THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF

CONCHOLOGISTS.

-o-

VOL. XII.

MAY 1898, to APRIL, 1899.

-O —

PHILADELPHIA :

Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON.

IN DFX

TO

THE NAUTILUS, VOL. XII

INDEX TO TITLES AND SPECIES DESCRIBED.

Achatinidae, note on the generic names of two groups of 92

Amnicola missourieusis Pilsbry. n. sp . 43

Amuicola Walkeri Pilsbry, u. sp.

Amnicolida?, notes on new and little known.. . . 42

Amnicolida? of the Western United States . -•• 121

Ampullaria Pinei Dall, n. sp. . 7.i

Anodonta imbecillis, hermaphroditic 87

Ashrnunella Pilsbry and Cockerel!, n. gen . 107

Ashmuuella pseudodout-i (Dill) capitansnsis Ashmun and

Cockerell, n. sub-sp • 131

Beddome, C. E . (Obituary) ... 8!>

Bitidaria Ashmnni, a new species of Pupida? 49

Bitidaria Ashmuni form minor. . 92

Bitidaria Dilliana Sterki. n. sp ^

Bitidaria hordeacella Pils. var. pavvidens Sterki. n. var 128

liitidaria perversa Sterki, n. sp. . •>:)

Bitidaria quadrideutata Sterki, n. sp. 127

Biologia Centra li Americana. Mollusca (Review ) 11

Care of Shells 132

Ceres Nelsoui Dall, u. sp 27

Cerion Fordii Pils. & Van. (Figs. ], •>, ;•{. 4,). •

Ceriou Pillsburyi Pils. & Van. (Fig. 5.)

Chicago drainage canal, a day on the . . . 63

Chitons, notes on a few "'O

Collecting in the Great Smokies.. 97

Collecting shells in the Klondike country 109

Columbella avara in Brazil and Uruguay. 45

Conchology in the Klondike 24

Conulus chersinus dentatus Sterki • .110, 131, 144

Conulus chersinus polygyratus Pils., i\ var. 1 Ti

Conulus chersinus (Say) 1 1 (n>

( 'onulus chersinus trochulus (Reinhardt) . 11<>

Conulus tulvus alaskensis Pils., u. var. .

Couulus fulvus mortoui ( Jeft'reys)

(iii)

27

27

iy THE NAUTILUS.

Couulus fulvus (M tiller) 115

Couulus, remarks on the American species of 113

Crosse, M. H.— In Memoriam 104

Crossopoma enganoense Henderson, n. sp. (PI. II. figs, i, o, 3.) 17

Cycladidas, some studies on the morphology of the 117

Cyclostrema Dautzenbergianum Aucey, n, sp 54

Cypraea Rashldghana, note on 80

De Camp, William Henry (Obituary, with portrait) 61

Descriptions of new species and varieties of American Zouitidae

and E iid odont like 85

Diplommatiua liwaensis Aldrich. u sp. (PI. 1, figs. 3, 4 ) 4

Drillia empyrosia Dall., n. sp 127

Enneastrictilabris Ancey, u. n forE. riiicrostoma. Smith, preoc. 72

Epiphragniophora arrosa var. expansilabris, Pils., u. var 22

Epiphragmophora tudiculata var. mnbilicata Pils.. u. var 22

Flumiuicola columbiana Hemphill, n. sp 125

Fluminicola erythropoma Pils., n. sp .. 125

Fossil pearls 3<i

Fusus Roperi Dall, u. sp. (California) 4

Gastrodonta Clappi Pils , u. sp 80

Gastrodonta coelaxis Pils , u. sp 140

Gastrodouta macilenta Shuttl 140

General notes 9. 2:;, 3G. 45, 59, 71.80, 95. 107.119, 131. 144

Haliotis Cracherodii var. Califoruieusis, Swainson . . 79

Ilaliotis fulgens var. Walallensis Stearns, n. var 100

Halistylus, note on ...... 4(i

Helix disparilis Aucey. n- sp. (PI. I. fig. 13.) 21

Helix Lowei Fer 131

Interglacial shells at Toronto, Canada <;

Isaac Lea Department of the Agassiz Association 8, 132, 142

Ischnochitou oniscus Krauss. and I. Elizabetheu^is Pilsbry,

notes on 41

Ischnochiton Mitsukurii Pilsbry, n. sp 51

Lagocheilus raarangeusis Aldrich, u. sp. (PI. T, fig. 5.) 3

Laud shells of Gun Cay, Bahamas (Illustrated) 26

Lanx YJfltelloides Lea, in Shasta Co., Cal 60

Lepidopleurns Meneghinii var.? Dautzenbergi, Aucey, u. var. 55

Leptopoma FultoKi Aldrich. n. sp. (PI. I, figs. 11, 12 ) 3

Limuaea gracilis at Reed's Lake, Mich 119,131

List of land and freshwater shelh of Enganio, with descriptions

of ue\v species. ( Illustrated.) 13

List of marine shells collected at Port Gueydon, K ibylia, with

description of a ne\v Cyclosirema, etc 52

Lyogyrus granum (Say) 42

Macroceramus floridauus Pils., n. sp . . 23

Macroceramus texanus Pils.. n. sp 23

THE NAUTILUS, V

Macrochlamys Dohertyi Henderson, n. sp. (PI. II. figs. S. 0.;. ]<>

Mariaella Dussumerieri. note on. - '•'

Melampus floridanus Shuttl. in Maryland 1<>7

Melania (Melauoides) badia Henderson, n. sp. (PI. II. fig "•) • 14

Melauia (Melanoides) heivula GUI. var. (PI. II. fig. c.) 14

Mollusks of the great African Lakes. ....... 37

Moricandia Pils. & Van., n sub-g. 57

Myllita insequalis Dall, n. sp 41

Mytilus Stearusi Pils. & Ravin., n. n. (Vol. XIII, pi. I. n'os. 1.

2,3.) 70

Nauiua(Hemiplecta)marangensis Aldrich. n.sp.'Pl. l,figs. 9, 10 .)2

New American land shells I'll

New Jamaican land shell. (Illustrated.)

New species and varieties of American land shells

Nomenclature of some African shells 72

Note on Mollusks from Arcadia. Mo ....... 30

Notes on some land and fresh water shells from Sumatra, with

description of new species. (Illustrated.). 1

Notes on Uruguay and Argentine fresh water shells, supple-

mental to the list in NAUTILUS X, pp. 70-81 4(i

Odontostomus, notes on the genus 57

Olivella Blr.nesi Ford, u. sp. (Vol. XIII, pi. I. tig. 4)... 00

Omphalhn fuligiuosa polita Pils., n. vaiv 80

Omphalotropis (Selenomphala) dohertyi Aldrich. n sp. (PI. 1,

figs. 1,2.).. 3

Paludestrina imitator Pils., n. sp 124

Paludestrina Stearnsiaua Pils., n. sp 124

Pennsylvania!! mollusks from the Ohio River system below

Pittsburgh 13:'.

PUidium fallax var. sepentrionale Sterki. n. var 78

Pisidium Roperi Sterki, n. sp

Pisidium Walkeri var. maiuense Sterki. u. var 79

Planispira Aldrichi Henderson, u. sp (PI. IT, ti^s. 4. 5.) 15

Planorbis dilatatus Gld. in Texas l-(4

Polygyra altissima Cockerell. n. sp. (from New Mexico) 7i>

Polygyra edvardsi Bid. at Elizabethton. Tenn 12(1

Polygyra lawae var. tallulahensls Pi!s. n. var 22

Polygyra miorhyssa Dall. n . sp 7.">

Poiygyrapostelliaua subclausa Pils . u var 144

Polygyra richardsoui liugualis Pils., n var .... 144

Polygya i-hyssa var. hyporhyssa Cockerell, n. var 77

Polygyra Roperi in Shasta County, Cal 59

Polygyra trideutnta var. complanata Pils. n. var (. . . ... 22

Pomatiopsis californica Pils., n sp 120

Postage on Natural History specimens to foreign countries. . 58

Potamolithu* jacuhyeusis Pils , u. sp , . 113

yi THE NAUTILUS.

Prosopeas argeutea Henderson, u.. sp. (PI. II, fio-. io> IG

Pteronotus Carpenteri Dall, n.ep .. iss

Publications received in. •$;{. 47. fin, 72. Si , <i:l. ins

Pupa Hoppii Moller 10-1

Pupa (Neartula) su perioris Pi Is n. sp ion

Pupa (Pupilla) sonorana Sterki, u. sp ]-_>s

Pupa (Pupilla) sonorana var. teuella Sterki. u. var ii'9

Pupida?, new 127

Pyramidtila Cockerelli, Pils.. n. sp 85

Pyramidula striatella catskilleusis Pils., u. var 8(5

Pyramidu la strigosa (young) 24

Quarternary fossil shells, Long Bea jh. Cal 7

Ravenia Hollandi Henderson, u. sp (figured) 2f>

Roper, Edward W., In Memoriam 12!)

San Diego, California, as a collecting ground 88

Septi fer hi f'u rcatus Conrad, note ou <;»

Septifer bifu rcatus Rve. and Mytilu? bifurcatus Conrad, an in-

terrogation i n regard to r,7

Shallcross. John (Obituary) •. <r>

Shell collecting at Mt. Desert. Maine 7;!

Shells of ReJding, Shasta County, Cal ;><i

Sitala carinifera Stol. var. maraugensis u. var., Aldricli (PI I,

n'g . G) 2

Spha-rium HI ycasheuse Baker, u- sp Gfi

Sp ixia Pils , and Van u. stibg r>7

Succinea retusa magister Pils., u. var 10H

Terebra texa ua Dall, n. sp 45

Trochomorpha Dohertvi Aldricli, n. sp (PI. 1. figs 7. S) -J

ITnio cornplanatus Sol. at New Philadelphia, Ohio 24

I 'nio collecting S

Unio cylindricus Say, var. strigillatus Wright, n. var (i

Vnio Iheringi Wright, n. sj) <i;!

Tnio Strodeanus Wright, n. sp r>

Unio villosus Wright, n. sp s

Unionidae, Emigration of 1^9

Unionidie. some observations ou the genital organs with refer-

ence to classification 18. -2s

Urosalpinx cinereus in San Francisco Bay 'l]-2

Vallonia on the Pacific Coast GO. 71

Vitrea carolinensis. Cockerel! 120

Vitiea iudentata var. umbilicata Siugley 120

Vitrea, notes on the iudentata group of 120

Vitrea Rhoadsi Pils., n. sp 101

Vitrea sculptil is Bid 120

Zonitoides Randolph! Pils. and Clapp, n sp S7

INDEX TO AUTHORS.

Aldrich.T. II. 1

Ancey, C. F 21 , 5-2, 72, 92

Baker, Frank > C 36. (53, 65

Bradshaw, Mrs. M. F !)

Burns, Frank ::G

Campbell, Julia E 7

Clapp, George H 14

Cockerell, T. D. A i>, 48, 7(i, 107, 120, 13]

Cooke, llev. A. II ]04

Da 11, William II -I. 27, 4(>. 44. 7r>. 127, 138

Ferriss, James H 117

Ford, John <;<;

Fiiersou, Lorraine S. . i;50

Henderson Jr., John 15 13, 2.~. 73

Keep, Prof. Josiah 1:52

Kelsey, F. W 88

Lemon, James II G

Melvill, James Cosmo 80

Pilshry, Henry A.. 22, 2G, 42, -1(5, 50, 57, (51), 7!>. 85. 101, 103. 121, 140, 144

Randolph, P. B 109

Raymond, W. J 69

R hoads, Samuel N 133

Roberts, S. Raymond 24, 80

Stearns, R. E. C 10(5, 112

Sterki, Dr. V 18, 24, 28. 41). 77. 89, 90. 117,127

Strode, Dr. W. S s

Sykes, E. R 41

Varatta, E. G 107

Walker. Bryant Gi, 120

White, J. J... . . 142

Williamson, Mrs. M. Burton G7. 71

Wright, Berlin II.. . 5, 32. 93,

(vii)

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XII. MAY, 1898. No. 1.

NOTES ON SOME LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS FROM SUMATRA,

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

BY T. H. ALDRICH.

In the fall of 1890, the writer received from Marang, Sumatra, a

small collection of shells made by Win. Doherty, Esq., at that place.

A partial list of same is here given, with descriptions of some new

forms :—

1. Nanina gemina Busch.

2. Ariophanta weyersi Smith.

3. Ariophanta dohertyi Aldrich.

4. Hemiplecta marangensis n. sp.

5. Sitala carinifera Stol., var. marangensis n. var.

6. Trochomorpha dohertyi n. sp.

7. Amphidromus palacens Busch.

8. Helicina parva.

9. Clausilia aenigmatica Sykes.

10. Cyclophorus eximius Mous.

11. Cyclophorus perdix Brod.

12. Orossopoma bathyraphe Smith.

13. Lagocheilus marangensis n. sp.

14. Omphalotropis (Selenom])hala~) dohertyi n. sp.

15. Diplommatina liwaensis n. sp.

16. Leptopoma fultoni n.sp.

17. Cyclotas sp.

18. Melania lirata Bens.

19. Melania artecava Mouss.

Z THE NAUTILUS.

20. Melania javanica v. d. B.

21. Melania rustica Mouss. (?)

22. Melania perplicata Brot.

23. Melania sobria Lea.

24. Melania rudis Lea.

25. Melania scabra Mull.

26. Melania tuberculata Mull.

27. Melania {Tiara'} setosa Sw.

28. Melania mitra Meuschen.

29. Melania winteri V. de B.

30. Melania scabra Miill.

31. Melania herklotzi Petit.

32. Faunus ater L.

33. Ampulla/rid ampullacea L.

34. Pythia scarabceus L.

35. Melampus fasciatus Dh.

36. Cerithidea cornea A. Ad.

37. Navicella tessellata Lain.

38. Eatissa sphiericnla Prime.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

Nanina (Hemiplecta) marangensis n.sp. PI. I, fig. 9, 10.

Shell thin, narrowly urubilicated, obliquely striated above, smooth

below; spire obtuse; color light brown; whorls seven, body whorl

carinated, outer lip sinuous, expanded.

Diam. of largest specimen 22 mm.

This shell resembles H. aceidota Bttg. from Java, but is more

acutely keeled and has no band, the substance of the shell is thin-

ner, and when adult is larger ; it also resembles N. naninoides Bens.

Sitala carinifera Stol. vav. marangensis n. var. PI. I, fig. 6.

The specimens before me differ from the description by Stolicka.

It is characterized by having six whorls, base rounded, body whorl

bilirate, the others with but a siugle raised line, moderately umbili-

cated. The largest specimen shows six whorls, the others but fiveh

base is more rounded than typical forms. It also is close to S. bili-

rata W. T. Blanf, except having one whorl less, and not being so

openly umbilicated.

Alt. 4 mm.

Troohomorpha dohertyi n. sp. PI. I, figs. 7, 8.

Shell thin, lenticular, whorls six to seven, body whorl acutely

keeled, whorls bordered by a yellow band covering the suture, peri-

THE NAUTILUS. 6

phery of body whorl also with a yellow color band, both above and

on base, suture moderately impressed. Aperture oblique, acute oval,

umbilicus wide and deep, base somewhat rounded.

Diameter 17 mm.

This handsome shell is similar to the well known T. bicolor Mts.,

but is larger, has a different and wider umbilicus, is flatter and dif-

fers in its coloration ; the base is a uniform brown, except at peri-

phery of body whorl.

Type in my collection, examples also in Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia.

Lagocheilus marangensis n. sp. PI. I, fig. 5.

Shell turbinate, umbilicate, whorls six, convex, epidermal lines of

growth prominent at sutures, shell with a dotted baud of red just

below suture, and also another one on base below periphery of body

whorl ; aperture circular, with a very thin callus on the body whorl ;

lip expanded, partially reflected over the umbilicus.

Diam., maj. 8 mm., alt. 9 mm.

This species is very close to L. ciliocinctus Von Martens, but au-

thentic specimens of that species do not show the dotted red band on

the base. The body wall has a connecting callus, the lip is also

somewhat exserted, while our species differs in both these particulars.

Omphalotropis (Selenomphala) dohertyi n. sp. PI. I, figs. 1, 2.

Shell umbilicated; ovate conical, very finely striate ; whorls 6 to

7, convex, suture deeply impressed, aperture ovate, peristome sim-

ple, color yellowish brown.

Diam. 3 mm., alt. 4? mm.

This species is close to 0. colombeliana Heude, but has one more

whorl, and a more expanded outer lip. Dr. O. Von Mollendorf

pronounces it new and of a group not heretofore known from Su-

matra.

Xeptopoma fultoni n. sp. PI. I. figs. 11, 12.

Shell medium, conical, narrowly umbilicated, whorls six, the first

three smooth, the others with numerous revolving lines, aperture

oblique, rounded, exserted lip expanded and tinged with red within ;

a few specimens show a dark green band extending from the back

of the inner red coloring half around the body whorl, gradually

narrowing to a point. Those with this green band are invariably

smaller than those without it.

Height 12 mm., max. width 13 mm.

4 THE NAUTILUS.

This species resembles L. matildae Dohrn,and may eventually be

classed as a variety of that species. The peculiar color markings

constituting the chief differences. The red color within is always

present. Over 60 specimens received.

Diplommatina liwaensis n. sp. PI. I, figs. 3, 4.

Shell dextral, fusiform, thin, sculpture fine and close, covering all

the whorls, color pale brown, whorls rounded, apex not acuminate,

suture impressed, whorls seven, antipenult. largest, constriction in

front. Aperture ovate, outer lip reflected, columellar tootli small.

Maj. diam. If mm., alt. 4 mm.

Locality : Liwa, at 4,000 ft. altitude.

Close to D. gracilis Beddome, but has much finer sculpture, is

larger and has one more whorl.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF FUSUS FROM CALIFORNIA.

BY WM. H. DALL.

Fusus Roperi n. sp.

Shell small, rather short and wide, with a short, subacute spire

and about six whorls ; color ferruginous brown, faintly spirally

zoned and lighter on the siphonal fascicle, pillar and throat whitish,

outer lip between the white of the throat and the margin showing

narrow spiral brown lines on a yellowish ground, whorls with a ten-

dency to a white, narrow peripheral line most evident on the sum-

mits of the ribs; whorls excavated behind, somewhat rounded before

the periphery, the margin at the suture strongly appressed with the

whorl in front of it somewhat constricted ; suture distinct, hardly

undulated, the spiral thread in front of it slightly minutely imbri-

cated; axially directed sculpture of finely wrinkled silky incremen-

tal lines and (on the last whorl) nine rounded ribs with rather

wider interspaces, the ribs are obsolete near the suture, on the early

whorls, and on the base; spiral sculpture of numerous flat strap-

like threads with the interspaces much narrower and sharply re£icu-

lated by the incremental sculpture which rises in the interspaces

nearly to the level of the tops of the threads ; the nucleus (lost) is

small, the first two or three whorls are more coarsely reticulate than

the later ones ; aperture elongated and insensibly passing into a

rather wide and short canal ; siphonal fasciole rather marked,

VOL. xii.

PLATE I.

13.

9.

ALDRICH— SUMATRA MOLLUSCS.

*$S5

LIBRARY

THE NAUTILUS. O

though the siphon is not recurved ; pillar smooth, nearly straight

with little callus; the body with no subsutural callus; the outer lip

slightly flaring, hardly thickened ; Ion. of shell 26, of aperture 15.5>

lat. 13.0 mm.

San Pedro, Cal., in rather deep water, E. W. Roper; in whose

honor the shell is named.

This is a singular species, recalling Ocinebra or Muritidea by its

surface sculpture and the constricted and appressed sutural region

of the whorls. I have not been able to find any species with similar

characters in the monographs or in the National Collection. It is

probable that it should be separated sectionally from the group

typified by F. coins, and it cannot be associated with Sipho or Chry-

sodomus, so it may be regarded as typifying a new section, Roperia.

NEW UNIONIDJE.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

U. Strodeanus sp. nov.

Shell smooth, subtriangular, not inflated, inequilateral, rounded

before, obtusely angular behind, slightly arched above and grace-

fully rounded beneath. Substance of the shell solid and nearly

uniform throughout. Beaks gracefully pointed, not prominent,

scarcely extending above the short red ligament and surrounded by

a few coarse, low undulations which do not extend back as much as

usual. Umbos flattened. Epidermis olive-black, rayless. Not

polished and with distant, faint marks of growth. Umbonial slope

obtusely angular or rounded ; posterior slope slightly compressed

and with two or three slightly impressed lines extending from beaks

to margin. Cardinal teeth strong, deeply cleft and inclined to be

direct. Lateral teeth prominent, curved and inclined to be double

in both valves. Shell cavity moderate and quite uniform. Beak

cavity slight and abruptly rounded. Cicatrices small, barely dis-

tinct and well impressed. Nacre white and only slightly iridescent

towards the margins. AVidth 2 in., length \\ in., diarn. 2 in.

Habitat : Escambia River, West Flordia.

Type in National Museum.

Remarks: Affinity, U. reclusus nobis and U.simulans Lea. From

the former it differs in having a darker and rougher epidermis, not

so pointed behind, flatter sides, shorter and teeth heavier. From

THE NAUTILUS.

the latter it differs in its shorter dorsal line, more pointed posterior,

.red ligament and greater length. It has the outline of U. Genthii

Lea but it is darker, rayless and the teeth are heavier, the single

lateral being uniformly tapered off to its posterior end instead of

ending abruptly. Twelve specimens were taken along with U.

succisus (cacao) Lea, U. incrassatus Lea, var. boykinianus Lea and

neissleri Lea, var.

We name it in honor of our esteemed friend, Dr. W. S. Strode,

of Lewiston, 111.

U. cylindricus Say, var. strigillatus nov.

The chief distinguishing characters of this variety are : Much

more compressed, sculptured throughout, and lateral teeth widely

diverging and curved downwards. The umbonal ridge is very low

nad broad, and fluted with elongated, divergent, flattened elevations.

Nacre usually pink.

Habitat : Clinch River, Lee Co., Va. Type in National Museum.

Remarks: A large number of these shells was received several

years ago from Mr. J. F. Sword, of Jonesville, Va., and sent out

under Mr. Say's name. Recently several young ones were found

which convinced me of their varietal value, indicating a connecting

link with U. tuberculatus Barnes.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz

Association by its General Secretary, Dr, W. S. Strode] .

INTERGLACIAL SHELLS AT TORONTO, CANADA.

[Extract from the report of James H. Lemon. From the Transactions of the Isaac

Lea Conchological Chapter for 1897.]

The most interesting deposit from a Conchological standpoint is

found at Taylor's Quarry on the banks of the Don River, a mile

northeast of the city of Toronto. At this point a good section of

the Drift has been exposed. The underlying rocks are Hudson

River shales belonging to the Silurian period, rising about 30 feet

above the bed of the river. They are immediately covered by a

layer of till three feet thick, and which fills in all irregularities of

the underlying shale. The fossils are found in a few inches of clay

THE NAUTILUS. /

j ust above this till. Dr. Coleman, of the School of Practical Science,

collected and sent a number of the species to Dr. Dall and C. T.

Simpson, who identified them as follows: U. phaseolus, U. clavus U.

pustulosus, U. pustulusus var. schoolcrafti, U. occidens(F), U.luleolus,

U. undulatus, U. rectus, U. trigonus and U. solidus.

Besides these a number of other shells have been found, viz. :

Pleurocera subulare, P. elevatum, Goniobasis, Valvata sincera, V. bi-

carinata, Campeloma decisum, Amtiicola, Physa, Planorbis, Pisidium,

Sphaerium, etc.

A peculiar fact is the comparative rarity of Campeloma, Plauor-

bis and Physa, shells which are very abundant to-day in the waters

of the Don. Of the 10 species of Unios identified by Dr. Dall and

Mr. Simpson only U. luteolus and U. rectus are found here to-day.

Unio phaseolus and U. undulatus have been found in small numbers

in Lake Erie, but not in Lake Ontario.

Three of the species, Unio pustulosus, U. solidus and U. clavus are

uot found to-day in the St. Lawrence drainage system at all, but are

confined to the Mississippi area where they are extremely common.

The presence of the Mississippi forms seems to indicate that the

climate existing during the first interglacial period was somewhat

more southern than it is to-day, and this conclusion is also borne

out by the nature of the plant remains.

Along the shores of Lake Ontario to the east of Toronto is along

line of cliffs known as Scarboro' Heights, composed entirely of Drift

deposits. Only a very few shells have as yet been found here, but

the beds are very rich in insect and plant remains.

The deposits along the Don River have yielded by far the most

interesting results in the shell line.

QUATERNARY FOSSIL SHELLS, LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA.

[Excerpts from report of Julia E. Campbell, 1896] .

One day in April, 1896, while out for wild flowers, we drove to

Signal Hill, which lies back from the ocean about 2* miles. Down

one side of the hill runs a narrow ravine or little canon as it is often

called.

While climbing up in the center of this ravine we found the banks

on either side literally filled with fossil shells. We secured the fol-

lowing species, viz. : Nassa mendica Old., N. perpinguis Hds., Den-

THE NAUTILUS.

talinm pretiosum Nutt., Lutricola alia Cour. and Callista (Amian-

tis*) callosa Conr.

UNIO COLLECTING, BY DR. STRODE.

On October 1st I went to London Mills on Spoon River, about 40

miles up stream in the hope of finding U.capax and U. aesopus,\>ut,

was disappointed. I was surprised to find U. undulatus Bar. super-

ceeding U. plicatus and U. multiplicatus, so common lower down the

stream. M. complanata Bar. was hei*e in great numbers ; U. occidens

and U. gibbosus were also quite abundant.

On Nov. 10th, while on a picuicing expedition at Duncan Mills,

20 miles from the mouth of Spoon River, I observed on the oppo-

site side of the stream a rocky ledge and beach below extending for

quite a distance up and down the river.

The thought at once struck me that my giant multiplicatus might

be once more found here. Accompanied by Dr. Maguire and our

wives we crossed over and lost no time in getting into the water

among the rocks. Almost the first shell brought up was one of

these big fellows. They were here in company with scores of big

plicatus, ligamentinns, tuberculatus and a dozen other species. In

two hours' time we had found over fifty of the multiplicatus, one

good U. capax and one M. confragosa four inches long. The doctor's

bird dog Belva, partook of our enthusiasm and manifested a desire

to also search for shells. After a little showing she understood how

it was done, and it was amusing, indeed to see her with head sub-

merged hunting a shell and then after securing it the air of import-

ance assumed as she waddled ashore with it. AVe hope, the coming

season, to make an expert collector of her.

One of the most pleasant and profitable collecting trips of the sea-

son was made in September at a place called " The Devil's Elbow,"

five miles below Havana on the Illinos River. At this place the

south bank for nearly a half mile is a sand-bar, full of little bayous,

and in these places was where we found the Unios. Prof. Hart, of

the State Biological Station, who was one of the party, brought with

one sweep of his dredge-net over fifty specimens, covering a dozen spe£

cies. All of the following species were found plentiful, viz.: U. plicatus,

U. multiplicatus, U. alatus, U. gracilis, U. pustulosus, U.pustulatus, [7.

lachrymosus, U.anodontoides, U. gibbosus, U. ligamentinus, U.ebenus,

U. ellipsis, U. solidus, U. donaciformis, U. cornutus, U. elegans, M.

confragosa, M. rugosa, M, complanata. A half-dozen U. seciiris

were found, the first record of this species for the county.

THE NAUTILUS.

ORANGE, CALIFORNIA.

[Excerpts from report of Mrs. M. F. BradshawJ.

To-day (February 13) we went to the blue rock above Laguna

and had great success, finding some species not before collected by

us. Digging in the soft rock with a hatchet and turning over loose

rocks brought us the following species : Ischnochiton conspiciius,

Mopalia muscoaa, Trachydermon dentiens, T. hartwegii, Lepidopleurus

rugatus, Camingia californiea, Liicina californica, Diplodonta or-

bella, Cklorostoma fasescens, C. gallina, C. aureotinctum, Volvaria

varia, Parapholas californica, Pholadidea penita, Nettastomella dar-

winii, Norrisia norrisi, Leptothyra bacula, Phasianella compta var.

pulloides, Mytilus bifurcatus, Septifer bifurcatus, Lastea rubra,Chama

pellucida, Fissurella volcano, Adula falcata, Lithophagus plumula,

Astyris gausipata, Cerostoma nuttalli, Conus californicus, Corbula

luteola, Hlpponyx antiquatus, Macron lividus, Monoceras lapilloides,

Milneria minima.

Went to day (February 14), to Fisherman's Bay, and were at

last successful in finding the Setnele rupium. Down deep in the

sand where they were built upon themselves two or three stories

high, down cellar under water, here hide the beautiful Semele. The

incoming waves kept us from looking long or carefully, which was

greatly to be regretted, as it is a long walk to this place and only to

be approached at the very lowest tide; even then one is continually

obliged to run from the waves, so that it will never be possible to get

many. We also found a few Diplodonta orbella, Kellia suborbic-

ularis, Rupellaria lamellifera, Megatebennus bimacalatus, Trivia

californica, and nearer to shore in the weeds on the rocks one live

Chama muricata.

GENERAL NOTES.

NOTE ON MARIAELLA DUSSUMIERI. — It is tolerably evident that

we have all along been making a stupid blunder about the type lo-

cality of this slug. The original specimen, in the British Museum,

is labelled simply as from " Mahe " by Valenciennes. This must

be Mahe the French colony on the southeast coast of India, not far

from the Travancore Hills, whence came Mariaella beddomei (G.-

Aust.), which is, to all appearances, the same animal. I had been

10 THE NAUTILUS.

provisionally keeping beddomei as a subspecies, thinking that the

Seychelles type (as it was supposed to he) dussumieri might, when

examined anatomically, show some distinctive characters. But

since dussitmieri is from Mahe, India, it is doubtless the same as

beddomei, which must sink as a synonym. For a general discussion

of the synonymy of Mariaella see Ann. & Mag. of Nat. Hist., Jan.,

1891, pp. 103-104. -

The removal of Mariaella from the Seychelles fauna gets rid of an

apparent anomaly in geographical distribution.

While on the subject of Oriental slugs I may as well refer to cer-

tain section-names proposed in the plural in the paper just cited, and

again published in the Check-List of Slugs (1893). I did not

change them to the singular number, because I thought that might be

left to special students of Oriental slugs ; but as no one has taken

the matter up, the changes are made herewith :—

Ibycus, sect. Cnjptibycus (Cryptibyci, Ckll.,1891) type /. magnifi-

•CMS, Nev. & G.-A.

Amtenia, sect. Euaustenia (Euaustenice, Ckll., 1891); type A.

scutella, Bs.

Austenia, sect. Cryptaustenia (Cryptaustenice, Ckll., 1891) ; type

A. planospira. — T. D. A. COCKERELL, March 21, 1898.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS.

NOTICE OF SOME NEW OR INTERESTING SPECIES OF SHELLS

FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA AND THE ADJACENT REGION, by William

Healey Dall (Nat. Hist. Soc. B. C., Bull. No. 2, 1897. 18 pp., 2

plates). While based largely upon material collected by Dr. C. F.

Newcombe, Rev. Geo. W. Taylor, Mr. Whiteaves, and other Canadian

naturalists, material from Alaskan waters has also been utilized by

Dall in preparing this paper. The occidental species of Crenella

and Modiolzria are discussed, (7. columbiana, Leana and japonica,

M. Taylori and seminuda being new. Nucula charlottensis, Leda

•cellullta, conceptionis and leonina are also new or lately described

forms. Other new species of bivalves belong to Yoldia, Malletia

and Macoma. Two Cadulus, Hepburni and Tolmiei, and species of

Cythara, Turbonilla and Odontostomia are described as new. Ris-

$oina Newcombei, Molleria quadrce, and Eucosmia htrida are also

new ; all being illustrated by very good figures.

THE NAUTILUS. 11

BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA: MOLLUSCA, by E. von Mar.

tens. After an interval of several years, during which no parts of

this work appeared, its publication has been resumed, we hope to

be continued without interruption ; two parts having been issued

in November and December, 1897. These treat mainly of the Cyl-

indreUidce, comprising the genera Eucalodium, Ccelocentrum, Holo-

spira, Cylindrella, Macroceramus.

The most remarkable feature of von Marten's treatment of thi&

family is not what he has to say about it, which, so far as it goes, is

well enough, but what he leaves out. It would seem that the Berlin

authorities are not only excluding American fruit, but have been

excluding American malacology as well for several years past.

Papers published in periodicals as well known as the Proceedings of

the U. S. National Museum and of the Academy of Natural Sciences

of Philadelphia, seem to be quite unknown in Berlin.

Eucalodium is divided into several sections, based upon size, color

and external form. Of these sections Resupinata, for E. spcciosum,

edwardsianum and deshayesidnum, is new, and Anisospira of Strebel

is regarded as another section. The division based upon the pres-

ence or absence of a strong spiral plait upon the colutnella, and the

dentition, published in September, 1895, is not mentioned, and the

sectional name then proposed for E. blandianum and its allies is

ignored, even in synonymy.

Some fine new species of Ctelocentrum are described, while others

made known by Dall are omitted.

It is in the genus Holospira, however, that eccentricity seems most

pronounced. An American malacologist, whom we had supposed

was not unknown in Berlin, published a new classification of

this genus in September, 1895 (two years and three months before

the appearance of the genus in the Biologia), in which the species

were distributed into some six sections or subgenera according to the

presence and arrangement or absence of folds, laminre or plaits

within the shell. This was a great advance in the study of the

genus, as the species are so similar externally that their determina-

tion without such an aid as this was difficult and uncertain ; to say

nothing of the gain in knowledge of the interrelations and descent

of the species. In the Biologia not only are these subgenera com-

pletely ignored — denied a line in the synonymy — but even the facts

of nature which they represent are unnoticed in the tables of specific

characters. After this it does not seem worth while to mention such

12 THE NAUTILUS.

trifles as that H. clavl/ormis Martens, 1897, was described and figured

as H. elizabethce as long ago as May, 1889, from specimens taken at

the same locality, or that species published from Mexico in 1896 are

not mentioned.

The peculiar group Epirobia Strebel is made a subgenus of Holo-

spira. Whether this rank is or is not correct, may fairly be held a

matter of opinion ; but that von Martens errs radically in including

all of the Mexican " Cylindrella " in Epirobia is not a matter of

opinion but of fact. The true Epirobia species have teeth consider-

ably like Holospira correllated with a hollow shell axis (as in

Holospira and Ccelocentrum'); and here belong apiostoma, polygyra,

polygyrellit, and, perhaps, some others. Other continental species,

such as bourguignatiana, morini, speluncce, subtilis, have the entirely

different dentition of the slender Antillean species of Cylindrella,

such as those of the Caribbean Islands, correllated with a, solid shell

axis, and unquestionably belong to a widely different genus.

The only species left in " Cylindrella" by von Martens is C

bourguignatiana Ancey, of which he says " unknown to me," cur-

iously forgetting to cite the figures of it published in 1891, although

the paper which these figures illustrate is freely quoted in the earlier

parts of the Biologia. Want of inclination as well as lack of space

forbids allusion to numerous other infelicities in the text ; and it is a

pleasure to say that the plates are superb examples of lithography.

It cannot but be a matter of serious regret to conchologists inter-

ested in Mexican and Central American land snails that the later

parts of this great work fail to sustain the high standard of the earlier,

and that they fall short of what all have learned to expect from

their brilliant and eminent author. — H. A. P.

ON THE ANATOMY OF Apera Burnupi, E. A. SMITH, by Walter

E. Collinge, (Ann. Mag. N. H., Aug., 1 897). The detailed anatomy

of this South African Testacelloid slug is prefaced by a resume of

the history of the genus, which was originally established by Bin-

ney under the preoccupied name Chlamydophorus. The pedal (sub-

oral) gland, as usual in Agnatha, is very large. The genital system

is rather simple, with very short vas deferens hardly differentiated

from the slender penis, and the spermatheca is large and of peculiar

form. The genus is held to be nearer to Testacella than to Schizo-

glossa of the Rhytididse ; but while this is probably correct, it is

difficult to form an estimate of its affinities without some knowledge

of the muscular system, kidney, etc.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XII. JUNE, 1898. No. 2.

A LIST OF LAND AND FRESH WATER SHELLS OF ENGANIO WITH

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

BY JOHN B. HENDERSON, JR.

The shells forming the subject of this paper were collected in the

Island of Enganio by Mr. William Doherty, by whom they were

sent to Mr. Aldrich, of Birmingham, Ala. Enganio, or Pulo Telan-

jang, is a small island surrounded by deep sea, off the southwest

coast of Sumatra, about one hundred miles west of Benkoelen. Mr.

Doherty has published in the "Asiatic Journal " of Bengal, 1886,

his observations upon this island. From geological features and

the faunal relations of the birds and insects collected, he concludes

that Enganio forms a continuation of a submerged mountain chain,

isolated peaks of which constitute the present Nias group. He finds

the fauna of Enganio to be more closely related to that of the Anda-

mans and the Nicobars than to that of Sumatra, and also to possess

decided Javau affinities. He finds other evidence of the long isola-

tion of this island from either the mainland or neighboring islands.

A study of these shells tends to confirm the correctness of hia views.

The land and fresh water mollusks of Perak, and, in general, of the

entire Malay Peninsula, bear a striking resemblance to those of

Enganio. I have been unable to learn anything about the inollus-

can fauna of the Nias group, which, if known, would probably furn-

ish additional evidence of the one-time closer connection of Java

and the mainland through Enganio, the Nias group, the Nicobara

and the Andamans. As will be seen, several of the species herein

enumerated are identical with Javan forms, and others strongly

14 THE NAUTILUS.

suggest Andaman and sometimes Indian species. None may be

directly referred to any Sumatra species. These species of Enganio

and Sumatra that do most resemble one another are widely distribu-

ted throughout the Malayan province, yet none of them are identi-

cal. It should be admitted, however, that the Sumatran land shells

are less perfectly known than those of either Java or the mainland,

and it is possible that a more thorough conchological exploration of

the island might disprove the conclusion that Enganio bears to it so

distant a relation.

1. Melania (Melanoides) herculea Gld. var. PI. 2, fig. 6.

This species with variabilis Bens., episcopalis Lea, of India ; julieni

Desh., chaperi, perakensis from the Malay peninsula; bocceana Brot.

from Sumatra ; varicosa and infracostata from Java, etc., constitute a

natural group of allied forms admitting a considerable range of speci-

fic variation. Many of the more recently published species of this

group, will, I believe, be found to be no more than local varieties of

Benson's well known Melania variabilis. Dr. Brot suggests the

identity of M. herculea and M. variabilis, which, if correct, will re-

duce the former to varietal rank ; nevertheless I have thought it

best to refer these specimens to herculea as they agree almost per-

fectly with authentic examples in the National Museum. In the

Enganio shells the whorls are slightly less rounded than in the

typical form, and the number of heavy longitudinal ribs is some-

what greater (16 to 20). The inside of the aperture is bluish-white

with two purplish-brown revolving color bands to be seen upon the

outside of the shell only in young specimens.

2. Melania (Melanoides} badia n. -. PL 2, fig. 7.

Shell heavy, strong. Whorls 14 to 15, excavated below the

suture, the first 3 or 4 generally lost ; remaining upper whorls

decorated with sharp longitudinal riblets which are crossed just

above the suture by a series of four revolving strise. The balance

of the shell is perfectly smooth, no trace of other than faint growth

lines being visible under the glass. The median whorls of the spire

are ornamented with a revolving row of spots, or broken line, of

dark chestnut. Suture simple ; below the suture a zone of some-

what lighter color on the last three whorls. Aperture small,

widened below, pointed above, outer lip simple, columella callous.

Bluish within, a rich chestnut without. Height 40, diam. 12£ mm.

The main characters of this shell are — (a) its solidity, (b) costate

upper whorls, (c) smooth lower whorls, (d) interrupted line of dark

THE NAUTILUS. 15

chestnut along the upper middle whorls just below the suture. In

most specimens the first three or four whorls are broken off, leaving

only about two that show the sharp costulation.

3. Melania hastula Lea.

One young specimen, apparently referable to this species.

4. Neritina zigzag Lam.

5. Neritina cornea L.

6. Neritina turrita Chemn.

All of these have a wide distribution throughout the East Indies.

7. Melampus fasciatus Desh.

Color pattern very variable. A variety, "javanica," occurs in

Java (Mousson, p. 46).

8. Pythia striata Reeve.

This agrees more perfectly with the mainland form than with the

Javan P. pyramidata, yet for geographical reasons it may be likely

that this is a localized variety of the latter. The two species seem

to be very close.

9. Cassidula mustellina Desh.

Quoted from the Philippines to Java.

10. Amphidromus enganoensis Fulton. Ann. and Mag., series 6, Vol. 17, p. 71.

11. Trochomorpha Hartmani Pfr.

Originally described from Java. The largest of three specimens

collected measures: height 1T5, greater diam. 35, lesser diara. 29

mm.

12. Planispira Aldrichi n. s. PI. 2, figs. 4, 5.

Shell depressed, deeply umbilicate, low conic above, rounded be-

neath; acutely carinated at periphery. Whorls 4£, the last not

descending, excavated above and below the keel. Aperture some-

what oblique, subtriangular. Lip simple above, expanded below,

basal lip reflexed partly over the umbilicus. Ends of lip connected

by a faint callous. Sutures not impressed. Light chestnut brown,

a darker space above and below the keel and above the sutures.

Sculpture of faint wrinkles of growth, covered with very faint, re-

volving strife below the keel ; under the glass showing a minutely

pitted-granular surface, the granulation more pronounced below the

keel.

Alt. 15, greater diam. 28, lesser diam. 23 mm.

16 THE NAUTILUS.

The nearest neighbor is Planispira trochalia Benson, from the

Andaruans, from which, however, it is very distinct. This species

would probably fall within the subgenus Trachia, even though its

last whorl is not descending. The pitted surface indicates the pres-

ence of hairs in young specimens — a special character of this group.

13. Macrochlamys Dohertyi n. s. PI. 2, figs. S, 9.

Shell perforate, depressed, nearly planulate above, thin, shining;

excavated about the umbilical region. Whorls 4*, convex, exca-

vated at the sutures. Aperture lunate-circular. Lip simple,

slightly reflected over the umbilical perforation. Growth lines

strong below the suture, becoming faint on the periphery, a trace of

faint revolving strife on the base.

Alt. 6, maj. diam. 13$, ruin. diam. 11 mm.

Spire more depressed than in M. amboinensis Mart., var. perforata

Bttg. (Java) and umbilicus smaller. Resembles also M. malaccana

Pfr. (Sumatra), but has more impressed sutures.

14. Helicarion albellus Mart. var.

I refer this doubtfully to albellus, which has a somewhat shorter

spire. Probably a localized variety of the Javan species.

«

15. Glessula ?

Specimen too poor for satisfactory identification.

16. Prosopeas argentea n. s. PI. 2, fig. 10.

Whorls fully 8, slightly convex. Apex obtuse. Sutures well

impressed. Aperture oblique, elongate, pointed above, dilated in

the middle, narrow below. Lip sharp and thin ; columella slightly

arcuate ; ends of lip connected by an exceedingly thin shining cal-

lous. Growth lines closely crowded, strong and roughened. First

or apical whorls regularly costulate. Color shining silvery white,

becoming yellowish toward the base. Height 23, diam. 6 mm.

The Stenogyras are widely distributed throughout the Malayan

province, being represented in all the islands by more or less closely

allied species.. This resembles Opeas acutissima Bttg. ( 0. hastatus

Bttg.), of Java, in color and sculpture, but is less slender and has

fewer whorls. It is a much larger shell than 0. achatinacea Pft\,

of Java. It differs from Opeas paroensis Bock, of Sumatra, in being

a larger shell with a smaller apex. Stenogyra echelensis de Morg.

of Perak, bears a strong resemblance to this Enganio form.

VOL. XII.

•<• ' . J» "*** •*»• •l**f

PLATE II.

9

10

HENDERSON— ENGANIO MOLLUSKS.

THE NAUTILUS. 17

17. Lagochilus ciliferus Mousson.

The typical form (Javan) is somewhat carinated, but this does

not seem to be a persistent character. These bear scarcely a trace

of carination.

18. Leptopoma vitreum Less.

Slightly heavier than typical.

19. Crossopoma enganoense n. s. PI. 2, figs. 1, 2, 3.

Shell much depressed. Whorls 5£, well rounded. Sutures

channeled, the channel being partially covered by succeeding whorl

below. Aperture oblique, scarcely descending, round. Peristome

double, the outer border expanding above into a sutural fold,

slightly descending and sinuate, reflected below. Inner peristome

deeply notched above, elsewhere continuous and almost exactly

round. Umbilicus wide, showing all the whorls. Growth lines

prominent. Sometimes a series of heavy cord-like spiral lines on

last whorl. Light yellowish-brown above, mottled with irregular

patches of dark chestnut; a white band at periphery ; a dark chest-

nut band below this of more or less solid color ; base light chestnut

with a wide, white (denuded) band within the umbilicus. Operculum

horny 4. nearly flat, multispiral, edges slightly raised and bevelled,

nucleus central, slightly concave below.

Alt. 15, greater diam. 30, lesser diam. 24 mm.

The color pattern is somewhat variable, though following in gen-

eral that of the type. In many specimens the sutural canal is en-

tirely covered. It bears a strong superficial resemblance to Crosso~

poma planorbulum Lam. (Sumatra), but differs in being higher,

more deeply umbilicated, and in the notched inner peristome. It

differs also from Pterocyclus sluiteri Btg. (Java), in its higher spire,

less oblique aperture, less developed wing on outer peristome and

more pronounced notch upon the inner peristome as well as in the

general color pattern. The operculum of this shell is rather that of

Cyclophorus than of Pterocyclus, but its shell characters are essen-

tially of the latter. It is a third species of von Marten's genus

Crossopoma, based upon the crenate or toothed edges of the outer

lamella of the operculum.

20. Helicina ?

I am unable to refer this to any known species.

21. Truncatella ceylonica Pfr.

A widely distributed shell.

18 THE NAUTILUS.

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENITAL ORGANS OF UNIONID2E,

WITH REFERENCE TO CLASSIFICATION.1

BY DR. V. STERKI.

The classification of the Unionidse is undergoing considerable

changes, owing to a closer study of their anatomy, and we are await-

ing Mr. Simpson's publication with considerable interest. In the

meantime a few observations made on many of our species, espe-

cially from the Ohio river drainage, may be worth communicating.

1. The difference in the season of maturing ova and sperma, and

discharging the young, in the different groups, has been confirmed

by the examination of thousands of specimens from different waters.

In Lampsilis2, the ova and sperma are matured, and the former trans-

ferred to the branchiae, during summer. The young are mature in

fall, and a part of them discharged during October and November,

but most of them are retained until spring. Some of the branchial

sacks, single, or in groups of several, were found empty before win-

ter, e. g. in L. alatus and subovatus, and the same was found early

in spring ; but in most species, the marsupium was still fully charged

at that time. Very probably the time of spawning, as it has been

called, depends, to a certain degree, on the weather and the temper-

ature of the water. It would be of value to make such observations

in the south, and also on the Great Lakes.

Quite different it is with the other Uniones, with a few exceptions.

Their branchiae are invariably found empty during fall, winter and

early spring, while the ovaries are charged with ova and the testes

with mature sperma. Their season of charging the branchiae, bring-

ing the young to maturity and dismissing them, is in the summer,

and naturally lasts a considerably shorter time than in Lampsilis

and the other winter breeders.

This discrepancy in the season of propagating, in connection with

the different types of the uterus sacks, and the characters of the

shell, I consider very significant and pointing at a different phylo-

genetic origin of the several groups. They probably originated at

different geological ages and under different climatic conditions.

In many species, the ovaries and testes were seen beginning

renewed activity while the young were still in the branchiae, and

this is probably so in general.

the articles of Mr. C. T. Simpson in Am. Naturalist, April, 1895 and

the NAUTILUS XI, p. 19, and by the writer, the NAUTILUS IX, p 91.

3 A well characterized and well defined genus.

THE NAUTILUS. 19

Sometimes mature, or apparently mature glochidia and quite un-

developed ova are found mixed up in the branchial sacks. Whether

the latter will develop into embryones later, or remained unchanged

for want of impregnation, remains to be studied up.

2. Branchial sacks, or uteri. On Lampsilis, the branchial sacks

are differentiated even when not charged with ova or young. They

are situated in the posterior part of the outer branchia, in a group,

the marsupium, which, when charged, is very considerably enlarged,

often exceeding half the length of the shell, and crowding away the

unchanged anterior and posterior parts of the branchiae. It has

already been said that the number of sacks is, to a certain degree,

characteristic for each species, yet rather variable even in individ-

uals of the same size, and it is also hardly ever the same on the two

sides. In the young, there are only a few, and their number is

increasing with the age of the auimal. They are also not all of the

same size, and each one may occupy a smaller or greater number of

branchial filaments.

In younger animals, there are always a number of small, empty

sacks adjacent to the gravid ones, preformed to be charged in the

following year.

The shape of the uterus sacks in U. irroratus Lea is known from

the author's description and figure. There is considerable variation

in their numbers. Of three specimens from the same place, all

medium sized, one had seven sacks on one side, four on the other,

the second had eleven and ten, the third, ten and eight. At the

proximal ends there were exclusively ova ; at some distance, those

in the periphery had transformed into glochidia, and at the distal

ends the latter were in excess, while a great number of ova had still

remained unchanged. In accordance with this, the flesh color was

much more intense at the proximal than at the distal ends, as the

ova are colored, the young colorless.3 The ova are packed closely

together and coherent by some intermediate substance, so that the

whole worm-like cylinder can be extracted in toto from the enclos-

ing membrane.

The young, in the uterus, show marked differences from those of

all other species seen, as to soft parts and shell. The latter is con-

siderably longer than high and has numerous distinct, crowded, con-

centric lines of growth. Its length is O21, alt. 0'17, diam. 0'14 mill-

imeters.

* In one specimen, the ova, and so the whole cylinders, were colorless, a rare

exception.

20 THE NAUTILUS.

In cornutus Bar., the sacks are also permanently differentiated,

about six or seven on each side, near the middle of the outer

branchiae, and considerably projecting over their edges, much as in

irroratiis. But while the latter were found gravid in fall, the few

cornutus seen, had the marsupia empty at that time, (late in Octo-

ber) ; the ovaries were filled with ova and the testes with sperma.

More observations are necessary.

U. phaseolus is so different from all other species and groups that

Simpson and Wetherby are certainly right in regarding it as the

representative of a distinct genus. The outer branchiae, in their

whole extent, are permanently differentiated, much less high than

the inner ones, and with a brownish edge. Thin and even while

barren, they are much larger when gravid, and heavily, somewhat

irregularly plaited, the folds being caused by the considerable increase

of the length of the branchiae. The sacks are very numerous ; in a

large specimen, 283 were counted on one side. Each one is formed

by a thin, translucent, yet rather strong and somewhat rigid mem-

brane, enclosing the ova, or the young, loosely inserted in the sub-

stance of the branchiae, with a projecting, half-globular head. It.

can easily be extracted, and, when the young are mature, probably,

is expelled in toto.

The young, although in the shape of the shell not much different

from other species, shows marked peculiarities of the soft parts.

The uteri were found charged from July, or August to April, in

numerous specimens. More exact data must still be obtained.

Most of the remaining species of the old genus Unio show no

differentiation of the branchiae or parts of them which are destined

to lodge the ova and the young animals. The outer branchiae, in

adult specimens, are charged in their whole extent, and often4 also

the inner pair; while gravid, they show only a general bulging,

but no differentiated or prominent parts, and after the young are

discharged, they are in no way different from "common" gills,

except a somewhat ragged margin now and then in old specimens.

Of a number of species, those cited by Lea, and some others, we

know that also their inner branchiae were found charged, but we do

not know whether this is constantly so or not, and whether in all

species it may be found occasionally. This uncertainty is partly

* In the writer's article, 1. c., p. 91 there is a sad, unintentional lapsus, and

cited by Mr. Simpson (1. c. ), about this point; the correction will be found

in the above.

THE NAUTILUS. 21

due to external causes ; probably nine-tenths, or more, of all collect-

ing has been done during late summer and fall, since in spring and

early summer the water is usually high, muddy and cold, and col-

lecting is difficult, and in many places almost impossible. Now it

is necessary that we overcome those difficulties and secure large

numbers of muscles just in the time when the Lampsilis discharge

their young and those under consideration become gravid.

( To be continued.}

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW HELIX.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

Helix disparilis Ancey. (PI. I, fig. 13).

Testa imperforata, leuticularis, solidula, subnitida, carinata, su-

perne et infra subtus cariuam Itetefulva et rnaculis strigisque virenti

luteis irregulariter conspersa. circa regionem umbilicarem luteo-

virens, concolor. Spira depresso-fornicata, convexa, valde obtusa.

Anfractus 5, regulariter crescentes, perparum convexi, sutura liueari

et superficial! discreti ; embryonales kevigati, concolores, sequentes

oblique striatuli, ultimus lineis impressis spiralibus confertisque, sub-

tus pnesertim perspicuis striatus, sequaliter utriuque convexus, carina

acuta mediana insiguis, antice lenissime vixque deflexus, in umbilici

loco impressus. Apertura perobliqua, diagonalis, securiformis,

fauce pallidula, marginibus distantibus, callo tenui ad insertionem

subincrassato junctis, supero antice rotundatim producto, declivi,

obtusato, basali elliptico, subincrassato. Peristoma haud, nisi infra

carinam expansiusculum.

Diam. max. 17?, min. 14?, alt. 7? mill.

Locality unknown.

This is a very ambiguous and highly interesting shell. It is un-

known to Mr. E. A. Smith of the British Museum, to whom it was

submitted by Mr. John Ponsonby, of London. Its color is very

striking, reminding one of that of Helix parilis Rang, while the

form is nearly that of Helix Josephines, but it has no teeth on the

peristome and the sculpture is peculiar. Notwithstanding its external

facies, I however think the true affinities of this remarkable species

are with Dendrotrochus Pilsbry, such as D. Cleryi, Eva, etc., and

Mr. Ponsonby shares my opinion. The absence of locality is un-

fortunate, as it would, perhaps, enable us to guess to what group it

might belong.

^>^

/& -' y&^& \C\

22 THE NAUTILUS.

The type has been in my collection for about 20 years ; it is very

perfect. A similar, but partially broken example, is in my father's

hands. I never saw others.

NOTICES OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN LAND

SHELLS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

The following forms were included by name in the recently pub-

lished catalogue of American Land Shells, but have not hitherto

been described.

Epiphragmophora arrosa var. expansilabris n. v.

Compact and globose-turbinate, imperforate or nearly so, wrinkle

striate, malleated in places ; band above periphery broad and dark ;

spire conic, whorls 5f ; lip very broadly expanded, reflexed below,

thickened within, white. Alt. 19-20, diam. 23-25 mm.

Near Eureka, Humboldt Co., California. The specimens de-

scribed were received from Mr. Fred L. Button. The band is some-

times wanting.

Epiphragmophora tudiculata var. umbilicata n. v.

Shell sruoothish, the malleation weak or subobsolete ; umbilicus

widely open. Alt. 16s, diam. 27, width of umbilicus 3 mm., or

smaller with similar proportions.

San Luis Obispo Co., California. Types were presented to the

Academy by Mr. John Ford.

Polygyra lawse var. tallulahensis n. var.

Very small, shaped like P. jejuna Say, the peristome expanded,

subreflexed, thickened within, no teeth or lamellae; umbilicus

minute. Whorls 4£, the last with a slight ridge or crest and then

a wide groove behind the peristome, slightly descending in front.

Surface nearly lusterless, with faint growth lines and sparse, sub-

obsolete spiral striae. Alt. 3£, diam. 5£ mm.

Tallulah Falls, Georgia.

This is apparently the toothless form mentioned in Man. Ame'r.

Land Shells, p. 317.

Polygyra tridentata var. complanata n. var.

Shell large, depressed and glossy, with weak striation ; whorls 6,

umbilicus rapidly expanding in the last whorl, between | and & the

THE NAUTILUS. 23

diameter of shell ; lip teeth of aperture typical in position, but very

small, almost obsolete. Alt. 10, diam. 23 mm.

Burnside, Ky. (James H. Ferris). Types No. 71,399 coll. A. N.

S. P.

Macrooeramus texanus n. sp.

Shell resembling M. Gossei of Jamaica, but constantly stouter,

decidedly less attenuated above. Sculpture of thread-like oblique

stria?, finer and closer; sutural crenulation more irregular on the

lower whorls, and disposed to be subobsolete. Whorls 9* to 10*.

Alt. 10z, diam. of penultimate whorl 3J mm.

Alt. 8f, diam. of penultimate whorl 3j mm.

New Braunfels, Comal Co., Texas.

Macroceramus floridanus n. sp.

Shell resembling M. Gossei somewhat, but smaller, very much

more finely and closely striated, the sutural denticles less pro-

nounced, mainly formed by the confluence of three or several striae

(instead of one or two, as in Gossei) ; striation of the spire finer

than in M. texanus. Whorls 9 to 9£. Alt. 7i to 8, diam. of penul-

timate whorl 3 mm.

Little Sarasota Bay, Florida.

A comparison with good series of the true M. Gossei Pfr. from

Jamaica, the type locality, with Beries from Florida and Texas,

shows that there are certain readily observable differences. The

Jamaican shell is more coarsely and distantly striated than any

Continental specimens ; the denticles at the suture are formed by

single striae or the confluence of two, and the shell is more con-

spicuously variegated than the generality of Floridan or Texan

specimens. If fig. 458 of the " Manual of American Land Shells "

was drawn from a Continental shell, or from the Jamaican M.

Gossei, it is incorrect in showing all the striae simple at the sutures.

That figure, however, is probably incorrectly drawn. M. Gossei

var. arctispira Aric. from Utilla Island, Honduras, is apparently a

small race of M. concisus Morelet, a common species in Yucatan.

NOTES AND NEWS.

ERRATUM. — Correct the following in February NAUTILUS, p. 113,

2d line from foot of page for " in the valve " read " in the left

valve."

24 THE NAUTILUS.

CONCHOLOGY IN THE KLONDYKE. — The following extract from a

letter just received from Mr. P. B. Randolph, of Seattle, Wash.,

who is now in the Klondyke, may be of interest to readers of the

NAUTILUS. Mr. Randolph left Seattle on July 31st of last year,

and was 28 days in reaching Dawson City. He writes : " On my

way in I collected a number of the smaller land and fresh water

shells of the coast region at Dyea, on the ocean side of the mount-

ains, and at Lake Linderman on the Yukon water shed. They

consisted, on the Dyea side, of Paiula pauper, Conulus fulrus, Ver-

tigo ovata (?) ; on Lake Linderman of the same with Vitrina sp.,

Limmm two species and Valvata sincera(7).

" At Duncan's Island, on the trip up, I collected a number of

Selenites Vancouver ensis and Mesodon townsendiana. I found two

dead shells here (Dawsou City) of Succinea sp., and hope to find

specimens when the snow melts, though the fires ran through this

country last year completely destroying the undergrowth and moss."

— Geo. H. Clapp.

Sometime ago Mrs. Mary P. Gluey of Spokane, Washington, sent

to me a small lot of Pyramidula strigosa Gld. and young taken from

the oviducts of some found in Rathdrum, Idaho. In reply to my

inquiry about them she writes : " I had cleaned several hundred

strigosa and never found but one specimen with young, until a lot

of fifty from which these came, and which contained from 6 to 15

each. — S. Raymond Roberts.

A specimen of Unio complanatus Sol. (dead shell, but good and

rather large), has recently been found at New Philadelphia, Ohio,

in a mill race on the Tuscarawas River, Ohio River drainage.

Probably the species has spread from Lake Erie by way of the Ohio

Canal over the divide. — Dr. V. Sterki.

LIST OF A COLLECTION OF SHELLS FROM THE GULF OF ADEN,

by W. H. Dall (Field Columbian Museum Pub., No. 26). A brief

list of shells collected by the well known ornithologist D. G. Elliot.

There are numerous typographical errors such as Nerita " albicola,"

Trochus " saya," Turritella "torutosa," etc., etc., and two Olivas are

put in the Trochidce. The value of the list hardly warrants the pre-

tentious style of publication, but as it was published, it would have

been better had the proof been submitted to the author for cor-

rection, for, of course, the blunders are not Dall's.

THE NAUTILUS.

RARY

VOL. XII.

JULY, 1898.

No. 3.

A NEW JAMAICAN LAND SHELL.

BY J. B. HENDERSON, JR.

Eavenia Holland! n. s.

I ni perforate, rather thin, subtranslucent, pale horn color. Whorls

10, well-rounded, sutures impressed ; from 30 to 35 somewhat strongly

developed longitudinal waving ribs upon each whorl,

except upon the two apical which are perfectly

smooth. Apex obtuse. Aperture ear shaped, much

narrowed in the middle, suggestive of the figure 8.

Columella strongly twisted like the letter "S,"and

thickened. Outer lip slightly pinched in the middle

where it is armed with a prominent tooth. Alt. 9 mm.

"Jamaica," Dr. W. J. Holland.

The genus Eavenia was created in 1873 by Crosse

(Journal de Conch., Vol. 21, p. 69) to include a

single species from Curacoa, jR. blandi (do. Vol. 22,

pi. 2, fig. 4). The author remarks that the form

is an eccentric one "between Spimxis and Pupa."

Tryou, in St. and Syst. Conch. (Pt. 3, p. 18), in-

cludes the genus within the Streptaxidce. The exact

position of this curious genus is doubtful, and,

without a knowledge of the anatomy, cannot definitely be placed.

It is not unlikely, however, that it will fall within the Stenogyridce,

probably next to Spit-axis. The character of the constriction in the

centre of the outer lip is common to Spiraxis, and is sometimes to be

observed in Varicella, the Jamaican section of Glandina. There

26 THE NAUTILUS.

are one or two of the rarer species of Spiraxis described by Adams

that are suggestive of Ravenia. An examination of the types of

these may necessitate their removal from Spiraxis.

Note. — I am inclined to believe that the relation between the

Jamaican Glandinas and the various genera of Stenogyra found ia

the same island is much closer than supposed. Often the dividing

line between Ope as, Subulina and Varicella is annoyingly close. It

is to be regretted that a comparative anatomical study of the Glan-

dina and Stenogyra in Jamaica has never been made.

LAND SHELLS OF GTJN CAY, BAHAMAS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Gun Cay is a tiny islet on the extreme western border of the

Bahama group. It is low, with very scant vegetation — " a few

scattered specimens of cactus, wild grapes, wild geraniums and ver-

bena " — with the usual Bahaman shore plants. There is a light-

house, but no settlement.

Dr. Wm. H. Rush, U. S. N., some years ago collected there the

following species :

1. Ctenopoma bahamense Shuttl. ? One very young specimen.

2. Cepolis (Hemitrochus^) sp. (young ; rib-striate, like C.filicosta

Pfr.).

3. Thysanophora vortex Pfr.

4. Cerion incanum Biuney. Basal volution more distinctly cos-

tate than in Key West examples.

5. Cerion Pillsburyi Pilsbry & Vanatta.1 A new form resembling

C. regina, but with narrow umbilical area. It is named at the re-

quest of Dr. Rush, in honor of Lieutenant-Commander John Elliott

Pillsbury, of the U. S. Coast Survey steamer " Blake."

6. Cerion glans Kiister, var.

The only previous record from this islet is in Bull. Mus. Comp.

Zool., vol. xxv, no. 9, p. 119, 1894, where Dall enumerates three spe-

cies collected by Prof. A. Agassiz : Cerion cinereum, C. pannosum

and Cepolis (Hemitrochus') Troscheli. The young Hernitrochus

taken by Dr. Rush may be an immature Troscheli, but it is more

strongly ribbed than usual in that species.

described in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1897, p. 366.

THE NAUTILUS. 27

C. pannosum is a species of Little Cayman, south of Cuba, and as

none of the Cayman species have been known to occur in the Ba-

hamas, it is not unlikely that the identification might be modified

on further comparison of good specimens; I think it likely that the

form described as C. Pillsburyi is what was identified as pannosum,

which it somewhat resembles. C. cinereum of Maynard is the typi-

cal C. glans Kiister of New Providence, so that this corresponds with

what Dr. Rush collected.

At all events, it appears that at least six or seven species of land

shells inhabit Gun Cay.

^

w

Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5.

Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, Cerion Fordii Pilsbry and Vanatta ; Fig. 5, Orion Pills*

buryi P. & V., the latter from Gun Cay.

A NEW SPECIES OF CERES FROM MEXICO.

BY W. H. BALL.

Ceres Nelsoni n. sp.

Shell large, depressed, with a sharp, somewhat upturned keel over

which the inner edge of succeeding whorls is laid ; color from pale

lemon-yellow to deep orange, the umbilical region polished, translu-

cent and always pale lemon-yellow ; whorls seven, the nucleus pol-

ished, smooth, translucent, slightly prominent, of a whorl and a half;

succeeding whorls flattened above, with an appressed suture, with

low, fine raised threads in harmony with the incremental lines tend-

ing to break up into granules, which, with the growth of the shell,

gradually come to take on a centrifugal direction, and, in the adult,

near the aperture, have a trend nearly at right angles to the lines of

growth ; on the base the rugosities have a more punctate or vermi-

28 THE NAUTILUS.

cular aspect, and in the young are much obscured by the polish of

the base of the shell ; base rounded moderately, about as much as

the spire, slightly depressed, with a very thin, brilliantly polished

callus near the axis ; aperture with the upper lip projecting consid-

erably beyond the lower one, moderately thickened and rounded,

overrunning the keel at the inner corner where there is a narrow,

sharp sulcus, of which the termination in fully adult shells makes a

a decided notch in the edge of the lip ; lower lip receding, flexuous

slightly thickened ; throat with three basal, one axial and two par-

ietal, strong, subequal, spiral laminee, much as in C. salleana, the

pillar very short, rendered flexuous by the end of the keel ; the in-

ternal walls of the preceding whorls and most of the axis, absorbed.

Lat. of base (major) 30, (minor) 26, alt. 11 mm.

Habitat, Pilitla, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. W. Nelson.

This is the finest species of the genus, more evenly divided by the

keel, more depressed, and larger than C. salleana or C. eolina, the

only species hitherto known.

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENITAL OEGANS OF UNIONIDJE,

WITH REFERENCE TO CLASSIFICATION.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

(Concluded^)

" Margaritana." Considerable changes will be necessary about

those species hitherto ranged under this genus, and some evidently

related forms, e. g. Unio pressus Lea and Anod. edentula Say. The

latter two species seem to stand near Marg. truncata, rugosa and

complanata. In all of them, the soft parts are of rather the same

appearance, and especially so are the branchiae, of which the outer

are gravid, in almost their whole extent, from fall to spring. U.

presses, Marg. rugosa and A. edentula were found with the posterior

halves of the branchiae empty — evidently just emptied, the anterior

part still filled with young, in spring. Some of them were seen with

the branchiae empty, the gonads charged, in July.

In edentula, the young are arranged in a singular way, apparently

different from others. There are small, cylindrical, worm-like, whit-

ish masses, of about one mill, diameter, lying transversely in the

brauchise, closely packed together. In them, the young are located,

six to ten or more in each one, in single or double file, each one in

THE NAUTILUS. 29

an isolated cavity, which is evidently corresponding with, and de-

scendant from an ovum. These cylinders seem to be not homologous

with the "sacks" in Lampsilis and other groups, and may properly

be called placentae. When removed from the branchiae and sur-

rounded by water, they swell up, at the same time becoming more

translucent, and each embryo is dislodged from its cavity, evidently

expelled by the swelling of the surrounding substance, and the exit

facilitated by its softening. But each one is still hanging on the

cylinder, held by a short byssus thread, whose proximal end is

attached to the soft parts of the young, the distal to the inner lining

of the ovum cavity. Very probably these placentae are discharged

as such by the parent, with the young first enclosed, and then

attached for some time.

In the other species named above, the ai-rangement is rather

similar; the young are attached to and held together by filaments

which seem to be homologous with the placentae of edentula. And

the same byssus has been seen in the young of marginata, coiled up

at the distal end.

The embryonic young of these species as well known, are all of

the same type, i. e. pointed below and strongly " hooked," quite

different from those of other groups, a very significant character.

The shells of the adult show some common features, and their nacre

is of rather the same appearance. All these qualities combined seem

to prove that the several species under consideration, with some

nearly related forms, constitute a rather well characterized genus.

That the hinge of edentula is still more rudimentary than that of

most of the others, can be no valid argument to the contrary, and

also the more developed placentae are, in my opinion, of secondary

significance.

3. Gonad and gravid branchice in the young and old; Parasite.—

It has already been stated that in young individuals, two, three, or

possibly four years old, the gonads are not yet developed at all, and

at that period the shells show no distinction of sexes, even in Lamp-

silis. The animals seem to be asexual and, in this respect may be

regarded as larvae. There are very few animals, of higher or lower

order, showing this peculiarity in their apparently definite state,

except possibly some of their congeners, marine Pelecypods. When

the gonads commence growing, there are at first few acini developed,

producing small quantities of either ova or sperma. It is a ques-

tion, however, whether at that juvenile age the future sex of an in

30 THE NAUTILUS.

dividual be already established in some way, or becomes so only

with the development of the gonad.

On the other hand, in very old specimens, the ovaries and testes

seem to become atrophied, and lose their capacity of producing

ova and sperma, respectively. There is a mass of fibrous, connec-

tive tissue, while the glandular elements are considerably diminished

or entirely lost.

Yet it must be mentioned here that there is another cause of that

degeneration. In the ovaries and testes of many species and differ-

ent genera, from the Ohio and Tuscarawas Rivers, the Ohio canal,

and other places, I have found a singular, polymorphous, worm-like

parasite, of microscopic size and low organization, sometimes in im-

mense numbers. It is very common, in old and middle-aged spec-

imens, and wherever it occurs, the products of the gonad are con-

siderably diminished or entirely suppressed. Details will be found

in another place.

It has been stated that in young Lampsilis the number of sacks in

the marsupium is considerably smaller than in older ones. In the

younger specimens of most other groups only a small area of the

outer branchia3 may be charged, and slightly so, usually about the

middle. The same is found in phaseolus. One specimen, 62 mill,

long, had 12 sacks on one side, 38 on the other ; all of them were

quite small, but of rather unequal sizes.

4. Hermaphroditism, etc.— It has been asserted, by different writers,

partly long ago, that some, if not all, of the Unionida? are herma-

phroditic, as some other groups of Pelecypods are. From my own

observations I can say that it is found occasionally, rather an ex-

ception than the rule, in the large majority of our species. In a

number of specimens, ova and sperma were found in the same gonad,

but usually one product was greatly in excess of the other. Very

probably it has been overlooked in many instances, as there maybe

only a few acini producing sperma in an " ovary," or vice versa. It

takes a very keen eye to see that unaided, and to look over every

parcel of a large gonad, requires an undue amount of time, when

scores and hundreds of specimens are to be examined. > And so it

would be with microscopic examination, either by looking over

samples from all parts of the gonad, or by section series on hardened

specimens. Yet the question should be studied carefully, especially

as to Anod. imbecillis and some other species. That would be a task

for persons having a good deal of time at their disposal.

THE NAUTILUS. 31

One specimen of U. rubiyiitosus Lea, (Ohio Canal, May) had a

few acini producing ova in the gonad charged with copious sperraa.

In that instance the distinction was easy, for the bright crimson

color of the ova. Among 120 specimens of U. pt/ramidatus, from

the Ohio River, collected late in September, two were found contain-

ing ova and sperma in the same gonads. Of U. parviis Barnes one

specimen had a good quantity of sperma beside ova in abundance.

This case especially needs revision. Among a limited num-ber of

Anod. imbecillis four specimens (Ohio Canal, May) were found with

ova and sperma in various proportions.

The question whether such individuals are capable of self-im-

pregnation, might be decided by experiment on such species where

hermaphroditism is frequent.

It has also been said that a total change of the sexes may take

place in an individual, and that question also could be settled only

by long continued observation and experiments. Or a large num-

ber of specimens might be marked in some way, in a pond or certain

place of a river or creek, and as many as can be found again, would

be controlled year after year. That, however, would be necessary

only for such forms in which the shells show no sexual differences.

While such a change is a priori improbable in all Uniones, it ap-

pears really absurd in regard to those forms in which the sexes are

established and manifested by permanent characters of the branchire,

and also the shells, as in Lampsilis and some others.

It may be mentioned here that, as to my knowledge, observations

on the question of possible ayamogenesis and parthenogenesis, in

Unionidce, have not been made. Carefully conducted experiments

might give interesting results in that direction. They would neces-

sarily be difficult, for the possibility of hermaphroditism and self-

impregnation, in every instance.

5. Sexual differences of the shells. — In Lampsilis, as well known,

the posterior inferior part in the female mussel is dilated to make

room for the marsupium, yet this dilatation is very various in kind

and degree. But the differences sometimes are in a certain measure

relative, owing to the nature of the habitat, and to inheritance. L.

luteolus, e. g., in certain localities, is so short and inflated that the

males may closely resemble the females froai other places where the

mussels are more slender.

In most other " Uniones," the differences are little marked. Yet,

in general, the females are more inflated than the males, as in

32 THE NAUTILUS.

undulatus, pustulosns, etc. In U. gibbosus the sexes may he rec-

ognized with a fair degree of probability by the more inflated shells

of the females.

A decided difference we find in U. verrucosus Raf. (tuberculatus

Barn.), where the older females are considerably elongated at the

posterior end, that part of the shell being rather even, without the

characteristic undulations and warty prominences. In younger,

though fecund specimens, that feature is yet little marked.

U. phaseolus shows no constant differences in the sutural shape of

the shell, but a decided one on the inner surface, in older speci-

mens. The female has, in each valve, a deep, oblique sulcus corre-

sponding with and leaving room for the gravid outer branchise.

In the female Marg. marginata the posterior end is directed

downward and more inflated (with a stronger umbonal ridge), and

the same can be said of " An." edentula, although it is less marked.

6. Numerical proportion of Sexes. — In most species, the number of

males is in excess over that of the females, often considerably. A

few examples may be cited. Of 50 specimens of L. subrostratus

Say, from a lake in Indiana, only about one-third were females, and

the same must be said of a lot of L. nasutus from Ohio. Here, as

in many species, the females were averaging considerably smaller.

Of 115 U. pyramidatus, from the Ohio River, 71 were males, and

of eight retusus, seven were males, the eighth was young with the

gonad undeveloped. It is a question whether this be the normal

condition or due to local causes, or an evidence of beginning de-

generation.

In concluding, it may be said that the time has come when new

species should be based not only upon the shells, but also the

soft parts, if such be obtainable.

New Philadelphia, Ohio, April, 1898.

A NEW UNIO.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

Unio villosus sp. nov.

Shell ovate-elliptical, somewhat inflated, smooth, very inequi-

lateral, bluntly rounded or subbiangular behind, subtruncate before,

umbonal slope uniformly rounded above, disappearing at the lower

margin. Substance of the shell moderately thin; very slightly

THE NAUTILUS. 33

thickened before. Ligament long, thin and reddish. Beaks prom-

inent and surrounded by coarse, oblique undulations, about four in

number and rather acute at summit. Epidermis fuscous, black and

deeply striate ; strong transmitted light shows a light-olive texture,

densely covered throughout with broad, greenish rays. Cardinal

teeth rather solid and deeply serrated. Lateral teeth long, slender,

straight, nearly smooth and extending to the posterior cardinal.

Posterior cicatrices scarcely visible ; anterior ones distinct. Beak

cavities slight and rounded. Nacre tinged with salmon under the

umbos, milky white anteriorly and of a bright blue and irridesceut

behind. Width, 2£ in., length 11 in., diam. I in.

Habitat. — Suwannee River, Suwannee County, Florida.

Type in National Museum.

Remarks. — This species seems to be related to both the ami/gdalum

and parvus groups, is readily distinguishable from any of its associates

by its remarkable width, beautiful rays and pointed, compressed

posterior. It reminds one most of U. minor Lea, with which it is

found, having the same dark, fuscous epidermis, and like that species

is disposed to be sub-truncate before, but the rays, light teeth, thinner

substance and greater size at once distinguish it. Some forms of U.

trossulus Lea approach it, but the beak sculpture, outline and teeth

are radically different, besides that species is never rough, but is

smooth, polished and yellowish when taken from the water; the

rays of the two species are quite similar, except that those of our

species are only visible by the aid of transmitted light.

KECENT PUBLICATIONS.

SYNOPSIS OF THE RECENT AND TERTIARY PSAMMOBIID.E OF

NORTH AMERICA, by W. H. Ball (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences of

Philadelphia, pages 57 to 62). The title of this paper gives some

idea of the ground covered by it. In the genus Psammobia a new

section Grammatomya, is made by Dr. Dall, and in the group

Sanguinolaria another one, Nuttallia is formed, with ftanguinolaria

Nuttallii Conrad as the type. Heterodonax has been removed from

the family Donacidre into this family. This will be gladly received

by collectors who have been sorely puzzled to find affinites in

Heterodonax bimaculata Lin. with Donax. Besides a full synonomy,

the geographical distribution of the species are given. By the way,

34 THE NAUTILUS.

Heterodonax bimaculata is not only collected at San Pedro all the

year round, but is reported as far north as Anacapa Id. — one of the

Channel Islands — off Ventura Co., California. Fossil species of

Psammobiidje of the Eocene, Miocene and Pliocene formations are

listed. A long list of shells that have been incorrectly named are

appended under the title " Synonyms and Corrections." Some idea

of the confusion which must have existed among some of the fossils

of this family may be inferred when we find no less than five names

have erroneously been bestowed upon Heterodonax bimaculata Liu.

Dr. Dall's revision will be especially valuable to conchologists on

the S. Atlantic and Pacific Coasts.— I/. B. W.

ON THE MODIFICATIONS OF THE APEX IN GASTROPOD MOL-

LUSKS, by Frank C. Baker, (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, 1897).

The apices of numerous species, including representatives of the

main families of Gastropoda are described and illustrated by three

plates of outline figures, drawn by the author. No considerable

departures from a simple form occurred except in the Rhachiglossa.

THE POST-PLIOCENE NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA OF ESSEX, by A.

S. Kennard and B. B. Woodward, (Essex Naturalist, X, 1897, pp.

87-109). This extensive paper apparently covers the subject in a

thorough manner. Individual variation in the Pleistocene was even

O

more marked than at the present day. The absence of Helix

pomatia furnishes additional proof of the theory that it is post-

Roman in its introduction into England ; but H. aspersa has been

recognized from pre-Romau deposits. Eulota fruticum (now extinct

in England) occurs ; and Oyclostoma elegans was more widely dif-

fused than at present. Some of the fossil species are more boreal in

the modern fauna ; however there are also some species more south-

ern in present distribution, so that a colder climate is not necessarily

to be predicated. Helicella caperata is the only species which has

increased in size since the Pleistocene, all the other forms having

certainly diminished. " There can be no doubt that the Pleistocene

molluscau fauna was in every way a finer one than that now exjst-

iug," a conclusion of considerable interest, agreeing as it does with

the mammalian fauna, which however has, of course, been affected

by human intervention. The comparative age of the several expos-

ures is fully discussed.

Another paper, " THE MOLLUSCA OF THE ENGLISH CAVE DEPOS-

ITS " by the same authors, appears in Journ. Malac. Soc. Lond.,

THE NAUTILUS. 35

Nov., 1897, supplements the preceding. " Hygromia urnbrosa Partsch

(from Ightham fissure) is by far the most noteworthy form, since it

has not been met with previously on this side of the channel. Its

present range is southern Germany, Bohemia, Switzerland, etc., and

according to Morch, near Holstenburg in Denmark." A peculiar

form of Carycldum minimum also occurs. The exact age of this

deposit is somewhat doubtful, but it is certainly Pleistocene. " Taken

altogether, the shells from our cave deposits are decidedly larger

than recent examples, and there can be no doubt that there has been

a marked diminution in the size of our indigenous mollusca, and

probably also in their numbers since Pleistocene times." In Amer-

ica the only extensive Post-Pliocene deposit, the Loess, shows an

opposite tendency, and the few Pleistocene caves, such as the fissure

at Port Kennedy, which proved to be rich in sloth, sabre-tooth, pec-

cary and other mammalian remains, have so far yielded no mollusca.

M. le Dr. JOUSSEAME describes an alleged new genus and species

of Nueulidce as Diabolica diabolica (Le Naturaliste, Nov., 1897, p.

265). Comment is superfluous.

VERZEICHNISS DER AUF DEN PHILIPPINEN LEBENDEN LAND

MOLLUSKEN, by Dr. O. von MollendorfF. (Abhandl. naturforsch

Gesellsch.). In this timely list the multitudinous new species added

to the Philippine fauna in recent years by Hidalgo and especially von

Molleudorff are intercalated with those made known by Semper and

the older authors, the whole classified, with references to descriptions

and localities ; forming an indispensible handbook to the Philippine

fauna. One thousand and seventy-nine species is the grand total of

land shells. As an instance of the additions to this fauna made by

von Molleudorff and his collaborator Quadras, we may mention the

section Diaphora of Ennea, in which 32 of the 35 known species

were described by him. This is an extreme case, but many genera

have been more than doubled in species by von Mollendorff's

researches. A very large number of the new species were des-

cribed in the " Nachrichtsblatt " without figures; and it is to be

hoped that the author's intention of figuring these forms will be

fulfilled. We understand that another volume of Sernper's great

work will be devoted to this purpose.

MR. W. Moss has been investigating the genitalia of the English

Zonitoides species, and has given a preliminary notice of some

interesting results before the (Brit.) Conch. Soc., May 12, 1897.

He announces the finding of a channel-shaped calcareous organ with

36 THE NAUTILUS.

a rim or collar at one end, in the penis, similar to that which he had

previously described and figured in Helix (Cochticella) acuta.

Further investigations are in progress.

GENERAL NOTES.

NOTE ON MOLLUSKS FROM ARCADIA, MISSOURI. — Mr. Frank

M. Woodruff, while on a collecting trip during the latter part of

May and first part of June, incidentally picked up a few mollusks, a

list of which may be of some value and interest in the study of geo-

graphic distribution. The region is reported by Mr. Woodruff to be

rather stony and arid, the rock being granitic, and pulmonate mol-

lusks, therefore, were very scarce. The Mississippi River was very

high, in fact a veritable torrent, and but one fresh-water mollusk

was found. The list of species is as follows :—

Latnpsilis ventricosus Barnes. Arcadia.

Polyc/yra exoleta Binuey. Vineland.

Polygyra thyroides Say. Viueland.

Polygyra clausa Say. Arcadia.

Polygyra appressa Say. Arcadia.

Polygyra dorfeuilliana Lea. Arcadia.

Vitrea indentata Say. Arcadia.

Py f<i in iii iila alternata Say. Arcadia.

All of the specimens were typical. One specimen of appressa had

a rather flat spire, but was otherwise normal. — FRANK C. BAKER.

FOSSIL PEARLS. — Not having read anywhere that " fossil " pearls

have been found or noticed in the literature, I submit the following

facts :—

Some years ago, while looking over some sand (very carefully)

that I had collected on the Chipola River in west Florida, from

Oligocene strata, I found and saved a pretty little pearl. I after-

wards found one in some Pliocene sand from California collected by

Dr. R. E. C. Stearns. I also found one other in some sand from

Claiborne, Ala., which I had collected from the Eocene. Lately,

while looking over some fossils from the " Woods Bluff" Eocene

from Thomasville and Choctaw Corner, Clarke Co., Ala., I found

one other pretty little fellow, so that we now have four of them here

for investigation.

Such fossil specimens may be in other museums, but I have not

seen or heard of the fact after diligent enquiry among the wisest of

our workers here. — FRANK BURNS, PH. D.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XII. AUGUST, 1898. No. 4.

THE MOLLUSKS OF THE GKEAT AFRICAN LAKES

Mr. J. E. S. Moore has recently studied the Mollusk fauna of the

African Lakes Nyassa and Tanganyika, and has recorded a portion

of his results, which prove to be of very great interest.1

It is pointed out that the molluscan genera constituting the lake

faunas of Africa fall into two categories; those genera more or less

widely distributed in Africa such as Unio, Spat ha, Iridina, Corbie-

nla, Limn (fa, Isidora, Plaiiorbis, Ancylus, Ampnllaria, Vivipara, By-

thinia, Melania and their immediate allies, these constituting a per-

fectly normal group, all or most members of which occur in most of

the lakes yet explored. The second group comprises TypJwbla,

Nassopsis, I/imnotrochus, Syrnolopsis, Tanganyitia, Bathanalia, Para-

melania, Bythoceras and some other forms, and is confined to the

single lake Tanganyika. This series of genera is called by Mr.

Moore the " Halolimnic group." With few exceptions, they are

deep water forms, mainly ranging from 200 to 1000 ft. which was

the greatest depth reached, while the species of the " normal " group

of genera live mainly within the 100 ft. line. After a thorough

discussion of the geological and biological aspects of the case, Mr.

Moore concludes that the Haloiimnic mollusks in Tanganyika owe

their origin to an ancient connection with the sea.

1 Proc. Eoy. Soc., LXII, no. 387, March 29, 1898. Quarterly Journ. Mic.

Sci., XLI, pt. 1, p. 159, March, 1898.

38 THE NAUTILUS.

" Instead of the Halolimnic molluscs being restricted to the shallow

creeks and bays about the coast, they swarm on the rough surf-

swept rocks and on the open beach. And what is more remarkable

than this, they extend in great profusion to the deepest portions of

the lake. Thus, dredging in water which varied in depth from 800

to 1,200 feet, I always obtained plenty of Typhobia, Paramelania,

Bathanalia, and Bytkoceras among the Gastropods, as well as the

so-called Unio Burtoni among the Lamellibranchiata ; and how far

these genera extended beyond these depths I cannot say, but they

showed no signs of dying out, but rather the reverse. On the lake

floors which were not so deep as this, from 200 to 300 feet below the

surface, but which were yet deep enough to have yielded nothing by

dredging in Nyassa, there was an abundance of Limnotroclms,

Syrnolopsis and Neothauma, together with those varieties of Melania

which inhabit Tanganyika. It is thus rendered apparent by these

observations that the Halolimnic molluscs are all either surf swept

rock dwellers, or entirely deep-water forms. It is thus apparent

that the Halolimnic molluscs are completely dissociated from the

normal fresh-water forms, along with which they exist in Tanga-

nyika, not only by their singular geographical isolation, but by

their bathymetric distribution also ; the conclusions to which the

facts of their geographical distribution seem to point being thus com-

pletely substantiated from another point of view. There are, how-

ever, yet other ways in which the fact that the Halolimuic fauna is

entirely distinct from, and unconnected with the more normal series

becomes clear. For in many branches of biological inquiry we are

often rightly guided by impressions which, like the types of human

physiognomy, are real enough, but quite incapable of definite ex-

pression. Impressions of this character are at once produced on

reaching Tanganyika, as I did, after studying the fauna of several

neighboring lakes. For there is a singular and oceanic profusion

of life in Tanganyika, which is quite peculiar, and it quickly be-

comes evident that this numerical increase in the aquatic population

does not affect the normal fresh-water stock, it is solely produced by

the astonishing abundance of the members of the Halolimnic group.

"In contrast with the shallows of Nyassa, the creeks and bays^of

Tanganyika swarm with crabs and prawns, and the open sandy

beaches are strewn with empty Halolimnic shells ; dead detached

fragments of the deep-wnter sponges are tossed up by hundreds on

THE NAUTILUS. 39

the shore. And on the extensive rocky coasts the barely submerged

stones are covered with the so-called Lithoglyplus and Na$sopsis,ju$t

as the half-tide rocks swarm with Natlca. and Li tor in a on an English

beach. Further, on putting out into the lake itself, the deep open

water is filled and discolored with clouds of pelagic Protozoa

(chiefly Peridinia and Condylostoma) ; and during the dry season

swarms of the lake jelly-fish are seen pulsating at all depths.

" Recapitulating, it may be said, then, that the facts of the geo-

graphical and bathymetric distribution of the great lake molluscs

lead to the following results : — That among all the fresh-water lakes

of the African continent which have hitherto been explored there

exists a type of fauna which is curiously similar throughout. It

differs only in the specific representation of the same genera which

these lakes contain. This generalized African lake fauna contains

only those families and genera of molluscs which would be regarded

as typically fresh-water, lake, river, and pond dwellers, in whatever

continent the fresh-water might occur. In one African lake, how-

ever, but in one lake only, there have been found to exist, super-

added to this normal lacustrine stock, a number of Gastropods

which do not closely resemble any other forms either living or extinct ;

these molluscs are also completely dissociated from the remaining

normal series of the lake in which they occur by their modes of life.

Together these molluscs constitute the molluscan section of a whole

faunistic series, which in Tanganyika is added to the normal fresh-

water stock the lake contains. This fauna forms what I have

called the Halolimnic group, and the tout ensemble of all the Halo-

limnic genera is marine."

The detailed anatomy of the Halolimnic genera is described in

the second part of Mr. Moore's paper. Typhobia and the allied new

genus Bathanalia are extremely peculiar in many respects. The

dentition resembles most that of the Strombidce and Calyptrceidce.

The nervous system is most like Strombidce, Cancellaria, Voluta,etc.,

with some peculiar features, and totally unlike any freshwater

families. There is a crystalline style in the stomach, such as occurs

in Pterocera. The external penis is a new development in the

mantle-wall. The gills are like those of Strombidce. A respiratory

siphon is developed. On the whole, Typhobia and Bathanalia, for

which the family Typhobiidce is proposed, may fairly be held to be

an old branch of the stock whence Strombidce arose.

LI ,RAI

40 THE NAUTILUS.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF MYLLITA.

BY W. H. DALL.

The genus Myllita was founded in 1850 by d'Orbiguy and Recluz

on a species named by Recluz M. Deshayesii, which was subsequently

wrongly united to Pythina Hinds by Adams and others. This

error was pointed out by E. A. Smith in a discussion of the genus

Pythina in 1891. The original authors wrongly ascribed a tri-

angular pallial sinus to Myllita. The name was subsequently

changed to Mylitta by Kobelt but there does not seem to be ground

for the assumption that the original name was based on that of the

city. The essential characters of the genus are as follows :

Shell small, equivalve, with a small anterior and posterior dorsal

gape, with an obsolete external amphidetic ligament and a strong

internal resilium, the latter with a mesial calcareous coating ; pallial

line simple, with rather large adductor scars ; foot strong, byssifer-

ous ; the young incubated, as in Kellia, within the mother's tissues,

numerous, vitreous, smooth ; the adult strong, with concentric and

radiate or divaricate sculpture, the surface more or less punctate or

sagrinate; hinge with, in the left valve single lateral lamina? in

front and behind, with a /\ -shaped or petaloid cardinal ; the right

valve is similar but with double laterals, the resilium set in a well

marked sulcus below the ventral posterior lamina. Type M.

Deshayesii Recluz.

Two species have since been described as Pythina: Myllita tas-

manica Tension-Woods (1875) from Tasmania and M. Stowei Hutton

(1873) from New Zealand. The former proves from authentic speci-

mens to be quite distinct from M. Deshayesii. Smith added, in

1891, M. auriculata from Tasmania.

M. Deshayesii has the right cardinal merely grooved, not /\ -shaped ;

in M. tasmanica both are conspicuously /\ -shaped. In M. Stoweifye

right cardinal is small, slender and simple, the anterior lamina? very

short and stout, the posterior lamina? quite long and slender. The

resilium in the latter is rather short, and there is a small impressed

lunule over the dorsal anterior lamina. In all, the external ligament

is feeble but present and amphidetic. The following new species is

in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia.

THE NAUTILUS. 41

Myllita inaequalis n. sp.

Shell obovate, very inequilateral, equivalve, solid whitish, with

moderately convex valves, the beaks at about the posterior third,

not prominent; sculpture of concentric punctate strise and, toward

the ends of the shell, feeble radial ribs not prolonged to the medial

part of the disk from which they appear to divaricate; hinge as in

the M. Deshayesii except that the cardinal tooth is petaloid rather

than /\ -shaped; posterior laterals short ; the pallial line somewhat

sinuous or impressed anteriorly, ventral margins of the valves plain.

Lon. 3, alt. 2-4, diam. 1*7 mm.

This was received from South Australia where it was collected by

E. H. Matthews, Esq. It is immediately separable from any of the

other species of Myllita by its form and inequilateral, feebly sculpt-

ured valves.

The shell of M. tasmanica contained the dried animal and a

multitude of minute young fry included in the parental tissues. The

dry foot was ligulate with a very large byssal sulcus.

The hinge of Myllita seems quite close in its essential features to

that of Lascea rnbra.

NOTE ON ISCHNOCHITON ONISCUS Krauss AND I. ELIZA-

BETHENSIS Pilsbry.

BY E. R. SYKES, B. A.. F. Z. S.

In a paper by Mr. Pilsbry1 specimens previously recorded from

South Africa under the name of ' Chiton marginatus ' were described

as a new species under the name of Ischnochiton Elizabethensis.

About the same date I expressed2 the opinion that these specimens

should really be referred to /. oniscus. My paper was in type when

Mr. Pilsbry's appeared, but I was able to call attention to his views

in a foot-note.

Recently I have had submitted to me a series of specimens, care-

fully preserved in spirit, and have come to the conclusion that Mr.

Pilsbry was quite right in his separation of I. Elizabethensis, and

that the species I now have from Durban, Isipingo, and Umkomaas

NAUTILUS, viii, p. 9 (May, 1894).

2Proc. Malac. Soc., i, p. 133 (June, 1894).

42 THE NAUTILUS.

is the true /. oniscus. The main difference in sculpture is that in 7.

oniscus the lateral areas are longitudinally striolate, and the median

areas more elevated than in /. Elizabeth ensis ; further, the girdle

scales in the former species are minutely striated, while in the latter

they are smooth. The coloration in /. oniscus is very variable; it

may be pure white ; white stained with brown ; lilac with or with-

out brown, yellow, or green markings ; green or yellow with black-

ish dots ; indeed the variations are Protean. The girdle coloring

is in general co-related to the colors of the shell and is usually

marked in a somewhat similar pattern. One specimen measures in

length 16 mill, and 7 mill, in breadth. Geographically, I. oniscus

appears to be confined to Natal, and /. Elizabethensis to Cape

Colony.

NOTES ON NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN AMNICOLIDJE.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Lyogyrus granum (Say).

This species has long been known as an Amnicola. It was origin-

ally described as Paludina grana by Thomas Say, from the "fish

ponds at Harrowgate," now within the city of Philadelphia. Say

did not describe the operculum. Haldeman merely quotes Say's

description in his monograph. Binney does the same in L. and Fr.-

W. Sh. N. A. Ill, p. 86, but he gives a figure of a type, which is

still preserved in the Philadelphia collection.

Tryon and Gabb both collected specimens within the city limits,

and later it has been found in various localities in Pennsylvania and

New Jersey. The following lots are now in the collection of the

Academy : Philadelphia (Say, Tryon) ; Fairmount [Park] (Gabb) ;

Macerating tub at A. N. S., fed from city water main (McCadden) ;

Paradise, Lancaster Co., Pa. (Witrner Stone) ; near Kaighn's Point,

N. J. (M. Schick) ; Paulinskill, Hainesburgh, and Cedar Lake,

Warren Co., N. J. (Pilsbry).

Numerous specimens identified by various conchologists as "A.

grana," from Canada, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, etc., prove to be other

species upon close examination ; and so far as present information

goes, Say's species extends from Lancaster Co., and Philadelphia,

Pa., and Camden, N. J., northward to the ponds and lakes of north-

THE NAUTILUS. 43

ern New Jersey. As Say remarks, it is found "crawling on the

dead leaves which have fallen to the bottom of the water."

I have learned by the examination of numerous specimens, that

the operculum is multispiral, and the species will, therefore, be trans-

ferred to the genus Lyogyrus of Gill. This character will readily

separate the shell from small forms of Amnicola.

Amnicola missouriensis n. sp.

One of the forms labelled " Amnicola grana " in the collection of

the Academy proves to be a new and very distinct species, which

may be described as follows:

Shell minute, imperforate, obliquely ovate, light brown ; surface

smooth except for slight growth-lines; composed of 3? very con-

vex whorls separated by unusually deep sutures ; apex obtuse, often

eroded ; the last whorl shortly deflexed in front in adult specimens.

Aperture rotund-ovate, being slightly narrowed above, but not

angular there ; not modified in form by the preceding whorl ;

moderately oblique ; peristome continuous, not closely appressed at

the upper left side; columellar margin calloused within, thick. Alt.

1'7, diam. 1*3 mm. ; length of aperture 0'8 mm.

Carter County, Missouri (John Wolf).

Much smaller than Bythinella Aldrichi Call, shorter, with thick

and heavy columellar lip.

Amnicola Walkeri n. sp.

Shell thin, narrowly umbilicate, conic, shaped like Lyogym*

Brownii Carpenter; slightly yellowish corneous ; thin, smooth, with

faint growth-lines. Whorls 4, very convex, separated by deeply

constricting sutures, the last whorl rounded below ; apex obtuse.

Aperture oblique, rather small, mainly basal, a little longer than

wide, but nearly circular, the inner margin a trifle straightened

above ; peristome continuous, in contact with the preceding whorl

for an extremely short distance above. Operculum and dentition

Amnicoloid.

Alt. 3, diam. 2 ; length of aperture 1-j, width H mm.

Alt. 2J, diam. 2£ ; length of aperture 1 08, width 1 mm.

Lake Michigan at High Island Harbor, Beaver Is., at 10 meters

depth; Reed's Lake, Grand Rapids, Mich.; River Rouge, Wayne

Co., Mich. ; the types from the first locality mentioned.

This species has been under examination by Mr. Bryant Walker

and myself for some months. It was thought at one time to be Say's

44

THE NAUTILUS.

'/raitum; but besides certain differences in form, this has an Ainni-

coloid operculum, while in yrnmnn it is Valvatoid.

The specimens from River Rouge are smaller and more elongated

than average shells of the type lot ; those from Reed's Lake are

fairly typical in form, but perhaps a little thinner.

The name is in honor of Mr. Bryant Walker, to whose acumen

the discovery of the form, and of its distinctness from known Michi-

gan Amnicolidse, is due.

While investigating the characters of the above species, I have

had an opportunity, through the courtesy of Prof. W. H. Dall, to

examine the types of Amnicola parva and A. orbiculata Lea, de-

scribed from Springfield, Ohio.

A. parva is like A. limosa in the umbilicus and obtuse apex, but

is smaller with the whorls particularly tumid just below the suture,

producing a somewhat shouldered appearance, such as characterizes

Amnicola cincinnatiensis (Anth.). The same form occurs at Joliet,

Illinois, Muscatine, Iowa, etc. It measures alt. 3'8, diam. 3'2 mm.

or somewhat smaller. Whether it is a stunted form of limosa due

to unfavorable station, or is constantly distinguishable I have not

ascertained ; but it is at all events quite recognizable. The types

show more or less blackish incrustation about the spire, and evidently

did not occur with Lea's specimens of orbiculata.

A. orbiculata is absolutely identical with A. limosa var. porata

Say. The specimens vary between the widely umbilicated porata

form, and an intermediate form. They are finely grown shells, quite

fresh though without opercula, and rather corneous than " yellow-

ish " as Lea says. There was no " mistake " about Lea's "specimen

of this species among many small shells which were thrown together

in a box, as being collected from our vicinity " (Philadelphia), for

Hinosa and porata are abundant in both the Delaware and Schuylkill

rivers. Two of Lea's type lot measure :

Alt. 5, diam. 4 mm.

Alt. 4, diam. 4 mm.

A NEW SPECIES OF TEREBRA FROM TEXAS.

BY W. H. DALL.

Some years ago the Hon. J. D. Mitchell, of Victoria, Texas, sent

to the National Museum a much dilapidated specimen of Terebra

THE NAUTILUS. 45

from the Gulf coast of Matagortla Island, which could not be iden-

tified with any described species. Subsequently Mr. Mitchell sent

the upper part of the spire of another specimen in rather better pre-

servation.

A specimen in perfect condition in the hands of a lighthouse

keeper was heard of, and a description was deferred in the hope that

this shell might be obtained for the purpose. After a long delay

the loan of it was secured, but it proved to be merely a common

Indo-pacific shell and not the Texan one. The following description

is therefore drawn up from the two known specimens in the hope

that, attention being thus drawn to it, some one may succeed in

securing fresh specimens.

Terebra Texana n. ^>.

Shell large, solid, strong, with more than 21 slightly rounded

whorls, color pale yellowish with darker yellow or brown flammulas ;

sculpture of two revolving grooves one on each side of a peripheral

slightly raised band, a little narrower than the areas between it and

the sutures ; the whorls are crossed by numerous small flexuous rib-

lets in harmony with the lines cf growth, those on the baud and pos-

terior area oblique but nearly straight, those on the anterior area

concavely arcuate, these are stronger on the spire and more feeble

on the last whorl or two ; suture appressed, distinct ; last whorl

moderately rounded ; pillar twisted, strong, with a sharp revolving

keel and a feeble revolving ridge above it, continuing up the axis

of the shell, but not visible in the aperture where the pillar seems

only callous and rounded ; siphonal notch and fasciole strong.

Length (of 21 whorls) 137 mm., diameter of last whorl 24 mm.

This is the first typical Terebra known from the tropical waters

of eastern America, and is much stouter and larger than the T.

(Subula) floridana Ball. I do not find any other species with closely

similar sculpture.

GENERAL NOTES.

The death of DR. W. H. DECAMP on July 4th is announced. A

biographical sketch will appear in our next number.

COLUMBELLA AVARA IN BRAZIL AND URUGUAY. — Dr. E. YOU

Martens has recently described the form from Maldonado Bay re-

46 THE NAUTILUS.

ferred to Colambella avara Say, in this journal for May, 1897, as

a new species. C. brasiliana (Archiv fiir Naturg., vol. 63, p. 171).

The only difference he notes between this and the avara is that the

intervals between ribs are smooth, not spirally striated. In the ser-

ies of C. avara from Florida examined by me, this supposed distinc-

tion proves to be invalid, some of them being quite as smooth as the

South American shells. At most, C. brasiliana is only a variety.

In the same paper, the Columbella misera Duclos (not Sowb.) is re-

named C.japonica. — H. A. P.

NOTES ON URUGUAY AND ARGENTINE FRESH-WATER SHELLS

supplemental to the list in NAUTILUS, X, pp. 76-81.

Amalia gagates Drap. Maldonado, Uruguay.

Chilina Rushii Pilsbry. The largest specimen collected measures :

alt. 22-i, diam. I3i mm.; alt. of aperture 16 mm.

Limncea columella Say. Maldonado, Uruguay.

The specimens seem to be the northern species; and if I am right

in the identification it is probably a form introduced by man. No

similar Limncea is known to me from South America. L. coluim 11«

occurs as far south as Florida.

Ancyltis obllquus B. & S., was collected also at San Carlos R.,

Uruguay.

The Sphcerium and Pisidium mentioned on p. 80 are as follows :

Sphceriutn argeutinum d'Orb. Creek in the Prado, Montevideo.

Mr. E. R. Sykes of London has, with his accustomed good nature,

compared specimens collected by Dr. Rush with the types in B. M.

He writes: " There is only one valve of Cyclas ar.gentina, some-

what damaged, in the Museum, with which, as far as one can judge

from such a wreck, your shell is identical."

Pisidium Sterkianwn Pilsbry. Same locality.

Pisidium vile Pilsbry. Same locality.

Requesting Mr. E. R. Sykes to compare these with Orbigny's

type of P. pulchellum, he wrote " These are no specimens of Cyclas

pulchella in the Museum and none were presented byd'Orbigny, as

you will see by Gray's Catalogue. I am, therefore unable to com-

pare these."

Glabaris latomarginatm Lea and G. tenebricosus Lea were picked

up at Buenos Ayres, dead valves only. — H. A. P.

NOTE ON HALISTYLUS. This group was founded by Dall to

contain a small, pillar-shaped shell, H. columna, from the east coast

THE NAUTILUS. 47

of South America, which has the operculum and dentition of the

TrochidoB. Subsequently Dr. W. H. Rush dredged the same species

with a new one, H. circumstriatus Pils., in Maldonado Bay, Uruguay.

Dull has referred the Californian Fenella pupoidea of Carpenter to

Halistylus ; quite correctly, as it closely resembles the South Atlantic

species in operculum and shell contour. There was, however, an

earlier Fenella pupoides of A. Adams, which was ruled by Tryon

to preoccupy Carpenter's name ; so that the West Coast species

should be called Halistylus sabpupoides (Tryon). — H. A. P.

KECENT PUBLICATIONS.

REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SLUGS: BINNEYA, HEM-

PHILLIA, HESPERARION, PROPHYSAON AND ANADENULUS/ By H.

A. Pilsbry and E. G. Vauatta. — This admirable paper contains so

much that is new and interesting that one can only recommend the

malacologist to read it for himself. No mere abstract would do it

justice. The whole subject is newly presented so as to bring out

clearly the generic and specific characters, and while the work is

complete up to date, it is full of suggestions for further investigation,

so that the reader is stimulated as well as instructed.

The authors excellently insist at the very beginning, that "all

the facts of morphology should be taken into account in systematic

classification," and " those who starve their souls on a mere study of

the genitalia and oral armature miss the best part of the feast."

This is very well shown in what follows. Prophysaon ccernletim is

not especially marked by its genitalia or radula, but differs entirely

from the other species of the genus in the external grooves on the

body. P. liumile, on the other hand, has the grooves much as in

the other forms, but differs greatly in the color-markings and geni-

talia. P. foliolatum, again, has a good specific character in the

radula. Thus the species of Prophysaon could not be well elucidated

without examining all their characters, for the specific peculiarities

do not reside in the same organs throughout the series.

The Ariouidse are divided into three subfamilies, Arioninse,

Biuneyinre (which was proposed by the present writer several years

ago) and a new one, Ariolimacinse. Eight genera are recognized,

'Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. [June 30], 1898, pp .219-261. Pis. IX-XVI.

48 THE NAUTILUS.

Phenacarion being very properly suppressed. Prophysaon paeificum

is referred to P. andersoni, a proceeding I had not expected, but

which is probably correct. In this case P. andersoni v. paeificum

will be the name of the yellow variety, the type being greyish — a

dichroism like that offered by the European Arion subfusciis Drap.

A more perplexing question relates to the probable identity of P.

hum-He and fasciatum. These slugs are practically alike, except that

the former has the jaw striate, while in the latter it is plicate or rib-

bed. It appears that they occur together at Seattle, so it is hard to

consider the difference as due to anything but variation ; yet it is

certainly a curious case. In Philomycns such differences appear to

have specific value.

Phenacarion hewphilli W. G. B., is provisionally regarded as a

synonym ofProph.foliolatum. It is probably a variety distinguished

bv having yellow slime covering the body. Arion snbfuscus has

such a form, which is quite distinct from the one having a yellow

skin, as in P. pacific um.

While the authors had a considerable amount of material at their

disposal, it is evident that the region occupied by these slugs has by

no means been adequately searched. Not only may it he possible

to define several subspecies or races of Prop h. andersoni, but further

new species, and even genera, may be discovered. Anadenulus is

still only known from one locality, where it was found by Hemphill,

and the distribution of most of the species is quite limited ; so there

is plenty of room for striking novelties in those parts of the Pacific

coast region where the foot of the sluggist has never trod.

In the East, those who will hunt in gardens and greenhouses

ought surely to turn up some of the European species of Arion, in

addition to A. hortensis. — T. D. A. Cocker ell.

DESCRIPTION OF TEN NEW SPECIES OF TERRESTRIAL MOL-

LUSCA FROM SOUTH AFRICA.2 By James Cosmo Melvill and John

Henry Ponsonby. — The new species of this installment are mainly

Enneas. A new Dorcasia, D. isomerioides, is described, the new

subgenus Tulbaghinia being instituted for it. Another Achatinn

is described. The richness of the fauna of South Africa, made

known through the researches of Messrs. Melvill and Ponsonby, is

remarkable.

-Annals and Magazine of N. H., Jan. 1898.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XII. SEPTEMBER, 1898. No. 5.

BIFIDARIA ASHMUNI. A NEW SPECIES OF PUPIDJE.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

Shell cylindro-conical, with the apex rather acute, base perforated-

rim ate ; whorls five, convex, with a rather deep suture, regularly

increasing, the last somewhat proti acted, with a crest remote from

the aperture and forming a projecting angle at the base, at last

ascending; aperture strongly lateral, rounded subtriangular, equal-

ling one-third the altitude of the shell, highest near its columellar

side, with a sinus above on the palatal side; margin continuous,

strongly everted, broadest so below, without a lip thickening;

parietal lamella very large, strongly curved, nearer the periphery

at its inner end ; angular lamella large, at its inner end united with

the side of the parietal, at the outer with the palatal margin, thus

closing the sinus above; columellar lamella large, spiral, ascending

to the body whorl between the parietal and columella ; basal lamella

and inferior palatal fold deep in the throat, the former radial, the

latter above it, oblique; superior palatal short, tooth-like, rather

remote from the margin ; surface shining, with slight, irregular

stria? and microscopically rugulose, as is also the nucleus; shell

horn colored, transparent ; lamella? and folds whitish ; alt. 2'0, diam.

1-1 mill.

Habitat: Arizona and New Mexico.

The soft parts could not be examined. In one living specimen,

the foot and head were almost colorless, the mantle was slate-

colored.

50 THE NAUTILUS.

In size, shape and color, our species rather resembles B. procera

Gld., but is somewhat more conic above, and less slender. In the

formation of the last whorl and the aperture it stands near B. con-

tracta Say, but is very different as to the formation of the angulo-

parietal lamella and the presence of a strong, transverse basal. It

is a highly remarkable and significant species, being intermediate

between different groups, and showing strong features of its own.

No other species of the geuus has the angulo-parietal lamella so

highly developed.

It is somewhat variable, in the few specimens seen ; the height

varies from 1'9 to 2'3 millimeters, the color from pale to deep horn ;

the parietal lamella in one New Mexico specimen is more tortuous

and so large as to cover from sight the whole inferior palatal fold,

which is visible only from the outside, and parts of the columellar

and basal larnellse.

The first three specimens seen were from the Santa Rita Mts.,

Arizona, kindly forwarded for examination and description by the

U. S. National Museum, and at the request of Dr. Win. H. Dall,

the species was named B. ashmuni. Later, two other examples,

from Cook's Peak, N. M., were sent, also by the National Museum.

For one specimen I am indebted to Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, who

collected it at Dripping Springs, Organ Mts., N. M.

New Philadelphia, O., July, 1898.

NOTES ON A FEW CHITONS.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

JAPANESE SPECIES.

From the crevices of some valves of Ostrcea recently sent to the

Academy, I obtained specimens of the following forms.

Tonicia sp. Very young, length 6£ mm.; intermediate valves

with 4-6 eyes in a single curved series on the forward part of each

lateral area. A series of short, subobsolete grooves in front of the

diagonal riblets. Head valve with 8 radial series of eyes. This is

probably a new form, but too young for characterization. It is

noted here because Tonicia is a genus new to the Japanese fauna.

Locality, Yokohama, on Ostrcea denselamellosa.

THE NAUTILUS. 51

Several valves of a different Tonicia with rugose lateral areas and

head valve, lirate pleural tracts, and sparse, excessively minute eyes

also occurred.

Ischnochiton comptus Gld.

Ischnoehiton Mitsukurii n. sp.

Shell small, elevated, carinated, the side slopes slightly convex ;

whitish, profusely speckled and clouded with brown, which color

predominates toward the periphery.

Valves not beaked, the sutural margins straight ; lateral areas

somewhat raised, sculptured with three or four very shallow, incon-

spicuous, radial sulci, hardly visible on some valves; the diagonal

line not conspicuous ; entire surface cut into a fine, even granulation

by the intersection of a series of forwardly converging with some-

what stronger forwardly diverging grooves. Anterior valve evenly

granular; posterior valve evenly granular, with central, scarcely

projecting mucro, the slope behind it straight.

Interior with the valve callus delicate purple ; in front of it and

at the insertion plates green. Sutural laminse small, widely separ-

ated by a wide sinus. Slits in valve i, ; in valves ii to vii, 1-1 ;

in valve viii, 11. Teeth short, smooth ; eaves narrow and solid.

Girdle compactly covered with small, rather coarsely striated

scales, measuring O14 mm. in average width.

Length about 8 mm. Angle of divergence 90°.

Japan. Exact locality not known. The name is in honor of the

well known Japanese zoologist.

SOCORRO ISLAND, off Cape St. Lucas.

A few species were collected by Mr. R. C. McGregor some time

ago, and kindly presented to the Academy.

Chiton articulatus Sowb. Very large specimens, measuring 90

mm. long.

Chcetopleura sp. undet. A species allied to Ch. cohimbiensis but

with very few pustules on the lateral areas. The surface having

suffered from immersion in strong formalin, it is hardly in condition

for description.

Trachydermon deniiens (Gld.).

Rather small, black with indistinct dirty yellowish speckling and

the usual sutural dots. Gills ambient, 15 on the right, 13 on the

left side. Socorro Island lies over 500 miles south of the souther-

most previous locality for this species.

52

THE NAUTILUS.

LIST OF MARINE SHELLS COLLECTED AT PORT GUEYDON, KABYLIA.

WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CYCLOSTREMA.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

The following is a list of marine shells mostly collected by the

writer during a part of the summer of 1895. A few not personally

collected are also included here and these are marked with an

asterisk. Much attention has been paid to the minute shells ; thus

the larger and less interesting ones have been somewhat neglected,

and there is but little doubt that some, not rare indeed on the North

African shores, are also to be found at Port Gueydon. This is not

so good a locality for collecting as many other places visited by me,

but as no list of marine shells of Kabylia has hitherto been published

I thought the present one should be useful ; moreover I discovered

here some little known or very rare forms, two of which at least I

consider as new.

Murex Irunculus Lin. One spec-

imen is unusually large and

has an orange-tinged aperture.

Others are rather small, but

very thick.

Ocinebra Edwardsi Payr.

Ocinebra aciculata Lain. Both

alive.

Muricidea cristata B r o c c h i .

Fragments only.

Purpura hcemaatoma Lin.

Pseudomurex Meyendorffi, Calc.

A single specimen, found under

a stone, at low water.

Pisania maculosa Lam.

Pisania Orbignyi Payr.

Eidhria, cornea L., f. minor.

Cyllene granum Lam.

Nassa incrassata Strom.

Nassa costulata Ren.

Nassa costulata Ren., f. minor.

Nassa costulata Ren., f. minor-

Icevis Monterosato.

Nassa mutabilis Lin.

Triton nodiferus Lam.

Mitra Savignyi Payr. Living

specimens.

Mitra ebenus Lam. Living.

Marginella miliaria Lin. Liv-

ing.

Mar gin el la Phillppii M o n t e r.

Living.

Marginella clandestina Brocchi.

Living.

Columella rustica Lin. Living.

Mitrella scripta Lin. Living.

Cassis sulcosa Brug. Empty

shells.

Natica Dillwyni Payr.

Scala commit nis Lam.

Opalia crenata Lin. Very rare.

Cioniscus unicus Mont. A single

living specimen. A littoral

species.

Odostomia inrrttoHanley. Rare.

Odostomia rissoides Hanley.

THE NAUTILUS.

53

Odostomia sp. ? (A very small

species, not identified, found

alive with the Cioniscus.

Auriculina dilucida Monter.

Auriculina scandens Brugnone.

Parthenina excavata Phil.

Parthenina turbonilloides Brus-

ina.

Parthenina monozona Brus.

Parthenina Jeffrey si, B u c q.,

Dautz., DolJf.

Parthenina tricincta Jeffr.

Parthenina scalaris Phil.

Parthenina gracilis Phil.— ema-

ciata Brusina.

Parthenina inter stincta Mont.

Turbonilla obliqitata Phil.

Turbonilla lactea Lin.

Chemnitzia pallida Mont.

E-ulima polita Lin.

En lima distorta Desh.

Eulima intermedia Cantr.

Eulima incurva Ren.

Eulima microstoma Brus.

Cerithiopsis minima Brus.

Cerithiopsis tubercularis Mont.

Cerithiopsis bilineata Hoernes.

Cerithiopsis Metaxa Delle Chiaje.

Conus Mediterraneus Hwass.

Sadropleura septangularis Lin.

Mangilia tceniata Desh.

Mangilia multilineolata Desh.

Light and dark-colored spec-

imens.

Defrancia Philberti Michaud.

Lachesis Folince Delle Chiaje.

Lachesis turritellata Desh.

Lachesis retifera Brugnone.

Trivia Europcea Mont.*

Cerithium rupestre Kisso= C.

mediterranenm Desh.

Bittiam lacteum Phil.

Bittium Jadertinum Brusina.

Bittiam reticulatum daCosta.

Triforis perversns Lin.

Littorina neritoides Lin.—cceru-

lescens Lam.

Rissoina Bruguierei Payr.

Barlceia riibra Ad. var. The

Algerian variety, brown with

the base white around the col-

umella.

Alvania Algeriana Monterosato.

Alvania Algeriana. Dark vari-

ety.

Alvania Montagui Payr.

Alvania lineata Risso.

Alvania pagodula Bucq., Dautz.

and Dollfus. For the iden-

tification of this and other

puzzling species in the present

list, I am indebted to the kind-

ness of Mr. P. Dautzenberg.

White and colored spec-

imens.

Alvania subareolata Monteros-

ato.

Alvania cimex Ij. = calathiscns

Mont.

Alvania Weinkavffi Schwartz.

Alvania subcrenulata Schwartz.

Alvania sculptilis Monterosato.

Extremely rare.

Alvania rudis Phil.

Alvania mutabilis Schwartz.

Apicularia Guerini Reel.

Apicularia similis Scacchi.

Apicularia dolium Nyst.

Apicularia dolium f. castanea.

One example, of an uniform

brown color.

Rissoa pusilla Phil.

LI

54

THE NAUTILUS.

Hissoa violacea Desru.

Piissoa simplex Phil.

Manzonia costata Ad.

Cingula semistriata Mont.

Oingula contorta Jeffr.

Cingula contorta f. major.

Setia sp. ?

Setia Benjamina Monterosato.

Setia amabilis Mouterosato. Liv-

ing.

Setia micrometrica Seguenza.

Living.

Peringiella nitida Brus., var.

elongata Monterosato. Very

rare.

Pi sinn a (=Hagenmulleria~)

punctnlutn Phil. = ? glabrata

Miihlf.

Pisinna punctulum f. elongata.

Larger and more produced.

Very rare.

Pisinna (?) seminulum Montero-

ato. This little known species

was found living in quantities

with P. punctulum.

Zip'pora auriscalpium Liu.

Rissoa sj). ?

Rissoa sp. ?

Eissoa sp. ?

Hersilia Mediterranea Monteros-

ato. Extremely rare.

Vermetus triqueter Bivona.

Vermetus glomeratus Lin.

Caecum subannulatum Folin.

Truncatella Icevigata Risso.

Skenea planorbis Fab.

Homalogyra Fischeriana Mon-

terosato. A single specimen

found alive, of this extremely

minute but beautiful little

species. A littoral species.

Adeorbis subcarinatus Mont.

Crepidula unguiformis Lin. In

the interior of a large Turbo.

Capulus hungaricus L. Young.

Eingicula auriculata Menard.

Atftralium rugosum Lin.

Phasianella (Kutropia) pulla

Lin.

Cyclostrema nitens Phil. Rare.

Cyclostrema Dautzenbergianum

Anc. New species. Shell

very minute (diam. 1, height

z mill.), white, depressed,

widely and openly umbilic-

ated ; spire short, obtuse, con-

vex, but little raised above the

level of the last whorl. Whorls

3, rapidly increasing, with

regular and delicate arched

costellse, the last one furnished

besides these with three con-

spicuous raised and revolving

line, the lower one below the

periphery. Aperture some-

what oblique, circular, entire.

A full description and figure

of this delicately sculptured

little shell will be given at

some future time. Only two

specimens collected.

Another very distinct and

also new species from Algiers

differs from the former in lack-

ing the riblets and in having

a very minute spiral striation,

both above and below. There

are only two revolving keels

below the middle of the last

whorl, the lower one being

around the umbilicus, and the

spiral sculpture is quite con-

THE NAUTILUS.

55

spicuous in the latter. For

this very scarce and distinct

species, I would propose the

name of C. Monierosatoi Anc.

A single specimen was obtain-

ed. Very rare.

Gibbulaadriatica Phil. Rare.

Glbbnla Racketti Payr. Living

and abundant on Algte.

Gibbula Drepanensis Brugnone.

Living specimens, but very

small.

Gibbula rarilineata Michaud.

Very common.

Gibbula Richardi Payr. Also

very common.

Gibbula varia Lin. Somewhat

rare.

Gibbula villica Phil.

Trochocochlea turbinata Born.

Trochocochlea articulata Lam.

Zizyphinus depictus Desh.

Zizyphinus Gravince Mouterosato.

Living, on Algse, but not very

common.

Clanculopsis glomus Phil. = C.

Jussiani, var. cingulata Weink.

A few living specimens.

Schismope striatula Phil. Living

specimens in various stages of

growth. A littoral species.

Haliotis lamellosa Lam.

Fissuridea grceca Lin.

Fissurella nubecula Lin.

Emarginula tenera Monterosato.

Rare.

Emarginula solidula Costa.

Tectura unicolor Forbes.

Tectura virginea Miill. Living

near the the shore, on stones.

Patella ccerulea~L\i\. Abundant.

Patella ccerulea L., var. Tarent-

ina, von Salis. Also very

common. The Patellas are

edible rnollusca on the coast.

Patella lusitanica Gm. Rare.

Patella aspera Lam.

Siphonaria Algesira: Quoy. Not

common. Found with Patella.

Probably the most eastern

locality for the species.

Utriculus truncatulus Brug.

Utriculus umbilicatus Mont.

Utriculus striatulus Forbes -

cuneatus Tiberi.

Utriculus minutissimus Martin.

Volvula acuminata Brug.

Haminea elegans Leach.

Aplysia virescens Risso.

Lepidopleurus siculus Poli.

Lepidopleurus Algesirensis Cap-

ellini.

Lepidopleurus Rissoi Payr.

Lepidopleurus Meneghinii, var.

(?) Dautzenbergi Anc. Only

two specimens. I extract the

following note from M. Daut-

zenberg's observations on my

shell : "Je possede un exem-

plaire sernblable de Sardai-

gne etiquete Chiton Rissoi

Payr., par le Dr. Tiberi, Ces

deux specirnensqui concordent

absolument, ne peuvent etre

rapproches que du Chiton

Meneghinii, Capellini (Journ.

de Conch., 1858), maisils pos-

sedent sur les aires laterales

des valves des cotes ou plutot

des series de tuberculesravonn-

56

THE NAUTILUS.

antes beaucoup plus saillantes

et moins nombreuses; il n'y ex-

iste non plus ancune trace des

sillons transverses ondules qui

ornent d'une maniere tres-car-

acteristique cette partie du test

chez le Ck. Meneghinii, ainsi

que chez le Rissoi. L' assimi-

lation qu' a faite Mouterosato

du Meneghinii an Rissoi dans

sa monographie des Chiton de

la Mediterranee parait deja

un peu forcee, mais pour ce qui

concerne votre coquille, elle

me paraitrait tout a fait in-

admissible." (Dautz., in litt.)

Not having seen an authentic

specimen of Meneghinii, I now

prefer to make this a variety

of the latter, although I am

reasonably certain it will

eventually be considered as a

distinct species. I have much

pleasure in associating with it

the name of M. Dautzenberg,

the well known writer on

marine shells.

Chiton fascicular is Lin .

Saxicava arctica Lin.

Mactra corallina Lin.

Donax trunculus Lin.

Donax semistriata Poli.

Dosinia lupinus Poli.

Callista chione Lin.

Venus verrucosa Lin.

Venus gallina Lin.

Tapes decussata Lin.

Tapes geographica Chemn.

Since writing the above, I saw,

Homaloyyra Fischer tana (No. 110

Petricola lithophaga Retz.

Venerupis irus Lin.

Cardium exiguum Gm.

Cardium paucicostatum

Cardium papillosum Poli.

Cardium tiiberculutum L.

Liicina reticulata Poli.

Lucina divaricata Lin. (?)

Kcllia Geoffroyi Payr.

Montacuta sp. ?

Lepton sp. ?

Lascea rubra Mont.

Cardita calyculata Lin.

Chama gryphoides Lin.

Astarte triangularis Mont. Very

rare.

Nucula nucleus Lin.

Area Noce Lin.

Area lactea Lin.

Pectuneulus violacescens Lam.

Very common and sometimes-

used for food and bait.

Modiola barbata Lin.

Modiola Petagnce Scacchi.

Modiola Adriatica Lam.

Mytilus ofricanus Chemn.*

Mytilus minimus Poli.

Mbdiolaria costnlata Forbes.

Lithodomus lithophagus Lin.

Pecten varius Lin.

Lima tenera Turton.

Lima squammosa Lam.

Avomia ephippium Lin.

Ostrea cochlecer Poli.*

Argiope cuneata Risso.

Argonanta Argo Lin.

Octopus vulgaris L.

from Dr. Vayssiere's studies on-

of the present list) that the above

THE NAUTILUS. 57

named shell was generically distinct from Homalogyra and must be

labelled Ammonicera Fischeriana. Altogether, I am not quite cer-

tain that my shell is really the same as the one referred to by Dr.

Vayssiere. It is smaller, horny, with 3 browu lines, has only 3

whorls and is but striate, lacking the very remarkable distant and

regular sulci somewhat like those of Spirilla Peroni.

NOTES ON THE GENUS ODONTOSTOMUS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

This group of peculiar land snails is widely spread in southern

South America, extending from middle Brazil south well into

Patagonia. It is not known to occur in the valley of the Amazon

or its tributaries, and is absent in and west of the main chain of the

Andes.

It is allied to Anctus, Tomigems and Anastoma, all Brazilian

genera. In conjunction with Mr. E. G. Vanatta I examined the

species in the collection of the Academy some time ago, and we

agreed that the following subgenera may be distinguished, based

mainly upon apical sculpture :

1. ODONTOSTOMUS Beck (s. str.), type pantagruelinus Moric.

2. CYCLODONTINA Beck (restricted), type pupoides Spix, inflatus

Wagner.

3. MORICANDIA Pils. & Van. (n. s.-g.), type fusiformis Rang.

4. SPIXIA Pils. & Van. (n. s.-g.), type spixii Pfr., wagneri Spix.

5. PLAGIODONTES Doering, type dentatus Wood.

6. MACRODONTES Swains., type odontostomus Sowb.

Typical Odontostomus includes the largest and most solid forms,

with very large aperture-teeth and folds; all are from eastern

Brazil ; Mbricandia is also a Brazilian group. Part of the species^

such as angulatus Wagn., auriscervina Fer., fusiformis Rang, ivilli

Dohrn., nasutus Mart., bouvieri Dautz., would naturally be referred,

as most of them have been, to Goniostomus ; but their affinities are

with 0. bahiensis, pundatissimus, and other dentate species. Spixia

has vertical riblets at the apex, as in the Bulimulid group Ortho-

toiniwn. Qyclodontina, which we revive in a much restricted sense,

is mainly a group of southern Brazil. Plagiodontes is an Argen-

tine group, with a host of species, many of which have not been

properly defined. The apex is densely wave-striolate. Macrodontes

58 THE NAUTILUS.

differs from the foregoing in the conspicuous development of a con-

tinuous peristome and the strong spiral striation of the earlier

whorls. The species are few — 0. odontostomus Sowb., grayanm

Pfr.Jasciatus Dohrn (Novit. Conch. Ill, p. 473, pi. 102, f. 16, 17),

degeneratus v. Iher. & Pils., aud finally 0. cordovanus Pfr., for

which the suhgeneric names Scalarinella and Clessinia have been

proposed, is probably a slender member of the subgenus Macrodontes.

POSTAGE ON NATUKAL HISTORY SPECIMENS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

No doubt many of our readers wish to renew or open ex-

changes with foreign Conchologists, at present impracticable, owing

to the fact that letter rates have to be paid on natural history

specimens. Reference to this matter was made in THE NAUTILUS,

Vol. VII, p. 58 and Vol. X, p. 127. The Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia took the initiative in securing the ad-

mission of specimens of natural history to the mails of the Universal

Postal Union as "samples of merchandise" and appointed a

Committee, which reported as follows:

Your Committee have now but to make its official report of the generally

well-known fact that the proposed modification as regards Natural History

specimens was adopted at the Washington Congress of the Universal

Postal Union in May last. The adoption of this modification is referred to

by the Superintendent of Foreign Mails of the U. S. Post Office, Mr. N. M.

Brooks, in his Report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1897, and dated

Washington, Oct. 13, 1897. The reference is as follows: Alluding to the

work of the Universal Postal Congress, Mr. Brooks says (p. 7), "The

following are, however, matters of general interest or importance which it

may be well to mention, viz.: .... (4) Natural History specimens

are admitted at the rate and under the conditions applicable to samples of

merchandise." The same Report contains the full text of the convention

concluded by the congress, and on page 42 contains the paragraph in

question (chap, iii, art. xvii, parag. 5) as follows: "There are likewise

admitted at the rate applicable to samples, articles of natural history, dried

or preserved animals and plants, geological specimens etc., which are not

transmitted for a commercial purpose, and which are wrapped in con-

formity with the general stipulations concerning samples of merchandise."

The rate for samples is fixed at 5 centimes for every fifty grams, that is 1

cent for every two ounces. According to art. 28 of chapter i. this Conven-

tion is not to be put into execution until January 1, 1899.

Your Committee has, therefore, fulfilled its labors and congratulates the

Academy that the end aimed at in the first circular [see the NAUTILUS for

THE NAUTILUS. 59

September, 1893, p. 58] issued by the Academy has been completely

achieved. This result is the more gratifying in view of the predictions of

failure freely expressed when your Committee entered upon its labors. It

would, of course, be presumptuous to claim that the Academy's endeavors

have been more than one of the factors in this achievement, but in such

an international matter every such factor is of great importance.

It may not be amiss to add here, for the benefit of our readers,

further extracts from the above quoted Convention of the Univer-

sal Postal Union contained in Mr. Brook's Report pp. 27 et seq.

" Packets of samples of merchandise may not contain any article having

a salable value; they must not exceed 350 grams [12.35 Avoirdupois ounces]

in weight, or measure more than 30 centimetres [11.8 inches] in length, 20

centimetres [7.87 inches] in breadth, and 10 centimetres [3.93 inches] in

depth, or, if they are in the form of a roll, 30 centimetres [11.8 inches] in

length and 15 centimetres [5.9 inches] in diameter." (chap, i, art. 5, sect. 5).

"It is forbidden: First, to send by mail: (a) sample and other articles

which, from their nature, may prove dangerous to the postal employees, soil

or injure the correspondence ; (/') explosive, inflammable or dangerous sub-

stances, animals and insects, living or dead, excepting the cases provided for

in the Regulations of detail." ' (chap, i, art. 16, sect. 3).

The conditions which must be observed for the transmission of samples of

merchandise remain as before — the packages to admit of easy inspection, not

to "bear any manuscript other than the name or the social position of the

sender, the address of the addressee, a manufacturer's or a trade-mark,

number of order, prices and indications relating to weight and size, as well as

to the quantity to be disposed of, or those which are necessary to precisely

indicate the origin and nature of the merchandise," while articles of glass,

liquids, oils, fatty substances and dry powders must be packed to prevent

their damaging, or escaping into, the other contents of mails (chap, iii, art.

xvli).

*The "Regulations of detail and order lor the Execution of the Convention" form

chapter iii, fiom which the most important— to naturalists— of our preceding quotations

is taken.

GENERAL NOTES.

SHELLS OF REDDING, SHASTA Co., CALIFORNIA. — Mr. Richard

C. McGregor, one of the enterprising ornithologists of California, has

been so good as to collect some mollusks at Redding, on the Sacr-

mento River, for the Academy of Natural Sciences. He found a

specimen of Polygyra Roperi, of which only the original three exam-

ples found by Mr. E. W. Roper have been known hitherto. The

discovery of " Ancylus" patelloidea Lea, living and abundant, is the

most important find. The list is as follows :

Epiphragmophora mormonum Pfr., one young specimen.

Polygyra Roperi Pils. One specimen.

^

•60 THE NAUTILUS.

Vallonia pulchella Mull. "In a yard at base of rose bushes"

not before reported from California. Possibly imported with the

roses.

Pompholyx effusa Lea.

Planorbis lumens Cpr.

Planorbis parvus Say.

Llmnce.a adelincc Tryon.

Ancylas oregonensis Clessin.

Lanx patell.oidea Lea. This species, originally described as an

Ancylns, is the only species of Ancylinse with variegated, opaque

coloring. It looks a good deal like Acmcea testudinalis var. alveus

Conr. Notes on the anatomy with illustrations, will be given later.

NOTE ON THE SUBGENUS EucosMiA CPR. — Eucosmia, comprises

a number of minute shells like Phasianella in smoothness and the

stony operculum, but differing in being depressed with very short

spire. Carpenter described four species from Cape St. Lucas and

Mazatlan, — variegata with var. substriata, pitndata, cyclostoma and

striatula. Dull has lately described another lurida, from British

Columbia ; perhaps Turbo phasianella C. B. Adams, from Panama

belongs here, and minima Phil, from Peru pretty certainly does.

In the Gulf of Mexico we have E. brevis Orb. No species from

other than American waters are known to belong here. It has

hitherto escaped notice, I believe, that the name Eucosmia is pre-

occupied in zoology for a group of moths established by Stephens

in 1829. The Molluscan Eucosmia may therefore be called Eulithi-

dium to distinguish it from the group of Lepidoptera.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

NOTES SUR LA FAUNA DU HAUT TONQUIN, par H. Fischer (Bull.

Sci. France et Belg. xxviii, 1898). The present paper relates to

shells collected by Dr. A. Billet. Interesting new species of Cama'.iui,

Plectopylis, Clausilia etc., are described and figured.

/•

ARMATURE OF HELICOID LAND SHELLS, by G. K. Gude (Science-

Gossip iv, No. 44, 45). We have already alluded to this very

important series of papers. The present installments continue the

genus Plectopylis, the following being new: P. leucochilus, P.

perrieroe, P. blanda.

VOL. XII.

PLATE

WILLIAM HENRY DECAMP.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XII. OCTOBER, 1898. No. 6.

WILLIAM HENEY DECAMP.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

Thirty-five years ago, Grand Rapids might fairly have been

called the scientific center of Michigan. Through the energy and

enthusiasm of a little group of men interested in natural history, the

Kent Scientific Institute was organized, and a great deal of good

work was accomplished in developing the fauna and flora of the

western part of the State.

Prominent among the founders of the infant institution were three

men, who were particularly interested in conchology, and through

whose efforts the richness of the molluscan fauna of Michigan was

developed with a thoroughness that has few parallels in the States

west of the Allegheny Mountains.

The names of A. O. Currier, J. A. McNiell and W. H. DeCarup

will always be familiar to the students of Michigan who may follow

their footsteps in the field of their favorite pursuit.

By the death of Dr. DeCamp, which occurred on July 4th, the

last of this little group has been called away from the activities of

this life to " the unknown bourne."

Dr. DeCamp was born at Mt. Morris, Livingston County, New

York, November 6, 1825. He received his medical education in

the medical department of the University of New York and the

Medical College of Geneva, New York, where he graduated in 1847.

He at once entered upon active practice in his native State, where

he remained for eight years. In 1855, compelled by failing health,

62 THE NAUTILUS.

he removed to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and resided there continu-

ously until his death. From 1855 to 1857 he was engaged in the-

drug business, but having been ruined by the destruction of his store

by fire in that year, he resumed the active practice of his profession

in which he continued until overtaken by his last illness.

He made a specialty of surgery and acquired a large and success-

ful practice. He was a member of the American Medical Associa-

tion, the Michigan State Medical Society and the Grand Rapids

Medical and Surgical Society, and, by the latter two, was, at differ-

ent times, honored with the presidency. He was the author of a

number of papers on medical and surgical subjects, which appeared

in the proceedings of these societies and in different medical journals.

He was also a member of the American Association for the Ad-

vancement of Science, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-

phia, and other scientific societies.

Upon the breaking out of the war in 1861, he was commissioned

surgeon of the First Michigan Regiment of Engineers and Mechan-

ics, and remained in the service until 1864, when he was mustered

out with his regiment. During the winter of 1862-3, he was Post

Medical Director at Harrodsburg, Ky., where 1,500 Confederate

wounded bad been left by General Bragg in his retreat from Ken-

tucky after the battle of Perryville.

From an early day, Dr. DeCamp was an active and enthusiastic

student of natural history. Geology, botany, ornithology, entomol-

ogy and conchology all received his attention and contributed to the

fine collection which, in course of many years collecting, was accu-

mulated by him.

It was conchology, however, that, from the time of his removal to

Grand Rapids, especially occupied his attention, and his work in this

department will be his most lasting monument.

He was an assiduous collector. During his army life he took ad-

vantage of his opportunities in the south to pursue his favorite study

and thereby acquired many interesting species. This material was

forwarded by him to Mr. Currier, and by the latter to Dr. Isaac Lea

and other eastern naturalists for determination. A somewhat ha§ty

review of the literature has shown that the following new species

were discovered by him during this period : —

Pleurocera currierianum Lea.

Pleurocera bicinctum Try on.

Goniobasis decampii Lea.

THE NAUTILUS. \

>>N&

Goniobasis louisvillensis Lea.

Gouiobasis informis Lea.

Euryccelon leaii Tryon.

Campeloma decamjni W. G. Binn.

Somatogyrus currierianus Lea.

Unio depygis Con.

Two new species were added to the fauna of Michigan from bis

•collection, viz. : Succinea decampii Tryon and Vertigo morsei Sterki.

The types of Limncea desidiosa var. decampii Streng, recently de-

scribed in THE NAUTILUS, were also found by him.

In 1881, under the auspices of the Kent Scientific Institute, Dr.

DeCamp published an elaborate "Catalogue of the Shell-Bearing

Mollusca of Michigan." This, which is his only publication in

conchology, contains a list of 221 species and 9 varieties, and was

the most complete list of the State fauna published up to that time.

Eliminating synonyms and doubtful forms, it gives a total of 185

species as now recognized as against 149 species cited in Currier's

catalogue of 1868. It also is of particular value as containing de-

scriptions and figures of three species named but never formally de-

scribed by Currier, viz.: Limncea contrada, Physa parkeri and Ano-

donta houghtonensis. He was an enthusiast in his scientific work,

and his time and collection were always at the service of his fellow

collectors.

Through his generosity the first set of his Michigan shells, upon

•which his catalogue was based, is a cherished part of the writer's

collection, and the remainder of his shells have been deposited in the

Kent Scientific Institute, where they " will be kept to benefit and

instruct those who come after him."

A DAY ON THE CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL.

BY FRANK C. BAKER.

July 30th, the Chicago Academy of Sciences spent its annual

field day on that wonderful engineering triumph, the Chicago Drain-

age Canal, and conchological results of the excursion may be of

some interest to the readers of the NAUTILUS.

The day was all that could have been desired, the sun being more

or less obscured by clouds, which made collecting more comfortable

64 THE NAUTILUS.

than under the boiling sun. The first stop was made at a point a

few miles from the city, where the canal cut through the glacial

clay or till. In a small stream by the side of the Santa Fe tracks,

the conchologists picked up Vivipara contectoides, Planorbis tricol-

vis, Sphcerium stamineium and S. simile, the first named species being

very abundant.

The second stop was made just east of Summit, where the canal

cut through blue till, in some places almost as hard as rock.1 In

one corner of the canal at this locality the bank and ground was

fairly paved with minute shells perfectly preserved and of a whitish

or chalky color. From this spot we collected Bythinella nickli-

niana, Amnicola limosa, A. I untried, Cincinnatis cincinnatiensis,

Planorbis truncatus !, P. campanulatus, P. deflectus and Vulvaia tri-

carinata, the last two species being represented by thousands of in-

dividuals. These mollusks are all referable to the Pleistocene

deposits; P. truncatus was typical and very rare, as but one speci-

men was found. From the Desplaines River Mr. Woodruff col-

lected Alasmodonta complanata, A. deltoidea, Anodonta grandis,

Li/iiipsllis luteolus and Calyculina truncata, the later very large.

At Willow Springs, which was the next station, I spent about

three-quarters of an hour hunting for Anodonta imbecilis, but only

succeeded in finding one half grown specimen. This is the only

locality, so far as known, for this species in the Chicago area, and

we had entertained high hopes of finding a " colony " of them, but

such was not to be. The specimen collected was found in a soft,

slimy, black mud, filled with broken bottles, tin cans, etc. Under

an old bridge we found Succinea retusa very plentiful.

A long stop was made at Lemont to enable the palaeontologists

to examine the many piles of limestone, which had been blasted from

the canal, in search of Niagara fossils. Only a few were found, and

those were very imperfect. Some brachiopods, a few mollusks, in-

cluding several large Cyrtolites ampUcorne, and an occasional Crin-

oid or trilobite was all that rewarded the geologists. The small boy

got suddenly rich selling the common Niagara Calymene (C. niap-

arensis) at from five to twenty-five cents each, according to quality.

No recent mollusks were found.

At Romeo, Dr. H. N. Lyon and myself walked half a mile north

to the Desplaines River, and found a good collecting spot where the

river ran over a bed of limestone arranged in ledges, and was quite

1 See Leverett, Bull. 2, Geol. & N., 16 Surv., Chi. Acad. Sci., p. 49.

THE NAUTILUS. 65

shallow. Here we found Planorbis trivolvis, P. bicarinatus, Limncea

desidiosa and Goniobasis livescens. Among the latter there were

many which connected livescens with depygis, having well marked

color bands and a purple timed columella.

The last stop was made at Lockport where the train waited over

an hour, and while the majority of the party studied the bear trap

dam, the conchologists "pocketed" their cans and bottles and

climbed (or fell) to a good sized creek (a branch of the Desplaines

Kiver). Limncea palustris was here so abundant that it could be

collected by the quart, and they were all large, fine specimens.

Many specimens were very long and pointed and seemed to show a

tendency toward L. refl.exa. The stream was very rapid, and Lim-

ncea and Planorbis seemed to be the only genera able to live in any

numbers. Physa was abundant dead, but only three or four living

specimens could be found. It decidedly prefers still water in this

region. A single specimen of L. palustris was found in which the

base had suffered some injury, and the aperture was thrown off to

the right, leaving a wide and deep false umbilicus. We collected

here Limncea palustris, L. caperata, L. humilis, Planorbis trivolvis,

P. bicarinatus, Aplexa hypnorum and Physa heterostroplia.

Physa heterostropha at this locality shows a wide range of varia-

tion. Some are long and cylindrical, others broad and stumpy, and

the spire runs from obtuse to pointed. The number of whorls was

invariably the same. In this lot one could easily pick out such

pseudo species as gyrina, cyliadrica, parva, oleacea and soyii. The

writer has recently tried Crosse and Fischer's suggestion in regard to

specific characters in the form of the teeth on the radula, but thus

far with a decidedly negative result.

The results of the field day, conchologically, may be summed up

as follows : Pleistocene species 8, recent species 19. We carried

home several quarts of mollusks.

A NEW SPH.ZER1UM.

BY F. C. BAKER.

Sphaerium lilycashense sp. nov.

Shell differing from typical striatimim in being larger, more reg-

ularly oval, much more inflated and with the umbones more inflated

66 THE NAUTILUS.

and placed nearer the centre; the posterior end is broadly rounded

in the variety, while in the typical form it is much produced and

somewhat ram-shaped ; the color varies from light yellowish horn to

rather dark horn, with an occasional zone of yellowish ; the surface

is smooth and polished, the growth lines being faint on the umbones,

but stronger on the ventral border.

Length 14.00, height 11.00, breadth 8.50 mill.

Length 12.50, height 9.75, breadth 7.50 mill.

Habitat. — Lilycash Creek, near Joliet (coll. by J. H. Handwerk).

This variety was referred to Dr. V. Sterki by Mr. Handwerk, and

considered by him to be au uuusal form of striatinum, but he did

not consider it distinct from the typical form. After examining a

large number of specimens the writer has concluded that it is a form

distinct enough for a specific name. Its beautiful polished surface

and inflated shell will at once distinguish it from striatinum. It is

shaped differently from stamineum and the beak sculpture is very

much finer.

Another form is found associated with the variety which is in a

sense intermediate between the typical form and the variety, having

a more oval shell than the type, but not being so much inflated as

the variety ; it is very dark chestnut or dark brown in color. Sev-

eral specimens of this form had the hinge wholly or partly inverse.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF OLIVELLA.

BY JOHN FORD.

Olivella Blanesi n. sp.

Shell ovate, white, somewhat translucent, ornamented with three

spiral series of irregularly formed crimson spots, one (of very small

spots) at the suture, the others central and basal ; the rest of the

surface showing a faint reticulation of the same color in some speci-

mens. Whorls 5, spire produced, rather acute; suture chanelled.

Aperture half the length of the shell, acuminate above, widest below

the middle; basal notch wide, columella very short, vertical, cylin-

drical and smooth, making a decided angle with the parietal wall,

forming a deep sinus ; basal fascicle smooth.

Length 8.9, diam. 3.8. length of aperture 4.75 mm.

Length 7.5, diam. 3.2, length of aperture 4 mm.

Locality. — Cardenas, Cuba.

THE NAUTILUS. 67

The species has apparently heretofore been mistaken for 0. rosn-

lina, although the one is quite distinct from the other, especially so

in general form, number of spiral whorls, and the non-appearance

in 0. Blanesi of the rose colored base of the columella, which is sel-

dom if ever absent in 0. rosalina.

A fine suite of these shells has been in my collection for several

years, unnamed. Though convinced that they were an undescribed

species they remained neglected until I recently found in the fine

collection of Mr. Francisco E. Blanes, late of Cuba, a large number

of the same form mistakenly labelled 0. rosalina Duclos. All, or

nearly all of this entire lot had been collected by himself near Car-

denas, Cuba. A brief explanation and comparison with genuine 0.

rosalina was sufficient to satisfy him of their distinct character, and

the result is the new name, Olivella Blanesi.

Specimens entirely white, secured at the same locality might well

be termed var. alba. Some suspicion that these colorless shells

might be identical with 0. pura or 0. bullula as figured by Reeve

being felt, specimens were submitted by a friend to Mr. E. R. Sykes

of London for comparison with Reeve's types. To his kind assist-

ance the following report is due: "I have compared your Olivella

(with Mr. Smith's ever ready helping hand). It does not seem to

be either pur a or bullula. Pura may not be the actual type, as it is

recorded by Reeve as in ' Mus. Metcalfe.' It is much more drawn out

than your shell. The one specimen is in pretty good condition and

seems never to have had much color marking, certainly not like

yours. 0. bullula here is snow white, but is thin and worn, so may

have had some color. It is slightly more elongate and does not show

the sinus that your species has in the columella. Very probably

vours is new."

A figure will be given later.

AN INTERROGATION IN REGARD TO SEPTIFER BIFURCATUS RVE.,

AND MYTILUS BIFURCATUS CONR.

BY MRS. M. BURTON WILLIAMSON.

Shells that vary from the type sometimes raise a question in re-

gard to the stability of their specific or generic values. Typical

shells of Septifer bifurcatus Rve. and Mytilus bifurcatus Conr. are

68 THE NAUTILUS.

unlike in the shape of their valves as well as in the presence or ab-

sence of a septum. Yet some shells of the latter resemble the former

so closely that it is sometimes necessary to open each shell in order

to distinguish one from the other. The approximation appears too

close for not only a generic, but a subfamily distinction to be main-

tained between them. It appears to rest upon the presence or ab-

sence of a septum. A shell having the same shape as the typical

Mytilus bifurcatus has, upon examination, revealed the deck or sep-

tum. On December 1, 1888, on one of the wooden piles of the old

wharf at Santa Monica, Cal., I found shells of Mytilus bifurcatus in

company with young examples of Mytilus californianus Conr., and

some goose barnacles. One specimen was 1 of an inch from umbo

to ventral margin, and in its widest part I of an inch. It was

curved as in the type. There were three other shells, all like thi&

one, only smaller. They were together and attached either by their

own or the byssus of M. californianus. Three shells were opened

and the absence of a septum noted. One specimen got broken and

one was sent to another Los Angeles collector. In an exchange

with Mr. W. J. Raymond, of Oakland, Cal., the one shell that had

not been opened was sent to him, and I was surprised when he wrote

that he had found a good-sized "deck in it! " They were all typi-

cal Mytilus bifurcatus in appearance.

My confidence in the constancy of the form of Mytilus bifurcattis

was further shaken by receiving what appeared to be four young

shells of Septifer bifurcatus that Mr. Raymond had received from

San Diego. One of these was without a deck, and Mr. Raymond

called my attention to it as a proof that M. bifurcatus could resem-

ble, in shape, a Septifer more closely than a Mytilus. Here we

have an illustration that a shell found among young Septifers, and

their counterpart externally, is a Mytilus bifurcatus, and one shell,

in form, that looks like a typical M. bifurcatus, proves to be a Sep-

tifer.

The San Diego examples from Mr. Raymond all have purple in-

teriors, and the Santa Monica example has a white interior. But-

some shells, collected at one of the " Points " in Los Angeles County

and sent for identification by Mrs. E. A. Lawrence, are also white

in their interiors. But there is a marked difference between the

Santa Monica Mytilus and those from the "Point" and San Diego

in their outward appearance.

In order to determine the genus to which each belongs, the value

THE NAUTILUS. 69

seems to vest upon the presence or absence of a septum. As this

generic character may he present or absent in some of the shells

found in the same place, an interrogation naturally arises as to the

value to be placed upon the septum in separating approximate forms

into two different subfamilies, the Mytilinre and Dreisseusinre.

NOTE ON SEPTIFER BIFURCATUS CONRAD.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND W. J. RAYMOND.1

Among the shells brought home by Thomas Nuttall from his jour-

ney to the Pacific coast and the Hawaiian Islands, were specimens

of a mussel which Conrad named Mytilus bifurcatus? Two speci-

mens of this species were presented by Nuttull to the Academy of

Natural Sciences,3 where they are still preserved.

Conrad gave the locality " Sandwich Is." for his species; but the

specimens were probably from California. In the Conchologia Icon-

ica, vol. 10, Mytilus, pi. 9, fig. 41 (1851), Reeve figures and de-

scribes a specimen from Cuming's collection as Mytilus bifurcatus

Conrad, giving no locality. I do not know that the interior of this

shell has been examined ; but Nuttall's shells in the Academy col-

lection prove to belong to the genus Septifer, having a well-developed

septum or little deck across the apices of the valve cavities. There

is no especial reason for believing Reeve's specimen to be a true

Mytilus; but if they should be, the name M. bifurcatus Reeve can-

not be retained, on account of the conflict with Conrad's prior M.

bifurcatus.

As Mrs. Williamson's article (above) shows, California!! conchol-

ogists find two species excessively similar externally upon the Call-

1 In placing Mr. Raymond's name with my own, it should be mentioned that

he is directly responsible only for the passages placed in quotation marks ;

though indirectly for the positions taken in the remainder of the article. — H.

A. P.

2 Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, VII, 1834,

p. 241, pi. 18, fig. 14.

3 Neither of these shells seems to be the original of Conrad's figure, and

probably that particular shell has been smashed and discarded, the specimens

having been glued to a card and consequently exposed to such accidents. A

nearly complete series of Nuttall's shells is in the Academy Collection, includ-

ing some not described by Conrad.

70 THE NAUTILUS.

fornian coast, one a true Mytilus, the other a Septifer. As long ago

as 1882, Dr. R. E. C. Stearns* noticed this fact. It would seem,

therefore, that the shell called Mytilus bifurcatus by West Coast

conchologists requires another name. I have not seen Mytilus mul-

tiformis Carpenter,5 but from the description and measurements of

that species I would consider it a distinct polymorphic species or a

composite of two species. In the latter case the smooth form may

retain Carpenter's name. At all events, nothing like the variability

in sculpture or degree of inflation, which Carpenter says character-

ize his species, are found in the California!) Mytilus under consider-

ation, which is invariably corrugated and never green in color. I

would, therefore, in conjunction, with Mr. Raymond, propose that

our form " be called Mytilus Stearnsi, since Dr. Stearns was the

first to definitely show that a true Mytilus of this type is found on

our coast." " Usually the two species can be separated by external

characters. In the Mytilus the umbonal (diagonal) ridge is strongly

developed, the valves of the adult shell are very deep, and the ven-

tral margin is generally incurved. Inside, besides the absence of

the septum, there are several denticles at the angle of the hinge

line, which are rather stronger than the corresponding crenulations

of Septifer bifurcatus; Mytilus is also lighter colored ventrally.

" I have no doubt Nuttall's shells came from this State, for

from Santa Barbara southward it is an extremely abundant species,

covering the rocks in places. The Mytilus is smaller and might

easily be passed over as the young of Septifer. I have many Septi-

fers from Santa Barbara, but no Mytilus among them. I have Sep-

tifers from San Diego collected by Crawford, and among these I

found the few Mytilus mentioned by Mrs. Williamson." Septifer

bifurcatus was collected by Henry Hernphillat San Hippolite Point,

Lower California, and Mytilus Stearnsi he found at the same local-

ity and also at San Ignacio Lagoon on the peninsula.

The type of Mytilus Stearnsi Pils. & Raym. (plate 4, figs. 1, 2,

3), is a San Diego specimen. So far as the series before me shows,

M. Stearnsi does not grow so large as S. bifurcatus, a length of 25'

ram., or one inch being a good size, while bifurcatus may measure

nearly double that. An " unusually large " specimen of Carpenter's

*Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1882, p. 241. See also Dall and Orcutt,

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 551, and Keep, West Coast Shells, pp. 171,

173. In the latter work Conrad's name is misapplied.

5Ma/atlan Catalogue, p. 118.

THE NAUTILUS. 71

M. multiformis measured : length 0.45, width 0.24, diam. 0.32 inch.

This would be very small for M. Stearnsi. As to color, our species

seems to be invariably brownish-purple above, with the ventral face

straw colored, white beneath the cuticle. None of the specimens I

have seen could be called green. Carpenter describes M, multifor-

mis as " purpureo, ad marginum ventralem viridi," with a variation

" omnino riridi."

Regarding the question raised by Mrs. Williamson, it may be said

that all the main genera of Myt'didos have both corrugated and

smooth species, and experience has shown that the character:- upon

which the genera are founded, such as the presence of a septum,

the position of the beaks and sculpture of the hinge line, are largely

independent of the surface sculpture, the latter being a compara-

tively trivial character. At the same time, it is remarkable that

two species of different genera, and so similar in external characters,

should be found living together. It is probably a case of conver-

gence of specific characters through the influence of identical exter-

nal conditions.

NOTES AND NEWS.

The death of Mons. J. C. HIPPOLITE CROSSE, on the 7th of Aug-

ust, removes one more prominent French conchologist from the

ranks. For many years editor of the Journal de Conchy liologie,

Crosse had become known to malacologists the world over as one of

most able and industrious workers on mollusca ; and by many con-

chologists to whom he was personally known and esteemed, his loss

will be felt with deep regret. A biographical notice will follow

later.

VALLONIA ON THE PACIFIC SLOPE. — In THE NAUTILUS for

September, in a note on " Shells of Redding, Shasta Co., Califor-

nia," Vallonia pulchella Mull., is quoted as " not before reported

from California." In my collection I have this species from Oak-

land, Cal., collected by Mr. Fred L. Button of that city, and in Dr.

J. G. Cooper's Catalogue of West North American Shells, he quotes

this species as " circumboreal " and found as far south as " Mono

County, California." In " Subalpine Mollusca of the Sierra Ne-

vada," by W. J- Raymond, he reports finding V. pulchella var.

72 THE NAUTILUS.

costata in one of the canons — represented by one example. In the

same bulletin Dr. Cooper adds additional notes, and he lists V. />"/-

chel/a at Douner Lake and near Truckee, both in Navada County,

California. Of the presence of this species in Oakland, probably

Mr. Button could supply more data. — M. BURTON WILLIAMSON.

NOMENCLATURE OF SOME AFRICAN LAND SHELLS. — When study-

ing the African mollusks, I remarked that the name Ennea micro-

stoma Smith, proposed for an African species, already is preoccupied

by Mollendorff for a Chinese species. Hence I should propose to

call the former E. strictilabris ; also Vertigo thawnasta Melvill &

Ponsonby is the same as V. sinistrorsa Craven ; also Hapalus is pre-

occupied in entomology, and must be called (Jnrvella diaper ; also

Faula preoccupied in Coleoptera, must be relegated to the synonymy

of Favxuliis, Schaufuss. — C. F. ANCEY.

ISCHNOCHITON ONiscus. — The words " lateral " and " median "

were transposed in line 2, p. 42 of the August' number, in describing

this species.

NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

REVISION OF THE MARINE GASTROPODS REFERRED TO CYCLOS-

TREMA, ADEORBIS, VITRINELLA and related genera, with descrip-

tions of some new genera and species belonging to the Atlantic,

Fauna of America, by Katharine Jeannette Bush (Trans. Con-

necticut Academy, x). An attempt to define and limit these difficult

groups by determining their type species, which are mostly figured,

and enumerating the Atlantic coast species. Several described

groups, such as Callomphalus Ad. & Ang. are omitted, and the

details of dentition are rather scanty and insufficiently illustrated, but

the paper is sufficiently complete to be of very great assistance to

those who in future work upon these genera. The new genera

Lissospira Leptofjyra, Molleriopsis, Choristella, Cyclostremella are'

established.

THE NON-MARINE MOLLUSCS OF ESSEX. By Wilfred Mark

Webb. — Reprint from The Essex Naturalist, Vol. X. pages 27-48

and 65-81, 1897.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XII. NOVEMBER, 1898. No. 7.

SHELL COLLECTING AT MT. DESERT, MAINE.

BY JOHN B. HENDERSON, JR.

The coast of Maine has been thoroughly explored by biologists for

many years, and has, indeed, become a classic ground in the annals

of American conchology. Frenchman's Bay and the waters imme-

diately about Mt. Desert seem to have been less exploited than other

localities in Maine. Collectors of marine invertebrates going " down

East" generally take their dredges and trawls to Casco Bay, or,

if more ambitious, they hurry on to the famous old collecting region

about Eastport and Grand Menan. A few notes from the shores of

Mt. Desert Island may, however, prove acceptable.

Frenchman's Bay is a large body of water with a wide pass out

to sea which is somewhat obstructed with bold, rocky islands.

Through the openings between these islands the twelve and fourteen

feet tides flow with great swiftness, scouring out the channels to a

depth of from forty to fifty fathoms. In these deep places a tough

form of algae clings tenaciously to the rocky bottom, and harbors

within its tangle of branches and stems a vast multitude of small

crustaceans (often phosphorescent), many curious star-fishes, and a

wen 1th of molluscan life. Margarita cinerea, an occasional Scala

groenlandica, abundant Trophon clathratus, Bela turricula and de-

cusxata, Cemoria noachina, young Sipho, and the lively little Nassa

trivittata were observed. Dredging in these deep, rocky places is

attended with many difficulties, but often yields satisfactory results.

The general average depth of the bay is twenty to thirty fathoms.

The bottom is mud, with patches here and there of hard, pebbly

74 THE NAUTILUS.

ground, becoming rocky. These stretches of hard bottom are often

the resort of great numbers of Pecten magellanicus, known to the

natives as "scallops." This giant among the Pectens is gathered

somewhat extensively for the markets, but does not make a particu-

larly dainty dish. It is best collected by sinking or draging along

a fishing-line over the bottom of the scallop beds. The big fellows

seize the line viciously and permit themselves to be hauled out of

the water ; unfortunately, adult specimens are usually badly eroded.

Such stations contain Crenella glandula ; they swarm with Nassa

trivittata, and seem literally to be paved with Nucula proximo,. The

mud bottom is fairly rich in Lunatia triseriata, Yoldia limatala and

thraciceformis, and again Nucula proximo,. Leda tenuisulcata is

occasionally met.

Passing out to the open sea the water very gradually deepens,

and patches of shelly bottom are frequent. These places, made up

for the most part of broken shells, fine gravel and sand, offer good

rewards to the collector. Dentalium entails, Turrit el la erosa, Pecten

islandicus (dead), Cardium pinnulatum, Aatarte snlcata and Tere-

bratulina septemtrionalis, the latter, invariably imbedded in sponges,

may be readily obtained.

Upon the rocks between tide?, the usual Litorinas, together with

Purpura lapillus, are always abundant, a splendid red variety of the

latter occurring near Otter Cliffs. Just below the low-tide mark,

Chrysodomus decemcostatus and a degenerate form of Bucdnum un-

datum, range. Their home among the rocks protects them from

the dredge, but they may be easily tempted by bait. In all rocky

places of moderate depth the pretty little Margarita undulata,

tinged with red and iridescent within, can be found.

On flats, exposed by the receding tide, of which there are a few

in the vicinity of Mt. Desert, the soft clam, Mya arenaria, lives

buried several inches below the surface. The number of these

creatures annually taken by fishermen for bait from the "Bar" at

Bar Harbor, figures well into the hundreds of thousands, yet the

supply never seems to diminish.

A few dead valves of Arctica islandica indicates the presence ^of

this boreal species in the bay. A more thorough examination of the

depths of the harbor would undoubtedly reveal many more interest-

ing things to the explorer than I came across in my two or three

moderately successful dredging expeditions at Bar Harbor last

summer.

THE NAUTILUS.

A NEW POLYGYRA FROM NEW MEXICO.

BY W. H. DALL.

Polygyra miorhyssa n. sp.

Shell depressed, dark brown with about five and one third rounded

whorls, the periphery somewhat above the middle of the outer whorl ;

suture distinct, umbilicus small, deep, narrowing rapidly toward the

apex ; surface polished, with microscopic revolving strise and fine,

small, slightly irregularly distributed oblique transverse ridges;

aperture subcircular with a reflected white peristome continued

over the body by a thin, translucent callus; within the aperture is

small, oblique, white parietal tooth, the reflected peristorne lias an

obscure thickening inside the peripheral part, and another more

distinct inside the base. Alt. 8.5, lat. 15.5 mm.

Habitat : Sierra Blanca, Lincoln Co., New Mexico, Rev. E. H.

Ashnmn and C. H. Tyler Towusend, from localities between 7,500

and 8,500 feet above the sea.

This species is one of a group comprising the species described by

me under the names of Polygyra Ashmuni, pseudodonta, chirica-

hnana and rhyssa, all characteristic of high altitudes in the mount-

ains of New Mexico and Arizona, and doubtless derived from a

single original stock. To this P. Levettei also seems allied, or, per-

haps, is conchologically intermediate between the above group and

the species like P. Mearnsii. The present species is most nearly re-

lated to P. rhyssa, which is a coarser, more rugose and lighter colored

shell and usually of larger size.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW AMPULLARIA FROM FLORIDA.

BY WM. H. DALL.

Ampullaria Pinei n. sp.

Shell large, thin, with a depressed spire, polished surface and five

rounded whorls separated by a narrowly channelled suture; sculp-

ture of obscure incremental lines and numerous indistinct low re-

volving ridges, variably prominent in different specimens ; besides

these there are very fine, sharp, minute, obscurely beaded revolving

threads with rather wide interspaces, which are occupied by micro-

scopic revolving striae ; this sculpture is often more or less obsolete,

but traces of it can usually be found on any specimen ; color of the

76 THE NAUTILUS.

shell dark livid olive, often lighter near the aperture with a broad

band near the suture and numerous, narrow revolving bands below,

of a paler olive; near the base there is usually an area somewhat

darker ; throat deep livid purple, with a light subsutural band, and

the smaller bauds visible by transmitted light, the peristome bor-

dered with a conspicuous vitreous red margin, especially on the

inner lip ; aperture rounded above and below, with a thick parietal

callus, umbilicus narrow and deep. Alt. of shell 60, of last whorl

58, of aperture 47 ; lat. of shell 65, of aperture 35 mm. Operculum

thin, horny, externally finely concentrically striated, and of a black-

ish olive-green.

Habitat: Homosassa River, Florida, collected by Mr. George

Pine.

This species is related to A. depressa Say and A. Ghiesbrechti Phil.,

but separated from both by its form, sculpture and color. It is most

readily recognized by its deep red border to the aperture, wide shell

and very depressed spire.

NEW POLYGYRAS FROM WHITE MOUNTAIN, NEW MEXICO.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

Polygyra altissima n. sp.

Shell with 5J whorls, pale yellowish-brown, suture moderately

deep, spire flattened and low, periphery rounded ; apical whorls

nearly smooth, with little sculpture as far as the middle of the

penultimate whorl, after which the shell becomes distinctly and

strongly obliquely ribbed, the ribs near the aperture being particu-

larly strong ; the last whorl bears about 48 of these ribs. Umbili-

cus narrow and deep. Aperture obliquely semilunar ; the peristome

subcircular except where interrupted by the parietal wall, strongly

thickened, recurved with a sharp edge, yellowish- white, without

teeth. No parietal denticle. Diam., max. 12, min. 10 mm. ; alt. 6 mnr.

Hab. — Highest summit of White Mountain (Sierra Blanca),

Lincoln Co., New Mexico, altitude 11,092 feet; three under a rock,

Aug. 14, 1898. Collected by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend.

The specimens are practically alike, and differ greatly from P.

rhyssa Dall, to which they are most nearly related, and from which

they are presumably descended — or ascended, I suppose we should

say, considering the altitude at which they are found !

THE NAUTILUS. 77

Compared with P. rhyssa, P. altissima is not only much smaller,

but also much flatter, with the aperture consequently narrower and

the last whorl less evenly rounded. I have specimens of P. rhyssa

from the original locality, collected by Mr. Ashmun ; the species

was also found by Prof. Towusend in the White Mountains, at an

altitude of about 8,000 feet.

The following form, also from the White Mountains, seems worth

defining :

Polygyra rhyssa var. hyporhyssa v. nov.

Like P. rhyssa in size and form, but umbilicus wider, exposing

the penultimate whorl ; sculpture finer, consisting of strke rather than

rihlets. Collected by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend on the lower slopes

of Sierra Blanca, N. M., above head of Ruidoso Creek, in aspen

belt, about 9,500 ft. alt., Aug. 14, 1898. One specimen, diam.,

max. 15, min. 121, alt. 9 mm. This is clearly a variety of rhyssa,

and is not the same as Ball's MS. P. miorhyssa, which appears to

me to be a perfectly distinct species.

NEW PISIDIA.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

P. roperi n. sp.

Mussel rather large, strongly inflated when mature, very little so

when young ; oblong to ovoid in outline, margins regularly curved,

with no projecting angles (in the adult) ; scutum and scutellum

scarcely marked ; beaks moderately posterior, very broad, surface

somewhat glossy, with irregular, not sharp, striaj and some strongly

marked lines of growth ; color of the dry shell straw to yellowish-

horn, often with one to several fine, concentric lines of purple ; shell

rather thin, nacre whitish, muscle insertions scarcely marked, hinge

comparatively fine and short; cardinal teeth quite small, the right

one moderately curved, slightly thickened at the posterior end; the

left ones very short ; the inferior slightly angular, truncated or

pointed on top, the superior sometimes almost obsolete ; lateral teeth

short, small, scarcely projecting into the interior; ligament rather

fine.

Long. 5'5, alt. 4'4, diam. 3.8 (4) mill.

Long. 4'5, alt. 3'7, diam. 3'0 mill.

78 THE NAUTILUS.

Soft parts pink, especially so the foot and mantle edges; the liv-

ing mussel appears pale red ; but the color soon fades away after the

death of the animal ; it is also very pale, scarcely noticeable in the

young, becoming more intense with the age of the animal.

Habitat: Maine, Rhode Island, Indiana, Illiouis and Minnesota;

probably also Utah, California and Washington.

Pis. roperi can not be mistaken for any other species except some

forms of P. abditum Hald., but is at once distinguished from the

latter species by its comparatively very broad beaks, the more elon-

gated and more regular outline, the different appearance of its sur-

face, usually the lighter color, the comparatively finer and shorter

hinge, and, in the living animal, by the pink color of the soft parts,

shining through the shell. It is the only species in which that color

has been noticed so far, yet it remains to ascertain whether this be

a constant character. But, however that may be, the species is

valid. From several places specimens were obtained in company

with P. abditum, and at once recognized as distinct. It was first

noticed among Pisidia sent by Mr. E. W. Roper, in whose honor it

is named. The largest and most beautiful specimens were collected

in Higginbotham's spring, near Joliet, 111., by Messrs' J. H. Ferris

and G. H. Handwerk, who, from April, 1896, to this summer, re-

peatedly forwarded me lots of living specimens together with P.

abditum and another species.

There are specimens from the Wasatch Mountains, Utah (sent by

Mr. Bryant Walker), the Sierra Nevada (Mr. Roper), and Seattle,

Wash. (Mr. P. B. Randolph), resembling the present species,

although somewhat different from it as well as among themselves,

and it is with some doubt that they were referred to P. roperi.

Pis. fallax var. sepentrionale n.

Differs from the type by the following characters: it is more

rounded in outline, less inflated, the beaks are less prominent and

without ridges ; the striation is less sharp; usually there are whitish

dots and irregular blotches, evidently caused by disease.

This seems to be a northern form. Pine and Mountain Rivers on

the south shore of Lake Superior, collected by Mr. Bryant Walker ;

Clear Water River, Minn., in company with rather typical and in-

termediate specimens (Mr. H. E. Sargent), Little Madawaska River

at New Sweden, and Aroostook River at Caribou, Me. (Mr. Olof O.

Nylander), from the latter river in 1896 and '98, and there are

some specimens with distinct ridges on the beaks, or indications of

such.

THE NAUTILUS. 79

It may be mentioned here that typical P.fallax has been collected

in the Sand Creek, Ottawa Co., and Plaster Creek, Kent Co., Mich.,

by Dr. R. J. Kirkland.

Pis. walkeri var. mainense n.

Differs from the type in the following points : it is smaller,

shorter, especially so the anterior part, and less saccate. But it re-

resembles P. walkeri by the small beaks situated near the very short

and truncated posterior end, the surface sculpture and color, and

the thin shell. Placed side by side with typical specimens, which,

in outline, have a marked resemblance with P. virginicum, it would

hardly be ranged under the same species. But by comparing num-

erous specimens from different places, I came to the conclusion that

they are not distinct.

Habitat : Different waters near Caribou, Aroostook Co., Maine,

collected bv Mr. Olof O. Nylander.

/<yx^>*"M

New Philadelphia, Ohio, Sept., 1898.

^v&w*

HALIOTIS CRACHERODII Var. CALIFOKNIENSIS Swainson.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

In his " Zoological Illustrations," Vol. II, pi. 80 (1821-2) Swain-

son describes and figures the " small-holed California!! ear-shell,"

which differs, he states, from the ordinary black ear-shell by its

more numerous smaller holes, deeper spiral, differently shaped outer

lip, etc. Mr. Fred L. Button, of Oakland, has lately forwarded to

me a specimen from Guadaloupe Island, off Lower California, which

agrees well with Swainson's account and figures, and unmistakably

indicates, I think, a valid variety of H. Cracherodii. Mr. Button

writes: " It. came to me as H. Cracherodii var. californica Stearns,

as I wrote you. On looking it, up I find it mentioned several times

by Dr. Carpenter, both in his Brit. Asso. Report, 1856 (pp. 174, 199,

291, 320, 350 and 351), and in his Smithsonian Report, 1872 (pp.

6, 6, 13, 84, 100 and 137). In the latter, he speaks of it as the rare

var. of H. Cracherodii, and calls it an ' extreme var. of H. cracher-

odii,' having 10-11 holes (p. 13).

" Swainson's H. calif orniensis was figured in Zool. 111., II, 80, with

10 small holes. I have one with 16 holes. The specimen I send is

from Guadaloupe Island, Lower California, nearly 1,000 miles south

80 THE NAUTILUS.

of Monterey, the home of the type H. Cracherodii. The type runs

usually 5-7 holes, with rarely as few as 2-4 " or as many as 8 or 9.

The specimen now before me measures: extreme length, 112, width

87, convexity 38 mm. There are 12 holes, with the thirteenth

nearly closed. The holes measure 2 mm. diam. except the first and

third, which are a little smaller. A young specimen in the collec-

tion of the Academy measures 74 mm. in length and has 9 holes,

with the tenth nearly enclosed. This variety is probably restricted

to the south, and, perhaps, to this single island. It will be interest-

ing to learn whether other West Coast collectors have the form,

and what its distribution is.

C. E. BEDDOME.

BY S. RAYMOND ROBERTS.

"Died on Thursday, September 1, 1898, at his residence, 'Hill-

grove,' Brown's River road, near Hobart, Tasmania, Charles

Edward Beddome, retired Lieutenant of the late Indian Navy, aged

59 years."

In the death of Mr. Beddome, natural science, particularly as

relating to Australian malacology, has met with a severe loss, for he

was a careful observer and an indefatigable worker in its field.

This has been evidenced through his various writings upon the sub-

ject, his last contribution to conehological literature being an ad-

mirable paper entitled "Notes on Species of Cyprcea Inhabiting the

Shores of Tasmania," which appeared in the Proceedings of the

Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sept. 29, 1897.

GENERAL NOTES.

Note on Cyprsea rashleighana. — The above Cowry was described in 1887,*

and in the following year was refigured, the original description bei ng repeated'

in the " Survey of the Genus Cypi-ira, 1888. '2 Although the habitat \v;is

queried it seems probable that the type came from the neighborhood of Hong-

kong. Since this time three or four specimens have occured amongst the

Hadfiekl mollusca from Lifu ; these, however, are either too young or in a

not very satisfactory state of preservation. My object in alluding to this species

at the present opportunity is to call attention to a very beautiful and large

example which has been for years in the National Collection at South Ken-

sington, having formed part of the Cumingian stores. This was figured by

THE NAUTILUS. 81

Mr. Lovell Reeve3 as a stunted form of C. tabescens L. , but has been over-

looked by Sowerby* and by Mr. Raymond Roberts in the " Monograph of

Cypi-iea."'* Rather blindly following Reeve in 1888,6 I signalized this as var.

a of C. tabescens under the proposed varietal name of latior. Mr. Edgar

Smith being disposed to allow it specific rank, labelled it in the National Col-

lection " ia/ior Melv." Last year, however, it was closely examined by us

both, in comparison with the original type of C. rashleighana^?c&&. pronounced

identical. The pyriform shape, different dentition, narrower aperture, small

clearly defined dark brown lateral punctuation, with other characteristics, dif-

ferentiate this species from its allies, C. tabescens, C. feres and C. interrupla.-

JAMES COSMO MELVILL, Journal of Conchology, July 1898.

i ?. Conch., vol. 5, p. 288. 2 blanch. Mem. (4), vol. 1, p. 218, 219. 3 Conch. Icon., pi. 14,

no. 66a, 1845. 4 Thes. Conch. 5 Tryou, Man. Conch., vol. 7, 1885. 6 Loc. cit., p. 218.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE UNIONID^E IN MICHIGAN, by Bryant

Walker. (Read before the Michigan Academy of Science, March

31, 1898). This paper is based upon the reports filed in connection

with the census of Michigan mollusca undertaken by the Concho-

logical Section of the Academy. A sketch of the plan of these re-

ports may be found in this journal for January, 1898. Of the

Unios, 7 or less than one-fifth, are known to range over the whole

State, 3 are characteristic of the northern portion, while 30, or 75%,

are confined to the southern portion of the State, and do not extend

north of the valleys of Grand and Saginaw Rivers. As no natural

barrier prevents the spread of these species northward, an explana-

tion is sought in the physical conditions of the region during the

glacial period, when the lakes drained into the Mississippi from the

southern end of Lake Michigan and into the Ohio from the western

end of Lake Erie. On the partial recession of the ice-sheet a chnu-

nel was formed across the State along the Saginaw-Grand valley.

" There can be no doubt that it was through these ancient channels

that the barren waters of the lake region were peopled by an immi-

gration of southern forms." A map illustrates the records of dis-

tribution of Unio luteolus, rubiginosus and Anodonta footiana.

THE MOLLUSCA OF THE CHICAGO AREA : THE PELECYPODA, by

Frank Collins Baker, Chicago Academy of Sciences, Bull. no. iii.

This bulletin of 130 pages and 27 plates forms the first installment

82 THE NAUTILUS.

of an illustrated monograph on the niollusks of Cook and DuPage

Counties and adjacent portions of AVill Co., Illinois, and Lake Co.,

Indiana. Mr. Baker prefaces his account by a useful general con-

sideration of the structure of mollusks, their preparation for study,

collection, etc., with full notes on the general character of the Chi-

cago fauna, localities where the various forms occur, and other in-

formation and statistics which will prove of great use both to

subsequent naturalists in that locality, and to those who may have

occasion to compare the fauna with that of some other district.

In the treatment of the species, full descriptions of each at various

stages of growth are given, with the synonymy, distribution, judi-

cious comparisons with allied forms, and more or less extended ac-

count of the soft parts.

In the generic arrangement, the assistance of Mr. C. T. Simpson

has been secured ; and the old genera Unio and Margaritana have

been dismembered, and their species distributed among Alasmodonta,

Strophitus, Unio, Anodontoides (a new genus for Anodonta ferussa-

ciaiia and subcylindracea), Quadrula, Obliquaria, Plagiola and

Lampsilis, the latter with subgenera Metaptera, Euryma and Corun-

cn/hia (new section for U. parvus). Those familiar with Mr. Simp-

son's studies of this family will probaby agree with us that these

genera are well founded, and their recognition is a distinct advance

in our knowledge of the group. Most of them were originally

founded by Rafinesque ; but their limitation and definition is essen-

tially Mr. Simpson's own work.

The plates are excellent halftone reproductions of photographs.

Some of them are among the best figures of Uniones we have seen ;

and while a few do not show the details of the teeth as well as could

be desired, and we would prefer them to be printed in a different

color, still there is little to criticize. They are a distinct success.

Conchologists throughout the middle west, as well as others inter-

ested in the shells of that region, will find Mr. Baker's book of great

service. While there are a few slips, such as the statement on p. 12

that the mollusca are " of quite recent date geologically," and on p^

11 that in one group (Gastropoda) the mouth is provided with a

radula, where the author probably meant that a radula is present

in all but one of the groups (Pelecypoda), still such oversights are

few.

We heartily congratulate the Chicago Academy of Sciences upon

the appearance of the work, and their success in placing before its

THE NAUTILUS. >•'>

people such a complete account of the present status of their mollus-

can fauna. We only wish it were possible to have similar works pre-

pared in all of our large cities, before advancing civilization de-

stroys or locally exterminates many species.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TERTIARY FAUNA OF FLORIDA, by

Wm. H. Dall. (Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of

Science, Vol. Ill, pt. 4, 1898). This volume is a continuation of

Professor Call's great work on the Tertiary Mollusks of Florida,

and treats of two orders of the Pelecypoda: Prionodesmacea and

Teleodesmacea. " Including in many cases a complete revision of

the generic groups treated of and their American Tertiary spe-

cies."

In the Nuculidce and Ledidce the generic and specific synonymy

is fully given and 18 new species described. The name Parallelo-

dontidce is substituted for Meier odontidce (in pt. 4) since the generic

name Macrodon is preoccupied. In the family Arcidce 30 new spe-

cies are described and many changes are made in the nomenclature.

Glycymeris DaCosta 1778, is used instead of Pectunculus Lamarck

1799, and a number of Conrad's species are reduced to synonyms.

Area occidentalis Phil, is adopted for the Florida and West Indian

species that has been referred to Area now Linn, by many author?.

" A careful comparison shows that the American shell should not

be united with the Mediterranean Area noce." Area campechenais

Dillwyn has precedence over A. pexata Say. Area americana Gray

is also considered a synonym,

We cannot altogether approve of Dr. Ball's manner of treating

the names of subgenera and sections ; more uniformity in writing

the name of a shell would simplify matters greatly. We do not

think that subgeneric names should be used instead of generic, or

the names of sections in place of subgeueric names.

In the family Pinnidce 5 new species are described. Melina Ret-

zius, 1788, is adopted instead of Perna Lamarck, 1799, which

necessitates changing the family name to Melinidoe. In the family

Pteriidce, Pteria Scopoli, 1777, takes the place of Avicula Olivi,

1792. A very interesting account of the " origin of the mutations

of Ostrea " is given, followed by a review of the described species.

The family Pectinidce is well represented in the American Tertiary,

including the fossil species from the Pacific Coast. One hundred

and twenty-five species and varieties are enumerated, 21 of which

84 THE NAUTILUS.

are new, including 5 from the Pacific Coast. Under Spondylus

echinatus Martyn, the common recent Spondylus of the West Indies,

fall no less than 21 synonyms. Plicatula gibbosa Lam., 1801, is

used instead of P. ramosa Lam., 1819. In the family Limidce 7 new

species are described and Lima lima Linn, is adopted for L. squa-

mosa Lam. Five new species of Anomiidce are described. For

Placunanomia rudis Brod. and P. macro schisma Desh. the genus

Pododesmus Phil, is used. To the Mytilidce are added 10 new spe-

cies. Lithophagus forficatus Ravi, and L. candigerus are synonyms

of Lithophaga aristata Dillwyn.

Dreissina or Mytilopsis leucophceta Conrad has been placed in the

genus Congeria. Jul'ddce is adopted in place of Prasinidce. Julia

Gould antedating Prasina Deshayes by one year. The Recent and

Tertiary Pholadidce are thoroughly reviewed and two new species

described. Zirfcea "Leach, 1817," Gray, 1847, is adopted instead

of Zirphcea Leach, 1852. But one species of Panopea is recognized

from the Florida Pliocene. The many generic orsubgeneric names

proposed for various forms of Corbula are either placed in the

synonymy or used as sections. Ten new species are described.

In the study of the family Mactridce Dr. Dall presents an im-

mense amount of valuable systematic work on the Mactroid hinge.

"To make these details clear and avoid excessive verbiage, it be-

comes necessary to name the parts of the hinge, and for clearness I

prefer to use, for the most part, plain English terms, applied for

the occasion in a particular and ex elusive sense." These characters

are clearly shown by ten figures. The classification is that given

in THE NAUTILUS, Vol. VIII, pages 25-28, 39-43. Fourteen new

species are described. The work closes with the family Mesodesma-

tidce in which six new species of Ervilia are described. The volume

contains 13 plates.

The Pliocene fauna is so closely allied to the Recent that much of

Professor Dall's work bears upon the latter quite as much as on the

Tertiary, and we shall, therefore, notice the work applying particu-

larly to recent shells and their evolution separately next month.

Typographically the volume is a beautiful one, most creditable

to the Trustees of the Wagner Free Institute and to those engaged

in its mechanical execution. We take exception to only one fea-

ture, the date " April, 1898 " upon title-page and cover. The first

copies, we believe, were distributed October 29, 1898.

THE NAUTILUS&VS

VOL.. XII. DECEMBER, 1898. No. 8.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN

ZONITIDTE AND ENDODONTIDJE.

IJY HENRY A. PFLSRRY.

Pyramidula Cockerelli n. sj>.

Shell having the general shape of P. striatella ; thin, greenish,

more or less streaked and dotted with light yellow ; a little shining,

very irregularly wriukle-striate, some specimens unequally ribbed

in places above and at the margin of the umbilicus. Spire convex,

the first whorl a little protruding. Whorls 4|, the first whitish-

corneous and glabrous when unworn, the rest convex, regularly

widening, separated by a deep suture ; last whorl obtusely angular

at the periphery in front, becoming rounded on its later portion ;

base well rounded, the umbilicus showing all the whorls, its width

contained about 3.7 times in that of the shell. Aperture oblique,

rounded, the penultimate whorl cutting out a segment of about one-

fourth the whole circle of the thin and simple peristome; the

greatest diameter of aperture contained about 2.4 times in that of

the shell.

Alt. 2.8, diam. 5.5 mm. (specimen from New Mexico).

Alt. 3.2, diam. 6.5 mm. (specimen from Colorado).

This species is based upon a series of shells from Labelle, Taos

County, New Mexico, collected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun, and speci-

mens from Custer and Saguache Counties, Colorado, collected by

Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. It is what has been very generally

known as Pat n la Crohkhitei Newc. ; but reference to co-types of

86 THE NAUTILUS.

that species in the collection of the Academy (part of the original

lot), shows it to be very strongly ribbed. Indeed, Dr. Newcomb

himself bases its claim to distinctness from P. striatella upon the

stronger ribs and smaller size. P. Cockerelli is -far smoother than

P. striatella, and, indeed, is so distinct from that species that no de-

tailed comparison is needed. P. Cockerelli is far more like the

Japanese P. pauper Gld. than any American species; but there is-

no evidence showing P. pauper Gld. or P. flocculus Morel, to occur

in American territory. The latter was described from Kamchatka,

and has been found on Bering Island in the western Aleutians.

Dr. von Martens has well figured the type specimen in his coucho-

logical miscellany, " Conchologische Mittheilungen."

P. Oronkhitei is barely distinguishable from P. striatella by the

features alluded to above, and its standing even as a sub-species of

striatella is dubious. It occurs commonly in northern California,

in the counties draining into the Sacramento, and the same form has

been found in Alaska ; but I have not seen it from intervening

territory.

Pyramidula striatella catskillensis n. v;ir.

Sculpture sharper than in the typical form, umbilicus wider and

shallower, and periphery angulated. Tannersville Valley, Catskill

Mountains, N. Y. ; White Pond, Warren County, N. J.

Mentioned in the Catalogue of Amer. L. Shells (No. 344a), but

not before described.

Omphalina fuliginosa polita n. v.

Similar in general features to 0. fulif/inosa, but the surface

glossy, as though varnished. Mountain region of eastern Tennes-

see and western North Carolina, particularly the ranges along the

boundary. Mentioned, but not described, in the Classified Cata-

logue of Land Shells of America, No. 246a.

Gastrodonta Clappi n. sp.

Shell depressed, shaped much like G. multidentata, the upper

surface somewhat convex, lower surface flattened, deeply 'In-

dented around the minute umbilicus; thin, a little transparent,

deep chestnut-amber colored and brilliantly glossy; composed of

fully 6i very narrow and closely coiled whorls, the initial one rather

coarse, the first half turn smooth, the rest of the shell sculptured

with closely spaced impressed radiating grooves, which extend with

THE NAUTILUS. 87

undirninished strength over the -base; last whorl broadly rounded

at the periphery. Aperture very narrowly lunate, the convex out-

line of the crescent somewhat angular in the middle ; peristome

thin and simple. Alt. 3, diam. 5.7 mm.

Mirey Ridge, Great Smoky mountains, Tennessee, near the North

Carolina boundary.

This is one of the fruits of Messrs. Ferriss and Clapp's summer

journey to the Great Smokies and Uuakas, the story of which will

be given to our readers by Mr. Ferriss, who suggested to me the

propriety of naming the species in honor of Mr. George H. Clap]).

Though both the adult and young specimens 1 have seen are

toothless, G. Clappi seems to be allied to G. lamellidens and multi-

deniata, but with a decidedly smaller umbilical perforation, the

same number of whorls with twice the diameter, and a decidedly

different ornamentation, the radiating grooves reminding one of

Vitrea sculptilis Bid. V. capsella is more widely umbilicated.

Zonitoides Randolph! n. sj>.

Shell depressed, with the general form of Pyramidula striatella,

thin, somewhat translucent, brownish ; the upper surface somewhat

convex, the first H whorls decidedly protruding, glossy, whitish-

corneous, contracting at the beginning of the next whorl; surface

irregularly but strongly striated, both above and below. Whorls

3j, decidedly convex, the last convex below; width of umbilicus

somewhat over one-fifth the diameter of shell, showing all the whorls.

Aperture oblique, subcircular, somewhat less than one-fourth of the

circle excised by the penultimate whorl.

Alt. 2.7, diam. 4.8 mm.

Lake Linderman, Alaska.

The last whorl is less flattened than in Z. limatttli(s,t\ie umbilicus

narrower, and there are fewer whorls.

ANODONTA IMBECILLIS, HERMAPHRODITIC.'

BY DR. V. STERKI.

< >n October 2<sth, last, I chanced to secure a good number of

Anodonta imbecillis, Say, for a more careful examination about

hermaphroditism. Of forty specimens opened, all, without an ex-

1 See THE NAUTILUS, XII, p. 30 (July).

88 THE NAUTILUS.

ception, showed the outer branchiae charged with ova, most of them

containing youug embryones. At the same time their gonads con-

tained ova in various stages of development in the inferior parts,

and sperma, mature and immature, in the superior and usually

more anterior parts, both elements being in somewhat various pro-

portions as to quantity and the space occupied. In one specimen

sperma bearing nuclei were not distinctly seen, but microscopic ex-

amination showed spermatozoids among the ova, the two evidently

mixed up artificially.

The shells of these specimens were of somewhat different shapes:

a part had the inferior margin evenly curved, while in others it

was more straight, or even slightly sinuous in the middle, still others

being intermediate. These differences are regarded as indicating

sexual differences in other (true) Anodonta? by many conchologists,

and it remains to prove or disprove that by examining large num-

bers of specimens.

SAN DIEGO, CALIFOKNIA, AS A COLLECTING GROUND.

I!V F. W. KELSEV.

This subject has probably been thoroughly discussed by collectors

far better versed in conchology than I, but a few lines from this

quarter may be of interest to those who, like myself, are compara-

tively speaking, novices.

About two years ago I began to feel an interest in shells, other

than that caused by a mere admiration of their diversified forms,

colors, markings, etc., and since that time, I have spent much of my

spare time collecting, studying, and classifying the many mollusks

which abound in our bay and in the waters of the adjacent coast.

The weather and other circumstances permitting, I spend at least

two Saturdays of each month collecting, and the following list of

species obtained on my last trip, Saturday, October 29th, will give

the reader some idea of the variety of little rock dwellers of this

locality.

On the above date, my wife and I landed in a skiff on the reef

extending out from Pt. Loma, just below the light-house where

several acres of rocks are laid bare by the receding tide. We

hunted from noon until four o'clock among the eel grass, sea anem-

ones, ribbon kelp and rocks, with such keen enjoyment that we

THE NAUTILUS.

89

were sorry to leave the fascinating search and return to the more

commonplace affairs of every-day life.

On cleaning up the result of the day's hunt, we counted the fol-

following list consisting of 83 species, aggregating 1,117 specimens

nearly all of which are live shells in good condition :

Krato coluiubellu, Menke. 1

Erato vittellina, Hds. 1

Norrisia Norrisii, Sby. 16

Phasianella compta, Old. 41

Haliotis splendens, Rve. 29

Haliotis cracherodii, Leach. -

Haliotis corrugata, Gray 1

Haliotis sp. 1

Acmaea asmi, Midd. 11

Acmaea mitra, Esch. 1

Aciuaea patina, Esch. 7

Acmaea persona, P]sch 12

Acmaea scabra, Nutt. 3

Acmaea spectrum, Nutt. G

Opalia crenatoides, Gld. 6

Lazaria subquadrata, Cpr. 1

Monocerus engonatum, Conr. 6

Monocerus var. spiratum, 3

Ocinebra inter fossa, Cpr. 1

Ocinebra circumtexta, Stearns 2

Chlorostoma aureotinctum, Fbs. 47

( 'hlorostoraa gallina, Fbs. 4

Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Ad. 3

Mitra maura, Swains. 9

Macron lividus, A. Ad. 124

Volvarina varia, Sby. 154

Mytilus bifurcatus. Conr. 10

Olivella biplicata, Sby. 60

Actaeon punctocaelatus, Cpr. 1

Leptothyra carpenter!, Pils. 72

Leptothyra bacula, Cpr. 17

Leptothyra pausicostata, Dall. 3

Diplodonta orbella, Gld. 1

Drillia moesta, Cpr. 2

Lacuna unifasciata, Cpr. 1 2

Amphissa versicolor, Dall. 12

Lucina Californica, Conr. •">

Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. 4

Hipponyx tumens, Cpr. 4

Haminea virescens, Sby. 4

Acmaea depicta, Gld. 3

Acmaea incessa, Hds. 7

Acmaea palacea, Gld. 6

Crepidula adunca, Sby. 3

Crepidula dorsata, Brod. 3

Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. 2

Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt. 4

Fissurella volcano, Rve. 25

Calliostomagemmulatum, Cpr. 4

Chama exogyra, Conr. 2

Chama pellucida, Sby. 1

Nassa Cooperi, Fbs. 37

Omphalius fuscescens, Phil. 36

Cerostoma Nuttalli, Conr. 58

Saxicava arctica, Linn. 2

Litorina planaxis, Nutt. 14

Litorina scntulata, Gld. 7

Mopalia muscosa, Gld. 5

Ischnocbiton magclalenensis, Hds. 31

Ischnochiton regularis, Cpr. 6

Tracliydermon Nuttalli, Cpr. 8

Trivia Californica, Gray 1

Pomaulax uudosus, Wood. 2

lanthina trifida, Nutt. 1

Odostomia nuciformis, Cpr. 0

Odostomia gouldii, Cpr. 1

Astyris gausapata, Gld. 7

Astyris tuberosa, Cpr. 15

Scalaria Hindsii, Cpr. 7

Conus Californicus, Hds. 3

12 species unknown to me, !<6

90 THE NAUTILUS.

NEW SPECIES OF BIFIDARIA.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

Bifidaria perversa n. sp.

Shell sinistrorse, obloug-cylindro conical, horn-colored, trans-

lucent; apex rather acute; base umbilicate-rimate, the umbilicus

partly overlaid by a projecting part of the last whorl ; whorls 5-',

rather slowly and regularly increasing, convex, with the suture

moderately deep, the last equaling two-fifths of altitude, slightly

narrowed at the periphery, at last somewhat ascending and then

protracted horizontally beyond the periphery of the spire, for a

length equal to one-third of the diameter, with a rather high,

oblique crest-swelling all around, in front of that contracted, and

margins broadly everted all around at the aperture ; on the palatal

side of the protracted part, behind the aperture, a deep longitu-

dinal ( = spiral) impression; surface slightly shining, with fine,

almost regular, crowded stria; nucleus microscopically rugulose;

aperture of moderate size, rounded below, truncated above, with a

sinus occupying the upper half of the palatal side. Lamellae and

folds : angulo-parietal large ; angular at its inner end joining the

side of the parietal, with a curve reaching the margin at the supero-

parietal angle ; parietal very high, strongly curved, the (inner)

convexity toward the columella, its front end at a rather large dis-

tance from the supero-columellar angle ; columellar spiral, with its

front end on the parietal wall, its inner part not visible; basal

radial, lamellar, high ; inferior palatal fold very deep in the throat,

long, lamellar, curved downward over the basal, visible only from

the outside; superior quite short, high, tooth-like, in front of the

inferior.

Alt. 2.-'), diam. of spire 1.1, whole diam. 1.5 mm.; apert. alt. 0.8,

diam. O.b' mm.

H(tbit«t. — Nogales, Arizona, on the Mexican border. Collected

by Mr. E. H. Ashmun, together with Bi.f. Ashm/uni(see below) and

the following species:

Bif. jierrersa is unlike any other species of the genus, by its being

sinistrorse and the last whorl protracted considerably beyond the

periphery of the spire. In size, shape, color, striation, the con-

II IE NAUTILUS. 91

figuration of the aperture with its lamelhe and folds, it stands

nearest Bifid. Ashrmini. These two species represent a new type

a in 'ing the already very different groups of the genus.

Bifidaria Dalliana n. >•[>.

Shell minute, ovate-turriculate, perforate-rimate, pale horn-col-

ored, translucent; apex somewhat obtuse; whorls 5, regularly in-

creasing, convex, with the suture deeper between the upper than the

lower whorls ; the last whorl ascending at the aperture, compressed at

the periphery, especially so toward the aperture, with a slight, shal-

low crest-elevation, its base narrow except just behind the aperture,

where there is a slight depression ; surface with very fine, crowded

stria;; aperture equaling a little over one-third of altitude, almost

as wide as high, rounded below, with three almost equal angles

above, margins approximate, somewhat extended upward and con-

nected by a slight, straight callus, somewhat everted, especially

below, without a thickened lip. Lamella? and folds: angular and

parietal rather large, connected but distinct, the former ending at

the margin; a nodule-like iufraparietal ; columellar rather large,

lamellar, horizontally encircling the somewhat projecting columella ;

basal transverse (radial ) on the impressed part of the base, short

lamellar, abrupt; parietal folds approximate, the superior rather

short, the inferior longer, deeper in the throat, somewhat oblique.

Alt. 1.6 to 1.8, diam. 0.8 to 0.9, apert. alt. 0.6 mm.

Soft parts very light-colored. Jaw rather strongly arcuate, with

rather fine, irregular, crowded, tubercular ribs projecting as irregu-

lar denticulations on the cutting edge. Radula 0.48 mm. long,

0,13 wide, with 72 transverse rows of 19 teeth, c : 4 : 5 ; the central

narrow, with three short cuspids, the laterals bicuspid ; marginals :

one tricuspid, the others serrate — four to six-cuspid.

Habitat. — Nogales, Arizona, with the preceding species.

Bifid. Dalliana stands near B. hordeacella Pilsbry, for the smallest

forms of which it might be mistaken, and some of the smallest West

Indian species of the genus. From hordeacella it is distinguished

by its being less cylindrical, the presence of the infraparietal nodule,

and the basal being lamellar, placed radially upon the impressed

part of the base, and nearer the margin than is the basal of hordea-

cella. These differences appear to be trifling, but they are signifi-

cant. Over thirty lots of B. hordeacella, from Key West, through

Florida, Mississippi, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and from dif-

!>2 THE NAUTILUS.

ferent stations along the Mexican border, have been carefully com-

pared, and the characters noted were found constantly different in

both species. The n. sp. has been named in honor of Dr. William

H. Dall.

Bifid, Ashmuni, form minor.

In company with the two preceding Bitidarhe, Mr. Ashmun

found some specimens of Bif. Ashmuni, which are not only smaller

than the types, 1.5 to 1.9 mm. high, but the shell is also thinner,

the color paler, the everted part of the lip less broad, the number

of whorls one-half to one less.

NOTE ON THE GENERIC NAMES OF TWO GROUPS OF ACHATINID.ZE.

BY C. F. ANCKY.

When \vritiug on the terrestrial mollusca collected by Mr. P.

Duzen, Dr. Y. Sjostedt, and Dr. J. R. Jungner in the German colony

of Cameroon, Mr. Adolf d'Ailly has thought to propose a new gen-

eric name for Aehatina Shuttleworthi, Pfr. and Barriana, G. B.

Sowerby. The author overlooked the fact that I had some years

ago (Bulletins de la Society Malacologiqiie de France, 1888, p. 69),

proposed a name for the same group, of which A. Shuttleworthi was

made the type. Thus Ganomidos, d'Ailly, becomes a synonym of

Callistopepla, Ancey.

Mr. d'Ailly was not aware that Petitia, Jouss., established for

Aehatina pulchella, von Mart, (or rather Petitia Petitia, Jouss.,

which is a synonym), already being used for another group of

shells— a section of Stoastoma — has been changed by me to Lepto-

cala in the same paper (page 70, foot-note 3). Aehatina mollicella,

Morelet, probably is the oldest name for the type of the genus, as I

believe (and Mr. E. A. Smith, i. 1., agrees with me in that respect)

that A. pulchella, v. Mart. (== Petitia Petitia, Jouss., = Aehatina

Smithi, G. B. Sow., not Craven == Achat. Sowerbyi, Smith) is a

synonym or at least a mere smaller, more solid and conic variety of-

the same. I have in my collection a typical specimen of ^4. mollicella,

Mor., one of the two original ones collected at the Gaboon by

Captain Vignon, and also examples of A. pulchella, von Mart., sent

me by the author, and cannot detect any characters of specific value

to distinguish them from authentic mol/icelfa, Morelet.

THK NAUTILUS.

A NEW UNIO FROM TEXAS.

r.y BERLIN IT \VI:K;HT.

II. Iheringi. *\<. nov.

Shell sub-plicate or slightly folded on the posterior slope and

forward over the uinbonal area, sub-quadrate; substance of the

shell rather thick and uniform ; beaks prominent, small, angular,

and ornamented with three or four doubly looped and corrugated

ridges; epidermis yellowish green to very dark red and nearly

covered with coarse faint green rays ; teeth solid, remarkably

smooth, single in the right and double in the left valves; cicatrices

almost confluent, smooth and well impressed ; cavity of the beak

moderate ; nacre a clear, lustrous white.

Diam. 1, length (height) H, width 3 inches.

Habitat. — San Saba River, Menard Co., Texas.

Type in National Museum.

REMARKS. — This species was discovered by Mrs. John Alex.

Smith, of Meuardville, Texas, who found it in company with N.

coloracloensis, Lea, houstonensis, Lea, gracilis, Bar. (?) tuberculatus,

Bar. petriuus, Gd., pauciplicatus, Lea, speciosus, Lea, anodon-

toides, Lea, and An. undulata, Say? Its affinities are with I .

piiciferus, Lea and U. Mitehellii Simpson.. It differs from the first

in being less rayed, lighter epidermis, white nacre, sharper umbonal

angle, and more produced posterior dorsal margin, and lower and

flatter umbo. From the latter it differs in the beak sculpture,

which in Mitehellii is coarser and not looped, sharper umbonal

ridge, higher umbo, more generally folded, and in being rayed.

It gives us great pleasure to name this species in honor of Dr. H.

von Ihering, Director of the Museum Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil,

who has done so much valuable work iu many departments ot

Natural Science.

To Mr. Charles T. Simpson, of the National Museum, I am in-

debted for his comparisons with the type of his species.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

THE JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY VOL. IX, No. 3, JULY AND

OCTOBER. 1898. — Additions to " British Conchology " (continued)

By J. G. Marshall ; "The Marine Mollusca of Madras and the

94 THE NAUTILUS.

immediate neighborhood " by J. Cosmo Melvill and R. Standen ;

" Notes on some Anglesea land aud fresh water Mollusca " by Chas.

Oldham ; " Observations on the pairing of Limax maximus L." by

Lionel E. Adams; "Notes on a Collection of Marine Shells from

Lively Island, Falkland, with list of species," by J. Cosmo Melvill

and K. Standeu, the following new species are described and figured.

Lachesis euthrioides, Cyamium falklandicum, Thracia Antarctica.

" Observation on abnormal specimens of Planorbis spirorbis and

other fresh water shells at Tenby," by A. G. Stubbs. The article is

illustrated by a very interesting plate showing the various abnormal

forms. " Notes on the land Mollusca of Grange-over-sands, Lan-

cashire" by R. Standen; "On Latirus armatus Ad." by J. Cosmo

Melvill.

JOURNAL DE CONCHYLIOLOGIE, Vol. 46, Jan. 1898 (received

Sept. 23). " Note sur quelques Mollusques terrestres des Isles Phil-

ippines encore peu repandus dans les collections," par. H. Crosse (1

plate ).

" Coquilles nouvelles proveuant des n'coltes de M. L. Levay dans

le Haut-Mekong pendant la campague du Massie (1893-'94-'95),

par. A. Bavay. New species described and figured : Amphidromus

Laosianus, Paludina simonis, P. Lagrandierei). Additions a la

Faune Malacologique terrestre et fluviatile de la Nouvelle-Calt--

donie et de ses dependances, par. H. Crosse.

Description de coquilles fossiles des Terrains tertiaires inferieurs

(suite), par. M. C. Mayer Eymar (2 plates) 12 new species are

described.

The 430te and 437te Lieferungen of the Systematisches Conchy-

lien Cabinet have appeared. The former, by Clessin, treats of

Aplysia, aud it is so inexpressibly bad that it is beyond criti-

cism. Lieferuug 437 continues Kobelt's account of the Aurlcnlidw ,

including Zoospeum, Carychium, Pythia, Alexia and Cas8idula,&nd is

by far the best monograph yet published on these forms, though

omissions are more numerous than we could wish. Thus in

( '(trychium, Bourguignat's description and figures of his two worth-

less species, existelium and euphceum, are given, while exile, occi-

dentale and jamaicense, all well marked American species, figured

years ago in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia, and in this journal, are not mentioned. The Cali-

foruian form of Alexia is also omitted, etc., etc.

THE NAUTILUS. '.'•"»

ON THE ANATOMY OF BtTLIMUS SINI8TRORSUS DESK., by Will.

Moss and W. M. Webb (Journ. of Malacol., VI, 1897, no. 1).

Specimens from Lifu of this species, the type of the group l>m-

parnaudia Montrouzier,1 yielded preparations of the genitalia,

dentition, etc., which are figured and briefly commented upon. The

penis has a terminal retractor and bears a well differentiated

epiphallus, but no flagellum. Jaw apparently almost smooth,

judging from the figure. Radula with mesocones only developed on

the rachis, laterals with large ectocone, marginals 4-denticulate

from deep splitting of both mesocone and ectocone. The details

given are sufficient to show that Drapamaudia is not a subordinate

group of Papuina. It lacks the arboreal or subarboreal type of

teeth, the weak, wide ribbed jaw, and the insertion of the retractor

on epiphallus. The dentition and jaw also exclude it from the

immediate neighborhood of Amphidromus. Penial accessories are

absent, so it cannot be a Bull minus. Drapamaudia would seem to

be a valid genus, not a satellite to any larger group; and the

evidence offered indicates its position to be among the epiphal-

logonous Helices ; though until the pallial region is investigated, we

cannot be certain that it is not a member of the Bulimulidce.

NEW CRETACEOUS FOSSILS from an artesian well-boring at Mount

Laurel, New Jersey, by C. W. Johnson (Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1898,

pp. 461-464). A list of some 36 species is given, obtained from

depths of 100 to 160 feet. The fauna is regarded by Mr. Johnson

as equivalent to the Ripley bed of the Alabama and Mississippi

Cretaceous. C in i ilia rostata, Anchiira pergracilis, Turritella <]iiad-

rilira and Tuba reticulata are described and figured as new, and the

lip of another new Anchura is figured but not named. Mr. John-

son states that Tiigonia eufalensisis merely the young of T. thor<t<-i>-«

Morton.— H. A. P.

NOTES AND NEWS.

We regret to announce the death of our esteemed friend, Mr.

John Shallcross, which occurred at his home in Frankford, Phila-

delphia, on October 30th. He was born in that suburb January

4th, 1827, where he spent his entire life. He was a prominent

1 See NAUTILUS, Feb. 1897.

96 THE NAUTILUS.

lawyer, beiug admitted to the bar in 1856. As a member of the

Academy of Natural Sciences he was especially interested in

conchology, his collection being notably rich in Volutidre and

Cyprseidse.

The Boston Society of Natural History has purchased the Rev.

J. T. Gu lick's personal collection of Achatiuella of the Hawaiian

Islands. In his annual report, the curator, Prof. Alpheus Hyatt

says : " This accession makes the Society's collection the most com-

plete in existence, if to the list of species and the number of shells

we also add the facts that it is accurately labelled, contains seventy-

two originals of the species already described, has a full representa-

tion of a number of now extinct varieties and species, and was

collected so many years ago that it can be used in some localities to

show that new species have arisen upon Oahu within the past ten or

twenty years. There are at present under this roof about fourteen

or fifteen thousand shells of this one group, which many naturalists

consider to be but one genus. These practically all belong to the

Society, and there are also about six thousand more, the property of

Mr. Oleson, of Worcester, kiudly loaned to the curator for study ; in

all about twenty thousand shells." — E. W. R.

NEWSPAPER CONCHOLOGY. — "One of the most beautiful shells

found along our coast is that of a large snail which climbs certain

trees and grows delicately fat on the young birds. The shell is as

thin as tissue paper, oddly curved and almost as transparent as the

finest glass. It belongs to the family of edible snails so prized as a

delicacy on the coast of France, and if properly prepared makes a

delicious dish. It is most abundant about New River inlet, where

the slight shake of a tree about sunset will bring a shower of them

to the ground. The breakage of a shell seems to be of little trouble

to the snail — he repairs the damage and moves on." — Jacksonville

(Fla.) Citizen.

The JOURNAL DE CONCHYLIOLOGIE is to be published hereafter

under the direction of Messrs. H. Fischer, Ph. Dautzenberg and L.

Dolfus. We wish the new directors success equal to that enjoyed

or so many years by the late directors, Crosse and Fischer.

LIBRARY

THE NAUTILUS.

Ym:. XII.

.JANUARY, 1S<)<».

No. !>.

COLLECTING IN THE GREAT SMOKIES.

BV .IAMKS II. VEKRISS.

For three summers t have collected in the Great Smokies, princi-

pally upon Thunderhead and Mirey ISidge and in Cade's Core.

Clingman's Dome was skimmed over a couple of times and also the

bluff of the Little Tennessee at Tallassee ford, and this year I gave

three days to the Unaka range. This range is also on the line be-

tween Tennessee and North Carolina.

When a tenderfoot in shells, Mrs. M. L. Andrews, of Knoxville, sent

me Vitrinizonites latissimus. I felt that if a woman could do as well

as that, a man might find something as large as a tin cup, with spines.

At the first opportunity the wonderful shell land was surveyed, and

since then I have seen some of the most delightful days of my life'

These mountains are covered with a luxuriant growth of trees and

plants of many varieties, fungi and shells. Tt is an enchanted land

surely, for I am homesick until I return.

This year, George H. Clapp, of Pittsburgh, a careful student, a tire-

less collector, a regular cracker-jack, to speak professionally, and my wife

went with me. From Knoxville we go southward thirty-five miles in

a farm wagon. There the road and telephone ends, and collectors are

at home with William Blair in Cade's Cove, as "-ood a man as was ever

' O

made up to (his time. Cade's Cove, six miles in length, is thickly

settled, but from this point one must ride a mule or walk.

Mr. Clapp arrived in the Cove about noon a few days after I

had completed a little hasty prospecting. Late in the afternoon we

OS THE NAUTILUS.

bagged twenty Polynyra Chilhoweensis, These were fine, some pearly

white and dentated. We- also obtained a few P. appressa perigrapta

Pils. and other good shells. There were none to throw away, for

even the Pyramidula altcrnata were a beautifully ribbed variety, var.

costifera Lewis, perhaps.

P. Chilhoweensis is an active snail, and whenever a piece of shaded

open woods in some level cove was found it was almost sure to be there

in the old brush piles or around old logs and stumps. P. perigrapta

is a bark shell, sometimes found |in the moss upon the trunks of the

poplar trees and basswood, but usually under the old bark of dead

trees. We found ninety in one hour among the slabs of an old mill

yard. The favorite trees for snails are the basswood, buckeye and

poplar, the latter known in other localities as tulip or white wood.

The stumps of the latter, when damp, are covered with the small va-

rieties of Zonites, Pupa and Strobilops.

The next day a short trip was made to a piece of oak barrens where

Poly. Christyi was to be found among the dead leaves. Here we also

found a beautiful rose-colored albolabrix, called " redii " for short, of

about thirty mm. in width; tridentata with double teeth; Gastro's

interte.cta, demissa and gularis ; also Omphalina Andrcicstt and variety

montivaga. Pils ; fuliginosa and variety polita, Pils.; IMicodiscus

fimbriatus, Wetherby ; Poly. Clark! and a Strobilops I am waiting

to hear what Mr. Pilsbry has to say about it.

The third day we took our dinner pails and went farther and found

plenty of Poly. Wheatlyi and some fine stenotrema depilata Pils. It

rained and Mr. Clapp had difficulty with a pair of rubber boots. Wet

boots are hard on the feet. With the aid of two canes he could do but

little more than crawl coming down the mountain. Not being very much

acquainted with him at that time, not knowing how far to press him,

fearing he might think I wanted to run off with his boots, he was

punished a little more than really necessary. When he had about

come to a standstill I persuaded him to trade for my moccasins. I then

carried the boots upon my back to show good faith, and we rolled

homeward with light hearts, though our feet were heavy.

For collecting small shells Mr. Clapp had wooden pill bottles with

wooden stoppers. For the Helices I had a small fisherman's creel

with a wide rubber band over the mouth, in which there was a slit.

To turn over sticks and barks and kill rattlesnakes I had something of

a ginseng hook made of a socket garden hoe, the blade cut down to an

about an inch and a half in width and about four inches in length*

THE NAUTILUS. <)<>

running to a point. Mrs. Andrews lent us a surgeon's hook. Mr.

Clapp had a surgeon's abscess syringe and I had a brush, or swab with

a flexible handle, made by twisting small copper wire around a piece

of sponge. Our collections were cleaned up every day and the shells

are cb'an. In cooking we kept the water at a boiling point, and with

a dipper made of wire netting boiled the large Poly. Andmcmp, a few

at a time, the albolaljrls or Gliilhoweensis 40 seconds; ajtprcssa and Fer-

rissii 18; the Omp. Andrewsse, 8, and Christyi and Stcnotremas •">.

the small Zouites 3 seconds.

The evening of this third day Mr. Clapp powdered his feet with

talcum and the next morning was ready to go up to Thuuderhead with

a mule. Here we camped several days to recuperate, and opened a

mine for G astro, lamellidens. These snails are under the shingle or

spawls of rock from one to two feet down. With these \ve found a

new Gastro. about the size of Gastro. AiiJrcicsfr, which Mr. Pilsbry

named " Clappi." It is exceedingly frail, and before we un-

derstood this many of our few examples were broken. There will be

only enough for Pilsbry and the National Museum this time. We

also found it at Mirey Ridge, about twelve miles further east.

The mules were brought up again to move us, but were so loaded

with our camp dunnage we walked. Mrs. F. could not walk half a

mile to the street cars at home. Mr. Clapp left us at this camp for

home, and Mrs. F. and I stayed another week alone and then took a

hasty trip to Clingman's Dome when the mules came again. It rained

all that part of the trip and we went back to the Cove in one day in the

rain. There were twenty miles to cover and a number of those sat

upon edge, so they didn't count, but Mrs. F. had her mule to ride this

time. I only found the red and banded varieties of Poly. Andrewsx and

Fi't-rissii upon Clingman in the two hours I was there. I was a little

afraid of bears and may not have looked close enough for the smaller

varieties.

Before leaving, Mr. Clapp helped to open a mine for Fen-lssi'i upon

the slope of Mirey Ridge. The shingle was soon abandoned, for we

found the snails under heavy, damp slabs of stone from three to twenty

feet across, piled up at the foot of slides. By clearing away the inoss

and roots and getting light under, and by taking different angles of

observation we could often find two or three under one roof, and occa-

sionally a Whcatlcyi, and I once found tbe new Gastrodonta. The

young of Ferrissii were hirsute. We wore our finger nails down to

the sore point and crawled around on the damp soil until our lady

100 THE NAUTILUS.

partner made a protest. The soil in itself was clean, but when plas-

tered all over with it we looked bad. It will always be worth a dollar

apiece to collect lamellidens and Fcrrissfi unless some higher grade

localities are discovered, Mr. Clapp has since written me that he hns

found lamellfdcns from New Hampshire.

Poly. Clarki had climbed higher or dug deeper this year. Very

few were found, and those only by accident. Our largest was one of

18 mm. in width. In our opinion the dark coves at the base of the

mountains are the best collecting grounds. But as the recuperation

of health is the only excuse I have to get away from business partners.

I led the way to the mountain tops. At 6,000 feet it is cool and

bracing when hot below. It is also too high for mosquitoes and flies.

Polygyra Andrewsse, Omp. Andrew SK, Folygyra Riigcll, Circlnarin

concava and Gastro. acccra are the most active snails at all elevations.

Yltrinizonites latissimus is active upon the slopes near the mountain

tops. It is found in damp situations and there are two varieties, one

light horn color with a smooth, firm shell ; the other, known as the

grape skin variety for convenience, larger, nearly black, very thin

shelled and nearly always crumpled. Both social, but. usinlly col-

onized separately.

The large white or light horn colored variety of Poll/. Andrewsee is

the most active variety of this species, and is to be found in the paths

among the leaves, upon the trunks of trees or old logs everywhere,

and it is very sociable. I found twenty-three around one stump. This

species bothered us. The large variety does not colonize with the

smaller. We found it 37 mm. wide and 25 in height. The smallert

smoky, typical variety, with a round aperture and about 22 mm. in

width, was found upon the top of Thunderhead. It was usually a,

rest under the moss of the trees or under the rocks, but it is nearly as

active as the larger variety. It has a banded variety. Upon Mirey

Ridge, upon the Tennessee slope, was a larger, banded form of about

27 mm. with a white variety. Here we found the dark, cherry-red

form of about 27 mm., with a white lip, resting in the moss upon old

logs or the lower corner of large rocks lying up from the ground. /Phe

animal was light colored also, and when it rolled out from under the

moss its shining red whorls and white lip glittered like a jewel, and

.Mr. Clapp never failed then to whoop like an Indian. The shell is

solitary in its habits and never found traveling. We only found two

at once upon the same stone. Upon the North Carolina side of the ridge

we found a form about the same size as the latter, which we called

THE NAUTILUS. |()1

•• half and half" for couveuience. The lower half of the body whorl

was light colored, the upper dark.

Upon Clingman the habits seem to change. The mountain is cov-

ered with balsam and the moss is very deep, and as this mountain is

the highest of the group the clouds hang about the peak continually.

Here the red Andrewsse was active, sometimes in the grass, which

grows as high as one's head, and sometimes two or more were upon the

roof of large rucks, in company with a light colored form and Ferrissii.

Hut only one Fcrrissif was found under a rock at a time, and the last

whorl was much larger than those upon Mirey Ridge.

The next trip T went alone with some deer hunters about forty

miles to the south into the Unaka range. Tarrying at the Little Ten-

nessee I found Poly . pustuloides Bid., Gastro. signrficans and a beauti-

ful form of depressed Omphnlina Ixcigata. In color the latter had

that peculiar blue of the Campelomas, and it was 25 mm. in width. 1

also found Unio regular is. Lea, in the river, and of ferns I found the

inclsum form of Asplenium trichomanes heretofore found only in San

Diego, Cal., and Vermont.

Upon the deer hunt we left our tent, coats and blankets behind and

carried cooking utensils, corn meal and bacon upon our own backs. We

slept under sheds large enough for a tire made of hemlock bark on the

spot. The fire was needed every night. We slept on bark, good bark.

Alone and so far away, among bears, rattlesnakes and strangers, I felt

timid and did not get many snails, but I know it will be good ground

for next year. The snail hulls, as they cail them in Tennessee, were

very large. One of niy Chilhoweemis measured 40 mm.; a Poly. An-

tirewsze, 39 ; Wheatleyi, 24 ; Palliata and an Omphalind subplana,

25 each. I also found the rose-colored variety of albolabris upon the

hillsides, colored through and through and shining like a piece of

china. It measured about 20 mm.

When Mr. Pilsbry's report comes in I may send THE NAUTILUS a

list of the snails found upon the Smokies by Mrs. Andrews, Mr. Clapp

and myself.

— •» » »• —

NEW AMERICAN LAND SHELLS.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Vt'ti-ca rhoadsi, n. sp. Simijar to V.mdentata, but differing from that

species in the distinct umbilicus, about one-half mm. wide, showing the

penultimate whorl within ; radial grooves more numerous, and there-

fore closer. The same characters, and the smaller size, separate

1<)1_> THE NAUTILUS.

r-hoadsi t'rnui V.carolinerisfs. Alt. 2.5. diam. 4.x mm.. <>r some-

what smaller.

Distribution, mainly along the Blue .Ridge and Tor some distance

each side of it, and south to the Great Smokies. Ft is lacking, so far

as we know, in New York, Ohio, the whole trans- Alleghaniau region

;md the Gulf States, where V. hxlrntafa is of common occurrence.

Special localities are as follows :

Connecticut: W. Granby. Hartford County (Benton Holeomb).

New Jersey : White Pond. Warren County ( Pilsbry & Rhoads.

type locality).

Pennsylvania : Top of High Knob, Pike County (S. N. Rhoads) ;

Philadelphia (Try on) ; Monterey, Adams County (Pilsbry) : Fulton

County (C. W. Johnson ).

Maryland : Cumberland (Howard Shriver).

West Virginia : Wirt County (William J. Fox).

North Carolina: •• Roandale Farm." near Magnetic City (A. G.

Wetherby).

Tennessee: Roe's Flat. Cade's Cove, in the Great Smoky Moun-

tains (James H. Ferriss).

This Vftrea seems to be especially characteristic of the somewhat

mountainous northern portion of New Jersey and Pennsylvania tra-

versed by the Blue Ridge. It often occurs associated with typical V.

tndentata, from which it is perfectly easy to separate it by the well-

marked umbilicus. The series before me shows constantly the dif-

ferences mentioned above, with no intergradation whatever, even when

rhoadsi occurs with indentatus.

Tt is named in honor of Mr. S. N. Rhoads. who collected the types

with the writer. Mr. Rhoads found it also in Pike County, Pennsyl-

vania.

Probably the •' variety with an open umbilicus/' which Mr. Binncy

mentions without locality under Z. indentafus (Manual of American

Land Shells, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 28, p. 63, p. 17) is this form.

Collectors who will look through their series of 1". hidentata and

T'. hammonis from the region iudicafed above will probably find speci-

mens of V.rhondxf. Tt is much easier to separate from indfiifafa, than

cftroh'nensis is.

V1TREA INDENT ATA AND VARIETIES.

The widely distributed V. imlcntata varies from distinctly perforate to

a scarcely punctured condition. In Say's types the perforation mav be

THE NAUTILUS. 10;!

seen with a good lens, though it was not noticed by Say, who probably

worked with what would now be thought an inferior glass. In cen-

tral and southern Texas a large race occurs, in which the shell attains

a diameter of (i mm. It is always distinctly perforate, pale and pellucid.

The difference between this and the form from other regions is slight.

but seems correllated with geographic position. Some hundreds of

specimens have been examined, from New Braunfels, Hidalgo, San

Antonio, etc. I have seen this form labelled " Z. scidptilif, " by

some collectors, and Mr. Binney so identified the specimens collected

in Texas by Hemphill, some of which are before me. (Man. Amer.

\i. Sh. p. 219). It is quite unlike true sculptilis, but approaches Yii-

rea carolinensi* Ckll., which is a geographically separated mountain

form, very close to imlrntata, though, I believe, sufficiently distinguish-

able.

SUCCINEA RETUSA MAGISTER n. var. Distinguished from 8. r< -

fttsa Lea (ovalls Grid, not Say) by its larger size, less developed spire

and larger aperture. Alt. 18, greatest width 9o-10, length of aperture

13-14 mm.

A common form in the northern Mississippi valley, sufficiently un-

like '• oval is " to be separated therefrom by collectors generally, and

frequently called " S. JUgginsi.'1' It is No. 35Sa, of the catalogue.

Types are from Rock Island, Illinois, collected by myself.

PUPA DECORA AND ITS ALLIES. — An excellent series of the typical

/'itpa decora having been secured by Mr. P. B. Randolph in the

Dye a Valley, it is possible to institute more satisfactory comparisons

with allied forms than the limited number of specimens before avail-

able permitted P. decora seems to vary but little. Of its imme-

diate allies 1'. corpulenta Morse is very near decora, perhaps only

varietally distinct. P. cot/cinnula, Ckll. is a smaller shell, with

elongated lamina; rather than denticles within the outer lip. It oc-

curs in Colorado, and I have received specimens from the Jemex.

Mountains, New Mexico, collected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun. P. co-

/umbiana Sterki is an apparently valid species of this group, though

not yet described; and I have still another form from near Lake Su-

perior which is allied to P. decora, but differs in smaller size, in hav-

ing another denticle at the foot ot the columella (five in all, instead of

four), and a sharper, higher crest behind the outer lip. the edge of the

latter more projecting in a point above, when seen in a profile view.

This may be called J\ipa (Neafctula) svperiori*. The west

104 THE NAUTILUS.

Nearctulas, I'. California! and its allies, differ from those of the in-

terior iu wanting the crest behind the outer lip.

From a study of Morch's description and figures in the American

Journal of Conchology, vol. IV, p. 80, pi. 3. f. 6-9. it is obvious

that Pupa Jioppii Moller is not identical with P. decora. Binney's

figure in Man. Araer. L. Sh., f. 190, does not represent the true

hoppii ; and no reliable record of its occurrence outside of Green-

land has been made.

IN MEMORIAM-M. H. CROSSE. (1

BY REV. A. H. COOKE, KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBKIlMiE. E\<i.

The scientific world in general, and malacologists iu particular, will

have learned with profound regret the news of the death of M. Joseph

Charles Hippolyte Crosse, which took place on August 7, 1898, at

his country .residence, the Chauteau d' Argeville, at Vernou, near

Paris. No man of his time has done more, few have done as much,

to promote the study of the mollusca, and in him France has lost one

of her most distinguished men of science. It was one of those strange

coincidences that sometimes occur to us all, that I should have been

walking down the Rue Trouchct, Paris, and wondering whether I

should call at No. 25, only the day before I returned home to hear of

his death, and receive the request to write this obituary notice.

Born in 1827, it was in 1S51 that Crosse contributed his first paper

(Notice sur I'habitat du J'anoprea a.ldrovandi de Sidle) to the

Journal de Conchy liologie, which was then in the second year of its

existence, edited by M. Petit de la Saussaye. It gives some idea of

the strides which the science has made since those days to learn that

then malacology was still governed by the systems of Lamarck and of

Cuvier. Reeve, Sowerby and Kuster had but recently commenced

their iconographies ; Kieuer had suspended his ; the Adams Genera,

Philippi's Handbuch, Gray's Guide, Woodward's and Chenu's Man-

uals were yet to appear. Geographical distribution, as a serious study,

was absolutely unknown.

It is with the Journal <le Conchy liologie that Crosse's memory

will be forever associated. His name first appears iu the title page of

that periodical in 1.801 . and it is not too much to say that to him and his

distinguished colleague, Dr. P. Fischer, who, considerably the younger

man, pre-deceased him by nearly half a decade, is due the entire

(i) From '1'hc Journal of Malacology, Vol. vii, p. 4, December, i

THE NAUTILI'S. JO.',

credit of carrying ou for more than thirty years a publication which

has consistently maintained the highest standard of excellence in the ar-

ticles which have appeared in its pages. Not to speak of innumerable

minor notices and reviews of books, Crosse contributed from his own

pen alone, 249 articles, S-j in conjunction with P. Fischer, and 13 more

in conjunction with A. C. Bernard!, T. Bland, 0. Debea ux, E. Marie

and Dr. Souverbie, making a grand total of 348. He was singularly

faithful to his own journal, for the only contributions he ever appears

to have made to any other recognized scientific paper were six articles

which appeared in the years 1855-59 in the Revue ft, Jllayoxin <le.

Zoologie.

Orosse's knowledge of the mollusca was not confined to any special

group or groups, but was tar-reaching and comprehensive. Naturally

his acquaintance with anatomical details was subordinate to his familiar-

ity with other portions of the study. The land mollusca of New Cale-

donia and New Mexico are, perhaps, the two fields on which he will be

found to have left the most permanent traces of his ability. The former

he dealt with in the columns of the Journal alone ; the latter, in c il-

laboration with Dr. P. Fischer, in the Etudes sur Its Mollusques ter-

restre* et ftuvialiles da Mexii/ue ef du Guatemala, which formed,

with an atlas of 71 plates, the two large quarto volumes making up

Part VII of the Recherchea Zoologique*, compiled by the Mis-

sion Scientifique au Me.rique et flans /' Ameri'/ttr Cent rale, and

published by order of the Minister of Public Instruction in France

(1870-1893). He also began, in conjunction with the same author,

the Hixtoire naturelle des Mollusques terrextres et Jtuuialiles de

Afadaf/axcar. 1889, but this work does not appear to have been com-

pleted. He was especially fond of cataloguing the molluscan fauna of

islands. Some of his lists thus compiled are invaluable to the student

of geographical distribution, remarks upon which generally accompa-

nied the lists. Among the islands thus treated are Rodriguez, Ker-

guelen, Socotra. Prince's and St. Thomas Islands (W. Africa), Nossi-

He and Nossi-Couiba, Trinidad, Cuba (177 pp.), San Domingo (L43

pp.), Porto Rico and New Caledonia (315 pp). His sympathy with

problems of geographical distribution is further shown by such articles

as the following: Jiistrilnition geogrophique et synonymic dex

Bulimus auricul (formes de /' Archipel Viti ; Catalogue dts m»l-

liisqnex qui mvent dans le Detroit de ttehrinf/ ft da/tx les parties

coisines de I' ocean Arctiqite : l-'ti/nn- malacologique du f.ar '/\in-

ganyika, du Lac Baikal.

1 1 Mi THE NAUTILUS.

Another marked feature of his writings is the cataloguing of all

O o

known species of certain genera, often with synonymic and o-eo°Taph-

ical distribution appended. Among the genera thus treated are

Cancellaria, Conns, Holospira, Hijhicystis, Lyria, Merce, Opis-

thnstoma, ParmacrUa, Pirfin, Placobranchus, Plenrotomaria

Pomatias, Eapa, P>,hod?.a, ff/.seUa and Volnta.

It naturally befel one who had the handling of vast masses of ma-

terial to found new genera, as well as innumerable new species, yet he

was no sympathizer with the "splitting" school, and discountenanced,

rather by example than rebuke, the folly of those who reduce the sci-

ence to confusion by manufacturing a new species for every second

specimen. To Crosse are due, either singly or in conjunction with P.

Fischer, the following, amongst other genera : Acropd/chia, P>erend-

tia, Diplomplialus, Eucalodiuw. (reo&iilhi'i. Guextieria. Perei-

a. Xtrtbeha and Xanthony.c.

PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY OF HALIOTIS

BY ROBERT E. ('. STEAKNS.

Haliotisfulgens, Phil , var Walallensis, Stearns.

On the coast of Mendocino county, California, in the extreme south-

west corner, close to the northerly boundary line of Sonoma county, is

an embarcadero or shipping point of the lumber interests of that neigh-

borhood; here is situated a small settlement known as Gualalla.* The

coast hereabout is broken and rocky, with bluffs fifty to a hundred feet

high. In the immediate vicinity of this village Mr. J. J. Rivers

some years ago collected the forms herein described, specimens of which

are contained in the National Museum (No. 98,327) and in the mu-

seum of the University of California. The examples in the National

collection were kindly presented to me by Mr. Rivers, and are a part

of the original lot. The largest adult is of much smaller size than the

average adult examples of the ordinary form of H. fulgcns ; my ex-

amination of the entire series collected by Mr. Rivers su<™;ested the

v OO

European H. tuberrulata of the Channel islands. There is a Japa-''

nese figure in Reeve's Conch. Icon., H. planata, which it somewhat

resembles. As my note book containing the diagnosis, etc., of the

above was unfortunately destroyed some years ago, I am indebted to

'••' Guallala, which is the official pnst office name of the village, is a local-

ized corruption of the Indian Walalln^ which latlei, I think, stnuld be per

petuated .

THE NAUTILUS. 107

the courtesy of my friend, Dr. W. H. Ball, for the following descrip-

tion from the National Museum examples:

Shell of an oval form, considerab y flattened and with about two and

a half whorls ; color, dark brick red, with occasional mottlings of pale

bluish green ; holes, four in the young to six in the adult, ; sculpture,

of fine, somewhat irregular spiral threads, crossed by fine, close, slightly

elevated, sharp, concentric lamellae, and a few small obscure wavelets

which radiate obliquely from the apex ; nacre rather pale, with pink

and pale green reflections, but much less deep in color than the typ-

ical fulyens Lon., 100 ; lat., li« ; alt., 17 mm.

This variety differs from the type in its more elongate and flattened

form, its constantly finer, spiral threading and its paler nacre. The

concentric lamellation is sometimes undeveloped on the young shells.

It has the same number of holes as the type.

This varietal form may be regarded as the extreme northerly expres-

sion of//. fu/(/ois ; the latter, if my memory is not at fault, has not

heretofore been credited to any part of the coast north of Point Con-

cepcion ; from that point to Griialalla is an immense jump, about 320

nautical miles.

GENERAL NOTES.

A NK\V (TENUS OP HELICES. — Upon dissecting specimens of P»li/-

V//>'" mitn'hi/ssfi Dall. recently. Prof. Cockerell noticed several important

points of divergence in the genitalia as compared with what has been

been observed in Poly<itjrn., and sent fresh material to Prof. Pilsbry,

statin"- that a new group seemed to be indicated, and requesting fur-

ther examination This resulted in the confirmation of the features

first noticed and the discovery of others, indicating a new generic

group, which may be called Axhmu.nella, in honor of Rev. E. H

Ashniun. whose researches in New Mexico and Arizona have added

materially to our knowledge of the mollusk fauna of those regions.

The type is P. miorhyxsa Dall An illustrated account of Anhmun-

rlla will appear in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sci-

ences of Philadelphia. H. A. P. & T. D. A. C.

MKLAMPUS FLORIDANUS SHUTTL. — In August, 1894, I collected

some MrlainpUK on Chambers' farm, Queen Anne county, opposite

Chestertown, Md. They were put in the collection of the Academy

under the name, M. iincat.iis Say, but on examination they prove to be

M. fli>rida.nnx, Shuttl. May not other collections have this Floridian

spccios from northern localities? E. G-. VANATTA.V

/£

lit

10S THE NAUTILI'S

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

THE LOWER CRETACEOUS GRYPH^EAS <>F THE TEXAS RK<;K>N. By

ROBERT T. HILL and T. WAYLAXD VAUGHAN. (Bull. 151, U- S.

Geol. Survey.) In the introduction to this work there is an ac-

count of the great controversy that arose between Prof. Jules Mar-

cou and other American paleontologists "concerning the species

Gryphcea pitcher i, Morton, and the formation in which it was

found."

"By the erroneous impression given to Dr. Roemer, through the

careless preservation of original type specimens, the first confusion

of Morton's G. pitcher) with other species of Gryphcea was started,

and the nucleus was created for an almost endless misrepresentation

and conlusion of forms, which has so permeated all the literature

of the country that the task of correcting it at times seemed almost

impossible."

The variations of Gryphwu <-orrti</(t1<t. Say 182;; ( G. pitcher*, Mor-

ton, 1834), called by Maroon in 1851 G. f it <•«»/<•<//•/;, nrc now known

to Ite Lower Cretaceous.

"Mr. Stanton's (Hull 100. U. S. Geol. Sur. pp <;<>-<;•_>). recent

studies of Newberry and Schiel's Grjfp/«ij(f />/Yr//ov from the Upper

Cretaceous of New Mexico and Utah shows it to be a distinct spe-

cies (G. If eirbei- r i/i, Stan.), and removes the last vestige of G. pitch

en' from the Upper Cretaceous

" A review and classification of the fossil Oslreidae of the Texas re-

gion is given, after which is a historical statement of the discovery

of the forms referred to. G pilchei'i, Mort, and the geographical

and stratigraphical distribution of the Lower Cretaceous Gry-

phseas."

A description of species follows G, tt-(ii'<li\$ described as new,

and for G . i>i1cliet'i, Blake (not Morton) the name of (i . tmircoui is

pn>po>ed. The other forms that have been referred to, G pildtcri.

etc., by various authors, are here arranged under four species: G.

<-<>rnt</<t/(t. Say: G. narfa. Hall; G. ii'iixhituoixix. Hill, and (,'^

/ii/icrotiata,Gsib]). The work contains <!<-; pp. of text and is pro-

fusely illustrated by 35 plates.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XII. FEBEUAEY, 1899. X... 10.

COLLECTING SHELLS IN THE KLONDIKE COUNTRY.

BY P. B. RANDOLPH

We left Seattle, Wash., on August 1, 1897, for the Klondike gold

fields. Our first stop was made at New Metaketta, Duncan's Island.

Alaska. We only made a short stop here to take on water. I made

a rush for shore, and, in a short time, had collected a few each of Cir-

cinaria sportella hyltrida Anc., Circinaria vancouverensis Lea and Poly-

gyra columbiana Lea. These were found under the logs and boards

just above high tide mark. No further stop was made until we reached

Dyea, at the head of Lynn canal. From here we had to be our own

pack-horses to the lakes. The Dyea valley is heavily timbered and

the narrow bottom land covered with alder. We laid over one day,

about half-way to the Dyea canon, and I improved the time collecting

the small species found there, consisting of Pyramidula striatella

cronkhitci Newc. , very plentiful under dead leaves and sticks, Conulus

fulvus alaskensis Pils., Punctum conspectum Bid., and Pupa decora

Gould. This last was very plentiful, and I think that in one day's

faithful collecting I could supply the cabinets of the world.

Packing 100 pounds over a pass 8,000 feet high did not tend to

arouse my conchological ambition, but at each stop I prospected the

dead leaves and sticks with varying success.

We laid over one day at Lake Linderm;in, resting from the past

week's hard work, and I had time to hunt over the flat at the head of

the lake, where a small stream empties in. Here I found several dead

shells of the Vltrina exitis Morel., and was despairing of finding any

alive, but at the last moment found three under a small dead stick.

These were the first of this genus that I had ever seen alive, and I felt

110 THE NAUTILUS.

well paid for the time spent. I also fouud Pyramidula striatclla

cronkhitei Newc. and Conulus fuhus alaskensis Pils. Associated

with these were two shells that Mr. George H. Clapp and Mr. H. A.

Pilsbry considered new, and were kind enough to name in my honor,

Zonitoides randolphi Pilsbry and Clapp. At the head of the lake,

near our camp, the rocks were covered with Valvata sinccra Say and

Lwin&a palustris Mii.ll.

The next day we put together our canvas boat, made of twenty-

ounce duck, ready for our 600 miles trip down the Lewes ;md Yukon

rivers to Dawson. At Marsh lake found dead shell* of Linnnwt ampla

Migh., some very large, one measuring one inch uuu a half long and

one inch 'across, and a dwarf variety of Limnxa pnlustris Miill.

The only shell collected going down the Lewes river was Succinea

nuttalliana Lea.

We ran the famous Miles canon in our canvas boat, but packed our

outfit and boat around the White Horse rapids.

I had no further opportunity for collecting until we reached Dawson,

Northwest Territory. There I found dead shells of a Succinea, where

a fire had run through the moss, but they were too fragile to handle.

Snow commenced to fall on September 12th, and that put an end to

collecting trips.

We spent ihe winter on one of the claims on Bonanza creek, in the

ordinary occupation of a miner in that latitude, which would be

another story.

After the clean-up in the spring we rebuilt our canvas boat in the

shape of a scow to godown the Yukon river 1,800 miles to St. Michael's.

We left Dawson on June the 9th and leisurely floated with the current,

enjoying the days twenty four hours long; that is, at Fort Yukon the

sun was visible all the time. As I heard one man ask another " the

time of day," "Eight o'clock" was the answer. The first said: ''I am

worse off than before: I do not know whether it is night or morning;."

O ~

I did not find any live shells on the upper river, but on the bars found

a few dead shells of Succini'a chrysis West.

The mosquitoes were very bad on the lower river, and it was

nearly suicidal to go into the brush; but when about twenty miles

below Andreafsky we were compelled to lay over on account of wind

and rain. I tried the experiment of building a smudge in the gold-

pan and carrying it with me. I was rewarded by finding that the

ground and stalks of grass were alive with Succinea chrysis West., and

before the day was done I had nearly a pint cup of them cleaned.

THE NAUTILUS.

Ill

The next day we left the main river and followed a slough that led

us into three large lakes that run to the foot of the mountains. The

banks are ten to twenty feet high and perpendicular. Near the water

was a stratum of shells (Macoma inconspicua Brod.), about four inches

thick. This locality is about 100 miles from the Aphroon mouth of the

Yukon.

At an Indian camp below Holy Cross Mission I saw the right valve

of an Anodonta used as a spoon by an old squaw. She could not under-

stand, or would not, so I could not learn where it was found. She also

prized it so highly that, though offered a good trade, she would not

part with it. It was the size and color of our Anodonta orcyonensis.

We made an early camp at Point Romanoff", which is about halfway

from the mouth of the river to St. Michael's, on the Arctic Ocean.

Here I had to make use of the same expedient that I used before to

"stand off" the mosquitoes, and found on the drift wood on the beach

specimens of Conulus fti/vus alaskensis Pils. and Pupa decora Gould.

After entering the canal that connects the Arctic Ocean with Norton's

Sound I found the small ponds that are common on the trundra full of

Limnsea palustris Miill., most of them of large size. I also found a

small bivalve very plentiful that was new to me, and I collected a

large number of them ; but, alas! they belong to the Crustaceans and

the other fellows are enjoying them.

I did not find any marine shells at St Michael's, but when we stopped

at Unalaska, on the Aleutian Islands, I had a low tide to work on, and

on the rock spit near the dock collected and recognized the following

species :

Purpura lima Mart.

Buccinum fischerianum Morch.

Volutharpa ampullacea Midd.

Margarita helicina Fabr.

Margarita albula Gould.

Littorina sitchana Phil.

Tritonium oregonense Redf.

Eulima sp.

Acmsea patina Esch.

Pecten sp., dead shell.

Saxicava rngosa L.

Saxidomus squalidus.

Modiola modiolns Lam.

Mi/ 1 if us edulis L.

112 THE NAUTILUS.

Tapes staminea Conr.

Placimanomia macroschisma Dh.

Katherina tunicata Wood,

and two species that I have not located as yet.

At low tide Tritonium oregonense is very plentiful and busy filling

their egg cases. Out of the hundreds seen, but one miniature specimen

possessed the beautiful epidermis that characterizes the species; the rest

were eroded so badly that in some cases the body whorl was alone whole.

At the high tide mark Littorinas were so thick that both hands

could be scooped up full, and the color varieties were all there.

Under the stones at near low tide the beautiful Eulimas were so

plentiful that under one stone, not larger than a dinner plate, I gathered

over luO ; but the tide would not wait for me, so I had to leave this

rich field before I had half explored it. The steamer had finished

coaling j so I bid adieu to the northern country with much regret.

I wish to thank Messrs. Dall, Clapp and Pilsbry for straightening

out the material which I brought down.

UROSALPINX CINEREUS IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY.

In THE NAUTILUS for June, l«9t, I called attention to the occur-

rence of the eastern '; oyster drill," Urosalpinx cinereus (Fusus

cinereus Say), on the beds of transplanted eastern oysters near Bel-

mont, as announced in Mr. Charles H. Townsend's paper* on '-The

Oyster Resources and Oyster Fishery of the Pacific Coast." The

Belmout beds are on the western shore of the bay on the flats of San

Mateo county. Within a few days I have received from Mr. Henry

Hemphill several examples of this familiar form, collected by him on

the old oyster beds on the eastern shore or flats of Alameda county.

In course of time this species will no doubt be found elsewhere, and

become numerous on both sides of the southerly portion of San Fran-

cisco bny. Mr. Hemphill, it may be remembered, was the first to

detect the presence of Mya arenaria hereabout (named by Dr. New-

comb at the time M. Hvmphilli). It is not unlikel}' the mussel so

frequently found adhering to the eastern oysters, Mytilus hamatus

Say, will sooner or later turn up in the bay region, and Mr. Hemp-

hill may be the first to find it.

ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.

Los ANGELES, CAL., December 7, 1898.

* Report of the U. 8. Fish Commissioner, etc., 1889-91, published in March, 1893

THE NAUTILUS.

POTAMOLITHUS JACUHYENSIS, N. SP.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Shell turbinate globose, the last whorl with a " shoulder," pro-

duced by an obtuse but distinct angulation of the whorl above its

middle ; solid and strong, smooth, except for light growth lines, cov-

ered with a strong, dark brown cuticle, becoming reddish on the spire

and green behind the outer lip. Spire low conic, whorls about 4 £,

those of the spire but slightly convex, the last large, obtusely angular

above, rather flattened peripherally, the base somewhat concavely

tapering. Aperture large, rather dilated, oblique, livid within, be-

coming blue-white toward the lip and on the inner margin ; peristome

continuous, blunt, thickened within at the upper angle, the outer lip

a little waved or sinuous, inner margin heavily calloused, rounded, a

narrow columellar crescent defined by an arcuate angle. Alt. 0.5, diaui.

5.3, greatest length of aperture 5 mm.

Rio Jacuhy, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Dr. H. von Ihering)

This species differs from P. lapidum in the angular last whorl,

more heavily calloused, parieto-columellar margin, much larger aperture,

and the angle defining a narrow, crescentic columellar area. P. orbig-

ni/i Pils. is more closely allied than any other known species, but iu

that the body whorl is more distinctly biangular, the outer lip is more

expanded and distinctly varixed, etc.

The species of this genus already described by d'Orbigny and my-

self, came from La Plata, Parana and Uruguay rivers. The present

form is interesting as being from the Jacuhy. a stream flowing into

the Atlantic instead of into La Plata.

For previous references to this genus, under the names .Paludes-

trina, Lifhoglyphusand Potamolithus, see d'Orbigny, Amer. merid.,

p. 382; E von Martens, Malak. Blatter, 1868, p. 192 ; H. von

Ihering, Malak. Blatter (n. F.) VII, p. 9o, and Pilsbry, Nautilus X,

pp. 86, 119.

— «^» — •• —

KEMARKS ON THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF CONULUS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

In most parts of the world there occur small land snails with thin,

yellow or brown glossy shells, conical, pyramidal or teocalli shaped,

with the axis imperforate or barely perforated. The foot has pedal

grooves and the side-teeth are thorn- shaped, with two or more points.

114 THE NAUTILUS.

In North America. Europe and Siberia these shells are known as

Conulus; in middle and South America as Guppya ; in India and

the Orient generally they bear the names Sltala and Kalidla ; while

still other names cover species of Polynesia, etc.

Belonging to the great family, Zonitidx, these are among the least

known snails of that group. The anatomy of only a few species has

been investigated ; the limits of specific variation are ill understood ;

and while it is moderately certain that there are several genera, still

the boundaries and contents of them remain to be decided.

Of the several generic names mentioned above, Conulus of Fitzinger

(1833) is the oldest,* the type thereof being the familiar, though not

well known, Helix fulva.

Herr Reinhardtf was, I believe, the first to point out the fact that

under C. fulvus of European authors, more than one species was in-

cluded. He distinguished two: the true C. fulvus, living in the

woods, and a new one, C. praticola, which is darker colored, brownish

yellow, very glossy, the height very nearly equalling the diameter,

whorls rounder, the keel almost wholly disappearing, the mouth less

wide but higher, and the base shows distinct spiral striation. It lives

in meadows.

Bourguignat,^ dealing with the forms of southern and western Eu-

rope and northern Africa, agrees with Reinhardt as to the identity of

the typical fulvus; and. ignoring G.praticola, he recognizes and

defines some eight species inhabiting this area, all but two of them,

fulvus Miill. and Mortoni Jeffr., being new. This, however, seems

to be rather an extreme view, and it is likely that there are not more

than half this number, if so many as that, in Europe.

A number of forms have been described from Japan ; but, like the

Japanese Helices, Clausilias and most other snails, they apparently

belong to Chinese and Indian types, rather than to the C. fulvus

group. The senior species, H. pupula Gould, is far larger than/W-

vus, measuring some five mm. in height.

In America, Thomas Say defined two forms : H'.lix chersina, based

upon one hardly mature specimen from the Georgia Sea Islands, and

H. eaena, from a locality in the suburbs of Philadelphia. Both of

these have been considered synonyms of C. fulvus. In 1&83 Herr

* Syst, Verzeich. Oesterreich Weichtiere, p. 94. The group originally con-

tained some Helices also.

t Sitzungsber. Ges. naturforsch. Freuude zu Berlin, 1888, p. 40.

Bull. Soc. Malar, de France, VII. 1890, p. 325-338, plate 8.

THE NAUTILUS. 1 \ f,

Reinhardt described another, C. trochulus, from Texas. I do not

know that this has ever been noticed by any subsequent writer.

Finally, Dr. V. Sterki, that indefatigable observer of small shells,

whose researches have added so much to our knowledge of American

iniand mollusks, described a toothed Conulus, the first dentate form

of the genus known, as G. fulvus var. dentatus. §

The shell figured by Binney in the Manual of American Land Shells

(p. 67, fig. 26), is evidently C. fulvus. It will be noticed that he re- •

cords considerable divergence in dentition between the observations of

various observers, Morse giving 18-1-18 as the formula of teeth, with.

7 laterals on each side ; Binney, 30-1-30, with 8 laterals, and Lehmann,

25-1-25. This, as Binney remarks, is more variation than often, if

ever, occurs among individuals of one species, especially in view of

the comparatively small number of teeth. The difference between

the two American observations is 24 teeth in a row, the totals being

61 (Binney) and 37 (Morse). This probably indicates that two dif-

ferent species were under observation by the two observers. Unfor-

tunately the limited time at my disposal, and the limited number of

specimens with the soft parts dried in, has prevented me from exam-

ining the dentition, which I hope to do when more abundant material

collected alive and with the animals dried in, is available. We may

now notice the American forms in detail.

Conulus fulvus i3Iuller).

The species was originally based in part upon a larger shell of the

genus Hygromia, but authors agree in considering as the true fulvus

a shell much less elevated than chersinus, with five whorls, not so closely

coiled as in the several forms of chersinus, the last one distinctly

angular in front, the angle disappearing on the latter part of the

whorl ; base convex, indented and minutely perforate or subperforate

at the axis. Distinguished from chersinus and its varieties by the

fewer, wider whorls and generally less elevated contour. Helix

egeno, Say seems to me to be equivalent to fulvus. It is widely

distributed over the northern half of the Union and Canada. The

Rocky Mountain and California C. fulvus seem to be nearly typical

fulvus, though slightly diverging forms are present.

Conulus fulvus mortoni (Jeffreys).

Rather more depressed, the periphery of the last whorl distinctly

carinated throughout; whorls about 4|. Described from England.

I This journal, Vol. VII, p. 4 (May, 1893).

H(j THE NAUTILUS.

It occurs in Massachusetts, New York and at Hamilton, Ontario, but I

have not seen this from the South or West. It is the size of typical

fulvus, the young of which must not be mistaken for mortoni.

Conulus fulvus alaskensis, n. var.

Similar to C. fulvus but with only 4? whorls, the last one wider;

periphery a little angular in front, becoming well rounded ; columellar

insertion of the lip reflexed over the perforation, nearly or quite closing

it. Alt. 2.6, diam. 3.25 mm, Dyea valley and Point Romanoff, Alaska

(P. B. Randolph).

Conulus cheisinus (Say).

This is very much elevated, the height of fully mature examples

exceeding the diameter, the general form being somewhat like that of an

immature Cerion . Outlines of spire quite convex ; whorls 62, appear-

ing very closely coiled, as seen from above, the last only faintly an-

gular, though in immature shells it is carinated. The base is quite

convex and the umbilical perforation very narrowly open. The lunate

aperture forms a less attenuated crescent than in the following va-

riety. Alt. 3, greatest diameter 2.8 mm. This form occurs from the

Sea Islands of Georgia to Florida, the specimen illustrated being from

Volusia county (coll. Pilsbry and Johnson, 1894).

Conulus chersinus trochulus (Reiubardt).

Similar to the preceding, but lighter colored, less elevated (though

still high), the crescentic aperture narrower. Alt. 2.75, diam. 2.8 mm.

New Braunfels, Texas. Though near chersinus, this form is not dif-

ficult to distinguish, and will probably stand as a southwestern sub-

pecies.

Conulus chersinus polygyratus, n. v.

Similar to the preceding, hut less elevated, with narrower aperture ;

whorls over 0. very narrow, the last one bluntly but decidedly an-

gular in front, the angle above the middle of the whorl, base peculiarly

sloping below the periphery; upper surface" with the lustre of silk;

base glossy, with a silky band around the outer margin. Alt. 2.2,

diam. 3 mm., sometimes larger. Color generally deep, brownish am-

ber. Hamilton, Ontario (associated with C. fulvus mortoni) ; Grand

Rapids, Michigan (with C. fulvus). Differs from typical chersinus

and trochulus chiefly in the peculiar form of the base, produced by

the high situation of the periphery, and the narrower aperture. The

numerous narrow whorls readily distinguish it from fulvus.

Conulus chersinus dentatus (Sterki).

Rather small, with the narrow whorls of the species, the last whorl

THE NAUTILUS. 117

containing 1 to 3 low, radial teeth, forming transverse barriers on the

basal wall, and appearing when the shell is viewed from the base as

white radial stripes. Jackson county, Alabama, on hills (PI. E. Sar-

gent) ; Washington, D. C. (E. Lehnert). The radiating "teeth'1

are of exactly the same type found in Gastrodonta lamellidens Pils.

— a species of very different form.

SOME STUDIES ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE CYCLADIDJE.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

1. It has been said that there are two cardinal teeth in the right

valves of Pisidium amnicum Miill. and P. virginicum Gniel., while

all the other Pisidia have only one, and a group has been founded

mainly on that character. Examination of numerous specimens of

both species have shown me that that feature is only apparent. In

young and half-grown shells the cardinal teeth of the right valves are

single, just as in other species, only more curved, and as they grow

older there is a slight indentation in the middle. There the growth

of the tooth ceases, while both ends keep on growing, until at last there

are apparently two teeth, which, however, can usually be seen more or

less distinctly coherent, even in mature mussels The same character

has often been noticed in specimens of P. variabile and compressum,

where the "two teeth" were sometimes completely separated.

2. Reversed hinges. A few years ago Mr. Bryant Walker pub-

lished some interesting notes* about abnormal hinges in Sphaeria. I

had made some observations on the same subject, and have continued

doing so since. Three different arrangements were found :

1. The posterior laterals are reversed.

2. The anterior laterals and the cardinals.

3. The whole hinge is reversed, laterals and cardinals.

As Mr. Walker says, th.e posterior laterals and the cardinals alone

were never seen reversed, nor both pairs of laterals alone, nor did I

see the anterior laterals alone, nor ihe cardinals alone reversed. Evi-

dently the anterior laterals plus the cardinals form a kind of a unity,

being situated in front of the ligament, and when one part of them are

reversed all are so, while the posterior laterals stand alone. And the

reversion does not only affect the numbers of the teeth, but their whoi

*THK NAUTILI'S, IX., p. 135. (April, is- it;.

LISRAR

US THE NAUTILUS.

character. In the normal hinge the (single) lateral teeth of the left

valve are higher than those of the right one, usually projecting above

the level of the valve-edge. The reversed teeth are so in the right

valve. Reversion in one or other degree was seen in hundreds of

specimens of the Sphaeria s. str. : simile, striatinum, stamineum, (v.)

emarginatum and other forms, jlavum, fabale, nobilr, primeanum,

and in lots from some localities in 20 to 30 per cent, of all specimens.

Might it be inferred, from the great instability of the hinge characters,

as well as the almost endless variability in shape, size and striation of

some species, that the whole group is of a recent geological age, with

the features not fully established? Has any such variability been

noticed in Corbicula, etc., or in the marine Cardiacea?

In Sphaeria -rhomboid e ion, occidental, corneum, etc., reversion

seems to be rare; and so in Caltjculina. It has been noticed in Pisidium

virginic um (three specimens, cardinal and anterior laterals), abditum

(totally and partly), and politum (one specimen, totally reversed). These

were the only instances noticed among many hundred, probably thou-

sands, of Pisidia examined for the hinge characters.

3. Ridges on the beaks of some Pisidia. Ridges (or appendages)

are known to be present on the beaks of a number of species, such as

supinum, henslowamon, compression, fallax, cruciatum, punc-

tatum, ferruyineion, and for some of them they have been described

as characteristic. Of the North American species they have been seen

wanting in P. compression, fallax and punctatum, usually in forms

which are characterized also by other peculiar features, and must be

regarded as varieties. But sometimes all possible intergradations may

be seen among specimens from one locality and ranging under the same

''form" or variety. In P. eructation the singularly shaped ridges

have been found absolutely constant so far.

On the other hand, beaks with their tops more or less flattened, and

with slight indications of ridges, may be seen in species where they are

usually rounded, as in P. variabile, abdititm, splendidulum. Among

lots of the latter species, from Aroostook county, Maine, specimens

were found with very strong ridges, just as in P. ferritgineion, and

they would have to be regarded as representing a widely distinct specie's,

if it were not for intermediate forms.

This is one well marked example of the often perplexing variability

of those small mussels, and strongly urges the student not to rely on

one or other ever-so-striking feature for the distinction of species, but to

carefully consider the ensemble of all the different characters, all of

THE NAUTILUS. 119

which may be variable to a lesser or higher degree. It shows also that

it is impossible to found a species upon one or even a number of speci-

mens from one locality with any degree of certainty.

4. Beaks of Galyculina. The presence of "calyculate" beaks

and of caps on them, has been regarded as characteristic, first, for the

type species ((7. lacustris Miill.), and then for the genus. Both these

characters had to be given up, as being not shown by all species

(e. g. transversa) of the otherwise well-defined genus. As to the

"caps," they are by uo means a constant feature of such species as G.

parfumeia, securis, etc., and during the last years numerous speci-

mens were seen with the beaks simply rounded and having not even

traces of caps. These caps are nothing else but the embryonic shell

of the mussel, which is oblong or elliptic in perpendicular section, and

the additional growth is formed at an angle as a rule. It seems that

the specimens without caps were hatched during the warmer season,

when the young may be expelled at an earlier stage of growth, while

in cold weather they are retained longer in the brood pouches of the

parent and there grow more convex. Numerous young have been seen

with several narrow stripes, separated by lines of growth, along the

edges of the valves. On the other hand, specimens of G. transuersa

are now and then seen with caps, and occasionally also Sphaeria and

different species of Pisidia. This point deserves to be studied more

exactly.

— * «» * —

GENERAL NOTES.

STATION OF LIMN/KA GRACILIS. — We have received from Mr.

Bryant Walker the following note on the above species, extracted

from a letter from Dr. R. J. Kirkland :

" Perhaps you will be interested in an observation respecting

Limnwa yracilis Say. I think Dr. DeCamp was the only person

who found it in Reed Lake, near this city (Detroit, Mich.), and

he only found it one year in May. He once told me he collected

eighty-five on the rushes, where 'they had come to spawn.' I have

searched for it in the spring for the past three years, but have never

found one. Last fall, as I wrote you, I found quite a number in

November. This fall, I found five on September 17, in the same

place as last fall. A week later found eighteen, two weeks later

found fifty. After that only two or three on each of several visits. I

think it was because the community was exhausted. Have searched

at other points in the lake, but unsuccessfully. They were found

120 THE NAUTILUS.

on rushes at an average distance of from six to eight inches from the

bottom, adhering unusually firmly with spire uppermost on a line

with the rush stalk. They did not seem to be in water over four

feet deep, nor in that shallower than six inches. They clung so

tightly to the rush that, in three instances, in the act of removing

them the muscle attaching them to the shell was fractured, and the

animal remained attached to the rush, leaving me with a clean shell

in my fingers. Twice the shell broke without disengaging the animal

from his position."

NOTES ON THE INDENTATA GROUP OF VrrREA. — Referring to the

remarks on this topic in the January NAUTILUS, I would note here

that the perforated form of Vitrea indentata from Texas is var. um-

bilicata Singley. In "British Naturalist"1 April, 1893, p Si, I

wrote :

" Z. indentatus, var. uinbilicatus, Singley, n. var. Mr. Singley

has kindly sent me this from Lee county, Texas. It is the form

figured in Man. Amer. Land Shells, fig. 17."

If the figure of Binney cited by me is I', rhoadsi, the name um-

bilicata must still apply to the Texan shell, as that is the only one

Singley or I had seen. I do not remember, however, that the shell

was much larger than usual.

In case there is any misunderstanding as to what carolmensis is,

I enclose a note giving my original description, not published hith-

erto in full in THE NAUTILUS :

Vitrea carolinensis, (Ckll). The original type was thus described :

Max. diam. 10, alt. 5 mm., whorls 5. Pale horn, shiny, semi-

transparent, umbilical region somewhat whitened. Surface of shell

with strong transverse growth lines and distinct transverse grooved

lines. The grooved lines are about 26 on body whorl. Umbilicus

small, narrow. Aperture obliquely large-lunate, the upper angle

much smaller than the lower. Peristome not sinuate.

Vilrea sculptilis (specimen from W. G. Binney). Max. diam. 10,

alt. 5 mm. Impressed stria? very numerous ; 90 or more on body

whorl. Peristome sinuous, reflected so as to nearly cover umbilicus.

Aperture narrower.

These were originally sent to me by Mr. Binney as ''two forms"

of sculp/His He afterwards agreed that they were distinct, and

that the form referred to sculptilis was that species.

T. D. A. COCKERELL.

As POLYGYRA EnvARDsi Bid. seems to be a rather locally restricted

species, it maybe of interest to record that Mr. Simpson and myself

found it not uncommon at Eli/abethton, Tenn. Polygyra iri-

dentata comp/ana/a also occurred there. — BRYANT WALKER.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XII. MARCH, 1899. No. 11.

CATALOGUE OF THE AMNICOLID.E OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

In the course of preliminary studies for a monograph of American

species of this family, projected some years ago by Dr. C. E. Beecher

and myself, I found that the Western species, or at least part of them,

have been very imperfectly understood by most conchologists who have

collected them. Thus, the name Bythinella or Pomatiopsis intermedia

has been applied to several distinct species of middle California, a region

where it does not occur. Bythinella binneyi and some Amnicolas have

been equally misunderstood, and some of the Fluminicolas need revi-

sion. I have, therefore, drawn up a list, with the localities of speci-

mens in the collection of the Academy, and descriptions of some new

species.

With a view to extending our knowledge of the range of any of the

species, I will willingly examine and identify specimens of the group

for collectors desiring to have their shells compared with types or

typical specimens of the several species.

The types of Amnicola limosa, A.micrococcus, Paludestrina Imitator,

P. stearnsiana, P. hemphilli, Fluminicola columbiana, F. me.rriami, F.

erytliropoma, Pomatiopsis binneyi and P. c.alifornica, as well as of the

synonyms Bythinella intermedia, Melania exigua and Amnicola turbini-

formis, and author's specimens or co-types of all of the other species ex-

cept Fluminicola seminalis, are in the collection of the Academy of

Natural Sciences. My opportunities for determining the status of the

various species, and their syuonymy, have therefore been favorable.

Genus AMNICOLA Gld. and Hald.

A. MICROCOCCUS Pilsbry. Nevada: Small spring in Oasis Valley,

Nye Co. (Merriam); Aurora. Ksuieralda Co. (W. M. Gabb). Cali-

122 THE NAUTILUS.

fornia: Death Valley, Inyo Co. (Nelson and Bailey); seven miles from

Fort Tejon, Kern Co. (W. J. Raymond).

It is a species of the desert region.

A. LIMOSA (Say). Utah Lake(Hayden and others), and Spring

Lake (Putnam), Utah.

A. (pincinnatM) CINCINNATIENSIS (Anth.). Lake Point, (Hemp-

hill) and terraces, (" Bonneville" ) and Salt Lake, (Hayden); Sevier

Lake Valley, Utah (Wheeler Exped.).

Genus PYRGULOPSIS Call and Pils.

P. NEVADENSIS (Stearns). Pyramid Lake, Nevada.

Genus PALUDESTRINA Orb.

[Includes Bythinella Moq. Tand., and of aulnurs gciicially.]

P. LONGINQUA (Gould). Colorado Desert, southern California, at

Indio, etc (fossil specimens); Campo, and springs in Cayaniaca Mts.,

San Diego Co., (Hemphill); Arizona Desert (R. E. C. Stearns); near

White Pine, Nevada (Hemphill); Weber Canon, near Provo, near

Brigham City, near Salt Lake City (Hemphill); Bear Lake (Hayden),

and Utah Lake, Utah (Putnam); Crooked creek, a tributary of the

Owyhee R., southeastern Oregon (Gabb.) Bythinella intermedia

Tryon is a synonym. An extremely variable, widely distributed spe-

cies, often incorrectly identified.

P. IMITATOR Pilsbry. Sonoma, Alameda and Santa Cruz counties,

California.

P. STEARNSIANA Pilsbry. Marin, Alameda, Tuolumme, Santa Clara

und Santa Cruz counties, California.

P. HEMPHILLI (Pils.) near Kentucky Ferry, Snake River, Wash-

ington (Hemphill).

P. PROTEA (Gld.) Colorado Desert; Death Valley, Cal ; States of

Durango and Michoacan. Mexico.

Bythinella se.emani Ffld. is a synonym or smooth local race; P.

protea varies, as Dr. Stearns has shown, from latticed to smooth.

" Bythinella" sequicostata Pils., of Fla., is extremely similar. Tryonia

is probably only a subgenus of Paludestrina. (See Stearns, N. A.

Fauna No. 7, p. 278).

Genus TRYONIA Stinipsou.

T. CLATHRATA Stimps. "Colorado Desert"; Pahranagat Valley,

Nevada (Merriam).

Genus FLUMINICOLA Stiinps.

F. VIRENS (Lea). Oregon : Willamette R. at Portland and Oregon

City; Columbia R. at the Dalles; upper Des Chutes R.; Umpqua R.

THE NAUTILUS.

at Elkton, Douglas Co. Washington: Olympia and San Juan Co.,

Vancouver Id. (f-aludma nudea, Lea is a synonym.)

F. NUTTALLIANA (Lea). Oregon: Willamette R. at Oregon City;

Crooked creek, a tributary of the Owyhee R.; Malheur Co. {Amnicola

hindsi Baird, described from Kootenay R., a tributary of the upper

Columbia, in British Columbia, is a synonym.) This species probably

inhabits the entire Columbia Valley.

F. COLUMBIANA Heuiphill. Columbia R., near Wallula and near

mouth of Snake R.,in southwest Washington ; Snake 11., near Weiser,

western Idaho (Hemphill!).

F. SEMINALIS (Hinds). California: Sacramento R. (Hinds, New-

comb); Shasta Co. (Newc.); Pitt R. (Gabb); South Fork of Pitt R.,

at South Fork P. 0., Modoc Co., head of Fall R., Siskiyou Co., small

creek, Eagle Lake, Lassen Co. (MacGregor); Surprise Valley, north-

east Cal. (Gabb) Oregon : Klamath R. ; west side of Stein's Mts.,

Harney Co. (Gabb).

Var. dalli (Call). Brook flowing into north end of Pyramid Lake,

Nevada, (Call).

Var. . Crane Lake Valley, northeast California. (Gabb.)

Amnicola dalli Call, A. turb in! form-is Tryon and Lithoglyphus

cuminc/i Ffld. seem to be synonyms, the former perhaps a tenable small

variety.

F. FUSCA (Hald.) Wyoming: Black's Fork, Green River, at

Millersville, and Smith's Fork Green R. (Dr. Jos. Leidy). Utah:

Utah Lake; Bear Lake (Hayden), Malad River (HemphiH). South

Dakota: Cheyenne Pass (Carter). The localities "California" and

"Oregon" for this species probably refer to former wide extension of

these territories to the eastward.

F. ERYTHROPOMA Pilsbry. A spring in Ash Meadows, Nye Co.,

Nevada (Stephens). (F. fusca Hald. var. minor, Stearns, N. A.

Fauna No. 7, p. 282). Differs conspicuously from F. fusca in the less

rapidly widening whorls of the operculum.

F. MERRIAMI Pilsbry and Beecher. Warm Springs, Pahranagat

Valley, Nevada (Merriam).

Genus POMATIOPSIS Tryon.

P. BINNEYI Tryon. Bolinas, Cal.

P. CALIFORNICA Pilsbry. San Francisco and Oakland, California.

Hydrobia californica Tryon is an Assiminea; " H. egena Gld." of

some collectors is the large form of Paludestrina imitator, the original

124 THE NAUTILUS.

'< Amnicola egena" of Gould being a spineless Pofamopyrgus from New

Zealand.

Descriptions of New Species.

Faludestrina imitator, u. sp.

Shell narrowly perforate or nearly closed, narrowly ovate, thin,

light corneous, subtranslucent, nearly smooth, not glossy; whorls 4$,

the first planorboid, causing the apex to be decidedly obtuse, the rest

quite convex, separated by a deep suture. Spire slender, conic.

Aperture somewhat less than half the shell's length, ovate, angular

posteriorly, the parietal margin somewhat flattened; peristome thin,

the inner margin adnate to the preceding whorl for a short distance

above. Alt. 3, diam. l.tt, greatest axis of aperture 1.28 mm.

Counties near San Francisco Bay, California. Types from Santa

Cruz.

This species, though corneous and subtranslucent, resembles a young

Bythinella nicklinlanu in form. It is evidently a common shell in the

region mentioned above. In a lot from Oakland the shells are larger

length 4$ mm , with five whorls This is analagous to the attenuata

form of nickliniana, in the East. The same large form is before me

from Petaluma Creek, Sonoma county (J. B. Davy) and Santa Cruz in

brackish water (VV. J. Raymond); and I have seen similar but

deeply eroded specimens, the earlier whorls wholly removed, from San

Pedro. It may be that the types and other specimens before me of

small size, perhaps some 200 shells in all, arc only half grown, and all

would attain a length of 4 to 5 mm. when adult. It is conspicuously

unlike ^Bythinella intermedia" Tryon and Pomatlopsisbinneyi Tryon.

and is less attenuated than the smooth ''seemani" form of " Tryonia"

protea. P. stearnsiana is not attenuated above, but stout spired, more

on the style of P. longinqua Gld. (intermedia Tryon), while in imi-

tator the spire is slender above, though the apex itself is quite obtuse.

P. stearnsiana, n. sp.

Shell narrowly perforate, ovate, thin, corneous, nearly smooth, some-

what glossy, whorls nearly 4^, convex, separated by rather deep sutures,

the !-pire with convexly conic lateral outlines, stout. Apex rather

obtuse. Aperture half the shell's length or somewhat less, ovate, the

posterior angle blunt and rounded, peristome continuous, the inner

margin well defined, generally quite free at the edge from the adjacent

whorl. Alt. 2.6, diam 1.7, or larger up to 3.'- mm. alt.

Near Oakland (type locality); Marshall's, Marin Co. ; Tuolumnie

Co. (Hemphill). San Francisco Peninsula? (G. W. Dunn.)

THE NAUTILUS. 125

Differs from P. imitator in the decidedly convex outlines of the

upper part of the spire, making it stouter, the rounded posterior angle

of the mouth, free inner lip, etc. In some specimens which I refer

to this species as a variety or form, the aperture and peristome are less

typical, but the shape of the spire readily distinguishes them from P.

imitator. Localities for this variety, if such it is, are Lyndon Gulch,

near Los Gatos, and a tributary of the same, Santa Clara Co., Straw-

berry Creek, Berkeley, Contra Costa Co., and Conly Gulch, Santa

Cruz Co., all collected by Mr. W. J. Raymond.

Named in honor of a West Coast friend. I wish for his sake it was

a foot long instead of two or three millimeters.

Fluminicola eolumbiana Hemphill, n. sp.

Shell subglobose, with very short, conic spire, and imperforate of

nearly imperforate axis. Moderately solid, of a dark olive or brown

color* glossy, with fine growth-strife. Whorls 4, separated by deep

sutures, the last whorl with a narrow ledge or shoulder below the

suture, then flattened and sloping, the periphery decidedly below the

middle of the whorl, broadly rounded ; base convex. Aperture large,

irregularly piriform, being narrow and angular above, bluish inside;

outer lip quite thin and sharp; columella broadly concave, heavily

white calloused; parietal wall almost free from callous, dark. Alt.

7.5, diaui. 6.8, longest axis of aperture 5.2 mm.

Columbia River, Washington, near Wallula and near mouth of

Snake R.; Snake River, near Weiser, Idaho (H. Hemphill).

The dark color, superior constriction and narrow but prominent

shoulder of the last whorl, accuminately narrowed posterior portion or

the aperture, and absence of callous on the inner lip, posteriorly, are

characters easily distinguishing this species from its congenors. It has

been known for some years under Mr. Hemphill's MS. name of " F.

nuttalliana var. columbiana," but it seems to be one of the most dis-

tinct species of the genus.

Fluminicola erythropoma, n. sp.

Shell small, globose-turbinate with short spire, perforate, thin but

moderately solid, silvery corneous in color, black where the soft parts

are retained, not glossy, nearly smooth. Whorls 3£. separated by

impressed sutures, the last half more rapidly descending; last whorl

well rounded throughout. Aperture oblique, broadly ovate, angular

above; outer lip thin, inner lip concave below, slightly expanded,

126 THE NAUTILUS.

moderately calloused; adnate portion above very short, somewhat cal-

loused. Operculum light red. composed of about 3 slowly increasing

whorls, the nucleus sunken. Alt. 2.7, diam. 2.3, longest axis of aper-

ture 1.5 mm.

Ash Meadows, Nye Co., Nevada.

Like F. fusca in color, and at first referred to that species as a

stunted local form by Dr. R. E. C. Stearns and myself (see N. A.

Fauna No. 7, 1893, p. 282); but on renewed examination it was

noticed that the operculum is very different from that or other known

members of the genus, in haying the latter part of the last whorl far

narrower, the spiral portion consequently larger, and the nucleus

nearer the middle. It differs from F. merriami Pils. in the calloused

inner lip, among other features; and the different operculum and pale

translucent tint of the shell readily separate it from " Amni'cola" tur-

biniformis, " Amnicola" dalli, and other small varieties of Flwminicola

scminaltK Hinds. The red color of the operculum seems to be constant,

and the size varies but little in the large series collected.

Pomatiopsis calif ornica, n. sp.

Shell turrited-conic, uinbilieate, rather thin, chestnut-brown. Sur-

face somewhat shining, with slight, irregular growth wrinkles and

more conspicuous wrinkles or incipient epidermal lamellae at

unequal intervals, especially on the upper portion. Spire conic,

the apex slightly obtuse, glossy, generally eroded in adult

shells. Whorls 5£, extremely convex, separated by deep sutures,

the last whorl short and convex. Aperture vertical, ovate, scarcely

angular above ; peristome continuous, the inner margin less convex

than the outer, nearly straight where it is in contact with the pre-

ceding whorl for a short distance posteriorly; edge simple, the col-

mellar margin a trifle expanded above the umbilicus. Alt. 5, diaui.

3.3, longer axis of aperture 2.14 mm.

San Francisco, California (R. E. C. Stearns); Oakland (Beecher

coll.)

Two lots of this species are before me from "San Francisco," one

received from Dr. R. E. C. Stearns, the collector of the other un-

known. Another lot (Beecher collection) is from Oakland, collector

also unknown. All were labelled " P. intermedia Tryon."

P. californica resembles the Eastern P. lapidaria and P. hinkleyi

in color, texture and general appearance. It differs from P. lapidaria

in being conspicuously wider, less turrited, more ^m/nco/a-shaped.

From P. hinkleyi, described from Alabama (NAUTILUS X, 37, Aug.

THE NAUTILUS. 127

1&%), it differs in being rougher, and of chestnut rather than of

olive-brown color; but the contour is nearly the same. P. Gincinnati-

cnsis Lea is paler in color, with shorter, more nearly circular aperture,

and different texture. The true Bythinella intermedia of Tryon is a.

wholly different thing.

Thirty-eight specimens examined. Types from the locality and col-

lector first mentioned above. The denticle formula is — > 5. 6, ti.

Since the above was written, additional specimens from San Fran-

cisco have been received from Mr. VV. J. Raymond. They agree in

all respects with the types.

— • ^ » —

ON A NEW SPECIES OF DRILLIA FROM CALIFORNIA.

BY \VM. H DALL.

Drillia empyrosia, u. sp.

Shell solid, with a high acute spire and polished surface; color yel-

lowish with a burnt sienna brown tint on the later whorls, a paler

peripheral band develops white patches where it crosses the ribs ;

transverse sculpture of (about 11) slightly oblique somewhat flexuous

ribs, obsolete below the periphery and upon the anal fasciole, sharpest

on the earlier whorls ; Spiral sculpture of coarse, sometimes nearly

obsolete threads, most obvious below the periphery ; whorls nine, the

nucleus lost in the specimen ; aperture short, wide, with a deep wide

notch leaving a wide fasciole, a callous lump above the notch on the

body, and a rather strong whitish callus, externally brown-edged, on

the pillar; siphonal notch wide with a marked fasciole, the canal

slightly recurved. Lon. of shell 31, of last whorl 16; of aperture 10,

max. diam. 10 mm.

Found in deep water off San Pedro, Cala., by Mr. and Mrs. T. S.

Oldroyd.

This species resembles D. unitnaculata Sowerby. but is smaller,

with a different coloration, with less nodular and more oblique ribs,

and more slender form. Though not the largest, it is perhaps the

most elegant Pleurotonioid of alta California.

NEW PUPIDIE.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

BIFCDARIA QUADRIDENTATA, n. sp. Shell narrowly perforate-rimate,

conical-turriculate, with the apex somewhat obtuse; colorless glassy;

128 THE NAUTILUS.

surface very slightly striated, shining ; whorls six, gradually increasing,

with the suture rather deep between the upper, less so between the

lower whorls; the last whorl moderately ascending at the aperture,

rather rounded at the base, slightly expanded near the aperture, with

an impression over the inferior palatal fold ; aperture rather oval,

truncated above, margins well everted, the palatal somewhat more

curved than the columellar, the two connected by a thin callus;

lamellae and folds four, subequal ; angulo-parietal appearing almost

simple, inclined toward the columella ; columellar horizontal, rather

short and strong, palatals rather short and stout, in normal position,

the inferior somewhat larger and more remote from the margin ; size :

alt. 2.4 to 2.8, diam. 1 3; apert. alt. 1.0 mm.

Hab.: Capitan Mts., Lincoln Co., New Mexico. Over a hundred

good, fresh specimens were collected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun.

In size, shape and color, our species has much resemblance to

Bif. contracta Say, but the aperture, with its lamellae and folds, is

very different, as is at once apparent from the description. Bif.

quadridentata rather ranges with Bif. pilsbryana, which, however

is very much smaller, usually has a basal lamella and whose angulo-

parietal shows hardly its being complex.

BIP. HORDEACELLA Pils. var. PARVIDENS, n. Quite small, apex more

acute than in typical examples, and outline more obovoid ; peristome

rather abruptly but narrowy everted ; lamella? and folds small, es.

pecially so the upper palatal, often being a mere trace ; basal absent

or very small; color pale horn ; alt. 1.5 to 2 mm. Jerome, Arizona,

a good number of specimens, collected by Rev. E. H. Ash mum.

PUPA (PiJPlLLA) SONORANA, n. sp. Shell perforate-rimate, cylin-

drical, apex obtuse, rounded ; color brownish horn ; surface finely

striated-rugulose, more coarsely so near the aperture ; whorls 6£, grad-

ually increasing; suture rather deep; the jast whorl comparatively

small, compressed in its inferior part, the base narrow, almost keeled ;

near the aperture a high, sharp bulging filled with a strong whitish

callus, shining through the shell ; a narrow, deep constriction in front

of it, and an impression over the palatal fold; aperture rather small ;

margins abruptly but rather narrowly everted ; lamellae and fold&-3,

white; parietal rather deep seated, long, spiral ; columellar perpen-

dicular (along the columella), lamellar ; palatal (the inferior) rather

strong, often with a thread-like prolongation inward. Size : alt. 2.ti,

diam. 1.3.

THE NAUTILUS. J •_>«»

Hab.: White Oaks, Mescale, Giluiures, New Mexico, and of one lot

the origin is unknown, (very probably New Mexico or Arizona) col-

lected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun.

Far. TENELLA, n. Shell rather oblong or ovoid ; the bulging in

the palate less high, and only with a slight callus inside. Most speci-

mens are less high than the types (2.3 to 2.6).

Capitan Mts., New Mexico, Mr. Ashmun, a dozen specimens.

This Pupilla is distinct from all uur American forms; but it stands

very near P. triplicata, Studer, of Europe, and may prove to be dis-

tinct only as a var It is smaller than P. blaudi, the last whorl is

more compressed below, and the granular surface, the long parietal,

and the perpendicular, elongated, lamelliform columellar lamella, are

other distinguishing features.

IN MEMORIAM EDWARD W. ROPER.

Edward Warren Roper was born in Revere, Mass., October 12,

1858. When he was three years old his mother died, and he was

taken into the family of her sister, Mrs. Benj. F. Perry, where he

grew up to manhood. When six years of age his uncle and aunt re-

moved to a farm in Lynnfield, Mass. This farm was his home until

the age of fifteen.

The creatures of the woods and fields were his favorite companions.

He was especially interested at this time in birds and wild flowers.

An essay on "The Nesting Habits of Birds," won him a prize while

in High School, and led to his early recommendation for membership

in the Boston Society of Natural History.

The family having removed to Revere, Edward's education was

finished in the Chelsea High School, from which he graduated in

June, 1877. The treasures of the sea, shore and marsh had begun to

interest him, and he now determined to concentrate his scientific

efforts on conchology.

Three years after leaving school Mr. Roper became employed in

newspaper work, which he followed for eleven years, editing the

"Revere Journal," and afterwards a paper in Somerville, "The

Truth," and for several years the '• Chelsea Record."

In December, 1893, he suffered a severe attack of grippe. As soon

as he was able he went to Jamaica for the remainder of the winter,

and returned apparently fully recovered.

130 THE NAUTILUS.

In October, 1894, he married Miss Flora G. Allison, of Dublin

N. H.

The following winter brought a return of the former illness, and

again he went to Jamaica, accompanied by his wife. They spent four

months on the island and collected and brought home a large number

of land shells and ferns.

The spring and summer of 1895 Mr. Roper spent in putting his af-

fairs in order preparatory to becoming a permanent exile from New

England.

The next year was spent in Colorado Springs. Mr. Roper was oc-

cupied a great part of the year in arranging and cataloguing his

special collection. And here a daughter was born in March, 18!'6.

In September, 1896, Mr Roper and family went to California,

going first to Pasadena, a year later to Long Beach, and last July to

San Diego.

Mr. Roper's health never really improved, but he was able most of

the time to do some collecting. Even Southern California is not free

from grippe, and in the early part of October Mr, Roper had an

attack from which he could not recover. In November he was some-

what better and made several trips to the beach. As late as November

27th he was driven with his family to La Playa and spent the day on

the shore. He usually succeeded in finding a choicer shell than any

of the rest of the party.

About the middle of December his health began to fail quite

rapidly. His indomitable energy kept him from giving up, and he

was confined to his bed only one day. The end came on the last day,

of the year 189*.

Mr. Roper's collection of about 3000 species, including his special

collection of Cyrenidje, becomes the property of the Boston Society of

Natural History.

Mr. Roper was well known to con^hologists through his papers in

THE NAUTILUS. His articles were always of the greatest interest,

including such subjects as: " Collecting Land Shells in Southern

California," "In a Maine Cpnchologist's hunting ground," "Collect-

ing at Eastport, Maine," " Pleurodonte Brainbridgeiand other Jamaican,-

Shells," etc., etc. Later Mr. Roper made a special study of the Sphaeria

and Pisidia, and contributed the following articles on the subject:

"Notes on Sphserium secure Prime," "Anew American Pisidium,"

(P. idahoense) Vol. iv, page 85, December, 1890. "Notes on the

THE NAUTILUS. 131

Washington Splueria and Pisidia with Description of New Species,"

(P. randolphii) Vol. ix, page 97, January, 1896. "A Word About

Sphseria."

The species Poli/gyra Ropcri and Fusus Roperi, were discovered

by Mr. Roper and named in his honor. The latter is type of Roperia

a new section of Fusus.

*«•>

ANOTHER NEW SNAIL FROM NEW MEXICO.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

Ashmunella pseudodonta (Dal.) subsp. cipitanensis Ashnum & Cockerell, n

xubsp.

Shell depressed, shining, dark horn color or even reddish; the

usual stride distinct but not sharp ; spiral impressed lines visible

with a lens; whorls 5^ rounded; aperture oblique, semi-lunar;

lip expanded, broad, reflected, strongly tinged wah pinkish or coffee

color, edentulous, except that the basal part bears within a distinct but

slight callus, which is more or less li/id; parietal denticle either ru-

dimentary or distinct, but never large; umbilicus broad, exposed,

broadly exposing the penultimate whorl. Diam., max. 17 to 18^ ;

min., i*1/? to 15; alt., 8 to -o mm.

Habitat ; Near Baldonado Springs, Capitan Mts., Lincoln Co.,

New Mexico, alt 8,200 ftet. (E. H. Ashmun.)

This is to pseudodonta practically as chiricahuana is to ashmuni.

— • ^ • —

GENERAL NOTES.

STATION OF LIMN/EA GRACILIS — By a curious blunder. Reed s

Lake was said to be near Detroit instead of Grand Rapids, Mich.,

in the February NAUTILUS, page 119.

Canon A. M. Norman, in the "Annals and Magazine of

Natural History," for January, 1899 (page 79), gives an interest-

ing account of two recent specimens of the gigantic Madeiran

Helix Lowei Fer. This species, which attains a diameter of up-

wards of 2 inches, is not uncommon in the calcareous beds of Porto

Santo, but only two recent specimens are known : one collected by

Sr. J. M. Moniz some years ago, the other recently acquired by

Canon Norman, formerly in the collection of the late Baron von

Maltzan.

CONULUS CHERSINUS var. DENTATUS. — The toothed form of

Conulus was first noticed by Mr. W. G. Binney (Man. Amer. Land

bhells, p. 69). A note on the dentition of Conulus by Dr. V.

Sterki will be found in NAUTILUS VI, p. 10u.

132 THE NAUTILUS.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

acted in the int<

Agassiz

[Conducted iu the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the

gassiz Association by its General Secretary, Dr. W. 8. Strode.]

CARING FOR 8HELLS.

[Extract from the reportof Prof. Josiah Keep. From tlie Transactions of the

Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter for 1898.]

During the past year the time that I have been able to give to

conchology has chiefly been spent upon my cabinet of shells. There

is one enemy that is ever present, namely, dust; and my work has

largely been in the line of erecting fortifications to repel its intrusion.

Shells will get dusty in the best kept houses, and labels are liable to

be lost or grow dim. So now it is my practice to put all my small

shells into some dust-tight recepiacle and to put the labels with them

or else secure them firmly upon the outside of the box. The cost of

suitable boxes and vials has been an obstacle in the past ; but that

has been now largely overcome, and I can do no greater service

to "Isaac Lea" comrades, than to suggest one means at least of

securing the desired end.

In past years I have used homoeopathic vials for the smallest

shells, and one or two-ounce, wide mouthed bottles for the larger

oms ; but neither of these were very satisfactory. The homceo. vial

has too small a mouth, and the bottles were coarse and clumsy.

Last Summer I purchased a quantity ot " seal shell vials," which are

merely short pieces of glass tubing, sealed at one end and ready to

receive a cork at the other. These vials I obtained from Whitall,

Tatum & Co., 410 Race street, Philadelphia. I bought three gross,

of different sizes, the smallest beiny1 about y2 inch in diameter and

\y^ inches in length ; the largest is 34 inch diameter and 2^ inches

long. The cosi, with corks, was only about one cent on an average.

For my very small shells I use short l^ dr. homceo. vials.

The shells are safely coiked in these vials, with the Ubel inside,

where they may defy the old enemy, dust ; and a little wiping of

the tubes will make them appear as good as new at any future time.

But these vials will not answer for flat shells, like limpets or small

pectens. So, for these, I bought, of the same firm, a quantity of

turned wooden boxes, y2 ounce, • ounce and 2 ounces, phoenix pat-^

ern. They cost even less than the vials, and are very convenient for

many purposes.

After filling a box, I paste a label on the top of the cover. I use

Dennison's laoels. Nos. 204, 208 and i\z. They are very inex-

pensive and convenient.

MILLS COLLEGE, CAL.. Jan. \. 1899.

THE NAUTILUS.

VOL. XII. APKIL, 1899. Xo. 12.

ON A RECENT COLLECTION OF PENNSYLVANIAN MOLLUSKS FROM THE

OHIO RIVER SYSTEM BELOW PITTSBURG.

BY SAMUEL N. RHOADS.

Owing to the steady extermination of the molluscan life of the Ohio

river in western Pennsylvania, due to the pollution and damming of

the waters of that river^and of the Monongahela, and to a smaller extent

of the Allegheny river, any information relating to the species still

existing in these waters must be quickly put on record to be pre-

served. It is the aim of this paper to give a list, briefly annotated,

of the fresh water species recently collected by the writer in the vicin-

ity of Pittsburg. While the time devoted to this collection was lim-

ited to less than a week's work, and the number of species taken do

not duplicate all those hitherto secured by local collectors in that re-

gion, it seems desirable to publish, if only to inspire others more fa-

vorably situated than myself to record their knowledge in this line be-

fore it is too late. Indeed, it is remarkable, when we consider the

amount of molluscan research carried on by the conchologists of Penn-

sylvania that as yet nothing in the nature of a faunal list of the aquatic

mollusca of western Pennsylvania has yet appeared.* Before giving

the list it is proper to enumerate some of the agencies which are surely

accomplishing the extinction of so much of the fluviatile life of the

Ohio river and its tributaries. Above the city of Pittsburg the Mo-

nongahela is bordered for the greater part of its navigable length with

factories, furnaces, refineries, mines, and oil and gas wells, whose

refuse products are continually draining into the river. The sewage

of the towns on this river is also a factor in its pollution. Great as

this pollution may appear, it is not likely that it would cause the death

*Some Unionidiv from the Allegheny river in Warren county, Pennsylva-

nia, were listed by W. B. Marshall in Bulletin of the New York .State Museum,

Vol'i, but as no localities are given in the list it is impossible to determine

whatspecies were taken in Pennsylvania and what in New York.

134 THE NAUTILUS.

of many mussels and fish, which now no longer exist in the lower half of

the MoDongahela,if the waters had their free course ; but the damming

of the river has so concentrated this sewage during low water that the

imprisoned animals have no relief from the free flow of the current nor

means of escape from the limits of the dammed area. The Mononga-

hela is said to be now dammed for purposes of navigation throughout

its entire length in Pennsylvania and for some distance farther into

West Virginia. Old rivermen told me that it was useless to try and

get live mussels below Cheat river, though only a year since, a small col

lection of uniones from the Monongahela near Charleroi, Washington

county, was made for the Carnegie Museum. It is noteworthy, how-

ever, that most, if not all, of these were " dead " shells. At McKees-

port, the junction city of the Monongahela and Youghiogheny rivers, I

was unable to find any evidences of molluscan life in the waters of

either river, nor were any dead shells to be found on the mud banks

and shoals exposed by the very low stage of water then prevailing. A

boatman stated that there was little hope of finding any live mussels

below Connellsville on the Yousjhiogheny.* A similar condition exists

in the Allegheny river above Pittsburg, as far as my search extended

a few miles above Sharpsburg, only dead shells of the larger uniones

being found where three years since a member of the High School

Naturalists' Club of Pittsburg told me he had secured the living animals-

The same remarks apply to Chartier's creek within the city limits and

flowing into the Ohio river at McKees rocks, just above the Davis Island

dam. A few dead shells of U. Ugnmcnthuis were picked up in the bed

of this creek. Following the instructions of Mr George H. Clapp, of

Edgeworth, Allegheny county, Pa., who kindly gave me the full benefit

of his intimate knowledge of the Ohio river between his home and Pitts-

burg, I searched for water niollusca at the lower end of Neville Island

opposite Coraopolis, but without success, only a few cast-up shells of

liyamentinus and crassidens being noted. Just as I had given up the

search and was wilting for a trolley car on the bridge above Coraopolis,

connecting the citj with Neville Island, I espied some live uniones in the

shallow running water of the "back river" which flows beneath the

* This is, no doubt, largely due to the immense volume of " mine water " now

discharged Into the river. This " mine water " is heavily charged with sulphuric

acid, due to the leaching out of the sulphate of iron in the coal measures. At

times of excessively low water the percentage of free acid in the water is so high

that works along the banks of the Youghiogheny and Monongahela rivers as far

down as Pittsburg have been forced to suspend operations, due to the eating out

of the steam boilers, and the railroads which use this water in their engines, for

lack of a better supply, have spent large sums of money in putting up treating

tanks in which to neutralize the acid before pumping into the boilers. — G. H. C.

THE NAUTILUS. I;;;(

bridge at that point. Here, and for a distance of two and a half miles

above it, the small stream, to which the "back river " dwindles at ex-

treme low water on the south side of Neville Island below the wing

dam, is more or less thickly populated with living uniones. This stream

is supplied almost wholly by fresh water springs rising along its

bottom. From the absence of live mollusks in any part of the main

river and other parts of the " back river " where these fresh springs

exert no influence, it is just to conclude that to these alone is due the

existence of the only living uniones which I was able to locate in

Allegheny county. A special collecting trip for mussels was taken

to Beaver, Beaver county, search being made in the Ohio river at the

junction of Beaver river, and at several points below Beaver to the

mouth of Raccoon creek and up that creek two miles. Living shells

were yery scarce anywhere along this route, most of them being taken

where the less polluted waters of the Beaver joined those of the Ohio.

Below this, along the bed of the Ohio, nearly all the uniones found were

dead or dying, a condition of affairs which the ferryman at Vanport told

me had come to pass largely in the last two years. The subjoined list will

also contain an enumeration of the species found during a day's hunt

in the Beaver river below Wampum, in the southern border of Law-

rence county, about fifteeen miles north of Beaver. The conditions

obtaining among the water mollusca in that locality are probably

normal.

Mr. Clapp has kindly consented to read the manuscript of this paper

and make such annotations as may be of special interest. To such

notes his initials are appended. In the identification of this collection

the author was accorded every facility afforded by the collection of

uniones in the Carnegie Museum, identified by 31 r. Simpson and by

the historic collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences, where the

final determinations were made. To Dr. W. J. Holland, of the

former, and Prof. Henry A. Pilsbry, of the latter, I am especially in-

debted for services rendered in this connection. For sake of conven-

ience in reference the nomenclature of Lea's Synopsis (1870) is

adopted for the Uniones; and the sequence of the genera and species

of Unionidse is alphabetic.

Annotated List of Species.

Family UNIONIDAE.

Auffdonta edentula Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 16; Beaver, 1 .^

Bearer R., 14.

i:;<; THE NAUTILUS.

Anodonta gracilis Lea. Ohio R., Beaver, 9; Coraopolis, 9.

Anodonta marginata Say. Ohio R , Coraopolis, 4 : Beaver R.,

Wampum, 100.

Margaritana rugosa Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 5; Beaver,!; Bea-

yer R. , Wampum, 6.

Unio aesopus Green. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3; Beaver R., Wam-

pum, 1.

Unio alatusSsLj. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 14; Beaver, 1.

Unio coccineus (Hild) Lea. Beaver R., Wampum, 7.

Unio cooperianus Lea. Ohio R.. Beaver, 1 ; Corapolis, 4.

Unio contutus Bar. Ohio R., Beaver, 1 ; Corapolis, 1.

Unio ci/lindricus Say. Ohio R., Corapolis, 1 ; Beaver, 1 ; Beaver,

R. , Wampum, 2.

Unio crassidens Lam. Ohio R.. Coraopolis, 40; Beaver, 3.

Unio donaciformis Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis. 2. The larger speci-

men is 66 mm. long.

Unio elegans Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3. These specimens out-

wardly appear like rubioinoms from the same locality, in this respect

being much more elongated and less sharply carinated than the typical

elegans.

Unio gibbosus Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 41 ; Beaver, 9; Beaver

R., Wampum, 28.

Unio irrorotus Lea. Ohio R., Beaver, 1.

Unto kirtlandianus Lea. Beaver R., Wampum, 150.

Unio lens Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3; Beaver R., Wampum, 25.

Unio ligamfintinus Lam. Ohio R. , Coraopolis, 100*; Beaver, 20 ;

Beaver R., Wampum, 70. In the Ohio this was the most abundant

niollusk, exceeding in numbers all the other Unios put together.

Unio luteolus Lam. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 16; Beaver R., Wampum,

18.

Unio metaneve.r Raf. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 12; Beaver, 5.

Unio multiradiatus Lea. Beaver R , Wampum, 14.

Unio obliquus Lam. (U. subrotundus and varicosus Lea.) Ohio

R., Coraopolis, bl ; Beaver, 8. Forty adult specimens of the obliquus

type presents so many gradations corresponding on either hand to sub-

rotundus and varicosus in the series at the Academy of Natural

Sciences named and presented by Isaac Lea, that I am obliged to lump

them as above. There is also a complication regarding the appli-

cability of the name mytiloides Raf., to some of these. It is probable

THE NAUTILUS. 137

that my series represents two species, but the task of separating them

must be left to a specialist.

Unio ovatus Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 29 ; Beaver, 1 ; Beaver R.,.

Wampum, 3.

Unio parvus Bar. Beaver R., Wampum, 1.

Unio phaseolus Hild. Beaver R., Wampum, 37.

Unio pilaris Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 1.

Unio plicatus Lesueur. Ohio R., Beaver, 1 ; Beaver R., Wam-

pum, 10. A more careful examination may show some of these to be

andulatas. The distinction between these two species as identified

in the Academy collection is not correlated by constant differences.

Unio pressus Lea. Beaver R., Wampum, 3.

Unio pustulosus Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 1; Beaver R., Wam-

puni, 8.

Unio rectus Lam. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 4; Beaver, 5.

Unio rubiginosus Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 5.

Unio securis Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 1.

Unio triangularis Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 17; Beaver, 10;

Beaver R., Wampum, 15.

Unio trigonus Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3. These specimens are

so young that their identification is not satisfactory.

Unio tuberculatus Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 1 ; Beaver, R.»

Wampum, 2.

Unio verrucosus Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 2 ; Beaver, I ; Bea-

ver R., Wampum, -2.

Family CYRENID/E.

Sphaerium stamineum Conr. Ohio R, Coraopolis, 20; Raccoon

Creek, Beaver Co., 4.

Sphaerium striaiinum Lani. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 15; Raccoon

Creek, Beaver Co., 3; Beaver R., Wampum, 2.

Family PLEUROCERID^E.

Goniobasis depygis (Say). Ohio R., Coraopolis, 150; Beaverr

10 ; Beaver R.. Wampum, 60 ;

t-leurocera canahcul atum Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 50; Beaver^

16.

Family VIVIPARID.E.

Campeloma subsolidum (Anth). Beaver R., Wampum, 20.

Family PHYSIDJE.

Physa heterostropha Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3; Beaver, 20;

Allegheny R., 6 m. Isl., Pittsburgh, 60; Beaver R., Wampum, 27.

138 THE NAUTILUS.

Physa Integra Hald. Ohio R., Coraopolis, I ; Beaver, (j.

Family LIMN^EID^E.

Limnaea columella Say. Shenley Park, Pittsburgh, 20 ; Ohio

E., Beaver, 1.

Planorbis trivolvis Say. Ohio R.. Coraopolis, 15.

Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 20.

Family ANCYLID^.

Ancylus diapha.nns Hald. Near mouth of Raccoon Creek, 2o ;

Allegheny R., G m. Isl., Pittsburgh, 50.

Ancylus rivularix Say- Beaver R., Wampum, 6; Raccoon Creek,

Beaver Co., '6.

— « o * —

A NEW FTERONOTUS FBOM CALIFORNIA.

fiY W. H. DALL.

Pteronotus Carpenter!, n. sp.

Shell trialate, reddish brown, with obscure spiral lines of darker

brown, the aperture whitish with a darker throat; nucleus brownish,

whorls about eight, the last much the largest; suture distinct, ap-

pressed, intervarical surface smooth or obscurely spirally striate, the

apical whorls with reticulate threading; the last two or three whorls

•with a single obscure nodulosity on the periphery between the var-

ices ; varices continuous up the spire; posterior face of the varices

smooth with obscure radial ridges which slightly crenukte the margin,

in adolescent shells; but in full grown ones there are about five rather

wide, low radial ridges, each of which terminates in a digitation of the

margin ; anterior face of the varices with profuse, close-set crenulate

imbrications, which in fully grown shells show radial depressions cor-

responding to the ridges on the back of the varix; digitations exca-

vated in a shal'ow manner anteriorly, tennin iting in somewhat blunt

projections, thin and sharp edged ; aperture small, oval, with a con-

tinuous, raised, smooth margin without denticulations; canal closed,

moderately wide, bent to the right in front, a disused smnller canal

bordering its posterior two-thirds on the left. Length of shell 57,

of last whorl from the suture, 42; width including varices, 35 ; width

of aperture, 9.5; length of aperture, 13 mm.

Monterey, Gala., F. L. Button ; at station 2908, off Pt ConceptFon,

Cala., in 31 fms., sand, U. S. Fish Com.; and at the Farralone islands,

Gala., J. S. Arnheiui. This shell recalls P. mucropterus Desh.. of the

Antilles, and like it belongs to the section Ptcropurpura Jouss. Young-

specimens are more pointed, and with narrower, less digitate varices,

THE NAUTILUS. ]:',<,»

than the ;ulults. A specimen withmu l.ir.ility, but probably from

."Monterey, was in the collection of Mr. F. Button, now belonging to

his son, F. L Button.

HOW UNIONES EMIGRATE.

BY LORRAINE s. FRIERSON.

In the June number of NAUTILUS, 1S91, is an article by Mr. C. T.

Simpson, on "The Means of Distribution of Unionida? in the South-

eastern United States," in which he says that he had often found U-

obesus Lea in dry places, where for nine mouths of the year they

must have been in a dormant condition.

This Unio. which is no doubt a variety of U. declivis, U. si/mmet-

ricus, etc., is one that can stand such changes. I have obtained them

in places where they must have spent half of their lives in such a dor-

mant condition. On the other hand, some Anodontas and Margari-

tana confra.yosa Say are so intolerant of heat that they are frequently

killed by the sun's rays while yet in water six inches deep. For the

spread of these species of Unionidce some other means than those which

would suffice for U. obesus must be employed. Should it be shown

that embryonic unios become encysted in fish, of course the problem

would be solved in large part. There is, however, a method em-

ployed in nature which I have not seen mentioned, and which is to

my mind a complete solution of the problem. Did any of my fellow

Unio "cranks" ever catch Unio during the winter months by means

of a long slender switch ? You go to a bed of mussels in clear water,

and standing on [the shore you gently poke the end of your switch

into the gaping shell of the unsuspecting unio. As soon as it feels the

stick it closes the shell tightly on it; then you gently pull the mussel

out and put it in your game bag.

Now suppose that this mollusk was an impregnated female, and that

instead of a switch it was a wild duck's toe, which was accidentally

caught between the valves. What would happen ? Why, that the

duck would fly out of the Black Warrior river in Alabama, and finally

alight in Lake Kissiinee, Florida, and by this time either the unio

would let go or the duck's toe be cut off; and presto, a whole colony

of unios is established. This is no fancy, but an observed fact, that is,

so far as the transportation of unios is concerned.

Twice I have killed wild ducks with unios attached to their toes,

140 THE NAUTILUS.

and have seen what I believed to be unios hanging from the feet >>1

others flying overhead. What has coine under my individual obser-

vation twice must have happened thousands of times. How else could

Unionidae from the Mississippi drainage get into Florida?

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AMEBICAN LAND SHELLS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Gastrodonta coelaxis, n . sp.

Shell rather widely unibilicate, the width of umbilicus contained 6 to

(i| times in the greatest diameter of the shell; thin, somewhat fragile,

yellow-corneous, sub transparent, the last suture readily visible through

the base; much depressed, the periphery subangular, upper surface

convex; surface glossy, sculptured with irregular wrinkles in the di-

rection of growth lines above, almost smooth beneath, and in favorable

lights showing subobsolete spiral stride. Whorls 6J, slowly w idening

a little convex, the last moderately convex below. Aperture oblique

irregularly lunar, deeply excised by the preceding whorl, not calloused

inside, two-toothed a short distance within ; one thin and rather short

lamella projecting from the lower part of the outer wall, and another

smaller one from the middle of the baso-columellar wall; both some-

times wanting; pristome thin and sharp, the outer margin well

rounded, baso-columellar margin straightened. Umbilicus well-like,

but widening at the opening and showing the penultimate whorl. Alt

3, diani. 6 to 65 mm.

Cranberry, North Carolina (Mrs. George Andrews).

This species adds another to the long series of mountain snails dis-

covered by Mrs. Andrews, whose success in finding new and rare

species has been remarkable. Future students of the snails of this

"Cumberland" mountain region will always gratefully remember two

ladies who have done much of the pioneer work — MRS. ANDREWS

and Miss LAW.

G. coelaxis is intermediate between G. gularis (Say) and G. las-

modon (Phill). It is more widely umbilicate than the former and has

a narrower umbilicus than the latter species. There is no callus

within the basal lip, such as shows a yellowish blotch in most speci-

mens of gularis.

This species is perhaps what Mr. Binney identified as Zonites ma-

cilenta Shuttl. in First Supplement to Terr. Moil. V, p. 143, but is

not the macilcnta of Shuttleworth, which is an absolute synonym of

THE NAUTILUS.

G. lasmodon Phill. That so good a conchologist as Shuttleworth

should have described a known species is readily explicable in this

case; " H. lasmodon'' having been described but a short time before

in the proceedings of a society probably not in Shuttleworth.' 3 posses-

sion, it had not been figured and was not contained in any general work

on the shells of America. However this may be, so good a diagnosti-

cian as Shuttleworth could have used the words, u late et perspective

umbilicata " of no other species of the region, and the rest of the de-

scription,* as well as the comparison with Patula, agrees excellently

with lasmodon. This conclusion will remove macilenta from the list

of valid species and place it under latnwlon as a synonym.

The gularis group of Gastrodonta is a peculiarly perplexing one.

Both gularis and cuspidata were originally described as imperforate ',

butboth have perforate forms also. G. gularis was described from Ohio

and I will be most grateful to anyone who has Ohio specimens, for a

few. Shell out, brethren ! Mr. Vanatta, who has recently overhaul«d

the series in the Ac id 3 my collection, informs ni3 that he finds great diffi-

culty in separating G. collisella from gularis, and it seems likely that

that form should be ranked as a variety of gularis rather than a dis-

tinct species. He finds, too, that there is a narrowly umbilicated var-

iety (already noticed by Biuney) and another with notably excavated

base, consequently straight baso-columellar lip, and more or less defi-

cient internal teeth. This was named by Mr. A. D. Brown in his

collection (now in coll. A. N. S. P.); but pending a thorough exam-

ination of the gularis group, it is scarcely fair to worry a long-suf-

fering generation of conchologists with any names for these local races.

The genitalia of the various forms should be examined.

Polygyra postelliana sub3lausa, u. v.

Differs from P. postelliana in the greater development of all the

oral obstructions. The parietal process enters more deeply ; the upper

lip-tooth is more deeply placed, more strongly hooked than usual in

the typical form, and the apertural orifice decidedly narrower through-

out, shaped like an interrogation mark (?) without the terminal dot.

Surface regularly rib-striate, below as well as above. Whorls 5£ to 6.

Alt. 5.7, greatest diam. 10 m n. \lt. 5, greatest diam. 9 mm.

Bauldingsville; Baldwin, Baker county, and Imri, Hamilton county,

Florida.

A smaller form of this variety, smoother below, occurring in Volu-

* A slightly inaccurate translation is given by Binney in Manual of Ameri-

can Land Shells, p. 227.

142 THE NAUTILUS.

sia county, Florida, differs as follows: Aperture similar to the preced-

ing, but anterior outline of the parietal wall more elevated, straighter,

less excavated in front of the parietal fold. Surface almost or quite

free from rib-striate below. Whorls 4£ to 5. Alt. 4, greatest diam.

7£ mm. Alt. 3^, greatest diam. 6i mm.

Typical P. postelliana occurs in Glynn and Wayne counties, Georgia,

and South Carolina. I have not seen it from Florida.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted iii the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the

gassiz Association, by its General .Secretary, Dr. W. S. .Strode.]

A gassiz

SHELLS OF LAKE WORTH, FLORIDA.

[Extract from the report of J. J. White. From the Transactions of the Isaac

P-I i 'rmflinlnp-ifHl ('banter for 1898.1

Lea Couchological Chapter for 1898.]

Having had occasion to visit the soldiers stationed at Miami, in July

last. I could not let such an opportunity pass without profit! ng by

it. Heavy rains kept me within doors the greater part of the time.

When dry enough I was out in the woods skirting the town and was

amply repaid by finding large quantities of the beautiful Liguus fas-

ciatus Brug. These I found on trees, sometimes as high as twenty

feet from the ground. I had to procure a long pole to detach them

from trees, catching them in my hands, so as to prevent them from

breaking by falling on the rocks and roots of trees. I soon found that

I must have a safer way to collect them ; so I made a little basket of

twigs and bark, and attached it to the end of my pole, and found it to

work admirably. I soon collected all I thought I would need. While

sitting in the car, waiting for the train to start for Palm Beach, I

counted twenty-seven on the trees close by the station.

During my stay of five weeks at Palni Beach and Lake Worth I

made a number of trips up to the new and old Lake Worth inlets,

which have been my favorite collecting grounds in years past. Finer

collecting grounds would be difficult to find on the Atlantic coast, and

those who visit them always come away well repaid. Lake Worth is

about the northern limit for the Strombus, except S. pugilis^ which is

sometimes found further northward. While stopping with W. E.

Spencer, of Lake Worth, he helped me make a water glass, which was

a great help in collecting. We took a small butter tub, and, after

taking out the bottom, we cut a sheet of window glass to fit in its place

THE NAUTILUS.

an d cemented it with beeswax, and it was a great benefit to me during

my visits to the inlets. Inside the inlets there are vast sand flats,

which are mostly covered at high tide and exposed at low tides.

When the flats were exposed at low tides we found a great many

fine shells, such as Tag el us gibbux, Fulcjar pyruin, Natica Uvida

Sigaretus perspective, Neverita duplicata, Cardium magnum,

G. isocardia, Lucina tlgerina, L. dioaricata, L. pennsylvanica,

Oliua literata, Venus crib rarea, V. cancellata,' Geritliium liter-

atuin, G. muscarum, C. minimum, G. ftoridanum, Neritina vir-

ginia and Nassa mbe.x. In the shoal waters around the outside of

the flats, on the open bottoms and among the grasses, we waded around,

using the water glass by resting.it on the surface of the water, looking

through it. We could then see the bottom and everything on it as

plainly as though there was no water above it. There we found

Strombus gigas, S.pugilig, berculatus and S. accipitrinus

by the hundreds and in all stages of growth, Fasciolaria distans,

Area ponderoxa, Atrina rigida (" Pinna muricata"), Dolium galea

and Pllcatula ramosa in limited numbers, and one each of Fulgur

peruerxum and Fasciolaria yigantea, each one ten inches in length

At the old inlet, in the shoal waters, I found a great many Itulla

occidentaUs, Venus macrodon, Macoma iampaensis, Modiola pli-

cat.ula, Liocardium mortoni and Mar.gmella apicina. On the

rocks at the mouth of the inlet we collected several hundred Purpura

hcemastoma and P. hsemastoma var. undata, while everywhere the

rocks were literally covered with Siphonaria lineolata and Littorina

lineata Orb.; but, as I already had all I wanted of these last, I did

not molest them.

I do not know how many shells I would have collected during my

stay there, but Mrs. White put up a vigorous protest, declaring I had

more than I needed; and, of course, I had to respect her wishes, and

stopped. I, however, came home with a large trunk full of very fine

specimens. By this time, however,! have disposed of the greater part of

them, showing that her judgment about the number of shells needed is

not to be relied on. I believe, as the Means did in " The Hoosier

Schoolmaster," "While you are a gittin', git a plenty." Acting on

that advice, while collecting Ampullaria caliginosa and Planorbis

trivolvis, in the fresh water ponds back of Rockledge, I gathered at

least half a bushel of the large Ampullaria and hundreds of the Plan -

orbt's.

144 THE NAUTILUS.

GENERAL NOTES.

THE DENTATE VARIETY OF C^u'ilns was first noticed by William

Doherty in the Quarterly Journal of Conchology (Leeds), I, p. 344, in

1870. He found it at several points near Cincinnati, Ohio, describ-

ing the shell as follows: "The 'teeth ' are placed as in Z. multiden-

tatus Binn., and vary from one slight shapeless roughening of the

inner surface of the outer whorl, to four large elongate teeth, radiat-

ing from the umbilicus like the spokes of a chariot wheel. As is

usual with gastrodont snails, these teeth attain their greatest de-

velopment in the half-grown shell. From the chief locality of this

variety I obtained 39 young fulviis, of which 18 or nearly half

were more or less dentate, while of 17 adult fulvus from the same

place, one had in the next to the last whorl a single tooth, much

flattened and eroded, while all the others were toothless. Hence I

suppose that the teeth are gradually worn away by the motions of

the animal. In Z. multidentatus, rows of teeth appear at an early

age, and as often as the shell grows a quarter of a whorl a new row

i ] reduced, while the earliest is worn away. So the shell grows to

maturity, always having three or four rows of denticles. In this

variety oi fulvus, however, this process seems to cease long before

the shell reaches maturity and the last whorl is thus left without

teeth."

POLVGVRA RICHARDSONI var. LiNGUALis n. var. — Similar to the

type in ^ize (alt. 5-5/2, di.nn. 10-11*4 mm.), very smooth and

glossy, depressed above and below, though the base is convex, pro-

jecting downward as far as or below the basal lip ; umbilicus filled

by the preceding whorl <-xcept for a minute axial puncture ; parietal

fold of the aperture decidedly longer than in richardsoni, extend-

ing to within one-half or one-third of a millimeter from the broad

lamina on the o Jter lip. Whorls +yz (instead of 5). Rosario,

near Mazatlan, N. W. Mexico, collected by M. A. Knapp, received

from W. J. Raymond. — H. A. PILSBRY.

PLANORBIS IJILATATUS Gould has recently been found by Hori'. J.

D. Mitchell in the Guadalupe river, in Victoria Co., Texas. This

is further south and west than previously recorded.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

1 \ / i

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

"$*&&&

EDITOR:

H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XII.

MAY, 1898.

No. 1

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

NOTES ON SOME LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS FROM SUMATRA, WITH

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. By T. H. Aldrich. ... 1

ON A NEW SPECIES OF Fusus FROM CALIFORNIA. By Wm. H. Ball. . 4

NEW UNIONID^. By Berlin H. Wright. 5

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT. 6

GENERAL NOPES 9

RECENT PUBLICATIONS. ... 10

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

11 THE NAUTILUS.

A New Catalogue of North American

Land Shells

A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS

from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic

distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and

classification of all species known to

inhabit America north of

Mexico.

35 pages, m paper cover. PRICE 25 CTS.

COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS,

Vols. IV to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Vol.

NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each

month.

Address, C. VV. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Land, fresh water and marine shells, (many

rare species offered) for species not in my collection. List first.

C. F. ANCEY, administrates — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

OFFERED : — Land, fresh-water and marine shells, many desir-

able species. Also a few Couchological books.

A. A. HINKLEY, Dti Bois, 111.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land

and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first.

A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to

MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

OFFERED : — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water shells of

France. WANTED : — Tertiary and recent shells of North America.

ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France.

THE NAUTILUS.

Ill

The Chambered Nautilus.

NAUTILUS POMPILIUS, Linn. Western Polynesia.

Specimens in alcohol of this rare animal, with shell bisected,

mounted in glass jar, as shown above, $12.00

Sent moist without jar 10.00

Non-bisected 1000

Non- bisected, without jar 8.00

Small-sized, $3.00 less than above.

Write for special cifcnlftr to

imam's natural Science Establishment,

18 to 28 COLLEGE AYE., ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Watch this page for notice of publication of our new Shell Catalogue.

IV

THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OP CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is & fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more >

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of •which

seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been

published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series,

" Guide to the Study of Helices " will be sold separately at the regular subscription

price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or

Check list can also be had at Si.oo each.

The Monography of the Bulitni has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh

volumes.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) $8.00 per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO \V. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price $6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and

H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth £3.00, paper $2.50.

ShellsMarine Curios, &c.

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

CONCHOLOGY.

G. B. SOWERBY and HUGH FULTON have the pleasure of inform-

ing their clients that they have joined in partnership linking their rich

and exteiisive stocks of shells thereby bringing together an assortment

unique in its vastness.

Amateurs and Museums either forming collections of Mollusca or

desiring to add thereto, can by applying to the above, receive selections

on approval at moderate prices.

Collections Purchased. Exchanges made for species not in stock.

SOWERBY & FULTON,

121 I I III X >l ROAD, LONDON, S. W., ENGLAND.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS-,

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. PILSBRV, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XII.

JUNE, 1898.

No. 2

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

A LIST OF LAND AND FRESH WATER SHELLS OF ENGANIO WITH DESCRIP-

TIONS OF NEW SPECIES. By John B. Henderson, Jr. . . 13

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENITAL ORGANS OF UNIONID^E, WITH

REFERENCE TO CLASSIFICATION By Dr. V. Sterki. . . .18

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW HELIX. By C. F. Ancey 21

NOTICES OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS.

By Henry A. Pilsbry 22

NOTES AND NEWS. . . 23

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

11 THE NAUTILUS.

A New Catalogue of North American

Land Shells

A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS

from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic

distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and

classification of all species known to

inhabit America north of

Mexico.

35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE 25 CTS.

COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS,

Vols. IT to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Yol.

NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each

month.

Address, C. W. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Many desirable land, fresh water and marine

shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection.

List first.

C. F. ANCEY, admiuistrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land

and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first.

A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to

MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jacksou Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

OFFERED : — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water shells of

France. WANTED : — Tertiary and recent shells of North America.

ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France.

FOR EXCHANGE: — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive

mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtiuaw Ave., Chicago, 111.

THE NAUTILUS.

Ill

The Nautilus is Not the Only

Mollusc which we can furnish

IN ALCOHOL.

LET us call your attention to a few other forms of great interest to

the malacologically minded, most of which are typical of groups

of molluscs that form no shell or so small a shell that it is very

desirable to have them represented in a cabinet by the entire animal. All

the following are preparations of a high order,

preserved according to modern methods, and

many are objects of considerable beauty.

Among Cephalopods, several species of

Octopus, from Australia, the Mediterranean, etc.;

also Eledone, Scaeurgus and Parasira. Argon-

auta, the female in the "shell," and the male

showing various stages of hectocotylization,

singly or in series. Loligo and Ommatostrephes,

several species ; also the curious Sepiola, ( see

figure) and other caltnars. Sepia, several species.

(We have also fine cuttle-bones of the gigantic

Sepia hercules, from Torres Straits). Nautilus,

as previously advertised.

Numerous forms of Pteropoda, including

the beautiful Cymbulia and Tiedemannia, the odd Creseis, etc.

Fulgur, Buccinum, Cyprsea, Dolabella, Umbraculum, etc., among

shelled Gasteropods ; Firola and Carinaria, .^olis, Phyllirrhoe, Doris,

and other interesting Heteropods and Nudibranchs ; Limax, Testacella,

and other slugs.

Teredo, Macha, and Pecten among bivalves.

WRITE FOR CIRCULARS AND PRICES.

Watch this space for notice of publication of our

new and enlarged illustrated Catalogue

of Mollusca, now in press.

Write for illustrated circular of the Beecher

Brachipod Models, showing arm supports, hinge

structure, etc., used in the classification of this

group. Also list of American fossil brachiopods.

Mini's natural science Esiami

18 to 28 COLLEGE ATE., ROCHESTER, N. Y.

IV THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more )

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress: the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been

published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series,

" Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular subscription

price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or

Check list can also be had at $1.00 each.

The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh

volumes.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) $8.00 per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price $6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and

H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth 53.00, paper $2.50.

Shells, Marine Curios, &c.

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

CONCHOLOCY.

G. B. SOWERBY and HUGH FULTON have the pleasure of inform-

ing their clients that they have joined in partnership uniting their rich

and extensive stocks of shells thereby bringing together an assortment

unique in its vastness.

Amateurs and Museums either forming collections of Mollusca or

desiring to add thereto, can by applying to the above, receive selections

on approval at moderate prices.

Collections Purchased. Exchanges made for species not in stock.

SOWERBY 6. FULTON,

121 I II. II V M ROAD, LONDON, S. W., ENGLAND.

UNITED STATES LAND SHELLS WANTED.

in order to complete my collection of U. S. land shells I will

purchase or exchange. Send for list of desiderata and exchange

list. Specimens must be first-class and carefully cleaned. Pilsbry's

new " Classified Catalogue " used as check- list.

GEO. H. CLAPP, 325 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Sect ion, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XII.

JULY, 1898.

No. 3

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

A NEW JAMAICAN LAND SHELL. By J. B. Henderson, Jr. (Illustrated). 25

LAND SHELLS OF GUN CAY, BAHAMAS. By Henry A. Pilsbry. ( Illustrated). 26

A NEW SPECIES OF CERES FROM MEXICO. By W. H. Ball. . . 27

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENITAL ORGANS OF UNIONID^J, WITH

REFERENCE TO CLASSIFICATION. By Br. V. Sterki. (Concluded). 28

A NEW UNIO. By Berlin H. Wright. 32

RECENT PUBLICATIONS. . . . . . . 33

GENERAL NOTES. . 36

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

11 THE NAUTILUS.

A New Catalogue of North American

Land Shells

A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS

from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic

distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and

classification of all species known to

inhabit America north of

Mexico.

35 pages, in paper coyer. PRICE 25 CTS.

COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS,

Vols. IT to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Tol.

NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each

month.

Address, C. W. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Many desirable land, fresh water and marine

shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection.

List first.

C. F. ANCEY, admiuistrateur— adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land

and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first.

A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to

MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

OFFERED : — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water shells of

France. WANTED ; — Tertiary and recent shells of North America.

ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France.

FOR EXCHANGE : — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive

mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111.

THE NAUTILUS.

Ill

NOW READY

New Shell Catalogue,

172 Pages.

2O5 Illustrations.

TO those who are familiar with the previous editions of our ' ' Catalogue

o/Mollusca, ' it is sufficient to say that the one just completed retains

the general plan and all the best features of the preceding, but greatly

surpasses it in size, in convenience of arrangements, and in the copious-

ness and artistic character of its illustrations.

But to all who are lovers and students of Natural History we can say

that while this catalogue represents the immense series of shells which

we carry in stock and the current prices for them, it is far from being a

mere price-list. In its one hundred and fifty-six pages (exclusive of

index, etc. ) is to be found a mass of valuable, reliable, and up-to-date

information that no text-book of Conchology affords. Extensive des-

criptions of the larger groups of Mollusca, and condensed but ample

descriptions of families, orders, and suborders, carefully revised and in

accordance with established classifications, make it a valuable book of

reference. The alphabetical arrangement of the species under each

genus, the concise method of indicating their subgeneric and sectional

affinities, the systematic sequence of families and genera, and above all

the completeness of our stock represented therein, fit it for a convenient

check-list and guide in arranging collections. Interesting notes and

remarks liberally interspersed, relieve from monotony ; and the hand-

some and accurate illustrations which ornament each page, give beauty

and finish, as well as aid the amateur. The Index contains the English

meanings of over 1100 difficult Greek and Latin compounds, — the names

of the genera and subgenera listed in the catalogue.

The price is 40 cents post-paid.

WRITE FOR CIRCULARS, ETC.

Ward's natural Science Esiamisiunent.

18 to 28 COLLEGE ATE., ROCHESTER, N. Y.

IV THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OP CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated nionography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more }

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been

published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series,

" Guide to the Study of Helices " will be sold separately at the regular subscription

price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or

Check list can also be had at $1.00 each.

The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh

volumes.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices: — Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) SS.oo per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price $6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and

H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth $3.00, paper #2.50.

I am now ready to sup-

ply first.ciass stock at

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

CONCHOLOGY.

G. B. SOWERBY and HUGH FULTON have the pleasure of inform-

ing their clients that they have joined in partnership uniting their rich

and extensive stocks of shells thereby bringing together an assortment

unique -in its vastness.

Amateurs and Museums either forming collections of Mollusca or

desiring to add thereto, can by applying to the above, receive selections

on approval at moderate prices.

Collections Purchased. Exchanges made for species not in stock.

SOWERBY & FULTON,

121 FULHAM ROAD, LOXDON, S. W., ENGLAND.

UNITED STATES LAND SHELLS WANTED.

iu order to complete my collection of U. S. land shells I will

purchase or exchange. Send for list of desiderata and exchange

list. Specimens must be first-class and carefully cleaned. Pilsbry's

new " Classified Catalogue " used as check- list.

GEO. H. CLAPP, 325 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa,

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XII. AUGUST, 1898. No. 4

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

THE MOLLUSKS OF THE GREAT AFRICAN LAKES.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF MYLLITA. By W. H. Dall. . . .40

NOTE ON ISCHNOCHITON ONISCUS Krauss AND I. ELIZABETHENSIS Pilsbry.

By E. R. Sykes, B. A., F. Z. S. . . . 41

NOTES ON NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN AMNICOLJD.*;. By Henry A. Pilsbry. 4i'

A NEW SPECIES OF TEREBRA FROM TEXAS. By W. H. Dall. . . .44

GENERAL NOTES. . . . ... 45

RECENT PUBLICATIONS. 47

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. \V. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

11 THE NAUTILUS.

A New Catalogue of North American

Land Shells

A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS

from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic

distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and

classification of all species known to

inhabit America north of

Mexico.

35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE 25 CTS.

COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS,

Tols. IT to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Tol.

NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each

month.

Address, C. W. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Many desirable land, fresh water and marine

shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection.

List first.

C. F. ANCEY, administrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land

and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first.

A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to

MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

OFFERED: — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water

France. WANTED : — Tertiary and recent shells of North America.

ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France.

FOR EXCHANGE: — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive

mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111.

THE NAUTILUS.

Ill

Recent Acquisitions.

Since the publication of our new Catalogue of Mollusca, an-

nounced in the July issue, we have acquired a series of

Rare and Beautiful Shells,

many of which are not in the regular catalogues. They have been

culled from the well-known collection of a deceased French Con-

chologist, and include some unique shells. Among them, we call

attention to Strombus go lint h (a magnifi-

cent specimen), Strombus thersites, Murex

trifariospinosa, Triton tigrinus, Bucci-

nopsis canaliculatiis, Dall, Northia serrata,

Valuta junonia, V.kingi, V- mamilla, etc.,

Mitra terebralis, Harpa crenata, Conus

fiorldanns, Halia priamus, Cerithium Iceve,

Turbo splendid ulus with authentic local-

ity, etc.

The collection is especially strong in

the families; Muricidcc, Ollvidce, Conidce,

Strom bidce, Cypneidce Turbinidce and

Trochidtc, Fissurellidce, Patellidie, and

the Chitons; and among bivalves there

are fine series of Tellina, Venus, Cytherea, Pecten, Spondylus, and

Brachiopoda.

Price lists of species not in our regular slock will be sent to

collectors upon application, but, since many of the more desi rattle

species are represented by single specimens only, specialists desiring

to fill out their suites would do well to write to us at once naming

their chief desiderata.

The demand for the new CATALOGUE OF MOLLUSCA ( 170 pages, 200 illu-

strations ) shows that it has met the approval of the public. It is

sent to any address for 10 cents, post-paid.

WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULAR.

Ward's Natural Science Establishment,

18 to 28 COLLEGE AVE., ROCHESTER, N. Y.

IV THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. \V. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, bv Henrv A

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is aftilly illustrated monography of recent raollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more )

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been

published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series

" Guide to the Study of Helices " will be sold separately at the regular subscription

price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or

Check list can also be had at Ji.oo each.

The Monography of the Buliini has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh

volumes.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) 58. oo per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price $6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual

addiess :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and

H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth $3.00, paper $2.50.

Shells, Marine Curios, &c.

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

_ J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

Tie Largest and Fines) Stock of SKeiis iq me Worm.

Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton

Invite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca

which contain thousands of species representing nearly all

the genera.

To Curators of American Museums.

We invite you to apply for estimate for any collections of

Mollusca you may be wanting, we can supply such at lowest

cost.

Exchange or Purchase for Species not in Stock.

Special Offer, 25 Species of Pteropoda post free $5.00.

SOWERBY 4. FULTON,

121 I I I. II V >l ROAD, I OM»ON. S. W., ENGLAND.

UNITED STATES LAND SHELLS WANTED.

lu order to complete my collection of U. S. land shells I will

purchase or exchange. Send for list of desiderata and exchange

list. Specimens must be first-class and carefully cleaned. Pilsbry's

new " Classified Catalogue " used as check-list.

GEO. H. CLAPP, 325 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. PILSBRV, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

.

Vol. XII.

SEPTEMBER, 1898.

No. 5

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

. 49

50

BIFIDARIA ASHMUNI, A NEW SPECIES OF PUPID/E. By Dr. V. Sterki.

NOTES ON A FEW CHITONS. By H. A. Pilsbry

LIST OF MARINE SHELLS COLLECTED AT PORT GUEYDON, KABYLIA,

WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CYCLOSTREMA. By C. F. Ancey. . 52

NOTES ON THE GENUS ODONTOSTOMUS. By Henry A. Pilsbry. . . .57

POSTAGE ON NATURAL HISTORY SPECIMENS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. . 58

GENERAL NOTES. ........... 59

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. . 60

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

11 THE NAUTILUS.

A New Catalogue of North American

Land Shells

A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS

from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic

distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and

classification of all species known to

inhabit America north of

Mexico.

35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE 25 CTS.

COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS,

Yols. IT to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Tol.

NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each

month.

Address, C. W. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Many desirable land, fresh water and marine

shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection.

List first.

C. F. ANCEY, administrates- — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land

and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first.

A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to

MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

OFFERED: — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water shells pf

France. WANTED ; — Tertiary and recent shells of North America.

ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France.

FOR EXCHANGE : — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive

mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111.

THE NAUTILUS.

Ill

NOW READY

Our New Shell Catalogue,

Pages.

2O5 Illustrations.

TO those who are familiar with the previous editions of our "Catalogue

ofMolhtsca, ' it is sufficient to say that the one just completed retains

the general plan and all the best features of the preceding, but greatly

surpasses it in size, in convenience of arrangements, and in the copious-

ness and artistic character of its illustrations.

But to all who are lovers and students of Natural History we can say

that while this catalogue represents the immense series of shells which

we carry in stock and the current prices for them, it is far from being a

mere price-list. In its one hundred and fifty-six pages (exclusive of

index, etc. ) is to be found a mass of valuable, reliable, and up-to-date

information that no text-book of Conchology affords. Extensive des-

criptions of the larger groups of Mollusca, and condensed but ample

descriptions of families, orders, and suborders, carefully revised and in

accordance with established classifications, make it a valuable book of

reference. The alphabetical arrangement of the species under each

genus, the concise method of indicating their subgeneric and sectional

affinities, the systematic sequence of families and genera, and above all

the completeness of our stock represented therein, fit it for a convenient

check-list and guide in arranging collections. Interesting notes and

remarks liberally interspersed, relieve from monotony ; and the hand-

some and accurate illustrations which ornament each page, give beauty

and finish, as well as aid the amateur. The Index contains the English

meanings of over 1100 difficult Greek and Latin compounds, — the names

of the genera and subgenera listed in the catalogue.

The price is 40 cents post-paid.

WRITE FOR CIRCULARS, ETC.

Ward's natural Science Esiamismneni.

18 to 28 COLLEGE AYE., ROCHESTER, N. Y.

THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is & fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more >

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been

published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series,

"Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular subscription

price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or

Check list can also be had at $1.00 each.

The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation, and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition $5.00 per part.

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) SS.oo per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price $6.00.

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and

H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth $3.00, paper $2.50.

I am now ready to sup-

ply firstciass stock at

low prices and should you wish anything from this section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

aulFiiiest siocR ot sneiis in He worm.

Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton

Invite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca

which contain thousands of species representing nearly all

the genera.

To Curators of American Museums.

We invite you to apply for estimate for any collections of

Mollusca you may be wanting, we can supply such at lowest

cost.

Exchange or Purchase for Species not in Stock.

Special Offer, 25 Species of Pteropoda post free $5.00.

SOWERBY &. FULTON,

121 FUJLH AM ROAI>, LONDON, S. W., ENGLAND.

UNITED STATES LAND SHELLS WANTED.

in order to complete my collection of U. S. land shells I will

purchase or exchange. Send for list of desiderata and exchange

list. Specimens must be first-class and carefully cleaned. Pilsbry's

new " Classified Catalogue" used as check-list.

GEO. H. CLAPP, 325 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A . PILSERY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XII.

OCTOBER, 1898.

No. 6

CONTENTS :

WILLIAM HENRY DECAMP. By Bryant Walker. .

A DAY ON THE CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL. By Frank C. Baker. .

A NEW SPH^RIUM.. By F. C. Baker

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF OLIVELLA. By John Ford.

AN INTERROGATION IN REGARD TO SEPTIFER BIFURCATUS RVE. , AND

MYTILUS BIFURCATUS CONR. By Mrs. M. Bui ton Williamson.

NOTE ON SEPTIFER BIFURCATUS CONRAD. By H. A. Pilsbry and W. J.

Raymoml. ...........

NOTES AND NEWS ....

NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

PAGE.

. 61

. 63

. 65

66

67

69

71

72

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

THE NAUTILUS.

A New Catalogue of North American

Land Shells

A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS

from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic

distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and

classification of all species known to

inhabit America north of

Mexico.

35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE 25 CTS.

COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS,

Vols. IT to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Yol.

NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES.

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each

month.

Address, C. VV. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Many desirable land, fresh water and marine

shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection.

List first.

C. F. ANCEY, admiuistrateur — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Austrian shells; also various marine, land

and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first.

A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to

MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

OFFERED : — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water shells of

France. WANTED : — Tertiary and recent shells of North America.

ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France,.

FOR EXCHANGE: — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive

mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111.

FOR DISPOSAL : — A large collection of marine, fresh-water and

laud shells (many rare from India, Ceylon, New Guinea and Philp-

pines, etc.). Wanted rare land or offers.

Miss LINTER, Saville House, Twickenham, England.

THE NAUTILUS. Ill

A WORD TO NEW COLLECTORS.

A gentleman who has recently interested himself in

the study of shells and has commenced to form a collec-

tion, desires some suggestions as to the best course in

purchasing shells. Doubtless many others are asking the

same question, and a few general hints to the readers of

THE NAUTILUS may not be out of place. First, last, and

always, buy only from a reliable dealer. Nothing is more

important to the collector whose library or experience is

limited than the accuracy of the labels accompanying his

specimens. A misnamed or carelessly named shell is a

positive nuisance in a cabinet. Second only to the identi-

fication comes the quality of the specimen. Last of all is

the price. It is far better to be sure of authentic and first-

class shells than to run risks with "cheap" tradesmen.

And the rarer species may invariably be obtained of the

reliable dealer at much more reasonable prices, without

the danger of fraud. Only the expert conchologist can

safely buy from the so-called "shell-dealers." The less

experienced should avoid all risk of error or fraud by

making their purchases at Ward's Natural Science Estab-

lishment, Rochester, N. Y., the largest and most reliable

dealers in America.

IV THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOQY.

Founded by the late Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Con-

chological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia bv Henrv A

Pilsbry, Conservator.

The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises 64 (or more \

pages of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by its illustrious

founder. Of the SKCOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs, Ten Volumes have been

published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series

"Guide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular subscription

price. Separate copies of the Index, suitable for the purposes of a Catalogue or

Check list can also be had at $1.00 each.

The Monography of the Bulimi has been commenced in the tenth and eleventh

volumes.

The illustrations of the Manual have received high commendation and are fully

equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices :— Plain (uncolored) edition $3.00 per part. Colored edition ^500 per part

Fine edition (both colored and India-tinted plates) SS.oo per part.

Structural and Systematic Conchology, by GEO W. TRYON, Jr.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT BOOK of 1200 pages, 140 plates and over 3500

figures of Genera, Anatomy, etc. Three volumes bound in one Cloth. Price ^6 oo

For further information or descriptive circular, with sample plates of Manual

address :

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

P. 0. Address, GLEN RIDGE, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A.

An Illustrated CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLUSKS, by F. Stearns and

H. A. Pilsbry. Cloth £3.00, paper $2.50.

Shells, Marine Curios, &c.

low prices and should you wish anything from this" section, let me hear

from you. All inquiries will have a prompt reply.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

Tie largest and Finest Sjocj uiTftiislfj Two!

Messrs. Sowerby & Fulton

Invite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca

which contain thousands of species representing nearly all

the genera.

To Curators of American Museums.

We invite you to apply for estimate for any collections of

Mollusca you may be wanting. We can supply such at lowest

cost.

Exchange or Purchase for Species not in Stock.

Special Offer, 25 Species of Pteropoda post free $5.00.

SOWERBY & FULTON,

121 I I 1,11 \ II 1(0 \ It, l.o Mtov S. W., ENGL.AND.

UNITED STATES LAND SHELLS WANTED.

in order to complete my collection of U. S. land shells I will

purchase or exchange. Send for list of desiderata and exchange

list. Specimens must be first-class and carefully cleaned. Pilsbry's

new " Classified Catalogue " used as check-list.

GEO. H. CLAPP, 325 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa.

$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.

THE

NAUTILUS

A MONTHLY

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

EDITOR:

H. A. PILSBRY, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

/^ '^•'W^*' 't*

(LIBRARY

. \ /

L. v i* n ~.* . S

Vol. XII.

NOVEMBER, 1898.

No. 7

CONTENTS:

PAGE.

SHELL COLLECTING AT Mr. DESERT, MAINE. By John B. Henderson, Jr. 73

A NEW POLYGYRA FROM NEW MEXICO. By W. H. Ball. . . 75

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW AMPULLARIA FROM FLORIDA. By Wm. H. Dall. 75

NEW POLYGYRAS FROM WHITE MOUNTAIN, NEW MEXICO.

By T. D. A. Cockerell. 76

NEW PISIDIA. By Dr. V. Sterki 77

HALIOTIS CRACHERODII VAR. CALIFORNIENSIS SWAINSON.

By H. A. Pilsbry. 79

C. E. BEDDOME. By S. Raymond Roberts 80

GENERAL NOTES .80

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. ....... 81

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

11 THE NAUTILUS.

A New Catalogue of North American

Land Shells

A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS

from August, 1897 to April, 1898. Giving the geographic

distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties and

classification of all species known to

inhabit America north of

Mexico.

35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE 25 CTS.

COMPLETE VOLUMES OF THE NAUTILUS,

Vols. IV to XI inclusive, $1.00 per Vol.

NAUTILUS ADVERTISING RATES

Advertisements will be inserted at the rate of $1.OO per

inch for each insertion in advance. Smaller space in propor-

tion. A discount of 25 per cent, will be made on insertions of

six months or longer. In order to have the paper out promptly,

" copy " is put in the printer's hands on the 2Oth of each

month.

Address, C. W. JOHNSON,

WAGNER FREE INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, Pa.

EXCHANGES,

The following space is to be given to exchanges. Notices not

exceeding three lines, will be free to subscribers as long as our

limit of space will allow.

FOR EXCHANGE: — Many desirable land, fresh water and marine

shells, especially from N. Africa, for species not in my collection.

List first.

C. F. ANCEY, administrates — adjoint, Dra-el Mizan, Algeria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Austrian shells ; also various marine, land

and fresh water shells, for species not in my collection. List first.

A. OBERWIMMER, Med. Ill, Haupt St. 97, Vienna, Austria.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Cyprceas for Cyprceas, send list to

MRS. S. L. WILLIAMS, 593 Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111.

OFFERED : — Tertiary and recent land and fresh-water shells of

France. WANTED : — Tertiary and recent shells of North America.

ANDRE BONNET, 55 Boulevard St., Michel, Paris, France.

FOR EXCHANGE: — U. S. and foreign shells, send list and receive

mine. TH. JANSON, 1365 N. Washtinaw Ave., Chicago, 111.

FOR DISPOSAL : — A large collection of marine, fresh-water and

land shells (many rare from India, Ceylon, New Guinea and Philp-

pines, etc.). Wanted rare land or offers.

Miss LINTER, Saville House, Twickenham, England.

FOR EXCHANGE : — Marine, Fresh-water and Land Shells.

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The Manual of Conchology is a fully illustrated monography of recent mollusks.

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Two series are now in progress : the FIRST SERIES, Marine Univalves, of which

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EDITED BY

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Vol. XII.

DECEMBER, 1898.

No. 8.

CONTENTS:

PAGE

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN ZONI-

TID^; AND ENDODONTID^:. By Henry A. Pilsbry, . . .85

ANODONTA IMBECILLIS, HERMAPHRODITIC. By Dr. V. Sterki, . 87

SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, AS A COLLECTING GROUND. By F. W. Kelsey, 88

NEW SPECIES OF BIFIDARIA. By Dr. V. Sterki, . . 90

NOTE ON THE GENERIC NAMES OF Two GROUPS OF ACHATINID/E.

By C. F. Ancey, 92

A NEW UNIO FROM TEXAS. By Berlin H. Wright, . . 93

RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED, . . 93

NOTES AND NEWS, . . 95

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad'a.

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THE MANUAL OF CONCHOLOGY.

Founded by the late lieo. W. Tryon, Jr., continued under the care of the Concho-

logical Section,. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A. Pilsbiv,

Conservator.

The Manual of Coiicliology is Aj'ullii illustrated monograph y of recent mollusks.

Issued in octavo form, in quarterly parts. Each part comprises M lor more) pages

of letterpress, and 15 to 20 plates.

Two series are now in progress: the FIKST SEUIES, Marine Univalves, of which

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founder. Of the SECOND SERIES, Terrestrial Molluscs. Ten Volumes have been pub-

lished, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of this series, " Guide

to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular subscription price.

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ASSOCIATE ED1TOK:

i . \Y. JOHNSON, Cvmitor of the \Vajrner Free Institntc <>!' Science.

Vol. XII.

JANUARY, 1899.

No. 9.

CONTKNTS:

PAGE.

(JOLLECTIXG IN THE GREAT SMOKIES. By Jaillt'S II. Fei'lMSS. ... !l7

NEW AMERICAN- LAND SHELLS. By Henry A. Pilsbry 101

IN MEMOIUAM — H. CROSS E. By A. H. Cooke 104

A NEW VARIETY OF UALIOTIS. By Robert E. C. Stearns l<><;

( i ENERAL NOTES 107

HECEIVED. . los

Published by

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( . W. JOHNSON. M:iiiasiiT. Wii-iiier Ki-L-L- I nstitiiU' of Science. I liiladolpliin.

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METRIDIUM MARGINATUM : Sen Anemone.

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IV THE NAUTILUS.

THE MANUAL OF CQNCHOLOGY.

I 'Minded l>\ | la- late < ieo. \\". Try on. Jr.. continued under tlie care of the Con-

chologica] Section. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Henry A.

Pilsbry,< !onservator.

The .Manual of ('oiicliology is a ttill\ illii.^tra/i'd monouraphy of recent mol-

lii^ks. [ssued iii octavo form, in <|ii;>.rterl v parts. Kadi part coiai)rises (Hior

more) paires of letterpress, and !."> to -JO plates.

Two scries ;>re now in proinvs< : the FIKST SKUI i-:s. Marine Univalves, of

which seventeen volumes have appeared, finishing the series as planned by the

illustrious founder. ( ifthe SKCONM SKI: i KS, Terrestrial Mollusks, Ten Volumes

have been published, completing Helix with index. A few copies of Vol. IX of

t his series. •• ( iuide to the Study of Helices" will be sold separately at the regular

subscription price. Separate copies of the [ndex, suitable for the purpose of a

< atalogne or < 'heck list, can also be had at -1.IMI each

The Monography of the Bull mi hi' - been commenced in the tenth and eleven I h

\ olnmes.

The illustrations of the .Manual h;:ve received hiuh commendation, and are

fully equal to the best figures of shells published.

Prices:— Plain umcoloredi edition, s:>.0d per part. Colored edition, s~>.(Xl per

part. Fine edition i both colored and India-tinted plates i. sx.oo per part.

Structural a ori Systematic t'onoliolo».v, by (ii-:o. W. TRYON, JR.

A COMPLETE CONCHOLOGICAL TEXT-BOOK of 1,200 pages, 140 plates, and over

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na I. add res,.;.

S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, Treasurer,

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An illiisiniic.l CATALOGUE OF JAPANESE MARINE MOLLU^KS, by !•'.

Stearns and II. A. Pilsbry. Cloth. s'!.(KI; pa]>er, *•>.'•*).

MESSRS. SOWERBY & FULTON

[nvite collectors to write for their new lists of Mollusca. which contain thou-

sands of species, representing neai-l.x- all the genera.

To Curators of American Museums.

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SPECIAL OFFERS-16 Species of Pretty Philippine Tree Snails, post free,

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f-o-%. \\ *

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"•*-'* >X<S>

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EDITOR:

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Philadelphia.

ASSOCIATE EDITOR :

C. W. JOHNSON, Curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science.

Vol. XII. FEBRUARY, 1899. No. 10

CONTENTS:

PGA K.

COLLECTING SHELLS IN THE KLONDIKE COUNTRY. By P. B.

Randolph ................................................ Kin

UROSALPINX CINEREUS IN SAN FRANCISCO BAY. By Robert E.

C. Stearns ................................................ 112

POTAMOLITHUS JACUHYENSis, N. SP. By H. A. Pilsbrv ........ li:>

REMARKS ON THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF CONULUS By Henry A.

Pilsbry ................................................ 113

SOME STUDIES ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE CTCLADID^E. By

Dr. V. Sterki ........................... 117

GENERAL NOTES ................................................ llli

Published by

H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat, .Sciences, Philadelphia.

C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science. Philadelphia.

Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.

THE NAUTILUS.

A New Catalogue of North American

Land Shells-

A revised reprint of the Catalogue published in THE NAUTILUS

from August, 1897, to April, 1898. Giving the geographic

distribution, most recent synonymy, varieties, and

classification of all species known to inhabit

America north of Mexico

35 pages, in paper cover. PRICE, 25 Cts.

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