CURTIS’S

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE,

ee ot Si dace ee

COMPRISING THE

Plants of the Ropal Cardens of Kew,

AND

OF OTHER BOTANICAL ESTABLISHMENTS IN GREAT BRITAIN;

WITH SUITABLE DESCRIPTIONS ;

AND

A SUPPLEMENT OF BOTANICAL AND HORTICULTURAL INFORMATION ;

BY

SIR WILLIAM JACKSON HOOKER, K.H., D.C.L., Oxoy,

L.L.D, F.R.S., and L.S., Vice-President of the Linnean Society, and Director of the Royal Gardens of Kew.

ad RD PPPAPL APPS PLP

VOL. 1 B

OF THE THIRD SERIES;

(Or Vol. LXXI. of the whole Work.)

RRA

__

WICKES. fe

“© Nature and Art t’adorn the page combine ‘.

And flowers exotic grace our northern clime.

LONDON:

REEVE, BROTHERS, KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND;

1845.

TO

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE

THE EARL OF LINCOLN,

Chief Commissioner of Her Majesty’s Woods, forests, Lanv-Rebenues,

Works, and Buildings, &., &e., &e

THE PRESENT VOLUME,

THE

FIRST OF A NEW SERIES

_OF A WORK

ESPECIALLY DEVOTED TO THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE PLANTS

CULTIVATED IN THE

Ropal Botante Gardens of Kev,

IS DEDICATED,

WITH SENTIMENTS OF THE HIGHEST RESPECT AND ESTEEM,

BY HIS OBEDIENT AND DEVOTED

HUMBLE SERVANT,

W. J. HOOKER.

Royal Gardens, Kew,

Dec. 1, 1845,

Tas. 4132

LUCULIA Prncrana.

Mr. Pince’s Luculia.

Nat. Ord. RupraAcE#.—PENTANDRIA Monoeynia.

LUCULIA. Sw. (Supra Tas. 3946.) De Cand. Prodr. 4. p. 387.

| Lucutta Pinciana ; corolle limbo tuberculis quinque didymis*.

At the commencement of a new or Third Series of the

Botanical Magazine, it is with no ordinary pleasure, that we

are able to present our readers with one of the most ee

and most fragrant plants that it has been our lot to publis

in any of our volumes. Much deserved praise was bestowed

on the Luculia gratissima (Tas. 3046) by our fair corre-

spondent who communicated that lovely shrub : but it may be

said, without diminishing aught from’ that species, that the

present far excels it, no less in the size and delicacy of its

flowers, than in their powerful, yet agreeable fragrance. As

a species, too, it is totally distinct from that just mentioned ;

the only hitherto described one of the Genus. In stature

and general aspect, the two appear to accord: but the pre-

sent has broader and shorter leaves, with much more com-

pact (closely-placed) nerves, and the limb of the corolla has

five pairs of prominent tubercles; one pair at the sinus of

each lobe. It was raised from seeds received from Nepal by

Mr. Pince, (to whom the Royal Gardens are indebted for a

plant,) at his Nursery, Exeter, and is cultivated in the green-

house. I may observe, that the specimen, figured here, is

but a portion of the great compound cyme that was sent,

and which would have required a folio plate to render it

adequate justice.

Descr. A shrub, attaining to some feet in height, much

branched, the branches opposite. Leaves oval, rather than

* By which character it is at once distinguished from the only other

species,

L. gratissima ; corolle limbo etuberculato.

YOL, am B

W Bitch deft

Puh.by S. Curtis Glazenwnod Eissexe San! 1196S Swan Sc:

Tas. 4133

BACKHOUSIA myrtiFo.ta.

Myrtle-leaved Backhousia.

Nat. Ord. MyrTacE%.—IcosanpRia MoNnoGyYNIA.

BACKHOUSIA. Hook. et Harv. Calycis tubus turbinatus, inferne

ovario adherens, villosus, extus basi bracteis caducis imbricatis: limbus

persistens profunde 5-partitus, lobis tubo longioribus patentibus corollatis

(albis) petaloideis. Petala 5 parva, calycis segmentis triplo minora,

ovato-rotundata, acuta, valde concava. Stamina numercsissima, corolla

calyceque longiora. Anthere parve subrotunde. Ovarium tubi parte

inferiore adnatum, superne liberum hirsutissimum biloculare; loculis poly-

spermis: dissepimento placentifero. Ovula plurima. Fructus (immaturus)

slccus, coriaceus—Frutices Australasici, ramis teretibus nunc villosis.

Folia opposita sessilia v. brevissime petiolata, ovato-acuminata, subcorracea,

pellucido-punctulata, penninervia nervoque intramarginali. Flores ma-

Jusculi, luteo-albi, in cymas pedunculatas oppositas terminalesque dispositr.

BackuHovsia myrtifolia ; foliis ovato-acuminatis, nervis patentibus.

Backuovusia myrtifolia.«; Hook. et Harv. MS.

This very pretty greenhouse shrub, its conspicuous petaloid

calycine segments giving the idea at first sight of large

corollas to the flowers, was found by Mr. James Backhouse

in the Ilawara district of New South Wales; and, not bemg

referable to any Myrtaceous Genus yet described, Mr. Harvey

and myself are anxious to dedicate it to our mutual friend

7 mentioned, who, amidst his various and arduous nd

of love during a voyage to, and journeyings in, various

of Australia ad South Africa,* ‘till found leisure to collect

and to describe in manuscript many interesting plants, which

his previous botanical acquirements enabled him to do with

59 kamen The greater number of these specimens are

placed, partly in the hands of Mr. Brown, and partly in those

* See “ Narrative of a Visit to the Australasian Colonies,”’ and “ eS

of a Visit to the Mauritius and South Africa, by James Backhouse ;” works

which will gratify and instruct the Naturalist as well as the Philanthropist.

of the Editor of this work. Less perfect specimens of the

same plant were detected by Mr. Allan Cunningham, in a

state of bud only, “South of the Colony” of N. 8. Wales,

and marked “allied to Eugenia elliptica:’”’ and what confirms

the stability of the Genus is, the discovery by Mr. Allan

Cunningham of a second species* (which exists in Mr. J.

Smith’s Herbarium) on the Hastings’ River. With regard

to the present individual, it has been introduced to our gar-

dens by Mr. Low of Clapton, to whom the Botanic gardens

of Kew owe the possession of it, and there it forms a small

tree-like shrub, six to eight feet high. It is readily increased

by cuttings: and they flower while quite small, soon after

being struck. 3

Descr. A small J'ree, sixteen feet high, according to Mr.

Backhouse, with slender, terete branches, of which the

younger ones are often villous. eaves opposite, on short

petioles; ovate, acuminate, between membranaceous and cori-

aceous, pellucido-punctate, glabrous, or more or less villous,

especially on the costa beneath, often ciliated. Corymbs

pedunculate ; peduncles much longer than the leaves, axillary

or terminal ; branches generally bearing three flowers. Young

flowers more or less concealed by petaloid bracteas, which are

ovato-lanceolate, caducous, falling before the flowers expand.

Tube of the calyx turbinate, very villous, the lower part

adherent to the small ovary, which is itself villous at the

upper part: limb of the calyx large, deeply five-cleft,

petaloid, nearly white: sepals ovato-lanceolate, veined. Sta-

mens numerous, at the mouth of the tube of the calyx.

Petals small, rotundato-ovate, very concave, acute. Ovary

semi-inferior, two-celled, with receptacles on the dissepiment,

with several ovules. uit immature, apparently dry and

coriaceous. .

* This may be called

BacKHOUSIA riparia; foliis elliptico-lanceolatis basi apiceque longe

acuminatis, nervis oblique-patentibus.

EvuGEni< riparia. A, Cunn. MS.

Has. Hastings’ River. Mr. Allan Cunningham.

3

W. Fitch dett Pith by S. Curtis Glazeroood Essex Jan¥ 11945

Swarm 50:

Tas. 4134

SIDA GRAVEOLENS.

Heawy-scented Sida.

Nat. Ord. MALVACE%.—MoNADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

SIDA. L. (Supra Tan. 3892.) De Cand. Prodr. 1. p. 459.

Sipa (AsuTILon) graveolens ; ramis tomentosis patenti-hirsutisque, foliis

cordatis obsolete lobatis subangulato-dentatis utrinque velutino-

pubescentibus, pedunculis axillaribus solitariis unifloris petiolum

vix superantibus sub florem articulatis, calycis lobis ovatis acutis,

petalis imbricatis flavis basi atro-sanguineis, carpellis plurimis pubes-

centibus inermibus.

Sia graveolens. Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3. p.179. De Cand. Prodr.1. p. 473.

preng. Syst. Veget.3. p. 118. Wall. Cat. n. 1856.

ABUTILON graveolens. Wight et Arn. Fl. Pen. Ind. Or. 1. p. 56, and in

Comp. to Bot. Mag. 1. p. 20. ¢. 2.

Sma hirta. Reichenb. Icon. Exot. t. 152. (viz Lam.)

S. tomentosa. Wall. Cat. n. 1852. d.

A native of the East Indies, and of Jamaica ; and probably

common to the tropics both of the Old and the New World :

for my young friend, M. Planchon, while arranging the

two extensive Genera Hibiscus and Sida in my Herbarium,

was struck with the great number of species that are common

to America and Asia, and even to Africa; more than Botan-

ists in general are aware of. The present species, which is

undoubtedly the S. graveolens of Dr. Roxburgh, the S. hirta

of Reichenbach (if not of Lamarck), and probably. as Messrs.

Wight and Arnott suggest, also the S. Indica and S. Asiatica

of Linnzus, has been always considered to be exclusively a

native of the East Indies: but Mr. Purdie detected it eal

truly wild in Jamaica: and seeds which he sent to the Ro

Gardens produced plants which have blossomed in the autumn

of 1844 in the stove. It is a handsome species, with soft,

pale-green foliage, and yellow flowers with a deep blood-

colored eye.

Dxscr. A moderate-sized shrub, four to six feet high, with

-ery downy branches, and copious, soft, spreading hairs, not

confined to the branches, but extending to the petioles and

pedu:cles. Stipules subulate, curved, deflexed, at length

deciduous. Leaves upon petioles about as long as themselves,

cordate, acute, scarcely, or but obsoletely lobed, toothed, or

subangulato-dentate, very downy, almost velvety on both

sides. Peduncles about as long as the petioles (but variable

in length,) axillary, solitary, single-flowered, articulated below

the calyx. Calyx rather five-partite than quinquefid, the

segments ovate, acute. Corolla rather large. Petals five,

cuneate, erecto-patent, imbricating one another, orange-yellow,

not very bright, but having a deep blood-red spot at the base

of each, forming an eye around the numerous stamens. Ovary

globose, hairy. Style with many branches. | Stigmas small,

globose. Carpels numerous, composing a nearly globose, de-

pressed, downy fruit, shorter than the calyx. ~ *

Fig. 1. Pistil:—magnified.

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Tas. 4135

HINDSIA vroracea.

Large-flowered Hindsia.

Nat. Ord. RuBiacE%.—PENTANDRIA MonoGynlia.

HINDSIA. Benth. Calycis tubus turbinatus, limbus 4—5-partitus,

laciniis inequalibus linearibus v. apice foliaceo-dilatatis. Corolla infundi-

buliformis, tubo elongato, superne paullo inflato et inter stamina intus

barbato, fauce nuda, limbi laciniis 5 Ovatis, estivatione valvata. Anthere

lineares sub apice tubi subsessiles. Ovarium biloculare; placente medio

dissepimento affixe, multiovulate. Sty rami longi lineares compres-

siusculi papilloso-hirti. Capsula calyce corticata, septicide bivalvis, val-

vulis duris demum loculicide bipartitis. Semina numerosa non alata

(immatura ignota).—Frutices Austro-Americani. Folia opposita, petiolata,

ovata v, sublanceolata. Stipule utringue solitarie, ovate, integre v. glan-

duloso-dentate intus sepius glandulose. Flores ad apices ramorum in

ae subfoliatas dispositi, subsessiles, speciosi ; corollis ceruleo-violaceis.

enth.

Hinpsta violacea; molliter pubescens, stipulis ovatis, foliis lato-ovatis basi

rotundatis, laciniis calycinis valde inequalibus, majoribus supra me-

dium foliaceo-dilatatis.

Hinpst violacea. Benth. in Bot. Reg. 1844, ¢. 40.

The present Genus was constituted by Mr. Bentham, and

intended to include the Rondeletia longiflora, Cham., figured

at t. 3977 of the present work. It is dedicated to R. B.

Hinds, Esq., R. N., who accompanied Captain Sir Edward

Belcher in his surveying voyage in the Pacific, and who is

charged with the publication of the Natural History collec-

tions made during that voyage. Both the species are plants

of great beauty, the present one eminently so. It is a native

of the Organ Mountains of Brazil, and was imported by Mr.

Veitch of Exeter (through his collector, Mr. William Lobb),

who received for it the large silver medal of the Horticultural

Society’s Garden. Exhibition, in May of the present year,

1844. The flowers -are large, of an extremely handsome

violet-blue color, and of long duration. It requires the heat

of the stove.

Descr.. A shrub with very obtusely angled, four-sided

branches, slightly pubescent. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate,

rather acute, entire, many-nerved, the nerves close and

parallel, and these united by slender cross nerves. Petioles

thick. Stipules ovate, acute, opposite. lowers in a large,

handsome, subsessile, cyme. Calyx downy, with five, erect,

very unequal, spathulate segments, the shortest of them

longer than the tube. Corolla rich, but pale, violet blue:

tube two and a-half to three inches long, enlarged upwards,

where the stamens are inserted: limb of five spreading, ovate

segments. Anthers included. Ovary inferior, two-celled, with

several ovules on fleshy placente. Style filiform. Stigma

bifid ; the segments linear. :

Fig. 1. Calyx and Pistil. 2. Section of the Ovary :—magnified.

416.

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Tas. 4136

BARBACENTIA saquamata.

Scaly-stalked Barbacenia.

Nat. Ord. HamMopoRAcE&.—HEXANDRIA MonoGyYnIa.

BARBACENIA. Vandelli. Gen. Cuan. Perianthium corollinum, ova-

rio adnatum, infundibuliforme, sex-fidum. /ilamenta bifida, antheras dorso

affixas in divisione gerentia. Capsula trilocularis, polysperma. Mart.

BARBACENIA sguamata; caudice brevi diviso basibus squamiformibus

foliorum vetustorum tecto, foliis lineari-acuminatis carinatis glaucis

marginibus carinaque minute spinuloso-serratis, scapo foliis breviore,

perianthii glabri tubo superne sensim dilatato laciniis lanceolatis

acuminatis, filamentis latissimis apice truncatis vix emarginatis anthera

dimidio brevioribus.

BaRBACENIA squamata. Pazt. Mag, of Bot. cum Ic.

A singular plant, and belonging to a singular Genus of

Hamoporace®, of which twelve species have been hitherto

known, and these, according to Martius, are confined within

very narrow limits in the New World, between 14° and 23°

of southern latitude; they delight in mountainous situations,

growing among micaceous schist, and on rock of other prim-

eval formations; at an elevation of from 1,000 to 5,500 feet,

and in exposed, dry situations. The present seems to differ

from all yet described in several particulars, and was sent.

to Mr. Veitch of Exeter from the Organ Mountains, by

Mr. William Lobb, in 1841. From a plant obligingly com-

municated by Mr. Veitch to Kew Gardens, where it flowered

In the stove in the summer of 1843, our present figure was

taken. In the color of the flowers, and general size of the

plant, it resembles B. tricolor and B. tomentosa, Mart. ; but it

differs from both in the absence of clothing to its leaves, in

the form of the flower, and especially in the nature of the

ament of the anther, which is here unusually short and

broad, and can hardly be termed bifid. ;

R. Caudex, or stem, short, dichotomous, clothed with

the scale-like remains of former leaves: the perfect leaves are

confined to the apex of the branches, and are from four to five

or six inches long, resembling in miniature those of some

Agave or Yucca, spreading, glaucous, linear-acuminate, cari-

nate; when seen under a lens, they are beautifully marked

with close parallel lines, and have the margin and keel finely

spinuloso-serrate. Scape springing from among the terminal

leaves, and shorter than they. Perianth of a fine orange-red;

the tube slightly enlarged upwards, adnate with the ovary,

deeply striated and marked with raised, elevated points, or

minute glands: segments lanceolate, moderately spreading,

about as long as the ovary. Stamens six, inserted at the base

of the ovary; three longer than the rest: Filaments short,

very broad, emarginate. Anthers linear-oblong. Style coni-

cal at the base, shorter than the stamens: Stigma clavate.

Fig. 1. Flower, segments of the Perianth being removed, 2, 3. Stamens.

4. Pistil. 5. Transverse section of do. 6, Portion of a Leaf ~—magnified.

Fe ee rete RMR SE Neto nie Use) RT PEON SES PRT Hts BRON TSA ERROR, Bi AAT NS Ree ee eee

Pub. by S. Cartis Glaxen wood Essen. J, 1m LIRES

Tas. 4137

TURNERA ULMIFOLIA.

Elm-leaved Turnera.

Nat. Ord. TURNERACEH.—PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

TURNERA. L. (Supra Tas. 2106.) De Cand. Prodr. 3. p. 346.

Turnera ulmifolia; floribus axillaribus subsessilibus solitariis, foliis

ovato-oblongis rugosis acutis grosse serratis subpubescentibus, stylis

staminibus subbrevioribus.

TurNERA ulmifolia. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 387. De Cand. Prodr. 3. e 346.

Spreng. Syst. Veget. 1. p. 940. Sloane, Jam. 1. p. 127. f. 4. 8.

8. angustifolia ; minor, foliis, lanceolatis, petalis angustoribus. Willd. Sp.

Pl. 1. p. 1503. De Cand. Prodr. 1. c—T. angustifolia. Mill. Curt. in

Bot. Mag. t. 281. ae

There are, in the West Indies, two striking varieties of

Turnera ulmifolia. One is already figured in the present

work, under the name of 7. augustifolia. The much finer

state, and that which is considered the type of the species,

is that now given, drawn from the rich ‘collection at ghee

Gardens. Its seeds were sent over from Jamaica b ::

Purdie, and its very showy flowers, and ample glossy thes,

were in perfection in the stove, in July, 1844. Shortly after,

plants, from the same source, flowered in the Royal Botanic

ens, and convinced us that this variety, at least, is well

deserving of cultivation. It appears, however, to be a plant

of short duration, and requires to be renewed from seed.

Descr. A strong growing spreading plant, with herba-

ceous stems, said to survive one, two, or three years, glabrous

m our individual. Leaves alternate, on short, thick petioles,

broadly lanceolato-oblong, acute, wrinkled, deeply veined, the

margin very coarsely, almost lobately serrated, rather flaccid

and pendent. Stipules small, subulate, deciduous. Flowers

solitary, axillary, on a short peduncle, about the length of the

tiole. Calyx of five, deep, lanceolate segments. Corolla

ull yellow, of five, nearly rotundate, shortly-unguiculated

petals, spreading. Stamens five, yellow. Filaments rather

short: -Anthers subulate. Ovary ovate, one-celled, with

three parietal placente and many ovules. Styles three, erect :

Stigmas penicillate.

Fig. 1. Pistil. 2. Transverse Section of the Ovary :—magnified.

SALUT Pet Pd

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Tas. 4138

SOLANUM macrantuum.

Large-flowered Nightshade.

Nat. Ord. SoLANE#.—PENTANDRIA MoNnoGYNIA.

SOLANUM. (Vide supra Tas. 3954.)

SoLANUM macranthum ; caule arboreo aculeato, ramis lanatis, foliis amplis

late ovatis acuminatis profunde angulato-lobatis basi attenuatis sub-

sessilibus utrinque lanatis subtus precipue aculeatis, racemis folio

multoties brevioribus subcymosis, pedicellis calycibusque 5-fidis lanatis

aculeatis, corolla ampla venosa.

SoLaNuM macranthum. Dun. Syn. Solan. p. 43. Roem. et Sch. Syst.

oe as p- 650. Spr. Syst. Veget.1. p. 689. Walp. Repert. Bot.

v. 3. p. 88.

A native of Brazil, and. has been long cultivated in the

old stove of the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew, where,

planted in the border, it has attained to the height of the

roof. In such a situation, it really makes a very handsome

appearance, with its ample foliage, and its large pale lilac-

coloured flowers, which, drooping as they do from the upper

branches, are seen to great advantage from below. To those

cultivators who have not space to allow its growing thus

freely, cuttings may be recommended, which strike rye

and flower almost as soon as struck.—It is n. 800 of Mr.

Gardner’s Brazilian collection.

Dzscr. Arborescent, and, with us, attaining a height of

twelve or fourteen feet; much more, probably, in its native

country. Branches mostly at the top, spreading ; young ones

densely clothed with rusty green wool, and beset with copious,

very rigid aculei. Zeaves ample, alternate, on very short

petioles, almost sessile, broadly ovato-acuminate, attenuated at —

the base, the margins deeply angulato-lobate, the lobes acute,

the surface strongly marked with copious reticulated veins,

downy above, more so, almost woolly beneath; the hairs

stellate and stipitate, as at f. 1, the veins on both sides prickly,

the aculei larger and stronger below, especially on the costa.

VOL. I, Cc

ftacemes axillary, much shorter than the leaves, subcymose,

densely woolly and aculeated. Pedicels as long as the calyx.

Calyx large; tube broad, almost. hemispherical, woolly and

aculeated ; limb of five, ovate, acute, spreading, downy seg-

ments. Corolla very large, sometimes three inches across,

pale bluish-purple, with darker dashes and pale lines, veiny.

Stamens nearly sessile, five, equal, the anthers large, uniting

in a broad cone, and each opening by two pores at’ the apex.

Style a little longer than the stamens: Stigma two-lobed.

Fig. 1. Hairs :—magnified.

Pub by SJ. ¢

Curtis btazenwood. fis see Feb?

a Ll. 19S

Swarm?)

Tas. 4189

AERIDES ODORATUM.

_ Fragrant Air-plant.

Nat. Ord. OrncHIDEZ.—GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

AERIDES. (Vide supra Tas. 4049.)

AERIDES odoratum; foliis flaccidis apice obtusis obliquis, racemis pendulis

multifloris foliis longioribus, labelli cucullati infundibularis laciniis

lateralibus erectis cuneatis rotundatis, intermedia ovata acuta inflexa,

calcare incurvo. Lind.

AERIDES odoratum. our. Fl. Cochin. p. 525. Br. in Hort, Kew. ed. 2.

v. 5, p. 212. Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. p. 289.

AERIDEs cornutum. Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 63. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1485.

One of the many lovely Orchideous plants of the East

Indies, no less remarkable for the elegance of its spikes of

flowers, than for their fragrance. Loureiro first detected it in

China and Cochinchina; upon it founded the Genus Aerides,

and says of it what is now known to be a property common

to almost all Epiphytes. ‘“ Mirabilis hujus plante proprietas

est, quod ex sylvis domum delata, et in aere libero suspensa,

absque ullo pabulo vegetabili terreo vel aqueo, in multos

annos duret, crescat, floreat, et germinet. Vix crederem, nisi

diuturna experientia comprobassem.” It was introduced to

the Royal Gardens of Kew by Sir Joseph Banks from China,

so long ago as 1800, and has been since sent from Dacca and

Sylhet in the East Indies by Drs. Roxburgh and Wallich.

t flowers during the summer months.

Descr. Stem branched, thick, rounded, leafy, rooting ;

roots thick, fleshy. Leaves subdistichous, ligulate, carinate,

and sheathing below, obtuse, coriaceous. Spike or raceme

axillary, drooping, many-flowered, dense, highly fragrant.

Peduncle terete, three to ie inches long, bracteated. lowers

very delicate, cream-colour, fleshy, spotted and blotched with

purple, Sepals and petals spreading, ovato-subrotund, upper

sepal and petals smaller than the two lateral sepals. Label-

lum somewhat infundibuliform, singularly curved, the lower

portion ending in a blunt, curved spur ; the limb very concave,

three-lobed, with the segments incurved and connivent.

Fig. 1. Lip:—magnified.

W. Fitch dete

Pub, by Ss

Curtis Clexenwood: E’sseec Feb?

LISES

Sra Se

Tas. 4140

DISEMMA AURANTIA.

New- Caledonia Disemma.

Nat. Ord. PasstrFLoRE®.—MoNnADELPHIA PENTANDRIA.

Calyx 10-lobus; tubus brevis subtus sulcatus; faucis corona duplex:

exterior filis distinctis; interior filis in membranam integram dentatamve

concretis. Cet. Passiflore.—Species e Nova-Hollandia aut Nova-Cale-

donia orte. De Cand.

DIsEMMA aurantia; foliis glabris basi ovatis late trilobatis, lobis obtusis

inter medio longiore, lateralibus extus appendice subauctis, bracteis

setiformibus apice glandulosis a flore parum remotis, petiolis apice

biglandulosis, filis corone exterioris lobis cal. internis subeequalibus.

De Cand.

oe ee aurantia. Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. t.79. De Cand. Prodr.

. p. 332.

Murvcvsa aurantia. Pers. Syn. 2. p. 222.

PAassIFLoRa aurantia. Forst. Prodr. p. 326.

The Genus Disemma (from ds, double, and ofc, a CrOWN,)

was established by Labillardiére in his Sertum Austro-Caledo-

nicum, upon this very plant, a native of New-Caledonia, and

is readily distinguished, on the one hand, from Passiflora by

the presence of the membranous, truncated crown of Muri-

cua, and, from the latter, by the outer filamentous crown of

Passiflora. The species are all of Australian origin, and

include, besides the present, D. H. erbertiana, D. coccinea,

and D. adiantifolia; the latter from Norfolk Island. The

Botanic Gardens of Kew, where our figure was taken in the

greenhouse in July, 1844, owe the possession of this hand-

Some plant to T. Bidwill, Esq. It is easily cultivated in a

~~ with wire-trellice, and is remarkable, like D. adiantifolia,

:or the flowers being nearly white in bud and on first expand-

18> gtadually assuming a yellow or tawny tint, and finally

becoming a brick red. The sepals have a singularly broad

eel or deep wing at the back.

Descr. A twining shrub, with the habit of our common

Passiflora cerulea, everywhere glabrous. Leaves alternate,

petiolate, broad, deeply trifid; the segments oblong-ovate,

rather obtuse, middle segment the longest, at the base beneath,

at the apex of the petiole are two rounded glands. Stipules

none, or soon deciduous. Tendrils axillary, simple. Pedun-

cles axillary, much shorter than the leaf, bracteated ; bracteas

small, setaceous, deciduous, distant from the flower. Flowers

large, handsome, at first almost white, gradually becoming

orange-red, and finally brick-red. Sepals colored, oblong,

acute, concave, with a singularly broad carina or wing at the

back. Petals scarcely half their length, oblong-obtuse, spread-

ing. Outer ray of the corona deep red, consisting of numer-

ous subulate, erect, or slightly inclined filaments, dark at

their tips, united at the base: inner one a conical, red, plicate

membrane, open at the mouth, a little longer than the outer

ray. Ovary oval, supported, as it were, on the united portion

of the filaments, which thus form a cylindrical column,

nearly thrice as long as the corona. Styles clavate, spreading.

Stigmas capitate. Anthers linear, rather shorter than the free,

spreading portion of the filaments, green.

Tas. 4141

CYMBIDIUM ocurotetcum.

Pale Yellow Cymbidium.

Nat. Ord. OncHIDEZ.—GYNANDRIA MoNANDRIA.

CYMBIDIUM. (Vide supra Tas. 3648.)

CymBrpiuM ochroleucum; caulescens axillis pseudobulbiferum, foliis ligu-

latis carinatis apice dblique emarginatis, floribus solitariis axillaribus,

sepalis petalisque equaliter patentibus lineari-oblongis subspathulatis

acutiusculis, labello cucullato trilobo disco barbato. Lindl.

CymBrpium ochroleucum. Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. p. 168.

CaMARIDIUM ochroleucum. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 844.

ORNITHIDIUM album. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3306.

This plant has a very singular mode of growth, producing

its distichous flowers in a leafy spike quite distinct from the

udo-bulbs, which themselves originate from the axils of

eafy branches: and the plant has not yet had justice done to

it in either of the figures above quoted, least of all in that of

the Botanical Magazine ; whence I have thought it deserving

of being again represented. The flowers of the leafy spike

Open in succession, but I have never seen more than two

expanded at once.

Descr. Stem compressed, much branched, and proliferous,

bearing oblong, compressed, smooth pseudo-bulbs, having a

long, ligulate leaf on each side at the base, and about three

terminal leaves of the same shape. Flowers from the axils

of the leaves of a long, proliferous shoot, or branch, which

k small, distichous, ovato-oblong, acute leaves, one flower

m each axil opening successively from below, and bracteated ;

bracteas subulate, brown. Flowers white or cream-color,

t, rather large. Sepals and petals nearly uniform,

oblongo-obovate, the latter rather narrower; all of them

Concave. Lip applied to the column, yellow, streaked trans-

versely with red, oblong, three-lobed; side-lobes small, middle

One obtuse ; the disk of the lip has a broad crest, formed of

orange-colored, imbricated, soft spines; the spines passing

towards the apex into toothed lamella. Column semi-cylin-

drical, curved, cream-colored, with a broad, red spot at the

base. Anther-case conical, obtuse. Pollen-masses four, un-

equal, attached to a broad gland by their base.

Fig. 1. Column and Lip. 2, Column. 3. 4. Pollen-masses, 5. Inner

view of the Lip enainitnd

#

Tas. 4142

PLEUROTHATLIS ‘Sicdainatk

Double-keeled Pleurothallis.

Nat. Ord. ORcHIDE2.—GYNANDRIA MoNANDRIA.

PLEUROTHALLIS. (Vide supra Tas. 3897.)

PLEUROTHALLIS bicarinata; “‘ folio oblongo coriaceo planiusculo leviter

carinato basi subcordato petiolo acute canaliculato univaginato brevi-

ore, sepalis linearibus equalibus lateralibus carinatis ad apicem fere

connatis, sepalis lineari-obovatis minute serratis glabris, labello obovato

carnoso medio exarato denticulo inflexo utrinque prope basin.” Lindl.

ae bicarinata. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. p. 14.

n. 11.

South America, but especially the Western side of the Cor-

dillera, and the mountains of Peru and Columbia, abound in

species of the curious Genus Pleurothallis. The present,

Owever, is a native of Brazil, and has thence been received

by Mr. Loddiges; and Mr. Gardner sent living plants of it

from Rio to Woburn, which have through that source reached

the Royal Gardens of Kew, where they produced their orange-

colored flowers from the bosom of the solitary, elliptical leaf,

in December, 1843. The species is well named by Dr. Lind-

ley from the sharp keel on each of the lateral sepals.

Descr. Plants aggregated, throwing out fibrous roots from

the base. Stems two to four or five inches long, jointed,

angled, slightly tuberous at the base, clothed at the joints with

sheathing scales, the lowest short, rich chocolate, broad, spot-

ted, approximate, the upper ones more distant, elongated, pale

yellow, with numerous dark-red spots. Each stem, or petiole

as Dr. Lindley considers it, is terminated by a coriaceous,

elliptical leaf, blunt at the apex, a little cordate at the base,

ntly striated on the surface. From the base of this leaf, and,

‘88 it were, from a hollow or depression, the peduncle arises,

teated and bearing a spike of orange-red flowers, spirally —

arranged, nearly as long as the leaf. Sepals oblong, acute,

8aping, the upper sepal rather the smallest, free, the two

lateral ones conjoined almost to the apex, beneath the label-

lum, apiculate below the point, sharply carinated at the back.

Petals small, linear, shorter than the labellum, appressed to

the column. Labellum not half so large as the sepal, obovate,

concave, obtuse, with an obscure tooth on each side at the

base. Column semicylindrical, spotted with red at the base.

Fig. 1. Flower from which the Sepals are removed. 2. Front view of an

entire Flower. 3. Back view of ditto:—magnified.

Cy S\ Curtis CHartenitoad: Keer beh? fF IS#ES

Tas. 4143

CRYPTADENIA. vwnirtora.

Solitary-flowered Cryptadenia.

Nat. Ord. THYMELEX.—OcTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

CRYPTADENIA. Meisn.—Flores perfecti. Perigonium coloratum,

infundibuliforme, tubo angusto, sursum ampliato, limbo 4-partito, fauce

nuda. Glandule 8, medio perigonii tubo simplici serie adnate, staminibus

alterne. Stamina 8, alterna perigonii laciniis opposita, exserta, alterna,

infra sinus inclusa, filamento per tubum adnato decurrente barbato. Germen

uniloculare ; gemmula unica, pendula, anatropa. Stylus lateralis ; stag-

mate capitato. Fructus...... perigonii basi persistente hirsutis inclusus.

—Fruticuli Capenses, ericoidei, dichotome ramost. Folia opposita, decus-

sata v. suprema quaternatim verticillata, sessilia, linearia v. subacerosa,

utringue glabra. Flores terminales, solitarii v. gemint majuscult, v. axil-

lares, sohtaru parvi, extus sericeo-pubescentes, intus glabri, violacer, hla-

cint v. roset. Endl.

CrYPTADENIA uniflora; foliis patulis linearibus acutis v. mucronatis sub-

pungentibus compressis dorso acutis (rarius obtusis v. deplanatis)

margine nudis summis haud latioribus, floribus terminalibus solitariis

majusculis tubo bracteis superante, limbi lobis oblongis acutiusculis,

tubum «equantibus v. sublongioribus. Mezsn.

CRYPTADENIA uniflora. Meisn. in Linnea, v. 14. p. 406. :

PAssERINA uniflora. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 560. Burm. Afr. t. 48. f. 1.

Lam, Ill. t, 291. f. 1. Pl. Eckl. in Un. Itin. n. 362. “ Zeyl. Pl. Cap.

Exsicc. Suppl. n. 239. :

Among the handsomest of the Linnean Genus Passerina

were three species, the present, P. grandiflora, and P. ciliata,

which, in habit, as well as in essential character, differed con-

siderably from the others. These Professor Meisner has wisely

separated from Passerina, and named Cryptadenia, from the

presence of eight glands concealed within the tube of the

floral envelope, and alternating with the eight stamens. Al

are natives of the Cape. The present species, though suffici-

ently known in Herbaria, is probably rare in gardens, though

well deserving of a place on account of the beauty of its

copious blossoms, and the long time the plant continues im

blow. It has, however, been cultivated at Kew since 1759.

[t flowers there in the early summer months, in an airy part

of the greenhouse. .

Descr. A small heath-like shrub, with twiggy branches,

somewhat fastigiate at the apices. Leaves patent, or in the

younger branches suberect, linear, acute, opposite, glabrous,

plane above, or slightly channelled, keeled at the back.

Flowers solitary, rather large, handsome, lilac, terminal.

Perianth hypocrateriform, silky on the outside; the tube sunk

in the floral leaves, nearly cylindrical, striated upwards,

downy within. Limb of four spreading, ovate, acute, seg-

ments. Stamens eight, four placed at the mouth of the tube,

and a little exserted, the other four a little lower down in the

tube, and alternating with them: below these and near the

middle of the tube, are eight small, oblong, yellow, sessile

glands, alternating with the eight stamens. Ovary oblong.

Style elongated, inserted below the apex, thickening upwards,

and terminating in a capitate, downy stigma.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2, The same laid open, to show the Stamens and

Glands. 3. Pistil :—magnified.

Tas. 4144

ACHIMENES aurrsu7a.

Hairy Achimenes.

Nat. Ord. GESNERIACEH.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

ACHIMENES. (Vide supra Tan. 4126.)

ACHIMENES hirsuta; caulibus hirsutis paniculatis bulbilliferis, foliis cor-

datis serratis hirsutis, pedunculis solitariis foliis equalibus, corolle

limbo plano laciniis rotundatis serrulatis. Lind.

ACHIMENES hirsuta. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1843. Misc. n. 103. Tab. 55.

This is not so gay in its flowers as the Achimenes picta

(Tas. 4126), nor are the leaves by any means so beautiful ;

but there is a richness of colour in the large corollas, and a

peculiar bloom, very difficult to be imitated by art, which

render it worthy a place in every stove. Its nearest affin-

ity, however, is, as Dr. Lindley, its first describer, observes,

with A. pedunculata (Tas. 4077), “ but the flowers are larger,

the border is much more flat, and the colour is a deep, rich

rose, instead of the clear orange of A. pedunculata.” Our

specimen has even deeper colored blossoms (partaking of a pur-

plish_ blush, or bloom) than that figured in the Bot. Register:

still, it must be acknowledged that the two species have a very

close affinity. It is, like the A. pedunculata, a native of

Guatemala, and was “raised from among a mass of Guatemala

Orchidacese bought at one of Mr. Skinner’s sales.” It loves

heat, and flourishes in the stoves with the same treatment as

other species of this lovely Genus. 7

VESCR. Stem herbaceous, erect, branched, two to three

feet high, terete, hairy, repeatedly and trichotomously divided,

with opposite, shortly petiolate, ovato-cordate, acuminate,

Serrated, hairy /eaves at the ramifications. Upper branches,

but especially the peduncles, bearing in the axils of small

bracteas, clusters of little bulbilli, by which the species may be

abundantly increased, as well as by the roots. The peduncles

are elongated, much longer than the leaves, terminal and

VOL, I, D

axillary, undivided and single-flowered, or forked and two-

flowered. Flowers large, handsome, drooping, deep-rose red.

Calyx having the turbinate hairy tube adnate with the ovary;

limb of five spreading, lanceolate segments. Corolla with

the tube infundibuliform, the limd very oblique, spreading,

cut into five rotundate segments, of which the two upper are

the smallest and more or less reflexed, all of them crenate; the

mouth yellow, with red dotted lines. Stamens included.

Style having an annular disk at the base, thickened, oblique.

Stigma two-lipped.

Fig. 1, Pistil:—magnified.

41ES.

Wo Fitch del?

Pab. by S$ Curtis Glazen

Wood’ Essex. Marh 1. I8#5

ie

Swan So.

Tas. 4145

ANGRAECUM pisticuum.

Two-rowed Angrecum.

_Nat. Ord. OrcHIDE#Z.—GYNANDRIA MoNANDRIA.

ANGRAECUM. Pet. Th. Perianthium patens. Sepala et petala sub-

equalia, libera. Labellum sessile, cum basi columne continuum, carnosum,

indivisum, petalis multo latius; calcare recto cornuto, sepius subcylindraceo,

perianthio multo longiore, raro obconico. Columna nana subteres, raro

elongata semiteres. Anthera 2-locularis, truncata. Pollinia 2, biparti-

bilia, caudicula brevi angusta, glandula, triangulari—Epiphyte caulescentes.

Folia coriacea, ligulata, apice obliqua. Flores solitarit v. racemosi, albt,

nune citrint, v. herbacei. Lind.

ANGR&cUM distichum; caule imbricato, foliis distichis compressis recurvis

obtusis supra canaliculatis, floribus solitariis axillaribus, pedunculis

foliis subequalibus, sepalis ovatis petalisque angustioribus secundis

obtusis, labello postico oblongo concavo apice tridentato calcari tereti

horizontali pedunculo breviore. Lindl.

ANGR&CUM distichum. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1781.

The Genus Angrecum is peculiar to the Old World, if we

except the A. filiforme, a native of Hispaniola, but which will

probably prove to belong to a different Genus. It was founded

by Du Petit Thouars, and the name derived from a barbarous

word “ Angwrek’ of the Malays. Minute as are the flowers

of the present species, they are identical in structure with those

of the fine A. eburneum of Thouars. We are indebted to Mr.

Loddiges, who received the plant from Sierra Leone, for the

possession ef the present species in the Royal Botanic Gardens

of Kew, where it flowered in October, 1843.

Descr. Stems three to five inches long, tufted, me Be or

branched, clothed throughout their whole length with fleshy,

oblong-falcate, obtuse, distichous leaves, having a groove at

the thickened upper edge, which receives the sharp edge of the

one above it. From the axils of these leaves arise the small,

white, inconspicuous flowers. Each has a bractea at Its base.

Sepals and petals spreading, but secund, the former oblong-

ovate, the latter rather smaller, linear-oblong, all of them

obtuse. Lip ovate, cucullate, acuminate, obscurely three-

lobed, the base running out into a long, straight spur, as long

as the straight, furrowed germen. Column very short, with a

concave stigma. Anther-case hemispherical. " Pollen-masses

two, each pedicellate.

ig. 1. Flower. 2. Front view of ditto. 3. Lip and Spur. 4. Column

and Anther, with part of the Germen. 5. 6. Pollen-masses: magnified.

SET

AES a

W. Fitch dob? Pub. by S. Curtis Glazenwood Bisscoe Mandy J. 1RES

Tas. 4146

AOTUS GRACILLIMA.

Slender. Aotus.

Nat. Ord. LEGuMINos&.—DECANDRIA MoNoGYNIA.

AOTUS. Sm.—Char. Gen. Calyx 5-fidus bilabiatus basi ebracteo-

latus. Pet. staminaque decidua. Ovarium dispermum. Stylus filiformis.

Legumen bivalve. Seminis strophiola nulla—Frutices Australasict. Folia

simplicia, lineari-subulata, margine revoluta, alterna, subopposita aut ter-

natim verticellata. Flores azillares flavi. De Cand.

Aotus * gracillima; ramis gracilibus levibus glabris apice minute pube-

tulis, foliis sparsis v, suboppositis erectis patulisve anguste linearibus

obtusis v. mucronulo exiguo innocuo recurve apiculatis levibus glabris

margine revolutis supra convexis v. obsolete 1-sulcis, axillis 1—3-floris,

pedicellis brevissimis calycibusque adpresse pilosis, calycis labio supe-

nore truncato levissime emarginato. Meisn.

Aotus gracillima. Meisn. in Pl. Preiss. p. 59.

A very elegant Swan River species of Aotus, introduced

to the Royal Gardens of Kew by Mr. James Drummond.

We have also received it from Baron Hugel, imported from

the same country, to which it seems peculiar. Mr. Preiss

and Mr. Drummond have both sent dried specimens. Besides

its glabrous branches and foliage, it may at once be known

from the old A. villosa (v. Bot. Mag. t. 949) by the very

copious flowers, so abundant on the branches as to conceal

the leaves of a great portion of the branches: thus its beauty

will recommend it to every greenhouse. Only two species of

the Genus were known to Professor De Candolle, and both

natives of Eastern Australia; now, six others are described

in the “ Plantz Preissiane,” as inhabitants of the Swan River

settlement. :

Descr. A rather tall- growing, slender shrub, with

twiggy branches, often fasciculate at the apex of the main

* So named by Sir James Smith, from the absence of the two little

bracteas, or ear-like appendages to the base of the calyx, possessed by

some allied Genera.

branches, slightly. pubescent. Zeaves scattered, slender, nar-

row-linear, erecto-appressed, acute, or with a soft mucro,

channelled above, the margin revolute, slightly and minutely

silky beneath between the revolute margins; petiole ver

short, scarcely any. Flowers one to three in the axils of the

leaves, longer than they, and so copious as to form a dense,

cylindrical mass of many inches in length, of a lively yellow

color, spotted with red. Pedunele very short. Calyx sub-

cylindrical, deeply two-lipped, slightly silky ; upper lip

obliquely truncated, bifid; lower lip three-dentate: teeth

rather small. Vezillwm subrotund, unguiculate; just above

the claw is an oblong spot, surrounded by ared line. Ale

obtuse, yellow. Carina red. Stamens ten; anthers oblong.

Ovary ovate, very silky. Style a little deflexed, then curved

up. Stigma obtuse. :

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Carina. 8. One of the Ale. 4. Carina. 5. Calyx,

Stamens, and Pistil. 6. Pistil. 7, Upper, and 8, under side of a Leaf; all

more or less magnified. .

Tas. 4147

RUELLIA uizactna.

Lilac-flowered Ruellia.

Nat. Ord. AcANTHACEH.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

RUELLIA. (Vide supra Tas. 3718.) ©

RoeEtiia lilacina ; glaberrima fruticosa, foliis ovatis brevissime petiolatis

obtuse subacuminatis subcoriaceis integerrimis, floribus axillaribus ses-

silibus subbinis, calycis tubo corollino triplo brevioris laciniis subulatis

paululum inaqualibus, corolla venose tubo elongato gracili infundibu-

liformi curvato, limbilobis patentibus rotundatis subequalibus, semin-

ibus orbiculatis marginatis ciliatis.

The stove of the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew is indebted

for this handsome Ruelliaceous plant to Mr. Glendinning of

the Chiswick Nursery: but of its native country, I regret I

can learn nothing. Its fine dark and glossy foliage, with

large, full lilac-colored flowers, which are produced from time

to time during the greater part of the summer months, renders

it well worthy of a place in the hothouse.

Descr. A low shrub, having attained with us a height of

from two to three feet, branched, the young branches herba-

ceous, glabrous, as is every part of the plant, and smooth.

eaves opposite, ovate, bluntly acuminate, penninerved, quite

entire at the margin, dark green, somewhat glossy, paler

beneath. Flowers axillary, generally two from each axil,

sessile. Calyx less than two-thirds the length of the tube of

the corolla, of five deep, rather unequal, subulate, glabrous,

erect segments. Corolla with a very long, curved, slender,

infundibuliform tube, veiny and lilac above, pale and almost

white towards the base ; limb spreading, of five rounded, very

obtuse, and nearly equal lobes, veined, and of a purple-lilac

color. Fruit an oblong, two-celled capsule, a little longer

than the persistent segments of the calyx, slightly acuminated

but obtuse, containing about four orbicular, compressed, mar-

gined and ciliated seeds in each cell; and each seed subtended

by a subulate bracket.

Fig. 1. Capsule and persistent Calyx. 2. Vertical section of the imma-

ture Capsule, showing the Seeds and Brackets. 3. Single Seed and

bracket :—magnified.

Tas. 4148

ONCIDIUM naicaxiosum.

Two-warted Oncidiun.

Nat. Ord. OrcHIDEH,—GYNANDRIA MonaNnDRIA,

ONCIDIUM. (Vide supra Tas. 4130.)

Oncipium bicallosum ; bracteis ovatis membranaceis obtusis, labelli lobis

lateralibus abbreviatis intermedio maximo transverso emarginato obcor-

dato, crista bicallosa, tuberculis distantibus uno ante alterum posito

Tugosis subtrilobis, columne auriculis linearibus falcatim recurvis.

Lindi.

Sg bicallosum, Lindl. in Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 94. Bot. Reg.

Batts

An inhabitant of Guatemala, whence it was introduced to

our stoves by Mr. Skinner, who sent it to Woburn Abbey,

as well as to Mr. Bateman: and it is now, with the Woburn

Orchideous collection, in the gardens of Kew, where we do

not find it difficult to flower. Our drawing was made in

October, 1843, and the plant is now again in blossom at the

time of drawing up this description in January, 1845. Dr.

Lindley alludes to its close affinity with Oncidium Cavendishi-

anum,“so much so as to seem a mere variet of it; but it is

in reality quite distinct.” My own investigation would rather

lead me to consider the two as forms of one and the same

kind, and that the species is liable to considerable variation ;

the more especially as our O. pachyphyllum, Bot. Mag.

t. 3807, is considered by Dr. Lindley a state of O. Cavendishi-

anum. ‘To me, our present plant seems to correspond better

with Mr. Bateman’s original figure of O. Cavendishianum,

than our O. pachyphyllum does.

Descr. Pseudo-bulbs none. Foliage, as in our O. pachy-

phyllum, large, singularly thick and carinate, subeymbiform.

Peduncle arising from a scale at the base, and therefore radi-

cal, very long, bearing a many-flowered panicle, which varies |

much in size and ramification. Flowers large, handsome, —

yellow, slightly tinged with green on the sepals and petals: :

these are all spreading and obovato-spathulate, but not

equal ; the upper sepal is broadly spathulate, the lateral ones

narrow ; the petals rather larger than these, all more or less

undulated, especially at the margin. Lip large, three-lobed ;

lateral lobes small, obovate ; intermediate one very large, two-

lobed : at the base is a raised crest, divided into two portions ;

the upper one with two elevated points or glands, the lower

one presenting five smaller points. Column short, with a

decurved tooth or small wing on each side. Anther-case

hemispherical.

Fig. 1. Column and Lip. 2. Column and base of the Lip, with the

lateral Lobes :—magnified. :

Fe, ded

Tas. 4149

LYCIUM rucusrorpes.

Fuchsia-flowered Lycium.

Nat. Ord. SoLANEZ.—PENTANDRIA MonoGynIa.

LYCIUM. L.—Char. Gen. Calyx urceolatus, equaliter quinqueden-

tatus v. irregulariter tri- quinquefidus. Corolla hypogyna, infundibuliformis

v. tubulosa, limbo quinque- decemfido v. dentato, interdum plicato. Stamina

5, medio v. imo corolle tubo inserta, inclusa v. exserta; anthere longitudi-

naliter dehiscentes. Ovarium biloculare, placentis dissepimento adnatis,

multiovulatis. Stylus simplex; stigma depresso-capitatum v. obsolete bilo-

bum. Bacca calyce suffulta bilocularis. Semina plurima, reniformia.

Embryo intra albumen carnosum periphericus, hemicyclicus.—Arbuscule

v. frutices, in regione Mediterranea et in America tropica transandina

crescentes, plurimi quo ad seminis structuram nondum exploratt, et fortas-

sis olim e genere expellendi ; foliis alternis, integerrimis, interdum fascicu-

latis ; pedunculis extra azillaribus aut terminalibus, solitariis, geminis v.

umbellatis, rarius corymbosis; corollis albidis, flavescentibus, roseis, pur-

pureis v. coccineis. Endl.

Lycium* fuchsioides; fruticosum inerme glabrum, foliis oblongo-obovatis

obtusis in petiolum brevem attenuatis, pedicellis egatis axillaribus

terminalibusque unifloris, floribus nutantibus, calycibus subcampanula-

tis'5-dentatis bilobis seu hinc fissis, corolla tubulosa calyce ter longiore,

limbo patente quinquedentato dentibus minoribus interjectis, stamini-

bus inclusis, bacca ovato-acuminata.

Lycium fuchsioides. H.B. K. Pl. Aiquin. 1. p. 147. t. 42. Gen. et Sp.

Am. 3. p. 52. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 1. - 701. Roem. et Sch. Syst.

Veget. 4. p. 696. Walp. Repert. 3. p. 110. ;

Introduced to the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew, and

raised from seeds sent by Dr. Jameson, from Azoques, in

the Quitinian ‘Andes, where it is used by the natives for

fences. Dried specimens from the same locality are now

“a us, bearing both flower — at = aa a : the

it occupying the lower part of a branch ; owers

the u ae Coin these ah arias the fruit has been added. —

The hears in the “Plantes Aiquinoctiales” from nearly the —

* So called from the original species being a native of Lycia, in Asia Minor. |

same country (“ locis subfrigidis Regni Quitensis, prope Delay,

Cumbe et Cuenca, alt. 1,400 hexap.”’), is a good representation

of the plant ; but the intermediate lesser teeth of the limb of

the corolla are omitted, which indeed are not easily seen in

the dried specimens ; and the fruit is given as a small globose

berry. In the Nov. Gen. Amer., however, the berry of the

same plant, is, on the authority of Humboldt, described as

“ovate ;”’ so that I cannot doubt of our plant being identical _

with it. It flowered during a good part of the summer, and,

which may be inferred from our figure, made a very handsome

appearance.

Descr. A shrub, as cultivated by us, about five feet high,

everywhere glabrous, or nearly so, unarmed. eaves often

fascicled, obovate, inclining to oval or oblong, very obtuse,

entire, tapering at the base into a short footstalk. Peduncles

aggregated, axillary, or supra-axillary, or terminal, shorter

then the leaves, single-flowered. Flowers drooping, large,

handsome. Calyx subcampanulate, five-toothed, and bursting,

as it were, with a fissure on one side, or into two unequal

lobes. Corolla thrice as long as the calyx, orange-scarlet ;

tube elongated, nearly straight; limb moderately spreading,

five-toothed or angled, with a smaller intermediate tooth.

Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla. Filaments

included, downy at the base. Germen pyramidal, obscurely

five-lobed: Style as long as the corolla: Stigma capitate.

Berry (on native specimens) ovate, acuminate, in part sur-

rounded by the cleft calyx.

Fig. 1. Stamens. 2. Pistil: magnified. 3. Capsule: nat. size.

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Tas. 4150

LOBELIA. rapsorpea.

Mullein-like Lobelia.

Nat. Ord. LospetiaceE#.—PENTANDRIA MoNnoeynIa.

Gen. Char. LOBELIA. L.—Calyz 5-lobus ; tubo obconico, ovoideo vel

hemispherico. Corolla superne longitudinaliter fissa, bilabiata; tubo cylin-

draceo vel infundibuliformi recto ; abio superiore ae minore et erecto,

inferiore sepius patente latiore 3-fido v. rarius 3-dentato. Anthere 2

inferiores vel rarius omnes apice barbate. Ovarium inferum v. semi-supe-

rum, imo (in speciebus simillimis) subliberum.—Herbee v. rarius suffrutices,

foliis alternis, floribus sepius racemoso -spicatis, pedicellis azzllaribus,

corolla cerulea, alba, violacea, rubra vel ex rubro-aurea. D C.

LoBELia thapsoidea; caule stricto simplicissimo pilosiusculo, foliis ses-

silibus superne confertis lanceolatis basi attenuatis subdenticulatis

minuteque ciliatis pilosiusculis, racemo terminali pyramidali densifloro,

bracteis approximatis lanceolato-acuminatis pilosis integris pedicello

longioribus, calyce piloso, tubo hemispherico, lobis acuminatis basi

latis tubo corolla dimidio brevioribus, lobis corolle pilose omnibus

angustis labio inf. 3-fido, antheris 2 infer. baccatis. D C.

LoBELtA thapsoidea. Schott in Pohl, Bras. 2. p. 102. t. 167. De Cand.

Prodr. 7. p. 380. Cham. in Linnea, v. 8. p. 209.

Rapuntium thapsoideum. Presi, Prodr. Lob. p. 24.

Geniostoma Brasiliense. Spreng. Syst. Veget. 1. p. 588? (according to

Chamisso.)

Much as the Genus Zobelia, L., has been reduced in

amount of species by the numerous Genera that have been of

late separated from it, especially sia? aot and Tupa,

there are yet enumerated, in De Candolle’s Prodromus, one

hundred and seventy-three species, and many new ones exist

in our own Herbarium and those of other Botanists. Among

the most remarkable of the Genus for stateliness and show-

iness are the Z. uranacoma, Cham., ZL. exaltata, Pohl, L.

Organensis, Gardn., and the subject of the present plate,

which so far excels the rest, as to have obtained from

De Candolle the epithet of “ Zobeliarum Princeps.” Pohl

gives the height as six feet. Mr. Gardner, to whom our

Stoves owe the possession of this fine plant, gathered speci-

VOL, 1. E

mens measuring eight feet. Of the size and beauty of its

raceme and the number of the flowers, our readers can form

some idea from the accompanying figure, which was made from

a noble specimen, sent from the College Botanic Garden by

our often-mentioned friend Mr. Mackay. The same plant is

possessed by the Botanic Gardens of Glasgow and Kew.

Pohl has represented the flowers blue, the artist being de-

ceived no doubt from the appearance of the dried specimens.

Descr. oot perennial. Stem erect, herbaceous, six to

eight feet high, leafy, simple, with a habit and foliage some-

what resembling those of our great Mullein, Verbascum

Thapsus (whence the specific name), stout, obtusely angled

and furrowed, within filled with a soft, white pith. Leaves

broadly-lanceolate, attenuated below, but sessile, the inferior

ones a foot or a foot and a half long, all soft and finely downy,

dentato-ciliate, closely and regularly penninerved. Raceme

very large, pyramidal, covered with rather large, densely

imbricated flowers, so dense as to appear spicate. Bracteas

linear-lanceolate, reflexed. Pedicels also reflexed when in

flower, especially the lower ones. Corolla rose-purple, hairy,

or rather silky when seen under the microscope. Column of

stamens nearly as long as the corolla. Anthers lead-color,

the two lower ones bearded. The seeds, which are unknown

to authors, are compressed (lenticular), margined, but not

broadly winged like those of Z. uranocoma, Cham.

Fig. 1. Column of Stamens, including the Style: magnified.

Swart

amenwnod Essex Aprik:) LIS#ES

Pah. hay S Carte

W. Fitcdy dal?

Tas. 4151

GOVENIA orricurata.

Bladdery Govenia.

Nat. Ord. OrcHIDE®,—GYNANDRIA MonanpDnria,.

GOVENIA. Lindl. (Vide supra Tas. 3660.)

GovENta utriculata; pseudo-bulbo ovato vagina ampla membranacea

striata pellucida oblongo-attenuata incluso, foliis binis lato-oblongis

acuminatis plicatis basi attenuatis, racemo elongato multifloro, sepalis

petalisque curvatis acuminatis, labello oblongo-ovato acuto.

GoventA utriculata. Lindl. (v. Bot. Reg. 1839. Misc. sub. n. 66.)

CymBrpivum utriculatum. Sw. in Act. Nov. Ups. 6. p. 75, Fl. Ind. Occ.

3. p.1477. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 4. p.107. Spreng. Syst. Veget. 3. p.

724, Lindl. Gen, et Sp. Orchid. p. 170.

Limoporum utriculatum. Sw. Prodr. p. 119. Jacg. Fragm. Bot. 29. t.

82. f. 4.

For a long time, this singular plant, remarkable for the

large, transparent, bladdery sheath surrounding its scape

and the lower part of the leaves, was only known from

the description of Swartz, who gathered it in Jamaica and

Hispaniola. A specimen, in a very imperfect state, sent to

me by Dr. Macfadyen, from the former of the two islands

just mentioned, was all that Dr. Lindley had seen; and from

it he made some remarks in his valuable Genera et Species

Orchidearum. An allied plant communicated from Mexico

( Govenia lagenophora, Lindl. ), satisfied him, however, that our

Jamaica “ 'ymbidium’’ was a congener, and he then, in the

volume of the Botanical Register Miscellany above quoted,

named it G'ovenia utriculata. The attention of our Collector,

Mr. Purdie, was especially directed to the re-discovery of this

plant in Jamaica, and we had soon the pleasure to receive

fine dried as well as living specimens at Kew. The latter,

planted in earth in a pot, flourished, and blossomed beautifully

in September, 1844. The bladdery sheath seems destined to

contain water for the nutriment of the Pore ;

Descr. Plant terrestrial. Root o large, coarse, tortuose,

rather woolly fibres. From the summit of this, rises a singular,

large, oblong or oblong-ovate, inflated, membranaceous

sheath, which surrounds the lower part of the scape and base

of the leaves. Zeaves two, a foot and more long, broadly.

oblong, acuminate, closely striated and plaited, tapering at

the base. Scape radical, a foot or a foot and a-half long,

erect, terete, bracteated; bractee lanceolato-subulate, the

lower ones distant, sheathing. -Raceme, or rather spike, six to

eight inches long, with many cream-colored blossoms. Sepals

and petals scarcely at all spreading, lanceolate, acuminate,

decurved, the petals shorter than the sepals. Lip oblong-

ovate, acute, decurved, entire, with three red spots at the

apex. Column semicylindrical, white, with transverse red-

dish streaks in front. Anther-case acuminated. Pollen-

masses four, with a gland and short caudicle.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. The same, with the lateral Sepals removed.

8. Column and Lip. 4. Apex of the Column, with the Anther-case.

5. Back view of ditto, with the Anther-case removed. 6. Front view of

ditto, ditto :—magnified.

W. Frtch: del! Pab. ln S. Cartis Glaxenwood Lissesxc April’ LISES Swan’ >€

Tap. 4152

GESNERIA ScuiepEANa.

Schiede’s Gesneria.

Nat. Ord. GESNERIACE%.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

GESNERIA. ZL. (Vide supra Tas. 3995.) De Cand. Prodr.

v. 7. p. 526,

GEsNERIA Schiedeana; tota pubescenti-tomentosa, caule erecto suffruti-

coso, foliis terno- quaternove-verticillatis breviter petiolatis oblongo-

lanceolatis rugosis crenatis acutiusculis subtus tomentosis, pedunculis

ageregatis axillaribus 1—3-floris folio multo brevioribus, calyce turbi-

nato 5-lobo, corolla infundibuliformi-campanulata subtus ventricosa

tota velutino-villosissima, limbi brevis patentis lobis 5 subequalibus,

ovario hirsutissimo basi nectariis 5, stylo brevi hirsuto.

GESNERIA spicata, 8. Schiedeana. De Cand. Prodr. v. 7. p. 531.

This is another lovely addition to the many beautiful

Gesnerias now cultivated in our stoves. It was sent from

Woburn Abbey by Mr. Forbes, who received the roots from

Mexico. It quite agrees with the G. spicata, B., of De

Candolle (also from Mexico), and seems different, as that

author suspected, from the original New Grenada G. spicata

of Humboldt, in which the inflorescence is more truly

ge the flowers smaller, and the corollas much less hairy.

ur species is remarkable for its richly-colored blossoms,

clothed with long, shaggy hairs ; their color, a bright-golden

scarlet; the limb variegated with red and yellow, the red

arranged in broken lines. It flowered at Woburn, in Novem-

ber, 1844. |

Descr. An erect-growing plant, apparently little branched, —

with a rounded, tomentose stem, tinged with red. Leaves

generally in whorls of three, petiolate, spreading, or a little —

reflexed, oblong, petiolate, somewhat acuminate, crenate,

rather thick, rugose, soft and downy above, more reticu-

lated, paler and tomentose beneath: the lower leaves much —

larger and broader. Flowers copious from the axils. Pedun- —

cles aggregated, much shorter than the leaves, one or three-

flowered, tomentose. Calyx short, turbinate, tomentose, with

five moderately spreading segments. Corolla between cam-

panulate and infundibuliform, ventricose below, of a rich

scarlet color, and clothed with long, shaggy, scarlet hairs, the

limb of five, spreading, rounded, nearly equal lobes, yellow,

streaked with dotted lines of red. Stamens included. Ovary

clothed with copious, long, silky hairs; and, at the base, sur-

rounded by five obtuse, large, yellow glands. Style short

and thick, hairy. Stigma two-lipped.

Fig. 1. Pistil and Hypogynous Glands :—magnified.

2

April, L184 3

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Tas. 4153

DENDROBIUM montiFoRME.

Nechlace-stemmed Dendrobium.

Nat. Ord. OncHIDEZ.—GYNANDRIA MoNANDRIA.

DENDROBIUM. Sw. (Vide supra Tas. 4013.) Lindl. Gen. et Sp.

Orchid. p. 74.

DENDROBIUM moniliforme ; caulibus erectis clavatis ramosis foliosis inter-

nodiis demum tumidis, foliis distichis oblongis obtusis oblique emargi-

natis, floribus ex articulis supremis caulium geminatis folio longioribus,

sepalis oblongis acutis petalisque ovatis striatis, labello ovato reflexo

obscure trilobo basi attenuato: marging serrulato, disco elevato pubes-

cente,

DENDROBIUM moniliforme, Sw. Act. Holm. 1800, p. 245. Willd. Sp. Pl.

p. 186. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 3. p. 738. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1314.

Gen. et Sp. Orchid. p. 83.

LimoporumM moniliforme. Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 1352.

Fu Ran. Kampf. Amen. Acad. t. 865.

A native, it is said, of China and Japan, and first introduced

to Europe through the instrumentality of the Horticultural

Society. The plant from which our figure was taken was

sent by Dr. Wallich to the Royal Gardens of Kew. It pro-

duced its truly handsome blossoms in November, 1844, and

again in February, 1845, each time the flowers continuing

long in perfection. It is indeed one of the most lovely of our

Epiphytes. The specific name is not at first very apparent ;

but is considered to be derived from the tumid internodes of

the stem in age, giving the appearance of a necklace, some

traces of which may be observed in our figure.

Descr. Stem erect, scarcely a foot high, branched and

rooting ; when young terete and striated; when old strongly

articulated, losing the leaves, and then deeply furrowed, and

swollen at the internodes, the articulations partly sheathed by

the withered bases of the leaves. Flowers in pairs from the

articulations, or from the axils of the leaves, but the flowering

stems are frequently destitute of leaves. Germen very long,

Se en ST

slender, colored, pedunculiform. Perianth large, handsome,

varied with purple and white. Sepals and petals spreading,

white, the upper half purple-blush: the former oblong acute ;

the latter ovate, all of them striated. Zip small, in proportion

to the rest of the flower, white tipped with deep purple, and

having two purple spots on the disk. Column short, very

decurrent, the lip articulated at the end of the prolonged

base.

Fig. 1, Column, and Lip forced back :—magnified.

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Tas. 4154

CALCEOLARIA rtiorisunpDaA.

Copious-flowering Slipper-wort.—

Nat. Ord. ScROPHULARINZ.—DIANDRIA MOoNOGYNIA.

CALCEOLARIA. L. (Vide supra Tas. 3255.) Endlich.. Gen. p. 671.

CatcEoLaria floribunda; suffruticosa, ramis pedicellisque ferrugineo-

pubescenti-glandulosis, foliis oppositis oblongo-lanceolatis sessilibus

dentato-serratis basi latis subcordatis subamplexicaulibus gradatim

acuminatis hirtellis subtus pallidioribus magisque hirsutis, corymbis

terminalibus multifloris, calycibus pubescenti-glandulosis, corollis sub-

globosis pallide flavis pubescentibus, labiis arcte clausis, labio supe-

riore triplo minore compresso.

CaLczoraria floribunda. H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. Am. v. 2. p. 385.

Roem, et Sch. Syst. Veg. v.1. Mant. p. 160. Spreng. Syst. Veget.

v. 1. p.46. Walpers, Repert. Bot. v. 3. p. 162.

Our gardens abound in Calceolarie from Chili and extra-

tropical South America; but very few are known alive in this

country from the tropical regions of the New World. The

present handsome species is from the environs of Quito, where

it was gathered by Lobb, Mr. Veitch’s South American col-

lector, and sent to him in 1843. It flowered in Mr. Veitch’s

establishment at Exeter in September, 1844, whence the spe-

cimen here figured was communicated. Although from within

the tropics, and almost under the Line, yet, the city itself of

Quito being at an elevation of 11,000 feet above the level of

the sea, this will probably prove a suitable plant for the

greenhouse, and perhaps may flourish in the open air in the

summer months, where it cannot fail to be highly ornamental;

and we should be thankful if it do not share the fate of the

hilian species, which are so hybridized, that the original

native kinds are wholly lost to our gardens, and are to be

found only in the Herbarium. ,

Descr. A suffruticose plant, with erect stems, and vise

site, terete branches, which are clothed with short, glandular

pubescence. Leaves opposite, three to four, or, the lower

ones, five inches long, oblong-lanceolate, sessile, submembra-

naceous, dentato-serrate, reticulato- venose, the base broad,

subcordate and subamplexicaul, thence tapering gradually to ~

a point, or widening only a little above the base; the upper

surface is slightly hairy, the under more so and paler. o-

rymbs ample, terminal, many-flowered ; the peduncles and

pedicels and calyx clothed with short, rusty-colored, glandular

hairs. Calyx small, four-lobed, the lobes spreading. Corolla

pale, but rather full yellow, subglobose, but flattened, as it

were, above and below, slightly pubescent; the lips firmly

closed ; the upper one-third the size of the lower, and much

compressed. Stamens and pistil as in the allied species.

whe LISFS

yurtis C2

Tas. 4155

WHITFIELDIA Lareritia.

Brich-colored Whitfieldia.

Nat. Ord, ACANTHACE%.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

WHITFIELDIA, nob.—Calyz amplus, coloratus, subinfundibuliformis,

basi bibracteatus, profunde 4—5-fidus, laciniis lanceolatis, acutis, erectis,

concavis, lineatis; bracteis sepissime coloratis ts ews oppositis obova-°

tis, acutis, trinerviis, appressis. Corolla infundibuliformi - campanulata,

calyce duplo longior, tubo striis 15 elevatis, limbo bilabiato patente, labio

superiore minore bifido, inferiore trifido segmentis omnibus ovatis, acutis.

Stamina 4, didynama, fere inclusa, rudimento quinto obsoleto. Filamenta

glabra. Anthere oblongo-lineares, biloculares, loculis oppositis, longitudi-

naliter dehiscentibus. Pastas compressum, ovatum, glabrum, biloculare,

loculis biovulatis, ovulis ascendentibus, Discus hypogynus magnus, carno-

sus, cupuliformis. Sty/us stamina vix superans, filiformis. Stigma parvum

capitatum Fructus...... —Frutex Africe tropice occidentalis, subhu-

malis, ramosus, glaber, ramis patentibus, flexuosis. Folia oblongo-ovata,

opposita, subcoriacea, integerrima, undulata, penninervia. Racemi termt-

nales subsecundi deflezi. Pedicelli brachiatim oppositi, basi bracteati brac-

tets lanceolatis membranaceis coloratis (paribus oppositis foliaceis ). Flores

subpubescentes deflexi: calycibus cme bracteisque calycinis omnibus

teritits,

Wuitrietpia Jateritia.

Our plant, here figured, is a very desirable inmate of the

Stove, forming a small bushy shrub, with spreading branches

and copious evergreen foliage; the branches terminated by

racemes of flowers of a rather large size, of which the calyx

and corolla, and often large bracteas, are of one uniform

brick-red color. It is one of the many novelties brought

home to Lord Derby from the interior of Sierra Leone. As a

Genus of Acanthacee, I can refer it to no described one ;

though its affinity (yet not very close) is probably with

_Geissomeria, Lindl., and I have dedicated it to omas

Whitfield, Esq., who, at the risk of his life, and, as we have

reason to know, with much injury to his constitution, has

made several voyages to, and journies into, the interior of

estern-tropical Africa, and formed extensive collections of

living plants and animals. The majority of these have been

sent to the Right Hon. the Earl of Derby; and the Royal

Gardens of Kew have not failed to benefit by that distin-

guished nobleman’s love and patronage of science. To this

source, besides the plant now figured, we are indebted for the

“ African Teak’ (or “ Oak’ as it is often called, and still

unknown as to its Genus), the Napoleonea imperialis, the

splendid Gardenia Stanleyana, MS. (shortly to be figured in

this work), and three other species of the Genus, the bril-

liantly-colored Thunbergia chrysops,” (see our Tab. 4119),

and many other rarities. Our drawing was made at Kew, in

October, 1844; and the same plant was still flowering in

March, 1845.

Descr. A low shrub; with spreading, terete, rather tor-

tuous branches; and opposite, evergreen, entire, ovate or

oblong-ovate, subcoriaceous, waved, penninerved leaves. Pe-

tioles short, flat or slightly grooved above. Racemes terminal.

Pedicels opposite (brachiate or cruciate), drooping, bracteated

at the base; bracteas lanceolate, submembranaceous, the

lowest pair leaf-like. Two other large, ovate, acute, opposite

bracteas are situated at the base of the calyx, and appressed to

it. Calyx large, colored (brick-red, like the calycine bracteas

and corolla), ample, somewhat inflated, subinfundibuliform,

deeply cut into four, erect, concave, acute, nerved segments.

Corolla twice as long as the calyx, orange-red or brick-color,

between campanulate and infundibuliform; the limb two-

lipped ; upper lip with two ovate, acute segments; lower

with three spreading ones. Stamens and style included.

ak 1. Stamens. 2. Pistil." 3, Transverse Section of the Ovary :—mag-

nified.

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Haxermnod: Bxesecae May L112H#3

: Tas. 4156

PERISTERIA Humpotptt; var. fulva.

Humboldt’s Peristeria, or Dove-flower ; tawny-flowered var.

Nat. Ord, ORCHIDE#.—GYNANDRIA MonanpriA,

Gen. Char. (Vide supra Tas. 3479.)

PEeristERIA Humboldti ; racemo elongato pendulo multifloro, sepalis

subrotundo-ovatis concavis, petalis tis minoribus ovatis obtusissimis,

labello subrotundo carnoso valde concavo profunde trilobo, lobis late-

ralibus subrotundis intus lobulo auctis, terminali oblongo-ovato obtuso

canaliculato, disco appendice oblongo-quadrato utrinque dilatato retuso

aucto, columna utrinque superne dilatato-alata.

PerisTer1a Humboldti. Lindl, Bot. Reg. 1843, ¢. 18.

ANcuLoa superba. H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. Am. 1. p. 343. ¢. 93.

Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. p. 160.

8. floribus fulvis. (Tas. nostr. 4156.)

For this noble specimen we are indebted to Mr. Barker, in

Whose collection near Birmingham it flowered in June, 1843.

e color is considerably different from that given by Dr.

Lindley in the Botanical Register, above quoted, on which

account it is here indicated as a variety. Its native country

18 Venezuela, where it was first detected by Humboldt: for

Dr, Lindley has clearly determined that the Anguloa superba

of that author is in reality this plant, represented in an im-

perfect state. It is one of the most striking among Orchi-

deous plants, and few are more worthy of cultivation. The

true Anguloa of Ruiz and Pavon, is ascertained by Dr. Lindley —

to be a very different Genus. |

Descr. Pseudo-bulbs oblong, tapering upwards, angled.

Leaves several from a young pseudo-bulb, broadly lanceolate,

somewhat membranaceous, striated. Raceme a foot and a 4,

half to two feet long, pendent, arising from the base of the _

udo-bulbs ; peduncle short, scaly. Flowers numerous, —

arge, fleshy, of a tawny yellow color, dashed almost all over

With spots of purplish-brown. At first the flower is irregu-

larly io afterwards the floral coverings are more patent,

VOL. I. F ,

Sepals broad, rotundato-ovate, very concave, the lateral ones

the largest, united at their lower margin, and produced or

gibbous at the base. Petals applied to the sides of the lip,

broad-ovate, much smaller than the sepals. Lip with a broad,

thick claw, very fleshy, gibbous at the back, deeply three-

lobed : central lobe ovate, obtuse; lateral lobes large, sub-

rotund, much incurved, each having a projecting lobule

at its base within. The color of the lip is a brighter yellow

than the rest of the flower, and the spots are deep purple.

A large, purple, oblong gland is situated near the base of

the intermediate lobe, on the disk. Column short, with a

projecting, rounded wing on each side. -Anther-case rostrate.

Pollen-masses linear-oblong, broader upwards, attached to a

oe stipes, and that to a large, somewhat lunate

gland.

_Fig. 1. Side view of the Labellum and Column. 2. Front or inner

view of the Labellum. 3. Front view of the Column. 4. Pollen-masses:

—magnified,

Pub.bu S.Cartis Glaxenmood Essex May 11842

Swam So. -

<

\

3

~

&

te

Tas. 4157

CALCEOLARIA tsa.

White-flowered Calceolaria.

Nat. Ord. ScropHULARINEZ.—DIANDRIA MonoGynta.

CALCEOLARIA. (Vide supra Tas, 3255.)

Catcrotaria alba; suffruticosa resinoso-viscosa, foliis linearibus acutis

remote serratis, panicula terminali foliosa, pedunculis oppositis corym-

bosis, corolle clause (albe) labio superiore parvo, inferiore 5-plo

majore inflato compresso.

Catcrotarta alba. Rutz et Pav. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1. p. 19. t. 27.f. 6.

Walp, Repert. Bot. 3. p. 164.

A native of Chili; but, probably, of rare occurrence, at

least, it has not, till now, been introduced to our gardens.

Mr. Veitch received seeds from his Collector, Mr. William

Lobb, and plants raised from them flowered in his nursery in

September, 1844. From one of these our drawing was taken.

It is singular in the very pale, nearly white, color of the

flowers. The foliage, though narrow, is copious, and the

— has an erect and graceful mode of growth. Ruiz and

avon’s figure represents the corolla with the lips spreading :

but this is probably owing to its being taken from a dried

Specimen. The species will, perhaps, bear our mild winters.

Descr. Plant apparently suffruticose, erect, branched ;

branches opposite. Leaves opposite, and copious fascicles of

leaves arise from’ their axils, all of them linear, or a little

broader upwards, acute, sometimes entire; but generally re-

motely serrated, more or less viscid. Panicle terminal, leafy,

elongated ; peduncles opposite, from the axil of a leaf, and

each bearing a corymb of white flowers. Pedicels dichoto-

mous, bearing a flower in the fork. Calyx four-cleft. Corolla

white, of two very unequal lips; the upper one very small,

the lower one large, both are, however, ee and they

meet together so that the faux is quite closed.

E j oe Same ©

W. Fitch ded# Pub.by S. Curtis Claxenwood. Fissex May 118435 HZ

Tap. 4155" *

SALPIXANTHA coccinEa.

Scarlet Trumpet-flower.

Nat. Ord. ACANTHACEZ.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. SALPIXANTHA. Hook.—Calyz parvus, ovatus, 5-den-

tatus, basi bibracteatus. Corolla infundibuliformi-hypocrateriformis: tubo

basi angustato cylindraceo, sursum sensim dilatato ; limbo regulari patente

quinquelobo, lobis retusis. Stamina 4, tubi parte contracta inserta: Fila-

menta subequalia, gracilia, glabra, longitudine tubi totius: Anthere ob-

longe, dorso affixe, uniloculares. Ovarium ovatum, disco carnoso impo-

situm, biloculare; loculis biovulatis; ovulis adscendentibus : Stylus gracilis,

filiformis, stamina paulo superans: Stzgma obtusum. Fructus _

Frutex humilis Indie Occidentalis, ramosus ; ramis teretibus glabris (ut et

tota "teoagg Folia opposita, ovata, subcoriacea, integerrima. Pedunculi

azil ares, solitari, penduli, vel terminales, terni. Flores sessiles decussate

opposita in spicam laxam dispositi, distantes. Corolla pulchra, nitida,

‘coccinea,

SALPIXANTHA coccinea.

This curious plant, which has at first sight, indeed, little

apparent affinity with the Acanthacee (Sect. Ruelliacee),

was discovered by Mr.. Purdie, Botanical Collector for the

Royal Gardens, in the island of Jamaica, whence it was sent

to the Royal Gardens. It blossomed freely in the stove dur-

ing the autumn of the same year, and in the early winter of

1844-5, and made a very pretty appearance, with its grace-

fully pendent, scarlet blossoms, and its well-formed dark-

green foliage. It appears to me to be new as a Genus; nor

can I find the plant is anywhere, or under any name,

described. :

Descr. It is a low shrub, branched, and glabrous in every

part, the young shoots green, rounded. The leaves opposite,

on short petioles, ovate, subcoriaceous, somewhat waved,

entire, penninerved, dark-green, rather paler beneath. Pedun-

cles axillary and solitary, or terminal, and then ternate,

drooping, the lateral ones, however, terminate a two-leaved

branch, or innovation, while the central peduncle springs

*

from the apex of the older branch. The upper part of this

peduncle bears rich red-coloured flowers, arranged in a spike;

the flowers decussately opposite.

Fig. 1. Corolla laid open. 2. Anther. 3. Vertical section of the Ovary.

4. Transverse ditto :—magnified.

Paub.by S. Curtis Glaxenwood Essex May LIS#3

Tas. 4159

ANGRACUM apicutatum.

Apiculated Angrecum.

Nat. Ord. OncHIDE#.—GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA., ©

ANGRAECUM. (Vide supra Tas. 4145.)

ANnGR&cuM bilobum ; caule brevi radicante, foliis distichis obovato-lanceo-

_ latis oblique acuminatis opacis striatis racemo pendulo levi (everru-

coso) multifloro multo brevioribus, sepalis petalisque lanceolatis

patentibus, labello conformi paulo latiore calcare filiformi integro bre-

viore, antheree crista eglandulosa.

___ From Sierra Leone, introduced to our gardens by Mr.

Whitfield, in 1844. I was at first disposed to consider it

the same with A. bilobum, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 35; but

that has semipellucid, reticulated leaves, distinctly and deeply

two-lobed at the extremity, (whence the specific name), the

rachis of the raceme and peduncle are warty, and the spur is

dilated and emarginate at the apex. In other respects the two

plants seem almost entirely to agree. :

Descr. Stem three to five inches long, rooting, below

scarred and scaly with the remains of fallen leaves, leafy

above. Leaves distichous, spreading, four to five inches long,

obovato-lanceolate, obliquely apiculate, opaque, longitudinally

striated. Raceme axillary, on a rather short, scaly peduncle,

drooping. Rachis quite smooth. Flowers white, or only

tipped with brownish purple. Sepals and petals spreading,

lanceolate, nearly uniform, the former more acuminated. Lip

resembling the petals, but rather broader, and more suddenly

acuminated ; at the base extended into a very long, filiform

spur, entire at the apex. Column short, subtrigonal. Anther-

case hemispherical, indistinctly two-lobed, with a mucronate

crest at the top,—not granulated like that of A. bilobum.

Fig. 1. Column, Lip, and Spur: nat. size. 2. Front view of the Column

and Anther. 3, Pollen-masses :—magnified.

i p SS

its 7

: Oey panes i

Nan wi Ka) we

Sy A,) ts ys

se

Fitch dei t Pub by S.-

lartis Glaxenwood. ti May z 1945 IEE

Tas. 4160

DENDROBIUM primpriatuM; var. oculatum.

Fringe-lipped Dendrobium ; var. with sanguineous eye.

Nat. Ord. ORCHIDE2.—GYNANDRIA MoNnoGynia.

DENDROBIUM. (Vide supra Tas. 4013.)

DENDROBIUM fimbriatum; caulibus erectis fertilibus plerumque aphyllis,

foliis lanceolatis striatis, racemis plurifloris, sepalis oblongis patentissi-

mis integerrimis, petalis majoribus undulatis ciliato-denticulatis, labello

indiviso cucullato fimbriis laceratis.

DeNpDRoBIUM fimbriatum. Hook. Ex. Fl. & 71. Wall. Cat. n. 2011.

Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. p. 83.

Var. oculatum; labello fauce macula lata atro-sanguinea. (Tas. nostr.

4160.)

A native of Nepal, whence plants have from time to time

been sent to our stoves by Dr. Wallich. It first blossomed in

the Liverpool Botanic Bitten: as stated in the “ Exotic

Flora: and the flowers were of an uniform golden yellow.

Our present plant, in the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew, has

a dick blood-coloured eye-like spot in the centre of the label-

lum, which adds greatly to the beauty of this otherwise very

charming plant. This state of it, Dr. Lindley considers that

of the native specimens. It flowered with us in September,

1843.

Descr. Stems a foot or a foot and a half long, jointed

and furrowed. Leaves, several confined to the sterile branches,

four or five inches long, alternate, striated, sheathing at the

base. Racemes from the sterile branches, drooping, bearing

five to seven large and exceedingly handsome flowers, of a

rich golden-yellow colour. Sepals and petals very patent:

the former oblong, more or less waved, entire; the latter

larger and broader, waved, and ciliato-dentate at the margin.

Lip large, cucullate, spreading at the mouth, entire, or very

indistinctly three-lobed, and fimbriated, the fimbriz them-

selves elegantly divided, the faux having a deep blood-red spot

on the lower side. Column short, but prolonged below, so as

to form a spur with the bases of the lateral sepals. Anther

hemispherical, and somewhat four-angled..

Fig. 1. Column. 2. The same, with the Anther-case separating. 3. 4.

Pollen-masses. 5, Portion of the Fringe :—magnvjied.

Swan St

W. fitch ded.* Pub. by S. Curtis Glazenwood Fiossex May /. 18S

Tas. 4161

POLYSTACHYA BrRAcTEOSA.

Bracteated Polystachya.

Nat. Ord. OrncHIDEZ.—GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

POLYSTACHYA. (Vide supra Tas. 3707.)

PoLystTacHya bracteosa; pseudo-bulbis subrotundis compressis aggre-

gatis, folio unico petiolato oblongo-ovato acuto, racemo e summitate

petioli nutanti pubescente pedunculoque bracteato, bracteis (infima

foliacea) lanceolatis acuminatis concavis inferioribus florem zquantibus

v. superantibus, petalis obovato-oblongis glabris, labello lato-oblongo

revoluto medio longitudinaliter villoso lobo medio subrotundo.

PoLysTacHya bracteosa. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. Misc. n. 102.

A native of Sierra Leone. Drawn from the Woburn Collec-

tion of Orchidee in the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew,

to which it was communicated by Mr. Whitfield from Sierra

Leone. Dr. Lindley observes, it is well distinguished by its

downy flowers, tapering squarrose bracts, which extend down

the peduncle, the lowermost one being very large and leaf-

like, at least in our flowering specimen.

Descr. Pseudo-bulbs about an inch in diameter, suborbi-

cular, singularly compressed, and the old ones, especially,

very uneven on the surface :—from the summit arises a stout

petiole, an inch or an inch and a half long, bearing a solitary,

oblong-ovate, acute, somewhat membranaceo-coriaceous leaf,

with a few longitudinal lines or nerves. From the base of

the leaf, in a cleft at the summit of the petiole, arises the

peduncle, bearing, at its origin, a very large, leafy bractea,

and other smaller, membranaceous, but green, ones above it ;

these are concave, lanceolate, and much acuminate. Raceme

many-flowered, drooping, downy. Flowers dull pele foe

bracteated: bracteas similar to those of the peduncle; the

lower ones as long as the flowers; the upper ones pubescent.

Sepals downy, erecto-patent ; upper one oblong-lanceolate ;

lateral ones broadly rotundato-ovate, the base decurrent on

the long descending base of the column. Petals erect, obovato-

oblong, glabrous. Zip broad, oblong, the lower half erect,

and applied to the face of the column, then recurved; the

disk with three pubescent lines: lateral lobes streaked with

red; terminal lobe small, ovato-rotundate. Column very

short, but the base extending downwards some way with the

lateral sepals. Anther-case subconical.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Flower, with the Sepals removed. 3. Column and

Lip. 4. 5. Anterior and posterior view of the Pollen-masses.

ele cad t biog 5 wis Glaxenwool Essex Sane L184

Tas. 4162

ECHINOCACTUS oxyaonus.

Sharp-angled Echinocactus.

Nat. Ord. CacTE®.—IcosaNDRIA MoNoGYNIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra Tax. 4124.)

Ecutnocactus ozygonus; subglobosus v. magis minusve elongatus ver-

tice depresso 13—15 angularis, sinubus profundis, costis compressis

sinuato-lobatis circa areolas subinflatis, areolis remotis rotundis junio-

ribus flavido-dein griseo-tomentosis, aculeis 6—8—10 semiuncialibus

subulatis rectiusculis subequalibus patentibus, floribus (roseis) inter

maximos, tubo longissimo superne dilatato squamis villosis. )

Ecuinocactus oxygonus. Link et Olto in Verhandl. des Pr. Gart.

Vareins. v. 6. t. 1. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t.1717. Pferff. Enum. Cact.

p. 70.

Scarcely any plant possesses more noble or more lovely

blossoms than the present; and they are the more striking,

from the circumstance of their being produced from so grace-

less and small a trunk. It is, moreover, a free-flowering

plant in the month of May ; and we have, while I am writing,

specimens with three blossoms expanded at the same time:

their duration, is, in cloudy weather at least, of two days.

The species is said to be a native of South Brazil. |

Descr. Our specimens are from seven to ten inches in

height, subglobose, but generally a little longer than broad ;

hence somewhat oval, or obovate, depressed at the top; green

slightly inclining to glaucous. There are from thirteen to

fifteen deep furrows, with acute sinuses, and as many pro-

minent, compressed ridges, sinuato-lobate at their edges.

Areole about three-fourths of an inch apart, sunk, as it were,

in the upper edge of each lobe, spherical, woolly, with six to

ten, rather short, straightish, spreading, nearly equal spines.

It is from the areole of some of the upper lobes that the

flowers spring, a span and more long, often longer than the

plant itself. Tube very long, trumpet-shaped, greenish, with

many red-brown, villous, appressed scales, which gradually

VOL. I. G

become longer and larger upwards, and pass into deep rose-

colored, calycine segments, and these again into the oblong,

apiculate, slightly serrated, pale rose-colored, spreading petals.

tamens pale straw-color, copious, nearly equal in, height. |

Style and stigmas almost white.

Fig. 1. Reduced figure of a Flower.

2. Upper portion of a Plant and

Flowers :—nat. size.

ro

(uae Si

LIP#ES

Gaovenwood Essex June

Linh by S§. Curtis

MM ge

—=

W. Pitch del *

i

i

Hh

Tas. 4163

ERIA Ditiwyyu.

Dillwyn Llewelyn’s Eria.

Nat. Ord. OncHIDE#.—GYNANDRIA MoNANDRIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra Tas. 3605.)

. Enrta Dillwynit; pseudo-bulbis oblongis levibus di- 4-phyllis, foliis oblon-

gis racemis subequalibus, bracteis membranaceis oblongis obtusis

reflexis, racemis erectis, petalis sepalisque erectis, labello trilobo basi

trilamellato, lobo medio rotundato obtuso 5-lamellato.

From the Philippine Islands, whence it was received by

Dillwyn Llewelyn, Esq., of Pennleegar, through Mr. Cuming,

in whose collection it blossomed freely in March, 1843. “ 1

send you,” Mr. Llewelyn says, “ a specimen of one of Mr.

Cuming’s Erias, which is valuable from the great facility

with which it submits to cultivation, and the profusion with

which it bears its flowers. It blossomed in my stove last

year ; and this season it is a beautiful object, with seven or

eight bulbs, each bearing two spikes of flowers.” It does not

Seem to accord with any described species of the Genus. ;

Descr. Pseudo-bulbs oblong, nearly smooth on the sur-

face, dark green, clothed at the base with large, striated,

membranaceous, sheathing scales. Leaves about four; from

the top of the pseudo-bulb, six to eight inches long: oblong,

obtuse. Raceme of flowers*about as long as the leaf, re-

markable for the copious, pale-colored bracteas;, on the

peduncle, as well as on the rachis, oblong, obtuse, reflexed,

membranaceous. Flowers nearly white, or cream-colored.

Petals and sepals almost erect, uniform, lanceolate, acumi-

nate, slightly faleate; the lower decurrent with the base of

the column into a blunt spur. Zip oblong, three-lobed, with

three lamellw reaching the whole length to the apex, or

nearly so; the two lateral ones thickened, and red at the

base; the intermediate lobe, besides these three lamelle,

presents two others, and has, consequently, five lamelle or

plates. Column with a red blotch at the protruded base. |

Anther red.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Column. 3, Lip:—magnified,

W. Pitch del?

SE

é . Carte. ; CGE Swan

Pub. by Oo. Crrttes Glaxenwo0d. Bisson Sane LIS€5

_ Tas. 4164

MASDEVALLIA renestRAta.

Windowed Masdevallia.

Nat. Ord. OrcHIDE2.—GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

Gen. Char. MASDEVALLIA. Ruiz et Pav.—Perianthium clau-

sum, sepalis acuminatis v. aristatis in tubum campanulatum connatum.

Petala nana. Labellum nanum, oblongum, concavum, integrum, cum

colwnna articulatum. Columna erecta, linearis, canaliculata. Anthera

(hemispherica). Pollinia duo, caudicula brevi.—Herbe foliis Pleurothal-

lidis, scapis unzfloris. Lindl.

MasDEvaLLi fenestrata; folio oblongo emarginato petiolo multo longiore

cauli subsequali, floribus aggregatis, pedunculis petiolo vix equalibus,

sepalis carinatis apice ‘connatis dorsali utrinque infra apicem libero

ideoque fenestram efficiente, petalis obovatis mucronulatis, labelli tri-

lobi fobis lateralibus subtriangularibus intermedio ovato acuto ciliato.

Lindl. MSS.

MAsDEVALLIA fenestrata. Lindl. ined.

This is one of the very curious productions of nature, of

which there are such frequent instances in the Orchideous

plants. The plant is not only singular in color, the flowers

being externally of a deep blackish blood-color, but still more

singular in form, with the sepals united below and at the

apex, leaving a small space much below the apex, which is

open and window-like; the whole representing the head of a

bird, with a perforation where the eyes should be, Our

plants were sent from Jamaica by our Collector, Mr. Purdie,

in 1843, and they flowered in October, 1844, and during

most of the winter months, in the Orchideous House of the —

Royal Gardens. ; a oe

Escr. Plants growing clustered: each consisting of a

stem, or petivle, clothed with sheathing scales, and terminated

by a solitary (rarely two) oblongo-elliptical leaf. Peduncles

ageregated in the upper sheath at the base of the leaf,

deflexed, bracteated, single-flowered. Flower (large in pro-

portion to the plant) of a dark brown or blood-color: the

three sepals united, except at a small opening below the apex; —

the apex acute, and curved upwards: this floral covering is

set obliquely on the germen, as shown at fig 1. 2. When the

sepals are forced open, the rest of the flower is seen as at

fig 3. Petals much smaller than the sepals, ovate, acute,

pale purple at the edge. Lip oblong, acuminate, serrated at

the apex, with a small lobe on each side, near the middle.

Column semiterete. Anther-case hemispherical. Pollen-

masses two-lobed.

Fig. 1. Entire Flower. 2. Flower, with the Sepals laid open, to show

the Petals, &. 3. Petals, Lip and Column removed. 4. Column, with the

Lip laid open. 5. Pollen-masses :—all more or less magnified.

Well

Clazenwood ky

Pah bh

W Fitch alt

Tas. 4165

EPIDENDRUM toneicoue.

Long-neched Epidendrum.

Nat. Ord. ORcHIDEH.—GYNANDRIA MoNoOGYNIA.

[Gen. Char. (Vide supra Tas. 4107.).

EPIDENDRUM Jlongicolle; caule erecto compresso folioso, foliis linearibus

apice angustatis, floribus aggregatis terminalibus nutantibus foliis bre-

vioribus, sepalis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis patentibus, petalis linea-

ribus acutis supra columnam convergentibus, labelii trilobi lobis late-

ralibus semiovatis acutis integerrimis intermedio lincari-acuminato

poe brevioribus, lamellis bicallosis ad basin.collo ovarii elongato.

andl.

EPIDENDRUM longicolle. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1838. Mise. n. 49.

This, I believe, is a rare species; and, at present, in few

collections. It is a native of Demerara, and blossomed in the

stove of the Royal Botanic Gardens, in February, 1844.

What it lacks in beauty, is made up in fragrance.

Descr. Stems clustered, erect, simple, rounded or com-

pressed upwards ; bare of leaves at the base, but clothed with

membranous sheaths, above leafy: Jeaves linear-lanceolate,

subdistichous. Flowers terminal, clustered, shorter than the

leaves, white. Sepals and petals linear-acuminate. Lip com-

bined with the column, three-lobed, with two pale yellow cal-

losities at the base; lateral lobes large, semiovate, with a deep

sinus between them, in which is the narrow, linear, acute,

intermediate lobe. Ovary narrow, much attenuated.

Fig. 1. Column and Lip:—slightly magnified, —

Pub, by

Tas. 4166

BOLBOPHYLLUM Carnyanum.

Dr. Carey's Bolbophyllim.

‘Nat. Ord. OrcHiIpDE®.—GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra Tab, 4088.)

BoLBopHyLLum Careyanum; rhizomate repente, pseudo-bulbis oblongo-

ovatis levibus membranaceo- vaginatis, folio solitario oblongo-lanceo-

lato obtuso basi angustiore, racemo pseudo-bulbi longitudine, pedunculo

perbrevi squamoso, floribus imbricatis, sepalis ovatis acuminatis latera-

libus duplo majoribus conniventibus, petalis minimis acuminatis,

labello ovato longe unguiculato utrinque unidentato, columna bicor-

nuta.

BoLBoPHYLLUM Careyanum. Spreng. Syst. Veget. 3. p.732. Wall. Cat.

n. 1990. Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. p. 51. -

ANISOPETALUM Careyanum. Hook. Exot. Fi. t. 149.

TRIBRACHIA purpurea. Lindl. Coll. Bot. p. 41.

PLEUROTHALLIS purpurea. Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 33.

Native of Nepal and Martaban, according to Wallich. We

are indebted for living plants in the Kew Gardens to the

kindness of the lamented Dr. Griffith. It is more curious

than showy, and is probably rare in collections.

Descr. The pseudo-bulbs are between oblong and ovate,

and clothed with a membranous, scaly sheath, arising, at

distant intervals, from a creeping rhizoma. Leaf solitary,

from the summit of each bulb, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, cori-

aceous, tapering at the base. Peduncle short, scaly with

bracteas, arising from the base of a pseudo-bulb, and termi-

nated by a dense, ovate head or spike of imbricated flowers, of

a yellow color, mottled and dotted with small, blood-colored

spots. Sepals unequal, ovate, concave, the lateral ones twice

or thrice the largest and connivent. Petals vif subulate,

pono, with a blood-colored spot at the base. Lip with a

ong claw, ovate, reflexed, with a small lobe or tooth on each

L

LIST) i nae

re 1. Side view, and 2, front view of a-Flower. 3. Column ‘and Lip.

Outer, and 5, hp view of an Anther-case. 6. Pollen-masees melee

Pes Wao g

Pape ee

oloileg,

2 nolde 2 al

oe agso8

re aes

Gh 4

aaa t ‘

W. Fitch dal*

PUB. by

N

Crirtis

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ioe

Pol

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a

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iia

&

Cletrnwnod Issac Jane t I8#S

Swat OO

f / Ee FLGE.

Witch del’ Pah. by S. Curtis (laxenwootd bssez Satu 1 1845 Swan 3.

Tas. 4167, 4168

STRELITZIA aveusta.

Great White Strelitzia.

Nat. Ord. MusacE#£.—PENTANDRIA MoNOGYNIA.

Gen. Char. STRELITZIA, Banks et Ait—Perigonii epigyni foliola

exteriora subequalia, anticum carinatum; inéeriora lateralia exterioribus

subconformia, inter se connata, acuminata, latere versus medium auriculata,

genitalia amplectentia, posticum nanum concavum. Stamina 5, sexto

postico abortiente. Ovarium inferum, triloculare. Ovula in loculorum

angulo centrali plurima, biseriata, horizontalia, anatropa. Stylus filiformis ;

stigma pe eden laciniis linearibus. Capsula trilocularis, loculicido-tri-

valvis. Semina plurima, subglobosa, ‘uniculo brevi, in arillum stupposum

fatiscente affixa, testa fuliginea, levi. Embryo orthotropus, linearis, in

axi albuminis farinaceo-cornei, extremitate radiculart umbilicum spectante,

centripeta.—Herbe Capenses, folis radicalibus maximis, distichis, longe

petiolatis, petiolis canaliculatis, basi dilatatis, vaginantibus ; scapo radu

vaginis velato, floribus e spatha terminali obliqua erectis, Endl.

STRELITZIA augusta ; caudice elongato, foliis longe petiolatis oblongis acu-

tis basi cordatis parallelim nervosis basi cordatis, scapo brevissimo. _

STRELITZIA augusta. “ Thunb. Prodr. p. 45. Fi. — p. 216. Willd.

a Pl. v. I. p.1190. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. p. 55. Roem. et Sch.

yst. Veget. v. 5. p. 594. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 1. p. 833.

A native of Southern Africa, with the other species of

Strelitzia. Anteniqua Land, about the neighbourhood of the

Pisang River, is the station given for it by Thunberg.

According to the Hortus Kewensis, it was introduced to

Europe in 1791 by Mr. Francis Masson, then Botanical Col-

lector for the Royal Gardens. It is still a rare plant in our

collections; not indeed that it is difficult of increase, for it

sends out offsets frequently, but it requires the heat of a

stove, and more space than cultivators can generally afford to

give it. Thunberg describes the native caudex or trunk, as

eighteen feet long; and the leaves and petioles from the

summit of that probabl add as many more feet to It. In

the Royal Gardens of Kew, it has, including the leaves,

attained a height of twenty-three feet. The flowering speci-

men, however, from which our present drawing 1s is

VOL, I, G

comparatively young, and its caudex short. With us, it

flowered during the whole of the summer and autumn months,

with a scape or: peduncle infinitely shorter than the petioles,

though the character in the Hortus Kewensis gives it as the

* flower-stalk half. the length of the leaf-stalk.” Our in-

florescence is almost sessile, and so it was in the larger plant

which had been observed to blossom at Kew.

Descr. Caudex eventually attaining a height of eighteen

feet, stout, six to eight inches in diameter, erect, marked with

the transverse scars of fallen leaves ; deep purple-color, pro-

liferous from the sides, bearing, at the summit, a crown of

distichous leaves, much resembling those of Urania or

Ravenala. Leaves ample, two to three feet long, oblong,

acute, cordate at the base, bright green, costate, and marked.

with conspicuous, transverse, parallel veins. Petiole four to

six feet long, sheathing, and grooved at the base; upwards

laterally compressed. Peduncle from the axil of an inferior

leaf, short, bracteated ; bracteas lanceolate, brown, more or

less tinged with yellow, concavo-involute. Spatha broadly

lanceolate, conduplicate, very acute, of a deep purple-color,

generally having drops of transparent fluid, which run down

from the flowers. Flowers several in each spatha, on short

purple stalks or pedicels. Their general structure is similar to

what is stated at Tab. 119 of the flowers of S. Regine, but

they are larger and altogether white ; and the two larger inner

sepals, which unite to form the so-called “ nectary,” have the

lobes short and obtuse. Stamens the same, white. Style

and stigma also white; the three branches of thé latter

_ cohering into a subulate body.

Tas. 4168, Fig. 1. Inner Sepals, including the Stamens and Pistil:—

nat, size, ,

+ aa 3

Swan

Pub.by S. Curtis Glatennaod Essex Suly 1.1843

W. Fitch: del?

-Tas. 4169

LEIANTHUS LONGIFOLIUS.

Long-leaved Leianthus.

Nat. Ord. GENTIANEZ.—PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Char. Gen. LEIANTHUS. Griseb—Calyx 5-fidus, 5-carinatus v.

5-alatus, lobis valvaribus planiusculis acuminatis, carinis alisve dorsalibus.

Corolla infundibuliformis, nuda, tubi fundo tenui supra germen in faucem

longiorem cum limbo 5-partito confluentem equalem ampliato. Stamina 5,

supra fundum corolle inserta, filamentis elongatis inequalibus. Anthera_

incumbentes, immutate neque apiculate. Ovarium annulo basibus desti-

tutum, valvulis introflexis semibiloculare, ovulis ipsarum margini insertis.

Stylus distinctus, persistens, stigmate indiviso capitulato. Capsula bival-

vis, septicida, semibilocularis, placentis margini valyarum insertis. Semina

placentis! immersa.—Herbe vel frutices Jamaice et Americe centralis,

ag 6 sa eseai Jloribus albidis vel flavis, rarius cyanets, gracilibus.

le Cand.

Letantuvs longifolius ; caule suffruticoso teretiusculo, foliis petiolatis ob-

longo-lanceolatis acuminatis, cymis 3—5-floris, alis calycinis lanceo-

lato-linearibus, corolle (lutee) tubo gracili sensim ampliato, lobis

oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis genitalia equantibus. Griseb.

Letanruus longifolius. Griseb. Gent. p. 196. De Cand. Prodr. 9. p. 82.

Listantuvus longifolius. Linn. Mant. p. 43. Lam, fil. t. 107. f. 1.

Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 826. Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 880. Spreng. Syst.

Veget. v. 1. p. 586.

Tascuta longifolia. Mart. in Don’s Gard, Dict. 4. 197.

ListantuUus erectus, foliis lanceolatus, floribus singularibus terminalibus.

Brown, Jam. p. 157. t. 9. f. 1. *

Rapuncutus fruticosus linifolius, &e. Sloane, Jam. 1. p. 15. t. 101.f. 1.

’

A rare plant in our gardens. It was introduced, however,

to Kew, as early as 1793, by Capt. Bligh, of H. M. 8. Provi-

dence, and then lost to our collections till 1825, when it was

oma in the Botanical Register from cern in the

ursery of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy at Hammersmith.

Again, it seems to have been wanting to our stoves till the .

summer of 1844, when it flowered in that of His Grace the

Duke of Northumberland at Syon, and that of Kew, to both ©

which places the seeds were sent by their Botanical Collector,

r. Purdie,

’

Descr. A small suffruticose plant, two to three feet high,

with opposite and downy, spreading or drooping, branches ;

and opposite and more or less downy or hairy /eaves: the

latter are two to four or five inches long, lanceolate, more or

less acuminate at both ends, nearly sessile, the margin cili-

ated. Peduncles axillary, opposite, leafy, axillary, generally

ndent; or they may be called flowering brdnches: the

lossoms forming terminal, leafy, trichotomous cymes. Calyx

of five, erect, close-placed sepals, lanceolate, acuminate, keeled

and winged on the back. Corolla funnel-shaped, yellow,

long; the tube narrow at the base, gradually enlarging

upwards, and terminating in a deeply five-lobed limb;

the segments oblong, acuminate, spreading. Stamens five.

Filaments longer than the tube, thus exserted. Anthers

oblong, acute. Style larger than the stamens. Stigma capi-

tate, two-lobed.

Fig. 1. Calyx. 2. Pistil.

Swan Sa

: ow: Tas. 4170-

SIDA (AsuTILoN) PAONIZFLORA,

Peony-flowered Sida.

Nat. Ord. Manvace#.—MoNADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. ? Yo

Gen. Char. (Vide supra TaB. 3892.) es ,

Sipa (ABUTILON) peonieflora ; fruticosa, ramis teretibus pubescenti-hirsu-

tis, foliis brevi-petiolatis late ovatis acuminatis serratis pubescentibus,

basi trinerviis, stipulis subulatis deciduis, pedunculis axillaribus binis

ternisve unifloris folio brevioribus: pubescenti-hirsutis, calyce ventri-

coso basi obtuso 5-fido, segmentis ovatis acutis reflexis, petalis valde

concavis rotundatis venosis, germine globoso, stylis 12—13.

This is another of the interesting discoveries of Mr. Wm.

Lobb, while on a Botanical mission for Messrs. Veitch of

Exeter, in the Organ mountains of Brazil. It is, indeed, a

remarkable fact, and an evidence of the great variety of the

Brazilian vegetation, that, although Mr. Lobb and Mr.

Gardner were botanizing in the same range of mountains at

the same time, each of them met with plants which the other

did not find. The present species will rank in the section

Abutilon, and along with Sida picta, and S. Bedfordiana. It.

flowered in the stove of Mr. Veitch’s Nursery, in January,

1845, and seems new to our books, as it assuredly is to

our gardens, where, indeed, it is likely to prove highly

ornamental.

Descr. Probably, when fully grown, a tall shrub or small

tree ; the branches downy, mixed with hairs. Leaves four to

six inches long, ovate, acuminate, slightly downy, conspi-

cuously serrated, penninerved, three-nerved at the base, all

the main nerves connected by slender, transverse ones.

Petiole short, downy, with two subulate stipules at the base,

which are soon deciduous. Peduncles shorter than the leaves,

erect, downy, and hairy, rarely solitary, generally two to

three in the axils of the leaves, single-flowered. Flowers

large. Calyx downy, ventricose, and very obtuse at the base,

as it were, truncated ; five-fid, with the segments acute, some-

what reflexed. Petals very concave, erecto-patent, nearly

orbicular, on a short claw, of a red-rose-color, with pale veins.

Anthers numerous, yellow-orange. Pistil: germen or ovary,

globose, downy, and hairy. Style dividing into twelve or

thirteen erect branches, each with a capitate stigma.

Fig. 1. Pistil :—magnified.

Tas. 4171

GOMPHOLOBIUM sarsicErum.

Fringe-keeled Gompholobium.

Nat. Ord. LEGuMINos&.—DEcANDRIA MoNnoGYNIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra Tas. 1533.)

. GoMPHoLoBiumM barbigerum; ramis angulatis, foliis trifoliolatis, foliolis

lato-linearibus setaceo-acutis, carina margine barbata, vexillo amplo

petalis calyceque majore. :

GoMPHoLosium barbigerum. De Cand. Prodr. 2. p. 105.

GomPHoLosivum fimbriatum. Sieb. Pl. Exsicc. Nov. Holl. n. 361. (in Herb.

nostr.) not Sm.

One of the most beautiful of the many New Holland

Leguminose, confounded by Sieber with the G. fimbriatum,

but correctly determined by De Candolle, and named by

him “ barbigerum’’ in allusion to the curious, deep, beard-like

fringe on the margins of the keel of the corolla; on which

character it is readily distinguished from G. grandiflorum,

and no less easily by its broader leaves and larger flowers. No

exact locality is given for the lant. by Sieber, nor by Mr.

Fraser (in Herb. nostr.): but I possess beautiful specimens

thered:at Port Stephen by Capt. Sir Edward Parry. It

owers in the greenhouse of the Nursery of Messrs. Lucombe

and Pince, who appear to have been the first to introduce it

alive to this country, in April, 1845.

Descr. Apparently a moderate-sized shrub, with twiggy,

erect, glabrous, angular branches. Leaves shortly petioled,

bearing three rather broadly-linear, more or less acute,

often setaceous (sometimes obtuse or even retuse) leaflets,

tapering at the base. Flowers copious, very large, terminal,

or usually on short, axillary branches, with small leaves,

_ which in structure resemble those of the stem. Calyx cam-

panulate, of five deep, oblong, acute, segments. Corolla full

yellow: Standard, or vexillum, very large, suborbicular, but

much broader than long, hence subreniform, and considerably

larger than the rest of the petals, Wings somewhat deflexed,

obliquely oval, obtuse. Carina obliquely obovate, clawed, with

a remarkable, deep, woolly fringe at the apex and along the

upper margin. Stamens ten, unequal, free. Pistil stipitate.

vary oblong, laterally compressed. Style as long as, or.

longer than, the ovary, carried upwards: Stigma a mere

point.

Fig. 1. Petals of the Carina. 2, Stamens and Pistil. 3, Pistil separated

from the Stamens :—magnified.

Pub. by S. Cnrtis

' Swaw Pe:

Glasenwood. LSSEx: Sily LIS £9

ontPap, U9 «i

- BEGONIA axso-cocctnza.

Scarlet and White-flowered Begonia; or Elephants Ear.

Nat. Ord. Brcontace#.—Moneacia PoLYANDRIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra Tab. 4131.)

Bgconta albo-coccinea ; acaulis, foliis oblique ovatis obtusissimis subre-

niformibus peltatis coriaceo-carnosis sublobato-sinuatis glaberrimis

longitudine petiolorum, petiolis appresso-hirsutis, sepalis 2 exteri-

oribus rotundatis (extus coccineis), reliquis minoribus obovatis (albis),

fructu turbinato trialato alis latis subequalibus.

One of the most lovely of this beautiful Genus, which we

cannot too much recommend for cultivation to all admirers

of hothouse plants, blooming throughout the spring and

summer months; the flowers numerous, white and coral-red.

Our plants were raised in the Royal Gardens of Kew, from

oa sent from India by — Strachan, Esq., of Twickenham,

urrey.

Dusen: Stem none; or so short, that the plant may fairly

be called stemless. From a short, thick column, spring the

stout, red-colored Jeaf-stalks, two to five or six inches long,

terete, with scattered appressed hairs on the surface ; their

base sheathed with large, lax, membranaceous stipules. Leaves

from two to five or six inches in diameter; in general the

length being about equal to that of the petiole, quite glabrous,

obliquely ovate, very obtuse, approaching to reniform, the

margins slightly re exed, sinuate, and unequally sublobate,

peltate, the point of insertion excentric, and towards the prin-

cipal sinus. The texture is thick, between fleshy and _cori-

aceous. Scapes a foot to a foot and a half high, twice as

long as, or more, than the leaves, terete, red, branched

above into a many-flowered, spreading, lax panicle, with small :

bracteas at the setting on of the branches. Male flowers of

_four sepals ; two outer and larger ones, nearly orbicular, red

externally, white within: two inner, smaller, obovate, white,

sometimes tinged with blush. . Stamens as in the Genus.

Female-flowers with similar sepals to the male, except that the -

inner ones. are sometimes’ increased to three. Fruit with

three, broad, nearly equal angles.

W. Fitch aed?

Pub.ly S. Curtis Glaxenwood: Essex Suly 1.18 #5

Tas. 41730 | |

PHYLLARTHRON Boszertanum.

Mr, Bojer’s Phyllarthron.

Nat. Ord, BIGNoNIACE2.—DipyNamMia GYMNOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. PHYLLARTHRON, De Cand. ARTHROPHYLLUM,

Bojer, (non Blume). BicNon1z Sp. Auct.—Calyz ovatus campanulatus,

breviter et obtuse 5-dentatus. Corolla late infundibuliformis, lobis subro-

tundis. Stamina (4, didynamia, inclusa, prope basin tubiinserta. An-

there biloculares, loculis patentibus. _Ovarium disco carnoso inserta bilo-

cularis: Stylus inclusus: Stigma bilabiatum). Fructus siliqueformis,

carnosus, indehiscens, plurilocularis. Semana non alata, verticaliter sita,

ee adfixa.—Frutices sew arbores ex insulis Africe Austr. orte.

olia opposita, rarius alterna, lomentacea, nempe petiolo articulato, arti-

culis 2—4 late foliaceis, foliolis aut nullis aut pie et parvis., Rami

dichotomi. Racemi seu corymbi ex ultimis dichotomits orti, foliis bre-

vores, pluriflort. Flores pedicellati. Bracter sub pedicellis oblonge. D C.

PHYLLARTHRON Bojerianum ; ramis trigonis aut ancipitibus, petiolis arti-

culatis junioribus viscosis, articulis 2 late marginatis, inferiore obovato-

cuneato, super. elliptico utroque pinnatim venoso, ramulis pedunculis-

que compressis, racemo terminali subcorymboso -trichotomo, calyce

ovato-campanulato enervio subtruncato obtuse 5-dentato. D C.

PHYLLARTHRON Bojerianum. De Cand. Prodr. 9, p. 243.

ARTHROPHYLLUM M iense. Bojer, Hort. Maurit. p. 221. (excl.

Syn. BicGNonta articulata, Desf. according to De Candolle).

A remarkable Genus of Madagascar, and some neighbour-

ing islands, allied to Colea, and named Arthrophyllum (from

apes a joint, and guarw a leaf) by Bojer, under a belief that

the leaves themselves were jointed, or at least that the solitary

leaflet was articulated upon the leaf-stalk: and such would

appear at first sight to be the case with the present species,

but another kind, P. Noronhianum, “est remarquab Ap

ses feuilles plusieurs fois articuleés, comme celles du Nopal ;

hence De Gandolle is disposed to consider it an articulated

petiole, without any leaf. I will not undertake to say, what

Is its true structure: but I may observe, that in my native

Specimen from M. Bojer, the older portion of the stem is

ancipitate, and almost winged, showing an approach to the

winged petiole. The name Arthrophyllum being preoccupied —

by a plant of Blume, De Candolle changed the appellation to

what we have here adopted. Our garden at Kew owes the

possession of this rarity to that of Mauritius, where it has

been introduced by M. Bojer, and long cultivated. It flowered

with us in the month of August.

Descr. A small shrub, with a very peculiar appearance.

Branches compressed. Leaves none. Petioles leaf-like, oppo-

site, or alternate, biarticulate, the upper one nearly elliptical,

more or less acute; the lower narrow, cuneate; both of them

subcoriaceous, glabrous, penninerved, the nerves connected

by a slender, intramarginal one; the younger foliage viscid.

ftaceme compound, axillary, few-flowered. Calyx small,

campanulate, five-toothed. Corolla infundibuliform, rose-

color, downy; the tube subcampanulate; the limb large,

spreading, of five, blunt, wavy segments, with two yellow lines

in the throat. Stamens four, didynamous, included. Anther-

cells two, spreading. Ovary seated on a large, fleshy gland,

two-celled, ovate. Style included. Stigma of two linear lobes.

Fig. 1. Stamens. 2. Calyx and Pistil. 3, Pistil. 4. Ovary cut through

transversely :—magnified. &

106. 4474.

Re erre Ar Vest 5 7

> Patod Be ek t

7. bAB, 417A. |

FUCHSIA serRATIFOLIA.

Serrated-leaved Fuchsia.

Nat. Ord. ONAGRARIEZ.—OcTANDRIA Monoeynta.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4082.)

Fucusta serratifolia; fruticosa glabra, foliis ternis quaternisve verticillatis ra-

rius oppositis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis serratis petiolatis, pedunculis soli-

tariis axillaribus unifloris, flore nutante, calycis tubo elongato laciniis paten-

tibus petala obovata superantibus, staminibus exsertis stylo parum breviori-

bus, stigmate clavato, ovario oblongo glabro.

Fucusta serratifolia. Ruiz et Parv. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. v. 3. p. 86. t. 223. f. a.

De Cand. Prodr. v. 3. p. 38. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 2. p. 234.

Ruiz and Pavon have justly remarked of this, “ planta dum

florida perpulchra.” Its flowers are among the largest and most

lovely of this lovely genus, and the leaves are handsome likewise,

they and the stems being deeply tinted with red. ‘The species

was imported by Messrs. Veitch of Exeter, through their collector

Mr. William Lobb, who detected it in Peru, probably at Mura,

where it was first discovered in moist and shady places by the

original describers Ruiz and Pavon. It has been already exhi-

bited at Chiswick, when the large silver-gilt medal was awarded

to it, and other prizes in the Rooms of the Horticultural Society

and the Regent’s Park Garden ; and the plant has excited

great admiration. At present it is considered a hot-house plant ;

but in all probability it will be found to bear the open air during

the summer months, when it will prove more ornamental than

any species yet in cultivation among Us. We possess fine native

specimens gathered in Peru by Mathews, at Panahuanea (n. 542),

and at Pangoa (n. 1168), and at Huamantanga, gathered by our

friend Mr. Maclean. |

Descr. A tall shrub, with its young stems rounded and deep

red. Leaves rarely opposite, in the main or central shoot grow-

ing four in a whorl, on the side shoots three in a whorl, oblong,

approaching to lanceolate, shortly petiolate, entire and rather ob- —

tuse at the base, the rest of the margins serrated, the apex acute ;

AuGusT Ist, 1845. I

their upper side is a deep or rather sattiny green, the under side

pale, and, especially the petiole and costa, tinged with red. Nerves

strong, prominent beneath. FJowers solitary, pendent, on pe-

duncles which spring from the back end of the upper leaves, large,

handsome. Ovary green, oblong. Calye swollen at the base

and there deep red, the long tube gradually becoming pink and

paler, at length the red hue gives place to yellow-green in the

four lanceolate spreading acuminated segments. Petals four,

obovate, waved, shorter than the calycine segments. Stamens

_ unequal, four longer and four shorter, but nearly as long as the

calyeme segments, and longer than the petals. Anthers oblong,

yellow. Style rather longer than the stamens, terminated by a

thick club-shaped stigma.

_————.,.

ten, ae

Tas. 4175.

ACHIMENES arGyYRosTIGMA.

Silvery-spotted Achimenes.

Nat. Ord. GEsSNERACE#.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4125.)

ACHIMENES argyrostigma ; pubescenti-pilosa, cauli brevi inclinato, foliis oppo-

sitis ellipticis crenatis albo-maculatis, racemis subterminalibus elongatis

multifloris calycibusque piloso-glandulosis, coroll labio superiore abbreviato

bilobo inferiore concavo fimbriato, tubo extus ore ovarioque pilosis.

Among many novelties sent by our Collector for the Royal

Botanic Gardens from the Sierra Nivada de Sta. Marta in New

Grenada, is the accompanying highly interesting plant. The

leaves are peculiarly beautiful, of a rich, velvetty, dark green, with

a tinge of purple, spotted with white, as in Begonia argyrostigma.

We will not deny that (partly from the consciousness that the

plant was a true Achimenes), very great expectations were raised

in respect to the beauty of its flowers. Their first appearance

no doubt disappointed us; but as the racemes increased in length

and more blossoms expanded, the plant became a general favourite

and is likely to continue so, for the flowers bid fair to continue

the whole summer months. ‘They are white or cream-colour,

spotted with red. The plant requires the same treatment as others

of this family ; and we find it best, after rearing it in in a moist

and hot stove, to remove it to a cooler place; thus treated

the bloom and foliage continue in beauty a great length of time.

It will be readily increased, we cannot doubt, by its scaly, cater-

pillar-like tubers, as is the case with the original Achimenes cocei-

nea, of which this is unquestionably a true congener. 3

Descr. Root branched and fibrous, bearing from the fibres

long scaly buds or fubers, by which the plant readily mcreases.

Stem herbaceous, short, somewhat branched, green, hairy, as well

as the thick petioles. Leaves opposite, elliptical, obtuse, crenato-

serrate, downy, of a rich deep velvetty green, marked with scattered

white rounded spots. Racemes erect, from the axils of the upper

leaves, very much longer than the leaves, glanduloso-hirsute, and

AuGuUsT Ist, 1845.

bearing flowers almost from the very base. Pedicels half an inch

to an inch long, each with a small linear dractea at the base,

rarely forked. Calyx, as well as the pedicel, pilose and glandular.

Tube adnate with the base of the ovate hairy germen; the seg-

ments linear, slightly spreading. Corol/a white, beautifully mottled

with red. whe rather short and gibbous at the base behind,

hairy ; Zim oblique, two-lipped ; upper lip abbreviated, two-lobed,

with the lobes nearly entire, the lower divided into three lobes,

which are rounded and fimbriated. Stamens four, didynamous ;

the white anthers cohering all from the base of the tube of the

corolla and with a fifth abortive stamen between the two palrs.

Germen surrounded by a deep cup-shaped ring or disk. Style

included, curved. Stigma capitate, two-lobed. The fruit presents

two parietal receptacles nearly meeting in the centre and having

many minute seeds in the lower portion chiefly of the receptacles.

Fig. 1. Corolla laid open. 2. Pistil with annular cup-shaped disk. 3, Trans-

verse section of an ovary :—magnified.

Wrch.- del

Tas. 4176.

PORPHYROCOMA tanceo.atTa.

Lance-leaved Porphyrocoma.

Nat. Ord. AcANTHACE®.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. PORPHYROCOMA, Hort.—Calyx 5-partitus, laciniis subeequa-

libus, subulatis, basi tribracteis, bracteis coloratis magnis in spicam quadrifariam

digestis, exteriore majore, duabus interioribus minoribus, omnibus spathulatis

carinatis. Corolla longe exserta, tubulosa, bilabiata, labiis subeequalibus, superiore

angusto, recto, apice bifido, inferiore latiore, reflexo, trifido. Stamina 2, labiis

paulo breviora. Anthere loculis divergentibus. Ovarium ovatum, basi capsula

immersa. Stylus longitudine fere corolle. Stigma obtusum. Capsula oblonga

stipitata bilocularis. Semina 2, in singulis loculis, orbicularia plana retinaculo

subtensa.—Fruticosa. Patria—? Folia opposita, lanceolata basi attenuata, sub-

sessilia, integerrima. Spice terminales et subterminales aggregate, bracteata, brac-

teis exterioribus magnis vividi-purpureis, quadrifariam dispositis unifloris. Flores

exserti, purpureo-cerulei.

PorpuyrocomMa Janceolata, Hort.

For the possession of this truly charming plant we are indebted

to Mr. Forkel, Gardener to His Majesty the King of the Belgians,

at Brussels, who sent it to us under the above name ; but unfor-

tunately without any history, so as to leave us in the dark as to

its native country, or the author of its very appropriate name,

(woppipa, purple, and «spn, head of hair), given in allusion to the

singularly richly coloured spikes of deep purple, from within the

scales of which the scarcely less brightly coloured (but more inclin-

ing to blue) flowers appear. It was exhibited in the Horticultural

Society’s Rooms, and excited admiration from the beauty of the

blossoms which consist in the dark purple comb-like parts half

covering the Lamium-like violet flowers. :

It is a stove plant, and continues flowering during the spring

and summer months. It may be referred to the Tribe Bchma-

tacanthi, Nees, and the Sub-tribe Justiciea, Nees. :

Dzscr. Our Plant is about a foot high, clothed more parti-

cularly in the upper part with rather large drooping lanceolate

leaves, quite entire at the margin, acuminated at the point, taper-

ing at the base, but scarcely petioled, quite glabrous, dark green,

AuGUST Ist, 1845.

with very oblique nerves. Spikes aggregate, terminal, and subter-

minal, deeply four-angled from the opposite closely placed and im-

bricated éracteas of the richest purple colour. Each of these is spa-

tulate, membranous, carmate, acute ; and within it are two which

are smaller and narrower, one on each side the solitary sessile

flower. Calyx small, of five deep, almost subulate, rather unequal,

erect segments. Corolla a good deal protruded beyond the bracts,

purplish-blue, tubular, two-lipped ; upper Lip straight and narrow,

two-lobed at the apex, lower one broader, bent down and three-

lobed at the apex. Stamens two, as long as the corolla. Anther-

cells two, divaricated yet partially parallel. Ovary ovate, with

its base sunk in a fleshy cup. Style as long as the corolla.

Stigma obtuse. Fruit concealed by the large persistent bracteas,

unguiculate, two-celled, two-valved. Each cell contains two flat-

tened nearly orbicular seeds, supported by a curved process or

retinaculum. —-

Fig. 1. Calyx (including the pistil) with side bracts. 2. Corolla laid open.

3. Anther. 4. Germen and hypogynous cup :—magnified.

tee,

“=

ee

ae

Tas. 4177.

ECHINOCACTUS myriosticma.

Many-spotted Echinocactus. —

Nat. Ord. Cactace®.—IcosanpRIA MoNnoGyNIa.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4115.)

Ecurnocactus (§ AsteRorpE1, Salm-Dyck) myriostigma; suborbicularis v.

demum oblongus, profunde 5-6 sulcatus totus punctis seu pulvinulis minu-

tis lanosis sparsis tectus, angulis valde prominentibus ad carinam planis

areolatis, areolis approximatis transversis lanosis inermibus, floribus ex um-

bilico terminali stramineis, sepalis superioribus glabris apice sphacelatis

mucronatis, petalis subuniserialibus.

Ecutnocactus myriostigma. Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck, p. 22.

ASTROPHYTUM myriostigma. Lemaire, Cact. Nov. p. 4.

One of the most singular of the singular family of Cactacee, and

still considered a rarity in collections ; first described by Lemaire

in 1839, but from very imperfect specimens, of which even the

native country was not known, but which presented such remark-

able characters, independent of flower and fruit, that he ventured

to constitute of it a Genus, under the appropriate name of Astro-

phytum. The flowers, however, (for we are still ignorant of the

fruit) seem to present no characteristic marks to distinguish it

from Zchinocactus, and 1 venture to follow the Prince de Salm-

Dyck in considering it to form a section of that extensive genus,

which he has called Asteroidei. The transverse section not in-

aptly resembles a star-fish. We owe the possession of our spe-

cimens in the Royal Gardens to F. Staines, Esq., of San Luis

Potosi, Mexico, who sent us, in the first instance, specimens a

foot long; but coming in contact, as it would appear, with

a “monster species ” enclosed in the same case, they were bruised

and eventually perished. Others were afterwards forwarded of a

smaller size, and one of them here figured threw out its pretty

starry straw-coloured flowers from the depression at the top of the

plant in July 1845. ; q

Descr. “Plant eventually attaining a height of a foot an

probably more, at first subrotund, in age becoming more oblong,

AUGUST Isr, 1845.

umbilicated at the top, the sides formed of five or six deep furrows

and as many broad, projecting angles ; the whole surface covered

with white, scale-like dots, which when carefully examined are

seen to be formed of matted and as it were interwoven’ hairs ;

the keel of the angles is not sharp, but flattened, as if cut off

with a knife, and this is occupied by closely placed transversely

oblong areolz, filled with a floccose substance, but bearing no

spines. In the umbilicus alone, whence the flowers appear, there

are a few small brown rigid sete rather than spines. H/owers

aggregated at the top of the plant, rather small, of a delicate

straw-colour. Sepals closely imbricated, oblong, tipped with a

black point and a mucro. “Petals resembling them, but longer,

arranged nearly in one series, linear, acute, but not mucronate,

nor sphacelate at the tip.

106. 411 §

:

Fitch, del

rrp

Tas. 4178.

SIPHOCAMPYLOS coccinevs.

Showy scarlet-flowered Siphocampylos.

Nat. Ord. Lope.tace®.—PEnTANDRIA Monooynta.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4105.)

SIPHOCAMPYLOS coccineus ; suffruticosus glaber elatus, foliis ovatis acutis brevi-

petiolatis (nunc sublobatis) duplicato-serratis, pedunculis folio longioribus

axillaribus solitariis unifloris, flore nutante, ovario oblongo-turbinato sulcato

laciniis calycinis lanceolatis patentibus serratis breviore, corolla tubo basi

(infra filamentorum insertionem) angustato demum sensim dilatato curvato

ore contracto, limbi vix bilabiati laciniis oblongo-ovatis acutiusculis sub-

equalibus incurvis.

Perhaps the most beautiful of this Genus which has yet been

introduced to our stoves, and sent from the Organ Mountains,

Brazil, by Mr. William Lobb, one of the botanical collectors of

Mr. Veitch, in whose Nursery at Exeter it first showed its large

and scarlet flowers, in June 1845. Plants were exhibited at the

Chiswick Exhibition in July, which gained the same prize there,

as well as in the Regent’s Park Garden, as had been awarded

to the Fuchsia before described (Tas. 4174).. It is treated as

a stove plant, and, cultivated by Mr. Veitch, is not sparing of

blossoms.

Dzscr. Suffruticose in the lower part of the plant only, erect,

branched, glabrous. Leaves petiolate, alternate, broadly ovate,

acute, scarcely acuminate, occasionally slightly lobed, doubly den-

tato-serrate, rather strongly nerved, glabrous ; petiole rather short,

grooved above. Pedunciles axillary, solitary, one-flowered, longer

than the leaves, erect, but curved at the top, so that the flower

is gracefully pendent. Ovary turbinate, deeply suleate. Segments

of the calyx lanceolate, serrated, moderately patent, longer than

the tube or ovary. Corolla bright scarlet, two inches and more

Aveust Ist, 1845. .

long, curved; the ¢wbe constricted at the base, as far as the

setting on of the stamens, thence the tube gradually enlarges

and again becomes contracted at the mouth; Lind scarcely

two-lipped, of five nearly equal, oblong-ovate, acute, incurved

segments. Stamens and style included.

Tab. M74,

Reeve, Bro.amp.

Fitch, del

Tas. 4179.

GOMPHOLOBIUM versicotor;

Var. caulibus purpureis.

Changeable Gompholobium ; purple-stemmed variety.

Nat. Ord. Legumrnos®.—DerEcanpria MonoGynia.

Gen. Char. Calyx 5-partitus subequalis. Corolla petalis 2 carinalibus con-

cretis, vexillo explanato. Stigma simplex. Legumen polyspermum subspheericum

obtusissimum.—Frutices Australasici rigiduli. Folia alterna composita breviter

petiolata. Fructus intus extusque glabri. Pedicelli florum medio aut basi bibrac-

teolatt. Calyces sepe lana subtili ciliati. Corolle flave. De Cand.

GoMPHOLOBIUM versicolor ; foliis breviter petiolatis trifoliolatis, foliolis lineari-

bus glabris margine revolutis, racemis laxis paucifloris, calycis laciniis ob-

longo-linearibus cuspidatis extus glabris intus pubescentibus, carina glabra.

Lindl.

GompnHotosium versicolor. Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1839. Suppl. no. 62. and Tab. 43.

A pretty greenhouse Swan River suffruticose plant, from the

rich collection of Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co., Exeter, who

raised it from seeds sent home by Mr. James Drummond. It

derives its specific name from the circumstance of the flowers be-

coming paler in age. But at all times the plant is extremely

beautiful and most profuse in its blossoms, if it be kept well cut

in, and not allowed to send out shoots that are too long and too

luxuriant. Dr. Lindley has well distinguished the species from

G. etaue and G. sparsum. It varies with purple stems, as repre-

sented in our plate, and flowered in May 1845.

Dzscr. An upright, rather twiggy, small shrub; with sub-

angular stems and branches, deep purple in our variety, glabrous,

as is every part of the plant. Leaves alternate, nearly sessile,

trifoliolate ; Zeaflets linear, rather broadly so in the older parts of

the plant, acute, almost apiculate at the extremity, the margins

slightly recurved, costate, but with no evident nerves or veins,

dark-green above, paler beneath. Racemes axillary (from the upper

leaves), and terminal, few (2~3)-flowered ; pedicels furnished with

minute bracteoles. FV/owers large, handsome, peculiarly beauti-

L

SEPTEMBER Ist, 1845.

-

ful just before expansion, when the rich and deep scarlet of the

standard alone is seen. Calyz of five deep, oblong-acute, or almost

mucronate segments. Standard long, somewhat reniform, deep

red externally, pale within, yellow in the disk and with a deep

red line bordering the yellow. Wings also deep red. Keel paler

below, red towards the apex. Stamens ten, nearly as long as the

pistil. Filaments ten, free. Ovary oblong, compressed, shortly

stipitate. Sfyle almost as long as the ovary, curved upwards.

Stigma obtuse.

Fig.1. One of the ale or wings. 2. The keel. 3. Stamens and pistil.

4. Pistil: all slightly magnified.

=

S

S

: —

ee

Reeve, Bro. imp.

Fitch, del. et. lith.

Tas. 4180.

ANIGOZANTHUS PRE RIOE

Beautiful Yellow Anigozanthus.

Nat. Ord. HemMoporace#.—HExanpDRIA MonoGynia.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 3875.)

Anigozantuus pulcherrimus ; caule elato foliisque squitantibus lineari-acumi-

natis faleatis ubique tomento stellato tectis, panicula valde ramosa pilis

setulosis rufis tecta, perianthio infundibuliformi pilis ejusdem structure flavis

dense obsitis, ore valde obliquo intus glaberrimo laciniis intus tomentosis,

antheris muticis.

ay

One of the most beautiful of this fine Genus from its copious

and richly coloured flowers and flowering branches ; the former

being bright yellow, the latter clothed with scarlet hairs, curi-

ously branched on a yellow ground. It is a native of the Swan

River settlement, where it was detected by our indefatigable

friend Mr. James Drummond. From seeds sent by him it has

been raised by Mr. Lowe, of the Clapton Nursery, to whom the

Royal Botanic Garden owes the possession of a fine plant. It

has not yet, however, as far as I am aware, bloomed in this coun-

try, and our flowering specimen is taken from a dried native spe-

cimen sent by Mr. Drummond, in which, from the nature of the

plant and peculiarity of its vestiture, the form and colours are as

well preserved as if seen in a living state. Perhaps in the ge-

neral structure of the blossoms it comes nearest to A. flavidus ;

but the flowers are much shorter, and the panicle and leaves and

clothing are all very different in the two species. It loves a light

sandy soil and the protection of a good greenhouse, and will

prove a highly ornamental plant to our gardens.

Descr. Plant 2-3 feet high. Leaves most numerous near

the root, but smaller, remote upwards ; all of them linear-falcate,

with a dense stellated or

acuminate, entire, equitant, clothed

branched greyish tomentum, giving a hoary character to the foliage

and to the lower part of the stem which 1s similarly invested.

This stem has again the leaves becoming gradually smaller up-

wards, where it becomes a large flowering panicle, with lanceolate

SEPTEMBER Ist, 1845.

bracteas at the setting on of the branches, and the branches them-

selves apparently clothed with a short yellow down, but which is

partially concealed by copious bright red hairs or sete, themselves

beset with setule or lesser horizontal hairs, imparting a rich red

velvetty hue to this portion of the plant. Vowers several on each

branchlet, distichous, each subtended by a small subulate bractea,

and of a rich yellow colour. Pedicels short. Perianth infundi-

buliform, curved, the mouth oblique; externally clothed, with

bright yellow hairs of the same structure as those on the branches

of the panicle. Segments spreading unequally, the two lowest

being wide apart, within covered with short whitish down. Mouth

very oblique, smooth within the tube, lined as it were with a

membrane, which at the faux gives origin to the six exserted

stamens. Filaments short. Anthers oblong. Style curved, ex-

serted, as long as the stamens.

Fig. 1. Flower, slightly magnified.

gen i,

S

~

Sy ; me)

~ fim

S :

SN nee

wv

Bro

mMeeve

Tas. 4181.

ECHINOCACTUS MULTIFLORUS.

Many-flowered Echinocactus.

Nat. Ord. Cactrm.—Icosanpria Monocynia.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tap. 4124.)

Ecutyocactus (§ TuBERcuLATt) multiflorus ; depresso-globosus obscure viridis

subglaucus tuberculatus vix costatus, tuberculis magnis verticaliter oblongis

hemisphericé prominentibus mammeformibus demum confluentibus superne

in series subverticales irregulares dispositis, areolis ovalibus tomentosis,

aculeis 5 validis reflexo-patentibus recurvatis subappressis subaequalibus, flo-

ribus numerosis (pro plante ratione) magnis albidis

From the rich collection of Cactuses in the possession of Mr.

Palmer, of Stockwell, near London, who obligingly sent a speci-

men (the one here figured), to Kew, on the eve of its blos-

soming. Of its native country we are ignorant, and it does not

appear to be described ; but on this subject it behoves us to speak

with caution, for no plants are so difficult to define by words as

the individuals of this now extensive family : figures, alone, can

render the distinguishing characters of them intelligible. The

Species is remarkable for the large tubercles, strong spreading

recurved and almost appressed spines, and for the copious pale,

almost white, flowers, tmged with greenish-brown. :

Dzscr. Our only specimen is of the size here represented,

globose, depressed at the top, green, slightly glaucous. Tubercles

large, irregularly placed, upper ones only in an imperfect verti-

cal series, and those oblong or oval, very prominent, obscurely

angled. Areole oval, woolly ; bearing five nearly equal spines,

about an inch long, diverging, but not on all sides, two opposite

pairs laterally and the lower one towards the base of the plant ;

all are so much spread and decurved that they may almost be

said to be appressed strong, of a yellowish colour, purple at the

base. Flowers large (for the size of the plant), numerous, several |

opening at one time, so as to cover and conceal the upper surface —

SEPTEMBER lst, 1845.

of the plant. Calye-scales green, gradually enlarging and_be-

coming petaloid, till at length they pass into the spreading,

obovate, almost white petals. Stamens numerous. Anthers small

orange. ays of the stigma white, or nearly so.

#182. %

Tas. 4182.

CHIRITA Zryianica.

Ceylon Chirita.

Nat. Ord. CyrtanpRacrm®. GersnNERACEm CyrTanpRAcEa, Br.—

Dipynamria ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. CHIRITA, Ham. in Don’s Prodr. Calyx tubulosus sub 5-gonus,

lobis per estivationem subvalvatis. Corolla basi tubulosa superne ventricosa

campanulata, limbo 5-lobo bilabiato, lobis subrotundis. Stamina 5, duo anthe-

rifera, 3 sterilia minima. -dnthere reniformes nude superne coherentes 1-locu-

lares. Ovarium siliquosum. Stylus 1. Stigma bipartitum lobis oblongis. Cap-

sula siliqueeformis bilocularis stylo terminata bivalvis, septo valvulis adnato bi-

partito. Semina 00, minuta calva subulata.—Herbe perennes hirsute Nepalenses.

Caules simplices. Folia opposita sepius disparia et basi vie inequalia petiolata

serrata. Pedunculi axillares oppositi bibracteati sepius 1\flori. Corolle magne

rubre aut flare. De Cand.

Cutrita Zeylanica ; foliis oppositis longe petiolatis supra appresso-brunneo-se-

riceis obscure serratis basi obliquis, pedunculis axillaribus, floribus panicu-

latis trichotome divisis, bracteis lobisque calycinis ovatis, corollee (purpurez)

tubo intus supra bilamellato infra lineis duabus elevatis hirsutis (flavis),

stigmate transversim triangulari.

Of the family of Cyrtandracee, lately so admirably illustrated

by Mr. Brown, and more fully described by De Candolle, father

and son, very few species indeed have been in cultivation, and

two of those that are at this moment blossoming in the Royal Gar-

dens of Kew, do not appear to be anywhere described. Our

knowledge of those we have (including Zschynanthus), will lead

us to seek for more ; since, like their affinities, the Gesneracee (of

which, indeed, Mr. Brown considers them a group or section),

they are of great beauty and easy cultivation; and they seem to

abound in the East Indies, as the true Gesneracee do in the

tropical parts of the New World. The generic Chirita of Hamil-

ton, (written Chirata in Don’s ‘ System of Gard. and Botany’), is

said to be altered from the vernacular name of one of the species,

and of course of Indian origin. Our present species 1s a native

of Ceylon, and was raised from seeds sent from that island by Mr.

Henderson, the scientific gardener to Lord Fitzwilliam, late at

Milton, now at Wentworth. The plant strikes readily from cut-

SEPTEMBER Ist, 1845.

tings and soon blossoms, flowering through most of the summer

months, treated as a stove-plant.

Dzscr. Plant a foot and more high, slightly branched, having

appressed hairs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, acute, entire,

obliquely penninerved, with impressed veins above, prominent

beneath, covered with rather close-pressed, silky-brownish hairs.

Panicle on a peduncle, considerably longer than the leaves, not

much, but trichotomously divided, the middle branch often single-

flowered, the lateral ones again divided. Branches tinged with

aes Bracteas opposite, ovate, greenish-purple. Calyz large,

ax, of the same colour as the dracteas, obtuse and oblique at the

base, two-lipped ; upper lip of three, lower of two deep, ovate, acu-

minated segments. Corolla large, handsome, rich purple, reddish

and paler in the tube. Ze broadly infundibuliform, ventricose

beneath. Limé two-lipped, moderately spreading, upper of two,

lower of three nearly equally sized rounded lobes. Lower palate

having two raised yellow lines. Stamens included, two fertile

filaments angled or geniculated outside near the middle, their

anthers reniform connate ; two other stamens are small and abor-

tive, and there is an imperfect rudiment of a fifth. Ovary linear-

oblong, seated upon a fleshy disk. Style elongated. Stigma of

two spreading somewhat triangular plates, white. Fruit long

linear, siliquiform, tapering into the long persistent style. I have

not seen it mature.

Fig. 1. Corolla laid open. 2. Pistil :—slightly: magnified.

# hi v5.

Tas. 4183.

HABROTHAMNUS Fascicu.LaTUs.

Cluster-flowered Habrothamnus.

Nat. Ord. Sotanacesx. Trib. CestRE#.—PENTANDRIA MonoGynta.

Gen. Char. -HABROTHAMNUS, Meissn.—Calye campanulatus, 5-dentatus.

Corolla hypogyna, clavato-tubulosa, tubo longo, limbo 5-dentato contracto.

Stamina 5, medio corolla tubo inserta, inclusa; filamenta simplicia. Anthere

longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium biloculare placentis oblongis dissepimento

adnatis, pluriovulatis. Stylus simplex; stigma capitatum, obsoleté bilobum.

Bacca calyce cincta bilocularis.- Semina pauca angulata, umbilico ventrali. Zm-

éryo in axi albuminis carnosi rectus; cotyledonibus foliaceis; radicula tereti,

infera.—Frutices Mewicani, glabri v. subtomentosi-pubescentes, pilis articulatis ;

rae alternis integerrimis ; floribus inequaliter cymosis ; corollis baccisque rubris.

Endl.

Hasroruamnts fasciculatus ; fruticosus, ramis junioribus pubescentibus, foliis

breviter petiolatis ovatis acuminatis integerrimis pubescentibus penninerviis,

floribus terminalibus cymoso-capitatis involucratis, involucri foliolis folia

zemulantibus sed multo minoribus, calycis segmentis ovatis acuminatis,

corolla urceolatim tubulosa basi attenuata ore valde constricta, laciniis ova-

tis acutissimis patentibus ciliatis, staminibus infra medium insertis.

Hasrornamnts fasciculatus. Endl. in Benth. Plant. Hartw. no. 369. Walp.

Repert. Bot. Syst. v. 3. p.123. Hartw. in Hort. Trans. Lond. N.S. 3.

Tab. 2. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. Mise. 1843. no. 73.

Meyenta fasciculata. Schlecht. in Linnea, 8. p. 251.

Hasroruamnus elegans. Scheidweil. in Walp. Repert. Bot. Syst. 3. p. 122. et

Addend. ejusd. volum. p. 934.

H. purpureus. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1844. t. 43. and Miscell. no. 19.

A very handsome greenhouse shrub, which in its native country

(Mexico) bears innumerable closely placed heads or clusters of

beautiful red flowers, but of which the sample given exhibits only

one such head. This was communicated by Messrs. Lucombe,

Pince, and Co., from their Nursery, Exeter ; they imported it, I

believe, through Belgium. One has only to look at the figure

above quoted in the ‘ Hort. Society’s Transactions’ to see how this

plant is capable of improvement, and that figure, done from the

native dried specimen, is no exaggeration over nature. | Hartweg

describes it as one of the gayest productions of the Mexican Flora.

Our specimen was produced in winter. The generic name 1s de-

SEPTEMBER Ist, 1845. N

rived from afpos, gay, and éduros, a shoot, or branch ; so named from

the beauty of its flowering branches.

Descr. A shrub, according to Hartweg, about five feet high,

downy. Branches terete. Leaves alternate, on short thick red

petioles, ovato-acuminate, waved, entire, obtuse at the base, pen-

ninerved. Mowers in involucrated capitate cymes. Involucral

leaves three or four, resembling those of the stem, but much

smaller and nearly sessile. Pedicels short, or none. Calyx small,

with a short obconical ‘we and five erect ovate acuminated cili-

ated segments. Corolla rather a deep red rose-colour, urceolate,

but much elongated and tapering at the base, constricted at the

mouth ; Zimé of five spreading, ovate, very acute, ciliated segments.

Stamens included. Filaments inserted below the middle of the

tube. Anthers short-oblong. Ovary globose, on a fleshy disk,

two-celled, few-seeded. Style included. Stigma capitate, some-

what two-lobed.

418 4.

Reeve, wp

Fitch, del

Tas. 4184.

ECHINOCACTUS Lezanvs.

Mr. Lee’s Echinocactus.

Nat. Ord. Cactpm.—Icosanpr1a Monocynta.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4124.)

Ecuinocactus (§ Tusercutart) Leeanus ; depresso-globosus obscure subglau-

co-viridis tuberculis subhemisphericis majusculis obtuse hexahedris mam-

miformibus confluentibus, in series irregulares subverticales dispositis, areolis

ovalibus tomentosis, aculeis subgracilibus quorum subdecem patentibus

rectiusculis cum unico centrali porrecta vix majore, floribus majusculis pal-

lide flavescentibus.

Raised by Messrs. Lee of the Hammersmith Nursery, from seeds

sent from the Argentine provinces by Mr. Tweedie of Buenos

Ayres, in 1840. The specimen here figured blossomed in May, in

the Cactus-house of the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew. I do

not meet with its description in any book to which I have access,

and therefore venture, though not without hesitation, to publish

it as new. It may rank near our Z. multiflorus (supra, Tab. 4181),

but is in reality very different.

Dzscr. A small species, globose, but depressed at the top.

Tubercles which compose the surface rather large, hemispherical,

but having about six very obtuse angles, of a rather glaucous green

colour, not arranged in distinct lines or series so as to form ridges

with their corresponding furrows, but placed with a good deal of

irregularity, becoming, below especially, confluent and obsolete, at

the top small and very numerous. reole oval, downy, or rather

woolly, producing about eleven rather slender spines, of which

one, the central one, stands forward and is quite straight ; the other

ten are slightly recurved, and spread horizontally (especially on

the older tubercles), most of these are nearly equal in size and

about half an inch long. /Vowers from the summit or depressed

portion above, one or two moderately large. Tube short, covered

SEPTEMBER IsT, 1845.

_ with green roundish or oblong obtuse sca/es, the upper ones larger,

with pale edges and tips, and gradually passing into the pale sul-

phur or almost cream-coloured petals.

Fig. 1 and 2. Areole with the aculei -—slightly magnified.

FILS 5 :

Reeve, imp.

Tas. 4185.

GARDENIA STANLEYANA.

Lord Derby's Gardenia.

Nat. Ord. RuBIAcCEHZ.—PENTANDRIA MonoeGyYnIa.

Gen. Char. Calycis tubus ovatus sepe costatus, limbus tubulosus truncatus

dentatus fissus partitusve. Corolla infundibuliformis aut hypocraterimorpha, tubo

calyce multo longiore, limbo per estivationem contorto patente 5-9 -partito.

Anthere 5—9 lineares ad faucem subsessiles. Stigma clavatum bifidum aut biden-

tatum, lobis crassis erectis. Ovarium dissepimentis incompletis 2-5 semi-divisum,

l-loculare. Bacea carnosa calyce coronata intus chartacea aut nucleata incom-

plete 2-5-locularis. | Semina minuta placentis parietalibus carnosis immersa.

Embryo albuminosus vagus.—Arbores aut frutices, inermes aut spinescentes. Folia

opposita raro verticillata, ovalia. Flores axillares aut terminales, plerumque soli-

tarii, albi, demum sepe florescentes, sepius odori.—De Cand.

GARDENIA (Rothmannia) Sfanleyana; glaberrima, ramis horizontalibus, foliis

oblongis brevissime petiolatis utrinque acutis venarum in axillis glandulosis,

floribus subsessilibus axillaribus solitariis erectis plerumque e caulis dicho-

tomia, calycis subcylindracei tubo superne libero 5-dentato dentibus ap-

pressis, corolla glaberrimee tubo longissimo superne sensim ampliato angu-

lato, limbi laciniis late ovatis obtusis cito revolutis, antheris styloque inclusis.

GaRDENIA Stanleyana. Hook. MSS. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1845, t. 4.

Sent to the Right Honourable the Earl of Derby by Mr.

Whitfield from Sierra Leone, and assuredly one of the most re-

markable and beautiful of the plants which that gentleman has

had the satisfaction of introducing to our collections. The young

plant presented to us, when yet only a few months old, but

placed on the table of a stove heated below by the tank-system,

threw out flower-buds from most of the dichotomies of its young

horizontal branches; and in the month of March 1845 no fewer

than ten of the noble flowers, here represented, were expanded

at a time on one and the same plant. Our drawing was made

at that period, but was scarcely finished when we sent the plant,

for the gratification of those who might not be able to see it at

Kew, to the rooms of the Horticultural Society in London, where

it did not fail to attract great attention. Unfortunately the sea-

son was unusually cold; the blossoms were materially injured in

the transit, so much so that our figure would have still been unfit

for publication, were it not that Messrs. Lucombe and Pince, with

OCTOBER Ist, 1845. e

a liberality common to other distinguished nurserymen, as well

as to themselves, sent me from Exeter a flowering plant which

we had the pleasure of presenting to them a short time before as

a cutting: so freely does this species of Gardenia produce its

charming blossoms. It deservedly bears the name of the scien-

tific nobleman through whose means it was introduced, and in

whose, as well as other collections, it has now flowered.

How closely it is allied to Rothmannia longiffora of Salisbury,

in ‘ Paradisus Londinensis,’ Tab. 65. (strangely separated from

Gardenia Rothmannia, Linn., in Bot. Mag. p. 690, and there re-

ferred to Randia) is very evident; but, if the characters of that,

as given by Salisbury, who only saw it “ when all the flowers were

fading,” be considered, it cannot be the same; for, independent

of the exserted stamens of that species, the smaller size of the

corolla (five to six inches long, whereas ours is nine inches), and

the very different colour of the tube, which is described as being

cottony and the limb slightly cottony on both sides, will readily

distinguish it. Nothing of the kind is seen in our plant.

_Descr. Plant, now scarcely two years old, about five feet

high, shrubby or almost tree-like, having a central stem throw-

mg out horizontal dranches on all sides and a spreading top ;

everywhere glabrous. Leaves spreading, subcoriaceous, oblong,

on short petioles, acute at each extremity, quite entire, penni-

nerved, the nerves bearing glands or swellings at their axils.

Howers large, handsome, powerfully fragrant, nine inches long ;

solitary from the upper side of the upper spreading branches, and

generally from the dichotomies or from the base of a branchlet,

nearly sessile, pointing upwards. Base of the ovary slightly at-

tenuated into a short peduncle and bearing a few small bracteas ;

upper or free portion of the calye tubular, with five small, erect,

appressed teeth. Corolla infundibuliform ; tude extremely long,

slender, cylindrical, dark purple, sometimes tinged with green,

dilated above and opening into a bell-shaped purple mouth, marked

with raised lines without; Ziméd of five broadly ovate, spreading,

at length reflexed, obtuse segments, purple and white without,

pure white within with a shade of blush near the mouth, and co-

vered, except at the margin, with oblong dots of deep purple

elegantly arranged in oblique lines. Anthers linear, sessile, fixed

by the back to the inside of the mouth of the corolla, and, as well

as the very long style, included. Stigma clavate, bifid. Ovary

thick and fleshy, with two cells and numerous ovules on the

placentee.

Fig. 1. Stamen. 2. Cal ; nee

the ovary —magnified. yx, ovary, style and stigma. 3. Transverse section 0

Reeve, imp: -

Fitch, del et, lith.

Tas. 4186.

EXOSTEMMA LONGIFLORUM.

Long-flowered Exostemma.

Nat. Ord. RuspiaceE®.—PENnTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

_ Gen. Char. Calycis tubus obovatus, limbus 5-dentatus. Corolla tubo tereti,

limbo 5-partito, laciniis linearibus. Stamina filamenta nunc tubo usqué aut fan-

cem, nunc vix basi adnata. -Anthere lineares exsertee. Stylus filiformis apice

clavatus indivisus aut bilobus. Capsula calyce coronata aut demum subnuda bi-

locularis, ab apice septicido dehiscens, mericarpiis nempé semi-teretibus seu semi-

ovatis, commissur’ chartace&’. Placenta linearis in medio cujusque loculi. Semina

plurima retrorsum imbricata margine membranacea alata suborbiculata ; aléwmine

carnoso ; cotyled. planis.—Arbores aut frutices sepius glabri. Folia ovalia aut lan-

ceolata breve petiolata. Stipule utringué solitaria. Pedunculi axillares aut ter-

minales. Flores candidi aut rubentes. De Cand.

ExostemMa longiflorum ; foliis lanceolatis acuminatis basi in petiolum perbrevem

attenuatis glabris, pedicellis terminalibus axillaribusve, ealycis dentibus tubum

sequantibus lineari-subulatis strictis, corolla foliis triplo 4-plove longiore.

Exostemma longiflorum. Roem. et Sch. Syst. Veg.v.5. p.18. De Cand. Prodr.

v. 4. p. 359. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v. 1. p. 405.

Crncuona longiflora. Lamb. Cinchon. p. 38. tab. 12. eucl. syn. (De Cand.)

We received this plant at Kew, from Mr. Makoy of Liege,

under the name here adopted, and though some discrepancies

exist between our specimen and the figure of Lambert above

quoted, yet they are too trifling to lead me to suppose the species

otherwise than the same. In Mr. Lambert’s representation the

leaves are narrower, the flowers rather smaller, and the segments

of the calyx and corolla are too short ; probably occasioned by

being drawn from an imperfect specimen in the Herbarium of

Aublet. Lambert gives Guiana as the native country of the spe-

cies ; while De Candolle, on the authority of Richard, says it is in-

digenous to St. Domingo. Be that as it may, it constitutes a very

pretty shrub, flowering freely and copiously, and the blossoms

are fragrant and remarkable not only for their great length but

for their change of colour, at first pure white, gradually becoming

red. Evostemma is a genus separated from Cinchona, chiefly on

account of its exserted stamens, whence the name éo, without,

OCTOBER Ist, 1845.

beyond, and oréupa, a crown. E. longiflorum blossoms with us in

June and continues for some weeks in beauty.

Descr. A low shrub, in our stove about a foot and a half

high, much branched ; the dranches opposite, ultimate ones short

and subcorymbose. Leaves lanceolate, sharply acuminated, en-

tire, tapering into a very short foofstall: at the base, penninerved,

of a texture between coriaceous and membranaccous. Stipules

broadly ovate, acuminate, appressed. Peduncles axillary and ter-

minal, short, often clustered or subcorymbose, bracteated. Calya-

tube purple, oblong, tapering at the base, glabrous; tecth or

segments equal in length to the tube, erect, linear-subulate.

Corolla with a very long slender tube nearly a span in length,

cylindrical, slightly widening upwards and suddenly expanding

into the five segments of the Zim, which are one-third as long as

the tube, linear, obtuse, soon reflexed. The corolla, green in the

bud, is pure white on first expanding, at length drooping and

changing to red. Stamens placed at the mouth of the tube and

wholly exserted ; about as long at the limb. Filaments flat, slightly

dilated upwards, when they are broader than the very narrow

linear anthers.

BIBS.

Tas. 4187.

TACSONIA Mo.uuissimMa.

Downy-leaved Tacsonia.

Nat. Ord. Pass1rFLOREZ.—MOoNADELPHIA PENTANDRIA.

Gen. Char. Calycis tubus longus, limbus 10-lobus, faux membrana squamu-

losa instructa—Haditus Passifloree. De Cand.

Tacson1a (§ Bracteogama) mollissima; foliis tripartitis pubescentibus subtus

tomentosis basi cordatis laciniis ovato-lanceolatis serratis, petiolis pluri-

glandulosis, stipulis semiovatis cuspidato-acuminatis dentatis, pedunculo

unifloro, flore glaberrimo, calycis segmentis intus coloratis (roseis), nectario

glanduloso ad faucem tubi.

Tacson1a mollissima. H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Am. v. 2. p. 144. De Cand. Prodr. 4

p. 834,

A worthy companion to the scarcely less beautiful 7. pinnati-

stipula, figured at our Tas. 4062; and, like it, only requiring a

cool greenhouse ; for though indigenous in the tropics of New

Grenada, yet growing at a height of nine to ten thousand

feet above the level of the sea, it is evident that a temperate cli-

mate suits it best. It probably occupies an extensive geographical

range at the elevations just mentioned. Humboldt found it about

Santa Fé de Bogota, and Mr. W. Lobb in woods near Quito.

It is from seeds sent home by the latter to Messrs. Veitch at

Exeter, that the plants were raised from which the accompanying

figure was taken, and these we have reason to know will soon

be brought into the market.

From Mr. Veitch we have received the following particulars.

“ We have cultivated it in the stove, but there the flowers inva- .

riably dropped off before they had expanded. In a cool green-

house it blooms freely, and from what Mr. Lobb has said respecting

it, and from our own experience, I am inclined to think it might

survive our winters here (Devonshire) on a sheltered wall, and we

shall try this experiment. As a conservatory climber it is emi-

nently beautiful and is best cultivated in a mixture of loam and

peat with decayed leaves and a little sharp sand. It bids fair to

Strike readily in the usual manner.” |

OCTOBER Ist, 1845.

Our figure was made in August, but the plants will probably

bear a succession of these lovely blossoms till the cold weather sets

in. ‘The species is nearly allied to Tacsonia tripartita of Jussieu ;

but the leaves are cordate and the segments much broader.

Descr. A long-stemmed climbing plant, with rounded

branches. Leaves cordate in circumscription, deeply divided into

three ovato-lanceolate, serrated segments, dark green and downy

above, paler and almost tomentose beneath, reticulato-venose.

Tendrils simple. Stipules rather small, semiovate, toothed, acumi-

nato-cuspidate. Peduncle solitary, single-flowered, much shorter

than the tube of the flower, but longer than the petiole, which

latter has several glands. Tnvolucre three-fid, or rather of three

united bracteas at first sheathing. Calyz-tube very long, stout,

cylindrical, green, quite glabrous (as is the whole flower), the

mouth glandular at the margin; segments five oblong, obtuse,

mucronate, green at the back, the margins and outlines full rose-

colour. Petals five, oblong, obtuse, rose-colour. Column as long

as the tube. Filaments exserted. _Anthers yellow. Ovary oval.

Styles dilated upwards ; stigmas capitate.

415 8,

Reeve. imp

hth

eh, del. et

Fit

Tas. 4188.

. CALLIANDRA Tweepiet.

Mr. Tweedie’s Calliandra.

Nat. Ord. Leauminos@. Trib. Mimospa—MonapELpHia POLYANDRIA.

Gen. Char. CALLIANDRA, Benth.—Flores plerique hermaphroditi. — Calyx

campanulatus 5-dentatus v. varius 5-fidus, seepius striatus. Corolla infundibu-

liformi-campanulata, rarius subtubulosa, laciniis striatis v. tenuiter membranaceis.

Stamina indefinita seepius numerosa corolla pluries longiora, basi in tubum coalita

et corollz sapius plus minus adnata. Legumen lineare, rectum vy. vix falcatum,

compressum, in valvulas 2 lignosas coriaceas v. submembranaceas marginibus

valde incrassatis, ab apice ad basin elastice dehiscens, intus uniloculare epulpo-

sum. Seminum funiculus sepius brevis.—Frutices v. arbores parve, Americe

calidioris incole, sepius inermes. Folia bipinnata, petiolo rhachique fere in omnibus

eglandulosis. Stipule in ramulis floriferis v. ad basin pedunculorum sepius persis-

tentes, subimbricate, foliacee, membranacee v. indurate, in ramulis vegetioribus

nonnunquam decidue, rarius postice in spinam ut primum reflecam mox patentem v.

surrectam producte. Capitula florum globosa, pedunculata v. rarius sessilia, in

axillis foliorum superiorum v. in racemo terminali solitaria gemina v. rarius plura,

staminibus (ultrapollicaribus) purpureis v. albis, comosa, speciosa. Flores centrales

sepius quam in Albizzia difformes, corolla elongato-tubulosa, staminum tubo longe

exserto.

CaLLIaNpRA Tweediei: ramulis petiolisque pilosis, stipulis ovatis acutiusculis,

pinnis 3-4-jugis, foliolis multijugis oblongo-linearibus acutiusculis ciliatis

subtus pilosis, pedunculis petiolo longioribus, bracteolis sub flore lanceolatis

linearibusve deciduis, floribus brevissime pedicellatis molliter pilosis, calyce

turbinato corolla dimidio breviore, legumine sublignoso crasso dense villoso.

Benth.

CaLLIANDRA Tweediei. Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. v. 2. p. 140. e¢ in Lond.

Journ. Bot. v. 3. p. 107.

An elegant shrub, belonging to a Genus of Mimosee, distin-

guished by the great length and frequently rich red colour of the

stamens, whence the appropriate name Calliandra, Benth.,

(cédros, Geautiful, and dvip-avpos, the stamen). Sixty species are

enumerated by Mr. Bentham in the ‘ London Journal of Botany,’

all inhabitants of the American continent. They have, Mr. Ben-

tham observes, the corolla of A/bizzia, the stamens of an Inga,

and a pod different from that of any other Genus, the valves of

the rolling back elastically in a very remarkable manner.

The present species is a native of Rio Grande and Rio Jaqury in

OCTOBER Ist, 1845.

South Brazil, where it was detected by the indefatigable Botanist

whose name it bears; found also by Mr. Sellow. From seeds

sent to Lord Derby at Knowsley, plants were raised by Mr.

Jennings, which produced the flowering specimens here repre-

sented, in March 1845. It has likewise been grown at Kew, where

the plants flowered a little later in the season. It requires the

heat of a stove and to be kept moist.

Drscr. A small free or in mountainous places a low shrub,

according to Tweedie. Our plant seems disposed to trail with

its branches ; the younger branches are slightly villous. Leaves

bipinnate. Pina three to four pair, each with very numerous

oblong acute /eaflets three to four lines long, bright green, paler

and slightly hairy beneath. Stipules ovato-scariose, brown, hairy.

Peduncle axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaf, bearing a head

of about twenty flowers. Calyx campanulate, rather deeply five-

toothed. Corolla silky, pale greenish-white. Sfamens numerous.

Filaments long, red, monadelphous at the base. Anthers very

small, subglobose. Style shorter than the stamens.

Fig. 1. Flower from which the stamens are removed —magnified.

Fitch del et hth

Tas. 4189.

FRANCISCEA acuMINATA.

Acuminated Franciscea.

Nat. Ord. ScroPpHULARINEXZ.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. Calyx persistens, inflatus, campanulatus, quinquedentatus: den-

tibus eequalibus. Corolla hypocrateriformis ; limbus quinquepartitus subzequalis ;

lobis rotundatis repandis, margine incumbentibus ; ¢wdus apice inflatus, incurva-

tus. Stylus apice incrassatus. Stigma bilobum. Capsula ovata, bilocularis,

bivalvis, valvulis impartibilibus, Poh/.

FRANCISCEA acuminata; ramis erecto-patentibus, foliis oblongis acuminatis ad

basin parum attenuatis glabris (ciliatis), bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis caly-

cibusque glaberrimis, floribus paucis subracemosis terminalibus. Podd.

FRanctscea acuminata. Pohl, Plant. Brazil. v.1. p. 4. t. 3.

Franciscea Pohliana, Hort.

A handsome Brazilian shrub, native of Brazil, presented by

Mr. Lowe of Clapton to the Royal Gardens of Kew, where it

flowers in the stove during the months of June and July. It was

received under the name of F. Podliana, probably a mere garden

name, which ought not to be retained, for it is assuredly the F.

acuminata of Pohl, in the splendid work above quoted. It is a

very desirable hot-house plant, wanting indeed the delicious scent

of F. Hopeana and the handsome foliage of F. hydrangeeformis,

but nearly equal to the latter and superior to the former in the

flowers. Cuttings will strike under a bell-glass in sand, if placed

on a tank-pit. Sixteen species of this genus are now described

in books ; but some of them are doubtful, or with difficulty to be

distinguished from others. The genus is also thought not to be

sufficiently distinct from Brunsfelsia, and Mr. Bentham has united

the two in the descriptions of Scrophularinee for the forthcoming

volume of De Candolle’s Prodromus.

Descr. A shrub, in our stove about two feet high, much

branched, everywhere glabrous. Leaves alternate, on short pefi-

oles, subcoriaceous, oblong, acuminate, tapering gradually at the

base, quite entire, obscurely nerved and ciliated at the margin.

Flowers terminal, but generally on short branches, which are

OCTOBER Ist, 1845. : Ee

ee ee a a ee eg a ee ee ee ee ee ee a a ea ig

frequently overtopped by neighbouring ones, arranged in rather

few-flowered corymbs. Pedicels short, with subulate bracteas at

the base. Calyx oblong-campanulate, tapering below, five-toothed.

Corolla hypocrateriform, with the tue about twice as long as the

calyx, slender, slightly enlarged upwards and there much inclined,

so as to give an oblique direction to the Zimé, which is broad,

deeply cut into five roundish, waved, spreading, deep purple seg-

ments, soon fading to a pale purple; the mouth having a white

elevated ring. Stamens didynamous, included. Pisti/ also in-

cluded. Ovary sunk in a fleshy disk or ring, ovate. Sfyle nearly

as long as the tube, and geniculated or bent at an angle so as to

follow the inclination of the tube, a little thickened upwards.

Stigma large, two-lobed.

Fig. 1. Pistil with its fleshy disk or ring at the base :-—magnified.

419(

VAL AV 4),

eel ol /)\\ yyy

Me Mbedeb/ ly A \) \,

I fj

I

; Tas. 4190.

ECHINOCACTUS pectinirerus.

Pectinated Echinocactus.

Nat. Ord. Cacres.—Icosanpria MonoeGynia.

Gen. Char. Sepala numerosa imbricata, basi ovario adnata, in tubum brevis-

simum concreta, exteriora involucriformia, intima petaliformia. Stamina nume-

rosa, calyci affixa, ineequalia, intima brevissima, filiformia, antheris oblongis.

Stylus cylindricus, subfistulosus, apice multifidus. Bacca sepalorum reliquiis

subsquamata, rarissime levis. Ootyledones parvulee.—Frutices simplicissimi car-

nosi, ovati aut globosi, melocactoider aut mammillarieformes, aphylli, costati aut

tuberculati, costis tuberculis confluentibus quasi formatis, dorso aculeorum fasciculos

gerentibus. Cephalium seu spadix nullus. Flores e fasciculis aculeorum ad apicem

costarum orti, similes floribus Cerei, sed tubo vir supra receptaculum elongato.

Pfeiff.

Ecurnocactus pectiniferus ; subrotundo-ovatus vertice depresso sub 20-costatus,

costis elevatis submammillatis obtusis, areolis approximatis ovalibus juni-

oribus albo-lanatis, aculeis copiosis biformibus in singula areola albis demum

fuscis breviusculis compressis, exterioribus patentissimis bifariam radiantibus

subpectinatis interioribus 4—6 erectis minoribus sepe abortientibus, floribus

subterminalibus, ovario oblongo superne dilatato areolato areolis albo-lanatis

setoso-aculeatis, sepalis extus setosis, petalis (roseis) oblongo-lanceolatis

acuminatis serratis.

Ecuinocactus pectiniferus. Lemaire, Cact. Nov. p. 25.

It is the case with this small but showy Hehinocactus as with

too many others in our collection; descriptions can give no ade-

quate idea of the varied forms of these plants, especially as regards

the nature of the cost, the spines, and their arrangement in the

areola, of the flowers, &c. The present species flowered in the

Royal Gardens of Kew in April 1845, and was received from San

Luis, Mexico, among many fine Cactee sent by Mr. Staines. So

uncouth a looking trunk would hardly be expected to give birth

to such large and handsome flowers. Professor Lemaire alone has

described this curious plant in his ““ Cactearum Genera nova spe-

ciesque novee et omnium in Horto Monvilliano cultarum, &c.,”

but he was ignorant of the blossoms.

Descr. Plant, in our specimens, about four inches high,

subrotund or ovate, rather suddenly contracted above the

middle, depressed and even umbilicated at the top, deeply cos-

OCTOBER Ist, 1845. =

_ tate, with about twenty prominent coste, which are obtuse and

somewhat mammillose at the margins ; in the centre of each mam-

milla is an oblong, white, woolly, close-placed areola, with nume-

rous rather short spines or aculei, whose arrangement is very

peculiar. They are of two kinds; the greater number, twenty

and more, are about three lines long and spread out almost hori-

zontally in two rows, closely placed in a pectinated manner,

whitish or yellowish-white, tipped with red or brown, almost

united at their base, the middle ones the longest ; between these

two rows are a few smaller ones. lowers solitary, two or more

from the same crown, and springing from near the top, large for

the size of the plant, very beautiful. Ovary oblong-cylindrical,

a little expanded upwards, studded with white woolly areolee

which produce several rather soft hair-like, white spines, tipped

with rose, and which appear also (but still longer and softer) on

the outer segments of the perianth. Sepals ovate, cuspidate, yel-

lowish-green tinged with purple, and having a broad dark dorsal

purple line ; these sepals gradually pass into the longer and more

delicate rose-coloured petals, greenish at their base and serrated

at their margins above. Stamens numerous. Stigma of about

thirteen greenish rays.

night Clusters of aculei, 2. Apex of style with the rays of the stigma :—

Tas. 4191.

IXORA oporatTa.

Fragrant Ixora.

Nat. Ord. Ruprack2.—TETRANDRIA Monoeynia.

Gen. Char. Cal. tubus ovatus, limbus parvus 4-dentatus. Cor. hypocrateri-

morpha, tubo gracili tereti lobis longiore, limbo 4-partito patente. Anthere

4 ad faucem subsessiles. Stylus tubo corolle equalis aut pauld longior (lobis

nempé corollinis brevior), apice bifidus, stigmatis cruribus divergentibus aut re-

volutis. Bacca drupacea calyce persistente coronata subglobosa_bilocularis.

Pyrene chartacee intus plane aut concave dorso gibbze l-sperme. Albumen

cartilagineum. Hmbryo dorsalis erectus incurvus, cofyl. foliaceis, radicula longa.

—Frutices interdum arborescentes, ex Asid, rarius ex Africé equinoctiali. Folia

opposita. Stipule basi late apice acute aut in aristam setaceam desinentes.

Corymbi terminales sepiis trichotomi. Flores coccinei rosei flammei aut albidi

sepe fragrantes. De Cand.

Ixora odorata; glaberrima, foliis amplis elliptico-subovato-lanceolatis acutis

coriaceis nitidis basi in petiolum attenuatis summis subovato-oblongis basi

rotundatis sessilibus, stipulis late ovatis acutissimis connatis, panicula ter-

minali ampla patente repetitim trichotome divisa, calyce 5-dentato, corolle

tubo longissimo (digitali) Caciniis oblongis demum tortis.

Paverra gracilis. Ach. Rich. in Mém. Soc. d Hist. Nat. Par. v.5.p.181? De

Cand. Prodr. v. 4. p. 492 ?

We have been much gratified by the sight of a noble specimen

of this splendid and highly odoriferous shrub. ‘The leaves vie

in size and almost in firmness of texture with those of the Indian

Caoutchouc Tree (Micus elastica), while the numerous flowers,

of the most delicious odour, form a spreading panicle, a foot or

more in diameter, with deep red-purple branches, each blossom

four to five inches in length, the tube red below, white above,

the white buds tipped with rose-colour, the spreading segments

of the limb white, soon twisted and then changing to buff. The

plant is in the possession of Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co.,

of the Exeter Nursery, who received it from the Continent

under the incorrect name of Izvora Brunonis, and without any

indication of its locality. Fortunately I have a fine native speci-

men from Madagascar, showing that to be its native country.

Few persons who visited the last floral exhibition of the year

NOVEMBER 1st, 1845, P

moe Y

1845, at the Chiswick Gardens, will fail to remember the extreme

beauty and fragrance of this truly desirable plant.

Descr. A Shrub, in that plant from which our specimen came,

about three feet high, with rounded opposite branches. Leaves

opposite, ample, broadly ovato- or obovato-lanceolate, spreading,

six to eight inches to a foot long, fine dark green, acute or rather

acuminate, entire, penninerved, coriaceous, the lower ones tapering

downward into a stout footstalk, the upper ones smaller, more

ovate, sessile. Stipules broadly ovate, acuminate, closely appressed

to the branches and conjoined at the base. Panicle terminal, large,

much divided, with opposite branches, subtended by small Jractee,

the ultimate branches in di-trichotomous peduncles. The flowers

in threes, sessile or nearly so, deliciously fragrant, pure white, but

quickly changing to yellow-brown. Stamens slightly protruded

beyond the contracted mouth. Style arising from a thick glandu-

lar ring, longer than the tube of the corolla and the stamens.

Stigma incrassated, bifid.

Fig. 1. Calyx and pistil. 2. Ovary. 3. Transverse section of the ovary :—

magnified,

de

D

~

~%

Reeve, imp

Tas. 4192.

HEBECLADUS sirrtorus.

Twin-flowered Hebecladus.

Nat. Ord. SoLtane#.—PENTANDRIA MonoeGynla.

_ Gen, Char. HEBECLADUS, Miers. Cal. brevis, profunde 5-partitus, laci-

hills ovatis submembranaceis 1-nerviis venosis, persistens. Corol/a infundibuli-

formis, tubo amplo calyce 2—6-plo longiore, fauce ampliato, limbo patenti-sinuato,

5-lobo, lobis acutis, sepissime dentibus interjectis, eestivatione basi valde plicatis.

Stamina 5, imo corollz inserta, filamentis filiformibus, glabris, basi dilatatis, an-

theris exsertis, cordato-oblongis, adnatis, 2-lobis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus,

polline albido. Ovariwm subrotundum, glabrum (disco nullo?), 2-loculare, pla-

centis dissepimento adnatis, pluri-ovulatis. Stylus simplex, exsertus. Stigma

clavato-capitatum, sub2-lobum. Bacca globosa, parva, calyce membranaceo

suffulta. “ Semina plurima in pulpam nidulantia, compressa, reniformia, testa re-

ticulata. Hmbryo intra albumen carnosum hamato-arcuatus, cotyledonibus semi-

teretibus, radicula tereti, inferné paulo crassiore, duplo longiori, hilum petente.—

Suffrutices Americe intertropice ; ramulis subdichotomis, flexuosis, teneris ; foliis

plerumque geminis, altero vie minori, ovatis, ellipticis vel cordatis, integris, petio-

latis. Inflorescentia pedunculo solitario laterali cernuo, floribus 1-2 vel plurimis,

on rubris, flavis, vel rubro-viridescentibus. Bacca alba, pisi magnitudine.

ters.

Hesecianus biflorus ; suffruticosus, ramis glabris teretibus, foliis ovatis acutis

glabris undulatis seepe angulato-sinuatis superioribus geminatis, pedunculis

subbifloris, floribus nutantibus, calyce rotato, limbo patente undulato, co-

roll tubo conico cylindraceo pubescenti-piloso striato purpureo, limbi laci-

niis cum dentibus intermediis lanceolatis patentibus glabris.

Hebecladus biflorus. Miers in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. 4. p. 322.

Arropa biflora. Ruiz et Pav. Fl. Per. et Chil. v. 2. p. 44. tab. 181 6. Spreng. Syst.

Veget. v.1. p. 698. Roem. et Sch. Syst. Veg. v. 5. p. 684. Walpers’ Repert.

Bot. v. 3. p. 108.

~

A very pretty Solanaceous plant, with graceful drooping two-

coloured. blossoms ; a native of the Andes of Peru, about T'arma,

Canta, Culluay, &c., according to Ruiz and Pavon, and collected in

the same countries by Mr. Mathews, but only recently introduced

in a living state by Mr. Veitch of Exeter, through Mr. William

Lobb. It flowered in Mr. Veitch’s Nursery in August 1845, and

from a fine specimen kindly communicated by him, the accom-

panying figure is taken. It only requires a good greenhouse and

may easily be increased by cuttings and probably by seed. The

_ NOVEMBER Ist, 1845,

generic name is derived by Mr. Miers from #8 down, and dddos

a slender stem, in allusion to the character of some of the species.

‘The genus includes a very natural group of Solance, mostly na-

tives of Peru and New Grenada, and all from South America.

Drsor. This is usually stated to be a shrub, but the specimen

sent to me is so green and succulent, that it is probably at most

suffruticose ; dranches more or less spreading, terete, glabrous.

Leaves, the lower ones solitary and alternate, upper ones in un-

equal pairs, subovate, shortly petiolate, acute, sinuate, often angu-

lato-dentate, glabrous, paler and with prominent nerves beneath.

Peduncles axillary, solitary, forked or trifid, bearing two (rarely

three) handsome, drooping flowers. Calye glabrous, rotate, with

five spreading acute waved segments. ‘Corol/a an inch or more

long, of two colours; the tube conico-cylindrical, purple, hairy,

striated; the dimd of five spreading, green, narrow-lanceolate

segments, with a small tooth in each sinus. Stamens from the

base of the corolla, much exserted. Filaments hairy at the base.

Anthers blue-purple. Ovary globose, sunk in a two-lobed fleshy

disk. Style as long as the stamens.

Fig. 1, Calyx and pistil. 2. Corolla laid open :—magnified.

Reeve, ip

¢

‘Yay f MOAN Ant

AAO

Fitch, de},

Tas. 4193.

LYCASTE FULVESCENS.

Tawny-flowered Lycaste.

Nat. Ord. OrncHutpE®.—GyYNAaNDRIA MonaNDRIA.

Gen. Char. Flores ringentes, petalis seepe dissimilibus, in mentum breve pro-

ducti. Labellum medio appendice transverso integro v. emarginato auctum.

Columna elongata, semiteres, seepius pilosa. Pollimia 4, per paria caudicule an-

guste elongate adnata; glandula parva subrotunda ; rostello subulato.—Herbee

pseudobulbose ; foliis plicatis. Scapi erecti, radicales, uniflori. Flores semper spe-

ciosi bractea magna spathacea suffulti.—Lindt.

Lycastx fulvescens ; bractea herbacea ovario breviore, sepalis lanceolatis latera-

libus falcatis, petalis conformibus paulo minoribus, labello oblongo laciniis

lateralibus parvis acutis intermedia ovata obtusissima fimbriato, appendice

carnoso emarginato.

From the rich collection of the Rev. John Clowes, of Broughton

Hall, Manchester, who sent it as a species distinct from L. gigantea

of Dr. Lindley, ‘ Bot. Reg.’ 1845, Tab. 34. “I received it,” that

gentleman observes, “along with Z. gigantea and other Orchideze

from the province of Coro, in Columbia, of Linden’s collecting ;”’

and now that Dr. Lindley has figured the L. gigantea, we are the

better able to point out the distinguishing characters, which may

be found in the much smaller size of the flowers, and especially

‘of the bractea, and the beautifully fringed margin of the middle

lobe of the labellum, to say nothing of the different colour,—here

a rather pale tawny, with an orange-coloured lip, in L. gigantea a

greenish-brown, with a red-purple lip.

Lycaste is a name recently given by Dr. Lindley to a group of

Mazillaridea, of which Mazillaria aromatica, Hook. Ex. Fl. t.219,

and I. macrophylla, Poepp. Nov. Gen. pl. 1. t. 64, may be con-

sidered the types, and of which he has now described ten species,

all natives of Peru, Columbia, Mexico, and Guatemala.

Desor. Pseudo-bulbs broadly ovate, in part sheathed by mem-

branous large scales. Leaves two or more from the summit of

the pseudo-bulb, one and a half to two feet long and varying much

in width, rather membranous, plicate. Peduneles from the base

NOVEMBER lst, 1845.

of the pseudo-bulb, eight to ten inches to a foot long, terete, simple,

single-flowered, jointed, and with sheathing éracteas at the joints ;

upper bractea at the base of the ovary, and shorter than it. Se.

pals lanceolate, two lateral ones the longest, subfalcate, acuminate,

combined at the base which is retuse, the two lower ones forming

there an obtuse spur. Petals smaller than the sepals, but of similar

form and colour. ip oblong, three-lobed, orange colour; the

disk with a large emarginate, fleshy gland; the side lobes small,

acute, curved upwards, middle lobe ovate, very obtuse, reflexed,

its margin beautifully fringed with wavy hairs.

Fig. 1. Lip: magnified.

blood

Witeh del.

3 Tas. 4194.

SMEATHMANNIA LavieatTa.

Smooth-stalked Smeathmannia.

Nat. Ord. PasstFLOREZ.—POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

Gen. Char. SMEATHMANNIA, Soland. Perianthium duplex, utrinque

5-partitum ; exterius semicalycinum persistens, interius petaloideum, marcescens.

Urceolus simplex, membranaceus, ex ipsa basi perianthii. Stamina numerosa,

distincta, apici columne brevissime genitalium inserta. Styli 5. Stigmata pel-

tata. Capsula inflata, 5-valvis. Semina axibus valvarum inserta.—Frutices

Africe equinoctialis. Folia alterna, simplicia, subdentata, stipulis lateralibus

(utrinque solitariis geminisve) distinctis, callosis. Flores awillares, subsolitarit,

pedunculis guandoque brevissimis, basi bibracteolatis. Urceolus abbreviatus, ore

denticulato. Filamenta simplici serie, viginti circiter. Anthere incumbentes, li-

neares. Capsula chartacea. Semina axibus filiformibus valeularum subsimplict

serie inserta, pedicellata, punctata, omnino Passiflore. Br. in Linn. Trans, v. 13.

p. 221.

SMEATHMANNIA Jevigata; ramulis subsericeis, foliis oblongis grosse serratis

basi in petiolum perbrevem attenuatis apice acuminatis glaberrimis nitidis,

urceolo inciso intus piloso.

SMEATHMANNIA levigata. Soland. MSS. in Herb. Banks. Brown, l,c. p. 221.

De Cand. Prodr, 0. 3. p. 322.

A rare and remarkable genus, consisting of upright (not climb-

ing) shrubs, with white scentless flowers, nearly allied to Passiflora ;

first made known by Mr. Brown who described three species,

S. pubescens (Sol.) distinguished by its downy branches and its

broad leaves, which are very obtuse at the base and scarcely acute

at the summit; our present species; and S. media, which our

learned friend remarks may perhaps be a variety of the present.

Our specimens, both cultivated and native (gathered by Miss

Turner, daughter of the late Govenor-General Turner, and by

Mr. Whitfield) do not entirely agree with the character of S. Zevi-

gata, for the branchlets as well as the flower-buds are evidently

silky, and the urceolus of the flower is both fringed at the mar-

gin, and beset with hairs on the inside. The name was given

by Dr. Solander in compliment to Mr. Smeathman, an African

Naturalist and Traveller, who detected the three species defined

by Mr. Brown.

NOVEMBER Ist, 1845.

This shrub constitutes a very desirable stove-plant, with a glossy,

evergreen, almost distichous leaves and white flowers, growing

downwards and best seen on the underside of the branches. It was

introduced by the Earl of Derby through Mr. Whitfield, and to

his Lordship we are indebted for the possession of the plant at

Kew. It requires the constant heat of the stove, and flowers

freely, especially in July.

Duscr. A Shrub, growing erect, with spreading dranches, the

younger ones slightly downy or rather silky. Leaves alternate,

oblong, subcoriaceous, somewhat distichous, coarsely serrated, ta-

pering at the base into a short petiole, and rather suddenly, but

sharply, acuminated at the point. I perceive no distinct stipules ;

but on the anterior side at the base of the short petiole is a gland,

probably the rudiment of a tendril. Flowers solitary, axillary on

a short silky stalk bracteated at the base, curved downwards. Bud

(alabastrum) ovate, silky, with short brown leaves. Outer perianth

at length glabrous, green, with the broad edges of those sepals

which have been imbricated by the others, white; inner perianth

or oblong petals white, spreading as well as the calyx. Nectary

or wreeolus short, pale brown, frmged at the margin, beset with

hairs within. Stamens and pistil elevated on a short thick stipes.

Filaments (about twenty) longer than the pistil. Axthers oblong.

Ovary ovate ; ovules on five parietal placenta. Styles five. Stig-

mas. larger, capitate, peltate.

Fig. 1. Section of a flower, showing the stamens, pistil, and nectary. Fig. 2.

Portion of the hectary, seen from within. Fig. 3. Transverse section of the

ovary :-—magnified.

BIDS.

Taps. 4195.

GENISTA (Tetine) SPACHIANA.

Mr. Spach’s Genista.

Nat. Ord. Lecuminos®.—DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

Gen. Char. Calyx bilabiatus, labio superiore bipartito, inferiore 5-dentato, aut

5-lobus, lobis 3 infer. ad apicem fere coalitis. Vexillwm oblongo-ovale. Carina

oblonga recta genitalia non omnino continens. Stamina monadelpha. Legumen

plano-compressum aut rarius subturgidum, polyspermum, rarius oligospermum,

eglandulosum.—Frutices floribus flavis. DeCand. BOOT

GeENIsTa (Teline) Spachiana ; ramis striatis nodosulis pilis ascendentibus pube-

rulis, sterilibus apice obtusé mucronatis, floralibus pendulis ; foliis omnibus

3-foliatis, foliolis ellipticis lanceolatisque, acuminatis, subtus preecipué se-

riceo-hirtis, nervo medio crasso, mox supra fusco-virentibus, stipulis brevis-

simis angusté lineari-lanceolatis ; spica terminali ovata, bracteolis linearibus

tubo calycino brevioribus, labio inferiore longius 3-dentato dentibus linea-

ribus labium superius excedentibus, vexillo rotundato profundé emarginato,

medio ad apicem subpubescente, alis latis apice rotundatis glabellis, carina

oblonga hirta alis subbreviore; stigmate antrorsum (versus axim) declivi,

legumine hirsutissimo seminum caruncula flavicante. P. B. Webd.

This is a pleasing addition to the many-flowered and sweet-

scented group of Canarian Geniste which in early spring en-

liven the conservatory and greenhouse. Though a native of the

Canaries, the present species was not taken up in the ‘ Phytogra-

phia Canariensis’ forming part of the ‘ Hist. Nat. des Iles Canaries,’

the author of that portion of the work not being able to decide on

the specific value of the plant, owing to the incomplete specimens

in fruit, but without flowers, which alone existed in his herbarium.

It has now flowered from seeds sent by him formerly to Europe,

both at Mr. Young’s nursery at Milford near Godalming and at

the Jardin du Roi at Paris. It has been named in honour of Mr.

Edward Spach, assistant-naturalist in the latter establishment,

whose learning and acute observation have so much advanced the

“amiable science.”

M. Spach, in his elaborate revision of the Geniste just pub-

lished in the Annales desSciences Naturelles, has not discovered any

character sufficiently marked to enable him to break up this exten-_

sive group into new and convenient genera. He has been con- —

NOVEMBER Isr, 1845. Q — ;

tent to class them under numerous subgenera. If therefore neither

Salzwedelia, nor Voglera, nor any other divisions can be admitted

as genera, the group of Zeline, the types of which are G. candicans

and G. Canariensis (the latter considered to be a genus by Mcench

and in the‘ Phytographia Canariensis’) must subside likewise into a

sub-genus, though geographically most distinct, occupying almost

exclusively the south-western extremity of the Old World. Nine

Telines were described in the ‘Phytographia Canariensis ;’ to

these must be added the Spartium virgatum of Madeira; the

present species ; and another, the seeds of which were sent with

it from Teneriffe, and which has flowered in Mr. Young’s garden

G. (Leline) discolor, nob.; with a fourth yet unnamed from the

mountaims about Tetuan ; in all thirteen species, of which eight

are peculiar to the Canaries, two to Madeira, and three to the

_ western shores of the Mediterranean region.

The G.(Zeline) Spachiana, indigenous to the high mountains

of the N.W. of Teneriffe, will probably prove hardy in the cli-

mate of England. It existed for several years at Paris in the

open ground, and was only destroyed by the cold of the late severe

winter.—P, B. Webb.

4196.

Tas. 4196.

SCAVOLA ATTENUATA.

Attenuated-leaved Scevola.

Nat. Ord. GooDENOVIEEZE.—PENTANDRIA MonoeGynia.

Gen. Char. Cal. tubus ovario adnatus, limbus 5-partitus aut 5-dentatus, rariis

subinteger. Corolla hinc longitudinaliter fissa genitalia exserens, limbo inde

secundo 5-partito, lobis alatis subconformibus. Anthere liber. Stigmatis in-

dusium fer’ in omnibus ciliatum. Drupa carnosa aut exsucca coronata 1—4-locu-

laris, loculis 1-spermis.—Frutices suffrutices aut Herbee perennes in Australasia,

rarius in Indid, Senegalid aut insulis Caribeis habitantes. Folia alterna, rarius

opposita, integerrima aut dentata imo subincisa. Spice aut cyme dichotome ex

avillis orte. Flores bibracteati interdum in avillis solitarii. Corolle cerulee,

albe, rarius lutescentes. Cor. lobi alati sepé fimbriati, tubus intus villosus, faux

Jimbrias apice capitellas gerens. De Cand.

Scmvoua attenuata; fruticosa erecta pilosa, foliis lanceolatis dentatis, bracteis

subtendentibus integerrimis, corollis intus hirsutis, marginibus supra nudis,

stylis villosissimis. Br.

Scavora attenuata. Brown, Prodr. Nov. Holl. p.583. De Cand. Prodr. v. vii.

p. 508. Spreng. Syst. Veget. v.1. p. 152. Roem. et Sch. Syst. Veget. p. 163.

A shrubby plant, a native of south-west Australia, first detected

and described by Mr. Brown, possessing little beauty in its mode

of growth or foliage, but in June and July bearing rather copious

spikes of bright, but light, blue flowers, which then give it a very

pretty appearance. Our plant was reared from seeds sent by Mr.

Drummond from Swan River, and probably gathered to the

southward of that colony, toward King George’s Sound. It is cul-

tivated in good loam and treated as a greenhouse plant, fully ex~,

posed to the open air and rains in the summer, and housed in a

cool greenhouse during winter. It may be increased by cuttings.

Descr. Shrub one and a half to two feet high; the lower part

woody, the upper and younger branches herbaceous, often tinged

with brown, terete, hairy. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, somewhat

rigid and fleshy, much tapering at the base, with a long dilated

grooved petiole, which is still more dilated and gibbous below at

the point of insertion, hairy, especially at the margin, with a few

almost parallel veins, the margin entire, serrated. Spike termi-

NOVEMBER Ist, 1845,

nal and axillary, of several rather long, bright blue, slightly tinged

with purple, sessile fowers, each with a bractiform leaf, and each

again subtended by three lesser almost lanceolate hairy bracteas.

Calyx with the tube oval, combined with the ovary, and crowned

with an elevated truncated margin. Corolla hairy externally and

beautifully ciliated at the margins ; tube slit for the whole length

above, exposing to view the stamens and pistil. Zimd spreading,

secund, of five obovate and margined lobes, waved at the margins ;

at their base are several pedicellated glands. Stamens much

shorter than the tube. Sty/e nearly equal to the tube in length,

hairy. Stigma clavate ; the indusium two-lipped.

Fig. 1. Flowers and branches, slightly magnified.

Tas. 4197.

STANHOPEA TIGRINA.

Tiger-spotted Stanhopea.

Nat. Ord. Oncu1pE.£,—GyNANDRIA MoNoGYNIA.

Gen. Char. Perianthium membranaceum, patentissimum vel reflexam. Sepala, ;

libera, subundulata, mole su& ruentia. Pefa/a conformia angustiora. Labellum

hiberum, anticum, ecalcaratum, carnosum, utrinque cornutum ; dimidio superiore

(epichilio) convexo, inferiore (hypochilio) excavato. Columua longissima, petal-

oideo-marginata. Anthera 2-locularis. Pollinia 2, elongata, fissa, caudiculé

quam glandula biloba stipitata breviore.—Epiphyte psendo-bulbose. Folia pli-

cata, Scapi radicales, vaginati, pauciflori. Flores maximi magis minusve macu-

lati. Lindl.

Stannopea tigrina ; hypochilio subrotundo intus lamellis glandulosis radiato,

metachilii cornubus falcatis porrectis epichilii tridentati longitudine, sepalis

lateralibus maximis subrotundato-oblongis petalis multo latioribus. Lindl.

Stannorea tigrina. Batem. Orchid. Mew. et Guatem, t. 7. Lindl. Bot. Reg.

1839. ¢. 1. :

Perhaps no Orchideous plant is more calculated to attract at-

tention than the present, whether we consider the large size of

its blossoms, their strange form and almost waxy consistence,

their singular markings, or the powerful fragrance they exhale,

scenting the whole stove, and almost too strong to be agreeable ;_

but which is considered to resemble a mixture of Melon and Va-

nilla. The species is now not uncommon in our collections, and is

said to have been introduced to them by Messrs. Low, of-Clapton,

from Xalapa in Mexico. Like the other Stanhopeas it is easily cul-

tivated, only requiring to be suspended from a beam of the stove

in a wire basket filled with Sphagnum and other mosses, through

which the flower-stalks penetrate downwards and hang below the

basket, the pseudo-bulbs and leaves being seen above. During

the present and for several months in the summer, our plants in

the Royal Botanic Gardens flowered in the highest degree of per-

fection, and from one of them this representation was made. It

is the best marked and most distinct of all the genus.

Descr. In the /eaves and pseudo-bulis there is nothing

peculiar, a general sameness prevails in them, throughout the

DECEMBER Isv, 1845. R

several species. From the base of the pseudo-bulb, the short

scape is thrown out and hangs downwards, in an early stage wholly

covered by very large sheathing membranous pale brownish-co-

loured imbricated dracteas. This scape bears from three to four

very large flowers, of a form difficult, if not impossible, to convey

an idea of in words. The 3 sepals are broadly ovate and spread-

ing, concave especially below, the margins more or less recurved.

Petals oblong-lanceolate, and, as well as the sepals, of a rather

dingy yellow colour, mottled, especially towards the base, and

spotted with dark sanguineous purple. Lnp very large, and of a

remarkable shape, divided into three portions, the lower (or hy-

pochilium), is very concave and cup-shaped, with a large tooth at

its apex, and, within, some raised radiating granulated lines.

A middle portion is the “metachilium,” it is short, and bears

two long curved and geniculated horns, and encloses, as it were,

the “ epichilium,” a middle lobe of the lip, which is rhomboid and

three-toothed at the apex. The whole of the lip is thick and fleshy

or rather of a waxy consistency, of the same general ground colour

as the perianth, and more or less spotted with purple, the upper

and under side however of the “ epichilium” is tinged with orange.

A great part of this lip is covered by the very large spathulate

Incurved column, winged at the margin, more or less spotted with

purple, and bearing the anthers at the apex beneath. Pod/en-mas-

ses club-shaped, attached to a curious foot-stalk.

Fig. 1. Lip :—natural size, Fig. 2. Pollen-masses:—magnified.

419%

Tas. 4198.

RHYNCHOGLOSSUM $ zeyianicum.

Ceylon Rhynchoglossum.

Nat. Ord. CyrtanpRaceE®.—DIANDRIA Monoeynia.

Gen. Char. Calyx tubulosus 5-fidus, lobis per wstivationem valvatis. Corolla

tubulosa, personata, breviter bilabiata, labio super. abbreviato bilobo, infer. pro-

ducto semitrilobo, lobis lateralibus brevissimis. Stamina inclusa, 2 inferiora an-

theras reniformes gerentia, 2 et cum rudimento minimo 3 superiora sterilia.

Vaginula incompleta ovarii basin cingens. Stigma capitatum vix divisum. Cap-

suda stylo filiformi persistente superata, ovata, calyce inclusa bivalvis. Placenta 2

parietales adnate in lamellas 2 fissiles. Semina parva elliptico-oblonga.—Herbe

Indice annue glabre aut subpuberule. Caulis succulentus. Folia alterna petiolata

ovata basi hine alte excisa apice acuminata. Racemi terminates secundiflori sim-

plices, pedicellis solitariis 4-bracteatis. Flores deflewi cerulei. DC.

Ruyncnoetossum Zeylanicum ; corolle labio inferiore tubo duplo breviore trifido.

A lovely little plant, sent from Ceylon by Mr. Gardner, with

flowers of a bright blue, arranged in long one-sided racemes, and

leaves with singularly unequal sides like those of many Begonia,

and of a peculiarly tender green colour. The genus is Lovotis, of

Mr. Brown, in Horsfield’s ‘Plants of Java’, Fasc. 1. p. 102. t. 24.,

and the species there admirably figured and described, sO much

resembles the present one, that at first I was unwilling to consider

them distinct ; but in all the many flowers I have examined, there

is uniformly in our plant such a difference in the lower lip, short

and broadly ovate, not twice the length of the upper lip, and

much shorter than the tube ;—in Mr. Brown’s Lozotis odliqua

oblong or strap-shaped, longer even than the tube of the corolla,

obscurely tridentate, that I cannot but describe the present as

new. Mr. Brown was doubtful if his genus was the same with

the Rhynchoglossum of Blume ; but De Candolle having apparently

decided that poimt in favour of Blume’s name, I follow De Can-

dolle in adopting it. This name I presume is given from fiyyos

a beak, and yrdova a tongue, from the tongue-like beak or lower

lip to the flower; a name, applicable enough to the projecting

lower lip in the original species (constituting more than one half

of the corolla), but not at all so to that of ours.

DECEMBER Ist, 1845.

Drscr. Annual, or at most biennial. Stem herbaceous, terete,

glabrous, about a foot high, dichotomously branched; dranches

succulent. Leaves alternate, petiolate, obliquely ovate (one side

of the leaf frequently not half the size of the other), entire, closely

penninerved ; etiole strait, half an ch to nearly an inch long.

Flowers in long, terminal, sometimes interrupted and sometimes

leafy racemes, unilateral, drooping. Pedicels short, curved, with

a small subulate bractea at the base. Caly« rather short, hemi-

spherico-campanulate, five-angled, five-cleft, the lobes acute, un-

equal. Corolla personate, blue, beneath paler and almost white,

with a little yellow. Zwée cylindrical, rather more than twice the

length of the calyx; Zim two-lipped, upper lip bent back and

bifid, lower lip a little reflexed, trifid; the fawe yellow; middle

lobe the largest. Stamens two ; filaments arcuate ; anthers slightly

cohering. There are the rudiments of two other stamens, and a

minute gland, representing a fifth stamen. Ovary oval, glabrous,

with a large fleshy trifid gland on one side at the base ; two-celled,

with parietal two-lobed placente covered with many ovules. Style

included. Stzgma capitate. ,

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Corolla laid open. 3. Pistil and gland. 4. Transverse

section of the ovary:—magnified.

1 O9

Tas. 4199.

REEVESIA tuyrso1pEa.

Thyrse-flowered Reevesia.

Nat. Ord. Stercunraces®, HeLictreERE#.—MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

Gen. Char, Calyx campanulatus, 5-dentatus, eestivatione imbricata, pube stel-

lata tomentosus, bracteolatus. Petala 5, hypogyna, unguiculata, estivatione con-

voluta, callo inter unguem etlaminam. Stamina in toro longo filiformi insidentia.

Anthere 15, sessiles, in eyatho capitaliformi apice tantum pervio obsoleté 5-den-

tato connate, extrorsee, biloculares, loculis divaricatis, intricatis, longitudinaliter

dehiscentibus. Pollen sphericum, glabrum. Ovarium sessile, intra cyathum an-

theriferum, ovatum, glabrum, 5-angulare, 5-loculare, loculis dispermis. Ovula

margini loculorum unum super alterum affixa, superiore basi concavo in inferiorem

incumbente. Stigma 5-lobum, simplicissimum, sessile. Capsula stipitata, lig-

nosa, obovata, 5-angularis, 5-locularis, loculicidé 5-valvis, axi nullo. Semina

cuigue loculo duo basi alata.—Arbor (Chine) foliis alternis exstipulatis, racemis

terminalibus compositis, floribus albis. Lindl.

Reevesta ¢hyrsoidea. Lindl. in Brande’s Journ. vol.ii. p. 112. Bot. Reg. t. 1236.

The interesting plant here represented, drawn from the stove

of the Royal Gardens of Kew in July 1845, is a native of China,

and was first made known to botanists through John Reeves, Esq.

a gentleman long resident in Canton, distinguished for the many

services he rendered to Natural History, and Botany in particular,

and in honour of whom this plant is named by Dr. Lindley. Its

affinity with Helicteres is very striking. Endlicher forms of it,

with Ungeria, a little group, which he calls Reevesiee, chiefly

distinguished from Helicteres by the anthers being sessile. It

loves a warm green-house, and seems to flower at different seasons

of the year.

Descr. With us this plant is only a Shrwé, three to four feet

high ; but, in its native country, it 1s said to constitute a tree.

Branches rounded, glabrous. Leaves alternate, broadly lanceolate,

subcoriaceous, acuminate, petiolate, entire, penninerved ; petiole

slender, dilated upwards. Corymbs terminating the branches.

Peduncles and pedicels clothed with stellate pubescence. Calyx

also stellately pubescent, campanulate, suddenly contracted a little

above the base, the mouth cut into four or five unequal segments.

DECEMBER Ist, 1845.

Petals five, clawed, white or cream-colour. Anthers collected into

a head upon the top of a long stipes or torus ; the cells oblong,

opening vertically. Within these, and supported by the same torus

is the pistil; consisting of a subglobose, five-angled, stellately

pubescent yermen or ovary, crowned by a sessile blunt smooth

stigma.

Fig, 1. Calyx with the torus and anthers collected into a head, enclosing the

pistil. 2. Petal. 3. Pistil —magnified.

fPOC

Tas. 4200.

ANTHOCERCIS tinictro tia.

Holly-leaved Anthocercis.

Nat, Ord. ScRopHULARINEZ.—DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

Gen. Char. Calyx quinquefidus. Corolla campanulata, tubo basi coarctata,

staminifera ; limbo 5-partito, equali. Stamina inclusa, didynama cum rudimento

quinti. Stigma capitato-emarginatum. Capsula 2-locularis, 2-valvis, valvarum

marginibus inflexis, placenta parallele insertis. Semina reticulata.—Frutices

glabriusculi. Folia alterna, petiolo basive attenuata cum ramo articulata, crassa,

nunc glanduloso-punctata. Flores axillares, subsolitarii, pedunculo minute brac-

teato, ad artisulum sepits solubili. Corolla alba vel flava, speciosa, tubo intis

striato, limbo quandoque 6-8-partito. Br.

Antuocercts ilicifolia; elata, ramis virgatis, foliis obovatis spinuloso-dentatis

glabris, racemis elongatis terminalibus subcompositis, corollz laciniis line-

aribus tubum equantibus, capsula oblonga calycem quintuplo superante.

AnTHOCERCIS ilicifolia. 417. Cunn. in Hook. Bot. Mag. sub tab. 2961.

A species, in colour and general habit, nearly allied to the

showy Anthocereis littorea ; but very distinct and remarkable for

its size, often six feet high, and its very long twiggy branches,

leafy below, terminating in elongated compound spikes of graceful

pendent yellow flowers, the inside of the widely campanulate tube

of which is elegantly marked with dark blood-coloured lines. It

was first detected at the Swan River Settlement by Mr. Fraser,

(no. 186, of his collection), who speaks of it as general on the

river banks, and afterwards sent to us by Mr. James Drummond.

Seeds were given to the Royal Dublin Society by G. W. Webb,

Esq., of the Commissariat department there, and these, on being

reared by Mr. Moore of the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, were

kindly communicated to us in a fine state of flower in July 1845.

The plant requires a warm greenhouse in the winter; but in

summer, during the flowering season, a cooler place, with a plen-

tiful admission of air, will be the best suited to it.

Descr. Root perennial. Stems woody at the base, soon be-

coming green, glabrous, as is every part of the plant, four to six

feet high, copiously branched ; the dranches leafy below, floriferous

DECEMBER Ist, 1845.

above. Leaves alternate, obovate, or sometimes approaching to

spathulate, edged with rather remote spinous teeth, somewhat

fleshy, scarcely punctate when fresh, when dry marked on both

sides with copious depressed dots; in the ultimate ramifications

these leaves become gradually smaller and the flowers appear,

forming long graceful racemes, the pedicels frequently again

divided and subtended by small linear dracteas. Flowers pendent.

Calyx-tube short, five-angular, the five acuminated small teeth

appressed to the corolla. Corolla yellow; the tude bell-shaped,

with greenish lines on the outside, within marked with deep

blood-coloured ones, which are very conspicuous, owing to the

spreading tube: Zimb of five patent linear segments, about the

length of the tube, their margins reflexed. Stamens four, didyna-

mous, inserted near the base of the tube, with the rudiment of a

fifth ; all of them included. Azthers large, subrotundate. Ovary

ovate, sunk in a fleshy slightly toothed ring. Sfy/e rather shorter

than the tube ; stigma two-lobed. Capsules (on the native spe-

cimens) oblong, tapering, two-valved, five times as long as the

calyx.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Stamens. 3. Pistil :—magnified.

£201

—_ <j

Tas. 4201.

HABROTHAMNUS corymposus.

Corymb-flowered Habrothamnus.

Nat. Ord. Sotanea.—PENnTANDRIA Monoeynta.

Gen. Char. (Vide supra, Tas. 4183.)

HaBROTHAMNUS corymbosus ; fruticosus glaber, foliis breviter petiolatis ovato-

lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis penninerviis reticulatis, corymbis termi-

nalibus in ramos numerosos confertos breves paniculam densam foliosam

quasi formantibus, calycis laciniis acuminatis patentibus, corolle (intense

rose) tubo superne sensim dilatato, limbi laciniis elongatis lanceolato-

acuminatis demum reflexis, staminibus tubi supra medium insertis.

HaBroTuaMNus corymbosus. Endl. in Walp. Repert. Bot. v. 3. p. 122.

MEyENtIa corymbosa. Schlecht. in Linn. v. 8. p. 252.

A very handsome species of Habrothamnus, native of Mexico,

sent to the Royal Gardens of Kew by Mr. Low of Clapton, quite

distinct from the H/. fasciculatus, figured at Tab. 4183 of our pre-

sent volume. It is everywhere glabrous, apparently a much taller

plant, and with the corolla of a very different shape, widening

upwards and then suddenly contracted, so as to have an urceolate

tube ; and having the segments of the corolla much longer acu-

minated and at length reflexed. Its growth appears to be much

more rapid, and it is more easily cultivated, only requiring the

protection of a greenhouse in the winter. In the summer it does

best in the open air, and may readily be increased by cuttings.

As far as can be judged from the description it seems to be the

Meyenia corymbosa of Schlechtendahl.

Descr. Our Plant forms a shrué about five or six feet high,

erect, much branched. Zeaves alternate, crowded in parts, and, as

it were, fasciculate, ovato-lanceolate, membranaceous, acuminate,

entire, penninerved, the nervelets anastomosing. Pefiole short.

Towards the extremities of the main 4ranches, copious, short,

leafy, ones are produced, each of which is terminated with a

corymb of pretty deep rose-coloured flowers. Calyx tubular, cut

about half way down, into five lanceolate-subulate, shghtly spread-

ing segments. Corolla thrice as long as the calyx. Zée infun-

DECEMBER Ist, 1845. 5

dibuliform, gradually tapering upwards. Limdé of five long, ta-

pering, and at length recurved, segments, half as long as the tube.

Stamens included. Filaments inserted above the middle of the

tube, with a small blunt tooth at the point of insertion. Aznthers

rotundate. Germen subglobose, situated on a shallow, fleshy disk.

Style as long as the tube. Stigma capitate, two-lobed.

Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Corolla laid open. 3. Germen and disk. 4. Stigma ;—

magnified.

4202

Tas. 4202.

EVOLVULUS purpurRo-ca&RULEUS.

Purple-blue-flowered Evolvulus.

Nat. Ord. ConVoLVULACEZ.—PENTANDRIA DI@YNIA.

Gen. Char. Sepala 5. Corolla campanulata aut infundibuliformis. Styli 2

bifidi. Ovarium 2-loculare, 4-ovulatum. Capsula 2-locularis—Herbee aué mi-

nores suffrutices, non volubiles, plereque intra tropicos habitantes. De Cand.

EVOLVULUs purpuro-ceruleus ; appresso-pilosus subincanus inferne fruticosus e

basi ramosus, ramis primariis elongatis erectis secundariis patentibus graci-

libus rigidis, foliis patentibus v. recurvis lanceolatis acutis parvis, pedicellis

unifloris terminalibus vel lateralibus basi bracteatis, calycis laciniis parvis

lanceolatis patentibus, corollis extus sericeis margine crenulatis.

A small, but most lovely little suffruticose plant, with copious

flowers, at first sight not much unlike those of Anagallis cerulea,

but borne upon erect twiggy branches with small patent or re-

flexed leaves, and worthy a place in every garden on account of

the brilliant colour of its blossoms. Its nearest affinity, as to

species, and it is certainly an undescribed one, is with Hvolvulus

Arbuscula of Poiret, according to the Bahama specimens in our

Herbarium, thus named by M. Choisy, the author of the “ Con-

volvulacee’”’ in De Candolle’s Prodromus; but that has still

smaller and erect leaves, not tapering at the base, like those of

the one now before us.—It inhabits arid rocks near the sea, in

the district of Manchester, Jamaica; and caught the attention of

Mr. Purdie, its discoverer, and who sent home seeds of it to the

Royal Gardens of Kew, by its showy bright blue flowers.

Our figure was named from a charming specimen, belonging

to His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, Syon House. A va-

riety has bloomed at Kew, from the same country, with pale blue

flowers. It was reared in the stove, and requires to be kept mo-

derately moist. Flowers in July and August.

Descr. oot perennial, not very stout, throwing out branches

and fibres. Stem a foot and a half high, quite woody below and

often for more than half way up, branched from the very base ;

main dranches erect, stout below, gradually tapering upwards and —

DECEMBER Isr, 1845.

bearing several wiry, slender, patent, rigid, alternate branchlets, ap-

presso-pubescent. Leaves hairy in the same way, small, especially

the ultimate branches, all of them patent or reflexed, lanceolate,

acute, entire, the smaller ones almost linear, the larger ones taper-

ing below, but scarcely petiolate. //owers terminal on the leafy

branches and pedicellate ; or the pedicels are axillary and gene-

rally bracteated at the base. Ca/ye with a short tude, tapering

below, with five’ rather spreading small lanceolate segments,

downy with appressed hairs. Coro//a rotate, rich ultramarine blue,

with the centre white and a purple ray diverging from that up

the centre of each lobe, the margin five-lobed, the lobes rounded,

crenate ; externally the corolla is silky. Stamens: five filaments

and anthers white. Ovary ovate, two-celled, four-seeded. Styles

white, each branched aboye the middle and club-shaped at the

apex. 3

Fig. 1. Portion of a branch and leaves. 2. Outer view of a flower. 3. Inner

view of ditto. 4. Pistil. 5. Transverse section of an ovary, showing the four

seeds —magnified.

INDEX.

In which the Latin Names of the Plants contained ‘ ot tha First:

Volume of the Turrp Szrres (or ngs sdioee of the mob)

are alphabetically arranged. , |

Plate.

4175 Achimenes argyrostigma. fr, Gompholobinm versicolor ; var.

4144 ———_—— hirsuta. caulibus purpureis.

4139 Aerides odoratum. 4151 Govenia utriculata.

4180 Anigozanthus pulcherrimus. 4201 Habrothamnus corymbosus.

4159 Angrecum apiculatum. 4183 ——————— fasciculatus.

4145 ————— distichum. 4192 Hebecladus biflorus.

4200 Anthocercis ilicifolia. 4135 Hindsia violacea.

4146 Aotus gracillima. ee 4191 Ixora odorata.

4133 Backhousia myrtifolia. 4169 Leianthus longifolius.

4172 Begonia albo-coccinea. 4150 Lobelia thapsoidea.

4166 Bolbophyllum Careyanum. 4132 Luculia Pinciana.

4136 Barbacenia squamata. 4193 Lycaste fulvescens.

4157 Calceolaria alba. 4149 Lycium fuchsioides.

4154 ————— floribunda. 4164 Masdevallia fenestrata.

4188 Calliandra Tweediei. 4148 Oncidium bicallosum.

4182 Chirita Zeylanica. 4156 Peristeria Humboldtii ; var. fulva.

4143 Cryptadenia uniflora. 4173 Phyllarthron Bojerianum.

4141 Cymbidium ochroleucum. 4142 Pleurothallis bicarinata.

4160 Dendrobium fimbriatum; var. 4161 Polystachya bracteosa.

oculatum. 4176 Porphyrocoma lanceolata.

4153 ———— moniliforme. 4198 Rhynchoglossum Zeylanicum.

4140 Disemma aurantia. 4199 Reevesia thyrsoidea.

4184 Echinocactus Leeanus. 4147 Ruellia lilacina.

4181 —————— multiflorus. 4158 Salpixantha coccinea.

4177 ——————_ myriostigma. 4196 Sceevola attenuata.

4162 ———————- oxygonus. 4170 Sida (Abutilon) pzeonizflora.

4190 ————_—— pectiniferus. 4134 —— graveolens.

4165 Epidendrum longicolle. 4178 Siphocampylos coccineus.

4163 Eria Dillwynii. 4194 Smeathmannia levigata.

4202 Evolvulus purpuro-ceruleus. 4138 Solanum macranthum.

4186 Exostemma longiflorum. 4197 Stanhopea tigrina. a

4189 Franciscea acuminata. 4167 a

4174 Fuchsia serratifolia. 41s yStreliteia aagusis.

4185 Gardenia Stanleyana. 4187 Tacsonia mollissima.

4195 Genista (Teline) Spachiana. 4137 Turnera ulmiflora.

4152 Gesneria Schiedeana. 4155 Whitfieldia lateritia.

4171 Gompholobium barbigerum.

INDEX.

Tn which the English Names of the Plants contained in the First

Volume of the Turrp Srrrzs (or Seventy-first of the Work)

are alphabetically arranged.

Plate.

4144 Achimenes, hairy.

4175 silvery-spotted.

4139 Air-plant, fragrant.

4159 Angreecum, apiculated.

4145 two-rowed.

4180 Anigozanthus, beautiful yellow.

4200 Anthocercis, holly-leaved.

4146 Aotus, slender.

4133 Backhousia, Myrtle-leaved.

4136 Barbacenia, scaly-stalked.

4172 Begonia, or Elephant’s Ear, scar-

let and white-flowered.

4166 Bolbophyllum, Dr. Carey’s.

4157 Calceolaria, white-flowered.

4188 Calliandra, Mr. Tweedie’s.

4182 Chirita, Ceylon.

4143 Cryptadenia, solitary-flowered.

4141 Cymbidium, pale-yellow.

4160 Dendrobium, fringe-lipped ; var.

with sanguineous eye.

4153 ———— necklace-stemmed.

4140 Disemma, New-Caledonia.

4156 Dove-flower, or Peristeria, Hum-

boldt’s; tawny-flowered var.

4181 Echinocactus, many-flowered.

4177 many-spotted.

4184 Mr. Lee’s.

4190 - pectinated.

4162 sharp-angled.

4172 Elephant’s Ear, or Begonia ; scar-

let and white-flowered.

4165 Epidendrum, long-necked.

4163 Eria, Dillwyn Llewelyn’s.

4202 Evolvulus, purple-blue-flowered.

4186 Exostemma, long-flowered.

4189 Franciscea, acuminated.

4174 Fuchsia, serrated-leaved.

4185 Gardenia, Lord Derby’s.

4195 Genista, Mr. Spach’s.

4152 Gesneria, Schiede’s.

4170

ran

Plate.

4179 Gompholobium, changeable; pur-

ple-stemmed variety.

4171 Gompholobium, fringe-keeled.

4151 Govenia, bladdery.

4183 Habrothamnus, cluster-flowered.

4201 corymb-flowered.

4192 Hebecladus, twin-flowered.

4135 Hindsia, large-flowered.

4191 Ixora, fragrant.

4169 Leianthus, long-leaved.

4150 Lobelia, Mullein-like.

4132 Luculia, Mr. Pince’s. _

4193 Lycaste, tawny-flowered.

4149 Lycium, Fuchsia-flowered.

4164 Masdevallia, windowed.

4138 Nightshade, large-flowered.

4148 Oncidium, two-warted.

4156 Peristeria, or Dove-flower, Hum-

boldt’s ;-tawny-flowered var.

4173 Phyllarthron, Mr. Bojer’s.

4142 Pleurothallis, double-keeled.

4161 Polystachya, bracteated.

4176 Porphyrocoma, lance-leaved.

4199 Reevesia, thyrse-flowered.

4198 Rhynchoglossum, Ceylon.

4147 Ruellia, lilac-flowered.

4196 Scevola, attenuated-leaved.

4134 Sida, heavy-scented.

Peony-flowered.

4178 Siphocampylos, showy scarlet-

flowered.

4154 Slipper-wort, copious-flowering.

4194 Smeathmannia, smooth-stalked.

4197 Stanhopea, tiger-spotted.

i163 }Strelitzia, iiest white!

4168

4187 Tacsonia, downy-leaved.

4158 Trumpet-flower, scarlet.

4137 Turnera, Elm-leaved.

4155 Whitfieldia, brick-colored.

~ COMPANION

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE,

(NEW SERIES ).

NOTICE RESPECTING THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS

OF KEW.

“* So sits enthron’d, in vegetable pride,

Imperial Kew, by Thames’s glittering side ;

Obedient sails from realms unfurrowed bring

For her the unnam’d progeny of spring.”

“ Delighted Thames through tropic umbrage glides,

And, flowers antarctic bending o’er his tides,

Drinks the new tints, the sweets unknown inhales,

And calls the sons of Science to his vales.

In one bright point admiring Nature eyes

The fruits and foliage of discordant skies,

Twines the gay floret with the fragrant bough,

And binds hw wreath round GrorGe’s royal brow.”

“ Sometimes retiring from the public weal,

One tranquil hour the Roya ParTners steal;

Through glades exotic pass with step sublime;

Or mark the growth of Britain’s happier clime.”

Tur renewal of the Miscellaneous Information, under the

title of “Companion To THE Borantcat Macazine,” which,

commencing in 1835, was carried on to the extent of two

closely printed volumes, affords an opportunity of laying

before our readers some particulars, which cannot fail to

interest all lovers of Plants and of Horticulture, respecting

the present condition and future prospects of the Royal

Botanic Gardens of Kew. bath ged Ba

It is generally known that considerable changes in this

establishment were contemplated upwards of. four years ago,

when, from a private garden, belonging to the Royal ©

Family, and maintained by funds from the Board of Green

Cloth, it was liberally ceded by Her present Majesty Queen

Victoria, and placed in the hands of H. M. Commissioners of

Woods and Forests, with the view of its being made available

nae | a ald ; €

2

to the general good. The public, too, having since had free

access to the gardens, under a few needful regulations, cannot

fail to have observed the many alterations and improvements

effected under the sanction of the above-mentioned Board,

and must feel desirous of some particulars respecting them.

It is with a view to satisfy this laudable curiosity, that the

following notice is now offered.

This is not the place to enter into the full early history of

the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, but a few statements are

necessary, selected from the best authorities.

About the middle of the 17th century, the spot that now

forms the gardens of Kew, with the residence, called Kew

House, was the property of R. Bennett, Esq., whose daughter

and heir married Lord Capel. This nobleman was much —

attached to the cultivation of plants, and is said to have intro-

duced several new fruits and trees at Kew, which he had

brought with him from France; among them, “two Lentisks,

or Mastic-Trees,’ are recorded, for which he paid £40 (an

enormous sum two hundred years ago) to one Versprit, and

four white striped and variegated Hollies, costing him £5 a

tree. In Macky’s Tour through England in 1724, mention is

made of the “fine seat and excellent gardens, said to produce —

the best fruit in England, belonging to that great statesman

and gardener, Lord Capel.” Kew House and Grounds then

passed into the hands of Mr. Molyneux, who was Secretary

to King George the Second (when Prince of Wales), and

who married Lady Elizabeth Capel. He was well known as a

man of literature and an astronomer, and with an instrument

of his own construction, in these very grounds, Dr. Bradley

made his valuable discoveries relating to the fixed stars,

to record which, an inscription was ordered, by the late King

William the Fourth, to be placed on the pedestal of the sun-

dial, erected on the identical spot where Dr. Bradley’s telescope

had stood, upon the lawn, and opposite to the present palace.

The Prince of Wales, who was son to George the Second,

and father of George the Third, admiring the situation, took

a long lease of Kew House from the Capel family, about the

year 1730, and formed the pleasure-grounds, containing

nearly one hundred and twenty acres, which were finished by

his widow Augusta, the Princess Dowager of Wales, who

had gr eat delight in superintending the improvements, then

carried on upon a most extensive scale. “ Originally, the

ground was one dead flat; the soil sandy, and, in general,

barren, and destitute of either wood or water. With so many

3

natural disadvantages, it was not easy to produce anything,

even tolerable, in gardening ; but princely munificence, aided

by a Director, equally skilled in cultivating the earth, and in

the polite arts, overcame all difficulties. What was once a

desert is now an Eden. The judgment with which Art hath

been employed to supply the defects of Nature, and to cover

its deformities, hath very justly gained universal admiration,

and reflects uncommon lustre on the refined taste of the

noble contriver, as the vast sums which have been expended

to bring this arduous undertaking to perfection, do infinite

honor to the generosity and taste of the illustrious possessor,

who, with so liberal a hand, distributes the superfluity of her

treasures, in works, which serve at once to adorn the country,

and to nourish its industrious inhabitants.” *

At this time, Sir William Chambers was employed in deco-

rating the grounds at Kew with temples, &c., an account of

which he published in a large folio book, with many plates,

dedicated to the Princess Dowager of Wales, under the title

of “ Plans, Elevations, Sections, and Perspective Views of the

Gardens and Buildings at Kew, in Surrey, the Seat of Her

Royal Highness, the Princess Dowager of Wales.”

The Physick or Exotic Garden, } was also begun before

the year 1759, by the Princess Dowager ; for we find in that

year, Mr. William Aiton, a pupil of the celebrated Philip

Miller of the Chelsea Gardens, was placed in charge of the

Botanical Garden at Kew; a gentleman distinguished no less

by his private virtues, than for his knowledge of plants, and

great: skill in cultivating them. His professional abilities

soon procured him the friendship of the late Sir Joseph

Banks, which subsisted for life: the most curious plants

were collected from every part of the world, and Mr. Aiton’s

care in rearing them, was evinced by his attention to the

various soils and several degrees of warmth or cold, that their

different natures required. The borders in the garden were

enlarged for the freer circulation of air where it was needful,

and the stoves improved, so as to afford the plants, as nearly

as possible, the atmosphere of those climates where they

originally grew. [

* Sir William Chambers.

t This does not appear to have been the first Botanic Garden in Kew;

for Dr. Turner, the Herbalist, ‘‘ one of the fathers of English Botany,” had

a Botanic Garden here, as well as at Wells, where he was Dean of the

Cathedral.

t Gentleman’s Magazine, 1793.

In 1783, Mr. Haverfield having been advanced to a higher

office, was succeeded by Mr. Aiton in the lucrative post of

superintending the pleasure-grounds and kitchen-gardens at

Kew, conjointly with which he was allowed to retain his

former charge.

It was about the year 1789, that His Majesty George the

Third purchased Kew House, which was soon afterwards

pulled down, and the furniture removed to an old mansion,

known by the name of Kew Palace, once the property of Sir

Hugh Portman, who is mentioned as “the rich gentleman

who was knighted by Queen Elizabeth at Kew.” This small

but picturesque old brick dwelling, which appears to be of

the date of King James or Charles I., was bought in 1781 for

Queen Charlotte, and was long the favorite suburban resi-

dence of the Royal Family. Her Majesty took great interest

in thé increase of the collection of plants; and the late Sir

James E. Smith, President of the Linnzean Society, has borne

testimony to the love of Botany on the part of Queen Char-

lotte, when he says, “the name Strelitzia* of Aiton, stands

on the sure basis of Botanical knowledge and zeal; and that

few persons have ever loved the study of nature more, or

cultivated it so deeply as Her Majesty.”” Under such Royal

auspices, and with the powerful patronage of Sir Joseph Banks,

it was only to be expected that the garden of Kew should

soon become celebrated all over the world. So early as 1760,

the great stove was built by Sir William Chambers, which

still exists, and must have been a remarkable structure for

that time of day, being 114 feet long; the centre, occupied

by the bark stove, 60 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 20 feet high,

* So called by Sir Joseph Banks and Mr. Aiton, in compliment to Her

Majesty, the Consort of George III., as Princess of the House of Mecklen-

berg Strelitz. It is a plant worthy to bear so great a name ; and noble

specimens are usually to be seen in flower, in one or other of the stoves,

during the winter months: especially that species on which the Genus was

founded, Strelitzia Regine, figured at Tab. 119 of the Old Series of this

work, and which has been justly described as one of the most brilliantly

colored flowers in nature. The Strelitzia augusta, a far more stately

plant of the Genus, and with larger, but very differently colored petals, has

recently flowered in the conservatory of Kew, and will soon find a place

in these volumes.—By the recent marriage of H. R. H. the Princess

Augusta of Cambridge with the Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenberg

Strelitz, this august name is still preserved in the family; and the amiable

Princess who bears it, has, we have ample opportunities of knowing,

evinced a no less lively interest in the present improvements carrying

on at Kew, than her Royal ancestor did in those to which we are now

alluding. :

5

exclusive of the tan-pit; and the two ends formed two dry

stoves, each 20 feet long, 18 wide, and 20 feet high.

In 1761, the Orangery was erected, also by Sir William

Chambers; this is 145 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 25 feet

high, and in the same year was added the very elegant

Temple of the Sun, as it is called, of the Corinthian order,

and some young trees were planted near, now grown to be

nearly the most beautiful and ornamental in the garden, par-

ticularly an Oriental Plane and a Turkey Oak. Such an

increase of plants had taken place in the year 1788, that a

greenhouse for Cape plants was built, measuring 110 feet

long; and another for New Holland ones, nearly the same

size, in 1792.

In 1768, a catalogue of the plants in the Exotic Garden at

Kew was published by Dr. Hill, under the title of “ Hortus

Kewensis,” and a second edition the following year. Buta

far more elaborate and important work appeared, in three

vols. Svo, with some admirable plates, the “ Hortus Kewensis

of William Aiton,” in 1789, giving an account of the several

foreign plants which had been introduced into the English

gardens at different times, amounting to 5,600 in number ;

and so highly was it esteemed, that the whole impression was

sold off within two years. Mr. Aiton did not long survive

this publication, for he died in 1793, in the sixty-third year

of his age, and lies buried in the church-yard at Kew, near

the graves of his distinguished friends, Zoffany, Meyer, and

Gainsborough. His pall was borne up at the funeral by the

most distinguished lite and scientific men of the day, by

Sir Joseph Banks, Sy ae afterwards Bishop of

Carlisle, Mr. Dryander, Dr. Pitcairn, Sir David Dundas of

Richmond, and Mr. Zoffany. A singular Genus of Cape

plants was named after him by the celebrated Professor Thun-

berg, and the admirable portrait of him, which we have often

seen in the library of the late Sir Joseph Banks, now in the

British Museum, represents him as holding a sprig of Attonia

in his hand.

Mr. Aiton was succeeded by his son, William Townsend

Aiton, Esq., who was no less esteemed by His Majesty George

the Third than his father had been, and who, besides con-

ducting the botanical department, and taking the charge of

the extensive pleasure grounds, was also employed in the

improvement of the other royal gardens and _pleasure-

grounds, in all which he displayed great skill and judgment

and an intimate acquaintance with his profession. The voyage

c

6

of Captain Cook and Sir Joseph Banks round the world,

those of Capt. Flinders and Mr. Robert Brown ( Botanicorum

Princeps) and of Mr. Allan Cunningham to Australia, of

Bowie and Masson to the Cape of Good Hope and Brazil,

enriched the gardens at this period with the vegetable pro-

ductions of the Southern Hemisphere, to a degree which has

had no parallel, before or since,—add to this, one or more

collectors were, for a long period of years, employed in vari-

ous other countries abroad, and the produce of their researches

was deposited at Kew.

These vast accessions of plants to the garden occasioned a

new and greatly enlarged edition of Mr. Aiton’s Hortus

Kewensis to be published by his son, in five vols. 8vo. (1810) ;

“a work,” as the author justly remarks, in the Dedication to

the King, “ rendered necessary to the public, not only by the

number of valuable plants continually sent home by your

Majesty’s collectors abroad ; but also by the influx of curious

Exotics, poured into the Royal Botanic Garden of late, by

your Majesty’s subjects, anxious to aid, by their individual

exertions, that munificent patronage which has rendered

Botany a favorite pursuit among all classes of your Majesty’s

people.” In the same Dedication Mr. Aiton acknowledges

the valuable assistance he (as well as his father) received

from the scientific knowledge and learning of Sir Joseph

Banks and Mr. Dryander. In this second edition too, the

Botanical world is indebted, for an entire revision of the

Orchideous and Cruciferous tribes, to the pen of Mr. Brown.

At various times, and especially during the life of His Majesty

George the Third, other houses, stoves, and pits were erected as

occasion required; but it must be confessed that, on the decease

of that revered monarch, and of Sir Joseph Banks, whom His

Majesty so much delighted to honor, and who died shortly

after the King, the Botanic Garden languished and suffered

from want of royal and scientific encouragement. During the

reigns of George the Fourth and William the Fourth, with

the exception of the few plants transmitted by collectors who

were occasionally employed, and one hothouse, (the conserv-

atory,) being erected by the last-mentioned sovereign, (and it

Is but justice to say this is the handsomest and most orna-

mental,) the Botanic Garden rather retrograded than other-

wise ; its funds were diminished ; and matters would have been

much worse, but for the truly parental affection cherished

towards the establishment on the of Mr. Aiton and the

able exertions of his Assistant and Foreman (now the Curator)

7

in the gardens, Mr. John Smith. Throughout the country, a

feeling existed, which soon began to be loudly expressed,

either that the establishment should be entirely abolished, or

that it ought to be placed upon a very different footing, and

rendered available, as a great scientific establishment, for the

advantage of the public.

Government was happily ready to respond to this latter

feeling, and in 1838, the Lords of H. M. Treasury appointed

a Committee to enquire into the management, condition, &c.,

of the Royal Botanic Gardens. The result was that in May,

1840, a “ Return” was made to the House of Commons,

consisting of a Report by Dr. Lindley, who, at the request of

the Committee, had surveyed the Gardens, in conjunction

with Messrs. Paxton and Wilson, two practical gardeners.

Strangers, or persons not well acquainted with the vicinity

of Kew, have often very incorrect notions of this establish-

ment; nor can it be wondered at that such should be the case,

seeing for how long a time it was the private garden of the

Royal Family, and taking into account, also, the great extent

and varied nature of the grounds. We shall in few words

describe them, as they existed at the period we speak of.

They consist of,

Ist,—The Grounds immediate about the Palace of Kew ;

they are of small extent, (including a waste piece, on which

was begun the great edifice of Mr. Wyatt, soon afterwards

pulled down,) bounded on the North side by the road and

towing-path and the river, on the South and West by the

Pleasure Grounds, and on the East by the Botanic Gardens.

2d,—The Botanic Garden proper, the present unfavorable

entrance to which is on the South side of Kew Green, between

the residence of H. R. H. the Duke of Cambridge and that

occupied by General Sir George Quentin. It contained, at

the time in question, eleven acres,* or thereabouts, of very

irregular outline, bounded on the North partly by the gardens

of the residences (chiefly Crown property) which stand on the

South side of Kew Green, in part by the Green itself, from

which it is separated by a handsome railing, and in part by the

gardens of H. M. the King of Hanover; Westward by the

grounds of the palace above mentioned; Eastward by the

royal Kitchen and Forcing Gardens; and South by the Plea-

sure Ground.

* Not fifteen, as mentioned in the Report above named. That extent

must, we think, have been intended to include the Kitchen and Forcing

Gardens also.

8

3d,—The Royal Kitchen and Forcing Gardens, situated

between the Botanic Gardens and the Richmond road (where

is the entrance), and comprising about 6 acres.

4th,—The Pleasure Ground, consisting of 120 acres, an

extensive and beautiful area, lying to the South of the Botanic

Garden, and bounded by the Richmond road and the river.

For some years, this has been thrown open twice a week to

the public, during the summer months; it contains the well-

known pagoda, temples, seats, and an ornamental piece of

water, which was once a large lake, covering many acres.

5th,—To the South of this, and stretching between the

Richmond road and the river, almost into the lower part of

the town of Richmond, lies Richmond Old Park, or Kew

Park, as it is sometimes called ; a noble extent of pasture,

interspersed with many fine trees, and distinguished by the

Observatory, which was erected by George the Third, now

liberally granted to the use of the British Association, and

where this scientific body is carrying on an interesting series

of experiments on Terrestrial Magnetism.

The Report of Dr. Lindley, mentioned above, has reference

only to the 2d of these divisions; namely, the Royal Botanic

ens, and it states that “ they occupy about fifteen acres

(see note supra), and contain many fine Exotic Trees and

Shrubs, a small collection of Herbaceous Plants, and numer-

Ous specimens of Grasses.- Ten different stoves and green-

houses,* built at different times, as occasion required, are

* As some of these houses have already been greatly altered, and others

are condemned, as unworthy of the gardens, it may not be uninteresting to

record their former extent, and contents, as given in the Report.

~ oS Palm Stove, 60 feet long, containing some fine old Palm trees,

&c., planted in the ground,”

2. “A Stove, 50 feet long, with a miscellaneous collection of stove

rl ee “ Ditto, 60 feet, containing ditto, and two small tanks for aquatic

plants.

4. “ A small span Greenhouse, 40 feet long, occupied by a miscella-

neous collection of New Holland and Cape plants.” .

5. “A Dry Stove, 40 feet long, in two compartments, filled with

succulent plants,”

“A Greenhouse, 60 feet long, chiefly filled with fine specimens of

Cape of Good Hope and New Holland plants, among which are some noble

sias.”

7. “A double Propagating Pit and Hospital, 35 feet long, with

cuttings and sick plants in one division, Ferns, Ovchidew, and other valuable

ae the other,” acd

5 aad reenhouse, 30 feet lo taining small Cape of Go

Hope and New Holland plants.” ag heer tt By ee

9

crowded together without plan or arrangement, all heated by

separate fires, producing a quantity of soot, which causes

much inconvenience ; they contain a great variety of rare and

valuable Tropical plants, in good preservation. Besides these

houses, a fine Orangery stands in the Pleasure Grounds,

filled with Orange trees and other shrubs, of great size and

value, and a new architectural greenhouse (that erected by

William the Fourth, before mentioned). The report goes on

to state that “‘ the cultivation, on the whole, is creditable to

those individuals who have had charge of the garden, consid-

ering the crowded state of the houses, and the inadequate

funds allowed for its support. These causes, and the very

insufficient extent of ground allotted to the garden as a

National Institution for the encouragement and extension of

Botanical Science, prevent its fulfilling the objects for which

it was designed ; neither does it seem to be useful as a private

Royal Garden, being only resorted to for supplies of flowers

and plants, on occasion of great entertainments at the royal

alace.

aie Of late years, the means of maintaining this garden

appear to have been considerably reduced; one of the two

collectors, who had been sent abroad in 1814 to collect seeds

and plants and to communicate with similar institutions in

other countries, having been recalled in 1823, and the other

in 1830.”

It resulted from this investigation that the whole of the

Gardens, Pleasure Grounds, and Park was transferred to the

department of Her Majesty’s Commissioners of Woods and

Forests. Mr. Aiton, on the eve of the fiftieth anniversary of

his Directorship, retired from the charge of the Botanic Gar-

dens, and the writer of the present notice received instructions

from the Honorable Board of Commissioners to enter upon

9. “A Botany-Bay house, 110 feet long, crowded with magnificent

specimens, chiefly of New Holland plants.” =.

10. ‘ An old Stove, reported to be the first house erected in the garden,

110 feet long, in three divisions, one occupied by noble succulents and other

plants; the second containing a stately Zuma pungens, Palms, &c.; and

the third a miscellaneous set of greenhouse plants, with a few forced flowers

fi segays.””

Ate e n addition to these, there are, in the Pleasure Ground, a fine old

Orangery, above alluded to, 130 feet long, filled with Orange trees Araw-

carias, New Holland and other pene of great size : and

12. In another part of the Pleasure Ground, adjoining the Arboretum,

there has been recently erected an architectural greenhouse, 82 feet long,

42 feet wide, and 28 feet high.”

D

10

the important duties of that office in the spring of the year

1841, and to make, as speedily as possible, a report to the

Board, of such alterations as were deemed essential for render-

ing the gardens useful to the public at large and to our

colonies abroad. Many useful suggestions on these heads

are offered in the Report of Dr. Lindley, especially when he

observes, “ A National Garden ought to be the centre round

which all minor establishments of the same kind should be

arranged ; they should be all under the control of the chief of

that garden, acting in concert with him, and, through him,

with each other; reporting constantly their proceedings, ex-

plaining their wants, receiving their supplies, and aiding the

mother country in every thing that is useful in the Vegetable

Kingdom. Medicine, Commerce, Agriculture, Horticulture,

and many valuable branches of manufacture, would derive

much advantage from the establishment of such a system.

From a garden of this kind, government would be able to

obtain authentic and official information on points connected

with the establishment of new colonies: it would afford the

plants there required, without its being necessary, as now, to

apply to the officers of private establishments for advice and

assistance.

“Such a garden would be the great source of new and

valuable plants, to be introduced and dispersed through this

country ; it would be a powerful means of increasing the plea-

sure of those individuals who already possess gardens; and,

what is of far more consequence, it would undoubtedly become

an efficient instrument in refining the taste, increasing the

knowledge, and augmenting the amount of rational pleasures

of that important class of society, to provide for the instruc-

tion of which has become so great and wise an object with the

present enlightened administration.

“Purposes like these could not be effectually accomplished

with such a place as the Botanic Garden of Kew now is

(in 1838). It would, however, prove an admirable founda-

tion ; and the facility of reaching it, either by land or water,

renders it impossible to select a better site in the vicinity of

the metropolis. :

7 To render it effective, it should be enlarged by the addi-

tion of, at least, 30 acres from the Pleasure Grounds of Kew.

Considerable additions should be made to the houses; every

thing should be systematically named and arranged ; in short,

the garden should be perfectly adapted to the three branches,

of instruction, exhibition, and supply.” :

11

Other alterations of a very important character could not

fail to suggest themselves to the Director on his becoming

intimately acquainted with the minutiz of the establishment,

and many which it were tedious to narrate in this place.

One of the first of these was to throw open the Botanic

Garden for the admission of the public on every week-day,

from the hours of one to six, or, rather, till dark in summer ;

and even to admit any respectable individuals coming from a

distance, who may not be acquainted with this regulation, at

an earlier hour; and not only are the grounds, but the houses

also, open to visitors ; and it is almost needless to say that the

number of these has been very considerable. Yet, what is

peculiarly gratifying, and contrary to the anticipation of many

persons, this privilege has been rarely abused. In the few

cases of an opposite description, the conviction (which must be

expected when trustworthy men are necessarily dispersed

through the garden at their various occupations) has produced

its own punishment. :

Next to the facility of ingress, and consequent pleasure

and instruction to the public, the enlargement of the ground

was an important object. The limit of the garden was not

indeed exactly defined where it met the precincts of the

residence of H. M. the King of Hanover ; but permission was

soon granted to include within the Botanic Garden, all

the ground immediately adjoining the Conservatory and the

Orangery, which greatly augmented the beauty of the

view, and included between 3 and 4 acres. This addition

to the gardens, howevér, was rather to be considered orna-

mental than useful. Application was made by the Chief

Commissioner of Woods and Forests to Her Majesty, for such

an extent of land from the contiguous Pleasure Ground as

might afford the means of forming an Arboretum, suited to

such an establishment, and also of erecting a Palm or Tropical

stove, equally worthy of the place and the nation. Her

Majesty was graciously pleased to assent to this request, and a

portion of the Pleasure Ground, comprising about 47 acres,

and including a piece of water, was surveyed and permitted to

be enclosed with a light wire fence, so as still to open the

view into the rest of the Pleasure Ground, and added to the

beauty of the Botanic Gardens, which may now be estimated

to contain 60 acres, and the two areas are now laid into one.

Thus, here is a considerable space allotted for Arboretum, if

judiciously planted, and in grounds already so highly orna-

mental, and so furnished with well-grown trees, as to present

12

great inherent beauty, independently of the additional im-

provements which are in contemplation.

But changes now come to be noticed that have taken place

within the boundary of the old ground, or original Botanic

Garden : for in the same ratio that the space for hardy plants

needed enlargement, so did the accommodation for tender

plants; and plans were given in for those improvements, by

which such a transformation is effected in the aspect of the place,

that persons, who have not visited Kew Gardens for two or

three years, can scarcely recognize the localities. These alter-

ations may be best understood by a reference to the former

condition of the stoves and greenhouses (as given in the note

p- 8); and, at the same time, some changes will be detailed,

that are yet only in contemplation.

We will suppose the visitor to enter the garden from Kew

Green : he passes along an alley of shrubs, which turns at an

angle close to the present dwelling of the Curator, Mr. John

Smith, and after walking under a handsome specimen of Napo-

leon’s Willow (Saliz Babylonica) growing on the left hand

(and remarkable for a conspicuous and strong root which it sent

out for more than 20 feet in search of water) and a healthy

young Pinus Webbiana on the right, he enters the Arboretum

immediately opposite toa Glastonbury Thorn, which may often

be seen in flower on or before Christmas, and does not shed its

foliage till after that time, blossoming again in Spring. Near

the Thorn is a handsome Deodar, from the Himalaya Moun-

tains ( Cedrus Deodara) ; a Deciduous Cypress ( Taxodium dis-

tichum ), and a rare unkown species of the Genus supposed to

come from Japan ; the curious and scarce Juniperus filiformis,

unique of its kind; Pinus macrocarpa, P. Coulteriana, ke.

&c. Here the visitor, attracted by the appearance of stoves,

probably turns to the left, or south, rather than into the right-

hand walk, which would lead more immediately to the old

Arboretum, and the first object he sees on the right-hand side,

opposite to a noble tree of the Downy-fruited Maple, (Acer

eriocarpum of North America,) is the house to which we

have been alluding, as about shortly to be removed, viz. :—

“A Palm-stove, 60 feet long, containing, among other things,

some fine old Palm trees, planted in the ground.” These

Palms have greatly outgrown the house, and they are suffer-

mg extremely; but the building, which had been raised to

give them more room, is old and worthless, and will be

altogether demolished. In the meanwhile, preparations are

making for the removal of the Palms, and of a noble Screw

13

Pine (Pandanus odoratissimus), planted in the ground,

which, by digging round the roots, and limiting them within

a smaller compass, will allow of being set into a great tub,

and thus removed into the future Palm Stove. Besides the

plants just mentioned, this house at present contains a large

collection of Ferns; amongst them the Zree Fern of Van

Diemen’s Land (Dicksonia antarctica), a fine specimen of

the Indian Dammara Pine (Dammara orientalis) ; and two

still rarer ones, the Dammara of New Zealand, or Cowdie

Pine (D. australis), so valuable for masts for our navy ; some |

miscellaneons bulbs, &e.

Following the same path for a very short distance, we

come on the left to

“No. 2. A Stove, fifty feet long, filled with a miscellaneous

collection of plants.” At the time alluded to (1839), this,

like all the other hothouses and greenhouses described in

the list, was nothing more than a lean-to, presenting only a

South front, with a high back-wall on the North, and heated

by smoke-flues. The present erection, retaining its original

position and length, has been doubled, and is converted into a

span-house, giving, of course, twice the area of its former

dimensions; the new glass is all sheet-glass ; the heating is

on the best construction, with hot-water pipes, and hot-water

tanks; slate tables are placed in the centre, and broad stone

shelves in the circumference; and there are pillars for

climbers. It is still, assuredly, “ filled with a miscellaneous

collection of plants; but these are in a highly flourishing

condition, and as unlike plants cultivated with smoke-flues

as it is possible to conceive. One of the shelves is, at present,

occupied with a fine range of ever-flowering Begonias, whose

highly-ornamental foliage, amid a hundred modifications,

always preserves its peculiar character of obliquity, and is

thence, not inaptly called, Elephant’s Ear. The Genus, too,

possesses a great advantage, in its species producing their

delicate pink or white blossoms at different seasons; so that

one or other kind may be seen in bloom all the year round.

Here, too, are the famous Tea Plants of Paraguay (Ilex

Paraguayensis), a2 kind of Holly, affording the beverage,

called Matd in South America, and used almost as extensively

in that great continent, as the Bohea, Souchong, and Hyson,

of China, are in Europe. The Upas or Poison Tree of Java

(Antiaris toxicodendron), to whose authentic virulence it

has been the pleasure of poets and travellers to add. many a

E

©

14

horrifying imaginary incident: this most valuable specimen

was presented to the Royal Gardens, along with many other

oriental rarities, by the Hon. the Directors of the East India

Company. The Tanghin, or Poison Tree of Madagascar

( Tanghinia veneniflua), rendered infinitely more extensively

baleful than Upas by the execrable laws of the Malagassy

kingdom (for a colored representation of this tree, and many

particulars of its use in the native ordeal, as communicated

by the Missionaries, see the. Botanical Magazine, Tab. 2968;

and Botanical Miscellany, v. 3, p. 275—291, Tab. 110). In

this same house, are Coffee and Chocolate shrubs, Black

Pepper, the Teak of India, the Cow-Tree or Palo de Vaca

of the Caraccas, Galactodendron utile, (described and figured

in the Botanical Magazine, Tab. 2723 and 2724), and a

multitude of other rare fruticose plants. The Telfairia

pedata (Botanical Magazine, Tas. 2751, 2), with its curiously

fringed flowers, would fill the building with the lengthened

branches which it throws out, if permitted to do so: the Gre-

nadilla (Passiflora edulis, Botanical Magazine, Tas. 1989);

the beautiful Gardenia Sherbournie,—these climbers, together

with the Passiflora alata, Allamanda cathartica, Echites

hirsuta, Powwrea coccinea and Roxburghi, Petrea volubilis,

Beaumontia grandiflora, and I ‘pomea Horsfallie, twine round

the pillars,

It may be remembered by former visitors to the garden,

that, in the old state of this stove, there was a gate of entrance

at its west end, opening from the Arboretum into the Botanic

Garden, and that from this point, a wall went off (where a

Terebinth-Tree, and a large Salisburia now stand) to the

back of the “old stove,” and from the West. termination of

that again in the direction of the old Orangery: this wall

formed the boundary (now pulled down) between the Arbo-

retum and the herbaceous ground.

“No. 3. A Stove, sixty feet long, with two small tanks,

for water-plants, occupied by a miscellaneous assemblage of

stove plants.”” This remains still in the same condition as

when the Report was prepared ; and it is interesting, during

the short time it will be permitted so to stand, to compare

the state of its inmates, as to growth and vigour, with those

in the building just left, (No. 2,) where the improvements in

hothouse cultivation have been adopted. It is, however, in-

tended, during the present year, 1845, to make a span-house

of this, to carry it out to the length of ninety feet, joining it

~~

15

to, and rendering it in every point, except as to internal

_ arrangement, like No. 2, when it probably will form a recep-

tacle for Orchideous plants.

_ “No.4. A small Span-greenhouse, forty feet long, con-

taining a miscellaneous collection of New Holland and Cape

plants.” This runs North and South, and may be entered by

a door opposite the centre of the house, No. 2, and it is, as to

external appearance, much the same as it originally was; but

the interior arrangement and mode of heating are altered,

and it is filled with Cape Heaths and Epacridee. Outside

this greenhouse, both on the East and West sides, are low

frames, warmed by a single hot-water pipe. That on the

East, contains Erythrinas, Alstremerias, and other half-

hardy herbaceous plants ; that on the west side, together

with a number of half-hardy Ferns, and other rarities, pro-

tects the rare Beech-Trees of Cape Horn, Fagus Forsteri,

and Fagus antarctica,* the most southern trees m the world,

one of which has small evergreen leaves; also the Winter's

Bark (Drimys Winteri), Berberis ilcifola, the rarest and

largest- flowered species of the Genus, &c.: all these were

brought home by the Antarctic Expedition, under the com-

mand of Captain Sir James Ross.

“No. 5. A dry Stove, forty feet long, in two compart-

ments, filled with succulent plants.” This is a house,

situated a little to the south of No. 4, and which was sepa-

rated from it by a gravel walk; but the two compartments

have been since thrown into one: the building has been

besides doubled and converted into a span-house, heated by

hot-water, and joined to the South end of No. 4, opening into

it by a glass door. It is now occupied by an invaluable col-

lection of Cactuses and other stove succulents. Among

them are many species of Cactus, for the possession of which

we are indebted to the liberality of Mr. Parkinson, late

Consul-General to the Republic of Mexico, and, through the

same friend, to the obliging kindness of Mr. Staines of San

Luis Potosi. The “ Monster Cactus,’ + with which the

* See Hooker’s London Journ. of Bot. v. 2, p. 147, &c., for a full account

of these two species. They are trees of great beauty, attaining a

size (Capt. Fitzroy measured the trunk of one of them, which was seven feet

in diameter): they have been found already to bear our winters.

t+ Since writing the above, and just before going to press, the appearance

of this hothouse has been materially altered by the arrival of five large boxes

of Cactuses from Mexico, sent by the same public-spirited individual whose

name is mentioned before, Frederick Staines, Esq. To make room for

them, several of the taller kinds of Cereus had to be removed elsewhere (to

16

illustrated London News has made England generally ac-

quainted, is situated near the centre of the house: it is the

gift of the latter gentleman, and sure we are that no collection

in Europe possesses a more remarkable specimen of this

extraordinary and grotesque family. The low platform on °

the west end, is chiefly occupied by the Nopal or Opuntia-

tribe of Cactus, upon some or other of which, especially the

Opuntia cochinilifer, the Cochineal Insect is extensively

reared in Mexico; the opposite side presents the different spe-

cies of Cereus, &c.; while, on the broad shelf in front, stands

an immense variety of Melocactus and Echinocactus. Against

the front of this Letne in the open air, grow some fine

plants, attracting general attention, of the Black Tea (Thea

Bohea), the Green Tea (Thea viridis), and the Sasanqua

Tea (Camellia Sasanqua): the latter bemg cultivated in

China solely for the sake of its flowers, which are said to

impart a peculiar fragrance and flavor, when mingled with

the foliage which affords the other kinds of Tea.

Nearly opposite to the east end of this house is

“No. 6. A Greenhouse, sixty feet long, chiefly occupied

by fine specimens of Cape of Good Hope and New Holland

plants ; among which are some noble Banfsias.” Of all the

the Conservatory), that the space might be occupied with others of that

family, before whose magnitude even our hitherto Monster Cactus has

shrunk into comparative obscurity. The latter will not, however, escape

notice, and may be recognized by the name and inscription it bears,

by Echinocactus Stainesit,” from San Luis, Potosi, presented by F. Staines,

Esq.; weight 235 Ibs.” There may now be seen two other individuals of

the same Species; one nearly the same size, with peculiarly red spines; the

other bearing pale spines, but considerably taller than any of those just

mentioned,

The Monster, however, of the collection, though quite a different species,

and we may assert without disparagement to other Cactus collections, the

most astonishing plant of that tribe which has ever been sent from the New

World, is that to which the name is attached, “ Echinocactus Viznaga,

weight 713 Ibs.” It would occupy too much space here, to detail the many

difficulties and obstacles which attended the uprooting of this gigantic plant,

and transporting it in a waggon, drawn by eight oxen, for a distance of

three hundred leagues, over mountains, and along the worst possible roads,

ere it reached the coast, whence it was shipped for Britain. The omission

of this narrative, 1s the less to be regretted, since it is fully given in the

Gardeners’ Chronicle of March Ist, 1845. Suffice it to say, that this

Echinocactus is a perfectly distinct species, and that Viznaga is an appel-

lation given to it, and other thorny Cactuses, by the Spaniards, from the use

to which their numerous, strong, starry spines are applied. Viznaga, or

yong is the name for the spiny rays of the umbels of Daucus (or

a _Visnaga, and it means a toothpick ; these Cactuses affording that

useful little article by wholesale, and without any artificial preparation.

17

changes that have yet been made, this edifice presents, per-

haps, the most important. The house was good of its kind

before, save in the mode of heating, and in the shelves or

stands which supported the plants. It has now been doubled,

converted into a span-house thirty-two feet broad; while,

extending North from this addition, a new wing is attached,

sixty feet long, and forming a span twenty-two feet in

breadth. The whole interior is neatly fitted up, with stone

shelving, and hot-water pipes, while copious concealed tanks

(as in our other new and improved houses) are added for the

purpose of catching and preserving a large body of rain_

water ; and it is glazed with sheet glass. This extensive, but

simple structure, is filled with a perfectly unique collection

of Banksias and other Proteaceous productions of Australia.

Coming, as many of these plants do, from the Southern

Hemisphere, they preserve their natural habits, and a large

proportion of them, especially the Banksias, may be seen,

bearing their curious flowers in the winter, and the Legu-

minose during our early spring months, when the fragrant

Acacias are in the highest perfection. It is now 1n contem-

plation, during the coming summer (1845), to add another

wing to this house, on the South side, cérresponding with

that on the North; the whole building then will be in the

form of a cross, one hundred and fifty-two feet long.

“No. 7. A Double Propagating Pit, or Hospital, thirty-

five feet long, with cuttings under bell-glasses and sick plants

in one division; Ferns, Orchidaceous plants, and some other

valuable specimens, in the other.” To reach this house from

the one just described, the visitor must follow the path from

the eastern door of the last house (n. 6), and proceed to the

South, passing compartments of herbaceous plants, on the

right, among lawn, and the famous Chili Pine (Araucaria

imbricata), which was brought to England in the year 1792,

by Mr. Menzies, the surgeon of Capt. Vancouver’s voyage,

comes into view. It is, perhaps, not generally known that the

seeds of this Pine are. eaten in Chili, as those of the Stone

Pine are in Italy, or as Almonds are with us. The Com-

mander of the voyage and some of his officers were dining at

the table of the Governor of Chili, and a dish of these kernels

was served for dessert, when the surgeon of the expedition,

Mr. Menzies, requested permission to plant, instead of eating,

his portion, which was accordingly done, and five of the seeds

having germinated on board ship, were presented to the Royal

Gardens of Kew on the return of the expedition. The Chil

F

~~

18

Pine in question is the finest of these, and has already pro-

duced its remarkably large, almost globose, yet infertile cones.

Though the tree is in perfect health, it does not, however,

assume with us that striking pyramidal form which distin-

guishes it on the mountains of Chili; but a cutting, taken

from it, and planted at Dropmore, the seat of the late Lord

Granville, is now become a handsomer specimen than its

parent, and grows in the natural manner so peculiar to it.

Near the Araucaria, on the West, is a splendid specimen of

the Weeping Birch of Scotland; while, closer to the walk,

in concentric circles, with brick edging round the beds, is the

Grass collection, and a noble Hop-Hornbeam Tree (Ostrya

vulgaris). Turning to the left, in a recess which includes the

British Garden, we arrive at the house under consideration,

having a low span roof. In external form it is unaltered ;

but, inside, the division which made it a double house is re-

moved, the whole fitted up with slate shelying, tanks, and

hot water pipes, and it contains the chief part of the tropical

Orchideous collection, intermixed, however, with many rare

ferns ; among these the Acrostichum (Platycerium) grande,

from Australia, the gift of Mr. Bidwill, particularly claims

attention ;* and né6 less two other plants, kept under glasses,

the “ King-plant? of Ceylon, Anectochilus setaceus (see

Bot. Mag. t. 4123), which has rich velvety leaves, covered,

as it were, with a net-work of golden lace, and the equally

rare Pitcher-Plant of New Holland, Cephalotus follicularis

(Bot. Mag. t. 3118 and 3119), with its curious pitchers, as

the name implies, each terminated by a lid. This, as may at

once be seen, is a very distinct thing from the more common

Pitcher Plant of Ceylon (Nepenthes distillatoria), and it be-

longs to a widely different family.

“No. 8. A Greenhouse, thirty feet long, in which are

small Cape of Good Hope and New Holland plants.” This

1S a small, neat building, near, but not next to, No. 7,

attached to a dwelling occupied by one of the gardeners, in

very good condition, and not easily capable of improvement.

At this time it is filled with Mesembryanthemums and other

South African succulent productions, requiring a greenhouse

temperature.

* There is an excellent representation of this grotesque and rare Fern

published in the second volume (p. 181) of the ‘‘ Voyage of the United

States’ Exploring Expedition,” as it may be seen growing on the branch of

a tree in the d f . sie sae SAGAN:

New South won: of our friend, Alexander M‘Leay, Esq., at Sydney,

19

Returning from this house, and continuing in the path

some way to the West, leaving the Hop Hornbeam on one

side and a noble Sophora Joponica on the other, you turn

into the main walk of the herbaceous ground, and come to

- _ “No. 9. A Botany-Bay House, one hundred and ten feet

long, crowded with magnificent specimens of New Holland

and other plants, especially the former.” This edifice also

remains in statu quo, and contains at this time a very mixed

collection; mainly, however, from South Africa and Australia,

and many of them very grand specimens, particularly those

from New Zealand, many having been presented to us by the

Rey. William Colenso, of the Church Missionary Society in

that island. The oldest and largest individuals, however, are

the gift of Capt. Sir W. Symonds, Surveyor General of the

Navy. Among them may be seen the New Zealand Pine

(Dammara australis), of which the long, straight trunks are

so valuable for spars of ships; the graceful Dacrydium cupres-

sinum ; the peculiar-looking Phyllocladus trichomanoides, and

other forest-trees of that singular group of Islands. There is

a striking character in the hue of the New Zealand trees,

which must give a sombre aspect to the forest when chiefly

composed of them. : be 2

This building is very much out of place in its present

position, and will be taken down as soon as a more suitable

range for greenhouse accommodation shall have been else-

where erected.

“No. 10, An old Stove, reputed to be the first house

built in the gardens, one hundred and ten feet long, in three

divisions ; one containing noble specimens of succulent and

other plants; the second, a stately Zamia pungens, Palms,

&c.; and the third, a miscellaneous set of greenhouse plants,

together with a few forced flowers for nosegays.” This was

indeed the first, or among the first houses erected by Sir

William Chambers, and is that alluded to at p. 4 supra, where,

however, its length is given by Sir William Chambers at one

hundred and fourteen feet. Its antiquity is indicated by the

large, massy, wooden beams, which, if the edifice were allow-

ed to remain, would yet outlive many of the more modern

- wooden structures. The walls, however, have, in part, given

way. It stands condemned, and will be pulled down, as soon

as we are provided with the needful accommodation for its

fine inmates. The contents are still nearly of the same kind

as described by Dr. Lindley, and have suffered exceedingly

20

for want of more space, and a more wholesome atmosphere in

the winter.

The ‘above ten houses are all that are catalogued in Dr.

Lindley’s Report. He alludes to the brick pits attached to

many of them “on the outside,” and to “a damp pit for

raising seedlings ;’” the former are, generally speaking, remov-

ed, as alterations take place in the houses; for they are very

unsightly, and the glass suffers much from the fall of snow

and ice from the roofs above during the winter; and the latter

ne" % changed, that we shall, in continuing the catalogue,

it )

No. 13... This “ Damp Pit” was a deep frame or brick pit,

forty feet long, with a single row of lights, facing the South,

situated immediately in front of the dry stove, No. 5, and is

now raised and doubled, by a span roof, and fitted up with

tables and shelves, and iron pipes, and iron tanks, and is one

of the completest and most useful moist stoves in the esta-

blishment. In it a great number of our rarest tropical plants

are kept, till such time as they are fit for the larger stoves.

Here are, at this period, some fine young Bread-fruit Trees ;

the hitherto almost unknown (to Naturalists) Teak of Africa,

often called African Oak; the almost as little known Na-

poleonea imperialis; a large - flowered new Gardenia (G.

Stanleyana, Hook.), and other treasures of Western Africa,

brought over by Mr. Whitfield, and presented by the Earl of

Derby ; the curious Lace-Bark Tree, and the equally singu-

lar aquatic (Pistia Stratiotes); the splendid Clerodendron

specrosissimum, &e., ke.

Another moist stove we shall designate as

No. 14. It is situated in the recess of the garden, above

mentioned, near the British Garden, and between the houses,

. Nos..7 and. 8, and is a low building fifty feet long, with a

double span roof, divided transversely into two compartments,

heated by iron pipes and tanks, and designed for a Propagat-

ing House and Hospital for tropical plants, to which it is

admirably adapted. Many or most of the new importations

are lodged for a while here, seeds are raised, and cuttings

struck. The crowded state of the Orchideous house (No. 7)

requires that several of the Orchideous plants should be re-

moved into this one; but it is only a temporary measure. As

the contents are not, in general, stationary, it is hardly need-

ful to speak of them; but I may observe that, at the present

period, it contains many interesting Orchideous and other

21

plants, lately received from our Collector, Mr. Purdie, from

Jamaica and Santa Martha; some fine young T7’ree Ferns,

also from Jamaica, the kind gift of Mr. Wilson and many

cther rare and interesting plants, but which are soon to be

removed to other stoves.

The houses now described, are all that are contained in

what was considered the Botanic Garden proper, at the period

of my being placed in charge of the establishment: but in

the adjoining palace grounds, two of the finest houses had

long been occupied with plants under the care of the Director,

and they are now included within the boundary. I allude to

the “ Orangery” and the “ Conservatory ;’ unquestionably,

two of the finest plant-houses at present existing at Kew.

The first of these, we shall call |

No. 11. The “Orangery.” To arrive at this from the old

stove, n. 10, above described, we proceed from the western

end, past a stone tank, the Aquarium, for hardy water plants ;

and taking the right hand turn, the handsome structure in

question comes into view. This is already briefly alluded to,

supra p. 5. It was erected by Sir William Chambers, in

1761, and is one hundred and oie a feet long, thirty

feet wide, and twenty-five feet high. In the back shed,

are two furnaces to heat flues, laid under the pavement.

It was, until 1841 filled chiefly with Orange Trees, which

_ were then (with the exception of a few reserved as speci-

mens) removed to Kensington Palace, and their places sup-

plied by trees and shrubs, which were becoming too large

for the other greenhouses. Amongst them, may be seen an

invaluable collection of the more tender Conifere; the

superb Araucarias—excelsa, Cuninghami, Brasiliensis ; Pinus

longifolia, &e., &e., &c.; noble specimens of Camellias,

Rhododendron arboreum, and a great number of New Holland

trees and shrubs. Well as this house may have served for

an Orangery, there is not light enough for greenhouse plants

generally, notwithstanding that two large windows have been

lately constructed (one at each end), at the suggestion of Mr.

Aiton, and three windows or ventilators at the back. To

render this house efficient, it should be doubled, and covered

by a double span glass roof. : ‘

Proceeding from the East end of this structure, and in-

clining to the North, wecameto —« :

No. 12. The “Conservatory,” as it is usually designated ;

spoken of in Dr. Lindley’s Report as the “ Architectural

reenhouse, in the*pleasure ground, adjoining the Arboretum,

| G

22

eighty-two feet long, forty-two feet wide, and twenty-eight

feet high.” This handsome edifice was removed hither from

Buckingham Palace by His Majesty William the Fourth, in

the year 1836, and is heated by innumerable coils of small

pipes fixed by Mr. Perkins. For some years, it was occupied

by greenhouse, and chiefly fine specimens of New Holland,

plants; but, as the removal of the Orange Trees from the

Orangery gave us more greenhouse accommodation, this build-

ing was converted into a stove, and it is now filled with an

_ extensive collection of Palms, and other large Monocotyle-

donous plants, especially Bromeliacee, Aroidee, Agaves, the

Sugar Cane, the Papyrus, tall plants of Dragon’s Blood

(Dracena Draco), and a great variety of Dicotyledons in-

habiting tropical countries: noble Euphorbias, some large

Cactee, Zamias and other Cycadee, &c., &e. On the more

particular contents of this house it is needless to dwell, as the

pute number will be shortly removed to more suitable

ouses.

It will thus be seen that the existing number of plant-houses

is fourteen, exclusive of pits and frames. We have much to

say yet on the garden ground generally, but the writer can-

not but feel, that with the many changes which are at this

moment (June, 1845) in progress,—the formation of a new

entrance and new grand walk (the Victoria Walk, accom-

panied. by a flower-garden) at the head of Kew Green, and

-of a great Palm-stove, and of a more extended sheet of water

than the garden yet possesses,—the description of this ground

and of these improvements will be better undertaken when

the works are more advanced, and when we trust to be able.

to lay a plan of the entire grounds, and a correct view of the

great Palm-stove before the public.

In the mean time, we aré not without matter of interest for.

the subscribers to the « Companion to the Botanical Maga-

ane.’ Our excellent friend and neighbour, Frederick

Scheer, Esq., a former historian of Kew Gardens,* has kindly

_ Sent us a translation of the account published by Dr. von

Fischer of the Imperial Botanic Garden of St. Petersburg,

hitherto, we believe, the most extensive and one of the best

conducted of any in Europe. This we shall hasten to lay

before our readers. 60 ait

__* “* Kew and its Gardens: by Frederick Scheer, Esq., 1840; in which

Mr. Scheer has Shown himself to be a warm friend to the Gardens, and in-

tmately Acquainted with them and the adjoining village: i1Gie

23

A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE IMPERIAL BOTANIC GARDEN

AT ST. PETERSBURG. f

. By THE Director, Dr. von FISCHER.

(With a Plan. Tas. 1.)

The Imperial Botanic Garden is one of the many striking

features of St. Petersburg, well worthy the attention of the

visitors of the northern Metropolis. lake everything to be

seen there, it is on a gigantic scale, the lines of houses ex-

tending to a length of nearly three-quarters of an English

mile. The translator of the following account, furnished by

Dr. Fischer to the Horticultural Journal at Berlin, has had

recently the advantage of seeing this garden, and can bear

testimony to the extraordinary beauty of the establishment

and the perfection to which botanical cultivation has been

carried under the direction of that able gentleman, whom he

is proud to call his friend, and who is, in fact, the friend of

every liberal man in Europe connected with botanical pur-

suits. It may not be amiss to remark, that though the severe

winters of St. Petersburg are the cause of many difficulties,

yet these find, in a great measure, compensation, in the im-

Mense quantity of solar light and warmth, which the plants

enjoy during the prolonged days of the short summers, accel-

erating the growth and maturity of vegetation im a surprising

degree. A large sum of money has been lately granted (as

much as £20,000) by his Majesty the Emperor, to improve

and further extend this princely establishment.—F’. S.

The Impertat Boranic Garpen is an important testimony

of Peter the .Great’s creative genius. His comprehensive

mind fostered not only those sciences to which he inclined

most, but attended to whatever was useful. By an Imperial

Ukase, dated the 11th February, 1714, he ordered the garden

to be established on one of the islands, formed by the Delta

of the Neva. It was, like most early Botanic Gardens,

originally intended to serve for the culture of medicinal

plants. On that account, and also because the government

dep6t of drugs was situated in its immediate neighbourhood,

it obtained the name of the ‘“ Apothecary’s Garden,” as the

island, on which both establishments were situated, retains to

24

this day the name “ Apothecary’s Island.” How long the

garden was exclusively limited to the growth of medical

plants, is not, known ; all early records having been lost. in

a fire, on the 5th June 1837, which consumed the govern-

ment drug establishments, and the archives of the medical

department... It. would appear, however, from an inventory of

the gardens, dated in 1743, that, in that year, there were

already two divisions, one being devoted to medical, the other

to. botanical purposes. Documents of later dates, do not

enable us to trace a clear history of the garden down to the

year 1823, when it was entirely remodelled. Large sums of

money had certainly been granted for its maintenance and

improvement, but it had not reached the perfection of other

distinguished botanical establishments, though the few old

are and fine plants remaining in 1823 proved, that, if not

rich in species, it yet contained much that. was remarkable.

It is probable, that part of the plants collected by Pallas

found their way thither, although the majority fell. to the

share of the Academy of Sciences, which had its own Botanic

Garden, subsequently ceded to the military school of Paul,

near the Obuchow Bridge. It is probable that during the.

_ irection of Professor Stephan, our. garden was very rich in

Siberian. plants. , |

dn the mean time, experience proved that medicinal plants

gtown in latitude 60° North, in a richly manured soil, lost all

medical properties; this species of culture was, therefore,

tadually abandoned, government having recourse to its

arge Medicinal Garden at Lubry, in the Ukraine, altogether.

better suited for such urposes, 5 ts a

In 1822, Count Alexis Rasumowsky, the founder and

owner of a large Botanic Garden, at Gorenka, near Moscow,

died. Count. Victor Kotshubey, Minister of the Interior,

wishing to retain the treasures of that. collection (now likely.

to he dispersed), in Russia, conceived the plan of bringing 4

the plants to the Apothecary’s Garden at Bt. Petersburg, and

of re-organizing that establishment, altogether. His Imperial

Majesty the Emperor approved of the proposals of the Count,

nd Dr. Fischer was accordingly instructed to draw up plans

for Je-modelling the garden and for the construction of

additional houses, and to proceed to Moscow, with a view of

purchasing the plants which had been under his management

Since 1804; that purchase, however, was not concluded, the

Tansport, tbrongh Russia to St, Petersburg, whether by land

J8fit tot 310 tdotrerre Tato trRe BG yi4 roberee 2603 oricvt:) tA

b 4

re gee

25

or canal, would be very expensive, as well as injurious to

many plants, and the idea oh ckteving the tenants of that old

and splendid garden to St. Petersburgh was abandoned. In

the interim, one of the old houses had been rebuilt, and

another had been put in order for the expected arrivals. On

_ the 22d March, 1823, Dr. Fischer was appointed Director of

the Imperial Botanic Garden (that was ordered to be its

future name), and the establishment was placed under the

immediate care of the Minister of the Interior ; the foundations

of the new houses, the plans of which had been approved of

by the Emperor, were laid on the 26th June, 1823, and the

erections were carried on so Siok that by the fall of the

year 1824, every thing was ready for the reception of the

plants obtained in the intervening period. The requisite funds

were liberally furnished by the Home Department. At this

time the number of species, including annuals, amounted to

about fifteen hundred. It was necessary to obtain plants

for the new houses and borders; much, existing in St.

Petersburgh, was purchased, and in August, 1823, the gar-

dener, F. Falderman, recommended as head gardener by the

Horticultural Society of London, brought with him a large

collection, partly purchased, partly obtained as gifts from

Kew, Chiswick, Chelsea, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Liverpool.

The same autumn, Her Majesty, the late Empress-mother,

added a valuable collection from her gardens at Pawlowsk;

and thus our houses were soon filled with no less a number

than twenty-four thousand plants. It is delightful to record

the eager liberality which supported our endeavours in this

good cause. . : ) :

During the subsequent winter, seeds, amounting, through

the contributions of many kind correspondents, to fourteen

thousand eight hundred and eighty-four sorts, were sown, and

prospered beyond expectation. Plants were, however, still

wanting to fill the most lofty houses. The money originally

eee for the projected Moscow purchase, say 100,000

oubles (about £4,000 sterling) was therefore devoted to the

obtaining of what we had been disappointed in getting from

the Gorenka Gardens. Dr. Fischer proceeded in May, 1824,

on a journey to visit the most celebrated gardens of other

towns, and saw those of Dorpat, Koni berg, Berlin, Hamburg,

Bonn, Dyck, Louvain, Brussels, and Enghien. What had been

bought at Paris, or bestowed by the liberality of the adminis-

trators of the Jardin des Plantes, was sent by way of Havre

to Cronstadt, under the care of a gardener brought out for that

| H

26

purpose. In Great Britain every garden of note was visited,

and Dr, Fischer universally received proofs of good will from

the managers, to whom our new establishment became in-

debted for most valuable additions. The purchases in England

amounted to about 40,000 Rs., or £1,600, and the presents

Teceived ought to be valued at even more than that sum.

Mr. Goldie, well known from his travels in North America,

was entrusted by Dr. Fischer with the care of these treasures

on the voyage from London to St. Petersburgh. In the mean

time, a choice selection had arrived from the Royal Gardens

at Berlin. The total increase of plants thus obtained was

fourteen thousand five hundred and ninety-eight, in eight

hundred and eighty-eight genera, and three thousand two

hundred and thirty species, of which about four hundred

perished on the way. The total number of species in the

garden was at this time about ten thousand.

This splendid collection, brought together at so much ex-

penditure of labor and money, ran, almost immediately, the

risk of being totally destroyed, in a few minutes time, by the

fearful inundation Which visited St. Petersburgh on the 19th

November, 1824. The waters, cooled down to the freezing

point, rose to the height of fifty-two inches in our houses, upset

stands and pots, and flooded and damaged what did not perish -

with cold. The extreme height of the flood fortunately lasted

but a few minutes; the waters subsided as rapidly as they had.

advanced, and, with some inconvenience, we were able to set

foot the same evening into the houses. The flues had not

been much injured, and, after many vain attempts, we suc-

ceeded in lighting the fires. It took fully six weeks to get

the houses properly dried ; and after a ‘iite of months, when

order had been restored, we counted the extent of our loss, and

found it to amount to quite one-fifth of the collection.

Since 1824 we have increased our stock of plants by every

possible means. Collectors have been dispersed, whose labours

sep us Many rare specimens. The expenses were de-

yed by His: Imperial Majesty. Turtschaninow visited

tern Siberia; Szovits the Nasih Se ket of Persia, Armenia,

Carabog, and Circassia ; Hohenacker Circassia, Carabog, and

Talysh ; Niever a part of Kamschatka; Wiedeman Natalia;

Baron Wrangel caused the Russian colonies on the North-

west coast of America to be examined; Tshernich was our

collector in California; Riedel and Lushnath visited the proe

vince of Rio Janeiro, where they had a temporary garden to

grow plants for the return of the Russian vessel from Kam-

cree

Garden Sl

FER

BS

a sy

tC GARDEN

1 Sash: 7 feet English.

N

27

schatka, to carry them home; and, lastly, Schrenk, who, after

a voyage along the shores of the Arctic Sea, made four

excursions during four summers, in company with Mr. Mein-

shausen, in Songery as far as the frontiers of China and

Independent Tartary. For many living plants, the garden is

indebted to Messrs. Gebler, Kyber, Steven, Weinmann, and

others.

The garden continued till 1830 under the Minister for the

Interior ; but, as a proof of special favor, His Majesty caused it

to be transferred in that year to the Ministry of the Palace,

accompanied by a considerable increase of means for its annual

support, obtained from the Emperor through the influence of

the chief of that department, Prince Wolchonsky. Thus the

garden has been gradually advanced towards an equality with

similar establishments elsewhere.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLAN, TAB. L,

which shows the garden to be an irregular quadrangle of

somewhat beyond 20 Russian acres* (dessatines) containing

48,350 square fathoms, each fathom being 7 feet English mea-

sure, On the South and East it closely approaches branches

of the river Neva; on the West is the Apothecary’s Street ;

and on the North, with the northern front of the garden, the

Garden Street. : f

a. is the chief entrance from the Newka, or Little Neva.

b. New houses, described below. :

c. Old houses, used for the growth of the necessary orna-

mental plants; on its northern side a large hall has been added,

containing part of the Herbarium and specimens appertaining

to the Botanical Museum. 9 ,

ix fs Wooden dwelling houses for the official gardeners and

rers.

d* A laree wooden house on stone foundation, the resi-

denies of the Director. A large hall, oocupying te centre of

IS § i Library an of the Museum.

EREtarp, conta ee ee ed menial, The

e. Ground for out-door perenni enni h

ground is enclosed with a quick hedge of Siberian White

Thorn (Crategus sanguinea, Pall.) well suited for northern

latitudes, where the ordinary White Thorn will not live.

Ff. Vacant space intended for the Russian flora.

» #> About 54 English acres.

28

y. Enclosed ground for the growth of such vegetables as

will succeed in the latitude of St. Petersburgh, 60° N.

h. Arboretum for trees and shrubs capable of enduring

our winter.

h* A row of black Poplars (Populus nigra) reported to

have been planted by Peter the Great in person, and of the

same age as the garden itself.

2. Nursery of young trees. |

m. Underground pipes, leading the water of the Neva

into

n. A canal, supplying the necessary water, and dividing

the garden into two nearly equal parts.

n.* Small reservoirs of water.

0. Flower-borders. | |

p. Avenues of trees dating from the first establishment of

the gardens.

The same Plan at b. exhibits the new houses, built in three

parallel ranges, facing S.S.E., and connected at the ends, so

that the whole may be passed in winter without exposure to

the open air. The North range measures 686 feet English,

the other two 672 feet each. These buildings are of brick,

with iron roofs; and to the North side of each a wide gallery

1s attached, partly as protection against the cutting winds,

partly to serve as storehouses, &c. In some of these passages,

plants dormant during winter find shelter. The North range

contains chiefly less tender plants; the middle tropical; and

the southern consists of two warm and three cold houses.

Plants of the same natural families have been placed together

as far as practicable, especially in the greenhouses; but strict

adherence to this system is impossible, because the size, differ-

ence of temperature, and other circumstances require frequent

removals and cause disturbances of such arrangement. In

many cases the plants have been put in the borders to promote

their development and grow them as nearly as possible in

their natural form. |

The main entrance (.) from the Garden Street leads into

the house No. 1, the North front of which is a portico or

peristyle ornamented with appropriate bas reliefs. This en-

trance is only opened on great occasions.—(B.) Ordinary

entrance through the gardens ; the front is not finished. It is

a roomy hall, heated in winter, serving as place of meeting

for gardeners and laborers to agree on their daily arrange-

ments, for the watch and other conveniences. A book is kept

here, in which visitors are requested to enter their names.

29

This vast collection of houses consists of © 9° 9

No. 1. A conservatory 32 ft. high. Plants chiefly in borders.

_ Large species of Heteromorpha arborescens, Fuchsia‘arborea (cor-

tecata ?), Ilex Perado, etc., ave conspicuous. This house, like

~ several others, has’ a flat dark roof, it being apprehended ‘at the

» time of its’ construction, that with a glass roof’ so large a house

could not be kept sufficiently warm.

2. A house, 28 ft. high, intended for the lofty trees indigenous

*’ er acclimatized in the south of Europe, it accommodates, however,

several species from other regions. Thus its centre is occupied

“by a large Laurus Camphora, probably the oldest tenant of the

garden. In the east end of this house Magnolias are planted ;

in the west end a few New Holland Trees. A Parrotia Persica

may be mentioned as one of the more remarkable plants of the

3. Large New Holland house, 30 ft. high. Besides the plants

“its name indicates, others have found shelter in it, more particu-

larly some large’ specimens of Aravcaria Braziliensis, and two

~ very old plants of Rhododendron arboreum, dating from the in-

troduction of the species into Europe. In the eastern’ borders

~ Cape plants of large size, namely Plectronia ventosa, Rhus glauca,

“several Royene, Cunonia Capensis, etc., are growing. There are

double lights, to avoid the necessity of other covermgs.

4. The eastern énd of the north range, 14 ft. high, contains

Proteacee, Casuarinee, wna large Ericacee ; amongst them are

some very large specimens of Banksia, Cunninghamia, Macros-

tachya grandis, end others. | Bie wal

5. ‘This house, coinciding in height with the preceding, con-

tains young and low Conifere, Cape plants, except Proteacer,

Liliaceee, Geraniaces, and Suceulentee. The garden is somewhat

“poor in South African plants, and the Conifere \eave much to

* desire, because with our climate many will not grow in the open

» air, and in pots and tubs they never succeed to perfection.

“' °6. The centre of the middle range, entirely devoted to tropical

vegetation, is formed by this house, 32 ft. high ; ‘everything it

“contains is placed in the borders. Unfortunately the vigorous

‘growth of the plants outstrips the capacity of the house. Caryota

wrens and a Maximiliana touch the ceiling, a Hernandia sonora,

- Coccoloba pubescens; Livistonia Borbonica and others, soon will.

To prevent the loss ofthese’ and many other valuable plants this

~ house must’ be taised?and a glass roof added: Tt was not expected

“that ‘tropical plants’ would grow so Tuxuriantly, and the height of

32 ft. was thought more'than ‘sufficient. Experience has proved

the contrary. 1990S OF DOIG PSL SIG Fivcicuy 6 lg ie

I

30

7. Contains Palms and Monocotyledones requiring much room.!

The house is 30 ft. high. The entire stock of large Palms, Cyca-

dee, and Pandanee is about one hundred species.

8. Also 30 ft. high, with a double glass roof, as have also Nos.

9, 10, and 12, giving thus great warmth with abundance of light.

Here are large Bananas, several Palms, Carolinea, Pterospermum,

Brownlovia, ete.

9. Height 28 ft. The plants are in the borders. In the eastern

part are Succulente and arborescent Liliacee from tropical Africa

and America, planted amongst rocks ; in the other half are specimen

plants of the A/onocotydelones cultivated in the garden. Amongst

these are a large Hlate sylvestris, several specimens of Sadbal um-

braculifera and Blackburniana, old Pandani and Ceret, reaching

to the roof of the house.

10. Twenty-nine feet high. ‘Tropical plants corresponding

with its height. Fine specimens of Gustavia, Genipa, Meliacee,

and Bignoniacee are conspicuous.

11. Twenty-nine feet high. This house forms the east end of

the middle range; it has a hot-water apparatus, and contains in

two borders chiefly Monocotyledones, such as large specimens of

Musa Cavendishii,

12. Height 26 ft. Tropical plants as in No. 10, too high for

the stoves of the south range.

13. The centre of the south range, 28 ft. high. Large Chinese

and Japan plants, as Camellia, Thea, Magnolia, Nandina, etc.,

planted in borders. The glass roof is supported by pillars and

slants towards the north, admitting light from both sides. The

top is double glass. Here is a large Magnolia fuscata, 12 ft. high,

and stem 7 inch. in circumference near the ground.

14. Greenhouse, 18 ft. high, containing plants from the south

of Europe, the Canaries, and Madeira, with Gerania and Pelar-

gonia.

15. Corresponding with the preceding, with hardy plants from

Chili and isothermal countries of America, and such Camellie and

Rhododendra as find no room elsewhere.

16 and 17. Both 14ft. high. Intended for young tropical

plants, No. 17 contains hardly any but Brazilian plants, amongst

which many as yet unnamed. Of those named we may mention

Geonoma Schottiana and pauciflora, Bactris caryotifolia, Theobroma

Cacao, Gonyshia oliviformis, Metternichia principis, Metrodorea,

Raddisia, etc. In all these houses are shelves near the windows

for young plants requiring most light.

Four houses, all 14 ft. high, connect the north with the middle

range on the east side; they are divided by glass partitions into

31

compartments, of which the most northern contain southern fro-

pical Ferns, the next Succulente (Aloe, Agave, Fourcroya, Dasy-

lyrion, and Bromeliacee); the last, which is not divided from

the Banksia-house (No. 4), contains similar plants from tempe-

rate climes, planted among rocks.

The eastern connection between the middle and south range,

12 ft. high, protects herbaceous perennials during winter; in

spring it is used for sowing seeds in pots.

A similar connecting gallery between the middle and southern

range on the west side serves for the protection during winter of

Liliaceae and Oxalidee of temperate climes.

The western connection between the middle and north range,

14 ft. high, and heated by hot water, consists of three houses,

for Orchidaceae, Aroidee, Dorstenie, Begonia, and Scitaminee.

Epiphytal Orchidacee and Bromeliacee are grown on oak blocks

and in cork baskets.

The gardens being as yet without a proper Aquarium, aquatic

plants cultivated here in boxes lined with lead and cement.

At (c) on our plan is a small conservatory for hardy plants of

the same height with the western division of the middle range,

furnished at both ends with glass doors leading to the enclosed

spaces between the houses, and allowing of easy communication

without exposing the plants, removed there in winter, to the cold.

All these houses are only suitable for plants of considerable

height, and it was found necessary to add a line of very low ones

for the culture of young and tender plants requiring much light

and the proximity of glass. This range of low houses has been

built im the southern court (x), and in connection with the eastern

range. ‘They are span-houses numbered, with the light north

and south, and two of them are chiefly used for New Holland

and South American tender plants ; in another is a very consider-

able collection of Cacfee ; and the northern side of it serves, with

the assistance of a steam-apparatus, as a propagating house.—

Finally, there is at No. 18 a small separate house of high temper-

ature, serving partly as a hospital for diseased plants, and partly

as a reception-house for new arrivals.

p and £ are the two courts surrounded by the above-mentioned

buildings. In north court (p), hardy plants are placed during

summer between live hedges, and a good many herbaceous Plants

and Cerealia are grown here. The southern court (divided by the

~ line of low houses) contains frames and warm boxes, mould-

heaps, and other needful accessories; along the whole of the

southern range the plants contained in the same, likely to bear

the open air in summer, are put out during the warm season.

32

Means for acquiring a thorough knowledge of the plants intro-

duced or cultivated have been abundantly provided. Besides the

Herbarium and Library there are considerable collections of

woods and fruits. Unfortunately, want of room has prevented

the proper arrangement for practical study of many of these

materials.

The collections of Langsdorff, during his travels at the cost of

the Imperial Government and under the auspices of the minister

for foreign affairs, in the Brazils, ceded by the kindness of

Count Nesselrode to the Gardens, constituted the foundation of

the Herbarium. It has since been greatly enlarged by the col-

lectors already mentioned, and also by presents and purchases.

Amongst purchases the Herbarium of Mertesis of Bremen ranks

foremost, rich both in genera and species, forming in fact the

basis of our collection ; and it is admitted to be classic and of high

authority as regards the flora of Germany and the Age. Other

collections from Schrader at Gottingen, Schumacher of Copen-

hagen (rich in plants of Vahl), Eschholz (who collected on the

voyage of circumnavigation in the Rurick), Poiteau (Guyana),

Stephan (Siberian plants), Wunderlich (Southern Volga), Riedel

(the flora of most parts of Brazils, which he visited before joining

Langsdorff), and others, have been obtained, as well as presents

from Bode, Lady Crichton, Gebler, Hartweg, Sir William Hooker,

Jenish, Kapherr, Koch, Kyber, Peters, Rieder, Siniavin and Ste-

ven, and further additions were made by parties who travelled on

behalf of the Garden, already enumerated, to which however,

Kolenati and Karwinski must be added.

Before 1833 the Garden had neither collections nor library.

The latter was begun by the purchase, ordered to be made by

His Majesty the Emperor, of the library of the late Councillor of

State, Stephan, in 1824, and soon afterwards the botanical por-

tion of the library of Count Alexis Rasumowsky, rich in presen-

tation copies (eremplaires de luve) was added. Since that time

an annual grant of 6000 roubles, or about 260/. sterling has been

devoted to purchases, besides which many splendid additions

have been made by his Imperial Majesty. The library is con-

fined to botanical and other works of natural science, academical

transactions and periodicals, and voyages and travels connected

with Botany. The number of volumes is now 6000. There is

also a large number of coloured drawings of old and new plants

that have flowered in the Garden, drawn by the ingenious artists

Matthes, Stoll, and Satory. A portion of these drawings will

now be published. 3

Since 1835, a catalogue of seeds, matured in the garden, with

33

notices appended of remarkable plants enumerated in it, has an-

nually been printed and sent to all correspondents ; and we may

hope that with our abundant means, due diligence on our part

and continued liberality on that of our friends, this Institution

will not fail to be worthy of the Russian Empire, where science

in all its branches is so much cherished and means for its pro-

motion always readily granted.

* ze * * *

The preceding account of the Botanic Gardens at Petersburg,

and our enquiries into the origin and progress of our own, natu-

rally suggest the wish of knowing something of other similar

establishments, and we should be glad to receive communica-

tions of this kind from the gentlemen under whose care they may

be at present. We can hardly expect that accotints consuming

much time and labour should be furnished, and our purpose

would in fact be best served by enabling us to publish, in a short.

form, brief sketches of the principal botanical gardens in and out

of Europe ; a kind of synopsis of the history of botanical Horti-

culture. The details we should like to have furnished might

perhaps be— :

Date of first establishment.

Extent of ground.

Number and kind of houses.

Annual expenditure, and source from whence de-

rived.

5. Names of eminent men connected at any time with

the establishment.

6. Remarkable plants first cultivated, introduced,

named, or now particularly conspicuous.

and any other notice of striking importance.

Such information we hope will be readily furnished, and we

would have pleasure in publishing it. It would mutually be a

labour of love, and in the permanency which we flatter ourselves

to give to it in our pages, it would have its own reward. We

also hope, that other publications, both here and abroad, will

give currency to our wish and promote its accomplishment. — It

is satisfactory to state, that gentlemen connected with embassies

and consulates are everywhere willing to forward papers concern-

ing such matters, free of expense, which, as in days of yore, so

even now, fair Science can ill afford to defray.

4

- - noe

34

NOTICE RESPECTING THE PRESENT STATE OF BOTANY AND

BOTANIC GARDENS IN PORTUGAL.

‘Un a Letter to Sir William Hooker, from Dr. Scouter, Professor of Natural

History in the Royal Dublin Institution.)

We consider that, even after the labours of Brotero, the com-

plaint of Linnzeus may still be repeated respecting the botanic

riches of this kingdom, contrasted with our very imperfect infor-

mation respecting it. The history of Botanic Science in Portugal

is, unfortunately, a very brief one; especially as the country has

produced only two botanists of European reputation. The earliest

Portuguese work, in any way relating to the vegetable kingdom,

is by Garsia de Horto, a Professor of Medicine in the University

of Coimbra. He resigned his Chair in 1534, visited India and

‘China, and published at Goa his work on the Species of the East,

a work whose merit caused it to be translated into most of the

European languages. Thomé Oynes, an apothecary at Leyria,

also wrote on the same subject, about the beginning of the six-

teenth century ; and another and still more valuable work appeared

about this time from the pens of Pero Magalhies de Gondavo,

the friend of the poet Caméens, on the history of the Provinces

of Brazil, then called Santa Cruz. This rare but most judicious

book, contains notices of many of the most valuable vegetable

productions of Brazil, and discusses the capabilities of that fine

region, and the vast resources it would yet open to Portugal, in

a spirit of sound and enlightened judgment far in advance of his

age or countrymen.

The earliest catalogue of Portuguese plants was by Gabriel

Gaillez, who wrote about 1670, and dedicated it to the celebrated

Duke of Schornhurg, who afterwards fell in Ireland. It resem-

bles Threlkeld’s on the plants of Ireland, compiled a few years

later ; only it is very inferior even to that very meagre book.

Gaillez’ work is merely a list of names, and often the same species

is indicated several times. To use the expression of Linneus “ it

would require another (Edipus to divine the plants indicated by

et A second edition of this work was edited by Vandelli

m 1780. .

We possess nothing else from the pen of a Portuguese Botanist

until the energetic administration of Pombal, which seems to have

35

infused a portion of its life into every kind of pursuit. Both Bro-

tero and Correa de Serra were educated during this period, and may

truly be pronounced the first and as yet the only eminent. bota-

nists which Portugal has produced. Concerning Brotero we need

not say anything at present; but we may remark that, at least

in our opinion, Correa de Serra ranks higher as a philosopher.

His residences at London, Paris, and Washington have rendered

his name familiar to the naturalists of Europe and America. Be-

sides his botanical papers, with which the scientific public is

acquainted, he is known to his countrymen for other valuable

labours. He was an active coadjutor to the Duke of La Foez,

in founding the Academy of Sciences, and also published many

works on the literature of Portugal, and illustrating its history.

Although an 444é and Ecclesiastic, yet such was the spirit of the

times, that he was obliged to reside chiefly im foreign countries.

It were easy to add to the list of Portuguese botanists the

names of Loureiro, Padre Leander, Vellozo, and even others less

known, but such statements would be of small interest to the

public. It is perhaps more necessary but less agreable to’mention, —

that while the eminent men of the last generation have passed

away they have left no successors, and probably, at the present

day, Portugal is as destitute of original talent in natural history

as she was before the reform of her literary institutions, about

the middle of the last century. The devastations of the French,

followed up by so many political changes and civil wars, may in

part account for this; but we suspect the cause lies deeper, and

depends on the slender emoluments and very small number of

situations open to scientific men. Another circumstance is the

want of a reading public, or of anything like a general taste for

natural history ; thus rendering the task of scientific authorship

a ruinous undertaking: and as the educated classes understand

French, the necessity for native books is not felt. Connected

with and depending upon this, it is a curious fact that while many

individuals may be found, who have a theoretical knowledge of

natural history, derived from books, a practical acquaintance with

it is very rare. Few are at the pains to herborize or to study

the structure and productions of the earth, by excursions to

the mountains.

With respect to the present state of Botany we may also men-

tion the following circumstances. There are, or rather we may

say were, two Botanic Gardens in Portugal; one at Ajuda near

Lisbon, and the other at Coimbra. The situation of the garden

of Coimbra is highly beautiful, and indeed it would be difficult

to find any but delightful places on the Mondego. The ground

: - :

36

is laid out in the French taste, and the quantity of glass which

they possess is very small. This garden was commenced by

Brotero, while Professor at Coimbra, when it appears to have been

in a flourishing state, and it contimued a respectable establish-

ment under Brotero’s successor Dr. Neves ; but since 1834 it has

obviously been quite neglected. At present, even including weeds

and the lichens and mosses growing on the trees and stones, we

do not think it contains a thousand species.

The Royal Garden, Menagerie, and Museum of Ajuda, were

placed under the superintendance of Brotero, when he was re-

moved from Coimbra. ‘There is now no menagerie, and the gar-

den is also in a neglected condition, although not to the degree

of that of Coimbra. Under the care of Brotero it was said to

possess 4000 species ; now they cannot exceed 1200. The glass

is of no great extent; a matter of, however, less importance in

Portugal than England. The Aquarium is very large and well

adapted for aquatic productions. Many of the plants have their

names attached, which was done by Dr. Welwitsch when he had

charge of the garden.

On the other hand, indications are not wanting of some pro-

gress in the right direction, as exhibited in a taste for horticul-

ture. Horticultural societies are about to be formed, both in

Lisbon and Oporto, and there are some individuals who cultivate

different tribes, such as Cactee, &c. Indeed there is not a coun-

try in Europe more admirably adapted for the lover of flowers ;

for here many of the choicest productions of Africa and Brazil

may be raised in the open air. The Date-palm, Dragon-tree,

Bananas, and Cacti stand the winters of Portugal, and thus may

afford.some idea of the multitude of useful and ornamental plants

which might be introduced into this fine country.

But the re-establishment, which will afford most hope to the

botanist, is the Garden at Lumiar, the property of the Marquis

of Fayal (son of the Duke of Palmella), and situated about five

miles from Lisbon. Lumiar has been recently purchased by the

Marquis and is still under process of repair, but bids fair to pos-

sess the richest collection of plants, whether native or introduced

to Portugal. Even at present a visit to the grounds is highly

interesting, and especially as there are some fine old plants from

tropical regions, which are completely naturalized. The mixture

of Clerodendron fragrans, Polygala myrtifolia, Bamboos, Bananas,

the Goa Cypress, Dracenas of gigantic size, Araucaria Brazilt-

ensis (twenty feet high), Cereus Peruvianus (twenty-five feet high,

one and a half foot in circumference), with the trees and shrubs

of the north and south of Europe, afford to him, who has visited

37

India and Brazil, a strange and grotesque association, filled with

many recollections to the travelling botanist. The utility of such

undertakings is much greater in Portugal than with us, for there

public spirit and good example are more needed, and we trust

the Marquis of Fayal will fill in his country the post of the Dukes

of Bedford and Devonshire among ourselves.

This establishment is also fortunate in being under the care of

Dr. Welwitsch, the only person we met with in Portugal who is

equally familiar with the theory and the practice of Botany, and

as well acquainted with A/ye and Mosses as he is with flower-

ing plants. Dr. Welwitsch is also minutely versed in the Portu-

guese Flora, and an inspection of his herbarium shows how rich

that is, and how many species remain to be added to the work of

Brotero. Even in the class of Ferns we were indebted to Dr. °

Welwitsch for the Cheilanthes pteroides and Pteres palustris,

which are not in Brotero’s list*. It is to be desired that Dr.

Welwitsch should furnish us with a new “ Flora. Lusitanica,”’ for

which he is so well qualified by his knowledge of the country, his

literary acquirements, and knowledge of the science.

NOTICE OF THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF DR. FELIX AVELLAR

BROTERO, PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF

COIMBRA, AND AUTHOR OF THE ‘FLORA LUSITANICA,’

(Communicated by Dx. Scoutzr, Professor of Natural History in the Royal

Dublin Institution.)

The Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Coimbra, although

it has not existed for more than sixty-three years, has been infe-

rior to no literary institution, with respect to the eminence of its

Professors and the reputation of its students.

There is much to admire in the zeal with which the different

branches of philosophy have been cultivated among us since the

reform of 1772 was carried out by Drs. Vandelli and Dalla Bella.

Emulation arose on the part both of teachers and pupils, which

was attended by a corresponding progress of knowledge. 'The

Government rewarded those who distinguished themselves and

* In the north of Portugal we found, in one day, the following plants unno-

ticed by Brotero ; Saxjfraga wmbrosa and leucanthemifolia (La Perouse), Potentilla

mivea, and the Davallia Canariensis, supposed to be peculiar to Cintra, grows

abundantly at Oporto and even further north, at Braga.

38

afforded them liberal allowances that they might visit the most

enlightened nations of Europe*. ik

The character of the Faculty of Philosophy was well sustained

in the literary world, it maintained an active intercourse with the

most eminent foreign academies, so that the Portuguese name,

formerly so distinguished for bold nautical enterprises and pro-

found geographical science, (at a time when all Europe, except

Italy, was plunged into barbarism), again arose to notice, after so

many years of disgraceful indolence.

, Among the emment Professors may be named Dr. Joao An-

tonio Monteiro, whose profound knowledge of Mineralogy obtained

for him the, praise of Haiiy, and Dr. Sobral,.a zealous chemist ;

-but he incurred the dislike of the French, who set his house on

fire and thus destroyed his unpublished manuscripts. Dr. Bar-

jona was another able chemist ; he maintained, in his ‘ Thesis,’

the compound nature of water, several years before its analysis by

Lavoisier. This philosopher was also Professor of Mineralogy and

Zoology, and by his labours the objects in the Museum of the

University were classified and named, and a complete catalogue

of the whole collection was drawn up-

Among the Botanists we may mention Dr. Antonio Jose das

Neves, author of a small work entitled “Circa Stipe, avenacee,

aristam, atque Cinchonam. braziliensem. et. alias. Observationes.”

He was expelled from the Chair of Botany and the care of the

Botanic Garden in 1834, and died. in the following year. He

‘was highly. esteemed by. Brotero, and since his expulsion the Bo-

tame Garden. has fallen into complete neglect}.

* This notice of Brotero is translated and abridged from an account of his life

by Senhor Gusmao,.and published in his ‘ Revista Litterarea’ of Oporto (No. 83,

1843)... The ‘reform alluded to was introduced by the celebrated Marquis of

_ Pombal, and carried into operation under his auspices by the Italian Naturalists

Vandelli and Dalla Bella. The Faculty of Philosophy includes what we under-

stand in England by the term Natural History, when taken in its most extensive

signification, That, the reform was absolutely necessary is proved by the fact

that, down to the reform of Pombal, physical science was nearly unknown in the

University of Coimbra, and the Professors lectured.on substantial forms and ab-

solute accidents. re

_. t In 1836 the University of Coimbra, in a Report presented to the Legislative

Chambers, informs us that “ the Botanic Garden, which had been once flourishing,

has suffered great decay, which impeded the teaching of Botany, and that it was

almost ruined. during the, usurpation. (of Don Miguel).” . The truth is that Dr.

Neves and his able gardener, before their expulsion, delivered over to Dr. Ban-

deira and Marques, all the objects in. the, garden, and. the inventory shows that a

great many plants had. been added,,.. After the dismissal-of Leite, sue nay

“ener, an, inefficient. person was substituted, who brought everything into con-

to discharge the incapable, man and recall. his, predecessor, but this could not

39

Felix Avellar Brotero was born in Lisbon in 1745. We are

ignorant of the history of his early youth, but have reason to be-

lieve that he received an excellent education. The accuracy and

elegance with which he wrote his Latin works, the correct diction

of his Portuguese, added to the copious historical notices with

which he enriched them, prove that he possessed high intellectual

powers, improved by well directed literary training.

Desirous of further instruction he visited France in the year

1778. When he settled in Paris he was thirty-three years of age,

and well qualified, in his literary attainments, to profit by the

advantages afforded in that celebrated school *.

The study of the natural sciences, especially of Botany, occupied »

all his attention, and he socn gave evidence of the progress which

he had made in this department, by publishing at Paris, in 1788,

his “ Compendio de Botanica, ou Nocoes Elementares desta Stien-

cra segundo os melhores Escriptores Modernos, expostos na lengua

Portugueza.” This well written work was the first, and is still the

only elementary botanical one, in the Portuguese language. The

preliminary discourse, on the origin, progress, and present state of

Botany, called forth the approbation of Link, a distinguished Ger-.

man writer, always severe in his remarks on Portuguese affairs.

Besides the above-mentioned work, Brotero, while residing in

Paris, entered upon several other literary undertakings, and among

them a valuable English and Portuguese Dictionary. He was also

the writer of the learned corrections and all the nomenclature of

the Thesauro de Meninos, written in French for Blanchard and

translated into Portuguese and published in Lisbon in 1817+.

be accomplished. Such is Senhor Guzmao’s account of the matter, and either

the Professor or the University is much to blame, for when we visited the Garden

in March last, it was in a miserable condition and barely deserved the name of a

Botanic Garden.

* This is a most unfair statement on the part of the biographer. From this

and the preceding paragraph one would be apt to conclude that Brotero travelled

from choice, or perhaps even at the expense of the Government, while the reverse

is the fact. After the fall of Pombal, a party, hostile to all improvement, came

into power, that viewed men of science with jealousy and dislike, and let loose

the Inquisition upon them. The celebrated mathematician and poet, J. M. de

Nascimiento, fortunately escaping from the individual who was sent to apprehend

him, fled to France, where the two botanists, Brotero and Correa de Serra, were

also obliged to take refuge.

Tt We have again to complain of the unaccountable mystery in which Senhor

Gusmao envelopes the most interesting incidents in the life of Brotero. The

very circumstance of such a man, residing in France, during so important a period

of phen life as that comprehended between thirty-three and forty-five years of

age, and spending his time in compiling dictionaries and such works as the

*Child’s Treasury (Thesauro de Meninos), plainly shows that he supported him-

self by his literary labours during an exile of twelve years. as

L

AO

During his residence abroad he improved his time by travelling,

and explored the greater part of France and Belgium, and on

other occasions he visited the north of Italy and undertook a jour-

ney to England. The period of his residence in Paris was not

exclusively devoted to Botany, though this was his favourite pur-

suit ; but he availed himself of the opportunity to profit by the

instructions of such able teachers as Vicq-d’ Azyr and D’ Aubenton.

After finishing his studies at Paris he took his degree of doctor

of medicine at Rheims.

In the year 1790 Brotero returned to Portugal, whither his

reputation as a botanist had preceded him, and attracted the no-

tice of the queen, Donna Maria the First, so that, after a short

time, he was appointed Professor of Botany and Agriculture to

the University of Coimbra, and Superintendant of the Botanic

Garden. On the 25th of February 1791, the Faculty of Philo-

sophy was incorporated, in the same manner as that of Mathema-

ties had been in the preceeding reign, and Brotero was, of course,

admitted a member of this body. He filled the situation of Pro-

fessor of Botany for twenty years, and in’ the discharge of his

duties was careful, not only to instruct his pupils in theoretical

knowledge, but by frequent excursions in the beautiful district

around Coimbra to infuse into them a taste for practical Botany.

The brief vacation which the statutes of the University allow

to the Professors * was employed by Brotero in botanical excur-

sions to different parts of the kingdom. At that time all Europe,

with the exception of Portugal, had been explored by botanists,

and with the same exception every country had its Flora, and the

deficiency here was the more to be regretted, as the reputation of

our botanical treasures had long excited’ the curiosity of Natu-

ralists, and drew forth from Linnzeus such epithets as the “ terra

Selicissima,” and “ India Huropea.” Portugal, in the meanwhile,

possessed nothing better than the Viridarium Lusitanicum of G.

Grisley,which the great Swedish naturalist characterised most justly

as a miserrimum opus. It is true Tournefort had visited Portugal,

and in his Justitutiones. Rei Herbarie had given notices of some

of its plants, but without figures or descriptions. In 1788, Do-

mingos Vandelli published a Hore Lusitanice et Brasilie

Specimen, leaving all that regards Brazil to be executed by the

eminent botanist Vellozo. .'his, however, was a feeble attempt,

and far below the importance of the subject, and it was reserved for

Brotero to accomplish the wish of Linnaeus’ and to fill this void

im the science, by publishing (in 1804) his’ ‘ Flora Lusitanica.’

* The Professors are occupied in teaching alanis ing hiné months of the year.

Al

The impatience with which Linnzus looked for such a work may

be best expressed in his own words when writing to Vandelli :-—

“ Anne ullus sit in toto Regno pulcherrimo, qui possit, orbe lite-

“rato dare genuinam Floram Regionis? Bone Deus | quam pul-

“ chrum et desideratum opus prestaret illo, qui ejusmodi Floram

‘ sisteret e,:/* ,

The author of the Flora was not one of those men, who, after

giving proof of talents, are content to remain satisfied with the

reputation thus acquired. ‘Twelve years after the publication of

his Flora, Brotero showed farther evidence of his activity, by pre-

senting his ‘ Phytographia Lusitanica’ to the lovers. of Botany.

This is a splendid work, not only from the labour bestowed on

it by the author, but from the high finish of the plates and

beauty of the typography, which render it deserving in every re-

spect of the illustrious person to whom it is dedicated (Dom,

Joao VI.). The dedication and preface merit to be read for their

purity and elegance, and are worthy of the age of Augustus. The

composition of the Phytographia occupied much time, from the

humerous researches requisite to ensure accuracy and value, _ It

consists of two volumes folio, of engravings and descriptions. of

many of the rarer and more interesting plants of Portugal t.

The learned author of the ‘ Phytographia’ also promised. the

public a ‘ Specimina Vegetabilium, which was never published.

It appears, however, that he translated several scientific works

into Portuguese, and also wrote many botanical memoirs, some of

which were transmitted to the Linnean Society... In 1817 he

published a small volume on the Natural History of the Pines,

entitled ‘ Historia. Natural dos Pinheiros e Abetos,’ 1 vol. 8vo;

also the zoological nomenclature of the ‘ Tableau Elementaire of

Cuvier, which had, been translated by the Surgeon Antonio d’Al-

meida. We possess no information respecting his other writings.

* Grisley, alluded to in this paragraph, wrote about the year 1680. His book

is a mere list of names, and the same plant is sometimes mentioned under two

names. It indicates, however, some new and interesting plants, such a8 Ophi-

oglossum Iusitanicum and Drosophyllum Iusitanicum. A second edition, with

the Linnzean names, was published in 1780 by Vandelli; “ Miserrimum opus,

cujus plantas (idipus sit qui intelligat.” Linn. wet. grou

Vellozo was a Franciscan Friar, and a native of Brazil; he died at Rio de Ja-

neiro in 1812, in the 69th year of his age. The composition of his ‘ Flora

Fluminensis occupied him for twenty-five years, and it was published at the ex-

pense of the Brazilian Government in 1827, the editor being Senhor Antonio

d’Arrabida, Bishop of Anemuria, The work consists of eleven yolumes in folio

of engravings and afew pages of text. =

+ The * Phytographia’ is no doubt an excellent work, but the colder tempera-

ment of the north will not express itself so strongly in its praise as the ardent

ree We pee ties

42

“The esteem in which Brotero was: held by foreigners is ho-

nourable to his country ; his works were sought: after and even

solicited through the intervention of Portuguese ambassadors,

and they procured for him an extensive correspondence. In short,

the literary history of Portugal presents few characters of greater

distinction, and) there was hardly any scientific society of which

he.was not a thember, 2 a

» After fulfillme for twenty years the duties of Professor at Coim=

bra; he was removed. to Lisbon, to superintend: the Royal Garden

and: Museum of Ajuda. He died there on the 5th of August 1828,

after acquiring the character of the Portuguese Linnzeus, and ren)

dering his country many services, for which his only recompensé

was the paltry: decoration of the Order of S. Bento d’Avis.*, ) >)

008 “°° ON THE MAKING OF CHINESE PAPER.”

. : (Translated from the 23rd Vol. of the «Pun Tsavw Kang Muh.”)

In antient times, bamboos were connected together, and letters

burnt into'them, to fort’ books : and hence the several characters

employed to denote papers and documents are formed partly with

the letters for’ bamboo.” ‘Tn’ the’time“of the Tsin’ and the

Han ‘dynasties letters were written upon silk Clothe: and hence

the names for silk and cloth are component parts of the character’

used for paper. Th ‘the time of the Emiperor Ho'Te (Av. 100),

Tsae Lun began to take the bark of trees) Old! silk of different

kinds, fishing-nets, and hemp, and boil’ ‘them to rags ‘and make’

paper of them, which was employed througliout ‘the whole of

the empires ~~ beit Jsol gens Iods 0 -eadgAo

Another authority says, the people of Shuh, on the western side

of China, use hemp or linen to make’ paper; the people on the:

east, in Fokeen, use tender bamboos ; the people of the north, the

bark of the mulberry; others use’ the rattan ; some, mosses or’

lichens ; some the straw of wheat or other grains; some the”

ie

* The biographer, although abundar verbose, appears extremely embarrassed

and difficult: to complica di ; of aidaoaan r pd ecnninen the While m™

oii Deets ms — gentleman, that, after the first revo-.

ion, rotero was a member-of the Cortez. If this was, the case, it may explaim-

the neglect comiplained of in the lnct parceva a og Sa Uw tie

Lisbon, is in a wretched condition, although not,nearly so bad as that of Coim-

bra, which we believe is owing to the fact that only a brief period has elapsed

since Dr. Welwitsch resigned the superi of i ; &

iret at? que

43

Coccoon of the silk worm; and others the bark of the choo-tree

(syn. of kuh) the Broussonetia. |

SHA CHE, OR CRAPE PAPER,

This paper is brought from among the mountains of Nanking,

in the province of Tkwang Se. In spring, during the first and

second moons, they take the bark of a tree called kuh muh (Brous-

sonetia papyrifera) and having pounded it, throw it into a stone

reservoir of pure water, where they leave it to steep till it is fit for

use. They then take it out with the sediment, and pouring it into

cow-skin glue boiled with water, they stir all together and taking up

this mixture with a mould of bamboo screen of the size required,

they put it out in the sun to dry, and it becomes ecrape paper.

The Chinese paper, called touch-paper (or paper fuel), is made at

the village called Peih Keang, a few miles from Canton, of the

variety of bamboo called lang.

At the beginning of summer, during the 4th and 5th moons,

the young sprouts of the bamboo are cut off just as the leaves are

beginning to grow, and having been beaten flat, are thrown into

a lime pit to steep for about a month. They are then taken out,

washed clean, and dried in the sun, after which they are pounded

small, passed through a sieve, and laid up. The kernel of the

longan fruit (Dimocarpus Longan) is also used, bemg pounded

small, dried in the sun, and passed like flour through a sieve.

When making the paper, this powder is put into clean water,

stirred about, then taken up with a mould made of bamboo screen,

and the water left to run off. It is afterwards applied to a heated

wall to dry; and the paper is then complete. For coarser or finer

paper a coarser or finer mould is used. nee 2

The.person, who made the drawings, says, the bamboo is cut into

lengths of about three feet, tied up in bundles of seventeen each,

and laid into running water, where it remains six months. It is then

put (in the same bundles) into pits made in the ground, mixed

with quicklime made from the shells of the Venus Sinensis, pressed

down with weights and left for six months longer. ‘The bundles

will have been thus soaked for twelve months; they are then

taken out, cut into short lengths, put into one of the usual

Chinese pounding mills, and beaten down into a pulp, being

stirred occasionally, so as to present a new surface; about four

hours labour will break it down. The pits contain 2000 bundles

of seventeen pieces each, weighing about 24 catty or 32 pounds.

M :

44.

ment of summer, the bamboo shoots are cut off when about six

or seven inches thick, and thrown into a lime pit to steep for

about a month. They are then taken out, washed. clean, and

bleached every day till they are of the purest white; after which

they arerdried in the sun, pounded small and passed through a

very fine sieve, and the finest and whitest part of the powder se-

lected for use. To this is added the best white cotton of Loo

Chow ten times bowed (or bolted), the very light cotton which

is uppermost being used.

Rice water made from the whitest rice being mixed with these

two ingredients, the whole is taken up with a mould made of

bamboo screen of the size required and then applied to the heated

wall to dry. This forms the whitest and finest Kang Yucca

paper.

THE IVORY-PALM NUT (PHyTELEPHAS MACROCARPA.)

A very beautiful vegetable substance, closely resembling ivory,

has for some years ‘been employed in England by turners, and

workers in wood and ivory, for the manufacture of heads of canes,

umbrellas, thimbles, &¢., and toys of various kinds ; and rounded

nuts about the size of a large medlar, with one end turned off to

show the albumen (that portion which so. much resembles ivory),

are sold in shops and bazaars as the fruit which affords this very

singular material. Ruiz and Pavon, and Humboldt, discovered the

plant which produces these nuts in several parts of Peru, and haye

described its botanical characters, the two former correctly,.as..a

Palm (Phytelephas macrocarpa), the latter as.of the family, of the

Screw-Pines (Pandanee). From the banks of the Magdalena in

Columbia, the seeds or nuts have for some time constituted an im-

portant article of commerce into Europe, to be-used as. ivory. The

turner again, employs the chips and shavings for a very useful pur-

Sat for they are sold for making blanc-mange. The rarity of this

Palm, and a desire to possess it in the stoves of the Royal Botanic

Gardens of Kew, induced the Director.to send.a Botanical. Col-

lector, Mr. Purdie; to the Magdalena, forthe. purpose of intro-

ducing the plant alive to Europe. Mr. Purdie has been successful.

The pages of the Supplement to the Botanical Magazine will

shortly contain several particulars of Mr. Purdie’s mission to New

Grenada, At.present we must content. ourselves with giving

extracts from his last letter, giving the account of his visit. to, the

locality of this Palm, or“ Zzgua,” as it is called by the natives,

and we are happy to’ add’ that ‘germinating “seeds and living

plants safely reached the Royal Gardens in October, 1845.—Eb.

A5

21800L f° Ga dya | Ocana; July 1845...

~ Since writing to you last, from Santa Martha, I have travelled

hither, over a scorched, and, but for the palms which it presents,

most uninteresting plain, between five and six hundred miles: in

length. Such a trying journey I never had. ‘Two or threeslight

attacks of fever excepted, I have however been pretty well. » At

the village of Semafia, seventeen leagues from hence and near the

great River Magdalena, I entered the mountains by the: Paroquia

del Carmen, and there saw the “ Zagua,” for the first: time:

Rising gradually between two ranges of mountains, of no gteat

elevation, I reached Ocafa, situated in an undulated amphitheatre

of grassy hills, those in the distance are seen to be covered: with

primitive forests. Some of these hills are 1500 feet higher than

the city, which is itself built at an elevation of 2500 feet, and

contains about 6000 inhabitants. The temperature is most de-

lightful, and I noticed here, for the first time in this part of the

world, small gardens attached to the irregularly placed dwellings.

Apples are cultivated with tolerable success, and on the sur-

rounding hills a sufficiency of wheat is grown to supply the town

with bread, of somewhat inferior quality. The weather was bad

when I first arrived, and prevented my herborizing for a while.

T have found it necessary to purchase mules for my journey: to

Bogota. The hire of each such animal is forty-five dollars, to

go direct, and the purchase money is fifty dollars for a cargo

mule, and from a 100 to 150 for a saddle-mule, :but:as Iwas

already provided with the latter, I saved that. expense; and

though the people are very difficult to deal with, I accomplished

the purchase of the necessary number, at about 200 dollars.

- I spent about fifteen days on the mountains round Ocafia, and

from the peculiarly marshy nature of the soil I found a species of

Befaria, growing over at this elevation ; I have sent plants of it

in the glass case. Two gigantic forest-trees belonging to the

genus Cinchona (Quina rosa and Quina clava) abound in the virgin

woods, and are showy and highly fragrant; but two kinds. of

Siphocampylos are the most striking things I have found, one par-

ticularly fine. You will find growing specimens of them in the

box ; also small individuals of a remarkable Ba/anophora*, often

* This is, i -yery remarkable Balanophorous plant, and different as

the Mt args fg 4 and. perfect aces are een the Ombrophytum

Peruvianum, Poepp. in Nov. Gen, et Sp. Plant. Perav., &c., vol. ii. t. 105, T

have yet satisfied myself that the two plants are the same or very closely allied

species ; differing, if the deseription alone be attentively considered (irrespective

of the figure), only in our: lant being di ; ci us; while Poeppig’s 1s ea:

(Fm we 2

ri: <, eee AE and ated bz eo tuawe! & taxon OF ume west j

Lie obo! sgtoio) a1 enebisi isyt wi ot) Dedsedt yidise «(nid

A6

attaining a foot in height and five or six inches in diameter, and

called Cardon de la Cordillera. Vts colour is of an Indian red,

with the rigid bracteas completely covering and concealing the

flowers, even in their most perfect state; it is common on the

summit of the range in moist places. I also detected another

singular plant, allied to Balanophora, but a perfectly distinct

genus, of which I have only three specimens not yet dry.

A showy species of Salvia was found and a beautiful Begonia,

so much like a Fuchsia, both in habit and inflorescence, that I

at first took it for one, some of the best kinds of which it rivals

in splendour, and has the great advantage of being reported to bear

flower all the year round ; plants, and a few seeds of it are sent,

with two species of Achimenes, new to me ; one of them was in

flower, of dwarf habit with showy white flowers ; you will receive

roots of both. Of Orchidee I have but few, as may be expected

m so open a country as I have passed through. Nos. 1 and 2

are fine and highly fragrant. ee :

_ Having received intelligence of the things I had sent up the

river (to save land-carriage), to the Puerto Maconal de Ocafia, three

days journey from this and on the banks of the Magdalena, I

proceeded, carrying what plants I had collected, in order to secure

growing specimens, seeds &c., of the celebrated Phytelephas, which

I ascertained to abound on the other side of the range facing the

Magdalena. On my road to that place, one day’s journey from

hence, I reached La Lagunata, a small settlement, whére in the

evening I beheld some plants of the Zzgua. On enquiring of my —

host I found that I was in a good locality for procuring this re-

markable plant and accodingly remained some days. ath

The Phytelephas is a dicecious Palm, not robust, never forming

a Caudext, and has generally from fifteen to twenty pinnated

The genus is probably not really distinct from Lophophytum, Schott and Endlicher,

Meletr. t. 1, Of the Peruvian species the author remarks, that it is called “« Mays

del Monte” by the Indians, and that it is cooked and eaten as Fungi are; that,

after showers, it springs up at the roots of trees with wonderful rapidity; but

that it soon, by continued rains, becomes corrupted or is destroyed by innumerable

minute insects. A second and smaller species is also noticed, but not described,

by Poeppig. — |

=

+ This account is a little at variance with that’ of Ruiz and Pavon, who de-

scribe the Phytelephas macrocarpa. as haying a short caudex, which they make

the only distinguishing specific distinction between it and their Phyt. microcarpa.

But the size of fruits in our plant forbid the id é

ph * Voyage ae aa Botanique’ I am informed that some recent livrai-

contain figures of several supposed species of Phytelephas, chiefly determined

by the fruits or nuts; and it is possible that this may helper dad

peciess but I have not that portion of Freycinet’s work at hand to compare

47

leaves, from fifteen to twenty feet long, of a light green colour,

particularly graceful in their aspect. In old leaves the midrib is

flattened ; in young, but fruit-bearing ones, itis round. 'The aspect

of both sexes is the same, except that the male plants produce a

distinct spatha, the female none ; or, if it does, it is only perfect in

an early stage, afterwards torn into shreds. The male flowers

and the spatha are produced from the axils of the inner leaves,

and are recurved outwards. ‘The extraordinary heads of fruits

are seen around the base of the plant (one plant frequently bear-

ing six ata time); the heads resting on the ground, or lodged

between the leaves, on a footstalk so short as to be buried among

the bases of the leaves, and of which the fibre is extremely tough.

Each is composed of three to five, but generally four, large nuts,

wedged in and firmly knit together, of a roundish, but more or

less angled, form, depressed at the top, and there covered with

conical or pyramidal woody-fibrous protuberances, from half an

inch to an inch or more long; the whole forming a compact mass

or dark-coloured head, whence the name given to it by the colo-

nists “ Cabesa del Negro,” the form not only representing the

head of the negro, but the fibrous protuberances the coarser hair.

The styles, of the. female flower, I find to be concentrated to a

point, terminated by a long stigma, four to five inches long, and

again divided in as many points (of about half an inch in length)

as there are seeds or cavities in the cluster. At a very early stage

these cavities contain a watery fluid of a sweetish taste, which

gradually diminishes in quantity as the fruit advances to maturity.

The leayes are employed to thatch houses, and the whole of the

village of the Paroquia del Carmina and the houses, generally, in

this district, are covered with it. This, however, arises from the

great number of this kind of Palm in the neighbourhood ; for

there are many other species of Palm whose leaves are far supe-

rior for this purpose. _ Enclosing the fresh mature seeds is a yel-

low, sweet, and oily pulp, which is collected in the proper season

(October) and is called “ Pepa del Tagua,” which I am informed

is sold by the Indians in Ocafia at one rial per pound. A spoon-

ful of this, with a little sugar and water, makes the celebrated

“ Chiche de Tagua,” said to be the most delicious drink in the

country, but it is slightly drastic in its effect. The fluid, although

containing much oil, does not become rancid, but keeps for months,

in a crude state, without losing flavour or quality. The Palm

itself grows in the g t abundance in dense shaded woods,

at an elevation of from one to three thousand feet, along the

mountains facing the Magdalena. I do not think it is to be

found in the hot plains. In the season of its ripe fruit it is said

N

48

to scent the whole country with a delicious odour. All kinds of —

wild animals, such as wild hogs and turkeys are very fond of its

fruit. Fresh and good seeds of it are very easily detected by the

bright yellow colour and by the fresh tooth-marks of the animals

of the woods, which feed upon the sweet yellow pulp above

mentioned. Snakes of a very venomous kind are abundant among

these stemless palms, so much so, indeed, that the men I had with

me found it necessary to dislodge them with a long stick before

they dared approach them. We killed several, which were not

particularly formidable in their appearance, but deadly in their

nature. A cross, decorated with flowers, and a few loose stones,

near one of the Taguelis (I'agua woods) mark the grave of a

person who died in a few hours from the bite of one of them,

and, as may be supposed, the inhabitants of the district live in

great dread of them.

I leave this in four days for La Cruiz Bucaramanna. From

that place it is my intention to go to Pamplona, the highest town

of New Grenada, where snow frequently falls. I then return to

Bucaramanga, that being the direct road to Bogota; and as the

whole of the journey is “Tierra fria” I expect it will afford me

many good plants.

I shall be glad to know how the consignment arrives. The

glass case is filled with Tagua plants and the bottom covered with

seeds. There is also a separate box of fresh seeds. Should they

not arrive safely, I can procure another collection on my return

down the river. Iam therefore anxious to learn how they succeed

as soon as possible. The roots of the two species of Achimenes I

trust will reach you in a living state, if not, it is worth going out

of my way to collect more. Should I receive no instructions

from you on my arrival at Bogota, I shall make the best use of

my time in some direction till I do hear. I am still of opinion

that the Province of Antioquia would produce some good collec-

tions. You may expect the boxes of plants and glazed case by

the packet which takes this letter.”

(Signed) “Wiiiam Purpre.”