia 4, basibus connata, glandulosa (vel 2. pedicellata,

pedicello basi glanduloso). Herbe parasitice, bulbose,

Americe meridionalis. Racemi (vel scapi uniflori), radi-

cales. Lainpt. sot tors!

Specific Character.

Maxittaria Parkeri ; bulbo elliptico compresso rugoso

monophyllo, folio lanceolato-lingulato coriaceo obscure

Striato, basi in petiolo compresso attenuato, scapo

unifloro bracteis imbricato, petalis interioribus lineari-

lanceolatis, labello oblongo trilobo, lobis lateralibus

incurvis, terminali patente undulato, intra lobos late-

rales linea media longitudinali clavata. tit

Descr. Parasitic: Bulb about the size of a pigeon’s ¢ e

elliptical, compressed, somewhat wrinkled, and partially

clothed with dry husky sheaths, terminated by a solitary

often a foot long, and two, or two and a half inches

‘ A a Sects texture, vee, a —— agp rib,

and obscurely marked with longitudinal lines, green,

lanceolate, = between Satgoelane and strap-shaped, rather

acute, attenuated at the base into a compressed fleshy

petiole, which is grooved on the anterior edge. ?

Scapes, one or two from the base of the bulb, bearing a

moderately sized single flower, and clothed with large

ternate,

alternate, imbricating, equitant, compressed, broadly ovate,

membranaceous scales or bractee: their colour is green,

beautifully striated with purple at the base ; the upper

one the largest, having its apex lying over the base of

the back of the flower. Flower erect, or a little inclined :

three outer petals erecto-patent, oblong, the two lateral

ones decurrent at the base, but scarcely forming a spur ;

yellow buff-colour, the two interior ones erect, linear-lan-

ceolate, white, punctato-striated with purple on its lower

half within, its lower inner margin adnate with the column.

Labellum as long as the inner petals, erect, the sides invo-

lute, three-lobed, beautifully and longitudinally veined with

purple, except on the terminal lobe, which is ovate, crisped

at the margin and spreading. Between the lateral lobes is a

longitudinal elevated yellow line. Column semicylindrical,

curved a little forward, deep brownish purple, yellow at

the base. Stigma quadrangular, placed in the front just

atthe apex. Anther operculiform, terminal, hemispherical.

Pollen masses four, two smaller and two larger, elliptical

or ovate, compressed, yellow, united by a semilunar, large,

whitish gland, having a purple margin.

This is a very pretty species of Maxillaria, and very

distinct from any hitherto described. It was discovered by

our friend Cuarzes S. Parker, Esq. in Demerara, and by

him sent to the Liverpool Botanic Garden, where Mr. Suep-

HERD informs us, it flowers readily (treated in the usual

manner of the Parasitical Orchidez), and continues a long

Fig. 1. A Blossom, of which the Petals or Segments of the Perianth are

laid open to show the Column and Labellum. 2. Side view of the Labellum.

3. Summit of the Column from which the Anther-Case has been removed,

showing the Stigma and Pollen-Masses. 4. An Anther, including its Pollen-

Masses. 5. Front view of a Pollen-Mass. 6. Back view of ditto —All more

or less magnified,

Pub. by. 3 Cartis. Walworth April] 1827,

( 2730 )

NEOTTEA GRANDIFLORA. LARGE-FLOWERED

NEOTTIA.

Class and Order.

GynanpRiA Monanpria,

{ Nat. Ord —Orcuwea. )

Generic Charaeter.

Cor. ringens: petalis exterioribus anticis labello imberbi

suppositis ; interioribus conniventibus. Colwmna aptera.

Pollen farinaceum. Br.

Specific Character and Synonym.

Neorria grandiflora ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis sessilibus sub-

carnosis immaculatis, scapo bracteato, petalis anticis

decurrentibus labello semiinfero ecalcarato suppositis.

Spiranrues grandiflora. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1043.

Descr. Terrestrial, stemless. QLeaves ovato-lanceolate,

sessile, bright green, having a few large semipellucid spots,

springing from the crown of the root. They are six to

eight inches long, concayo-carinate, with a central rib, and

Several parallel obscure nerves ; the margin waved: the

Substance is rather thick and fleshy, more succulent than in

N. picta. Scape a foot or more high, having several brac-

tee, ovate, or ovato-lanceolate, appressed, gradually be-

coming smaller, and passing into the linear-lanceola

bractee of this flower :—this scape is thick, succulent,

pubescent, sulcated; at the extremity the flowers are ar-

ranged in a lax spike, occupying about one-third of the

Seape. The flowers are large, erect, the greater part of

the perianth or petals declined almost at right angles ; so

that the whole, especially in bud, has a strong resemblance

to the head and neck of a bird: their colour is pale uni-

form green, except the two inner petals and the labellum,

which are pole and yellower: the whole flower too, is, ex-

ternally, clothed with dense succulent white hairs, except

the inner petals and the labellum : this pubescence is, how-

ever, far more conspicuous on the germen than on the

petals, and the apices of all the petals are alesse]

: ee Stabrous

glabrous. Upper petal shorter than the two lower ones,

thick, fleshy, darkish green, united and incorporated with

the two inner ones, of which latter, the margins alone are

visible : they are thin and membranous, and the three,

collectively, form a helmet over the essential parts of fruc-

tification ;—the two lower petals (which in most orchideous

plants occupy the side of the flower, but here the under

side) are long, linear, lanceolate, remarkably decurrent at

the base, at least twice the length of the upper petals,

uniting, and then, still lower down, forming an adnate

spur, best seen by a transverse section, fig. 9; where the

lower part of the figure represents the space formed between

the petals and the germen, containing only the base of the

labellum. The labellum is long, the margins involute

about the column, spathulate, the extremity spreading (but

not reflexed), waved at the margin, longitudinally striated,

the base slightly gibbous. Column erect, long, almost a.

lindrical, having the stigma at the base full of honey-like

juice, spreading at the upper part into an ovate acuminate

horizontal extremity, flat at the top, and having affixed to

its base, on the upper surface, the lanceolate two-celled

anther. The pollen masses, two in number, white, farina-

ceous, clavate, having a longitudinal rima, and fixed, by

their base, to a rather large leaden-coloured gland, are de-

posited by the anther-case on the top of the column (as at

fig. 7.). Germen twisted at the base. — 2 :

The present plant is a native of Brazil, and we were.

:the-speciada by the Mesers.:Saemiaes, of

en*. It bears much affinity to

lute. The two are cultivated in the same stove by the

Messrs. SHEPHERD, and are always found to maintain their

respective characters. 3

* We had called this plant Nrorrta viridis, to distinguish it from the N.

picta; but since our engraving and description weré completed, we find the

same species to be figured in the last Number of the Botanical Register (for

February, 1827), under the name which we have now adopted; and it is

stated to be introduced to the Horticultural Society, in 1824, from Rio Jane- |

iro, by Mr. Davi Doveuas. fe

Fig. 1. Side view of the upper part of a Flower. 2, Front view of

Flower. 3. Back view of ditto. 4. Flower deprived of its Petals. 5. ©

lumn. 6. Back yiew of the top of the Column, the Anther Case covering the —

Pollen Masses. 7. Top of the Column, the Anther Case being removed.

8. Pollen Masses.—All more or less magnified. ee

Oe Sd

Pubby 8. Curtis Walworth. April 11827

2731

( 2731 )

Hovurruynta corpata. Corpate Hovur-

TUYNIA.

Tee

Class and Order.

. TRranria TRIGYNIA.

( Nat. Ord.—Arowez ? )

Generic Character.

Spatha tetraphylla. Spadix oblongus staminibus nudis

epigynis tectus. Capsula unilocularis, polysperma. Re-

ceptacula 3, parietalia. ae

Specific Name and Synonyms.

Hovrruyntia cordate.

Hovrruynia cordata. Thunb. Jap. p. 234. 1.26. Willd.

Sp. Pl. v. 2. p. 290. Wall. in Fl. Ind. ». 1. p. 360.

£. pe iO.

Potypara conchinchinensis. Lom. Coch. v.

Descr. Root perennial, somewhat thick and. creeping,

throwing out a few fibres. Stem from three or four inches

to two or three feet high, according to Dr. Watticu, erect,

mostly simple, zigzag. glabrous, in our specimens, bearing

remote alternate leaves. Leaves cordato-acuminate, entire,

glabrous, nerved, more or less deeply notched at the base:

Petiole more than half as long as the leaf, furnished at the

= with a membranaceous, brown, somewhat ciliated s¢i-

_ Peduncle terminal, solitary, single-flowered. Spatha re-

sembling a corolla, of four ovate, spreading, white elliptical

leaflets, inserted immediately below the oblong spadix,

which consists of several naked closely-placed flowers.

Germen somewhat ovato-triangular, terminating in three

recurved styles, with an opening (as in Resrpa) between

_ the base of the styles. Stamens: Filaments white, inserted

upon the angles, near the middle, of the germen. Anthers

Sone So oblong,

oblong, yellow, opening with two lateral cells. The cap-

sule is scarcely altered in form from what it was in the state

of the germen, except that the aperture between the styles

is more enlarged: the styles and withered stamens remain.

Within the one-celled capsule are three longitudinal pari-

etal receptacles, bearing each a few elliptical brown seeds,

acuminulated at both extremities, filled internally with an

albumen, which is between waxy and corneous, except at

one end, where the minute embryo is imbedded.

Although the drawing in the possession of W. TownsEND

Arron, Esq., from which the annexed figure was principally

copied, represents but a small state of the plant; yet we

are glad to have an opportunity of giving any representa-

tion of so great a rarity, of which no good plate has yet

been given, and which has been by no one well described,

but by Dr. Wa ticu, in the Flora Indica, above quoted.

That description, indeed, is most accurate in every respect.

Tuunsere first detected the plant in Japan, where it is

known by the name of Doku Dami, or Sjunjak, growing

abundantly in ditches by way sides ; and it has since been

found in very great plenty also in Nepal, by the Honorable

Mr. Garpner, Dr. Gowan, and Dr. Watiicu. We have

many dried specimens from the latter botanist, from which

our dissections have been made ; and, from seeds sent by

‘the same individual, and from the same country, Nepal,

plants have been raised by Mr. Arron at Kew, which blos-

somed in the month of September, 1826. .

In Cochinchina, Lovretro found it only in gardens.

Fen rn

Fig. 1. Single Flower. 2. Anther. 3. Capsule. 4. Capsule open to

ee 5. Seed. 6. Section of ditto.—Mugni-

cance

2752

Pubby S. Curtis Walworth. Aprit i £827. co Hee eee

— F Tided*

‘thick, rounded, unbranched ? stems, erect.

C2732.)

ScmvoLa Kamnicii. Siuppy Biast INDIAN

Scavora. :

Jeb bobenbbe oobi

Class and Order. 4 ‘

Penranpria Monoeynta. i

~ ( Nat. Ord.—Goopenoviz. ) Ae

Generic Character.

Corolla hine longitudinaliter fissa, geninany%e ealfalveti

timbo inde secundo, 5-partito, laciniis alatis fodior nibs”

Vanthevee libere. Stigmatis indusinm ciliatum. ei Td

Specific Character and Synonyms

Scavora Kenigii; ¢ ymis-glabris, floribus dichotomiarium

pedicellatis, cokes 5-partito ovarium zquante, foliis

obovatis apice subrepaniis utringue ramisque glaber-

timis. Br.

: — Keenigii. Vahl. Symb. v. 3. p. 36. Willd.

Pl. v. 1. p. 956. Brown PvOer. Fr Nov. Holl. v. i‘,

p. 580.

EVOLA

‘ites

_ . 2 Seine

_ Descr. Apparently a succulent shrul sy pt with

aves alter-

nate, four to five inches long, obovate, and tapering at the

into a very short footstalk, and at the point of inser-

tion furnished with a tuft of white silky hairs: the surface

‘'Sscarcely nerved, the margin repando-crenate towards the

extremity ; the substance thick and fleshy. —

Cyme of about three lateral. flowers, opposite, subtended

by opposite bractex, which have a tuft of white hairs in

the inside, central flower pedicellate. Calyx superior, five-

partite, the laciniz lanceolate. — Corolla with a tube slit

open on the spect moe hed gee ey within ; limb

unilateral,

ee *

unilateral, of five spreading, winged, waved, and ciliated,

white, obovate segments : each has a central line ; pubes-

cent at their base, and this down, or these hairs, when

closely examined, are found to originate on small scales,

fig. 2. Stamens five; free, scarcely so long as the tube.

Anthers oblong, two-celled. Germen inferior, obovate,

furrowed. Style thick, longer than the stamens, green,

hairy at the base. Stigma obtuse, surrounded by a cup- -

shaped, strongly ciliated indusium. Berry ovate, about as

large as a pea, two-seeded.

For the opportunity of figuring this exceedingly rare

plant, I am likewise indebted to the friendship of Mr.

Arron. His drawing was made at the Royal Gardens at

Kew, in August, 1826, from specimens raised from seed, sent

in 1824, by Mr. Attan Cunninenam, from New Holland.

It is a native of the sea shore in the tropical parts of that

country, according to Mr. Brown ; and it was on the north

coast that Mr. Cunninenam likewise detected it. I

specimens from the Mauritius, which were gathered by

Mr. Boser, and which differ from the figure here given

only in having the Cymes compound, probably the effect

of luxuriance.

Scavona sericea and Sc. Plumieri of Linnazus have the

same aspect as the present plant. The former has downy

leaves, and the latter (a native of the West Indies, and

also of the Cape), has the central floret always sessile.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Scale from the base of one of the Segments of the

Flower. 3. Flower deprived of the Corolla —Magnified,

siarnlenninienieteasiaisiaclapeati

ee |

2733 |

Sub, by SCnrtis, WalworthAprrl! 1827.

—WAIZ, dal? —

( 2733 )

CAMPANULATA PrisMATocARPUS. ANGULAR-

FRUITED Carpe CAMPANULA.

KEKE EEEEEKEEERE EERE REESE

Class and Order.

PenTanpRria Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—Campanutaces, )

Generic Character.

Calyx tri- rarius 4-fidus. Corolla campanulata, 5-fida.

Filamenta basi dilatata. Stigma 3, 2-lobum. Capsula 3,

2-locularis, sepius infera, foraminibus lateralibus aperiens,

nunc apice supero valvato. Br.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Campanuta Prismatocarpus ; capsulis linearibus bilocula-

ribus, foliis lanceolatis laxe serratis glaberrimis caule

decumbente. a}

Campanuta Prismatocarpus. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed.1. v. 1.

p. 224. ed. 2. v. 1. p.352. Willd. Sp. Pl. v.1. p. 913.

Spreng. Syst. Veg. p. 737. 3

“ Prismarocarpus nitidus. L’Herit. Sert. Angl. 2. t. ” Fag

ee 2

Descr. Shrubby, whole plant glabrous. | Stems pro-

cumbent at the base, thence erect, reddish-brown, shining,

scarcely branched. Leaves rather remote, patent, sessile,

lanceolate, rigid, scarcely more than half an inch long,

stiff and rigid, furnished with a mid-rib, the margins slight-

ly revolute, spinuloso-dentate, the teeth distant, poimting

Superior, five-partite, the leaflets linear-lanceolate, erect.

| Corolla

Corolla almost infundibuliform, white, quinquefid at the ex-

tremity. Stamens united by the anthers. Pistil: Germen

_wery long, linear, tetraangular: Style filiform. Stigma

bifid. Capsule acutely quadrangular, two-celled, four-valvy-

ed, the valves opening longitudinally. Dissepiment linear,

membranaceous, at length free, thi, membranaceous, with.

a central thickened rib, to which the seeds are attached on

both sides. Seeds in two ranks, elliptical, plane, dotted.

Introduced to the Royal Gardens, according to the Hor-

tus Kewensis, by Mr. Masson, from the Cape of Good Hope,

in 1787. It appears then to have been lost to our collec-

tions for a number of years, until seeds were again sent to

oe ge Gardens at Kew, from the Cape, by Mr. Bowie,

in :

Porter describes the corolla as rotate ; which, it as-

suredly, is not, either in the Kew plant, or in dried spe-

cimens we have in the Herbarium ;—on the contrary,

it is an unusually long and narrow tube for the genus.

The capsule is as long as narrow, and as regularly tetra-

gonal as that of an Epilobium ; it splits from top to bottom

ito four valves, and contains a dissepiment bearing two

rows of seeds on each side.

Pe o:

Fig. 1. Flower and Bractee. 2. Stamens and Style. 3. Capsule: one

of the Valves separated from the bottom to shew the Dissepiment bearing the

Seeds. 4. Portion of the Dissepiment. 5. Seeds—Magnified. =

e. ‘in ae

273F

ie Aki

Sas —_ | >

Pub.by. &.Curtis, Walworth. May, £. 1827. swear!

- .

( 2734, 2735, 2736, 2737,2738 )

Loporcea SecueLttarum. Dovste, or

SEYCHELLES-IsLAND, Cocoa-Not.

SHRI bisik

Class and Order.

Dracra Monapetpuia.

( Nat. Ord.—Patm. )

Generic Character.

Masc. Spadix basi spathaceus, sanieatedecle Amentum

cylindraceo- -elongatum, squamatum intra substantiam flo-

riferum. Flores in massam subreniformem arctissime

distiche imbricati, numerosi. Calyx triphyllus. Corolla

tripetala. Stamina numerosa, basi monadelpha.

Fam. Spadix basi spathaceus, vaginato-squamosus ; squa-

mis erosis, flores remotiusculos gerens. Calyx triphyllus.

Corolla triphylla. Germen late ovatum, inferne triloculare.

Stigma sessile, minutum, trifidum. . Drupa fibrosa, nuce

bi- triloba, di- trisperma ? .

Specific Character and Rynenyme: 4

Loporcea Sechellarum.

L,. eer. Labill. in Gage Mus. v.9. p. uo, he + 8

pr st. Veg. v. 2 5 is

L. Se a Porat Syn. PL. v. 2. p. 630.

Cocos maldivica. Gmel. Syst. Nat. v.. 2. p. 569. wW ld.

Sp. Pl. v. 4, p. 402. at

Parmer de V’Isle Praslin, vulgairement appellé ¢

de Mer. Sonnerat Voy. de la Nouvelle Guinée, ‘ip. 4.

eee, 4.5.6.0 4.

, cc ‘ocus maldivicus. “Rumph. Hist. Amb, v. 6. p- 240. t. 81.

Des ‘The Trunk of this ‘beautifil i rises COM

emir to an elevation of a or saaty peek, , ane ometimes

about a foot in diameter, with scarcely any difference in

size to the very top, where it is crowned with a tuft of

from twelve to twenty leaves ; these are very large ; the

youngest rising from the centre, at first folded close, like a

shut fan, and then clothed with a downy substance ; at

length they expand into a broadly-ovate form, having a

central rib, and beautiful regular plice or folds diverging

from it; the margins more or less deeply cut, especially at

the extremity. Some of these leaves have been measured,

and found to be twenty feet long and ten or twelve feet

wide, supported upon a petiole as long as the leaf itself:

their more common size, however, is from eight to ten

feet long, and five or six wide, which is about the dimension

of the foliage produced by the oldest trees. The colour is

a bright yellow green; the texture thin and dry, and when

viewed under the microscope, is seen to be composed of

a beautiful tissue of fine network, having quadrangular

areole or meshes. The old leaves, when withered, hang

down upon the stem, previously to falling off. |

The male and female flowers are produced upon different

trees (t. 2734.) ; each constituting a Spadix, which has

sinall sheathing Spathas at the base.

Spadix of the Male Plant from the axils of the leaves, amen-

taceous (not unaptly compared to the closely imbricated

Catkin of a willow), from two to four feet long (t. 2735),

and from three to four inches in diameter in the thickest part,

cylindrical, tapering however towards the extremity, closely

covered on all sides with densely imbricated, semicircular,

slightly convex scales, which so completely form a continua-

tion of the substance of the spadix, as not to be separated

but by force. When looking externally at these scales, a

small aperture will be perceived, from which the stamens

issue ; and this aperture, though near the base, is not in the

centre of each scale, but constantly on one and the same

side ; and as the scale laps over with that side the one next

above it, so the aperture and the stamens will be found to

pass through both (t. 2735. f. 2.). The origin of the sta- _

mens, indeed, is not, as in our amentaceous plants, imme-

diately beneath the scales. We must make a transverse

section through the whole (between fleshy and fibrous)

substance of the spadix, and we shall find it to be every

where filled with elliptical cavities, radiating from near

the centre to the circumference, and on the circumference

terminating at the apertures above mentioned. (See t

where the cavities are the largest, the section has

through the very middle of them, where smaller, either a

very small or a very large portion has been cut away ; for,

opposite to the apertures, the cavity is of the same size, or

nearly so throughout.) Each cavity we find to be filled with

a great number of flowers, about an inch long, but collected

and united into a very closely imbricated, distichous,

kidney-shaped mass (t. 2735. f. 4.), attached by its base,

(a) to the innermost side of the cavity next the axis of

the spadix. Only one flower opens at a time, beginning

with the lowermost, which is the longest and next the

aperture ; when that has discharged its office, the one

above it becomes more elongated, expands, is protruded

till the pollen is dispersed ; and so on, till the whole, haps

fifty or sixty, have withered ; in which state they still gectante

within the cavity, a mere mass of husky scales, if possible

more closely compacted than before. Each flower is com-

posed of six pieces, of which the three outer have been gene-

rally considered a calyx, and the three inner, a corolla (t.

2735. f. 5, 6.): they are oblong, membranaceous, yellowish-

brown; the outer ones rather larger and more angular

than the inner. Stamens fifteen or twenty. Filaments

united at the base into one body (t. 2735. f: 7.): Anthers

linear, two-celled, opening longitudinally, each cell termi-

nating in two globular heads. The Spadix has a short

compressed footstalk, with a groove on one side. te

_ Spadix of the Female Plant (t. 2736, f. 1.) also springing

m the axil of the leaves, pendent, two to four feet long,

thick and woolly, tortuose, clothed with large sheathing,

red-brown scales, which are singularly fimbriated, or more

§enerally erose at the margin, and support several, more

or less distantly placed, female flowers of different ages, at

_ the same time, and of various sizes: for, along with the

-fully-formed ripe fruit is often seen the still unfertilized

Sermen, in itself about the size of a hen’s egg, but enve-

_ toped in the six leaves of the perianth, of so thick a nature,

88 to render the whole of the dimensions and form of a

_ Moderate sized apple (t. 2736, f. 5.). The three outer

and three inner leaves (or Calyx and Corolla) are almost

emisphzerical and an inch thick at the base ; the outer ones

the largest, their margins crenated ; but both remain and

_icrease in size prodigiously with the fruit, so as then to

be five or six inches in ‘hia Germen almost concealed

by the Perianth ; broadly ovate, narrow at the base above

the insertion of the Perianth ; and in that lower part only,

ye exhibiting

exhibiting an appearance of three cells (¢. 2737. f.1.): the

whole upper part, a little above the letter a of f- 2, t. 2736,

is a pulpy mass, traversed by longitudinal vessels. In

other germens there is no trace of cells. The stigma is

sessile (unless the great mass above the insertion of the

ovules may be considered as a style), having a minute, three-

lobed aperture. As the fruit advances to maturity, one or

two of the cells become abortive, and the germen, rounded

before, then appears depressed on one side. (A vertical

section of an unripe fruit is given at f. 2, and a transverse

section, at f. 3 of t. 2737, in both of which there appears

to be but a single seed or nut.)

Many, indeed, of the germens are wholly abortive. A

single spadix ripens from five to six fruits, each as large as

the largest melon, often a foot and a half in length, weigh-

ing twenty, or twenty-five pounds, oval, rounded, or com-

pressed on one side, and more or less acuminated, the base

surrounded by the greatly enlarged Perianth (t. 2738, f. 1.).

The external coat, or Pericarp, is formed by a thick enve-

lope, or husk, which bears much resemblance to the coat

of the common walnut, but is vastly thicker in proportion,

having nearly the same form and colour, that is, a deep

green. Before the fruit has attained its perfect maturity,

the interior, near the base, is divided into two parts, and

contains a substance like a white jelly (¢. 2737, f. 2, a),

firm, transparent and sweet to the taste. A single Cocoa-

nut holds, perhaps, three pints of this substance ; but if kept

a few days, it turns sour, thick, and unpalatable, giving

out a very disagreeable smell.

One, two, or three, rarely four nuts are found within

each pericarp. These nuts are a foot long, broadly ovate,

or elliptical, at the base very obtuse, at the upper extremity

notched into two or three, rarely four deep lobes, hemi-

herical on one side, compressed on the other, of a dark

brown almost black colour, and a very hard woody texture,

marked externally with shallow furrows (¢. 2738, f. 2, 3.).

This nut is divided in the middle by a dissepiment (two or

three, probably, in those which are two or three lobed) of

considerable thickness, but leaving a communication in

the centre from which the Fane or infant plant eventually

appears. The cavity is filled by the almond, which is ve

hard, white, and corneous, so that it may be rasped wi

a ox — with St a — iB eee

welve months elapse, from the time of the appearance

of the germen, before the fruits are fully ripe; aggre

Se : ts ve

_ the shell has decayed, but after the pericarp has fallen away.

» elapses before the nt

Sah:

have been known to hang three years on the tree before

falling on the ground. The outer envelope rots away in a

few days. It is from the sinus of the lobes, where there

are many, coarse, rigid fibres (¢. 2738, f. 3.), that the

Embryoor Germ is protruded ; and this takes place before

It extends itself to a considerable distance from its par

seed before it is separated, remaining attached to it by

what appears a portion of the root or radicle; whilst the —

outer extremity penetrates into t 1, and from a clet

in the thickest part, near the middle, throws up the plum ie;

as appears at the letter a of the same plate and figure.

‘he tree has generally

it at the same

or thirty years before it. |

from. twenty to thirty ri

time.

s fruit.

difficulty of

for examina-

was the more to be regretted, since, known plants,

hardly any tribe has offered to m: D

valuable properties as the Palms; or

ch elegance and m:

been stamped by

y of form ; whence

arrangement, but gr

his system, ca

a aloe: which has been

remain a monument of

for a long time has been the least perfectly known, and yet

the most extensively celebrated, is, the subject of the pre-

sent description, the Double Cocoa Nut, the Coco de Mer,

Coco de Salomon, and Coco des Maldives of the French,

the Cocos Maldivicus of Rumpuivus, and Nux Medica of

Cuusivus. Until the discovery of the only spot in the world

where the nuts grew, in the year 1743, they were solely

known from having been found floating on the surface of

the sea, in the Indian ocean, and near the Maldives islands,

whence their French name was derived; and even in the

time of Rumpuivus, the nut was spoken of as the “ mirum

miraculum nature, quod princeps est omnium marinarum

rerum, que rare habentur.’” The nut only was found

floating, destitute of its husk, and mostly with the internal

part decayed ; it was called “‘ Calappa Laut’ by the Dutch,

and under that appellation Rumpnius has given an histo-

rical account of it; but fabulous as it is, he tells us, that

many other tales were related to him respecting it, which

were too absurd for him to detail.

The Double Cocoa Nut is not, he assures us, a terrestrial

production, which may have fallen by accident into the

sea and there become petrified, as Garcias ab Orta relates;

but a fruit, probably growing itself im the sea, whose tree

has been hitherto concealed from the eye of man. The

Malay and Chinese sailors used to affirm, that it was borne

upon a tree deep under water, which was similar to a Cocoa-

nut tree, and was visible in placid bays, upon the coast of

it instantly disappeared. The negro priests declared it to

grow near the island of Java, with its leaves and branches

Maldivian islands, it was death to any man to possess it :

all that were found became the immediate property of the

king, who. sold them at a very high price, or offered them

as the most precious of regal gifis. ‘Their value was esti-

— WJ Badelt — Pub by §.Cartis, Walworth. May 1, 1827

“apes

but those nuts which measured as much in breadth as in

length were the most esteemed ; and those which attained

a foot in diameter were sold for one hundred and fifty

crowns. Nay, some kings have been so greedy of obtain-

ing these fruits, as to have given a loaded ship for a single

one.

The Chinese, as well as the natives of the Archipelago,

are justly thought by Rumpuius to have set, perhaps, too

high a value upon their medical properties, in considering

them an antidote to all poisons. The principal virtue |

resided in the meat or albumen, which lines the nut, and

which is so hard and corneous, as to be preserved fora

length of time after the embryo is destroyed. This sub-

stance was triturated with water in vessels of porphyry,

and, mingled with black and white, or red coral, ebony,

and stags’ horns, was all drunk together. The Double Cocoa

Nut was also thought serviceable in all inflammations of the

body ; as a preservative against colic, apoplexy, epilepsy,

paralysis, et id genus omne.

The great men formed of the shell, which possesses fewer

medicinal properties, precious vessels, cutting off a trans-

verse slice, which constitutes the lid ; and in this they put

their tobacco, betel, lime, and whatever else they masticate ;

believing they can never then be contaminated by any

thing noxious. Water kept in it is considered to preserve

those who drink of it from every complaint.

The discovery of the Seychelles Islands, and the know-

ledge thence derived, that these nuts grew upon trees, as

other Cocoa-nuts, soon reduced the value of this commodity ;

and now, probably, by the Indians, as by the Europeans, it

is only sought as a matter of curiosity, or for domestic

purposes. The Botanical history of the tree, was, however,

not the less a desideratum. The industrious Sonnerat

ve a description of it, not a very scientific one, indeed,

in his excellent Voyage 4 la Nouvelle Guinée, when he

landed upon the Isle Praslin, or Isle des Palmiers, one of

ie Seychelles. The Tree is represented in the ong oo

is work, and again in the frontispiece, and the Fruit,

nd sections of the Nut and the male Spadix, are

the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh plates: he

the tree into the Isle of France. Commerson

MSS., under the name of Lodoicea, which

3 stly, La Bintarpiere, in the

m d’Histoire Natu-

of it, and figures, from

specimens preserved in spirits ; together with a representa-

tion of the tree, from a drawing made in the Seychelles

Islands, by M. Liter. This is followed by an account of

the uses of the Palm, communicated to the Museum of

Natural History at Paris, by M. Queau-Quincy, Corres-

pondant et Administrateur Genéral des Isles Seychelles.

These accounts, in conjunction with some nuts that Mr.

Barcray and myself received from our inestimable friend

and correspondent, Cuartes TeLrair, Esq. of the Mauri-

tius, only served to stimulate our curiosity ; and we re-

quested Mr. Tetrair, to procure, if possible, either from

the Palms that he informed us were cultivated in the Isle

of France, or from the Seychelles Islands, such specimens

as would enable us to publish more satisfactory delinea-

tions than had yet appeared. The Isle of France Palms

had not yet fructified; but Mr. Texrarr lost no time in

begging his friend J. Harrison, Esq. of the Seychelles, to

obtain the necessary specimens. With the utmost promp-

titude and kindness, that gentleman devoted several days

to visiting, with a dozen of blacks, the Isles of Praslin and

Curieuse ; and in the midst of those little known islands,

he not only made drawings from the living trees, but pro-

cured and forwarded to us, through Mr. Trxrair, the Male

and Female Spadices and Fruit, in different states, pre-

served in spirits, with Leaves, a Seedling Plant, and even

with a portion of the Trunk. All these, except the fully

ripened fruit, arrived in safety. A perfect representation

therefore, of the mature nut, is still wanting. _ :

_ Much of the description of the plant here given has

been communicated by Mr. Harrison ; and we have now

to offer some further remarks, from the same valuable source.

The Seychelles, or Mahé Islands, as they are sometimes

called, lie to the N. East of Madagascar, in about 5° S.

latitude, and 55° E. longitude. It 1s in this groupe only,

that the Palm is found, and among them, on no others than

the Isles of Praslin and Curieuse, and Round Island. These

are within half a mile of each other, mountainous and

rocky, and the soil poor. The common Cocoa nut (Cocos

nucifera) occupies the sea coast; but all other parts are,

or have been entirely covered with ‘‘ Cocos de Mer.” “ To

behold these,”” says Mr. Harrison, “ growing in thousands,

close to each other, the sexes intermingled ;—a numerous

offspring starting up on all sides, sheltered by the parent

plants ;—the old ones fallen into the sear and yellow leaf,

and going fast to decay, to make room for the young —_

Vins Hf. delé — Lub. by S Curtis Walworth. Mayl 1827.

—

—— =

ge Re se

presents to the eye a picture so mild and pleasing, that: it

is difficult not to look upon them as animated objects, ca-

pable of enjoyment, and sensible of their condition.”

A new leaf is formed upon the tree annually; and on

falling away at the end of the year, it leaves a scar or ring :

by these, it is estimated, that one hundred and thirty years

are required palors the tree attains its full development.

The foliage is largest and most beautiful in young plants ;

the new leaf i is always formed in the centre, and it shoots

out perpendicularly, folded close like a fan from the top,

to the length of ten feet, or more. In this state, it is of a

pale yellow colour, and is employed for making hats and

bonnets; afterwards ‘it expands itself in all its beauty, and

becomes green. ‘There is a space of about four inches be-

tween the rings on the trunk. A’ Coco de Mer, planted on

M. De Qurncy’s estate, on the Isle Mahé, is thirteen feet and

a half high, has thirty-nine marks or rings, and was planted

forty years ago ; it is a female plant ; but there being no

male plant in the island, the fruit: never cori to maturity.

The crown oe the trunk, ine the midst o f the leaves, is

called. the cabb page, and is eat alike that of the true Cabbage

(AREcA 01 slicate , and slightly

ter heingall it and d of its soft

| : ‘ous serves to make water troughs, as

palisades for surrounding houses and wardens.

lage ther of houses and

nd even for . With a hundred leaves, a

conceal dwelling be structed ; including even

the partitions of. ments, the doors and windows.

In the Isle Praslin, met of the cabins and warehouses are

thus made.

attached to the young leaves serves

‘ illows.

and fibres of the petiole constitute

The young foliawe, as before men-

ent material for hats: for this pur-

es only are taken, dried in the

| strips, two or three lines in

th, which are then plaited ; and scarcely any other

Seychetfen for the head is worn by the inhabitants of the

Seychel

Out of the nut are made vessels of different forms and

uses. When preserved whole, and perforated in one or two

Places, the shell serves to carry water; and two of them

are

are suspended from opposite ends ofa stick. Some of these

nuts hold six or eight pints. Ifdivided in two, between the

lobes, each portion serves, according to the size and shape,

for plates and dishes, or drinking cups; these being valua-

ble from their great strength and durability: so that this

kind of utensil, in the Seychelles Islands, bears the name

of Vaisselle de V Isle Praslin. And such is the estimation in

which these nuts are held by the negroes and poor people

of other islands, that the sailors always try to obtain, and

make them part of the cargo of their vessels. Amongst

other articles, shaving dishes, black, beautifully polished,

set in silver, and carved, are made from them.

We have received from Mr. Texrair, at the Royal Glas-

gow Botanical Garden, a living nut of this rare Palm;

but, although all possible care was taken in its treatment,

it did not vegetate with us. We feel confident, however,

of possessing living plants in our stoves ere long, as Mr.

Texrarr has promised us the nuts in an actual state of ger-

mination ; which, with proper care on board of the ship,

during the voyage, will reach us in safety *.

* Since the above was printed, Mr. Barcuay and myself haye received

accounts of the arrival, in the river, of Germinating nuts of this most valuable

eee

Reference to the Plates, 2734, 2735, 2736, 2737, 2738,

Tas. 2734 represents the Male and Female Palm.—T. 2735, f. 1, Male

Spadix, much diminished. 2. Scales, with Stamens protruded, natural size.

3. Section of the Male Spadix, ditto. 4. Cluster of Male Flowers; a. the

point of attachment to the Cell. 5, Single Flower, in bud. 6. the same

expanded, natural size. 7. Bundle of Stamens, slightly magnified. 8.

Single Stamens, magnified—T. 2736. 1. Part of a Female Spadix. 2. Pistil.

3. One of the outer Segments of the Flower. 4. Inner Segment, all reduced

in size, 5. Female Flower, natural size-—T. 2737. 1. Section of a Germen.

"2, Vertical, and 3 Transverse Section of a young Drupe.—-T. 2738. 1. Drupe.

2. Nut. 3. Nut in a state of germination.—4il much reduced in size.

Correa Se

May/ 1827.

Walworth

Pub, by Ss Curlis

—— (MM. Curtes. del.-

( 2739 )

SoLaANuM QuITENsE. ANGULAR-LEAVED

DOWNY SOLANUM.

KEK EERE EEK KEKE KEKE KEKE

Class and Order.

Penranpria Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—Soxanacesz. )

Generic Character. .

Cal. 5—10 partitus. Cor. subrotata, 4—10-fida. An-

there conniventes apice poro gemino dehiscentes. Bacca

2, 3, 4-locularis, placentis septo adnatis. Semina glabra.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Sotanum Quitense; inerme, caule suftruticoso, foliis sub-

cordatis sinuato-angulatis utrinque tomentosis, racemis

lateralibus brevissimis, hirsutissimis, bacca globosa.

Soranum Quittoense. Lam. Ill. n. 2326. Encycl. Meth.

v. 4: p. 285. Duznal. Solan. p. 143.

Sotanum Quitense. Humb. et Kunth Nov. Gem. v. 3. p.

25. Syn. Pl. Gigr. v. 2. p. 162. Spreng. Syst. Veg.

2.1.9 679. ,

Sotanum Bening Ruiz et Pav. Fl. Per. v. 2. p. 36.

t. 170. f- a.

Sonanum amplissimo, anguloso, &c. Feuil. Per. Obs. v. 3.

p. 61. t. 46.

Descr. Biennial: according to Ruiz and Pavon, six feet

_ and more high, quite destitute of spines, rounded, greenish-

brown, thick and succulent, densely hairy. Leaves: the

lower, one and a half to two feet in length, cordato, sinu-

ato-angulate, the angles callous at the tip, very downy, _

especially. beneath, and there remarkably so in the young

leaves, purple, very veiny; the veins purple, very promi-

nent beneith: Racemes exceedingly short, axillary, clo oa

as well as the five-parted calyx, with very densely, crowded,

soft hairs, drooping.

Corolla large, pure white, purplish on the outside and

there pubescent, rotate, almost two inches in diameter.

Anthers very large, yellow, connivent, as long as, and con-

cealing the style. Fruit a globose Berry, according to

Flora Peruviana, of the size and colour of an orange, cover-

~ ed with a short down, at length glabrous, shining, fragrant.

Soianum Quitense, the very noblest species of the genus

we are acquainted with, we had lately the pleasure of seemg

in the garden where the drawing was made in October, 1826,

that of our friend R. Barcray, Esq., at Bury Hill, Surry :

it was growing in the open air to the height of five or six

feet, and with its noble leaves, large white flowers, the

thick and beautiful purple down which clothes its racemes,

calyx, and the underside of its young foliage, exhibiting a

truly handsome appearance.

Introduced by Mr. Barctay, from Peru, where it appears

to be not uncommon, and where it is even cultivated in the

gardens. The natives call the fruit Orange de Quito

(Naranjitas de Quito); and some drops of the juice are

mixed with the drink called Matte.

This plant must prove a valuable addition to our gar-

dens, treated as a hardy annual: probably, however, it

will only ripen its fruit in the stove or greenhouse.

Pub. by 8, Curtis,Walworth,May.l. 1827,

WL. delt

( 2740 )

RuIPSALIS GRANDIFLORUS. LARGE-FLOWERED

= Ruipsais. .

Class and Order.

F tthe

-Icosanpria. MonoeyntA.

( Nat. Ord.—Cacru. )

Generic Character.

Cal. superus, subquadrifidus. Corolla polypetala, una

cum calyce persistens. Anthere rotundate. Stigma 3—

4-fidum, Bacca pellucida. Semina 12—20 intra pulpam

nidulantia.

Plante aphylle. Caules cylindracet nune fasciculatim

puosi, obscure articulati. Flores parvt.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

| Rurpsauis grandiflorus ; parce ramosus, ramis suberectis

' subcalamiformibus nudis, spinulis minutissimis soli-

_. tariis regulariter distantiusculis pallidis arcte appressis,

3 floribus numerosis vix uncialibus. Haw.

- Ruursauis grandiflorus. Haw. Suppl. Pl. Succ. p. 83.

‘Haw. Rev. of Suce. Pl. p. 72. ;

Cactus funalis. Salm. Dyck. Index Pl. Suce. in Hort.

Dyck. 1822? Spreng. Syst. Veg.v.2. p.497. |

I have not had the satisfaction of seeing this plant in

flower myself, and my description is, necessarily, taken

m the drawing, aided by Mr. Hawortn’s description,

and a plant without flowers in our Botanic Garden.

_ Probably, like the common R. parasiticus, it is a para-

site upon the trunks of old trees. Its mode of growth is

similar. The stem and branches are, however, much stouter,

Searcely so regularly verticillate, and they have scattered

dots upon them, as well as distantly placed, very minute

4 spinules :

spinules : the extremities of the branches are very obtuse.

he flowers are numerous, especially upon the ultimate

ramuli, sessile, an inch across, and, according to the draw-

ing, the Germen is covered with scales. The lowermost

and shorter of these scales are supposed to constitute the

calyx ; the upper interior ones the corolla; these are much

the longest, and, as Mr. Haworru observes, become sud-

denly longer, linear-oblong ; all of them pale yellow, with

a brownish tinge on the outside: they spread out horizon-

tally, or are even reflexed. Stamens very numerous: Fila-

ments as long as the corolla, white: Anthers roundish,

pale yellow: Style as long as the stamens, terminated by

the four-rayed stigma.

Introduced to the Royal Gardens of Kew, by Messrs.

Bowre and Attan Cunnincuam, the King’s collectors, in

1816. It blossomed there in the early part of the summer

of 1826, when the drawing was made which Mr. Arron has

kindly allowed us to introduce in this place.

The genus Ruipsauis has already been adopted in the

present work, and also by us in the Exotic Flora, as dis-

tinct from Cacrus: but, as we observed in the latter work,

it is better characterized by habit, than by any essential

marks in the fructification. The small number of divisions

in the calyx and corolla, and the fewer stamens, we had

formerly supposed to be useful points of discrimination ;

but, in this plant, we find them to be inconstant. _

N. 2741: :4

am /

Pub. by 8, Curtis Walworth 1 June LP27

— Rer. i. Gutilding del,-—— a> Digest

( 2741, 2742 )

CACTUS COCHINILLIFER. SPINELESS

CocHINEAL Fic,

EER KEKE KER EEE EEE KEEEE

Class and Order.

IcosANpRiA Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—Cacrt, _ Div. Opuntiz. )

Generic Character.

Cal. e squamis numerosis, imbricatis, superus. Pet.

numerosa calyci inserta, interiora majora,. basi. coalita.

Stigma multifidum. Bacea wnbilicata, unilocularis, po-

lysperma. Semina intra pulpam nidulantia.

_ Specific Character and Synonyms. -_

Cactus cochinillifer ; articulis obovatis compressis basi at-

tenuatis inermibus, petalis conniventibus staminibus

brevioribus. Be Py a fore

Cactus cochinillifer.. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 670. Willd. Sp. Pl.

v.2. p. 944. Ait. Hort. Kew, ed. 2.v. 3. p. 179. An-

drews Repository, t. 533. Sprengel Syst. Veg. v. 2. p.

497 (non C. coccinellifer. De Cand. Plantes Grasses.).

Opuntia cochinellifera, Haw. Syn. Pl. Succ. p. 192.

Opuntia maxima, &c. Sloane Hist, Jam. v. 2. p. 152. t. 8.

Ficus indica major levis, &e. Pluken. Alm. p. 146. t. 281.

Tona mitior flore sanguineo cochinellifera. Dull. Elth. p.

ars ®

2 is

Descr. This Cacrus may almost be reckoned arbores-

cent, for it grows to the height of nine feet. The lower

and older parts of the stem and branches are cylindrical, or

but slightly compressed, of a greyish ash colour, and woolly;

the younger branches are every where proliferously jointed,

their joints varying in size, from four to six inches, toa

foot in length, oblong or obovate, more or less attenuated

at the base, all of them much compressed, flattened, of a

deep full-green colour, when young having several scat-

tered, fleshy, curved, subulate leaves, scarcely half an inch

long, which soon fall off, leaving a white scar. There

are no spines. .

The flowers, which are three inches or more long, appear

in the joints at the extremities of the branches, and gene-

rally at or near their superior margins. The base is occu-

pied by the large, fleshy, obovate, truncated, reticulated,

dark-green germen, whose areole constitute an oblong

swelling or tubercle, tipped at the apex by a white scar,

whence small leaf-like processes have fallen, and above

which is a small fascicle of fine hairs or bristles. This has

one cell filled with ovules, attached to a curved seedstalk.

Calyx of many ovate or obovate, very acute, erect, greenish-

red scales, gradually passing into the broader and larger,

obtuse, very closely imbricated, connivent, bright rose-

colored petals. Stamens much protruded, very numerous,

rose-colored, their base sunk into the top of the Germen,

forming a cylindrical mass, united below. Filaments

veryslender. Anthers oblong, pale yellow. Style dilated

- near the base, but again suddenly contracted at the very

base, tapering upwards to the length of the stamens, and

terminated by a cup-shaped sigma, cut into from five to

eight yellow-green rays. After the falling away of the Calyx,

Corolla, Stamens, Pistil, a considerable hollow remains

_ onthe top of the germen, and this latter, scarcely increasing

in size, or altering its form, becomes a Berry of a fine red

colour within and without, having, im the centre, a number

of nearly reniform, compressed seeds, enveloped in pulp.

There are few tribes of plants that require illustration,

by the aid of the pencil, more than the Cacrusgs ; they

cannot be preserved in the Herbarium, nor so easily des-

cribed in words, as many other plants. An idea, too, has

been very generally current, that they are liable to much

variation ; but from what we have ourselves seén of them in

a state of cultivation, we think ourselves warranted in

considering them to be tolerably constant to their character.

With regard, too, to that icular species of Cactus,

which nourishes the Cochineal Insect, much doubt has ex-

isted ; and we believe it must be allowed, that our plant,

which was named by Linnaus, and has been almost uni-

versally called the C.: cochinillifer, is not that which pro-

duces the best Mexican Cochineal ; nor are we prepared to

say,

say, of what part of South America it isa native. Linnaus

speaks of it as indigenous to Jamaica and the warmer parts

of the New world; but Stoanz, who gives a very tolerable

figure of it, says, that the plants he saw, in Mr. Wortey’s

plantation, were brought from the main Continent of Ame-

riea, by a Spanish priest, and affirmed to be the species on

which grew the Cochineal.

We know our present subject to be the true C. cochinillifer

of Linnaus, by his references to various figures, especially

to that of Ditienrus, in the Hortus Elthamensis above

quoted ; and that author considers it may be the same as

the Nocheznopalli or Nopelnochetzli, aguy in Hernanpez ;

except that, in the latter plant, the flowers are spreading,

whilst in our’s, the petals are connivent. He does not say

where it is indigenous. In the Chelsea garden accordin

to Ray, it was cultivated prior to 1688, and was receiv

from Barbadoes.

Ux1oa, not upon his own authority, as it appears, but on

that of well informed travellers, states, that the Cochineal

Cactus has no spines, and a fruit imbued with a deep-red

pulp. This is partly contradicted by Ciavicero, who says,

“in Misteca, where I was for five years, I always saw the

insect upon prickly Nopals. M. de Raynax imagines, that

the colour of the Cochineal is to be ascribed to the red fig

on which it lives; but that author has been misinformed ;

for neither does the Cochineal feed upon the fruit, but only

upon the leaf, which is perfectly green ; nor does that

species of Nopal bear red, but white figs.” It is true, Cra-

vicERo adds, “ it may be reared upon the species with a red

fig ; but that is not the proper plant of the Cochineal.”

De Canpotte, in his beautiful work entitled “ Plantes

Grasses,” has given, as the Cactus Coceinellifer, the C. Tuna

of Linnzus, a plant totally distinct from the Linnean cochi-

nilifer, and whose flower is of a different structure.

uierry de Menonvi..E, who so courageously ponte a

—

. “This circumstance is thus related by Dr. Bancrort, in his valuable

“ Researches on the Philosophy of Permanent Colours.” In the month of

January, 1777, M. Taizrry de Menonviurs left Port au Prince, in St. Do-

mingo, for the purpose of procuring some of the living Cochineal Insects in

Mexico, and bringing them away to be afterwards propagated in the French

West India Islands ; an enterprize, for the expence of which, four thousand

livres had been allotted by the French Government. He proceeded, by the

Havannah, to la Vera Cruz, and was there informed, that the finest Cochineal

Insects were produced at Guaxaca, distant about seventy leagues, Peipeins

the Cochineal Insect and the Cacrus from Guaxaca, and

transported them to St. Domingo, and who unquestionably

had the best means of determining the kinds of Cacrtr, cul-

tivated for the Insect, describes particularly three sorts,

on which it may be reared and cultivated to advantage.

1. The Cactier Nopal ; upon which alone the Cochineal

is reared in Mexico, both the fine and the common Cochineal

(la Cochenille fine et sylvestre) although there are through-

out the country, many other kinds of Cacrus. The two

following, therefore, it is presumed, are employed in St.

Domingo.

2. ‘The Cactier Splendide ; which may be used to equal

mite with the former ; and

3. The Cacrier de Campéche.

Of these, the first, as far as can be determined by de-

scription, for the writer had never seen the flower or fruit,

is the Cacrus Tuna of Linnazus; C. coccinellifer of De

CANDOLLE. _

The second appears from the account to be very similar

‘to the former, but larger in its joints (some of them thirty

inches long), and very glaucous.

The third, the C. de Campéche, is, 1 think, without a

doubt, our C. cochinillifer, for his whole description, and

especially the flowers and fruit, entirely correspond ; and

ill health, he obtained permission to use the baths of the river Magdalena ;

but instead of going thither, he proceeded, through various difficulties and

dangers, as fast as possible, to Guaxaca; where, after making his obser-

vations, and obtaining the requisite information, he affected to believe that

the Cochineal Insects were highly useful in compounding an ointment for

his pretended disorder (the gout), and therefore purchased a quantity of

Nopals, covered with these Insects, of the fine or domestic breed, and putting

them in boxes with other plants, for their better concealment, he found means

to get them away as Botanic trifles, unworthy of notice, notwithstanding the

prohibitions by which the Spanish Government had endeavoured to hinder

their exportation ; and being afterwards driven by a violent storm into the

bay of Campeachey, he there found and added to his collection a living

Cacrus, of a species which was capable of nourishing the fine domesticated

ineal ; after which, departing for St. Domingo, he arrived safe, with his

acquisitions, on the twenty-fifth of September, in the same year, at Port au

Prince. Though almost unaided, M. Tarerry de MeNonviL.e, there perse-

vered in cultivating, not only the fine Cochineal (which he brought from

Mexico) but also the Sylvestre, which he afterwards found wild in St. Do-

mingo, and so successfully, that in 1789, there were more than four thousand

plants in a single Nopalery, the produce having been ascertained by chymists

to be equal in quality to that of Mexico. The political troubles in St Domingo.

consequent upon the French Revolution, caused the total destruction of these

plantations.

sais __dieeeaaaaaanineae

amperes

he says of it, from his own experience, that it may be

usefully employed for rearing the Cocuenitie sylvestre, and

may even support a small quantity of the fine kind.

The celebrated Humgotpr also, although he allows that it

is the plant upon which the Cochineal has often been sent

to Europe, asserts, that our Cactus cochinellifer is not the

individual of the Mexican Nopaleries, which he makes a

new species, under the name of C. Bonplandii ; and he quotes

under it, with a mark of doubt, the Cactus Tuna of Linnzvs.

_ At Rio de Janeiro, when that place was visited by the

Chinese Embassy, under Lord Macarryey, there were con-

siderable plantations of Cacrus, for rearing the Cochineal,

which had some time previously been introduced into Brazil;

and the plant, which is the Cactus Tuna, is represented on

the twelfth plate of the Atlas of that work.

I shall further, upon the subject of the kinds of Cacrus

employed in rearing the Cochineal, only add, that my ex-

cellent friend, the Rev. L. Guitpine, who sent me most

splendid drawings of this particular Cactus, and from which

most of the accompanying figures were executed, wrote

me two years ago from St. Vincent, “I possess a consider-

able nursery of this Cacrus inhabited by thousands of the

true Coccus Cacti; and 1 do not despair of being able to

‘send to the Society of Arts a large quantity of dried insects,

before the termination of the present year.” In the East

Indies also, the Insect has been extensively propagated ;

but we have not had the means of knowing whether suc-

cessfully or otherwise. : ee j

From all this, we think it may be inferred, that, in Mexico

and Brazil, the Cacrus Tuna is the favorite food of the

Cochineal ; and that in the West Indian Islands, where the

C. Tuna is, perhaps, less frequent, the C. cochinillifer is em-

ployed by the natives, and answers the purpose sufficiently

well

Mr. Guizpine, indeed, thinks it probable, that the C. co-

chinilifer was introduced to St. Vincent’s, from Mexico; but.

ahs nee ae led to this supposition, from the generally

prevalent idea, that it is the species, on which the Cochineal

of the Mexicans is reared. ie th

- Like all its congeners, C. cochinilifer increases readily

having the joints stuck into the ground ; and the plant

loves dry and barren spots. If cultivated for the purpose

f rearing the Coccus, it must be defended, at least in the

rainy island of St. Vincent, from storms and winds, by

sheds placed to windward. It there blossoms all the year.

The flowers, from which some of the dissections here given

were drawn, were produced in the stove of the Glasgow

Botanic Garden, in September, 1826.

The Cochineal Insect, which feeds upon the kinds of

Cactus just mentioned, is too well known to need a parti-

cular description here; as are also its valuable properties in

producing the dye, which bears its name, and carmine. It

is the Coccus Cacti of Linnzvus, a small Insect of the order

tera, having a general appearance not very dissi-

milar to that of the Mealbug of our gardens, and equally

covered, with a white powdery substance. The male is

winged. It is originally a native of Mexico, and was culti-

vated for its precious dye, long before the conquest of that

country; and these plantations, called Nopaleros, are most

extensive in the Misteca and Oaxaca: the latter district

alone has exported, according to Humsoxpr, upon the

average, 32,000 arobas annually, estimated at 2,400,000

piastres, above £500,000 sterling.

A representation of a Mexican Nopalery, is given in

Stoane’s Jamaica, vol. 1, t.9, from a drawing, made at

Guaxaca, by an Indian : that author, however, particularly

states, that though the plant be a kind of prickly pear,

it has no thorns. In these small plantations or enclosures,

they cultivate, either the fine sort (Grana fina of the

Spaniards) or the common kind ( Grana sylvestre), which

differ, by the first having a finer quality, and more powdery

covering, ‘whilst the latter, less valuable in its produce,

has a cottony covering,: but whether or not these two

insects be specifically distinct, has not heen determined.

The placmg of the females, when big with young, upon

the Cacrus, is called the sowing. The proprietor of a

Nopalery buys in April or May, the branches or joints

of the Tunas de Castilla (Cactus Tuna ?); which are sold

im the markets of Oaxaca, at about three francs a hundred,

loaded with young Cochineals. ( Semilla). These are kept in

cellars for twenty days, when they are exposed to the air,

suspended under a shed. So rapid then is the growth of the

insect, that by August or September, the females are big with

young, and ready for the sowing, which is done m small

nests, made of the fibrous parts of the foliage ofa Tillandsia,

called Paxtle. In four months from the time of ‘sowing,

the harvest commetices. The insects are brushed off, with

a squirrel’s or deer’s tail, by women, who sit during this

operation, for whole hours, at one Nopal plant ; so that,

were it not for the extreme cheapness of labour in that

country,

andthe Getiiaeammentiillien” ded

country, Humpotpr assures us, that the rearing of Cochi-

neal, would prove an unprofitable employment. After

being gathered, the insects are killed by boiling water ;

or by exposing them in heaps to the sun; or by means of

the vapour baths of the Mexicans (temazcalli) ; and when

dry, they are fit for exportation. By the latter method, the

powdery substance is preserved, which increases the value

of the insects in commerce.

Doctor Bancrorr has estimated the annual consumption

of Cochineal in Great Britain only, at about seven hundred

and fifty bags, or 150,000 tbs., worth £275,000, “ a vast

amount,’’ as the authors of the introduction to Entomol

observe, “ for so small a creature, and well calculated to

shew us the absurdity of despising any animals, on account

of their minuteness.” According to the same writers, the

only kind of Cochineal that has been conveyed to the East

Indies, is the Sylvestre from Brazil ; and the Court of

Directors of the East India Company offered a reward of

£6,000 to any person who should introduce the more valu-

able sort. |

Since our plate and description of this plant were com-

pleted for publication, unfortunately, too late to render that

justice to them which the subject required, we have been

most obligingly favoured by W. T. Arron, Esq. with a

drawing and specimens of the Insects, from the Royal Gar-

dens at Kew; which we have added to our plate. Their

introduction to the Royal Gardens was in the year 1814,

from Martinico, by Mon. Casretneau d’Auros, late super-

intendent of the Botanic Garden on that island.

—_..

Tas. 2741, A. entire plant, much reduced. 3

Tap. 2742, B. f. 1. Section of the Flower, tore wg) p> mg

magnified. 3. Ovule ditto. 4, Ripe Fruit, and 5, Section » an

6, Seed from ditto, natural size. 7. Seed, magnified. 8. Male Cochineal

Insect (Coccus Cacti) natural size. 9. Two of the same, magnified. 10.

Female Insect, natural size. 11. Two of the same, magnified.

( 2743.)

CUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA. LANCE-

LEAVED CUNNINGHAMIA.

: Class and Order.

MonezciA TRIANDRIA.

( Nat. Ord.—Conirere. )

Generic Character.

Cunnincuamia. Br. MSS. non Willd. Rich. Masc. Ament. <

ovatum, squamis. dense imbricatis, unguiculatis, dorso tri-” !

andris, antheris 1-locularibus dependentibus. —Famn. Ament. —

subovatum, squamis imbricatis, extus bracteola adnata mu- —

nitis, intus 3-floris; floribus.inversis. Frucr.:- Strobili —

ovati; bracteole dense imbricate, dure, squamis. majores,

basi pericarpia, tria compressiuscula, subcoriacea, in alam —

brevem a lateribus desinentia. foventes, Embryo cylindri- —

cus, fere longitudine endospermii, 2-cotyledoncus;: el am

donibus obtusis. a

Arbor, foliis solitariis, sparsis, sessilibus;, angusto anceo- Dos

latis, eke et a Ne ou nione 2a cd oe Y

Specific Character tbe Synonyms.

CunnincHaMrA, sinensis.

CuNNINGHAMIA sinensis. |

Smittlin Recs |

Pas Abies. gr Cock, v: 22 pT.

: 1? Baan ae.

amg Phun. Anat. 1 t 191 fh.

eink

(Don A thee, as it en appear, of wibudgsble's size,

lanceolate ex cylindrical brane es-and numerous linear-

ate, +f, caspidele, igi leaves, scattered, astotheirin- —

on, but more. meee paghishons in direction, slightly

| tapering

tapering at the base, sessile, and there obliquely twisted,

acuminate at the upper extremity, the margin finely spi-

nulosely serrate, the upper surface dark, shining green,

with two depressed longitudinal lines, the under very glau-

cous, except on the midrib and at the margin. Male

Catkins at the extremity of the younger branches, sur-

rounded at the base by several green, obtuse, imbricated

scales, themselves formed of a number of triangular, brown,

serrulated, peltate scales, bearing on their lower margin

three or four pendent, oval, one-celled anthers, opening

internally with a longitudinal fissure: Pollen yellow, glo-

bular. The fruit is, according to Ricuarp, an ovate Cone,

whose scales are coriaceous, reddish, somewhat triangular,

shortly unguiculated, the margin minutely toothed, having,

within, the floriferous scale, which is free at the top and

denticulated, immediately beneath which, the three peri-

carps are seen pendent, obovate, compressed, fixed near the

upper extremity, which is truncated, while the base is

emarginate, the margin alate. Albumen formed like the

seed, enclosing a nearly cylindrical dicotyledonous Embryo,

its radicle pointing downwards.

It was our good fortune to have, in the stove of the

Botanic Garden of Glasgow, a plant of the CunnincHAmM1A,

lanceolata bearing its male flower in the winter of 1826—7:

and thus, by the aid of Ricuarn’s figures, for the female

part of the fructification, to offer, we trust, a satisfactory

delineation of this rare plant. It was introduced from

China to the Royal Gardens at Kew, in 1804, and, by Mr.

Arron, kindly giventous. © *

Mr. Lamserr has published a splendid figure of it from

dried DA agape = ae but the male flowers he had never seen,

and only a very young male amentum seems to have been

known to Ricuarp. Mr. Sauissury called the genus Betis,

a name that has been considered too nearly allied to Bexus,

and hence originated that of CunnincHamia, given by Mr.

Brown, to commemorate the merits of Mr. James Cunnine-

HAM, “ an excellent observer in his time, by whom this plant

was discovered ; and in honour of Mr. Attan CunnincHAM,

_ the very deserving Botanist who accompanied Mr. Ox.ey -

in his first expedition into the interior of New South Wales,

and Capt. Kine in all his Voyages of Survey of the Coast of

Fig. 1. Scale of the Male Flower, with three, and fig. 2 ditto, with four

Anthers. 3. Cone. 4. Scale of ditto, with three Seeds. 5. Section of #

Seed, ~All but fig.3 magnified. Fig. 3, 4, and 5 from Richard.

—

‘

;

‘

PO ba

- MP Benwtck. a

( 2744)

DiantTuus CARYOPHYLLUS. VARIETIES OF

PICOTEES.

seokobokeskeakakbookeokeakeskabeobcobcokskeake shake

Class and Order. |

DecanpriA Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—CanryoruyLLez. )

Generic Character. ©

Cal. cylindricus, 1-phyllus: basi squamis 4, Petala 5,

unguiculata. Caps. cylindrica 1-locularis.

Specific Character and Synonyms :

Diantuus Caryophyllus ; caule ramoso, floribus solitariis,

-squamis calycinis brevissimis ovatis submucronatis,

petalis latissimis imberbibus, foliis lineari-subulatis

canaliculatis glaucis. D.C.

(a.) flore simplici. Hngl. Bot. t. 214.

(8.) flore pleno. Sime ff

petalis fulvis, apice plumbeo-maculatis. Close-House

. Carnation, fo 1. NU I

petalis lurido-purpureis. Mrs, Bewicke’s Carnation,

Mrs. Bewicxe, of Close-House, Northumberland, hay-

ing imported a considerable number of rare Carnations

from Brussels, was kind enough to send us drawings

of a variety of them, from which we have selected the two

given in the annexed plate, as the most unlike any that

we have hitherto seen. af

If we occasionally trespass on the department of the

Florist, we hope our readers will excuse us. In this in-

Stance, the singular display of unusual colours amongst

Picotees tempted us to select those here represented from a

number of others. £ :

The Picotee is a term, used amongst Florists, for those

: varieties

varieties of the Carnation which have their colours like a

fringe round each petal, instead of distinct stripes running

through from the apex to the base: they are of more mo-

dern culture than the Carnation; and as regards those

with yellow grounds, are more tender, almost requiring a

greenhouse treatment during the winter. Their introduc-

tion to this country was from Italy ; but whether the pro-

duce of that country, or from whence originally obtained,

Florists do not seem to know. Their excellence consists in

strongly marked colours on a white or yellow ground; and

if several colours unite in the same flower the better ; itis

also a perfection to obtain them rose-leayed ; i. e. free from

the jagged edging of the petals.

he singular colours of those introduced by Mrs. Bew-

IckE forms a new feature and object of pursuit for the

Florist ; they were obtained with some difficulty by her

from Brussels, where they were considered rare, and flow-

ered with her, at Close-House, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, in -

the summer of 1826. Her gardener treated them exactly in

the same manner as the other Carnations in pots, and kept

them in the open air. A rich compost of rotten manure

and good loam, well mixed by turning it two or three times

in the winter, for spring potting, is the best for all kinds of

Carnations. C.

J ( 2745 )

‘CAMELLIA JAPONICA, flore simplici, albo.

SINGLE WHITE-FLOWERED. CAMELLIA,

or J APAN-ROSE.

Class and Obie. 7

> ~~ MonaveLrnia PoLyAnpDRIA.

( Nat, Ord.—Cametiiex. =B-C. }

Cal. imbricatus. Stam. basi polyadelpha aut monadel-

pha. Anthere ellipsoidee. Capsula valvis medio septi-

feris, axim triquetrum liberum post dehiscentiam relin-

quentibus.” D. C.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Came. japonica ; foliis ovatis acuminatis acute serratis,

floribus terminalibus subsolitariis. D. C.

Var. Flore albo simplici. S$. Curtis, Monogr. of Camel-

ha cum Ie. Bot. Reg. t. 353.

Descr. The single white Camexuia possesses the same

claims to our admiration, as so many of the other varieties

of the species, which promises to be as sportive, when raised

from seed, as the Roses themselves. The Plant in ques-

tion is supposed to be the produce of seed from the striped

Camexuia, and raised by Mr. Rotxinson, of Tooting.

Our readers are referred to Mr. Samuet Curtis’s work

above quoted, for the most splendid figures of the different

varieties of Camexuia, and fora detailed history of them,

with an account of their mode of treatment. That author

justly remarks, “ that they possess good natural constitu~

tions to bear the variety of treatment they meet with ; for

they are obliged to submit to all temperatures, from that

of the open air, to the heat of the Pine stove. As to

soil they grow best in about one-third of good bog earth,

and two-thirds of rich sandy loam.” %

It was our tention, in order to complete the Botanical

character of the genus, to have added to the accompanying

late, figures of the fruit and seed, which are exceedingly

fiosckintlind and, of which, we know not that a good repre-

sentation has been given. For this purpose we are in

possession of a beautiful drawing, recently made, by Miss

C. Curtis ; but each of the two fruits (of the Warartan

CameEt1i,) being as large as a moderate sized apricot, they

will, together with the seeds, occupy more space than

we can here afford; and as we are in expectation of soon

figuring two new kinds of Camexii, from Mrs. Pater of

Bromley (one supposed to be the finest sort yet known,

var. Rawesiana), we shall take that opportunity of intro-

ducing the fruit.

Fig. 1. Portion of the Stamens, shewing how they are united at the base.

2. Front view of a Stamen. 3. Back view of ditto. 4. Pistil. 5. Section of

the Germen,—All more or less magnified.

——— “Tite cee

Pub. by § Curtis Walworth June il Jé27

— PIE det

( 2746 ) VW

‘ rf

PLEUROTHALLIS FOLIOSA. LEAFY FRAGRANT

PLEUROTHALLIS.

Fi . % ar

# i ip meen bd, 4

Class and Order. — 4

GynanpriA Monanpria. |

( Nat. Ord.—Orcuiwez. Div. IV. Anthera terminalis mo-

bilis decidua; Masse pollinis demum cereacee. Br. )

Generic Character. ; ~

Labellum articulatim connexum-cum basi simplici vel

brevissime producta columnz. Petala 2 antica exteriorum

inferne connata. Masse pollinis 2, exsulee. Br.

‘ Specific Character. __

_ Prevrotnatus foliosa ; bulbo oblongo compresso basi

~ apiceque folioso, scapis multifloris, petalis angusto-

~. Janceolatis patentissimis, labello ovato reflexo basi

~. longitudinaliter bituberculato membranisque duabus

Descr. Parasitic. Roots thick, fleshy, whitish, mostly

_ simple. Bulb about four inches long, oblong, compressed,

obscurely striated, green, having a few distichous, sheathing

leaves at the base, and two linear-lanceolate acute ones at

the top, of a coriaceous, rather than membranaceous tex-

_ ture. Scapes two, springing from within the radical leaves,

~-one on each side the narrow edge of the bulb ; 6—8 inches

_ long, nearly erect, compressed, having several sheathing

: scales, which pass upwards into membranous, lanceolate

_ bractee, as long as the germen. Flowers numerous,

yellow, very fragrant. Petals spreading horizontally, lan-

ceolate, acute, waved, the two lower ones united at the

: Lip standimg forward, ovate, acute,

entire, its upper half reflexed ; its lower, furnished with two

rie fj \ “©. longitudinal

“ um

ee #

—.

. F “ ™

ao # © ?

- ss es 2A.

J :

* =

fi £

longitudinal tubercles, which, at the very base, rise into

two erect membranes, embracing the lower part of the

column. Column about half as long as the petals, semi-

terete, yellow, with a bright-red mark below the stigma.

The Anther-cases had all fallen from our plant. Pollen

Masses obovate, waxy, with a depression at the back,

fixed to a linear, white footstalk, having a reddish gland at

the base. Germen linear, clavate, not twisted.

Communicated from the Dublin College Botanic Garden,

by J. T. Mackay, Esq. who received it, in 1825, from

Brazil. It flowered in the month of February (1827), and

yields so delightful a fragrance (resembling, as it appears to

us, that of the Cowslip), as to be well worthy of cultivation

in every stove. The whitish, membranous bractee remain

after the flowers have fallen, and give a singular appear-

ance to the-old scapes.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Lip. 3. Flower from which the Lip has been re-

moved. 4, Superior side of a Pollen Mass. 5, Inferior ditto.—All more

or less magnified.

( 2747 )

ACACIA MUCRONATA. Mucronatrep ACACIA.

KEE KEKE EEE EEE EK EEKE

Class and Order.

Potyeamia Monaccra.

( Nat. Ord.—Leceuminos«. )

Generic Character.

Flores polygami. Cal. 4—5-dentatus. Petala 4—5,

nunc libera, nunc in corollam, 4—5-fidam coalita. Stam.

numero varia, 1O—200. Legumen continuum. De Cand.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Acacia mucronata; petiolis lineari-spathulatis apice ob-

tusis oblique mucronatis subtrinerviis integerrimis

glabris, spicis axillaribus solitariis vel binis, calyce

brevi corollaque quadrifidis.

Acacia mucronata. ‘“ Willd. Enum. Suppl. p. 68.” Wend-

land, Diss. de Ac. Aph. p. 46. t. 12. De Cand. Prodr.

v. 2. p. 454. Spreng. Syst. Veget.v. 3. p. 136.

Descr. A twiggy shrub, which, in our collection, has_

reached to the height of four or five feet, with very nume-

Yous branches, the older ones brown, the rest greenish.

Leafstalk:s alternate, entirely glabrous, 2—4 inches long,

linear-spathulate, slightly falcate, much attenuated at the

base, the extremity obtuse, furnished with a short oblique

mucro: the margins every where entire, the surface three-

nerved, the two lateral nerves the most obsolete, all connect-

ed by lesser oblique nerves or veins. Spikes of flowers an

meh or more long, one, or frequently two from the axils of

the leaves. Calyx very short and small, four-toothed,

yellowish-green, subtended by a minute bractea. Corolla

deeply four-cleft (or of four equal, ovate petals united at

the base) yellow. Stamens very numerous, united at the

base. Filaments very delicate, flexuose, longer than the

“orolla, pale yellow: Anthers small, roundish, deep yellow.

Pistil often present in the same flower with the stamens.

Germen ovate, pubescent. Style long, curved, filiform,

glabrous, as well as the simple style.

Acacia mucronata appears to have been first described by

Wiupenow in his Enumeratio: and Wenptanp has given

a good figure of it in his useful Commentatio de Acaciis

Aphylilis.

Our plant, in the Glasgow Royal Botanic Garden, was

raised from seeds, sent some years ago to Mr. Murray, by

Mr. Fraser, from New Holland. It flowers during the

early Spring months.

Fig. 1. Calyx and Corolla. 2. Stamens. 3. Pistil. 4, Leaf—More or

less magnified.

yy v YU, »

Watworth, Tufy.

(ES,

Pub by J” Cnr

~ WSAdel* -

( 2748 )

ZYGOPETALON Mackatr. Mr. Mackay’s

Z.YGOPETALON. |

Class and Order.

( Nat. Ord.—Orcuipex. Div. IV. Anthera terminalis mo-

bilis decidua ; Masse pollinis demum cereacee. Br.)

Generic Character.

Petala xqualia, subsecunda, erecto-patentia, basi con-

nata. Labellum explanatum apice emarginatum, disco

tuberculo magno; basi inferiore obtuse calcarato ; Colum-

na aptera. Anthera ovata, compressa, calceiforme, disco

subtus affixa: loculis duobus subbivalvibus. Masse pol-

linis due, ad basin ineequaliter bilobe, basi glandulose.

Specific Character.

Zyeoretaton Mackaii.

a large convex, somewhat, horse-shoe shaped, fleshy éwber-

cle; and the base itself, articulated upon the base of the

column, runs down into an obtuse whitish spur. Column

semiterete, about half as long as the petals, yellow-green,

marked with lines and spots of purple. Stigma convex.

Anther terminal, ovate, yellowish-white, remarkably com-

pressed, almost exactly slipper-shaped, and fixed by a

minute point, near the centre of the disc below, within two

celled, cells sub-two-valved. Pollen masses, two, large,

ellow, with each of them a small lobe or pollen mass

hind ; so that they might be said to be four; and these

fixed to a large reddish giand. Germen linear, clavate,

green, not twisted. =

This was received in February, 1827, along with the

Fragrant PLEUROTHALLIs, given in the preceding number,

from Mr. Mackay, of the Dublin College Botanic Garden,

and was by him imported from Brazil. It is a plant of

great beauty, and may be numbered amongst the most

shewy of the highly interesting family of Orchideous plants.

It is so unlike in the structure of its flower to any describ-

ed plant, that I have no hesitation, in constituting of it a

new genus. Besides the union of the five petals at the

base (whence I have derived the generic appellation), the

Anther will be found to be of a curious structure. Even

when viewed from the under side, the pollen masses are

concealed partly by the peculiar form of the Anther-case

itself, and partly by the smgular nature of the cells.

The noble specimen here figured was cultivated in the

stove, in peat earth. —

Fig. 1. Back view of an Anther removed from the top of the column at

f.2. 3. Under side of the Anther, including the Pollen Masses, 4. Ditto from

which the Pollen Masses are removed. 5, Back view of the Pollen Masses.

6. Under side of ditto —All magnified.

= W7i-det* —

Pub by. 8.Curtis Walworth Jatv. £1827,

( 2749, 2750 )

CARYOPHYLLUS AROMATICUS. CLOVE SPICE.

Class and Order.

Icosanpr1a Monoeynia. :

( Nat. Ord.—Myrracez. )

Generic Character.

Cal. 4-partitus superus, persistens. Pet. 4. Germen

oblongo-cylindraceum, biloculare, ovulis plurimis. Stylus

subulatus, glandula elevata quadrangulari cinctus. Bacca

elliptica, (abortione) monosperma. Cotyledones crasse.

Specific Name dea Synonyms.

Caryopuyiius aromaticus. 164

Caryoruyiius aromatious. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 735. Gert.

de Fruct. v.1. p. 167. ¢. 33. Lam. Dict. v. 2. p.718.

Ilustr. t. 417. Smith in Rees Cycl. Pers. Syn. Pl.

v. 2. p. 30. Fadl : *

Eneenta caryophyllata. “Thunb. Diss. de Caryoph. arom.

p- 1.) Willd. Sp. Pl. v.2.p.965. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed.

ae 2. v. 3. p. 188. “ Syet. V ‘ ."s

-Myrrus Caryophyllus. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 2. p. 485.

: Cninabieibon:: ump Herb. Amb. v. 2. p. 1. t.1. 2. 3.

Caryorny.ivs aromaticus, &c. Clusius Exot. p. 15. et Ic.

- p.16. Pluk. Alm. p. 88. t. 155. f.1. “2 ;

LeGeroriz. Sonnerat Voy. dla Nouv. Guin. p. 196. ¢. 119.

Le raux Gerorte. Sonnerat Voy. é la Nouv. Guin. p. 197.

_ _Descr. A moderately sized Tree, whose outline or cir-

_ cumscription is somewhat conical or pyramidal, bearing

_ humerous opposite branches which are more or less virgate.

Whole plant every where glabrous. Leaves opposite and

_ Gecussate, persistent, somewhat coriaceous and shining,

~ - Tanutely punctated, about four inches long, eee

er “f sf) Cazes ate,

late, more or less acute, quite entire, pale beneath, tapering

gradually at the base into a slender footstalk, which is

almost two incheslong. Panicles short, terminal, of many

flowers, and always trichotomously divided, jointed at

every division. Peduncles terete, green. Calyx of four

ovate, concave segments, erecto-patent, placed upon the

top of the germen, and together with it, is first green and

then red, coriaceous. Petals four, larger than the calyx,

imbricated into a globe in bud, at length spreading,

roundish, concave, yellowish-red, very soon caducous. In

the centre of the calyx, and occupying the top of the germen,

is a quadrangular elevated line or gland, surrounding, but

not embracing the base of the shortish, obtusely subulate

Style. Around this gland, immediately within the petals,

the Stamens are inserted; but, as their insertion does not

extend to the angles of the gland, they appear to be collect-

ed into four bundles, numerous. Filaments much longer

than the petals, yellow. Anthers ovato-cordate, yellow,

two-celled. Germen oblong, or almost cylindrical, having,

in the upper part, two-celled, with many small ovules in-

each cell, attached to the sides ofthe dissepiment. Ali these

become abortive ; or one proves fertile, and by its great

enlargement, destroys the appearance of the rest of the

lang and of the second cell ; so that the fruit which forms

a rather large elliptical purple berry is only one-seeded :

this is of the same ape - the berry; its i rel ent thin,

and of a soft texture. Embryo likewise elliptical, large,

greenish, fleshy, dotted. Cotyledons unequal, sinuose ; the

larger one partly enveloping the smaller, including the

superior radicle. ”

Almost every part of the plant is covered with minute

dots or glands, which contain the essential oil, that gives

the aromatic odour to it. These abound, particularly in

the interior of the subtance of the germen, near the epi-

dermis.

The Clove was introduced into the Royal Gardens at

Kew, in 1797, by the Right Honourable Sir Joserpn Banxs.

Its native country is the Molluccas ; but from its value as

a spice, its cultivation has extended to the West, as well as

to the East Indies; and we must endeavour to lay before

our readers some details respecting a plant, of such import-

ance, that it was once the staple commodity of some of the

East India Islands, particularly Amboyna.

It is not easy to determine when the Clove was first

known to Europeans. J. Bavuurn tells us, that the —_

tan

(Eres ana oe.

ee Np

N. 2750.

ge ae"

July, 2.1827

S Curtis. Walwerth

Puh. by,

tants of the Molluccas were scarcely acquainted with its

value, till some Chinese vessels visited their country, and

transported many plants into China, and that they were

thus the means of distributing them into other districts of

India, into Persia, and Arabia. Sir James Smrra (in Rexs’s

Cyclopedia) suspects, that it was brought into Greece from

Arabia, and that the first distinct mention of it is made by

Pautus Qernera, a Greek physician of the seventh century,

when it was used in food and in medicine ; and the same

author supposes it was the Carunrex of Seraprron, and the

CuarumFe bellum of Avicenna, two Arabian physicians.

The Molucca Isles were discovered by the Portuguese in

1511; and from that time, or very soon after, it may be

imagined, the Cloves came into common use in Europe.

But the Dutch, after driving the Portuguese from the Spice

Islands, strove to take the monopoly of all the spices

into their own hands; and, for this purpose, after vainly

endeavouring to destroy the Cloves in the neighbouring

islands, they concentrated their cultivation in Amboyna

and a few smaller islands in the vicinity, where, indeed,

they had been introduced, even before the conquest of the

Portuguese, by the Cerammers of Cambello, who brought

some mother-cloves (seed) secretly in hollow bamboos—

Machian. The conduct of the Dutch, in all that con-

; their trade in the East Indies, has fixed an sr gm ;

disgrace u eir country. When the natives of Cam-

bello shewed their corner one the Dutch, the trees of

Cloves they had cultivated secretly for so many years,

behind the hill of Massili, they were rewarded for their

openness by the destruction of all their Clove trees, and the

deprivation of the fruits of their industry and exertion. And

when the natives came to make reprisals, by attacking

the forts of the Dutch, such enmity, on their part, is called

by their European tyrants, a wicked spirit of disobedience,

and an unjust and cruel lust of blood and warfare : so that

their great historian Vatentvn has said, “ it would have been

better, if, instead of extirpating their trees alone, we had, at

e same time, exterminated this revengeful and sanguinary

nation*.’’ 5

A military Officer, a civil servant belonging to the Dutch,

with European attendants, and twenty or thirty Buggness

soldiers,

* See Sravorrnvs’s Travels for a most valuable account of the Dutch

trade and possessions in the East Indies.

soldiers, are sent to the other islands annually, with axes,

to destroy the Clove trees : thus, as the Abbé Raynar ob-

serves, maintaining a perpetual struggle with the liberality of

nature. In the Molucca Islands, having subdued the princes

by force of arms, they made conditions with them, princi-

pally with reference to the Clove trade ; compelling them,

at first, not to sell any of the Cloves, produced in their

respective dominions, to any other nation, and afterwards

to destroy all the Clove trees which grew in their territories,

for which they were to receive indemnity in money. Thus

did they, for a time, keep exclusive possession of this trade,

and were enabled, at pleasure, to raise and Jower the price ;

committing to the flames such overstock spice, as they could

not sell on their own terms.

They also reduced the quantity of bearing trees in their

own ion, to five hundred thousand Cloves ; which

yield, upon the av e, at least a million of pounds per

annum. One of the largest sales ever made in Holland,

was (in 1714) 435,427 Ibs. ; but in, 1758, 200,000 tbs., in

1778, 234,271 tbs., and in 1738, 400,000 tbs.; whilst in the

Indies, about 150,000 lbs. or 200,000 lbs. according to the

English Editor of Sravorinus’s travels, were disposed of ; 80

that a great superfluity must still always have remained in

the hands of the monopolizers.

A better state of thigs now exists, and the Clove is cul-

tivated wherever human industry has carried it to.a suitable

soil and climate ; and numerous other countries possess this

yrecious vegetable. The French introduced it to their

islands of Mauritius and Bourbon, through the medium of

M. Porvre their intendant of those islands, who sent two

vessels in 1769, to the kings of Gueby and Patany; to pro-

cure the Clove and other valuable spices ; and they have

been found to succeed so well, that in the year 1802, when

Mr. Bory pe Sr. Vincent was in the Mauritius, he visited

the individual tree which was first planted by the philan-

thropist Porvre; saw it loaded with Cloves; and ascertained

_ that it had, in some years, alone produced the extraordinary

quantity of 125 lbs. of this spice : whereas, the average

Siero in Amboyna, is 2 or 2}. lbs. perannum. It requires

five thousand Cloves to weigh a pound ; consequently, here

were 625,000 flowers upon this single tree (independent

of others, which were, perhaps, left for seed); ‘‘a fact,” sayS

Bory ve Sr. Vincent, “ which would appear incredible,

were we not to mention, that this beautiful tree is at least

forty feet high, throwing out innumerable branches, 5”

Sarge o

of which, fallmg down on all sides, form a pyramid of ver-

dure’. In 1791, M. Huserr, the proprietor of the original

Spice estate, of the former intendant, M. Poivrr, gave a

Jéte champétre there in honour of the extended cultivation

of the spice trees ; whilst the festivals, annually held by the

Dutch in Amboyna, were instituted in commemoration of

their destruction in all the surrounding islands. ;

Another French gentleman, M. Céré, sent plants from

the Mauritius to Cayenne, about the year 1779; and, in

1792, the plantations there contained 2500 trees, which

bore Cloves equal to those of the East Indies, and which

fetched a higher price in France, than those from the Mo-

luccas. Others were sent to Martinique, and the French

West India Islands; so that the former furnished the

London market, in 1797, with 350 lbs., and in the following

year with 200 lbs.; at which time St. Kitts sent 2981 Ibs...

From Martinique, the Clove tree was introduced to our

Island of St. Vincent ;. and by the great care and attention

of Dr. Anperson, the superintendent of the Botanic Garden,

it is brought to perfection*. ‘ About April,” says Mr.

Guitpine, in his notes which accompanied his beautiful

drawings of this plant, “the tree is covered with its lovely

blossoms, the greater part of which, prove abortive, and

falling to the ground, are collected, and dried for sale.

The Berries which remain on the tree, gradually enlarge

their calyx and develop the seed, and are gathered under

the trees about July, having turned to a blackish purple,

and lost all their value as a spice. The seeds require to

set out immediately and planted near the surface, as they

vegetate rapidly. The young plants are tender, and should

be placed if possible, where it is intended they should remain.

The Clove was once cultivated to a great extent in Domi-

Nique : in our own island, the trees which are little valued,

produce annually upwards of a million of seed, besides the

abortive fruit, which is dried as a spice. The colonists,

Supposing from our overgrown. trade in India, that it can

Never become an article of commerce, neglect even to

plant the Clove in their hedges ; although it, as wellas the

Cinnamon and many other plants, which any overwhelm-

ing change in our Eastern possessions might render in-

Valuable, would grow without any expence.” 7 -

_—_—

- Wee the history of its introduction, and of its culture, by Dr. ANDERSON,

in the Rey. Lanspown Guiipine's “ account of the Botanic Garden in the

Island of St Vincent.”

In Trinidad too, the Clove is extensively cultivated ; and

it cannot be doubted, but that with the present enlightened

and truly scientific governor, Sir Ratpn Wooprorp, it will

there, if it can in any of our West India possessions, be

rendered a profitable article of commerce. I have received

from a French gentleman of that island, M. Brearrer,

several of the Berries or Matrices (mother cloves) as they

are called, for our Botanic Garden ; but, as has just been

observed by Mr. Guitpine, they must be planted as soon

as gathered, or the essential oil escapes, which, perhaps,

nourishes the Embryo, and-its vegetative property is de-

stroyed.

The Clove of merchandize is the unexpanded flower ; the

corolla forming a ball or sphere on the top, between the

teeth of the calyx ; thus, with the narrow base or germen

tapering downwards, giving the appearance of a nail; a

similarity, indeed, much more striking in the dry, than in

the fresh state of the bud. Hence, as Sir James informs

us, “ the Dutch call it Naghel ; the Spaniards, Clavo ; the

Italians, Chiodo ; and the French, Clou, from which the

English Clove is evidently derived.” The uses of Cloves

are sufficiently known, particularly in domestic economy,

as a Seasoning in various dishes, and to give flavor to wines

and spirits. In medicine, they are esteemed tonic and ex-

hilirating, powerfully stimulating on the muscular fibres,

but dangerous to bilious persons, and those of a sanguine

temperament. These properties, their acrid and burning —

taste, -on the essential oil, which is procured by

distillation, and is hot and caustic, and therefore employed in

the curing of the tooth ache and other maladies, and by

perfumers.

The Cloves are gathered by the hand; or beaten with

reeds, so as to fall upon cloths placed under the tree ; and

dried by fire, or, what is better, in the Sun. The fully-

formed Berries are preserved in sugar, and eaten after

dinner to promote digestion.

Tas. 2740, A. Flowering Branch of Caryopnyiivs aromaticus.

Tas. 2750, B. f. 1. Vertical Section of a Flower. 2. Front view of the top

of the Germen, seen within the Calyx. 3. Inner view of a Petal, 4, Outer

view of ditto. 5, Front view, and 6, Back view of a Stamen. 7. Section, of

the Germen, magnified. 8. Cluster of Fruits, natural size. 9. Section of @

Berry, made transyersely above the middle. 10. Vertical Section. 11.The

Embryo. 12. Embryo, with the Cotyledons laid open.—Magnified.

— WIE del? —

_— Swanse.—

: Pub, by §. Curtis, Walworth. July 2.189%.

( 2751, 2752).

TELFAIRIA PEDATA. PEDATE TELrArRia.

Class and Order. ‘3

Dixcia Penranpria. ©

( Nat. Ord.—Cucursrracea. Juss. Nuanpironea. Aug.

St. Hil. )

Generic Character.

Texramra. Hook. Masc. Cal. campanulatus, profunde

quinquefidus. Petala 5, fimbriata. Stam. 5, lobis anthere

distinctis.

_ Fam. Cal. superus, minimus, 5-dentatus. Petala 5,

fimbriata. Germencylindraceum sulcatum. Stylus brevis.

Stigma quinquelobum. Fructus: Bacca maxima oblonga,

profunde sulcata, quinque—6-locularis, loculis pulpo reple-

tis. Semina magna orbiculari-compressa tuberculata, tu-

nica coriacea, e vasis reticulatis, tecta, seriatim disposita,

horizontalia. of ROPES

Specific Name and Synonyms.

Tetrareia pedata. ;

Preuitiea pedata. Smith in Botanical Magazine, Old

_ Series. t. 2681. (fcem.) dak:

Jourrea africana. Bojer MSS.

‘Descr. After the excellent figure and description of the

female of this plant, given in a former number of the

present work, I need only confine myself to an account of

the Male flowers and of the fruit, im order to render our

: description complete, of this highly interesting vegetable ;

and this I am able to do, from having received from Mr.

Tetrarr, dried specimens of the flower; a fully formed, but

Scarcely ripe fruit, in spirits ; several ripe seeds ; and a beau-

Uful series of drawings, from the pencil of Mrs. Texrarr.

hese drawings were all made in 1826, from plants, culti-

vated at Bois Chery, one of Mr. Texrarr’s estates in the

Mauritius. Na . ae

The female flowers are produced solitary, as figured and

described, at t. 2681. The male, on the other hand, pro-

duces, upon an axillary peduncle (between the point of

insertion of the lateral tendril and the leaf,) of six or

eight inches in length, a receme of six or eight large flowers,

each upon a pedicle, often bracteated, an inch or more

long. Here, too, the Calyx is large, campanulate, downy,

nerved, cut into five deep ovate or ovato-lanceolate, very

deeply inciso-serrate segments, almost half as long as the

flower. Corolla of five petals, very similar, as far as I can

judge from the dried specimens, and from the drawing, to

those of the female. Stamens five, and (apparently) dis-

tinct; but I am not able to determine clearly that point,

nor that of their exact insertion. Filaments cuneate, taper-

ing downwards ; the broad upper part separates the two

linear oblong cells of the ‘anther, which open with a longi-

tudinal fissure, and, as well as the pollen, are yellow.

The fruit constitutes an enormous Berry or Pepo, from

one and a half, to three feet in length, and often eight

inches across, oblong, always green, having from ten to

twelve deep furrows, the prominences rounded, the bottoms

of the furrows rough, with minute elevated points, as is

the concave part where the stalk is inserted: the apex is

acute, or shortly acuminated, and near the base is a con-

traction ; so that the very base forms a dilated, furrowed

apophysis. There are five cells, each cell filled with a

dense fleshy pulp, in which the seeds are imbedded hori-

zontally in a longitudinal series. Each seed is the size of

that of a very large kidney bean, between orbicular and

cordate, much compressed, even a little concave on one

side, and firmly enclosed in a beautiful, yellowish-brown,

but tough and almost coriaceous, reticulated mass of ves-

sels quite distinct from the seed itself, whose integument is

hard and thick, yellow-brown, on both sides marked near

the margin with an elevated line, and in the disc, or

centre, it is prettily embossed with many serpentine lines.

Although the outside of this be brownish, the inside (or

that next the almond) is a deep and almost bright yellow;

and the intermediate part is arfine black. The whole in-

ternal cavity is occupied by the Embryo, except a thin

nembranaceous, brownish covering, adhering to it, which,

perhaps, may be considered as Albumen. Cotyledons two,

of the same shape as the seed, pure white, fleshy, and

ther oily. Radicle inferior, small, conical.

The genus Feuinzza of Linnaus, was instituted by

PrLuMiER

tt POU

Ei. de:

Pub bp $.Certis, Walworth

’, L827.

Piumier, under the name of Nuanpiroga, and figured by

the latter author, but in so imperfect a manner, that, with the

incomplete materials of our plant, possessed by Sir James

Smiru, it is not surprising he should have referred it to

Fevittza. A much more satisfactory representation of a

Fruita, and probably too, the very same species as the

F. cordifolia of Linn. (and Prom. Ic. t. 209.) is given in

the “« Nouveau Dict. d’Hist. Nat.”; and now, being in pos-

session of the male, as well as female flowers, and the

perfect fruit, I have no hesitation in pronouncing it quite

distinct from Frvitiaa, as well as from every other of the

family, to which it belongs; and it is no less my own wish,

than that of Mr. Barciay, that it should bear the name of

our mutual and excellent friend, through whose means it

has been introduced to this country, Cuartes Tenrair, Esq.

of the Mauritius.

I need only give the generic character of Frurima, as

laid down in the Nouv. Dict. v. 16. p. 500, to shew how

the two genera differ. Flowers dicecious: Mate, witha

campanulate calyx, 5-cleft, monopetalous, rotate, five-lobed

corolla, closed with a double star, five fertile stamens, and

as many sterile ones: Frmaxe, Cal. and Cor. as in the

male. Germen half inferior, surmounted by five styles,

-andas many stigmas. Fruit, a large, spherical, three-celled,

many-seeded Berry, envelloped in a hard bark. Both the

ovules and the seeds are erect, and all the species are natives

of South America.

‘The first information I had of this present plant was

from Mr. Texrair, who sent me, in the latter end of the

year 1825, asketch of the fruit with the following note.

“| most earnestly hope, that Bury Hill will have the honour

of flowering the seed I have sent, of an extraordinary climb-

ing plant, which is hitherto nameless. It was brought here

(to the Mauritius) from Pemba, near the shores of Zan-

zibar, on the eastern coast of Africa, by Mr. Boser, and

is dicecious. The fruit is three feet long, and eight or ten

inches in diameter, full of seeds as large as Chesnuts (two

hundred and sixty-four in one fruit) which are as excellent

as almonds, and have a very agreeable flavour ; and when

pressed, they yield an abundance of oil, equal to that of

the finest Olives. It is a perennial plant, and grows at the

margins of the forests; enveloping the trees with its

branches; while its trunk is frequently seen with a cireum-

ference of eighteen inches. I have distributed the seeds

over this island and Bourbon, and have sent some to New

£ Sy Holland

Holland, and even to Otaheite and New Zealand, to the

Missionaries. Mr. Boser has made a sketch of the fruit

which I have attached to this letter. The seeds that I

planted here, have produced stems which are thirty feet

high, and they were put into the ground at the same time I

sent the first seeds to Mr. Barctay.”

Mr. Barctay’s plants flowered, as well as Mr. Trtratr’s,

in 1826; and one of them has flourished to such a degree,

that, by this time, it would more than have filled a large

stove at Bury Hill, were not the pruning knife constantly

employed. A plant, therefore, so easy of cultivation, must

soon become common in climates, that are at all favorable

to its growth : and, thus will Mr. Tztraie have the honour

of giving a most useful vegetable to mankind at large, as

well as a name to a new dant very beautiful plant*.

* Since the above was printed, and too late to be inserted, M. Boser has

obligingly sent to me an ample description, which he made, of this plant, from

the living plant at Zanzibar: this goes to confirm the opinion, of the plant

constituting a new genus, which he himself has called Joxirrea africana, in

his own MSS. [I trust he will still further concur with us in dedicating it to

his patron and friend, Mr. Te.rarr. Its name among the Indians of Zanzi-

bar is Koumé.

notte ean nara

Tas. 2751. A. f. 1. Raceme of Male Flowers, natural size. 2. A Fruit,

se, sage |

Tas. 2752, B. f. 1. Transverse Section of the Fruit. 2. Longitudinal Sec-

tion of ditto, much reduced. 3. Seed with its vascular envelope. 4. Seed

deprived of its envelope. 5. Section to shew the different colours of the

Integument and the Cotyledons, Embryo, and Radicle. 6. Embryo taken

from the Seed, and with its immediate membranous covering removed.—

Natural size. :

——~ Well dal? —

Pub by §. Curtis, Walworth. July. 1. 7887.

— swande —

( 2753 )

SIDA PULCHELLA. DELICATE WHITE-

FLOWERED Sia, |

sieleiiiaihiiiaianiaiaiatall

Class and Order. :

MonapeLpHia Ponvanoara.

( Nat. Ord—Manvacea. D. C. )

Generic Character.

Calyx nudus, 5-fidus, sepe angulatus. Stylus apice

multifidus. Tei 5—30 circa axim verticillata, plus

minusve inter se coalite, 1 laclarees mono aut polysper-

me, apice mutica aut aristate. D.C

Specific Chayader and Synonyms.

Siva pulchella ; toto pubescenti-stellata, i foliis. cone

ovato-lanceolatis. grosse inaequaliter crenatis subtus

tomentosis, racemis axillaribus paucifloris petiolo bre-

as ave (longioribus. D.C.), capsulis 5 (biaristatis.

Sipa soa alg « Bonpl. Nav. t.2.” Willd. Enum. p.72A.

De. Cand. Prodr.v. 1. p. 468.

Sia ramosa. (Soreme: yet, Vegel. v3. P. 115?

; — 3

Dilsosi: Mhnefiby, Maite Silk foct high, branched - the

branches rounded, the older ones glabrous, the rest, and,

indeed, almost the entire plant clothed with densely

ubescence *. Leaves rather remote, cat ~ ge

2 date at the base, ovato-lanceolate, doubly

ong deeply. cordate a :, a ay eeo). ak

and te at th

coarsely crenate at the mar Seas, copedally

green above, paler and almost tot

m the older ea wes @ 15 terete, slender, an eres eer

—_—.,

* T have Aebira the stems and leaves to become quite glabrous, when the

Plant has been cultivated in the open border.

half to two inches long, having two linear or almost seta-

ceous stipules at the base. Racemes few flowered, from

two to three on a peduncle, having one or two rather large

stellato-pubescent bractee, and a smaller glabrous one at

the base of each pedicel. Calyx (as well as the peduncle

and pedicels) glabrous, smooth, subcampanulate, quinque-

fid, the segments subulate, erecto-patent. Petals five, pure

white, ovato-lanceolate, somewhat unguiculate, and united

by the marginal hairs of these claws, as well as by the base

of the cylindrical column or tube of the stamens : this tube

separates into many short branching filaments, each branch

bearing a yellow, kidney-shaped, one-celled Anther. Ger-

men of five angles, small, roundish, tipped with five short,

filiform styles, much shorter than the staminal tube.

Seeds of this singular species of Sma were received by

> Mr. Murray, at the Glasgow Botanic Garden, both from

Mr. Fraser, at New Holland, and from a correspondent in

Van Dieman’s Island. Plants of it were placed in a shel-

tered situation in the open air, and have survived two

winters, one of which has been very severe. The flowers,

however, were produced in the greenhouse, in the month of

March.

I have not the opportunity of consulting Bonpianp’s

plants of the garden of Malmaison, where the present

species is figured ; and, although Dre Canpotte’s character

accords in most of the essential particulars ; yet it must be

allowed, that it differs in the relative length of the raceme

with the petiole; which, however, may be a variable circum-

stance, and, I suspect, too, in the biaristate capsules: for,

although I have no ripe capsules to examine, by which I

might set the matter at rest; yet, I think, if present in the

capsule, the aristea would be apparent in the state of the

germen.

_ Sprencer unites the S. pulchella of Witty. with the S.

ramosa of CavaniLLEs, and says it is a native of Peru;

whilst Dr Canpotte gives Senegal as the native country of

S. ramosa.

<a ———

ict reauameee

. Fig. 1. Portion of a Raceme. 2. Portion of the Stamens. 3. Flower cut

open to shew the structure of the Corolla, the tube of the Stamens, and the

Pistil_— More or less magnified.

_——

Pub by § Cartis,Walworth.July. 2.1827

PH dee? —

( 2754)

- ACACIA PENNINERVIS. FEATHER-NERVED

3 ACACIA.

Class and Order. :

PotyGamia Moncecia.

( Nat. Ord.—Leeuminosz. )

Generic Character.

Flores polygami. Cal. 4—5 dentatus. Petala 4—5,

nunc libera, nunc in corollam 4—5 fidam coalita. Stam.

numero varia 1O—200. Legumen continuum. D. C.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Acacia penninervis ; glabra petiolis lanceolatis magis mi-

nusve acutis basi attenuatis subcurvatis marginatis

uninerviis venis obliquis parallelis margine antice

prope basi uniglandulosis, capitulis globosis in racemis

terminalibus axillaribusque, calyci corollaque quin-

quefidis. ’

Acacia penninervis. Sieber Fl. Nov. Holl. n. 458. De

Cand.-Prod. v. 2. p. 452. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 3.

p. 135. i i i eed

Acacia impressa. Hort.

Descr. A shrub, attaining in our gardens, the height of

five or six feet, having numerous regular, brown, twiggy

branches, which, as well as the whble plant, are quite gla-

brous. Leafstalks three to four inches long, coriaceous,

lanceolate, six to seven lines broad, more or less acute-at the

point, much attenuated at the base, straight or slightly fal-

cate, having a somewhat thickened margin, and, on the upper

Margin, near the base, an oblong gland. There is a single

rtb or nerve not running through the centre, but nearer the

upper margin, and from this diverge several oblique, not

: very

very distinct, parallel veins ; a more conspicuous one con-

nects the gland with the central nerve. The colour isa

yellow-green, but clothed with a slightly glaucous tint.

The flowers are arranged in perfectly globular capituli, of

a delicate yellow colour, and about the size of large peas,

and these are racemose; the peduncles shorter than the

leaves, terminal and axillary ; when axillary, they are either

solitary or two together, with one shorter than the other,

but both shorter than the leafstalks. Each has from four

to six or eight heads of flowers. Calyx five-toothed, cup-

shaped, and brown. Corolla quinquefid, pale yellow, as

are the numerous stamens.

Much difficulty attends the investigation of the leafless

New Holland species of Acacta, or the tribe of Puytio-

pINEE, as De Canpotte calls them; and we must proceed

with caution in determining the species, which, from time

to time, flower in our greenhouses. The present plant

exists in the Botanic Gardens of Edinburgh and Glasgow,

and may, probably, be common in other collections, having

been received under the unpublished name of A. imnpressa.

It is, however, unquestionably, the A. penninervis of S1s-

BER : a name sufficiently appropriate, considering, that the

species, with which it is liable, at first sight, to be con-

founded, is the A. melanoxylon; but, which is, nevertheless,

essentially distinguished by its many parallel nerves. It is,

indeed, perhaps, still more nearly allied to A. faleata, which

may likewise be called penninerved, but the racemes of

me touch shorter, and the leafstalks are destitute of

a £ a = are See Sc

_ We possess several other species which will come into the

same natural group with the present, and are equally fur-

nished with a gland on the margin of the leaf; some with

two. In every instance there is an oblique nerve or vein,

which connects it with the principal nerve.

=——

Fig. 1. Lower portion of a leafstalk, to shew the thickened margin and

the gland. 2. A single flower.—Magnijfied.

a cee

— se

2755.

iets

“

;

“A

™

t 3

Cora, AD. hs iw

(.. 2755") ‘

GonGorA spPeciosA. LARGE YELLOW-

FLOWERED GONGORA. |

| Class and Order.

Gynanpria Monanpria.

( Nat. Ord—Orcuinea. )

Generic Character.

Petala 3 exteriora patentissima subuniformia, 2 interiora

minora. Columna elongata. Labellum pedicellatum, varie

appendiculatum. Masse pollinis 2, pedicellate.

__ Specific Name.

Goncora speciosa ; petalis approximatis, labello saccato,

appendice magna pedunculata galeata, columna basi

bidentata, - 5 yet bar Feta Go Doe

Descr. Parasitic. Roots whitish, flexuose, branched. Stem

an oblong, deeply striated, green bu/b, broadest towards the |

base, terminated by two linear-lanceolate, at both ends very much

tapering, strongly striated and subplicated leaves. Scape radical,

a foot, or a foot and a half long, erect, compressed, jointed, with

brown sheathing scales at the joints, and bearing two (or more ?)

powerfully, but not agreeably scented flowers at the extremity, of

a very large size, and so curious in structure, that I should fail

to make myself understood without the aid of the figures. The

three outer petals are remarkably spreading and reflected, and

folded back at their margins, so that it is difficult to trace the

true form of them. They are, however, ovate, or ovato-lanceo-

late, the upper one two, the Jateral ones three inches in length,

of a thin membranaceous texture, longitudinally striated, and of

a gamboge yellow colour. The two ¢nmer ones stand almost up-

right, but are waved, and somewhat twisted, yellow, linear-oblong,

destitute of striz. All these are inserted at the base of the co-

Jumn. Lip (f. 1. A.) pedunculated : peduncle an inch long, cy-

lindrical, almost white, deflexed. The lip itself is formed of two

Portions: at the base is a deep orange, satiny, large cup or sack

(f. 1. a.), from the inner and upper margin of which, there rises a

very large, again pedunculated, helmet-shaped process, of a thick

an y nature, hollow within, g erect (f. 1. b.), which

covers, with its acuminated, trifid t, the top of the column of

fructification : its colour is a reddish, or tawny yellow: its pe-

duncle

duncle is attached to the margin behind, is thick, semi-cylindrical,

having a broad, satiny line behind, within grooved ; below, it ends

in a conical point, which fits into the cup. Column standing ex-

_ actly perpendicular, almost two inches long, cylindrical, pale

green, enlarged at the top, so as to resemble an inverted foot :

this summit is gibbous and two-lobed; constituting the stigma

(f. 1. a.), and on each side has an erect two-lobed membranous

process, of which two of the lobes extend behind, and are acu-

minated and incurved (f. 1. e.). Within these, the anther-case

appears to have been placed, but this had fallen in my specimens,

although the pollen-masses remained firmly fixed to a slightly

raised process above the stigma, which, as well as the stigma, lies

horizontally. The Pollen-Masses two, waxy, oval, compressed,

orange coloured, with a fissure on the outside margin of each,

are to be separated with difficulty, and when lifted up and thrown

back as at f. 2, it appears that the hollow, inflated, and membra-

nous curved pedicel covers a white tubercle (f. 2. a.). The base

of the column, immediately above the peduncle of the labellum,

has two (one on each side), white, compressed, oblong, curved

processes, at the end of which, on the outside, is apparently an

—* (f. 1. f.), from which honey is distilled, and this drops into

the cup of the lip below. Germen very long, cylindrical, stri-

ated, scarcely twisted, having a lanceolate bractea at its base.

There are two collections in this country that are preeminently

rich in the plants of Brazil, that of Mrs. Annonp Harrison,

and of Ricnarp Harrison, Esq. both of Aigburgh, near Liver-

pool. Their connection with Rio Janeiro, and the circumstance

of their having a near relative resident there, who loses no op-

. portunity of collecting the vegetable treasures of that country for

them, have been the means of their introducing to Britain some

of the choicest productions now existing in our stoves. Some are

already recorded in the pages of this and other Botanical works,

especially individuals of the family of the parasitic Oncn1DEx ;

and, amongst the most curious of that very singular tribe will,

undoubtedly, rank the subject of our present plate. It grows on

trees, in large patches, on Victoria Hill, above Bahia, in Brazil,

and was sent, by Henry Harrison, Esq. of Rio, to RicwaRrD

Harrison, Esq., about twelve months ago. It produced its

a and fragrant blossoms in the month of May, 1827.

e cup at the base of the labellum of the present plant Mr.

Harrison’s gardener observed to be rapidly filled with the —

honey ; and Mr. Sueruerp informs me, that some cups that were

emptied in the morning, were, when he saw the plant on the

same day. again, half filled with the nectariferous juice.

———————

ley

Fig. 1. The top of the Germen, the Column, and Lip. A. the Lip. a. the

Cup at the base. 6. the Helmet. ec. the Column. vi the ane. é. the

membranous processes, between which are the Pollen Masses. f. the pro-

cesses from which the Honey is distilled. 2. The part of the extremity of

the Column bearing the Pollen-Masses, which are here forced back to shew

Lag underside and the Tubercle (a.) which the pedicel previously covered.

- Side view of the Pollen Masses.—All more or less magnified.

via. See ae

( 2756A. 2757 B. )

MyristTIca OFFICINALIS. AROMATIC, or

True Nurmec TRree. | /

KEK EEE EEE EEE EERE

Class and Order.

Dia:crA Monapenpnia.

“~

( Nat. Ord + emnces, )

Generic Character.

Mase. Cal. o. Cor. campanulata, trifida. Filamentum

columnare. Anthere 6—10, connate. Fam. Cal. o.

Cor. campanulata, trifida, decidua. Stylus nullus. Stig-

mata 2. Drupa nuce arillata, monosperma. Wi...

Specific Character and Synonyms. a

Myristica officinalis; foliis oblongo-ellipticis subacumi-

natis glabris subtus_palidioribus, nervis simplicibus,

pedunculis paucifloris, perianthiis urceolatis.

Myristica oflicinalis. Linn. Suppl. p. 265. Gert. de

Fruct. v. 1. p. 194. t. Al. f. 1. Smith in Rees Cycl.

Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 155, 156.

Myrisrica moschata. Thunb. in Act. Holm. 1782. p. 45.

_. Woodv. Med. Bot. t. 134. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 4. p. 869.

Fes ee Syst. Veget. v. 3. p. 64. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed.

| Ae et ee

Myristica eaiaeee « Lam. Act. Par. 1788. p. 155. t.

5—~7.” Lam. Dict. v. 4. p. 385. Lam. Ml. t. 832.

Roxb. Pl. of Corom. v, 3..t. 267...

Muscape. | at, Voy. de la Nouv. Guin. p. 194. t.

foe ALG, LIT ZTE 7

uae Mrounscs seu Para. Rumph. Herb. Amb. v. 2. p.

au Ak, £4, Bs | ;

Nox Moscuata, fructu rotundo. Pluk. Phyt. t. 219.

_Descr. A dicecious tree ; its trunk rising to the height

of from twenty to twenty-five feet, clothed with a greyish-

tet brown

brown, and tolerably smooth bark, abounding in a yellow

juice, and bearing many whorls of spreading branches.

Leaves from three to six inches long, subbifarious, oblong,

approaching to elliptical, glabrous, rather obtuse at the

base, acuminate at the extremity, quite entire at the mar-

gin, above dark-green and somewhat glossy, beneath much

paler, but neither pulverulent nor downy; nerves parallel,

simple, or only a little branched at the extremities towards

the margin, prominent, and of a brownish colour beneath.

Petioles from half to three quarters of an inch long, plane

-above. When bruised, the leaves are slightly aromatic.

Flowers in axillary, subumbellate racemes, sometimes

forked or compound. Peduneles and pedicels subclavate,

glabrous, the latter having a quickly deciduous, ovate

bractea at its summit, often appressed to the flower.

Male i= from three to five or more on a peduncle.

Perianth single, urceolate, not inaptly compared by Rum-

puivs to the flower of the Lily of the Valley, which it re-

sembles in size and form: it is of a thick and fleshy texture,

clothed with a very indistinct reddish pubescence, of a

dingy pale yellowish colour, cut into three, rarely, and

rhaps, the effect of luxuriance, into four, erect, or erecto-

patent teeth at the extremity. Filaments of the stamens

united and incorporated so as to form a thickened, whitish,

cylindrical body, about as long as the perianth, of which

the top is rounded, and the upper half covered by about

eleven longi linear-oblong, two-celled anthers, free

at their base, opening longitudinally, and charged with

_ yellow pollen.

_ Female flowers scarcely recognizable, at first sight, from

the male, except, that the pedicel is very frequently solitary

onthe peduncle. Pistil solitary, shorter than the perianth,

broadly-ovate, a little tapering upwards into a short style,

and bearing a two-lobed persistent stigma: a broad, differ-

pee Rese band is generally visible near the middle.

As the germen swells, the perianth falls away: the former

then becomes obovate, and, from its weight, pendent, con-

sti ra nearly fa Drupe, of the size, and some-

what of the shape of a small pear. The flesh, which abounds

in an astringent juice, is of a yellowish colour, almost white

within, four or five lines in thickness : this opens into two,

nearly equal, longitudinal valves, and presents to view the

Nut, surrounded by its arillus, or Mace, which soon drops

out, and the husk withers.

Arillus thick, between horny and fleshy, much lacinistons

Pub, dp.

Wa Ene

1th

tig? 1. td a7

folded and anastomosing towards the extremity, envelop-

ing the nut almost entirely, and so tightly, as to form

inequalities on its surface. The colour, when fresh, is a

brilliant scarlet. When dry, it becomes much more horny,

of a yellow-brown colour, and very brittle. Nut broadly

ovate, or oval, the shell very hard, rugged dark-brown,

glossy, about half a line thick, pale, and smooth within.

This immediately envelopes the seed (the Nutmeg as sold

in our shops) which is of an oval or elliptical form, pale

brown, quite smooth, when first deprived of its shell, but

soon becoming shrivelled, so as to have irregular, vertical

lines or furrows on its surface. Its outside very thin; its

imner substance or albumen is firm, but fleshy, whitish, but

so traversed with red-brown veins, which abound in oil, as

to appear beautifully marbled. Near the base of the albu-

men, and imbedded in a cavity in its substance, is situated |

the Embryo, which is large, fleshy, yellowish-white, rounded

below, where is the radicle ; its cotyledons of two, large,

somewhat foliaceous, plicate lobes, in the centre of which

is seen the plumule.

The true Nutmeg tree is a native of the Molucca, or Spice

Islands, principally confined to that groupe denominated the

islands of Banda, lying in lat. 4° 30' south: and there it bears _

both blossom and fruit at all seasons the year, and assists, —

with other aromatic trees and shrubs, to form that atmosphere of

fragrance, in the upper regions of the air, in which the natives

believe the Birds of Paradise perpetually float. Long before

the East India islands were discovered by the Portuguese, the _

Nutmeg, as well as the Clove, seems to have been known in

urope, through the medium of Persia and Arabia, and since the

year 1510, when the first Portuguese navigators visited those

islands, they have probabl: been known as an article of commerce ;

yet, down to Che: tinsel Linn xvs, nothing was known of the

plant that produced this precious fruit; nor till M. Crs,

director of the Royal Garden in the Isle of Franc

Specimens and observations to the Chevalier de

aa.

Sins™

The Dutch havi possess ion of the Spice islands in 1619, en-

couraged, te a an of their power, the hag ager x Ld

u i ° _ and were anxious, for the gake of the

ae tmeg in a few of them, — ~~ scanpels

monopoly, to haye them there so exclusively, that they either

destroyed them themselves, in the remainder of the isles, or kept

their princes in their pay for the purpose of doing so. — In fact,

they pursued the same line of policy with the Nutmeg, as has

been already described with regard to the Clove, under that

article (tab. 2749, 2750). They have, more than once, suffered

dearly for their insatiable avarice: for the dreadful hurricanes

and earthquakes, which spared other islands, nearly annihilated

the Nutmegs of Banda in 1778; so, that the Dutch were only

able to have a few supplies for several years afterwards. While

the Dutch remained undisputed possessors of the Spice Islands,

the quantity of Nutmegs and Mace exported from their Nutmeg-

grounds, circumscribed as they were, was truly enormous. Sra-

VoriNvs, in his valuable * Voyage to the Kast Indies,” gives

. an excellent account of the commercial history of this spice.

A quantity, estimated at no less than 250,000 tbs annually, used

to be vended in Europe, and nearly half that amount in the

East Indies. Of Mace, the average has been 90,000 ‘tbs sold

in Europe, and 10,000 Ths in the Fast Indies. When the Spice

Islands were taken by the British, in 1796, the importations of

the East India Company into England alone, in the two years

following the capture, were, of Nutmegs, 129,732 ‘bs, and of

Mace, 286,000 tbs. When the crops of spice have been super-

abundant, and the pe likely, in consequence, to be reduced,

the same contracted spirit has actuated the Dutch to destroy

immense quantities of the fruit, rather than suffer the mar-

kets to be lowered. A Hollander, who had returned from the

Spice Islands, informed Sir Witt1am Tempe, that, at one

time, he saw three piles of Nutmegs burnt, each of which was

more than a church of ordinary dimensions could hold. In 1760,

M. Beaumaré witnessed, at Amsterdam, near the Admiralty, the

destruction, by fire, of a mass of Spice, which was valued at one

million of livres, and an equal annie was condemned to be

burnt on the day following: and Mr. Wixcooks, the translator

of Stavorinus’s Travels, relates, that he himself beheld such 2

conflagration of Cloves, Nutmegs, and Cinnamon, upon the little

island of Newland, near Middleburgh, in Zealand, as perfumed

the air, with their aromatic scent, for many miles round.

M. Poivre has the credit of introducing this valuable Jant :

into the isles of France and Bourbon, in 1772, together with the

Clove; thence, by the liberal policy of the Fr i t to

Guiana and to the West lediin Télassis — ”. sae oe

In 1796, the British took possession of the Molucca Isles,

and, two years afterwards, planted the Nutmeg at Bencoolen, ™

Sumatra, where it has grown with the greatest luxuriance ; 5°

that, in five years, the trees had arrived at from ten to fourteeD

feet in height, and, in October and November, 1802, two hundred

and forty seven trees, out of about six hundred, blossomed. About

half of these were male and the rest female. A second im ‘

tion was made to that island, by the assistance of the

government; and the son of Dr. Roxsureu arrived there with

twenty-two thousand Nutm ich, in

y ui eg plants, from Amboyna, which, ©

few ig yielded 200,000 ibs weight of Nutmegs, and 50,000 tbs

of Mace.

In the Moluccas, the Dutch appear to have been totally ignor-

ant of the diccious nature of the trees, and of the cause of steri-

lity in so many of them. Where the trees are very abundant,

this is a matter of comparatively trifling importance: but, in

colonies where but few plants have been introduced, it is not only

of essential consequence that the female flowers should be fertil-

ized by the male, but that the male plants should be employed in

the most ceconomical manner. This has been achieved by M.

Joseru Husert, in the Isle of France, in the most successful

manner. Ascertaining that one male plant is sufficient for a

hundred females, he resolved ‘upon grafting the seedling stock

of all his plantations in that proportion, in the second year

of their growth: by this means, there are no superfluous trees,

and they come into bearing the sooner *. According to the old

method, the trees did not bear flowers till the seventh or eighth

year; and it was not till that period, that the useless trees could

be removed.

In our West Indian colonies, the Nutmeg was introduced about

thirty years ago; and, first, to the island of St. Vincent, from

Cayenne, though not without great difficulty, on account of the

extreme jealousy of the inhabitants of that colony, the two coun-

tries being then at war with each other. The three trees which

were originally imported have borne fruit for many years, and

have attained the height of twenty feet, with a trunk eight or

nine inches in diameter. It does not, however, appear, that the

culture of the Nutmeg succeeds so well in the West, as in the

East Indies. Mr. Lockuart, who has the charge of the plants

introduced into the island of Trinidad, by his Excellency Sir

Ratrx Wooprorp, observes, in a letter to me, that the plants

flourish best in the rainy season; even when moderate showers

fall requiring constantly artificial watering; although a soil

saturated with moisture is injurious. For a long time, though

the trees introduced into St. Vincent produced abundance of

flowers, they bore small crops of fruit, until Mr. Guinp1ne re-

commended the same process as is employed with the caprification

of the Fig, when the crops were much more productive, two trees,

at one period, bearing three hundred ripe fruits. The process of

grafting adopted in the Mauritius might be employed, re,

to still greater advantage. Female flowers, which had reached

perfection on the 20th of June, became ripe fruit from the 6th to

the 12th of February following; this is the case, at least, in the

island of St. Vincent, according to Mr. Gu1np1Ne ; who, further

| observes

—_

—,

* My friend, Mr. Teurarr, has been so good as to communicate to me,

from the Mauritius, an interesting account of the culture of the Nutmeg in

that country, in the “ Archives de I'Isle de France,” and entitled, “ Sur la

culture du Muscadier, par feu M. de Cossieny,” in which the method 1 have

here related is detailed.

‘observes, that the trees are almost always in flower ; that fruit is

most abundant in April, May, and June; and that the seed

vegetates at the expiration of six weeks from the period of its

being put into the ground.

In the East Indies, as I have already observed, the trees are

almost always loaded with flowers and fruits. In the Moluccas,

the gathering of the fruit takes place at three periods of the year;

in July and August, when the Nutmegs are most abundant, but the

Maée is thinner than in the smaller fruits, which are gathered

during November, the second time of collecting: the third har-

vest takes place in the month of March, or beginning of April,

when the Nuts, as well as the Mace, are in the greatest perfection,

their number being then not so great, and the season being dry.

The outer pulpy coat is removed, and, afterwards, the Mace, with

a knife. The Nuts are placed over a slow fire, when the shell

becomes very brittle, and the Seeds, or Nutmeg, drop out: these

are then soaked in sea-water, and impregnated with lime, a pro-

cess, which answers the double purpose of securing the seeds from

the attack of insects, and of destroying their vegetating property.

{t further ee the volatilization of the aroma. The Mace

is simply dried in the sun, and then sprinkled with salt water,

after which it is fit for exportation.

_ The uses, both of the Mace and Nutmeg are well known,

whether in a medicinal or economical point of view. The whole

fruit, preserved in sugar, is brought to table with the dessert, but

not till after the acrid principle has been, in a great measure,

removed, by repeated washings.

_An essential oil is obtained from the Nutmeg and the Mace, by

distillation, and a less volatile one by expression.

For most of the drawings here given, made in the West Indies,

from the living plants, and for many valuable notes, I am indebted

to the Rev. L. Guiipine. For some healthy young plants,

which are flourishing in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, I have to

ecomomy my obligation to his Excellency Sir Ratpn Woop-

——<——

———

Tas. 2756. A. Fig. 1. A branch from a Male plant of Myristica offci-

nalis, natural size. 2. Male Flower cut open to iow the Column of asin

3 Anther (copied from Roxsurén). 4. Female Flower cut open to shew

the Pistil. ;

_ Tan. 2757 . B. Fig. 1. Young Fruit. 2. Ripe Fruit in the act of burst-

ing. 3. Section of a fully-formed Fruit, shewing the Nut included in the

Mace, natural size. 4. The Mace from which the Nut has been removed.

5. The Nut. 6. The Seed, or Nutmeg. 7. Nut cut through vertically,

shewing the Albumen, and the Embryo imbedded in the base of it, 8 and 9.

The Embryo.—Only 8 and 9 magnified.

‘oo

a7 7 FF

SYS CYyifah ta 2

Al! 4

fi Pet

Swan

Lub, by 3. Curits, Walworth, Aug? £ 1627.

( 2758 )

CERATIOLA ERICOIDES. HEaAtTH-LIKkE CERA-

TIOLA.

Class and Order.

Dicacra DriAnpria.

( Nat. Ord.—Emrerres. )

Generic Character.

Masc. Perianthium e squamis 5—7, imbricatis, fimbri-

ato-ciliatis. Stam. 2. Pistillum nullum. |

Fam. Perianthium, ut in mari. Pistillum unicum.

Stylus incrassatus, deciduus. Stigma radiato-multifidum.

Bacca nucibus duabus monospermis.

Specific Name and Synonyms.

CERATIOLA ericoides. '

Ceratioia ericoides. Mich. Fl. Bor. Am. v. 2. p. 222.

Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 4. p. 712. Pursh N. Am. Fl. v. 1.

p. 21. Nutt. Gen. N. Am. v. 2. p. 232. Elliott Bot.

of S. Carol. and Georgia. Spreng. Syst. Veg. v. 1.

p. 95. D. Don. in Edin. New Phil. Journ. 1826. p. 63.

Descr. An upright, much branched, twiggy shrub, from

two to four, and even eight feet high: branches subverti-

cillate, erect, marked with the scars whence the numerous

leaves have fallen, the younger and upper branches alone

retaining their leaves, and those are — tomentose.

Leaves verticillate, quaternate, patent, half to three-quarters

_ of an ‘nch long, linear, rigid, acerose, shining, pale, the

den side semicylindrical, the under, grooved in the mid-

d e, the base narrowed into a very short petiole, which is

Jointed upon a little tooth or projection of the bark, and

this gives the scarred appearance to the stems and branches

when the leaves have fallen away. Flowers in the axils

of the upper leaves solitary, with a small (abortive?) one

on each side, the males on one plant, the females on a se-

Parate plant. .Perianth of each forming an imbricated

gemma, or bud, resembling a minute catkin, ovate, com-

Posed of about five or six erect, brownish, thin, membrana-

ceous scales, all originating from the same point, the inner

much the largest, convolute, all fimbricated at the seg

and somewhat tomentose towards the apex. Stamens two,

united at the base by a small point, which appears to be a

very minute abortive pistil. Filaments flexuose, longer

than the perianth, purple. Anthers large, ovato-globose,

two-lobed, each lobe constituting a cell, which opens late-

rally by a longitudinal fissure. Piséil, for three-quarters of

its length, enveloped by the perianth. Germen ovate,

green, above slightly hispid, and glandular, having two

ovules. Style incrassated, columnar, the base inserted into

a little hollow on the top of the germen, and there at len eth

separating from the germen. Stigma of three or four mul-

tifid brownish-purple rays, umbilicated in the centre. Fruit

a small orange-yellow Berry, spherical, glabrous, sur-

rounded at the base by the scales of the perianth, with a

small umbilicus at the top: enclosing two hemispherical,

closely placed, wrinkled nuts, each having one erect seed

of the same shape. Albumen white, between fleshy and

corneous. Embryo cylindrical, in the centre of the albu-

men, erect. i

A native of dry and sandy soils in South Carolina and Georgia,

where it was first detected and afterwards described by Micwavx.

On the Edisto river, Mr. E:xiort says, *‘it covers a space of three

or four hundred yards in width, and two or three miles long, which

appears to have been a sand-bank formed by some of the ancient

freshets of that river, and on which only Lichens, and a few stunt-

ed Oaks (Q. Catesb@i and nigra) are found intermingled with it.

I am indebted for the opportunity of figuring this hitherto

little-known plant to my excellent friend, SrerHen Evviott,

= of Charleston, S. Carolina, who, to an extensive collection

of living plants of the Southern states of N. America, which he

was so good as to send this year (March 1827), to the Glasgow

Botanic Garden, added four of the Ceratioua ericoides. ‘These

bore the voyage so well, as to afford immediately upon their ar-

rival, male and female flowers and fruit. By the details that I

have hence been able to give, it will be at once seen how closely

this plant is allied to Empetrum; especially to E. album; and,

perhaps, it might, without much violence to nature, be united with

it. Empretrum nigrum has the three innermost scales of the

flowers decidedly coloured, and of a different shape from the rest,

spreading out and even recurved. Emrrerrum album has a dis-

tinct mucronate bractea at the base of the flower, and two to

four of the inner scales of the perianth, sometimes coloured

(reddish) and a little spreading, thus being as it were intermedi-

ate between E. nigrum and our Cerario.a.

A. Portion of a Female Plant: nat. size. J. 1. Part of a Stem with

Leaves. 2. Male Flower. 3. Inner Scale of ditto with Stamens. 4. Female

Flowers with abortive lateral ones. 5. Pistil. 6. Section of Germen. _7-

Berry. 8. Section of ditto. 9. Nuts. 10. Single Nut, interior side.

Section of a Nut. 12. Seed. 13, Section of ditto, shewing the Embryo —

All more or less magnified. S

Bas: ‘

pennant amon—mceinorensiaiicnmsecnnil

( 2759 )

SipA MOLLIs. SOFT-LEAVED SIDA. |

KR EKEKEEKR EERE EEEKERER

Class and Order.

MonapetpuiA POLYANDRIA.

( Nat. Ord.—Matvacea. )

Generic Character.

Cal. nudus quinquefidus sepe angulatus, Stylus apice

multifidus. Carpella capsularia, 5—30 circa axim verticil-

lata, plus minusve inter se coalita, 1-locularia, mono aut

oligosperma, apice mutica aut aristata. D. C.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Siva mollis ; foliis orbiculari-cordatis acuminatis inaequa-

liter dentato-serratis pubescenti-mollibus, pedunculis

solitariis subbifloris petiolo brevioribus, capsulis 9

mucronato-acuminatis hirtis calyce parum longioribus,

ramis hirsutissimis. ;

Sipa mollis. “ Ort. Dec. p. 65.” De Cand. Prodr. v.1. p.

A470. Spreng. Syst. Veg. v. 3. p. 121.

Sipa grandifolia. “ Willd. Enum. v. 2. p. 274.” Bot.

Reg. t. 360.

Descr. A shrub or small tree, attaining a height, even

when cultivated in the stove, of from ten to twenty feet,

bearing numerous, rounded branches, of which the younger

ones are green, and, as well as the petioles and peduncles,

clothed with long, soft hairs. Leaves alternate, rather re-

mote, large, orbiculari-cordate, acuminate, the lobes at the

base rounded, and meeting together, the margin unequally

dentato-serrated, the surface clothed on both sides with ex-

ceedingly soft pubescence; the nerves diverge mostly from

the base of the midrib, and all are connected by transverse

nervelets or veins, prominent beneath. Petiole about as

long as the leaf, having a linear-setaceous bractea on each

side at the base. Peduncle axillary, solitary, somewhat

shorter than the petiole, bearing, in our plant, two ape

ate

lated, large, handsome, orange-yellow flowers. Calyx al-

most five-partite, the segments ovate, reflexed at the mar-

gins. Petals twice the length of the calyx, orange-coloured,

wedge-shaped, rounded and crenate at the extremity, some-

what oblique, the base narrow, united there to each other,

and to the column of stamens, a little ciliated just above

. this point of union. Tube of Stamens somewhat conical,

yellow, dividing at the extremity into numerous yellow |

_ filaments, bearing deep orange-coloured reniform, one-

celled anthers. Pollen large, globose. Pistil : Germen

rounded, hairy, with nine points, and as many longitu-

dinal angles. Style as long as the stamens, separating into |

nine at the top, each tipped with a globose brown stigma. |

Capsules nine, circularly disposed round an axis, and there i

united, compressed, inflated, somewhat membranaceous, I

longer than the persistent calyx, very hairy, glabrous only i

where the sides touch each other, and there semipellucid : |

the top truncated at the outer angle, lengthened into a |

mucro, opening interiorly and longitudinally, and bearing

four seeds attached to the suture.

This is really a very desirable plant for the stove. Its

leaves are large, handsome, and its flowers when the plant

is well grown, are two inches across, of a fine clear orange-

yellow, and produced in considerable abundance. It is a

native of Peru.

Seeds were received at the Glasgow Botanic Garden from

Gottingen, under the name of 8. grandifolia ; and, as such,

it is published in Wittpenow’s Enumeratio, and figured in /

the Botanical Register. ‘

_— = ——————

Fig. 1. Section of the Staminiferous Tube. 2. Anther, 3. Pistil. 4. Cap-

sule. 5, The same laid open to shew the Seeds :—More or less magnified. —

WIT dott

br J

Curkls, Walworth, An a? I 1827.

Swan Jer

( 2760 )

DoRSTENIA CERATOSANTHES. Crerr Dor-

STENIA.

KEKE EEE EE EEE EEEEEREKE

Class and Order.

Monececta DiAnpRia.

( Nat. Ord.—Urrticez. )

Generic Character.

Receptaculum carnosum dilatatum, patens, superne papil-

losum vel squamosum: papillis vel squamis intus florigeris.

Cal.o. Cor.o. Stam. 2. Pistillum receptaculo immer-

sum: Stylus bifidus, lateralis. Pericarpia monosperma.

Specific Character and Synonym.

Dorsrensa ceratosanthes ; acaulis, foliis oblongo-cordatis

subserratis reticulato-venosis scabridis, receptaculo bi-

partito, laciniis lineari-acuminatis margine laciniatis.

Dorsrenia ceratosanthes. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1216.

Descr. I am unacquainted with the root of this plant,

from the top or crown of which the leaves are said immedi-

ately spring : these are elevated upon a footstalk, about six

to eight inches long, oblong, or ovato-oblong, acuminated,

the margin obscurely serrated, the base cordate, the surface

marked with numerous reticulated veins, which contract

the substance of the leaf so as to make it blistery on the

upper surface, every where rough to the touch, but with

Points so minute, that they are scarcely visible with a

common lens: the colour is very dark green on the upper

ce, much paler beneath, where the nerves are very

rominent. Receptacles upon a scape, shorter than the

eafstalk, and compressed upwards, two or three inches

long, rounded at the base, cleft from the top almost to the

bottom, into two linear-acuminated segments, plane above,

keeled beneath, and there furnished with a midrib, the

margin papillose, and beneath the papilla are ——

orm

form lacinia, or appendages, most numerous on the out-

_ side of the segments: these are downy when seen under a

microscope. The upper surface of the receptacle is cover-

ed with numerous papille, of two kinds, the one perfo-

rated and covering the cell of the female flowers; the

other, which are of a purple colour, when examined care-

fully, are formed of two concave hemispherical downy

scales, each enclosing a stamen, of which the filament is

short, and terminated by two nearly-white globular cells,

opening by a transverse fissure. Pistil having an ovate

germen, from the side of which springs the style with an

incrassated base, tapering upwards, and dividing into two

rather short filiform spreading stigmata. The style is pro-

truded through the aperture in the tubercle above men-

tioned, while the whole of the germen is immersed.

This very curious species of DorsTeniaA was communi-

cated by the Horticultural Society of London to the Liver-

pool Botanic Garden, where it flowered in the month of

April, 1826 ; but of what particular country it is a native

I am ignorant. In the shape of the leaves it is most nearly

allied to the young foliage of D. arifolia, which is, how-

ever, smaller, destitute of that roughness, which, in the

present species, is scarcely sensible but to the touch, and

they are decidedly sagittate. The receptacle is very sin-

gular and quite different from that of every other species

with which I am acquainted*.

——$—$<——_

——_——

* Thad called this species D. bifida, but just as ive on the point of

sending the MSS. to the press, I received che 122d No. of Mr. Eeppiews

Botanical Cabinet, where I find that it bears the name I have now adopted.

It is said to be a native of South America; but of what part is not

Fig. 1. Section of one of the Segments of the Receptacle. 2. Under side

of a portion of ditto. 3. The two Seales constituting the tubercle or papille

Reese, ages the Male Flower, 4, Stamen. 5, Pistil:—More or less

magnified,

ease ma

_———_

2761.

Swans

Pub, by 8. Curtis Walworth; Ang? 2 {b27.

WIL, del®

( 2761 )

GNIDIA TOMENTOSA. Downy Gwnip1a.

KK KEKE EERE KEK EK

Class and Order.

OcranpriA Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—Tuymetez. )

Generic Character.

Perianthium simplex, coloratum, tubulosum, quadrifi-

dum. Sguame ad faucem. Anthere tubo inserte. Nux

monosperma. ,

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Gnip1A tomentosa; foliis oppositis decussatis elliptico-ovatis

obtusiusculis nervosis hirsutis subtus scabriusculis,

floribus capitatis villosis, squamis antheriformibus 8

per paria approximatis. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 512.

Gnipia tomentosa. Thunberg Fl. Cap. v. 1. p.381. Willd.

Sp. Pl. v. 2. p. 427. Spreng. Syst. Veg. v. 2. p. 239.

Gnipia pubescens. “ Berg. Cap. 124.” (Willd.) .

Gnipia denudata? Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 757.

Drscr. A twiggy shrub, three or four feet high, bare

of leaves below, proliferous, very leafy and downy at the

extremities. Leaves opposite, decussate, more or less pa-

tent, sometimes reflexed, ovate, or ovato-lanceolate, very

often approaching to oblong or elliptical, sessile, rather

obtuse at the point, five-nerved, hairy, especially the upper

and younger leaves, the hairs patent, the older ones often

glabrous above, the underside slightly scabrous when seen

through a lens, and more conspicuous in the dried than in

the living plant. Flowers sessile, collected into a sort of

fasciculated head at the extremity of the younger shoots,

and surrounded by four closely-placed leaves which form

an involucre: Tube long and slender, swollen at the base,

where the germen is contained, and a little so at the ex-

tremity, externally clothed with long, generally much

Spreading, white, and rather silky hairs: Segments age

| ate,

late, spreading horizontally, faintly 3-nerved, pale yellow,

the inner or upper side quite free from pubescence. At the

mouth of the tube are eight, erect, linear, greenish glands

or scales, placed in pairs at the sinus of the segments; al-

ternating with these four pairs, having the same line of in-

sertion, are four linear, almost sessile anthers: these are

opposite the middle of the segments of the Perianth : lower

down, and alternating with them, are four others. Pistil:

Germen oval,a little hispid at the point: Style shorter than

the tube, inserted below the apex of the germen, flexuose,

filiform, terminated by a clavate, white, hispid stigma.

Introduced, but I know not in what year, from the Cape

of Good Hope, by Mr. Arron, of Kew, and by that gen-

tleman, kindly presented to the Glasgow Botanic Garden,

where it Pes enva its pale yellow and very agreeably night-

scented flowers in the greenhouse, in the months of March

and April. We received it with the name here adopted,

and it perfectly agrees with a specimen in my Herbarium of

Gn. tomentosa, from Professor Tuungerc. I am inclined

to think, however, that the Gnip1a denudata of Mr. Linp-

LEY, in the Bot. Register, is merely a variety of the same

species; for, in hairiness, the species is certainly liable to

great variation; and, perhaps, the Guip1a imbricata of

Loppicrs, t. 890, is not to be considered distinct from it.

‘THUNBERG attributes to the imbricata of Linnzus four

nectaries at the mouth of the tube, but, in other respects,

his description is not at variance with his own specimens of

tomentosa.

_ Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Section of the upper part of a Flower, shewing the

insertion of the Stamens, and the Scales in G . 3. Pistil :—Magnijfied.

=. a ee

Pubby SCurtis, Walworth: Sept 11827,

wWelAdele,

( 2762 )

Tobira sTevuata. Streciatep East INDIAN

Tuuir.

EKEEEKEEEEEERER EE EE EK

Class and Order.

Hexanpria Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—Liticez. )

Generic Character.

Perianthium inferum, campanulatum, hexaphyllum.

Stylus nullus. Semina plana.

Specific Character.

Tunira stellata; foliis lineari-lanceolatis subconvolutis

glaucis, petalis lanceolatis obtusis patentissimis, tribus

exterioribus longioribus, filamentis equalibus glabris,

pistillo staminibus breviore.

Descr. Bulb broadly ovate, small, clothed with a dark-

brown coat, which is cut at the extremity into three or four

lanceolate segments, thickly clothed with fulvous hair in

the inside :—the bulb throws out an offset from near the

base. Stem, in the cultivated specimens, nearly two feet

high, terete, glaucous, bearing four to five linear-lanceo-

ate, very long, and narrow leaves, subconvolute, with a

midrib prominent on the underside, and a few obscure

Striz ; the lower leaves are much the broadest and slightly

falcate, the upper ones linear, acuminate, and somewhat

- twisted. Flowers solitary, or sometimes two upon the same

stem, erect, oblong in bud; when fully open the petals

Spread out horizontally : they are lanceolate, slightly con-

cave, obtuse ; the three outer longer than the rest, and,

Sometimes, perhaps the effect of luxuriance, having a single

tooth on one side: all are pure white, with a faint tinge of

pink and green at the points on the outside, and bright

yellow at the base within. Stamens equal in length, yel-

ns ow

low. Filaments subulate. Pist:l : Germen green, trique-

trous : Stigma trigonal, sessile.

This very delicate species of Tulip was sent (from

“ Kumana,”’ according to Mr. Suernerp,) by Dr. Watticn,

to the Liverpool Botanic Garden, under the name of “Tv-

tPA Clusiana ?” But, as Mr. Sueruerp observes, it is very

different from that plant ; and, as it appears to me also, from

every other of the gents, although its characters are not

very easily defined. It is remarkable for the narrowness

of the petals, and their spreading out almost flat in the

middle of the day when the sun shines, and closing again in

the evening. The bulbs were received from the East In-

dies, in the month of January ; and in two months from that

seine they produced flowers. Cultivated in the green-

ouse.

It will, probably, prove hardy enough to bear the open

air; and is certainly a most valuable acquisition to our

gardens.

Thy 1. Stamen, and f. 2, Pistil, shewing their relative height.—Both mag-

nejted,

WILK. det?

Pus. by $.Surtts, Walworth, Sen? t.1£627.

2763.

Swan 5e-

ae Ea

ee ee a.

( 2763 )

CALYPSO BOREALIS. NortTuEern CAtypeso.

Oe Sie a ae a rc

Class and Order.

GynanprRIA Monanpria.

( Nat. Ord.—Orcuwezs. )

Generic Character.

Labellum ventricosum, prope apicem subtus calcaratum.

Petala adscendentia, secunda. Colwmna petaloidea, dila-

tata. Masse pollinis4. Br.

Specific Name and Synonyms.

Catyrso borealis. :

Catyrso borealis. Salish. Parad. Lond. 89. Richard de

Orchid. in Mem. du Mus. v. 4. p. 60. Pursh Fl. of

N. Am. v. 2. p. 593. Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 12.

Catyrso Americana. Br. in Hort. Kew. v. 5. p. 208. Nutt.

Gen. N. Am. v. 2. p. 194. Sprengel Syst. Veg. v. 3.

933:

Sieenas boreale. Swartz in Svensk. Bot. t. 518.

Limoporum boreale. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 4. p.123. Sw. de

Orchid. p. 85. aa

Cymerpium boreale. “ Sw. in Nov. Act. Ups. v. 6. p. 76.

Cyprirepium bulbosum. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1347.

eens

_ Descr. Root, a small scaly bulb or tuber, sending out

two or three simple and somewhat downy fibres. Leaf so-

litary, springing from the top of this bulb, and generally

lying upon the ground, cordate, entire, rather obtuse, stri-

ated, having two remarkable elevated plaits in the middle

of each halfof the leaf, the stria connected by delicate trans-

Verse nerves or veins. Petiole half an inch to an inch long.

Scape three to four inches high, clothed, for the greater part

of its length from the base, with long tubular sheaths; the

upper one the smallest, and a little reflexed. Flower large,

Solitary, drooping. Petals five, delicate rose-coloured,

lanceolate, acuminated, pointing forward, except the upper

one,

one, which is nearly erect. Lip large, pendent, ovato-ob-

long, remarkably concave, inflated, slipper-shaped, pale

reddish-brown, with dark dots placed in lines; below, it

terminates in two tooth-like pomts, and these are, above,

covered by a pale, almost whitish lamina, having a tuft of

yellow hairs at the base, and a few brown spots: it is some-

times as long as, sometimes shorter than, the two teeth,

sometimes bifid at the point ; at other times, as in the pre-

sent specimens, quite entire. Column large, dilated, con-

vex, oval, petaloid, rose-coloured. Anther white, cordate,

inserted just within the point of the column. Pollen masses

four, ovate, compressed, in two pairs, the under ones the

smallest, fixed upon a large white membranous base.

I have, on a former occasion*, stated it, as my opinion,

that the American and European Calypso should only be

considered as one species, and the present figures, drawn

from living plants, sent from Montreal, by Mr. CLecuorn,

seem to confirm this opinion, having the two teeth of the

labellum as short, if not shorter than the lamina, which has

been given, by Mr. Brown, as the essential character of the

European plant. Spreneen again, relying probably on my

figures in Exotic Flora, has made a principal character of

the C. Americana to depend on the bifid lamina; but, in

the present individuals, that is quite entire as in SwaRtz’s

figure. So that we see, even in the same country, that the

structure of the flower is liable to vary. Our plants flow-

ered in a cool pert of the greenhouse, in the latter end of

March, being kept in the same earth and the same box, 10

which the roots were imported the preceding year.

It appears to be a general inhabitant of the northern

parts of Europe and America. In Canada it is common.

Dr. Ricuarpson and Mr. Drummonp found it about Lake

Erie; Mr. Menzies at Nova Scotia; Governor Lewis and

Mr. Scouter on the north-west coast of America. Its

beauty must recommend it, as highly deserving a place i

every collection.

* Exotic Flora, p. 12.

Fig. 1. Side view of the Lip. 2. Column of fructification. 3. Ditto, the

Anther-¢ase being removed, and exposing the Pollen Masses in situ. 4. A”

Wapuines 5. Front view of the Pollen Masses. 6. Back view of ditto.—

ed,

‘

Pub by

HAA del

( 2764 )

OcTOMERIA GRAMINIFOLIA. GRASS-LEAVED

OcTOMERIA.

KKK EERE EERE ERK

Class and Order.

Gynanpria Monanpria.

( Nat. Ord.—Orcuines. )

Generic Character.

Labellum articulatum cum processu unguiformi, cujus

lateribus petala antica adnata. Masse pollinis 8. Br.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Ocromeria graminifolia; caule elongato unifolio, folio lan-

ceolato, pedunculis geminatis unifloris, radice repente.

Ocromeria graminifolia. Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 5.

p. 211. Spreng. Syst. Veg. v. 3. p. 744.

Erienprum graminifolium. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1353.

Denprosium graminifolium. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 4. p. 135.

RINE graminea repens biflora. Plum. Ic. t. 176.

rad

Descr. Parasitic ? Root creeping, jointed, flexuose,

sheathed with scales, which separate into setaceous fila-

ments in age, and give a curious setose appearance to the

lant: from the under side of this creeping root many

bres descend. Stems several from the upper side of

this root, rising singly from the joints, two or three inches

long, slender, almost filiform, jointed, the articulations

sheathed with scales, which become, at length, setose, as

do those of the root. Leaf solitary, terminating the stem,

r-lanceolate, thick, and coriaceous, with a central

nerve, prominent beneath. At the base of this leaf on the

upper side are a few small, ovate, brownish bractee, from

Whence arise two very short peduncles, and, as well as

the germen, which is not half an inch long, curved, so as to

bear

bear a pendant, solitary flower, of which all the segments

of the perianth are placed in a manner so regular as to ap- —

pear campanulate. Five of these are nearly equal in size

(the petals), pale yellow-green, ovato-acuminate, veinless,

the points a little recurved. The sixth division, or lip, is

oblong, rather obtuse, a little shorter than the petals,

waved, bright-yellow, with two, incurved, lateral, rounded

lobes near the base, and two oblong, bright, red-brown tu-

bercles between them. Column small, yellow, semi-cylin-

drical, a little curved forward. Anther broadly ovate,

covering eight, obovate or clavate, yellow, waxy pollen

masses, attached to a small gland, lying on the base of a

white membrane which covers the top of the stigma.

This very curious orchideous plant, which has much the

habit and mode of growth of a Fern (what we here call the

root being analogous to the stipes, or a creeping stem,)

was introduced to the Royal Gardens at Kew, from the West

Indies, in 1793, by Rear Admiral Buicu. The specimens

from which our figure and description were taken were sent

to the Glasgow Botanic Garden, in 1826, from the island of

St. Vincent, by the Rev. L. Guitpinc. They flower in the

stove in April, and the blossoms yield a delightful fra-

grance, most powerful in the evening.

In the situation of the flowers, at the base of a solitary

leaf, this plant has much affinity with the PLevroTHALuis

ruscifolia, figured in Exotic Flora, t. 197; but, on a care-

ful examination of the flowers, they will be found to be

quite different in structure. Here the petals are all distinct,

and the pollen masses are eight in number, which have

given origin to the generic name, Octomeria.

Fig 1. Flower. 2. The same with the Perianth a little forced back. 3.

Lip. 4. Summit of the Column bearing the Anther. 5. The same, the

Anther lifted up, still attached at the back of the Column, to shew the Pollen

Masses, and the membrane at their base. 6. Pollen Masses :—Al/ more 07

less magnified, :

celine

2765.

WTA del. Fub-byS. CarlisWalworth. Sep? 7.7627 oo

( 2765 )

TRIXIS AURICULATA. AuricuLaTep TRIxis.

Glase.tind: Ordigiitee *:

SyncenesiA Potyeamia ALQUALIs.

( Nat. Ord.—Composirz. Div. Lapiatirtor2. )

Generic Character.

Involucrum polyphyllum, bracteatum. Receptaculum

nudum seu subpilosum. Flosculi omnes equales (bilabi-

ati), labio exteriore trifido, mteriore bifido. Anthere basi

bicalcarate. Pappus sessilis, seaber. Spreng.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Trixis auriculata; fruticosa, foliis sessilibus auriculatis

pubescentibus subtus tomentosis sparse denticulatis,

paniculis axillaribus terminalibusque divaricatis pau-

cifloris. ‘

Perpicium Brasiliense. Graham in Jameson’s New Journ.

of Science, 1827, p. 387.

| Descr. ‘“ Stem woody, round. Bark brown, cracked.

| Branches green, woolly, flexuose. Leaves scattered, at

| length revolute from the apex, sessile, winged, lanceolate,

ciliato-denticulate, pale green, densely pubescent above,

covered with yellowish, short tomentum below, glutinous ;

wings rounded, quite entire, stem-clasping, at first spread-

ing flat, afterwards revolute in their edges. Pedunele ax-

illary, generally supporting three flowers, round, about

half the length of the leaves, spreading, and afterwards

divaricated ; pedicels spreading, at length divaricate, as

Well as the peduncles, pubescent ; one of the pedicels is

generally provided about its middle with a small ovate leaf.

The Peduncles, Pedicels, and reflected Calyx become brown,

and long remain attached to the plant. Flowers nodding :

Calyx persiating, calycled, cylindrical, green, of eight equal

linear-lanceolate keeled scales ; calycle persisting, of five or

six

six unequal, lanceolate leaflets, spreading at the apex.

Corolla white, pubescent on the outside, bilabiate, outer

lip much the largest, reflected, its edges involute, apex

three-toothed : inner lip revolute, cleft to its base; faux

inflated ; tube curved outwards. Anthers brownish-yellow,

extending from the throat to the stigma; spurs two, from

the base of each anther, somewhat waved, nearly as long as

the filaments, and almost colourless: filaments inserted into

the upper part of the tube. Stigma cleft, revolute, yellow;

Style turned at the base, and slightly swelling towards the

stigma, nearly as long as the outer lip of the corolla, white.

Seed long, pubescent, surmounted with a small spreading

saucer, the edges of which support the pappus, and the

style is inserted into a little elevation in the centre: pu-

bescence tubular, and yielding from its extremity a trans-

parent fluid. Pappus sessile, yellow, hair-like, rough,

ae to the limb of the corolla. Receptacle subpilose,

pitted. .

“ This plant was received at the Royal Botanic Garden,

Edinburgh, from Mr. Orro, of Berlin, under the name of

Perpicium Brasiliense ; but, I entirely agree with Dr.

Hooker, that it is a new species, and, I adopt the specific

name which he suggested.” Granam Mss.

Fig. 1. Lower Leaf. 2. Section of the Involucre. 3. Floret. 4. Hair

of the Pappus :—Ail but f. 1. more or less magnified.

fai aaa an 4

‘Lvs we

( 2766)

JUSTICIA VENTRICOSA. Hop-FLOWERED

J USTICIA.

Class and Order.

Dranpria Monoeynia.

5 *

( Nat. Ord.—AcanTHacea. )

Generic Character.

Cal. equalis, 5-raro 4-partitus. Corolla valde irregu-

laris, bilabiata vel ringens, labio inferiore diviso. Stamina

duo, antherifera. Anthere biloculares, loculis insertione:

Sepius inequalibus. Filamenta sterilia nulla v.. obsoleta.

Ovarit loculi dispermi. _ Dissepimentum adnatum. Semina

ts retinaculis subtensa. Br. i

Specific Character and Synonym.

Justicia ventricosa ; fruticosa, foliis oblongo-ovatis inte-

gerrimis glabris, spicis oblongis, bracteis imbricatis

rotundatis venosis, corollis bilabiatis, labiis venosis,

labio superiore ovato subintegro, inferiore trilobo.

Justicia ventricosa. Wallich MSS.

Descr. A shrub, from three to four feet high, every

where quite glabrous, with numerous opposite branches,

the younger ones green, obtusely tetragonal. Leaves op-

posite, large, five to six inches long, on short footstalks,

subcoriaceous, between ovate and oblong, more or less

acute at the extremity, the base attenuated ; the margins

quite entire ; the nerves distinct ; dark green above, paler

beneath. Spikes of flowers terminal upon the numerous

branches, two or four inches long, formed of numerous

imbricated, rounded, convex, entire, veined bractez, each

mclosing about three flowers. Calyx very short, five-par-

tite; the segments erect, subulato-lanceolate. Corolla

Scarcely an inch long ; the tube greenish, a little swollen

& upwards ;

upwards ; the limb two-lipped, whitish, dashed with a few

red spots: upper lip erect, ovate, entire, or a little notched,

plane, having a narrow groove in the centre, in which the

style is lodged, and three parallel nerves on each side:

lower lip broadly ovato-oblong, obtuse, reflexed, promi-

nent in the middle, three-lobed at the extremity, three-

nerved, the central nerve pinnated with oblique veins on both

sides; the lateral ones only on the outside: the nerves are

very prominent on the underside, so as to form pits or hol-

lows between the veins. Stamens two. Filaments white,

shorter than the upper lip, against which they stand : An-

thers of two conduplicate, yellowish-white lobes, of which

one is rounded or hemispherical, the other oblong and acu-

minated ; both containing large globular grains of pollen.

Germen ovate, seated upon a large yellow-green gland,

tapering upwards into a white filiform style: Stzgma simple,

reddish. |

This is a native of China, and was introduced thence to

the Calcutta Botanic Garden by Mr. Reeves, and from Cal-

cutta, seeds were sent to the Messrs. Surepuerps in Liverpool,

in 1825. The plant-flowers in the stove in April. As a

species, it will, perhaps, rank near J. Ecbolium, having a

similar bracteated spike: but the flowers are very different,

and very beautiful in their structure when examined with

a little attention, and with the assistance of a microscope.

Fig. 1. Single Flower. 2. Upper Lip of the Corolla, with a portion of the

Style lodged in the Groove. 3. Lower Lip, seen from the underside. 4.

Anther, 5. Pistil :—All more or less magnified.

smelt tence

swan JE

th By S. Curtis, Walworth, Sept £1827

BSF. ted.

( 2767 )

FXUONYMUS ECHINATA. SPINOUS-FRUITED

SPINDLE-WOOD.

KKKEKEREK EEE EEE EE ERE EE

Class and Order.

PEenTANDRIA Monoeyni.

( Nat. Ord.—Ceastrinz. Br. De Cand. )

Generic Character.

Cal. 4—6 lobus, planus, basi disco peltato tectus. Pet.

4—6 patentia, disco inserta. Stam. 4—6, glandulis supra

discum prominulum inserta, petalis alterna. Stylus 1. Cap-

sula 3—5 locularis, 3—5 angularis, valvis medio septiferis ;

semina in loculis 1—4, pulpa aut arillo involuta. De C.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Evonymus echinata ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis serratis, pe-

dunculis axillaribus filiformibus bis terve dichotomis,

capsulis echinatis, caule scandente radicante glabro.

Evonymus echinata. Wall. in Fl. Indica. v. 2. p. 410.

Evonymus scandens. Graham in Jameson’s Ed. New Phil.

Journ. 1827. p. 386.

Descr. “ Shrub climbing toa great distance. Branches

very long, cylindrical, green, with brown scars, adhering

to every thing in contact with them by long, flattened,

branching, white threads, which, at first, spring in linear

tufts, but afterwards, throughout the whole length of the

branches, and, hanging loose on all sides, conceal these in

an entangled mass. Leaves opposite, and secund on the

barren shoots, somewhat decussating; the older ones sub-

coriaceous ; the younger shining and membranous, bright

green and paler on the back, ovate or ovato-lanceolate,

acuminate, crenato-serrate, the serratures being frequently,

- €specially on the ovate leaves, compound, veins oblique,

and, as well as the middle rib, prominent on both sides,

reticulations

reticulations at the edges, most distinct on the under. Pe-

tioles channelled, approximate on the branches, distichous

on the flowering-shoots (quarter of an inch long) ; sé¢pules

minute, brown, lacerated, one on each side of the petiole ;

buds lanceolate, pointed, covered by imbricated, blunt

scales, some of which are’ persistent on the base of the twig.

Bractee small, awl-shaped, brown, reflected, slightly

fringed, with brown scales at their edges. Peduncles axil-

lary, twice or thrice dichotomous, filiform, angular, straight,

nearly three times as long as the petiole. Calyx very small,

green, tetraphyllous, segments rounded, persisting at every

period concave, and closely applied behind the bases of the

stamens. Corolla yellowish-white, tetrapetalous, petals

rounded, minutely toothed, reflected, attached by small

claws, which are about the length of the calyx, and conceal-

ed. Stamens four; filaments whitish and tapering, scarcely

longer than the claw of the petals, at first erect, afterwards

reflected, inserted into broad, flattened, green bases between

the petals ; anthers yellow, of two roundish lobes as long

as the filaments. Germen flattened, yellowish-green, in-

distinctly warted. Stigma, at first, deep green and sessile,

after the shedding of the pollen, paler, blunt, and conti-

nuous, with a stout furrowed style, equal in length to the

filaments.” Granam. Capsule of the size of a large pea,

flattened at top and bottom, the sides every where clothed

with subulate tough prickles, fewer in Dr. Granam’s spe-

cimens, and much shorter, four-celled, four-seeded.

In addition to the above accurate description of Dr.

Granam, I have little more to observe than, that upon

comparing the specimens here figured from the Edinburgh

Botanic Garden, with original specimens of Dr. WALLICcH’S

Evon. echinata, 1 find them in every particular to corres-

pond ; and, I do not know how Dr. Waxticu, in the Fl.

Indica, could describe the leaves as having nearly trats-

verse nerves, in opposition to those of E. vagans, which are

oblique. This naturally induced Dr. Granam to describe

his plant as a new species received, indeed, from the Cal-

cutta Botanic Garden, and a native of Nepaul. ;

: E. vagans, of FI. Indica, is very closely allied to this,

aving exactly similar oblique veins to the leaves; and, al-

though Dr. Watticu has described the capsules as smooth,

in my specimens, there is sometimes a disposition to be

eCiina

———

Fig. 1.. Back view of a Flower. 2. Disk and Germen, with the Stamens

as they appear when in perfection. 3. Flowers more advanced. 4. Flower

with the petals fallen. 5. Capsule.—All but f. 5, more or less magnified.

pe creel

tenance nce pe a

rr.

Wr Lee crrth, Copel LE 27

Lub. by §. Curtta

WT Edel.

("488")

WITHERINGIA MONTANA. Mountain WI-

THERINGIA, or St. Lorenzo Poraror.

Class and Order.

Pentanpria Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—Soranacez. )

Generic Character.

Cal. urceolatus 4—5-fidus. Cor. campanulato-rotata,

tubo gibboso. Anthere longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Bac-

ca 2-locularis, calyce persistente suffulta. Spr.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Wirnerineia montana ; herbacea, hispido-pilosa, foliis cor-

dato-ovatis obtusis sinuato-repandis, petiolis alatis basi

subauriculatis, racemis axillaribus terminalibusque

paucifloris, radice tuberosa. “e

WrrnerineiA montana. Dunal. Spreng. Syst. Veget.v. 1.

. 676. A,

get montanum. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 514. Ruiz et Pav.

Fl. Peruv. v. 2. p. 33. t. 160. f.6. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 1.

p. 1034. _ Pers. Syn. Pl. v. 1. p. 226.

Soranum Laurentii. Mitchill in Addr. to Hort. Soc. of N.

York. :

Soranum tuberosum minus ; atriplicis folio, vulgo Papa

Descr. Root a roundish or rounded, oblong, thick, fleshy

tuber, about the size of a chesnut, and very similar to those

of our common Potatoe, but bearing a greater quantity of

fibrous radicles. Stems three or four, from the same root,

six inches to a foot in height, decumbent at the base,

rounded, with a few obscure angles, and hispid (less so in

the lower part,) with numerous pellucid, white, succulent,

short hairs, which point upwards. Leaves few, two or three

of them radical, two to three inches long, cordato-ovato, _

obtuse, petiolate, sinuato-lobato at the margin, strongly

nerved, the nerves prominent on the under side, piloso-

hispid: petioles about as long as the leaf ; those of the

Stem distinctly winged at the margin, the wings terminat-

ing

ing in auricles at the base. Racemes almost panicled, few-

flowered, terminal, and, according to Ruiz and Pavon,

lateral, opposite to the leaves. Peduncles long, hispid ;

_ pedicels also long. Calyx hispid, suburceolate, green,

cut into five linear-oblong, obtuse, spreading segments.

Corolla white, rotate, scarcely, except before expansion,

at all campanulate, five-lobed, lobes acute, with five green-

ish rays, and somewhat waved. Stamens five, inserted at

the base of the corolla, connivent. Filaments short, green-

ish: Anthers oblong, two-celled, cells opening longitudi-

nally, deep yellow. Pistil: Germen roundish, small, green:

Style longer than the Stamens, deflexed : Stigma oblongo-

capitate, somewhat glandular, yellow-green.

Our knowledge of this interesting species of WirHERINGIA

or PoraToe in a living state, is due to Dr. Samuet Mrrcuixt,

of New York, a gentleman who has been unwearied]

employed in the promotion of science throughout Nort

America, and who very obligingly communicated some .

tubers to me in the month of February, 1827. They were

gathered on the top of the island of San Lorenzo, in

Callao Bay. These were immediately planted in a pot

and placed in a cool part of the stove of the Botanic Gar-

den ; and in six weeks one of them produced the flowering

stem here figured. It agrees so well with a specimen of

SoLanum montanum in my Herbarium, from Lima, and also

with the figure in Ruiz and Pavon, that I cannot doubt its

being the same, or, I would gladly have adopted the name

under which it is published in the excellent address, above

referred to, by Dr. Mrrenrux, who has laudably distributed

‘it to various countries, in the hopes of its being employed

as the common Potatoe. Commodore Isaac Hutt, says,

that when boiled, the tubers are yellow, and of a good

flavour. Frurtiiz has observed, that the Indians employ

them very much in their soups and ragouts, and Ruiz and

Pavon say, that they are excellent for fattening swine.

In all probability, therefore, especially, seeing that the

plant is a native of elevated and prohaity temperate situa-

tions, about Lima and Chancay, it may be cultivated as

the common Potatoe, and become an useful culinary vege-

table. With the protection of a greenhouse, it may be

easily raised, and is certainly an ornamental plant. The

flowers probably vary much in colour. Ruiz and Payon

_ describe them as blue, whilst Fevrniée says they are rose-

coloured. Qursare white. The vernacular name is Papas

de Lomas and Papa montana. : |

———

————

Fig. 1. Stamen. 2. Pistil—Magnified.

2769. |

a tel an

{

‘

fe. Hl

Seamene |

WT EE del. Pub. by S. Curtis, Wa lwort/y, Semel. 2827.

( 2769 )

ASARUM CANADENSE. CANADIAN ASARABACA,

or WiLp GINGER.

KKK EKER EE EEEK EK EK

Class and Oxdéw:

DoprcanpRIA Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—AnristoLocuiez. )

Generic Character.

Perianthium simplex, superum, coloratum, trilobum.

Anthere \aterales. Stigma 6-lobum. Capsula 6-locularis.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

can dense; foliis gemi atis Or

escentibus, perianthii

uminatis velutinis

v. 1. p.279. Willd.

. 149. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 889. Sweet Br.

3 . 1. t. 95. Spreng. Syst. Veget.v. 2. p.

Asarum Carolinianum. Walt. Fl. Car. p.143.

Asarum latifolium. Salish. Prodr. p. 344.000

i a é

— gate id 3 - — aos.

Descr. Root rounded, creeping, between fleshy and

woody, throwing out long, descending, whitish fibres.

Stem very short, decumbent, rounded, glabrous, sheathed

with three or_ four large, brownish, between fleshy and

membranous, cymbiform scales. From the top of this stem

Spring two leaves, cordato-reniform, often more decidedly

reniform than those here figured, rather obtuse at the point,

the lobes at the base rounded, the sinus very deep, slightly

pubescent on the upper surface, beneath more downy,

the margin indistinctly ciliated ; there are three principal

nerves on each side the midrib springing from the _

and all these are united by numerous reticulations, most

prominent on the underside: colour a very delicate yellow

cage Petioles four to five inches long, terete, very dense-

y hairy, the hairs mostly deflexed. Peduncle solitary,

about one and a half or two inches long, reddish, densely

pubescenti-hirsute, terminated by a single, erect, or inclined

flower. Perianth superior: Segments three, united into an

unceolate or globose tube below, which is white within,

with dark purple lines at the base and at the points of

union, the rest forming three ovato-acuminate lobes, more

or less reflexed, whose upper surface is deep purplish-brown,

and velvety. Stamens twelve, erect, placed upon the top

of the germen, at the base of the style, purple. Filaments

subulate, six longer, placed between the rays of the stigma,

and six shorter, opposite the lobes: Anther lateral, one cell

on each side, opening by a longitudinal cleft. Pollen

yellow. Germen globose, tomentoso-hirsute, six-celled,

each cell many seeded: Style rather short, columnar :

Stigma umbilicate, with six, spreading, rather obtuse rays.

A hardy perennial, cultivated in England, before 1713,

by Bishop Compton, and deserving a place in every collec-

tion, from the singular structure of the flowers, which are,

moreover, brighter coloured than those of our European

species. Some excellent remarks on the medicinal proper-

ties will be found in Dr. Bieetow’s American Medical Bo-

tany. Closely as it is allied to the A. Ewropeum in botanical

character, it does not, like that, act as an emetic. The

aromatic flavour of the root is more agreeable than that of

the Aristotocuta serpentaria, and it is much employed in its

native country as a warm stimulant and diaphoretic. It is

used instead of Ginger by the country people, and hence

its name of Wild Ginger. It is called Snake-root too, from

the similarity of its properties to the Aristotocara just

' mentioned, and Colé’s-foot, probably, from the shape of

the leaf. | .

__It grows in woods, and extends from Canada to Carolina.

With us, its flowering season often begins in April, in N.

America in May, and continues till July.

————

_ Fig. 1. Section of a Flower. 2. Stamen. 3. Style and Stigm 4. Sec-

enti, ene meme

sn: iia i neces eatnitil

felt OY SS Caritc, Walworth. Oct? 11527,

( 2770 )

BANKSIA INTEGRIFOLIA. ENTIRE-LEAVED

BANKSIA.

Class and Order.

TerranpriA Monoeynis.

( Nat. Ord.—Proteacez. )

Generic Character.

Cal. quadripartitus (raro quadrifidus). Stamina apicibus

concavis laciniarum immersa.. Sguamule hypo A

Ovarium biloculare, loculis monospermis. - Folliculus bilo-

cularis, ligneus : Dissepimento libero, bifido. Amentum

flosculorum paribus tribracteatis. Br. aes

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Banksia integrifolia ; foliis verticillatis oblongo-lanceola-

tis integris mucronulatis : subtus venulis reticalantibus

conspicuis, folliculis tomentosis, caule arborea. Br.

Banksia integrifolia. Linn. Suppl. p. 127. Lam. Encycl.

v. 1. p. 369. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 1. p. 535.“ Cavan.

Annal. De Hist. Nat. ». 1. p. 229. Ie.6. p. 30. t. 546.”

Pers. Syn. Pl. 2.1. p.116. Brown in Linn. Trans.

v. 10. p. 206. Prod. p. 393. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2.

v. 1. p.215. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 1. p.485. Gra-

ham in Jameson New Journ. of Sc. 1827, p.

Banxsta spicata. Gaertn. de Fruct. v. 1.

Banksia oleefolia. Cav. Annal. de His

p. 30. t. 545. et B. glauca. Car

I. p. 230. Ic. 6. p. 31%. (fide £

ieee

- Descr. “ Trunk erect. ‘Bark dark and |

at first, erect, ultimately spreading, covered with soft, yel-

lowish pubescence when young. Buds in whorls, but gene-

rally all, excepting one or two, abortive. Leaves petiolated,

te, dry, stiff, undulated,

subverticillated or scattered, lig ule

Ss ue green

green and naked above, below, covered with white tomen-

tum, through which many small reticulated veins appear ;

when young covered with yellow tomentum on both sides,

sinuato-serrated, occasionally entire, serratures mucronate,

middle-rib prominent behind. Flowers terminal, head two

to three inches long, less than half the length of the leaves,

which are generally crowded at the base. Calyx silky.

We have a plant which has not yet flowered, but which

I can consider only a variety, that is more vigorous in its

growth ; the trunk swollen into joints; the branches more

erect ; the leaves more decidedly verticilled ; more of them

entire, and many of them lanceolate, having evident nearly

transverse primary veins, the pubescence on the young

shoots being red-brown.” Graham.

Introduced to our gardens, from the neighbourhood of

_ Port Jackson, in 1788, by Mr. Tuomas Warson : but,

cording to Hortus Kewensis, it does not appear to have

flowered when the second edition of that work was pub-

lished. Our drawing was made from a fine plant which

flowered at the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, in May, 1827.

The seeds had been sent to Dr. Graham, in 1819, by Mr.

Fraser. Both from Dr. Granam and Mr. Brown’s obser-

vations on the species, it seems to be liable to much varia-

tion: the latter gentleman indeed observes, “ Species poly-

morpha, cui nimis affines sunt B. insularis et compar.”

Fig. 1. Two F owers, with their bractee. 2. i rtion of

the leaf to shew the reticulatio ns.—Magni 7 a Remcee of * pore

atime ™

ee iano

( 2771 ) |

MIRBELIA GRANDIFLORA. Lanegasrewniied

Midas... tF 3 eae

CS Se a

Class and Order.

_ Decanpria Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—Lecuminoss. )

Generic Character.

_Cal. 5-fidus, bilabiatus. Legumen dispermum, longitu-

dinaliter biloculare, sutura utraque superiore presertim

introflexa. D.C. i Mecmes

Specific Character and Synonym.

MrirseEwia Mina ate ; pubescens, foliis alternis ovato-

lanceolatis, floribus axillaribus binis.

Mirsexia grandiflora. Aiton MSS.

_ Descr. Apparently a small shrub, hairy or pubescent

in all its parts, except the corolla. Leaves an inch long,

on very short petioles, ovato-lanceolate, indistinctly reti-

culated with close nerves, dark-green above, paler beneath.

Flowers axillary, in pairs, on extremely short pedicels.

Calyx of two lips; the upper cut into two short teeth, the

lower into three longer, lanceolate ones, very hairy on the

outside. Vexillum broadly obcordate, subunguiculate,

bright yellow, striated, having a deep red horse-shoe-shaped

mark, waved at the margin. Ale oblongo-falcate, yellow,

with a red blotch on one side. Carina of two, oblong,

concave, unguiculate petals, united at the extremity. Sta-

mens ten, free, unequal: Filaments subulate: Anthers

oblong. Pistil: Germen ovate, hairy. Style ascending, —

short. Stigma capitate. Legume having the outer coat

. €asily separating from its interior substance, which is two-

valved, bearing two black, shining, kidney-shaped cat

Of this interesting species of Mirgezia, having yellow

flowers, I know nothing, except from the beautiful drawing

kindly communicated to me, by W. T. Arron, Esq. from

Kew Gardens. ‘The seeds were sent from the Blue Moun-

tams in New South Wales, by Mr. Attan Cunninenam,

in 1823.

De Canpotte considered blue flowers to be characteristic

of the genus; but in this, and in another species, we find,

that the flowers are yellow, whilst every other characteristic

is perfectly that of Mirsexi.

Fig. 1. Flowering specimen. 2. Specimen in fruit (outline only). 3. Calyx.

4. Vexillum. 5. Ale. 6. Carina. 7. Stamens surrounding the Pistil. 8.

Pistil. 9. Upperside of a Capsule. 10. Underside of ditto. 11. The same

deprived of its outer integument. 12. Seeds——All but 1. and 2. more or

less magnified. .

iam tiie.

N. 2772.

Swan St

Pub by Ps) S, Z i Zt 2.

Curtrs, Walworth “d

4 Of, LPR

JDy » 7, ” Z. Fo .

(2772 )

HUTCHINSIA STYLOSA. SWEET-SCENTED

LONG-STYLED HUvuTCcHINSIA.

SKK EEE KEE EEE EERE KEKE EEK

Class and Order.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

( Nat. Ord.—Crucirer=. )

Generic Character.

Silicula elliptica, valvis navicularibus, apteris ; loculis

at a a polyspermis. Calyx equalis. Petala equa-

SR La ES ee eat

Specific Character and § non

Hurcaimsia siylosa ; foliis subcarnosis, inferioribus petio-

latis obovato-oblongis subintegris, caulinis oblongis,

staminibus petala et stylo siliculam subequantibus.

D'@* pate

Hurcuinsia stylosa. D.C. Syst. Veg. v.2. p. 387. D.C.

Prodr. 2.1. p. 177. Spreng. Syst. Veg. v. 2. p. 863.

Igeris stylosa. ‘ Tenore, Prodr. Fl. Neap. XXXVI.”

Tuxasrr1 minimum. Arduin. Specim. 2. p. 37. t. 15. f. 1.?

(D.C.) 7 1

aise

Descr. A small, tufted growing plant, not above two

or three inches high, and scarcely more than biennial in its

duration. Root subfusiform, fibrous. Stems, two or three

from the same root, and not unfrequently throwing up

innovations from near the base. Leaves dark green, some-

what fleshy, quite glabrous, the radical ones the largest,

and (as are those of the young shoots) more or less petio-

lated, slightly toothed, oblong or obovate, those of the

main stems oblong, sessile, scarcely toothed, almost am-

plexicaul. Flowers in crowded corymbs of a most delight-

ce. Cal. of four, elliptical, nearly erect, concave

“

_ leaflets, green, the margin scariose, purple. Petals ob-

long

gee

long, waved, patent, clawed, purple or rose colour, equal

in length. Stamens, four longer and two shorter, almost

equalling the petals in length: Filaments purple. Anthers

oval, deep purple: Pollen bright yellow. Germen ellip-

tical, slightly compressed: Style longer than the germen,

and nearly equal to the petals, green. Stigma obtuse,

scarcely dilated. Silieula oblongo-obcordate, nearly plane

above, more convex beneath: Valves keeled: Dissepiment

semi-ovate. Each cell has about five seeds, which are pen-

dent, and attached to the marginal receptacle, broadly-

oval, brown.

An inhabitant of stony and rocky places in the more

elevated of the Neapolitan mountains. The seeds from

which our plants were raised, were sent, by its discoverer,

Professor T'znore of Naples, to the Glasgow Botanic Gar-

den. Flowers have now been produced in the months of

March and April, for two successive years, from the same

roots, kept under a common frame, in pots. We trust to

prove, that it is sufficiently hardy to bear our winters; and

that it may be cultivated like our more common hardy alpine

plants, to which it will make a most valuable addition:

the blossoms being both shewy and fragrant ; the fragrance

more resembling that of the Hetiorrors than any thing I

“can compare it with. Professor De Canpotte says the

flowers are white, probably judging from dried specimens.

They are with us always of a fine purplish rose-colour.

Fig. 1. Plants natural size. 2. Single flower, with the Petals scarcely

expanded. 3. Flower fully expanded. 4. Stamens and Pistil. 5 Silicula.

6. Ditto, with one of the Valves, separating and shewing the situation of the

Seeds, 7. Seed.—All more or less magnified. .

M2773.

— SEAR. PEAR eons ae 2

Mare See

Pab.by §.Curtis, Walworth, Catt 186i.

7. bet

(9778 +)

ONCIDIUM PULCHELLUM. ELeGant ONcIDIUM.

Class and Order.

Gyiawori Monanpria.

( Nat. Ord.—OrcuipeEz. )

Generic Charkcté>.

Labellum explanatum, lobatum, basi bituberculatum.

Petala patentia (2 antica nunc connata). Colwmna alata.

Masse pollinis 2, postice bilobe ; medio affixe {processu

communi stigmatis. Br.

Specific Character.

Oncip1um pulchellum ; floribus racemosis secundis, petalis

ovalibus subunguiculatis, duobus anticis connatis _

lineari-spathulatis, labello quadrilobo, lobis rotunda-- __

tis equalibus, foliis acute carinato-triquetris. =

Descr. Parasitic. Roots flexuose, whitish, branched.

White, with two delicate, rose-coloured, obovate, spreading,

} slightly

slightly reflexed wings. Anther-case ovate, acute, white.

Pollen masses two, ovate, two-lobed at the back, fixed to a

linear, white pedicel, which has a small gland at the base.

A native of Demerara, where it was discovered growing

upon trees, by C. S. Parker, Esq. and from plants sent by

him to the Liverpool Botanic Garden, which flowered in

June, 1827, the accompanying figure was taken.:

_ The absence of the bright yellow of the blossoms of

many Oncrp1a, is compensated in this by great delicacy ;

the ground of the flower being pure white. There are a few

orange-coloured spots near the base of the large, four lobed

lip, and the wings of the column are rose-coloured. In

habit it approaches the Ionrp1um of Exotic Flora (Ionop-:

sis of Kuntu.).

Fig. 1. Back view of a Flower. 2. Front view of ditto. 3. Column and

base of the Lip. 4. Column, from which one Wing and the Anther-case have

ma 5. Anther-case. 6, Pollen Mass.—All more or less mag-

nified. :

SC 27/4 +)

SCILLA EscuULENTA. 8. fl. albo. Escunent

Squitx or Camass; white-flowered variety.

Class and Order.

| ¥ Hexanpria Monoeynia.

( Nat. Ord.—Aspuovetes. )

Generic Character.

Cor. 6-petala, patens, decidua. Flam. filiformia, peta-

lorum basi adnexa.

Speeifie C tastes and Synonyms.

Scitta esculenta ; bulbosa, seapo foliis linearibus carinatis

longiore, petalis lineari-oblongis basi contractis, 5

subascendentibus, infimo deflexo.

(a.) flore ceruleo.

Scinza esculenta. Gawler in Bot. Mag. t. 1574.

Puataneium esculentum. Nutt. in Fraser. Cat. 1813.

Nutt. Gen. of N. Am. Pl.v.1.p.219.

Puataneirum Quamash. Pursh. Fl. N. Am. v. 1. p. 226.

Anruericum esculentum. Spreng. — a ee v. 2. p. SA.

(8) flore albo. ¢. ei

‘ }

ps: ae

aimee

hick: Bulb ofuted siveea with a teow liek. Pieiee

eight to ten inches, or almost a foot long, linear, grooved,

somewhat carinated, rather acute, attenuated at the base,

bluish green. Scape perfectly naked, from a foot toa foot

and a half, and even, in the wild specimens, two feet high,

rounded, terminate by a raceme of from ten to “xn i

dshewy. Pe

short, horizo’ ar subulate bractea,

longer than tk Corolla of six ne an inch

long, slightly i efore expansion, and then form-

ing a clavate bi t on the upper side, but gibbous

' iY @ pure white, spreading horizon-

es tally

tally, but not equally, for the five upper petals are more

inclined upwards, and stand nearer to each other than the

lower one, which is deflexed, and, as it were, apart from the

rest: each is linear-oblong, somewhat concave, a little

keeled on the back, faintly striated, at the base a little

waved, and contracted into a sort of claw or unguis, and

there having the sides conduplicate. The petals remain,

as well as the stamens, till the fruit advances to maturity.

Filaments as long as the corolla, slender, white, inserted

into the base of the petals. Anthers versatile, oblong,

yellow. Germen obtusely trigonal, roundish, three-celled ;

ovules placed in two rows, in the centre, in the internal

angle of each cell. Style filiform, as long as the stamens.

Stigma minutely and unequally trifid. The ripe fruit I

have not seen.

I have given a description of this interesting and very

desirable plant, because, although the blue-flowered state

of it is already published at tab. 1574 of this. work, yet,

in the shape and size of those blossoms, there is a con-

siderable difference from those here figured. Our blue and

white-flowered varieties agree in every thing excepting

colour. It will be at once seen by Mr. Gawter’s figure,

that the flowers there are not half so large as these; nor is

the irregularity of the petals there observed, which is so

striking in our plant, and is indicated even in the bud : so

that, probably, this irregularity, taken in conjunction with

the peresiget corolla, will, at some future time, when we.

shall be better acquainted with the fruit, cause this plant

to be separated from Scizxa, no less than from PHaLaANGIuM.

and AnrHericum, with which it has, by some authors, been

placed. |

Our roots were brought from the shores of the Columbia,

on the North-west coast of America, by Dr. ScouLer, in

1826, and being planted in a border, and covered with a

frame, the flowers, both blue and white, were produced in

May, 1826. Two blossoms only seemed to be in perfection

at a time, and those continued but for one day, when two

more expanded, and so on in succession. _ "

The roots are eaten by various Indians on the North-.

west coast of America: and a kind of cake, which Dr.

Scouter met with among the natives of the Columbia, is.

supposed to be made of them.

Fig. 1. Petal and Ditinke. 2. Back view of “ ee 3. Pistil. 4

Section of the Germen.—Magnified. ie gas .

Sw anse:

P2b. By J: Curtis. Walworth, Oct?” L887.

AG Fai?

( 2775.)

CALCEOLARIA PURPUREA. PURPLE-FLOWERED

SLIPPER WORT.

Class and Order.

Dianpria Monocynia.

( Nat. Ord.—Scropuuarina. )

Generic Character.

Cal. 4-partitus. Cor. bilabiata, labium inferius inflatum,

calceiforme. Caps. semi-bivalvis, valvulis bifidis.

Specific Character.

CaLcEOLARIA purpurea; herbacea, caulibus erectis ramosis,

foliis venoso-rugosis hispidis, radicalibus cuneato-spa-

thulatis serratis postice integerrimis subacutis, cau-

linis cordatis superioribus minoribus integerrimis, co-

rymbis terminalibus multifloris. Graham.

CatceoLaria purpurea. Graham MSS.

Descr. Stems in our plants, many from the same root,

erect, pubescent. Root-leaves spathulato-cuneate, somewhat

acute, with a strong middle rib, veined, wrinkled, with a

few long, scattered hairs on the surface. Stem-leaves cor-

date, broad, decussating, more entire than the root-leaves,

uppermost pair nearly smooth, and quite entire. Corymbs

terminal: bractee two, ovate, at the base of the corymb.

Pedicels numerous, slightly bent, filiform. Calyx: segments

ovate, pubescent. Corolla rather small, of an uniform

reddish-violet colour, upper lip nearly half the size of the

lower, which is doubly furrowed. Graham MSS.

The seeds were received, both at the Edinburgh and

Glasgow Botanic Gardens, in December, 1826, from Mr.

CruicxsHAnxs, who collected them in the Cordillera. The

habit of the plant is quite that of the CaLcroxaria corym-

bosa, next which it should be placed, and it seems to require

the same treatment. It flowered at the iaolargs Bev!

tanic

—

Botanic Garden, in the beginning of August, 1827. Gra-

ham MSS.

Mr. CrurcxsHanxs has been so obliging as to send me,

besides the seeds of this curious Catceoraria, beautifully

dried specimens, gathered below Los Ojos del Aqua, a

high pass in the Cordilleras, on the route from St. Jago de

Chili, to Mendoza. In these, the hairs are all glandular,

and in the upper part of the stem glutinous. The leaves

are variable, more or less cordate on the stem; more

or less decidedly tapering into a footstalk at the root ; and

more or less istinctly toothed, sometimes even almost

laciniated, at the margin. The flowers are greatly smaller

than in C. corymbosa, the upper lip quite entire, the lower

one not pendent, but standing out horizontally, so as almost

to close the mouth.

Fig. 1. Back view of a Flower. 2, Front view of ditto. 3. Stamens. 4.

Pistil—All but fig. 1, more or less magnified.

ie,

Aye sa le ean

GESNERIA VERTICILLATA. VERTICILLATE)

GESNERIA.

Class and Order. —

_. Diprnamia ANGIosPERMIA. st

( Nat. Ord.—Gesnerizz. ) . z: "i

Generic Character.

Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. tubuloso-campanulata, limbo $.

Stigma bilobum. Capsula monolocularis, bivalvis, placen-

tis parietalibus bilamellatis. Spreng. —

Specific Character.

Gesneria verticillata ; herbacea foliis verticillatis quaternis

ovatis serratis pubescenti-mollibus petiolatis, pedun-

culis terminalibus unifloris, floribus nutantibus infun-

dibuliformi-cylindraceis, ore quinquefido subzquali,

laciniis extus basi 5-tuberculatis. ;

Descr. Stem about a foot high, subcylindrical, green,

pubescent, somewhat tuberous at the base, simple. Leaves

in two(or more ?) distant whorls, each of four lea

aves, which

are spreading, or reflexed, ovate approaching to cordate,

petiolated, dark green, clothed with a soft pubescence,

much veined, midrib at the base, and on the under side, as

~ well as the lateral nerves, wholly red, the margin strongly

serrated, the extremities of the older leaves very coarsely

and doubly so. Petioles about one-third of the length of

the leaves (those of the upper whorl much less so, thick,

red, pubescent, grooved above. Peduneles two (or more ?)

from the extremity of the stem, and from the centre of the

upper whorl of leaves, three to four inches long, red, single-

flowered, below erect, then pendent, slender, pubescent.

Flower altogether drooping. Calyx half superior, of five

= teeth

teeth, erect, lanceolate, green. Corolla between two and

three inches long, tubular, somewhat funnel-shaped, the

base having five vesicular swellings, throughout pubes-

cent; the colour is reddish, inclining to purple, with several

longitudinal series of brown streaks towards the extremity.

The mouth is cut into five obtuse short lobes, nearly equal,

scarcely spreading, the two upper the smaller, standing

close together, and, as it were, forming the superior lip;

on the outside, at the sinus of each lobe, is a rounded

tubercle. Stamens four: the Anthers united into one body,

bearing much white pollen. Pistil : Germen half inferior,

the upper part gradually tapering into the filiform style, as

jong as the corolla. Stigma obtuse. At the base of the

germen, on the upper side, are two large yellow glands.

This very beautiful and graceful Gusneria is distin-

guished by many points from the hitherto described species

of the genus. It was kindly communicated from the rich

collection of Mrs. Arnotp Harrison of Aighburgh, having

been sent to her, by her brother, Wit11am Harrison, Esq.

from the hills about Rio de Janeiro. It of course requires

the heat of the stove, and is a plant in every way deserv-

ing of more extended cultivation.

Fig. 1. Summit of a Flower, shewing the Stamens and top of the Sty!e.

2. Base of the Corolla. 3. Base of the Germen, Calyx, and Glands (two of

the — of the Calyx being cut away to shew the Glands).—Slightly

magne

4.2777.

WOTEL Lub. Er XS Curtis WalworthiNor 1182 7,

e La APE SO.

(947 5 Juss

BARBACENIA PURPUREA. PuURPLE=-FLOWERED

BARBACENIA.

KER KK EEK EEE EEK EERE EK

Class and Order.

Hexanpria Monoeynta.

( Nat. Ord—Hazmoporez. Br. )

Generic Character.

Perianthium corollinum, ovario adnatum, infundibuli-

forme, sexfidum. Filamenta bifida, antheras dorso affixas

in divisione (non semper) gerentia. Capsula trilocularis,

polysperma. Mart.

Specific Character.

Barpacenia purpurea ; foliis lineari-acuminatis carinatis

spinuloso-serratis, scapo foliis longiore, ovario elon-

gato lineatim tuberculato, antheris basi filamentorum,

affixis.

Descr. Caudex scarcely any, divided in a dichotomous

manner, bearing a few striated, brownish scales, and nume-

rous, linear, somewhat spirally inserted, acuminated, flexu-

ose and slightly twisted, carinated, striated, rigid leaves ;

their margins are beset with many, but rather distantly

placed, minute, spinous teeth, pointmg upwards; the bases

are sheathing. Scape much longer than the leaves, obtusely

trigonal, scabrous upwards, single-flowered. Flower erect,

moderately large, of a beautiful purple colour. Peta/s six,

united into a tube at the base, lanceolate, the three outer

narrower, reflexed, much acuminated, obscurely striated,

the three inner broader, waved, more erect, acute, veined ;

at the mouth of the tube, are six broadly linear, petaloid,

bifid, purple filaments, opposite the petals, at the base of

which, by the lower part of its back, is fixed the linear,

erect: Anther, two celled, enclosing a white pollen, shorter

‘than the filaments. Pistil: Germen inferior, oblong or

subclavate, greenish, with six lines of purplish tubercles,

and scabrous, with minute elevated dots between them. A

transverse section of this germen, shews three cells, essa

: | large

large cordate perforated dissepiments, and between, in each

cell, two vertical plates, covered at their margins, the whole

way down, with numerous oblong ovules. Style reaching

as high as the anthers, acuminated, trigonal, purple, having

below the point three oblong, white glands, which repre-

sent the stigmata.

BarBaceniA was so named by Vanpexu, in honour of

Bargacena, a governor of Minas Geraes, in Brazil. The

species, however, of that author seems to be very imper-

fectly known. Drs. Sprx and Martius discovered twelve

species during their travels in Brazil, inhabiting mountains

of micaceous schist and other primitive rocks, in dry barren

places, at an elevation of from one thousand to five thou-

sand five hundred feet above the level of the sea, and

between the fourteenth and twenty-third parallels of south

latitude. Although a smaller race of plants, they seem in

to be very nearly allied to the VeLuosim, which in-

habit similar places in Brazil, and which by their curiously

branched and spreading trunks with terminal tufts of leaves

(not much unlike some of the Axozs, especially the A. di-

chotoma,) and liliaceous flowers, give a peculiar aspect to

their native districts. Of the twelve species of BarpacEnts

known to M. M. Sprx and Marrivus, six only are yet de-

scribed by them in the Nova Genera et Species Planta-

rum Brasiliensium. With none of those species does the

present one accord, and which, I believe, is the first that

has ever been known in a state of cultivation. The seeds

were gathered from a bundle of Brazilian moss by the

Honorable and Reverend Wituiam Herserr of Spofforth ;

and some young plants being sent to Lord Mimron’s col-

lection at Wentworth House, they were there brought to

flower under Mr. Cooper’s judicious management, when a

beautiful specimen was communicated to me in the month

of August, 1827.

‘The caudex or stem, Mr. Coorzr observes, is very short,

and, probably, only arises from the old leaves falling away

from the lower part of the plant. At present the young

plant bears few flowers ; but an old plant, with its nume-

rous blossoms, which, it would no doubt produce, of a deep

and lively purple colour, must have a very beautiful effect ;

and, it will be acknowledged to be a most valuable and

interesting addition to our stoves. :

it is to be increased by dividing the plant, and it like-

wise promises to ripen its seeds.

————————

Fig. 1. Flower cut open, 2. Stamen. 3. Back view of the Anther. 4.

Style and Stigma. 5, Section of the Germen,—Al more or less magnified.

- a enn tone ciel ae —_ = ————————a—————==

a ee —

Zé

vel ldé/.

Me.

Kalworth

ELS.

WT. Zael?

HELIANTHUS PUBESCENS. ILLINOIS SuN-

FLOWER.

Class and Order. gp

SYNGENESIA PotyGaMra F'RUsTRANEA.

(Nat. Ord —Composire. y

Gehiric Character.”

Involucrum. Arteiatint, squamis subsquarrosis. Rec,

oe ~Pappus diphyllus. Spreng.

pet ifc Character and Synonyms.

Ply

HituxstasaDcon ; foliis oppositis sessilibus semi-

amplexicaulibus ovato-lanceolatis crenato-serratis hir-

sutiusculis supra asperis subtus pubescenti-scabris,

caule piloso scabro, squamis involucri lineari-lanceo-

latis pubescentibus ciliatis.

Hewantuus pubescens. Vahl Symb. v. 2. p. 92? Willd.

. Pl. v. 3. p. 3240? Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 5. p.

127. Pursh "rl N. Amv. 2. p. 570. Elhott Sketch

we tts #2 of S. Carol. and Geos. v. We - % Bot.

t. 524. r st. Veget. v

> Ninoliiehs lane on 7A cyohie: Sh ‘st Willd. Sp.

Re eee "9940. Pursh Fl, .N. Am. v. 2. p. 572.

Te Sketeh ke wae of 8. Carol. and Georg. v. 2. p.

Hexranravs canescens. \ Mich. Fl. Bor. Am, ». 2, p. 140.

cee ise tome Mich. Fh; Bor. Am. v. 2. * M41.

Ceenin

Disch. Lonnie 16 alee plat, the bess rising to

the height ea ‘scabrous, with shortish rigid hairs

below, above more tomentose and less rough, divided at

the summit i into a panicle-of flowers. Leaves opposite, ex-

-_ the uppermost ones, where they seem rather to take

— of bractez, ovato-lanceolate, sessile, semiamplex-

at the base, and _— connate, the largest as pe

as the human hand, the upper ones gradually smaller, ra-

ther indistinctly crenato-serrate at the margin, every where

clothed with short hairs, which, on the upper side, are more

scattered, rigid, tuberculated at the base, and occasioning

that side to be very scabrous to the touch; the under side

is far less rough, and the hairs are closer set and softer, and

give a tomentose or rather pubescent character ; two of the

lateral nerves, especially in the lower leaves, are longer

than the rest, but they do not spring from the base, and the

term “ folia triplinervia” can hardly with propriety be ap-

plied to them. The whole texture of the leaves is thickish

and rigid; the colour a full green, paler beneath. Flowers

. terminal in panicles, large, handsome. Peduncles three to

six inches long, with alternate, lanceolate, nearly entire

leaves, or bracterx. Involucre of many imbricated, subu-

late, or linear-lanceolate, very dark coloured, almost black

scales ; two or three of the outer lax and spreading, slightly

downy, the margins more so, and ciliated. Florets of the

Ray sixteen to eighteen, ligulate, striated, bi-tridentate at

the extremity : their germen abortive, destitute of pappus.

Florets of the centre very numerous, tubular, deep yellow,

brown on the outside. Pappus of two, chaffy, subulate

scales. Receptacle with linear, chaffy scales, as long as the

florets, and carinated, pubescent at the back, near the top.

According to the author of the Botanical Register, this

plant is the true Hex, pubescens of Hort. Kew. and of

Pursu ; and it may be that of Winipenow ; but the cha-

racters in none agree satisfactorily with our plant. It is

perhaps very variable; and hence, have arisen the appear-

ances which have given origin to the supposed species H.

mollis, canescens, and tomentosus, which Mr. Gawter has,

perhaps, justly enough referred to our plant.

It appears to be common in the Southern states of N.

America, in S. Carolina and Georgia, in the Illinois coun-

try, Kentucky, and Tenessee; and, indeed, in dry seasons,

in the swamps throughout Pensylvania and Virginia.

{t deserves a place, from its large showy flowers, in every

garden, being perfectly hardy. Seeds were sent by Mr.

Nurrauz from N. America to Mr. Barcxay at Bury Hill, in

whose age they produced flowers, in the autumn of 1825.

From those plants.our drawing and description were made.

Fig. 1. Floret of the Ray. 2. Floret of the Dise. 3. Scalé of the Recep-

tacle.— Magnified,

mie ei ——

elt Lao. by J. Curtes WelworithNov lle? 7.

( 2779 )

TRIFOLIUM ALPESTRE. NARROW- ~ LEAVED

ROUND-HEADED CAAVEH.

Lass and Diller. £24. %

DiApELPHIA oS Baer |

( Nat. Ord.—Leeuminosz. )

Generic. Character.

Flores capitato-spicati. Cor. Tepetala, persistens. Le-

gumen \-spermum, cireumscissum, Wigs tectum, s. 2—3

Terme y rene. | |

See

» Speeifi Character and aims

Trirotium alpestre ; ¢ ‘ capitulis”“densis Sibelobosis sessili-

bus, ecalyce hirsuto dente infimo tubum corolle

_ equante, stipulis nervosis: setaceo-acuminatis, foliolis

~ Jan is ciliato -serrulatis. venoso - striatis, caule

stricto subsimplici. oe

Trirouium alpestre. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1082. Jacq. Obs.

we. Ail. oe t. 64. Fl. Austr. v. 5. p. 1b. ¢. 433.

All. Ped. p. 304. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 3. p 1368.

Afz. in inn: “hans. v. 1. p. 234. Ait. Hort. Keio: ed.

2. v. 4. p. 384. “De Cand. Syst. Veget. v. 2. P. 194.

Spreng. ie all v. 3. p. et

_ Descr. Root lon and creeping ea fro1

inches to a foot in height, erect, quite eight, rounded,

green, scarcely pubescent, simple, ora little branched at

the base. Leaves ternate: leaflets la

hairy, beautifully striated, with close p ar

veins, the margins minutely serrated,

short.. Stipules large, am lexicaul, heathing, united at

the base, somewhat inflated, scariose, with purplish veins,

terminating in lot awl-shaped points, pu

roundish, or bri y-oval,..s imes

and sessile, of — densely-placed, purple flowers. Calyx

greenish, white and scariose, hairy, five-toothed, two short

teeth on each side, and the lowermost as long as the tube

of the corolla, all setaceous and purple. Petals conjoined.

Vexillum cylindrical for a great part of its length, spread-

ing upwards, and but little longer than the ale and carina.

A most elaborate history of this species of Clover or Tre-

foil is given by Professor Arzexius, in the first volume of

the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. It is

a native of subalpine countries, in various, especially the

southern parts of the continent of Europe, and was culti-

vated, according to the Hortus Kewensis, in the Gardens of

Britain before 1789. It is perfectly hardy, and is a very

desirable plant ; its heads of flowers being of a peculiarly

rich and bright purple. With us, in the Glasgow Botanic

Garden, it flowers in the month of June.

Fig. l. Flower.—Magnified.

eres SS.

LAO BF SC "EP LES,

Kalworthe, Novi lled/-

( 2780 )

OMALANTHUS POPULIFOLIA. PopLAR-LEAVED

OMALANTHUS.

Class and Order.

Monezora MonapDELpuia.

( Nat. 1 a )

Generic Character.

Flores racemosi, inferiores feeminei. _ ‘

Masc. Perianthium bilobum. Stamina 3—6, basi mo-

nadelpha. |

Fam. Pendens. Perianthium in mare. Stylus bipar- |

titus. Capsula ovalis, bivalvis, bilocularis, loculis mono-

spermis. _ Semen pendens arillo pulposo tectum.

Specific Name : 0 Synonyms. neg

Omaxantuus populifolia. Graham in Jameson’s New Ed.

Journ. of Science, 1827, p. 175.

Omaxantuus leschenaultianus? Juss. (Adr.) Tent. de Euph.

t. 16. f. 53. (sine ult. descr.) f

~Descr. A shrub (or probably in its native climate, a

_ tree) having attained the height of ten or twelve feet in the —

stove of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, much branched ;

the older branches covered with a glabrous greyish bar!

the younger ones reddish, glabrous, as is every part of the

plant. Leaves alternate, on long, red, filiform, slender

stalks, which have a gland at their extremity on the uppe

side; at first enclosed within two lanceolate, greenish sti-_

pules, which soon fall away, rhombeo-ovate, somewhat

acuminate, quite entire at the margin, and there often

bordered with red, especially at the base; image, and just.

before their fall, they turn of a fine orange red, the under

- side much paler, nerves parallel, transversely oblique, often

reddish; on the underside reticulated with ital ler_ones.

Racemes terminal, from two to four inches long. Female

flowers (four or five) occupying the lower part, solitary,

pendant, having a broad green bractea at the base, with a

gland on each side. Pedicel curved downwards, so ae

i - ‘

the flower is drooping. Perianth cup-shaped, two-lobed,

or shortly two-lipped, pale green, embracing the lower

half of the pistil. Germen oblong, green, tapering into a

bipartite style, whose divisions are linear, and recurved :

the stigma appears to constitute a gland or disk on the

underside, just beneath the extremity. Male flowers nu-

merous, very small, generally in threes, of which the central

one is on the largest pedicel, and has the most stamens (six),

while the lateral ones have only three or four stamens, all

included in a bractea resembling that of the female flower.

Perianth small, green, membranous, cup-shaped, rather

compressed, two-lobed. Filaments united at the base in

one row. Anthers large, didymous, granulated, at first.

yellow, at length each lobe bursts with a vertical fissure

and becomes green. As the germens advance to maturity,

the axis of the raceme which supported the male flowers

falls off, and the fruit reaches to the size of a large pea,

oval, terminated by the bifid style. Before it is quite ma-

ture, the pericarp is green and fleshy, marked with a suture

on each side, where it evidently opens. There are two

cells, each bearing one brown, pendent seed, enveloped in

a white, pulpy, semipellucid arillus. Albumen copious,

white. Embryo small, compressed, imbedded in the upper

cont of the albumen, the radicle pointing to the scar of the

seed.

This plant has much affinity with Srittyneta sebifera.

A comparison of the flowers, however, soon enabled me to

refer it to the genus Omaantuus of the excellent Memoir

of the younger Jusstev, on the Eurnorsiacez. His speci-

mens were in an imperfect and a dried state, which will

account for the trifling difference in his figure and mine.

Native of New Holland, whence seeds were communi-

cated by Mr. Fraser to Dr. Granam, in 1824. The plants

__ flowered in the stove of the Botanic Garden of Edinburgh,

~ in June, 1827. :

My wild specimens were sent to me from Java, by M.

_ SPANOGHE.

be een

Fig. 1. Male Tivees and their Bractea. 2. Male Flower spread open to

show the Stamens. 3. Young Anther. 4. Old ditto. 5. Female flower and

Bractea. 5. Style and Stigma. 6. Section of Capsule. 7. Section of a

Seed enclosed in its pulpy Arillus or Coat,—More or less magnified. —

tia

ee elinadieenel

—

Swamse

L#e, B CUPL, Waeleor

oF wo ¢ ct

2t5, Walworl?

Creretl

ttle del =

( 2781.)

OXALIS BIPUNCTATA. 'T'wo-spoTTeD Woop-

‘

SORREL. Ss bY 4 oe er

SEEK EEE EEE EERE EEK EEK

Class and Order.

DecanpriA Penraceynia.

( Nat. Ord.—Oxariex. )

Generic Character.

Cal. pentaphyllus, Pet. 5. Stamina alterna longiora,

Capsula 5-gona, 5-locularis, 5-valvis, seminibus arillatis

ad angulos loculorum fixis. Spreng. :

_ Specific Character.

Oxauis bipunctata ; scapo multifloro petiolis vix longiori

compresso petiolisque pubescentibus, foliis ternatis,

foliolis rotundato-obcordatis subtus pubescentibus su-

pra subnudis, petiolis cylindraceis, sepalis obtusius-

culis apice bimaculatis, staminibus 5 stylos superanti-

bus. Graham Mss. . :

htly compressed, somewhat irregu-

4 oe el into three branches,

netimes again divided, though generally

the flowers proceed directly from the extremities, on long,

round, spreading pedicels. Pedicels of the bud none.

s >

of the fruit reflected. Braciea at the primary division of

the scape, a short entire sheath, at the secondary, divided

into small leaflets, placed one on the outside of each pedicel.

Calyx green, with a few adpressed hairs, leaflets lanceolato-

elliptic, with narrow membranous edges, each having two

oblong, approximating, orange callosities on the outside of

the apex. Petals lilac, and veined, sub-linear, truncate,

unequally crenate at the apex, spreading. Stamens ten,

five shorter and five as much longer than the styles: jfila-

ments colourless, united at the base, and above the union

hairy. Anthers yellow, cordate, attached by their backs

to the filaments. Germen nearly smooth, green, divided

into five, oblong Jobes, each containing several seeds.

Stigmata lobular, deep green, projecting between the

longer filaments. ;

The plant flowered abundantly in the stove of the Royal

Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, in April, 1827, but has not

roduced seeds. It was raised from seeds received from

r. Harris at Rio de Janeiro, by Captain Grauam, of his

Majesty’s Packet Service ; but other specimens which are .

extremely similar were in the collection before, though it

is not known from whence obtained. These differ from the

plant described, only im having the back of the leaf more

reticulated, the anthers paler, and the shorter stamens equal

in length to the styles. Granam MSS.

‘This may, perhaps, prove to be only a luxuriant state of

Oxauts violacea, the figure of which plant in Jacq. Hort.

Vindib. v. 2. t. 180, seems to be, as it were, intermediate

between the small glabrous plant, given at t. 2215 of the

Botanical Magazine, and the present individual. If this

idea be correct, then, O. violacea is a native of South, as

well as of North America. The Oxauis elegans and lati-

Jolia of Humsoxpr and Kunrn, are both nearly allied to our

plant. '

one 1. Calyx with its Stamens and Pistil, 2. Stamens and Pistil —Mag-

dhe BS

Lu. oy Ot Cnrtis Walworth Wov. Ll 8e7.

( 2782 )

Crrastium Bresersteinit. TAurian

Movsk-EARED CHICKWEED.

Class and Order.

DEcANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

( Nat. Ord.—Carvoruyitex. )

Generic Character.

Cal. 5-phyllus. Pet. 2-fida. Caps. 1-locularis apice

decemdentata.

Specific Character and Synonyms. — Ze

Cerastium Biebersteinii ; caulibus basi repentibus adscen-

denti-diffusis foliisque oblongo-lanceolatis tomentoso-

lanatis, pedunculis erectis dichotomis, foliolis calycinis

oblongis tomentosis, capsula ovata subcylindracea ca-

lyce longiore. D.C. |

Crerastium Biebersteinii. De Cand. in Mem. Soc. Hist.

Nat. de Gen. v. 1. p. 463; equsd. Prodr. v. 1. p. 418.

De Cand. Pl. rares de Gen. t. 11.

Crrastium repens. Bieberst. Fl. Taurico-Caucas, v. 1.

Crrastium tomentosum « Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 629?

-Descr. The lower part of the stem is slender and

creeping, and near the base it throws out numerous as-

cendent branches, which, as well as the whole leaves, are

covered with a soft and dense-white tomentum. Leaves

opposite, connate at the base, patent, linear-lanceolate, sub-

acute. Panicles of flowers terminal, twice or thrice dicho-

tomous, erect, with a single flower between the dichoto-

mies: there are small opposite oblongo-ovate bractee at

the base of the divisions of the panicle. Calyx of five,

ae ovato-

ovato-oblong leaflets, downy in the middle; the margin

glabrous. Petals large, white, spreading, obcordate, veined

at the base, where it is lengthened into a sort of claw, bifid

at the extremity. Stamens ten; five alternately shorter.

Pistil: Germen subglobose : Styles five, filiform; Stigmas

subclavate, glandular, and yellow. The Capsule, accord-

ing to BregersteEmn, nearly cylindrical, erect, longer than the

calyx, opening with equal straight teeth.

An inhabitant of dry, stony places in the higher Tau-

rian Alps, and sent to our garden by M. Fiscuer of

Gottingen. It flowers early in July, and is a far more

desirable plant for cultivation than C. tomentosum ; being

distinguished from it by its broader foliage, and its much

larger flowers, which are of a pure white colour.

Fig. 1. Leaflet of the Calyx. 2. Petals. 3. Three Stamens. 4. Pistil—

Magnified.

( 2783 ) >>

IperiIs TENOREANA. SERRATE FLESHY-LEAVED

CANDY-TUFT.

— \ Class and Order. _

o >. a

_ 'TETrRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

( Nat. Ord:-Cavererits. )

—

Generic Character. Ps

Silicula emarginata : valvis navicularibus alatis ; loculis

pect Borers dr pane inequalia. Br. |

Specific Character and ‘Synonyms.

IBERIs Tenoreanty basi suffrubeacede phitrige foliis sub-

carnosis crenatis, inferioribus Weernise basi attenuatis,

superioribus oblongo-linearibus, siliculis ig

sis emarginatis. D. C.

IBERis Tenoreana. _ De Cand. st. feget. ». 2. ‘p. 404.

De Cand. r. v1. p. 179. Spreng. Sy. ee

v. 3. p. 864. ies Tenorii. glee it " Sweet. Br . Fl. Gard

2. 1. 2. 88. , Pree

“ TREris cey foliay Tenor.) »rod Fl. Nay P- “XXX VI.

(non Linn.)” — Par

“ Tperis pilosa. — —: Journ. Bot. aa P. 167 aa

[ Se Ne

bd ~— 2ehh ee

Descr. Stems at ae = = promi “ery

somata pabapenty t, sending out eee are dant, sil |

ragain ce) ite, angular y downy,

banca, from. y Oas, sagem inches ion Lower Lpibes and

those of the barren shoots. obovato-spathulate, the former

most frequently entire ; those of the fertile shoots becom-

ing ually smaller, m e oblong, and even linear

upwards ; all of them of at ic ish and fleshy substance,

dark green, tinged with purplish, finely ciliated at the mar-

gins, especially the smaller ones, and at the tapering goes

a Ne Any

or petioles of the larger ones. Flowers in dense umbellate

corymbs, large and shewy, outer ones the most so; at first

frequently rose-coloured, afterwards (and sometimes al-

ways) pure white; yielding a disagreeable odour. Pedicels

downy. Calyx of four, erecto-patent, oblong, pubescent

leaflets, of which that placed between the two smaller

petals is always the smallest. Petals patent, waved, the

two outermost very large. Stamens much longer than the

calyx: Filaments swollen upwards, the four longer ones

reddish: Anthers small, yellow. Pistil: Germen ovate,

compressed, style rather longer than the stamens: Stigma

capitate, notched.

This is an equally desirable plant for the garden, and

especially for rock-work, with the I. zana. In the Glasgow

Botanic Garden, to which the seeds were sent, by Professor

TEnore, we find it does best, treated as a semi-hardy plant ;

being kept under a frame in winter, when it produces its

long-lived blossoms of a pale rose colour, or of the

purest white in April and May. It is much handsomer

than Inzris ciliata, figured in this work (tab. 1030), with

which it has some affinity ; but the flowers are considerably

larger, as are the leaves ; these latter too are larger and

most decidedly toothed or crenated.

Discovered by Professor Trenore (from whom I have

also received native specimens), in the Neapolitan do-

minions. M. Tomas detected it near St. Angelo, in the

prs eos M. Scuoner upon Mount Vellino, near

ZZO. | _ ;

Fig. 1. Leaves slightly matte.” 2. Back'view of a Flower. 3. Calyx,

Stamens, and Pistil—Magnified. __ ;

( 2784 )

CAMELLIA RETICULATA. CapTrain Rawes’s

CAMELLIA.

Se ie i a a a os

Class and Order.

MonaDELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

( Nat. Ord —Camenuen. D.C. )

Generic Character, vide tab. 2740.

The drawing of this splendid species of Cameniia, was

made by Miss Curtis in the spring of 1827, from the plant

imported by Captain Rawes, in the collection of Tuomas

Carey Patmer, Esq. at Bromley, Kent. Not having my-

self had the opportunity of seeing the plant, I adopt Mr.

DLEY’s Suggestion, of its being a new species, “ distin-

wished from C. japonica by its rigid, flat, strongly reticu-

ated leaves, and also by its silky ovarium. The flowers

have also a different aspect; the petals are much undulated,

and irregularly and loosely arranged, with none of the com-

pactness and re ity for which the C. japonica is so much

With the view to render our history of the Cametuias

as complete as possible, we have accompanied the figure

of this splendid species with the fruit and seeds. We

must, however, premise, that the representations 1 and 2

(drawn by Miss C. Curtis), are from the Waratah Camellia,

(¢. 1654.) and the seeds are from the single red (¢, 42.). a0

ruit

fruit is thick, coriaceous, roundish, three-lobed, three-celled,

and three-valved, the dissepiments arising from the middle

of the valves. In the centre is a columella or receptacle,

near the top of which the seeds are fixed, and are thus pen-

dent. Each cell contains from one to three seeds, of a

roundish form ; but more or less angular, according to the

pressure of the neighbouring seeds. In the Waratah the

seeds are almost black ; in the single red, almost of a ches-

nut brown. Integument thick, and almost nucumenta-

ceous: filled in the interior with the embryo, which takes

exactly the same shape. Radicle superior, directed to the

scar of theseed. Cotyledons thick, unequal, plumule small.

Fig. 1. Fully-formed fruit of the Waratah Camellia. 2. Section of the —

Pericarp, shewing the Seeds. 3, 4. Seeds of the single Red Camellia. 5.

Section of a Seed of ditto, shewing the unequal Cotyledons, the Radicle, and

Plumule. 6. The two Cotyledons separated: the one on the left hand side

containing the Radicle and Plumule ; the other is. simply one of the Cotyle-

dons, with an excavation, in which the one-half of the Radicle and Plumule

were immersed :—All of the natural size.

sengngIteneentienne

( 2785)

NICOTIANA NOCTIFLORA. NIGHT-FLOWER-

ING Topacco.

Class and. Order.

PENTANDRIA. Monoeynia.

| s Nat. Ord.—Soranzz. )

Generic Character. U

Cal. tubulosus, 5-fidus. Cor. infundibuliformis vel hy-

pocrateriformis limbo plicato. Capsula apice 4-dentata,

placentis ad dissepimentum transversis. Spreng.

Specific Character.

Nicotiana noctiflora ; glanduloso-viscosa, foliis lanceolatis

undulatis mferioribus oblongis, floribus paniculatis

hypocrateriformibus, limbi laciniis obtusissimis dia-

metro tubo subbrevioribus.

Descr. Apparently an annual, two feet or more in—

height, with an erect, rounded, branching, leafy stem,

clothed, as is all the external part of the pats with ex-

ceedingly viscid, very numerous, short, glandular hairs,

cs be ak a very Meelis and disagreeable smell, parti-

cularly when touched. Leaves, the lower ones oblong

and tapering into a footstalk, the rest narrow, lanceolate,

sessile, remarkably waved at the margin, all of them acute.

Panicle of several moderately-sized flowers, which expand

in the evening and during the night, when they are very

sweet scented; and they are, when in perfection, drooping.

Calyx tubular, cut into five, linear-lanceolate, rather short,

and nearly erect teeth, green, having a white line alter-_

nating with the teeth. Tube of the Corolla, thrice the

length of the calyx, a little enlarged upwards, greenish,

with five small depressions just above the calyx, 2 al

: i 3 e. i stamens

stamens are inserted. Limb broad, greenish-purple on

the outside, pure white and glabrous above, broadly ob-

cordate, very obtuse, emarginate, spreading. Stamens

unequal in height, reaching nearly to the mouth of the

tube. Filaments slender, curved and hairy at the base.

Anthers oblong, yellow. Pistil: Germen ovate, inserted

into a bright orange-coloured gland, and tapering upwards

into a filiform style, a little longer than the tube, and

terminated by a clavate stigma.

The flowers of this species of Tobacco, have so much

similarity with those of Nicorrana undulata of VENTENAT,

Sims, and Brown, that I can hardly persuade myself, but

that the two plants must be the same. N. undulata, how-

ever, is said to have the leaves confined to the lower part

of the plant, or nearly so, and they ofa different shape ; no

notice is taken of the numerous viscid glands which cover

the entire plant in our individuals ; to which I may add,

that, whereas N. undulata is a native of New Holland,

the present species is found perfectly wild at Uspallata,

on the eastern side of the Andes, locking towards Mendoza,

whence both dried specimens and seeds were sent to us

by Mr. Crurcxsuanxs and Dr. Grtuies, in 1826.

Planted in the open border, in the Glasgow Botanic

Garden, the species succeeds remarkably well, blossoming

abundantly in the month of August. During the day they

make but little show, but as evening approaches, the limb

of the flower which was’ before curiously folded expands

into a broad and pure white surface, yielding, at the same

time, a powerful fragrance. .

_ Ifthe plant be handled, the smell is very narcotic and

unpleasant. — : =

Fig. 1. Stamen. 2. Section of a Calyx, shewing the Pistil and its glan-

dular base. 3. Lower Cauline Leaf. z Leaf from near the root.—Fig. !.

and 2. Magnified.

per,

—

: +» Walworth Dect, L827.

Pink 0° Cnrdas, Walworth "

WALZ. elt * oy ¥

€ 2786 )

SISYRINCHIUM CHILENSE. CHILIAN SISYRIN-

CHIUM.

SEEK EE KEE ERE

Class and Order.

MonapDeE.puia TRIANDRIA.

Generic Character.

Spatha diphylla. Cal. o. Petala 6, subequalia plana.

Filamenta omnino connata. Stylus 1. Caps. trilocularis,

infera.

Specific Character.

Sisyrincuium chilense ; caule ramoso ancipiti-alato, foliis

ensiformibus, petalis oblongo-subspathulatis retusis

mucronatis, capsula pyriformi pubescente, pedunculis

pedicellisque gracillimis. —

Descr. Stems remarkably compressed, ancipitate, and

winged, jointed, branched. Lashes linear-ensiform, striated,

upper ones gradually becoming shorter and more spathi-

form. Peduncles sometimes solitary and axillary, at other

times terminal, and growing four to six together, at all

times remarkably slender, filiform, four to five inches long,

bearing at their extremity two linear-acuminate spathes,

which include, generally, three pedicellated, moderately-

sized flowers. Pedicels about one and half inch long, very

slender, curved. Petals six, oblongo-subspathulate, retuse,

with a subulate mucro, pubescent without, and pale purple

within, glabrous, and of a deeper purple, marked with five

lines; the base is yellow: Filaments united into a yellow-

green, pubescent tube, bearing, at the top, three large oval

tacege anthers. Germen suboval, pubescent: Style about as

ong as the stamens, and concealed within them, alittle thick-

ened below the stigma, which is obscurely trifid. Capsule

pyriform, retuse, nearly glabrous, three-celled, opening at

the middle of the cells into three valves. Seeds attached *

the

the central portion of the dissepiment (at the axis) in two

rows, globose.

The present plant has much affinity with S. Anceps and

S. Bermudianum, having flowers most resembling the

former, and germen and ramification most like the latter,

differing from both in the singularly slender general as well

as partial flower-stalks. These peduncles too are often

clustered together, and they give the whole plant quite a

different appearance from the Bermudian and Virginian

species.

Seeds were obligingly communicated by Mr. Cruicx-

SHANKs in 1826, from the vicinity of Valparaiso to the Glas-

gow Botanic Garden, where they flowered in June 1827,

and continued blossoming during the whole of that and of

the following month. |

Fig. 1. Upper side of a Petal. 2. Under side of ditto. 3. Pistil, having

the Style surrounded by the Stamens. 4, Pistil separated from the Stamens.

5. Capsule :—4il magnified.

Pes i, Pa ? LPELS, eWepth, Peet ,, fb. See oe

Pb: & LZ dWop lle. rg gr 4 :

£2. OY §. Cartes, Bai 7 7

Ket Bales? bs ¢

etl ~All eit

~ Ant emeeiee

( 2787)

MALVA oOBTUSILOBA. BLunT-LEAVED CuI-

LIAN MAttiow.

aeaksksakskskakekokekokakebskobskeabaksbaakeate

Class and Order.

MonapDeELruiA PoLyANnpRIA.

Generic Character.

Cal. duplex: exterior tryphyllus. Capsule plurime,

1—2 polysperme, in orbem disposite. .

Specific Character.

Matva obtusiloba ; stellato-tomentosa, foliis cordatis quin-

quelobis crenatis lobis obtusissimis, pedunculis axilla-

ribus subramosis paucifloris, floribus congestis, calycis

exterioris foliolis linearibus.

Descr. Stem three to four feet high, much branched,

fruticose, clothed with a densely-placed, whitish, stellated

pubescence, as, indeed, is the whole plant. Leaves on slen-

der petioles, about equal to them in length, cordate, almost

truncated at the base, rather obsoletely five-lobed, the

lobes crenate, very obtuse; upon the leaves, the stellated

tomentum is so compact, that it is not visible to the naked

eye. Stipules small, linear, deciduous. Peduncles soli-

tary from the axils of the leaves, and longer than the leaves, ~

once or twice branched towards the extremity, where, on

each branch, five or six flowers are collected into a head.

Exterior Calyx of three linear leaflets, much shorter than

the inner, which is quinquefid, with the segments ovate,

very acute, spreading. Corolla rose-purple, with a deep

spot at the base of each obcordate petal, and with the claw _

ciliated. Column of stamens deep purple. Stamens col-

lected into a round head. Anthers deep purple: Pollen

yellow: the styles are reddish, and produced just beyond

the stamens.

Marva

Matva obtusiloba will rank near to M. abutiloides, agree-

ing in the colour and structure of the flowers, and in the

dense stellated pubescence with which the whole plant is

covered ; but differing essentially in the very obtuse lobes

of the leaves. It is an inhabitant of Chili, whence seeds

were sent to us from the vicinity of Valparaiso, by our

valued correspondent Mr. Crurcxsnanxs. They have

flourished in the greenhouse, flowering in the month of

July.

Fig. 1. Petal. 2. Stamens :—Magnified.

MeT Edel? Pub. by J. Curtis Walworth Dect see;

( 2788 ) >)

IBERIS NANA. SpaTHULATE FLESHY-LEAVED

CANDY-TUFT.

KEKE EEK KEKE KEKE EKER EK

Class and Order.

TerrapyNnamiA Sinicunosa.

( Nat. Ord.—Crucirer2. )

Generic Character.

Silicula emarginata: valvis navicularibus alatis ; loculis

monospermis. Petala inequalia. Br.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

Iseris nana; herbacea glabra, foliis subrotundo-spathu-

latis integris subcarnosis, siliculis corymbosis emargi-

natis, sinu latiusculo obtuso. D. C. “Cad

Iperis nana. “ All. Auct. p. 15. b. 2. f. 1.” Willd. Sp.

Pl. v. 3. p. 456. De Cand. Fl. Fr. ed. 3. v. 4, p. 717.

Syst. Veget.v. 2. p.403. Prodr.v.1.p.179. Spreng.

Syst. Veget. v. 2. p. 864. |

Iperis aurosica. Vill. Delph. v. 1. p. 349. v. 3. p. 289.

Descr. Biennial, at least, in a state of cultivation,

having a short, purple, naked stem, and a few horizontal,

simple, or again divided, straggling branches, purple at the

base, and cylindrical, green and angular at the extremity.

Leaves broadly oval, or roundish on the barren branches,

narrower on the fertile ones, tapering into a footstalk, so

as on the whole to be spathulate, dark green, thick, and

fleshy, with a central nerve, the margin entire, or slightly

serrated, every where perfectly glabrous, the uppermost

ones almost linear. Flowers large, in terminal corymbs,

scentless. Pedicels; the longest scarcely half an inch

long. Calyx of four unequal, erecto-patent, concave, ellip-

tico-spathulate, obtuse leaflets: the inner one the smallest,

and with a small tuft of hairs in the middle. Petals, ne

sma

small, and two four times their size, broadly obovate, pure

white (in their cultivated specimens), tapering at the base

into a narrow claw. Stamens; two short and four long,

yellow. Filament bent down as it were at the very point,

and there inserted into the back near the base of the ovate

anther. Pistil shorter than the stamens. Germen rhom-

boid, flat, a little keeled on each side in the middle.

Style as long as the germen, thickish, cylindrical. Stigma

capitate.

A native of the Alps of Piedmont and Dauphinée, and

certainly, as it appears to me, very near allied to the Pyre-

nean I. spathulata. Both are described as having the

leaves entire. My native specimens of I. spathulata have

the leaves serrated, and those of I. nana are entire: but

in a cultivated state they are both serrated and entire.

Raised from seeds sent from Dr. Fiscuer of Gottingen,

by Mr. Murray at the Glasgow Botanic Garden. In all pro-

bability the plant is perfectly hardy, and will prove a great

ornament to rock work with its showy long-continuing

flowers: but, hitherto, we have kept it under a common

frame, where it has flowered in April and May.

. The flowers are constantly white in our cultivated spe-

cimens, but the wild ones are rose coloured.

Fig. 1. Single Flower. 2. One of the smaller, and 3, One of the larger

Petals, natural size. 4. Calyx, Stamens, and Pistil. 5. Single Stamen.

6. Side view of part of a Filament and Anther. 7. Pistil—More or less

magnified,

2789.

Pub. by J. Cartes FatworthiDeclld 27.

4 7 delt Sw pe St

eee

(2789)

MAXILLARIA RACEMOSA. RACEME-FLOW-

ERED MAXILLARIA.

Class and Opiber.

GYNANDRIA Monawprra.

( Nat. Ord.—Orcuinez. )

Generic Character. |

Perianthium patens, resupinatum. Labellum cum pro-

cessu unguiformi column articulatum, trilobum. Sepala

lateralia exteriora basibus cum processu columne con-

nata. Pollinia 4, basibus connata, glandulosa. Herbe

parasitice, bulbose, Americe meridionalis. Folia corracea

plicata. Racemi radicales. Linpt.

Specific Character.

Maxixaria racemosa ; bulbo compresso tetragono, folio

lanceolato trinervi, floribus racemosis, petalis ovalibus

duobus inferioribus in cornu decurrentibus, interiori-

bus minoribus, labello unguiculato obovato-spathu-

lato subtrilobo cristato, lobis lateralibus incurvis,

columna pubescente. ae

o>]

Descr. Bulb about two inches long, nearly oval, com-

pressed, sharp at the edges, and with a longitudinal ele-

vated line or angle on each side the base, with lacerated

sheaths or scales: this bulb is terminated by a single, re-

flexed, lanceolate, stiff, coriaceous, three-nerved leaf, acute

at the point. From the very base of the plant arises a so-

litary, bracteated, slender, rounded scape, having at the

extremity a raceme of nine or ten flowers: these, when

open, are erect, with the petals likewise erect, of an uniform,

yellowish-brown colour, acute, the two inner ones, which

spring from the back of the column, the smallest, the two

lowermost and outer ones running down into a spur-shaped

process.

process. Column white, pubescent, attenuated down-

wards within the spur, and bearing at its lower extremity,

the obovato-spathulate labellum, which is not patent, but

applied to the column ; its colour is yellow with red spots ;

it is subcrenated, and obscurely three-lobed, of which the la-

teral lobes are involute, and there is an oblong tubercle in

the centre. Anther-case hemispherical. Pollen-masses two,

cleft at the back, yellow, waxy, fixed upon a white gland.

From the rich collection of South American Orchidez of

Ricuarp Harrison, Esq. at Aegburgh, who received it from

Rio de Janeiro. It flowered in June, 1827. It may pro-

bably rank with the Denprogium squalens of the Botanical

I scarcely see how that genus is distinguished from Maxit-

LaRIA, according to Mr. Linptey’s character, except in the

straight, not resupinate perianth, and they might, perhaps,

both be united without offering much violence to nature.

Fig. 1. Single Flower. 2. Column, with the two inner Leaflets of the

Perianth. 3. Side view of the Column. 4. Front view of ditto. 5. Inner

view of the Anther-case. 6.°Front view of the Pollen Mass. 7. Back.

view of ditto:—Magnijfied.

}

( 2790 )

Trirotium OLympicum. LoNG-FLOWERED

CLOVER.

SERRE EKER EEK

Class and Order. |

DriapELraia . Decanpria.

( Nat. Ord.—Leeummose. )

Generic Character.

Flores capitato-spicati. Cor. 1-petala, persistens. Le-

gumen 1-spermum, circumscissum, calyce tectum, s. 2—3.

spermum, Spreng.

Trirotium olympicum; spicis oblongis solitariis, calyci-

bus hirsutis dente infimo longiore tubum corolle

equante, carina longe attenuata, stipulis subulatis

longe vaginantibus, caule erecto stricto foliisque lan-

ceolato-ellipticis hirsutis.

Trirotium olympicum. Hornemann MSS.

Descr. Stem erect, straight, rounded, simple, pubes-

cent. Leaves ternate, oblongo-lanceolate, clothed with

rather dense, soft hairs, and distinctly striated with veins:

the margin entire. Petiole short. Stepules large, green,

striated, pubescenti-hirsute, embracing the stem and united

at the very base, terminating in long subulate points. Head

_ subspicate, large, oblong, of many pale-yellowish but rather

large flowers. Calyx whitish, scariose, hairy, with green

veins, and five setaceous green teeth, of which four are

nearly equal in length, the two upper ones united at their

base, the lower one the longest, at length spreading. Co-

rolla an inch in length, having the vexillum tubular at the

base, broader upwards and spreading, and ending in a

gradually acuminated, long, somewhat recurved point.

LAE

Ale and carina much shorter than the vexillum. The

fruit I have never seen.

Mr. Curtis has given an excellent figure of the Triro-

LIUM canescens of WiLipENow, and observed, that it was

distinguished from TR. pannonicum, by the shorter, broader,

and more obtuse vexillum. It is probable, that he had

then in view, the present plant which has much the habit

of Tr. pannonicum. The real Pannonicum of Jacq. Obs.

t. 42, is probably, as Dz Canpo.te suspects, the same as

WILLDENOw’s and Curtis’s canescens, and from both, our

plant is well distinguished by the remarkable attenuation

of the vexillum of the corolla; so that, in this respect, I

know of no species that. comes near it. Seeds of our plant

were received from Professor Hornemann of Copenhagen

two years ago, under the name here adopted; but it ap-

pears to be a MSS. name, and I presume a native of Mount

Olympus. It flowers in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, in

July. Perhaps this species may be imtended by Prrsoon,

when he says, (Syn. Pl. yv. 2. p. 350.) “ sub nomine, T.

pannonicum, in hortis occurrit planta speciosa, magna, flor.

flavis distincta, que eum icone Cl. Sturmii non convenit,

an species distincta ?’”’ (T’. alopecuroides.)

Fig. 1. Back view, and f. 2. Front view of a Flower.—Magnified.

INDEX,

In which the Latin Names of the Plants conthined 4 the First

Volume of the New Series (or Fifty- Fourth of the Work)

are alphabetically arranged.

Pi. ae

2747 Acacia mucronata. 2783 Iberis Tenoreana.

2754 penninervis, 2722 Justicia speciosa.

2766

2769 Asarum canadense.

2707 Aster acuminatus.

2718 fruticosus.,

2770 Banksia integrifolia,

2777 Barbacenia purpurea.

2723 Begonia undulata.

2719 Bletia Woodfordii.

2713 Buddlea Brasiliensis.

2741 Cactus cochinellifer.

2742 Wide

2763 Calypso borealis.

2745 Camellia japonica fi. ie:

albo.

2784 ————— reticulata.

2733 Campanula Prismatocarpus.

2711 Candollea cuneiformis.

2727 Caryocar nuciferum.

2728 Ibid.

2749 Caryophyllus aromaticus.

2750 Ibid.

2782 Cerastium Biebersteinii.

2758 Ceratiola ericoides.

2724 Conospermum taxifolium.

2714 Crotalaria dichotoma.

2743 Cunninghamia lanceolata.

2717 Deeringia celosioides.

2744 Dianthus aig hse var.

2721 Dichorisandra oxypetala.

2760 Dorstenia ceratosanthes.

2767 Euonymus echinata.

2725 Gesneria aggregata.

2776 verticillata.

2716 Gilliesia graminea.

2710 Gnaphalium modestum.

2761 Gnidia tomentosa.

2755 Gongora speciosa.

2726 Habenaria leptoceras.

2778 Helianthus pubescens.

2731 Houttuynia cordata.

2772 Hutchinsia stylosa.

2788 Iberis nana.

ventricosa.

2709 Liparis foliosa.

2715 Lockhartia elegans.

2734 Lodoicea Sechellarum.

2735 Ibid.

2736 Ibid.

2737 Ibid.

2738 Ibid.

2787 Malva obtusiloba.

2729 Maxillaria Parkeri.

2789 —————_ racemosa.

|| 2771 Mirbelia grandiflora.

2705 Mutisia

2785 Nicotiana noctiflora.

2764 Octomeria graminifolia.

2780 Omalanthus populifolia.

2773 Oncidium pulchellum.

2781 Oxalis bipunctata.

2746 Pleurothallis foliosa.

2720 Protea longiflora.

2706 Pyrethrum wliginosum,

2740 Rhipsalis grandiflorus.

2732. Scevola Keenigii.

2712 Schelhammera undulata.

2774 Scilla esculenta, §. fi. albo.

2759 Sida mollis.

2753 pulchella.

2786 Sisyrinchium chilense.

2708 Solanum coriaceum.

2739 Quitense.

2751 Telfairia pedata.

2752 Ibid.

2779 Trifolium alpestre.

2790 ————— olympicum.

2765 Trixis auriculata.

2762 Tulipa stellata.

2768 Witheringia montana.

2748 Zygopetalon Mackaii.

INDEX,

In which the English Names of the Plants contained in the First

Volume of the New Series (or Fifty- Fourth of the Work)

are alphabetically arranged

> -

Pl. 3

2754 Acacia, Feather-nerved. —

2747 Mucronated. —

2769 Asarabaca, Canadian, or wild

Ginger.

2718 Aster, Small-shrubby Cape.

2770 Banksia, Entire-leaved.

2777 Barbaeenia, Purple-fiowered.

2723 Begonia, Waye-leayed.

2719 Bletia, Woodfordian.

2713 Buddlea, Brazilian.

2763 Calypso, Northern.

2784 Camellia, Captain Rawes’s.

2745 ingle white-flowered

2733 Compentty Angular-fruited, |

2711 Candollea, Cuneate.

2783 Candy-tuft, Serrate, fieshy-

leaved.

2788 Spathulate, fleshy-

leaved.

2758 Ceratiola, Heath-like.

2782 Chickweed, Taurian Mouse-

eared,

2790 Cloyer, Long-flowered.

2779 Narrow-leaved, round-

headed.

2749 Clove Spice.

2750 Ibid.

2741 Cochineal Fig, Spineless.

2742 Ibid.

2734 Cocoa-nut, Double, or Seychel-

les-Island,

2724 Conospermum, Yew-leaved.

2714 Crotalaria, Dichotomous.

0 ir s t enia, Cleft.

2725 Gesneria, Cluster-flowered.

2776 Verticillate.

ered, Cape.

2761 Gnidia, Downy. 3

2755 Gongora,Large yellow-flowered

2726 Habenaria, Slender-spurred.

2731 Houttuynia, Cordate.

Pl.

2772 Hutchinsia, Sweet-scented,

Long-styled. -

2766 Justicia, Hop-flowered.

2722 Purple-flowered, East

Indian. '

2709 Liparis, Many-leaved.

2715 Lockhartia, Beautiful.

2787 Mallow, Blunt-leaved, Chilian.

2729 Maxillaria, Mr. Parker’s.

2789 - Raceme-flowered.

2707 Michaelmas Daisy, Pointed-

leaved.

2771 Mirbelia, Large-flowered.

2705 Mutisia, Handsome, pinnate-

Rae Se eee

2730 Neottia, Large-flowered.

2756 Nutmeg Tree, Aromatic,

2757 Ibid.

2764 Octomeria, Grass-leaved.

2780 Omalanthus, Poplar-leaved.

2773 Oncidium, Elegant.

2706 Ox-eye, Large-flowered, Marsh.

2744 Picotees, Two varieties.

2746 Pleurothallis, Leafy, fragrant.

2720 Protea, Long-flowered, cream-

coloured.

2740 Rhipsalis, Large-flowered,

2732 Scevola, Shrubby, East Indian.

2712 Schelhammera, Wave-leaved.

2753 Sida, Delicate, white-flowered.

2759 —— Soft-leaved.

2786 Sisyrinchium, Chilian.

2775 Slipper-wort, Purple-flowered.

2739 Solanum, Angular-leaved,

downy.

2708 —- Coriaceous.

2727 Souari, or Butter-nut.

2728 Ibid.

2767 Spindle-wood, Spinous-fruited.

2774 Squill, Esculent, or Camass 5

white-flowered var.

2778 Sunflower, Illinois.

2751 Telfairia, Pedate.

2752 Ibid.

2785 Tobacco, Night-flowering.

2765 Trixis, Auriculated.

2762 Tulip, Stellated, East Indian.

2768 Witheringia, Mountain, or St-

Lorenzo Potatoe.

2781 Wood-Sorrel, two-spotted.

2748 Zygopetalon, Mr. Mackay’s.