THE
NAUTILU
A QUARTERLY JOURNAL
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS
OF CONCHOLOGISTS
VOL. XL
JULY, 1926, to APRIL, 1927
EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS
HENRY A. PILSBRY
Curator of the Department of Mollusca, Academy of Natural Sciences
Philadelphia
CHARLES W. JOHNSON
Curator of the Boston Society of Natural History
Boston
CONTENTS
OF
THE NAUTILUS, XL.
PAGE
Acanthinula aculeata 31
Achatina bandeirana 102
Aehatina fulica, a pest in Ceylon 33
Achatina rucifex (Capello & Ivens) 102
Aemaea aleutica Dall, a new name for 101
Aloidis Miihifeid 43
Anodonta cataraeta on Long Island 91
Arcliicypr^a 18
Auris aurissciuri, a new subspecies of 131
Bicorbula Fischer 46
Bithynia tentaculata 69, 100
Bothrocorbiila Gabb 47
Bulinus, a new subgenus and species of 121
Cgestocorbula Vincent 44
Califomian land snails, exact localities of 124
Caryocorbula Gardner, new subgenus 46
Cerion johnsoni P. & V 74, 89
Cerion marieliniun Torre (pi. 1, fig. 10) 74, 88
Cerion salvatori Torre (pi. 1, figs. 11, 12) 74, 89
Conchologieal note from the Hawaiian Islands 80
Corbula, superspecific groups in the Lower Miocene of
Florida 41
Correspondence from Florida 100
Correspondence from Mexico 63
Crepidula fomicata at Nantucket, Mass 68
Crepidula fornicata, is the American slipper limpet an
oyster pest ? 102
Cuba, seeking land shells in 37
Cuba, land shells collected in 88
Cuneocorbula Cossman 44
€ylindrella. Type of 69
(iii)
^7
^VoZ
IV THE NAUTILUS.
Cypraea, three new varieties of 126
Cypraea, notes on 129
Cyrenastrum 29
Daudebardiella = Horatia 68
Dentalium boggsi Berry, n. sp. (figs. 1, 2) 19
Dentaliuni from the eocene of Peru 19
Dentalium inornatum = demersum 142
Dentalium intercalatum = wadei 142
Dentalium samanicuni Berry, n. sp. (figs. 3, 4) 19
Dist«ctria Harris & Burrows, Types of 69
Donax bitinctus Reeve 53
Donax conradi Deshayes, note on 52
Donax eontusus Reeve 52
Donax vellicatus Reeve 53
Eocypr£ea adamsonii Sowb., radula of 17
Euconulus fulvus again 68
Eupera singleyi Pils 30
Ferriss, James H. (obituary) 1
Fidelis Risso 33
Goniobasis cariuifera Lam 10
Goniobasis laqueata Say 9
Goniobasis nassula Conr 11
Guppya sterki Dall in New Jersey 47
Hawaiian Islands, foreign shells imported into 133
Hedley, Charles (obituary) 94
Helisoma antrosa ealini Baker, n. var 85
Helisoma antrosa from Wisconsin and Minnesota 85
Helisoma antrosa minnesotensis Baker, n. var 86
Helisoma antrosa shellensis Baker, n. var 86
Helix nemoralis in Massachusetts 93
Helix nucleata Turtou 31
Helix pomatia introduced into England 31
Helminthoglypta ayresiana sanctaecrucis Pils., n. subsp. . . 78
Hinnites giganteus Gray [not in Hawaii] 81
Horatia 68
Japanese shells introduced on oysters 32
Jordan, Eric Knight 33
Kentucky, some notes and list of shells of Rio 7
Labrador, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, mollusks of . . 21
Lampania eumingi Crosse 32
Land shells from around Foul Rift, Delaware River .... 47
Law, Annie E 132
Leuconia, Melampus and Truncatella 125
Littorina mandshurica Schrenck 32
Manual of Conchology, dates of publication of the parts . . 96
THE NAUTILUS. V
Melanoides tuberculata moussoni Clench, new name for
plieifera Mousson not Lea 101
Mollusea from White Lake, Oakland Co., Mich 49
MoUusca of Jasper Park, Alberta 53
Mollusks from Western Canada 56
Mollusk notes from the Northwest 75
Monadenia fidelis, a new Oregonian variety of 122
Musculium ryckholti Norm 29
Naiades of Long Island, notes on the 91
Nautilus, an index to the 99
Newfoundland, land and fresh- water shells of 112
Notes and News 30, 68, 99, 134
Opercula in shore deposits 69, 99
Oreohelix angelica P. & P 101
Oreohelix extremitatis P. & F 101
Oreohelix fortis Ckll., n. subsp 101
Oreohelix yavapai in the Grand Canyon 101
Ortmann, Arnold Edward 109
Pecten from the Loochoo Islands, a new 67
Pecten (Chlamys) smegmatus Dall, n. sp 67
Pisidium 26
Pisidium fossarinum Clessin 27
Pisidium subrotundum Sterki 28
Planorbis antrosus latchfordi Pils., n. subsp 79
Pleistocene land mollusks 114
Pleurocera brumbyi Lea 9
Pleurocera undulatum Say 9
Publications Eeceived 34, 71, 104
Purpura lapillus and imbricata 101
Rapana thomasi Crosse 32
Scalez petrolia, further notes on 12, 14, 69
Shells from Scott's Mt., Warren Co., N. J 48
Snail pest at Deniyay, Ceylon 33
Spartina Harris & Burrows, type of 69
Spaeriastrum Bgt 29
Sphaeridae Palearctic and Nearctic 26
Spheerium Scopoli 29
Stagnicola emarginata vilasensis Baker, n. var 82
Stagnicola from Wisconsin and Wyoming 82
Stagnicola palustris wyomingensis Baker, n. var 84
Streptostyla chiriquiana and S. viridula 130
Strepsidura contorta Aldr., n. n. for S. heilprinii 69
Strobilops £enea Pils., n. sp 69
Texas land and fresh- water shells 16
Thaumasia, type of 70
VI THE NAUTILUS.
Tritonalia japonica Dunker 32
Tnuicatella versus Acmea 32
Urocoptis dautzenbergiana Crosse (pi. 1, fig. 3) 74, 90
Urocoptis dautzenbergiana var. gemmata (pi. 1, fig. 7) . . 74
Urocoptis elliotti Poey (pi. 1, fig. 1) 73
Urocoptis liandi Torre, n. sp. (pi. 1, fig. 6) 74
Urocoptis lowei Torre, n. sp. (pi. 1, fig. 2) 74
Unio superiorensis Marsh 3
Verrill, Addison Emery 99, 110
Viviparus-like calcareous opercula 12
INDEX TO AUTHORS
Aldrich, T. H 69
Baker, F. C 49, 82, 85, 114
Baker, H. B 63
Berry, E. W 19
Berry, S. Stillman 122
Clapp, George H 131
Clench, W. J 7, 34, 65, 101, 105, 121
Cockerell, T. D. A 101
DaU, W. H 32, 67, 101, 134
Gardner, Julia 41
Grier, N. M 91
Hand, E. E 37, 88
Hanna, G. Dallas 14, 124
Henderson, Junius 75, 80, 134
Higgins, H. C 129
Johnson, C. W 21, 68, 71, 93, 104, 110, 139
Kendall, C. E. Y 99
Latchford, F. R 137
Lermond, N. W 100
Mozley, Alan 32, 53, 56
Orton, J. H 103
Pilsbry, H. A. . . .1, 31, 68, 69, 71, 73, 78, 102, 107, 125, 132,
136, 138
Schilder, F. A 17, 126
Sterki, V 26
Thaanum, D 133
Tomlin, J. R. Le B 52, 130
Vanatta, E. G 16, 47, 96, 112
Woodring, "Wendell P 12
JAMES H. FERRISS
About 1900
The Nautilus.
Vol. XL JULY, 1926. No. 1
JAMES H. FEBBISS
November 18, 1849-March 17, 1926
James H, Ferriss, the foremost of American land-shell col-
lectors, was born in Kendall Township, Kendall Co., Illinois.
His father, William H. Ferriss, was a native of New York State.
His mother, Eliza M. Brown, was born in Lowville, Erie Co.,
Pennsylvania. On the maternal side the family had long lived
in or near Erie, Pa., where his grandmother, Adeline Sloane,
was born in 1811.'
In the fifties and sixties educational facilities in rural Illinois
were not very good, and Ferriss' formal schooling did not go
beyond the high school stage. He had a taste for reading and
a retentive memory; in addition to these, he had a combination
of qualities rarely found together in so high a degree: an intense
interest in and sympathy for his fellow man, and a great love
of nature. He was equally at home and happy in the turmoil
of a hot campaign against the Joliet saloon and underworld
forces, and in a lonely desert camp. That Ferriss did not go
further in the more technical side of natural history was merely
because life is too short; when at home, the demands of a large
daily paper and innumerable details of park and other civic
affairs absorbed his time.
As a boy, Ferriss at first worked with his father in the busi-
^ I hope to receive further data regarding the Ferriss genealogy.
2 THE NAUTILUS.
ness of buying cattle for the Chicago market, but in 1869, at
the age of 19, decided to start out for himself, taking up a claim
in southeastern Kansas. Until 1872 he was by turns farmer,
freighter and storekeeper. It was the impression made at this
time of the evil effects of drink in a pioneer community which
made him a staunch advocate of temperance throughout his
life.
In 1872 Joliet had a great access of population due to the
establishment of steel mills. A "boom" was on. Tired of
frontier life, Ferriss returned, obtaining a position as reporter
on a Joliet paper. His knowledge of cattle and trade soon
made his "market page" a prominent feature. Two years
later he started a paper of his own at Yorkville, county seat of
Kendall Co., 111., but returned to Joliet in 1877 to take the
management of the Phoenix. A few months later, with H. E.
Baldwin and R. W. Nelson, he purchased the Joliet News.
There was scarcely any real money in the Middle West at this
time. The three young men, without capital or backing,
hardly knew from one day to the next where to get money to
issue the paper. One of Jim's fiery editorials offended a local
political boss, and the editors of the Netvs were Jailed. The
paper missed an issue, but release came the next day. The
News was in the right, and became popular over night. New
subscriptions and advertisements poured in, and the three pro-
prietors did not miss any more meals.
From this time Ferriss was continuously editor of the Neivs
except between 1880 and 1882, when he edited a Maine paper
backed by Neal Dow, the noted prohibitionist of those days.
Finding the conditions irksome, he returned to Joliet, where the
Neivs thereafter was conducted by him as editor and Baldwin as
business manager. In civic affairs the Neivs stood for the best
man, regardless of party, for better schools and a cleaner city.
It was the terror of grafters and saloon politicians. In National
affairs it supported the Populist party — an expression of the
dissatisfaction of the Middle West with existing conditions.
Loans contracted in the expansive years now had to be paid in
a contracted currency. It was the era of unfair railroad tariffs
and unrestricted monopolies. With the passing of these con-
THE NAUTILUS. 6
ditions the party dissolved. Ferriss was National Chairman in
the Convention of 1904. In 1915 he retired from active news-
paper work. The News was merged with the Herald, becoming
the Joilet Herald-News.
As a youth Ferriss was interested in the natural sciences, at
first collecting trilobites and other fossils of the local Paleozoic.
His first conchological discovery, I believe, was Unio siq)erior-
ensis Marsh, which he found on one of several fishing trips to the
north shore of Lake Superior, in the early nineties. Gradually
the collection of mollusks and ferns replaced fishing as a vaca-
tion pastime. About 1896 he discovered the charms of the
southern Alleghanies. " Surely ii is an enchanted land," he
wrote, "for I am homesick until I return." For the next six
years he made annual visits to this lovely mountain region, in
1898 with George H. Clapp, in 1899 with Bryant Walker,
Clapp, H. E. Sargent and myself. I suppose we will never for-
get this glorious trip. We felt that the combination of ravish-
ing scenery, new snails and congenial companionship could
never be surpassed.^ In the following year Ferriss and Walker
explored the mountains northward. Many new and fine land
shells rewarded Ferriss' work in this region. Among malacolo-
gists, his name will always be associated with it, together with
those of Rugel, Mrs. George Andrews and Miss Annie M. Law.
In February of 1899 and 1900 Ferriss made hasty trips into
southwestern Arkansas, and early in 1901 a further exploration
more northward and in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). In
March and April, 1903, Ferriss arid I, starting in southwestern
Missouri, hunted in other places in Arkansas and Indian Ter-
ritory, thence into Texas, as far as the Devil's River and the
spectacular canyon at the mouth of the Pecos. Among the
new snails turned up in these several trips were such elegant
helices as Polygyra binneyana, indianontni, pilsbryi and unidfera,
the rare P. kiowaensis Simpson, and in Western Texas the genera
* Nautilus, XIV. Proc. A. N. S. Phila. 1900, 1902. It was in this
region of East Tennessee and Western North Carolina that Miss Law had
found Polygyra chilhoweensis, and Mrs. Andrews P. andrewsoe and Viirinizon-
ites latissimus. Ferriss thought that if women could discover such splendid
species, a man ought to find one "as big as a tincup, with spines."
,047
4 THE NAUTILUS.
Daudebardiella and Cochliopa, new to our fauna. Lavipsilis simp-
soni Ferr. was also from one of these trips. ^
February, 1902, was, I believe, the date of Ferriss' first Ari-
zona collecting trip. It was a hasty one, mainly in quest of
rare ferns, as he was trying to complete his collection of living
U. S. ferns for the Joliet park. Land shells had second place,
but he picked up enough to show the richness of the fauna, up
to that time scarcely known. In 1904 snails had first place,
and fine species of Sonorella, Ashmunella and Oreohelix were
taken in the Huachuca and Chiricahua ranges. He described
Ashmunella walkeri (Florida Mts. ) and Oreohelix clappi at this
time. The 1906 trip was with me, first in the Grand Canyon
region, then south in the Florida and Chiricahua Mountains.
Early December found us in the magnificent forest around the
head of Cave Creek, the highest part of the range. Bivouacking
at 10,000 ft., we woke one morning to find the world white with
snow, and waded down to camp in Cave Creek through two feet
of snow — a long day's tramp. In 1907 and 1908 Ferriss again
visited the range, getting a few additional species in the south-
ern canyons; in 1907 with L. E. Daniels. The land snail faunas
of the Huachucas and Chiricahuas were described in 1909 and
1910.' No other ranges have supplied such remarkable assem-
blages of Sonorellas, Ashmunellas, Oreohelices and Holospiras.
In 1909, in company with L. E. Daniels, a trip was made
across the Grand Canyon, on the Kaibab and Powell Plateaus.
Oreohelix strigosa depressa in great abundance and variety was
found, also the rare Succinea hawkinsi Baird. The results were
published, together with those of our trip of 1906, in 1911.
In the expedition of 1910, L. E. Daniels and I joined. We
camped in many ranges not before explored for shells. : the
Santa Ritas, Baboquivaris, Dragoons and others. Sonorella
ferrissi^ S. tvalkeri, Holospira danielsi and Oreohelix ferrissi were
part of the loot. There was something new about every day.
Daniels introduced hot lemonade as a pick-me-up after a hard
'Nautilus, XIV; Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1903, 1905, 1906, etc.
^ "Mollusca of the Southwestern States." Proc. A. N. S. Phila. Nauti-
lus XVIII.
THE NAUTILUS. O
day's shelling. Ferriss would take his tin cup full before the
final ingredient was poured in.
In the limits of my space, all of the trips in Arizona and New
Mexico cannot be described, but the chief ones may be men-
tioned.
1913. Catalina, Rincon, Tortillita and other ranges; after-
ward with Frank Cole ' ' a splendid guide and biscuit maker ' '
to the White and Blue Mountains, on the Gila headwaters.
1914. With Daniels, into the Mogollons, N. M., where an
entirely new set of Ashmunellas turned up. ^
1915. The Black Range, N. M., with the writer. From a
series of camps along the ridge at 8-10,000 ft., and in magnifi-
cent forest, we collected such fine Ashmunellas and Oreohelices
as A. cockerelli, 0. pilsbryi and many others.^ This was the last
of the trips by wagon and pack train. Ferriss bought a Ford.
In 1917, 1918 and 1919 the ranges west of Tucson to Ajo,
and those along the Mexican border, Tumacacori to the Whet-
stones, etc., were explored, partly with Frank Cole, the best of
guides, partly with Hinkley and Camp.' Bulimulus nigro-
montanus Dall was one of the notable finds, the genus being new
to Arizona.
The summers of 1916-17 were spent with the Sierra Club and
in other travels in California.* In 1919 with a party in north-
eastern Arizona, an arid region, but of great interest for its
wonderfully preserved cliff dwellings, natural bridges and Mt.
Navajo.^
Early in 1921 a camping trip in the ranges around Death
Valley was carried on in company with E. P. and Mrs. Chace.
Mia'arionta was abundant and varied. Later, with Prof. Ed-
win E. Hand and Dr. W. T. Miller, he went northward through
central Arizona.*
In the autumn of 1922 Ferriss and I took the field in historic
Santa Fe. The route was down the Rio Grande to the Organ
Mountains, across the White Sands and desert to the Sacra-
iNautiltjs, vols. 28, 29, 32; Proc. A. N. S. Phil., 1918.
= Nautilus, 1917; Proc. A. N. S. P., 1917.
2 Moll. S. W. States XI, 1923. Nautilus, vol. 33 : " Along the Mexican
border." * Nautilus, vols. 31, 32.
5 Nautilus; vol. 33, p. 109. « Nautilus, vol. 35, p. 123.
6 THE NAUTILUS.
mentos and north to Nogal Peak, then into the Guadalupe
range in southeastern New Mexico and Texas, and south to the
Chisos Mountains in the Big Bend of the Rio Grande. The re-
sults of this trip will soon be published; there is a great deal of
interest, since much of the ground was new. Early in 1924
Ferriss again visited western Texas. ^ His last trip, in the
spring of 1925, was in the same region, but cut short by ill-
health.
In later years Ferriss became increasingly interested in cacti,
collecting great numbers for use in the beautiful monographic
work of Dr. J. N. Rose, and for his own collection in a large
greenhouse built for their cultivation in the West Park, Joliet.
To spin along over a rocky desert with Ferriss at the wheel and
at the same time looking sharply for wayside cacti was an edu-
cation for the nerves. Very few large stones were missed. On
a long trip the only place in the car free of cacti would be the
bed-roll.
Ferriss was an ideal camping companion. He loved life in
the open, had great endurance, an unfailing optimism, and an
exhaustless store of entertaining talk. He was at his best in
camp, and drew out the best in others. The prospector or
cattleman who chanced to drop into camp often stayed swap-
ping reminiscences around the fire far into the night — tales of
the Indian times, of Apache Kid, Cochise Stronghold (where
we camped), and of course, of the search for lost mines.
Nearly everywhere Ferriss found somebody he knew, or who
knew a friend of his, and he was heartily welcome in hundreds
of places throughout the southwest.
As a collector he has probably never been surpassed. Ferriss
found more new land shells than any American since the time
of Thomas Say; and he generously shared his finds with those
most interested. Some account of his discoveries will be given
at another time.
The portrait now given is an excellent likeness of Ferriss as I
first knew him. In later years his face, always strong and fine-
featured, became deeply lined and bronzed by exposure.
Ferriss had no children. His wife survives him. — H. A. P.
^Nautilds, vol. 38 : " On the Kio Grande."
{To be continued)
THE NAUTILUS. 7
SOME NOTES AND A LIST OF SHELLS OF RIO, KENTUCKY
WILLIAM J. CLENCH
Kent Scientific Museum, Grand Rapids, Michigan
Rio is a small settlement, located on the north bank of the
Green River, Hart Co., Kentucky, between 30 and 40 miles up-
stream from Mammoth Cave.' During the past two seasons,
collections were made at this place, as conditions were very-
favorable for molluscan life. On the first trip, in 1924, con-
siderable time was spent collecting land shells, as we reached
Rio about the first of August when conditions were at their best.
On the 1925 trip we did not reach this place until the latter part
of September, and after an abnormally dry summer, which was
rather unfavorable for land-shell collecting.
This particular section of Kentucky is in the physiographic
region designated as "The Knobs," a narrow belt of land
which entirely surrounds the bluegrass region except on the
north. The Knob Region is characterized by isolated hills,
usually steep-sided, well forested and containing many springs
and creeks. Outcrops of limestone cover their sides, and many
of the highest hills are capped with sandstone. They are not
very high but lend a picturesque feature to the landscape so
noticeable after leaving the rolling bluegrass region. The up-
per tributaries of the Green River have their rise in The Knobs
and the river itself skirts the southern edge for quite a distance.
At Rio the river reaches quite a good size, with long stretches of
slack water broken at irregular intervals with gravel and stony
riffles.
On both trips the collecting was confined to the vicinity of
Rio, not extending more than one-half mile down stream from
the toll bridge and only a short distance above it. About an
eighth of a mile north of the the town Glen Brook Spring is
located, whose waters have been dammed to run a small power
plant. The capacity of the spring is considerable — nearly suffi-
cient to fill a three-foot pipe leading to the power plant. All
iSee " Vagabonding for Shells," Naut., Vol. 38, 1925, 133.
8 THE NAUTILUS.
of our land-shell collecting in 1924 was confined to the hillsides
adjacent to the spring The southern hillside was very wet and
the mollusks rather abundant, both as to species and individ-
uals. The northern hillside, which was much drier, yielded
only Polygyra plicata Say, found under stones, and a few Gas-
trodonta ligera Say among the leaves.
In the spring we collected Goniobasis laqueata Say in abund-
ance as well as on the sides of the dam where the water was
spilling from under the loose flashboards, and in the creek im-
mediately below the dam.
The dam itself, along its sides, contained Physa microstoma
Hald. and Lymnaea humilis modicella (Say). The Physa were
far more numerous in 1924 than they were in 1925. Condi-
tions for the fresh-water forms appeared to be exactly the same
for both years, yet there was a considerable difference in the
number of Physa. The explanation of such periodic ' ' waves ' '
of abundance of some species of mollusks is still an open ques-
tion. It is possible that in some cases a very heavy infestation
of larval trematodes is responsible for such fluctuations in their
numbers.
The Green River was richest in species on the shoals. The
Unionidse were so thick in one place that the individuals actu-
ally touched one another. The 1925 catch at this point was
much greater in number of species than that of 1924. The last
season we had the advantage of very low water which aided the
collecting of live shells materially, and also the collecting of
many dead specimens which were found along the margins of a
long island that divided the riffle into two parts at its lower
end. Here the mussels had been trapped in the shallow de-
pressions and irregularities along the island edge and had died
as the receding water left them high and dry. This oppor-
tunity gave us the advantage of sorting out the various species
and of selecting the best specimens.
On the rocks bordering the river some splendid specimens of
Goniobasis curreyana Lea and Lithasia obovata Say were col-
lected, though they were not quite as abundant here as they
were farther up the river.
On the 1924 trip Remington and I investigated the slack
THE NAUTILUS. M
water area above the bridge. It was here that we took otir first
specimens of Pleurocera undulatum Say. The south side of the
river at this point consisted of a gently sloping, muddy bank.
Along this bank in about a foot of water we found P. undulatum
to literally pave the bottom. A few Campeloma integrum (Say)
and two species of Uniones (Lampsilis siliquoidea (Barnes) and
Proptera alata (Say) were also obtained.
P. undulatum is purely a mud inhabitant. It appeared for
the first time at Greensburg, where long stretches of slack water
allow the mud and silt to settle. A little above Greensburg the
river contains many riffles, and the slack water areas are short.
During high water these areas would be more or less swept free
of any accumulations of this material. I am inclined to believe
that this is the limiting factor in the upstream distribution of
this species rather than any other single agency. The young of
this species will cling to the sides of clean rock, but the adults
are usually found half buried in the deep silt along the river
banks or in the deposits of this material on the tops of the rocks
and ledges.
Some ecological notes concerning Goniobasis laqueata Say
might be of interest here. This species was only collected in
running water. As noted above, it was found in the spring or
on the side walls of the dam and also below the dam in the
small creek.
The forms found in the spring had deeply corroded spires, in
some cases as many as three whorls were missing with the
fourth whorl noticeably pitted. The specimens collected on
the wall of the dam and in the creek below were entirely free of
such corrosion. This is by no means an uncommon occurrence
in spring forms; in fact, it seems to be the general thing,
throughout this section of the south. Decollated forms of
Goniobasis nassida Conr. and G. carinifera Lam. were found in
similar situations. The former were collected at Huntsville,
Alabama, in the Big Spring during the 1924 trip. This spring
had been dammed to create a shallow pond in a small park.
The species was found only in the pond and most abundantly
near the spring. It was entirely replaced by Pleurocera brumbyi
Lea in the creek below the pond which species showed but very-
little corrosion. /
10 THE NAUTILUS.
The corroded specimens of G. carinifera were found in an
artificial lake at the mouth of a spring at Cleveland, Tennessee.
This lake was fed entirely from the spring. It bubbled up in
many places through sand, each outlet being surrounded by
aquatic plants that were partially or wholly submerged in the
water. In this situation thousands of G. carinifera congregated,
all showing the corrosive effects of some chemical agent. About
a fourth of a mile from the spring a dam had been built across
the lake, with outlets at each end. These flowed into a second
portion of the lake that was some four feet below the level of
the first portion. In the largest outlet we found G. carinifera
covering all the stones on the bottom and even on the cement
sides of the small spillway. All of the specimens collected in
this part of the lake had perfect spires, not in any way affected
by chemical action.
It is quite possible that CO2 in the form of carbonic acid,
H2CO3, is responsible for this corrosive action. Many springs
throughout this region carry this gas under pressure which is
released upon the Avater emerging from the ground. The lime-
stone caves in Kentucky and southern Indiana are results of
this action, carried out over a long period of time. The com-
position of the shells is practically the same as that of the lime-
stone, being nearly pure calcium carbonate (Cooke, p. 252).
Calcium carbonate is nearly insoluble in pure water, but when
carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in the water there is farmed an
aqueous solution of carbonic acid, H2CO3. This attacks the
calcium carbonate, converting it into calcium bicarbonate,
H2Ca(C03)2, which is soluble in water.
The mollusks living in the mouth of the spring would get the
full effects of this corrosive action, and those more distant from
the spring would be less affected after the acid had been neu-
tralized or passed off in the form of CO2 upon contact with air
and the release of pressure. At Rio, Kentucky, and again at
Cleveland, Tennessee, standing water seemed to be the inter-
vening factor between the corroded and the non-corroded forms.
This would point more or less to CO2 as the corrosive agent
rather than humic acids, as I do not believe that humic acids
are materially affected upon standing unless they come in con-
THE NAUTILUS. 11
tact with some material with which they would react. CO., on
the other hand, would be released, thus reducing its action in
the form of carbonic acid.
The condition at Huntsville, Alabama, is quite similar,
though not as good an example since here two species were in-
volved. G. nassula seemingly preferred the waters about the
spring, disappearing in the outlet, while Pleurocera hrumhyi made
its appearance at this point and continued on down the small
creek. It is possible that running water is the real factor in
the separation of the two species, though I am more inclined to
believe that chemical rather than physical agents are the
barriers.
Other species such as G. proxima Say, seem to prefer springs,
and disappear entirely a short distance from the source.
Jewell (p. 26) lists nine species of Unionidas from the Big
Muddy River (Illinois), that were very much corroded. This
is described as a naturally acid stream. Pleurocera elevatum was
the only gasteropod noted, with no mention of its condition.
Grier (p. 15) summarizes our knowledge of this question but
uses the term erosion for both chemical and physical action
upon the shell. The term erosion should however be limited
to the action of physical factors, such as sand, gravel and stones,
which in many rivers are responsible for shell destruction. In
many cases erosive action is the first to start the destruction of
the shell by tearing away small portions of the protective peri-
ostracum when the corrosive factors continue the work on the
unprotected layers beneath. At such places as Huntsville, it
is quite impossible to place the blame on mechanical injury;
the undisturbed pond with its cement bottom and abundance
of plant growth give sufficient protection from this cause.
The following data based on pH readings in Glen Brook
Spring and adjacent waters do not bear out my contention in
regard to the acidity of the water in the spring inasmuch as the
readings in both the spring and in the dam and creek below
show a basic condition. However, the readings in the spring
are notably lower or nearer neutral than those of the dam and
creek. It had been raining for two days previous to the taking
of these readings and the influence of surface run-off no doubt
12
THE NAUTILUS.
had seriously affected the usual conditions. A portion of the
spring water is obtained from surface run-off as indicated by
the lessening volume of the spring on the third day. Small
rills entered the dam and a large one entered the creek about
one hundred feet below the dam. Those entering the dam had
dried up early in the morning of the third day but the one be-
low the dam continued to flow throughout our stay. The
change from pH 8. on the second day to that of pH 7.6 on the
third day is, in all probability, due to the drying-up of the
rills entering the dam. It is to be regretted that our short stay
at this place prevented another reading under more normal
conditions.
Eeadings
(2o he continued)
FOSSIL VIVIPARUS-LIKE CALCAREOUS OPERCULAi
BY WENDELL P. WOODRING
Pliocene Viviparus-Wke calcareous opercula (Scalez petrolia
Hanna and Gaylord) from California were briefly described in
an article in the last number of The Nautilus.'' After this
article was in type, Dr. Pilsbry called my attention to a fossil
from the Eureka District of Nevada that was named Ampullaria f
'Publislied with the permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological
Survey.
^ Woodring, W. P. , Pliocene Viviparus-\ikQ opercula from California.
Nautilus, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 109-111, 1926.
THE NAUTILUS. 13
powelli by Walcott ' and assigned by him to beds of lower Car-
boniferous age. The type material of this species shows that
the shell is much more similar to Viviparus than would be sup-
posed from the figure, which apparently was drawn with a living
Ampidlaria as a guide. The body whorl is not so inflated with
respect to the other whorls; the spire is relatively higher; and
the aperture is less elongate. Opercula that clearly belong to
this species, although they have not been found in the aper-
tures of shells, also are more viviparoid than the figure shows.
These opercula, which are calcareous and are much more
abundant than shells, are very similar to Scalez petrolia, but
they are smaller and their nucleus is a little farther from the
columellar edge.
Dr. T. W. Stanton, of the United States Geological Survey,
also called my attention to a calcareous operculum in a collec-
tion of fossils from the Judith River formation (Upper Cretac-
eous) cropping out at the mouth of Meili Coulee near Havre,
Montana (locahty 2794, U. S. Geol. Survey register of Mesozoic
invertebrate fossil localities). This operculum resembles Scalez
petrolia, but it is a little smaller, more elongate, and its poster-
ior end is more pointed. These beds carry a large Viviparus-
like shell that is much too large for this operculum, unless it
belonged to a young shell.
The United States Geological Survey recently received from
Dr. J. C. F. Siegfriedt fossils collected from a bed of Fort Union
(Eocene) age overlying the coal in the Eagle Coal Mine at Bear-
creek, Montana (locality 13459, U. S. Geol. Survey register of
Mesozoic invertebrate fossil localities). This collection contains
calcareous opercula similar to Scalez petrolia, though again they
are smaller and their nucleus lies a little farther from the colu-
mellar edge.
According to these records, fossil Viviparus-like calcareous
opercula are not so rare as was supposed when the previous
article was written. They have been found in beds of supposed
lower Carboniferous age in Nevada, in Upper Cretaceous and
1 Walcott, C. D. , Fresh-water shells from the Paleozoic rocks of Nevada:
Science, vol. 2, p. 808, 3 figs., 1883. U. S. Geol. Survey Mon. 8, p. 261,
figs. 4, 5, 1884.
14 THE NAUTILUS.
Eocene beds in Montana, and in Pliocene deposits in California.
Apparently all these specimens represent the same generic
type; at kast all are similar to Viviparns and all are cal-
careous. No record has yet been found of living Viviparidse
that have calcareous opercula.
FURTHER NOTES ON SCALEZ PETROLIA
BY DR. G. DALLAS HANNA
This organism, presumed to be a mollusk, was originally de-
scribed from operculum-like objects preserved in the upper part
of the Etchegoin (Pliocene) formation of the southern end of
the San Joaquin Valley, California.^ Dr. W. P. Woodring"
has recently recorded the finding of Viviparus-\ike shells associ-
ated with the opercula and which appear to have belonged to
the same organism. For some reason the shell was exceedingly
thin and delicate, yet the operculum was comparatively mass-
ively developed, a condition which is presumed to have been
brought about by the changing of the old Etchegoin marine sea
to the Tulare freshwater lake.
The organism did not last long as would be expected of such
a specialized development, but it grew in prodigious abundance
while it did exist. A few feet of strata mark its vertical range
and for this reason it has become one of the best " markers " of
a definite zone yet discovered in petroleum geology. It like-
wise had a fairly wide "horizontal" distribution, having been
found in wells drilled in the center of the San Joaquin Valley,
as well as for many miles, north and south, along the western
border.
Unfortunately the original description contained two errors,
one of which was avoidable, and this opportunity is taken to
make the corrections. The type specimens came from the Mid-
lands Oil Company's Well No. 1, Sec. 34, " T. 32 S.", R. 24
iHauna & Gaylord, Proc, Calif. Acad. Sci. 4th ser., Vol. 13, 1924, pp.
147-149, 2 figs.
''Nautilus, Vol. 39, No. 4, 1926, pp. 109-111.
THE NAUTILUS. 15
E. , M. D. M. , Kern County, California, the depth being given
as 3306 feet. Through a typographical error the number of the
township was given as T. 32 S., whereas it should have been
T. 31 S. Subsequent discovery of the organisms in a great
many wells in that general region has practically proved that
the depth given must be erroneous and should be about 4020
feet. The geologist who made the original collection found the
depth-data on the cores at the well somewhat uncertain, but
failed to note this fact in the transmission of the material to the
laboratory. It was impossible, with the data then available, to
detect this error, and it was only discovered when subsurface
contour maps were in process of construction. In the early
days of economic micro-paleontological work the necessity of
exact locality data was not fully appreciated by all of the field
geologists.
The specimens from Pacific Oil Company well No. 23, Sec.
35, T. 30 S., R. 24 E., M. D. M. are indicated as having come
from a depth of 3000 feet. The total depth of the well was
3005 feet and the shales containing Scalez were blown out by gas
after the drilling was finished. It was generally supposed by
the field geologists that they came from the bottom, but subse-
quent plotting on subsurface maps indicates that they were
blown from a depth of approximately 2108 feet below sea level,
the elevation at that point being 707 feet.
The writer agrees fully with Dr. Woodring in the belief that
the genus name chosen was somewhat unfortunate, but it is be-
lieved that our action may be excused when the facts which
controlled the selection are made known. It so happened that
the layer bearing the opercula had been previously found in
several wells other than those mentioned in the original descrip-
tion and field men generally had come to refer to them as
' ' white fish scales ' ' and the term had been entered on the
"logs" in that form. Obviously, we wished to change this
practice; we did not want to let so important a fossil be con-
tinually referred to by a name so far from correct. In consid-
ering ways whereby a name in common usage might be dis-
placed, the most feasible means appeared to be to select one
similar in spelling and sound to the one in use. Therefore, we
16
THE NAUTILUS.
chose Scalez from among several which were considered. The
effectiveness of the displacement of the term "white fish scales "
can be attested to by any one familiar with recent subsurface
work in the region concerned.
TEXAS LAND AND FBESHWATEB SHELLS
BY E. G, VANATTA
Dr. Julia Gardner in the course of geological work collected a
box of drift on the south bank of the Colorado River, 1^ miles
below the Travis- Bastrop County line, Texas, on June 16, 1925,
from which the following species of shells were picked.
One sinistral specimen of Pupoides marginatus was found
among about 100 dextral specimens of various sizes.
It is interesting to find Gastrocopta corticaria so far west.
Planorbis cultratus is further north than before recorded, and the
ranges of various other species are extended.
Helicina orbiculata tropica
'Jan.' Pfr.
Praticolella berlandieriana
Moric.
Praticolella campi C. & F.
Polygyra auriformis Bid.
Polygyra mooreana Binn.
Polygyra texasiana Moric.
Polygyra roemeri Pfr.
Polygyra thyroidus Say
Polygyra fraterna friersoni Pils.
Bidimulus dealbatiis mooreanus
'Binn.' Pfr.
Pupoides marginatus Say
Pupilla mvcorum L.
Gastrocopta armifera Say
" contracta Say
" pentodon tappani-
ana Ad.
" corticaria Say
Gastrocopta procera riparia Pils.
" " sterkiana
Pils.
" " mcclungi
Hanna
" cristata P. & V.
" hordeacella Pils.
Vertigo tridentata Wolf
Vertigo milium Gld.
Strobilops labyrinthica texasiana
Pils.
Vallonia parvula St.
Oviphalina fragilis Binn.
Polita roemeri Pils.
Polita indentata umbilicata
Ckll.
Eucomdus trochulus Reinh.
Striatura milium meridionalis
Pils.
Zonitoides arboreus Say
THE NAUTILUS. 17
Pseudohyalina minuscula Binn. Lymnsea techella Hald.
" singleyana Pils. Planorbis trivolvis Say
' •■ nummus Van. ' ' antrosus Conr.
Anguispira alternata rarinotatn ' ' liebmanni Dkr.
Pils. " parvus Say
Helicodisus eigenmanni Pils. " dilatatus Gld.
Punctum pygmaeum Drap. " cidtratus Orb.
Succinea avara Say Planorbida obstruda Morel.
Carychium exiguum Say Cincinnatia cincinnatiensis
Carychium exile Lea A nth.
Physa Integra Hald. Musculium transversum Say.
AN INTERESTING RADULA (EOCYPRAEA ADAMSONII SOW.
BY DR. PHIL. r. A. SCHILDER
Naumburg a S. , Germany
In 1924 ' I established a new sub-family Eocyprseinge, inter-
mediate between Cypr8eina3 and Amphiperasinas; its characters
were taken from the shells, especially from those of the fossil
species. Now I have information also of the radulaof Eocyprsea
adamsonii Sow. , the only recent survival of this genus, which is
otherwise represented by numerous species inhabiting all seas,
especially from Upper Cretaceous to Eocene times.
Its radula justifies the new sub-family Eocyprseina?. The
median tooth is like in many Apaphiperasinse (Simnia purpurea
Risso, for instance), but all cuspides are much longer. The
admedian tooth shows the same external prolongation as Simnia
purpurea Risso, and Amphiperas adriatica Sow. , but the flabel-
lum of its body is very peculiar. The uncini are quite distinct:
inner one recalls Pediadaria, being elongate, with 3 cusps,
while the outer one is flabelliform, but much narrower than in
Amphiperasinffi. I counted about 350 rows of teeth, while
there are in Triviinso 40-70, in Pediadaria 75, in Cypr^einse 65-
230, in Amphiperasinffi 70-150, and in the large Amphiperas
ovum Linn, only, 240-300.
1 Archiv fiir Naturgeschiclite, xc, pp. 182, 205 (1924).
18
THE NAUTILUS.
According to Prof. Tbiele (Berlin), the radula of Jenneria
pustulata Lam. is similar to that of Eocyprsea adamsonii ; also I
have been told Sulcocyprsea^ concinna Ad. Kv., is allied to
Eocypra3ina3. The other genera, however, formerly included in
Eocypreeinse do not belong to this group (excepted Transolula) ;
Calpurnus is an aberrant form of Amphiperasinae, Cyprseogem-
mula seems to be allied to Pedicularia ; the anatomy of Umbilia
hesitata Ired.^ proves that this genus (and Gisortia), though
Fig. 1. A, one row of the lingual teeth of BocyprcEa adamsonii Sow. B,
one admedian tooth (left side), dorsal view. C, one admedian tooth (left
side), basal view from behind. D, one inner tooth (left side), dorsal view.
E, flabellum of the outer uncinal tooth, unfolded (left side), basal view.
very primitive (the third branch of the osphradium still being
short!), belongs to Cyprseinae. Mandolina and its predecessor
Archicyprasa (new, type: lioyi Bay.) form an ancient branch
intermediate between Cypreeinse and Eocyprseinae. The sys-
tematic position of Cyprseovula can not yet be determined cer-
tainly : the shells of the 6 species restricted to South Africa look
very ancient (they seem to be most nearly allied to shells from
the Eocene of Australia: Austrocyprsea pyridata Tate); I have
not yet succeeded in getting a radula, all specimens of the com-
mon species (capensis Gray, edentula Gray) being beach shells.
* There is no difference between the shells of " Ovulum concinnum" Ad.
Ev., from the Indopacific Ocean and the Eocene species of Sulcocyprcea Conr.,
viz.: mathewsonii Gabb, lintea Conr. {=kennedyi Harr.), vaughani Johns.,
and healeyi Aldr. (^ dalli Aldr. ). Sulcocypnra must not be confounded with
Cyprcrdia Swains. , which belongs to Triviin;e.
^ Vayssiere, R^cherches zool. et anat. Moll. Cypraeidds I. (Ann. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Marseille, Zool., xviii), p. 80, t. 2, figs. 23-26 (1923).
THE NAUTILUS. 19
TWO NEW SPECIES OF DENTALIITM FROM THE EOCENE OF PERU
BY E. WILLARD BERRY ^
During the examination of the Saman shale of northwestern
Peru for micro-fossils I discovered the following two new species
of Dentaliurii. They are both rather small forms, distinctive in
characters and not especially common. The Saman shale is
probably upper Eocene in age. These new Dentalia are named
and described as follows:
Dentalium samanicum n. sp. Figs. 3, 4.
Shell very slightly curved, tapering but little, at the rate of
0.2 millimeters per centimeter. Cross section circular. Surface
with growth lines and 30 longitudinal ribs or costae. These
ribs are of two sizes, the smaller being less than half the height
of the larger, alternating in position so that every other one is
of the same size. Length 7 millimeters. Maximum diameter
2.2 millimeters.
Locality. — Negritos, Peru.
A number of Eocene species of Dentalium show this alterna-
tion of ribbing. Among these Dentalium samanicum differs from
Dentalium mississippiense Conrad,^ a much larger form from the
Jackson of the United States, in having fewer ribs and more
prominent growth lines. The Peruvian form is also similar to
Dentalium alternatum Lea,' from the Claiborne of Alabama and
Mississippi, which is also a larger and a more tapering form.
Dentalium boggsi n. sp. Figs. 1, 2.
Shell more curved, tapering but slightly, at the rate of 1.6
millimeters per centimeter. Cross section circular. Surface
ornamented with 16 strong equal ribs or costae. Growth lines
faint. Length 5 millimeters. Maximum diameter 2 milli-
meters.
'Published by permission of the Chief Geologist of the International
Petroleum Co., Ltd.
''Conrad, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 2nd ser., vol. 1, p. 112, pi. 11, fig.
1, 1848; Clark, Md. Geol. Surv., Eocene, p. 159, pi. 29, fig. 8, 1901.
»Lea, Cont. to Geology, p. 34, pi. 1, fig. 2, 1833.
20
THE NAUTILUS.
Locality. — Negritos, Peru.
This species is named after 0. D. Boggs, who was the first to
study the micro-fossils of this region. It is about the size and
Figs. 1, 2. Dentalium boggsi n. sp. 1, lateral view; 2, cross section.
Figs. 3, 4. Dentalium samanicum n. sp. 3, lateral view; 4, cross section.
All 8 times natural size.
form of Dentalium annulatum Meyer ' of the Claiborne of Ala-
bama, but is ribbed instead of being annulated.
' Meyer, Contributions to the Eocene Paleontology of Alabama and Missis-
sippi. Geol. Surv. Alabama, Bull. 1, p. 64, pi. 1, tig. 1, 1886.
THE NAUTILUS. 21
A LIST OF THE MOLLUSKS COLLECTED BY ME. OWEN BRYANT ALONG
THE COASTS OF LABRADOR, NEWFOUNDLAND AND NOVA SCOTIA
BY CHARLES W. JOHNSON
(^Continued from Vol. 39^ page 135)
G. stimpsonii var. brevis (Verr.). St. Pierre. — 5 f. N. S. —
14 miles S. of C. Sable, 45 f.
C. (Siphonorbis) pygmaeus (Gould). N. S. — 20 miles E. S. E.
of C. Sable, 70 f. ; 43 miles W. by S. of C. Sable, 110 f.
C. { Aulacofmus) lividus (Morch. ). Lab. — Mettek I. ; off Heb-
ron, 60 f. ; Egg Hbr., 7 f. N. F.— S. by E. of Burin, 110 f.
Ptychatractus ligatus (Migh. & Ads.). N. S. — Roseway Bk.
E. of C. Sable, 45 f. Terebratulina septentrionalis was quite
common at this station.
Admete couthouyi (Jay). Lab. — Off Fish I., 80 f. ; between
C. Mugford and Hebron, 60 f . ; Nain, 7 ft.; Shoal Tickle, 25 f.;
off Egg Hbr., 20 f.; off Beach L, 80 f. N. S.— Browns Bk.,
40 f.
Lora pleurotomaria (Couth). Lab. — Egg Hbr., 7 f. St.
Pierre— 5 f. N. S.— Browns Bk., 40 f.
L. pingeUi (Beck). Lab.— Egg Hbr., 7 f. N. S.— 70 f. 20
miles E. S. E. of C. Sable; Browns Bk., 49 f.
L. cancellata (Migh. and Ads.). Lab. — Egg Hbr., 7 f. N.
S.— Browns Bk., 40 f.
L. cancellata y ax. canadensis Verr. & Bush. Lab. — Egg Hbr.
L. decussata (Couth). Lab.— Off Egg Hbr., 20 f. N. S.—
70 1 20 miles E. S. E. of C. Sable.
L. nobilis (Moll). Lab.— Egg Hbr., 7 ft.
L. scalaris var. ecar'mata (Sars). Lar. — Komaktorvik Bay,
5f.
L. rugidata (Moll). Lab. — Between C. Mugford and Hebron,
60 f.; Nain, 7 f.; Shoal Tickle, 25 f . ; off Battle Hbr., 50 f.
L. impressa (Morch). Lab. — Egg Hbr., 7 f.
L. harpularia (Couth). Lab. — Egg Hbr., 7 f.
L. exarata (Verr.) N. S.— 20 miles E. S. E. of C. Sable,
70 f. ; 43 miles W. by S. of C. Sable, 110 f.; 55 miles E. of C.
Sable, 70 f.
L. incisida (Verr.). Lab. — Between C. Mugford and Heb-
ron, 60 f. ; off Egg Hbr., 20 f. ; off Battle Hbr., 50 f. N. F.—
Off St. Lawrence Hbr., 50 f. N. S.— 20 miles E. S. E. of C.
Sable, 70 f.
L. bicarinata (Couth). Lab. — Egg Hbr., 7 f. N. S.- -
Browns Bk., 40 f.
22 THE NAUTILUS.
L. bicarinata var, violacea (Migh. and Ads.). Lab. — Shoal
Tickle, 25 f.; Egg Hbr., 7 f. St. Pierre.— 5 f. N. F.— Off
C. Race, 30 f.
Retusa pertenuis Mich. Lab. — Between C. Mugford and Heb-
ron, 60 f. ; Egg Hbr., 7 f. ; off Beachy I., 80 f. ; ofi Battle Hbr.,
50 f. N. S.— 20 miles E. S. E. of C. Sable, 70 f.; 75 miles E.
of C. Sable, 105 f.
Scaphander punctostriatus Migh. N. S. — 20 miles E. S. E. of
C. Sable, 70 f.
Cylichna alba Brown. Lab.— Off Fish I., 75 f. N. S.— 55
miles E. of C. Sable, 85 f.
C. alba var. corticata Beck. Lab. — Between C. Mugford and
Hebron, 60 f.; Shoal Tickle, 25 f.; Egg Hbr., 7 1; off Beachy
L, 80 f.
C. occulta Migh. Lab. — Between C. Mugford and Hebron,
601; off Beachy L, 80 1
Diaphana hiemalis Couth. Lab. — Between C. Mugford and
Hebron, 60 1; Egg Hbr., 7 1
Philinelima Brown. Lab. — Between C. Mugford and Hebron,
60 1; off Beachy L, 801
P. cingulata Sars. N. S.— 20 miles E. S. E. of C. Sable, 70 f.
P. sinuata Stimp. St. Pierre — 5 f.
Limacina helicina Phipps. Lab. — 20 miles E. of Nain, Aug.
15; off C. Harrison, tow net.
L. retroversa Flem. St. Pierre Hbr., Oct. 1.
Cleone limacina Phipps. Lab. — N. of Hebron; off C. Harri-
son, tow net.
Pelecypoda
Nucula delphinodonta Migh. & Ads. Lab. — Off Hebron, 100
f. ; Port Manvers, 30 f. ; Shoal Tickle, 20 1 ; off Beachy I., 80 1
N. tenuis (Montg.). Lab. — Off Hebron, 60 1; between C.
Mugford and Hebron, 60 f. ; N. of Battle Hbr. 50 1 N. S.—
20 miles E. S. E. of C. Sable, 70 1
Leda minuta (Miill. (. Lab. — Off Hebron, 60 ft. ; off Fish I.,
80 1 ; Port Manvers, 30 1 ; Nain, 7 1 ; Shoal Tickle, 20 1 ; off
Beachy I., 80 1 ; Egg Hbr., 7 f. N. of Battle Hbr., 50 f.
L. pernula (Miill.). Lab.— Off Fish L, 75 1; between C.
Mugford and Hebron, 60 1 ; off Beachy I., 80 1 ; off Egg Hbr.,
201
L. tenuistdcata (Couth). N. S.— 75 miles W. N. W. of Sable
I., 75 1; 55 miles E. of C. Sable, 85 1; 20 miles E. S. E. of C.
Sable, 85 f.
Yoldia myalis (Couth). Lab. — Off Fish I., 75 1; between
C. Mugford and Hebron, 60 f.; Nain, 7 1; off Beachy I., 80 1
f. N. S.— 14 miles S. of C. Sable, 45 1 ; Browns Bk., 40 1
THE NAUTILUS. 23
7. sapotUla (Gld.). N. S.— 75 miles W. N. W. of Sable I.,
75 f. ; 75 miles E. of C. Sable, 105 f. ; 55 miles E. of C. Sable,
85 f. ; 20 miles E. S. E. of C. Sable, 70 f.
Y. thraciaeformis (Storer). N. S. — 55 miles E. of C. Sable,
85 f.
Peden islandica Miill. Lab. — Mettek I.; off Fish I., 80 f.
N. F.— Off C. Race, 30 f. N. S.— Browns Bk., 40 f. ; 14 miles
S. of C. Sable, 45 f.
P. grandis Sol. N. S. — 14 miles S. of C. Sable, 45 f.
Anomia aculeata Miill. N. F. — C. Norman, St. Pierre Bk.,
30 f. N. S.— 75 miles W. N. W. of Sable I., 75 f.; Roseway
Bk., 45 f. ; 14 miles S. of C. Sable, 45 f. ; 49 miles W. by S. of
C. Sable, 110 f.; Browns Bk., 40 f.
Mytilus edulis Linne. N. F. — C. Norman; Conche; Pilley's
I. ; Funk I. ; mouth of Serpentine Riv.
Modiolus modiolus (Linne). N. F. — C. Norman; off Crew
Pt., 17 f. N. S.— 14 miles S. of C. Sable, 45 f.; Browns Bk.,
40 f.
Musculus substriatus (Gray). Lab. — Off Hebron, 60 f. ; off
Fish I., 75 f.; between C. Mugford Hebron, 60 f.; off Beachy
L, 80 f.; Gready Hbr., 12 f.; Egg Hbr., 7 f. N. F.— C. Nor-
man. N. S.— 14 miles E. of C. Sable, 45 ft. ; 20 miles E. S. E.
of C. Sable, 70 ft. ; Browns Bk., 40 f.
M. nigra (Gray). Lab. — Off Fish I., 75 f. ; between C. Mug-
ford and Hebron, 60 1; off Beachy L, 80 f.; Egg Hbr., 7 f.
N. F.— Off C. Race, 30 f. N. S.— 55 miles E. of C. Sable,
85 f. ; 20 miles E. S. E. of C. Sable, 70 f.
Crenella j'aba (Miill.). Lab. — Nain, tidewater.
C. decussata (Montg.). Lab.— Gready Hbr., 7 f. N. F. —
Off St. Lawrence Hbr., 59 f . ; St. Pierre Hbr., 5 ft. N. S.— 20
miles E. S. E. of C. Sable, 70 f.; Browns Bk.. 40 f.
C. glandula (Totten). St. Pierre Hbr., 5 ft. N. S.— 14
miles S. of C. Sable, 45 f.
C. pedinula (Gould). N. S. — Browns Bk., 40 f.
Periplovia fragilis (Totten). Lab. — Port Manvers, 30 f. N.
S.— 55 miles E. of C. Sable, 85 f.
Thracia myopsis Moll. St. Pierre Hbr., 5 ft. N. S. — 75
miles E. of C. Sable, 105 f. ; 55 miles E. of C. Sable, 85 f. ; S.
W. of C. Sable, 40 f.
Pandora glacialis (Leach). Lab. — Off Fish L, 75 f . ; Shoal
Tickle, 25 ft.; off Beachey I., 80 f. N. S.— 14 miles S. of C.
Sable, 45 f.
Lyonsia arenosa (Moll.). Lab. — Off Fish I., 75 f. N. S. — 14
miles S. of C. Sable, 45 f . ; Browns Bk., 40 f.
Cuspidaria glacialis (G. 0. Sars). N. S. — 75 miles W. N.
W. C. Sable L, 75 f.
24 THE NAUTILUS.
C. pellucida (Stimp.). N. F.— Off St. Lawrence Hbr., 50 f.
N. S.— 55 miles E. of C. Sable, 55 f.
Astarte borealis (Schum.). Lab. — Komatorvick Bav, 5 f . ;
off Hebron, 60 f . ; Nain, 7 f.; Shoal Tickle, 25 f.; Egg Hbr., 7
f. N. F.— S. by E. of Burin, 110 f . ; St. Pierre Hbr., 5 f.
N. S.— E. of C. Sable, 30 f.
A. borealis var. sericea Posselt. Lab. — Off Fish I., 8 f.
A. arctica Gray. Lab. — Komaktorvick Bay, 5 f.
A. globosa Moll. Lab. — Egg Hbr. 7 f. ; one mile N. Battle
Hbr., 50 f.
A. elliptica (Brown). Lab. — Nain, 7 f . ; Shoal Tickle, 25 f. ;
Egg Hbr., 7 f. ; off Egg Hbr., 20 f. N. F.— Off C. Race, 30 f.
St. Pierre Hbr., 5 f. N. S.— 14 miles S. of C. Sable, 45 f.
A. subaequilatera Sowb. N. S. — 75 miles E. of C. Sable, 105
f. ; 55 miles E. of C. Sable, 85 f. ; 40 miles W. by S. of C.
Sable, 76 f.
A. subaequilatera var. ivhiteavesii Dall. N. S. — 75 miles W.
N. W. of Sable I., 75 f.; 20 miles E. S. E. of C. Sable, 70 f . ;
Browns Bk., 40 f.
A. undata Gould. N. S.— 55 miles E. of C. Sable, 85 f.; 40
miles W. by S. of C. Sable, 76 f. ; Browns Bk., 40 f.
A. castanea (Say). N. S. — 40 miles W. by S. of C. Sable,
76 f.
A. striata Leach. Lab. — Shoal Tickle, 25 f.; Egg Hbr., 7 f.
A. fabula Reeve. Lab.— Off Hebron, 60 f.; off Fish L, 80 f.
A. crenata Gray. Lab. — Egg Hbr., 7 f.
Venericardia borealis (Conr. ) Lab. — Off Hebron, 60 f. ; off
Fish I., 80 f.; Shoal Tickle, 25 f. ; off Egg Hbr., 20 f. N. F.—
Off St. Lawrence Hbr., 53 f.; off C. Race, 30 f. N. S.— 55
miles E. of C. Sable, 85 f.
V. novangilae Morse. N. F.— Off C. Race, 30 f. N. S.- 14
miles S. of C. Sable, 45 f. ; 40 miles W. by S. of C. Sable, 76 f. ;
Browns Bk., 40 f.
Thyasira croidinensis (Jeff.). Lab. — Nain, 7 f.
T. plana (Verr. & Bush). Lab.— Shoal Tickle, 25 f . ; off
Beachy I., 80 f.; Egg Hbr., 7 f . ; one mile N. of Battle Hbr.,
50 f. N. S.— 55 miles E. of C. Sable, 85 f. ; 20 miles E. S. E.
of C. Sable, 70 f.
T. goiddii (Phil.). N. S.— Browns Bk., 40 f.
Montacuta sp. St. Pierre Hbr., 5 f.
Cardiuni ciliatum (Fabr.). Lab.— Off Hebron, 60 & 100 f . ;
off Fish I., 75 f.; between C. Mugford and Hebron, 60 f.; Port
Manvers, 30 f.; Nain, 7 1; Shoal Tickle, 25 f.; off Beachy I.,
80 f.; Egg Hbr., 7 f. ; Gready Hbr., 12 f.; one mile N. of Battle
Hbr., 50 f.; St. Pierre Hbr., 30 f.
THE NAUTILUS. 25
C. pinmdatum (Conr.). St. Pierre Hbr., 5 ft. N. S.— 49
miles W. by S. of C. Sable, 110 f. ; Browns Bk., 40 f.
Serripes groenlandicus (Gmel. ). Lab. — Komaktorvik Bay,
5 f.; between C. Mugford and Hebron, 60 f.; Nain, 7 f.; Shoal
Tickle, 25 f.; Egg Hbr., 7 f. and off Egg Hbr., 20 f.
Macoma calcarea (Gmel.). Lab. — Off Hebron, 60 f.; off" Fish
I., 75 f. ; between C. Mugford and Hebron, 60 f.; Port Manvers,
30 !.; Nain, 7 f.. Shoal Tickle, 25 f . ; off Beachy I., 80 f.; Egg
Hbr., 8 f.; one mile N. of Battle Hbr., 50 f. N. F.— St. An-
thony: Pilley's I.; off C. Race, 30 f. N. S.— Roseway Bk.,
45 f.; 20 miles E. S. E. of C. Sable, 70 f.
M. balthica (Linne). Lab.— Indian Hbr. N. F. — St. An-
thony; Pilleys I.
Spisula solidissima (Dillw.). St. Pierre Hbr., 5 f.
Mesodesma arcuatum (Conr.). St. Pierre Hbr., 5 f.
Mya arenaria Linne. Lab. — Nain, 7 1; Egg Hbr., 7 f. N.
F.— Pilleys L; Port Saunders. N. S.— Browns Bk., 40 f.
M. truncata Linne. Lab. — Off Hebron, 60 f.; between C.
Mugford and Hebron, 60 f. ; Nain, 7 f. N. F.— St. Anthony;
off St. Lawrence Hbr., 53 f. N. S.— E. of C. Sable, 30 f.
Saxicava arctica (Linne). Lab. — Kangalaksiorvik Bay, N.
of Nachvak, fossil. Between C. Mugford and Hebron, 60 f . ;
Nain, 7 1; Shoal Tickle, 25 f.; Gready Hbr., 12 f.; Egg Hbr.,
7 f. N. F.— C. Norman; St. Anthony; off C. Race, 30 f., young
attached by byssus to Pecten islandica. St. Pierre Bk., 80 f.
N. S.— 14 miles S. of C. Sable. 45 f.; 40 miles W. by S. of C.
Sable, 76 f.; Browns Bk., 40 f.
Panomya arctica (Lam.). Lab. — Off Fish I., 80 f.
Cyrtodaria siliqua (Speng. ). Lab. — Off Beachy I., 80 f. St.
Pierre Hbr., 5 f. (Young). N. S.— E. of C. Sable, 30 f.
Amphiijeura
Tonicelli marmorea (Fab.). Lab. — Gready Hbr., 12 f. N. F.
—Off C. Race, 30 f. St. Pierre Bk., 30 f.
Trachydermon albus (Linne), Lab. — Gready Hbr., 12 f.
N. F.— Off C. Race, 30 f. N. S.— 40 miles W. by S. of 0.
Sable, 76 f.; 49 miles W. by S. of C. Sable, 110 f.
T. ruber (Linne). Lab.— Egg Hbr., 7 f. ; Gready Hbr., 12 f.
Errata
In the first part of this paper, Vol. 39, pages 128 and 129
for Kowaktorvik Bay read Komaktorvik Bay; on pages 180
and 131 for Seldom Come Bay read Seldom-come-by; on page
341 for Buccinum totfenis read B. tottenii.
26 THE NAUTILUS.
SPHiERIID^, PALEAECTIC AND NEASCTIC
BY V. STERKI
The Spheeriidse, though somewhat inconspicuous and gener-
ally not much known, are a part of our fauna well worth con-
sideration for their universal distribution and frequency, and
the large numer of species and forms. They have been collected
and studied mainly in Europe and North America, and a com-
parison of the two faunas is of interest. S. Clessin, in his Mon-
ograph of the Cycladidse, has said that none of the American
species are identical with European. That was evidently for
the most part due to the fact that he had limited materials at
hand. We know now that quite a number are the same, or
closely related, thus adding their share to the evidence of a
Holarctic fauna; and more may come to light when our con-
tinent is more fully explored, especially the vast expanse of
Canada. The following list, though probably not complete,
may be serviceable.
PisiDiUM Pfeiffer
P. AMNicuM Miiller, Palearctic, and virginicum (Gmelin)
Jenyns, Nearctic, are distinct as species, and partly rather dif-
ferent, but manifestly related, and represent a group or sub-
genus, including also P. astartoides Sandberger, fossil in Europe.
P. supiNUM A. Schmidt {conicum Baudon): widely distributed
in Europe, also in our Northeast, apparently rather scarce; not
easily identified, as it is much like forms of conipressum Prime,
which is the most widely distributed of our Pisidia.
P. HENSLOWANUM Sheppard, the same as in Europe, forms
with and without ridges on the beaks; north-east, apparently
not common.
P. sTEENBUCHi Moller, has been cited repeatedly as occurring
in the north-east: Greenland, Labrador, Ungava; I have seen
no authentic specimens.
P. MILIUM Held. A well-marked species and plainly ident-
ical, widely distributed on both continents, and variable in
about the same way. From New England and New York to
THE NAUTILUS. 27
Ontario, Michigan, Manitoba, to western Washington, also in
the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, at high altitudes.
P. SUBTRUNCATUM Malm: in northern Europe; here appar-
ently scarce within the regions explored; Winnebago Lake,
Wisconsin, collected by Dr. F. C. Baker; Lake Nipigon, On-
tario, by D. B. Adamstone.
P. ROSEUM Scholtz: originally known from Silesia. There
have been some doubts whether it be a distinct species; appar-
ently— rather: exactly — the same is in Maine, and similar
forms probably not distinct, are at several places in New Eng-
land, not referable to any other American Pisidium. This, by
the way, should go far towards confirming the species,
P. PusiLLUM (Gmelin) Jenyns: a European species of rather
wide distribution, and variable. Apparently the same has been
seen from the mountains of Colorado, and from northern In-
diana, distinct from other Nearctic species, so far as can be
seen; probably it is also in Canada. A somewhat primitive
form; its favorite habitats are shallow muddy springs and
spring marshes, among grass and mosses.
P. PULCHELLUM Jenyns has been cited as from ' ' Methy Lake,
Athabasca" [now La Loche Lake, Saskatchewan], by Richard-
son; see Dall, Alaska Moll., p. 144. I have seen no specimens.
A few other species appear to be identical, but the materials
at hand are not sufl&cient to make it certain.
P. FOSSARiNUM Clessin, and subrotundum Sterki: History and
discussion of this group would fill a small book; the following
sketch may be of interest.
Palearctic: Under the name of P. casertanum Poli, English
and French authors have comprised some quite different Pisidia.
Principal among them are: (1) casertanum s. str. , or what is
taken for it, of southern to middle Europe, widely distributed
and variable; rather the same are e. g. sordellianum Pini, italicum
Clessin; forms and probably distinct species have been described
under various other names. (2) P. fossarinum Clessin, in place
of fontinale Pfeiffer, which is unidentifiable and had to be
dropped, of middle and northern Europe and probably extend-
ing far into Asia. Their areas of distribution overlap, e. g. in
France, Switzerland and no doubt eastward. P. casertanum s.
28 THE NAUTILUS.
str. can be disregarded here except to say that Nearctic has no
representatives of it, so far as known, and this fact is an addi-
tional reason for keeping them apart. P. fossarinum is a species
decidedly variable, but rather representing a vast group of
forms, many of them described under various names, some
probably being distinct species.
Nearctic: P. snbrotunduin St., had to be separated as distinct
from abditum Haldeman, a mixluin compositum as understood for
many years. It is distributed, and common to abundant at
many places from New England and New York to western
Washington (not in the south, so far as known), from there to
California and southward in the Rocky Mountains. It is de-
cidedly variable, and some subspecies again show considerable
variation, some of the forms being so different that they might
be taken for distinct species. In short, it also represents a
group, or cycle, of forms rather than a species in the current
sense.
P. fossarinum and subrotundtim, both in a narrower and wider
sense, are manifestly related, apparently somewhat primitive
and ancestral, and evidently had been diversified before the two
continents became separated. Then, on each some of them
persisted with slight changes, others differentiated with geolog-
ical, climatic and local conditions into various forms, some of
which appear to be or are now distinct species, and no doubt
these processes are going on. To mention one example, there
is a form of granitic soils in Europe exactly like specimens from
the same kind of soil in New England, and other forms from
both continents cannot be distinguished from each other. Why,
then, not have the two under one species name? (the former
would have priority).
With fossarinum, splitting on the one hand and excessive
lumping on the other, have made the nomenclature all but in-
extricable; including subrotundum would merely make things
more complicated. Besides, to express the real interrelations
with names would necessitate many of them to be trinominal
or quadrinominal. For the present at least it seems preferable
to have them separate, with the understanding that they are
parallel species, resp, groups. Also, the "head names" indi-
THE NAUTILUS. 29
cate their respective homes, i. e. continents. Their case is not
like that of P. milium for instance, which is plainly a species,
even with considerable variation.
All of this is to show that species are not always concrete,
clear-cut entities, and cannot be treated as such without violence.
It is also, by the way, an example of the difficulties encoun-
tered in working with the Sphseriidse. Thousands of speci-
mens had to be revised and compared again and again in order
to ascertain their standing and affinities, in this group alone.
SPHyERiuM Scopoli
There are no species identical on the two continents. But of
the subgenus Corneola Clessin, the Nearctic S. tenue Prime, of
northern distribution, is related to the Palearctic corneum L.,
typical species; the latter is also in Lake Ontario, probably in-
troduced.
The subg. Sphseriasirum Bgt. is represented only by *S. rivicola
Leach, of Europe. Clessin, in Cycladeen, p. 78, has ranged the
North American S. sulcatum, Lamarck under this group; mani-
festly a mistake: it belongs to the following.
Of the subg. Cyrenastrum there is only one species in Europe,
S. solidum Normand, quite distinct from all of the Nearctic
species.
MuscuLiuM Link (Calyculinn Clessin)
The principal Palearctic species M. lacustre Miiller, and M.
ryckholti Normand, the latter of more northern distribution, are
also Nearctic, and so is apparently a third; M. lacustre has been
found in northern Indiana, and in Ontario (with the shells
whitish); also near Duncan, British Columbia, large, fine
specimens of rather different forms at the same habitat.
A number of perfect specimens from England, received as M.
lacustre, and a lot from the vicinity of Berlin, Germany, only
slightly different, are certainly distinct and rather exactly like a
form of truncatum Linsley, from Ohio and Wisconsin. This
species is widely distributed in North America, and very vari-
able, but none of its forms can be mistaken for lacustre. That
European form is possibly the same as brochonianum Bourgui-
gnat, of which I have no authentic specimens.
30 THE NAUTILUS.
M. rychholti is now known from New England to western
Washington and British Columbia, also from the Rocky Mts.,
e. g. in Colorado, and is probably distributed all over Canada.
There are very different forms, some exactly like European
"varieties," others apparently representing distinct species, but
additional materials are needed, as there may be intermediate
forms. It appears that M. raymondi J. G. Cooper, from Oregon
and Washington, is inseparably connected with rychholti.
M. 'pallidum Gray, from England, is not distinct from the
Nearctic transvei'sum Say, and has probably been introduced.
EuPERA Bourguignat (Limosina Clessin)
E. singleyi Pilsbry, and possibly another species, are dis-
tributed along the Gulf coast. The genus is Neotropical, in the
West Indies, Central and South America, also African: along
the Mediterranean and in the South, so probably through the
continent.
The fact that the genera are the same, and that quite a num-
ber of species, also groups and forms, of the two faunas are
identical, or manifestly related, is one aspect of the problem of
distribution. Another is that on each continent there are num-
bers of species distinct from the common Holarctic stock, and
also from each other, in toto. This is in accord with other
aquatic as well as land Mollusca, the Unionidse and quite a
number of Gastropod families. It must be stated that of Sphae-
riidfe, Nearctia has much larger numbers of species than Pale-
arctia, so far as known; and their systematic relations, and dis-
tribution, present some complex problems, which may be dis-
cussed in another paper.
NOTES AHD NEWS
Db, Charles C. Adams of the New York College of Forestry
at Syracuse and well known to conchologists for his work on lo,
on problems of distribution, etc., has been appointed Director
of the New York State Museum at Albany.
THE NAUTILUS. 31
Dr. H. Burrington Baker left Philadelphia June 10 for
Vera Cruz, Mexico. He is to spend some months collecting
mollusks chiefly in the northern part of the State of Puebla.
Helix nucleata Turton. In Man. Conch., XXVII, p. 192,
under Acanthinula aculeata, Dr. Pilsbry has: ^' Helix nucleata
Turton, according to Montagu, 1803. Apparently a typograph-
ical error for aculeata.^ ^ In Turton' s edition of Linne (A Gen-
eral System of Nature, &c., 1806) we find:
* ' Helix nucleata. Shell top-shaped umbilicate convex both
sides, brown with prickly ribs; lip whitish. Mull. Naturf. 19,
tab. 2, fig. i, ii, iii. Chemn. Conch. 9, tab. 133, fig. 1209.
Inhabits woods of Denmark; f of a line wide. Shell subpel-
lucid, with 4 rounded whorls, on each of which are 20-30
whitish ribs; lip a little reflected and membranaceous; snail
hyaline with blackish head and tentacula."
This is obviously A. aculeata, but as it stands, it must appar-
ently be regarded as an emendation. Is it possibly H. nucleata
in the reference to Miiller given, which is not the ordinary one?
In the same book, p. 513, Turton states that Helix pomatia
was introduced into England by Sir Kenelm Digby, for medic-
inal purposes. As the species has been found in Holocene de-
posits in the south of England, it must have existed there be-
fore the days of Sir K. Digby; yet it is possible that those we
now find are descendants of his snails. As Taylor argues, how-
ever, it is more likely that H. pomatia has existed continuously
in Britain from neolithic times. — T. D. A. Cockerell.
[Professor Cockerell having supplied the reference to Helix
nucleata, which I had failed to trace to its source, I have looked
up the references he quotes from Turton. In Der Naturfor-
scher 19, p. 165 (1783), Miiller refers to the description of
Helix aadeata in his Historia Vermium. Chemnitz, in the Con-
chylien Cabinet, p. 153, quotes from Miiller, giving the same
name. He mentions the great rarity of spiny shells among land
snails, and quaintly remarks of H. aculeata: "Nur schade dass
sie sogar klein und fast unsichtbar ist." We still incline to
the theory that "nucleata" was a printer's misreading of
"aculeata," which was overlooked by Turton in the proof.
32 THE NAUTILUS.
Most people who have published much have realized what ex-
traordinary errors one sometimes overlooks. — H. A. P.]
It seems that the oystermen are importing "seed" oysters a'^
Bellingham Bay, Wash., from Japan. Mrs. Oldroyd has sent
me for identification four Japanese species from the Bellingham
Bay oyster beds as follows:
Littorina mandshurica Schrenck.
Lampania cumingi Crosse.
Rapana thomasi Crosse.
Iritonalia japonica Danker.
The last, if it becomes acclimated, may prove a serious pest
destroying young oysters. — W. H. Dall.
Since the publication of my article in the April issue, several
references have been found relating to the correlation between
the thickness of the shell in mollusks and the habitat, as is
noted above. J. W. Taylor refers to this in his Monograph of
the Land and Fresh Water Mollusca of the British Isles, Vol.
I, 1894, p. 79: and also in the Journal of Conchology, Vol. V,
April, 1888, pp. 296-7. Boycott refers to this also in the Proc.
Malacol. Soc, Vol. XIV, pp. 166-7. I am indebted to Mr. J.
K. le B. Tomlin for supplying me with this information. — Alan
MOZLEY.
Tbuncatella versus Acmea. — In Proc. Malac. Soc. London
XI, p. 332 (1915), Mr. Tom Iredale has revived the name
Aanea Hartmann (Neue Alpina I, pp. 204-12, 1821) to replace
Iruncatella, Risso, 1826.
Hartmann used the name Acmea first in his System der Erd-
und Suesswasser Gastropoden Europa's, forming VI Abtheilung,
5 Heft of Sturm's Deutschlands Fauna 1821, which, according
to Sherborn was published prior to the use in Neue Alpina
(Index Animalium Pt. I, 1922, p. 40). In this work Acme
and Acmea were used indifferently for the same genus, the
former on the table facing p. 31, and on p. 37, while Aanea
was used on pp. 48 and 49. On p. 49 a species, Acmea lineata
THE NAUTILUS. 33
is first mentioned, and no other appears in the work. It is well
defined by the generic diagnosis, in terms which exclude Trun-
catella.
From the above data it appears that Acmea Hartmann be-
comes a synonym of Acme Hartmann, and cannot be used for
TruncateUa.
As to the name Fidelis Risso, which Mr, Iredale mentions as
having page-precedence of TruncateUa, it is of even date with
TruncateUa Risso. In such cases the International Commission
has ruled that "if two or more competitive names are of the
same date, that selected by the first reviser shall stand." (Op.
40). This opinion concerned a case where page-precedence is
also involved. Fidelis has never been used by subsequent
authors, so far as I know. There seems no valid ground for
resuscitating the name. — Pilsbry.
Snail pest at Deniyaya, Ceylon. "The Kalutara Snails
{Achatina fidica) at Deniyaya were found in such overwhelm-
ing numbers that at a meeting of the Morowak Korale Planters'
Association held on March 7, 1925, the question of its eradica-
tion was discussed. This subject was referred to the Director
of Agriculture who detailed me to make an attempt to eradicate
the pest by the prompt application of systematic control
measures.
The collection of snails was begun on May 19, 1925; snails
and egg masses were hand-picked and destroyed by immersion
in a 7 per cent solution of copper sulphate. Tamil cooly boys
were employed for this work. The next stage was sanitation,
and nearly 16 acres in Deniyaya village, where snails were
found most, were clean weeded and all refuse burnt.
Over 60,000 snails and egg-masses were destroyed, and an
expenditure of Rs. 203/42 were incurred in the operation (Year
Book of the Department of Agriculture, Ceylon, 1926, p. 62).
Eric Knight Jordan. We record with regret the death of
this active and promising young naturalist, who was killed on
March 10th, 1926, by the overturning of an automobile, while
34 THE NAUTILUS.
on his way to a geological investigation of the Santa Monica
region in southern California. He was born in San Francisco on
September 27, 1903, the son of David Starr Jordan and Jessie
Knight Jordan. He was graduated from Stanford University
in 1923, his major subject being geology, with zoology as a
minor. His chief publications have been on the Molluscan
fauna of Trinidad Head, in California, written at the age of
fifteen and published by the U. S. National Museum: "The
Mollusks, Living and Fossil, of Lower California, and their
Testimony as to Climatic Conditions in the Miocene Age; A
List of the Fishes of Hawaii with notes and descriptions of new
species (this in collaboration with D, S. Jordan) and ' Notes
on the Fishes of Hawaii, with Descriptions of Six New
Species,' " based on his own collection in 1924. In his youth-
ful days, before entering the University, he had made a con-
siderable collection of mollusks of California, and on various
shores of Europe.
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED
A Fresh-Water Snail, Physa zionis, Living Under Unusual
Conditions. By H. A. Pilsbry (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil,
pp. 325-328, pi. XI and text figure, 1925). A species of Physa
from Zion National Park, Utah, materially different from any
other species hitherto described, and remarkable for its station
in moist patches of algae on vertical cliffs. Its very small size?
extremely short spire and inflated body whorl make this species
a unique one, especially among the western Physidae. Differ-
ences in the animal, such as a broad foot, lack of mantle digita-
tions, and the arrangement of the cusps on the teeth differentiate
this species under a new subgenus, Petrophysa. The text
figure by H. B. Baker, showing a central and a lateral tooth, is
the finest that has appeared for Physa, and shows for the first
time the exact position and formation of the lateral process
found on all the lateral teeth. — W. J. Clench.
the nautilus. 35
New Species of North American Ancylidae and Lancidae.
By Bryant Walker. (Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., No. 165.
Univ. Mich.). A paper of 12 pages and 3 plates, describing
five new species.
Three New Species of Physa. By W. J. Clench. (Occas.
Papers Mus. Zool., No. 168, Univ. Mich, 1926). In connec-
tion with the species described from the Hot Sulphur Springs at
Banff, Alberta, the species recorded from the thermal waters of
the Yellowstone National Park are discussed.
A New Lymn^a. By F. R. Latchford. (Canadian Field-
Naturalist, vol. 40, p. 47, 1926.) This interesting species L.
laurentiana, is found in Chilcott Lake, Masham, Ottawa Co.,
Quebec.
New fossil fresh-water Mollusks from Florida. By
William B. Marshall (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 68, 1926,
pp. 1-4). Lymncea (Pseudosuccinea) barberi, L. (P.) aperta and
Planorbis (Planorbina) preglabraius are described from snails
thrown from canals, West Palm Beach, thought to be Pliocene.
Notes on Distribution of Hawaiian Land Snails. By Dr.
C. Montague Cooke (Proc. Pan-Pacific Sci. Congr., Australia,
1923, Vol. II, pp. 1545-1548). Data are presented of the dis-
tribution of the several families and genera. The author con-
cludes: "The logical sequence of distribution of species, genera
and families on the Hawaiian islands seems to show that these
islands at one time formed a continuous land mass."
Veronicellid^ from British Guiana, and Anatomical
Notes on American Helicinid^. By H. Burrington Baker
(Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1926, pp. 29-56). In the second of
these papers Baker investigates the pallial organs, intestinal
tract and genitalia of Hendersonia, Helicina, Alcadia, Lucidella,
Emoda, Schasicheila, Stoastomops, Eutrochatella and Viana. The
anatomy of Oligyra was found to be quite distinct from that of
36 THE NAUTILUS,
Alcadia, and closest to the subgenus Tristramia of Helicina, and
he now ranks Oligyra as a subgenus of the latter. Schasicheila
is one of the most aberrant groups in the Helicininse.
Repokt on the Study and Appraisal of Mussel Resources
IN Selected Areas of the Upper Mississippi River 1920-25.
By N. M. Grier. (Amer. Midland Nat., vol. 10, pp. 89-110,
1926).
Further Studies in Correlation of Shape and Station in
Fresh AVater Mussels. By N. M. Grier and J. F. Mueller.
Bull. Wagner Free Inst. Science of Philadelphia, Vol. 1, No.
2-3.
Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the
Gulf of California in 1921. Mollusca of the Family Tri-
phoridae. By Fred Baker. (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4 ser. ,
Vol. 15, pp. 223-239, pi. 24, 1926). Nine new species and one
subspecies are described and figured.
SuR LA position systematique du Genre Erato. By M. A.
Vayssiere (Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Seance du 18 Jan.,
1926). Anatomic study of several species confirms the relation-
ship of Erato to Trivia; these two genera forming a special
section of the Cyprsea family.
Paleontology of Coyote Mountain, Imperial County,
California. By G. Dallas Hanna. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4),
XIV, No. 18, March, 1926. The Tertiary beds of this moun-
tain, which stands in the western part of the Colorado Desert,
are considered to be for the greater part middle and upper Plio-
cene, and nowhere older than lower Pliocene. The list of fos-
sils does not seem wholly congruous, characteristically eastern
Miocene forms being enumerated, running up to recent western
species; and Hanna remarks that "there appears to be good
reason to suspect that more than one Pliocene formation is
represented." The fossils are mainly in poor preservation, and
it seems quite likely that some of the identifications may be
challenged by other workers. However this may be, the paper
is timely in calHng attention to this interesting fauna. Ten new
species are described, and with other important forms, illus-
trated on ten plates. — H. A. P.
The Nautilus
Vol. XL OOTOBER, 1926. No. 2
SEEKING LAND SHELLS IN CUBA
BY EDWIN E. HAND
The writer is in doubt whether to say ^'Seeking Land Shells
in Cuba" or Finding Dr. Carlos de la Torre. But since the
two subjects are practically synonymous, let it stand as is.
D. L, Emery, of St. Petersburg, Florida, commanded E. E.
Hand of Chicago to park his car in his garage and join him and
H. E. Lowe of Long Beach, California for a trip to Cuba. All
necessary arrangements being duly perfected, three enthusiastic
conchologists embarked on a sturdy boat at Port Tampa on
July 8th bound for the port of Havana.
Next day found us located in a hotel home and 'phoning to
Dr. Carlos de la Torre. A seven-passenger Kissel Car called for
us next morning and we met the King of Cuban Conchology.
He is fully worthy to be placed with Arango and Poey; for his
knowledge of Cuban shells is simply stupendous — unbelievable.
And even better than this he is so full of ' ' the milk of human
kindness."
We had numberless examples of his brotherly love for three
strangers — yes, strangers except for the shell bond. But
Charles Torrey Simpson told us an incident which nicely illus-
trates Dr. Torre's bubbling, overflowing friendliness. Mr.
Simpson said, that Dr. Torre took him by both hands (or was
38
THE NAUTILUS.
it shoulders ?) and said, ' ' You are Charles Torrey and I am
Carlos Torre. We are brothers." And though our names are
dififerent we were treated just the same.
Our car stopped first at a tropical-fruit stand, where the host
loaded up with good things too numerous to mention and
treated us to our first green cocoanut milk sucked through a
straw a la ice-cream soda. We also sampled mangoes and
mama sapotes.
Then we drove out toward Loma de Candela and the sharp-
eyed collector ordered the chauffeur to stop the car. Up and
down that highway arched with century- old Ceiba and Ficus
trees, we hastened knocking Liguus from the trunks and lower
branches and seeking them in crevices where they were hiding.
This was a treat never to be forgotten.
Then on again to the stone fences for Urocoptis, and further,
at Guanabacoa a species of Pleurodonte planted by a collector
years ago, having been brought from eastern Cuba. It may be
•worth while to say here that Dr. de la Torre had heard of this
place, but had never visited it. So the quest was as exciting
to him as to the rest of us. We drove up near the corner of
the jail yard and the Doctor explained to some boys what he
was looking for. The boys use these in playing games and
some one was sure to know^ where to get them, but they knew
nothing about it. Then on the diagonally opposite corner the
same question was put to anotVier group. Immediately one lad
said, "Si, seilor," and away he ran. In less time than it takes
to tell it — he returned with a pocket full of the " caracolas " —
Pleurodonte marginella var. Soon five grown men were scratch-
ing around a chicken yard to the bewilderment of all the hens.
But we got a goodly mess and were soon homeward bound.
We were about forty miles away from Havana. On the way
out we stopped at a wayside inn for refreshments and returning,
found at the same place an elegant course dinner, Spanish
style, which the Doctor had quietly ordered as a surprise to us.
This is a fair sample of all our days with Dr. Carlos de la Torre.
On these auto-collecting trips we ran to the coast betimes for
Cerions, at Mariel, Cerion johnsoni marielinum go-love, C. chrysalis,
C. salvatori, etc. , by the cigar-box full.
THE NAUTILUS. 39
One day we went alone to Camoa or Janiaica and, though it
was very hot and we spent a lot of our valuable time wiping
sweat from our brows and "specs", we caught many Chondro-
poma, Proserpina, Urocoptis, Eutrochatella, Megalomastoma, Heli-
cina, etc.
Over to Matanzas, via Hershey R. R. (yes, the chocolate
man) we journeyed. Here we spent two days. One in a car
furnished by Doctor Torre's brother Salvatore, collecting out by
Belamar Caves and Point Sabanilla and the other with one of
Dr. Torre's student assistants who took us through the Yumuii
valley and Abra de Figueroa. Here Chondropoma irradians
gave us a real thrill. It is a very beautiful species with wide
flaring ruby-rayed lip. We found a few of variety mahoganyi
— solid mahogany and well named. Many Liguiis, on our re-
turn, rewarded our weary footsteps.
We did some marine collecting around Havana, finding Lit-
torina, Neritina, Tedarius, Fissurella, etc. Our mentor, D. L.
Emery, was poking about the Littorinas at the foot of the
Prado, when he found amongst the plain brown, some speckled
ones. We shall never forget the excitement six little speckled
shells caused the good Dr. Torre. He looked at them caicfully
and exclaimed, " This is a new Littorina. This does not be-
long to Cuba. You are fooling me, Emery; you brought this
from Tampa. A new land shell would be not surprising, but a
new marine! " We all agreed it should be emeryi and rejoiced
therein. But Doctor de la Torre was not to be caught napping
and began to dig. In a few days he told us that he found, in
a Porto-Rican list, undescribed and unfigured, a name that just
fitted — guttata. After diligent searching by all of us and a
student assistant, Mr. Lowe found two more.
At Guyabel we found a few of the rare Varicellas. They are
carnivorous and feed on the Urocoptis, literally eating them
alive.
We entrained for Guane, end of Railroad west, where Doctor
Torre's letter brought us a fine reception and guides. We
decided first to try for Urocoptis elliotti (See Naut., May, 1908),
so, a guide who knew where Bishop's Cave was located, took us
there. We found no elliotti nor any place where we had to hang
40 THE NAUTILUS.
on with all fours and pick with our mouth. So we decided to
do some exploring ourselves. We worked around the other
side of the Sierra de Guane and became "all tuckered out."
Emery and Hand were resting but the indefatigable Lowe was
high on the mountain side. We two had agreed that we
wouldn't cUmb anymore for all the U. elliotti in Cuba. Soon
Lowe called, "Found elliotti and lots of 'em!" We waited
not, but hastened and gathered to our heart's content. And
when we got back to the hotel and looked them over we decided
they were not elliotti ! Our guide had a horse to ford us back
over the river. He look three at a time and made two trips.
There were five of us and one sat down flat in the mud as we
unloaded. But what did we care; we were having fun !
The next day we decided to go again, alone, and see what we
could find. We went where no one had ever been collecting
before and Dr. Torre says we found a new species. These will
be worked up later.
One day, at Mendoza in the Sierra de Paso Real and the caves
in the Mogote back of the railroad station, gave us a fine lot of
^' dautzenbergiana^^ and some new ones. We were all tired out
again and went down to the station to wait for the train. We
tried to buy a ticket but they refused to sell. They tried to tell
us the train was two hours late. But beyond eats, drinks and
sleeps, our Spanish was a neghgible quantity. But we finally
got the news and hiked the four kilometers to our hotel in one
hour. We took the train back to Piiiar del Rio, and a wonder-
ful bus ride of about 18 miles brought us to Vinales. This was
the finest mountain scenery yet and the Mogotes and Tum-
badero looked magnificent. But the hotel, to which the Doc-
tor had directed us, had gone out of business and we had the
most primitive quarters. The one-story, tile-roofed, dirt-floored
dining room gave easy access to the shed in back where the
caballeros put their horses, leading them in and out through
the dining room. We spent two days here, had fine collecting,
and wanted to stay longer but our time was going so fast we
had to be moving. We returned to Havana and spent two days
with the Doctor's duplicates. Dr. Torre was amused that the
very thing we sought in Guane, we missed. "But," said he,
THE NAUTILUS. 41
"I have plenty of elliotti and will give you each a set." And
so it was. And he gave us sets and sets, and we had to leave
before he got through. But most highly prized of all he gave
each of us a book entitled, "Geografia de la Isla de Cuba por
Alfredo M. Aguayo y Carlos de la Torre y Huerta," and in-
scribed, "A guide for your future excursions and a souvenir
from your friend, Dr. Carlos de la Torre." It is a book of 210
pages with many illustrations and is used in the schools of
Cuba. Nearly all the places we visited are described and pic-
tured.
In closing we give a few lasting impressions: The royal
palms, dominant everywhere, the poverty of the people in the
country, poor huts, dirt floors, naked children, pigs tied up to
graze, drinking water hauled up from the river in a barrel and
often standing in the sunshine. The kindness and hospitality
of everyone, trying their best to do all in their power to guide
and help you, "Americano" though you be. The highways
are arched with acacias, ceibas, ficus, etc., underneath which
your car glides through a shady tunnel; but from a height as
you look back, you see the embowered road, a huge green ser-
pent winding through the landscape.
It was a wonderful trip and long to be remembered, but we
know three Americanos who are glad to be back in the U. S. A.
And we all have his promise that Dr. Carlos de la Torre will
visit us next time he comes hither. This promise and the
shells we have will be an inspiration to us for years to come.
September 1, 1926.
THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE SUPERSPECIFIC GROUPS OF CORBULA
IN THE LOWER MIOCENE OF FLORIDA
BY JULIA GARDNER
Bruguiere in 1798 published in the Encyclopedic Methodique,
a plate of eighteen figures which he headed Corhda. He used
no specific names but his figures have been identified as follows:
^ Published by permission of the Director U. S. Geol. Survey.
"Bruguiere, J. G.: Tableau EncyclopMique et Methodique, Paris, 1797,
1798.
s9 < ■
42
THE NAUTILUS.
la-c. — Corhula sulcata Lamarck (=Corbida guineensis Muhl-
feldt).
2a-c. — An indeterminate bivalve, probably a Chama.
3a-c, — Corhula porcina Lamarck. Not identified with assur-
ance. Possibly a varietal form of C. gibha (Olivi) from the
Mediterranean; more probably an exotic, cf. C. acutangula Issel,
from the Red Sea, ^
4a-d. — Corhula nucleus Lamarck (=^Corhula gihha [Olivi]).
Recent on the west coast of Europe and in the Mediterranean;
Tertiaries of southern Europe.
5a-c. — Corhula gallica Lamarck. Eocene of the Paris Basin.
6a-b. — Corhula margaritacea Lamarck (=Anatina trapezoides
Lamarck).
Lamarck determined most of the species on the original plate
but cited no type. There is a reference to the plate in the Pro-
drome,* 1799, but no species is mentioned. The first specific
list which appeared in the Systeme,^ 1801, included Corhula
sulcata, Corhula laevigata, Corhula margaritacea, Corhula gallica
and Corhula striata. Corhula nucleus was added in 1818 in the
Histoire Naturelle.* There is apparently no record of the selec-
tion of a type before the anonymous publication of Lamarck's
Genera of Shells in 1822. This publication was later fixed
upon Children and in it, he definitely designated Corhula nucleus
Lamarck {^^^Corbula gihha [Olivi]) as the type of the genus.*
This is at variance with the common usage and involves a
realignment of the super-specific groups. The long synonymy
of Corhula gihha testifies to its wide range and great variability.
The type of the species according to Bucquoy, Dautzenberg and
* Bucquoy, E., Dautzenberg, Ph., Dollfus, Gustave F. : Mollusques marins
du Eoussillon, vol. 2, pp. 582, 587, 1896.
^Lamarck, J. B. : Memoires Societe d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris : Prodrome
d'une Nouvelle Classification des Coquilles, p. 89, 1799.
'Lamarck, J. B. : Syst^me des Animaux sans Vertebres, p. 137, 1801.
* Lamarck, J. B. : Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, vol. 5,
p. 496, 1818.
° Children, J. G.: Quart. Jour. Sci. Lit. and Art, Eoy. Inst., vol. xiv, p.
301, 1822.
THE NAUTILUS. 43
Dollfus probably came from the Adriatic. The Mediterranean
shells, as a rule, are not so large as those from the British
waters. The species is characterized by the unequal, discrep-
antly sculptured valves; the right valve, the larger, relatively
higher and more trigonal in outline, obtusely rostrate poster-
iorly, concentrically rugose; the left valve smaller, transversely
elongate, not rostrate posteriori}', with a sparse and irregular
radial lineation and the concentric sculpture restricted largely
to the ventral area. These are the characters which, at least in
the East Coast Tertiary and Recent faunas, have been com-
monly associated with Aloidis. Cossmann, Gray, and some of
the other Europeans have included such forms under Agina
Turton,' and have cited as the type of Agina, Mya insequivalvis
Montagu { = Corbida gibba [Olivi]). Agina., however, is mono-
typic and the type, Mya purpurea Montagu, is a Saxicava, prob-
ably S. arctica (Linnaeus), so that Agina falls into the synonymy
of Saxicava rather than of Corbula.
Aloidis Muhlfeldt' is also monotypic. The type, Corbula
sulcata Lamarck, a recent shell from the coast of Senegal (figs.
]a-c on Bruguiere's original plate), has been considered by
Gray,' Fischer,* Cossmann,* Bucquoy, Dautzenberg and Doll-
fuz, Woodring,® and others as the type of the genus Corbula.
The species is not represented in the collections of the U. S.
National Museum, but through the courtesy of the Academy of
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, the loan of good adult material
has been obtained. The shell is large and coarse, the altitude
^Turton, Wru. : Conchylia iDsularum Britannicarum, Dithyra, p, 54, 1822.
"Muhlfeldt, Megerle von: Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschende
Freunde, 5 Jahr., Entwickelung eines neuen System der Sclialthiergehaiise,
p. 67, 1811.
^Gray, J. E. : Proc. Zoological Society, London, vol. xv, p. 191, 1847.
* Fischer, Paul : Manuel de Concliyliologie et de Paleontologie Conchyliolo-
gique, p. 1123, 1887.
^Cossmann, M.: Catalogue Illustre des Coquilles Fossiles de TEocene des
Environs de Paris, App. 5, p. 15, 1913.
^Woodring, W. P.: Contributions to the Geology and Paleontology of the
West Indies, Miocene Mollusks from Bowden, Jamaica : Carnegie Publica-
tion No. 866, p. 185, 1925.
44 THE NAUTILUS.
of the right valve is 19.0 millimeters, the latitude 25.0 milli-
meters, the altitude of the left valve 15.5 millimeters, the lati-
tude 23.0 millimeters, the diameter of the double valves 15.5
millimeters. The posterior keel is very sharp and defined pos-
teriorly by a deep sulcus which persists from the nepionic shell
to the margin. Both valves are coarsely rugose, the sculpture
upon the right valve heavier than upon the left. Radial sculp-
ture is absent upon the conch. The tips of the umbones are
conspicuously capped by the nepionic valves which differ from
the adult to a remarkable degree. They are nearly equivalve,
compressed, acutely rostrate posteriorly, and similarly sculp-
tured with concentric rugae which strengthen toward the ventral
margin. These are characters which suggest the Cuneocorbida
of common parlance rather than Aloidis. As a matter of fact,
there are no East American shells sufficiently close to the large,
coarse, Senegalese shell to suggest the representation of the C.
sulcata group in East American waters either in Tertiary or in
Recent times. The species formerly referred to Aloidis by
American conchologists are included under Corbula. s. s.
Caestocorbida Vincent,^ t^'pe Corbula henckeliusi Nyst, is also a
synonym of Corbula s. s. Caestocorbida was founded upon the
supposed presence of a siphonal plate. The nature of the plate
and the mode of attachment are not obvious from the descrip-
tion or the figure, but the plate is either quite foreign to the
shell or a fortuitous character resulting possibly from some of
the peculiar breakage phenomena that the Corbulae occasion-
all}' show.
Cnneocorbula^ was erected by Cossman to include transversely
elongated birostrate shells headed by Corbula biangidata Des-
hayes (Eocene of the Paris Basin) as the type of the subgenus.
Corbxda biangidata is a small thin shell, much produced poster-
iorly, strongly bicarinate, feebly and irregularly sculptured and
with little more than generic characters to ally it with the forms
with which it has been commonly associated by most of the
^Vincent, E.: Annales de la Societe Koyale Zoologique et Malacologique,
vol. 44, p. Ml, 1910.
^Cossman, M.: Catalogue Illustre des Coquilles Fossiles de I'Eocene des En-
virons de Paris, vol. 1, p. 37, 1886.
THE NAUTILUS. 45
American conchologists. There seems to be no subgenus avail-
able to which these small sub-equivalve, biconvex, transversely
elongate, posteriorly rostrate, concentrically sculptured Cor-
bulae, so common throughout the East Coast and Gulf Terti-
aries and in the Recent East American waters, may be referred.
A new subgenus, Caryocorbula, is proposed below for the ac-
commodation of this group.
Bicorbula Fischer' is monotypic and the type is Corbula
gallica Lamarck. Fischer accepted Corbula sulcata Lamarck as
the type of the genus and established Bicorbula to include the
large, subtrigonal, obtusely or not at all rostrate, and, for the
most part, feebly sculptured shells. An obscure radial linea-
tion is frequently developed on the right valve, more obvious,
as a rule, in the decorticated shell. Dall and others who con-
sidered Corbula gallica as the type of Corbula s. s. could not, of
course, recognize Bicorbula but if Corbula gibba is accepted as
the type of Corbula s. s., Bicorbula must be reinstated.
Boihrocorbula Gabb^ characterized by the deep lunular pit
beneath the beaks, retains its status unchanged. The mono-
type is Corbula viminea Guppy from the Miocene (Bowden
Beds) of Jamaica.
The skeleton of the lower Miocene Corbulse of Florida may
then be defined as follows:
COKBULA s. s.
Aloidis auctores: not Aloidis Miihlfeldt,^ 1811. Agina Tur-
ton,* 1822. Caestocorbula, Vincent,' 1909.
Type. — Corbula gibba (Olivi) Recent on the west Coast of
^ Fischer, Paul : Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paleontologie Conchylio-
logique, p. 1123, 1887.
^Gabb, Wm. M.: Proc. Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, p. 274,
1872.
*Miihlfeldt, Megerle von: Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschende
Freunde, 5 Jahr., Entwickelung eines neuen System der Schalthiergehaiise
p. 67, 1811.
*Turton, Wm.: Conchylia Insularum Britannicarum, Dithyra, p. 54, 1822.
^Vincent, E.: Annales de la Societe Royale Zoologique et Malacologique,
vol. 44, p. 141, 1910.
46 THE NAUTILUS.
Europe and in the Mediterranean; Tertiaries of southern
Europe.
Shell rather small, inequivalvate, inequilateral, discrepantly
sculptured even in the juvenile stages; the right valve, the
larger, relatively higher and more trigonal in outline, obtusely
rostrate posteriorly, concentrically rugose; the left valve smaller,
transversely elongate, not rostrate posteriorl3% with a sparse and
irregular radial lineation and a concentric sculpture restricted
largely to the ventral area.
Caryocorbula, new subgenus.
Cuneocorbula Dall et auctores: not Cuneocorbula Cossman,
1886.
Type. — Corbula alahamienm Isaac Lea. Claiborne Eocene of
the East Coast and Gulf from South Carolina to the Rio Grande.
Shell small or of moderate dimensions; acutely keeled pos-
teriorly; slightly inequivalvate; the right valve a little larger and
a little higher relatively than the left; both valves concentrically
rugose, the sculpture upon the right valve in some species
stronger and more regular than upon the left; a microscopically
fine radial lineation developed in some of the later species, par-
ticularly upon the posterior keel; ligament, dental, muscle and
sinal characters similar to those of Corbula s. s.
Caryocorbula includes the majority of the American species
hitherto assigned to Cuneocorbula. Caryocorbula differs from the
Paris Basin group in the less trigonal shell, not so produced
posteriorly, usually heavier, uni- rather than birostrate and
more strongly sculptured. Caryocorbula is abundantly repre-
sented in the Tertiary and Pleistocene deposits of the East
Coast and Gulf and in the Recent East American waters.
BicoRBULA Fischer.^
Type. — Corbula gallica Lamarck (Eocene of the Paris Basin).
Shell large, inequivalve; the right valve the larger and higher;
the left valve ovate-trigonal in outline; posterior keel obsolete
'Fischer, Paul: Manuel de Conchyliologie et de Paleontologie Conchylio-
logique, p. 1123, 1887.
THE NAUTILUS. 47
or obscure on both valves; concentric sculpture feeble and irreg-
ular; a fortuitous radial lineation frequently developed on the
left valve, most obvious on the decorticated shell; ligament pit
profound; anterior cardinal prominent, the posterior not de-
veloped; an incipient pallial sinus usually developed.
BoTHROCORBULA Gabb.'
Type. — Bothrocorbula viminea Guppy (Miocene of the Bowden
beds of Jamaica).
Shell moderately large and heavy, transversely ovate in out-
line, slightly inequivalve, acutely rostrate posteriorly; a coarse
concentric corrugation and an inconstant radisd striation de-
veloped on both valves; deep lunular depression in front of
the umbones, the characteristic feature of the group; hinge
heavy but otherwise normal.
LAND SHELLS FEOM AROUND FOUL RIFT, DELAWARE RIVER
BY E. G. VANATTA
During July and August, 1925 and 1926, Mr. James B.
Clark collected the following species of land shells along both
sides of a section of the Delaware River known as Foul Rift.
It is interesting to note the presence of Guppya sterkii Dall in
this region, also a specimen of Polygyra tridentata Say with two
parietal teeth.
The following species were taken in Northampton County,
Pennsylvania, near Foul Rift, N. J. :
Polygyra albolabris Say Gastrocopta contrada Say
Polygyra thyroides Say Gastrocopta peiitodon Say
Polygyra tridentata juxtidens Gastrocopta corticaria Say
Pils. Vertigo gouldi Binn.
Polygyra hirsuta Say Cochlicopa lubrica Miill.
Polygyra fraterna Say Polita hammonis Strotn
' Gabb, Wm. M. : Proc. Academy Natural Sciences Philadelpliia, p. 274,
1872.
48
THE NAUTILUS.
Polita indentata Say
Euconulus fulvus Drap,
Guppya sterkii Dall
Pseudohyalina minuscula
Binn,
Zonitoides arborea Say
Gastrodonta suppressa Say
Anguispira alternata Say
Helicodiscus parallelus Say
Punctum pygmseum Drap.
Succinea ovalis Say
Carychium exile Lea.
At Foul Rift, Warren County, New Jersey, Mr. Clark found
the species listed below. The Polygyra albolahris Say from this
place are rather small.
Polygyra albolahris Say
Polygyra thyroides Say
Polygyra tridentata juxtidens
Pils.
Polygyra hirsuta Say
Polygyra fraterna Say
Gastrocopta arinifera Say
Gastrocopta contracta Say
Gastrocopta pentodon Say
Omphalina cuprea Raf.
Euconulus falvus Drap.
Guppya sterkii Dall
Pseudohyalina minusc ula
Binn.
Zonitoides arborea Say
Striatura milium Morse
Anguispira alternata Say
Helicodiscus parallelus Say
Punctum pygmseum Drap.
Succinea avara Say
Succinea retusa Lea var.
Carychium, exile Lea.
On Scott's Mountain, Pohatcong Mountains, Warren County,
New Jersey (about 9 miles S. S.-E. of Belvidere) the following
forms were collected:
Polygyra albolahris Say
Polygyra thyroides Say
Polygyra tridentata juxtidens
Pils.
Polygyra hirsuta Say
Polygyra fraterna Say
Gastrodonta suppressa Say
Polita hammonis Strom
Polita indentata Say
Zonitoides arborea Say
Striatura milium Morse
Punctum pygmseum Drap
Carychium exile Lea.
THE NAUTILUS. 49
FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA FROM WHITE LAKE, OAKLAND COUNTY,
MICHIGAN 1
BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER
During July and a part of August, 1925, the writer spent his
vacation on the little lake which lies west of the center of Oak-
land Co., about 15 miles west of Pontiac and 30 miles north-
west of Detroit. The lake is one of the many glacial lakes so
abundant in this county. It is about one and one-half miles
long and three-quarters of a mile wide and has a maximum
depth of 28 feet. There are two islands with woodlands, rather
high above the surface, one at each end of the lake, and several
shoal islands in the center which will sooner or later form one
atoll-shaped island with a pool in the center. As this land has
apparently not received a name I have christened it Pauline's
Island, after my niece who assisted in making collections. The
shores are rocky, with sand and gravel bottom in the exposed
situations. Behind bars and points, which are numerous, the
habitat is swampy and the bottom of mud. White Lake at
present has no outlet, the water level having fallen below the
old natural outlet, which is now built up with cottages and is
called English Beach. To the east of the lake there is a dead
lake which was once a third the area of White Lake. It was
completely dry in July and August, 1925, the bottom being
paved with dead shells. This lake and White Lake once had
a common outlet to the south into the Huron River. The eco-
logical features of the fauna and lake will be considered in more
detail in another paper. As there will be some delay in the
publication of that paper it may be of value to publish a list of
the species collected in White Lake and vicinity, several being
new records for this section of the state and one probably new
record for the state.
* Contribution from the Museum of Natural History, University of Illinois,
No. 38.
50
THE NAUTILUS.
Species from White Lake
Lampsilis siliquoidea rosacea
(DeKay).
Strophitus rugosiis rhombicus
(Anthony).
Anodonta grandis footiana Lea.
Anodonta marginata Say.
Sphaerium simile Say).
Sphaerium acuminatum
(Prime).
Musculium rosaceum (Prime).
Musculium securis (Prime).
Musculium truncatuni angus-
tatum Sterki.
Pisidium compressum Prime.
Pisidium adamsi Prime.
Pisidium medianum Sterki.
Pisidium scutellatum Sterki.
Pisidium rotundatum Prime.
Pisidium variabile Prime.
Pisidium tenuissimum Sterki.
Valvnta tricarinata simplex
Gould.
Valvata lewisii Currier.
Amnicola limosa pornta (Say).
Amnicola oneida Pilsbry.
Amnicola walkeri Pilsbry.
Campeloma. milesii ( Lea ) .
Pseudosuccinea columella (Say).
Galha modicella (Say).
Galba exigua (Lea).
Helisoma antrosa unicarinata
(Haldeman).
Helisoma pseudotrivolvis
(Baker).
Helisoma campanulata (Say).
Gyraulus piarvus (Sa}^.
Menetus exacuous (Say).
Physa sayii Tappan.
Of the above, Sphaerium acuminatum is said by Sterki to be
a distinct form but whether an extreme case of variation or a
recognizable variety cannot at present be determined. Mus-
cxdium truncatum angustatum appears to be the lake manifesta-
tion of truncatum. Amnicola oneida is the first published record
for Michigan. The specimens have been compared with type
material from Oneida Lake, N. Y. Campeloma milesii has been
verified by Walker. Helisoma pseudotrivolvis occurred in
swampy or quiet water habitats behind bars, where vegetation
was abundant and the bottom of soft mud. This species differs
from trivolvis in both genitalia and radula.
Dry lake east of White Lake. As already stated, this lake
bed is dry and the bottom will soon be meadow land. It is
bordered by Typha and the bottom is covered with the large
leaves of the yellow lily, Nymphaea, indicating that the water
table is at present not far below the surface. Eight species
were found on the dry bottom, three of which did not occur in
White Lake. These are marked with an * in the list.
THE NAUTILUS. 51
Pisidium subrotundum concin- Helisoma antrosa unicarinata
nulum Sierki.^ (Hald.).
Musculium rosaceum (Prime). Helisoma campanulata rudentis
Musculium seairis (Prime). (Dall).*
Galbaparva (Lea).* Physa sayii Tappan.
Menetus exacuous (Say).
Rudentis is like specimens from Canada and from other parts
of Michigan. It is an interesting fact that typical campanulata
inhabits White Lake while rudentis was found only in this ex-
tinct lake. The form may be an ecological one, the habitats irk
Wisconsin pointing in the same direction.
Wood-land pool in kettle hole in woods east of White Lake.
This pool is in a deep depression and is overgrown with button-
bush. The water in August was but a foot deep in the deepest
part and the bottom consisted of soft, sticky mud. Two species
were abundant.
Musculium truncatum (Linsley). Pisidium streatori Sterki.
In a tamarack swamp south of White Lake there are many
summer-dry pools containing sometimes a few inches of water
in summer. In these, three species were abundant.
Sphaerium occidentale (Prime). Planorbula armigera (Say).
Aplexa hypnorum (Linn. )
In a small stream flowing through the swamp a form of
Physa was found believed to be gyrina but not of the hildre-
thiana form. The stream was never dry and was quite a size-
able brook in the wet season.
In a small brook at the foot of the hill east of the village of
Highland a number of mollusks occurred. This is a cold, clear
stream of small size, filled with vegetation, the bottom varying
from mud to sand, the water shallow.
Sphaerium stamineum (Con. ) Pisidium subrotundum concin-
Campeloma rufum (Haldeman) nidum Sterki
Physa michiganensis Clench.
The outlet of Grass Lake is a cold stream which has cut a
bed three or four feet below the level of the adjacent land. The
bottom is usually hard sand or gravel, silty in places. The
52 THE NAUTILUS.
current is moderately swift and the water varies from a foot to
about three feet in depth. It drains into the Huron River.
Pisidium subrotundum concin- Sphaerhmi striatinum (Lam.)
nulum Sterki Galba exigua (Lea)
Pisidium neglectum Sterki Physa michiganensis Clench
The Pisidium concinnulum of the streams is said b)^ Sterki to
be different from the form found in the dry lake. They are
much smaller. This is no doubt true, because a species or
variety would scarcely be identical living in two such habitats
as a cold, rapid brook and a shallow, quiet lake.
M}'- thanks are due Dr. V. Sterki for the identifications and
notes on the Sphaeriidae, Dr. Bryant Walker for assistance in
determining the Campeloma and Unionidae, and Dr. Samuel
Henshaw, Director Museum of Comparative Zoology, for loan-
ing material in the Anthony collection in that institution.
NOTE ON DONAX CONRADI DESHAYES
BY J. R. LE B. TOMLIN
One of the common species of Donax on the Californian coast
is usuall}'^ known, so I gather from recent literature, as D. con-
radi Deshayes. I showed Mrs. Oldroyd the types of this
species a few weeks ago and she was inclined (from memory
only) to doubt whether it is the shell called conradi in Cali-
fornia. However that may be, the object of the present note is
to point out that there is an earlier name than conradi to be
used,
D. conradi was described in Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1854,
p. 351, but the part was not actually published until May 16,
1855, and meanwhile Reeve had begun the issue of his mono-
graph of Donax in vol. VIII of the " Conchologia Iconica."
I have before me the types of conradi Desh. and contusus
Reeve — the latter described and figured on pi. IV, species and
fig. 24, Sept., 1854 — and they unquestionably belong to the
same species.
THE NAUTILUS. 53
Owing to the tardy publication of the P, Z. S, in the first
half of the fifties this fate has unfortunately befallen many of
Deshayes' new names. I have already pointed out their whole-
sale massacre in the Mactridae.^
Two other species of Donnx, described bj' Reeve from the
Hanley collection, are also synonymous with contusus: the
types of both are also before me — they are:
D. vellicatus Reeve, pi. ix, sp. and fig. 66 and D. bitinctus
Reeve, pi. ix, sp. and fig. 68, both dating from June, 1855.
It may be noted that Reeve erroneously gives his specific
names in Bonax the feminine gender, the word 86va$ being
masculine.
PKELIMINARY LIST OF THE MOLLUSCA OF JASPER PARK, ALBERTA
BY ALAN MOZLEY
University of Manitoba
The molluscs listed below were collected in Jasper National
Park, Alberta, during the summer of 1925. This area is situ-
ated at about 53° N. Lat. and 118° W. Long, and is thus in
the Rocky Mountains about three hundred miles north of the
International Boundary. The elevation of the area collected
over is between 3000 and 7000 feet and the lakes and streams
examined all belong to the Mackenzie River drainage system.
The life- zones present in this district are the Canadian, Hud-
sonian and Arctic Alpine, the tree line being as low as 6500
feet. The Transition Zone apparently does not occur, even in
the bottoms of the valleys. Three terrestrial species were found
within the Arctic Alpine, namely, Eaconulus chersinus poly-
gyratus Pils., Vitrina liwpida Gould, and Gonyodiscus cronkhitei
anthonyi Pils. These species, however, are by no means con-
fined to this zone. The only previous mollusc records from
this northern district are those of Baker (Bull. Amer. Mus.
' Journ. of Conch., xvii, p. 134.
54 THE NAUTILUS.
Nat. Hist., Vol. XIII, pp. 527-539) from Brazeau^ River and
Lake, Alberta, which is in the Hudson Bay drainage. Con-
siderable information relating to the habitat preferences and
other phases of the ecology of these forms was collected, but is
reserved for a future paper after additional observations have
been made. It is thought that as no collecting has been done
previously in this area of the Mackenzie basin in the mountains
the present list is worthy of placing on record. I am indebted
to Drs. Bryant Walker, Victor Sterki and F. C. Baker for aid
in the determination of this material.
Gastropoda
Family Pupillidae
Vertigo modesta (Say). Signal Mountain, 4000 feet; near
Cabin Creek.
Vertigo ovata Say. Lake between Patricia and Pyramid
Lakes; near Hibernia Lake.
Columella alticola (Ing. ). Signal Mountain, 4000 feet.
Family Zonitidae
Vitrina limpida Gould. Signal Mountain, 6700-7000 feet;
north of Mount Edith Cavell, 6600 feet; creek from Lake
Marjorie.
Folita hammonis (Strom.). Cabin Creek; creek from Lake
Marjorie.
Folita binneyana (Morse). Creek from Lake Marjorie,
Euconulus chersinus polygyratus Pils. Cabin Creek; Signal
Mountain, at 4000 feet, and within Arctic Alpine at 6700-7000
feet; Caledonia Creek.
Zo7iitoides arborea (Say). Unnamed lake one mile directly
north of Geikie, Alta.
Family Endodontidae
Gonyodiscus cronJchitei anthonyi Pils. Creek from Lake Mar-
jorie; Signal Mountain, 4000 feet, and 6700-7000 feet; Cabin
Creek; near Geikie.
'In Baker's paper the locality was given as "Brazean"; Mr. Baker in-
forms me that this was a typographical error, the shells actually being from
Brazeau Kiver and Lake.
THE NAUTILUS. 55
Family Succineidae
Succinea retusa Lea. Unnamed lake north of Geikie.
Succinea avara Say. Unnamed lake north of Geikie.
Succinea vermata Say. Near Lake Edith; unnamed lake north
of Geikie.
Family Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea stagnalis appressa Say. Lakes Marjorie, Pyramid,
Mildred, Wabasso.
* Lymnaea emarginata canadensis Sow. Lake Edith; Twin
Lake, near Medicine; Lake between Patricia and Pyramid
Lakes.
^Lymnaea trasJcii Try on. Twin, Wabasso, Edith and Maligna
Lakes.
Lymnaea obrussa decampi St. Lakes Edith, Caledonia, Mil-
dred. In stomach of a Dolly Varden trout (Salvelinus parkei
Suck.) from Jacques Lake.
^Lymnaea parva sterkii Baker. Creek running from Jacques
Lake.
^Lymnaea dalli Baker. Lake between Patricia and Pyramid
Lakes; unnamed lake north of Geikie.
Family Planorbidae
Planorbis exacuous Say. Lakes Hibernia, Marjorie, Iris and
"the larger Trefoil Lake. Unnamed lake north of Geikie.
Planorbis hirsutus Gould. Lake between Patricia and Pyra-
mid Lakes.
Planorbis parvus Say. Lakes Hibernia, Mildred, Patricia,
Edith, Annette, Wabasso, Pyramid, and the larger Trefoil
Lake. In stomach of Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus Gibb. )
from Wabasso Lake.
^Planorbis crista Linne. Virl and the smaller Trefoil Lakes.
Family Physidae
Physa heterostropha Say. Lakes Edith, Annette, Virl, Doro-
thy, Caledonia, Mildred, Pyramid.
Physa gyriaa Say. Lakes Marjorie and Mildred.
Physa sp. Wabasso Lake, in stomach of Rainbow trout
(Salmo irideus Gibb.).
66 THE NAUTILUS.
Family Ancylidae
^Ancylus hendersoni Walker. Lake Iris, altitude 4285 feet.
Family Valvatidae
Valvata lewisi Curr. Hibernia, Mildred, and Patricia Lakes..
Pelecypoda
Family Sphaeriidae
Pisidium com'pressum Prime. Unnamed lake north of Geikie.
^Pisidium variabile brevis St. Lakes Caledonia and Hibernia.
Pisidium scutellatum St. Lake Patricia.
^Pisidium roperi St. Lake between Patricia and Pyramid
Lakes.
^Piddium ienuissinium Prime. Edith and the larger Trefoil
Lake. Unnamed lake north of Geikie.
^Pisidium rotundatum Prime. Larger Trefoil Lake; lake be-
tween Patricia and Pyramid Lakes.
Those species marked with an asterisk are recorded for the
first time from the Mackenzie River drainage. The discovery
of Ancylus hendersoni Walker, in this region is of some interest,
since this genus, in its modern usage, has only once been re-
corded from the North American continent. The previous
record being from Eldora Lake, Boulder Co., Colo. (Occ.
Papers, Mus. Zool., Univ. Mich., No. 165, 1925.) Dr. Walker
very kindl}' identified this species for me.
SOME MOLLUSKS FROM WESTERN CANADA
BY ALAN MOZLEY
University of Manitoba
In the course of an investigation into the constitution, origin
and ecology of the mollusk fauna of the northern part of North
America, a list was made of the species in my collection from
the Transition life-zone. Since this list includes a number of
species which have never been recorded from this region, con-
siderably extends the known distribution of others, and gives
THE NAUTILUS. 57
precise localities of ecological value, it has been thought worth
while to publish it. The collecting was done wholly within the
Hudson Bay drainage. A number of species are recorded from
Indian Bay station, Manitoba. This is situated on the extreme
eastern boundary of the Transition Zone, and a number of
eastern and northern species occur at this point.
As is well known the Transition Zone includes southwestern
Manitoba and a large part of central Saskatchewan and Alberta,
This is a flat plain, having no outcrops of bedrock, such as
characterize the Canadian Zone to the east. As a result of the
conformation of the land, what lakes are now in existence are
shallow. Lake Winnipeg, the largest lake in the region, is
about two hundred and fifty miles in length. Grand Beach,
Victoria Beach, and Matlock, where some collecting was done,
are situated on the southern shore of this lake. In addition
there are numerous other standing bodies of water, including
sloughs and pond-like lakes, the northern end of Pelican Lake,
Ninette and Jackfish Lake (Township 18, Range 8 east of the
Principal meridian) belong to the latter type. The rivers of
this region are usually of a slow meandering type. As regards
the vegetation, this is an area of transition between the north-
ern forested region and the dry southern plains. The forest
cover is typically deciduous poplar (P. tremuloides) predom-
inating.
At Indian Bay, Manitoba (also called \\'augh), an efiPort was
made to obtain a sample of the mollusk fauna from as many
terrestrial habitats as possible. The results seem to show that,
in this district at least, the local distribution of the terrestrial
forms is affected not so much by the character of the forest
cover as by the available moisture. Two small islands in In-
dian Bay were examined, and it is of interest to note that the
larger of the two, about one hundred yards in length, had a
terrestrial mollusk fauna essentially the same as that found on
the mainland. The smaller island was less than half the size
of the other and much dryer, with the result that species hav-
ing some tolerance of comparative dryness, particularly VnUonia
costata Miill, predominated.
For simplicity in this preliminary list, the classification used
58 THE NAUTILUS.
by Dall (1) has been adopted with certain modifications. Nevr
records for each province are indicated by an asterisk. I am
indebted to Drs. Bryant Walker, Victor Sterki and P. C. Baker
for aid in the determination of many of these shells, and to
Miss Ruby Bere and Mr, R. D, Bird for the collection of certain
shells.
Gastropoda
Family Helicid^
Vallonia costata (Miill). Manitoba: Indian Bay station; St,
Vital; Selkirk; Treesbank; Ninnette, in the Tiger Hills, and
along the shores of Pelican Lake; Benlah Birtle.
*Saskatchewan: Theodore, shore of Whitesand River. *A1-
berta: Edmonton.
Family Pupillid.e
Vertigo gouldii (Binney). *Alta: Edmonton, willow habitat
south of Saskatchewan River.
Family Cochlicopid^-
Cochliopa lubrica (Mull.). Man.: Indian Bay station; Win-
nipeg; between Navin and St. Vital; Grand Beach; Birds Hill;
Treesbank; Ninette; Birtle.
Family Zonitidae
Vitrina limpida Gould. Man.: Indian Bay station; Aweme.
Vitrea hammonis (Strom). Man. : Ninnette.
Euconulusfulvus(Draii.). *Alberta: Edmonton.
Zonitoides vitida {MuW.). Man.: Birtle.
Zonitoides arborea (Say). Man.: Indian Bay station; Nin-
nette. Alta. : Edmonton.
Zonitoides exigua {Stim]).). *Man. : Ninnette.
Family Endodontidae
Pyrnnidida cronkhitei anthonyi Pils. Man. : Indian Bay
station; St. Vital; Birds Hill; Grand Beach; Treesbank; Nin-
nette; Birtle. Alta.: Edmonton.
Punctum pygmneum (Drap. ). *Alta. : Edmonton, on the
banks of the Saskatchewan River.
THE NAUTILUS. 59
Family Succineidae
Succinea hawkmsii Baird. Man. : Ninnette, near Round
Lake; Birtle.
Succinea avara Say. Man.: Grand Beach; Ninnette; Beulah;
Birtle.
Succinea ovalis Say. Man.: Indian Bay station; Winnipeg;
Selkirk; Grand Beach; Matlock; Aweme; Ninnette; Birtle.
Family Lymnaeidae
Lymnaea stagnalis appr-essa Say. Man.: Indian Bay station;
Winnipeg, Sturgeon Creek; St. Norbert, La Salle R. ; Lockport;
Clandeboye, Muckle Creek; Grand Beach, the Grand Marais;
Jackfish Creek near Jackfish Lake; Victoria Beach; Treesbank;
Souris River; Baldur, slough near Cobbs Lake; Ninnette, marsh
at northern end of Pelican Lake, slough five miles north of
Ninnette; Douglas Lake, near Onah. Sask. : Theodore, Powells
Lake; Ingebright, which is between Swift Current and Medicine
Hat.
Lymnaea coperata Say. Man. : Ninnette, marshy area at
northern end of lake, abundant in hay meadow between Peli-
can and Round Lakes.
Lymnaea umbilicata C. B. Adams. *Man. : Birtle, small marsh
along edge of Birdtail Creek. This species is recorded from the
Hudson Bay drainage for the first time. Determination by
Baker.
Lymnaea parva sterkii Baker. Man. : Birtle, small marsh
along the edge of Birdtail Creek. Recorded from the Hudson
Bay drainage for the first time.
Lymnxa parva Lea variety. Man. : Ninnette, wet portion of
the hay meadow between Round (also known as Square) and
Pelican Lakes.
Lymnsea dalli Baker. *Man. : Victoria Beach. This species
occurs in a number of situations in the marsh on the western
side of the peninsula at the neck. This has only been recorded
twice before from Canada, see Huntsman (2, p. 8) and Mozley
(3).
Lymnxa lanceata Gould. *Man. : Indian Bay station. This
species was abundant in certain portions of a marsh at mile 15,
60
THE NAUTILUS,
G. W. W. D. Ry., containing Typha and the calk lily (Calla
palustris). Recorded from the Hudson Bay drainage for the
first time.
Lymnsea humilis modiocella Qay. Man. : Ninnette, near Round
Lake.
Lymnapa obrussa exigua Lea. Man. : Indian Bay station, on
protected shore in Indian Bay. St. Norbert, La Salle River;
Balsam Bay. creek running into the Grand Marais, two miles
east of Balsam Bay station; Ninnette, near Round Lake, im-
mature, identity somewhat doubtful.
Lymnsea palustris (Mull.). Man.: Indian Bay station, found
in one habitat only, a small stagnant pool; Winnipeg, Catfish
Creek; St. Vital; St. Norbert, La Salle River; Clandeboye,
Muckle Creek; Goldeye Lake, near mouth of Red River; Mat-
lock; Balsam Bay, small pond on creek running into the Grand
Marais, two miles east of Balsam Bay station; Jackfish Lake,
and creek; Steep Rock; Aweme, slough near tamarack swamp;
Ninnette, commonly along marshy shores, Pelican Lk. ; Some
of the Ninnette shells were near blatchleyi Baker. Sask. :
Theodore, Whitesand River. Alta. : Edmonton, abundant in
sloughs south of Edmonton.
Lyynnsea vehlii "Beck" Moll. *Man. : Victoria Beach.
Small shallow Bay on shore of Traverse Bay, one mile south of
Elk Island; Ninnette, in the somewhat more open portions of
the marsh at the northern end of Pelican Lake; identity some-
what doubtful; Birtle, Birdtail Creek, some of these specimens
were near ping elii "Beck" Moll.
Lymnsea vahlii arctica Lea. * Man. : Grand Beach.
Lymnsea catascopium Say. Man. : Victoria Beach, abundant
on an exposed boulder shore on the northwest side of the pen-
insula.
Lymna emarginaia Say. Man. : Victoria Beach.
Family Planorbidae
Planorhis antrosus Conrad. Man. : Birtle, Birdtail Creek,
some shells approaching portagensis Baker.
Planorhis antrosus striatas Baker. * Man. : Indian Bay station,
Falcon Bay.
THE NAUTILUS. 61
Planorbis campanulatus variety. Man.: Indian Bay station;
Falcon Bay, amid a thick bed of Zizania and Utricularia; Snake
Lake, on Zizania. These shells belong to a new variety shortly
to be described by Miss M. L. Winslow of the Museum of
Zoology, University of Michigan.
Planorbis exacuous Say. Man. : Indian Bay station, Falcon
Bay, Snake Lake; Grand Beach; Douglass Lake near Carberry.
Planorbis hirsutus Gould. Man. : Indian Bay station, Falcon
Ba}^ among Zizania and Utricularia; Jackfish Creek near Jack-
fish Lake; Victoria Beach marsh at the neck of the peninsula.
Planorbis defledus Say. *Man, : Jackfish Lake; Victoria
Beach, pond in interior of the peninsula.
Planorbis parvus Sry. Man.: Indian Bay station; St. Nor-
bert. La Salle River; Red River, below Selkirk; Goldeye Lake,
southeast of Netley; Muckle Creek, near Clandeboye; Treesbank;
Souris River; Douglas Lake, near Onah; Victoria Beach; Balsam
Bay, creek running into the Grand Marais, two miles east of
Balsam Bay station; Jackfish Creek, near Jackfish Lake;
Ninnette, Pelican Lake. Sask. : Theodore, Whitesand River.
Alta. : Edmonton, sloughs south of this city.
Planorbis umbilicatellus Cockerell. Man. : St. Vital.
Segmentina armigera Say. Man. : Grand Beach, the Grand
Marais; Ninnette, northern end of Pelican Lake. The previous
records of this species from Manitoba must be treated as doubt-
ful, as they may refer to the more recently described crassilabris
Walker.
Segmentina christyi Da.\\. Man.: Beulah, Wade's slough.
Segmentina crassilabris Walker. Man. : Arnaud; Balsam Bay,
email pond in creek running into the Grand Marais, two miles
east of Balsam Bay station.
Family Physidae
Physa helerostropha Say. Man. : Winnipeg, Sturgeon Creek.
Physa gyrina Say. Man. : Ninnette, the dominant mollusk
among the dense growth of Potamogeton throughout the north-
ern end of Pelican Lake.
Physa gyrina hildrethiana Lea. *Man. : Winnipeg, Catfish
Creek.
62 THE NAUTILUS.
Physa Integra Hale. Man.: Clandeboye, Muckle Creek;
Grand Beach, the Grand Marais; Victoria Beach; Birtle, Bird-
tail Creek.
Family Ancylidae
Ferrissia rivularis Say. Man. : Birtle, Birdtail Creek.
Family Auriculidae
Carychium exile H. C. Lea. Man. : Ninnette.
Family Valvatidae
Valvata tricarinata Say. Man. : St. Norbert, La Salle River;
Clandeboye, Muckle Creek; Victoria Beach; Treesbank, Souris
River. Sask. : Theodore, Whitesand River.
Pelecypoda
Family Sphaeriidae
Sphaerium sulcatum Lam. * Sask. : Theodore, Whitesand
River.
Sphaerium acuminatum Prime. * Man. : Victoria Beach.
Sphaerium tenue Prime. Man. : Victoria Beach, small shallow
inlet on the shore of Traverse Bay, one mile from Elk Island.
Sterki (4, p. 438) apparently does not consider the records
quoted by Dall (1, p. 189) sufficiently authenticated to consider.
Musculium transversum Prime. Man. : IMatlock.
Musculium truncatum Linsle}'. Man. : Victoria Beach, marsh
at mile 68.8.
Musculium ryckholti Normand. * Man. : Victoria Beach, marsh
at mile 68.8; Ninnette, slough one mile northeast of Ninnette
Sanitorium.
Pisidium compressum Prime. * Man. : Birtle, Birdtail Creek.
* Sask. : Theodore, Whitesand River.
Pisidium fallax Si. *Sask. : Theodore, Whitesand River.
Pisidium. roperi St. Man. : Victoria Beach, marsh at mile
68.8. Sterki (4, p. 458) records this species from " Manitoba "
but fails to state any precise localitj^
Pisidium suhrotundum Sterki. * Man. : Ninnette, slough one
mile north of Ninnette Sanitorium.
the nautilus. 63
List of References
1. Dall, W. H. Harriman A.laska Expedition, XIII, Land
and Fresh Water Mollusks, 1905.
2. Huntsman, A. G. The Quill Lakes of Saskatchewan and
their Fishery Possibilities. Contributions to Canadian Biology,
N. S., Vol. 1, No. 9.
3. Mozley, Alan. Preliminary List of the Mollusca of Jasper
Park. Nautilus, Oct., 1926.
4. Sterki, Victor. A Preliminary Catalogue of the North
American Sphseriidse. Ann. Carnegie Mus. X, 1916.
CORRESPONDENCE FROM MEXICO
After a week of good collecting at Cordova, Dr. H. Burring-
ton Baker proceeded to Necaxa in the State of Puebla where he
made his headquarters at the plant of the Mexican Light and
Power Co. Here he was laid up for a time.
' ' Before indulging in my rest, I pressed the snails rather
hard for four weeks, so have a pretty fair series of samples of
the fauna around Necaxa, although I would have liked to get
in more than one day at my lowest level, 675 meters (2230 ft. ).
The mesa of Necaxa with the residences of the officials and the
club is at about 1360 meters (4490 ft.), while the hills nearby
go up quite rapidly to 1725 meters (5700 ft.). Just opposite
the mesa, the remnants of the dammed Rio Necaxa takes two
jumps in order to reach a level of about 900 meters (2970 ft.).
The narrow gauge railway from Beristain only runs once a week
so could not use it much, but an inclined railroad drops from
the mesa down to the bottom of the falls several times a day, so
I got in quite a lot of work between 800 and 1700 meters. The
mesa and its surroundings are basalt, but the hills and the
lower canons (below the basalt) are highly metamorphosed
shales and dirty limestones.
I feel fairly sure of the following genera from around Necaxa;
I think I sent you a list of those caught at Cordoba.
Helicina, 3 or 4 species.
Schasicheila at least 2 species.
Aperostoma (Habropoma auct. ), a beautiful little species less
than half the size of A. salleanum.
64 THE NAUTILUS.
Physa was the only fresh-water shell seen. The big streams
were in flood and opaque; small streams with nothing but cad-
disfly larva3.
Carychimn, the most abundant shell.
Strobilops, lots of them.
Pupisoma abundant; either 2 species or 2 genera (Acanthi-
nula).
Pupillidae, three toothed species, I think.
Caecilioides and maybe Coilostele.
Punctum (?) Sure looks like it under hand lens.
Radiodiscus, was on tree trunks; also a little red species that
I cannot place as to genus.
Pycnogyra, plenty.
Microconus, not surely recognized on account of low power of
lens. Got a conical shell that looks something like it but is all
hairy.
Oynphalina, ss., only dead shells, but 2 or 3 nice and fresh.
Patulopsis, quite a lot, some with animal.
Pseiidohyalina, miscellaneous hundreds.
Polita, something like rhoadsi, etc.
Eabroconus, plenty — 2 species on leaves but one may be an-
other genus.
Euconulus, miscellaneous hundreds.
Gu'p'pya, abundant.
Agriolimax was found on the mesa.
Limax was brought me to-day by my doctor from Huachi-
nango.
Philomycus, three or four quite sizable specimens besides
young.
Oj)eas, apparently quite a variety.
Leptinaria, plenty of adult.
Pseudosubulina and Spiraxis, scads of them.
Streptodyla s. s. Lots of nice big, fresh shells but only one
young one alive. Wh}^ ?
Streptostyla (nicoletl grouji). One specimen of what I think
is a new species.
Streptostyla (s-g.?) Funny-looking shell, plenty of them alive.
Salasiella, not infrequent.
THE NAUTILUS. 65
Euglandina, a few specimens of one of the small glassy sec-
tions.
Practicolella, quite good set.
Folygyra, infrequent, but must have quite a few.
Trichodisdna with animal, I think 2 species.
Thysanophora, T. plagioptycha at least recognized, on ferns
about a foot above ground.
Dryviaeus, only two species.
Coelocentrum, two species, I think.
I wrote you that I spotted F. & C.'s type locality of Lysinoe
humboldtiana and found a nice electric line that goes right close
by. Spent an hour at La Vesta in a torrential rainstorm and
got a number of specimens of a big Drymaeus, but did not get
out to El Desierto, I hope to be enough recuperated by the
higher, drier climate of Mexico City so that I can get in some
good work. I am also going to make another try for Leptarionta
guillarmodi and Ceres at Cordoba if I can. I will leave Vera
Cruz Sept. 11, which will get me into Philadelphia about the
20th. Hoping to see you in about a month, I remain,
Yours truly,
Horace B. Baker.
Care of Mexican Light & Power Co.,
Necaxa, Estado Puebla,
Ee. Un. Mexico."
SOME NOTES AND A LIST OF SHELLS OF RIO, KENTUCKY
BY WILLIAM J. CLENCH
( Concluded from p. 12)
The following is a complete list of the species obtained at
Rio. Where the year is noted it designates that the species
was only taken at that time. Where no yearly citation appears,
the species was collected both years. This only applies to the
Unionidae and Pleuroceridae, as little or no time was spent in
1925 for land shells.
66
THE NAUTILUS.
I am under great obligation to Dr. Walker, Dr. Ortmann and
Mr. Calvin Goodrich, who have identified most of the material.
Glenbrook Spring
Lymnaea humilis modicella
(Say)
Physa microstoma Hald.
Goniobasis laqueata Say
* * >i<
About the Spring
Polygyra plicata Say
" tridentata (Say)
" inflecta (Say)
" albolabris (Say)
" zaleta (Binn)
" appressa (Say)
" thyroides (Say)
" stenotrema (Fer.)
Gastrocopta armifera Say
Mesophix laevigata Pfr.
Vitrea indentata Say
" capsella (Gld. )
Gastrodonta ligera (Say)
* * *
Green River, at Toll bridge
Campeloma integrum (Say) ?
Pleurocera undulatum Say
Lithasia obovata Say
Lampsilis anodontoides (Lea)
1924
Proptera alata (Say) 1924
'^ ^ 'T^
Green River on the Shoals
Goniobasis curreyana Lea
Quadrula pustulosa Lea
" metanevra wardi
(Lea)
Tritogonia verrucosa (Raf.)
Cyclonaias tuberculatus Raf.
Pleurobema cordatum (Raf.)
1925
Pleurobema cordatum coccinea
(Conr.) 1925
Pleurobema cordatum catillus
(Conr.) 1925
Amblema costata Raf.
Fusconaia subrotunda (Lea)
Fusconaia subrotunda kirt-
landiana (Lea)
Fusconaia ebena (Lea) 1924
flava (Raf.)
Megalonaias gigantea (Barnes)
1925
Elliptio crassidens (Lam)
" dilatatus (Raf. )
Lastena lata (Raf.) 1925
Lasmigona costata (Raf.)
Alasmidonta marginata (Say)
1925
Strophitus rugosus (Swains)
1924
Ptychobranchus fasciolare
(Raf.)_ _
Cyprogenia irrorata (Lea) 1925
Obovaria subrotunda (Raf.)
1924
Obovaria subrotunda lens
(Lea) 1924
Actinonaias carinata (Barnes)
Ligumia recta latissima (Raf.)
Eurynia vanuxemensis (Lea)
1924
THE NAUTILUS. 67
Leptodea fragilis (Raf. ) Lampsilis ovata ventricosa
Proptera alata (Say) (Barnes)
Micromya ortmanni Walker Truncilla truncata Raf.
Lampsilis siliquoidea (Barnes) Dysnomia triquetra (Raf.)
1924 1925
Lampsilis ovata (Say) 1925
Bibliography
1895— Cooke, A. H. Camb. Nat. Hist. Mollusca.
1920— Grier, N. M. Nautilus, Vol. XXXIV.
1922— Jewell, M. E. Ecology, Vol. III.
A NEW PECTEN FEOM THE LOOCHOO ISLANDS
BY W. H, DALL
Pecten (Chlamys) smegma tus n. sp.
Shell compressed, glistening, whitish above with reddish
flecks, darker and more crowded distally; a few opaque white
zigzag markings near the umbo; lower valve white with purplish
flush near the umbo and reddish margin on the wings; sculp-
ture of the upper valve with nine low subangular whitish rays
with one smaller ray in the interspaces with one or two small
threads on each side of it; wings nearly smooth, oblique, the
left wing much the largest; sculpture of the lower valve of
numerous low undulated riblets with one or two small threads
in the interspaces; the sculpture grows feeble toward the umbo;
byssal notch wide and deep, ctenolium with eleven denticula-
tions; height of shell, 33; width of shell, 30; of hinge-line, 17;
diameter, 7 mm.
Loochoo Islands; Coll. Thaanum, No. 9455.
This is nearest some of the forms of Pecten sqiiamosus Gmelin,
but has a different sculpture with no indication of raised scales.
The surface has a greasy sheen. A single specimen was ob-
tained by Messrs. Thaanum and Langford, during their collect-
ing trip of 1925,
68 THE NAUTILUS.
NOTES AND NEWS
The Abundance of Crepidula fornicata L. at Nantucket,
Mass. In all my collecting I never saw Wrepidida fornicata in
such great numbers as on July 14 along the north shore of
Nantucket, from the bathing beach west for over a mile. A
northeast wind was blowing and at high-water mark there w^as
a windrow of shells from one to two feet wide. About one half
of the shells M'ere alive, attached in numbers to one another or
in some cases to pebbles, and here also the shells were attached
to one another. To the number of 7 or 8 the two clusters ex-
tending from the opposite sides of the pebble, the lower shell of
each cluster being so closely fitted to the small pebble that the
latter was often scarcely visible. This species was practically
the only shell on the beach at the time. — C. W. Johnson.
EucoNULUS FULVUS AGAIN. In his article Zur Nomeiiklatur
einiger PaldnrJctischer Landschnecken (Archiv f. Molluskenkunde,
1926, pp. 87-94), Dr. W. A. Lindholm contends for the resur-
rection of Helix trochiformis Montagu in place of Euconidus fidvus
(Miiller). I fully went over this question in Nautilus XXII,
1908, pp. 25, 26. I showed that Gmelin had eliminated H.
bidentata from Moller's composite species in 1791, and Drapar-
naud, 1801, accepted this elimination and revised Miiller's
species, restricting the name fidvus to the Euconulus. As first
reviser of a composite species, he had a perfect right to do this,
and according to the International Commission rules, his action
cannot be reversed. Euconulus fulvus therefore stands. — H. A.
PiLSBRY.
Mr. William J. Clench has been appointed curator of mol-
lusks at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.
Conchologists everywhere will be glad to hear that this import -
ant collection has a special custodian again.
Daudebardiella was mentioned as one of Ferriss' finds on
page 4 of Nautilus for Jul3^ This was a slip of the pen;
Horalia was intended.
THE NAUTILUS. 69
Strobilops aenea, n. sp., is the form known in some United
States collections as S. labyrinthica strebeli. It is much more
depressed than S. labyrinthica, the periphery decidedly angular,
ribs finer and more closely set, color dark brown with a golden
gleam. The umbilicus is contained about 7 times in the diam-
eter. Basal folds 3 or 4. Height 1.8, diam. 2.7 mm. Type
locality, Cazenovia, N. Y. To be fully described and figured
in my monograph of New York mollusks. — Pilsbry.
In Bull. American Pal., Vol. I, No. 2, 1895, I described
Strepsidura lieilprlni. I find that this name is preoccupied by
de Gregorio in his Monographic de la Faune Eocenique de
1' Alabama, p. 84, 1890. I therefore rename my species Streip-
sidura contorla. — T. H. Aldrich.
Mr. H. N. Lowe, of Long Beach, on his way home from
Cuba, stopped long enough to show us some of his good finds.
Opercula in shore deposits. The abundance of opercula
and great rarity of shells in the Pliocene deposit carrying Scalez
petrolia (noticed in our last two numbers) appears rather anom-
alous, but a similar occurrence has been noticed in the living
fauna, though the conditions controlling such an assortment have
not been determined. In the Journal of Conchology, XI, 1905, p.
178, I find the following note by Mr. A. L. Massy: "Opercula
of Bithynia tentacidata. IMessrs. Dean and Jackson in their
paper on ' A Chara and Shell-Marl Deposit at Haweswater '
(antea p. 148) mention that in one or two cases the deposit on
the beach consisted entirely of opercula Bithynia tentacidata.
This reminds me that in July, 1903, I visited Lough Gur,
Co. Limerick, and found the shore in one place white with
opercula of this species. At various other points along the
shore a belt of foamy scum had drifted to the edge of the lough,
which, when examined, yielded myriads of opercula together
with a few dead shells of the species, and a few empty shells of
Valvata piscinalis and Planorbis contortus.'' — H. A. P.
Types of Spartina and Dist.ectria Harris and Burrows,
AND Cylindrella Pfr. In the Manual of Conchology XVIII,
70 THE NAUTILUS.
p. 336, it was implied that the type of Distaectria and Spartina
was Cylindrella parisiensis Desh., since that is the only species
mentioned under those names. It was stated by the authors,
however, ih&t Distaectria " Cossmann " is proposed as a substi-
tute for Cylindrella Pfr., 1840 (not Cylindrella Swainson, Mala-
cology, pp. 135, 326, May, 1840), and Sporlina as a substitute
for Thaumasia Albers, so that my conclusion is probably not
tenable. Distaectria is really an error for the earlier Distcechia
Crosse, but if considered to be a new name and a substitute for
Cylindrella Pfr. it will have the same type as the latter, here
designated as Clausilia antiperversa 'Fer.' Desh. It becomes
therefore a synonym of Brachypodella Beck. In this connection
it may be mentioned that Jousseaume (Mem. Soc. Zool. France,
1889, p. 247) used the combination ^^ Microstoma hanleyanum
(Pfr.)." This was apparently an error for Mychostoma Albers.
If considered a new name Microstoma will become a synonym
of Brachypodella. Thaumasia Albers, 1850 (not of Perty, 1830),
is a synonym of Urocoptis Beck, its type being Cylindrella cylin-
drus Chemn. , designated by Kobelt, Illustr. Conchylienbuch,
p. 271, 1880. This species also becomes the type of the sub-
stitute name Spartina H. & B. The conclusions reached are
thus as follows:
Cylindrella Pfeiffer, 1840, Archiv fiir Naturg. VI, 38, type
Clausilia antiperversa 'Fer.' Desh. here designated.
Thaumasia Albers, 1850, Die Hel. 207, type Cylindrella cylin-
drus Chemn., designated by Kobelt, 1880.
Spartina Harris & Burrows, 1891, The Eoc. and Oligoc. Beds
of the Paris Basin, 113, type Cylindrella cylindrus Chemn.
Distasctria Harris & Burrows, 1891, t. c. 114, type C anti-
perversa 'Fer.' Desh. (not Distoechia Cvoi^se) .
I am indebted to Dr. H. Burrington Baker for calling my
attention to this matter, and for a memorandum of most of the
literature. — H. A. Pilsbry.
Mr. Charles Hedley has been engaged during the summer
in making a boring in the Great Barrier Reef of Queensland,
for the Barrier Reef Committee, the intention being to go down
until the underlying continental rock is reached, whether at
THE NAUTILUS. 71
500 or 1500 feet. His results are looked for with great interest
by all who are concerned with coral-reef problems, geological
and biological.
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED
Venezuelan and Caribbean Turritellas. By Floyd Hod-
son (Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 11, no. 45, 50 pp. and 30 pis.,
June, 1926). This paper is based on more than two years of
field work on the stratigraphy and paleontology of certain areas.
Over 50 new species and subspecies are described and figured,
the illustrations are excellent. Such names as A-L-Owensi n.
subsp. and G-A- Weaveri n. sp. seem very objectionable in that
form.— C. W. J.
On South African Marine Mollusca with Description of
New Species. By J. R. le B. Tomlin (Ann. Natal Museum,
vol. 5, pt. 3, pp. 283-301, pi. 16, 1926). One new genus,
Alexandria, and eleven new species are described and figured.
Ueber zwei arktische Mollusken aus Gronland, von L.
Soos und H. Schlesch^(Archiv fiir Mollusk. LVIII, 178-184,
Taf. 6, 1926).
General Index of all Families, Genera, Species and Varieties
described and noted in The Journal of Conchology, vols.
I-XVI, Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London,
vols. I-XV, The Conchologist and The Journal of Malacology,
vols. I-XII, 8vo, 165 pp. Compiled by H. McClelland (Pub-
lished for the Compiler by Birbeck & Sons, Ltd., Birmingham).
The multiplicity of notes and single items of information on a
multitude of genera and species contained in periodical litera-
ture, has made it almost impossible to deal thoroughly with
such topics as distribution, variation, bionomics, etc. Unless
treated in a separate article, or accompanied by new systematic
names, such items together with many important discussions
bearing on classification, etc., are generally not noticed in the
Zoological Record. Such an Index as that compiled by Mr.
72 THE NAUTILUS.
McClelland is therefore a powerful and indeed indispensable aid
to all workers on malacology in its various ramifications. The
compiler should feel repaid for the exacting labor of preparing
it by the gratitude of his fellow workers on mollusca. — H. A. P.
Die Nachtschnecken der palaearktischen Region. By
P. Hesse (Abhandl. Archiv f. Molluskenk. II, Heft 2, 1926).
This work contains a review of the classification with definitions
of families, genera and lower divisions, and a systematic cata-
logue of the species, with their varieties. We note the follow-
ing new groups: Caspilimax, type Limax keyserlingi Marts.;
Mesarion, type Avion s^ibfuscus Drap. ; Carinarion, type Ar-ion
circumscri'pius Johnst. ; and Microarion, type A. intermedius
Norm. The full specific references and synonymy make this a
very convenient handbook of the subject. — H. A. P.
Anthracopupa britannica sp. nov. , a Land Gastropod from
THE Keele Beds of Northern Worcestershire. By Leslie
Reginald Cox, M. A., F. G. S., Abstr. of Proc. Geol. Soc, Lon-
don, April 29, 1926, p. 72. This interesting addition to the
Carboniferous land-snail fauna is closely related to A. vermilion-
ensis Bradley of Illinois.
Further notes on British Lower Tertiary Pupillid.e.
By L. R. Cox. Proc. Malac. Soc. Lond. XVII, April, 1926.
The British species of Strobilops are full}^ worked out and fig-
ured. Isthmia dubia Newton and Harris is referred with some
doubt to the genus Acanihopvpa Wenz. As the exterior appears
to be "fairly smooth" the relationship to that genus seems
to be very uncertain.
Fossils from quarries near Suva, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands,
etc. By Wendell C. Mansfield (Pub. No. 344, Carnegie Insti-
tution of Washington, 1926, pp. 85-104). 18 species are re-
ported, two Pecten and one Tellina now; most of the species are
only determined generically. " The fauna suggests a Tertiary
age, probably late Miocene or early Pliocene."
THE NAUTILUS. XL
PLATE I
CUBAN LAND SHELLS
Figs. 1-9. X 2%
The Nautilus.
Vol. XL JANUARY, 1927. No. 3
CUBAN LAND SHELLS OF THE LOWE-HAND-EMERY EXPEDITION
PLATE I
BY H. A. PILSBRY
The Cuban land-snail fauna is so prolific in narrowly local-
ized species that real collectors, even in a hasty trip, are likely
to pick up novelties. The plate contributed by Mr. H. N.
Lowe represents several undescribed forms found by Messrs.
Emery, Lowe and Hand in the course of the trip described on
pages 37-41, together with some closely allied forms figured for
comparison.
Snails of the Urocoptid subgenus Callonia have always been
considered among the most beautiful of their group. Set with
gem like, snow-white, hollow ribs on a golden brown or an
almost maroon ground, and of slender, graceful shape, they are
the patricians of their family.
In U. elliotti (Poey), PI. I, fig. 1, from the Sierra de Guane,
the last whorl is very shortly free in front, and the ribs are
very high. Mr. Lowe was so lucky as to find a related but
clearly distinct species in one place in the same mountain
which Dr. Torre's keen eye at once recognized as new, caUing
it U. LowEi n. s}\, PI. I, fig. 2. It is more slender than elliotti,
with much lower ribs, .the last whorl barely free in front.
Length 23.5, diam. above aperture 3 mm., in a specimen re-
taining all of the 30 whorls (the upper 15 empty, light brown).
74 THE NAUTILUS.
In the Sierra de Paso Real, U. dautzenbergiana (Crosse), PI. I,
fig. 3, was found. In this charming snail the last third or half
of the last whorl descends free from the preceding in the typical
form, fig, 3. The specimens taken on this occasion are a vari-
ant race in which almost the whole last whorl is free, PI. I,
figs. 4, 5. The most perfect ones are over 30 mm. long. At
the caves near Mendoza — all of these places are in Pinar del
Rio Province — a smaller race was found, var. gemmata. The
specimens about 20 mm. long, PL I, fig, 7, They have very
high, rather triangular ribs, and nearly a whorl is free. These
figures represent all of the Callonias known up to this time.
In the same place, Mendoza caves, another new Urocoptis
turned up, U, handi Torre, n. sp., PI. I, fig. 6. It is cylin-
dric, with the upper third tapering, truncate, of a dull, clouded
ashy and flesh color, rather weakly ribbed, the ribs uniting by
pairs in a series of low, small bosses at the suture, often with a
single rib between the pairs. The expanded whitish peristome
is free, the interior brown. On the internal axis there are three
lamellae, the lowest one being widest. This form differs from
U. vignalensis by the narrower shape, weaker ribs, the regularly
denticulate suture and the smaller aperture. It is scarcely dis-
tinguishable from U. ccerulans Poey externally, but differs by
the 3-lamellate axis. Length 18.3, diam. above aperture 4.7
mm., nearly 11 whorls remaining.
A. form of U. vignalensis having finer sculpture than typical
was taken at the Mendoza caves, PL I, fig, 8, A rather short
U. vignalensis from Vinales, the type locality, is figured for
comparison, fig. 9.
Some interesting Cerions were found, among them C. johnsoni
Pilsbry & Vanatta, found about half a mile east of Mariel
Lighthouse, and 0. salvaiori Torre, PL I, fig. 12, which is
abundant at Playa de Santa Fe, Punta Brava, in Havana
Province. The type of this species, fig, 11, is from Jaimanitas;
length 31.5 mm., diam. above aperture 12 mm. This species
is very similar to the Cdrdenas region C. sagraianum, but widely
separated geographically. C. marielinum Torre, fig, 10, from
near Mariel Lighthouse, is a strongly ribbed species, the ribs
white on a dull brown ground. It is allied to C. chrysalis F6r.
THE NAUTILUS. 75
Length 33.3, diam. above aperture 11.5 mm.; on the penult
whorl 14 ribs.
Explanation of Plate /follows; figures 1 to 9 are enlarged.
Fig. 1. Urocoptis elUotti (Poey). Sierra Guane, coll. by J. B.
Henderson. 95033 A. N. S. P.
Fig. 2. Urocoptis lowei Torre. Sierra Guane, coll. by H. N.
Lowe. 141496.
Fig. 3. Jjrocoptis dautzenbergiana (Crosse) . Sierra Paso Real.
73010.
Figs. 4, 5. Urocoptis dautzenbergiana (Crosse) var. Sierra
Paso Real, coll. by H. N. Lowe. 141497.
Fig. 6. Urocoptis handi Torre. Mendoza Caves, coll. by H.
N. Lowe.
Fig. 7. Urocoptis dautzenbergiana, var, gemmata. Mendoza
Caves, coll. by H. N. Lowe and E. E. Hand. 141498.
Fig. 8. Urocoptis vignalensis, var. Mendoza Caves, coll. by
H. N. Lowe. 141495.
Fig. 9. Urocoptis vignalensis (Wright & Pfr.). Vinales, coll.
by E. E. Hand. 141888.
Fig. 10. Cerion marielinum Torre. Mari^l Lighthouse, coll.
by H. N. Lowe. 141505.
Fig. 11. Cerion salvatori Torre, Type. Jaimanitas. 132601.
Fig. 12. Cerion salvatori Torre, striate form. Playa de Santa
F6, Habana Prov., coll. by Lowe and Hand. 141507.
MOLLTJSK NOTES FROM THE NORTHWEST
BY JUNIUS HENDERSON
Assisted by various friends at various times, I spent the sum-
mer of 1925 in collecting mollusks and echinoderms in the
Puget Sound Basin, Alaska, at Lake Atlin, in British Columbia,
and at Cancross and White Horse, in Yukon Territory. As
a result, nine large boxes full of material were shipped by
freight to the University of Colorado Museum. Miss Elberta
Craig, assistant in the Museum, has worked up most of this
76 THE NAUTILUS.
material, with the help of specialists on some of it, and her
report will probably appear in an early number of the Uni-
versity Studies. Meanwhile, from the great mass of material a
few outstanding items here selected may be of interest to read-
ers of The Nautilus.
An Anodonta was found in considerable numbers in several
lakes of the Puget Sound region. Having determined that it
was not any species definitely known to occur there, Miss Craig
sent examples to Dr. Bryant Walker, who identified them as
A. beringiana Middendorff. Simpson (1914) gives the range of
this species as Kamchatka and Alaska. Dall (1905) gives also
the lower Yukon region and Mongolia. Hannibal's (1912)
synonymy throws grave doubt upon his indefinite records from
the Columbia and Fraser River systems, but the Puget Sound
material makes at least the Fraser River seem within its range.
Absence of definite records from between Puget Sound and
Alaska forcibly reminds one that there is a vast area in the
Northwest conchologically unknown. Very little has been done
with the fresh-water faunas north of the Columbia River, in
fact. It is an exceedingly inviting field.
No other Naiades were found during the entire season.
Sphaerium, Musculium, Pisidium, Ferrissia, Planorbis, Physa,
Aplexa and Lymnaea of various species were found in Puget
Sound Basin, but the two first-named and Ferrissia are absent
from the collections obtained farther north. Pisidium, as usual,
was found in almost every pool and lake. Ferrissia caurinus
(Cooper) we found only on the under sides of pond-lily pads.
Lymnaea stagnalis wasatchensis Hemphill, described from Utah
and hitherto recorded northward to the Mackenzie River drain-
age, we found in the Yukon drainage at Lake Atlin and White
Horse, identified by Dr. F. C. Baker. Valvata lewlsi helicoides
Dall was obtained at the same localities, identified by Dr.
Bryant Walker, as was also Planorbis similaris Baker, described
from Colorado and found by us at Atlin.
On the entire trip we did not succeed in getting into any good
localities for land snails. The only especially interesting form
found is Ariolimax columbianus maculatus Ckll., a beautiful black-
spotted variety from Whitby Island, in Puget Sound. The
THE NAUTILUS. 77
fauna of small land snails at Skaguay in Alaska, and at White
Horse and Atlin, Yukon Territory, so much resembled that of
the Southern Rockies that it was difficult to believe that the
aspen groves were not in Colorado. The following were ob-
tained: Gonyodiscus cronkhitei (Newc. ), Euconulus fulvus alasken-
sis (Pils. ), Succinea sp., Vitrea binneyana Morse (?), Zonitoides
arborea (Say), Pupilla muscorumCL.), Vertigo modesta Gould and
Agriolimax cam.pestris Say.
The marine faunas of the Northwest are much better known
than the non-marine. We obtained a fine series at various
localities between the mouth of the Skagit River and Deception
Pass, and at Rosario on the open coast of the Straits of San
Juan de Fuca, showing successive changes in the faunas as the
water becomes progressively more saline to the westward. At
Hikai Island, near the mouth of the river, the river water at
low tide forces the salt water back and produces an almost
fresh-water condition, with brackish water at high tide. Here
but a few species are found — Mya arenaria L. (introduced),
Mytilus edulis L., Macoma balthica (L. ), Littorina and Acmaea.
Working westward, where the water is less and less affected by
the river and more nearly free from fine silt, more and more
strictly marine species appear. In Deception Pass and at
Rosario, with clear marine water, heavy surf and strong tidal
currents, many species of marine gastropods are found, with a
few of the smaller pelecypods, starfishes and sea-urchins.
On Big Hope Island, in Puget Sound, between Fidalgo and
Whidby Islands, we found a fine Pleistocene deposit of marine
shells that does not appear to have been reported. Though the
formation is partly thoroughly consolidated, tilted to a high
angle and raised many feet above the present high-tide level,
the species contained, nearly 30 in number, were nearly all
found also living within a few miles of the island, and the
others still live somewhere on the Northwest Coast. The most
interesting item, perhaps, is the abundance of Petaloconchus
complicatus Dall and Mya truncata (L. ), neither of which I found
alive anywhere, though a few fresh valves of the latter were
found on beaches of Alaska The fossil specimens of Pecten
islandicus pugetensis Oldroyd (identified by Dall) are all very
78 THE NAUTILUS.
much larger than the type, many reaching a length of 77 mm.
The fossil Schizothaerus is S. nuttalli maxima (Middendorf), dis-
tinguished by its more rotund form from the one living on
near-by beaches, S. n. capax (Gould). Trichotropis cancellatus
(Midd. ) var, is, according to Dr. Dall, the same as a variety
he has recent from Alaska. Mrs. Oldroyd (1924) gives the
range of cancellatus as from Bering Sea to Oregon, and she re-
cords it from off the San Juan Island coast in from 15 to 25
fathoms of water. The variety is common in the fossil collec-
tion from Big Hope.
THE RACES OF HELMINTHOGLYPTA AYBESIANA
BY H. A. PILSBRY
During a recent visit Mr. H, N. Lowe called my attention to
the variations of H. ayresiana on the various Santa Barbara
Channel Islands.
The original locality of H. ayresiana, " Nootka Sound," was
of course erroneous, but as the specimens from San Miguel
Island, the western of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands, agree
with the description in form, sculpture and number of whorls,
that place may be considered the type locality. These shells
are solid, earthy, more or less costulate irregularly, with from
fully 6 to nearly 7 closely coiled whorls. The dark band has
very indistinct light borders, or these may not be apparent.
Hemphill* distinguished the Santa Cruz Island form as a
variet}^; later he applied a name, which appears on some labels
but was not published. This form seems to be at least sub-
specifically distinct.
HELMINTHOGLYPTA AYRESIANA SANCT^CRUCIS, UeW Subsp.
The shell is somewhat more depressed, thinner and darker
colored than ayresiana, snuff-brown to clay color, with a carob-
brown band with distinct pale borders (in specimens lacking
the thin periostracum the color is between light pinkish cinna-
' Zoe I, 1890, p. 331.
THE NAUTILUS. 79
mon and avellaneous). Wrinkles of the surface are low, not
rib-like. In specimens of the same diameter there is about a
half whorl less than in typical ayresiana. Height 15.4, diam.
23 mm.
Santa Cruz Island. Type 10682 ANSP.
This form occurs also on Anacapa, both living and fossil.
According to Dr. Yates ^ it was in peril of extermination on
Middle Anacapa in 1889. In most specimens seen the umbil-
icus is narrower than in Santa Cruz shells, but some have it
equally as wide.
I have not seen the form of Santa Rosa Island, but Mr. Lowe
informs me that some he has seen agree with the Santa Cruz
and Anacapa race.
A NEW SUBSPECIES OF PLANORBIS
BY H. A. PILSBRY
In the monograph of New York Mollusca, which it is hoped
will be published during 1927, various new species and sub-
species are to be described and figured, among them the follow-
ing form, which has been recalled to my attention by the re-
ceipt last month of a second lot from Chief Justice Latchford.
As the first lot received is dated 1896, it appears to have been
first collected over 30 years ago. In order to validate the name
given several years ago in my MS. and furnished to several cor-
respondents, before it leaks into print elsewhere, a description
follows. As the history of P. bicarinatus Say, antrosiis Conrad,
is rather involved, the familiar specific name is used here.
Planorhis antrosus latchfordi, n. subsp. PI. I, fig. 10. The
shell is large, resembling P. a. percarinatus Wkr. somewhat,
but thinner, less solid, yellowish-olivaceous; the surface be-
tween carinse is much less convex, the cavity of the right side
larger, of the left side narrower than in percariTiatas. Lip
1 The West American Scientist VII, 1890, p. 8.
80 THE NAUTILUS.
expanded, thickened within. Surface finely thread-striate.
Greatest diam. 19 mm., height 11 mm.
Meach's Lake, Hull, Quebec. 45058 ANSP., collected by
Chief Justice F. R. Latchford.
CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
BY JUNIUS HENDERSON
With m}'^ brother, Frank G. Henderson, of Los Angeles, and
his son, I spent five weeks of last July and August in the
Hawaiian Islands, mostly on Oahu. Occasionally we were able
to get away from the serious business of swimming in the surf
of famed Waikiki, for collecting trips to Pearl Harbor, Waimea,
Haleiwa and other places along the coast, A few items may be
of interest to readers of The Nautilus.
We found that the Chinese, Japanese and Hawaiians eat
almost any marine animals, even sea urchins. It is not un-
common to see the women gathering the tiny marine Neritas by
bucketsful from the rocks at low tide, and they are sometimes
sold in the fish markets. We did not notice them getting the
Neritinas from fresh-water sloughs, though they are abundant
locally, larger and seemingly as suitable for food, but N. granosa
Sowerby was frequently noticed in the markets. Other species
of mollusks common in the fish markets at the time of our visits
are Tapes philippinarum, Purpura aperta Blainville, Thais harpa
(Conrad), Cellana exarata Nuttall, C. argentata Sowerby, and an
occasional large Cypraea mauritiana Linn.
Bryan, in his Natural History of Hawaii, mentions Hekionis-
cus (= Cellana) exaratus an oblong species of limpet, marked by
very strong, regular, sharply-defined, radiating ribs, but does
not mention the much larger H. argentatus, which is nearly
circular, with weaker, less regular sculpture and silvery within.
The largest examples of the latter now before me measure
67x70, 67x72 and 67x74 mm,, while the largest exaratus
measure 40x53, 37x49 and 44x56 mm. Bryan's figure
labeled exaratus is surely argentatus. We have both species
THE NAUTILUS. 81
also fossil from elevated Quaternary beaches on the islands of
Maui, Kauai and Niihau, obtained by Dr. Norman E. A.
Hinds, now of the University of California. We also found
both species fossil by the railroad bridge near Waimea, Oahu,
associated with Purpura aperta and Cypraea tessellata Swainson.
In the same book Bryan records Hinnites giganteus Gray, a
California species, from the Hawaiian Islands. I always con-
sidered that an error and am now convinced of it. We found
no Hinnites and learned of none found on the islands, but did
find a species oj Spondylus, in the coral dredgings at Pearl Har-
bor and Waikiki, that externally very closely resembles H.
giganteus, though of course the hinge is different. This may
explain the Hawaiian record. Dr. W. H. Dall writes me out
of his large experience with Hawaiian mollusks and his access
to the National Museum, that the Hinnites does not occur there.
Conrad, in "Descriptions of New Marine Shells from Upper
California," Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. VII,
1847, pp. 227-268, described quite a number of species from
other regions, including the Hawaiian Islands, or Sandwich
Islands, as they were then commonly called. Mytilus crehris-
triatus, Perna incisa, P. costellnta, Avicula pallida, A. nehidosa,
Cytherea hieroglyphica, Chama iostoma (Atooi[=Kauai] ), lellina
dispar, T. obliquilineata, Anatifa carinata and engonata (barna-
cles). Purpura hulhiformis and P. foliacea (Atooi[=Kauai]),
are all definitely assigned to these islands by him, a pretty good
list for a paper purporting in its title to deal only with Califor-
nia shells, but that is not all. Pease long ago declared that
Purpura ( = Thaisf) harpa, attributed by Conrad to Santa Bar-
bara, California, is found only in the Hawaiian Islands. Perna
calif ornica is also Hawaiian and is so placed by Conrad, not-
withstanding the misleading specific name he gives it.
We come now to Cypricardia (Trapezium) californica, which
according to Conrad, "inhabits soft argillaceous rocks, which
are bare at low water, with the Pholades [Pholas californica and
P. penita'], in the vicinity of Sta. Diego and Sta. Barbara." I
have never found this species on the Pacific Coast and have not
seen it in any collection from America. However, we found
several examples of fossil in the deep dredgings from the ancient
82 THE NAUTILUS.
coral reef, a quarter of a mile or so back from the present beach
at Waikiki, and in the dredgings used as ballast on the rail-
road between Pearl City and Waipio, in both cases plainly
fossil. Dr. Dall writes that he considered this the same species
as Trapezium duperryi Desh., 1841. Common sense suggests
that Conrad's misleading specific name should be discarded in
favor of Deshayes' later one, but the rule of priority seems to
stand in the way. This also applies to Perna californica.
In a brief walk along the railroad tracks east of Waipio we
obtained from the ballast 67 species of mollusks, all or nearly
all of which are still living along the coast of the island. In
the dredgings said to have come from 20 to 30 feet deep in
the coral far inland at Waikiki we obtained just 100 species.
In the railroad cut east of Waipio, 15 or 20 feet above the
present high-tide line, we found a thick deposit composed
almost entirely of Ostrea retusa "Pease" Sowerby, a species
that, so far as we learned, is not now living on the island.
This is not kitchen-midden material, but a true fossil deposit
in situ.
NEW VARIETIES OF STAGNICOLA FROM WISCONSIN AND WYOMING
BY FRANK C. BAKER
During the preparation of the manuscript for the Monograph
of the Fresh Water Mollusca of Wisconsin, two forms of Stag-
nicola have been observed which appear to need recognition as
varieties. These are described below.
Stagnicola emarginata vilasensis nov. var.
Shell large, elongate-ovate to almost globular in form, in-
flated, thin to rather thick; periostracum brownish to whitish
horn color; surface dull, sculpture of coarse growth lines and
well-developed spiral lines; heavy spiral ridges are present on
^Contribution from Museum of Natural History, University of Illinois,
No. 41.
THE NAUTILUS. 83
the body whorl of some specimens; whorls 5|-, convex, more or
less tumid, the body whorl usually more or less flattened, al-
most straight in some individuals, with a pronounced shoulder;
spire elongated or very much flattened, varying from as long as
the aperture to one-fifth its length; sutures deeply impressed;
aperture large, expanded, often patulous, long-ovate to roundly-
ovate, from one-half to four-fifths the length of the shell,
rounded below, somewhat angular above, yellowish-brown or
purplish within; peristome sharp, thin; inner lip very wide,
broadly reflexed over the umbilical region, leaving a rather
widely open umbilical chink; there is a wide columellar callus
spreading well over this region which is frequently raised from
the body whorl, causing the aperture to become entire; not
infrequently the inner lip is strongly curved to the left, produc-
ing a pseudo-canal; there is a marked columellar plait.
L. 35.0; W. 28.0; Ap. L. 27.0; W. 16.5 mm. Type. U. of
111., Z21678.
L. 33.0; W. 27.0; Ap. L. 25.0; W. 15.3 mm. Paratype. U.
of III., Z21679.
L. 38.0; W. 25.5; Ap. L. 25.0; W. 15.2 mm. Paratype. U.
of 111., Zal679.
L. 32.5; W. 20.0; Ap. L. 20.0; W. 12.0 mm. Paratype. U.
of 111., Z21679.
L. 29.0; W. 22.0; Ap. L. 19.5; W. 12.0 mm. Paratype. U.
of 111., Z21679.
Type locality: Big Muskallonge Lake, Vilas Co., Wis.
Types: Museum Natural History, U. 111., No. Z21678, Z21679;
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., No. 141864.
Remarks: This fine shell, though at first sight apparently
quite a distinct species, is doubtless an extreme variation of
Stagnicola emarginata. Its nearest relative appears to be mighelsi
Binney, from which it differs in its more angular body whorl
which forms a distinct shoulder, its broader, flatter spire and
usually deeper sutures, and its wider and rounder aperture,
which is more patulous. The flattening of the body whorl in
the majority of specimens examined is peculiar. There are
long-spired examples which recall typical emarginata, small
specimens recalling angulata, and some rounded specimens re-
84 THE NAUTILUS.
calling wisconsinensis. It may be a variation produced by isola-
tion, as Big Muskallonge Lake is without an outlet at the
present time. Typical emarginata occurs in Plum Lake, about
five miles east of Big Muskallonge Lake, but these are normal,
resembling the Maine specimens. The new variety also occurs
in Pelican Lake, Crow Wing Co. , Minnesota, indicating a wide
range. These were collected many years ago by Dr. W. A.
Nason and are now in his collection in the University museum
(No. Z21681). The new variety appears to be the maximum
variation in the emarginata group, rivaled only by some ex-
treme examples of mighelsi.
Stagnicola palustris wyomingensis nov. var.
Shell differing from typical palustris in being more scalari-
form, having a more obese body whorl, a longer aud more acute
spire, which is sharply pyramidal, and with more tightly coiled
whorls, the spire being longer than the aperture, which is
rounder, not elongate-ovate. There is usually a distinct um-
bilical chink, which is absent or but feebly developed in typi-
cal palustris.
L. 19.5; W. 9.0; Ap. L. 9.0; W. 4.5 mm. Type. U. of
111., Z21682.
L. 19.5; W. 9.0; Ap. L. 9.0; W. 4.2 mm. Paratype. U. of
111., Z21683.
L. 19.0; W. 9.5; Ap. L. 8.8; W. 4.5 mm. Paratype. U. of
111., Z21683.
L. 18.5; W, 7.3; Ap. L. 7.5; W. 3.8 mm. Paratype. U. of
111., Z21683.
Type locality: Slough 10 miles south of Lander, Wyoming.
Types: University Museum, Z21682, Z21683; Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 141866; University Colorado Museum.
Remarks: This variety of the wide-spread palustris appears to
differ sufficiently from the type for recognition. Its acute spire,
short, rounded aperture and well rounded whorls will distingu-
ish it. It has been identified as proxima Lea, but that species,
while having a long, pointed spire, has flat-sided whorls and
shallower sutures. The type of Lea's species has been ex-
amined for comparison, and it is quite different. The radulae
THE NAUTILUS. 85
of the two forms (proxima and pahcstris) should be examined as
these may show differences not indicated in the shells.
The new variety will probably be found widely distributed in
the mountain region of Wyoming, Utah, Montana and Colorado.
Apparently the same form has been submitted for identification
by Dr. J. C. Needham, of Cornell University, who collected the
specimens near Wellsville, Utah.
NEW VARIETIES OF HELISOMA ANTROSA FROM WISCONSIN AND
MINNESOTA 1
BY FRANK C. BAKER
Helisoma ANTROSA cAHNi var. UOV,
Differing from antrosa portagensis F. C. Baker in being very
much larger, the aperture relatively wider, not ear-shaped, the
upper part not being as acutely elevated above the upper angle
of the whorl, the dorsal and ventral carinae of the whorls not
acutely cord-like, and the height averaging greater (8-10 per
cent. ) than in portagensis. The shell is thinner than in the
latter variety. Spiral sculpture marked.
H. 12.5; D. 18.0; Ap. H. 12.0; D. 7.0 mm. Type.
H. 12.0; D. 18.5; Ap. H. 11.5; D. 6.5 mm. Paratype.
H. 11.0; D. 15.0; Ap. H. 10.5; D. 6.0 mm. Paratype.
Type Locality: Big Muskallonge Lake, Vilas Co., Wis.
Types: Univ. 111., No. Z21124; Paratypes, Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., No. 141567.
This variety was at first thought to be a variation of porta-
gensis, described from Portage Lake, Maine (Naut. XXII, p.
45; XXIII, p. 8, pi. I, fig. 9), but its normally larger size,
differently shaped aperture, and greater relative height seem to
mark it as another variety of this wide-spread species. Occa-
sional immature specimens have the upper part of the whorl
acutely raised above the dorsal angle of the whorl, but no fully
* Contribution from Museum of Natural History, University of Illinois,
No. 36.
86 THE NAUTILUS.
adult specimen has been seen of this form. It is named in
honor of Dr. Alvin R. Cahn, of the Department of Zoology,
Univ. of Illinois, who collected the material. It is interesting
to note that Stagnicola emarginata wisconsinensis F. C. Baker was
also found in this lake.
Helisoma antrosa shellensis F. C. Baker, nov. var.
Shell differing from antrosa in being higher axially, with a
deeper and more conical basal depression and a deeper and
more flatly concave spire region; the body whorl bordering these
areas is more sharply angled; aperture longer in comparison
with width, with a bluntly formed v-shaped angle above and
below; sculpture of distinct spiral lines; color always deep
brownish; body whorl rounded, not flattened.
L. 9.0; D. 13.0; Ap. L. 8.0; D. 4.5 mm. Type.
L. 9.0; D. 12.0; Ap. L. 8.3; D. 5.0 mm. Paratype.
L. 8.0; D. 12.-; Ap. L. 7.5; D. 4.0 mm. Paratype.
Type Locality: Shell Lake, Washburn Co., Wis. Types:
Univ. Wis. Mus., No. 4627; Paratypes, Univ. 111., No. Z19354;
Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., No. 141566.
This small form of antrosa cannot be placed in any of the de-
scribed varieties; it resembles portagensis in the ear-shaped aper-
ture, but the whorls are rounded, not flat-sided, and the dorsal
carina is near the center of the whorl while in portagensis it is
near the outer edge of the whorl; the same characteristics sepa-
rate from cahni, besides its much smaller size. It somewhat
resembles an unnamed lake form which is abundant in the
waters of Wisconsin and Michigan, differing in its greater
height and centrally-placed dorsal carina. Shelle^isis occurs in
a rather deep lake (said to be 40 feet deep) in the St. Croix
drainage. Many of these lakes are of artificial origin, but it
could not be ascertained whether this was one of these or not.
The variety was fairly abundant, and was personally collected.
Helisoma antrosa minnesotensis nov. var.
Shell differing from all other varieties of antrosa in having a
perfectly flat or even convex spire, the nuclear and second whorls
THE NAUTILUS.
87
slightly sunken below the general level of the spire; dorsal
carina rather sharply defined, placed near the outer edge of the
body whorl, which is flatly rounded; unibilicus small, narrow,
deep, the base of the whorl distinctly angulated; aperture about
as wide as high, spiral sculpture fine but distinct.
L. 7.0; D. 11.2; Ap. L. 5.5; D. 5.0 mm. Type.
L. 6.0; D. 10.0; Ap. L. 5.5; D. 5.0 mm. Paratype.
L. 5.7; D. 8.5; Ap. L. 5.0; D. 8.8 mm. Paratype.
Type Locality: Frontenac, Minn. Types: Coll. F. C. Baker.
Three shells, the diagnosis of which is given above, have
been in the writer's possession for twenty-five years. Their
description has been delayed in the hope that additional mater-
ial might be found. None has been offered, and it seems de-
sirable to publish the form that others may be on the watch for
it. The chief characteristic is the very flat spire, so unusual in
anirosa, and the very small, narrow umbilicus. The specimens
were given to the writer many years ago by Sister Kostka, a
Catholic nun of Frontenac, who made quite a collection of Min-
nesota mollusks.
Helisoma antrosa is a notable example of acceleration in evo-
lution, due to a lake environment. The typical form is a river
or creek species and varies very little in the south — Alabama,
Oklahoma, Arkansas, etc. Even in Illinois the form is uni-
form and very abundant in the streams in the southern part of
state. In the glacial lakes of the northern part of the United
States, especially in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, each
lake, or series of lakes, appear to have its own particular form.
Some of these lakes are without present outlet, Big Muskal-
longe Lake being of this character. What the many lakes in
southern Canada and in the unexplored waters of Minnesota
contain can only be surmised.
Figures of the varieties, as well as of the radula of cahni, will
be published in the writer's Monograph of the Fresh Water
Mollusca of Wisconsin.
THE NAUTILUS.
A LIST OF LAND SHELLS COLLECTED IN CUBA IN JULY, 1926
BY E. E. HAND
The following list of 102 species and varieties were collected
by Messrs. D. L. Emery, H. N. Lowe and myself, during our
Cuban trip described in the October Nautilus. The following
is a list of the localities visited:
Abra de Figueroa Yumuri Valley
Near Bellamar Caves Matanzas
Camoa Sierra de Paso Real
Sierra de Guane Pinar del Rio
Guyabal Playa Marianao
Havana El Tumbadero
Mariel Vinales
The genera and species are arranged alphabetically for easy
reference.
Alcadia dissimulans Poey. Sierra de Guane.
hispida Pfr. Matanzas.
minima Orb. Guyabal.
nitida Pfr. Matanzas.
velutina Poey. Sierra de Guane.
Annularia blaini Gund. (= semicanus, Morelet. ). Vinales.
illustris Poey. Matanzas.
Cepolis bonplandi Lam. Havana, Matanzas and Pinar del Rio
Prov.
bonplandi var. Prov. Havana, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio.
cubensis Pfr. Matanzas.
cubensis var. camoensis. Camoa.
multistriata Desh. Guyabal.
parallela Poey. Sierra de Guane, Sierra de Paso Real.
parriana Orb. El Tumbadero, Vinales.
subtussidcata Pfr. El Tumbadero, Vinales.
Cerion infandum Shutl. Matanzas.
marielinum Torre. Mariel Lighthouse.
chrysalis Fer. Playa Marianao.
mumia fastigiatum Mayn. Havana.
THE NAUTILUS. 89
mumia Brug. E. Side Matanzas Bay.
mumiola Pfr. E. Side Matanzas Bay.
mumiola var. Matanzas.
johnsoni Pils. & Van. Mile E. of Mariel Lighthouse.
salvatori Torre. 1 mile E. of Mariel Lighthouse.
Chondropoma auberianum Orb. Guyabal, Matanzas.
affine Torre. El Tumbadero, Vinales.
dentatum Say. Matanzas.
egregium Gund. El Tumbadero, Vinales.
gundlachi Arrango. Sierra de Paso Real.
irradians Shutt. Abra de Figueroa, Matanzas.
obesum Menke. E. Side Matanzas Bay.
ottonis Pfr. Guyabal.
pfeifferianuvi Poey. Guyabal, Camoa.
pictum Pfr, Matanzas.
pictum minor. Matanzas.
poeyanum Orb. Guyabal, Camoa, Mariel.
poeynnum gouldianum. Abra de Figueroa.
sagebieni Poey. Sierra de Guane, Caves near Mendoza.
shuttleworthi Pfr. Sierra de Guane.
shuttleworthi scopidorum Torre. El Tumbadero, Vinales.
vinalense (Wright) Pfr. Vinales.
yucayum Presas. Near Bellamar Caves, Matanzas.
Ctenopoma bilabiatum Orb. Sierra de Guane and Sierra de Paso
Real.
Eutrochatella conica Pfr. = (elegans Orb.). Guyabal, Matanzas.
chrysochasma Poey. Caves near Mendoza.
jugxdata Poey. Sierra de Guane.
nodae Arrango. Vinales.
regina lyrata Torre. Vinales.
remota Poey. Vinales.
rupestris Pfr. Matanzas.
sloani Orb. Camoa.
Eutudora camoensis Torre. Loma de Camoa.
limbifera Menke. Near Bellamar Caves, Matanzas.
Helicina adspersa Pfr. Guyabal, Camoa, Vinales, Matanzas.
adspersa onusta Fer. El Tumbadero, Vinales.
90 THE NAUTILUS.
sagriana Orb. Sierra de Guane, Sierra de Paso Real, El
Tumbadero, Vinales.
submarginata Gray. Yumuri Valley, Matanzas.
Laevoleacina oleacea Fer. Matanzas.
solidula Pfr. Matanzas.
subulata Pfr. Matanzas.
lAguus crenatus Swains. Matanzas to Guane.
fasdatus Miill. Havana, Matanzas.
fasciatus hefpaticus Bolt. El Tumbadero, Vinales.
fasdatus murreus Rve. Matanzas to Guane.
Megalomastoma apertuvi Poey. Camoa, Guyabal.
mani decurrens Poey. Sierra de Guane.
Microceramus perconicus Pils. anafensis Hend. Guyabal.
Opeas gradle Hutt. Playa Marianao.
Plmrodonte auricovia Fer. Havana Province.
auricoma major. Havana Province.
auricovia minor. Havana Province.
guanensis Poey. Sierra de Guane, Sierra de Paso Real, El
Tumbadero, Vinales.
marginella Fer. arangiana Poey (Introduced). San Fran-
cisco.
marginella transitoria Vir. (Introduced). Guanabacoa.
Polygyra paludosa Pfr. Everywhere.
Praticolella griseola Pfr. Playa Marianao.
Proserpina depressa Orb. Everywhere.
Rhytidopoma nodulatum Poey. Guyabal, Sierra de Anafe.
rugidosum Pfr. Abra de Figueroa.
Suhulina octona Brug. Playa Marianao.
Thysanophora boothiana Pfr. Guyabal.
stigmatica Pfr. Havana and Pinar del Rio Provinces.
Torrella immersum Gund. Matanzas.
Urocoptis caerulans Poey. Sierra de Guane.
cyclostoma ischna Pils. Camoa.
dautzenbergiana Crosse. Sierra de Paso Real.
discors Poey. Sierra de Guane.
elegans Pfr. Near Bellamar Caves,
elegans auberiana Orb. Playa Marianao, Abra de Figueroa.
humboldtiana Pfr. Camoa.
THE NAUTILUS. 91
irrorata Gund. Vinales.
nodulifera Torre. Vinales.
nubila Poey. Sierra de Paso Real.
poeyana Orb. Guyabal.
poeyana variegata Pfr. Matanzas.
propinqua Gundl. Vinales (First Mogote).
rugeli Shutt. Abra de Figueroa, Matanzas.
scalarina Shutt. Abra de Figueroa, Matanzas.
strangulata Poey. Guines.
vignalensis (Wright) Pfr. Vinales.
vignalensis obscura Torre. Vinales.
Varicella acuticostata Orb. Guyabal.
gracillima Pfr. Matanzas.
pritchardi Arango. Caves near Mendoza.
NOTES ON THE NAIADES OF LONG ISLAND : II. ANODONTA CATARACTA
ON LONG ISLAND
BY N. M. GRIER
Des Moines University
Anodonta cataracta Say has been previously reported on Long
Island from Kissena Park Lake, Flushing, (1), Lake Ronkon-
kema, (2), and from Prospect Park, Brooklyn, (3). The
closely related if not identical species, Anodonta implicata Say,
is also known from Prospect Park and from Baisley's Lake,
Jamaica, (1, 3). In August, 1926, I observed an abundance
of dead shells of Anodonta cataracta in the Nissequoque river at
Smithtown, L. L, and at the Hempstead reservoir near Hemp-
stead. This species does not seem to have been reported pre-
viously from either of these localities. Additionally, Elliptio
complanatus Dillwyn is described as being moderately abundant
at Riverhead, L. I. (4). All these species are members of the
depauperate Atlantic coast fauna, having been reported from
New England by Johnson, (5), while they are also found fur-
ther south. Earlier, (2) I suggested the fair probability of
their introduction on Long Island through the agency of birds,
92 THE NAUTILUS.
and of course most likely from localities on the Atlantic coastal
plain. It was also pointed out that the characteristic thinness
and softness of the shells of these species indicated a natural
adaptation of them to the practically lime-free waters of Long
Island. It is possible also that other species are transported
similarly, but survive only in a given area under favorable con-
ditions.
A glance at the map of Long Island will show that a number
of the localities mentioned are in a line such as aquatic birds
might follow in flying from one body of water to another.
Such a line connects Riverhead at the east end of the island
with Lake Ronkonkema, Nissequoque River, Hempstead reser-
voir, Jamaica and Prospect Park, Brooklyn. Since birds are
the most conceivable agency explaining the presence of fresh
water mussels on Long Island, it may well be that such a path
of migratory birds, passing northeast or southwest through the
island, may account for the distribution of Anodonta catarada
which has been indicated.
I was lead to seek further support for these conjectures from
the available records of the local movements of birds. Unfor-
tunately, the United States Bureau of Biological Survey had no
data for the region, while the most comprehensive and available
publication on the birds of the vicinity (The Birds of the New
York City Region, 6) mentioned but three species of aquatic
birds which had been observed at any of the localities at which
mussels had been collected. These were the Hooded Mergan-
ser (Lophodytos cucullatus), observed at Hempstead and Prospect
Park, and recorded also from New Jersey; the Little Black Rail
(Crecisats jamaicensis) , known only from Long Island in the
region and at Jamaica; and possibly the water thrush {Seiiirus
noveboracensis noveboracensis) , from Prospect Park, Brooklyn.
The cooperative attitude of the Bureau of Biological Survey
toward problems of this type is brought out in their letter of
August 21st to the writer:
" Your suggestion — that bird banding cooperators maintain a
watch for young mussels that might be attached to the feet or
other parts of birds, is of much interest. We appreciate the
information that might be obtained in this manner and will be
THE NAUTILUS. 93
glad to see that the matter is brought to their attention through
the medium of Bird Banding Notes."
It is urged that readers of this note endeavor to enlist interest
in this matter on the part of bird banders operating in their
region.
Literature Cited
1. Nautilus, 16, 1902.
2. Amer. Mid. Nat., 8, 1923.
3. Brooklyn Conch. Club Bull, 1, 1907.
4. Annals Lyceum Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1870.
5. Fauna of New England, Part 13, List of Mollusca, Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist., 1915.
6. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Handbook Series, No. 9,
HELIX NEMORALIS IN MASSACHUSETTS
BY CHARLES W. JOHNSON
When a species is deliberately introduced and becomes estab-
lished, the interest attached to it is slight in comparison with
an introduction that has been accidental and which when dis-
covered has assumed the proportions of a large and flourishing
colony.
Through the kindness of Mr. Albert P. Morse, I received an
interesting series of Helix nemoralis Linn., collected by Miss
Marion F. Lewis at Marion, Mass., October 10, 1926. Miss
Lewis found them in one place along a stone wall beneath some
nasturtium plants. She was unable to ascertain when they
were first observed, or the extent of their distribution. The
collection of 31 specimens comprises 18 of the yellow form var.
lihellula and 13 of the dark reddish-pink form var. rubella^ which
show the following banding:
Var. libellula
1. 12345. 6. 00300.
1. 123(45). 7. 00000.
3. 00345.
94 THE NAUTILUS.
Var. rubella
1. 12345. 1. 00000.
11. 10300.
To attain this amount of variation would indicate that this
colony of H. nemoralis has been there for some time. We trust
that another season's investigation will throw some possible
light on the time and manner of introduction, and also their
present distribution and abundance.
A closely related species Helix hortensis Miill. is an old-timer
along our immediate sea coast (see The Nautilus, Vol. 20, pp.
73-80, 1906). H. nemoralis was introduced by W. G. Binney
at Burlington, N. J., in 1857. They increased with great
rapidity and are still to be found there. A colony was dis-
covered at Lexington, Va., in 1886 (see The Nautilus, Vol. 3,
pp. 51 and 73, 1889), These are still abundant and exhibit
great variation in banding. In The Nautilus, Vol. 31, p. 107,
1918, Mr. Manly D. Barber records a colony of H. nemoralis at
Knoxville, Tenn. These had been introduced about eight years
before, having been brought from Lexington, Va., by Mrs.
Chas. C. Ross. On September 2, 1925, Dr. A. E. Ortmann
discovered a flourishing colony at Lynchburg, Va. (Nautilus,
Vol. 39, p. 73, 1926). These had also probably been trans-
planted from Lexington, Va.
CHARLES HEDLEY
The sudden death of Mr. Charles Hedley which occurred at
his residence, " Nukulailai," Mosman (Sydney), on Septem-
ber 14th, has removed from our midst one of Australia's most
eminent scientists and one who was deservedly popular among
a large circle of friends both here and abroad.
He was born in England in 1862, and spent much of his
youth in the south of France and in Switzerland. He came to
Australia as a young man and was for some time on the land
in Queensland. But natural history always had a strong at-
traction for him, and in 1889 he entered the service of the
Queensland Museum, Brisbane, and later, as naturalist, accom-
THE NAUTILUS. 95
panied Sir William Macgregor on an expedition to British New
Guinea. In 1891 he removed to Sydney and became attached
to the Australian Museum, where in 1896 he became Conchol-
ogist and in 1908 Assistant Curator. In 1920, on the death of
R. Etheridge, Junior, he became Acting Curator and subse-
quently Principal Keeper of Collections. He resigned in 1925
to become Scientific Director of the Great Barrier Reef Investi-
gation Committee and was still in the service of the committee
at the time of his death.
Mr. Hedley was recognized as one of the world's leading con-
chologists, and there were few branches of zoology of which he
did not have an extensive knowledge. He was an accomplished
botanist and ethnographer, and had made a profound study of
zoogeography, in which he was an acknowledged leader.
Mr. Hedley was an intrepid and seasoned explorer; he had
traveled widely and had made many extended trips to Torres
Strait, New Guinea, and various Pacific islands, and few men
had a more intimate knowledge of the Pacific and its inhabi-
tants.
In 1896 he accompanied the Royal Society of London's ex-
pedition to bore the Funafuti Atoll and made important con-
tributions on the ethnology and natural history of the island to
the Memoir issued by the Trustees of the Australian Museum.
He was a Fellow of the Linnean and Malacological Societies
of London, an Honorary Member of the New Zealand Institute,
and of the Royal Societies of Victoria, Queensland, South Aus-
tralia and Western Australia, and a Corresponding Member of
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. He was a
past President of the Royal, the Linnean and Royal Zoological
Societies of New South Wales. In 1916 he gained the David
Syme Prize for Scientific Research and in 1925 the Royal So-
ciety of New South Wales awarded him the Clarke Memorial
Medal, the highest honor in its gift.
He was completely absorbed in his work and was always
ready to make sacrifices in the interest of scientific advance-
ment. He was a most generous donor to the Australian
Museum both in specimens and works of reference, and many
of his collecting trips, which invariably yielded a rich harvest
of results, were financed by himself.
96 THE NAUTILUS.
Mr. Hedley was invariably courteous and kindly, and his
charming personality and accomplishment as an expositor and
conversationalist had endeared him to a large number of friends.
He was always helpful to younger workers, many of whom ac-
knowledge their indebtedness to his encouraging assistance and
advice. He was exceedingly energetic and took great pleasure
in long treks on foot through the bush and by the seashore and
those who were privileged to accompany him on his walks de-
rived great enjoyment from his entertaining and informative
conversation.
Only recently Mr. Hedley returned to Sydney from Queens-
land and was happily making preparations for a trip to Japan
as one of the Australian representatives to the Pan-Pacific Sci-
ence Congress. He contracted a cold and more serious symp-
toms followed, but no one anticipated that his death would
occur so soon.
By the staff of the Australian Museum, many of whom had
been associated with Mr. Hedley for a long period and had ex-
perienced many kindnesses at his hands, his death is keenly
felt, and the utmost sympathy is extended to Mrs. Hedley and
his adopted daughter. — The Australian Museum Magazine, Oct.-
Dec, 1926.
DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE PARTS OF THE MANUAL OF
CONCHOLOGY, FIRST SERIES (CEPHALOPODA, MARINE
GASTROPODA, POLYPLACOPHORA, SCAPHOPODA)
COMPILED BY E. G. VANATTA
The data concerning the first ten volumes are from Mr,
Tryon's subscription book, in which the date of issue of each
part is given. Dates of sending out of the subsequent volumes
are from the books in which the sendings to subscribers were
recorded.
Dates of publication of the parts of Vols. I to IX, Second
Series, were published in the Index to the Helices, 1895, p. 116.
In the table there given two mistakes were made:
THE NAUTILUS. 97
Vol. II, Part 8, date should be Nov. 24, 1886.
Vol. Ill, Part 9, date should be Feb. 7, 1887.
Vol. I. Part 1, pages 1- 64. Dec. 30, 1878.
2, 65-128. Mar. 29, 1879.
3, 129-192. June 28, 1879.
4, 193-316. Oct. 6, 1879.
Vol. II. Part 5, pages 1- 64. Jan. 2, 1880.
6, 65-128. Mar. 31, 1880.
7, 129-192. July 6, 1880.
8, 193-289. Oct. 25, 1880.
Vol. III. Part 9, pages 1- 64. Dec. 31, 1880.
10, 65-128. Mar. 28, 1881.
11, 129-192. June 6, 1881.
12, 193-310. Oct. 3, 1881.
Vol. IV. Part 13, pages 1- 64. Jan. 3, 1882.
14, 65-128. Mar. 29, 1882.
15, 129-192. July 3, 1882.
16, 193-276. Oct. 3, 1882.
Vol. V. Part 17, pages 1- 64. Dec. 21, 1882.
18, 65-128. Mar. 26, 1883.
19, 129-192. July 18, 1883.
20, 193-276. Oct. 18, 1883.
Vol. VI. Part 21, pages 1- 64. Dec. 27, 1883.
22, 65-150. April 18, 1884.
23, 151-214. June 10, 1884.
24, 215^413. Oct. 2, 1884.
Vol. VII. Part 25, pages 1- 64. Jan. 12, 1885.
26, 65-152. April 20, 1885.
27, 153-240. July 3, 1885.
28, 241-309. Oct. 12, 1885.
Vol. VIII. Part 29, pages 1- 64. Jan. 23, 1886.
30, 65-128. May 3, 1886.
31, 129-192. July 28, 1886.
32, 32a 193-461. Nov. 24, 1886.
98 THE NAUTILUS.
Vol. IX. Part 38, pages 1- 64. Feb. 7, 1887.
34, 65-128. June 8, 1887.
35, 129-224. Sept. 2, 1887.
36, 36a 225-488. Dec. 10, 1887.
Vol. X. Part 37, pages 1- 64. Mar. 16, 1888.
38, 65-144. July 1, 1888.
39, 145-208. Oct. 1, 1888.
40, 209-323. Jan. 3, 1889.
Vol. XI. Part 41, pages 1- 64. April 17, 1889.
42, 65-128. July 5, 1889.
43, 129-208. Sept. 30, 1889.
44, 44a 209-519. Mar. 7, 1890.
Vol. XII. Part 45, pages 1- 64. May 27, 1890.
46, 65-128. Aug. 12, 1890.
47, 129-192. Dec. 16, 1890.
48, 193-323. May 1, 1891.
Vol. XIII. Part 49, pages 1- 64. Aug. 3, 1891.
50, 65-112. Nov. 3, 1891.
51, 113-160. Jan. 30, 1892.
52, 161-195. April 25, 1892.
Vol. XIV. Part 53, pages 1- 64. July 25, 1892.
54, 65-128. Nov. 25, 1892.
55, 129-208. Feb. 25, 1893.
56, 209-350. July 1, 1893.
53a, i-xxxiv. July 1, 1893.
Vol. XV. Part 57, pages 1- 64. Nov. 16, 1893.
58, 65-132. Mar. 19, 1894.
59, 133-180. July 27, 1894.
60, 181-436. Feb. 2, 1895.
Note. — In the numbering of the plates of this volume, the numbers 51 to
58 were omitted. The work is complete without these.
Vol. XVI. Part 61, pages 1- 48. Aug. 20, 1895.
62, 49-112. Nov. 26, 1895.
63, 113-160. Mar. 13, 1896.
64, 161-262. Sept. 23, 1896.
64a, i-vii. Sept. 23, 1896.
THE NAUTILUS. 99
Vol. XVII. Part 65, pages 1- 80. May 11, 1897.
66, 81-144. Oct. 15, 1897.
67, 145-224. May 3, 1898.
68, 225-348, i-xxxii. Dec. 7, 1898.
AN INDEX TO THE NAUTILUS
Since The Nautilus contains a large part of the literature of
mollusks of the United States produced in the last thirty-odd
years, as well as much relating to other countries, the need of a
general index has often been expressed. Some years ago the
compilation of such an index was undertaken by Mr. John B.
Henderson, and after his death it was completed by Dr. Wm.
H. Dall. Drs. Bryant Walker and Geo. H. Clapp have made
its publication possible, and it is now nearly through the press.
The price has been fixed at $5.00 for the volume of over 400
pages.
We need hardly say that this Index will be invaluable to all
who possess The Nautilus and to workers in Mollusca in all
countries.
NOTES AND NEWS
Professor Addison Emery Verrill, for forty-two years pro-
fessor of zoology at Yale University, until he was made emeri-
tus professor in 1907, has died, aged eighty-seven years. He
was spending the winter at Santa Barbara, California. Profes-
sor Verrill is well known to conchologists for his extensive and
valuable publications on the mollusks of our northern Atlantic
waters and Bermuda, but he was equally an authority on sev-
eral other Classes of invertebrates such as the corals, Crustacea,
echinoderms. More extended notice will follow.
Occurrence of Opercula in Shore Deposits. — I have been
reading a note of yours in the current number of The Nautilus
100 THE NAUTILUS.
and thought you might be interested in another case of opercula
in deposits,
A friend was working on some peat deposits in Sussex
(South coast) containing remains of Bos primigenius and other
late Pleistocene remains, and I enquired of him re shells. He re-
ferred me to the results of their work in the Brighton Museum,
and I found that there were no molluscan remains whatever
except very many opercula of Bithynia tentaculata. No shells
found. My view was that the acids in percolating water dis-
solved the shells, but the opercula being mostly chitin survived.
Whereas in calcareous marls the abundance of CaCOg saved
the shells from being dissolved, the acid being fully used before
attacking them. As to your reference to the Chara deposit
at Hawes Water, I know it well, and have worked it often with
Dean. I think the opercula patches are the result of drifting
caused by wavelets on the lake washing the lighter opercula
away from the heavier shells which are equally abundant. I
hope this may be of interest. — C. E. Y. Kendall, The Uni-
versity, Liverpool.
Correspondence from Florida. — In a letter received from
Mr. Norman W. Lermond, from Gulf port, Fla., Nov. 1, he
says: ''Have been out on four collecting trips since arriving
here a week ago yesterday and have made quite a haul.
Mitchell's Beach, on one of the keys which we reached in a
row boat was literally covered with shells, sponges, coral, etc.
Saturday when in St. Petersburg I collected about 50 lbs. of
fossil shells that were dredged from the bay and used for filling
back of the new Vinoy hotel. Friday I waded along the shores
of Boca Ceiga Bay to Cat Point, opposite Bird Key (U. S.
Government Bird Reservation), and filled a sack with good
sized Busycon perversum^ a few extra large Melongena corona and
one very large Fasciolaria tulipa. I am hunting far and near
for a 24-inch F. gigantea, dead or alive. I was lucky in find-
ing on one beach a perfect specimen of Eaeta lineata with the
animal still alive."
THE NAUTILUS. 101
A New Name for Acm^a apicina Dall. — As it seems there
is an Acmaea apicina of Gray, 1857 (as Patella), my species of
that name which dates only from 1879, may take the substitute
name of A. aleutica. — W. H. Dall.
Malanoides tuberculata moussoni, new name. — The follow-
ing change in Moxasson's subspecies is suggested, as Lea's plici-
fera has ten years' priority: Melanoides tuberculata moussoni, new
name for Melania tuberculata plicifera Mousson, Die Land und
Siisswasser-Mollusken von Java, p. 73, pi. xi, fig. 7, 1849, not
Melania plicifera Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, pi. xxiii, fig. 90,
1839, p. 93.— W. J. Clench.
A large form of OrEOHELIX YAVAPAI IN THE GrAND
Canyon. — Last summer on the Bright Angel trail, in the Grand
Canyon of Arizona, I noticed about halfway up that the bright
red earth contained shells of Oreohelix, to all appearances fossil,
and presumably of pleistocene age. Nearly all those exposed
were broken, and in the short time at my disposal I only ob-
tained one perfect adult; but any one could doubtless collect a
series, given longer time. The shells have in general the char-
acters of 0. y. extremitatis P. & F. but are much larger, max.
diam. 21 mm., the periphery sharply keeled up to about 14
mm. diameter. Impressed groove above suture distinct; penul-
timate whorl with fine close revolving striae above periphery;
brown bands above and below periphery (faintly indicated in
the present condition of the shells); umbilicus widely open,
diameter about 5.5 mm.; diameter of aperture about 9 mm.
The larger size is possibly correlated with a moister climate in
past times, and the form may be regarded as a race or subspecies
fortis, closely related to the much smaller 0. yavapai angelica
P. & F. which occurs living higher up on the Bright Angel
trail. Specimens of angelica and extremitatis from the Grand
Canyon have been compared. Type and an immature speci-
men are No. 141875 ANSP.— T. D. A. Cockerell.
Purpura lapillus and imbricata. — Alphonse Labbe (CR.
Soc. Biol., xciii, 1925, pp. 156-158) concludes from a study of
102 THE NAUTILUS.
the development that all of the young shells have the characters
of imbricata. Those growing up in quiet water or under stones
retain the features of imbricata, but in rough water they develop
into lapillus ; the characters of the latter are not hereditary or
racial but directly due to external mechanical and chemical
conditions. The studies of Dr. H. S. Colton on the color and
sculpture of Maine specimens (Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1916;
Oecology, 1922) led him to conclude that neither of these qual-
ities is induced by the direct action of environment.
A LOST Achatina: A. rucifex (Capello & Ivens). — In the ac-
count of their African travels by H. Capello and R. Ivens,
"From Benguello to the Territory of Yacca" (translated by
Alfred Elwes; London, 1882) these explorers figure very
roughly under the name Bulimus rucifex (Vol. I, page 290;
mentioned on p. 284) a " gigantic *** gastropode mollusc"
found "scattered about" at the village of Muntimbo, about
halfway between the Cuango and the Lu-ali rivers, in the back
country of Angola (somewhere about 10° 40' S., 18° 40' E. of
their map). In the absence of any description the species can-
not be recognized by the crude figure until collected again at
the original locality, but it is an Achatina, and apparently one
of the plain species such as A. bandeirana, without zigzag
stripes. — H. A. Pilsbry.
Is the American Slipper-Limpet (Crepidula fornicata) an
Oyster Pest? — The shortage of oysters (0. edulis) on the
European oyster beds has led to the introduction in many
places of American oysters, on which the American slipper-
limpet (Crepidula fornicata) frequently occurs. Oyster culti-
vators in various parts of Europe are therefore becoming inter-
ested in the possible effects of introducing the slipper-limpet on
their beds, so that it has become a matter of economic interest
to know the results to date of the introduction of this animal
on English oyster-beds since its arrival about 1880 (see Orton,
Proc. Roy. Soc. B. 91, 1909).
The American slipper-limpet {Crepidula fornicata) is un-
THE NAUTILUS. 103
doubtedly regarded as a great pest on the oyster beds in the
Thames Estuary at the present time for the following reasons:
(1) It has spread so rapidly and thrived so well in that
locality that it is possible to dredge 20 tons a day on some
grounds, actually occupied by oysters. In a pit adjacent to —
but not actually a part of — the oyster beds the writer took in
July, 1923, in a few minutes haul of the dredge 2226 limpets
weighing approximately 26 lbs. On all grounds it has in-
creased the labor in dredging, while adding only slightly or not
at all to the income of the oyster-producer.
(2) The limpets attach themselves in piles or chains on the
oysters, which have therefore to be cleaned of limpets as well
as barnacles, etc., before sending them away from the beds.
(3) It is impossible to remove Crepidula entirely from beds,
once it is established on the ground, as it has a free swimming
larva — like the oyster — and in addition changes its sex from
male to female so that every individual may breed as a female
(loc. cit). Moreover, spawning occurs in England from about
March to November, and females may spawn more than once in
a season.
In favor of Crepidula, it may be said:
(1) That it is not an enemy of the oyster but a competitor
for space and food, like sea-squirts, various bivalves, and other
plankton-feeding animals.
(2) That where Crepidula occurs in abundance it can be
dredged in the normal routine of work, and the shells easily
accumulated in great piles and cleaned and bleached to serve as
cultch for catching oyster spat. On some beds Crepidula is
beginning in this way to pay some of its debts to the oyster
producer. There can be no doubt, however, that unless Crepi-
dula can be utilized as food — in a small way its shell is utilized
in England when crushed with oyster shells as chicken food —
it is a great nuisance to the oyster-cultivator.
No serious attempt has been made in England to use the
slipper-limpet as food, but it is probable that if Crepidula
occurred in quantity in France it would be so utilized, and
acclaimed as an undoubted benefit. — J. H, Orton, Marine
Biological Laboratory, Plymouth, January 20 (From Nature
Magazine, Feb. 27, 1926).
104 THE NAUTILUS.
PUBLICATIONS KECEIVED
Land Shells of the Revillagigedo and Tres Marias
Islands, Mexico. By W. H. Dall (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sciences,
Vol. XV (4ser.), pp. 467-491, pis. 35-36, 1926). The total
number of species recorded from these interesting islands is 35,
of which 15 are described as new. The material was obtained
by the California Academy's expedition in 1925. — C. W. J.
A New Margarites from Greenland. By W. H. Dall
(Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. 39, p. 59, 1926). The new
species M. grosvenori was dredged in 30 fathoms at Etah.
New Shells from Japan and the Loochoo Islands. By
W. H. Dall (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., Vol. 39, pp. 63-66, 1926).
One new subgenus of Planaxis, Angiola, and eight new species
are described. — C. W. J.
An Anatomic Study of Zonitoides arboreus Say. By Paul
Bartsch and Mary E. Quick (Jour. Agri. Research, Vol. 32, pp.
783-791, pis. 1-4, 1926). The exhaustive study of this species
was made in connection with an investigation of the sugar-cane-
root disease in Louisiana. As this mollusk plays an important
part in the spread of the root disease, its positive identification
was necessary. The studies prove that those from the District
of Columbia and Louisiana are the same notwithstanding their
diversity of habits. — C. W. J.
A New Slug from Guadeloupe. By H. B. Baker (Occas.
Paper Mus. Zool., Univ. Mich., No. 173, pp. 1-6, pi. 1, 1926).
The species described and figured is Vaginulus (Angiistipes)
antillaruvi.
Naiades of the Green River drainage in Kentucky. By
Arnold E. Ortmann. Ann. Carnegie Mus. XVII, 1926.
The limitation of the Ohio and Cumberland faunas is the
chief topic of this interesting paper. Among the 66 forms,
THE NAUTILUS. 105
there are no Cumberlandian types. Of the three which have
been so regarded, Ortmann now considers that the specimens
from the Kentucky and Green rivers formerly called Alasmi-
donta minor are really A. calceolus, a well known Ohio drainage
form. Micromya nebvlosa (Conr. ), which had been considered
Cumberlandian, is to be united with the northern M. iris (Lea).
Dysnomia torulosa gubernaculum (Rve. ) is a derivative of the
Ohioan D. torulosa, and thus of northern lineage, though it
occurs in the upper Tennessee as well as in Green River. —
H. A. P.
Notes on South African Ancylidae. By Bryant Walker.
Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 175. Gundlachia
burnupi, Burnupia obtusata new species; teeth of G. burnupi and
B. caffra (Krss. ) are figured, the drawings by H. Burrington
Baker.
The Land Mollusks of the Republic of Panama and the
Canal Zone. By H. A. Pilsbry (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
78: 57-126. 3 pL, 40 text fig. 1926). An important paper
enumerating all of the known species and subspecies (77) of
this region. Specific localities are listed where specimens of
the various species have been found, as well as distributional
notes and known range limits. Thirty -four species listed are
known only from the Republic of Panama; of the remaining,
twenty-four species are known northward, thirteen species both
north and south, and six species only southward. Thus, the
faunal afiQnities are pronouncedly Central American. Ten
genera and subgenera and sixteen species and subspecies are
described as new. A new classification of the Sagdidae is given,
involving the recognition of several genera in place of Thysano-
phora, most of the West Indian species being removed from
that genus. — W. J. Clench.
A New Pecten from Columbia. By W. H. Dall. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash. 39 : 61-62. 1926.
106 the nautilus.
New Land and Fresh-water Mollusks from Central and
South America. By Wm. B. Marshall. Proc. U. S. N. Mus.,
Vol. 69, 1926. New forms of Odontostomus, Succinea, Ampul-
laria, Hyria and other naiades from Brazil, Colombia, etc.
Nephronaias lempensis, Salvador, and Elliptio divaricaius, Guate-
mala.
Costa Rican Land Shells Collected by A. A. Olsson. By
H. A. Pilsbry. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil. 78: 127-133. 1
pL, Jf. jig. 1926. A list of the species collected by A. A.
Olsson along the Atlantic Coastal strip of Costa Rica from ele-
vations not exceeding 100 feet. The genera Occidtator and Rota-
discus^ a subgenus and five species and subspecies are described
as new.— W. J. Clench.
Environmental Influences Which Favour the Develop-
ment AND Spread of the Bilharzia Parasite in South
Africa. Food Supply of ^' Physopsis.'^ By F. G. Cawston.
Jour. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1926. The common rush, Cyperus
immensiis, is known to be the favorite food of Isidora africana
(Krs.) popularly known as ^^ Physopsis.^^ This Planorboid
will also feed upon garden truck which is placed in pools and
rivers over night to keep them fresh for market. Inasmuch as
this mollusk is the intermediate host of the schistosomes, such
contamination is a large factor in the spread of the disease. —
W. J. Clench.
Vertigo substriata Jeffreys, Faunae neerlandicae nova
species — een zoogenaamd glaciaalrelikt. Door Dr. A. L. J.
Sunier. Rijks Mus. Nat. Hist., Leiden. This species was first
found in the Netherlands in 1925 at a place called Meer en
Bosch, south of the Hague. It is regarded as a post-glacial
immigrant, perhaps of quite recent date. Its characters and
distribution are fully discussed.
Anatomy of Lanx, a limpet-like Lymnseid Mollusk. By H.
Burrington Baker (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. XIV, No. 8). The
THE NAUTILUS. 107
common opening of lung and hindgut is posterior, the lung be-
ing vestigeal. "On the basis of much of the anatomy, Lanx
could scarcely be separated from the Lymnseidae, but the
peculiar modification of the pallial complex appears to be suffi-
cient grounds for the retention of the Lancidse as a distinct
family, ' '
Synonymy of the British Non-Marine Mollusca (Recent
and Post-Tertiary). By A. S. Kennard, A. L. S., and B. B.
Woodward, F. L. S. Published by the British Museum,
xxiv + 447 pages. Besides giving the synonymy of the genera
and species, this work serves as an index to the many British
monographs and some of the older foreign ones, so far as in-
cluded species are concerned, and to the distribution of the
species. It exhibits also the results of studies in nomenclature
which have engaged the authors during several years. In some
cases, such as Petasina, Helicella, Xerophila, their results have
been challenged. In the matter of emendation of names, the
original orthography has usually been followed, as in As-
siminea, Bithynia ; but in some cases emended forms are used,
such as Limnaea, Goniodiscus, Dreissensia, Tiaridee.
The investigations of the present authors and of many others
have carried knowledge of British non-marine mollusks far
beyond any of the handbooks of the subject, as may be seen in
the systematic index of this work. Thus, Pisidium has 18
species, one only fossil; Sphderium, 7 species; Valvata, 7 species;
Vertigo, 9 species.
The thousands of references to genera and species contained
in this work testify to the industry of the authors. The work
is of permanent value to all dealing with the historical side of
the subject. — H. A. P.
British Snails: A Guide to the Non-Marine Gastropoda
OF Great Britain and Ireland: Pliocene to Recent. By
Arthur Erskine Ellis (Oxford University Press, American
Branch, New York; price $3.50). The author is to be con-
gratulated on the production of a popular manual without sac-
rifice of scientific exactitude. The book begins with an intro-
108 THE NAUTILUS.
ductory chapter, which inckides parts on the anatomy of Helix
aspersa^ classification, origin of non-marine Mollusca and notes
on collecting. This is followed by a systematic list of the Plio-
cene to Recent forms, a synoptic key of the genera, and the
detailed descriptions of the species. The plates, which include
practically all of the species, are mainly photographs; on the
whole, they are exceptionally clear, although the figures of a
few species, such as Ancylus lacustris and Pseudancylus fluviatilis,
are rather unsatisfactory. Two synoptic keys, one systematic
and the other purely artificial, would perhaps have been better
than the attempted combination of both features. The notes
on habits and distribution are especially interesting. Most of
the nomenclature is very carefully worked out, so that such
incongruities as the emended spellings of Lymnaea and Aplexa
are somewhat surprising. The authority for the statement that
Amnicola taylori (p. 81) is a North American species should
have been given. — H. B. B.
On some South African Gulell^, with descriptions of new
species and varieties. By Henry Clipden Burnup (Ann, Natal
Mus. V, May, 1926). A continuation of the much needed
revision begun in the first paper of this series; like all of Bur-
nup's work it is convincing and well illustrated.
New Urocoptid land shells from Mexico. By Paul
Bartsch (Proc. U. S. N, M. Vol. 70, pp. 1-13, pi. I). Sixteen
species, collected by C. R. Orcutt, are described and figured.
American Tertiary Mollusks of the genus Clementia.
By W. P. Woodring (U. S. Geol. Surv. Profess. Paper No.
147-C). The history of this group of Veneridse is traced from
the Eocene to Recent time. It was well represented in the
tropical American Tertiary, but now found chiefly from Aus-
tralia to Japan. The American species are described and illus-
trated.
ARNOLD E. ORTMANN
AliDUt 1!IU0
»?AS*-
The Nautilus.
Vol. XL APRIL, 1927. No. 4
ARNOLD EDWARD ORTMANN
American science has suffered a serious loss in the death
at Pittsburgh of Dr. Arnold E. Ortmann, January 3 of this
year, in the sixty-fourth year of his age.
"He was born in Magdeburg, Prussia, April 8, 1863. He
studied at the universities of Kiel, Strassburg and Jena, re-
ceiving the degree of doctor of philosophy in the latter institu-
tion in 1885. During 1883 he served for one year in the Ger-
man Army Reserve and retired with the rank of lieutenant of
infantry. He was a favorite pupil of Ernst Haeckel, of Jena,
and was with him as an assistant on the expedition which
Haeckel made to Zanzibar. He subsequently served for a time
as instructor in the University of Strassburg. He came to the
United States in 1894 and served as curator of invertebrate
paleontology in Princeton University from that date until 1903
when he became curator of invertebrate zoology in the Carnegie
Museum, Pittsburgh. He became a naturalized citizen of the
United States while living at Princeton. From 1909 to 1910
while retaining his position in the Carnegie Museum he served
as instructor in zoogeography, and from 1910 until 1925 as
professor of physical geography, and from 1925 until his death
as professor of zoology in the University of Pittsburgh.
" While at Princeton in 1899 he was a member of the Prince-
ton (Peary Relief) Expedition. He was a member of the
110 THE NAUTILUS.
American Philosophical Society, of the German Zoologische
Gesellschaft, of the Leopoldinisch-Carolinische Akademie der
Naturforscher, of the American Society of Naturalists and of
the Ecological Society of America. He was a fellow of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science, and
held membership in many other learned societies. He was the
author of numerous monographs and papers upon botany and
aquatic invertebrates. He contributed to Bronn's ' Klassen
und Ordnungen des Tierreiches,' writing the portion of that
great work which relates to the Decapoda. His report upon
the Tertiary Invertebrates of the Princeton Expedition to Pata-
gonia was published in 1902. " ^
In Ortmann's work on zoogeography he left aside the birds
and mammals which had served for the greater part of previous
works, and devoted himself to the evidence of aquatic inverte-
brates. An intimate and exact knowledge of several great
groups, and logical marshaling of the facts characterize his
papers on this subject, the chief of which are: " Grundziige
der marinen Tiergeographie, " Jena, 1896; "The Geographical
Distribution of fresh-water Decapods, and its bearing on an-
cient Geography," 1902, and "The Alleghenian Divide, and
its influence upon the freshwater Fauna," 1913, both published
in Philadelphia. Not less important is the zoogeographic dis-
cussion in his work on the crayfishes. Zoogeographic problems
are considered also in many of his faunistic papers.
Some of Ortmann's early work (1890) had been on Cephalo-
poda. In the last twenty years he returned to the Mollusca, „
taking up the study of fresh-water mussels with the greatest ^
ardor. His investigations extended from the Ohio system to
all the rivers of the eastern United States from New England to
the Carolinas and a partial exploration of the rivers of Georgia,
Alabama and Mississippi. His researches have thrown a great
deal of light upon the geology and transformations of the rivers
of the eastern half of the United States. In the morphology
and classification of Unionidse he was soon recognized as the
chief American authority. He continued and greatly extended
' Quoted from W. J, Holland in Science, Jan. 14, 1927.
THE NAUTILUS. Ill
the system, which he took up where Simpson's great work left
it; and he has set a high standard for future workers on this
subject. The " Monograph of the Naiades of Pennsylvania,"
1919, and "South American Naiades," 1921, both copiously
illustrated, published as Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, may
be mentioned, but every year he produced important papers on
different aspects of the subject. One of his great services was
the work on unionid gill-structure.
Dr. Ortmann was a man of rather over medium height, strong
and well proportioned, cordial and prepossessing in manner.
His enthusiasm for natural history was contagious, and con-
tributed largely to his success as a teacher. He possessed the
ability in an unusual degree of concentrating all of his powers
on the subject in hand. In the field he was indefatigable,
never sparing himself, deterred by neither exposure or fatigue
in the quest of specimens for his researches. In 1911 the Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh recognized his attainments in science by
conferring the degree of Sc.D.
In 1894 he married Anna Zaiss at Achern in Baden, who sur-
vives him, with one son and two married daughters. His
death is a personal loss to a wide circle of scientific friends and
correspondents. — H. A. P.
ADDISON EMERY VEKRILL
In the death of Professor A. E. Verrill, the science of mala-
cology has lost one of its prominent contributors. Professor
Verrill was born in Greenwood, Maine, February 9, 1839, and
graduated from Harvard in 1862, being one of a group of prom-
inert naturalists in the famous Penikese class of Professor Louis
Agassiz. He was professor of Zoology at Yale from 1864 to
1907, and assistant in the U. S. Fish Commission from 1871 to
1887. He was the author of many papers on the mollusks of
the Atlantic coast. The " Report on the Invertebrate Animals
of Vineyard Sound and Adjacent Waters," 1873, was a valu-
able work, revising the obsolete classification of the mollusks of
112 THE NAUTILUS.
Gould's Invertebrata of Massachusetts. Other excellent papers
appearing in the Reports of the Fish Commission are " Results
of the Explorations made by the steavaer Albatross ^^ in 1883,
and Report on the Cephalopods of Northeastern Coast of Amer-
ica, 1882. The paper "Catalogue of Marine Mollusca added
to the Fauna of New England," appeared in the Trans. Conn.
Acad., Vols. 5 and 6, 1882-85, and a stud}' of the Family
Pectinidae in 1887. The Cephalopods of the " Blake" (Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., Vols. 8 and 11) appeared in 1881 and 1883.
Numerous papers were also published in the American Journal
of Science. His great work on the Bermuda Islands (Trans.
Conn. Acad., Vols. XI and XII, 1902-1907) contains much of
interest pertaining to the Mollusca, as well as to other branches
of the zoology, the geology and history of the island. — C.W. J.
LAND AND FRESH-WATEE SHELLS FROM NEWFOUNDLAND
BY E. G. VANATTA
The following is a list of the species of shells collected by
Bayard Long in Newfoundland during July, August and Sep-
tember of 1925 and 1926. The smaller forms were picked from
debris scraped from rock crevices and the surface of the ground
in thickets and damp spots. The specimens referred to in The
Nautilus, Vol. 38, 1925, p. 93 as Vertigo hoppiif prove to be
Vertigo modesta. All the specimens are in the collection of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
Helix hortensis Miill. Doctor Hill and Bard Harbor Hill,
Highland of St. John, St. John's Bay, Straits of Belle Isle;
French Island = Tweed Island, and Lark Island, Bay of Is-
lands, Newfoundland.
Ptipilla muscorum L. Doctor Hill; Anse aux Sauvages near
Cape Onion; Ha Ha Cape, Ha Ha Bay; Cape Norman.
Vertigo modesta Say. Anse aux Sauvages, Sacred Island off
Cape Onion, Brig Bay, Ha Ha Cape, Yankee Point, Savage
Point, Back of Savage Cove, Sandy Cove = Poverty Cove, Bard
Harbor Hill, Doctor Hill.
THE NAUTILUS. 113
Vertigo modesta Say. approaching form castanea St. Brandy
Island = Schooner Island, Pistolet Bay; Cape Norman; Flower
Cove.
Vertigo modesta Say. var. 'parietalis Anc. Anse aux Sauvages,
Sacred Island, Ha Ha Cape.
Vertigo ventricosa Mrse. var. elatior St. Schooner Island.
Vertigo coloradensis Ckll. var. basidens P. & V. Ha Ha Cape,
Bard Harbor Hill.
Columella edentula Drap. Anse aux Sauvages, Sacred Island,
Schooner Island, Cape Norman, Savage Point, Yankee Point,
Ha Ha Cape, Doctor Hill.
Zoogenetes harpa Say. Ship Cove, Sacred Bay; Anse aux
Sauvages; Deer Pond Brook, Bard Harbor.
Cochlicopa luhrica Mull. Schooner Island; Ha Ha Cape;
Tweed Island; Eddies Cove Brook, Eddies Cove; Back of Savage
Cove; Bard Harbor Hill; Doctor Hill.
Polita hammonis Strom. Anse aux Sauvages, Schooner Is-
land, Cape Norman, Tweed Island, Ha Ha Cape, Bard Harbor
Hill, Doctor Hill.
Euconulus fulvus Drap. Anse aux Sauvages, Schooner Island,
Cape Norman, Savage Cove, Ha Ha Cape, Bard Harbor Hill,
Doctor Hill.
Zonitoides arhorea Say. Burnt Cape, Pistolet Bay; Bard Har-
bor Hill, Doctor Hill.
Vitrina limpida Gld. Anse aux Sauvages, Sacred Island,
Cape Norman, Ship Cove, Ha Ha Cape, Flower Cove, Bard
Harbor Hill, Doctor Hill.
AgrioUmax agrestis Miill. Rard Harbor Hill, Doctor Hill.
Agriolimax campestris Binn. Mauve Bay near Cape Baud,
Lark Harbor, Back of Savage Cove, Ha Ha Cape, Yankee Point,
Flower Cove, Doctor Hill.
Avion hortensis Fer. Lark Harbor.
Gonyodiscus cronkhitei Newc. Anse aux Sauvages, Yankee
Point.
Gonyodiscus cronkhitei Newc. var, anthonyi Pils. Cape Nor-
man, Ha Ha Cape, Back of Savage Cove, Bard Harbor Hill,
Doctor Hill.
Punctum pygmaeuvi Drap. Bard Harbor Hill.
114 THE NAUTILUS.
Succinea ovalis Say. Lark Harbor, Savage Cove, Flower Cove,
Eddie's Cove, St. John's Island, Bard Harbor Hill, Doctor
Hill.
Succinea avara Say. Sandy Cove, Cape Norman, Yankee
Point, Four Mile Cove, Big Brook, St. John's Island, Flower
Cove, Back of Savage Cove, Savage Point.
Succinea verrilli Bid. Anchor Cove, Flower Cove, Bard Har-
bor Hill, St. John's Island.
Lymnsea palustris Miill. Cook Point, Pistolet Bay; Schooner
Island; Sandy Cove; Flower Cove; Otter Pond near Plum Point;
Brig Bay; Eddie's Cove; Boat Harbor; Big Brooks; Savage
Point; St. John's Island.
Physa gyrina Say. Otter Pond near Plum Point, Brig Bay.
Planorbis parvus Say. Otter Pond near Plum Point, East
Brook at St. Barbe Bay, Eddies Cove Brook.
Valvata lewisii Curr. Eddies Cove Brook.
Sphaerium occidentale Prime. Otter Pond near Plum Point.
Anodonta marginata Say. Otter Pond near Plum Point.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS OF PLEISTOCENE LAND MOLLUSKS
FROM ILLINOIS WITH REMARKS ON OTHER SPECIES
BY FRANK COLLINS BAKER
The study of a large amount of material from loess deposits
of Illinois, collected by members of the State Geological Survey
of Illinois, has revealed some forms which appear to need recog-
nition either as species or varieties. The modern study of
paleontology has drawn rather more closely the limits of specific
and varietal differentiation than has been thought desirable
previously, but the recognition of the faunas of minor horizons
has necessitated such procedure for the purpose of identifying
the strata by the presence of characteristic variations which are
' Contribution from the Museum of Natural History, University of Illinois,
No. 42.
THE NAUTILUS. 115
constant, though of minor extent in comparison with variations
as found in many recent species. Such minor variations have
been noted among loess fossils from Illinois and adjacent
states, and it is important from the standpoint of the discrim-
ination of interglacial intervals and their variations in time,
that these apparently trivial modifications should be recognized.
My thanks are due Dr. M. M. Leighton, Chief, Illinois Geo-
logical Survey, for the opportunity of studying the collections
made by the Survey.
POLYGYRA HIRSUTA YARMOUTHENSIS HOV. Var.
Shell differing from recent hirsuta in being uniformly smaller,
with a straighter parietal lamina which is shorter than in the
typical form, the denticle on the peristome is smaller, the base
of the shell not usually as convex, and the basal callus is not
as heavy.
H. 4.2; D. 6.6 mm. Type.
H. 4.1; D. 6.5 mm. Paratype.
H. 4.5; D. 6.8 mm. Shawneetown Hill loess.
Type locality: Clark Co., 111., 3 miles southwest of Marshall,
in loessal silt. Types: Museum Natural History, Univ. 111.,
P2085; Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 142707.
Distribution: Yarmouthensis occurs in the loess deposits of
Illinois, western Indiana (New Harmony and Mt. Vernon) and
eastern Iowa. Material is not at hand to determine its exact
distribution in Iowa. Stratigraphically it is known from Yar-
mouth to early Wisconsin time.
Remarks: This form of hirsuta is uniformly different from
the large shell so abundant in Illinois and Indiana at the pres-
ent time. Its smaller size (less than 7 mm. diameter) will
always distinguish it from the recent form (8-8,5 mm. diam-
eter), besides which the aperture armature is weaker and the
base less convex. Specimens from Shawneetown (late Wis-
consin) are larger than material from earlier interglacial de-
posits, indicating a variation toward the recent form. It differs
from pilula Pilsbry in the form of the basal notch and in its
more depressed spire. A small form found in Pennsylvania
and other eastern localities is quite similar in form and may be
116 THE NAUTILUS.
more closely related than the large form now living in the same
region. It differs from yarmouthensis in its stronger lij) arma-
ture and generally more convex base, more globular form and
narrower aperture. The eastern form should probably be dis-
tinguished as a geographic race.
POLYGYRA MONODON PEOEIENSIS nOV. Var.
Shell differing from typical monodon in being smaller, with a
smaller umbilical opening, a less elevated parietal lamina which
is usually joined to the basal lip near the columella by a more
or less well-developed callus.
H. 3.9; D. 6.1 mm. Type.
H. 4.1; D. 6.0 mm. Paratype.
H. 3.5; D. 5.6 mm. Paratype.
H. 5.0; D. 7.0 mm. Adams Co., Curtis Creek.
Type locality: Adams Co., 111., Municipal quarry near
Quincy, Peorian loess. Types: Museum Natural History,
Univ. 111., P1910a; Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 142708.
Distribution: This variety has been seen from Yarmouth to
Peorian time. It occurs in Bureau, Adams, and Clark Co., 111.,
and at Mt. Vernon, Indiana. The latter is believed to repre-
sent Sangamon time.
Remarks: This variet}' of monodon is uniformly smaller than
most recent forms and has a smaller umbilicus and less well-
developed denticles in the aperture. Most recent specimens
have a maximum diameter of 8 to 9.3 mm. Specimens from
Mercer Co., 111., range from 7.5 to 8 mm., while the smallest
specimens seen are from Arlington, Indiana, and measure 7 mm.
in diameter. These small forms differ from the fossil variety in
having a larger umbilical opening and a more massive and
higher parietal lamina. Loess specimens from Mt. Vernon,
Ind., measure 4.3 b}^ 7 mm., and have a higher spire than the
Arlington specimens. There is some variation in size among
the loess material, but all have the small umbilical opening and
weaker parietal lamina.
THE NAUTILUS. 117
CiRCiNARiA coKCAVA (Say).
A few specimens from the loess of Mt. Vernon, Posey Co.,
Ind., are smaller and have a more ovate, less rounded aperture
than recent forms from Illinois and Indiana, but not enough
material is at hand to determine whether this is a geologic race
or individual variation. There is great probability that it may
be a geologic variation, as in the other forms discussed.
Anguispiea alternata (Say).
Specimens from Sangamon and Peorian strata average smaller
than material from later intervals and the recent fauna, the
former having a maximum diameter of 17-17 mm. while the
latter run 20-25 mm. The earlier forms are also slightly higher
in the spire. More material is needed from loess deposits.
GoNYODiscus SHiMEKii (Pilsbry).
An examination of a large collection of this small species
conclusively proves that it is not the same as cockerelli Pilsbry,
having one more whorl (shimekii 5^, cockerelli 4|-), a larger size
{shimekii 7 mm, cockerelli 6.1 mm. diam,), and coarser striae.
Comparisons have been made with cockerelli from Colorado,
Arizona and New Mexico, mostly identified by Pilsbry. Cock-
erelli is to be considered the descendant of shimekii and by stu-
dents of recent mollusks may be classed as a variety of shimekii,
but for geological purposes it had best be considered a distinct
species. It is apparently a horizon marker, having been found
in Illinois only in strata of Peorian age. In Iowa, however,
Shimek has recorded it from Yarmouth deposits in Harrison,
Monona and Pottawattamie counties (see Baker, Life of Pleisto-
cene, p. 256). In the light of the studies of Alden and Leigh-
ton, however, on the lowan loess (An. Rep. Geol. Surv. Iowa,
XXVI, pp. 49-212, 1917) these and other lowan deposits may
be found to be of Peorian age.
SucciNEA ovALis PLEiSTOCENicA nov. var.
Shells differing from typical ovalis in having a rounder aper-
ture and comparatively longer spire; it averages somewhat
smaller than the ovalis now living in Illinois.
118 THE NAUTILUS.
L. 19.0; D. 11.5; Ap. L. 11.5; D. 8.0 ram. Type.
L. 17.2; D. 10.0; Ap. L. 10.-; D. 5.5 mm. Pcaratype.
L. 16.0; D. 9.0; Ap. L. 9.0; D. 6.0 mm. Paratype.
L. 15.0; D. 9.3; Ap. L. 9.4; D. 6.5 mm. Paratype.
L. 11.5; D. 7.0; Ap. L. 7.8; D. 4.9 mm. Paratype.
Type locality: Clark Co., 3 miles southwest of Marshall, in
loessal silt of Yarmouth age. Types: Museum of Natural His-
tory, Univ. 111., P2088a; Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 142710.
Distribution: Clark Co. (Yarmouth); Near Alton, Madison
Co. (Sangamon); Near Alton, Madison Co., Mercer, Warren,
Rock Island, Bureau, Peoria, Union Co. (Peorian). Also in
Peorian loess at Freeport, Iowa. Probably the lowan records
of ovalis refer to this form.
Remarks: This variation of Succinea ovalis is abundant in the
loess deposits of Illinois and Iowa and differs sufficiently and
constantly enough for recognition as a variety of the recent
form. It was apparently characteristic of the dry conditions
under which the loesses were deposited. Immature specimens
have been identified as Succmea grosvenori, from which they
dift'er in the wider aperture and shorter spire. Some forms
somewhat resemble Succmea ovalis chittenangoensis Pilsbry, from
New York State, but the fossil form has a shorter spire and
more rounded aperture than that variety (see Pilsbry, Proc.
Phila. Acad., 1908, p. 50). Pleistocenica has not been observed
from strata later than Peorian. The shorter, wider aperture is
its chief characteristic, specimens of the fossil and of the recent
form of the same size having the following comparative meas-
urements:
Pleistocenica, L. 19; H. 11.5; Ap, L. 11.5; D. 8.0 mm.
Recent ovalis, L. 18.5; D. 11.1; Ap. L. 13.2; D. 8.0 mm.
SUCCINEA GROSVENORII GELIDA UOV. Var.
Shell small, elongated, rather narrow; whorls 3|^, convex,
separated by deep sutures, last whorl comparatively small, flat-
sided, or but slightly convex; spire long, acute; aperture
rounded, about half as long as shell; columella straight curving
into the parietal wall in a gentle curve, not forming a distinct
THE NAUTILUS. 119
angle; there is a slight callus which is spread over the parietal
wall; sculpture of rather fine, vertical striae.
L. 8.0; D. 4.2; Ap. L. 4.0; D. 2.4 mm. Type.
L. 7.3; D. 4.0; Ap. L. 3.5; D. 2.3 mm. Paratype.
L. 6.8; D. 4.5; Ap. L. 3.7; D. 2.2 mm. Paratype.
L. 6.6; D. 3.3; Ap. L. 3.1; D. 2.0 mm. Paratype.
L. 7.4; D. 4.1; Ap. L. 3.7 mm. Paratype.
Type locality: Boone Co., one-half mile northwest of depot
at Irene, in Peorian loess. Types: Museum Nat. Hist. Univ.
111., P875a; Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 142712.
Distribution: Bureau Co. (Yarmouth); Boone Co. (Sanga-
mon); Mercer, Warren, Whiteside, Bureau, Boone, Rock Is-
land, Adams, Carroll, Ogle, Stephenson, Madison (Peorian);
Bureau, Tazewell, Gallatin Co. (Early Wisconsin); Henry Co.
(Late Wisconsin). It is most abundant in the Peorian inter-
val, common in early Wisconsin time, and rare in late Wis-
consin. It is not abundant, apparently, in Yarmouth or
Sangamon time.
This small Succinea has been identified as grosvenori, avara,
and vermeta, and certain specimens resemble each of these
species. In the paper in Journ. Geol., XXX, pp. 44-56, the
writer referred the form to vermeta Say, a variety of avara. It
is not this form, however, being smaller, with a rounder aper-
ture and a relatively longer spire. It appears to be most nearly
related to grosvenori Lea, the fossil resembling certain small or
young specimens of that species. The aperture is, however,
smaller, rounder and less elongated, and the shell is much nar-
rower, besides being only about half the size of adult grosvenori.
Comparisons have been made with specimens from Arizona and
Colorado identified by Pilsbry. This same form was reported
as verrilli Bland by early lowan geologists and the shell, in
many of its forms, does resemble Binney's figure of this species.
True grosvenori is reported from the Iowa loess by Shimek, but
none have been seen from Illinois. Gelida occurs in the lowan
loess and some of the Iowa records of grosvenori may have been
based on this form.
120 THE NAUTILUS.
POMATIOPSIS SCALARIS nOV. Sp.
Shell elongated, tiirreted, scalarif orm ; spire long, scalar;
sutures deeply impressed; whorls about 8, very convex, the
body whorl disproportionately larger than the preceding whorl;
umbilicus round, wide, deep; aperture roundly oval, peristome
thin, continuous, the inner lip forming a rounded, erect border
near the umbilicus.
L. 7.8; D. 3.5; Ap. L. 2.1; D. 1.6 mm. Type.
L. 7.2; D. 3.5; Ap. L. 2.2; D. 1.8 mm. Paratype.
L. 7.1; D. 3.5; Ap. L. 2.1; D. 1.6 mm. Paratype.
L. 7.5; D. 3.4; Ap. L. 2.2 mm. Paratype.
Type locality; New Harmony, Posey Co., Indiana, in Peor-
ian loess. Types: Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. 111., P2321; Acad-
Nat. Sci. Phila., 142713.
Distribution: Clark Co., 3 miles southwest of Marshall, in
loessal silt (Yarmouth); Posey Co., Ind., in loess (Peorian).
Remarks: This Pomatiopsis is very abundant in the loess of
the Wabash River, particularly at New Harmony. It has pre-
viously been identified as lapidaria (Fuller and Clapp, Bull.
Geol. Soc. Amer., XIV, p. 162, 1903; Daniels, Nautilus, XIX,
p. 63, 1905), but differs markedly from that species, which is
abundant in the recent fauna of Indiana and Illinois. The
whorls are shorter and wider, more convex, the sutures more
deeply impressed, there is one more whorl, the umbilicus is
rounder, wider, and deeper, the aperture is rounder and the
body whorl is larger than the preceding whorl. The differences
are so marked that the form must be regarded as a distinct
species, though it is probably ancestral to the living lapidaria.
True lapidaria has been collected in the loess-like clay of late
Wisconsin age in Stephenson Co., 111., associated with Helico-
discus parallelus and Galba oh'ussa, the lapidaria being exactly
like the form living today in Illinois. P. scalaris has not been
seen in deposits later than Peorian.
THE NAUTILUS. 121
A NEW SUBGENUS AND SPECIES OF BULINUS FROM JAPAN
BY WILLIAM J. CLENCH
Museum of Comparative Zoology
CULMENELLA, llOV. Subg.
BuLiNus HiRASEi, nov. sp. Fig. 1.
Description: Shell sinistral, very small, thin, umbilicated,
translucent. Color dull amber. Whorls convex, 2^ to 3,
rapidly increasing in size. Spire produced, nuclear whorl
smooth. Aperture large, flaring, especially at the base,
rounded-ovate. Columellar lip reflected, forming a small um-
bilical orifice. Palatal lip simple. Suture deeply impressed.
Columella very narrow and thin, inclined towards the left and
forming a more or less continuous line with the inner margin of
the parietal wall. Sculpture composed of many spiral ridges,
quite evenly spaced, with minute longitudinal striae between
each ridge.
Holotype. Length 3.4; width 2; aperture length 2.4; aper-
ture width 1.4 mm. Walker 38964 (1).
Paratype. Length 2.7; width 1.4; aperture length 1.9; aper-
ture width 1 mm. Walker 38964 (2).
Paratype. Length 3.1; width 2; aperture length 2.2; aper-
ture width 1.2. M. C. Z. 51424.
Type locality : Province of Kawachi, Japan, "very rare", Y.
Hirase collector.
Remarks : This species of Bulinus is the first to be reported
from Japan, thus extending the range of the genus quite well
into the north, the nearest other locality being the Philippine
Islands.
B. hirasei differs materially from all other species of the
genus Bulinus with the exception of Bulinus (Ameria) aliciae
Reeve,' described from Australia. It differs from this species in
being very much smaller in size, having a smooth nuclear whorl
and a bell-shaped or flaring aperture. The aperture of B.
'Reeve, L., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 100, text figures.
122
THE NAUTILUS.
aliciae does not flare except to a slight degree at the base and
resembles in appearance the aperture of Planorbis scalaris (Jay).
Fig. 1. Bulinus hirasei Clench. Fig. 2. Monadenia fidelis celeuthia Berry.
Fig. 3. Lymncea hedleyi F. C. Baker.
At the suggestion of Dr. Bryant Walker, I take pleasure in
naming this species after the late Y. Hirase, who has done so
much to increase our knowledge of the Japanese fauna.
A NEW OREGONIAN SUBSPECIES OF MONADENIA FIDELIS
BY S. STILLMAN BERRY, REDLANDS, CALIFORNIA
MONADENIA FIDELIS CELEUTHIA new SubspCcicS. Fig. 2.
Diagnosis: Shell of but moderate size and heaviness, conic,
usually fairly well elevated; umbilicate, the umbilicus narrowly
permeable to the apex, and having a diameter varying from ^ to
^-^ the maximum diameter of the shell.
Whorls usually about 6^, the last with the superior portion
descending rather abruptly in front. Aperture ovate, deflected
from the vertical axis about 45-50°, the lower border scarcely
flattened. Peristome but little everted or thickened above, but
more so below and quite strongly reflected over the margin of
the umbilicus, the edges converging and connected across the
whorl by a thin whitish callus.
THE NAUTILUS.
123
Sculpture of nepionic whorls badly eroded in all specimens
seen, but evidently consisting of a very fine and close papula-
tion minutely grilled out by very fine retractively slanting
grooves, the descending ones being a trifle the more distinct.
Lines of growth on succeeding whorls very strongly developed,
wholly dominating the delicate system of grooved-out spiral
sculpturing which covers the entire surface of the shell, and can
readily be discerned by the naked eye, although a little less
distinct below.
Color of base varying from chestnut to a dark liver brown,
the spire variously toned on clouded sayal brown to snuff brown.
Periphery conspicuously decorated with a sharp spiral band of
bright seal brown about 2 mm. wide, set off both above and
below by a similar or more often somewhat narrower band of
warm buff or sayal brown, the upper of which may blend in-
sensibly into the ground color of the spire or be set off by a
narrower and relatively inconspicuous band of hazel. Some
specimens, including the type, show two or three narrow hazel
bands which continue nearly to the apex of the spire, while
one specimen from Prospect has the lower buff band in its turn
set off from the chestnut base by a narrow band of hazel.
Measurements :
T3'pe, from Trail
Paratype
Paratype
Paratype
Paratype
Prospect
Prospect
Type : Cat. 6205 Berry Collection,
same collection as well as Cat. 2237 in the collection of Mr.
Allyn G. Smith.
Tyipe locality: Trail, Rogue River Valley, Jackson County,
Oregon; 6 specimens; Allyn G. Smith, 8: VIII: 1920.
Paratypes in Cat. 6206 of
124 THE NAUTILUS.
Remarks: This very handsome small race of Jidelis seems well
set off from the typical form not only by its small size, thinner
shell, and less conical spire, but b}' the prevalence of multiple
banding. In general appearance it resembles some of the more
southern members of the genus more than any other Oregon or
Washington form I have seen. All the characters noted are
very constant in the material in hand indicating that a well-
marked race is represented. Two specimens taken farther up
the valley at Prospect, Oregon, have, however, a notably wider
umbilicus than those from Trail. Otherwise they are very
similar. The banding details are unusually beautiful.
EXACT LOCALITIES OF CERTAIN CALIFORNIA LAND SNAILS
BY G. DALLAS HANNA
Through an oversight in the transmission of specimens which
Dr. Pilsbry recently studied (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Vol.
78, 1926, pp. 477-488) certain pertinent data as to localities
were omitted. Owing to the tendency toward colonization
among the California land snails, it is always desirable to record
collecting stations as exactly as possible.
Helminthoglypta contracostae Pilsbry. One lot is given as from
"Clear Lake, Lake Co., Calif." Plate 37, fig. 8, No. 22886,
Calif. Acad. Sci. ; this series is from a small wooded island very
near the southern end of the lake, about one-fourth mile north
of the outlet. Another lot, Plate 37, figs. 9-11, No. 22899
(C. A. S. ) is from a knoll in the marshland just west of the
outlet of the lake.
Helminthoglypta nicMiniana anachoreta (W. G. Binney). The
lot of shells from "Upper Lake, Lake County, Calif.", No.
22904 (C. A. S.) is from the rocky wooded land about four
miles above the town of " Upper Lake," which is at the north
end of Clear Lake; a large stream enters the lake from the
north and a road follows the west side of this stream. The
shells were collected along the west side of the road.
THE NAUTILUS. 125
Monadenia mormonum hirsuta Pilsbry. The type lot of this
subspecies (No, 21513 C. A. S.) collected by Dr. Emmet Rix-
ford and me at Mountain Pass, Tuolumne County, Calif. This
is a point where the road from Stockton to Sonora passes to the
right of a large exposure of black basalt. The shells were
found among the loose rocks at the base of this lava cliff.
The numbers cited by Dr. Pilsbry for the California Academy
of Sciences material are the original lot numbers. All type
material in this museum is segregated from collections so that
the specimens he has figured will receive new numbers in the
type series as follows:
Helminthoglypta contracostae Pilsbry. Plesiotypes, No. 2642-
2645.
Helminthoglypta nicklmiana anachoreta (W. G. Binney).
Plesiotypes, Nos. 2636-2638.
Helminthoglypta arrosa mailliardi Pilsbry. Holotype, No.
2646; paratypes, Nos. 2647-2651.
Helminthoglypta tudiculata cypreophila (Newcomb). Plesio-
type. No. 2652.
Monadenia mormonum hirsuta Pilsbry, Holotype, No. 2639;
paratypes, Nos. 2640, 2641.
NOMENCLATURE OF LEUCONIA, MELAMPUS AND TKTJNCATELLA
BY H. A. PILSBRY
In the Proc. Malacological Society XVII, December, 1926,
p. 74, Lieut. -Col. A. J. Peile called attention to the preoccupa-
tion of Leuconia Gray, 1840, by Grant for a sponge (1833), and
he proposes to substitute Leucopepla, type Voluta bidentata
Mont. He includes also in this genus Leuconia occidentalis Pfr. ,
a species of Cuba, Florida, the Bahamas and Bermuda. This
is a rather thinner species than bidentata, but with similar form
and armature of the aperture. Under the microscope it shows
spiral sculpture when unworn, such sculpture being lacking in
bidentata. For this species there is a name Microtralia Dall,
126 THE NAUTILUS.
proposed for Tralia {Alexia f ) minuscula Dall (Proc. Davenport
Acad. Nat. Sci, V, 1887, p. 69) = Auricula? (Microtralia) min-
uscula Dall (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. XXV, No. 9, 1884, p.
117). T. minuscula appears to be specifically identical with
Leuconia occidentalis Pfr. (Mai. Bl. 1854, p. 155; Mon. Auric,
p. 157), which we have from numerous places in Cuba and
Florida.
There is a subgeneric name, Palaeoleuca Wenz, 1922, for the
Paleocene species Leuconia remiensis Boissy.
If Leuconia has to be given up, probably the best course
would be to recognize Microtralia (type minuscula = occidentalis)
as a genus, with Palaeoleuca (type remiensis) and Leucopepla
(type bidentata) as subgenera, if the latter is considered suffici-
ently different. Leuconopsis Hiitton (type L. obsoleta Hutt. ) is
clearly a distinct genus.
Melampus bidentatus Say. In this connection it may be men-
tioned that Say's name for this common East Coast species is
not preoccupied so far as I have been able to learn, and there-
fore need not be replaced by M. corneus or M. lineatus as many
authors have done.
AcMEA AND Truncatella. It is to be regretted that Lieut. -
Col. Peile in his list of Bermudan mollusks has used the name
Acmea in place of Truncatella. I have pointed out in Nautilus,
XLj p. 32, that such usage is inadmissible.
THREE NEW VARIETIES OF CYPRAEA
BY DR. PHIL. F. A. SCHILDER (BERLIN, GERMANY)
Cypraea neglecta. Sow., var. reductesignata, nov.
Shell very cylindrical, covered with pure white enamel
through which the greyish-blue zones characteristic of the C.
hirundo group can be seen; they appear bluish-purple, encircled
with reddish-purple, and they are much reduced. There is
only a narrow line surrounding the spire. A larger spot in the
middle of the back, truncated towards the posterior, but send-
ing out three triangular projections towards the anterior; and a
THE NAUTILUS.
127
small triangular spot behind the anterior extremity; there are
no brownish specks on the back nor square dark spots (usually
to be found in C negleda) on the columellar side. Sides white
with few minute chestnut specks which lie over the white
callus; extremities with similar larger spots except posteriorly
on the left side. Teeth thin and long, interstices very broad;
the posterior columellar teeth cross the base about its middle;
columellar teeth 13, on the outer lip 18. Length 16.25, breadth
8.75 mm.
One specimen: patria?
This striking variety is characterized by reduction of the
bluish markings seen in 0. hirundo L. and its allies, though in
the same pattern; moreover it is suffused wdth white enamel.
Cypraea turdus, Lam. var. (subsp.?) distinguenda, nov.
Shell elongated pyriform, sides not thickened, extremities
produced, the posterior one slightly curved up; aperture scarcely
enlarged anteriorly, columellar teeth finer, closer and more
numerous than in typical C. turdus Lam.
Red Sea: Abajil (1 specimen, Mus. Vienna, Auslria); Ghu-
leifaka (1 specimen, Mus. Vienna, Austria); "Red Sea" (2
specimens, coll. mea).
This variety must not be confounded with var. pyriformis
Sow. (1870, Thes. Conch., p. 37, fig. 284). C. turdus and both
varieties can be distinguished as follows:
128
THE NAUTILUS.
outer lip pos-
teriorly :
inner lip pos-
teriori}' :
columellar teeth :
less prominent less prominent more prominent
less attenuated less attenuated more attenuated
coarse, distant,
12-16 (see
Hidalgo 1907)
interstice between less large
the 1st and 2nd
columellar
tooth :
coarse, distant
large
very fine, close and
numerous (espe-
cially anteriorly),
17-21
very large
The distinctive characters between turdus and distlnguenda are
comparable to those between C. tigris Linn, and C. vinosa Gmel. ;
but distlnguenda has the spire quite concealed. I have seen
many hundred turdus, also intermediate specimens between
turdus and pyriformis but no one between turdus and distinguenda.
All specimens of the new variety have the radial reddish-
brown striae on the extremities more conspicuous than in turdus
proper. There are two color varieties:
1. Back bluish-grey (Red Sea) or bluish-green (Ghuleifaka)
with yellowish spots of rather equal size, sides white, suffused
with rather pale rose color, with few pale orange spots shining
through.
2. Back pale orange (Red Sea) or flesh color (Abajil), with
many small spots and few larger ones, all only a little darker
shadowed; sides much paler with dark reddish spots.
Cypkaea gangranosa, Dill., var. amoena, nov.
Shell suffused with very brilliant white enamel through which
the usual markings shine only in the middle of the back; the
wdiitish spots are mostly ocellated, with pale greenish-blue
points, the larger ones also surrounded with brownish rings,
the interstices are pale greenish gray; dorsal line milky white,
only on its deeply impressed transverse ends, dark reddish
chestnut; sides, extremities and base unspotted, milky white.
One specimen: China Sea (coll. mea).
With regard to its size, shape and markings this shell recalls
Sowerbv's fig. 232 in Thes. Conch. (1870); but the white
THE NAUTILUS. 129
enamel over the back is quite peculiar. Comparable to this, is
the variety of C. negleda Sow., described above. The extreme
ends of the dorsal line are the only parts of the shell not white
enameled and therefore vividly colored.
NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF CYPEAEA
BY H. C. HIGGINS
We who would keep our shell collections as nearly up to
date as possible, rewrite our labels as the rival systematists dis-
play their naming energy and question how much longer it will
continue. Occasionally we change a label almost with a feeling
of sadness as we relegate to the past some such familiar name
as Cypraea pantherina Sol. and substitute for it Cypraea vinosa
Gmel. It seems almost like parting with an old friend.
Attention «vas called to the need of change of name of another
well-known shell, Cypjraea umbilicata Sowb. in May, 1922, by
J. H. Gatliff of Melbourne in a paper entitled " Additions to
and Alterations in the Catalogue of Victorian Marine Mollusca "
read before and published by the Royal Society of Victoria.
The change has probably been made by few American collectors,
perhaps from the fact that no American publication has made
reference to the change, as far as I am aware. However, I am
satisfied that Mr. Gatliff is right and that the change should be
accepted. He calls attention that Mr. Iredale has proved that
the name C. umhUicata is preoccupied by Dillwyn. He refers
to an article by Iredale, Pro. Malacological Soc, London, Vol.
12, 1916, page 93, in which he says: "Dillwyn in his Index
Hist. Conch. List, 1823, p. 32, gives a note identifying List,
fig. 12, thus: 'This shell has been arranged as a variety of
Cypraea pyrvm, and as a separate species in Solander's MS.
with the name Cypraea umbilicata; it has the teeth of a saffron
color, and in Cypraea pyrum they are whitish.' " This quota-
tion validates Cypraea umbilicata as of Dillwyn and invalidates
Cypraea umbilicata of Sowerby, 1825.
As a new name had to be found for C. umbilicata Sowb. the
130 THE NAUTILUS.
varietal name cdha Cox., P. L. S., N. S. W., Vol. IV, 1879,
was entitled to become the species name, and the name C. hesi-
tata was substituted as a varietal name; hence the white shell
formerly known as varietj^ alba becomes the species, and the
shell known as C. umbilicata becomes C. alba Cox variety hesi-
tata Iredale.
I have in my collection two fine specimens of a Cypraea
which is closely related to C. alba hesitata Iredale, but evidently
a good species, C. armeniaca Verco. Sir Joseph Verco gave the
history of this species which at first he thought might be a
variety onl}', a shell with apricot coloration of C. umbilicata
Sowb. , but upon comparison with Tasmanian forms of that
species he remarked: " Mine differ in shape, being more globu-
lar, higher and wider, not only relatively, but absolutely. No
specimens were found that can be regarded as intergrading with
C. alba hesitata, and the shell was raised to the rank of a species
by Verco.
STREPTOSTYLA CHIRIQUIANA AND S, VIRIDULA
BY J. R. LE B. TOMLIN
Streptostyla CHIRIQUIANA Martens, Biol. Centr.-Am. Moll.,
p. 615, Jan., 1901.
Streptostylus flavescens da Costa, Pr. Malac. Soc. London, IX, p.
66, pi. vii, f. 1, Aug. 1st, 1900; not flavescens Sh. 1852.
Streptostylus pallidm da Costa, op. cit., p. 185, March 19, 1901,
new name for flavescens da C.
In a recent paper ' Dr. Pilsbry mentions that he has not seen
this form and surmises that it may conceivably be identical
with viridula Angas, which he figures on p. 96. The type spec-
imen of viridula is very dead and mostly decorticated, measur-
ing 16 mm. by 9^ mm. Pilsbry's fig. 22 C is taken from a
much larger shell, but represents the species well. Our series
in the Brit. Mus. contains another specimen which measures
iProc. Ac. N. S. Philadelphia, Ixxviii, p. 98, 1926.
THE NAUTILUS. 131
16J X 9; there is some variability in length of spire. The color
at present is a dirty white with a slight tinge of yellowish, and
has probably faded. S. viridula is a perfectly distinct species
from chiriquiana and is distinguished by its dumpiness and
greater breadth in proportion to length.
The color of chiriquiana is a curious light greenish waxy
yellow; below the suture there is a striate zone, quite distinct
if carefully examined but obscured by the thickness of the per-
iostracum. The type measures exactly 22x11 mm. The
British Museum has a set of four unnamed, marked " Chiriqui,
3-4000 feet ", which seems to be a faded or more colorless form
of S. chiriquiana.
I write this note on the type specimens at Pilsbry's request.
A NEW VARIETY OF AURIS AUEISSCIURI (GUPPY)
BY GEO. H. CLAPP
AURIS AUEISSCIURI LUTEA, n. var.
Differs from the typical form in the shell being pure white
without any trace of color markings and, in fresh specimens,
covered with a very thin, very pale yellow cuticle; columellar
fold 'white or with a delicate tint of lilac; parietal callus -white ;
microscopic granulation subobsolete and impressed spiral lines
much more distinct than in the typical form.
Length 35.7, diam. 16.5 mm.; aperture, length 21 mm.
A very small specimen measures:
Length 30^, diam. lA^ mm.; aperture, length 18, width
10 mm.
Belmont, near Port-of-Spain, Trinidad.
Have seen five perfectly fresh and several dead specimens,
which had lost the cuticle, so the variety appears to be well
established.
A few eggs received from Belmont measure, approximately,
2x4mm., and the young shells, just out of the eggs, have
nearly 2 whorls.
132 THE NAUTILUS.
Cotypes in my collection and Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
(No. 89700).
In examining a large series of the typical form I find there is
great variation in size and color, some being almost as light as
var. lutea but always showing faint streaks of color, visible
through the shell, and the columellar fold and parietal callus
are brown.
The extremes in over 100 examined are as follows:
Largest: Length 42|, diam. 18|^ mm.; aperture, length 24|,
width 13 mm.
Smallest: Length 31, diam. 14 mm.; aperture, length 18|-,
width d^ mm.
Slender: Length 38^, diam. 15|^; aperture, length 20, width
12J mm.
Globose: Length 36^, diam. 18|- mm.; aperture, length 22^,
width 13 mm.
ANNIE E. LAW
Miss Law was born in Carlisle, England, and was the eldest
of three children of -John Law, Esq., who came with his family
to Tennessee about the year 1850. They made their home in
Maryvilie, Blount Co., Tenn. In the late '60s Miss Law be-
came interested in shells and collected extensively in Tennessee
and North Carolina, sending her material to Dr. James Lewis
of Mohawk, N. Y. If his correspondence happens to be pre-
served it doubtless contains much of interest relating to Miss
Law's activities at this time. Lewis published a catalogue of
the Holston River shells she collected (Amer. Journ. Conch.,
VI, 1870), and two articles on her land shells. She discovered
Vitrimzonites latissimus on Tusquita Bald Mountain, 6600 ft.
(not Tennessee Bald, as Binney states); also Helix chilhoiveensis,
H. laid (a very rare shell), Zonites \_Gast7vdontci] acerra, Z. ceri-
noidea var. cuspidata. Lea named Unio lawi in her honor, and
W. G. Binney named Zonites (Gastrodonta) lawi. After Rugel
she was thus one of the earliest explorers of this mountain
THE NAUTILUS. 133
fegion, where she was followed by Mrs. George Andrews and
finally by Ferriss and his friends.
After the death of her parents Miss Law went to California,
spending four years in Hollister, San Benito Co. Returning
east she spent a year with her friends in Tennessee, afterward
living at Watson ville, Santa Cruz Co., California, where she
died .January 12, 1889. Besides her interest in mollusks. Miss
Law was a musician of marked ability, and was known in the
large circle of her friends for her talents as a poet and writer.
FOREIGN SHELLS IMPORTED INTO THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
BY D. THAANUM
The Hawaiian Islands have an equable climate warm enough
for most tropical plants and animals to thrive, and not too
warm for many of those of temperate climates. Adjusting
themselves to the absence of winter, many species flourish
astonishingly, and some become nuisances. Lying at the
"crossroads of the Pacific," they are visited by vessels from all
■parts of the world, and as some of the early settlers, such as
Hillebrand, were eager to introduce useful and ornamental
plants, it is not surprising that foreign insects, snails and
"weeds" were brought in. Among the land snails introduced
by commerce and now established as residents may be men-
tioned Opens, Cecilioides, Amalia, Agriolimax, Philomycidae,
Veronicella, Eulota and Viviparus. It would be interesting to
trace the dates when these genera appeared, if it could be done.
Of late years, every plant introduced into the Islands is care-
fully examined before leaving the wharf, and its insect and
other inhabitants are picked off, as the damage already done by
imported pests is enormous. A few years ago Mr. D. Thaanum
sent the following list of shells brought in alive on imported
plants and arrested by the Honolulu inspectors.
''From Java: Sabulina odona (Br \ig.); Opeas f^p.
From Manila: Suhidina odona (Brug. ); Opeas javanicum
(Rve. ); Opeas sp. ; two minute species of ' Helix, ^ and one
which I take to be Nesopupa.
134 THE NAUTILUS.
From Fiji Islands: Suhidina octona (Brug. ); Opeas oparanum
(Pfr.); Eulota similar is (Fer. ); Veronicella sp.
From Sydney : Helix aspersa L. ; three immature shells.
From Singapore: A dark-colored form of Nanina crossei
(Pfr. ), adult; Subulina octona ; two species of Opeas.
From Canton: Succinea sp. ; Acmella near A. scalaris Hde. ,
not quite mature.
From Japan: A species of Succinea.
Many of the Subulina and Opeas contained eggs."
NOTES AND NEWS
Note on the genera of Costa's Microdoeide,— In 1861 0.
G. Costa published a paper on minute invertebrates obtained
chiefly from the Mediterranean coast of Africa. He proposed
several new generic names, of which some were based on nepi-
onic stages of larger animals. In order to clarify the synonymy,
I propose to specify types for these genera. Spirolidium Costa,
has eight years priority over Parastrophia De Folin, and is
based on S. viediterraneum Costa. Heliciclla Costa, according to
Monterosato, is based on the young of Danilia and the type is
H. costellata Costa. One of Costa's figures may represent a
Megalomphalus, but this is quite distinct from costellata. For
type of Ammonocerina Costa, I select A. simplex Costa, and for
Protomedea, P. elata Costa. In this connection I may recall
that Monterosato indicates that Maravignia Aradas, has priority
over Fossarus Philippi, but I have not been able to verify the
date of the paper of Aradas. — Wm. H. Dall.
The Relation of Organic Acids to the Presence of Shells
AND Opercula in Sediments. — Piofessor Kendall's brief discus-
sion of opercula in the January number of The Nautilus, in
which he attributes the occurrence of large numbers of horny
opercula of fresh-water gastropods, in deposits that contain no
shells, to the fact that acids have destroyed the shells but failed
to destroy the opercula, is of particular interest to me, because
THE NAUTILUS. 135
it fits into a theory that I recently set forth to account for the
absence of calcareous fossils in formations that are important to
the petroleum industry/ The Mowry formation, deposited in
a sea of great extent, contains vast numbers of the scales of
teleost fishes, which would not be easily affected by acids, but
practically no bones, which would be destroyed by acids pro-
duced by vegetation. Though moliusks probably thrived in
the sea, there is also an almost total absence of shells in the
formation. Almost beyond doubt the shells, bones and teeth
were destroyed by acids in the water at the time the sediments
were being deposited, as natural casts would be found if the
fossils were destroyed afterwards by acids in percolating water.
The same explanation may apply to many other formations in
which fossil shells should occur but from which they are
absent. — Junius Henderson, University of Colorado.
Perna californica Conrad vs. P. hawaiiensis Pease. — In
the January number of The Nautilus I mentioned the fact
that Conrad's name is misleading because the shell occurs in
the Hawaiian Islands instead of California. Attention should
have been called to the attempt of Pease to rename the species
P. hawaiiensis (Amer. Jour. Conch., VII, 25, 1871). He says:
*'The above species is confined in its distribution to the
Hawaiian Islands. As doubts have arisen as to its identity for
reason of its name, which is a misnomer, I have thought ad-
visable to change it." Undoubtedly Pease's name would be a
great improvement, but as Conrad's description and figure
seem quite adequate and Pease does not add anything to the
description, under the rules the change is unwarranted, and
hawaiiensis is an exact synonym of californicus. — Junius
Henderson.
" Newspaper Science " in Scientific Magazines. — " News-
paper science" is not rigidly confined to newspapers. As an
example of the ease with which it may creep into excellent
'Henderson, " Sources of material from which petroleum may have been
derived." Proc. Calif. Acad, Sci., XV, 269-278, 1926.
136 THE NAUTILUS.
scientific journals, the January number of the Condor, at page-
75, mentions hmpets as "crustaceans" and in the same para-
graph also calls them "bivalves," Some of us, in our ignor-
ance, have placed them in our collections with the univalve
mollusks. — Junius Henderson.
The large scientific library of the late Dr. A. E. Ortmann
is, we understand, to be sold b}^ his widow (6310 Monitor St.,
Pittsburgh, Pa.). It will be of special value to a museum or
university in which biological research is carried on.
North Carolina Land Shells. — The following species col--
lected by Mr. S. C. Bishop of the N. Y. State Museum, Albany,
have not often been collected, so that the localities are of
interest:
Vitrinizonites latissim^is (Lewis), Wayah, (Nantahala) Gap,
at 4100 ft. Frying Pan Gap near Big Pigeon Mt.
Mesomphix subplanus (Binn), East fork Pigeon Kiver near
mouth of Hungry Creek,
Polygyra depilata Pils., along Mill Creek, Mt, Le Conte,
3000 ft. Frying Pan Gap near Big Pigeon Mt.— H. A. P.
Lymn^a (Bulimn^ra) megasoma Say. — While at Cobalt, on
September 24th of the present year, an hour or two of leisure
was utilized to visit Sasaginaga Lake, northwest of the town, in
the hope that it would afford specimens of this remarkable
mollusc, which, twenty years ago, was common in Cobalt Lake
itself, but, unfortunately, not collected in quantity before the
waters became defiled.
My expectations were more than realized. Large shells were
to be seen on dense beds of a small-leaved potamogeton in a
sheltered bay, and several were easily secured. This, however,
w-as but a jjrelude. In old prospect trenches, southeast of the
lake, and parallel to the shore, the shell appeared in hundreds.
They were not as large as those in the lake, being apparently
produced from eggs of the previous year, while the lake shells-
THE NAUTILUS. 137
found were three to four years old; but they were in most cases
more than 30 mm. in length, and in perfect condition. Large
suites were easily collected and are now available for distribu-
tion.
L. viegasoma is unique in the lymnoean phylum. No pond
snail found anywhere resembles it in shape or approaches it in
lustre and richness of color. Its only rival in size and elegance
of form is L. stagnalis as found in autumn in Brown's Inlet,
Ottawa, and elsewhere in the Kideau Canal. The types of
megasoma now in the museum of the Academy of Sciences,
Philadelphia, were presented in 1823 by Dr. John J. Bigsby to
Thomas Say, the naturalist attached to Long's Expedition.
Say's description appears on page 11 of the appendix to Keat-
ing's Narrative and his figure on plate XV of the same work.
The locality is stated to be " Bois Blanc Lake, N. W. T."
This lake, as I am informed bjj- Mr. Douglas, of the Geographic
Board, is in the Rainy River District, and is now known as
Basswood Lake. While stagnalis is found circum-boreally in
Asia and Europe as well as in America, megasoma ranges only
from Central Canada northerl}^ and westerly as far as the Nelson
and through the northern United States from Lake Champlain
to Minnesota, with a few outliers southward in Ohio and Iowa.
Near Ottawa it has been found sparingly in but two localities —
in Meach Lake north of the Tilley Cottage, and in the McGoey
pond, east of that lake. An immature shell from Meach Lake,
which I presented to the U. S. National Museum at Washing-
ton, is remarkable for having a broad, spiral band on the bod}''
whorl. Whiteaves has recorded the species from a pond on
Nuns' Island, Montreal, and there is an old record somewhere
by Bell of its occurrence at Hawkesbury, I have found it in the
Georgian Bay, in Lake Temagami, and elsewhere northward,
but never until recently in quantity.
Its occurrence in waters so easily accessible as the Cobalt
Sasaginaga Lake (there are many lakes so named in Canada),
is of importance owing to the rarity and beauty of this unique
species. — F. R, I^atchford, The Canadian Field Naturalist, Nov.
1925.
138 THE NAUTILUS.
The Effects of Changes in Nomenclature. A few days
ago I was naming some shells for a friend. One of these hap-
pened to be a young Busycon perversus. My friend seemed sur-
prised at the genus and said : "Is not that Fulgur perversum. ' '
I said that we used to call it Fulgur, but now we use the older
name of Busycon Bolten. "That is too bad," he said, " Fulgur
canaliculatum is the only shell my wife knows. Now that is
changed, I think she will be discouraged."
There was a young lady in Lyme
Who knew all the shells at one time
But when the}^ used Bolten
Her nerves were all broken
And now she is in a decline. — C. W. J.
Opeas PUMiLUM (Pfr. ) in the United States. Specimens of
this tropical American species were found years ago (1907) in a
greenhouse in Garfield Park, Chicago, by Mr. Jas. Zetek.
Since then it was taken out of doors in a park in Savannah,
Georgia, James B. Clark, 1923, and in Philadelphia (Nautilus,
vol. 33, p. 31, 1919). Also on Dismal Key, Lee Co., Florida,
Clarence B. Moore, 1920. An Indian species, Opeas mauriti-
anum (Pfr.) was found in the palm house. Botanical Garden,
Bronx Park, N. Y., in 1906, Frank C. Baker.— H. A. P.
LiMAX MAXiMUS var. krynickii in the Azores. Dr. Paul
Bartsch sends me a couple of small slugs found on cabbage from
Punta Delgada, Azores, by J. T. Rogers, Horticultural Inspec-
tor, at Charleston, S. C, Feb. 17, 1927. They are juvenile
L. maximus var. krynickii Kal., with the markings on the mantle
unusually heavy. The farm is known from Madeira, but Sim-
roth reported only var. concolor Pini (as cinereus-unicolor) from
the Azores. — T. D. A. Cockerell.
Patella stell^eformis optima n, subsp. The shell is large,
solid, ovate, depressed; sculpture of many low radial riblets
about equal to their intervals, over a coarser sculpture of about
THE NAUTILUS. 139
a dozen low, broad radial elevations. The depressed intervals
between these elevations are mainly dull, deep maroon, and
those between the riblets on the raised radii the same color
diluted. Interior white, the central field clouded with cinna-
mon. Length 84, width 60, height 15 mm.
Yakushima, Osumi, Japan (Y. Hirase).
This may be a race of P. stellseformis, yet it differs conspicu-
ously from all representatives of that species at hand. — H. A,
PiLSBRY.
We have to record, with sorrow, the death of William
Healey Dall at Washington on March 27, at the age of 82.
PUBLICATIONS EECEIVED
Additional New Mollusks from Santa Elena Bay, Ecu-
ador. By Paul Bartsch (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 69, Art.
20, pp. 1-20, pis. 1-3, 1926). In this paper 12 new species of
Pyramidellids and 2 new species of Melanellids are described
and figured. — C. W. J.
The varieties of Planorbis campanulatus Say. By Mina
L. Winslow (Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, No.
180, pp. 1-9, pis. 1-2, Dec, 1926). Five varieties are recog-
nized, two of which are described as new. — C. W. J.
A Revised Check List of Michigan Mollusca. By Mina
L. Winslow (Occas. Papers Mus. ZooL, Univ. Michigan, No.
181, 28 pages, Dec, 1926). The list of 1911 contained 398
species and varieties, the present list contains 428, with notes.
— C. W. J.
Nomenclatoral Notes on American Fresh Water Mol-
lusca. By Frank C. Baker (Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sciences,
Vol. 22, pp. 193-205, 1926). In the family Amnicolidae two
140 THE NAUTILUS.
new genera Hoyia and Birgella and Marstonia, a new subgenus
of Amnicola are proposed. — C. W. J.
Two New Helicoid Snails from the Mohave Desert. By
S. S. Berry. Ann. Mag. N. H. (9), Vol. 18, pp. 490-493.
Helminthoglypta graniticola and H. mohaveana. Related to the
H. trashi group.
Fossil Chitons from the Pleistocene of San Quintin Bay,
L. C. By S. S. Berry. Amer. Journ. Science, Vol. 12, p. 455.
Eight species, all still living, are mentioned.
A Note on the Occurrence and Habits of a Luminous
Squid (Ahralia veranyi) at Madeira. By S. S. Berry. Biol.
Bull., Vol. 51, pp. 257-268. Comes into shallow water of
Funchal Harbor at night during the summer months, supposedly
for the purpose of mating, spawning, or both. — H. A. P.
The Radula of Proserpina. By H. Burrington Baker.
Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 1926, pp. 449-451, fig. Dried examples
of P. depressa from Cuba, collected by E. E. Hand supplied the
radula, which "is remarkably close to that in Calybium mouhoti
from Indo-China." "On the basis of the radula alone Proser-
pina could easil}'' be included in the subfamily Vianinae of the
Helicinidse." The only previous information was from a figure
by Gray, which Dr. Baker thinks was drawn from a Helicina
radula, upside down. — H. A. P.
Diagnoses of undescribed new species of mollusks in the
collection of the United States National Museum. By W. H.
Dall. Proc. U. S. N. M., Vol. 70, pp. 1-11. 27 new species;
among them the following from the United States: Acmaea pul-
cherrima (Guilding MS.), South Florida; Liotia tortugana Tor-
tugas and near Miami; L. huesonica, off Key West; Solariella
periscopia, Cape Lookout; S. crossata, off Fernandina, Fla. ; t'al-
liostoma hendersoni, Sambo Reefs, Fla. ; Emarginula phrixodes, off
Sambo Reef, Fla. ; Bimula aequisculpta, off Ajax Reef, Fla. ;
THE NAUTILUS. 141
Diadora microsticta, S. Florida to Brazil; Puncturella hendersoni,
off Sambo Reef, Fla. ; Scissurella proxima, off S. Carolina; Lepi-
dopleurus carinatus, Eastport, etc. , Maine.
It has always been a mj^stery why so great an institution as
the United States National Museum, which ought to set a high
standard before other workers in descriptive zoology, is willing
to issue unillustrated descriptions by the hundred. Everybody
knows that only a small proportion of the species of shells are
positively identifiable without figures. The effect of such pub-
lications, whether deliberately intended or not, is to discourage
other investigators and drive them out of the field. However
effective for a time, such a policy can hardly be advantageous
to the Museum in the long run. This criticism is not aimed
especially at the paper under consideration, as it applies to
many others published in recent years. — H. A. P.
Genetic Experiments with Pond Snails Lymnaea and
Physa. By E. D. Crabb. Amer. Naturalist LXI, 1927..
Specimens having some peculiarity, such as a notched per-
istome or a prong tentacle, were bred with negative results; it
was evident that the characters were not transmissible. The
author concludes that " the ratios obtained by other investiga-
tors who have mated pond snails can be interpreted only in
terms of matroclinous inheritance, or as being merely fortu-
itous." The new subspecies Physa gyrina hyersi is proposed for
the progeny of two individuals which laid loosely coiled egg
masses instead of the usual reniform kind. P. g. hyersi is not
otherwise defined. The young did not lay coiled egg masses.
Two cotypes have been deposited in A. N. S. Phila. museum,
No. 142547.— H. A. P.
The Fauna of the Ripley Formation on Coon Creek,
Tennessee. By Bruce Wade. U. S. Geol. Surv. Profess.
Paper No. 137. The great variety of families and genera, the
prevalence of large and beautiful species and their wonderful
state of preservation, all make the Coon Creek one of the most
interesting Cretaceous faunas in America. The great value of
142 THE NAUTILUS.
the fauna to palaeontology is from the fact that owing to the
perfect preservation, the true family and generic characters are
apparent, while hitherto the same or related species have been
incorrectly classified owing to their imperfection, as in the case
of many New Jersey Cretaceous mollusks. The interesting in-
troduction is followed by the descriptions of species, some 350
mollusks. Other classes of invertebrates are also included.
We note that the name Dentalium inornaium (page 100) is
already in use (see Man. Conch., XVIII, p. 231). This Coon
Creek form may be called Dentalium demersuvi. D. intercalaium
Wade (not Gould) may become Dentalium wadei. A species of
Scalpellum., (S. gabbi) is described from a carina and an upper
lateral plate (incorrectly called cardinal and scutal plates). It
is very interesting for the modern type of carina (figured in-
verted). Whether it belongs to Scalpellum or to Euscalpellum
is doubtful until other plates are found. — H. A. P.
ZUE MARINEN MoLLUSKENFAUNA SUDKALIFORNIENS. Von Dr.
S. Jaeckel. Zoologischer Anzeiger Bd. 70, Heft 1-2, Feb.,
1927, pp. 45-50. A list of 91 species from Santa Catalina Is-
land and San Diego, collected in 1922 or 1923 by Herr Schroder.
A supposed new species, Pedipes biangulatus is described from
one specimen taken at Santa Catalina (p. 48, figs. 1,2). It is
yellowish-brown, with distinct spiral striae on the first three
whorls, disappearing on the last. The first whorls are weakly
convex; the last whorl has two blunt angles [one at shoulder,
the other between basal and peripheral segments] on the last
part, towards the aperture. The teeth are shown as similar to
those of P. unisulcatus. Length 8 mm., breadth 5 mm. I take
this shell to be merely a very old and somewhat deformed P.
unisidcatus Cooper.
Five other species are reported as new to California: Scalaria
diadema Sow., Mitra melaleuca Quoy, Cypraea annidus 1j., Patella
gigantea Less, and Olivella consobrinn Lischke. Although the
author entertains the idea of possible introduction in ballast, he
remarks that the extraordinarily genial climatic conditions of
southern California allow the colonization of southern species
to appear as not impossible. The allusion to climate will
THE NAUTILUS. 143
naturally appeal strongly to Californian conchologists, but it
remains to be seen whether even that compliment to the ' ' sun-
kist " State will induce them to add these South Sea and Japa-
nese species to the California list. — H. A. P.
The Mollusca Collected by the University of Michigan-
Williamson Expedition in Venezuela, Part V (Occ. Papers,
Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. No. 182, 1927). By H. Burrington
Baker. In the Achatinidse the anatomy of species of Siibidina,
Obeliscus, Opeas, Pseudopeas and Leptinaria is discussed and fig-
ured. Redobelus is a new section for Obeliscus rectus n. sp., a
small, slender species. Dysopeas is a new section for Pseud-
opeas translucidum and other American species of Pseudopeas.
The spiral striation of the protoconch extends upon the later
whorls. A new arrangement of the subgenera of Leptinaria is
given, based chiefly upon the dentition. In the Urocoptidse,
the anatomy of Brachypodella leucopleura and Microceramus bon-
airensis arubanus is described. It is a valuable paper for the
anatomical information given on genera which have been un-
known or very imperfectly known heretofore. In some cases,
such as the transfer of Opeas gracile to subgenus Synopeas, it
seems doubtful whether the characters of the teeth are more
fundamental than those of the shell. — H. A. P.
Gabb's California fossil type Gastropods. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila., 1926, pp. 287-447, pis. 20-32. By Ralph B.
Stewart. The location of the types of Gabb's Palaeontology of
California on the eastern side of the continent, the workers on
Californian paleontology on the western, has resulted in various
erroneous identifications and a good deal of uncertainty. Mr.
Stewart, familiar with the West Coast collections through
several years' study, seeks to clear up the situation so far as
possible by figuring the types or lectotypes, revising their class-
ification and nomenclature according to modern standards, in-
dicating the type localities and horizons, and discussing their
relationships with other species. The work covers Cretaceous
and Tertiary forms. The term Paleocene is used for the Mar-
tinez horizon, which is contrasted with the Eocene proper or
144 THE NAUTILUS.
Tejon group. The changes in current classification of Cali-
fornian fossils are too numerous for enumeration here; those
interested will consult the paper.' The discussions of the class-
ification and nomenclature of naticid and strombid gastropods
are particularly interesting. Plejona Bolten is shown to have
Vohda ebroea as type; the fossil Plejonas (in Dall's sense) will
be called Volutospina Newton. Tlie following new genera are
proposed.
Olequakia, type Tritonium hornii Gabb.
Whitneyella, type Fasciolaria sinuata Gabb.
Pledocion, type Neptunea curvirostris Gabb.
Nekewis, type Fasciolaria io Gabb.
Perissitys, type Perissolax brevirostris Gabb.
Cophocara, type Cophocara stantoni (n. n. for Perissolax brevi-
rostris Gabb, in part).
Noetica, type N. gabbi (n. n. for Cylindriies brevis Gabb).
Lithophysema, type Ham'tnea grandis Aldrich, Eocene of
Louisiana.
The following are new specific names:
Amaurellina moragai. Ranellina pikbryi.
Cypraea castacensis. Brachysphingus gabbi.
Ficopsis cooperiana.
While the work will be of special use to West Coast palaeon-
tologists, it has also a wider interest on account of the incidental
discussions mentioned. — H. A. P.
A Revised Check List of Michigan Mollusca. By Mina
L. Winslow. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. No. 181.
The place of description, type localities and location of type
specimens are given for all forms described originally from
Michigan. Various species erroneously attributed to the State
in former publications are discussed. 49 species and subspecies
here appear on the Michigan list for the first time. No less than
87 species of Pisidium are enumerated, and 8 of the total of 428
are foreign species. It is an interesting and valuable list. —
H. A. P.
' Separate copies are obtainable from the Academy.
MBl WHOI LIBRARY
liiH 17Xb A