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NAUTILUS.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF

CONCHOLOGISTS. *

— ee

VOL. X.

MAY, 1896, to APRIL, 1897.

PHILADELPHIA :

Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON.

J@lals NAUTILUS Ole

IXDEX TO TITLES AND SPECIES DESCRIBED.

Achatinellidze, description of two new species

Agriolimax campestris in the Pecos Valley, N. M.

Amastra aurostoma, n. sp.

American Association of Concholmaieta :

Amnicolidz, note on the genera of South item :

Anctus (?) Stearnsianus Pilsbry, n. sp. :

Arion hortensis in green-house, Seattle, Wash.

Aspergillum giganteum Sowb. ee

Bahia, Brazil, list of Pollueks collected oe De Ht von

Ihering

Bulimulus hypodon Eyishry,. n. sp.

Bulimulus lamellifer Pilsbry, n. sp. .

Bulimus, a new species of .

Bulimus galericulum Mouss., on the generic ection Wh :

Bulimus Hanleyi and B. coronatie noteon . .

Callista varians Hanley in eastern Florida

Callistochiton decoratus var. punctocostatus Pilsbry, n. var.

Campbell, John H., in memoriam. . .

Campeloma an Say, reversed

Carychium exile, note on .

Casco Bay Notes :

Chitons, notes on some West ‘Amenean :

Chondropoma (Ctenopoma) Bahamense Shutt at ‘Wey West

Cochlicella ventricosa Drap. near Charleston, S. C.

Conrad, Timothy Abbott .

Cuttle fishes washed ashore in San Brito Bay

Cyrenoidea caloosaensis Dall,n.sp.. . .

Cyrenoidea floridana (Dall, MS. 1889) n. sp. .

Cyrenoidea, on the American species of .

lv THE NAUTILUS.

Draparnaudia Montrowz . . . . -QiMeiewee eee 110

Editorial correspondence . . . . ees Gl 53

Endodonta (?) tenuiscripta Ancey,D.sp.. ....... 90

Ervilia ‘concentrica. Gould,. - . Sieweames) » 0 Aue 26

Ervilia maculosa Dall, nu. sp.. . Gee. ee 26

Ervilia nitens (Mont.) Turton . . See) 5. eee 25

Ervilia, the American species of . Siareuen-) i (05am 25

Ervilia subcancellata Smith... . ee. <0 ee 26

Extracts from a note-book. . . Siwese -) 2 eee 82

Fossils of Dead Man’s Island . . 4 .9.,.%>. ..:: 140

Fossil shells of San Pedro Bay . Saige.) fc 33

Goose Fair Brook... . . 8: 15

Helicina plicatula var. aii stoplior! Eisai WAP sa ae 118

Helix alternata, influence of environment upon the form

and colorof. . . . . . . GimNeweye-an ieee 63

Helix nemoralis at Lexington, Via 5. Ee rae 142

Ianthina . . . ime 133

Isaac Lea Deparment ae Noes Aerention: 10, 33, 45,

56, 68, 81, 92, 106, 112, 123, 140

Ischnochiton scabricostatus Cpr. . . 49

Land and fresh water shells collected by ie mate EE Rue

in Uruguay and Argentina . . . 76

Land mollusca from the rejectamenta of che Tie Gude

Nap Mie agers s- ae 41

Land shells of Mouece City anid distrige Mates Ol< Gea 98

Large Decapod .. =... . . » aRgpeeee yee 108

Jueda caelata Hinds; note on. . Geeeuse -) oh) cee 70

Ledacellulita Dall;n. sp... . . Bigeeee sce ee 1

Leda conceptionis Dall, n. sp.. . @aauce> =). eee 2

Leda from the Pacific Coast, new species of. . . .. . I:

ILedaleonina Dall, n.sp.'. :... . SRR ee 2

Leeda: pontonia Dall... . .. . SRR aes eee 2

Lepyrium Dall,n.gen;. . . . . 3 feie,goee eee 15

Lia, note on. . . Gk se 47

Limnea bulimoides Teen resisting ‘dtouehes neem. «> 96

Mactra, note on. .. . werd tS 47

Mactrella Iheringi Dall,n.sp.. . . :, ae 123

Marine shells on the southern C: ieee Goast ee se 56

Melania vatensis Ancey,n.sp. . . 295 +2) cee 90

Methods, chapteron .. ... . . oi eeede ee 43

THE NAUTILUS.

Mexican land shells . 59

Moores, Henry, in memoriam . 128

Mopalia imporcata Cpr. 49

Neobeliscus, n. gen. 5 ae 46

Neritina coccinea Ancey, n. sp. . 91

Neritina Showalteri Lea, note on . 13

New or rare species of marine mollusca aeranitle fc in

British Columbia . > eee 16

New publications received. . . . 2, 23, 35, 47, 60, 70, 120; 131

New Hebrides Archipelago, new shells from the . . . . 90

Moteandenews. . : . . 22, 34,47; )9;-70, 96, 108, 117, 130

Notes on collection of shells in museums of Paris, Berlin

and Amsterdam . 61

Notes on Florida mollusca . 40

Notes on mollusks of Florida . 27

Notes on new species of Amnicolidee Palleceed: he pe Rush

in Uruguay : 86

Notes on some Ontario Melle. 10

Odor of snails . 84

Olvia, some references to ihe. genus (Gllnstrated) -. 3

Paludina heterostropha Kirtland . 23

Partulina Hayseldeni . 31

Pisidia, a few notes on . 8

Pisidia, descriptions of new . 20

Pisidium fallax Sterki, n. sp. . 20

Pisidium pauperculum Sterki, n. sp. . 64

Pisidium scutellatum Sterki, n. sp. . . 66

Pisidium vesiculare Sterki, n. sp. . atc 4 rab 21

Piaaorims nautilens Iu. in America .73)5).0. . 117, 130, 189

Pomatiopsis Hinkleyi Pilsbry, n. sp. . 37

Postage on specimens of natural history . 127

Potamolithus, new genus . 86

Potamolithus bisinuatus n. sp. : 88

Potamolithus bisinuatus obsoletus, n. var. . 88

Potamolithus dinochilus n. sp. . 87

Potamolithus gracilis n. sp. 88

Potamolithus gracilis viridis, n. var. 89

Potamolithus hidalgoi, n. sp. . 87

Potamolithus Iheringi, n. sp. . . 87

Potamolithus lapidum supersulcatus, n. var. 88

vi THE NAUTILUS.

Potamolithus microthauma n. sp. .

Potamolithus Orbignyi, n. sp.

Potamolithus Rushii Pils., n.sp. .

Potamolithus Sykesii,n. sp. .

Pseudopartula Pfr. ‘

Puget Sound, notes on some shell han

Punctum conspectum var. pasadenz Pilsbry, n. var. .

Pupa, a new form of .

Purpura lapillus var. umbricata .

Pyramidula strigosa, young .

Schmacker B. (obituary) .

Shells of Maryland .

Sinistral land shells .

Snailery, my .

Some land shells of Wivakiean

Sphaeria, a word about .

88, 89

Sphyradium (Pupa) edentulum Dee ihe eyienanee posi-

tion of .

Sulcobasis, anatomy of .

Synapterpes, n. gen. :

Trachydermon Sharpii alter: n. sp.

Tray of shells from Denmark .

Unionide, descent and distribution of .

Unio Askewi Marsh, n. sp., pl. I, figs. 3, 4

Unio Brimleyi Wright, n. sp.

Unio Burtchianus Wright, n. sp. .

Unio Kirklandianus Wright, n. sp.

Unio Lehmanii Wright, n. sp.

Unios, the muscle scars of .

Unio Pinkstonii Wright, n. sp. :

Unio superioriensis Marsh, n. sp., e I; hes 1, 2, a4

Unios of Illinois River .

United States Unionide, contrihune ‘oF a nowhere a

Vallonia pulchella in Pittsburgh. . .

Van Nostrand, Henry D. (obituary) .

Vertigo coloradensis and its allies .

Vitrea cellaria Mull., notes on .

Weight and size of shells .

Zonites glaber Stud. and Zonites noida Dio in green-

houses, Seattle, W ashington .

91, 121

103, 121

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.

eee. |, MM en me we sey. 90,104

MCGOEIS hai... | A we Ss 80, 140

Pei) Peewee |. | I 3

Rgeaaweeireme ev. |. | ME eee 82

Piomeebircos fone... |. AS ck Se es OR 142

MamippclioMns sme G, . 2 2 Beh ee we ee 56

lin (Geis 1 oy 20a rere? 148

Cockerell, T. D. A. a... ee. ooo al Lot 143

Dall, Wai et. |. Me eso, Ole aad oe

Pirkei Maric... . .' Mees, 2 ela aS 68

ih. Tiitt STE al A le er oo i

Shiri EL bk ne i 43

Sram e , . . . Me ee 98 130

PeMMeCrAON GNM Dm ce... MM ee ee 72, 128

= DEST ON I, P< ore 9 3 61, 128, 144

J ESET cS tee tee, en: 124

moaeie eames Ely ape. |. Me Se 10

Lowe, Hi. iat eee. | ME ME for ae hn 11

Marsh, Wn. eer eee: . . Cinco oh. tg. . Ot 108

Mazyck, ecw. Me 105

ats ein eey (OM ee eo a ais 16

iearetiaty es. |. eis LY BAO

“| DERG LOS Se, | Ge gs cr 13

Peauty rt. A. =. .-. 21, 37, 4ieeao. 49) 76,86, 102, 109, 118

LTD a) Eo a > 70

Peabeeioe kaymiond:) : . . . Mes tes 3

Meneewbatwarde Wes... .. MMM, . ss. ss 29

Rush, Wm. H. . C... o————— e 76

Simpson, Ghai. ©... ee se. 29, 57, 13:

Smith, H. . . ne. . 2 Spe yeee 84

Soper, Miss C.. . a... | ae a iS

Stearns, Peer. |. | MI 85

ence Dreyer. , . . . eae ok. 2 8P-20) 64°75

Streng, DH: , ee oS seer seas 23

Strode, Tr a ee 106

Taylor, Se ee | en ee 135

Valse 16s ae 142

Pine eiranicen .. . . lw 3 AEB cee es 40

Willcox, Joseph. . . . ae 27

Williamson. Mrs. M. Burton . Aes "10, 39, “112, 123

Maniieyeticnry W. . . . . Hime 2 . = 5, 38, 47, He

Miitieneeeeriin Ee. | |. Ms

Sarre EArt i. - «MM se we 136

(vii)

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Tue NeavTILus.

VOL. x. MAY, 1896. No. 1

NEW SPECIES OF LEDA FROM THE PACIFIC COAST.

BY WM. H. DALL.

The species of Leda from the littoral zone north from Panama

are not numerous, though individuals are plenty in suitable locali-

ties. Leda hamata Cpr. is only known from the Sta. Barbara

Islands. Leda celata Hinds ranges from Bodega Bay to Lower

California in 6 to 60 fms. Leda fossa Baird is known from Bering

Sea to Puget Sound. Leda cuneata Sby., from Panama to Mon-

terey and also in the Atlantic. Leda minuta Fabr., a circumpolar

species, reaches south as far as Puget Sound on the Pacific. Omit-

ting some Arctic and abyssal species, the above-mentioned five spe-

cies include all hitherto recognized from the western coast of the

United States. I am now able to add three well defined species to

the list.

Leda cellulita n. s.

Shell solid, with a dull olive-gray epidermis, moderately convex,

with subcentral, not prominent beaks, base profoundly arcuate, an-

terior dorsal slope rounded, posterior straight or slightly concave ;

posterior extreme bluntly pointed; escutcheon large, transversely

striate ; lunule not differentiated but similarly striate; sculpture of

fine sharp, concentric grooves with wider interspaces, less arcuate

than the incremental lines; chondrophore small, triangular, not

projecting, with 22 anterior and 16 posterior hinge teeth on the

cardinal border. Height 10-5; diameter 7:2; length 15°5 mm.

Puget Sound near Port Orchard, dredged by tue Young Natural-

ists’ Society of Seattle, Wash.

THE NAUTILUS.

This species is less inflated, less polished, with finer grooving and

less recurved rostrum than J. ce/ata. It is heavier, more inflated,

and with a coarser hinge plate and larger teeth than LD. confusa

Hanley (L. pella Sby. non Lin.) from Japan.

Leda leonina n. s.

Shell rather thin, compressed, with the low beaks at the anterior

third ; base slightly arcuate, anterior end rounded, posterior dorsal

slope concave, lunule and escutcheon narrow, elongate, strongly im-

pressed, smooth, with the valve margins elevated ; rostrum broadly

and a little obliquely truncate ; sculpture of thin sharp concentric

lamelle strongest on the rostrum, epidermis dull olive-gray, dehis-

cent; hinge with 22 anterior and 28 posterior teeth, the chondro-

phore small, inconspicuous. Height 11; length 23°5; diameter

5°25 mm.

Off Sea Lion Rock, Coast of Washington in 477-559 fathoms,

mud, U.S. Fish Commission.

This species bears a distant resemblance to L. tenuisulcata Se

cannot be confounded with it. e

Leda conceptionis n. s.

Shell elongate, smooth, polished, compressed, with the beaks in

the anterior third ; base arcuate, prominent below the beaks ; ante-

rior dorsal slope slightly rounded, posterior slope straight, rostrum

narrow, pointed, obliquely truncate, cardinal margin elevated be-

tween the halves of the narrow impressed, almost linear lunule and

escutcheon ; beaks very small, low, the prodissoconch. conspicuous ;

hinge with 18 anterior and 33 posterior small and delicate teeth ;

the chondrophore narrow, produced posteriorly, interior of the ros-

trum without a longitudinal septum. Height 10°5; length 27-5;

diameter 4°5 mm.

From Sannakh Islands, Alaska, to the Santa Barbara Channel

in 200-500 fathoms, especially off Point Conception, Cala., in 278

fathoms, U.S. Fish Com.

This is nearest to L. platessa Dall, from off Rio Janeiro, but that

species is smaller, with much fewer teeth and has a strong septal

ridge dividing the interior of the rostrum.

Leda pontonia Dall, originally described from 812 fathoms off

the Galapagos Islands, has since been dredged in 822 fathoms ‘off

San Diego, California, thus adding another to the rapidly increas-

ing list of species which occur off the coast of West America in both

hemispheres.

THE NAUTILUS. 3

SOME REFERENCES TO THE GENUS OLIVA.

BY JOHN FORD.

Of all the marine univalves the Olives are perhaps among the

most difficult to define specifically. It is true that the most irregu-

lar forms can in some instances be readily determined and properly

placed by expert concholoyists, for however greatly they may differ

from the accepted types, certain characters, proving a common ori-

gin, are always perceivable. This is especially the case with such

species as O. inflata Lam., O. maura Lam., and O. perwviana Lam.

(Fig. 1).

To other species, however, many shells have been assigned which

are apparently devoid of characters necessary to sustain the rela-

tionship claimed for them. In this group may be included O. ara-

neosa Lam., O. irisans Lam., O. ispidula Linn., and O. reticularis

Lam. So variable both in form and color patterns are many of the

shells assigned to these four species, it is not at all strange that they

have been honored with scores of specific names. That a majority

of these names are synonymous there is no reason to doubt, but it

seems equally apparent that quite a number of the shells, the names

of which have been thus subordinated, are really specifically dis-

tinct from the types with which they are associated.

Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3.

O. peruviana Lam. O. erythrostoma Lam. O. porphyria Lam.

Among these may be noted O. ornata Marratt and O. julietta

Duclos, which some recent writers have determined to be varieties

only, the former of O. irisans, the latter of O. araneosa. If there

4 THE NAUTILUS.

is an affinity between these so-called varieties and the species men-

tioned, I have failed to discover it, though in possession, perhaps, of

every form of the shells in question known to science.

Certain writers also claim that the difference between O. irisans

and 0. textilina Lam. is merely varietal. Possibly this may be

true; still, the facts do not appear to favor any such conclusion.

On the contrary, the characters exhibited by large numbers of each

clearly show them to be specifically distinct.

It is just possible that intervening forms linking the two together

are known, such for instance, as those uniting the typical O. irisans

with its admitted varieties O. ze/anica Lam., O. tremulina, Lam.,

and O. erythrostoma Lam. (Fig. 2), but if so they are certainly ab-

sent from the several large collections of Olives belonging to mem-

bers of the American Association of Conchologists and the Phila-

delphia Academy of Natural Sciences. These are but a few samples

of the difficulties at present barring the way to a thorough com-

prehension of the specific relationship of the various members of

the genus. The presence of such obstacles, however, should be to

the earnest student more of a pleasure than an annoyance, since

any effort for their removal will surely give him ample opportunity

to exercise both his judgment and powers of observation. Despite

the individual vagaries referred to, the genus is a thoroughly at-

tractive one, many of the species, indeed, being unsurpassed in

Fic. 4 O. eryptospira Ford. Fia. 5.

THE NAUTILUS. 5

richness of color and perfection of form by even the more preten-

tious members of the genus Cypreea.

Among the most charming of the 55 or 60 accepted species, O.

porphyria Lam. (Fig. 3) may be safely reckoned. These are the

“tent shells” of the amateur collector, being so-called from the

peculiar patterns which often cover the surface in such profusion as

to suggest a large military encampment, including the marquees

supposed to be necessary for official comfort, ete.

The ground color, on which these tent-like figures appear, is of a

deep chocolate hue and exceedingly brilliant. Add to this the

graceful form of the shell and we may readily see that the combina-

tion presents a picture of the utmost beauty.

O. eryptospira Ford (Figs. 4, 5) is smaller and less charming in

appearance than O. porphyria, but the callus-covered spire and

enamelled body whorl make it a very interesting species. The

type of this is in my own collection. There is, however, a fine suite

of typical specimens in the Phila. Acad. Nat. Sciences, and, I

think, a similar set in the U. S. National Museum at Washington.

DESCENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF UNIONIDE.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT, PENN YAN, N. Y.

It must be admitted that the Unionidae are under the same

natural laws, and occult forces, that have operated for vast ages on

all animal and vegetal life. Fossilized Unios are found in several

geological formations, and all living Unios are their descendants, or

else they are new creations. But no evidence sustains the theory

of successive creations. On the contrary, we behold everywhere

successive new but related forms of descent on divergent lines.

Nowhere is this astonishing fact better exemplified than in the nu-

merous species of Unionidze. But what causes the new forms? If

not direct creations—a baseless theory—they are the outcome of

changed conditions of life or varying environments.

Geographical distribution furnishes such environments. The

young fry of the Naiads have a byssus which generally disappears

early and with this appendage they can and do attach themselves

to the legs of ducks, wading birds and floating objects. They are

then easily transported by the semi-annual bird migration, from

river to river, and from lake to lake, and eventually to very remote

6 THE NAUTILUS.

regions. New habitats, with new climates, and with changed

chemical qualities of new waters, and with new food materials,

must disturb the usual and normal lines of descent. A change in

the activity of functions of organs, affecting the physiology of the

animal must result. Over stimulation of some functions, and de-

pressed activity of others, must change the tenor of life, ultimately

evolving new shell characters, and minimizing old ones, or even re-

ducing them to a rudimentary state—all being effected by change

of environment.

The dispersion of species is scarcely affected by mountain ranges,

but oceans are potential barriers. | Distribution eastward or west-

ward is very slow, owing to the fact that the migrations of water

fowls and birds, is mainly from north to south and vice versa. The

spawn, fry or seeds being carried in these migrations, causes a great

mixing of fauna and flora, on the lines of migration.

The paucity of Unionidee west of the 100th meridian is probably

due to the fact that since the laying of the cretaceous beds there

and the destruction of the once numerous forms of Naiads that

swarmed in that region, by the great upheavals of the country—

there has not been sufficient time to repopulate. There are signs,

however, of adventive Naiads, even from Europe, there. Margari-

tana (Unio) margaritifera L. and Anodonta cygnea L. from Europe,

neither of them fully divorced from their Old World progenitors,

seem to have somehow got a lodgement in California and Oregon,

though Drs. Lea and Gould did not detect it. Mr. Simpson suggests

that the Californian A. cygnea is the parent of the “tramp” A.

exilior Lea, found from Southern California to Mexico and Central

America, where it resents having relatives in Europe.

The most common Unios are those most subject to variation, as

seen in U. complanatus Sol., whose progeny are clamoring for “ sov-

erign rights” and recognition, which some Uniologists grant, and

others deny. On the other hand Naiads vigorously resisting varia-

tion, such as U. eylindricus Say, and others, have no near relatives,

and are generally rare and with very restricted distribution.

In living plants, secessions from a given and normal type are

readily traceable, and in fossil types, floral and faunal, the grada-

tions of differences are well marked. “ Connecting links” may be

absent, when we seek to trace and run down a species, through the

long xeons of geologic time. But if a long line of visible road be

crossed by a chasm, we cannot resist the conviction that the road

was once continuous.

THE NAUTILUS.

There are no inherent tendencies in a species to depart from it-

self, but when estrangements do oceur, they are effected by ulterior

causes, natural or artificial. Where color markings are bleached

out in mature shells in clear streams, they are retained in the same

species in muddy waters. Shells thin and fragile in cold, limeless,

pure water, become thicker and coarser in dirty streams. Spinose

and verrucose shells are found in rapid waters, with a maximum de-

velopment of spines and warts, while the same species in sluggish

waters have these characters minimized or even absent. The thin

edentate Anodontas of ponds or lakes, need no teeth to keep their

valves in place, and hence have none. Nature’s argument for an

organ or an accessory is the need of it, which is furnished by a pro-

cess of slow development the heavier species showing rudimentary

teeth.

Mr. Darwin, in “ The Origin of Species,’ shows that in a genus

having many species, if it has not reached a maximum de-

velopment, many other species are still forming in it. This is con-

firmed in Unio and Anodonta, and we may reasonably Eaeoe new

species will be discovered in them.

Departures of a Unio from its parent stock, when seen as features

of whole colonies, entitle it to specific distinction without hesitation,

provided the habitats differ, and to varietal distinction where found

in company with or near its next in affinity. On such a basis spe-

cific recognition is accorded in other branches of zoology, and also

in botany. Plenty of land and marine shells, are specifically sep-

arated, only by the most minute or microscopic differences of the

shells. We would not advocate such peering minuteness in the

Unionidz where the tendency to variation is much greater, and

where expert comparative anatomists are unable to find distinguish-

ing generic or specific differences in the soft parts.

In the Unionidae, the constants of nature are few and the differ-

entials many. How then shall a rule be formulated by which we

can confidently say a given Unio is distinct from another? ‘The

hiatus necessary for the founding of a new species must be such an

aggregation of differences of character, such an estrangement from

its next in affinity, that the gap will be large enough to justify a

specific separation of the two. A substantial agreement in the out-

line of two Unios may be a fact, and yet other distinctive characters

easily and unmistakably separate them. A process of differentia-

tion must be applied in uniology but with extreme care. But just

8 THE NAUTILUS.

here we are confronted with the fact that all differential observa-

tions are more or less affected with the variable “ personal equa-

tion’ among observers. The measure of conclusions is more or less.

in error, and the elimination of the variable is not a mathematical

possibility. It follows, therefore, that a definition of the word sPE-

cres is almost an impossibility, the judgment of a naturalist being

a controlling factor. This is a serious and unalterable fact. The

most unselfish and conscientious naturalists will often radically dis-

agree on the validity of a species. Others without a surplus of con-

science, candor or brains, will go on making species ad libitum, to

the end of time.

Ags a result of such diffusiveness, the birds, fishes, insects, shells,

and plants, have generally been named three or four times over.

This condition is discreditable to science, and Congresses of scientists

are not able to remedy the evil. An epidemic of this sort is raging

in Europe, and the “ New School” mills are grinding out species by

the hundreds.

The animus of species mongers is often visible, and not praise-

worthy. Posing as scientists, they grasp nomenclature and bandy

names about football fashion, with a nonchalance that takes away

the breath of astonished beholders and raises the hair on end. The

vocation of such gentry is that of the “ Bulls and Bears,” tearing

down what others labored hard to build up, and raising standards

which a later litter of “ Bears” will demolish.

A FEW NOTES ON PISIDIA.

BY DR. V. STERKI,

It is hoped that our fellow conchologists will not feel chilly whem

reading this title, but kindly excuse the writer for coming again

with Pisidia. The Cycladide are in order at present, and the season

for collecting is at hand. Many conchologists in the East and West,

North and South of our country are prepared to do vigorous collect-

ing, and many others not yet enlisted will probably join them, so

that, in all probability, more will be done in this line than at any

previous time. And there is no doubt that the results will be highly

satisfactory. Almost every sending coming in from the compara-

tively few places where collecting has been done so far, brought up

some new form or forms which may prove to be new species, or

varieties, by comparing them with more materials from other places.

THE NAUTILUS. 9

By the perplexing variability of some members of this group, it is

too unsafe to establish new species upon a few specimens coming

from a single locality.

The headquarters of these smallest Bivalves, and so probably of

Spherium, are the region of our great lakes, which, in fact, seems to

be the richest on the globe. And here, too, a serious difficulty is

added to the one already lying in the embarassing richness of forms

itself. The deep water mussels are decidedly different from the

shallow water and shore forms, reduced in size, and less character-

istic in shape, striation, color, hinge formation, ete., hence the double

difficulty in ascertaining their true relations with the shallow water,

river, pond and shore forms on the one hand, and among themselves

on the other. Such is the teaching of the materials brought up so

far from some deeper places of the lakes, mainly by the efforts of

the Michigan Fish Commission, as I understand, upon the encourage-

ment of Mr. Bryant Walker. There also is a field for successful

work; the use of the dredge. |

Another point may as well be mentioned here. It isan open ques-

tion how far Cycladide are able to exist in brackish water, of rivers

and creeks emptying into the sea, and in salt marshes. Conchologists

having chances to collect in such places are invited to pay the matter

their attention. The researches may be extended to other fresh

water mollusks at the same time.

A few hints must be added for those collecting and sending

Pisidia (and Spheria). 1. Not even the smallest specimens should

be overlooked, as some forms are very minute, and the young of all

are of interest and value. 2. It is not only annoying, but really

perplexing and deceptive, to examine lots where a part of the spec-

imens had been picked out previously. Thus the larger, mature

and characteristic examples of one or several species may be want-

ing, while the younger and poorer are represented in the remnants.

Whole suites only can afford a true conception of a species, variety

or local form. Mixed lots, however, are the most desirable for

examination, separated only for considerable differences in size of

the specimens.

Several conchologists lately have sent living Pisidia, which arrived

alive and could be kept alive for some time, observed and examined

for the soft parts. I would solicit the sending of more such. They

should be packed up with damp moss, or other similar material, in

receptacles admitting air, not in tightly corked vials.

10 THE NAUTILUS:

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

{Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

During the first quarter of the year the following new members

have been added to the chapter: Mrs. H. A. Zeck, Los Angeles,

Cal.; Mrs. E. H. King, Napa, Cal.; Mrs. E. A. Lawrence, 2024 E.

Second St., Los Angeles, Cal. ; , in the Juvenile Section, }

Ss 1 St., Los Angeles, Cal. ; and, in the J le Section, Master

James H. Porter, New Wilmington, Pa. The California members

will belong to Sections A. and F., the first section “ Marine Shells

of the West Coast,” is under Professor Keep’s instruction, and,

Section F, “ Fossil Shells,” is directed by the Hon. Delos Arnold.

NOTES ON SOME ONTARIO SHELLS.

[Report of Mr. James H. Lemon. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea Con-

chological Chapter for 1895.]

During last Summer I was able to do very little work in the con-

chological line, as my time was mostly occupied with botany. This

report, therefore, will have to deal with work done in former years.

As far as I am aware about 147 species of land and fresh water

shells have been found in the Province of Ontario, fifty-five species

being land shells, and ninety-two fresh water; but as very few

localities in the Province have been diligently searched it is very ©

probable that in the future several more species will be added to

the list. Of the 147 species, quite a number are extremely common

all over the Province. Others, although widely distributed, are

comparatively rare. Others, again are rather plentiful in some

parts, but entirely wanting in other parts. Of our rarer species

mention might be made of the following:

Selenites concava Say. This shell has been found in several parts

of the Province of Ontario, but nowhere abundantly. I, myself,

have found it in Eastern Ontario, and it is reported from around

Ottawa.

Omphalina fuliginosa Griff., has been found, as far as I am aware,

only near the city of Hamilton, in 8. Ontario, and even there is not

a common shell.

Omphalina inornata Say, has been found around Ottawa, but I

have not heard of its being taken elsewhere in the Province.

Gastrodonta intertexta Binn. This shell has not been found, to my

knowledge in Eastern Ontario, but several specimens have been

THE NAUTILUS. 11

collected around Hamilton. I also collected a few specimens near

Brantford.

Pyramidula perspectiva Say, is another species which seems to be

2 confined to the southern portion of the province. I have found it

around Hamilton, and, also in Brant County, but it is not abundant

in either place.

Polygyra (Mesodon) Sayii Binn. has been found in several parts

-of the Province, but is by no means a common species. I have

never been fortunate enough to find any live specimens, but have

found dead ones.

Polygyra (Triodopsis) palliata Say, and T. tridentata Say, are

both comparatively common in parts of Southern Ontario, I have

not heard of their being found in the Northern or Eastern parts.

Pupa fallax Say, has been found very abundantly around Hamil-

ton, especially in sandy places, but I have not found it elsewhere.

It is chiefly among our Fresh Water species that additions to the

list are to be expected. Ontario abounds in lakes and streams,

which when diligently explored will no doubt yield a number of

species new to the Province. Many additions may be expected

among the Unionide and Cycladide (Spherum and Pisidium),

although over 30 of our 92 Fresh Water species belong to the

Unionide. |

During the coming summer I hope to have more time to devote

to the study of Conchology, and will endeavor to get as complete a

a loPy

list, as possible, of those shells found around Toronto.

CUTTLE FISHES WASHED ASHORE IN SAN PEDRO BAY.

[Extract from the reportof H. Lowe. Fromthe Transactions of the Isaac Lea Con- .

chological Chapter for 1895].

In June, while I was out collecting one morning, I was surprised

to find a number of cuttle fishes which had been washed ashore.

They were all dead, excepting one, which I carried home and kept

in water for a day or two. The length of the entire mollusk was

about four feet, and, weight about twenty pounds. It was covered

with a very thin paper-like skin, so thin that the bloodvessels could

be seen beneath for it has, unlike most other mollusks, red blood.

The head was surmounted by ten arms with powerful suckers, two

of these arms were much longer than the rest, being about two feet

long. Where the ten arms radiated was the mandible, shaped like,

12 THE NAUTILUS.

and much resembling, the beak of a parrot. This mandible was

partially enveloped in a tough white muscle and was connected with

the digestive organs by a muscular gullet. On each side of the head

was a Jarge eye about two inches in a diameter. The crystalline

lens, when dried, were clear and bright and closely resembled large

solitaries (I have seen the lenses used for settings). The gladius, or

internal shell was about eighteen inches long, composed of shining

white cartilage, and shaped like a large quill-pen, with the pen point

towards the tail. I found about fifteen of these mollusks, but have

been unable to identify them and would be pleased if some one

could give me the probable name.

GENERAL NOTES.

Nore on CarycHiuM EXILE (C. B. Apams).—This Jamaican

species was originally described in Adams’ Contributions to Con-

chology, III, p. 88 (Oct., 1849) as Pupa evilis; and Pfeiffer retains

the species in Pupa in the Monographia Heliceorum III, p.556. It

is omitted from the Monographia Auriculaceorum. Bland in Journal

de Conchyliologie, 1872, p. 46, first refers the species to Carychium.

In this genus the name is preoccupied by H. C. Lea for a species of

the United States described in 1841. The Jamaica form will, there-

fore, stand C, exile Lea, var. jamaicensis Pilsbry (see Nautilus VIII,

p- 63, figs. 15, 16), although some would probably consider it dis-

tinct from the United States species. P. exilis Ad., C. exile Bland,

becoming a synonym of the variety described by myself.—H. A. P.

NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

I. Tae UNIONIDe OF THE Ogro River. II. THe StREPOMA-

TID# OF THE FALts OF THE On10.—By R. Ellsworth Call, from

Proceedings Indiana Academy of Science, No. 1V, 1894. Published

Nov., 1895. Brief comparative reviews. The writer states that

“the literature of the subjects reveals some sixty species” of Union-

idee found in the Ohio River, “The Strepomatid molluscan fauna of

the Falls of the Ohio is one that is very rich in numbers, but rather

poor in species,” the total number being but ten species.

ON THE OCCURRENCE OF ALECTRYONIA UNGULATA IN S. E.

AFRICA WITH A NOTICE OF PREVIOUS RESEARCHES ON THE CRETA-

ceous ConcHoLocy or Sourn Arrica.—By R. Bullen Newton

(from the Journal of Conchology, VIII, 1386-151, Jan., 1896).

BULLETIN OF THE U. S..GEoLoGIcaAL Survey, No. 133; Con-

TRIBUTIONS TO THE CRETACEOUS PALEONTOLOGY OF THE PACIFIC

coast; FAUNA OF THE KNoxvILLE Beps. By T. W. Stanton.

This Bulletin, which contains 132 pages and 22 plates, is a very valu-

able addition to our knowledge of the Cretaceous Mollusca. Pre-

ceding the descriptions of species, is a thorough discussion of the

geological features of the region. There are enumerated 77 species

of invertebrates, 50 of which are described as new; all but 7 ot the

species are mollusks.

foe, Ne@rrus:

VoL. x. JUNE, 1896. No. 2

NOTE ON NERITINA SHOWALTERI LEA.

BY WM. H. DALL.

In February, 1861, Dr. E. R. Showalter of Alabama sent four

small shells without opercula or soft parts to Dr. Isaac Lea. They

were obtained ten miles above Fort William, Shelby Co., Alabama,

from the Coosa River. Three of these specimens are now in the

National Museum, with the original labels of Showalter and Lea.

The species was described under the name of Neritina Showalteri by

Dr. Lea, who observed that it was the first instance of the discovery

of true freshwater Neritina, like those of Europe, in our southern

waters. The note in which the description is embodied was read

Feb. 12, 1861 and published in the Proceedings of the Academy of

Natural Sciences, vol. xiii, p. 56, March 19, 1861, and also separ-

ately.

Since that time for many years no notice of the species as collected

has come to my knowledge and I began to suspect that Dr. Showalter

had been imposed upon by some one who had given him, as obtained

from the Coosa River, some specimens of Neritina fluviatilis of Eur-

ope, to which these shells bear a marked resemblance, except that

they are smaller and without any dark markings upon the olivaceous

surface. It seemed very curious that a species of the section Theo-

doxus, to which Neritina fluviatilis is now referred, and which is not-

ably profuse in individuals when occurring at all, in Europe, should

be found only in one small stream in our Southern States and very

sparsely there. Of numerous collectors on the Coosa River since

14 THE NAUTILUS.

1865, none seemed to have found it. Dr, Lewis in his Freshwater

and Land shells of Alabama (Geol. Sur. Ala. Rep., p. 25, 1876)

gives no further information but states that in the absence of the

operculum it is uncertain whether it should be referred to Neritella

—Neritina). Binney was not able to add any further information

in his Land and Freshwater shells of North America. I find in one

of my books a manuscript note by a very competent conchologist

which declares under date of 1884 that this shell is the young of

Anculosa ampla Anth. Under Neritide in the Manual of Concho-

logy (vol. x, 1888) Mr. Tryon observes that it has not the char-

acters of Anculosa, on the contrary it more nearly resembles Neritina

crepidularia, though the coloring of the epidermis is more like that

of Anculosa than in the other fluviatile species of Neritina.

For some years I have used every opportunity to seek further in-

formation about this species but without success, until lately Mr.

Bryant Walker of Detroit informed me that he had found, among

shells collected on the Cahawba River in Alabama, by Prof. R. E.

Call, a single specimen which he had referred to Lea’s species.

This he was kind enough to send me for examination and on com-

parison with the types it proved identical, thus establishing the

correctness of the American habitat of the shell which had been so

long in doubt. The specimen had also the operculum, which was

not that of a Neritina, but the soft parts had been removed.

A comparison was then made with the young of all the species of

Anculosa in the National collection, which resulted in confirming Mr.

Tryon’s opinion that it could not be referred to that genus. Dur-

ing this search, under the head of “ Anculosa ampla, very young”

were found three additional specimens of the so-called Neritina,

received under that name from Dr. Lewis, who in turn had received

them from Mr. T. H. Aldrich who had collected them from the

Cahawba River, Alabama, thus fixing a second locality for the

species. Thesmallest of Dr. Lewis’s specimens fortunately contained

the operculum and dried remains of the soft parts which were put in

soak and boiled in potash finally revealing an extremely minute

rhipidoglossate radula, in general not unlike that of Neritina but

not like that of any species of Neritina yet figured. The differences

are such as would ordinarily be regarded as generic and, taken into

consideration with the operculum, it becomes evident that, while the

species is related to Neritina (and not to Anculosa), a new genus

must be instituted to receive it.

THE NAUTILUS. 15

Genus Lepyrium Dall.

Shell neritiniform, small, thin, unicolorate; with a broad smooth-

edged pillar lip; the operculum shaped like that of Neritina but

without any calcareous layer or projecting processes ; the dentition

comprising a very wide rhachidian tooth with a short finely denti-

culate cusp, the median denticle hardly larger than the others and

on each side of it a small obliquely set lateral, a broad major lateral

with finely denticulate short cusp, and a short series of spatulate

uncini much longer than the median teeth. Formula x.2.1.2.x.

Type Lepyrium Showalteri (Lea, as Neritina), from rivers of the

Appalachian drainage in Northeastern Alabama. Types, numbers

29,016 and 102,851, U.S. Nat. Museum.

The specimen from which the radula was obtained was very small

and the radula so minute, and its long uncini so tangled, that it was

impossible to make a complete description or enumeration of them.

The rhipidoglossate character, however, was evident, and the form

of the cusps of the middle part of the radula could be clearly seen.

They differ from those of Neritina by having a very wide and short,

finely denticulate rhachidian tooth, instead of a small quadrate one

with simple edges; one instead of two oblique minor laterals; in

the broad and simple quadrate form of the major lateral, and the

relatively smaller number and larger size of the uncini. Anculosa

has a tenioglossate radula with the formula 3.1.5, so it is evident

that this form is not in any way related to Anculosa.

The Oligocene of the Southern United States contains several

species of Neritina, but none, so far as known, having a close resem-

blance to Lepyrium; which is, however, probably an offshoot from

Neritina. The fluviatile fauna of the Coosa region contains several

unique or isolated types of mollusks and the present species adds

another to the list.

THE GOOSE FAIR BROOK.

BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY.

A curious brook, with an odd name, the origin of which I do not

know. For some years this stream has formed the boundary be-

tween the city of Saco and the town of Old Orchard. ‘The portion

of it known to the writer is the last five or six miles of its course.

16 THE NAUTILUS.

It flows for a distance through meadow land in a valley ; here mol-

lusca are seldom found. The next portion continues through a val-

ley thickly wooded, with alders overhanging the water and covering

the narrow belt of marsh; beyond these the steep banks and upper

land are covered with pine growth. Land shells occur rarely along

this area: Succinea ovalis, Patula striatella, Strobilops labyrinthica,

Zonites exiguus ete., have been found here. The brook has a fine

lot of Margaritana margaritifera of large size and fine specimens.

Pisidium variabile, abditum and adamsii occur in the mud, the last

of these in an area of a few feet, but having some fine examples.

Planorbis and Physa also occur sparingly. The third area is a mile

or two of tide marsh ; here one may study the problem of salt and

freshwater distribution. The writer gave an afternoon to this work

a few days ago with the following result: [n the upper quarter of

the marsh Pisidiwm occurs more or less abundantly, and Amnicola

is to be found in great profusion ; following the windings careful

siftings were made. Pisidiwm disappeared after the first quarter of

the distance to the sea; I am quite sure that salt water has little or

no influence here. Amnicola was met with where Pisidium had

disappeared, but only for a short distance. The portion following

this in the second quarter was entirely wanting in shells, but grad-

ually salt water forms showed themselves, i. e., Macoma and Litorina.

The marsh itself now gives an interesting field of study. Plant life

is very rich, but that is not our subject. Pot holes now reveal the

presence of multitudes of Litorinella minuta living on the thread-

like marine plants. The Goose Fair Brook enters the sea in the

middle of a long beach, generally known as Old Orchard beach.

Its marine shells are chiefly Litorina littoria and Macoma, the latter

often badly eroded. I have seen living specimens with the animal

exposed in places where erosion had destroyed the shell. Not far

from the shore there must be beds containing Te/lina tenera, Cero-

nia arctata and others, as specimens are washed up by storms. I

trust that these few observations may help to settle the question of

the distribution of marine and freshwater forms. At any rate this

is one point in the evidence.

SOME NEW OR RARE SPECIES OF MARINE MOLLUSCA RECENTLY

FOUND IN BRITISH COLUMBIA.

The following note may be of interest to collectors of West Coast.

Mollusca. It adds sixteen species to our fauna not hitherto reported

THE NAUTILUS. Ng

from British Columbia (though some have been found in neighbour-

ing seas), and four species are new to science. My best thanks are

due to Dr. Dall for kindly determining new and doubtful material,

and species so identified are marked in the accompanying list by an

asterisk.

It will be noticed that the range of several Californian species

receives a considerable extension, as in the case of Diala marmorea

Cpr., Eulima falcata Cpr., Ischnochiton radians Cpr., Lepidopleurus

rugatus Cpr., Chrysallida cincta Cpr., Phasianella pulloides Cpr.,

Tornatina harpa Dall, and Turbonilla stylina Cpr., ete.

Of northern species the southward range is extended of Buccinum

plectrum Stimps. (now first established as living in our waters) of

Trichotropis borealis Br. & Sby., and of Sipho verkriizeni Kobelt.

The two last mentioned species occur at Alert Bay in company with

an unusual abundance of boreal and circumpolar species such as

Buecinum cyaneum Brug., Bela violacea M. & A., Margarita helicina

O. Fab., Cryptobranchia concentrica Midd., Lepidopleurus cancellatus

Sby., Crenella decussata Mont., etc.

Of the four new species, three belong to genera new to our waters ;

viz. Rissoina, Mélleria and Phasaniella. The fourth species belongs

_ to asubgenus (Mumiola) of Odostomia especially Japanese in its

recorded species.

Most of the following additions are of small shells, of which, how-

ever, we are still far from having on record anormal proportion.

The stations quoted in the following lists are arranged in their

order passing from the south towards the north.

Station 1. Near Victoria, Vancouver Island, in 60 fathoms, fine

clean sand. Collected by the Natural History Society of B. C.

March 14, 1896.

Station 2. Near Alert Bay, Queen Charlotte Sound, northeast of

Vancouver Island, 20 fathoms, small gravel. Collector, C. F. N.

July, 1895.

Station 3. North side of the entrance to Cumshewa Inlet, Queen

Charlotte Islands, 10-20 fathoms, small broken shells and sand.

Collector, C. F. N. Sept., 1895.

Station 4. East end of Skidegate Inlet, Queen Charlotte Islands,

sand and mud. Collector, C. F. N. August, 1895.

Station 5. Dawson Harbour, west end of Skidegate Inlet, Queen

Charlotte Islands, 20 fathoms., broken shells. Collector, C. F. N.

Sept., 1895.

18 THE NAUTILUS.

List of Species.

* Admete Couthouyi Jay. Cumshewa Inlet, living.

Angulus variegatus Cp. Victoria, Station 1.

* Bela fidicula Gld. “ variety approximating B. sca/aris Moller.”

Alert Bay, Station 2.

* Bela tabulata Cpr. A remarkably slender variety occurred at

Station 2 with the last.

* Bela violacea Migh. & Ads. Not uncommon at Alert Bay,

Station 2.

* Bittium quadrifilatum Cpr. At all stations in the Queen Char-

lotte Islands. A Californian shell new to B. C.

* Buecinum cyaneum Brug., var. Mérchianum Fischer. Very fine

and plentiful, living at low water near Station 2, Alert Bay. Not

reported from any other locality.

* Buceinum plectrum Stimpson. Two dead and a few living spec-

imens at Station 1, Victoria. Dead specimens have before been

recorded since 1878 as B. polare var. compactum Dall, and as B.

percrassum Dall. It has also been found at Rivers Inlet, B. C. (C.

F. N.) and in Queen Charlotte Sound by Dr. G. M. Dawson.

Cadulus aberrans Whiteaves. Several specimens at Station 1,

Victoria. Only once taken before in B. C.

* Cecum crebricinctum Cpr. Living in great abundance at Sta-

tion 3, Queen Charlotte Islands. Only a single dead specimen

before noted.

* Cancellaria modesta Cpr. One dead specimen dredged in 15

fathoms, near Victoria in 1894, the first reported in B.C. It measures

33 mm. in length and is the largest species of its genus here.

* Oancellaria unalaskensis Dall. A few found at Stations 3 and

5 in the Queen Charlotte Islands.

Chrysodomus rectirostris Cpr. Three living specimens of this rare

shell at Station 1, Victoria.

Chrysodomus (Sipho) Verkriizent Kobelt. Three young living

specimens dredged near Alert Bay by Mr. W. Harvey in 1894.

* Orenella decussata Mont. Abundant at Station 2 near Alert Bay.

Dentalium pretiosum Nuttall. A single living specimen at Station

5, Dawson Harbour, Q. C. I.

Dentalium rectius Cpr. A few living at Station 1, Victoria.

Only noted here once before.

* Diala marmorea Cpr. At Station 5, Dawson Harbour, Q. C.I.

New to these waters. ,

THE NAUTILUS. 19

Doridium Adelle Dall. Clayoquot Sound, B.C., and near Victoria.

Taken in 18938, by C. F. N. Not hitherto recorded from B. C.

* Kulima falcata Cpr. At Station 2, near Alert Bay. Also taken

at low water. A rare Californian shell not on our lists, but prob-

ably identical with the form recorded as £. distorta and E. incurva.

* Halistylus pupoideus Dall. Very abundant, living at Station

8, Cumshewa Inlet.

Ischnochiton interstinctus Gld. On rocks at low water near Station

4, A Californian species new to our Province. Sixteen specimens

of various markings.

Lazaria subquadrata Cpr. Dead shells and single valves at Sta-

tions 3 and 5 in the Queen Charlotte Islands, the northern limit of

this species so far as known.

* Leda acuta Conr. <A few living and many dead specimens at

Stations 3, 4 and 5, Q. C. I.

* Leda fossa Baird. A few specimens at Station on 3, Cumshewa

Inlet. In 1894 I dredged three living specimens near Victoria.

* Lepidopleurus rugatus Cpr. Under rocks at low water near

Victoria, April, 1894, C. F. N.

* Macoma yoldiformis Cpr. Stations 3 and 4 in the Queen Char-

lotte Islands.

Mactra falcata. Station 3, Cumshewa Inlet.

* Molleria Quadre Dall, sp. nov. A few living and dead spec-

imens at Station 3, Cumshewa Inlet.

* Mumiola tenuis Dall, sp. noy. Station 3, with the last.

* Odostomia ( Chrysallida) cincta Cpr. In 30fathomsnear Victoria,

March, 1896. New to B. C.

* Phasianella (Eucosmia) lurida Dall, sp. nov. Station 5, Skide-

gate Channel. Encrusted with a polyzoan.

* Phasianella pulloides Cpr. Station 5, Dawson Harbour. Ski-

degate with the last, and in shell sand from Nootka Sound.

* Rissoina Newcombei Dall sp. nov. Station 3, Cumshewa Inlet,

Queen Charlotte Islands.

* Tellina inflatula Dall. Stations 3 and 4 in the Queen Charlotte

Islands. The northern limit so far as known.

Tonicella submarmorea Midd. Not rare at low water at Station

2, Alert Bay, and quite plentiful at Station 4, Skidegate Inlet.

~ * Tornatina harpa Dall. Not rare at Stations 3, 4 and 5, Queen

Charlotte Islands. The northern known limit.

Trachydermon ( Cyanoplax) Raymondi Pilsbry. Not rare at Sta-

tions 2 and 4, Alert Bay and Skidegate, Q. C. I.

20 THE NAUTILUS.

* Trichotropis borealis Br. & Sby. Station 2, Alert Bay. New

to this Province.

Turbonilla chocolata Cpr. Both at Stations 2 and 4.

*Turbonilla stylina Cpr. Cumshewa Inlet, Q. C. L., at Station 3.

A Californian shell, new to B. C.

* Turbonilla torquata Gld. With the last.

* Turbonilla tridentata Cpr. At Station 3, Cumshewa Inlet.

Though found in Puget Sound many years ago, it has not before

been reported from British Columbia.

* Venericardia borealis Conr. At stations 2 (Alert Bay) and 4,

Skidegate Inlet.

C. F. NEwcoMBE.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW PISIDIA.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

Pis. fallax n. sp.

Mussel] rather small; it is of the same type with Pis. compressum

Pr. but smaller, more rounded in outline, the upper margin is less

strongly curved, not angular, the ridges on the beaks are compara-

tively larger and situated less high up; the striation is finer,

crowded, somewhat irregular and sharp; the color commonly green-

ish or yellowish-horn in the younger, more yellow in older speci-

mens; the hinge is strong, more regularly curved than in compres-

sum, the hinge plate broad, the cardinal tooth of the right valve

more oblique, the lateral teeth strongly projecting inward ; nacre

more glassy-whitish ; ligament strong.

Size: long 3:2, alt. 2°9-3, diam. 271.

Habitat: Tuscarawas River and Sugar Creek, Ohio.

It was first noticed in October and November, 1891, when hun-

dreds of specimens were collected, and so every year since, in com-

pany with Pis. compressum, cruciatum and punctatum. Also found

in the stomach of the “ Buffalo Sucker” (fish) with Pis. crucvatum

and other molluscan shells. It is decidedly and constantly distinct,

not a variety or depauperate form of Pis. compressum. The latter

has been collected in this vicinity in many places and in very differ-

ent forms. Old specimens of Pis, fallax are almost always badly

eroded, and covered with a thick, blackish coat, while Pis. compres-

sum from the same places, were intact and clean.

THE NAUTILUS. Ai

Pis. vesiculare n. sp.

Mussel small, ovoid, very inequipartite, somewhat oblique, strongly

inflated; beaks very posterior, moderately prominent; margins all

well rounded, or the scutum forming a very slight angular projec-

tion; color yellowish to brownish-horn ; surface slightly striated,

polished, often with a few coarser lines of growth; shell thin, trans-

lucent ; nacre rather glassy, colorless; hinge rather small, markedly

short; cardinal teeth lamellar, the right moderately curved with its

anterior end thicker ; anterior left distinctly directed upward, curved,

often angular, posterior oblique, moderately curved ; groove between

them narrow and deep ; lateral teeth situated very close to the car-

dinals, short, especially those in the left valve abrupt, high; liga-

ment short.

Size: long 2°3, alt. 1°9, diam. 1°7 mill.

Habitat. Michigan.

More than fifteen hundred specimens were seen during the last

year, collected at Grand Rapids, Michigan, by Mr. L. H. Streng

about ten years ago, and all were remarkably uniform in shape and

appearance. Yet I hesitated to announce the form as a new species,

thinking it might be a variety of P. ventricosum Prime. But later

it has been seen from various other places, as Lake Michigan, Hess

Lake, “ Michigan,” in one instance named “ P. rotundatum,” from

which it is very different by its beaks situated posteriorly, while in

rotundatum they are almost in the middle.

P. vesiculare can be mistaken only for P. ventricosum Pr., from

which it differs by the following characters: it is longer, less oblique;

more regular in form, being more regularly though less inflated, the

beaks are much less prominent; the surface shows less coarse and

irregular lines of growth. It is somewhat variable in size, measur-

ing 2°1-2°7 millimetres in length, and in being slightly more or less

inflated.

A NEW VARIETY OF PUNCTUM.

BY H. A. PEESBRY-

Punctum conspectum var. pasadene n. var.

Shell resembling P. conspectum Bld., but more widely and openly

umbilicated, and without spaced riblets, or with them very slightly

indicated.

22 THE NAUTILUS.

Light chestnut colored, rather opaque. Contour about that of P.

conspectum, the spire very low-conic, apex obtuse. Whorls 33 to 4,

convex, separated by impressed sutures, the last more or less descend-

ing in front. Umbilicus open, easily showing all the whorls, its

width contained 3% to 3} in diameter of shell. Surface with close.

fine, irregular growth-striz, sometimes showing slight traces of wide-

spaced stronger strive, and very densely, minutely spirally striated-

Aperture rounded-oval, quite oblique, the lip thin; columellar mar-

gin brought far forward and expanded. Alt. 1°15, diam. 2 mm.

Numerous specimens of this small species were found by Hon.

Delos Arnold crawling upon a cement walk in front of his residence

in Pasadena, California, and were communicated to the writer by

Mrs. Julia E. Campbell.

In typical P. conspectum the umbilicus is smaller, contained 43 to

4% times in diameter of base, and the riblets are prominent, although

subject to considerable variation. The dentition of the Pasadena

shells is similar to that of conspectum. The other species of Pune-

tum now known from America are P. pygmeum var. minutissimum

Lea, and P. Randolphii Dall.

GENERAL NOTES.

Proposep BroLocicaL Sration.—Professor T. D. A. Cockerell,

of Las Cruces, New Mexico, has it in view to found in New Mexico

a Biological Station, and health and holiday resort for scientific per-

sons, teachers and kindred spirits.

Three years experience in this country gives the writer the high- .

est opinion of the value of the climate for persons in the earlier

stages of phthisis; while the abundance of new and interesting forms

of life, especially among the insects, is remarkable. Many inter-

esting general problems, such as those of the life-zones, can also be

studied in New Mexico to great advantage.

A beginning will be made this summer if students can be found.

Prof. Cockerell will be glad to hear from any who are interested in

the matter, and especially from those who might be inclined to work

with him for longer or shorter periods during the present summer,

Proressor H. E.Sarcenrt is now in Deteroit, Michigan (Detroit

Museum of Art), engaged in preparing for public exhibition the

Stearns collection of Mollusca.

, % RR. 5

THE NAUTILUS. 23

ASPERGILLUM GIGANTEUM Sowb.—This species, the largest of

the genus, was figured in Stearns’ and Pilsbry’s Catalogue of Japan-

ese Marine Mollusks, pl. iii, fig. 1. We have lately noticed that

it was renamed (in 18&9, Le Naturaliste, p. 121) by M. Ménégaux,

who curiously enough proposes anew the specific name given by Sow-

-erby in 1888. The specimen is said to be from “ les mers de la Chine.”

PALUDINA HETEROSTROPHA KrRrLaAND.—I consider this shell

only as an abnormal production of Campeloma decisum Say. Com-

paratively few are found here. About ten years ago, I gathered

quite a lot of them, and among the young of them which were not

delivered yet, I found this abnormal form, and as near as I could

guess, I found about one of this form in two or three hundred; and

so came to the conclusion above stated.—L. H. SrrenNG.

SHELLS OF MaryLaNnp.—In a recent sending of land shells from

Cumberland, Maryland, from Mr. Howard Shriver of that place, we

find four species not before recorded from the State: Omphalina

fuliginosa Griff., O. inornata Say, Gastrodonta intertexta Binn., and

Polygyra profunda Say. The latter two are western species, prob-

ably at or near their (in this latitude) eastern limit. None of these

were recorded in Pilsbry’s Mollusks of the Potomac Valley, Proce.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894, p. 11. Polygyra fraudulenta Pils. is a

particularly abundant species at Cumberland, and the specimens of

Pyramidula alternata are decidedly keeled.

NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

On THE MississipPr VALLEY UNIONIDH FOUND IN THE Sr.

LAWRENCE AND ATLANTIC DRAINAGE AREAS (AMER. Nart., 1896,

p. 379). 2. Descriptions or rouR New Triassic Untos FRom

THE STAKED Puiarns or Texas. 3. THE CLASSIFICATION AND

GEOGRAPHICAL DisrRipuTioN OF THE PrarLty FRESHWATER

Mussets (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896), by Charles T.

Simpson. The first of the above papers considers the origin of such

Lake and Atlantic drainage forms as Unio liebi, canadensis, borealis,

hippopeus, Anodonta footiana, subangulata, benedictii, undulata, ete.,

all of which are claimed to be altered Mississippi drainage types,

which found their way into the Lake drainage during the period

when the lakes drained into the Mississippi, and subsequently tray-

elled eastward when the St. Lawrence outlet became established.

Their advent is thus about coeval with the Glacial period. Unio

radiatus, ochraceus, heterodon, tappanianus and Marg. undulata are

believed to be older inhabitants of the eastern country.

24 THE NAUTILUS.

The third paper mentioned above is already so condensed that

any abstract is difficult to make. It deals with the questions of

classifications, mutual relationships of the genera, and geographic

distribution. Margaritana is merged in Unio, as the species are

believed to have lost the lateral teeth by degeneration or disease.

It is an error, however, to give U. margaritifer (not “margaritiferus”’ )

as type of Unio; and it should be noted that in having a series of

small muscle-sears in the middle of the disk, M. margaritifera, mon-

odonta, ete., differ from any Unios as well as from the M. undulata,

rugosa group, which is more properly called Alasmodonta. These

groups seem to be as valid genera as Castalina, which Simpson re-

tains. Simpson, in common with other recent authors, recognizes

two families, Unionide and Mutelide. The former containing gen-

era Unio, Anodonta, Prisodon, Tetraplodon, Castalina, Burtonia,

Arconaia, Cristaria, Lepidodesma, (new genus for U. languilati of

China), Pseudodon, Leguminaia, Solenaia. Mutelide contains

Mutela, Chelidonopsis, Spatha, Pleiodon, Brazzea, Glabaris, [hering-

ella, Monocondylea, Fossula, Mycetopoda. Each genus is discussed

in a separate paragraph, and a careful reading inclines us to place

great reliance upon Mr. Simpson’s conclusions. <A full synonymy

of each genus would have been a useful addition, for there are some

generic names not mentioned in the text, probably because they

prove to be mere synonyms.

The geographic provinces indicated by Unionide and Mutelide

are: Palearctic, including all Europe, Africa north of Sahara (ex-

cept the Nile), all northern Asia, and the Pacific drainage of North

America. Ethiopian. Oriental, including southern Asia to Japan,

Philippines, Malay Archipelago and to the Solomon Is. Australian,

Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand. Mississippian, the Gulf

drainage, spreading to N. C. and Central America. This region is

the richest in species in the world. Atlantic, Atlantic drainage from

Florida to Labrador. Neotropical, the whole of South America.

Central American, Panama to Mexico and Cuba. A map presents

the areas of distribution graphically. In conclusion Mr. Simpson

discusses the geological history of the groups. Students of the

Uniones will find this paper crowded with important facts and care-

ful reasoning from them, in the main very reliable. Our experience

with other groups leads us to believe, however, that more import-

ant points will follow an anatomical study of the Uniones than have

yet been developed.

Serre N Bers.

Vol. X. JULY, 1896. No. 3

ON THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF ERVILIA.

BY WM. H. DALL.

Very little attention seems to have been given to the genus Ervi-

lia, which is composed of small, rather solid shells which are, in the

recent species, frequently brightly colored, concentrically or radially

striated or smooth. ‘The soft parts are still unknown though the typ-

ical species appears to be common in the West Indies, and the largest

known species is found in British and Mediterranean waters. In the

forms which are normally concentrically striate or grooved it often

happens that some of the specimens have the umbonal portion nearly

smooth, the normal sculpture appearing only when the shell is half

grown; there are also light modifications of the outline, coming

within the range of individual variation. In examining the recent

forms of North America and the West Indies for comparison with

the fossils, the following were recognized, though the small size of the

shells and their general similarity of form renders it necessary to

study them under a magnifier with the greatest care and attention in

order to grasp the distinctive features.

Ervilia nitens (Mont.) Turton.

This species has the valves somewhat compressed, coarsely,

evenly, concentrically grooved, with faint, radial striations on the

dorso-posterior surface, both ends somewhat attenuated, the posterior

longer and more attenuated, the base evenly arched, the anterior

end shorter, higher, with a steeper dorsal slope; the shell rather

solid with a robust hinge; the pallial sinus narrow, angular in

26 THE NAUTILUS.

front, and reaching beyond the vertical of the beaks, anteriorly. In

general the shell is yellowish or bright pink, with occasional

brownish rays. It seems to be confined to the Antilles and the

southern Florida Keys.

Ervilia subcancellata Smith.

Valves much compressed, both ends somewhat attenuated, the

base arcuate and prominent in the middle; the surface concentric-

ally striated and covered with fine, distinct, radial strix ; the pallial

sinus reaching to the vertical of the beaks, rather wide, anteriorly

rounded; shell solid, hinge moderately strong; lon. 8; alt. 5°5;

diam. 3 mm.

This species is differently shaped, rather more compressed and

with a different hinge and pallial sinus from the E. nitens. The

specimens I have seen are white or brownish and were obtained at

Bermuda by Dr. Goode.

Ervilia concentrica Gould.

Shell solid, plump, with a robust hinge ; the surface with strong,

even, concentric riblets and narrower, even grooves between them ;

there are few very faint or no radial striz; the posterior end is

slightly the longer and more attenuated, the anterior shorter and

higher ; pallial sinus narrow, almost angular in front, just reaching

the vertical of the beaks; the color is generally white, rarely pink-

ish or yellowish.

This species is common in moderate depths from Cape Hatteras to

Key West and Pensacola, Florida. It is smaller and more lozenge

shaped than E. nitens. Several specimens from the Mediterranean

are in the Jeffreys collection under the name of the young of E.

castanea or E. nitens. It is represented in the Postpliocene of North

Creek, Little Sarasota Bay, Florida, by a variety less strongly stri-

ated and which seems to form the transition to the Pliocene species.

Ervilia maculosa Dall, n. s.

Shell almost perfectly oval, very thin, compressed, and almost

translucent; closely, sharply, finely, concentrically striated without

radial strize; posterior end higher, rounded, longer than the ante-

rior; beaks low and calyculate; hinge very feeble; pallial sinus

wide and rounded, falling short of the vertical of the beaks ante-

riorly ; surface mottled with brown streaks and patches on a trans-

lucent ground. Lon. 4°5 alt. 2°7 mm.

This quite distinct form was obtained off Cape Lookout, N. Caro-

lina in 22 fathoms by the U. S. Fish Commission. It is recognizable

THE NAUTILUS. yay

at once by its very oval, compressed and translucent shell with very

fine and sharp concentric groovings. So far I have not found it in

the fossil state.

NOTES ON MOLLUSKS OF FLORIDA.

BY JOSEPH WILLCOX.

In THE Nautitus for November, 1894, the writer referred

to the habits of many species of mollusks which he observed on the

west coast of Florida. The present paper has been written in con-

tinuation of the same subject.

It is an interesting matter, for personal observation, to witness the

persistent and relentless warfare of the molluscan forms upon others

of the same family in their quest for food.

In the case of the oyster their enemies are not confined to members

of the mollusca. In Florida waters they are preyed upon by num-

erous enemies which ply their predaceous vocation during the

twelve months of the year.

Among the fishes the drum and the sheephead are the chief con-

sumers of the oyster; the former devouring those of moderate size,

while the latter confine their attention to the destruction of young

oysters.

In the vicinity of the oyster beds nearly all the sheephead fish are

found with ragged and freshly-cut lips caused by the sharp edges of

the young oysters which they break loose from the clusters. So per-

sistent are the sheephead, in the destruction of the young oysters,

that single individuals of the latter are comparatively rare ; and the

survival of the species, in some localities, is, in a great measure, due

to their protective habit of living in clusters.

Coextensive with the destruction of the oyster by the fishes, refer-

red to above, their consumption appears to be as great by their

molluscan enemy the Melongena corona.

Every oyster bed, on the west coast of Florida, from Cedar Keys

to Cape Sable, is infested by these ostreeophagi, which persistently

prey upon the oysters as the chief article of their diet.

Their method of attack and subsequent destruction, from which

there is no escape for the victim, is exceedingly ingenious, and is

probably not unaccompanied by some measure of discomfort and

even pain on the part of the aggressor.

28 THE NAUTILUS.

The first effort in the assault, on the part of the Melongena, is the

insertion of its beak or rostrum between the open valves of the

oyster, when the latter is feeding. The valves, of course, are imme-

diately closed upon the beak of the assailant, which is round and

tough, resembling in form and color a leather shoe-string.

At this particular juncture the oyster appears to have the best

position in the struggle for life; and if it could maintain its exist-

ence, without relaxing its muscles, the Melongena would, in time,

starve to death while held in its grasp.

The position of affairs just described is probably continued for a

long time, until the oyster, exhausted with the strain in the contrac-

tion of its muscles, is obliged to open its shells.

This is the opportunity which the Melongena has been patiently,

or impatiently, awaiting ; and its beak is immediately thrust further

between the oyster shells.

It is only a question of time when the beak of the Melongena

reaches the muscular portion of the oyster; and then the process

of devouring it begins.

Early in the progress of this struggle for life other Melongenas

assemble at the prospective feast, and insert their beaks between the

shells of the oyster, and then await their opportunity for engorge-

ment.

The writer has picked up an oyster in Little Sarasota Bay, in

Florida, from which 14 Melongenas were dangling. suspended by

their long beaks, which were held in the closed shells of their victim,

A cluster of oysters was found, at the same place, between the shells

of which were inserted the beaks of 22 Melongenas.

The Sigaretus is enabled to destroy the oyster by enveloping it

in its folds, and in that manner smothering it. In the same manner

the Fulgur perversum kills the oyster by enveloping it in its foot.

The Melongenas successfully attack and destroy large specimens

of Fulgur perversum. They crowd on and around the operculum of

the latter, and when it is opened for the admission of water for res-

piration, the beaks of the Melongenas are ruthlessly inserted be-

tween it and the shell; and the same method of attack is pursued as

in the case of the oyster.

It is surprising to see how skillfully the Melongenas can arrange

themselves, in order that the greatest number may occupy the space

at their disposal at the feast.

The writer has seen a Melongena corona devouring a shrimp, and

also a Solen americanus.

THE NAUTILUS. 29

The only mollusk, seen to destroy the Melongena, was a Fascio-

laria gigantea which enclosed it in its folds.

On one occasion a dead king-crab was found, lying on its back,

on which many Fasciolaria tulipa were crowded and eating it.

An abundant food for the Fusciolaria distans is the Vermetus,

(Petaloconchus) nigricans, into the tubes of which the former inserts

its beak.

A WORD ABOUT SPHZAERIA.

BY EDWARD W. ROPER.

Among thousands of Spheria examined during the past year

several unique forms have been found. For example, a robust,

rounded shell less than one-fourth inch long, with prominent beaks,

from near Tallahassee, Florida. This is quite distinct from any

species yet seen from the Gulf states. Again a very dark brown

shell from southern Ohio, of the group of S. occidentale, but thicker

and with more prominent beaks. From an unknown locality came

a single specimen resembling a small S. transversum but with a less

angular outline. Lastly from Minnesota and other neighboring

states, may be mentioned a thin, orbicular, gray or light olive shell

with calyculate beaks, often regarded as S. truncatum, but probably

different from the New England shell described by Linsley. These

forms have mostly come from single localities in very smal] numbers,

and in view of the great variation among species in this genus, it

would be unsafe to consider them new on such slight evidence. The

writer would like correspondence with collectors having unique and

doubtful Spheeria in their possession.

THE MUSSELS SCARS OF UNIOS.

BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON.

In some comments on my recent paper on the classification and

distribution of the Naiades in THE Nauriius for June, 1896, I

notice the statement that in having a series of muscle scars in the

middle of the disk Margaritana margaritifera, monodonta, ete. differ

30 THE NAUTILUS.

from any Unios; and this seems to be the character on which the

writer would separate Margaritana generically from Unio.

In the former species these little musele sears or points of attach-

ment of the mantle are sometimes a set of round, deep punctures in

the nacre, but more often they consist of slightly indented dashes,

which radiate from the umbonal cavity. They vary in number from

a very few to 50 or more, and are often entirely wanting. In some

examples these scars are more or less aggregated into a sort of lon-

gitudinal row along the middle of the disk, looking like a strongly

developed pallial line.

In Margaritana monodonta they appear usually as deep punctures,

and vary from many to none and the same thing is true of Unio hem-

beli. I have not found them in U. decumbens or U. laosensis.

In 1830 Isaac Lea described Unio trapezoides in the Transactions

of the American Philosophical Society, Volume IV, page 69, and

called attention to the fact that this species possessed a strongly

developed muscle scar near the center of the disk, which he then

named the ventral cicatrix. It is present (sometimes double) and

well developed in most specimens, feeble in others, or it may be found

in one valve and wanting in the other, or absent altogether. The

same is true of most of the species of the plicate group of Untos,

which are all nearly related; N.multiplicatus, undulatus, perplica-

tus, ete., but I have never found these scars in the nearly allied U.

sloatianus Lea, of Georgia, which is so close to U. trapezoides that

Call has placed it in the synonymy of that species.' In U. trape-

zoides there may be one or two anterior pedal scars and they are

often widely separated.

A wonderful degree of variation is also found in the number and

position of the dorsal scars of many species of Unios, and in the

degree of development of the scars in the pallial line. In Mr. B.

H. Wright’s new Unio,—U. bursa pastoris, from Tennesseee, the

pallial line is generally composed of deep, strongly marked scars,

to which the mantle is attached ; in Unio ventricosus it is often so-

faint as to be scarcely discernable. J know of no character more

variable and wholly unreliable as a means of classification in the

Unionide than that of the muscle scars and my studies lead me to.

believe that it is seldom a mark of even specific value.

1Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, VII, No. 1, p. 54.

THE NAUTILUS. 31

DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF ACHATINELLIDEA

FROM THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

BY D. D. BALDWIN.

Partulina Hayseldeni n. sp.

Shell sinistral, minutely perforated, rather solid, ovately conical,

apex subacute ; surface shining, marked with delicate incremental

strie, and under a lens exhibiting very close, minute, decussating

spiral lines; embryonic whorls faintly cross lined. Color generally

of a uniform reddish-brown ; sometimes the coloring of the middle

portion of the whorl shades into white on the apical whorls, and in

some examples a white line revolves below the suture. Whorls 53,

slightly convex, narrowly margined above, the last carinated or

angulated at the periphery, the angle becoming almost obsolete to-

wards the aperture ; suture distinctly impressed and often margined

above by the continuation of the peripheral keel. Aperture oblique,

subovate, white within with a pinkish tinge ; peristome white, rather

obtuse, thickened within, the basal and columellar margins slightly

reflexed ; columella terminating in a strong, Be=stOue, white fold.

Length 173; diam. 10 mm.

Habitat, Island of Lanai.

Animal when extended in motion longer than the shell. Mantle

slate color with a brown band encircling the outer edge. Foot above

and below almost white with a yellowish tinge. Tentacles white

tinged with slate.

This species is allied to P. semicarinata Newe. which is found in

another district of the same island. The latter is a light straw-

colored, more conical, and invariably dextral shell. The animals of

the two species are somewhat similar, but sufficiently different to

warrant the separation.

We take pleasure in dedicating this handsome shell to Mr. Walter

H. Hayselden, the young naturalist who discovered both it and the

following species.

Amastra aurostoma n. sp.

Shell dextral, imperforate, solid, elongately ovate, spire conical,

apex subacute; surface lusterless, striated with somewhat irregular,

coarse growth striz ; the embryonic whorls finely, radiately sulcated.

Color light brown, apex dark chestnut; the lower whorls covered

with a black, fugacious epidermis which is generally dense on the

Jast whorl and more sparsely distributed on the other whorls.

32 THE NAUTILUS.

Whorls 63, somewhat convex; suture well impressed. Aperture

ovate, a little oblique, of an orange yellow color within; peristome

simple, acute, not thickened within, extremities united by a thick,

orange tinted, parietal callosity ; columella orange-yellow, flexuous,

abruptly terminating in a thin, slightly curved lamellar plait.

Length, 25; diam. 12 mm.

Habitat, Island of Lanai.

Animal when extended in motion as long as the shell. Mantle

dark slate, margined on the outer edge with reddish-brown. Foot

above and below very dark-brown, the sides studded with large

patches of darker hue, the posterior portion tinged with red. The

head above and tentacles covered with almost black granulations.

The prominent features of this shell are its elongate form and

orange colored aperture.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

The first week in May, the vol. of Transactions crossed the Rocky

Mountains on its way east. Our members in the Eastern States

have been very patient in awaiting its arrival. The address of Mr.

James H. Lemon has been changed from 134 Grange Ave., to 270

Markham St., Toronto, Canada.

In the January number of THe Navurixus the Editors noted the

publication of the Reverend George W. Taylor’s, “ Preliminary

Catalogue of the Marine Mollusks of the Pacific Coast of Canada,

with notes on their Distribution.” This Catalogue will not only be

found helpful to members of our chapter residing on the Pacific

Coast, but useful to all members interested in the Molluscan faunze

of the coast. The bulletin shows great care in bringing the nomen-

clature up to date. The classification adopted by Dr. W. H. Dall

in his “ Marine Mollusks of the S. E. Coast of the United States,”

has been followed by Mr. Taylor. The Catalogue is for sale by

John Durie & Son, Ottawa, and The Copp Clark Co., Toronto,

Canada.

Another new name is added to our membership roll, Mr. Leon

Walker, Chelsea, Mass. Members will please notice that additions

THE NAUTILUS. 33

to our membership are now published in Tor Nauritus. Our

Chapter is so large that the small amount charged for dues, for one

member, is consumed by the time the new one has been introduced

by postal card to all the members of the chapter. Tur Nauri.us

is our chapter organ and no member can afford to be without it.

The Juvenile Section is reported in The Observer, Portland,

Coun., May number page 265, under the title “ Notes from Young

Conchologists.”

AN INTERROGATION REGARDING THE FOSSIL SHELLS OF

SAN PEDRO BAY.

[An Extract from the Report of the Hon. Delos Arnold. Fromthe Transactions of

the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter for 1895].

It is probable there are many species of shells undiscovered in the

hidden recesses of our extended shores, that will be reveaied from

time to time as our facilities for systematic collecting are increased,

This feature of the question cannot but inspire the devotees of con-

chology—both old and young—with a keen interest. The possibility,

not to say strong probability, of being instrumental in adding new

forms to the accumulating list is an ever present incentive to earnest,

careful and intelligent observation. To lend color to the idea of the

existence of undiscovered species in this region, is the fact that

among three hundred or more species and varieties of Quaternary and

Tertiary marine fossils that have been discovered in the rocks and

raised beaches in the vicinity of San Pedro Bay there are many

that are supposed to be extinct in this locality, and yet, the same or

nearly allied species are known to be living along the shores of

Alaska and Washington, and some even as far south as the northern

shores of California. Among there are; Machera patula Dixon,

Priene Oregonensis Redf., Pecten hastatus Sby., Nassa Californica

Conr, and others.

There are several species, also, that are occasionally found alive

at Santa Cataline Id. and possibly in the water in San Pedro Bay,

whose scarcity excites the suspicion that they are “in the course of

ultimate extinction,” or at least, in the line of departure. Among

these are:

Chrysodomus tabulatus Baird.

Fusus Barbarensis Trask.

34 THE NAUTILUS.

Sureula Carpenteriana Gabb.

Surcula Tryoniana Gabb.

Venus (Chione) gnidia Brod. & Sby.

Pecten (Janira) floridus Hinds.

Lueina acutilineata Conr.

Nassa inseulpta Cpr.

Hemicardium biangulata,

It would hardly be safe with our limited knowledge of the mol-

lusea of this region, at this time, to assert with positiveness that any

of the supposed extinct species, are really extinct species, and yet,

the fact is apparent that even those species that are occasionally

found living here bear a very small relation, so far as numbers are

concerned, to those that existed in the past. The fact is further ap-

parent that along the northern shores of the Continent these same

species are found in great abundance; this might suggest a probable

migration.

Still the uncertainty of the matter, and the possibility of disprov-

ing the theory of extinction by an actual discovery of the living in-

dividuals here add interest and a stimulus to collectors and scien-

tists. P

If, after an exhaustive search for these missing species, it shall

appear that they have really disappeared, then the interesting ques-

tion arises as to the reason of their departure.

What were the conditions surrounding this locality in the Quater-

nary and Pliocene periods that made it possible for these forms to

exist then, that are now so changed as to render it impossible for

them to exist at present, and why are they still living along more

northern shores ?

The study of these questions may lead us somewhat out of the line

of conchology and into other branches of scientific investigation, but

as knowledge is what we should all covet, it might not be time mis-

spent to look into the subject.

NOTES AND NEWS.

AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY.—For some time past we have been

considering plans to increase the scope of our present publication,

“ Bulletins of American Paleontology,” in several ways, the details

THE NAUTILUS. 35

of which it is not necessary here to enumerate. In order, however,

to ascertain what material suitable for a purely paleontological pub-

lication may be available, we have concluded to offer a prize $50.00

for the best American (North, Central or South) paleontological

article presented for publication, as a separate Bulletin, before May

1,1897. ‘The article must be a well written original monograph or

report upon some special problem studied in the field or laboratory

or both, i. e., not a mere compilation from books. This report may

contain from 50 to 200 pages and from 5 to 10 full page plates of

the size of our Bulletins. It may be written in any language using

Roman characters. The judges named below shall have the power

to divide the prize in two equal parts in case of doubt between the

merits of two excellent articles, or to withhold the prize in case no

suitable articles appear.

Jupces: H.S. Williams, Yale University, New Haven, Conn. ;

T. W.Stanton, U.S. Geol. Surv., Washington, D.C.; G. D. Harris,

Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

Address all communications to G. D. Harris, Department of

Paleontology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

AGRIOLIMAX CAMPESTRIS IN THE Pecos VALLEY, N. M@i— When

recently at Roswell, N. M., J found a few specimens of Ag. campes-

tris. This is only the second locality for the species known in New

Mexico, and is the first record of any slug from the drainage-area

of the Pecos River.—T. D. A. CocKERELL, Mesilla, N. M.

THe Eprror acknowledges receipt of living West Coast Helices

from Mrs. E. P. Gaylord and Mr. Fred L. Button. They are en-

joying life in the vivarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences.

NOTICES OF PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

A Srupy oF THE UNIONIDE OF ARKANSAS, WITH INCIDENTAL

REFERENCE TO THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN THE MissIsstppI VALLEY.

By R. Ellsworth Call.—(Tr. Acad. Science of St. Louis, VII, 1895).

Under the above title the author has published a catalogue of the

Unionide. of the state of Arkansas, with partial bibliographic refer-

ences and copious notes. The species are arranged in alphabetical

36 THE NAUTILUS.

order, for convenience of reference, no doubt, for Mr. Call has else-

where acknowledged and used the natural system of placing allied

forms in groups. A number of the species, especially those of La-

mark, are illustrated by carefully drawn wood cuts, the original and

additional descriptions are given.

Lamarck’s types were only briefly described by him in the

Animaux sans Vertébres, and were not figured, and as he had but a

limited amount of material on which to base these descriptions, and

many of his localities were erroneous much of his work naturally rests

under a cloud. Lea examined most of what were believed to be his

types of Naiades, and it is on his testimony that our identifications

of the species of the great French Naturalist, for the most part, rest.

The determinations of the Lamarekian species given in this paper

agree with those of Lea.

Mr. Call has long been known as an extensive collector and a

eareful student of the North American Unionide, and is deservingly

considered a high authority on the subject. The only criticism on

his paper that occurs to the writer of this review is that one or two

errors are made in identification, and that he has placed rather too

many species in the synonymy. Unio brevidens is not the male of

what Lea afterwards described as U. arceformis, for although closely

allied it is perfectly distinct. The former in its younger stages is

more compressed, and the remarkable swelling in the posterior region

of the female is always full and distinct, projecting below the base

of the shell. . arceformis is always greatly inflated, is more

strongly angled posteriorly, and the swelling of the female shell is

not so distinct, nor does it usually project below the ventral line.

It is not colored like U. brevidens.

Unio venustus Lea is a solid shell, with broad, distinct, green rays,

and is probably only a heavy form of U. spatulatus, while U. pleast

Marsh, is more delicate, and has indistinet, wavy hair-line radiations

of dull green, and a general reddish tint thoughout the shell.

In general the synonymy is quite correct, and Mr. Call has made

a good move in the direction of cheekiug the enormous multiplica-

tion of specific names that are founded on mere variations or insuf-

ficient material. The paper is a valuable and welcome addition to

the literature of the North American Unionide.—C. T. Smrpson.

At a special meeting of the trustees of the Detroit Museum of

Art, held June 25th, a bronze medal was presented to Mr. Frederick

Stearns, in recognition of his valuable gifts and untiring efforts on

behalf of the Museum during the past twelve years.

ine N Serius.

VOL. x. AUGUST, 1896. No. 4

A NEW SPECIES OF POMATIOPSIS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

The genus Pomatiopsis is peculiar to North America. All of the

species occur in the temperate portion of the continent, and the

whole United States, excepting perhaps parts of the Rocky Mount-

tain region, still but imperfectly explored for small shells, is occupied

by the various forms. The best-known species P. lapidaria Say, is

as much a terrestrial mollusk as most of the Succineas. They can-

not live for any length of time immersed in water, and I have

drowned specimens, just as land snails may be drowned, by confin-

ing them in a vessel full of water. Information upon the other

species is less definite, but P. cincinnatiensis at least seems to be of

aquatic habits.

The genus is much more distinct than most genera of A mnicolide,

the dentition being, as William Stimpson first pointed out, strikingly

characteristic of the group. ‘The shells vary from the high, turrited

Bythinella form, to nearly as short as some Amnicolas.

The species described below is the third from the Eastern States,

and the fourth species of the genus, the others being P. lapidaria

Say, P. cineinnatiensis Lea and P. intermedia Tryon.

Pomatiopsis Hinkleyi n. sp.

Shell perforate, turrited, decidedly stouter in figure than P. lapid-

aria, but less compact and widely conic than P. cincinnatiensis.

Olive-brown. Surface with growth-lines about as in P. lapidaria.

Whorls 6, very convex, separated by a deep suture. Aperture

38 THE NAUTILUS.

slightly exceeding one-third the length of shell, ovate, the outer lip

strongly arcuate above, columellar margin flattened above; per-

istome continuous, the adnate parietal portion longer than in P.

lapidaria. Alt. 6, diam. 3} mm.

Black Falls, above Florence, Alabama (A. A. Hinkley, 1894).

The species is somewhat intermediate between P. /apidaria and P.

cincinnatiensis, but more like the former, from which, however, it is

very easily distinguished on comparison. The form is stouter, the

aperture larger, the outer lip more strongly curved above, and the

color duskier. The apex is somewhat eroded in all of the well

grown specimens. The dentition is similar in general characters to

that of P. lapidaria.

I am indebted to Mr. Bryant Walker for the specimens, which

were collected by Mr. Hinkley. Upon inquiry, my correspondent

quotes as follows from Mr. Hinkley’sletter: “ Most of the distance

from Florence to the last lock of the canal there is a steep rocky

bank ; a few rods from the water of the river over this bank anid out

of it are several small streams and springs of clear water. The

species under consideration was seen at most of these small streams

but was not numerous except at the two falls from which they were

taken. Three forms of Goniobasis were taken from the same streams-

Now, while the Goniobasis were in the water, the others were not.

They were taken from moss and decaying vegetation but were kept

damp by the spray of the falls or by the dripping water under the

rock back of the falls and the saturated moss. As I made a hurried

trip the day I collected these shells, they were not examined closely,

but I took it for granted they were feeding in the decaying vegeta-

tion. None of them were found beyond the reach of the spray but.

still they might have been hidden under the rubbish.”

From this the new species appears, as Mr. Walker remarks, to be

clearly Pomatiopsine in habits. In choosing a specific term for the’

form, I have acted upon the suggestion of Mr. Walker that the name

of one of our best collectors be associated with this interesting

species.

THE WEIGHT AND SIZE OF SHELLS.

BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY.

With the assistance of Mr. D. E. Owen, teacher of Physics in

Thornton Academy, the writer has weighed a few species of minute

shells. The results are given as follows:

THE NAUTILUS. 39

Twelve specimens of Astyris lunata from Wood Hole, Mass.

weighed 0.095 gms. This would make one specimen weigh about

0.008 gm. Reducing this to avoirdupois weight we have one shell

weighing 0.000282 oz.

The next example is Cerithiopsis Greenii—being the first of the

species found in Canadian waters, i. e. from Prince Edwards Island.

Ten specimens weighed 0.023 gm. or in ounces one specimen would

weigh 0.000081 oz.

Two sets of Odostomia seminuda were compared. The one being,

like the above, the first found at Prince Edwards Island. The

others came from near Woods Hole, Mass. It was found that the

Canadians weighed each 0.000048 oz. while those from Mass. weighed

each 0.000105 oz. The difference in size is noticeable without

weighing. This proves that Mass. is a better place to live than

Prince Edwards Island. The most interesting of all is New Eng-

land’s conchological elephant, Skenea planorbis. The set weighed

was found near Saco, Me. ‘The average weight of a specimen is

0.000018 oz. At this rate it would require 56,700 to make an ounce,

907,200 to the pound, and a ton would require 18,144,000,000. At

the rate of five cents each, a pound would be worth $45,360.00. I

am sorry to say I cannot supply them by the ton, or pound.

After weighing, the writer became interested in size comparisons,

and two species from the same region, i. e. Saco, were compared.

The largest shell in my New England cabinet is Mactra solidissima,

and the smallest Skenea planorbis. The Mactra weighs 174 oz. It

would require 1,004,250 of Skenea to balance the one Mactra. The

surface of the Mactra was reduced to a flat as near as possible,

divided into small squares, and the Skenea was placed on the small

square to estimate the comparative size. Dividing an inch into

sixteen squares, Skenea would find room enough for 25 on each

square, or 405 to the square inch. On the total surface of the

Mactra (including both sides) there would be space enough for

30,000 individuals of Skenea to rest comfortably. The above species

are all marines and hence the comparisons are more interesting

since conditions of life are similar. Much larger forms occur in other

waters but the specimens selected represent the extremes of the New

England area. I need hardly say that in commercial life these

extremes are avoided and the medium sizes are of more economic

value and popularity.

40 THE NAUTILUS.

SOME NOTES ON FLORIDA MOLLUSCA.

BY FRANK A. WHITE.

Just before the middle of March I went on a trip to the head-

waters of the Halifax river, which is one of the coast-wise waters of

Florida. On that trip I had the pleasure of picking up two shells

of Argonanta argo var. americana. I found them on the Atlantic

Beach about thirty miles north from Mosquito Inlet.

During the past winter and spring there have been over a hundred

of these shells picked up in this vicinity. I never heard of but

seven having been found on this beach previous to this season.

I also found Cyrenoides floridana Dall. These animals were alive

and in apparent health, about one hundred feet from the creek and

from $ to } inch below the surface of the soil. The land was low

and at the time of finding was wet from a copious rain. I also

came across a locality where Physa pomilia Conr. are found, in

abundance in running water.

In January, 1895, I spent some time at Crescent Beach about

twelve miles south of Cape Canaveral. One day I walked south

about two or two and a half miles to “ the rocks” and found a large

live Cyprea exanthema although it differs very much in contour and

spots from the “ ©. exanthema” in my collection. Thinking per-

haps some of the measurements might interest the readers of the

Naurtiuus I submit the following:

Length 113, width 602 mm.; height when lying with aperture

down, 46 mm.; aperture at the widest place 19 mm.; spire not

covered, and shows five volutions, dental plications on lip 40; plica-

tions on columella 34; lip only slightly inflexed having the inner

side of lip all visible.

When found the entire shell was a rich dark brown externally ;

purple inside where visible. The outside showed no trace of band,

spot, or growth-lines but it has faded much although kept in the

dark most of the time, and now shows growth-lines more than half

way round, across the back it shows three light bands and near

both lips light spots. In the summer of 1881 I found one somewhat

smaller of the same rich brown color and in just about the same

place. I have never known of any of this species being found alive

any farther north than “ the rocks.”

—_—

THE NAUTILUS. 41

A NEW SPECIES OF BULIMUS.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Anctus (?) Stearnsianus n. sp.

Shell narrowly umbilicate, subulate, tapering, rather solid but not

thick ; covered with an opaque dark olivaceous-brown cuticle, indis-

tinctly and irregularly streaked obliquely, and wanting on the

fleshy-whitish earlier whorls. Surface shining, with close, fine

growth-wrinkles and very minute, close and superficial spiral strize.

Spire tapering regularly from the last whorl to the obtuse apex,

which is smooth (but somewhat worn) in the specimens. Whorls7,

hardly convex, with linear sutures, the last not deflexed.

Aperture contained about 2} times in alt. of shell, long-ovate,

dull purplish within, somewhat oblique; peristome white, obtuse, a

trifle expanded at the edge, the margins in a plane and brought for-

ward to the level of the front of the body-whorl ; columellar margin

expanded ; parietal callus rather heavy.

Alt. 19, diam. 7; alt. of aperture 8 mill.

Alt. 193, diam. 73; alt. of aperture 83 mill.

Sierra de la Ventana, Argentina (U.S. F. C.).

A peculiar species, not agreeing well with others of this group,

but so far as I can see not referable to any section of Bulimulus. In

my opinion, Anctus is to be grouped with Odontostomus, Tomigerus

and Anostoma, not with the true Bulimuli.

The first whorl in this species is truncated pyramidal, with the

earlier third depressed, rapidly ascending; a comma-shaped apical

pit passed into the suture. The whorl just back of the upper angle

of the aperture, is somewhat flattened, recalling the condition so con-

spicuous in Plekocheilus Taylorianus Rve. It is named in honor

of my friend R. E. C. Stearns, who some years ago transmitted to

me for identification specimens collected by the “Albatross.”

LAND MOLLUSCA FROM THE REJECTAMENTA OF THE RIO GRANDE,

NEW MEXICO.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

A few weeks ago I collected a quantity of small land shells in the

rejectamenta of the Rio Grande at Mesilla, and sent them all to Dr.

Sterki, who has kindly identified them as follows:

42 THE NAUTILUS.

1.) Hyalinia minuscula Binn., Nineteen examples.

(2.) H. leviuseula Sterki. Thirteen.

(3.) Zonitoides arboreus Say. One, immature, weathered.

(4.) Helicodiscus lineatus Say. Five.

(5.) Vallonia perspectiva Sterki. One; small, whorls scarcely

over three.

(6.) V. gracilicosta Reinh. (probably). Three.

(7.) V. eyclophorella Ancey. One.

(8.) Buliminus (“ Pupa”) fallax Say. Fifteen.

(9.) Pupa blandi Morse. Eleven. “ Very variable in altitude;

a few smaller specimens are scarcely or not distinguishable from P.

triplicata Studer, from the eastern continent, except in color, which,

in P. blandi and other species of the group, is very variable.”

(Sterki.)

(10.) P. arizonensis (Gabb) W. G. B. Three. With distinet

ribs.

(11.) P. hordeacea Gabb. Eighty-four. “ Rather variable in

size; one specimen is of considerably smaller diameter than the

average.” (Sterki.)

(12.) P. hordeacella Pilsbry. Thirteen.

(13.) Vertigo ovata Say. Twelve. Two are lower than the rest,

with the base somewhat truncate.

(14.) Cionella lubrica Mill. One.

(15.) Carychiwn exiguum Say. One.

Mesilla is much lower down the river than San Marcial, whence a

rejectamenta-collection was formerly recorded. Yet the types

found are largely boreal. I was particularly surprised to come

across the Cionella, which must surely have floated a long way.

There was no vestige of any Holospira. Limneea, Planorbis (parvus

Say, and two others) and Physa occurred with the above land-shells,

but there were not any traces of Spheriwm or Pisidium, nor of any

operculates.

Further Records of Land Shells from New Mexico.

I am now able to offer two more lists of New Mexico shells, all

identified, as before, by Dr. V. Sterki, who has been most kind in

attending to them.

(1.) Shells from the rejectamenta of the Rio Grande at Rincon,

N.M. This is between Mesilla and San Marcial. They were with

much juniper debris.

14 Hyalinia minuscula Binn. 38 Vertigo ovata Say. “One albino ?”

THE NAUTILUS. 43

10 Hyalinia leviuscula Sterki. 2 Suecinea avara Say.

2 Helicodiscus lineatus Say.

1 Vallonia costata Mull.

17 Buliminus fallax Say. Some apparently albino.

12 Pupa hordeacea Gabb.

1 Pupa procera Gld. “ Light colored or possibly albino.”

18 Pupa hordeacella Pilsb. “ Very variable in altitude, as usual.”

3 Pupa blandi Mse. “One quitesmall, and like triplicata Stud.”

There were also 9 Planorbis parvus Say, and 2 Planorbis sp. Dr.

Sterki had not before seen Pupa procera from so far west.

(2.) Shells from debris at Lone Mountain near Silver City, N. M.,

about 6000 ft. alt. They may have been washed two or three miles,

but no great distance, certainly.

6 Hyalinia minuseula Binn. 37 Pupa hordeacea Gabb.

22 Hyalinia leviuscula Sterki. 1 Pupa hordeacella Pilsb.

1 Vallonia perspectiva Sterki. 6 Pupa pentodon Say.

1 Vertigo ovata Say.

The range of V. perspectiva is extended.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. }

Members of our Chapter who have not received the Transactions

will be glad to learn that before many weeks the volume will have

gone the rounds of the chapter. With two or three exceptions,

members have promptly forwarded the volume after retaining it but

one week, and the General Secretary desires to thank members for

their promptness in notifying her when forwarding the reports.

A CHAPTER ON METHODS.

[From the report of Mr. A. H. Gardner. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea

Chapter for 1895.]

Not the smallest object to the collector and conchologist is sym-

metry in thearrangement of the cabinet. Nothing can appear worse

than an untidy heterogenous array of specimens, which too frequently

reflects the spirit of its author.

44 THE NAUTILUS.

Efforts in this line do not necessarily entail expense, but, they do

call for more care and work than some people like to give. _Per-

haps the first thing the collector thinks about after he has his spec-

imens and has determined them, is of some arrangement whereby he

can secure the safety and identity of the separate species, and on this

account he casts his eyes around for trays or the bottom parts of

boxes. Now there is abundance of boxes to be found but a scarcity

of those that will suit his purpose, and so he frequently takes the

best he can find and proceeds to form his collection with the original

lot as a basis of supplies.

This was at least, my experience. I tried druggists sundries

houses and dealers in these supplies but I could never get the size,

shape or color I desired, until I made up my mind to make them

myself and in this way satisfy my requirements, to my own satisfac-

tion. As several people have frequently commented on their neat

appearance, and as the process is comparatively easy, I conceived

the idea that it might be of use to others, in our chapter, I herewith

give the modus operandi.

My trays are all one half inch in depth, in width multiple of one

half inch, viz.; 14, 3, 6inches, which I have found the largest size

required ; in length, they run as follows 1,13, 2,23, 3, 4 and 6 inches.

They are made from what are called 8-ply blanks,—a fine white

smooth card board which I purchased cut to the various sizes from

the Hasting Card Company, Beekman St., New York, at very nom-

inal prices. The first operation is the gouging of the corners thus:

(In this report, Mr. Gardner has three simple cards glued on his Ms.,

they are all 2 by 2 inches, and, are numbered 1,2 and 3. One half

inch from the edge of the card numbered “ 1,” there are four corners

marked in ink, making four right angles, these indicate the four lines

to be scored with the knife, M. B. W.). Then with a sharp knife I

score the lines from edge to edge half through, (No. 2) then cut out

the corners and turn up the sides, the long ones first, (No. 3). The

short sides are scored a trifle irregularly that they may lie evenly in

the finished box and maintain the required size. (On each of the

short sides allowance is made in order that they may stand up within

the longer sides and make a perfect tray the same size top and

bottom. The difference is about equal to the thickness of the card-

board).

I then rule a sheet of white paper with lines + inch apart in width,

and 1 inch in length, fasten it with four pins to a board, and cover

THE NAUTILUS. 45

its ruled surface with gum arabic laid on smoothly with a brush.

When dry it is cut into gummed tags 3 inch wide and 1 inch long

with which the sides of the trays are fastened together on the out-

side. Of course this is a little tedious and I found it best to set my-

self the task of making one dozen a day, and very soon accumulated

several gross of assorted sizes, and it isan easy thing now when Iam

short of any particular size, to replenish the stock.

The cards to make the size of boxes given in this report should be

cut to the following sizes 232, 4x23, 4x3, 4x3, 4x4, 4x7, and

7x7. They will give an appearance of uniformity to the drawers

and save a great deal of space. I usually place a card 3 inch in

width to just fit the inside of each tray, ruled on the top and bottom

red lines, this is for the name, authority, and locality of specimens,

and other data. All shells whose size will admit of it I enclose in

glass vials, square at the bottom and with no neck, they are about

2% inches long so that the cork takes up the balance of the space in

the tray, and of a width to enable them to hold such specimens as

Helix tridentata. For the smallest boxes the vials are 14 inches long

and about + inch in thickness. Here, in New York, they can be

bought for about 50 to 70 cents a gross.

For the reception of the smallest species, Vertigo Pupa, ete., and

in order to bring the characteristics of these minute shells promi-

nently before the observer, I adopted the following plan: Equidistant

from the sides of a 3><1 inch slip of card board I punched a hole with

a die, made for the purpose; and then gummed this slip to another

of equal size on which the surface beneath the whole was covered

with black paper. The specimens were then mounted with gum in

this depression and the whole covered with one of the ordinary 51

inch glass slips used by microscopists, those with rough edges pree

ferred. The whole thing was then bound around its edges with slips

of gummed paper 8 inches long by about + wide and the edges trim-

med with scissors when dry. This plan also protected the shells from

dust and worked capitally when examining their apertures under a

low microscopic power, a very necessary proceeding when determin-

ing or explaining to others the difference in the various species.

The gum I found best adapted for mounting the shells was picked

gum arabic—a saturated solution in water mixed with an equal quan-

tity of glycerine, then filtered and a few drops of acetic acid added,

this never cracks, nor shows any objectionable gloss. Want of space

has compelled my relinquishing this plan, for the smallest size trays

and vials, which, however, I have never found as convenient.

46 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTE ON BULIMUS HANLEYI AND B. CORONATUS.

BY H. AS PILSBRY.

The two Brazilian species mentioned above are thin, unicolored,

glossy shells, with the spire long, suture crenulated, columella simple

and foldless, and the outer lip thin and acute. B. Han/eyi Pfr. was

(with B. recluzianus Pfr.) placed in a new subgenus, Oxycheilus,’

by Albers in 1850; but von Martens in 1860 referred it to Orphnus.

B. coronatus Pfr. was placed by Albers in Leptomerus, but von

Martens transferred the species to Peronceus, where it has been re-

tained by subsequent authors.

The characters of the apical whorls show at once that the refer-

ence of the species to Leptomerus (a section of Bulimulus) is errone-

ous; while the structure of the columella and the texture of the shell

equally remove the species from Peroneus.

The texture of the shell is that of such South American Stenogy-

roid species as B. caleareus Born and B. cuneus Pfr., ete. which have

been called Obeliscus, but for which the name NEOBELISCUS’ is now

proposed. These, however, have a bulbous, more or less costulate

apex, without apical dimple.

For B. Hanleyi and B. coronatus, we suggest the name SyNAP-

TERPES, the former species being the type. The conchological feat-

ures of the new group are: an oblong-turrited, thin, glossy, more or

less vitreous shell with crenulated sutures, rather obtuse (but not

bulbous) nuclear whorl with comma-shaped apical dimple, the aper-

ture long-ovate with thin, sharp outer lip and simple columella, not

truncate below, its edge narrowly reflexed above.

I do not know that any species except the two mentioned belong

to this group. Its systematic position, if we judged by shell char-

acters, would seem to bein the Achatinide near Neobeliseus; but if

Binney’s identification’ is correct, the jaw and dentition are consider-

ably like those of some forms of the genus Strophocheilus, and, there-

fore, as far as their testimony goes, indicate a position for the group

in the Helicide. )

1 Not Oxychilus Fitz., 1833, nor Oxychetla Dej., 1825.

2 Obeliscus was restricted by Gray in 1847 (P. Z.S., p. 176) to B. obtusatus

Gmel., a Madagascar species for which the name C/avatoy was proposed in 1860.

Humphreys had previously used Oée/?scus in another sense.

*See under Orphnus Han/eyi Pfr., in Annals of the N. Y. Acad.. Sci., IL,

p. 115, pl. xi, fig. D (jaw and dentition).

THE NAUTILUS. 47

NOTES AND NEWS.

Messrs. 8. H. Srupakorr anp Geo. H. Ciapp gave a lecture

on shells at the regular monthly meeting of the Academy of Science

and Art of Pittsburgh, held in the lecture room of the Carnegie

Library, Pittsburgh, on Friday Evening, June 5th. It was illus-

trated by specimens from the collections in the Museum, and wall

charts. After the lecture an adjournment was taken to the Museum.

The lecture is the first of a series arranged with the idea of populariz-

ing the Museum, which occupies spacious rooms in the Carnegie

Library.

Nore on Lia, Atpers.—The names Lia and Leia being pre-

occupied, Schaufuss proposed the term InL1acutus for this Jamaican

group of Cylindrellide, in the first edition of Peetel’s Catalogue

(Molluscorum Systema et Catalogus. System und Aufzihlung sim-

mtlicher Conchylien der Sammlung von Fr. Paetel, 1869, p. 15).

This will take precedence over Vendryesia Simpson (Proce. U.S. Nat.

Mus., xvii, 1894, p.430). Fauxuxus Schauf. is proposed for Fuula

H. Ad., a South African group of Pupide, and new names are also

brought forward for Parthenia, Cantharidus, Orphnus, <Acicula,

Rupicola and some other groups. Most of these changes are un-

necessary, but they seem to have escaped general notice.

Nore on Mactra.—In the Saco market, a few days ago, a spec-

imen of Mactra solidissima was opened, and found to have another

of the same species in the gill cavity; the sizes in inches were:

1. 33X22X1f%s.

De Vs MI.

The size of the smaller leads me to snspect that it had been some

time in the larger, not as a parasite, but as partner—Hernry W.

WINKLEY, Saco, Me.

Mr. CHARLES W. JOHNSON, junior editor of the NauriLus, sailed

on the 13th of July for Liverpool. He will spend the summer in

studying the Museums of England, France and Germany, returning

in September.

Mr. FREDERICK STEARNS, of Detroit, Mich., has departed upon

an extended tour in South America.

NOTICES OF PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

DIAGNOSES OF NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSKS FROM THE WeEsT Coast

or America, by W. H. Dall (From Proceedings of the U. S. Na-

tional Museum xviii, 1895, pp. 7-20).

48 THE NAUTILUS.

Calliostoma iridium, West Mexico.

Calliostoma turbinum, Santa Barbara Is., 100 fms.

Anaplocamus (new genus) borealis, 8. of Unimak Isld., 61 fms.

“This very remarkable shell recalls a fresh-water genus at once

and would easily be overlooked amid a quantity of Anculosa dila-

tata. * * * It is probably referable to the family Trichotro-

pide.”

Solariella nuda, off Lower California, 298-455 fms.

Solariella ceratophora, off La Paz.

Rimula (?) expansa, Gulf of Panama.

Emarginula flabellum, Lower California.

Cloristes carpenteri, Gulf of Panama.

Benthodolium pacificum, Gulf of Panama.

Phos cocosensis, Gulf of Panama.

Cominella brunneocincta, Gulf of Panama. ,

Fusus (?) rufocaudatus, Gulf of Panama.

Tractolira sparta, Gulf of Panama to Acapulco.

This new genus seems to be a degenerate form of Volutide.

Scaphella benthalis, Gulf of Panama.

Cancellaria centrota, Gulf of Panama.

Cancellaria io, Gulf of Panama.

Pleurotoma aulaca, off Acapulco.

Pleurotomella castanea, E. from Galapagos Is.

Fucula iphigenia, Gulf of Panama.

Limopsis compressus, Gulf of Panama.

Philobrya atlantica, Off Argentina.

Callocardia stearnsii, Off Washington, near Tillamook.

Callocardia lepta and gigas, Gulf of California.

Callocardia ovalis, Gulf of Panama.

Callogonia angulata, Gulf of Panama.

Periploma stearnsii, Gulf of California.

Periploma carpenteri, Gulf of California.

All the species are from considerable depths; and many of them

being of considerable interest, figures will be very acceptable. The

Philobrya is the first marine form in which a glochidium stage, com-

parable to that of the Unionidae, has been recognized. We have in

a former issue referred to the important light on the morphology of

the gill supplied by the Callocardia stearnsii.

fea Neri us.

VOTER Xe, SEPTEMBER, 1896. No. 5

NOTES ON SOME WEST AMERICAN CHITONS.

BY H A. PILSBRY.

ii.

Among some interesting small Chitons from San Pedro, Califor-

nia, collected by Mr. T. S. Oldroyd, which I have lately examined

(through the kindness of Dr. Dall), the following call for especial

notice, as they offer differences from the types figured in the Manual

of Conchology.

Mopalia imporcata Cpr.

The single specimen measures 9 by 18: mm., and is somewhat

more elevated than the type of the species; color pale olivaceous,

white towards the girdle, speckled on the ribs of lateral areas with

brown, and with a brown patch on each pleural tract. The teeth

are very distinctly thickened along the outer edges of the slits, as in

the typical Callistochitons. Sculpture typical.

The color is different from that of the type, and the specimen is

larger.

Ischnochiton scabricostatus Cpr.

Lateral areas with four (on one side of valve ii, five ; on one side

of valves iv and vy, three) radial riblets, which are very weakly,

hardly perceptibly, granose. Sutures very feebly crenate. Anterior

and posterior valves with 9 slits each. Color reddish (but not at

all of an orange cast), with a few inconspicuous white spots on

some of the lateral areas.

50 THE NAUTILUS.

The typical specimen of J. scabricostatus was orange with some

dark sutural dots, and the lateral areas are three ribbed, some low

pustules on the ribs. It was described from Catalina Island.

Both this species and the last are excessively rare in collections.

A series of Chitons received from Miss Ida M. Shepard, of Long

Beach, Cal., contained specimens of a Cullistochiton, which, while

allied to C. decoratus Cpr. of Lower California, yet differs in im-

portant respects.

Callistochiton decoratus var. punctocostatus n. v.

Similar to C. decoratus in sculpture of end valves and lateral

areas; but the central areas have no wide, smooth triangle at the

ridge, such as types of decoratus have (Man. of Conch., xiv, pl. 58,

fig. 18); being somewhat irregularly pitted toward the beaks, and

with rows of pits on each side of a small oblong smooth tract at the

ridge; most valves pitted also on the ridge anteriorly.

Til.

Finally, with numerous other interesting species collected by Dr.

Benj. Sharp in Alaskan waters during the summer of 1895, there

were two specimens of a new and unusually distinct form, which we

dedicate to that accomplished zoologist.

Trachydermon Sharpii n. sp.

Shell oblong, elevated, carinated, the side slopes somewhat convex.

Surface to the naked eye smooth; lustreless ; slightly soiled white,

with some faint and ill-defined brownish spots on the lateral areas,

the girdle gray.

Anterior valve smooth, with some indistinct concentric grooves ;

the anterior slope shorter than the posterior edges; hind margin

emarginate. Intermediate valves wide and short, with slightly

arcuate margins at junction with girdle, hind margins emarginate,

Central areas very minutely roughened by diverging wrinkles;

lateral areas slightly raised, with a few arcuate faint grooves in the

direction of growth-lines. Posterior valve highest at its anterior

margin, the subcentral mucro but slightly projecting, the slope be-

hind it about straight.

Interior white; valve callus strong; sinus coneave and shallow,

not defined at the edges ; sutural laminze but little projecting, broadly

rounded, invading the sinus. Insertion plates hardly longer than

THE NAUTILUS. Di

the narrowly channelled and solid eaves, sharp and smooth. Slits

in valve i, 16; valves ii to vii, 1-1 or 2-1 or 2-2, the larger num-

ber prevailing on the more anterior valves; in valve viii, 13. Pos-

terior tooth in the median valves square and well developed.

Girdle rather unevenly covered, with convex, pebbly, coarse

scales, those toward the outer margin elongated, and there is a

copious marginal fringe of stout hyaline spinules.

Gill-row three-fourths the length of foot, with 21 plumes on each

side.

Length about 14, breadth 8 mm.

Unalashka (Dr. Benj. Sharp!).

The number of slits is unusually great, and they are doubled in

some valves; the girdle scales are coarse, the marginal fringe con-

spicuous. These characters, together with the general smoothness

of the valves externally, and the undefined, concave sinus, will

readily distinguish the species. In view of its numerous slits,

solid leaves and coarse girdle-scales, it is aberrant for a Trachyder-

mon; but the girdle is not that of Trachyradsia nor Ischnochiton,

and the gill-row is short, extending forward only three-fourths the

length of the foot, asin the true Trachydermons. It has not the

spongy eaves and sinus of Spongioradsia.

The slitting of the intermediate valves is variable, but mainly

Radsioid In valve ii there are 2-2 slits; valves iil, iv, v, 2-1;

valves vi, vii, 1-1 slits, in the type specimen.

ON THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF CYRENOIDEA.

IBY W. “Heal:

The genus Cyrenoidea was published in June, 1835, by de Joannis,

in the Magazin de Zoologie; by a typographical error, apparently,

the Latin form, which was used only once in the article, was printed

Cyrenoida. A little later in the same year, Deshayes reclaimed the

genus for his manuscript name of Cyrenel/a, which had been read to

the Société Philomathique in December, 1834. The first published

name, corrected as above, has been adopted, in spite of the objection

to its furmation as a Latin name with a Greek suffix.

The original type, C. Duponti Joannis, is from the Senegal River,

West Africa, and it seems that his specimen was defective, since in

52 THE NAUTILUS.

Senegambian specimens I find the hinge quite different from Joannis”

figure, and essentially similar to that of American species.

The first of the latter was described by Morelet in 1851, from

Porto Rico, under the name of ©, americana. It differs from the

African species by its smaller and more delicate shell, its more

quadrate form and proportionately shorter ligament. Some species

reported from the Philippines by Sowerby I have shown to have a

different hinge and separated under the name of Joannisiedla.

The first continental American species was obtained by Hemphill

in the marshes of southwest Florida (Marco, Boca Ceiga Key, and

the Everglades) where it affects brackish, or even tolerably salt

water, indifferently. This I named in manuscript C. floridana (ef.

Bull. 37, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1889, No. 217, p. 50). Lastly a fine

Pliocene species was obtained by Mr. Willcox and myself from the

marls of the Caloosahatchie River in south Florida.

Diagnoses of the two latter follow.

Cyrenoidea floridana (Dall, MS., 1889) n.s.

Shell rounded, small, thin, very delicate, whitish or translucent

with a pale, silky, yellowish, dehiscent epidermis ; surface smooth,

or sculptured only by incremental lines; interior margin smooth,

polished ; the visceral area with a dull, more or less punctate sur-

face ; pallial line indistinct, often broken, not sinuous; ligament

short, brownish, external ; hinge as in C. duponti but more delicate.

Largest specimen, lon. 13°5, alt. 12°5, diameter 8:0.

The range of the species, as far as known, is from Brunswick

Georgia, south to the Everglades on the east, and, on the west, north

to Charlotte Harbor and vicinity.

The animal is distinctly Lucinoid, the foot is long, slender, filiform

and with an ovate, swollen distal termination.

Cyrenoidea caloosaensis n. s.

Shell large, thin, resembling C. floridana, but coarser, with ruder

concentric sculpture, sometimes approaching undulations; more in-

equilateral, the anterior part relatively smaller and shorter, the

anterior left bifid cardinal tooth proportionately much shorter than

in either of the other species of the genus. Lon. of shell 30°9, alt.

27:0, diameter 17-5 mm.

The shell is known, so far, only from the Pliocene marls of south

Florida.

All the species are very similar to one another, and differ only in

minor details of form and hinge. They would, as a rule, be taken

for Diplodontas except for the differences of the hinge.

THE NAUTILUS. 53

EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE,

Lonpoy, August 11, 1896.

The providential occurrence of a rainy day gives me the oppor-

tunity to make good my promise to write something about the mu-

seums and collections of England before my departure next Saturday

for Paris.

The main collection of shells in the British Museum (Natural

History) occupy a room (or gallery, as it is called) about 140 feet

in length and 40 feet wide. The shells are arrayed in 52 beautiful

mahogany cases, about 8 feet long and 44 feet in breadth. They

extend longitudinally in pairs, making four rows. The cases are of

the horizontal type, with inclosed drawers below. The specimens

are mounted on wooden tablets, which are covered with blue-gray

paper, the smaller and fragile species being in glass-covered boxes

which are also placed on tablets. On each side of the room are

four smaller cases, which contain special collections, viz., some of

the economic uses of shells, the pearl-bearing mollusks, eggs and

egg-capsules of various species, Brachiopoda, some groups of the

Cephalopoda, etc. At the entrance of the gallery there are two

table cases, the one on the left containing pathologic monstrosities

produced by disease and the reparation of injuries, the other sections

of shells showing the internal structure and mode of growth, also

specimens of rock and coral illustrating the boring power of mol-

lusks and several kinds of wood perforated by various species of

boring mollusks. Near the latter, against the wall, are four upright

cases, two on each side; these contain the specimens too large for

the cases containing the general collection. In one of these, pro-

tected by a glass cover, you see the great Plewrotomaria adansoniana,

from Tobago. This shell a friend of mine saw in an office in Tobago,

being used as a paper-weight! but, when we wrote for it, “the bird

had flown.” They are evidently not made for paper-weights. Two

large valves of Tridacna gigas, 36 inches in length and weighing

310 pounds, also greet you on entering this magnificent room, and,

if it was near dinner-time, they would probably increase your appe-

tite (since they have become the trade-mark of one of our leading

restaurants) ; but you would soon forget the “inner man” when you

got among some of the conchological gems. I have spent many

hours going over the great collection, and hunting up some of those

old rarities we have read about since boyhood: COypraea princeps

54. THE NAUTILUS.

(—C. valentia Perry), C. leucodon Brod., C.- broderipi Gray, C.

marginata, Conus gloria-maris and many of the beautiful Volutes ;

and looking at those strange forms obtained by the “ Challenger”

expedition: Guivillea alabastrina (Southern Ocean, 1600 fathoms),

Provocator pulcher (105 fathoms off Kerguelen), Volutolithes abyssi-

cola (150 fathoms off S. Africa, a genus so common in the Eocene),

Columbarium pagodoides (410 fathoms off Sydney, Australia), Lyria

lutea (275 fathoms off western New Zealand), Oocorys suleata, and

others. A shell that interested me very much was Fulgur coarctatum

Sowb., two specimens from the Gulf of Mexico. It is undoubtedly

a dextral Fulgur perversum. It reminds one of F. rapwm from the

pliocene of Florida, except that it has a prominent row of small,

spine-like tubercles at the periphery. Like the few specimens of T.

carica that are sinistral, we may only see such forms once in a life-

time. To describe the beauty and extent of the collection of land

shells space would not permit, even if I could. The groups from

the Philippines seem to be perfect, while the collection of Amphi-

dromus recently monographed by Mr. Hugh Fulton, and which now

contains his types, is a grand sight; one can hardly imagine the ex-

quisite coloring of some of the species. Equally fine are the groups

representing the African, South American and West Indian faunas.

The Nudibranchiata are shown by an elegant series of glass models,

while throughout the entire collection are wax, glass or alcoholic

representatives of the soft parts of many of the principal genera.

But this is not the only collection of shells.“ The aleoves round

the central hall, five on each side, are devoted to the Introductory

or Elementary Morphological Collection, designed to teach the most

important points in the structure of the principal types of animal

and plant life, and the terms used in describing them, all of which

should be known before the systematic portion of the collection can

be studied to advantage. This has been called the ‘ Index Museum.’ ”

The Mollusca are in aleove No. VII; here is arranged an elegant

series of anatomical preparations, a large series illustrating the forms

of shells, and other series showing ornamentation, specific variation,

muscular impressions, the hinge-teeth, opercula, ete.

The north end of the central hall is known as the Gallery of

British Zoology. Here is a large collection of the Mollusca of the

British Isles, occupying five of the horizontal and one upright case,

the latter containing the large specimens.

I cannot close this brief description of the collection of Mollusca

in this great Museum without giving you some idea of the vast col-

; THE NAUTILUS. 55

lection of fossil mollusks. The Cephalopoda oceupy a room one-half

the size of the shell gallery and containing 16 horizontal cases ar-

ranged transversely, while around the entire room are large wall

eases. The Gastropoda and Pelecypoda occupy one-half of a room

the same size as the shell gallery, including large wall cases along

the side (the other half of the gallery being given to the fossil

Arthropoda, Echinodermata, etc.). Then there is another gallery

the size of this devoted to the Cephalopoda, that contains special

collections of historical interest, or collections including a large

number of types described and figured in standard monographs.

The principal ones are the collection formed by William Smith, the

pioneer of geology in England, the Searles Wood collection of Crag

Mollusea, the Edwards collection of Eocene Mollusca, the Davidson

collection of Brachiopoda, the types of Sowerby’s “ Mineral Conch-

ology,” and specimens belonging to the collection of Sir Hans

Sloane, which was the nucleus of this great Museum.

There is also a very large collection of fossil Mollusca at the

Museum of Practical Geology, which contains the material obtained

by the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, and here I wish

to express my sincere thanks to Messrs E. A. Smith, B. B. Wood-

ward and the officials of the British Museum generally, as well as to

Messrs G. F. Harris, E. R. Sykes and others, who did so much to

make my visit to London both pleasant and instructive.

I spent a few very pleasant hours in Cambridge with Rev. Prof.

H. M. Gwatkin, who took great pleasure in showing some of his

rare forms of radule. I cannot describe this collection, and one can

only wonder at the time and careful work involved in making so

many beautiful slides. It is undoubtedly the largest and finest col-

lection of radule in the world. While at Cambridge, I also had the

good fortune to meet Mr. A. H. Cook, of Kings College, who kindly

showed me the “MacAndrews Collection.” This is a collection that

one could spend hours over, instead of the few minutes hastily spent

in glancing at some of the important groups. The large suites

showing the shell in all stages of development is a very noticeable

feature, and shows what a good selection was made of the large

amount of material evidently obtained by MacAndrew in his exten-

sive dredgings. Another collection which the museum at Cambridge

has recently obtained is the “Saul Collection,” made by Miss Saul,

of London. The collection is noted for its beautiful Cyprzeas.

Here we see all of those mentioned as being in the British Museum,

56 THE NAUTILUS.

except Cyprea leucodon ; while it contains such rarities as Cyprea.

barclayi, C. saul, two specimens of C. guttata, large suites of C.

scottii, C. thersites, C. umbilicata and very large and handsome series

of the more common species. Both collections are still in cabinets.

of drawers and not publicly exhibited.

The collection of shells on exhibition in the Liverpool, or Derby

Museum, as it is called, although not large, is exceptionally fine, and

represents a great deal of care in its selection. A few species or

genera of fossil forms closely allied to living mollusks are incorpora-

ted with the latter. Very interesting features of the museum are its.

aquaria, where both fresh water and marine mollusks may be seen

alive. Through the kindness of Mr. Joseph A. Clubb, Assistant

Curator, [ spent several very pleasant hours in going over these col-

lections.

Cas. W. JoHNson.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

{Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. }

The summer vacation is finding a number of our members engaged

in collecting and taking notes. We anticipate some fine reports

next December.

The residence of Mrs. Laura N. Trowbridge has been changed

from Whittier, California, to National City, San Diego County, Cal.

MARINE SHELLS ON THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COAST.

[Extract from the report of Mrs. E. D. G. Campbell. From the Transactions of the

Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter for 1895.]

My collecting has been done in San Pedro Bay and vicinity.

Mr. Campbell hunting where I had not strength to go.

During January and February at Dead Man’s Island have found

a few fine specimens of Astralium (Pomaulax) undosus Wood and

Pteronotus festivus Hds.

Upon the breakwater connecting Dead Man’s Island with Termi-

nal Island, Aemea scabra Nutt., A. spectrum Nutt., Littorina planaxis

Nutt. and ZL. scutulata Gld. were very plentiful. At extreme low

tide in the drift, on the sandy beach along the northern part of the

THE NAUTILUS. ii

breakwater, I found numerous bright, perfect (dead) specimens of

Calliostoma gemmulatum Cpr., Modiola recta Conr., Scala hindsii

Cpr., Siliqua patula Dixon (small specimens), Solen rosaceus Cpr.

and Fissurella volcano Rve., while the occasional finding of a pretty

Calliostoma gloriosum Dall, Erato vitellina Hds., Mitromorpha filosa

Cpr. or Acton (Rictaxis) punctocelatus has marked the day.

During the low tides of the last month (November), alive upon

the rocks at White’s Point we found a few fine specimens of Mitra

maura Swains., and Gadinia reticulata Sby. The under side of

some of the large stones there were covered with Astyris gausapata

Gld. var. carinata, which little animals would move off at such rapid

pace that it required lively movements to capture them. With the

Astyris were a few Scala Hindsii.

In the vicinity of Laguna near Three Arches, among Mytilus calt-

fornieus Conr., Purpura lina Mart. var. emarginata Desh. were

very plentiful, some of them larger than I had seen before. There

was also one nice living Cyprea spadicea Gray. Upon the beach

sand were several bright, large specimens of Trivia solandri Gray.

These were dead, as were all but one of Muricidea incisa Brod.,

which were quite plentiful. Macron lividus A. Ad. was there, too,

living upon the under side of large stones.

At Catalina on the Main, upon the beach, were several specimens

of Chrysodomus ( Kellettia) Kelletti Fbs., which had been brought in

by fishermen. But the “find” which I appreciated most was that

of a “ baker’s dozen ” of living Semele rupium Sby., upon the rocks

above extreme low tide, at a place about one mile and a half west of

Laguna.

NOTES ON THE PARVUS GROUP OF UNIONIDZ AND ITS ALLIES.

BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON.

Mr. R. Ellsworth Call, so well known as an able student of the

American Unionide, has recently published a revision and synon-

omy of the Parvus group of Unionide,' and I wish to call attention

to certain points in the paper.

The Parvus group is, in general, well characterized, consisting of

small Unios, with brownish to blackish epidermis, rayless or feebly-

1 Proc. Indiana Acad. Science for 1895, pp. 109-119, plates I-VI.

58 THE NAUTILUS.

rayed posteriorly, usually somewhat pointed behind, the females dis-

tinguished from the males by a well-developed basal swelling, and

the beak sculpture consisting of parallel, curved ridges, which are

drawn in towards the hinge-line posteriorly, and are more open

anteriorly. The cardinals are usually compressed, often torn and

reflected upwards, and the nacre is generally brilliant bluish-silvery,

becoming richly iridescent behind, but it is sometimes purple. The

peculiar beak sculpture, much like that of the Tetralasmus group,

is one of the best characters when not eroded away.

Mr. Call is right in his criticism on my paper on the Unionide of

Florida, in which I placed Unio trossulus Lea and U. lepidus

Gould in the Parvus group. At the time of writing that paper I

had carefully examined all of Lea’s material, all the general collec-

tion of the National Museum, much of B. H. Wright’s, Mrs. George

Andrews’, Wm. A. Marsh’s, Rey. A. Dean’s and my own collection

of Florida and Georgia Unios of this general type, but had not

found a specimen old or young that showed the beak sculpture.

Recently, in examining some specimens of U. amygdalum in Mr. A.

G. Wetherby’s collection, from Clear Lake, Florida, I noticed that

the beak sculpture was perfect, and consisted of a double loop, hence

they cannot be placed in the Parvus group. I may remark, in

passing, that having seen Gould’s type of U. lepidus, I should un-

hesitatingly pronounce it the same as Lea’s amygdalum. )

Unfortunately, Mr. Barnes’ description of Unio parvus’ is very

brief and imperfect, and the only figure he gave of it is an outline.

Much confusion exists concerning this species, and it is often con-

founded with Unio texasensis ; in fact, Mr. Lea himself has placed a

lot of specimens of the latter species from northern localities among

the parvus in his own collection. Unio texasensis certainly extends

into southern Indiana and Illinois, and well north into Missouri and

Kansas. In general, U. parvus is smaller than U. texasensis, is more

inflated and cylindrical, rather more elongated, and has a much

more evenly rounded posterior region. The latter is almost always

distinetly pointed behind.

I cannot agree with all of Mr. Call’s synonomy. I have all of

Lea’s types of this and related groups before me. U. marginus Lea,

and U. cromwelli Lea, are probably the same, and are, no doubt,

members of the Parvus group, but are widely different from U. par-

vus, in which he places the former, as they are shorter, less inflated,

2 Am. Jl. Science and Arts, VI, 1823, p. 174, pl. XIII, fig. 18.

THE NAUTILUS. 59

and have a copper-tinted nacre. U. paulus Lea and N. corvinus

Lea are very likely the same species, but I should not place them in

the synonomy of U. parvus as Mr. Call does.

U. visicularis Lea, of which I have before me the two original

Specimens on which the species was founded, is certainly not U.

parvus. Both these specimens are dead shells, very badly eroded

and in poor condition, but they are nearer to U. amygdalwm than

any of the Parvus group, and probably are merely a somewhat

heavy, light-brown variety of that species. Unio singleyanus is a

smooth, shining, yellowish or waxy-brown shell, sometimes tinted

and rayed with green, and very different from U. parvus. And U.

minor seems to me to be more nearly related to U. vesicularis than

to U. parvus, under which Mr. Cail places it.

Unio haleianus Lea is not noticed in this revision of the Par-

vus group, although it should undoubtedly be placed with that

assemblage. It is the largest of the species, one of Lea’s specimens

before me being 2 inches long by 13 high, and is nearest to U. texas-

ensis, but is a less heavy species.

NOTES AND NEWS.

Mexican LAanp SHEtrs.—Professor T. D. A. Cockerell has sent

to me a few land shells collected at San Rafael, Jicaltepec, Vera

Cruz, by Professor C. H. T. Townsend. The species are:

Helicina flavida Mke. Wonderfully variable in color. Some are

uniform yellow with red apex; others uniform reddish; others

whitish with the spire red, or whitish below, red above, while some

specimens are girt with a reddish band above the periphery, on a

whitish ground. The size also varies considerably.

Glandina? A species of the decussatus group, not adult.

Volutaxis similaris Strebel. Somewhat larger than the type, alt.

7 mm.

Praticolella griseola Pfr.

Praticolella ampla Pfr. This Helix looks a good deal like simi-

laris Fér.

Bulimulus sulphureus Pfr. Besides the ordinary unicolored form,

there is one example with five reddish bands, the umbilical and basal

continuous, those above interrupted into squarish spots at irregular

intervals. This color-form has not before been noticed.—H. A. P.

60 THE NAUTILUS.

MARYLAND SHELLS.—In the Nauriius, Vol. X, p. 23, you men-

tion some shells not before recorded from Maryland, inter alia, H.

intertexta Binn. I find, however, this is recorded from that State by

Binney in his Terr. Moll. U.S., I, p. 207—G. K. Gude.

Messrs SimpsoN AND WALKER have been making a vacation

journey in North Carolina and Georgia. They report the rivers too

high for successful clamming.

Me. E. G. Vanatta is spending the summer at Chestertown, Md.

NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

Mr. G. K. Gupe describes a new Corasia from Luzon, C. laure,

in Science Gossip for August. It is a pale-blue shell, another of the

beautiful H.regine group. The following Philippine and Marianne

Island Helices are figured: Ganesella catocyrta, G. apex with var.

apiculata, Endodonta quadrasi, Charopa fusca and Trochomorpha

boettgeri Mildff. & Quadras; also Pyramidula omalisma “ Bgt.”

Fagot, from near Barcelona, Spain. These species have not hitherto

been figured.

I. A Revision AND SyNONYMY OF THE PARvus GROUP OF

Untonrp®. II. Seconp ContrrisuTion 1o A KNOWLEDGE OF

Inprana Motuusca. IIL. Inprana Univ. Brow. Sra. Report on

Mo.uusca (From Proc. Indiana Acad. Science for 1895). By R.

Ellsworth Call. In the Unio parvus group, Professor Call recog-

nizes four species: U. parvus, U. texasensis, U. glans, U. amygdalum.

Alleged synonyms of U. parvus are: U. paulus, minor, marginis,

corvinus, vesicularis of Lea and U. singleyanus Marsh. From this

extraordinary synonymy it will be seen that our author belongs to

the extreme “lumper” class. Some other points in the paper are

equally ill-taken, but it is not worth while to criticise in detail where

nearly everything is wrong. Six plates of characteristic, though

rather crude figures, illustrate the forms.

The second and third papers continue Prof. Call’s very praise-

worthy efforts to record the distribution and variations of Indiana

Mollusks, and do not admit of abstract here; but those interested in

the detailed mapping of the areas of our species will be grateful for

Call’s good work in this field, as well as for the similar service he

did in cataloguing Kansas shells.

sere: NSMTiLus.

VoL. X. OCTOBER, 1896. No. 6

SOME NOTES ON THE COLLECTION OF SHELLS IN THE MUSEUMS OF

PARIS, BERLIN AND AMSTERDAM.

BY C. W. JOHNSON.

The collection of shells in the Museum of Zoology, Jardin des

Plantes, Paris, is one often referred to as being the only collection

in which you ean see the recent and fossil species side by side. One,

therefore, naturally imagines what such a collection should be, and,

as usual under such circumstances, one is somewhat disappointed.

The collection is distributed as follows: Around the entire outer

portion or railing of the first gallery, in a case about two feet in

width, are arranged the Pelecypoda, while on the second gallery

around the entire wall, in a wide, slanting case or shelf (with corals

above and a series of eight drawers beneath) are arranged the Gas-

tropoda. This necessarily scatters the collection to a great extent,

and makes it very inconvenient. A collection of the recent and

fossil species arranged together is very interesting and instructive,

but it should be a special collection of such forms as can be readily

traced back through geological time, and which anyone would con-

sider to be the prototypes of the recent species; in other words, the

primary object of such a collection should be to show the evolution

of species and genera. The study of recent and fossil] mollusca is

now divided into well-defined specialties; no one person can cover

with success more than a few closely related groups, faunze or

formations; so it seems to us that a large collection should be ar-

ranged accordingly. The paleontologist must be a geologist, also ;

62 THE NAUTILUS.

he cannot ignore stratigraphy; therefore, the collection most con-

venient to him is one arranged geologically ; again, he is making

a special study of the tertiary mollusca, and has, for instance,

a collection of Paris Basin fossils, he would not want to travel

two or three hundred linear feet, on two or three different gal-

leries to determine his material. Neither would the collector of

recent shells want to delve among the overwhelming mass of fossils

to name his collection. I think that we can therefore lay aside this

plan (which is advocated by many) as being entirely inconsistent

with our present system of investigation. The specimens in the

Museum are mounted on tablets, the recent on white and the fossil

on yellow, the label being pasted on the lower edge of the tablet.

The collection of mollusca in the Museum of Natural History of

Berlin, presents many features of interest. It occupies one-half of

a large room, that is divided into small alcoves by tall, upright

cases. All of the aleoves open into a passage-way along the side of

the room, leaving three sides for the display of specimens. Each

aleove is about 20 x 30 feet, and in the center of each is a long hori-

zontal case, with drawers beneath, containing an exhibit of the land

and fresh water shells of Germany, and the mollusca of the North

and Mediterranean Seas. The latter are arranged longitudinally in

a series, the one above the other. The conditions of the two seas

being so different, the two collections form a very interesting com-

parison. The general collection is arranged in the upright cases in

cardboard trays, above which the printed label is held by a small

card holder. In the upper part of the cases are a series of enlarged

drawings of the animals, radulz, jaws, darts, etc. On top of the cases

is a light iron framework, on which are hung excellent charts of the

‘Weichthiere,’ showing the anatomical features of the leading groups.

Throughout the entire museum great emphasis is placed on geo-

graphical distribution. At the entrance to the rooms is a large chart

of the world, each faunal region having a different color. Under

. each chart is a series of the labels used in the museum, the labels

having a wide colored border to indicate the different faunze. Small

charts are also placed among the specimens, the areas inhabited by

certain species being colored.

In the Zoological Garden at Amsterdam, are two museums of

natural history. The one devoted to the fauna of the Netherlands

contains a very good collection of the shells of Holland. The other

occupies the second floor of a long building, extending each side

THE NAUTILUS. 63

from a central hall. Around the walls of these two rooms are ar-

ranged the birds and mammals, while in the center in two longi-

tudinal rows of table cases is a splendid collection of shells, a collec-

tion that any museum should be proud of. One can get an idea of

the space occupied by the following figures: Each case was about

23 x 4 feet, and of these there were 144. In hastily going over this

collection, certain families and genera were represented by magnifi-

cent specimens, and seemed almost complete, the most noticeable

being the Pectinid, Veneridex, Cardiide, Crassatellide, ete. Among

the Volutidz and Conide were many of the rarer species, while the

Cypraea were graced by the presence of C. princeps and C. qguttata.

Very interesting in showing color variation was the very large suite

of Nanina citrina. But my time was too limited to do justice to

these grand collections, and, at the time of my visit, the curators

were either on vacation or absent for the day. Our readers will

therefore please pardon the incompleteness of these brief descrip-

tions.

INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT UPON THE FORM AND COLOR OF

HELIX ALTERNATA.

BY C. C. ORMSBEE, MONTPELIER, VT.

The Helix alternata is one of the most abundant of the larger

forms of New England land shells, and, in its distribution, it extends

over nearly the whole of the United States. Yet, owing to its hab-

its, it is not as familiar as many of the more rare species. It is sel-

dom, if ever, seen crawling upon the ground, after the fashion of

other so-called snails, but nearly, or quite, always found snugly

hidden in some old log or stump, or piece of rotten wood, which, by

the way, forms its food.

It is extremely nocturnal in its habits, feeding during the night

and never stirring during the day time, unless disturbed, in which

case it will crawl to the nearest place of concealment and resume its

slumbers. It never ventures from its home except during the breed-

ing season, and hence, when one is found, others may generally

be found near by. In color the H. alternata is one of the most

beautiful shells, being striped by alternate bands of light and dark

of different shades, from which fact the common name of “ tiger-

snail” has been given to it.

64 THE NAUTILUS.

Its favorite location is between the bark and wood of a decaying

log or stump, and it always selects a cool, shady and rather moist

spot. It prefers maple, elm or ash. I have never found it in con-

nection with any of the resinous varieties of wood.

Now, different kinds of wood in decaying, form products of vary-

ing shades of color. Thus decayed maple is almost black ; elm is

dark brown; ash is light brown; beech is still lighter, and birch has

a reddish tinge. It is no less true that the shells of the H. alternata

differ in shade and resemble that of the wood in which they are

found, and which forms a part of their food. Thus those found in

maple are almost black ; those in elm are dark brown; those in ash

are light brown; those in beech are still lighter, and those in birch

have a reddish tinge. I have shells in my collection extending

through almost every gradation of color, from black to ashy-white.

In some the black stripes predominate and almost obliterate the

white ones. In others the black stripes are almost wholly wanting,

and in a few they are replaced by reddish colored stripes, indicating

in every case the nature of the hiding-place of each individual.

Again, the bark of decaying trees clings much more tightly under

some conditions than under others, and this has a marked effect

upon the upper surface of the shell. I have one shell which is al-

most as convex as the H. albolabris. I recollect that it was found in

a cavity where its upper surface could never be touched. Another

was found in a narrow crevice, where it had barely room to squeeze

itself, and its upper surface is perfectly flat, and it might well be

taken for a subspecies. Between these extremes every variation of

angle may be found, all seeming to result from a greater or less de-

gree of pressure. Or, rather, having been governed by the height

of the crevice in which they developed.

Theoretically, the supposition may have one or two slight objec-

tions which it is not necessary to mention, but it is based upon

several hundred observations, and I believe it to be correct.

TWO NEW PISIDIA.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

Pisidium pauperculum np. sp.

Mussel of moderate size, rather Piligue, moderately to rather

strongly inflated; beaks slightly posterior, moderately large and

prominent, rounded ; scutum and scutellum slightly marked ; edges

THE NAUTILUS. 65

acute or acutish, not pinched; superior and inferior margins mod-

erately curved, posterior well rounded or slightly truncated, joining

the inferior without any marked angle; antero-superior margin

sloping, oblique, slightly curved, meeting the inferior at an angle

situated rather inferior, more distant in the adult than in younger

examples ; surface very finely striated, polished ; color pale or yel-

lowish to greenish-horn, sometimes whitish or straw in old speci-

mens ; shell thin, translucent; hinge moderately strong; cardinal

teeth of the right valve moderately curved, its posterior end thick-

ened, those of the left valve lamellar, almost equal, the superior

rather short, slightly oblique and little curved ; lateral teeth rather

strong ; ligament short, thin.

Long. 3:2, alt. 2°77 ; diam. 1°9 mill., in the average.

It has a wide geographical distribution, and is one of the most

common Pisidia, having been seen from Massachusetts : Winchester

(E. W. Roper); New York: Mohawk, Herkimer County, Erie

Canal (E. W. Roper, A. Bailey, Dr. Jas. Lewis); Hudson River

(R. E. C. Stearns) ; Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, in different waters

(M. Schick); New Jersey: White Pond, dredged (Pilsbry and

Rhoads); Michigan: Ann Arbor, High Island Harbor in Lake

Michigan ; East Saginaw, Pine Lake, dredged (Br. Walker) ; Grand

Rapids (L. H.Streng) ; Wisconsin: Fox River (Geo. T. Marston) ;

Minnesota: Clearwater and Mississippi Rivers, Heath Lake (H. E.

Sargent) ; fossil, at White Pond, N. J. (Pilsbry and Rhoads).

Our species is one of modest appearance, and yet somewhat

unique. Being so common, it has evidently been overlooked, or

taken for younger specimens of some others, owing to its want of

striking features ; hence the name given to it. Almost always the

mussel is more or less coated with a blackish or rusty substance in

a rather characteristic way, especially over the beaks and upper

part, even when found in company with other Pisidia not thus

coated, so that this is a feature of the species, usually independent of

the habitat. Yet sometimes all specimens in a place are found clean,

e. g., those (dredged) from White Pond, New Jersey. Dead shells

are of a rather characteristic plumbeous-gray color.

The species is variable, though being more constant in each place.

There are marked differences in size and shape, prominence of the

beaks and color. Especially notable is a form from Michigan, with

less curved superior and inferior margins, the posterior end more

abrupt, obliquely, so that the outline of the mussel resembles an ob-

66 THE NAUTILUS.

lique parallelogram; others, from Michigan and Minnesota, are

very high, the altitude equalling or even exceeding the length.

Some of these Jocal forms may prove to be true varieties.

This Pisidium has caused considerable trouble, correspondence

and controversy for a long time. Almost two years ago it was

recognized as a well-defined species, and given its present name.

Then Mr. E. W. Roper obtained a type specimen of Pis. ferrugi-

neum Prime, from the Museum of the Boston Society of Natural

History, which he kindly sent me for comparison, and we were both

satisfied at once that it was identical with the present species.

Several examples, of T. Prime's own hand, also named P. ferrugi-

neum, from “ New York,” in my collection, probably none of them

mature, are of the same species. After this, the present name was

suppressed, although it was evident that all these Pisidia were very

far from being congruent, as to size and shape, with the author’s de-

scription and figures of Pis. ferrugineum, in Mon. Pis. and Mon.

Corbiculadae. Among the thousands of specimens seen from New

England and New York, none could be referred to these descrip-

tions, and so necessarily the question arose: What, and where, is the

true P. ferrugineum of Prime’ Last winter, Mr. Roper received sey-

eral lots of Pisidia from Cambridge and Waltham, Mass., and from

Maine, and obliged me by forwarding them for examination.

Among them there was undoubtedly the long sought for Pis. ferru-

gineum, in every particular conforming with the author’s description

as well as the figures in Mon. Pis. (Pl. XII, figs. 8, 9,10). Nowwe

knew also that Pis. paupereulum was distinct and deserving a name

of its own. The mixing up of the two species by Prime, is ex-

plained by the fact that both of them are usually covered with a

dark or blackish “ ferruginous ” substance, in the same way, giving

them the same outward appearance, the more so as in some forms or

specimens of Pis. pauperculum the beaks are rather high and promi-

nent, though rounded, and not “tubercular,” without ridges (Conf.

the figures cited above). Under the impression that they were iden-

tical, the author could say that P. ferruginewm was one of our most

common species, while properly restricted, it seems to be rather rare.

Pisidium scutellatum n. sp.

Mussel of medium size, rather high, oblique, markedly protracted

downward in its anterior part, well rounded, rather strongly in-

1 The author himself could not be consulted, since he had given up, long

ago, the study of these mussels.

g0, uf

THE NAUTILUS. 67

flated ; beaks much posterior, rather large, prominent rounded ;

superior margin short, little curved, or almost straight, scutum and

scutellum well marked, forming projecting angles; the other mar-

gins well curved, or the posterior very slightly truncated, anterior

end well rounded, or with a slight indication of an angle; surface

polished, with irregular striae and some coarse lines of growth ; shell

thin, transparent, of a yellowish-horn to amber color, often grayish

or brownish-horn in old specimens, and whitish on the beaks; nacre

glassy, inner surface microscopically rugulose ; hinge fine, short,

cardinal teeth lamellar, the one in the right valve moderately

curved, its posterior end thicker; the inferior in the left valve

curved, the superior little so or almost straight; lateral teeth very

short, very abrupt, pointed, thin, little projecting into the cavity of

the mussel ; ligament small.

Long. 4:0, alt. 3:6, diam. 2°8 mill.

Long. 3°3, alt. 2°8, diam. 2°4 mill. or less (deep water form).

The center of its distribution is in the region of the Great

Lakes, where it seems to be common, especially northward, in the

great and small lakes and rivers. It has been dredged from deep

water in different places: Pine Lake, 5-11 meters; Lake Michigan,

off New York Point, 24 meters; also taken from the stomachs of

white fish of Lake Michigan. These deep water forms, almost all

dead shells, were first seen among materials sent by Mr. Bryant

Walker, in 1894. Later, fresh specimens in lots from different

places in Michigan were sent by Mr. Bryant Walker, L. H. Streng

and Geo. T. Marston; from different waters of the Mississippi drain-

age, in Minnesota, by Mr. H. E. Sargent. A few specimens, in two

identical lots, in Br. Walker’s and Roper’s collections, from Shen-

don, Montana, at an elevation of 9000 feet, have much resemblance

with our species, yet differ in some points, and it will take more

materials to ascertain whether they are identical or not.

This is one of our most characteristic Pisidia, distinguished, beside

its surface features, color and the configuration of the hinge, by its

oblique shape and the much larger anterior part. This character it

has in common with Pis. virginicum Gmel. and walkeri ; the former

of these is out of the question; the latter species is much more elon-

gated, its beaks are much smaller, the outline is more angular, and

the surface dull, from microscopic lamellae, but even.

Pis. scutellatum is somewhat variable: the largest specimens seen,

from Orchard Lake, Mich., are 4°5 mill. long. Those from deep

68 THE NAUTILUS.

water are the smallest and most inflated, and their beaks are com-

monly more prominent ; some of them have crowded striae of growth.

New Philadelphia, O., Sept., 1896.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

NOTES ON SOME SHELLS OF PUGET SOUND.

[Extract from the report of Mrs. M. Drake. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea

Conchological Chapter for 1895. ]

In January, I went out to Gig Harbor, but the tides were not

good and I got few shells. About seventy Pterorhytis foliatus were

found at Point Richmond, some of them quite large with rich brown

bands. We find this shell at quite low tide, clinging to the rocks.

in much the same way as Purpura crispata, and its operculum is

very much like that of the Purpura, only it is of a deeper brown

and stronger. <A horn is on each one of its three wing-like varices.

As it grows in strong currents, its shell is heavy and not easily

broken.

I also collected (dredged) some young Pecten hastatus which are

plain in color, and without the lovely spines of the adult. We

found them attached to kelp. The young are attached to kelp by

their byssus, while the larger ones are free swimming, and can move

quite rapidly through the water. We take most of them in several

feet of water, with a dip-net, at low tide.

We find four species of Saxidomus, they are Saxidomus nuttalh,

S. squalidus, S. aratus and S. brevisiphonaria. As the last name

indicates, that species has short siphons, and it is more rounded,

shorter and has a stronger shell. I found two species of Cardium

at Brown’s Point, one being in somewhat deeper water than the

other, with a rougher, heavier and plainer shell. The animal is also

different. By the way, how can conchologists be sure of the differ-

ences and resemblances of closely allied shells without studying the

living animals?! I am sure I could not have seen so much beauty

1 Here is where we amateurs may add to the general knowledge by studying

the animal in its habitat while it is yet alive—M. B. W.

THE NAUTILUS. 69

in shells had I not studied the animals in them and learned of their

friends and their enemies, their food and manner of reproduction.

I have also learned that when we find certain species we may expect

to find there certain other species, either because both like the same

conditions of life, or one may prey upon another.

Lepeta concentrica was one of my new finds in April. It was

dredged from 100 feet of water and was clinging to stones, to which

Waldheimia pulvinata and the eggs and young of Placunanomia

macroschisma were also attached. Placunanomia macroschisma

grows to a large size here, four inches across, and of a lovely green

tint inside. The animal is a bright orange in color, and is good

eating.

During March and April we collected several thousand of the

finest Purpura crispata I have ever seen—pure white, orange, brown,

striped and banded, smooth and foliated, huge and infantile, one can

hardly tell how variously beautiful they are. I have given two entire

drawers in my cabinet to them. I have one in color exactly like a

violet snail.

During May we found several live Acmea mitra, whose “ white

caps” had a most decided green color. They are larger than the

southern ones. I got five shells, which were new to me, from

Lemon’s Beach, on the Narrows—Eulima rutila, a shell of rare

beauty both in form and color, being pure white at the apex and

bright rosy pink at the base; Hulima falcata, pure white and larger

than E. rutila; Axinea intermedia, larger than described in west

coast shells; one Lucina, unknown at Washington, and some fine

Semele rubroradiata which live in the little sandy pit-holes of a hard

cement reef which is bare at low tide. Here, too, we found many

live Psammobia rubroradiata. Both kinds of these red-rayed clams,

especially the latter, told us where they lived by spouting up small

streams of water at intervals.

In company with a friend I went to Fort Defiance where we found

Acmea digitalis living in the crack of a granite rock. We found

Cryptochiton stelleri and an unknown Chiton, whose shell is salmon-

colored on the inside. Cryptochiton is very abundant here at

certain times, when they come ashore to breed. We have collected

several hundred of them at a place, and a month later not one was

to be seen. Our largest was thirteen inches long. Most of them

are brown, but some are almost white. We found them on rocks

and flat on the pebbly beach at extreme low tide. We found them

70 THE NAUTILUS.

quite hard to clean properly. The Indians are fond of the sole-

like strip which protects the insides, and are fond of the eggs which

‘are very numerous. ‘These animals look so much like the rocks on

which they cling, that few of the frequenters of the beach knew the

animal when we showed it to them.

NOTES AND NEWS.

Green-Hovuse SHetis.—This spring I found some Zonites glaber

Stud. in one of the green-houses of this city. It was identified for me

by Dr. W. H. Dall. Arion hortensis Fér. was found at the same

place and identified by Mr. H. A. Pilsbry. Zonites lucidus Drap is

found in all the green-houses of the city.

P. B. Ranpo.pu, Seattle, Washington.

Nore on Lepa carLata Hinps.—This species was described by

Hinds in the Geology of the Voyage of the Sulphur, p. 64, pl. 18,

fig. 13, 1844, and Proc. Zool. Soe. London for 1843, p. 99. But

Conrad had already described a fine species of Leda from the Clai-

borne sands under this specific name, in the Am. Jour. Sci., Vol.

XXIII, p. 343, Jan., 1833. This, in December of the same year,

was renamed brogniarti by Lea, Contr. to Geology, p. 82, pl. 3, fig.

61. Consequently the species of Hinds requires a new specific

name, As there is already a L. hindsii of Hanley, I propose to

substitute for coelata the specific name of taphria, while Leda brog-

niarti Lea must retain the prior name of Conrad.—W. H. Datu.

CALLISTA VARIANS HANLEY, IN EASTERN FLoripA.—Mr. J. J.

White, of Rockledge, Fla., reports the finding of numerous speci-

mens of this species in Lake Worth, on mud flats near the Inlet.

This seems to be the first finding of this West Indian species in

Florida.

NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

DIAGNOSES OF NEW MOLLUSKS FROM THE SuRVEY OF THE MExt-

cAN Bounpary, by W.H. Dall (Proc. U.S. N. Mus., xviii, pp. 1-6).

Patula strigosa var. concentrata, New Mexico; a small race, further

southward than any other reported.

Epiphragmophora arizonensis, near Tucson, Arizona.

Kpiphragmophora hatchitana, Hachita Grande Mt.

Epiphragmophora arnheimi, California.

THE NAUTILUS. Tk

Polygyra chiricahuana, Arizona.

Polygyra mearnsii, New Mexico.

Holospira crossei, pilsbryi, bilamellata, mearnsii, veracruziana, all

from New Mexico and Mexico.

Unio mitchelli Simpson, a Texan species collected by Hon. J. D.

Mitchell.

Cerion pineria, Isle of Pines (S. of Cuba).

List oF DuplLicarEs OF JAPANESE SHELLS COLLECTED BY

FREDERICK STEARNS (Detroit, 1896). A list for purposes of ex-

change, which may be obtained on application by those having

shells, echinoderns, corals, etc., to offer for Japanese shells.

Dracnoses OF New TERTIARY Fossils FROM HE SOUTHERN

Unitep Srares. By W. H. Dall (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII,

pp. 21-46, 1895). This paper deals mainly with new or misunder-

stood species of Bulloid Tectibranchs, of Terebra and of Conus. A

new section of Bullina, Abderospira, is proposed for a new Chipola

species; and Wakullina is a new subgenus of Cantraine’s genus

Carolia. A general discussion of the Terebridze of our tertiaries

precedes the descriptions of new forms. The preliminary remarks

under Conus have a vastly wider application than to the particular

genus under discussion, and cut at the root of a false method in

much paleontologic work of both hemispheres. We refer more

especially to this paragraph. ‘The italics are our own: “ The gene

eral rule that local faune are derived from pre-existing faune of the

same general region is a good guide, and a careful comparison of the

fossils with the recent types will often assist materially in determin-

ing the relations of fossil forms. The identifications which travel to

distant faune for representatives—as, for instance, the Indo-Pacific

fauna for Haitian fossils—are usually wrong, and all Gabb’s identi-

fications of this sort will be modified by further and more careful

study. Analogous characteristics are often purely dynamic in forms of

different lineage, subjected to similar conditions, in widely separated

localities. Where modern faune differ in the races of any genus

which they contain, the antecedent fossils in the same regions are

not likely to be much more nearly related.” We have, for some

years, been endeavoring to persuade our German friends of the

truth of this general doctrine as applied to their tertiary land snails;

but without much success thus far ; so that it is peculiarly refreshing

to find an acknowledged master stating the result of his broad experi-

ence in other groups, in diction so unequivocal as the above extract.

72 THE NAUTILUS.

OBITUARY—B. SCHMACKER.!

A letter just received from Shanghai, China, announces the death

of B. Scumacker, Esq, of that city, in Yokohama.

Mr. Schmacker was a most enthusiastic conchologist. It was his

aim and purpose to close up all his business affairs next winter and

devote the balance of his life to his shells. During his long resi-

dence in the far East he had collected extensively in China, Japan,

and the islands of the coast, and had, at the time of his death, prob-

ably the finest private collection of oriental land and fresh-water

shells in the world.

From time to time, as his business engagements permitted, he

published papers upon various conchological topics. I can now

only recall certain pamphlets upon Formosa shells, Chinese Clau-

siliae, Chinese Helices, and, I believe, a paper upon the Molluscan

fauna of the island Hainan.

Much of his literary work was done in connection with Boettger

and von Mollendorff. He told me a year ago that it was his purpose

to write a comprehensive work upon Chinese land and fresh-water

shells, and that it was to that end that he had made such extensive

collections in China and the neighboring islands. I doubt if any-

one could have been better qualified for this undertaking.

Personally, Mr. Schmacker was a most charming man. He was

kindness itself, and his greatest happiness seemed to be to give others

pleasure. He had a keen sense of humor, and was a most agreeable

conversationalist. Unfortunately, he was somewhat deaf; but I be-

lieve it was only the disagreeable things he could not hear.

He was manager of the great German trading firm of Carlowitz

& Co., of Shanghai, and was a man of some wealth.

His death will be mourned by a host of friends in Asia and Eu-

rope, and his loss will be felt by the brotherhood of conchologists

all over the world.

JoHN B. HENDERSON, JR.

Bar Harbor, Me., Sept. 17, 1896.

1 We take the liberty of publishing the above letter from Mr. John B. Hen-

derson, Jr., bringing us the sad news of the death of one of the most capable

of Oriental conchologists. During a short visit to Philadelphia some years

ago, Mr. Schmacker became known to us; but it is not alone as an excellent

conchologist, but as a man of rare and attractive personal qualities that we

have valued his friendship and regret his untimely death.

iae..N Ba 10S.

Von. X. NOVEMBER, 1896. No. 7

CASCO BAY.

BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY.

The two most famous collecting grounds on the coast of Maine

are Eastport and Casco Bay. The writer having spent several sum-

mers at Eastport, devoted his energies this year to Casco Bay. From

the city of Portland to Cape Small the distance is perhaps thirteen

miles. From the mainland to the outer islands is some six miles.

This area is said to contain 365 islands. A fortunate location was

secured on one of the outer islands, in a central position as regards

the longer axis of the Bay. The naturalists of the expedition were

the writer and his two enthusiastic and constant companions Frank

H. and Robert L. Winkley aged 10 and 73 respectively. The shores

are for the most part rocky, affording occasional tide pools rich in

animal life. The bottom is of every variety, giving opportunity for

any taste the mollusca may display. Land shells abound on the

outer islands. Singularly they find a favorite home here while on

the main land they are exceedingly scarce. We visited, for land

shells, Eagle, Brown Cow, Jewells, inner and outer Green and Cliff

Islands; on all but outer Green we obtained good results. The most

curious of this group is the famous Brown Cow. In the midst of

rough ledges,—an out post fronting the open sea,—this mere spot, rises

with perpendicular cliffs to a height of at least fifteen feet. The ap-

proach must be made in calm weather, and at low tide. We hada

half hour’s visit and such a harvest! The top of the island is one half

covered with grass, the other half is a clump of bushes. Helix hor-

74 THE NAUTILUS.

tensis covered the leaves and branches of these bushes, the varieties

being the yellow and five banded. On the ground Pyramidula

alternata, Polygyra albolabris and Succinea obliqua were abundant.

We obtained the famous wine colored variety of P. albolabris, and

among the specimens discovered a set banded with fine lines, like

P. multilineata. Time was precious and we collected expedi-

iously as the tide was coming in. We escaped from the island with

a slight ducking from the surf, but happy are the results. On Green

island a few specimens of H. hortensis were found, among them

two full grown forms, which had for some reason started to grow

again; extending from the finished lip was a continuation of the outer

whorl, but of a dirty cream color and rough with ridges. On one

of the islands Frank discovered the home of the albino P. alternata,

a valuable prize. Shore collecting gave us a beautiful series of the

various varieties of Purpura lapillus, and some of the specimens were

the largest we haveseen. Wealso found Buccinum, Skenea planorbis,

Turtonia minuta, Rissoa aculeus, Lacuna vinecta, and the common

shore varieties. Considerable time was given to dredging in depths

from seven to twenty-five fathoms. One summer is far too short to

exhaust this region, but many localities were dredged with good

results. A dozen to fifteen new forms were added to the cabinet,

and at least fifty duplicate sets, to represent the Bay, found places in

the collection. Five species of chitons were found, including Amzeula

Emersonii; a few fine specimens of Pecten magellanicus were dredged,

among them one that had received an injury and in repairing had

turned the edges of both valves upward so that they grew at right

angles to the natural plane. The interesting genus Bela revealed a

half dozen or more species, harpularia being the most abundant.

Brachiopods were found occasionally, and sponges, shrimp, echino-

derms and other invertebrates were abundant, but with much regret

at not having the means to care for them they were returned to the

sea. A list of results would contain all of the common forms. The

more rare species included the genera Thracia, Astarte, Nucula,

Modiolaria, Crenella, Cylichna, Margarita, Odostomia, Lunatia,

Velutina, Astyris and others.

Since the above article was written I have read with much interest

the article on “ Helix alternata” by Mr. Ormsby. I do not wish to

take anything from his statements, but to add one or two concerning

that species. The islands of Casco Bay are good to stand a man on

his head, figuratively if not literally, for he meets with circumstances

THE NAUTILUS. 75

which upset his former ideas. Land shells are very scarce in the

state of Maine, at least in the parts I have visited. Asa rule two

or three specimens of the larger species, would be all one would find

after a caretul search, not so, however, on the small islands. Pyra-

midula alternata occurs in great profusion. Polygyra albolabris and

Helix hortensis are also abundant. P. alternata occurs on one island,

some distance from any trees, just above high water mark, its only

shelter being rocks and small raspberry bushes. In this location

some two hundred, including the albino, were found. On another

island it occurs in the woods but crawling on the ground, so numer-

ous is it, that one can hardly step without crushing theshells. Fur-

thermore it was found feeding on animal matter, dead crabs and

shells left by the crows were covered with hungry individuals.

THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF SPHYRADIUM (‘‘ PUPA”’)

EDENTULUM Drap.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

For some time, it has been my opinion that this species (— Vertigo

simplex Gld.) has ngt its proper place under Pupa. The shell,

though Pupa-like in its general aspect, shows two marked differences

from all groups of that genus as well as all Pupide. In the first

place, its aperture is radial, whilein the Pupidee it is lateral, or tan-

gential, from the columellar wall being prolonged to the periphery

of the penultimate whorl, or even beyond it. In the second place,

the peristome in Pupide is more or less everted, generally with a

more or less distinct lip, or at least the margin is “ finished up,” in

mature specimens, while in edentulum the peristome is straight and

simple, and the margin always thin and sharp, as it is in Patula,

etc., and in the Zonitide.

This view is now confirmed by the examination of the radula.

The teeth are small, comparatively, and the cusps of all are very

short and small. There are r+21 (20) in a transverse row, and

116-127 such rows were counted. The centrals are tricuspid, the

laterals all bicuspid, except the last which is a minute nodule; in

the others there is no difference of laterals and marginals but that

the plates of attachment become shorter towards the margins, and

76 THE NAUTILUS.

evanescent in the outer teeth. The radula is 0°55 mill. long, 0°14

wide, and so one tooth measures about 0:0045>0-0035 mill.

This is so radical a difference from the Pupidz that our species can

no longer be placed under that family. It comes nearest Punctum

pygmeum Drap.,' the radula being of the same type, and also the

jaw is of the same formation, being quite low and composed of dis-

tinct plates.

As to the generic name, Sphyradium Charp. 1837(—Columella

West., Edentulina Cless., both 1876, teste Westerlund) must be

used.

An interesting analogue is “ Pupa” neozelanica Pfr., with much

the same form of shell, which Mr. H. Suter, a few years ago, has

shown to be no Pupa, but a Charopa.

It may be added that the American form is absolutely identical

with the palearctic, even showing the same wide range of variation.

There is no need, then, to name it Sph. “edentulum simplex.” Just

so, to mention it by the way, Punctum pygmeum Drap. is identical

on both continents, and so it is equally useless to name it P. pygmaum

minutissimum.

LIST, WITH NOTES, OF LAND AND FRESH WATER SHELLS COLLECTED

BY DR. WM. H. RUSH IN URUGUAY AND ARGENTINA.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY AND WILLIAM H. RUSH.

In presenting this list of land and fresh water shells from Uru-

guay and Argentina, perhaps it will be well to state precisely the

localities at which collections were made, especially so from the

Uruguay River, which region seems to have been omitted from the

report of D’Orbigny. The U. 8. S. Yantie, to which the writer

was attached, arrived at Montevideo, Uruguay, in January, 1892.

The public park, El Prado, of the city proved to be the richest re-

gion near by; the suburbs of the town were rich in Helix lactea, as,

indeed, were many places in Uruguay and Argentina; several large

tracts are preserved for the cultivation of them for the supply of the

Italian markets. The Cerro, which is quite a prominent hill ona

‘In the radula of one specimen of P. pygmxum r+-17 teeth were counted in

a transverse row, r+16 in another, and 80 (78) rows were found. The laterals,

except the last one or few, were bicuspid. (Conf. E. S. Morse, Pulmonifera

of Maine, p. 27, pl. 8, fig. 71.),

THE NAUTILUS. (rg

small peninsula opposite the main city, and from which Montevideo,

“The mount, I see,” derives its name, contained nothing special,

but the plain back of it yielded several land species, and the small

runs and creeks many fresh water forms, in some of which, when

dry, the whole bottom was found to be covered with dead Planorbis.

Maldonado Bay is about 20 miles nearer the sea, in Uruguay, and

was the only place in which the dredge was used with good results

as showing the extreme southern limit of several West Indian spe-

cies. Gorriti Island, in that bay, was a treasure for H. lactea, and

was abundantly supplied with Strophochilus lutescens Wing and

Bulimulus gorritiensis Pils. Near the small town of Maldonado,

was found Amphidoxa costellata D’Orb. in a small grove of native

trees, about the only one met with. Most of the trees of any size in

the immediate neighborhood of Montevideo and Buenos Ayres, are

the introduced eucalyptus. Upon the visit to Buenos Ayres, Ensena-

da, etc., the only thing noticeable was the extreme abundance of

Ampullaria canaliculata Lam. and its varieties, in all stages of

growth from the egg upward. The Rio Parana, upon which the

ship went as far as Rosario in Santa Fé province, did not yield

much, principally for the reason that the ship was there during a

revolution, when excursions always have an element of danger, as all

the hoodlums of the town are turned loose with Winfield rifles. It

was only when theship went up the Uruguay River as far as Paysan-

du that things began to be interesting, but the time was tvo limited,

This region proved to be extremely. rich in undescribed Potamo-

lithus. The collecting was easy, as all that was required was to

pick up any stone at extreme low water and scrape the specimens

off with the right fore-finger into the collecting basket. The first

visit to the water’s edge at Paysandu, resulted in finding P. Rushii

Pils., which was found to be unfigured in D’Orbigny, and so few in

number that one or two trips more were taken especially to find

them, but only with limited results, so it can be considered scarce.

Nearly all the other forms were abundant. The means of living

there are so easy that it was found a hard matter even to hire the

amphibian small boy to collect Unionide. <A trip, by a well-organ-

ized party, up the river to its source, would yield valuable results.

Only three specimens of Vaginulus were found, and these among the

ruins of an old hide building in Maldonado. The plain back of

Buenos Ayres did not yield such an abundant supply as one would

expect from D’Orbigny’s remarks, but possibly that was owing to

the extreme dryness of the season while we were there,

78 THE NAUTILUS.

HELIcID».

Helix aspersa Mill. British cemetery at Buenos Ayres, Argen-

tine Republic.

Helix lactea Mill. Gorriti Island, Maldonado Bay. Cultivated

for food. This species was already abundant in Uruguay when

d’Orbigny was there in 1826, and the date of its introduction could

not then be ascertained.

Strophocheilus oblongus Brug. var. Fray Bentos. The apex is

blunter than in typical oblongus, more as in S. capillaceus Pfr.

Strophocheilus lutescens King. Gorriti Island, Maldonado Bay.

Originally described from Maldonado. The eggs vary in size,

especially in length, measuring from 6:5 x 9:2 to 6°2 x 7°6 mm.

BULIMULID&.

Bulimulus gorritiensis Pils., n. sp.’ Gorriti Island, Maldonado

Bay, under stones.

Bulimulus Rushii Pils., n. sp. Montevideo, plain back of Cerro,

on thistles.

PUPID2.

Odontostomus dentatus Wood. Montevideo, Uruguay, on thistles

and close to ground, on plain back of the Cerro.

ENDODONTID&.

Amphidoxa (Stephanoda) costellata d’Orb. A small grove of

native trees near Maldonado, Uruguay. Abundant.

SUCCINEID.

Omalonyx unguis V@Orb. Locality not noted.

Omalonyx convexra Mart. Creek in Prado, Montevideo.

VAGINULID.

Vaginulus solea d’Orb. Near Maldonado, Uruguay.

PHYSIDH.

Physa Sowerbyana @’Orb. Creek in Prado, Montevideo.

CHILINID.

Chilina fluminea Maton. San Gabriel’s Island, in the Rio de la

Plata, opposite Colonia, Uruguay.

Chilina Rushii Pilsbry, n. sp. Uruguay River, at Fray Bentos,

Uruguay. Distinguished by its angular shoulder.

‘See Man. Conch. (2), XI for description and figure of this and the next

species. The other new forms will be described in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phila. and the next number of NAUTILUS, space being lacking in this number.

THE NAUTILUS. 79

LIMN2&ID.

Limnea viator VOrb. Montevideo: creek in the Prado.

Planorbis heloicus d’Orb. Montevideo, back of Cerro. The

typical and a large less shining form, diam. 10 mm.

Planorbis peregrinus d’Orb. Montevideo, back of Cerro.

Planorbis paropseides d’Orb. (?). Creek in Prado, Montevideo.

Agrees well with d’Orbigny’s description and figures, but on ac-

count of the locality may be a different species.

Planorbis castaneonitens Pils. & Van., n. sp. Near Maldonado.

ANCYLIDE.

Ancylus obliquus Brod. & Sowb. San Gabriel’s Island, on stones

in Rio de la Plata.

The specimens vary considerable in degree of curvature of the

apex, but are apparently all referable to this species, which was

originally described from Chili.

AMPULLARIID.

Ampullaria neritoides d’Orb. La Plata River, San Gabriel’s

Island, Uruguay; Uruguay River at Paysandu. Specimens with

the interior pure white as well as the usual purple form.

Ampullaria canaliculata Lam. Rio de la Plata at Buenos Ayres,

Palenno and Ensenada; Parana near Rosario and at Paraiso. The

specimens vary from true canaliculata to the varieties insu/arum and

australis.

Ampullaria sp. A small form, not determined, occurred in the

creek in the Prado, Montevideo.

Ampullaria Roissyi d’Orb. Parana River near Rosario, Santa

Fé province, Argentina.

Ampullaria Spizii d’Orb. Parana River near Dos Hermanos

(“ Two brothers”) Island.

AMNICOLID2.

Littoridina australis d’Orb. Creek in the Prado, and in a small

spring back of the Cerro, Montevideo. We follow the usual identi-

fication in this case, although not at all sure of its correctness. The

larger specimens measure as much as 83 mm.- alt.

Littoridina charruana d’Orb. (?). San Gabriel’s Island.

Littoridina Isabellei d’Orb. (?). San Gabriel’s Island, with the

preceding.

80 THE NAUTILUS.

Potamolithus Rushii Pilsbry,n. sp. Uruguay River at Paysandu,

Uruguay.

Potamolithus Iheringi Pilsbry, n. sp. Uruguay River at Pay-

sandu, Uruguay.

Potamolithus microthauma Pilsbry, n. sp. Uruguay River at

Paysandu, Uruguay.

Potamolithus Hidalgoi Pilsbry, n. sp. Uruguay River at Pay-

sandu, Uruguay.

Potomolithus dinochilus Pilsbry, n. sp. Uruguay River at Pay-

sandu, Uruguay.

Potamolithus Buschii ‘ Dkr, Ffld. Uruguay River at Paysandu,

Uruguay ; Rio de la Plata at San Gabriel’s Island.

Potamolithus tricostatus Brot. Uruguay River at Paysandu,

Uruguay.

Potamolithus conicus Brot. Uruguay River at Paysandu, Uru-

guay.

Potamolithus Orbignyi Pilsbry, n. sp. Uruguay River at Pay-

sandu, Uruguay.

Potamolithus lapidum @Orb. Fray Bentos.

Potamolithus lapidum v. supersuleatus Pilsbry. Rio de la Plata

at San Gabriel’s Island.

Potamolithus Sykesii Pilsbry, n.sp. Uruguay River at Paysandu,

Uruguay.

Potamolithus bisinuatus Pilsbry, n. sp. Uruguay River at Pay-

sandu, Uruguay.

Potamolithus bisinwatus v. obsoletus Pils.

Potamolithus gracilis Pilsbry,n.sp. Uruguay River at Paysandu,

Uruguay.

Potamolithus gracilis v. viridis Pils. Uruguay River at Fray

Bentos.

CYRENIDZ,

Corbicula limosa Maton. San Gabriel’s Island.

Corbicula coloniensis Pilsbry, n. sp. Rio de la Plata above Colo-

nia, Uruguay. A larger, more trigonal form than the preceding

species.

Spherium sp. undet. Creek in the Prado, Montevideo.

Pisidium sp. undet. «“ «“ «“ fe

Pisidium sp. undet. “ «“ “ e

UNIONID&.

Unio parallelopipedon Lea. Rio de la Plata at Colonia, Uru.

guay.

THE NAUTILUS. 81

Unio charruana Orb. Lake Potrero, near Maldonado, Uru-

guay.

Unio variabilis Maton. Uruguay River at Fray Bentos.

Unio pereformis Lea. Rio de la Plata at Colonia. The rug on

the posterior slope mentioned by Lea as perhaps inconstant, are

present in the specimens collected.

MUuTELID-.

Monocondylea Pazii Lea. Colonia, Uruguay.

Monocondylea lentiformis Lea. Colonia, Uruguay.

Glabaris siriones @’Orb. Rio San Carlos, Uruguay.

Glabaris latomarginatus Lea var. felix Pils. Colonia, Uruguay.

Glabaris rubicunda Lea. La Plata River at Colonia, Uruguay ;

Uruguay River, Paysandu.

Glabaris lucidus d’Orb. La Plata River at Colonia, Uruguay.

Glabaris trapesialis var. cygneiformis Pils. Pond and a small

ereek near Maldonado.

Gilabaris trapesialis var. exoticus Lam.

Anodonta exotica Lam. An.s. Vert., vi, 1819, p. 87; Delessert,

Ree. de Coq., pl. 13, f. 1 (figure of type).

Anodon scriptus “ Fer.” Sowb., Conch. Icon., pl. 4, f. 9 (1867).

It is narrower than G. trapesialis, long, the anterior end very nar-

row, angled at end of hinge-line; posterior muscle-scar quite near

the sinus at edge of hinge ligament, connected therewith by a short

impression.

Rio San Carlos, Uruguay. Rather small specimens, but agreeing

with the figure of type in Delessert’s Recueil.

Glabaris Forbesianus Lea. Rio de la Plata, Colonia, Uruguay.

Lea’s figure was from a deformed shell, and the specimens would

hardly have been recognized as Forbesianus had it not been for the

kindness of Mr. Simpson, who compared with the types.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Condueted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

Members of our Chapter will please bear in mind the fact that

the annual reports are due in December. We anticipate some fine

papers this year as our members have been enthusiastic in their

study of shells.

82 THE NAUTILUS.

Yearly dues are payable in December, and promptness in this re-

spect will be appreciated by the officers of the Chapter.

The annual election of officers occurs on the last Wednesday in

December. Officers to be elected are the President and General

Secretary. Write the names of your choice for these two officers,

and send them to the General Secretary. The present incumbent

for the last named office declines re-election, and would suggest that

the office be filled by a member east of the Rocky Mountains.

EXTRACT FROM A NOTE BOOK.

[Extract from the report of Mrs. M. F. Bradshaw. From the Transactions of the

Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter for 1895.]

A pleasant ride through beds of wild flowers, sweeping miles of

barley, or golden avenues of mustard, brought us to the seashore at

Newport, Orange County, California. Here begins a peninsula of

several miles in length, and in width but a narrow strip of sand,

formed by the bay, into which empties the Santa Ana River. Our

destination was down this strip some three miles from the little

town.

The road was on the bay side, and low sand dunes, covered with

wild flowers we had never seen before, lay on one side, on the other

the muddy shores of the bay, literally covered with Cerithidea cali-

fornica.

In the afternoon we drove down the hard beach on the ocean side

of this narrow peninsula for a mile or more, then crossed over the

low dunes to a little “lake” made by the receding tide leaving the

sand, or rather mud, dry all around this little depression. Here

was our hunting ground. We proceeded to dig in the mud for live

shells and, to my surprise, brought out not only clams and scallops

but Naticas and Muricide. And here I found my first Nassa tegu-

la. While Cerethidea laid high and dry and apparently dead,

acres and miles of them, the Nassas kept under the edge of the

water, walked about quite lively, and when disturbed went quickly

down into the soft mud and out of sight.

Chorus belcheri had been taken out of that pond in numbers, but

M.S. had exhausted the supply before we came, There were a

THE NAUTILUS. 83

dozen or more Pteronotus festivus, about three inches long, and they

were in the bottom of the pond, under two or three feet of water.

Monoceros engonatum and Conus californicus were raked out of

the mud near the edge, though not in great numbers.

I had always thought Muricide were rock shells, and I won-

der what they were doing here in this vile mud. Conus I have

found in pools among the rocks, but only one in a place and never

but four.

Which is their home, the muddy bottom of a bay, or the clear

pure pools among the rocks? I confess to being disappointed in

the creatures [ found living in such a degraded way. Yet they

had beauty of color and of form; perhaps are more pleasing than

the same number of the prettiest shells I could select from those I

got among the rocks.

Crepidula rugosa was there in great numbers, built into towers

and knots upon some old valve of a Pecten, or even upon an old

shell of their own kind. They are not a very dignified mollusk,

but I had never found any alive before, so was glad to find them

and learn their mode of co-operative house-keeping, of which I was

in ignorance. Doubtless every shell friend I have knew this habit

of the Crepidula, knew it so well as never to think of mentioning

it, though freely giving me the shells.

* * * A friend has awakened my interest in “ strays,” so I will

mention two which came under my observation on this trip. One

was a Fusus, three or more inches long, which Mr. S. picked up on

the ocean beach near the wharf. It was yellow but had been white,

I think.

The other was a large Arca, which a lady who lives where we

were stopping picked up on the bay shore. It was dead, but the

two valves lay close together ; was quite perfect but the epidermis

was all worn away. It measured 82 inches in circumference one

way, and nine inches the other way, and the straight hinge line was

2 inches. I have nothing like it, so do not know its name. This

lady had lived there for years but had never found any other like

it. She was quite ignorant of habitat, so had no idea she had found

anything of peculiar interest.

At Arch Beach I have found two or three small Arca valves

among the drift, and this past summer found one valve about an

inch long, which is similar to an Arca fasciata from Australia.

84 THE NAUTILUS.

Pecten hastatus is now occasionally found at Newport, on the

ocean beach. All I have seen are far more brilliant in color than

those from Puget Sound. They are the richest shades of rose pink

and crimson, both valves alike or nearly so.

SOME LAND SHELLS OF MICHIGAN.

[Extract from the Report of Mr. H. Smith. From the Transactions of the Isaac

ea Conchological Chapter for 1895.]

I live on the bank of the St. Joseph River, about 25 miles from

Lake Michigan. I find here Helix thyroides Say, Helix elevata Say,

HI. multlineata Say, H. leai Ward, H. hirsuta Say, Patula solitaria

Say, P. alternata Say, Pupa armifera Say, Planorbis trivolvis Say,

P. bicarinatus Say, P.exacutus Say, Succinea ovalis Gould, Selenites

concavus Say, Campeloma integra Say, Hyalina electrina Gould,

Pomatiopsis cineinnatiensis Lea. I am indebted to Prof. Pilsbry for

aid and encouragement. He identified a good many of my shells

for me, and advised me where to get literature on the subject.

Prof. Keep also helped me and sent me some specimens.

I found what might be called a “colony ” of Patula alternata on

a big stone pile, they seemed very plentiful at that place, and I did

not see them anywhere else. The stone pile is gone now, and I

shall have to look elsewhere for the pretty shells. The Helix ele-

vata I found in a colony on the steep river bank, under the bushes

among the leaves.

ODOR OF SNAILS.

It may not be known to every conchologist, that some of the

Helices have odors peculiar to them.

We find here, Mesodon ptychophorus, Patula strigosa, P. solitaria,

Triodopsis mullanii var. olneye in the same locality. The Patula

solitaria has so strong an odor, like Mephitis mephitica, that I sup-

posed at first they fed on Ietodes (Symplocarpus) fetidus. Always

the same odor and at all seasons—Mary P. OLNEY.

meen. N Meri us.

VoL. X. DECEMBER, 1896. No. 8

PURPURA LAPILLUS, VAR. IMBRICATA.

BY R. E. C. STEARNS.

Nearly sixty years ago I detected in the interstices between the

granite blocks that formed the seawall on the outerside of Harrison

Avenue in Boston, where said highway touches the waters of the

South Cove in the immediate vicinity of the South Boston bridge

(as it then existed), numerous specimens of Purpura lapillus; the

entire surface of all the specimens was evenly and beautifully im-

bricated, and the specimens were of a dingy white color.

Here was a colony quite distinct in sculpture from the usual ex-

amples, as seen at numerous places along the coast in the neighbor-

hood of Boston. I compared them at the time with the series of

this species, as exhibited in the table cases of the Boston Society of

Natural History; at that date the museum of said society contained

no examples with the above sculpture characteristics, nor have I

seen any since among the hundreds of specimens I have collected

and handled. I made pen and ink drawings at the time, but both

shells and drawings have long since passed from view and went,

perhaps, to what Mr. Mantalini called the “demnition bow-wows.”

It is not at all uncommon to find P. lapillus, its varieties and allied

forms, imbricated, more or less, but the specimens referred to and

contained in my museum when I was a boy, were closely and evenly

imbricated throughout, over the entire surface.

86 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTES ON NEW SPECIES OF AMNICOLIDZ COLLECTED BY DR. RUSH

IN URUGUAY.

BY H. A. PILSBRY. |

Full descriptions of the new forms collected by Dr. Rush will

appear as soon as illustrations can be prepared. Meantime, the

following notes on the Amnicoline species may be of service.

The South American fresh water Hydrobioids fall into three or

four genera: PoraMoPpyRGus Stimpson, apparently confined to the

extreme northern border of the continent, and perhaps to be re-

garded as astraggler from the Antillean and Middle American

fauna. Lirrortptna Eydoux & Souleyet, a characteristic South

American genus of slender, acute shells, usually called “ Paludes-

trina,” “ Hydrobia” or Heleobia Stimp. LLyropes Doering, possi-

bly a group subordinate to Potamopyrgus. LirHoGLypHus of

authors, stout of figure, thick and strong, the American forms

with the lip expanded or having an external varix, or contracted

by a callous deposit within the posterior angle in fully adult exam-

ples. These seem to me to differ conchologically from the Euro-

pean types sufficiently to call for generic distinction, and the new

term

PoTAMOLITHUS

may be applied to them. Type P. Rushii.

The genus Cochliopa Stimpson, with two Central American spe-

cies, C. Rowelli Tryon and C. Tryoniana Pils., is like Potamolithus in

the solidity of the shell, but it is heliciform and umbilicated. Lacu-

nopsis and Jullienia, two Cambodian genera, are evidently near akin

to the South American Potamolithus (see Journ. de Conchyl. 1881,

p. 4).

The peculiarly striking modifications of the species of this genus

are scarcely paralleled in recent fresh water prosobranchs outside of

Lakes Tanganyika or Baikal. They cannot well be appreciated

without the aid of figures, which the writer intends publishing as

soon as practicable. Until then, the species may be discriminated

by the following diagnoses, which for more ready reference have

been cast into the form of a key. The characters of previously

known species are much abridged.

I. Columella with a longitudinal groove or pit; outer lip with a

strong varix.

THE NAUTILUS. 87

a. Depressed ; periphery with a strong, cord-like keel ; back

of body whorl gibbous below suture; umbilical area mod-

erate or large, bounded by a keel. Alt. 5-2, diam. 6 mm.

P. RUSHII n. sp.

aa. Globose, without keels; periphery rounded ; no ridge or

hump on the back; umbilical area small, with angular

edge; yellowish or olivaceous-brown, unicolored or with

subsutural and superperipheral green bands. Alt. 5, diam.

54 mm. P. IHERINGI 0. sp.

II. No groove on face of the columella.

a. With 5 or 6 spiral keels, all, or the upper two with acute

tubercles ; operculum with several whorls. Alt. 8-9, diam.

10 mm. P. MULTICARINATUS Mill.

aa. Shell carinated or angulate, without tubercles.

b. Peripheral keel visible on the penultimate as well as

the last whorl; lip expanded or varixed.

c. Trochoidal, with acutely, straightly conic spire,

compressed median peripheral keel, a small sub-

sutural carina, and a basal keel defining a very

Jarge umbilical tract. Aperture much contracted,

the lip varix very high, recurved above periphery,

the highest point of recurved lobe connected with

lip-edge by a short oblique rib. Alt. 5:2, diam.

6 mm. P. MICROTHAUMA D. sp.

ce. Trochoidal, with high conic spire and flattened

base and acute peripheral keel; surface smooth

above and below the keel, whorls flat above, the base

slightly convex ; umbilical area very narrow, in-

conspicuous ; lip varix narrow, near the lip edge.

Alt. 5, diam. 5 mm. P. HIDALGOI n. sp.

cec. Elevated turbinate, with an acute peripheral

keel, convex above and below it; lip expanded.

Alt. 5, diam. 5 mm. P. PERISTOMATUS Orb.

bb. Peripheral keel or angle concealed on the penultimate

whorl.

ce. Lip varix very strong, recurved above ; periphery

hardly angular, base convex, back of body whorl

with a spiral rib below the suture ; aperture much

contracted ; no columellar area defined. Alt. 5,

diam. 53 mm. P. DINOCHILUS ND. sp.

THE NAUTILUS.

cc. Varix, expansion or contraction of the lip rather

weak or inconspicuous.

d. Keeled or angular at the basal periphery,

rounded or flattened above the keel.

e. Columella wide and heavy; alt. 4:6,

diam. 44 mm. P.suscuir‘ Dkr’ Ffld.

ee. Columella narrow; alt. 43, diam. 3°2

mm. P. conicus Brot.

dd. Body whorl squarish, the angles rounded ;

columella rather wide; umbilical crescent

defined by a carina; lip with a narrow

varix. Alt. 5. diam. 4 mm.

P. ORBIGNYI N. sp.

ddd. A carina at the basal periphery, and two

approximate keels on the back above.

P. rricostatus Brot.

dddd. Periphery and base well rounded; a wide

shallow suleus or two low carinze on the

back above. Alt. 5°5, diam. 4°8 mm.

P. LAPIDUM SUPERSULCATUS D. VY.

aaa. Whorls rounded, without spiral keels, angles or sulci.

b. Globose or globose-conic ; peristome not nicked or sin-

uous.

c. Not banded; last whori rounded; aperture

slightly contracted P. LapipuMm Orb.

ce. 3-banded : lip and columella thin.

P. PETITIANUS Orb.

bb. Ovate, the outer or basal lip sinuous or nicked.

ce. Outer lip expanded or flaring, its face thickened,

with two or three nicks or sinuses. Alt. 5, diam.

4°3 mm. P. SYKESII nD. sp.

ce. Outer lip thin, unexpanded.

d. Outer lip produced in a broad tongue or

lobe, a deep rounded sinus above and

below. Alt 5, diam. 4 mm.

P. BISINUATUS N. sp.

dd. Similar, but the upper sinus obsolete.

P. BISINUATUS OBSOLETUS 0. V.

ddd. Much more slender ; outer lip retracted at

insertion above, sinused at base. Alt. 4°6,

diam. 3°1 mm, P. GRACILIS 2. sp.

THE NAUTILUS. 89

dddd. Similar, but with a rounded sinus in the

outer lip above; green.

P. GRACILIS VIRIDIS 0. Vv.

The operculum of P. multicarinatus Miller has more whorls than

those of the other species, and may eventually be placed in a new

genus.

P. bisinuatus might be regarded as an immature stage of P.

Sykesti were it not that until the lip expansion of the latter is fully

developed no trace of sinuation occurs, the sinuses being developed

in the thickened margin beyond the expansion.

The variety of P. lapidum described and figured by Strobel

(Mater. Malac. Argent.) from a single shell, does not seem to have

sufficiently tangible characters for recognition as distinct from typi-

cal lapidum.

P. dinochilus closely resembles P. microthuwna in characters of

the lip varix and aperture, and it may possibly prove to be a form

of that species when extensive series of each are collected; but the

other features of the shells are so strikingly different and so con-

stant in the series before me, that their union would not be justified

with present knowledge.

Certain forms of P. Bushii have two weak keels on the back and

offer an approach to P. tricostatus, and the two may prove to be

specifically the same, although proof is lacking that this is the case.

In P. Buschii the keels or sulcus on the back are weaker when

present, the umbilical crescent is larger and angular, and the form

less elevated."

1Since the above table has been in type, I have received Mr. E. R. Sykes’

notes on certain species which he was so kind as to compare at my request,

with d’Orbigny’s types in the B. M. “ Potamolithus lapidum. Compared with the

typical series your shells differ a bit in the aperture being somewhat pyriform,

while those of the museum series are more rounded. Still they are, I think,

thesame species. There is only one tablet, and this contains one of your var-

iety [swpersulcatus] mingled with the rest, as also one specimen which is not

the same species but may be /e/idiana.

“ P, Sykesii, 1 think that this is only a form of Petitiana; there are how-

ever only two specimens, both immature, of this last species in the museum.”

[I had supposed d’Orbigny’s shells were mature, and therefore separated

Syesii on the ground of its peculiar peristome. It remains to be seen whether

adult Petitiana will prove to have the same characters, but I agree with Mr.

Sykes that it is likely].

P. gracilis. This is distinct from péciem, which is a thinner and slighter-

built species, [and does not show the same apertural characters. |

90 THE NAUTILUS.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SHELLS FROM THE NEW HEBRIDES

ARCHIPELAGO.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

Endodonta (?) tenuiscripta Anc.

Shell much depressed, lenticular, very sharply keeled at the peri-

phery, thin, not much shining, of a somewhat silky appearance,

openly but very widely umbilicated. Spire convex, apex cbtuse,

with 5 regularly and slowly increasing whorls, barely convex and

furnished with a linear and appressed suture, the last one slightly

impressed above and below the very acute keel, slightly convex

above, more so beneath. Umbilicus circular, exhibiting all the volu-

tion (12 mill. wide), surrounded by a very obtuse angle. Aperture

rather oblique, securiform, somewhat sinuous, very much angular at

the end of the carina, not deflexed in front. Margins distant

scarcely connected by a very thin shining deposit. Sculpture very

fine, consisting of oblique and very fine crowded lines of growth.

Color fulyvous, with numerous fine and irregular stripes of a brown

tint, larger on the last whorl.

Greater diam. 63, less. 6, height 3 mill.

Island of Mallicolo, New Hebrides (EK. L. Layard).

This shell is evidently related to my Patula Glissoni, described

several years ago from the same group of islands. According to

Mr. Pilsbry’s new arrangement, this should perhaps be rightly located

in Endodonta with the species now considered, unless it may eventu-

ally prove to belong to Flammulina. FE. tenuiscripta is a very

beautiful little shell, recalling the Hawaiian £. /amedlosa which is

very much like it, but wanting internal lamin. It looks likea

small Trochomorpha and especially Pararhytida on a very small

scale, but is perhaps nearer to Crosse’s Helix trichocoma, from New

Caledonia.

From its ally, Patula Glissoni, found in the island of Vate, New

Hebrides, it may be easily distinguished from its larger size, much

more acute keel, different style of color, planulate whorls and other

differences.

Melania vatensis Anc.

Shell imperforate, turrited, somewhat shining, rather solid, fulvous

with irregular and more or less interrupted longitudinal brown

stripes and dots and lighter suture on the two last whorls. Ground

color frequently more obscure at the base. Spire long, pointed,

THE NAUTILUS. 91

entire, conic, with very regular outlines. Whorls 12-13, convex,

regularly increasing, furnished with small warts, becoming obsolete

at the base of each whorl and disappearing on the two last ones and

sculptured with fine incised spiral sulei more crowded towards the

base of the shell. Suture impressed, canaliculate on the last volu-

tions. Body whorl broadly oval, rounded, often more convex below

its middle. Aperture oval, angular above, not much effuse nor

oblique, scarcely sinuous, livid within. Columellar edge thick,

regularly arched. Operculum as usual in the genus.

Long. 30, breadth 10, height of aperture 9 mill.

Island of Vate, New Hebrides (E. L. Layard).

This has been submitted for identification to Dr. A. Brot, the

regretted author of many papers on Melanians and he wrote me that

he received the same shell from Dr. W. D. Hartman under the

erroneous name of Melania marici Gass. He was unacquainted

with the shell from Vate and thought it may prove to be an un-

described species, so that I venture to give a name to it, under Dr.

Brot’s undisputed authority.

Neritina coccinea Anc.

Shell solid, oblong, not shining, reddish-yellow, without markings,

tinged with orange near the aperture, finely striated, not spirally

sculptured, convex but not globose. Spire distinct, obtuse, lateral,

entire, consisting of two whorls only, very rapidly increasing, the

last one very large, transversely oval. Suture linear. Aperture

oblique, with the superior edge long and elliptical connected with

the basal by a large flat and thick callosity of a dull whitish or livid

color. Margins not remote. Outer margin acute. Septal area

without teeth. Operculum red, thin.

Diam. 63, height 5, do. of aperture 43 mill.

Island of Vate, New Hebrides (EK. L. Layard).

This very pretty little species is quite different from any one I

know of. It may perhaps be allied to Pease’s rubida, from Tahiti,

but is very much larger.

NEW AMERICAN UNIO.

BY WM. A. MARSH, ALEDO, MERCER CoO., ILLINOIS.

Unio Askewi, new species.

Shell smooth, subrotund, somewhat inflated, inequilateral ; sides

slightly constricted, rounded before, subtruncate posteriorly, with

92 THE NAUTILUS.

or without rays, rays obscured. Substance of the shell thick and

solid; beaks small, with a few rather coarse, concentric undulations ;

ligament rather long and dark brown; epidermis reddish-brown ;

growth lines rather coarse and slightly raised; umbonial slope

obtusely angular; posterior slope angular, with a raised ridge

from beaks to posterior end, slightly biangulated ; cardinal teeth

large, erect, compressed and corrugate; lateral teeth short and

slightly curved; anterior cicatrices distinct and deep; posterior

cicatrices distinct; cavity of the shell deep; cavity of the beaks

moderately deep ; nacre white or rose-color; soft parts unknown.

Habitat: Village Creek, Hardin Co., Texas; Sabine River,

Texas.

This shell seems to be between U. beadleianus Lea and U. chicka-

sawhensis Lea, and bears some resemblance to U. chunii Lea. It is

more triangular than U. beadleianus, and more solid, with a differ-

ent epidermis and teeth ; it is much more inflated and more angular

posteriorly than chickasawhensis, and it differs in being less heavy

in the beaks and in the outline of the shell.

One specimen was received many years ago from Mr. A. G,

Wetherby, from Viilage Creek, Hardin Co., Texas, and many speci-

mens, lately, from Mr. H. G. Askew, of Austin, Texas, who is an

earnest worker in this family of shells, and in whose honor I name

this shell.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

{Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

Kindly bear in mind the fact that this is the month when our re-

ports are due, also annual dues and election of officers, as noted in

the November issue of Tae Nautitus. The tardiness of some of

our members in reporting last year delayed the issue of our volume

of Transactions. Some of our members are always prompt in re-

porting, and the General Secretary appreciates their readiness to

conform with the rules of the Chapter.

[From the report of Miss Nelson. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea Conch-

ological Chapter for 1895. ]

My interest in shells dates as far back as I can remember, when

my brother and I played on the banks of the stream at our old

THE NAUTILUS. 93

home, and gathered a good many varieties of fresh-water and land

shells which I have always kept.

Ill-health has prevented my doing much collecting the past year,

and my attempted exchanges have been unfortunate in almost every

case. However, I do not consider a “collection” the most import-

ant part of any study, though I must confess it adds pleasure to it.

Last July I very much enjoyed the class in conchology taught by

Mrs. Shepard, and found profit also.

I spent one afternoon capturing what mollusks I could besiege in

their homes in the sand and mud at the mouth of the river above

Alamitos, stopping long enough at “ Devil’s Gate” to waylay with

a hatchet a few of the inhabitants of the soft rock, such as Phola-

didew penita Conr., and Platyodon eancellatus Conr. Nassa tegula

Rvye., Cerithidea sacrata Gld. were enjoying a promenade on the

mud, and it seemed a pity to end their happiness, unless I accept

the belief of Agassiz, Cuvier and others in the immortality of

animals.

I noticed a good many small holes in the sand, some with little

mounds around them, like those made in the earth by some of the

insect world, and, I found, on excavating them, that some of my

little molluscan friends were at the bottom of the contrivance for

breathing. I brought to light Donax flecuosus Gld., Liocardium

substriatum, Lyonsia californica Conr. and Heterodonax bimaculatus

D’Orb.

HENRY D. VAN NOSTRAND.

It is with regret that we record the death of Mr. Henry D. Van

Nostrand, which occurred at his residence in Glen Ridge, N. J., on

the morning of the 8th of October.

Mr. Van Nostrand was born in New York City about 73 years

ago, and was long actively engaged there in mercantile business as

a member of the firm of J. & H. Van Nostrand, wholesale grocers,

which was founded near the beginning of the present century by his

father.

Early in life he became interested in the study of conchology,

and began a collection of shells which will rank with some of the

best private collections in the country. The nucleus of it was that

of the late John A. Redfield, which he purchased from Mr. Redfield

about 40 years ago.

94 THE NAUTILUS.

Until within a few years, Mr. Van Nostrand resided at Green-

ville, near Jersey City, N. J., where he was a prominent and highly

esteemed citizen. There, in his beautiful and hospitable home on

the shore of New York Bay, he entertained many noted concholo-

gists, including the great collector, Hugh Cuming.

He was one of the earliest members of the New York Lyceum of

Natural History, and among his intimate associates were Messrs.

Redfield, W. G. Binney, Robt. Swift, Wheatley and Haines, but his

closest friend was the late Thomas Bland, for whom he had a most

affectionate regard which was reciprocated by that distinguished

naturalist. After the death of Mr. Bland, Mr. Van Nostrand

raised a fund to provide for the monument which now marks his

grave in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, near that of Mr. Redfield,

He frequently expressed to the writer his affection for the memory

of his deceased friend, and only a short while before his death

planned a visit to Mr. Bland’s grave, which he was not able to

carry out. ;

Mr. Van Nostrand’s cabinet is rich in many families, both marine

and terrestrial, particularly so in cones, olives, volutes, cypreeas and

mitras. It also contains the larger and better portion of the Bland

collection of West Indian land shells, the labels of which are in

the hand-writing of Mr. Bland. It also contains many choice speci-

mens obtained from the Perry Expedition. It is to be regretted

that Mr. Van Nostrand made no provision for the disposition of

this truly valuable collection which should adorn some one of our

great public institutions. Several species of shells have been named

in his honor, among them Helix Van Nostrandi Bland, of our

southern States.

A gentleman of the old school, a kind and generous friend, he

will be missed and his memory cherished by those whose good for-

tune it was to know him.—S. Raymonp Rosents.

[COMMUNICATED. ]

THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.

A number of representative members of the American Association

of Conchologists in various parts of the country, having expressed

their desire to renew the activity of the Association, the initiative

was taken by a gentleman of Philadelphia, not a former officer,

THE NAUTILUS. 95

who invited several of his brother conchologists to meet at his board

to discuss the outlook.

As some readers are not aware of the circumstances, it may be well

to state that the Association was originated in 1890, for the purpose

of encouraging and advancing conchological study in America by

concerted effort and mutual assistance. It rapidly attained a much

larger membership than its originators had anticipated ; and the cor-

respondence of the President and other officers became so large as to

be a serious burden. Moreover, the original articles or “ constitu-

tion” stated that there were to be no membership dues, so that the

expense to the officers named for postage, ete., was not inconsider-

able.

Although the pages of the Nauriius were freely used for Associa-

tion communications, it was found necessary to print lists of the

members, their addresses and specialties, for general use. This

expense was met by the officers on the first occasion, and the second

list was printed by generous subscriptions from various members

throughout the country.

These conditions, together with business engagements and ill

health which prevented the first President of the Association from

continuing to give his time in the generous measure required, led

to the present inactive condition of the Association.

So much for the past. With these conditions in view, it was the un-

animous judgment of the assembled conchologists that “ Rule 3” of

the former by-laws should be stricken out, and an annual member-

ship fee of (say) $1.00 be fixed, to defray expenses of the Association,

such as postage, printing of Reports, to contain lists of members,

Treasurers’ statements, and information useful to the membership at

large.

Should this meet with the approval of the members, it will be

necessary to elect a Treasurer, not originally provided for by the

rules. It is believed that these modifications, by providing ample

means for communication between members, will lead to a renewed

and healthy growth of the Association.

All members of the Association are requested to consider the con-

ditions above set forth, and freely submit their views thereon to the

Secretary, (Charles W. Johnson, Wagner Free Institute of Science,

Philadelphia), who will report the same at a meeting of the Associa-

tion to be held at the call of the officers, date to be announced here-

after, to pass upon these amendments to the Rules. It is desired

96 THE NAUTILUS.

that such communications be sent before the 20th of the present

month.

NOTES AND NEWS.

CHOANOPOMA (CTENOPOMA) BAHAMENSE SuutT. AT KEY

Westr.—When at Key West, some years ago, Dr. Wm. H. Rush,

U.S. N., collected specimens of a small land operculate which he

found living with Chondropoma dentatum. The species proves to be

C. bahamense, described from the island of New Providence. Com-

pared with specimens from that locality, the Key West shells are

smaller—alt. 8-9, diameter 44-5 mm.—but identical in sculpture and

form. It is a light, fleshy-yellowish shell, with quite indistinct

narrow interrupted bands of well-separated brownish dots, closely

longitudinally ribbed, but not latticed, having no fine spiral sculpture,

only coarse, very low revolving sculpture, hardly visible on most

specimens except around the umbilicus. ‘The lip is flat and there

is a little reflexed “hood” above the upper angle of aperture in

fully mature shells. Operculum calcareous, with tangential lamelle.

It is easily separated from C. dentatwm by the lack of decussated

sculpture. This is a species new to the United States fauna.

—H.A. P.

Limn A BULIMOIDES Lra Resisting Droucur.—Specimens of

a very short-spired form of this species were lately received from

Mr. Geo. H. Clapp, with the following note: “ They were collected

by my cousin, Geo. H. Pepper, from a water-hole that appeared to

be dry most of the year, near Farmington, New Mexico, on Septem-

ber 20, 1896, and reached me, packed in cotton, on October 5. On

the 4th of this month (November) J dropped them into warm water

to soak them loose from the cotton, and about two dozen out of 50

or more came to life. They had been out of water 45 duys! The

shells spend nearly as much time out of the water as in it, frequently

crawling to the top of the glass in which I keep them.” Out of 4

specimens sent alive, packed in dry cotton, one revived at once

upon being placed in water, after an additional journey, dry, from

the 6th to the 9th of November. The survivor has a translucent or

almost water-colored body, closely peppered with opaque white ;

eves black ; tentacles opaque white; a dark stripe on back starting

between tentacles. With the Limnzas were some of the little bi-

valye Phyllopod crustacean, Estheria mexicana Claus.—H. A. P.

ere N@ericus.

VoL. X. JANUARY, 1897. No. 9

TO CONCHOLOGISTS.

“The night is starry and cold, my friend,

And the New Year bright and bold, my friend,

Comes up to take his own.”

Nivery-stx has rolled by, and with it THe Nauritus almost

completes another volume. We had hoped to tell you at this festal

season that conditions were becoming more favorable for the develop-

ment of the Naurryus in northern latitudes. The Nauriius is

all right in deep water, but the cold winter winds of adversity seem

to be too much for it, and by April it is usually ashore and pretty

well broken up. The editors come to its rescue, and with paper

sails, on which there is a little printing, writing and a few figures,

start it again on its yearly voyage. But the editors are getting

tired of furnishing sails. We don’t mind putting them on—in fact,

we'll do all the work cheerfully, only give us the material.

Weare not asking for a gift, but merely suggesting to you that

to pay the price of a year’s subscription, now due, is not only a sea-

sonable action on your part, but a positively meritorious one as well.

Our editorial of last January seems to have been taken as a joke,

judging by the results in hard cash. We do assure you, friends,

“this is no joke.” THe NAvuTILUS 2s ashore now. Are you going to

help it out of the breakers? Is the tenth voyage to be the last? It

depends upon you.

We wish you all a Happy New Year.

Hi: A. P. & C. Wiedk

98 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTES ON THE LAND SHELLS OF QUEBEC CITY AND DISTRICT.

BY A. W. HANHAM.

In this district the Isle d’Orleans may be considered the only rich

collecting ground in species; all the following, with one or two ex-

ceptions, having been taken there, while many of the small species

have not been observed elsewhere. The other good localities in the

district are: St. Joseph’s (deLevis) for Vitrina, Vallonia, and Ver-

tigo; St. Romauld’s for Polygyra and Vertigo ; the Plains of Abra-

ham for the introduced Helices, ribbed Vallonia, and Pupa armifera

Say, and a ravine off the River St. Charles, near the city, for Vit-

rina, some of the Zonites and Succinea.

It may be stated here that the Isle d’Orleans lies in the St. Law-

rence, about five miles below the city. The island is twenty-one

miles long by one or two broad, and during the summer months

there is a regular ferry service ; only a few miles of the end nearest

the landing have been worked.

On May 25, 1893, the day after my return from Barachois, Gaspé,

I distributed nearly fifty young H. hortensis L. (from a quarter- to

a half-grown) along the top of the cliff bordering the Plains of

Abraham; this is where both H. cantiana Mont. and H. rufescens

Penn. seem to thrive. On July 291 noticed two full-grown speci-

mens, both the plain yellow form, and, on September 15, another,

this one banded. I see no reason why this locality and climate

should not suit H. hortensis L., as it has, without doubt, the other

introduced species. I have a record of this Helix being taken as

far as far up the St. Lawrence as Little Métis.

Selenites concava Say. Local, throughout the district.

Limax agrestis Mill. Common,

Limax campestris Binn. Rather local.

Limax sp. Rare; in two or three places only (Lake Beauport

and Isle d’Orleans).

Vitrina limpida Gould. Taken in three localities only : abund-

ant under cliff close to the St. Lawrence River at St. Joseph’s; a

small colony near St. Romauld’s, and some fine ones from the banks

of creek running into the river at St. Charles.

Zonites cellarius Mull. In drift on Isle d’Orleans, and a few up

the St. Charles River. None living, but many shells containing the

animal.

THE NAUTILUS. 99

Zonites nitidus Mill. Quite rare, a few from banks of creek, St.

Charles River.

Zonites arboreus Say. Plentiful, but not often in good condition.

Zonites radiatulus Alder. Plentiful.

Zonites binneyanus Morse. \Well-distributed, but never abundant.

Zonites ferreus Morse. Both rare and local.

Zonites exiguus Stimpson. Woods, Isle d’Orleans, very abundant.

Zonites fuluus Drap. Fairly abundant.

Zonites multidentatus Binn. Isle d’Orleans only ; rare.

Tebennophorus caroliniensis Bose. Occasional.

Pyramidula alternata Say. Widely distributed, but only common

on side of cliff, Isle d’Orleans.

Pyramidula striatella Anth. Common everywhere.

Pyramidula asteriscus Morse. Plentiful in a piece of swampy

wood, Isle d’Orleans, area of distribution very limited, and no trace

elsewhere in district. I got a good supply of these shells by taking

home a quantity of dead leaves and débris, and sifting them during

the winter evenings.

Helicodiscus lineatus Say. Rather abundant under accumula-

tions of dead leaves in damp woods.

Acanthinula harpa Say. Exceedingly common in a small, rather

dry clearing (covered with a little low bush and bracken) between

woods, Isle d’Orleans. Eearly one morning, after a very damp

night, Mr. Latchford took a number off the trunks of the small trees

in thisclearing. On mainland, traces found in two widely separated

localities.

Punctum pygmeum Drap. Fairly common.

Helix rufescens Penn. Very abundant throughout the city, espe-

cially on the cliffs and city walls. Extends along the cliff some dis-

tance up the St. Lawrence; a large colony noticed at St. Sauveur;

a few up River St. Charles, and a small colony on the Isle d’Orleans,

close to the ferry landing. Recorded from Levis by the Abbé

_ Begin. This species appears to be spreading rapidly.

Helix cantiana Mont. Common on cliff bordering Plains of

Abraham and extending to the citadel. Not noticed in the city.

Polygyra albolabris Say. Well distributed, but not common.

Polygyra albolabris var. maritima Pils. Some half-dozen exam-

ples, apparently this variety, taken here.

Helix dentifera Binn. Local, but where found at all, more plenti-

ful than albolabris or sayii. At St. Romauld’s a small colony was

100 THE NAUTILUS.

discovered on the cliff side on May 9, 1893, all still in hibernation.

In the more elevated parts of a small piece of rather swampy woods

off the St. Foye road, not far from the city limits, this shell was

rather common. Living shells all presented a more or less worn

appearance, the tooth was often lacking in seemingly full-grown in-

dividuals, and they seldom approached in size, and were generally

more fragile, than those occurring on the Isle d’Orleans. From this

I should judge that their surroundings were not exactly healthy or

suitable ones, and they no doubt owe their existence here to the fact

of the wood being a private preserve, comparatively undisturbed by

man or beast. No other Mesodon was seen here.

This good species was first taken in the vicinity of Quebec City

by Mr. Latchford, of Ottawa, Ont., the occasion being a visit to the

Isle d’Orleans on August 16, 1891. Since that date a good number

have been taken there, all, without exception, on the cliffs on both

sides of the islands; at some places within a few yards of high water

mark of the St. Lawrence River. On the cliffside having a northern

exposure, the vegetation is decidedly rank, and where there is a good

deal of moist, shaly rock mixed with dead leaves, etc., live speci-

mens are sure to be plentiful and in fine condition.

On May 27, 1893, chiefly from an old unused path on the cliff

side, I made the following capture: Selenites concava Say, 66 ; Pyra-

midula alternata Say, 59; Polygyra albolabris Say, 1; Polygyra

dentifera Binn., 71; Polygyra sayti Binn., 29; Polygyra monodon

Rack., 15; Succinea obliqua Say, 9—all good and mostly living

shells.

Poiygyra sayii Binn. This species is more widely distributed than

P. dentifera Binn. along the cliff side on the mainland (northern

exposure only). On the island it occurs with MM. dentifera, but

never in abundance (except on the above-mentioned occasion). It

has also been taken rarely in the woods which cover a good part of

the island. ‘This species appears to be more hardy than the other

Polygyra; it does not go into hibernation nearly so early in the fall. |

Unfortunately, eaten shells are rather too conspicuous.

It took me a whole season to get used to the habits of these spe-

cies, so as to know just where to look for them, often going home

nearly empty-handed when I had really been in the midst of them.

When hibernating, they are most easily seen, the beautiful white

(sometimes pinkish) lip of P. dentifera Binn. catching the eye when

exposed to view. Early in the-spring, when just out, they are more

THE NAUTILUS. 101

difficult to find, as they adhere to the dead leaves, and, unless felt,

may then easily be turned over and lost.

Polygyra monodon Rack. ‘This species is well-distributed and

very common in places on the cliff side at the Island. I havea

- record of 140 specimens taken November 12, 1892, and have found

2() or more all together—in fact, on the cliff side, either in the fall

or spring, it is usual to find these large families buried together in

the loose, shaly rock. At other places where I have collected, it

has been unusual to find more than a pair together. A few of my

Isle d’Orleans specimens are very fine, and have the umbilicus un-

usually large.

Polygyra monodon Rack, var. fraterna Say. A few approaching

this variety were taken in the neighborhood of the Gomin swamp

on the mainland.

Vallonia pulchella Mill. Common on the mainland at foot of

cliffs, and on the Plains of Abraham, also observed on the Island.

Vallonia costata Mull. Occurs with pulehella on both sides of

the St. Lawrence River, but is not so plentiful.

Vallonia excentrica Sterki. Local, at foot of cliff at St. Joseph’s

with pulchella, not observed elsewhere.

Vallonia labyrinthica Say. Chiefly from the Island, and generally

from the dryer parts of the woods.

Pupa armifera Say. Recorded by the late Abbé Provancher as

being common on the Plains of Abraham; it may be taken there in

some abundance with Val/onia from under pieces of rock. I have

taken single examples on the Island and at Levis.

Sphyradium simplex Gould. Rare, Island d’Orleans.

Vertigo milium Gould. A. few on the mainland, more common on

the Isle d’Orleans.

Vertigo ovata Say. Fairly plentiful in some localities.

Vertigo gouldii Binn. Rare, Isle d’Orleans.

Vertigo ventricosa Morse. Rare, Isle d’Orleans.

Vertigo pentodon Say. Isle d’Orleans, local. This shell has a

habit of coating itself with dirt, like Succinea avara Say, and conse-

quently it is difficult to find.

Vertigo bollesiana Morse. Common on mossy rocks under cliffs

at St. Joseph’s and St. Romauld’s. <A form taken with this, Dr.

Sterki calls the New England variety.

Vertigo curvidens Gould. Isle d’Orleans, rare.

102 THE NAUTILUS.

Ferussacia subcylindrica L. 'Two easily separated forms of this

species are found in the district; one occurs everywhere and is

abundant, the other has only been taken in damp woods on the Isle

d’Orleans, and is a larger shell.

Succinea avara Say. Local.

Succinea ovalis Gould. Notatallcommon. Both these species are

smaller in size as compared with specimens from western Ontario.

Suecinea obliqua Say. The ravine running into the St. Charles

River is a splendid place for this shell. During hibernation I have, on

several occasions, taken 200 fine specimens in a short time, and some

are the largest I have ever seen orcaptured. I am inclined to think

that some of them would pass for Succinea totteniana Lea; there

certainly appear to be two forms. In cleaning some of these shells

taken on November 8, 1891, a few of the finest living specimens

contained the peculiar parasite, reference to which is made by Dr.

Dall, in his useful pamphlet, “ Instructions for Collecting Mollusks,

ete.” (Leucochloridium).

Carychium exiguum Say. Very common in decaying vegetation

in woods and all damp places.

NEW LOWER CALIFORNIAN BULIMULI.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Bulimulus hypodon n. sp.

With the general form of B. spirifer Gabb, this smaller species

differs in the more convex lateral outlines of the spire and the much

shorter body-whorl, which in a dorsal view is not produced and ob-

long, but short and transverse, and with the suture ascending some-

what toward its termination. Whorls 73, surface with an oily

polish, only slight growth-lines, but under the lens showing close,

fine incised spiral strice, without trace of granulation. Aperture

slightly over half the total alt.; peristome very broadly and flatly re-

flexed, recurved at the edge, the margins joined by a rather heavy

callus, but without defined edge. Columella distinctly truncate at

base ; internal lamina well-developed, thin, triangular. Color almost

white, the cuticle with an extremely faint buff tint. Alt. 25, diam.

12:5 mm.; alt. of aperture (including peristome) 13, width 10°2 mm.;

width of reflexed outer lip 2.3 mm.

Lower California, exact locality unknown.

THE NAUTILUS. 103

Bulimulus lamellifer n. sp.

General form of A. spirifer ; waxen white or light brownish; the

surface more or less granulose, as inexamples of B. spirifer. Whorls

about 63. Aperture over half the altitude usually, but sometimes

less than half; the lip-ends conspicuously approaching, joined by a

short callus; peristome broadly expanded and reflexed, much as in

spirifer. Columella showing from the aperture a sharp, oblique lam-

ina; this lamina becoming very high internally, projecting in a

square or bisinuate plate. The type measures, alt. 32, diam. 15

mm.; but they are very variable in size, the smallest seen being

233 mm. long. The square or emarginate internal plate differs con-

spicuously from the corkscrew twisted fold of B. spirifer, and is ap-

parently a constant character. Seventeen specimens examined.

Lower California (W. M. Gabb).

These forms are evidently different from B. spirifer Gabb, B.

bryanti Cooper and B. veseyanus Dall, the species of this group de-

scribed by American naturalists. A careful comparison with the

descriptions of B. lapidivagus, dentifer, subspirifer and dismenicus of

Mabille, causes me to consider these also as specifically distinct from

the forms described above. Illustrations will appear in the next

number of the Manual of Conchology, in which the other North

American Bulimuli will also be figured.

NEW AMERICAN UNIONIDE.

BY WM. A. MARSH, ALEDO, MERCER CO., ILL.

Unio superiorensis n. sp.

Shell smooth, obovate, slightly inflated, inequilateral, rounded

before, oblique, obtusely angular behind, with or without rays, rays

when present interrupted by lines of growth. Substance of shell

thick, beaks small, with a few rather coarse undulations; umbonial

slope flattened, ligament long, dark brown; epidermis dark olive;

growth lines very close, quite prominent, cardinal teeth large and

solid, compressed and nearly smooth, double in left valve and widely

separated ; lateral teeth long, thick and nearly straight, anterior

cicatrices deep and rounded, posterior cicatrices confluent and well

impressed. Cavity of shell deep; cavity of beaks deep and rounded ;

nacre white, sometimes shining.

Habitat: Michipicoton River, upper shore of Lake Superior,

Canada.

104 THE NAUTILUS.

This shell is more closely related to U. borealis A. F. Gray thar

any other I know of; it is not so much inflated as that species, it is

more transverse on both dorsal and ventral portions; when the rays

are present they differ entirely ; the posterior portion of the shell is

flatter, it is more oblique in outline, the cardinal teeth are much

smoother and more compressed, the cicatrices are deeper and more

rounded, shell cavity shallower, the lines of growth are very much

more numerous and closer.

It bears some resemblance to some varieties of U. luteolus Lam.,

but differs entirely in the teeth, growth lines, epidermis, outline of

shell, and cavity of beaks and shell, from any variety of luteolus I

ever saw.

Several years ago, Mr. James H. Ferris, of Joliet, collected a

number of these shells at the locality given, and I was never satis-

fied that they could be placed, even as a marked variety, with any

described species.

ON SOME SINISTRAL LAND SHELLS.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

The following are several sinistral specimens of normally dextral

species, nearly all included in my own collection. Some of these

monstrosities are still, I think, unrecorded. In addition to these, I

must say that I have collected, in 1884, in the mountains near Héas,

Pyrenees, a dextral example of the usually sinistral Buliminus

quadridens Miller. This is also in my collection. From the list

given below, it appears that sinistral monstrosities are much more

scarce in operculate land shells than in Helicide, and, besides the

well-know reversed Campeloma decisum Say (=var. heterostropha),

still rarer in fluvatile shells.

Helix (Xerophila) trepidula Servain (Dept. du Bouches-du-Rhéne,

S. France).

Helix (Xerophila) oreta Bourg. Oued-el-Hakoum, south of Ber-

rouaghia (Algeria).

Helix (Euparypha) pisana Mill. South France.

Helix (Tachea) nemoralis L. Bundoran, Ireland (from Mr.

Brockton Tomlin).

Helix (Macularia) vermiculata Mull. Marseilles, France (in Mr.

M. Sollier’s collection).

THE NAUTILUS. 105

Helix (Pomatia) pomatia L. West France.

Helix (Pomatia) aspersa L. Marseilles.

Helix (Mesodon) thyroides Say. Connecticut.

Leucochroa candidissima L. var. major Brg. Near Boghari,

(Algeria).

Leucochroa candidissima L. (typical). Marseilles ; Algeria.

Zonites algirus L. Montpellier, south France.

Rumina decollata L. var. major. Near Berrouaghia, Algeria.

Pupa (Torquilla) bigorrensis Charp. Cazaril, Hautes-Pyrénées.

Pomatia crassilabrum Dup. Cauterets (Hautes-Pyrénées), Assat

(Basses-Py rénées).

Ditropis planorbis Blanford. 'Tinnevelly. :

Achatina panthera Fér. Mauritius.

Gibbus lyonnetianus Pallas. Mauritius.

Nanina (Dyakia) javanica Fér. Java.

Nanina (Dyakia) duplocincta Bttg. Java.

Timnea peregra Drap. England.

Campeloma decisum Say. New York.

COCHLICELLA VENTRICOSA Drap., NEAR CHARLESTON, S. C.

BY WM. G. MAZYCK.

On the afternoon of October 27, last, I found a small colony of

this species living under a fallen fence post on a lot in the rear of

the United States Life Saving Station, in the town of Moultrieville,

on Sullivan’s Island, at the entrance to Charleston Harbor, S. C.

The discovery is one of peculiar interest, presenting a problem of

somewhat difficult solution. The island is quite small, being only

about four miles long, with an average width of some 300 yards

and an average height above mean high water of only about six

feet. The only natural growth of shrubbery is on the end, where

there is a dense growth of stunted myrtles. Moultrieville covers

about one-half of the Island. The lot upon which the specimens

were found is destitute of any vegetation, except a stunted growth of

a coarse low grass, somewhat similar in appearance to the ordinary

lawn grass; there is no garden nearer than half a mile, and that

contains no plants of foreign importation. There is absolutely

nothing in the environment to suggest congeniality, and the spot is

106 THE NAUTILUS.

apparently most unfavorable to the propagation of the species, which

is entirely isolated as far as yet observed. The entire island was

submerged for about ten hours to an average depth of about two

feet during the hurricane of August 27, 1893, and almost all vege-

tation was killed at that time, a circumstance which leads to the

opinion that the species is of very recent introduction. The terres-

trial species of mollusea so far observed on the island are:

Polygyra espiloca Rav. Pupa fallax Say.

Triodopsis hopetonensis Shutt. Pupa pentodon Say.

Cochlicella ventricosa Drap. Succinea campestris Say.

Vertigo rugosula Sterki. Succinea inflata Lea ?

I have a single dead specimen of Mesodon thyroides Say, most

likely washed from the neighboring mainland, and a few specimens

of Stenogyra decollata L., certainly brought from Charleston, where

it is abundant.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

UNIOS.

{Excerpts from the Report of Dr. W. S. Strode. From the Transactions of the

Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter for 1895.]

* To the Spoon River, only three miles away, two or

three hurried visits have been made. With one exception only the

usual shells of this stream were found. I was fortunate in striking

a new bed of Unios. It was ina little bayou six feet wide and

about three deep by twenty long, just above a rough ledge of lime

and sand rock. The environment was suitable to many species, and

the mud and sand at the bottom of this little cove was literally

packed with them. In half an hour I had thrown out on the clean,

white sand several bushels of various species, as Unio tuberculatus,

anodontoides, plicatus, rectus, ligamentinus, luteolus, occidens, gibbo-

sus, laerymosus, pustulosus, trigonus, alatus, gracilis, ebenus, levissi-

mus, complanatus, rugosa, donaciformis, and several of the gigantic

multiplicatus peculiar to this stream. Some of these species had

been so long in this still water, and were so hoary with age that

they were moss grown. When I had thrown out about all the little

bayou contained, I selected the finer specimens of such species as I

THE NAUTILUS. 107

cared for, and then returned the rest to the water for future use.

From one of the U. occidens I took one of the finest pearls that I

had ever seen. It was a perfect oval, very lustrous, and about the

size of a small buckshot. The exceptional shell found in the bayou

was Margaritana confragosa Say, not heretofore reported in this

stream, though they are not uncommon at Liverpool on the Illinois

River. Two or three young shells were found, which is a good indi-

cation that the parents were somewhere about. In a pool in the

shade of a long bridge at Bernadotte, I found a large number of

Pleurocera elevatum Say and a few Somatogyrus subglobosus Say.

* * * * A collector in Texas has also sent me some fine

specimens, a list of which may prove of interest to the members of

the Isaac Lea Chapter of the Agassiz Association: Unio nodiferus,

U. manubrius, U. rotundatus, very large and fine; U. purpuratus,

U. aureus, also a variation of the same; U. Mitchelli, said to be

found only in Guadaloupe River ; U. tampicooensis, U. hydianus, U.

berlandierti, U. perplicatus, U. speciosus, U. tuberculatus, Ano-

donta leonensis, A. stewartiana. The U. manubrius is the long-lived

mussel, burying itself and living for months in the banks and beds

of streams after they have dried up. The U. tuberculatus is the

purple nacre variety. These are all from Jackson and Victoria

Counties, and from Guadaloupe and Brazos Rivers, Skull, Colleto,

Spring and Garcitas Creeks, and Ripley, Bluett’s and Manchoula

Lakes.

Of the smaller species [ also received the following: Spheriuwm

elevatum, Polygyra texasiana, Praticolella berlandieriana, P. qris-

cola, Polygyra auriformis, Physa mexicana, Vitrea electrina, Bulimu-

lus schiedianus.

While at Niagara Falls in August I found Goat Island rich in

Helices. The Polygyra albolabris, large form, was particularly

noticeable. Early in the morning great fine ones were to be seen

crawling about over the leaves and in the crevices of the rocks in

the almost impenetrable shade of the thick forest that covered the

aeeHT a EO Ry

I append the list or the Unionide of the State (Illinois). Later

I will issue a printed list with localities. I am indebted for much

valuable information and assistance to Messers. Hinkley, Ferris,

Marsh and Wolf, of Illinois; to Dr. Leach, of Michigan, and the

late Dr. Stein, of Indiana. Some of the species in the list are

doubtless synonyms, as Unio zigzag and U. donaciformis, U. occidens

108 THE NAUTILUS.

and U. ventricosus and some others. But as the authorities have

not agreed on this matter, I have included them as separate species.

(As Dr. Strode will issue a complete printed list of the Unionide

in some other form, the list as added to his report is not reproduced

here.—M. B. W.)

NOTES AND NEWS.

A LarGce Dacapop.—I have been greatly interested in an im-

mense Cephalopod which came ashore about five miles south of Jack

Mound, Anastatia Island. Only the stumps of the tentacles were

left, as it had been dead for, perhaps, days. The body proper

measured 18 feet in length, 11 feet in breadth and 33 feet thick

above the sand as it lay soft and flattened on the beach. Of course

there is no way of knowing how long the tentacles were, but, judg-

ing from the size of the body, the arms must have been of enormous

length. DreWirr Wess, M. D., St. Augustine, Fla.

ARMATURE OF Hexicoip LAND SHELLS.-—Under this title Mr.

G. K. Gude, of London, is contributing a series of important articles

to Science Gossip. The Indian genera Corilla and Plectopylis have

thus far been discussed, their peculiar internal barriers figured, and

the specific characters more fully worked out than in any former

publication. In the first paper (September, 1896) a new species of

Corilla, C. Frye Gude is described, and the armature of C. hum-

berti Brot for the first time figured. A key to the species of Corilla

is given in the second paper; and in the third, which has just ap-

peared (November, 1896), the discussion of Plectopylis is com-

menced. The work promises to be very valuable to Helicologists,

and we hope that Mr. Gude will succeed in procuring a sufficient

number of specimens to make it complete.

Sap DratH OF AN ORIENTAL By HavioricrpE.—In the Novem-

ber Popular Science Monthly, Margaret Wentworth Leighton relates

that while she was living in San Francisco, “ A Chinamen went out

on the rocks at low tide to gather some [Haliotis]. As he at-

tempted to wrench one from its home his hand was caught between

shell and rock, and so firmly held by the animal that he could not

escape the rising tide and was drowned.” West coast collectors -

should take warning. Don’t fool with Haliotis cracherodii without

having by you a crowbar or at least an ax, lest you should perish

miserably like this child-like and bland Celestial.

Vue Naeerivus.

Vou. X. FEBRUARY, 1897. No. 10

ON THE GENERIC POSITION OF BULIMUS GALERICULUM MOUSS.

BY H. A. PRESBRY.

This species was described by Mousson in his Land- und Stisswasser-

Mollusken von Java, 1849, p. 34, from near Pardana, Java, from a

single specimen collected by Zollinger. In von Martens’ edition of

Die Heliceen the species is placed in Geotrochus, with the Cingalese

forms later referred to Beddomea. Pfeiffer in his arrangement of

the land snails in Malak. Blitter for 1855, p. 162, makes galericu-

lum the sole species of a new section of Bulimi, Pseusopartula.

The name he later corrects to Pseudopartula. In the Nomenclator

Hel. Viv. he includes with galericulum in Pseudopartula (which is

here made a subsection of Geotrochus), the New Caledonian species

grouping around B. sinistrorsus Desh.

It is evident from this that B. galericulwm is the type of Pseudo-

partula. On comparison with Ariophanta dohertyt Aldr., I find that

that species also belongs to the same group ; and here likewise must

be placed Helix nasuta Metc., which has the same conchological

features. As to the systematic place of Pseudopartula, I am in

doubt. In the absence of information upon the soft anatomy, the

group might be placed either next to Papwina in Helicide, or in the

Bulimulide or the Zonitide, although it is evident that it has no

affinity with the typical Ariophantas. Conchologically, it is well-

characterized by the trochiform, sinistral, obliquely perforate shell ;

thin in texture, milky subtranslucent, the surface with fine spiral

incised strie, apex smooth and blunt, aperture extremely oblique

and with well-reflexed peristome. The species are:

110 THE NAUTILUS.

1. PSEUDOPARTULA GALERICULUM (Mouss.). Moll. Java, p. 34,

pl. 3 fig. 5.

la. PSEUDOPARTULA GALERICULUM var. GEDEANA (Bttg. MS.).

More elongate with the peripheral angle subobsolete. Alt. 193,

diam. 12 mm.

2. PSEUDOPARTULA DOHERTY! (Aldrich). Nautilus, VI, p. 90,

pl. 2, f.1, 2. Sumatra.

3. PSEUDOPARTULA NasuTA (Metc.). Man. Conch. (2), I, p.

21, pl. 3, f.42. Borneo.

For the group of B. singularis, sinistrorsus, turgidulus, ete., Mon-

trouzier’s name DRAPARNAUDIA may be used.

TIMOTHY ABBOTT CONRAD.

Born in Trenton, N. J., June 21st, 1803, died in the same city,

August 9th, 1877.

To most conchological students, and especially to those interested

in Cretaceous and Tertiary shells, the name of Timothy Abbott Con-

rad must be more or less familiar; and yet few, perhaps, are aware

of the labor performed by him in searching the tombs of long van-

ished species, and presenting to the world in a series of papers the

story of their origin, development and final extinction.

In this work he was one of the foremost America pioneers, and

doubtless, the very first to note, from careful observation of their

molluscan forms, the absolute relationship of the several outcropping

Cretaceous beds ranging from northern New Jersey to southern

Alabama. Nor was he less successful regarding recent species,

since very many of these, native to the East and West coasts of

America, were first studied, figured, and described by him, his skill

in drawing being no less remarkable than his talent for investiga-

tion.

Personally he was a man of plain appearance, exceeding shy and

sensitive, but withal a “ good hater” and a true friend. Much of

his time was devoted to literary pursuits other than scientific, and

there are still extant a few copies of his poems, many of which show

superior merit both in construction and sentiment.

Owing to failing health for several years preceding his death, he

was often subjected to attacks of mental and physical depression,

and it was in relation to this fact that the subjoined verses were

THE NAUTILUS. 111

written and addressed to him. The present time, when renewed in-

terest in Conrad and his labors has lead to the republication of his

chief works, seems an appropriate occasion for their presentation.

TO TIMOTHY ABBOTT CONRAD,

Poet and Scientist.

Oft as the sons of Greece and Rome

Returned victorious from afar,

Their tyrants shouted ‘‘ Welcome home !”’

The while they shared the spoils of war.

It mattered not that other lands

To yield them wealth must lie in chains ;

And naught, forsooth, were crimsoned hands,

So other’s hearts impressed the stains.

But where are now those soldiers brave,

Both they who lost and they who won?

They sleep forgotten in the grave,

Their names and nations dead and gone.

Not so have slept the gems of thought

Born unto men far down the years ;

These live—while deeds of valor wrought

In battle have dissolved in tears.

The world indeed has wiser grown

Since Error’s clouds such shadows cast ;

And few now dare to build a throne

Upon the ruins of the past.

*‘Grim visaged war,’’ rapine and strife,

May clutch awhile their less’ning lease ;

But knowledge is the soul of life,

And knowledge hails the reign of Peace.

To force of brutes, whose right is might,

Eternal thought has ceased to yield ;

The Day has dawned that rules the Night ;

Fair Science now commands the field.

With valiant hearts, and lips comprest,

Her sons are wheeling into line,

And woe betide the sable crest

Of Error when their strokes combine.

No nobler chief their legions know

Than thou, whose victories I sing;

No prouder wreath can men bestow

Than round thy memory will cling.

As bard or sage thou art the peer

Of men embalmed in storied song,

Who, holding truth and virtue dear,

Both lived the right and scorned the wrong.

Upon the fairest diadems

Of Poesy thy name is east;

And, grayen on Creation’s gems,

Thy fame will live while ages last.

112 THE NAUTILUS.

Will live in myriad laurels won

From sands, and marls, and strata old,

And shine as brightly as the sun

In medals wrought from mental gold.

Long o’er thy path may honors shed

Their cheering rays, and may the years,

As on they come with gladsome tread,

Bring smiles to thee in lieu of tears.

And when at last thy life shall glide

Beyond the outer rim of Time,

May heaven’s gates swing open wide

In welcome to its joys sublime.

JOHN FORD.

Philadelphia, Fanuary, 1873.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. }

In conformity with Art. V of the Constitution of our Chapter the

election of President and General Secretary occurred on the last

Wednesday in December at the home of the latter. All members

residing in Southern California were invited to be present. The

Hon. Delos Arnold presided in the necessary absence of the presi-

dent. The votes were canvassed, and the following were declared

elected.

President, Professor Josiah Keep, Mills College, California.

General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson, University, Los

Angelos Co., California.

The Executive Committee consists of the President, General

Secretary and one other member (Art. IV). The Hon. Delos Arnold

has been appointed a member of the Committee.

The following have been appointed Secretaries of the various

Sections:

Section A.—Marine Shells of the West Coast, Prof. Keep, Mills

College, Cal.

Section B.—Marine Shells of the East Coast, Mrs. E. P. Went-

worth, Portland, Maine.

Section C.—Land Shells east of the Rocky Mts, Mr. James

Lemon, Ontario, Canada. :

Section D.—Fresh Water Shells east of the Rocky Mts., Dr. Wm.

S. Strode, Lewistown, III.

Section E.—Land and Fresh- Water Shells west of the Rocky Mts.

(Secretary not yet chosen).

Section F.—Fossil Shells, Hon. Delos Arnold, Pasadena, Califor-

nia.

Section: G.—Juvenile Section, Mrs. M. P. Olney, Spokane, Wash.

Section H.—Microscopic Shells, Mrs. T. 8. Oldroyd, Los Angelos,

Cal.

THE NAUTILUS. 113

Section I.—Marine Shells of the Southeastern Coast, Mr. J. J.

White, Rockledge, Fla.

Mr. J. J. White, the popular proprieter of White’s Cottage, Rock-

ledge, Fla., makes the following generous offer to our chapter mem-

bers. He will send Strombus pugilis or Cardium isocardia, or both

if desired, to any member of the Chapter who will send stamps for

their postage. This offer holds good until his stock of them is ex-

hausted.

The name and address of a new member, Miss Lena L. Perrine,

B. A., Valley City, N. D., was unavoidably crowded out of the Jan-

uary issue of Tor NAvTILUs.

MY SNAILERY.

[Report of MissC. Soper. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea Concho logical

Chapter for 1895. ]

Partly from choice, partly from necessity, I have followed the

suggestion given by one of the members in last year’s “ Transactions,”

and have studied the shell life found in my “ain countree,” and I

want to tell some of the members who live far from the sea-shore,

what delightful possibilities there are collecting and studying shells

at home.

With the exception of a couple of weeks spent at Santa Barbara

last summer, I have had no opportunity for collecting ocean shells,

and as my “ finds,” at that place were very meagre, being confined

to some live Chama exogyra, and a queer little slipper shell, I should

have no report to give were it not for my family of snails, which I

have had for nearly a year.

Last February, I found in an old cactus stump near Gabriel about

120 dead specimens of Helix tudiculata—7 or 8 large ones, the re-

mainder being above a half of an inch in diameter. One or two

small live ones were found, and they were treasured carefully in an

old flower pot which was kept in a saucer of water. A little later

the sexton of the cemetery, whose interest I had enlisted, found

for me a fine large specimen of H. tudiculata near one of the hy-

drants. This was a large addition to my small family, which had

already become the object of a great deal of attention from myself

and others. * * * In March, in company with a friend, I went to

the Arroyo Seco, near Pasadena, in search of helices. My friend

had found their home one day when she was digging ferns, and

learning of my desire to find some live snails, kindly piloted me to

the place.

114 THE NAUTILUS.

We found 20 or more, nearly all full grown of H. tudiculata and

H. Traskii. Right here let me say that I think snails display exqui-

site taste in their choice of a home, at least some varieties do.

IT am as much or more interested in photography than I am in

conchology and I have found that the haunts of these humble creat-

ures are nearly always in spots that delight the heart of a photo-

grapher. Pretty shady nooks, old gnarled trees and stumps, fern

lined—which by the way, might contain water snails—broken down

fences, and, overgrown hedges, are places equally attractive to the

conchologist and the “ disciple of the tripod.” I cannot think of two

studies that can be pursued more harmoniously than conchology and

photography.

I have yet to experience the pleasure of a trip to the seaside with

my camera and shell basket.

But, to return to the snails. The flower pot besides being too

small was not a very satisfactory place for them. In some way, they

would manage to span the distance between the pot and the edge

of the dish which was kept full of water, as a means of keeping them

at home, and, some of them were constantly escaping. I procured a

large cheese box, filled it with leaf-mold, planted several varieties of

ferns in it, transferred my snails to their new home.

In order to keep them there, I put around the box which I had

first placed on another box to make it higher, a fence of wire netting

about three feet high, and, far enough from the box, so that Mr.

Snail could not get out without crawling down to the floor and then

up the screen—a feat which only a very few have accomplished.

Before I got this safeguard I had many long searches for miscreant

members, under the bed, and similar places.

But, in spite of their roving disposition, they seemed fairly com-

fortable and happy, sleeping mostly during the day-time, and for-

aging at night. They ate a great deal of bread and lettuce, and the

ferns shared with them the frequent showers of water which they

received.

As has already been hinted, this snailery of mine is kept in my

bedroom and I have spent many hours late at night and early in the

morning, as well as during the day, watching its interesting inhab-

itants.

They are very particular about their personal appearance when

they are not hibernating, keeping themselves, or rather their shells,

bright and clean by “ mouthing” them all over, I believe I have

sometimes seen them performing that office for one another.

THE NAUTILUS. 115

Early in May they began to lay eggs—depositing them mostly

in a little hole and covering them with earth, although some were

apparently indifferent about the matter. The eggs of H. Traskii were

somewhat smaller than those of H. tudiculata, and resembled very

much, in size, shape and color, homeopathic pills. They hatched in

about 3 weeks, the baby snails seeming to know their way out of the

ease or shell. Is it not probable this forms the first meal ?

The tiny things did not live very long, and I could not notice any

perceptible growth. The conditions were not favorable, I suppose.

Early in the Summer the old snails began to go into Summer

quarters, and they were soon all asleep except my dear, little glossy-

brown Glyptostoma. I had found him in Santa Anita cafion. He

kept watch all summer over the other sleepers. He would sometimes

disappear for a week at a time—buried in the ground, but I have

never seen him attach himself by an epiphram to the sides of the

box as the others do.

All Summer they remained impervious to the freqent sprinklings

which they received, but when the first rain came one night in early

November, four or five of them woke up and began to investigate

matters. ‘They seemed to appreciate some bread and lettuce, but

went to sleep again during the dry weather which followed.

Each rain brought some of them to life, and during a long and

recent rain, nearly every one of them “ came to.”

A few of them have died since awakening out of their sleep, but

I think their time had come, for they were regular old patriarchs.

I have not noticed any addition to the growth of the larger ones, but

the smaller ones especially little “Glyp,” have made quite an addi-

tion to their houses. The newly formed shell looks soft and is

almost transparent.

Perhaps I will tire those who know all about raising snails, by my

long description, but, I hope there will be some to whom my report

will be of interest, and who will find as much pleasure and profit in

in a Snailery as I have found.

COMMUNICATION.

To all readers of THE NAvuTILus, the editorial note on the first

page of the January number suggests the possibility that the pleas-

ant monthly visits of this modest but valuable little journal may stop

with the current volume. Are we as conchologists going to allow

116 THE NAUTILUS.

this to happen? We have the cheerful assurance of the editors that:

they are willing to do their part, but it remains for us to do ours.

No steam engine can be run without steam, no matter how faithfully

the engineer may polish the metal work and oil the bearings. And

let me add that no journal can maintain its existence without the

expenditure of hard cash, as well as careful thought and labor on

the part of the editors. To be sure, in the present instance the cash.

is the smaller part of the outlay, but some one must furnish it.

Tuer Navriwuvs is the only journal in the country devoted wholly

to the interests of conchologists, and whose columns are open to our

notes and exchanges. It rests with us, the conchologists of the

country, to help the NauTi.us into deep water. The subscription

price is a trifling amount and surely we receive far more in return.

I for one shall miss the Naurivus if it is discontinued and I know

that others will. Let us pay up if we have not already done so and

get our friends to subscribe as well. W.J. BR:

Oakland, Cal., Jan. 6, 1897.

IN MEMORIAM—JOHN H. CAMPBELL.

It is with feelings of regret and sorrow that we record the death

of our late fellow conchologist Mr. John H. Campbell, which oceur-

red on January 15th. As is known to most of our readers, Mr.

Campbell was the first President of the American Association of

Conchologists, and it was mainly owing to his energetic nature that.

the Association, during the time of his activity, exercised a wide in-

fluence and stimulated many naturalists to more earnest study of

conchological subjects.

For several years Mr. Campbell made a special study of the

Cypreide, and his collection of these ocean gems is doubtless the

largest and finest in America.

Mr. Campbell was born in Philadelphia, March 31st, 1847, grad-

uated from the Central High School in Feb., 1864, and admitted to

the Philadelphia Bar, April 4th, 1868. . He was elected a delegate

at large to the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention and served

throughout the sessions of that body in 1872-3. In 1873 he became

identified with the Catholic Total Abstinence Union, and for eleven

years was the honored President of the Philadelphia branch of that

organization. When the magnificent fountain erected by the society,

largely through his efforts, was unveiled in Fairmount Park, July

4th, 1877, it was he who made the presentation address.

THE NAUTILUS. EL,

Mr. Campbell was also a member of several other prominent asso-

ciations, among which may be mentioned the Academy of Natural

Sciences, Philadelphia Atheneum, and Pennsylvania Historical So-

ciety. He was the author of several valuable papers, but perhaps

the chief literary work of his life is the History of the Hibernian

Society, a noble volume published about four years ago,

To his bereaved family we present an assurance of our deepest

sympathy, trusting that He who tempers the winds to the shorn lamb

will comfort and cheer their sorrowing hearts. J. F.

NOTES AND NEWS.

PLANORBIS NAUTILEUS L. 1y AmMERicA.—The occurrence of this

well-known European species in the United States has hitherto rested

upon its discovery at Ann Arbor, Michigan, by De Tarr and Beecher,

who described it as new under the name of Planorbis costatus.

Several years ago, among some Vallonia pulchella Mill., purport-

ing to come from Eaton, N. Y., a single specimen of this Planorbis

was found. The collector of these specimens was unknown, so that

no further information was obtainable, and, in view of the possibil-

ity of some accidental mixture of specimens, I have refrained from

making a record based on a single example, which might be erron-

eous. Recently, however, I have received specimens of this species

about which there can be no doubt, and which, taken in connection

with the Michigan locality, render the New York citation fairly

probable. Mr. O. A. Nylander, of Caribou, Me., is the fortunate

discoverer of the new locality for this beautiful little species. He

_writes that he found it in Barren Brook, Aroostook County, Maine,

in three or four inches of water under logs and bark associated with

Planorbis parvus, bicarinatus and trivolvis. It hardly seems possible

that in this locality, so remote from foreign commerce, the species

could have been introduced by human agency. And in this con-

nection it is a fact of some significance, that in the same brook is

found a small Pisidiwm, which Dr. Sterki says is apparently identi-

eal with the European P. milium Held., and that the only other

known American locality for that species is northern Michigan.

It is possible that the small size of the shell and its superficial re-

semblance to a very young Planorbis exacutus Say, has caused it to

be overlooked by collectors, and that it will be found to have sub-

stantially the same range over the northern part of this continent as

other cireumpolar species Bryant WALKER, Detroit, Mich.

118 THE NAUTILUS.

A New Variety oF HELICINA PLICATULA Prr.—ZH. plicatula

v. christophori. Like plicatula in sculpture, but the umbilical re-

gion is decidedly concave, excavated around the smaller callus,

which does not fill it as it does in plicatula. Color uniform dark

reddish .(like H. occulta Say). This very pretty Helicina was col-

lected by Dr. Wm. H. Rush, U.S. N., at the island of St. Kitts.

A large number of specimens were taken. It differs constantly from

HT, plicatula of Guadelupe in the particulars mentioned.

H. A. Pilsbry.

SourH AMERICAN VoLuTID&.—Dr. H. y. Ihering gives a valu-

able review of the Volutes of this region in the July-August num-

ber of the Nachrbl. D. M. Gesellschaft. Critical notes on the

classification may be summed up with the conclusion that the group

is a very natural one, with transition-forms between the extremes.

v. Ihering believes V. ferussaci to be a variety of V. brasiliana.

The tertiary species of Chili are believed to be Cymbiola (Scaphelia)

forms, and two new species are described from the Eocene St. Cruz

formation, of which one, V. wmeghinoi, is stated to be certainly the

ancestor of the recent V. brasiliana. It should be mentioned here

that the Eocene age of the Santa Cruz beds is doubtful. They are

more likely Miocene. The Cymbiolas are stated to have arisen from

Alcithoé-like progenitors, but whether these belong to the Volutoid

or the Seaphelloid series as defined in Dall’s pioneer study, remains

undecided.

CAMPELOMA DECISUM Say, REVERSED.— A series of this species,

collected by Mr. W. W. Jefferis, of Philadelphia, at Fort Edward

on the Hudson River, N. Y., has been carefully examined for me

by Miss Jennie E. Letson for sinistral specimens, with the following

results: Out of 681 specimens, mainly adult, but including those

from one-fourth grown, up, none were sinistral. Out of the 410

shells of the uterine young 3 were sinistral, slightly over 0°73 per

cent. Probably all who have collected Campelomas have noticed

the greater proportion of sinistral examples among the young shells.

This doubtless indicates that the reversed condition is an unfavor-

able one for maturation. The proportion of sinistral adult shells in

this locality must be very much smaller, judging by the negative

result obtained ; but, of course, data are lacking for its determina-

tion.—H. A. P.

Hawauan LAnp Motuusks.—Mr. E. R. Sykes has given descrip-

tions of new species of Macrochlamys, Endodonta and Achatinellide

in Proc. Malae. Soc., II, pt. 3. The status of the name Microcystis

THE NAUTILUS. 119

Beck is elucidated ; the conclusion is reached that ornatella Beck

should be considered type of Microcystis. The small one-colored

Polynesian Zonitoid forms, generally placed in Microcystis, are refer-

red to the genus Macrochlamys, Bens.

Youne PyramrpuLa srricosa.—During the past August I

cleaned 50 P. strigosa and found in each of them from 6 to 15 young

shells. Have cleaned hundreds before and never found but one.—

Mary P. Olney, Spokane, Wash.

NoTE ON THE GENERA OF S. AMERICAN AMNICOLID&.—In writ-

ing upon this subject in the November Nauriuus, the papers by

Dr. H. von Ihering on Die Gattung Paludestrina (Nachrbl. D. Mal.

Gesellschaft, VII, 1895, p. 122), and Zur Kenntniss der Gattung Lith-

oglyphus (Malak. Bl. VII, 1885, p. 96) should have been mentioned,

as they are the most important contributions to our knowledge of the

anatomy of these forms yet made. In regard to the nomenclature

adopted by von Ihering, one criticism may be made: he states that

peristomata Orb. is type of Paludestrina, “ weil d’Orbigny nicht nur

in seiner Voyage Am. Mér., sondern auch 1835 im Mag. de Zool. den

Namen Paludestrina verwandt und dabeials erste Art P. peristomata

beschreiben hat.” This is not the case, for in Magazin de Zoologie

d’Orbigny describes the South American forms under the generic

name Paludina, and does not mention Paludestrina, which was first

brought forward in the Voyage. As there stated, the type must be

“Paludina” acuta, of France. Von Ihering follows Fischer in the

wrong spelling “ Littorinida” (as though derived from Littorina) of

Eydoux and Souleyet’s Littoridina; a name evidently intended asa

hybrid of Littorina and Paludina.—H. A. P.

ANATOMY OF SuLCOBASIS.—Messrs. William Moss and Wilfred

Mark Webb have examined the genitalia and dentition of two species

of this subgenus, Chloritis (Sulcobasis) stirophora and C. (S.) rehsei,

recording their results in The Journal of Malacology V, no. 3. They

found both to possess a short spur, in addition to the flagellum, at the

point of junction of vas deferens with epiphailus, and there was no

penis-papilla, but the walls of its lumen are wrinkled. The top of the

tail in stirophora has a median row of large tubercles, only part of

which are cleft, instead of a continuous impressed line asin Chloritis

species previously described. The spiral sulci, which gave name to

the section, do not occur on the base of the shell in C. stirophora, and

are, therefore, not characteristic of the group.

120 THE NAUTILUS.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

A BrotoeicaL EXAMINATION OF LAKE Mrcuraavy, ete. (Bull.

Mich, Fish Comm., No. 6). A brief resumé of the malacological

results in the vicinity of Charlevoix, Mich., by Mr. Bryant Walker,

is given on pp. 96-99.

Tur Mouiusks AND BRACHIOPODS OF THE BAHAMA EXPEDI-

TION OF THE STATE University oF Iowa (Nat. Hist. Bull. 8. U.

I., 1V, No.1). By W.H. Dall. New forms are Murex nuttingi,

Cerion niteloides, Liotia centrifuga, Carditella smithii, the latter from

Bermuda. Cerion mumiola Pfr. is recorded from Tortugas, “ prob-

ably the result of transportation by sea drift. If living at Tortugas

it would add a new species to the fauna of the U.S.” The new

species are figured.

On THE CorRRECT PosITION OF THE APERTURE IN PLANORBIS,

by F. C. Baker (Cincinnati Soc. N. H., XIX, p. 45). By the

examination of young specimens and broken adults, Baker concludes

that all the larger species examined are sinistral, the small ones

dextral ; these terms being used in their old senses. The late work

of Fischer and others on cognate inquiries is not referred to.

Tur ANATOMY OF SPHHRIUM suLCATUM Lam., by Gilman A.

Drew (Proce. Iowa Acad. Sci., 1895). A thorough and useful paper,

illustrated by plates of details and a reconstructed figure from sec-

tions. No useful abstract can be made; it may be mentioned, how-

ever, that a vestige of the byssal gland persists in the adult. The

typhlosole is not strongly developed. Sphzerium is hermaphroditie;

but the ova and sperm are produced by distinct follicles, the ova-

bearing being fewer and among the most posterior. A useful but

not exhaustive bibliography is given.

CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD A LIST OF PAPERS RELATING TO THE

NON-MARINE MonuuscA oF THE HAwAtiANn IsLanps, by E. R.

Sykes (privately printed). Includes scattered papers, other than

general or monographic works, and within this scope seems to be a

nearly or quite complete bibliography. In a footnote on p. 5 Mr.

Sykes calls attention to an error in a date given in the Proceedings

of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, but in so doing

commits an equal error himself, misquoting the date actually given

in the Proceedings.—H. A. P.

THE NAUTILUS, X. PLATE I.

1, 2, 5, Unio Superiorensis Marsh.

3, 4, ‘* Askewi Marsh.

Varn N@orilwus.

Vot. X. MARCH, 1897. No. 11

ILLUSTRATIONS OF NEW UNIONIDE.

Plate I, figs. 1.2, 5, Unio superiorensis Marsh. For description

see Nauritus for January, 1897, p. 103.

Figs. 3, 4, Unio Askewi Marsh. Description in Navrixus for

December 1896, p. 91.

Figures are natural size. The specimens illustrated have been

placed by Mr. Marsh in the Museum of the Academy of Natural,

- Sciences of Philadelphia.

LIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED AT BAHIA, BRAZIL, BY DR. H. VON

IHERING.

IDENTIFIED BY W. H. DALL.

The following species of shells were collected under the direction

of Dr. H. von Ihering at Bahia, except when otherwise stated, and

were forwarded to the National Museum for identification. This

list includes only the doubtful species which could not be named

with the literature available at the San Paulo Museum. Dr. von

Thering will eventually publish a complete list of the Brazilian coast

fauna; meanwhile these identifications may be useful for reference.

The remarkable thing about the collection, made 500 miles south of

Cape San Roque and 2,200 miles beyond the mouth of the Amazon,

is its typically Antillean character, resembling the fauna of the

Bahamas. This indicates (if there be no uncertainty as to the

122 THE NAUTILUS.

provenance of the specimens) that the present distribution of the

coast fauna antedates the present volume of the Amazonian dis-

charge, since it would seem incredible that so many thoroughly

littoral species should be able to cross the present area of some hun-

dreds of miles of fresh water in either direction. A few species

marked with an asterisk are inserted on Dr. y. [hering’s authority.

Melampus flavus Gmel.

Bulla striata Brug.

Terebra cinerea Born,San Paulo.

Conus verrucosus Hwass.

Conus mus Hwass.

Conus daucus Hwass.

Drillia albinodata Reeve.

Drillia albocincta C. B. Ads.

Mangilia limonitella Dall.

Olivella jaspidea Gmel.

Olivella nivea Gmel.

Marginella bullata.*

Marginella largillierti.*

Volvarina fusea Sby.

‘Mitra nodulosa Gmel.

Turbinella ovoidea Kien.*

Fasciolaria aurantiaca Lam.*

Leucozonia cingulifera Lam.

Pisania pusio var. janeirensis

Orb.

Tritonidea tincta Conr. (!)

Nassa vibex Say, Rio.

Nassa ambigua Mtg.

Anachis albella C. B. Ads.

Anachis catenata Sby.

Nitidella nitidula Shy.

Columbella mercatoria L.

Murex pomum Gmel.*

Coralliophila galea Ch.

Sistrum nodulosum C. B. Ads.

Purpura hemastoma Lam., typi-

cal, Rio Grande do Sul.

Purpura heemastoma yar. trini-

tatensis Guppy.

Janthina communis Lam.

Janthina exigua, Bahia.

Tritonium tritonis var. nobile

Conr.

Tritonium femorale L.

Tritonium chlorostomum Lam.

Lambidium oniscus L.

Ranella ponderosa Reeve.

Cassis tuberosa.*

Dolium perdix* L., replacing D.

galea of San Paulo.

Trivia suffusa Gray.

Cypreea cinerea Gmel.

Strombus pugilis L., Bahia and

southward.

Strombus costatus Gmel. (not

south of Bahia, v. Ihr.).

Strombus gallus L. (not south of

Bahia, v. [hr.).

Cerithium literatum Born.

Cerithium algicola C. B. Ads. ?

Cerithium atratum var. varia-

bile? Ads.

Modulus modulus L.

Siphonium nebulosum Dillw.

Vermicularia spirata Phil.

Petaloconchus irregularis Orb.

Crepidula plana Say.

Amalthea antiquata L.

Capulus incurvatus Gmel.

Polynices porcellana Orb.

Polynices lactea Gmel.

Polynices caudidissima Reel.,*

replacing the next.

THE NAUTILUS.

Polynices brunnea Link., San

Paulo.

Polynices rufilabris Rve.*

Natica canrena Lam.

Natica pusilla Say (1).

Natica sulcata Lam.

Acmea onychina Gld.

Phasianella minuta Anton.

Uvanilla americana Gmel.

Astralium tuber L.

Omphalius hotessierianus Orb.

Calliostoma jucundum Gld.

Calliostoma jujubinum Gmel.

Subemarginula octoradiata

Gmel.

Fissurella rosea Gmel.

Fissuridea alternata Say.

Plicatula ramosa Lam.

Spondylus spathuliferus var. in-

ermis.

Pecten ornatus Lam.

Mytilus exustus Lam.

Botulina opifex Say.

Area jamaicensis Gmel.

Arca imbricata.*

Mactrella Iheringi n. sp.

123

Arca auriculata.*

Area candida Ch., San Paulo.

Lucina costata Conr.

Chama congregata Conr.

Cardium levigatum L.

Venus pectorina Lam. (also 8.

Paulo).

Venus cribraria Conr.

Venus circinata Born.

Venus subrostrata Lam. (beaui

Recl.).

Cytherea varians Wood.

Dosinia concentrica Born, S.

Paulo.

Lucinopsis tenuis Recl., 8. Paulo.

Tagelus mollis Gould, Rio

Grande do Sul.

Tagelus gibbus Spengl. (+ pla-

tensis Orb.).

Macoma constricta Brug.

Mactrella Iheringi Dall, n. sp.,

San Paulo.

Semele reticulata Gmel.

Bouchardia rosea Mawe (Rio ?).

Shell thin, white, inflated, with small and prominent beaks, ex-

ternally with fine concentric, and a few irregular, radial lines, and

a silky-yellowish epidermis, the beaks median, smooth, with an obso-

lete posterior keel, the lunular region widely and deeply impressed ;

hinge of the subgenus, the pallial sinus angular, reaching to the

vertical of the beaks. Lon. 65:0; alt. 52:0; diam. 32°0 mm.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

Volume 8 of the Transactions has begun its annual round of the

Chapter members. It will be some time before every member has

124 THE NAUTILUS.

received the book, but extracts from it will be found in this depart-

ment of THe Nautitus from month to month. Our Chapter can-

not afford to do without THe Nautius.

On page 112, February number, under “ Section C” the name of

the city (Toronto) was omitted in Mr. Lemon’s address.

Members of our Chapter interested in West Coast mollusks, will

find Dr. Wm. H. Dall’s bulletin on “ Diagnosis of New Species of

Mollusks from the West Coast of America” valuable. It contains

27 new species and 2 new genera. The shells were collected by the

Albatross from points as far north as Tillamook, Washington, to the

Gulf of Panama, excepting one species dredged off the Argentine

coast. In this species Philobrya, instead of the more familiar Bryo-

phila is used for the genus, the reason for this is given. A Nucula

is described as being “ one of the largest known.” Two orbicular

species of Periploma are described. Mention of this bulletin will be

found in the August number of THE Nautivus.

Another publication of the National Museum is Charles T. Simp-

son’s comprehensive work upon the Naiades, entitled “The Classifi-

cation and Geographical Distribution of the Pearly Freshwater

Mussels.” The title will convey to our members some idea of its

scope. The genus Margaritana is placed with the genus Unio. A

comparison of Unio pressus and Margaritana rugosa is presented.

The various areas of the Naiades are given, Europe, Asia, Africa,

America and the islands of the seas, also a map showing distribution.

The Geological age of Unios is noticed, and the bulletin contains

many references to the books and pamphlets written on the pearly

freshwater mussels. It is a valuable contribution to molluscan lit-

erature.

A TRAY OF SHELLS FROM DENMARK.

(Extract from the report of the President, Prof. Josiah Keep. From the Transac-

tions of the Isaac Lea Chapter for 1896.

(In the report of the President, Professor Keep, he has given

minute instructions in reference to an exchange of United States

shells for European forms by an illustration. He tells the members

of our Chapter how he sent some West Coast Mollusks to a gentle-

man in Copenhagen, the return of his box filled with foreign shells

THE NAUTILUS. 25

from the North Sea, the value of Latin and Latinized terms in

nomenclature the world over, and of the difference of geographical

names written in Danish. This article is also illustrated with pen

and ink drawings of the shells mentioned in his report. These are

are all omitted from the following paper. M. B. W.).

Now as to the shells themselves. There were no large specimens,

the largest bivalve being a fat horse mussel Modiola modiolus var.

umbilicata, about four inches long. The shell is white and thin, the

epidermis brown and glossy, with a tendency to become hairy near the

front of the shells. It greatly resembles the Modiolas of our coast.

Cyprina islandica, three inches long, is a nearly circular bivalve,

with strong hinge teeth and external ligament, and in shape it

greatly resembles an ordinary quahog. The whole exterior, how-

ever, is covered with a black epidermis which makes it look like a

monster Cyclas from our brooks.

Of gasteropod shells the largest is the historic Fusus antiquus, the

“waring buckie” that Woodward speaks of, which used to be em-

ployed asa lamp, the slender canal being just fitted for a little

wick. This Fusus is an elegant shell, tapering equally at both ends,

the whorls well rounded, and the surface divided into minute cheeks.

It seems like an old friend from beyond the sea, and tells the story

of children at play in the little Shetland cottages, listening to the

mysterious roar of the sea in the shell, while the strange Jamp sheds

a faint ray over the humble scene. Happy shall we be if we make

our specimens fell us stories of the land across the seas from which

they come !

Of Pectens there were five species. P. opercularis a round regu-

lar shell, white within, marked by about twenty ribs, and the sur-

face cut into myriads of little projections, like the teeth on a cross

cut file. P. varius is more one sided, like our P. hastatus. Within

the shell is of a magnificent royal purple, while the outside of its

thirty ribs is dark and dingy. Both of these species have shells

about two inches across. A smaller kind, Pecten pes-lutre, the

“otter’s foot,” has only five ribs, and they are more like waves than

typical ribs. The shells are shining white within, while the outside

is red on one valve and gray on the other.

Of Cockles there is the pretty little Cardiwm edule, strong and

smooth, and the spiny C. echinatum, about the size of a hen’s egg,

and whose ribs are set with a multitude of little sharp saw teeth.

Mya arenaria is present also, having a shell rather more dense and

126 THE NAUTILUS.

firm than those of its brothers which flourish so finely in San Fran-

cisco Bay. A slender curved specimen of Solen ensis, the length of

one’s finger, is present from its home in the sands of the “Skagen,”

while its little cousin S. pellucidus, is almost as thin and transparent

as tissue paper. Quite the opposite from this are the heavy black

shells of Astarte compressa from Greenland. This northerner seems

heavily clad to resist the waves of his native region.

The principal limpet is Patella vulgata, a large, heavy, conical

shell, with a sharp apex and rather distinct ribs. There is also an

oblong sea weed limpet, He/cion pellucidum. Naturally you will find

Nassa reticulata present, a plump, checked shell about an inch in

length ; also that sharp corkscrew Turritella terebra. .

Macoma baltica is a thick shelled, short and stout little Dutchman,

whose interior is as rosy as the coming of dawn, and whose very red-

ness shines clear through its white exterior. There are other tellens,

small, flat and thin, also some small top-shells of which Trochus

cinerarius is chief. It is interesting to note that almost all the shells

were named by the great Linné, and we are carried back to the

cheery northland, where he explored and studied and wrote not for

his time alone, but for future generations as well.

Of freshwater shells there is the great Planorbis corneus, an inch

and a quarter across, the little button-like P. umbilicatus, the thin-

shelled, inflated Limnea ovata and that odd little three-cornered

mussel Dreissena polymorpha. This shell is shaped like a large

beechnut, and from one side comes out a byssus of fine black silk.

Note what Woodward says of this little creature that has strayed

from its home in southern Russia, and has even entered the iron

water pipes of London.

Helix pomatia, the great edible snail, adds two large shells to the

collection. I have just obtained some live specimens of this species

which were imported by San Francisco grocers, and intend to try to

domesticate them. My Danish collection contains several other spe-

cies of Helix, e. g., the well known garden snails, H. nemoralis and

H. hortensis,so common in England. There are also several small

forms, like Helix hispida and minute kinds like Zua lubrica.

Finally there are specimens of the singular genus Clausilia, with

their long slender, many whorled little shells, whose apertures are

set with teeth, as if to keep the poor little creature inside his prison

house, or more probably to keep his enemies out.

THE NAUTILUS. 127

In all, my collection contains 62 species, and as I examine them

from time to time, I not only seé many interesting shells, whose

names are all as common to the conchologist as household words, but

I am also transported in imagination back to those northern regions

whence came the early ancestors of our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

POSTAGE ON SPECIMENS OF NATURAL HISTORY.

In Tue Nautitus, Vol. VII, p. 58, September, 1893, we have

had something to say on the subject of postage on specimens of

natural history to foreign countries. We have there detailed the

efforts made by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

to obtain lower rates, explaining that the present regulations of the

Universal Postal Union permit such specimens to be mailed only at

letter rates. It is indeed true that many countries have Parcel

Posts, the charges for which are lower than those for letters. The

aim of the Academy has been to secure the adoption by the Postal

Union of a proposition offered by the U. S. Post Office Department

that specimens of natural history be admitted to the international

mails at the rates for, and under the conditions applicable to, sam-

ples of merchandise. This proposition was, however, rejected at the

last International Postal Congress of Vienna.

At the International Congress of Zoology, held at Leyden, Hol-

land, in September, 1895, Dr. Chas. Wardell Stiles, official delegate

to the U. S. Government, offered resolutions, which were subse-

quently adopted, that the Swiss Government be requested, through

its delegate to the Congress of Zoology, to propose to the next Inter-

national Postal Congress an amendment to the regulations thereof

whereby specimens of Natural History shall be carried in the mails

of the Universal Postal Union at the rates for samples of merchan-

dise ; that an appeal should be addressed to all the delegates and

members of the Congress of Zoology to bring this amendment to

the notice of their respective governments, so that those govern-

ments should instruct their delegates to the Postal Congress to act

favorably upon thesame; that copies of these resolutions be sent by

the Secretary of the Congress of Zoology to all governments forming

part of the Universal Postal Union and which were not represented

at the Congress of Zoology.

128 THE NAUTILUS.

In accordance with these resolutions, Dr. Stiles suggested to the

committee of the Academy in charge of this matter of postage that,

although it is probable that the U. 8. Government will vote in favor

of this proposed amendment, seeing that it is the same proposition

which the United States had presented at Vienna, the cause would

be helped by the Academy adopting resolutions in favor of this

proposed amendment and requesting the Postmater-General at

Washington to instruct our American delegates to vote in favor of

it.

This the Academy has done ; but other American scientific bodies

should join in the work, adopt similar resolutions and send them to

our Postmaster-General that he may know that the students of

natural history in the United States eagerly desire such a reduction

in postage rates. The next International Postal Congress meets at

Washington on the fifth of May next. The purpose of this article

is to urge all those who read it to use such means and influence as

may be at their command to help in the accomplishment of this

end,

For the guidance of those who will aid in the manner suggested,

a translation of the original French text of the amendment referred

to is as follows:

“Amendment to Article XIX (samples) 4, of the Regulations of De-

tails and Order.

5. Objects of natural history, dried or preserved animals

and plants, geological specimens, etc., of which the transmis-

sion has no commercial interest, and the packing of which

conforms to the general conditions concerning packages of

samples of merchandise.”

If this amendment be adopted by the Postal Congress, specimens

of Natural History can be sent to countries of the Universal Postal

Union at the rate of one cent for every two ounces.

IN MEMORIAM—HENRY MOORES.

It was not until recently that we learned of the death of our old

friend, Mr. Henry Moores, of Columbus, Ohio, which occurred on

October 1, 1896, in his 85th year. A correspondent of Say, Amos

Binney, Conrad, Lea, Haldeman and others, we might well say

that he is the last of the “ old school.”

THE NAUTILUS. 129

Born in Hudson, N. Y., June 13, 1812, he went to Columbus,

Ohio, in the fall of 1843. Remaining there until the following

spring, he moved to Albany, N. Y. Here he remained until Sep-

tember, 1845, when he married and returned to Columbus, residing

there continuously until his death, with the exception of a trip to

California and a year’s residence in Dayton, Ohio.

He was an earnest and enthusiastic naturalist, being interested in

both the recent and fossil forms. Mr. Moores discovered and

named the following new species of Unionide : Anodonta hockin-

gensis; A. sommersi; A. hydei; A. freidi. Dr. Lea named, in his

honor, Succinea mooresi. <A fossil erinoid, Zeocrinus mooresi W hit-

field, and a fossil bivalve from Carbon Hill, Sckizodus mooresi Mil-

ler were respectively dedicated to him.

There was also one snail discovered by him in Texas, and

named, by Mr. Binney, Helix mooreana. Some of the shells in his

collection were collected over a hundred years ago by early scien-

tists; one bears the date 1778, and many are wrapped in pieces of

newspapers dating as far back as 1850 and earlier. Like many

others, Mr. Moores caught the gold fever in 1849, and some of the

specimens in the Ohio State University Museum were collected by

him then.

His own private catalogue of species is a work of scientific

value for its accurate arrangement and modern classification.

Asa reward of his industry his cabinet contained over thirty-three

hundred species of land, fresh water and marine shells, about one

thousand species of fossils and about two hundred and fifty varieties

of minerals.

But the industry of one man may be better understood when it is

said that it took three days’ solid work for a drayman with horse

and wagon to move the collection from Mr. Moores’ former home

on W. Rich street to the University, after he had spent nearly five

weeks in packing them in boxes and preparing them for the trans-

fer. The real scientific ability of the collector is shown in the fact

that every specimen that could be labelled bore its card, giving all

data necessary for any person to take it up and study it understand-

ingly. This one feature adds more to the value of the collection

than anything else possibly can, except first-class specimens, and

those of this collection are of the best. If it were necessary to

choose between poor specimens with full and accurate data and good

ones with no labels, it is often that the scientific student would choose

130 THE NAUTILUS.

the former. But there is no need of such a choice here, for both

quality and accurate data abound, as well as quantity, giving all that

the most thorough student might require.

The purchase was made by the Ohio State University, principally

for the shells, to place them in the room for the department of

zoology, and the fossils were a secondary consideration, but when

Dr. Orton saw the fine number of specimens that were to be added

to the university collection as new species, as well as the great num-

ber of desirable duplicates, enabling numerous exchanges, he was

forced to remark, “ Oh this makes us rich. This is material that

we had not counted upon.” The assistant geologist has been busy

until the present time on the Lower Silurian specimens alone, or

only those found in the vicinity of Cincinnati, and in working over

them and cataloguing them for the museum he has entered over one

hundred species from that locality alone that had not formerly ap-

peared in the University collection. Of the Devonian fossils, found

near Columbus, there is an immense number; especially are the

fossil corals very fine and nicely cleaned, but it yet remains for

work in the near future to tell how many specimens may be found

among them that are new to the museum collection.

There is the most complete set of carboniferous specimens, from

Carbon Hill, Hocking County, O., that the world knows. It was

in this locality that Mr. Moores did most of his field work in pale-

ontology and made some of his most valuable discoveries.

But the part of the collection with which Mr. Moores has more

recently done his entire scientific work is to be found now in the de-

partment of zoology. All possible varieties of shells from all over

the world have been collected, labelled and arranged by this inde-

fatigable naturalist. These specimens vary from the beautiful pink

and green radiating “sun shell” of the Atlantic coast to the plain

and lowly house of our ordinary, slowly plodding snail, or from the

thick, glossy and bright colored shell of the tropical region to that

of the more sombre hue of the arctics.

We are indebted to the kindness of his daughter, Mrs. A. S.

Humphreys, for greater part of the above information.—C, W. J.

NOTES AND NEWS.

PLANORBIS NAUTILEUS L.—Referring to Mr. Walker’s interest-

ing notes on this species in the February number of Tar Nauriivs,

I may say that a few were taken at Hamilton, Ontario, in 1889. In

THE NAUTILUS. 131

the report of the Conchological Division of the Biological Section of

the Hamilton Association contained in the Journal and Proceedings

of the Association for the Session 1889-90, the following note on

Planor bis nautileus appears :—

Occurs in a small piece of marsh at the junction of Hamilton Bay

(Lake Ontario) and the Desjardines Canal. A very tiny shell, the

smallest water shell known to me; is hairy. The Rev. G. W. Tay-

lor in naming it states that this is identical with the English P.

nautileus. From its small size is difficult to find ; if an introduced

shell it would be interesting to know by what agency it reached its

present habitat. Do not know that it has been taken anywhere else

in North America. I found the shell among layers of dead leaves

and on the stems of reeds in a few inches of water; not many were

met with, but as it required considerable patience, especially in such

moist surroundings, special search for them was only made on one

or two occasions. The Dundes marsh is of large area, and I dare

say the species occurs throughout it—A. W. Hannan, Winnipeg,

Man.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

DRAGAGES EFFECTUES PAR L’ HIRONDELLE ET PAR LA PRIN-

CESSE-ALICE, 1888-1895, par Ph. Dautzenberg et H. Fischer (Mém.

Soe. Zool. France, 1886, pp. 104, pl. 7). An important paper on

the deep sea Gastropod fauna of the Eastern Atlantic, supple-

menting the extensive works of Jeffreys and Watson. Most of

the dredging was done around the Azores Islands, where be-

sides numerous new species of many genera, a considerable num-

ber of forms first described from the western Atlantic and Gulf of

Mexico occurred, such as Pleurotoma sigsbeet, centimata, serga,

comatropis Dall, chariessa Watson, Sitpho profundicola Verrill and

Smith, Coralliophila lactuca Dall, ete. Among the more interesting

new species described are two Mitromorphas, Kryptos elegans Jeffr.

mss., [phitus cancellatus and tenerrimus, Danilia affinis, some fine

species of Solariella and Calliostoma, a Turcicula, two Fissuriseptas,

two species of Propilidum and an Aemea (Azores, 1,385 meters!) ;

the latter probably not really belonging to this genus.

The figures are for the most part very good examples of heliotype

work, but in some cases lack clearness of detail. Messrs. Dautzen-

132 THE NAUTILUS.

berg and Fischer have left little to criticise in the text, although we

could wish that they had assorted the new Plewrotomide into sub-

generic groups.—H. A. P.

Descxrprions OF TERTIARY Fossils FROM THE ANTILLLEAN

Rearon, by R. J. Lechmere Guppy and Wm. H. Dall (Proce. U.

S. Nat. Museum, XIX, pages 303-331, Plates XX VII-XXX,

1896). Inthe preliminary remarks Dr. Dall gives stratigraphically

the source of the various fossils described. The Pliocene material

was obtained from Moen, Costa Riea. The Caroni beds of Trinidad,

the deposits at Bowden, Jamaica, and in Haiti, and the Chipola

beds of Florida which have long been referred to the Miocene, are

here placed in the Upper Oligocene, no strictly Miocene strata be-

ing recognized in the Antillean region. The Gatun beds of Con-

rad and Hill on the Panama Isthmus are Eocene, and contain a

fair proportion of the species common to the Claibornian of Ala.

and the Upper Tejon of Cal. “The list of Tertiary fossils of the

West Indian region, prepared by Mr. Guppy in 1874, comprised

some 250 species of fossil mollusks, but the fauna is much richer

than this, since in one day at the Bowden beds, Messrs. Henderson

and Simpson procured over 400 species. A significant proportion

of these appear to have survived little changed, or to be represented

by closely analogous species in the recent fauna of the West Indies.”

In this paper 43 new species are described by Mr. Guppy and 19

by Dr. Dall, besides notes on a number of well known and doubtful |

species.—C. W. J.

On THE Genus REMONDIA GABB, A GROUP OF CRETACEOUS

BrvaLvE Mo.uuusks, by Timothy W. Stanton (Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus., XTX, pages 299-301, pl. XX VI). The type of this genus is

Remondia furcata Gabb. ‘“ The genus has been recognized in the

Manuals of Conchology and Paleontology, and placed in the Tri-

goniide by Tryon, Zittel and Fischer, though the latter remarks

that it would perhaps be better placed near Astarte.” Mr. Stanton

places it in family Crassitellidze or Craesitellitidee, as the family is

now called.

New AnD Inrerestinc EocenrE MouiuuscA FROM THE GULF

Srares, by Gilbert D. Harris (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1896, pages

470-482, pls. XVIII-X XIII). This paper relates to new and in-

teresting forms in the “ Lea Collection of Eocene Mollusca ” in the

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Seventeen new spe-

cies are described and a number of specimens that are much finer

than the types, have also been figured.

em N Serius.

Vor. X. APRIL, 1897. No. 12

THE IANTHINAS.

BY CHARLES T. SIMPSON.

The Ianthinas, or violet snails, live gregarious in the open seas of

the tropics, and float by means of a raft composed of vesicles filled

with air, which cannot be withdrawn into the shell. Sometimes

they are carried by winds and currents into the seas of temperate

regions, and their shells have been found along the shores of our

own country as far north as New England. I had collected for

many years and in many countries, but had never found, perhaps,

more than a dozen dead, broken shells. In January, 1883, I was on

a large schooner bound for Spanish Honduras, and we stopped at

Key West, where I spent one of the most delightful weeks of my life

gathering Cylindrellas, Chondropomas, Cerions, Helicina orbiculata,

and the beautiful Orthalicus, Liguus, and Bulimulus multilineatus

in the thick, thorny, tropical scrub, or Strombs and bright Tellinas

and blending Neritas and a hundred other interesting forms along

the south shore. We were to sail about noon on Sunday, but I

could not resist the temptation to take one last look at the places

where I had spent so many happy hours, so after breakfast I wan-

dered through the city and out to the beach.

Before I reached it I noticed that as far as the eye could see, it

was a inass of the most intense, glowing violet color, and on coming

up to it was astonished to find that this color came trom untold mil-

lions of Ianthina, which had been washed up in the night, for when

I had left the beach the evening before at dusk, not one was to be

seen. To say that they lined the shore gives no idea of the real

truth. Everywhere, from below low water to highest tide mark

they were piled up, in most places, over shoe-top deep, and in the

hollows of rocks one could have waded in among them up to his

knees—shell, animal and float all of a vivid purple, the richness of

134 THE NAUTILUS.

which soon fades, to a great extent, in dead shells or preserved speci-

mens. They were all dead—a kind of slimy mass—and they some-

how looked pitiful.

There had been no storm, nothing but an ordinary breeze blow-

ing up from the south, and it is probable that an immense school

had been drifted along, aud where they struck the island, some five

miles in length, every one within that distance was stranded.

I had brought no basket or sack or anything to collect in, but I

could not bear to go away and leave that vast bed of treasures with-

out taking at least a few with me. I searched in vain for a box or

tin can or a piece of canvas, but could find absolutely nothing, not

even a scrap of paper. I took out my handkerchief, knotted the

corners, and tried to pull out the animals from the shells, but the

whole mass was so slippery and the shells were so frail that the lat-

ter invariably broke, so I filled it with shells, animals and all, as

many as it would hold. Then I took off my straw hat and filled it,

and that would not satisfy me, for as I wandered along I found so

many fine specimens that I began to put them into my pockets, and

I did not leave the shore until every pocket was bursting full. I

had on a linen coat and white duck pants; the day was hot and it

seemed to me that those Ianthinas melted. In a little while streaks

of glowing violet began to show down my clothes; I felt a clammy,

wet, uncomfortable, feeling clear through to my skin, and my shoes

were filled with purple liquid. By the time I reached the city I

looked like an Indian in war paint, and I have no doubt that the

people of Key West, who were just going to church, thought I was

a lunatic, and perhaps they were not far from right. At last I

reached the schooner, took off and threw away my suit, which was

utterly ruined, and got my precious mollusks into sea water to soak,

although at least half of them were broken, yet, when I cleaned them

out, [ had the satisfaction of counting up over 2,000 good shells.

VERTIGO COLORADENSIS AND ITS ALLIES.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

Dr. Dall, in his interesting paper in Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX,

has, on p. 367, Vertigo decora Gould, Colorado to Alaska ( + P.

ingersolli Ancey -++ P. coloradensis Ckll.); Vertigo decora var. con-

cinnula Ckll., Colorado.

THE NAUTILUS. 135

It isa long time since I paid particular attention to these small

snails, but I do not think the above can be correct.

The genuine V. coloradensis is a very small form, with only a

single lamella on the parietal wall; its length is 14 mm. The form

which I named concinnula I found at higher elevations; it is larger,

2 mm. long, cylindrical, dull brown with whitish strize, whorls 43,

striate, suture not very deep, mouth pyriform, usually elbowed ex-

ternally above, lamellze 4 or 5; one, double, on parietal wall; one

on columella, about its middle, and two on outer wall; peristome

distinct. This differs from decora in color and the shape of the

aperture.

I did not publish a description of my concinnula, because I be-

lieved (and still believe) it to be identical with Ancey’s ingersolli,

which, also unpublished, had priority in MS. But, in view of Mr.

Dall’s publication, it becomes necessary to refer to it and explain

what it really is.

Now as to ingersolli, it was based on Ingersoll’s supposed califor-

nica. Mr. J. H. Thomson sent me some of the “californica” col-

lected by Ingersoll, and I transcribe my notes upon them :—

No. 6. “Animas Valley, Colo.” and “Timber Line, N. E. Ante-

lope Pk., V. californica Rowell.” (Perhaps only the latter label

really belongs to the shells.) Certainly not californica, but appar-

ently concinnula.

No.7. “ Vertigo californica Rowell, Rio La Plata, Colo.” Rather

highly colored, but evidently concinnula.

No.8. “V. californica, Cunningham Gulch.” Shinier than usual,

perhaps, or thinner, but concinnula.

There was also a single specimen of the same species from North

Park, collected by E. A. Barber, Aug. 12, 1874.

Typical V. decora is 2} mm. long, therefore much larger than

coloradensis. It is to me evident that there are three quite distinet

forms: (1) True decora of the north; (2) ingersolli or concinnula of

high elevations in Colorado; (3) coloradensis of the Colorado mid-

alpine. Whether these are called species or subspecies is, perhaps,

of small importance, and Dr. Sterki may be allowed to decide.

I may later refer to some other matters in Dr. Dall’s excellent

paper. He keeps “ Zimax montanus” as a species, which it certainly

isnot. The Patula strigosa v. concentrata Dall, seems to be a form

similar to my var. minor (J. of Conch., 1890, p. 175), which forms a

distinct race near Egeria, Colorado.

136 THE NAUTILUS.

CONTRIBUTION TO A KNOWLEDGE OF UNITED STATES UNIONIDE.

BY 8S. HARP WRIGHT.

Unio Pinkstonii sp. noy.

Shell flask-shaped or triangular, clavate, inflated below the beaks,

rounded anteriorly and very bluntly pointed behind. Epidermis

olive with transmitted light, with numerous close lines of growth ;

rayless. Beaks elevated, blunt and nearly on a line with the an-

terior margin in old specimens, but the shell very inequilateral in

the young. Sides very convex and descending in front very

abruptly. Basal margin very convex. Umbonal ridge very blunt,

and only slightly raised. Posterior slope narrower, its margin not

keeled. Cavity of shell deep, cavity under the beaks slight, bluntly

rounded. Cardinal teeth erect, striate; the anterior cardinal trun-

cate. Cardinal in right valve single. Cavity between cardinals

with a deep conical pit. Lateral teeth straight and short. Dorsal

cicatrices over the beak-cavity. Nacre white, without iridescence,

except at the posterior end, where the nacre is thin, it being thick

elsewhere. Cicatrices all distinct and well-impressed. Width 13

inches, length 13, diameter 1.

Habitat: Tuscaloosa River, Macon Co., Ala.

Remarks: Affinity, U. castaneus Lea, from which it differs in

having a tray-shaped cavity, instead of bowl-shaped, as in the former.

Its rings of growth are low and fine, not ridgy and coarse as in old

U. castaneus. The U. nux group probably includes this and U. cas-

taneus, U. concolor, U. brumbyanus and U. perovatus, species more

or less related to our shell, in which the nacre is laid unevenly in

plates and ridges, which form two or more pits where they meet.

The species is dedicated to Miss M. 8. Pinkston, who assiduously

collects Unionide, and found this among her collections.

Unio Kirklandianus sp. nov.

Shell ovate, brilliantly polished, rather thin and somewhat in-

flated. Sides dilated in the middle and attenuated at each end.

Base very convex; anterior end rounded and the other bluntly

pointed. Epidermis yellowish horn-color, with broad green rays on

all the surface, which are interrupted near the base with narrow

yellow bands. Lines of growth only two or three and ferruginous.

Beaks blunt and broad, slightly raised; umbonal ridge raised and

abruptly rounded. Posterior area abrupt, narrow and slightly

THE NAUTILUS. 137

keeled, and cordate at the beaks. Cavity of the shell rather deep

and uniform; cavity of the beaks well under the dorsum, blunt

within. Cardinal teeth, low, compressed and double in both valves

and nearly tubercular. Nacre white within the pallial line, and

darker and iridescent exterior to it. Lateral teeth small, short,

remote from the cardinals, and straight in the groove, but making a

slight angle from the dorsal plate at the anterior end of the liga-

ment, which is 3 of an inch long. Width i inches, length 14, di-

ameter { of an inch.

Habitat: Ocklocknee River, Leon Co., Fla.

Remarks: Affinity, U. subangulatus Lea. Our shell differs from

this in being more polished, thinner, rays broader, those of the an-

terior end sweeping around in curves. The shell cavity is much

deeper and broader. The beak cavities are much larger, and the

shell substance white instead of incarnate. We take pleasure in

naming this species, which is probably not exceeded in pictorial

beauty by any known Unio in North America, in honor of Dr.

Reynold J. Kirkland, of Grand Rapids, Michigan, who is a vigor-

ous investigator in conchology.

Unio Burtchianus sp. nov.

Shell uniformly solid, though not thick, oblong-elliptical, flattish,

inequilateral, smooth and polished, with a slight constriction near

the middle. Sides rounded, anterior end rounded, pointed behind

with a very short truncation. Dorsal and basal margins uniformly

curved. Epidermis reddish, nearly oceulted with dark green rays

running over all the surface, which are grouped in irregular fasci-

cles, darker and densely striate on the posterior slope. Growth

lines almost invisible. Beaks small and low, slightly rounded.

Umbonal slope subangular, with a fainter ridge back of it, making

a biangulation behind. Beak cavities very slight, confluent with a

cavity under the lateral teeth. Shell cavity moderate and oblong.

Cardinal teeth erect, light, crenulate, with an oblong groove in the

cardinal of the right valve. The inner lateral tooth thickened and

upturned at the end. Posterior cicatrices confluent, anterior dis-

tinct, all well impressed. Pallial impression distinct and crenulate.

Nacre salmon within the pallial line and purplish exterior to it.

Width 2+ inches, length 14, diameter 8.

Habitat: St. Mary’s River, Nassau Co., Florida.

Remarks: Affinity, U. lehmanii, herein described, in which the

distinction is made between these species. It is named in honor of

138 THE NAUTILUS.

Mr. Verdi Burtch, of Penn Yan, N. Y., who is a working student in

Unionide and ornithology.

Unio Lehmanii sp. nov.

Shell ovate, uniformly thick, evenly rounded before and broadly

pointed behind, and slightly biangulate. Dorsal and basal curves

equally convex. Enpidermis reddish-brown, smoothish, numerously

and faintly rayed. Lines of growth obscure and slightly raised. .

Umbonal slope broadly rounded, making in old shells a slight un-

cination at the posterior end. Beaks broad and short, not raised.

Posterior margin not keeled. Cardinal teeth broad, rather com-

pressed and much laciniated, the anterior cardinal elevated, crested,

ending in a long, thin, sharp edge, nearly truncated, which points

forward and downward. Lateral teeth heavy and nearly straight,

with a curve in the dorsal plate. Cicatrices distinct. Cavity of

shell very broad and quite uniformly excavated. Beak cavities not

deep, but broad and obtuse. Nacre purplish, lighter and sometimes

salmon, within the pallial line. Width 3 inches, length 17, diam-

eter 14 inches.

Habitat: St. Mary’s River, Florida.

Remarks: Affinity, U. burtchianus, which, with our shell, seems

to form a distinct group confined to St. Mary’s River, stationed be-

tween the Buckleyi and Forbesianus groups. It differs from U.

burtchianus in having greater inflation, less pointed behind, rays less

distinct, greater dorsal curvature, higher sides and rougher. It is

named for Mr. W. V. Lehman, a specialist in fossil insects, and an

energetic student of Unionide.

Unio Brimleyi sp. nov.

Shell quadrate, bluntly pointed behind, slightly inequilateral.

Sides gracefully rounded, subemarginate below and slightly arched

above. Epidermis olive, with transmitted light, rayless and with

very numerous finely striated raised crinkled lines. Shell thick on

the anterior half and much thinner behine. Lines of growth three

or four and faint. Ligament dark red and prominent. Greatest

diameter in the shell center. Posterior slope with two impressed

divergent broad and shallow grooves, from beaks to posterior mar-

gin. Beaks broad and rounded, slightly raised. Umbonal slope

broad and keeled. Beak cavity moderately deep. Cardinal teeth

double in both valves, erect and serrated. Laterals thin and

straight, and in the left valve continuous with the cardinals. Cica-

trices distinct. Dorsal cicatrices concealed from view. Pallial

THE NAUTILUS. 139

impression seen only in anterior half, and there it is very faint.

Nacre dead-white in front half and iridescent and darker in the

other half, the two shades meeting in nearly a straight line. Width

2 inches, length 12, diameter ?.

Habitat: Neuse River, Raleigh, N. C.

Remarks: Affinity, U. negatus Lea, from which our shell differs

in having rounded sides, olive epidermis, thinner and more direct

teeth. The peculiar structure of the epidermis reminds one of U.

estabrookianus Lea. Named for Mr. C.S. Brimley, of Raleigh, N.C.,

who is collecting histological material.

(To be Continued.)

PLANORBIS NAUTILEUS L. IN AMERICA.

BY GEO. W. TAYLOR.

In a note with the above heading in the February number of

Tae Naovtivus, Mr. Bryant Walker makes the following statement :

“The occurrence of this well-known European species in the

United States has hitherto rested upon its discovery at Ann Arbor,

Michigan, by DeTarr and Beecher, who described it as new under

the name of P. costatus.”

This is true, no doubt, as far as the United States is concerned,

but it is nut correct as to America, for P. nautileus has been already

recorded from three Canadian localities, and has, apparently, a wide

distribution in the northern part of the Continent.

About eight years ago I received two specimens of P. nautileus

from Mr. A. W. Hanham, who had taken them near Hamilton,

Ontario. Five years later, in the autumn of 1893, I found the shell

myself in some abundance in the ponds near to the St. Louis Dam,

Ottawa. This find I recorded in a note in the Ottawa Naturalist for

December, 1893, mentioning, | think, in the same note, Mr. Han-

ham’s previous discovery. Again, in 1894, I received numerous

specimens of the same shell from Mr. A.O. Wheelen, who collected

them in southern Alberta. These were also recorded by me in the

Ottawa Naturalist in a paper entitled “ The Land and Freshwater

Shells of Alberta.”

I was inclined, in the first instance, to think that this little shell

might have been introduced by the agency of man, but its occur-

140 THE NAUTILUS.

rence in Alberta, at a considerable distance from the line of railway,

leads me to suppose that it is truly indigenous, and in this opinion I

am confirmed by Mr. Walker’s observations.

While on the subject of Planorbis I should like to call attention

to the occurrence of another shell in southern Alberta (recorded in

the paper referred to above), namely, Planorbis wmbilicatellus. This

record seems to have been overlooked by Mr. Vanatta when writing

on the distribution of P. wmbilicatellus in the last volume of THE

NAUTILUS.

By the way: The Ottawa Naturalist is one of our best Canadian

natural history magazines, and a good many papers on Canadian

Conchology have been published therein during the last few years.

Nanaimo, B. C.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. }

At this writing the volume of Transactions is still in California.

Promptness in forwarding the book will be appreciated by the Gen-

eral Secretary, as well as by our members whose homes are in the

eastern States.

The name of Mrs. V. R. Hayward, Spokane, Wash., is added to

our Chapter Roll.

Mr. J.J. White’s gift of shells to our members, mentioned in THE

Navritvs, is greatly appreciated.

FOSSILS OF DEAD MAN’S ISLAND.

[From the report of Hon. Delos Arnold. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea

Conchological Chapter for 1896. |

In submitting my annual report as Secretary of the Fossil See-

tion of the Chapter, I have to regret that so little progress has been

made during the past year along the lines of this Section of the

Chapter.

-While the work during the past year, so far as the main concho-

logical work is concerned, is very gratifying, showing, as they do,

an increasing interest in the study of the science and a commend-

able activity in the collecting of specimens, the Fossil Section has

THE NAUTILUS. 141

not been actuated by the same spirit of inquiry. With the excep-

tion of some twenty species of fossils from the Tertiary beds of New

Mexico, sent here for identification, and a few inquiries relative to

exchanges, there is nothing outside of my own personal observations

to report. It may be proper to state that the New Mexico speci-

mens were collected and sent by a gentlemen not a member of our

Association.

The Chapter was instituted primarily to encourage the study of

conchology, and commemorates the achievements of the honored in-

dividual whose name it bears.

My visits to the beach during the past year have been few, and

the visits I made were for the purpose of delving into the raised

beaches at San Pedro, or of excavating the rocks at Dead Man’s

Island in search of buried treasures. Since my visits to these locali-

ties, a few months ago, and especially since the heavy rains of the

past few weeks, I found that the alluvial of the bluffs that overlie

the reefs of shells has been loosened and have fallen in large masses,

almost, and, in some localities quite, obscuring the collecting grounds,

so that collecting is very much obstructed or entirely destroyed. I

succeeded, however, in unearthing a few very fine specimens, mostly

of recent species ; one specimen of Lunatia lewisii Conrad being five

inches in diameter and as symmetrical and perfect as a living form.

But it was at Dead Man’s Island, an older and more interesting

formation, that I devoted most of my time and efforts. To one who

has spent as many pleasant and profitable hours in this lonely spot, it

cannot but cause an abiding sorrow to witness the devastation that is

constantly and rapidly going on by the relentless waves. Within

the recollection of the persons now living, the island has diminished

one-half or more, and there are now living those who will see the

tides sweeping over the spot where the receeding island now stands,

unless some steps are taken to protect it.

T have found nothing new or especially rare at this island during

the past year, but the specimens are so perfect and life-like that it is

always a pleasure to see them, and a desire to possess them is usually

so strong that they are secured and added to one’s collection. The

specimens which, to me, are the most interesting, are those found

imbedded in the sand rocks that have fallen from a ledge near the

top of the island. They are referred to the Pliocene period, and so

perfectly are they preserved that when eroded from their matrix

and mingled with the dead shells of the same species that are scat-

142 THE NAUTILUS.

tered on the beach, only a close scrutiny can distinguish a difference.

Among the species that were revealed in this almost perfect state

were: Fusus kobelti Dall, Fusus barbarensis Trask, Lucina acutili-

neata Conrad, L. californica Conrad, L. nuttalli Conrad, Innatia

lewisti Gld., Olivella biplicata Sby., Cardiwm centifilosum Cpr., and

a very unique and interesting specimen of Serpulorbis squamigerus

Cpr., together with a large number of common species of shells.

NOTES ON VITREA CELLARIA MULL.

[Extract from the report of Mr. Leon Walker. From the Transactions of the Isaac

Lea Conchological Chapter for 1896.]

There is, perhaps, no more interesting land shells in New England

than Vitrea cellaria Mill., on account of its peculiar habits. It

was first noticed in cities along the Atlantic Coast about fifty years

ago, and was undoubtedly introduced through commerce on wine

casks or hothouse plants. For some physical cause this shell has

not yet been found at any distance from the ocean, and is still con-

fined to a few cities on the coast. Living chiefly in cellars, as its

specific name implies, and not exposed to the weather, it does not

hibernate, but is active the year around. It is sometimes a great

pest to the housewife, annoying her greatly by crawling into milk-

pans or eating vegetables that are placed on the cellar bottoms. The

depredations of the animal are confined to the night ; in the daytime

it lies hidden under some board or in some crack or crevice in the

wall. The animal has a very acute sense of smell, and can be

readily collected by placing fruit or vegetables within its reach.

Vitrea cellaria is not the only cellar mollusk, as there are a few

slugs that lurk in similar situations, but it alone has an external

shell.

NOTES AND NEWS.

THe Cotony or HerLIx NEMORALIS AT LEXINGTON, VA.—

The colony of Helix nemoralis is thriving ; one yard is full of them,

but I do not see that they do any injury to vegetation. They ap-

pear to grow larger here than the specimens I have seen of the same

species from Europe. Another feature I have also observed:

When they were first introduced we could find solid brown ones

THE NAUTILUS. 143

rarely ; now they are never to be seen. They look like tortoise-

shell or have very wide bands, but no more solid brown appear, al-

though I keep a sharp lookout.—Mrs. Jonn M. Brooke.

A New Form or Pupa.—lI find, occasionally, in the rejecta-

menta of the Rio Grande at Mesilla, N. M., a Pupa which has been

considered to be P. gabbii Dall (1. e., arizonensis W. G. Binn., not

Gabb.). On examining it more carefully than heretofore, it seems

to me at least a distinct variety, and it may be called P. gabbii var.

mexicanorum. It is 33 mm. long, diam. 13 mm., white, delicately

but distinctly ribbed, the ribs filiform, four of them entering the

parietal wall of the aperture. The aperture is rather narrow, with

the outer margin somewhat flattened, and inclined to be elbowed

above. The peristome is quite thick. Besides having the well-

marked ribs, this is smaller and narrower than the typical gabbii.

I found, however, an equally small form of gabbii in Colorado, on

Round Mountain near Silver Cliff.

To Dr. Dall’s recent list of Central Region Pupide may be added

Vertigo gouldi Binney, which I found in a post-Tertiary deposit at

West Cliff, Colorado, along with a variety of V. ovata. It has not

yet been found alive in that neighborhood.—T. D. A. CocKERELL.

VALLONIA PULCHELLA IN PirTsBURGH.—A couple of months

ago a friend sent me a lot of Vallonia pulchella that he had col-

lected on his front walk in the East End, Pittsburgh. He says that

he first noticed them late last spring or early summer, but is not

sure of the date now. He says that they suddenly appeared after a

rain literally in millions, and about three weeks later they again

appeared, but in smaller numbers. ‘The first time they appeared he

says he gathered up a half tumbler of the shells for me but lost

them. On their second appearance he got about a thousand which

he turned over to me, and I send you a few under separate cover to

let you see that they show the effect of Pittsburgh smoke.

My friend is going to watch for them this spring and summer,

and if they appear will make a note of the date and how long they

stay. There is a stone wall around the place and he thinks they

come from this wall—Gro. H. CLapp.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

LisT OF THE CLAUSILIZ OF SouTH AMERICA, WITH THE DeE-

SCRIPTION OF A New Species, by E. R. Sykes (Jour. Malac., V,

144 THE NAUTILUS.

pages 57-59, pl. 1V). In this list 37 species are recorded. From

United States of Columbia 11; Venezuela 1; Ecuador6; Peru 16;

Bolivia 2; and Porto Rico 1. C. perplexa Sykes is made a syno-

nym of C. dohrni Pfr—C. W. J.

Report ON THE Mo.uiusks CoLLectep By THE INTERNA-

TIONAL BounDARY COMMISSION OF THE UNITED STATES AND

Mexico 1892-94, by Wm. H. Dall (Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX,

pages 333-379, pls. XX XI-XXXIII). In this report the fauna

of the region adjacent to the international boundary line that ex-

tends from the Rio Grande River near El] Paso, Texas, to the Colo-

rado River near Yuma, Arizona, is fully treated. Two new species

of Polygyra (P. ashmuni and P. pseudodonta) are described from

New Mexico. Two new Coelocentrum, a new Anisospira and anew

Streptostyla are described from Mexico.—C. W. J.

REVISION OF THE GENERA OF LEDID® AND NUCULID® OF

THE ATLANTIC Coast OF THE UNITED SrarTEs, by A. E. Verrill

and Katharine J. Bush (Amer. Jour. Sci., III, 1897, pages 51-63).

This interesting paper, the authors state, is but a preliminary ac-

count of the classification adopted in a somewhat extended study of

the series of deep sea forms belonging to these families. ‘“ These

families are often united by modern malacologists under a single

family (Nuculidz), while others regard them as distinct. The fam-

ily Nuculidee differs from Ledidze mainly in having no siphon tubes,

the mantle edges being completely disunited.”. A new subfamily

(Glomine) of Nuculids, and a new subfamily (Tindarine) of Le-

didz are used, while in the Ledidz four new genera and one sub-

genus is adopted. ‘The article is illustrated by 22 cuts, and closes

with an analytical table of the recent subfamilies, genera and sub-

genera.—C. W. J.

Toe Eocene Deposits oF THE MippLE ATLANTIC SLOPE IN

DELAWARE, MARYLAND AND VireIniA, by Wm. B. Clark (Bull.

U.S. Geol. Sur., No. 141). The introduction contains a complete

bibliography and an exhaustive account of its stratigraphical and

paleontological characteristics, followed by descriptions of species.

About 60 species of Mollusca are described and illustrated. The

entire work contains 93 pages and 40 plates.

T rg

NAUTILUS.

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF

CONCHOLOGISTS.

VOLES

MAY, 1897, to APRIL, 1898.

PHILADELPHIA :

Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON.

INDEX

mak NAU TI Bs, VOL. Xi.

INDEX TO TITLES AND SPECIES DESCRIBED.

Achatina Crawfordi Melv. viviparous

Actzon Traskii Stearns, n. sp.

Ariolimax californicus .

Ariolimax costaricensis

Agriolimax, notes on (Ginstrated a

Amphidromus Eudeli Ancey, n. sp.

Amphidromus Fultoni Ancey, n. sp.

Ampullaria, sinistral

Anomia navicelloides aereh. nD. Sp. Me (Rbcene) .

Bothriopupa Pils.

Bolinas, California; The conch oleate paradise ;

Breeding sinistral Eiclices :

“ Bulimi” from the Hebrides, on two so- Tae te

Bullia buccinoides Merriam, n. sp. (M. Eocene) .

Bullia Uruguayensis Pilsbry, n. sp.

Callista varians in Florida .

Cancellaria annosa Aldrich, n. sp. (Eiotene).

Cancellaria graciloides Aldrich, n. sp. SE

Cancellaria graciloides var. bella Aldrich, n. var. (Eisen)

Cancellaria lanceolata Aldrich, n. sp. (Eocene)

Catalogue of American land shells with localities, 45, 59,

Wi, 53, go, 105,117, 127

Cathaica Funki Ancey, n.sp.. .

Celocentrum astrophorea Dall, n. sp.

Collecting at Ballast Point .

tein in Monterey Bay

Collection of Mollusks from Grand Mawar, Miliwois Pie

Conchological notes from Louisiana .

Coralliophaga, a new subgenus of .

(iii)

135

lv THE NAUTILUS.

Cypreidee, Hawaiian '

Cyptherea Newcombei Mercian n. sp. . OM. Mpocene) «

Cyptherea vancouverensis Merriam, n. sp. (M. Necoeusl

Diplomorpha ruga and Bernier .

Editorial correspondence . a Se

Epiphragmophora californiensis var, Be iracoste.

Eucalodium hippocastaneum Dall, n. sp.

Florida shells .

Fresh water shells in the nonthenen = ear .

Gastrodonta collisella percallosa Pilsbry, n. var. .

Gastrodonta (Taxeodonta) lamellidens Pilsbry, n. sp. .

Halistylus circumstriatus aia n. sp.

Haplopupa Pils. :

Helices, description of nree new Bitalotes om Central

Asia

Helicina Dysoni

Helicina Funcki Ancey

Helicina Rabei Pilsbry, n. sp. . tae

Helix devia var. Clappi Hemphill, n. var. .

Helix (Lysine) queretaroana Dall, n. sp. .

Helix (Lysine) sebastiana Dall, n. sp.

Helix, note on a californian Be

Helix plectotropis var. uniformis Ancey

Hemphillia camelus Pilsbry & Vanatta, n. sp. .

Holospira (Haplostemma) Cockerelli Dall, n. sp.

Holospira (Haplostemma) Hamiltoni Dall, n. sp.

Isaac Lea Chapter of the Agassiz Association, 9, 23, 30,

34,

123

42, 57, 67, 80, 89, 104

Landshells from Malay Peninsula, note on .

Littorina littorea, variations of,

Margaritana marginata var. emaneley B. H. Wiriehee

var. . . eae

Melania Diente Hiarsmane TRIS...

Modiola plicatula Lamarck, an extinet locality

Mollusca contemporaneous with the Mastodon .

Mollusks collected in Maldonado Bay, el By ie

Wm. H. Rush ; ;

Nanina (Macrochlamys?) diadema ‘Dall, n. sp.

Nassa Newcombei Merriam, n. sp... .

Nautilus pompilius in Southern New South Wales ;,

THE NAUTILUS. Vv

New species of Tertiary Mollusca from Vancouver Island 64

Notes and news .

33, 43, 69, 90

Notes on Quebec Pupide and other shells... . . . . 110

Notes on slugs ... . Ppzayt 75

iiratostomia Bee eeensis Aldjiem n. sp. GBiocane) : 87

Ommastrephes Bartramii. . . . Bd Pe 6

Oryctomya, a new subgenus of Ciltlio phage Ciarac cho ght 135

Oryctomya claibornensis Dall, n. sp. (Eocene) .. . . 135

Sieychouaunmasked =... . . Miele t2) 2. © rs 87

Reetaviirene bas...) 5... . ee Sieee S eee or 130

Partula, notes and corrections. . . . Saal os 44

Patella geometrica Merriam, n. sp. (M. Misdene eres 65

mecten Davidson Dall, mn. sp. . Memes a) eel. a). 86

megten balmerit Dall, n.sp.. . Mie was). ie 85

Pecten Randolphi Dall, n.sp.. . . 86

Pinnide of the United States and West Taree, Sy nopsis

Of. > mip 25

Pisidium py ecorain @umipson) Senki, PIES A, 24s 5 th IAD 124

Pisidium pauperculum var. Nylanderi Sterki, n. var... 125

Piso Sincleyi Sterki,.n. sp. Seema sh.) sein oGshe 112

Pisidium splendidulum Sterki, n.sp......... . 118,124

fess tubwood (Obituary)-.. . See. . s-a BROS 114

Polygyra Ferrissi Pilsbry, n. sp... felts MADE oO,

Polygyra Mearnsii Dall in New Mexico Ren hears 1.0 69

eolgoyra Nelsoni:Dall,n.sp. .. ieee. aoe 74

Powovrachyssa Dallinssp. . Gees Jo bt 2b . 2

Ecoplwsaon Amdersoni:). . . QeMmee. Stn 2 cei ow 79

mcopuveaoniasciatum <.: . . As | te ke 79

topoysaon foliolatumt? . .. QaMBEEes i -s S440. . 78

fropuysaon Hemphilli... . . Qeeees. 2 tot: 78

Prophysaon humile . .. . . cre 3a Pee 79

Proposed census of Michigan Mollie err al ck JY: 98

Pseudiberus anisopleurus Ancey,n.sp........ . 17

Pseudiberus uniformis Ancey,n.sp. .. . . 17

abiications received .... . . Swe... 34, 44, 69, 115, 126

FPunctum californicam Pilsbry,nasp). . ...... - 154

Eien Clappi Pilsbry, n. sp. Gagme es 2 fle ss. - 133

BvipainpersolliAme. .... . MOM coke. 136

inupaymontanella Ck)... . MWe 6 So we So 156

vi THE NAUTILUS.

Pupa sublubrica Ane... .

Purpura lapillus

Quarter-decks and jingles [Crepidals aud fete],

Schazicheila Hidalgoana Dall, n. sp. .

Sigaretus Oldroydii Dall, n. sp. . :

Sterkda Pils... jweee sf: «5

Taxeodonta Pils.

Leletremata Pils. ...%..... .

Turritella diversilineata Weraahal n. sp. eAgocenc)

Unio Buxtoni B. H. Wright, n. sp.

Unio Diazensis S. H. Wright, n. sp.

Unio gibbosa var. armathwaitensis B. H. yiriciht, n. var.

Unio (Lampsilis) amphichenus Frierson, n. sp .

Unio Pinei B. H. Wright, n. sp.

Unio reclusus B. H. Wright, n. sp.

Unio Suttoni B. H. Wright, n. sp...

Unio Swordianus 8. H. Wright, n. sp.

Unio triumphans B. H. Wright, n. sp. .

Unio Walkeri B. H. Wright, n. sp.

Unios, notes on the classification of

Uvanilla regina, a new locality .

Vallonia parvula and ee Hola. at eae -In- eee

Lake Erie . oe. . ee :

Vitrea Raderi Dall, n. sp.

INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.

Aldrich, T. H.

mmcey, C.F...

Baker, Frank C.

Baldwin, ). D.e 5 . ..

peck, Mrs: M..... .

Clapp, Geo. H. . .

Cockerell, T. D. A.

ox, Dr: J.C.

Dall, Wm. H.

Ferriss, Jas. H.

Frierson, Lorraine, S.

Hanham, A. W.

Hartman, W. D. :

Hemphill, Henry - -

Johnson, C. W. .

King, Mrs. E. H..

Lawrence, Mrs. E. A.

Letson, Jennie E. .

awe th:

Merriam, John oe

Nylander, Olof O.

Pilsbry, Henry A. .

Simpson, Charles T. .

Stearns, R. E. C.

Sterki, Dr. V.

Vanatta, E. G.

Walker, Bryant

Wentworth, Mrs. D. i

White. J. i

Williamson, Mrs. M. pe eion

Wood, Williard M.

Wright, Berlin H.

Wright, S. Hart

2 ee Se

16, 26, 62, 66, 87

123

45, 69, 75, 136

: 44

2, 95, 37, 61, 73, 85, 100, 135

135

3, 109

110

41, =

6, 34, 45, 54, 87, 92, 133

13918

1, 14, 38, 102

112, 124

82, 98, 121

31, 89

oy 49

‘40, 55, 91, 101, 111, 123

Me me: 4

(vii)

oe NEUTILUS.

Vou. XI. MAY, 1897. No. 1.

UVANILLA REGINA, A NEW LOCALITY.

BY ROBT. E. C. STEARNS.

A few days since, Mr. Charles H. Lawrence, who resides on Boyle

Heights in this city, submitted to me for identification a specimen

of this fine species which he collected about Christmas, 1895, on

San Clemente Island, latitude 32° 55’ N., longitude 118° 30’ W.

This find of Mr. Lawrence’s carries the species so far to the north as

to include it in the faunal list of California proper. The prelimi-

nary description of U. regina was published in the THe Navutitus

for December, 1892, and was subsequently described more fully in

the Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XVI, 1893, pp. 350-51, from a

specimen collected by Capt. J. D. Porter, of San Diego, Cal., on

Guadaloupe Island off the coast of Lower California in latitude 29°

N., longitude 118° W.

As this easily recognizable species is exceedingly rare at this date,

it may be well to note that examples are contained in the collec-

tions of the National Museum (No. 125314), of Henry Hemphill

and Miss Cooke, San Diego, and of Mr. Lawrence, above-named.

The Hemphill and Cooke specimens are part of the lot collected by

Capt. Porter.

In my paper on “ The Shells of the Tres Marias and Other Lo-

ealities along the Shores of Lower California and the Gulf of Cali-

fornia,” this form is listed, as the island of Guadaloupe belongs to

Mexico.

In Dr. J. G. Cooper’s “ Catalogue of Marine Shells collected

chiefly on the eastern shore of Lower California,” ete., published in

2 THE NAUTILUS.

the Proc. Cal. Acad. Sciences (Series 2, Vol. V, p. 36), he makes the

following remarks concerning my “Tres Marias, etc.,” list: ‘“‘ Out

of 294 in the catalogue, about 200 occur in the Gulf and several

others on the west coast. It is not, therefore, as complete a list of

Gulf shells as we might expect from collections made by the U.S.

Fish Commission Steamer ‘Albatross,’ with its facilities for dredg-

ing and collecting otherwise.” As my paper does not purport to be

a list of the “Albatross” collections in the regions under considera-

tion, but only includes incidentally such species as were collected by

the “Albatross” naturalists at a few points only, viz., “ Baelenas

and Pichelinque Bays, ete., so far as the same have been worked up

at this date,” as is distinctly stated, further comment is unnecessary.

Los Angeles, Ca]., April 5, 1897.

ON A NEW FORM OF POLYGYRA FROM NEW MEXICO.

BY W. H. DALL.

Polygyra rhyssa Dall, n. sp.

Shell of six rounded whorls, dark yellowish-brown, the suture

rather deep and the spire low but not flattened; nuclear whorls

nearly smooth, the rest of the shell rather coarsely obliquely stri-

ated, the last fourth of the last whorl with rather sharp elevated

riblets with wider interspaces and a marked constriction behind the

reflected peristome; umbilicus small, deep; periphery above the

middle of the whorl rounded, the entire surface more or less dis-

tinctly finely spirally striate; aperture subcircular, oblique, with a

reflected and rather solid peristome with a small obscure thicken-

ing on its basal part, a light wash of callus over the body, and

slightly within the aperture a small oblique elongated parietal den-

ticle. Major diameter 17, minor diameter 14; height 9 mm.

White Mountains of New Mexico, Ashmun.

This species is about the size of P. chiricahuana Dall, from which

it differs by its strong sculpture, somewhat larger umbilicus, more

distinct suture and oral armature. The form of the mouth resem-

bles that of P. pseudodonta Dall, but the basal thickening of the lip

is not notched and the shell is decidedly larger, more coarsely sculp-

tured and somewhat darker in color. It forms another illustration

of the effect of insulation on the mountain peaks by arid lowlands

THE NAUTILUS. 3

in producing differentiation in a single type of shell. P. levettei,

chiricahuana, ashmuni, pseudodonta and rhyssa are obviously off-

shoots of a common stock.

CONCHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM LOUISIANA.

BY LORRAINE S. FRIERSON.

Being, so far as I know, the only student of conchology in Louis-

iana, perhaps a few notes may be of interest.

My station consists of an arm of Red River (Bayou Pierre), a

lake and numerous creeks.

In these waters occur about 50 species of Mollusca, of which 30

are Unionide. An interesting fact, and one which I have never

seen mentioned, is the sharp line of separation between the forms

found in the creeks and those growing in the Red River waters.

In the creeks are found 5 Unios and 2 Anodontas. While in the

Red River waters are found 25 Unionide. No creek shell grows in

Red River waters (with but two exceptions noted below) and no

species living in Red River waters are ever found in the creeks.

At the junction of a creek with the river occurs a zone where no

mollusca can be found. The exceptions noted are U. texasensis Lea,

which, while pre-eminently a creek shell, is found sparingly in Red

River waters. Another possible exception is in the case of U. de-

celivis Say. This shell is found abundantly in the creeks, and grows

to alarge size. A rather rare shell is found in the Red River waters

which is said by our authorities to be a form of U. declivis Say

known as tetralasmus Say or geometricus Lea.

Declivis proper never occurs in the Red River waters, nor does

tetralasmus ever grow in creek waters. Perhaps this fact will help

show that these shells are really distinct species and not synonyms.

The most variable and, perhaps, the most abundant Unio is U.

multiplicatus Lea. West of the Mississippi drainage this shell

merges into U. eightsii Lea, and here, at the middle ground, a mix-

ture of types is seen. An interesting shell is sparingly found here,

close to its extreme southern limit, probably. It is a dwarfed,

almost ‘run out” form of U. donaciformis Lea. Another “ Yankee

down south” is a very small but brilliantly colored Anodonta sub-

orbiculata Say. It is found in the soft, deep mud of Edwards’ Lake,

and disputes its territory with Anodonta virens Lea. A. imbecilis

4 THE NAUTILUS.

also grows with these, but does not live in the mud, but escapes this

by growing in the fissures of the cypress trees, a prisoner for life, by

choice.

Thus far my researches have been productive of one new species,

U. friersoni Wright, and the extending of habitat of three shells.

But I hope to accomplish much more in the future, which, if suc-

cessful, will be given to the readers of THE NAuTILus.

Frierson Mill, DeSoto Parrish, Louisiana.

CONTRIBUTION TO A KNOWLEDGE OF UNITED STATES UNIONIDE.

BY S. HART WRIGHT.

( Concluded.)

Unio Swordianus sp. nov.

Shell oval, massive, very inequilateral, rounded before, highly

arched above and rounded at base, very bluntly pointed behind.

Sides flattish, constricted slightly or not at all, and the umbonal

ridge usually obsolete. Epidermis brownish or somewhat horn-

colored, rayless, and the surface roughened with close growth-lines.

Ligament darkened, heavy, short and much elevated. Beaks

pointed, small and very low. Beak cavity shallow, extending

slightly under both cardinal and lateral teeth, thus making it very

broad and with obtusely rounded sides. Cardinal teeth double in

the left valve, single in the right and smoothish, or crested and

short. Lateral teeth heavy, slightly curved, wide apart, arising

from a thick dorsal plate. The cardinal of right valve with an ob-

long groove at its base. Cicatrices distinct ; dorsal cicatrices con-

fluent into an oblong groove under the dorsum. Pallial impression

deep and denticulate. Nacre usually pure white, often more or less

with waxy discolorations or mottlings or even dirty white. Width

4 inches, length 2, diameter 13.

Habitat : Powell’s Creek, Lee Co., Va.

Remarks: Affinity, U. bursapastoris B. H. Wright and U. abacus

Hald. Our shell differs from the first in having a lighter epider-

mis, an arched dorsum, shell cavity greater, beak cavity very much

less, being nearly extinct, and the posterior dorsal area narrower

and very abrupt in its descent. From U. abacus it differs in the

beak cavity, and is much more inequilateral. Ten specimens were

obtained from the collector, Mr. T. F. Sword, for whom it is named.

THE NAUTILUS. 0

Unio Diazensis sp. nov.

Shell small, oval, thin, bluntly or truncately pointed behind, and

biangulated there; rounded obliquely in front, the curve meeting

the dorsal line with a distinct angle. Epidermis reddish-brown,

lighter above on the first growth, finely and obscurely striate with

minute scales, more apparent near the base. Lines of growth dis-

tant, about two. Rays nearly obsolete, or, if present, seen faintly on

the anterior end, or on the first growth. Umbonal ridge well-de-

fined, rather narrow. Posterior slope rather broad and raised into

a keel. Dorsal line nearly straight. Umbos small, broad and not

raised. Beaks with a double series of granular undulations. Dor-

sal plate thin. Shell cavity rather deep and broad. Beak cavities

slight. Cardinal teeth very small and light, more or less com-

pressed. Lateral teeth very narrow, slim and nearly straight.

Anterior cicatrices distinct ; posterior confluent. Cardinal of right

valve single. Dorsal scars under the plate. Nacre salmon or cop-

pery. Width 13 inches, length 3, diameter 2.

Habitat: Lake Diaz, Volusia Co., Florida.

Remarks: In 1887 we gathered about 2,000 of these little thin

shells in Lake Diaz, no other Unio being found in that lake, except

U. amygdalum Lea. They were always in white sand, with clear

and rather shallow water, and nearly all of one size. Affinity, U.

fuscatus Lea, from which our shell differs in being smaller, less trans-

verse, more inflated, having a much higher umbonal ridge well

marked, while in U. fuscatus the ridge is nearly or quite obsolete.

From U. coruscus Gould the Diaz shell differs in having always thin

lateral teeth, a thin dorsum and smaller cardinals and a high keel,

and is always a thinner shell. It differs from U. fryanus B. H.

Wright in being much less polished, lighter, less solid, fewer rayed,

greater umbonal ridge and more attenuated in front. In a “Check

List of N. A. Unionide,” published in 1888, a species of Unio was

listed as “U. diasensis,” but was never published, and therefore does

not preoccupy the similar name now given above.

Note.—Types of all the above species will be sent to the National

Museum and duplicates of the types to the Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia.

Errata.—lIn Tue Navtituvs, X, No. 12, page 136, first line, for

“triangular, clavate,” read “triangular-clavate.” Eighth line, for

“narrower,” read “narrow.” Page 137, ninth line above the bot-

tom, for “ groove in the,” read “ groove under the.” |

6 THE NAUTILUS.

LIST OF MOLLUSKS COLLECTED IN MALDONADO BAY, URUGUAY, BY

DR. WM. H. RUSH, U.S. N.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

In the Nauritus for September, 1896, a list may be found of the

non-marine mollusea collected in Uruguay and Argentine Republic

by Dr. Rush. Descriptions of the new species mentioned in that

paper have been published in subsequent numbers, and in the Pro-

ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for

1896, pp. 860-365, and plates 26, 27, and Manual of Conchology,

2d ser., Vol. XI.

The marine shells obtained by him while with the South Atlantic

Squadron were nearly all taken in Maldonado Bay, dredged in from

three to six fathoms of water, the limpets, etc., from the shore ex-

cepted. The few forms collected elsewhere than at Maldonado and

vicinity have the localities indicated below. In this connection it

may be mentioned that the squids which jumped aboard the Yantic,

as described by Dr. Rush in Nauriius, VI, p. 82, turn out to be

Ommastrephes Bartramiit. Among the forms enumerated below and

in the several published lists of shells from this general region, it is

somewhat remarkable that some groups usually rather numerous,

such as Rissoide, are not represented. The occurrence of a number

of northern species is also noteworthy. There are also in the series

collected about a dozen forms found only in poor condition and not

yet identified. The descriptions of new species will shortly appear,

with figures, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

GASTROPODA.

Aemea onychina Gould. Gorritti Island, Maldonado Bay. This

bay was the type locality of Patella miilleri Dkr., a synonym of

Gould’s species.

Bittium sp.

Bullia cochlidium Kien.

Bullia globulosa Kien. Maldonado Bay. Very heavily cal-

loused fossil specimens occurred in the wall of fort at the Mus. La

Plata, Argentine Republic. |

~ Bullia Uruguayensis n. sp. Shell somewhat like B. globulosa

Kn., but more slender, the spire much longer. Surface smooth ex-

cept for two to four spiral impressed lines separated by convex low

cords, just below the impressed suture, and fine spiral strize on the

THE NAUTILUS. (

base; growth-lines fine and slight. ' Light flesh colored. Whorls

about 64, the first globose, the second and third with rather coarse

longitudinal folds, which persist longer at the upper part of the whorl ;

remaining whorls convex, foldless ; the last whorl oval, regularly con-

vex, contracted below, with a wide arcuately striate siphonal fas-

ciole bounded above by a strong narrow spiral rib. Aperture a lit-

tle over half the alt. of shell. Columella broadly concave above,

having a strongly twisted fold below, which projects at the junction

of the short basal canal with the cavity of the aperture, sloping

strongly to the left below the projecting fold; anterior notch wide.

Parietal callus rather thin, spreading far forward.

Length 22°5, diam. 12 mm.

Maldonado Bay. This species is certainly not the young of B.

cochlidium, although in my opinion d@’Orbigny’s fig. 25 of plate 61

of the Voy. Am. Mérid. was drawn from a specimen of the form here

described. The characters of columella and sculpture also incline

me to consider the present species distinct from B. Lamarck

Kiener (Iconogr., pl. 3, figs. 6, 6).

Chlorostoma (Omphalius) corrugatum Koch. Trochus patagoni-

cus Orb. is'a synonym.

Columbella avara Say.

Columbella obesa var. decipiens C. B. Ad.

Columbella sertulariarum d’Orb.

Crepidula aculeata Gmel.

Cylichnella bidentata Orb.

Fissuridea patagonica d’Orb.

Halistylus columna Dall.

Halistylus cireumstriatus n. sp. Similar to H. columna in size and

contour, but the whorls are encircled by numerous impressed brown

lines. H. pupoideus (Cpr.) Dall, of California, (Proc. U. S. Nat.

Mus., xv, 1892, pl. 19, f. 2) is a third species of this interesting

group. It is spirally sculptured like cirewmstriatus, but has very

convex whorls, and there are other differences.

Natica Isabelleana d’Orb.

Natica maroccana Dillw. (?). Worn young shells.

Ocinebra cala n. sp.

Olivancillaria auricularia Lam. Maldonado Bay ; also fossil

specimens in the Fort wall at La Plata Museum.

Olivella Puelchana d’Orb.

Scala elegans d’Orb. (probably).

8 THE NAUTILUS.

Scala tenuistriata d’Orb.

Siphonaria Lessoni Blainv. Gorritti Island, Maldonado Bay.

Triforis sp.

Turbonilla interrupta Totten.

Turbonilla sp. Specimens worn.

Turbonilla dispar n. sp.

Turbonilla uruguayensis Nn. sp.

Urosalping Rushii n. sp.

PoLYPLACOPHORA.

Chetopleura Isabellet d’Orb. Maldonado Bay, with the follow-

ing.

Chetopleura Tehuelcha d’Orb. Maldonado Bay. Carpenter’s Ch.

armillata (Man. Conch., xiv, p. 39) described from Gorritti Island,

is a synonym.

PELECYPODA.

Azara' labiata Maton. Pond near Maldonado.

Azara labiata var.nimbosaSowb. Pond near Maldonado; brack-

ish or nearly fresh water.

Corbula caribeea d’Orb.

Corbula Iheringiana n. sp.

Corbula Lyoni n. sp.

Corbula patagonica d’Orb.

Crassatella (Eriphyla) lunulata Con.

Crassatella (Eriphyla) maldonadoensis n. sp.

Cytherea rostrata Koch.

Diplodonta semiaspera Phil. (Lucina semireticulata Orb.).

Donax hanleyanus Phil.

LIyonsia hyalina Conrad.

LIyonsia sp. A nearly equilateral species, new to me.

Lucina squamosa Lam.

Mactra isabelleana d’Orb.

Mulinia near lateralis Say.

‘Carlos Maria de Pena has called attention to the fact that padre Dimaso-

A. Larrafiaga, a naturalist of Montevideo, in his “‘ Memoria Geologica sobre

la formacion del Rio de La Plata, deducida de sus conchas fosiles,’”’ written in

1819 (? published in 1821), created the genus Matonia for Mya labiata of

Maton, thus antedating d’Orbigny’s name Azara. I have not seen the work,

and would decline to make a change until the proper publication and date of

Matonia is made positive. See Anales del Mus. Nac. de Montevideo, I, 1894,

peels

THE NAUTILUS. 9

There were also worn valves of several other Mactride collected.

Mesodesma arechavalettoi (Ihering MS.) Pilsbry. Maldonado

Bay, Uruguay (young); Mar del Plata, Argentina.

Mytilus darwinianus Orb.

Mytilus edulis L. (2? platensis Orb.).

Mytilus canaliculus Han.

Nucula puelcha @Orb. N. uruguayensis E. A. Smith does not

seem to differ materially from this species.

Ostreea puelchana d’Orb.

Pecten nucleus Born, var.?

Pecten sp. undet.

Pectunculus longior Sowb.

Petricola like pholadiformis, but less strongly sculptered. One

valve.

Plicatula ramosa Lam.

Semele (Abra?) uruguayensis n. sp.

Tagelus gibbus Spengl. (platensis Orb.).

Tellina uruguayensis E. A. Smith.

Thracia Rushii un. sp.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

The name of Miss Zeola Downing, Long Beach, California, is

added to the membership roll of our Chapter.

When last heard from Miss Anna Goodsell of San Diego, Califor-

nia, was in Cairo, Egypt, after having visited many countries in the

Orient.

FRESH WATER SHELLS IN THE NORTHEAST OF MAINE.

[From the report of Mr. Olof O. Nylander. From the Transactions of the Isaac

Lea Conchological Chapter for 1896].

This article is devoted to the fresh water shells found in the Fish

River Lakes and Aroostook River, northeast of Maine. After se-

curing a good supply of provisions, tent, boat and apparatus needed

for a long collecting trip in the forest region, a man was employed

to accompany us through the journey, and a man with a team to

haul me the distance of 25 miles to Cross Lake on the Fish River.

10 THE NAUTILUS.

Arriving at Cross Lake my work was immediately to collect

and my companion’s duty throughout the journey to prepare

the tent, cut wood and cook, and other duties connected with camp

life in the woods.

At the Cross Lake inlet the following were collected: Unio com-

planatus, Margaritana undulata, Anodonta fragilis, Spherium sulca-

tum, Pisidium compressum, P. variabile, P.n. sp., Planorbis campan-

ulatus P. bicarinatus, P. deflectus, Limnea emarginata, L. desidiosa,

Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis, ete.

The second place visited was on the west side about 2 miles south

from the inlet. Planorbis trivolvis was obtained in a place that ap-

peared to be covered with water only in the Spring. Ancylus

parallelus was found in large numbers, and a lot of good large spec-

imens of Limnea emarginata in two feet of water. They seemed to

feed on vegetation on the rocks. A little further down on the west

side was a small stream in which a lot of Spheria and Pisidia were

obtained. Unio complanatus Sol., Margaritana undulata Say and

Anodonta fragilis Lam., are found all over the Fish River Lake, and

need not be referred to as of especial interest to any locality.

On the east side where some large hills rise from the lake a small

lot was obtained by dredging ; nearest the shore Pomatiopsis cincin-

natiensis were plentiful in 15 feet of water; Campeloma decisum, of

small size, Pisidium variabile and P. compressum were found from

the shore to 25 feet, showing some variation in forms. On the

shore Succinea ovalis, and, near by, in the woods under rocks, 8.

avara were found. Also Conulus fulvus, Strobila labyrinthica, Zon-

ites exiquus, Carychium exiguum and fragments of Pupa or Vertigo.

The south end of Cross Lake afforded the best dredging ground,

and some time was spent here. Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis Lea, was

very plentiful, and Valvata tricarinata Say, V. sincera Say, were col-

lected from 5 to 20 feet. Planorbis trivolvis, P. companulatus, P. bi-

carinatus, P. deflectus and P. hirsutus were not plentiful.

One of the most interesting colleéting grounds is Square Lake,

which is the largest and handsomest lake in Aroostook Co. At

the inlet from Cross Lake the bottom is covered with large and fine

specimens of Limnea emarginata and the var. Mighelsi. Planorbis

parvus (?) Say, Planorbis sp.?, a peculiar specimen, P. campanulatus,

aform of small size, P. bicarinatus, Physa ancillaria Say, are plenti-

ful in this place, but nowhere else in this region to my knowledge.

The shore is covered with dead shells of the above named species.

THE NAUTILUS. 11

From the inlet at the northeast of Square Lake, the east side was

followed to the south, a distance of about 8 miles. The wind blow-

ing prevented us from doing any dredging, and the bottom is gener-

ally stone.

In the south end of the lake the bottom is covered with fine sand

and afforded very fine dredging ground for 2 or 3 square miles.

From the shore to 10 feet deep Pomatiopsis cincinnatiensis was very

common, and a few specimens of Pisidiwm were found from 10 to

25 feet. Valvata tricarinata and V. sincera were found, but beyond

the depth of 25 feet all the shells seemed to disappear, and the

dredge was filled with nothing to collect. The western shore of the

lake is rocky and the only place visited is Limekiln Point, where I

have spent a good deal of time in past years. This very interesting

locality of the Upper Silurian limestone of the Lower Helderberg

group, contains many fine specimens of fossils, many of them pecu-

liar to this locality. A very fine collection has been found at this

place. * * * From Limekiln Point to Eagle Lake every part

was carefully surveyed, yet nothing of special interest appeared.

Eagle Lake is the longest of Aroostook Lakes, being about 18 miles

long and 1 wide. In one place I could not reach bottom with a

100 foot line.

Along the north shore I obtained the same species as I found in

Cross and Square Lakes, and from the deep water I obtained only

rocks and gravel, and not a fragment of a shell. Where the south

branch of Fish River enters Eagle Lake, in asand bar, a lot of fine

living specimens of Spherium striatinum Lamk., and Margaritana

undulata were collected. Throughout the thoroughfare to Portage

Lake Spherium striatinum is plentiful * * * * Nothing new

was added. A good deal of hard work was done dragging the boat

through the rapids and over rocks and ledges to Portage Lake.

Portage Lake is in parts surrounded by high hills and a very at-

tractive place for tourists. The western part is a good finding

place for mollusks. Pomatiopsis cineinnatiensis Lea, is obtained

somewhat larger in size as i’ approaches deep water; Planorbis

companulatus and P. bicarinatus are also of large size, and the

angles of the whorls in bicarinatus are very sharp. Planorbis de-

flectus is found at the bend of the lake, very large, from 8 to 9 mm. ;

Valvata tricarinata and V. sincera are also of good size.

Near the south and east corner of the lake a colony of good, large

specimens of Campeloma decisum in 6 inches of water were found. This

LZ THE NAUTILUS.

was the first place I had any opportunity to see them in any num-

ber in the north of Maine. From this place I had intended to go

to Big Fish Lake, about 20 miles west from Portage Lake, but some

of my provisions were spoiled by hot and rainy weather and I was

not able to obtain any from the farmers, therefore at the south of

the lake I engaged a team to transport us to Aroostook River, a

distance of 10 miles, over a good road.

Aroostook River is rapid and rocky the whole distance from Ash-

land to Caribou, and shells are seldom found. Margaritana mar-

garitifera Lin., are found among the rocks in from 5 to 6 feet of

water ; a dozen living specimens were obtained in the distance of 40

miles. Anodonta fragilis lives in the small streams which empty

into the river. Planorbis bicarinatus and Physa heterostropha are

sometimes plentiful. Spherium truncatum and a few Pisidia have

been found. Campeloma decisum were collected in two places, and

Ancylus tardus Say, was found on rocks in a place near Caribou in

the summer of 1895.

After three weeks have been spent in the woods it is pleasant to

arrive at home again. The specimens collected during this trip

have not all been identified.

In past years I have received valuable assistance from Professor

H. A. Pilsbry. Mr. Bryant Walker, of Mich., sent me a dredge

which has been of great value, and Dr. V. Sterki has kindly deter-

mined Pupide, Vertigos and Pisidia. My thanks are due to these

gentlemen.

We wish to impress upon our readers that subscriptions to THE

Naurtivus are payable in advance, and that we do not discontinue

until notified. Were it not that some subscribers forget to pay at the

end of the year it would not be necessary to thus emphasize the terms

of subscription. What is a small matter to each individual reader,

becomes in the aggregate a large oneto us. Our deficit in publish-

ing Vol. X has been somewhat less than in the previous year, but

is still more than we can afford to lose. Our screed upon this topie

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continued, kept their dollars! With this kind of support we could

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All who are in arrears are requested to “ pay up” this month.

H, A. P. & Co Wage

oe Neo:

Vor. XI. JUNE, 1897. No. 2.

HELICINA DYSONI.

BY CHARLES T. SIMPSON.

While collecting shells in the Island of Utilla, on the north coast

of Honduras, I frequently visited a Brickly Thatch palm grove’

which lay on the south shore. The Brickly Thatch is a curious,

small palm, with straight, slender stems, a little larger than one’s

wrist, and about twenty feet in height, surmounted by a crown of

shining, fan-shaped leaves. ‘The bases of these trees are slightly en-

larged, and they stand on a cone of stilted roots, which, with the

soil and rubbish among them, fill the conical space almost solid.

They grow thickly to the exclusion of all other vegetation, and the

curious bunches of roots completely fill the space on the ground and

make it quite difficult and awkward to get around. Under the al-

most twilight of this dense copse I found excellent collecting, and I

there discovered Colobostylus andrewse, Cylindrella bourquignatiana

and several other new species. Among other shells I kept finding

specimens of the pretty little Helicina dysoni, but always dead and.

generally faded. An enterprising collector is never satisfied with

dead shells, and I searched everywhere to find this mollusk alive—

under the dead, fallen palm leaves, in what rubbish lay around, on

the stems of the palms, and among their tough, matted roots—but

in vain, and I finally concluded that the colony, of which these were

remnants, had either died out or migrated.

One day I visited a part of the grove that I had not seen before,

a spot at its edge, and here I found a single Jiving tree which had

1 Thrinax radiata.

14 THE NAUTILUS.

fallen over. I was interested in the crown of it from a botanical

standpoint, and on examining the flowers and leaves I found a half

a dozen or more of the snails I so much wanted on the under side

of the latter. Then I looked up over head and saw, to my astonish-

ment, that there were thousands of them. I had been walking day

by day under a firmament of palms that was literally star-spangled

with the pretty Helicina dysoni. It was like the story of the navi-

gators who were perishing with thirst while sailing in the fresh

water off the mouth of the Amazon.

But finding the Helicinas was one thing and getting them was

quite another. I tried to shake the trees, but so thickly did they

stand that their tops touched each other everywhere, and I might as

well have tried to shake the post of a piazza. Then I started to

climb one of them, but the hard, sharp fibres of the wood filled my

hands and tore my clothes, and I gave that up. I looked fora pole

but there was none to be had. The mangrove scrub between me

and the sea was all short and crooked, and I found nothing suitable

in the heavy tropical forest north of me, so I went home to the ship

that night with the dozen or so I had captured, and a few dead

shells. The next day I came by way of some clumps of a curious

little palm, with slender stems an inch or more in diameter, growing

in low ground and crowned with feathery leaves. I founda straight

one among these, some 15 or 16 feet long, cut it and trimmed it with

my pocket-knife, and when I reached the palm grove I soon had a

shower of Helicinas falling around me. One soon tires of collecting

anything that is very abundant, and in a little while I had all I

cared for.

The moral of this little sketch, if it has any, is that in collecting

it is necessary to look everywhere, even in the most unlikely places,

and my experience has been that the collector who never allows

anything to escape his eyes is, as a rule, the most successful.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ACTAEON FROM THE QUATER-

NARY BLUFFS OF SPANISH BIGHT, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.

BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.

Actaeon Traskii.

Shell small, conical above, rounded below, rather solid, glossy ;

sculptured by numerous fine impressed lines or grooves which be-

THE NAUTILUS. 15

come wider toward the base of the body whorl, making the sculpture

of this part of the shell lirate ; the liree sometimes slightly grooved ;

otherwise sculptured by sharp, close set incremental threads, these

are subordinate to the spiral sculpture. Color dull cream-white

with two obscure rufous bands on the body whorl. Spire short,

obtusely conical ; whorls six ; sutures distinct, narrowly channelled ;

aperture about two-thirds the length of the shell, sharply angulated

above, rounded and effuse below, finely lirate and glossy within,

with a thin glazing on the body whorl. Outer lip simple. Colu-

mella short, with a fold curving around to and thickening the edge

of the lip below, which is moderately produced.

Length of shell i1 millimetres.

Length of body whorl 9 millimetres.

Breadth 6 millimetres.

The foregoing description is based on a single example in the col-

lection of Mr. Homer Hamlin, of Los Angeles, Cal. The above

form was collected by me in the same locality in the fall of 1887

the specimens are now in the U.S. National Museum.

It is a more robust and solid shell than the related species punc-

tocelatus Cpr., which occurs in the same locality, and which is

found living in many localities along the shore from Monterey,

southerly. [ havenamed the above for the late Dr. John B. Trask,

one of the founders of the California Academy of Science and a

pioneer in natural history investigations on the West Coast.

Los Angeles, Cal., March 15, 1897.

NOTES ON AGRIOLIMAX.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

The accompanying figures were drawn by the writer several years

ago, and sent to Mr. W. G. Binney, who kindly had them engraved

along with others which were published in the Supplements to Terr.

Moll., vol. V. These three, however, were not published, and it is

thought well to present them at this time.

Fig. 1 represents the head and anterior part of the man-

KA tle of a specimen of Agriolimax agrestis (1u.) collected by

3 Mr. Pilsbry in Philadelphia in 1889. The mantle is

Fic.1. bilobed in front, and the specimen represents the mon-

strosity bilobatus Férussac.

16 THE NAUTILUS.

<> Fig 2 represents the jaw of a specimen of Agriolimax

(Fm campestris var. hyperboreus (Westerlund), collected by

Prof. H. F. Wickham at Soda Spring, Yakima Co.,

Mic. 2. Wazeh., in 1889.

Fig. 3 represents a parasitic worm, believed

mi to be a Leptodera, from A. campestris var., col-

lected by Prof. H. F. Wickham at Quincey,

Calif., 1889.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW EULOTZ# (HELICES) FROM

CENTRAL ASIA.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

I. Cathaica Funki n. sp.

Shell much depressed, openly and rather widely umbilicated, of a

somewhat solid substance, opaque, bluish-white, paler beneath and

also above the periphery, more or less spotted with a few punctiform

and pellucid dots beneath, a little shining, but not much so above.

Spire greatly flattened, generally scarcely raised, barely convex,

apex obtuse, corneous or dark colored. Whorls 5, convex, regularly

increasing, furnished with oblique smooth lines of growth, somewhat

irregular ; the last whorl barely and gently deflected in front, sub-

depressed above, more or less roundly angled above the middle, the

angle being very obtuse and obsolete towards the aperture ; more

convex around the umbilicus. Aperture oblique, well rounded,

scarcely lunate, ample, margins not remote. Peristome simple,

widened, briefly expanded, chiefly at the columellar edge, moder-

ately thickened at the base and columella, not reflected.

Greater diam. 16-17 ; lesser 133-14; height 72-8 ; of aperture 63-

72 mill.

Karghalik, Central Asia (teste E. Funk).

Some years ago, I received this new species under the unpublished

name of Helix Funki “ Bottg.”’, and do not think it was ever de-

scribed since. In form it is like Helix obvia Hartm., but the shell

is of the same type and has the same characters of aperture as

Helix stoliczkana Nevill, of Yarkand; it, however, lacks the two

straight brown bands of that species, in which they are a constant

feature, and is more shining and less rugose. The style of color is

quite similar to that of Helix rubens, although paler, at least as

regards the three specimens now before me.

THE NAUTILUS. a7

From the same source and locality (Karghalik), I also obtained

the form I have described as Bul. kuschakewitzi, var. Funki.

II. Pseudiberus uniformis n. sp.—Helix plectotropsis (in parte) von Mart. et al—H.

plectotropsis var. uniformis, Anc. olim,

This is the so-called variety that I had formerly looked upon (Le

Naturaliste, 1887, p. 167) as a variety of Martens’ Helix plectotropis.

At that time I had a single specimen of the latter, but I now have

more of the typical form (from Lake Tssyk-Kul and Karghalik) for

comparison, so that I consider wniformis a very distinct, although

allied form. Altogether it comes from a different district (Arassan

Culak) and appears to be very constant. The characteristic features

having already been described by myself in the paper I alluded to,

I shall simply say that wniformis is a paler and more depressed shell

than plectotropis, with a wider umbilicus and much more acute keel.

III. Pseudiberus anisopleurus n. sp.

Shell rather thin, of a greenish-horn color, coarsely sculptured,

somewhat shining, closely related in form, size and shell characters

to Nevill’s mataianensis, found in the Dras Valley, region of Ladak,

but of different and uniform color. Spire convex, not much eley-

ated, obtuse. Whorls 5, convex, furnished with broad, distant and

irregular ribs, closer and more regular on the under side, but never

obsolete. Suture furnished with an appressed keel, canaliculate

above. Body whorl briefly, but not abruptly falling in front, con-

vex above the inserted keel, more so below, the keel somewhat irreg-

ular, margined on both sides, especially above where the impressed

line is very conspicuous. Umbilicus medium-sized. Aperture

oblique, transversely oval, livid within, scarcely angular internally,

barely lunate. Peristome white, moderately thickened, expanded,

reflected below, chiefly towards the umbilicus. Margins not remote,

connected by a thin shining callosity.

Great. diam. 143, less. 123 ; height 8, of aperture 62 mill.

‘Locality unknown, but judging from its very well marked affini-

ties, this fine new species for which I am indebted to my friend Dr.

A. Vayssiere, is undoubtedly from Central Asia. At a glance, I

had mistaken it for mataianensis, which is known to me from the

description and figure only, but am now satisfied it is very distinct.

The color, sculpture and characters of the suture are not the same.

In the latter respect the present Pseudiberus is more like the true

P. plectotropis, but the color is equally different, the sizé smaller

and the ribs larger and much less numerous and regular.

18 THE NAUTILUS.

NOTES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE UNIOS.

BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON.

In 1834, Dr. Jared P. Kirtland published the statement that the

sexes of the North American Unios were distinct, and that the shell

of the female was characterized by a swelling in the post-basal re-

gion, which was wanting in that of the male.’ He seems to have

thought at that time that all the American species were thus dis-

tinguished, but in a later publication he stated that he believed that

about two-thirds of the American species have differentiated shells.’

This was corroborated by Dr. Isaac Lea,’ who showed that this

enlargement of the shell of the female was for the purpose of hold-

ing the charged oviducts, which, in such forms, were found in the

posterior part of the outer branchiz. Lea, at various times, de-

scribed the soft parts of some 250 species of Naiades, mostly North

American Unios, and in a considerable number of these he found

that the embryos occupied the entire outer branchiz, while in four

species— Unio multiplicatus Lea, U. rubiginosus Lea, U. subrotundus

Lea and U. kleinianus Lea—they filled all four leaves of the

branchie.

in a statement made before the Boston Society of Natural His-

tory,’ Agassiz proposed to divide up the Naiades into genera founded

on the differences of structure of the animal as well as the characters

of the shell, and to include under one genus a number of species of

Unios, some of which (including U. alatus Say, the first one in the

list) have the post-basal inflation of the female shell, and others in

which it is lacking. Subsequently he used the name Lampsilis, of

Rafinesque, with Z. cardium Raf. as a type, and he gives in his list

under this genus a number of species, all of which have the differ-

entiated shells, and carry the young in the posterior part of the

outer branchize.°

In THE Nauriuus, for December, 1895, Dr. V. Sterki published

the results of his observations on American Unios, and gives some

1 Observations on the Sexual Characters of the Animals belonging to Lam-

arck’s family of Naiades. Am. J]. Sci. and Arts, XX VI, 1834, p. 117-120.

2 Remarks on the Sexes and Habits of some of the Acephalous Bivalve

Mollusca. Proc. Am. Assn. Adv. Sci., 1851, p. 85.

§ Description of New Freshwater and Land Shells. Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.

*Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., III, 1848-51, p. 356.

° Ueber die Gattungen unter den Nordamericanischen Najaden. Arch.

fiir Naturg., 1852, pp. 41-52.

THE NAUTILUS. 19

very interesting statements regarding their anatomy. He places

those species in which the young are carried in the posterior part of

the outer branchix, and the female shell is inflated in the post-basal

region, in a group designated as A, which he states, as a rule, have

bright shells, and are gravid from late summer to winter. In group

B all four branchix are charged throughout their length ; the shells

are generally dull colored, and do not show marked differences be-

tween male and female.

In my earlier attempts at classifying the Naiades, I based my ar-

rangement almost wholly on shell characters. I did this because in

the splendid collections of the National Museum we had either the

types or authentic specimens of a very large proportion of the

known, valid species, and because I was anxious to see whether a

classification could be based on the shells alone that would be sup-

ported by the evidence of the anatomy. I have since then ex-

amined the soft parts of a large number of species, and carefully

tabulated the results of the work of Lea and others, and I am ex-

ceedingly gratified in being able to say that in almost every case the

characters of the animal and shell seem to essentially agree. Ina

few instances, the evidence of the former has thrown important light

on relationships which could not be determined with certainty from

shell characters alone, and vice versa. In some cases, where there at

first seemed to be a contradiction, more careful study has shown es-

sential agreement.

There are certainly two great groups of North American Unios.

In the first the shell is generally, though not always, covered with a

hard, smooth, bsight epidermis, which is often rayed or marked

with patterns of attractive color. It is rarely sculptured with any-

thing beyond slight concentric ridges, and in only a few instances

has it any ridge on the posterior slope, and, with possibly one or two

exceptions, the outline is never arcuate, even in old age. The fe-

male shell is usually decidedly swollen in the posterior basal region

to accommodate that part of the outer branchiz which contains the

embryos. The beak sculpture is generally delicate, consisting, for

the most part, of close, fine, paralled ridges, which have a tendency

to fall into an anterior and posterior loop, the latter sharp pointed

below.

The embryos are contained in the posterior part of the outer

branchiz. The ovisacks are distinct, being sepurated by a suture,

and the whole marsupium is rounded below, projecting generally,

20 THE NAUTILUS.

especially when filled with young, below the inner gill. A slight

fold commonly runs around it near the base, and parallel with it,

which is often seen even when the whole is distended with young.

The specialized marsupium of this group may be easily detected,

even when it is empty, and when full it isa most beautiful object,

the bases of the ovisacks being often rounded and colored. There

are three or four, perhaps more, groups of this great division; one

typified by such oblong, smooth forms as Unio anodontoides, luteolus,

cariosus and levissimus; another in which the inflated part of the

shell is of different texture from the rest, is often distinctly marked

out, and sculptured with radiating ridges ending in teeth at the

edge, including Unio perplexus, sulcatus, brevidens and the like; a

third containing short forms with a distinct posterior ridge and re-

markably painted epidermis, such as Unio securis, donaciformis and,

perhaps, caperatus and dromus.

This great group is certainly entitled to generic rank, and the

divisions I have indicated may perhaps be made into subgenera. I

believe that the name Lampsilis, proposed by Rafinesque, and after-

wards used by Agassiz, may be applied to this genus.

The second great group contains forms in which there does not

appear to be any special differentiation in shells due to sexual char-

acters, and which are true Unios. In fact I consider the question

as to the distinction or separation of the sexes in the true Unios

and Anodontas far from being settled, although it is one which has

been fought over since the time of Leuwenhock until the present.

A number of excellent authorities have declared, after making many

careful dissections, that the sexes of these forms were separate ;

others equally capable have concluded that they were united, others

that the earlier stage was that of a male and later on a female,

while still others claim to have found the sexes united in some in-

dividuals and separated in others.

The shells of this great group are usually rather dull in color ex-

ternally, they often have a decided posterior ridge, and generally

become arcuate in outline in old age. The beak sculpture, as a

rule, is rather coarse and irregular, in most cases consisting of a few

nearly straight bars, which are thickened where they pass over the

posterior slope. At the extreme anterior and posterior dorsal por-

tions of the young shell there are often found fine, radiating ridges,

which sometimes pass below into the heavy, horizontal undulations.

The embryos are distributed throughout the whole length of the

THE NAUTILUS. AL

gills, the branchiz when distended with them being perfectly smooth

outside, and looking like pads. There seem to be two great groups

of these forms, one characterized by simple, oval or oblong shells

destitute of any strong sculpture, and probably carrying the young,

as a rule, only in the outer branchiz, and this includes in the

United States such forms as Unio gibbosus Bar., U. tetralasmus Say,

U. buckleyi Lea, U. crassidens Lam. and U. complanatus Sol., and

these are probably closely related to the European species. The

other group has short, rather solid, often inflated shells, with a wide,

heavy hinge plate, and it includes nearly all the pustulous, and all

the plicate sculptured forms. Lea found the inner and outer gills

filled with embryos in four of these species: U. multiplicatus Lea,

subrotundus Lea, kleinianus Lea, and rubiginosus Lea, and it is

probable that, under favorable conditions, all or most of these spe-

cies carry young to some extent, in the inner as well as the outer

gill, though so far as I have observed the inner gill is never so com-

pactly filled as the outer, and it is quite probable that with unfav-

orable conditions the former may not be used as a marsupium.

Besides these there are a few aberrant forms which may be, as

Wetherby has suggested, “ geological remnants,” such as Unio

phaseolus Hild., U. irroratus Lea, and U. cornutus Bar., having

remarkable modifications of the branchial uterus or marsupium.

These three species will probably have to stand as the types of as

many genera.

But little is known concerning the anatomy of the foreign Unios.

The soft parts of all the European species have been examined, I

believe, and descriptions which go into the minutize, so far as color

and trifling peculiarities of form are concerned, have been pub-

lished, but which give no idea of vital characters or structure.

From all tbat I can learn the anatomy of the European forms is

very much like that of the cireumboreal Unio margaritiferus, which

is much like that of Unio gibbosus, crassidens, tetralasmus and the

like. Of the Oriental and African forms I know almost nothing.

I have examined the soft parts of gravid specimens of Unio gabo-

nensis Kuster from Tropical West Africa, and found that in them

the embryos filled the inner branchiz alone.

It has been surmised that there was a close relationship between

the Australasian Unios and those of South America. The shells of

the species of the two faunas agree very closely in all characters ;

in being destitute of rays, and having a uniform olive-green epider-

Hy THE NAUTILUS.

mis and a slightly concentrically sculptured surface, simple out-

lines, rather dull, bluish-white nacre, compressed cardinals and im-

perfectly radial beak sculpture. Lea examined gravid specimens

of Unio peculiaris Lea, and firmus Lea from South America, and

found that only the inner gill was filled with embryos. Suter

reported the same thing from an examination of Unio menziezi

Gray from New Zealand. I recently received some fine alcoholic

specimens of that species from him, and on examining them found,

to my astonishment, that they agreed with Lea’s descriptions of the

soft parts of the South American forms as exactly as if they were

the very animals that he had described. In all three species the

outer gill is greatly produced below in the middle, the anal opening

is destitute of papille, and there is no super anal opening at all,

characters which are conspicuousin the South American species. I

had previously placed these Australasian and South American

Unios in a subgenus by themselves, for which I used the name

Diplodon, applied by Spix to some Brazilian forms,° but I am satis-

fied that they are entitled to generic rank, and Spix’s name may be

used for the group. I do not believe that they belong to the same

phylum with the Unio gabonensis which, from conchological charac-

ters, seems much more closely related to the forms of Southern

India. This seems to add another link to the chain of evidence

which goes to prove a relationship between the faunas of Australa-

sia and South America, and it is a question whether this relation

came about on account of migration, by way of an Antarctic land

way from one continent to another, or whether the two faunas are

remnants of an earlier and generally distributed northern fauna that

was driven south and superceded by more modern forms. The

Unios of South America and Australasia are simple forms, both

anatomically and conchologically. Long ago Ihering predicted

that the earliest Unios would be found to have radial beak sculp-

ture; and two of the fossil species recently described by the

writer’ from what are supposed to be the Triassic freshwater beds

of Texas have that which is strictly radial. In the Australasian

and South American forms the beak sculpture is imperfectly radial,

the central rays curve together and generally coalesce, and in some

® The Classification and Geographical Distribution of the Pearly Fresh-

water Mussels. Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, X VIII, 1896, p. 302.

7 Description of Four New Triassic Unios from the Staked Plains of Texas.

Proc. U. 8. Nat. Museum, XVIII, 1896, pp. 381--385.

THE NAUTILUS. De

cases they are slightly broken. In some of the Indian and African

forms this sculpture becomes irregularly rayed and zig-zagged; in

the European forms it becomes somewhat concentric and often

broken, while in Lampsilis we have the farthest departure from the

simply radial, that is, the rays are all looped and joined in the cen-

ter, where they are drawn up towards the beak. This genus has

without doubt the most highly developed animal of any of the

Unios, and is, in all probability, the most modern. I have seen no

extinct forms which certainly belong to it, and it was probably

developed in North American waters, to which it is still confined.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

‘

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

COLLECTING IN MONTEREY BAY.

(Extract from the report of Mrs. E. H. King. From the Transactions of the Isaac

Lea Chapter for 1896.)

In the month of September I spent two weeks at Monterey Bay,

and collected shells on about three miles of shore-line, rocky head-

lands and sandy beaches. Along the shore I found many patches of

soil literally packed with fossil shells. In the black soil they are

soft and crumple easily, but in the sand hills near the light house

they are quite firm. Haliotis rufescens Swains, is the most abundant,

but there are also great numbers of H. cracherodii Leach, and a

variety of limpets; also Chlorostoma funebrale A. Ad. I found in

the sand hills a large perfect shell of Purpura canaliculata Duclos,

much larger than any of the live shells I have seen.

We go down on the rocks as the tide goes out, take our lunch with

us, and work until the tide rises and compels us to return. The

first shells we find are the Littorinas, so very plentiful that large

spaces and crevices are full of them. Two species abound L. plan-

axis and L. scutulata. There also the limpet appears, Acmca spec-

trum is the highest, but is also found low down, and larger near low

water. Next were Acmea patina Esch., and A. scabra Nutt., then

appears A. persona and A. pelta Esch. Lottia gigantea Gray, is very

near low water mark, and a few large specimens of nearly all the

others, the lower on the rocks they were the larger were their thin

shells. Here also I found a few shells of Gadinia reticulata Sby.

24 THE NAUTILUS.

Acmea asmi was numerous on Chlorostomas. A. mitra Esch. and

A. rosacea Cpr. were found on the sandy beaches.

Monoceros lapilloides Conr., are quite abundant in the crevices of

rocks constantly washed by the tide, and in the same localities a few

M. engonatum Conr. Here also in the roaming breakers were large

quantities of Purpura saxicola Val. There seem to be three well

defined varieties, white with many Jarge varices, almost black with

small varices, and smooth with bands of brown. Among the rocks

and in little pools of water were large quantities of Chlorostoma fune-

brale A. Ad. They seem to be of two varieties, one plain and smooth

and the other with a crinkled band around the body-whorl. The

latter most abundant and largest in size. Chlorostoma brunneum

Phil., is in the same locality but not nearly so numerous. Many of

the C. brunneum are dead shells inhabited by the hermit crabs. In

the same pools were Calliostoma costatum Mart. but numbers of them

dead and the hermit crab in possession of the premises. A few C.

canaliculatum Mart. and C. annulatum, were also found but they

were not such fine shells, as those washed upon the shore by the

storms of winter. Low down on the rocks in the roaring waves were

found some Haliotis eracherodii and some fine sea urchins. With the

Haliotis we found a large beautiful Rupellaria lamellifera Conr.

The mussels are very abundant in some places, literally darkening

the rock. I think I found four species; Modiola modiolus L., M.

recta, Mytilus edulis and M. californianus Cony. Crepidula adunea

Sby., was very abundant on the shells of Chlorostoma and C. navi-

celloides Nutt. in the apertures of dead shells. I found a number of

Chitons but have not yet been able to classify them.

On the beaches I found many species of shells that I have never

found alive, Olivella biplicata Sby., Conus californianus Hds,, Nassa

mendica Gld., Amphissa corrugata Rve., Astyris gausapata Gld.,

Marginella jewettii Cpr., Lacuna unifasciata Cpr., Bittium quadrijila-

tum Gld., and many others.

On the large beach at Monterey I found many rocks containing

dead shells of borers, Parapholas californica and Pholadidea penita.

In deep quiet pools at Point Pinas I found beautiful starfish. Some

of a deep orange color, others dark red, some dark purple, others

pale yellow. I saw some beautiful Anemones differing from any I

had seen, they were eight or ten inches in diameter, and beautifully

iridescent, the play of colors resembling a great opal with greenish

lights. The holidays ended, and reluctantly I said good-bye to the

beautiful bay.

‘hae. N Beril us:

Vor. XI. JULY, 1897. No. 3.

SYNOPSIS OF THE PINNIDZ OF THE UNITED STATES AND WEST

INDIES.

BY WM. H. DALL.

In revising the Tertiary Pinnide it became necessary to examine

the recent species and their synonymy. As certain changes in the

accepted nomenclature appear necessary, the following synopsis

may be useful.

Family PINNID.

Genus Pinna Linné, 1758.

Valves medially sulcate.

Pinna rudis (Linné) Chemn., (++ pernula Reeve non Chemn.) ;

Bermuda, Bahamas.

Pinna carnea Gmelin, (++ pernula Chemn. non Reeve; + degen-

era Link, 1807; + flabellum (Lam.) Reeve, 1858; + varicosa

(Lam.) Orb., 1853; + ? bullata (Swains.) Reeve, 1858).

Florida Keys, north to near Hatteras and south to Trinidad ; also

in the Red Sea.

Genus A'rrtna Gray, 1847.

Valves entire.

Atrina rigida Dillwyn apud Solander, 1817, (+ pectinata Born

non Linné; + seminuda Lam., 1819, non Reeve; + alta Sby.,

1835; -+ subviridis Reeve, 1858; + dorbignyi Hanley, 1858; +

carolinensis Hanley, 1858; + ramulosa Reeve, 1858; + seminuda

Holmes, 1859; +- muricata of American authors, but not of Linné

or Reeve).

26 THE NAUTILUS.

Cape Fear, North Carolina, to the northern shores of South

America.

Atrina serrata Sowerby, 1825, (+ squamosissima Phil., 1849; +

seminuda Reeve, non Lam.; + muricata Holmes, non Linné or

Reeve ; -++ seminuda of American authors, not Lam.).

Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Guadeloupe, West Indies.

The type of serrata was a very young shell with finely developed

sculpture. The true Pinna muricata (L.) Reeve, is probably an

Oriental species, it is not at present known from America.

ON TWO SO-CALLED ‘‘BULIMI”’ FROM THE NEW HEBRIDES.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

Several years ago, Dr. Wm. D. Hartman described and figured

two very interesting land shells from Segon Island, New Hebrides

Archipelago, under the names of “ Bulimus” ruga and “ Bulimus”

Bernieri. The English diagnoses and illustrations of these appeared

in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-

phia, 1890, page 284, plate III, figs. 1 and 2. These shells were

until quite recently known to me from the figures and descriptions

quoted above, but I succeeded when in Paris in December, 1896, in

procuring specimens. My opinion was they were not at all

“ Bulimi” as suggested by Dr. Hartman, but modified forms of the

Diplomorpha type. I now think there can be but little doubt they

belong to the latter genus. The texture of shell, outline and exter-

nal characters are not dissimilar, and in the best preserved speci-

mens of Diplomorpha ruga and bernieri both have the throat tinged

with blood-red color asin the typical D. /ayardi, although the de-

scriber mentioned the fact in one of them only. No epidermis re-

mains on the shells, not very numerous indeed, observed by me, but

it may be very deciduous, and its absence gives the shells a rough

and uneven appearance. I am indebted to Mr. Ph. Dautzenberg

for a nice example of bernieri, and the shell is somewhat straw-

colored like ruga. Of the latter, I procured two specimens, one

much larger than the type, the other, on the contrary, considerably

smaller. The parietal denticle is wanting in the species under con-

sideration, as well as in Diplomorpha delatouri.

Segon Island, the locality where ruga and Berniert were found,

is, I believe, in the Espiritu Santo group, that is, in the northern

THE NAUTILUS. 27

portion of the Archipelago, but is not on the maps accessible to me.

Mr. Crosse, in his recent paper on the New Caledonia land and

freshwater shells published in the “ Journal de Conchyliologie,”

said that “ Helix” singularis and its allies, represent in that fauna

the New Hebrides Diplomorpha, but I fail to detect so great an

analogy. It is right to observe, by the by, that singularis is really

found on Aneitum, one of the New Hebrides; Mr. E. L. Layard

sent me two specimens from there, much smaller than any one I

ever saw from New Caledonia, but otherwise quite the same. I

must add that the true Pseudopartula (type Helix galericulum Mous-

son), has nothing to do with this Melanesian group, and are

evidently related to Amphidromus. Montrouzier’s name Drapar-

naudia should be applied to singularis and sinistrorsa. The affini-

ties of the genus are difficult to state until the soft parts are ex-

amined.

I avail myself of the opportunity of adding three species to the

list of New Caledonian species of Mr. Crosse who certainly over-

looked them, viz., Helicina nehoueensis, bourailensis and saxoniana,

all of Hartman.

A NEW CANCELLARIA FROM THE ALABAMA EOCENE.

BY T. H. ALDRICH.

‘Cancellaria lanceolata n. sp.

Shell elongated, whorls seven, first three nuclear and smooth, the

others cancellated and having three strong revolving lines, the mid-

dle one much the larger, the cost numerous and fine.

Whorls are shouldered, suture deeply marked; body

whorl with seven or eight revolving raised lines. Aper-

ture oblong, outer lip serrated by the raised lines, nearly

smooth within. Columella lip without callus, bearing

two or more folds, part of the raised lines passing into

the aperture to form them ; canal short, oblique, slightly

twisted, no umbilicus. Length 73, diam. 3% mm.

Locality.— Choctaw Corner, Ala. Woods Bluff horizon.

This little shell has some resemblance to C. pulcherima H. C.

Lea, but Mr. C. W. Johnson, of the Wagner Free Institute of

Science, has compared the two and finds the above distinct. The

28 THE NAUTILUS.

specimens are not fully matured. One of the two specimens has

been presented to the “ Lea Collection,” inthe Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia.

ON A COLLECTION OF MOLLUSKS FROM GRAND TOWER, ILLINOIS.

BY FRANK C. BAKER.

During the latter part of April and first part of May, Mr. Frank

M. Woodruff spent two weeks collecting birds in Jackson and Union

Counties, Illinois, and incidentally picked up a number of mollusks,

and the general conditions of the locality, and the small number of

shells collected seem to warrant a few notes. ‘This locality is situa-

ted on the Mississippi River, north of Big Muddy River, in the

southwestern part of the State.

Of the localites visited Mr. Woodruff says: ‘The shells were

found in a rocky glen or cleft in the center of the chain of high

precipices known by the names of Fountain Bluff, Devil’s Bake

Oven and Backbone. This cleft or ravine begins about three-quar-

ters of a mile from the face of the cliff and gradually descends in a

northwesterly direction until the bottom is reached, and one may

stand upon a broad shelf of rock ten feet from the ground, with

high overhanging cliffs of bare rock on both sides. A stream of

clear spring water flows down this ravine and falling over the high

shelves of rock has formed numerous round pools or basins. I was

surprised to find no shells in the stream, and could only collect a few

specimens of Limnea humilis, which I found clinging to the wet

moss under the falls. The balance of the shells were found under

the moss and old logs at the base of the cliff’ Fountain Bluff is five

miles from the town of Grand Tower, and is three miles long from

north to south and about one and a half miles wide. According to

Worthen’s Geology of Illinois, the Backbone or ridge is formed by

an uplift of Devonian strata which is tilted to an angle of about 25°,

and dips to the northeast. The bluffs consist of Chester limestone

and sandstone overlaid by conglomerate. The top of the bluff is

covered with a rich growth of timber, among which are Willow,

Sweet Gum, Qupelo-tree, Sycamore, Cottonwood, Honey Locust,

Hock Berry, Box Alder, Red Birch, White Ash, Black Ash, Red

Oak, Mulberry, Persimmon, White and Black Oak, ete., are the

most common.”

THE NAUTILUS. 29

Thirteen species were obtained, and may be noted as follows:

1. ’CrrcinaRIA CONCAVA Say. A number of large and typical

specimens of this species were collected and kept alive for a long

time on the writer’sdesk. On May 18th two individuals were noted

in coitu, the coitus lasting from 8 o’clock A. M. to 6 o’clock P. M.

During this time both animals were perfectly quiet, the eye pedun-

cles and tentacles drawn into the head and the foot contracted to

form a rounded oval. During the coitus the heart, which normally

beats about 75 times per minute, was reduced to 19 very slow and

long beats. The foot of the snail taking the active part was partly

covered by the passive snail, and the former’s head was slightly

lifted. The specimens measured about 15 mill. in greatest diameter.

2. VITREA ARBOREA Say. A few specimens of this species were

obtained under and in rotting logs. All were perfectly typical.

3. OMPHALINA FULIGINOSA Griffith. The specimens obtained

were rather dark in color and about half grown, the umbilicus wide

and deep.

4. PoLyGyRA (MESODON) ALBOLABRIS Say. But a single speci-

men of this species was obtained alive, and that was very large,

measuring 34 mill. in greatest diameter. The animal was kept in

captivity for several weeks, and was more active than any of the

other species of Mesodon that the writer has studied. It wasstarted

at the bottom of a book case door four feet long and reached the top

in about half an hour. The examination of the lingual membrane

gave 45-1-44 teeth with ten perfect laterals. In this membrane the

38th tooth was abnormal in having three well formed cusps of equal

size, instead of a bifid inner cusp.

5. PotyGyra (Mrsopon) ExOLETA Binney. Several typical

specimens of this species were collected, among which there was one

without the parietal tooth. The lingual membrane of one specimen

gave 47-1-47 teeth with eight perfect laterals. The marginals

were very variable, some being with and some without side cusps.

It is probable that several teeth were torn away from this mem-

brane, although there could not have been the normal number given

by Binney, 60-1-60.

6. PotyGyra (MEsODON) THYROIDES Say. All specimens were

of the normal form.

‘For the change in names of several of the genera and species here listed,

see Pilsbry, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1894--97, where adequate reasons are given.

30 THE NAUTILUS.

7. PoLtyGyra (TRIODOPSIS) TRIDENTATA FRAUDULENTA Pilsbry.

A single specimen of this subspecies was collected by Mr. Woodruff.

Its radula differed considerably from that given in Binney’s Manual

of American Land Shells (p. 292), where 40-1-40 teeth with 12

perfect laterals is given. The present specimen had 27-1-27 teeth

with 11 perfect laterals. The 17th tooth had a bifid inner cutting

point, but all before it were simple. The 13th tooth showed a

decided modification. The jaw was as usual, with 12 rather stout

ribs.

8. PotyGyra (TRrIopopsis) INFLECTA Say. The specimens col-

lected were of the usual form.

9. PoLyGyrRa (STENOTREMA) MONODON FRATERNA Say. The

specimens examined had 51-1-31 teeth on the lingual membrane

with 10 perfect laterals, and the 13th tooth had a bifid inner cutting

point.

10. PotyGyra (STENOTREMA) HIRSUTUM Say. The specimens

obtained were of the normal form. One specimen measured 8? mill.

in greatest diameter. The radula was as given by Binney, 22-1-22

teeth with 10 perfect laterals, and the jaw had eight ribs.

11. PyRAMIDULA ALTERNATA Say. The specimens collected are

rather coarsely striated (or ribbed) and approach var. mordax

Shuttl., but the ribbing is not quite as strong as in that variety.

12. PYRAMIDULA PERSPECTIVA Say. Among the specimens ob-

tained was one measuring 10 mill. in greatest diameter.

18. Limn#A HuMILIS Say. A number of specimens were col-

lected in the moss under a waterfall. Mr. Woodruff reports finding

all the specimens out of the water.

It was remarkable that so few species of mollusks were found, and

also that the species were so few in individuals. Mr. Woodruff says

that a part of the region is made up of sandstone and conglomerate,

and this may account for the great paucity of molluscan life. Mr.

Woodruff searched diligently many times, particularly for the

smaller forms, and states that at no time did he find more than one

shell at one time, all seeming to live solitary lives.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. }

Through the courtesy of Mr. Herbert Lowe, the writer had the

pleasure of meeting our former member, Mr. Edward W. Roper of

THE NAUTILUS. 31

Revere, Mass. Mr. Roper is now in Pasadena, Cal. He was one of

the founders of our chapter. One of his contributions to the Trans-

actions of the chapter in its early days was an interesting paper on

‘“‘ Studies in the Genera Spherium and Pisidium,” in 1889.

Mr. J. J. White, of Rockledge, Florida, has gone to Frankfort,

Mich. for the summer months. The Vol. of Transactions should be

sent to him at the latter address.

One of our valued members, in a letter, tells of a unique way in

which devil-fish are caught by some foreigners. The following is an

extract from the letter, written from San Diego County, Cal.; “ We

met two men and a woman, apparently Portuguese and from La

Playa, who were making a collection of devil-fish. One of the men

carried a pail of lime water, and when they came to a devil-fish

residence, he would pour half a pint or so of the lime water into the

hole, and await developments. And they would come every time,

too. It would be a very short time till the devil-fish would come

squirming out of his hole, to get away from the lime, and be picked

up by the men, thrown down on the rocks two or three times, until

he was partially stunned, and then put with his fellows in a pail

carried for the purpose. We watched the proceedings two or three

times, and G. asked what they were going to do with them; ‘eat

them, they are fine,’ was the astounding answer. It sounded like

the biggest kind of a joke, but the people did not look or act so.”

As the Chinese are said to eat these mollusks there is no doubt they

were in earnest. How they could locate the Octopus in each hole,

is, to the writer, a mystery.

FLORIDA SHELLS.

[Extract from the report of Mr. J. J. White. From the Transactions of the Isaac

Lea Conchological Chapter for 1896.]

Business calling me to Miami and Palm Beach in July, I deter-

mined not to let so fine an opportunity for collecting pass without

improving it. After concluding my business at Miami and Cocoa-

nut Grove, I started out to hunt for the beautiful Orthalicus undatus

Brug. and Liguus fasciatus Mill, but much to my regret was

soon compelled to stop my search on account of the myriads of

mosquitoes which infested the dense hummocks in which I was

searching. I only succeeded in finding three live Orthalicus and

one dead Liguus and some live Helix varians. Hoping for

32 THE NAUTILUS.

better success I started out on the waters of Bay Biscayne, and was

well repaid for doing so by discovering a colony of seventeen Pyrula

papyratia. They were all moving along, a compact body, to the

northward, and it was one of the finest sights I have ever seen while

collecting. The animals were beautifully marked with crimson and

brown spots. Their eyes were large and black, and their long, flat

heads and necks were light gray. It seemed hard to have to take

them from their native element and kill them for their shells.

Four very fine Cyprea exanthema were found clinging to some

mangrove roots, while close by on some rocks, several feet above

the water, was a colony of hundreds of Tectarius muricatus and

among them a handful of small Nerita versicolor. Already having

a good supply of Tectarius at home, I only collected a few of the

largest, and the Neritas. Littorina lineata covered the rocks every-

where, but I did not molest them. One very fine Area noae was

soon added to those already in the basket. Some fine Arca ponder-

osa were also found. Fulgur perversum, F. carica, F’. pyrum were

quite plentiful, but they were only small ones, so only a few of each

were taken. ;

My time being limited, I had to get back to Miami to take the

train for Palm Beach, on Lake Worth—Lake Worth being my old

and favorite collecting place. It would be difficult to find a better

collecting place, for its size, than the flats around Lake Worth In-

let. Lake Worth is a fine body of salt water lying parallel with the

Atlantic Ocean, and separated from it by a narrow strip of land

which, in some places, is only a very few rods in width. It is

twenty-two miles long and averages from one-half to three-quarters

of a mile in width. The sands washing in from the ocean have

formed a large flat inside the lake at the inlet, and it is there we do

our collecting. I have spent many days there very profitably. In the

two days spent there in July I collected about three hundred Strom-

bus pugilis in all stages of growth; Strombus accipitrinus, S. bituber-

culatus and 8. gigas to be had for the taking. I also found, in lim-

ited numbers, Lucina tigrina, L. pennsylvanica and L. divaricata,

Dosinia elegans, Dolium galea, Cassis canaliculatus, C. testiculus,

OCardium magnum and C. isocardia, while on every hand Nassa

vibex, Cerithium minimum, C.muscarum, C. literatum, C. floridanum,

Neritina virginea and Iphigenia brasiliana were found by the thou-

sands.

On the rocks on the north side of the inlet were found numbers

of Purpura hemastoma and P. hemastoma var. undata. The rocks

THE NAUTILUS. an

there are literally covered with Siphonaria lineolata and Littorina

lineata. One thing was very noticeable to me while collecting there,

and that was the great numbers of Strombus pugilis. While living

on the lake for seven years, I only found six living onesin the lake,

and now there are thousands. The largest, S. gigas, are fast disap-

pearing.

While on the flats at the old inlet, one mile below the present in-

let, I discovered a colony of Cerithium minimum which attracted

my attention by their distorted growth, and I at once collected half

a pint of them. The spot where they were located was somewhat

higher than the main flat, and at low tide would be exposed for

several hours at a time. Whether this exposure caused this strange

growth, or some other condition of immediate surroundings, I am

at a loss to determine. I took especial pains to examine those at

the present inlet, and I failed to find the distorted ones there, al-

though they, at times, are exposed to the sun at low tides.

I found some Calistas on the mud flats east of Pitt’s Island, a

mile north of the inlet, which were new to me. On sending them

to Professor Pilsbry they proved to be Calista varians, and are said

to be the first reported from Florida. Suites of these have been

sent to the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia and to the

Smithsonian Institution and to some members of the Chapter, and

so the list was soon disposed of. I also found a nice suit of Venus

eribraria, which was also given to the Smithsonian Institution. I

came away from Lake Worth well pleased with the results of two

days’ collecting.

During the past year I have made thirty-seven exchanges with

persons in all sections of the country, and have added four hundred

and twenty different varieties to my collection. My correspondence

with the members of the Chapter has been pleasant, and all the ex-

changes very satisfactory. (Mr. White’s generous offer to send

shells to the members of our Chapter was published in THE Nav-

Titus for February. By this time the stock would be exhausted).

NOTES AND NEWS.

SINISTRAL AMPULLARIA.—It may be of interest to readers of the

Nauriuus to know that in the collection of Ampullaria of the Acad-

emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, numbering about an hun-

34 THE NAUTILUS.

dred species, but one sinistral individual was found, of the species

A. conica Wood. It is a clearly defined Ampudllaria, and could not

be confounded with the genus Lanistes—Jennie E. Letson.

Hevicina RaBet, n.sp. Shell lenticular, acutely carinated low-

conic above; yellowish- or fleshy-white or red variously banded and

figured ; surface finely sulcate spirally. Whorls 32, flat above, the

last convex below the acute peripheral keel. Aperture subtriangu-

lar, oblique, dark red: within, at least in part; peristome well ex-

panded, white; axial callous heavy, rugose, varying from dark

reddish-brown to translucent whiteinecolor. Alt. 6°3, greatest diam.

11, lesser 8°7 mm. Another specimen measures, alt. 5°2, diameters

9and 75 mm. Pelew Is. (Dr. Rabe). This acutely keeled and

spirally lirate species is remarkably variable in coloration. Types,

no. 68,854 coll. A. N.S. P., presented by Mr. John Ford. —H. A.

Pilsbry.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

’ Professor Wm. H. Dall’s Report on the Mollusks collected by the

International Boundary Commission of the United States and Mex-

ico, 1892-1894 (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1896, issued in 1897), is one

of the most important documents yet published upon the inland

mollusk fauna of the southwest. It treats of a region rarely visited

by snail collectors, and consequently but little known, and places

the conchology of the region on a solid basis. The region north of

Mexico, between the Rio Grande and the Colorado, seems to be a

prolongation northward of the fauna of the mountains of northern

Mexico, rather than a southern extension of that of the Great Basin

west of the Rocky Mountains. It presents features due to contri-

butions from the Californian and Mexican regions, the latter pre-

dominating, with afew stragglers from the north. The plains are

almost uniformly arid and frequently alkaline, and nearly all the

Pulmonates were collected at the upper levels of the various mount-

ain ranges near the boundary. Epiphragmophora extends into the

region, being represented in Arizona and New Mexico by four spe-

cies, of which two, arizonensis and hachitana are new. The Poly-

gyra levettei groups proves to be prolific in species, five, of which

four are described by Dall, being found. The classification of Holo-

spira proposed in the last volume of THe Naurruus is fully set forth

THE NAUTILUS. 35

and new species figured. Cionella lubrica and Pyramidula strigosa

are among the northern species occurring in the Boundary region.

The discussion of the Boundary fauna is followed by an extended

treatment of the Lower Californian Bulimuli,in which a number of

obscure matters are righted. In conclusion is given a list of marine

mollusks from the termination of the international boundary and

from San Clemente Island.

Evidence is adduced indicating that within comparatively recent

geologic time, probably Post-Pliocene, Mexico has been almost in-

sulated from the Continent north of it.

The Journal de Conchyliologie for April, 1896 (issued about

April 7, 1897), contains an important article on Plewrobranchus and

related genera, by Prof. A. Vayssiére, of Marseilles.

Dr. R. Ellsworth Call has added a valuable paper to the scant

literature of American cave faunas in his Notes on the Flora and

Fauna of Mammoth Cave, Ky. (American Naturalist, May, 1897).

The only mollusk found by him in the cave is a Carychium, consid-

erably like C. exiguum, which he describes as C. stygium. About

150 examples were collected in “ Mammoth Dome,” on the wet sur-

faces of old bridge timbers, which have been lying undisturbed for

forty or fifty years.

Dr. Heinrich Simroth gives a preliminary communication upon

Russian slugs,’ based upon the study of materials in the Zoological

Museum of the Imperial Academy and the Senckenberg Museum

at Frankfurt. The Caucasus Mountain region is the district of

greatest peculiarity, having a number of special types. Simroth

truly says that for the satisfactory working out of the species and

their inter-relationships, the investigation of the genitalia and intes-

tinal tract suffice; but for the understanding of the genera and

their phylogeny, the other organs, especially the heart, pallial re-

gion, kidney and lung must be examined, a condition very rarely

fulfilled. The Testacellide and Arionide are briefly commented on,

and the following genera of Limacide noted: Agriolimax, Para-

limax, Lytopelta, Gigantolimax, Metalimax, Monochroma, Parma-

cellu. Metalimax and Monochroma are new, the former near Para-

limaz, but differing in the male genitalia; the latter is near Limaz,

but the eye-retractor does not pass between branches of genitalia,

1Annuaire du Mus. Zool. de l’ Acad. Imp. des Sci. de St. Petersburg, 1896.

36 THE NAUTILUS.

etc. It is hoped that nothing will hinder the timely comple-

tion of this important work.

Another thorough anatomical paper, “Beitrage zur Kenntniss der

Coniden,’ by Dr. R. Bergh, has appeared (Nova Acta der K.

Leop.-Carol. Deutchen Akad. der Naturforscher, LXV, No. 2). It

is a well illustrated work on the soft anatomy of one of the most

prominent families of marine Gastropods, the Conide, which, like

many other groups, has long been well known conchologically, but

only slightly anatomically. C. Pealii is the only United States

species investigated.

In their “ Diagnoses d’Esp. Nouv. de Pélécypodes et de Gastéro-

podes ” (Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1897), by Ph. Dautzenberg and H.

Fischer, a good many species from the eastern Atlantic dredged by

the “ Hirondelle”’ and ‘ Princesse Alice,” are described but not

figured. Amphirissoa, Basilissopsis and Aliceia are new genera.

Species of Turcicula, Cocculina, Cetoconcha and other interesting

genera are included. Mons. H. Fischer seems to be following in

the footsteps of his distinguished father. In M. Dautzenberg he has

an experienced and able collaborator.

Mr. Charles Hedley bas recently described and figured a second

fine species of Thersites from New Guinea, T. septentrionalis. It is

more elevated than 7. broadbenti, more like the Queensland T.

etheridgei (Ree. Austr. Museum, III, No. 1). In conjunction with

Dr. Arthur Willey, the same author describes a new Astralium of

the subgenus Guildfordia, from New Britain. It is some 45 mm.

in diam., and resembles the well-known A. triumphans from Japan.

Messrs. Melvill and Ponsonby have contributed to the Annals and

Magazine of Natural History for June, 1897, another article upon

Land and Fresh Water Mollusca from South Africa. New species

of Achatina, Ennea, Pupa and other genera are described, and also

a species of Hapalus,a Bulimoid group not hitherto found so far

south.

An interesting paper by Mr. Harold Heath (Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phila.) demonstrates the possession of small but well developed

tegmenta upon the valves of young Californian Cryptochiton Stellert.

There are also small “sutural tufts,’ homologous with those of

Acanthochites. A good plate illustrates these and other features.

ee Ne@ericus.

Vou. XI. AUGUST, 1897. No. 4.

NOTE ON LANDSHELLS FROM THE MALAY PENINSULA.

BY W. HeSDALT.

The National Museum has received an interesting small lot of

landshells from Dr. W. L. Abbott, collected in the vicinity of

Prang, on the Malay Peninsula. One of them appears to be new,

and particularly elegant. The others have been identified by the

aid of Mr. Charles T. Simpson and Professor H. A. Pilsbry. The

list is as follows :

Ariophanta retrorsa Gould.

Planispira hardowini De Morgan.

Hemiplecta Leechi De Morgan.

Macrochlamys resplendens Phil.

Macrochlamys diadema Dall, n. sp.

Helicarion lineolatus von Martens.

Amphidromus sinensis Benson, small var. ?

Amphidromus xiengensis L. Morelet.

Amphidromus sp. indet. (immature).

Cyclophorus Nevillei von Martens.

Cyclophorus Pfeitfert Sowerby.

Cyclophorus Cantori Benson.

Leptopoma vitreum Lesson.

Vivipara quadrata Benson.

Nanina (Macrochlamys ?) diadema n. sp.

Shell translucent yellow-brown, polished, depressed, with six

and a half whorls, of which the apical two and a half are pale and

smooth, the remainder show a deeply channeled suture outside of

38 THE NAUTILUS.

which the whorl rises abruptly, its rounded crest cut into rounded

nodules like the joints of a millipede by deeply incised lines in har-

mony with the lines of growth; there are about 38 of these divisions

on the last whorl]; the incisions override the crest and extend nearly

to the periphery, becoming gradually fainter ; periphery and base

marked only by incremental lines, rounded, with a minute perforate

umbilicus, over which a small portion of the inner lip is bent ; peri-

stome thin, sharp, the body showing hardly any callus; max. diam.

16, min. diam. 138, alt. 10 mm.

This elegantly sculptured species seems to differ much from any

yet described. Its nearest relatives are M. compluvialis Blanf., and

M. convallata Benson, which have a channelled suture, but do not

have the transverse sculpture cutting the crest of the enclosing

whorls. The types are in the National Museum.

ON A NEW HOLOSPIRA FROM TEXAS.

BY. W. Ho eDALEL.

Holospira (Haplostemma) Hamiltoni n. sp.

Shell slender, polished, spindle-shaped, pinkish-white, with a

darker livid apex, and about 13 whorls; nucleus blunt, smooth,

later three whorls delicately obliquely striated, central whorls

smooth, last whorl with delicate oblique riblets with wider inter-

spaces ; aperture projected, rounded, subangular at the right poste-

rior corner, the lip entire, reflected, the pillar rather wide; the last

whorl flattened and attenuated. Lon. 19, max. diam. 5 mm.

Collected in the Rio Grande Mts., Brewster Co., Texas, at a

height of 3,500 feet, living on Sedaginella lepidophylla Spring, by

Mr. James M. Hamilton, and presented to the National Museum

through Dr. R. W. Shufeldt.

This species is very much like H. (Metastoma) semistriata Stearns,

externally, differing in its smaller and more slender shell and finer

and more delicate sculpture of the later whorls near the aperture.

QUARTER-DECKS AND JINGLES.

BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.

Several years ago, in the course of a conversation with Captain

J. W. Collins, of the U. S. Fish Commission, relating to the various

THE NAUTILUS. 39

materials used by the oyster planters for collecting the spat or form-

ing spawning-beds, certain shells were mentioned by him that were

systematically collected and sold to the oystermen. These shells

were locally known by the names given in the above title. On

looking into the matter, the “ Quarter-decks ” proved to be Crepi-

dula fornicata Linné, and the ‘“ Jingles” a species of Anomia, pre-

sumably A. simplex Orbigny. As popular names go, these are not

so bad, for there isa peculiar jingle produced by Anomia valves

when many are shaken together, and the septum in Crepidula con-

sidered in connection with the boat-like shape of the species, C.

fornicata, suggests a partially decked vessel.

The abundance of these forms in the region referred to, is indica-

ted by the following data kindly furnished (July, 1889) by Dr. H.

M. Smith, of the Fish Commission, on ‘‘ The Fertilization of Certain

Shell-fish at Greenport, N. Y., locally known as ‘ Jingles’ and

‘ Quarter-decks.’”’

Since 1880, these shells have been extensively used for the pur-

pose of forming spawning-beds for oysters, the idea of so employing

them having originated with Captain James Monsell, of Greenport.

The shells are taken with dredges between the first of October and

the first of July, and are sold by the fishermen to dealers at the rate

of four cents a bushel. At times they bring more, according to the

demand. A law prohibiting the taking of them between the first

of July and the first of October went into effect in 1888. The shells

lie on the docks until July, when they are taken to the planting

grounds and sold to the oystermen. Unlike the scallops used for

the same purpose, the jingles and quarter-decks are not opened when

caught.

The Crepidulas or quarter-decks being gastropods (univalves), no

opening is possible, and the two pieces or parts of the bivalve

Anomias or jingles, readily separate when dead and dry. The scal-

lop or Pecten shells (P. irradians Lam.) are opened in order to ex-

tract the meats, the sales of which yielded the men engaged in the

scallop-fishery of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut,

principally the two first States, in the year 1892, $114,695, the pro-

duct of 137,284 bushels of this species of Pecten. The emptied

shells, a residual product, are utilized as before indicated.

“ Investigations by an agent of the U. S. Fish Commission show

that in 1887 there were taken 130,000 bushels of ‘ quarter-decks’

and ‘jingles’ valued at $5,200. In 1888 the output of the fishery

40 THE NAUTILUS.

was 110,000 bushels, valued at $4,400, while the catch in 1889, up

to and including the 19th of June, was 75,000 bushels, valued at

$3,000.”

The marvellous abundance in certain localities of the various spe-

cies above named, is, aside from the economic value of the fishery,

of exceeding interest to the naturalist. What proportion of the

total quantity, 315,000 bushels of jingles and quarter-decks, belong

to the latter species, Crepidula, is not stated; probably much less

than half, and quite likely not more than a quarter; presumably

the quarter-decks are attached to, or are adherent upon, the jingle

or Anomia shells, domiciliares upon the valves of the latter species,

the same as the West American species.

Crepidula rugosa is a domiciliare on the shells of Pecten equisul-

catus Cpr., the Californian analogue of P. irradians. It is not at

all infrequent to find from three to six individuals of the West

Coast Crepidula on a single specimen of the Pecten.

Beside the use of oyster, clam, scallop, quarter-deck and jingle

shells for forming spawning-beds, the oystermen in some instances

and in some places, are utilizing old tin cans as catchment objects

for the spat to fasten upon. What with the packing of adult oysters

at the canneries and the entrapping of the innocent unsophisticated

fry on old tin pots and cans, the situation may be said to look to an

old man in a balloon, or a young man “up a tall tree,” lke can-

ning the oysters at both ends.

Los Angeles, Cal., June, 1897.

NEW UNIOS.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

Unio Pinei sp. nov.

Shell wide or oblong, moderately and uniformly thin, dorsal and

ventral margins usually parallel, subtruncate or obliquely rounded

before, biangular and truncated behind. Epidermis reddish-brown ;

olive above, polished and thickly covered with unequal rays. Beaks

scarely elevated above the dorsum, and surrounded by four or five

fine concentric, undulating ridges. Ligament thin, reddish, long

and depressed. Greatest diameter in the centre of the shell. Beak

cavities slight. Cavity of the valvesample and tray-shaped. Nacre

THE NAUTILUS. 4]

brilliant and copper-colored, very iridescent and remarkably corus-

cated ; the upper third being stained darker. Lateral teeth equal,

long, slender, slightly curved and extending fully to the cardinals.

Cardinal teeth inclined to be double in both valves, compressed, ob-

lique and serrulate. Cicatrices well impressed, showing the pris-

matic layers, the anterior ones being roughened in the posterior

portion and widely distinct, and the posterior ones confluent. Pal-

lial lines obscure. Dorsal notch long and shallow. Width 3 inches,

length 1.5 inches, diameter 1 inch.

Habitat—An unnamed lake in Witthacoochee River region of

Hernando Co., Florida.

Type in National Museum.

Remarks.—It is difficult to assign a place to this shell, partaking

as it does of the features of several members of the Buckleyi group.

It has the subtruncate anterior of U. coruscus Gould, and approaches

that species in nacre, which in our shell is of a deeper and richer

tint, and is not so pointed behind, is more inflated, straighter dor-

sum, lighter teeth, more rayed and has a red instead of a blacki-h

epidermis, and attains a much greater size. From U. Hinkleyi B.

H. W., it differs in the abrupt anterior, sides more rounded, darker

nacre, and in the reddish, instead of black epidermis. It is in every

way more gracile than U. Buck/eyi Lea, and is not so pointed be-

hind. Nor has it the ponderous umbos, arched dorsum and rounded

base of that species.

Sixty specimens of all ages have been observed, showing a re-

markably perfect uniformity of characters. It is named for the

discoverer, Mr. George Pine, of Aripeka, Hernando Co., Florida.

(To be Continued.)

MELANIA YOKOHAMENSIS, N. SP.

BY W. D. HARTMAN.

Shell elongate, conic, gradually tapering to an acute apex.

Whorls 7, suture lightly impressed ; surface smooth, with obscure

spiral lines, color yellowish-green; aperture white, opercle brown,

oval and corneous. Length 35 mill., width 13 mill.; width of

aperture 6 mill., length of aperture 10 mill.

Locality —Yokohama, Japan, B. Schmacker collector.

42 THE NAUTILUS.

This shell was given me by Mr. Schmacker several years ago.

Some sent Dr. Brot, of Geneva, were pronounced new at the time.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

ion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

May 28th, the volume of Transactions was forwarded from San

Diego east. Since that date the General Secretary has received no

word regarding it.

SEEING EYES.

[From the report of Mrs. E. A. Lawrence. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea

Chapter for 1896].

Lowell says, “ Eyes are not so common as people think, or poets

would be plentier,” and, what he has said of poets, could be said

with equal truth of naturalists. Nature, to ninety-nine per cent. of

the human family, is a closed book, not because she is not willing to

have her pages opened, but because people have no eyes to see with.

Thoreau could find in his back-door yard, or, on the shore of Wal-

don Pond, the material for printed volumes. It was not because

these places had more of interest in them than similar places else-

where, but it was because Thoreau had trained his eyes to see. How

many people, of all those who yearly visit our sea-shore, have seeing

eyes? They will tell us of the beauty of the foam-capped waves, or

the brilliant tints of the water at sunset; but they will pass with

unseeing eyes on careless feet over myriads of living creatures,

creatures so wonderful in their mechanism, so beautiful in their

form and coloring, and so cunning in their instincts, that they show

to the observer the perfect workmanship of the great master,

Nature.

About two years ago, I began to view the sea-side world through

open eyes, and in that time I have collected over two hundred spe-

cies of mollusca in the vicinity of San Pedro Bay. This past year

I found beneath shelving rocks the little Megetabennus bimaculatus

Dall, and nestling in hollows in the rough rocks I found a number

of Gadinia reticulata Cpr.; the latter are so nearly the color of the

THE NAUTILUS. 43

rocks that it takes sharp eyes to discern them. Upon goose barna-

cles I found a small Acmea which I hoped might be a new species,

but I found my eyes were not very wide open even after a year’s

experience in the opening process, for I sent the Acemea to Dr. Dall

and he said they were only a small variety of the A. pelta. But

in classifying my shells I have made two varieties of them, as I

think there is enough difference in them to warrant such division.

Going down on the sand one day at low tide, I saw a small up-

heaval of the sand, and since I have been travelling the world with

seeing eyes, I always investigate these tiny mounds, and, this time,

I was rewarded by finding a Tornatina culcitella, and a diligent

search soon revealed several of these cunning little creatures. With

these are 7. inculta and T. carinata. While out in a boat among

the kelp [ found a number of Lacuna unifasciata and some L. por-

recta, these latter were three-eighths of an inch long. Among the

tiny shells, seeing eyes are called into requisition, and I find the aid

of a strong lens often necessary to bring out their distinctive feat-

ures. The tiny Marginella ( Volvarina) varia is more beautiful than

a Cyprea spadicea, and yet the blind world never finds them hidden

away under stones, and covered with their thin tents, which are

quite a protection for them, as it hides their shining surface and

makes them much less conspicuous. The Turbonillas, the Odosto-

mias, the Mitromorphus and many others have enriched my cabinet,

and opened my eyes to the wonders and beauty of small things this

past year.

When I began to classify, I had many a struggle with the differ-

ent authorities, and many a dispairing appeal I sent to our General

Secretary, who never failed to come to my relief, and I have much

to thank her for, inasmuch as she has given me light where before

I dwelt in darkness; * * * * Tosum up the year’s work, no

greater gain has come to me than has come by the opening of my

eyes, and the knowledge I have gained by seeing. The earth has

taken on new beauty and the sea has opened some of its wonderful

storehouse and bidden me enter, and all nature beckons me with

kindly finger to further discoveries by the aid of seeing eyes.

NOTES AND NEWS.

NAUTILUS POMPILIUS IN SOUTHERN New SoutH WALEs.—What

surprised me most was to find large numbers of rather broken speci-

44 THE NAUTILUS.

mens of Nautilus pompilius thrown up in Eden Bay. It is difficult

to conceive how they get there; it is an enormous expanse to be

drifted away from any of the Pacific Isles. Can it be possible that

they are eaten by whales and that the shells is extruded as excre-

ment? I make this suggestion because great schools of whales

come in there, it is said, to rub themselves on the coarse gravel

bottom of the bay.—Dr. J. C. Coz, in letter to Editor.

PartuLta: Nores anp Corrections.—Partula eximia Hartm.

=P. macgillivrayi.

P. Brazieri Pse. is a good species.

The type example of Partula neweenitiarum was lost with the ves-

sel on its return to Mr. Garritt at Tahiti— W. D. Hartman.

A New Specres oF Hempuitiia.—In examining the slugs

referred to Hemphillia glandulosa in the collection of the Academy

of Natural Sciences, we found that two species have hitherto borne

thisname. The true H. glandulosa is a small slug, with distinctly

papillose mantle; the pedal line hardly rises at the tail, and the

caudal giand is surmounted by a conspicuous horn. The other

form, which we call H. camelus, is much larger, the mantle is not

papillose, and the pedal groove rises abruptly and conspicuously

at the tail, and there is no noticeable horn there. Types from

Old Mission, Idaho, collected by Hemphill. The species are easily

separated by external characters, but the internal anatomy shows

even more important differences, which will be described and figured

in the second installment of our “ Revision of American Slugs,” now

in preparation.—H. A. Pilsbry & E. G. Vanatta.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

An apparently very thorough monograph of the Cephalopoda of

the Gulf of Naples, by Guiseppe Jatta, has appeared in the “ Fauna

and Flora des Golfes von Neapel” (23d monograph). The illus-

trations are incomparably magnificent.

Mr. Felix Bernard' has detected a stage of shell-growth in bi-

valves earlier than the prodissoconeh, which he proposes to call pro-

tostracum. He finds the protostracum on the summit of the prodis-

soconch. The Glochidium stage in Unionide is its equivalent.

1 Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vol. 124, p. 1165; Natural Science, July,

1897, p. 10.

THE NAUTILUS. 45

A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS, WITH

LOCALITIES.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Almost a decade has elapsed since the publication of the “ Check

List of American Land Shells” (Proc. Acad. N.S. Phila., 1889),

and the frequent calls for copies of that list since the reprint edition

was exhausted, as well as the progress of the science during that

period, have induced the editors of Tur Navri us to offer a new

list covering the same ground.

In the nomenclature of this list we have admitted changes shown

to be necessary ; and in the classification have frequently forsaken

the old roads for paths lately “ blazed out,” and as yet not much

travelled.

Additions and corrections of any kind will be gratefully received.

Class GASTROPODA.

Subclass STREPTONEURA.

Order PROSOBRANCHIATA,

Suborder Tnioglossa.

Family CYCLOSTOMATIDSA.

Genus CHOANOPOMA Pfeiffer, 1847.

Subgenus Ctenopoma Shuttleworth, Pfr., 1856.

1. CHOANOPOMA BAHAMENSE Shuttl. Key West, Fla. (Dr. W.

H. Rush). Also Bahamas.

Genus CHONDROPOMA Pfeiffer, 1847.

2. CHONDROPOMA DENTATUM (Say). Key West and Naples,

near Gordon’s Pass, Fla. Also Cuba.

Family TRUNCATELLIDA.

Genus TRUNCATELLA Risso, 1826.

3. TRUNCATELLA CARIBZENSIS ‘Sowb.’ Rve. Key Largo and

Anclote Key, Fla. Also West Indies.

4, TRUNCATELLA CARIBHENSIS PULCHELLA Pfr. Marco and

Cedar Keys, Fla. Also Bermuda, Cuba, Yucatan, etc.

46 THE NAUTILUS.

5. TRUNCATELLA BILABIATA Pfr. Key West, Key Largo, Bis-

cayne Bay, Micco, Indian River, Furguson’s Pass, Marco, Cedar

Keys, Fla. Also Bermuda, Cuba, ete.

6. TRUNCATELLA STIMPSONI Stearns. False Bay, near San

Diego, California.

7. TRUNCATELLA CALIFORNICA Pfr. San Diego, California.

[Note —T. subcylindrica “ Gray” has been reported from Flor-

ida. The identity of the species is doubtful, and the occurrence in

Florida of the form so-called by Pfeiffer, equally so].

Suborder Rhipidoglossa.

Family HELICINIDA.

Genus HELICINA Lamarck, 1801.

§. HELICINA CHRYSOCHEILA Binney. Texas, near mouth of the

Rio Grande. Also State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

9. HELICINA ORBICULATA Say. St.Simon’s I., Ga., Chattanooga,

Tenn,, Eureka Springs, Ark., Stone Co., Mo., southward to southern

Florida, and southwest to the Rio Grande; type locality near mouth

of the St. John’s River, Florida. [H. Hanleyana Pfr. is a syno-

nym].

9a. HELICINA ORBICULATA TROPICA ‘Jan’ Pfr. Texas, mainly

south and southwest. An ill defined race.

10. Hexicrya occutra Say. Western Pa. to Minn., south to Tenn.

Distribution markedly discontinuous and local. Allegheny Co.,

Pa.; Athens, Ill.; near Iowa City and Eldora, Iowa; Winona,

Minn. ; Sheboygan, Whitefish Bay near Milwaukee, and near Du

Pere, Wis.; Lexington and at Natural Bridge, Va.; Harriman and

South Pittsburg, Tenn. An abundant fossil of the Post-Pliocene

Loess formation in eastern and central Iowa, the adjacent parts of

Ill., western Ia. and E. Neb.; also fossil at New Harmony, Ind.,

the type locality.

[ Note.—H. subglobulosa Poey, a Cuban species introduced into

United States works on the evidence of specimens found at Key

Biscayne and Fort Dallas, Fla., many years ago, has not yet been

shown to be actually living in Florida].

Subclass EUTHYNEURA.

Order PULMONATA,

Suborder Stylommatophora.

THE NAUTILUS. 47

(Superfamily HOLOPODA ).

Family HELICIDZA.

Subfamily Helicinge (vel Belogona).

(Belogona Siphonadenia ).

Genus HELIX Linné, 1758.

Section Helicogena Férussac.

11. Hetrx aspersa Miill. Charleston, 8S. C.; New Orleans;

Santa Barbara, Santa Clara and San Jose, Cal. Imported from

Europe.

Section Tachea ‘ Leach,’ Turton, 1831.

12. Hetix NeMorALIS Linn. Burlington, N. J.; Lexington,

Va.; ? Baraboo, Sauk Co., Wis. Imported from northern Europe.

138. Hetrx HorTENsIs Mill. Labrador; Anticosti I.; Bara-

chois, Gaspé region ; Nova Scotia; Casco Bay, Me.: Eagle, House,

Kettle, and Nantucket Is., Mass.; also New Bedford, Marblehead,

Manchester and Magnolia, Mass.

Genus HYGROMIA Risso, 1826.

Section Fruticicola Held, 1837.

14. Hyeromia Hispipa (L.). Halifax, N. S.; Montreal. A

species of northern Europe, imported.

15. HyGROoMIA RUFESCENS (Penn.). Quebec and Levis, Quebec,

Canada. A species of northern Europe, imported.

Genus HELICELLA Férussac.

Section Trochula Schliter, 1838.

16. HELICELLA TERRESTRIS (Penn.). Charleston, 8. C. A

native of southern Europe.

Subgenus Cochlicella Risso, 1826.

17. HeLIcELLA vENTRICOSA (Drap.). Sullivan’s I.,S.C. Im-

ported from Europe.

Subgenus Theba Risso, 1826.

18. HeLICELLA canTIANA (Montagu). Quebec. A native of

northern and central Europe.

48 THE NAUTILUS.

(Belogona Euadenia).

Genus GLYPTOSTOMA Bland & Binney, 1873.

19. GLYPTOSTOMA NEWBERRYANUM (W.G. Binn.). Los Ange-

les, Cal., to Todos Santos Bay, Lower Cal., and about 40 miles in-

land.

Genus LYSINOE H. & A. Adams, 1855.

20. LysINOE HUMBOLDTIANA (Val.). Altuda, Texas. Also

Mexico.

Genus EPIPHRAGMOPHORA Doring, 1875.

Subgenus Monadenia Pilsbry, 1895.

21. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS (Gray). Humboldt and Shasta

Co., Cal., to Vancouver I.

21a. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIs, f. flava Hemph.

21b. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS f. minor.

2ic. EprPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS SUBCARINATA Hemph. Hum-

boldt Co., Cal. This is directly intermediate between fidelis and

infumata.

21d. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA FIDELIS INFUMATA (Gld.). Coast

counties of Cal. from Siskiyou to Alameda.

22. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA MORMONUM (Pfr.) Shasta Co. to Tulare

and Santa Barbara Co., Cal.

23. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA HILLEBRANDI (Newe.) Calaveras,

Tuolumne and Mariposa Cos., Cal.

24. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA CIRCUMCARINATA (Stearns). Near

Turloch, Stanilaus Co., Cal.

Subgenus Helminthoglypta Ancey.

25. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA DUPETITHOUARSI (Desh.). Monterey,

26. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA SEQUOICOLA (Coop.). Santa Cruz Co.,

Cal.

27. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA AYRESIANA (Newc.). Santa Cruz, San

Miguel, San Clemente and Santa Rosa Islands.

28. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TRASKI (Newe.). Los Angeles to Ft.

Tejon and to San Luis Obispo, Cal.

28a. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA TRASKI PROLES Hemphill. Fraser’s

Mills, Tulare Co., Cal.

(To be Continued.)

tee Neo rieus:

Vor. XI. SEPTEMBER, 1897.

BOLINAS, CALIFORNIA; THE CONCHOLOGISTS PARADISE.

BY WILLIARD M. WOOD.

Aqui estoy otravez!

Once more I have reached the rocky shores of dear old historic

Bolinas. I could never tear myself from this antique Spanish town

by the Ocean. How I love to hear the mighty waves beat wildly

against the solid rocks, and see the lofty yellow bluffs which rise so

majestically from Neptune’s enchanting home.

Annually, during the summer months, I find that [ am—like the

proverbial Snail, wending my way, through exquisite redwood forests

and inhaling the salubrious mountain air. The point of destination

is alway Bolinas. Bolinas, thou art and ever shall be my Mecca.

This year, Mr. George E. Townsend and the writer concluded to

pitch tent and camp upon one of the smaller bluffs, by the side of

a delightful rippling creek, within a stone’s throw of the beach which

is used for bathing purposes, in lieu of making the hotel our head-

quarters during our stay. We also decided to “tramp it,” and as

each possessed a good pair of strong limbs, the start was made from

San Anselmo Station, Marin County. The distance from the station

to Bolinas is estimated at about twenty miles. ‘Ten miles of this

number is entirely devoted to up hill climbing, and so steep, that in

portions where there is no shelter from the sun as it sends forth

its penetrating rays, one becomes quite exhausted, especially when

one is principally confined in a down town office, pondering over

innumerable books and papers, and not used to mountain climbing.

50 THE NAUTILUS.

While going toward the “Summit,” how truly beautiful were the

rustic wooden bridges over which we passed, and the cool-looking,

shaded, rainbow-tinted and trout ladened streams. How the saucy

big blue jays scolded when we ventured too close to their nesting

places! Then there were numerous tiny golden-breasted wild

canaries; how beautifully they did sing! The peacock-green

throated humming-birds were busy flying hither and thither, ab-

stracting the honey from the delicately scented flowers. Cotton-tails

would occasionally be seen running frantically across the broad road

and hiding among the heavy brush, so that they would not fall vic-

tims to the many hawks and red-necked buzzards which appear at

all times to hover overhead.

The beach, bluffs and Duxbury Reef.

Several times we came across a flock of mountain quail. The

minute we were observed by them, they would take to the wing.

The noise caused by their flying resembled greatly an immense buzz

saw revolving with great rapidity and cutting through heavy timber.

When we reached “the ridge,’ we were rewarded by a superb

view of the surrounding country. Nota particle of fog was within

sight. The atmosphere was as clear as crystal. The view covered

an expanse of scenery which could not be emulated for picturesque

variety. Mountains, forests, lakes, valleys, rocks, straits and capes,

cities, towns and villages spread themselves in a magnificent panor-

ama.

THE NAUTILUS. ail

The ten mile descent of the mountain on its western side was com-

paratively easy as the road was in excellent condition. The weather

has been delightful since we have been here and trust that it will

continue so throughout our stay.

Although the ground on the mountain’s side was quite dry, care-

ful searching with the aid of a short limb of a tree, raking deeply

among the fallen leaves, revealed to us, quantities of the following

Helicies, all with the living animal within.

Helix arrosa, nickliniana, Polygyra armigera and Selenites van-

couverensis. No fresh-water shells were found in the streams and

pools on the way over. In fact, I do not believe there are any in the

vicinity of this place, for I have been unable to secure a single speci-

men during the past six years.

The tides so far, have been very good and several species have

been added to my collection, which are entirely new to me.

The beach from the bluffs near the channel (entrance to the Bay

of Bolinas) out to the dangerous reef—Duxbury reef—is at inter-

vals composed of billions of particles of shells, ground so fine that

the casual observer would naturally suppose they were grains of

sand. Certain spots I have seen on the beach are almost wholly

composed of these diminutive bits to a depth of about five or six

inches,

The reef upon which I had formerly seen attached thousands of

immense Chlorostoma funebrale and fairly good sized Chrysodomus

dirus are now almost destitute of the above named species. The

reason of their disappearance is unknown to me. The species ob-

served attached to the rocks and the blue clay at the present date

are Monoceros engonatum and Litorina scutulata. M. engonatum

predominating. Of Chlorostoma brunneum, I have gathered hundreds

at previous visits, from a point just a short distance from the reef in

a north-westerly direction. Not one in a living state have I found

since arriving.

Strolling up the sandy beach in the early morning, (4.30) until

we reached the stretch of mossy rocks which had been left bare by

the retreating tide, we secured dozens of the common edible clam,

Tapes staminea, which is sold by the sackful in the markets of San

Francisco. These were brought back to our camp and served at

breakfast.

The Bay of Bolinas, which at one time was quite commodious, is

now almost completely filled with sand and mud. The channel, no

a THE NAUTILUS.

doubt will soon be closed and not even the smallest boat will be able

to enter this once beautifully situated bay.

When low tide occurs in the bay, the “ necks” of thousands of

Schizotherus Nuttalli may be seen projecting an inch or so out of the

gray mud. Although the shells themselves are buried quite deeply

under the surface, it is with difficulty that these hugh specimens

may be obtained. Think of gathering clams almost the size of

dinner plates. | We managed to secure several splendid specimens.

The “necks” when fully extended are about three feet long. It

requires several persons with rubber boots, shovels and pails to

“catch ” one, as they will withdraw their “ necks” quickly and bury

themselves out of view and reach, if disturbed. The strength of one

person is required to hold the neck on the surface while another per-

son digs around it and bails out the fast in-coming mud and water.

It is indeed hard work to capture one of them, but well worth the

trouble and time spent over them.

The Bay also produces thousands of dead, yet fresh-looking spec-

imens of Macoma secta. These are found either upon the surface or

an inch or two below, imbedded in the soft mud. Hundreds were

secured and after having given them a thorough washing, they were

packed away carefully in cotton batting.

Living Cryptomya californica in considerable numbers seem to be

washed upon the mud flats. They range in size from a pin head to

a quarter of a dollar.

When low tide occurs at the reef, one may dig in the clay for

borers and be rewarded with several species. The clay is fairly alive

with them.

Occasionally I have found cast up on the beach by the waters,

fine examples of that immense “ rock oyster” Hinnites giganteus.

Several contained the living animal. One specimen picked up

measures almost ten inches in diameter. Who says we do not have

large oysters! The beach is covered with great numbers of worn

valves. The young shells are easily mistaken for Pecten hastatus

and I have often been fooled in this respect. Fresh, full grown spec-

imens are very hard to obtain.

What do you suppose to-day—the glorious fourth of July—

brought forth? Two most interesting species that I have found up

to date. I had not searched for these and they were entirely a

surprise to me. Doubly welcome are my new friends on this day.

We were sitting lazily upon the pebbly beach watching the waves as

THE NAUTILUS. 09

they washed upon the shore. Suddenly a larger wave than those

which I had been accustomed to see, rushed forward and with a

mighty splash, broke within a few feet of us. The water and foam

erept so quickly in our direction that my shoes were soon filled with

the cold sea-water. With a quick spring, I was upon my feet and

hurrying from the scene of the unfortunate event. When returning

to the spot where we had left a stick half buried in the sand, I came

across unexpectedly two valves of Semele rubrolineata and a most

delicate and perfect fresh-looking specimen of Mytilimeria Nuttalli

Conr.

How truly patriotic were the little shells to come and cast them-

selves at my very feet, upon this eventful day. The rose colored

radiations on the Semele were beautiful and looked like many sky-

rockets going heavenward.

Among the species collected which are not mentioned aboye, are as

follows :

Acmea asmi, mitra, patina, pelta, persona, spectrum, wncessa,

instabilis, Adula falcata, stylina, Amphissa corrugata, Amyela

carinata, Bittium filosum, Calliostoma costatum, Cardium corbis, Ceros-

toma foliatum, Chama pellucida, (valves only) Chlorostoma montereyt,

Pfeiffert, ? Crepidula adunca, navicelloides, Entodesma saxicola, Litho-

phagus plumula, Fissuridea aspera, Haliotis fulgens, (large but poor

specimens, washed ashore) Hipponyx tumens, Kellia Laperousii, var.

Chironii, Lacuna wnifasciata, Lazaria subquadrata, (valves), Litor-

ina planaxis. Lunatia Lewisii, (half a foot in length) Lyonsia Cali-

fornica, Macoma nasuta, inquinata, Siliqua patula, Mytilus Californ-

ianus, Nassa fossata, Cooperi, Margarita pupilla, Ocinebra lurida, in-

terfossa, Olivella biplicata, Petricola carditoides, Pecten hastatus,

(valves) Pholadidea penita, parva, Platyodon cancellatus, Parapholas

californica, Placunanomia macroschisma, (valves) Purpura crispata,

lima, saxicola, ostrina, Saxicava arctica, Saxidomus aratus, Tapes

staminea, tenerrima, ruderata, Tellina Bodegensis, (valves) Zirphea

erispata, Cryptochiton Stelleri, (seven inches long) Ischnochiton

Cooperi, Mopalia Hindsii and muscosa.

I have not gone carefully over the species collected—doubtless

many others might be included in this list—but the above will serve

to show the rich molluscan fauna of this certainly delightful penin-

sula. The territory worked over by me cannot be more than four

miles square. The specimens collected already number many thou-

sands and the rate at which they are being gathered, who knows but

54 THE NAUTILUS.

it shall require the chartering of the small schooner now lying in

the channel, to carry them down to the City!

Deseo que el lugar que ha sicto tan atractivo y productivo en lo

pasado para el que se suscribe para siempre permanetea inmutable.

Bolinas, Cal., July 4th.

’ , y

NOTE ON A CALIFORNIAN HELIX.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

In the “ Manual of American Land Shells” Mr. Binney figured

a shell from San Pablo as a form of “ Arionta californiensis var.

ramentosa Gld.” It would seem that the same form has been sub-

sequently described by both Dall and myself, although until recently

collating materials for the new catalogue of U.S. land shells, I had

entirely forgotten that I had ever noticed the form in question.

The published references are as follows:

1885.—“ A smaller form of this variety [7. e. ramentosa] from San

Pablo,” W. G. Binney, Man. Amer. L. Sh., Bull. 28 U.S. Nat.

Mus., p. 133, f. 108 (no description).

1895, Feb. 2.— Epiphragmop hora californiensis v. contracoste Pilsbry,

Guide to the Study of Helices, Man. Conch. (2), IX, p. 199 (a

nude name).

1895, Oct. 1.—Epiphragmophora californiensis var. contracoste. Pils-

bry, Nautilus IX, p. 72 (description).

1896, Apr. 23.—Epiphragmophora Arnheimi Dall, Proc. U.S. Nat.

Nat. Mus. XVIII, p. 6 (no description; refers to Binney’s

figures).

1897, Jan —Epiphragmophora Arnheimi Dall, Proc. U. S. N. M.

XIX, p. 375 (full description).

As will be seen from the above, the form was recognized by my-

self in 1894 when reviewing the Helices for the “Guide” but the

number in which the name appears although printed in 1894, was

not issued until February, 1895, and it was in no way defined at

that time; the brief diagnosis then prepared being overlooked for

some months, finally appearing in October, 1895. I do not know

when the form was first recognized by my friend in Washington,

but from the notorious tardiness of the Proceedings of the Nat. Mus.,

and the fact that a partial abstract or Dall’s article appeared in

Navuriwus for Sept., 1895, and was furnished by him a month or two

THE NAUTILUS. a

earlier, it is likely that Prof. Dall recognized the form after the

publication of the nude name in Man. Conch., but before it was

scantily clothed with a description in the October NaurTiILus.

Dall’s first notice of the form referred merely to Binney’s figures ;

but lately he has given an account of it which leaves nothing to be

desired save an equally good notice of the soft anatomy.

NEW UNIOS.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

Unio Buxtoni sp. nov.

Shell very transverse or wide, subcylindrical, moderately and

uniformly inflated, subsolid, bluntly pointed and attenuated behind,

obliquely rounded in front and straight on the dorsum. Epidermis

olive-black and obscurely rayed throughout. Growth lines obscure.

Umbos depressed. Beaks pointed and very small, with two or three

distant, nodose undulations. Umbonal ridge rounded or subangular.

Beak cavities slight; cavity of valves ample. Lateral teeth

straight, slender, thin and long, the inner one thicker and higher,

and both extending to the cardinals, which are erect, short, with

many curved ridgelets on the upper faces, double in the left and

single in the right valves. Cicatrices slightly impressed but well

defined, the anterior ones distinct, the smaller ones being crescent-

shaped, which divides occasionally into two separate pits; posterior

ones confluent and much elongated ; dorsal ones well impressed and

in the beak cavity. Pallial line distinet, at which the coruscations

end. Nacre uniform and of a brilliant copper tint. Width 23

inches, length ? inch, diameter 2 inch.

Habitat.—Lakelets of Marion Co., Florida.

Type in National Museum.

Remarks.—A ffinity, U. Waltoni B.H. Wright, and U. nasutulus

Lea. From the former it differs in being smaller, more solid, cylin-

‘drical, darker colored, more prominent umbonal ridge, not sub-

emarginate at base, and in having a more prolonged dorsal line be-

hind. Behind, and in size and structure, it reminds one of U. nasu-

tulus, which never has an upturned keel in frout as in our shell, and

has a livid nacre.

We have great pleasure in naming this species for our good friend

and naturalist, Mr. William W. Buxton, of Milo Centre, N. Y.,

whose company has so often enlivened our collecting excursions.

56 THE NAUTILUS.

Unio Suttoni sp. nov.

Shell oblong, roughened by growth lines and solid, sides dilated

almost to the extremities, and slightly constricted near the middle

of the base. Base slightly convex or subemarginate, bluntly pointed

behind and very abruptly rounded or subtruncate before and

slightly arched above. Epidermis reddish or pale olive, with very

obscure rays or rayless, slightly wrinkled on the posterior dorsal

area or smooth. Beaks depressed and umbos fiattened or slightly

rounded. Umbonal ridge obtusely rounded and elevated from beak

to base. Cavity of the shell ample and quite uniform; cavity of

beaks slight. Nacre heavy, and varying from satin white to dark

copper color, and slightly thinner behind. Cardinal teeth erect,

somewhat compressed and bluntly notched. Lateral teeth long and

slightly curved, rather slender and compressed. Width 2% inches,

length 14 inches, diameter { inch.

Habitat.—Lake near Candler, Marion Co., Florida.

Type and forms in National Museum.

Remarks.—This is an exceedingly variable species like the type

of the group to which it belongs, U. Buckleyi Lea, It may always.

be distinguished from that species by the greater fullness in the pos-

terior portion, and has a slight constriction where that is usually

enlarged. It may be distinguished from U. Ferrissii Marsh, by its.

greater and more uniform inflation, straighter base, more obtuse

umbonal angle, and is in every way a more massive shell. Fifty

-specimens have been received from Mr. B. Sutton, of Candler,

Marion Co., Florida, for whom we name the species.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

After the General Secretary had forwarded the MS. for THE

Nautiuus for August, she received a letter from Mr. A. H. Gardner

notifying her in re the vol. of Transactions. Mr. J. J. White, and

Mr. M. Leon Walker have also reported. At this writing Aug. 10»

the vol. isin Mass. The Secretary appreciates the notification when

the book has been forwarded.

It is not too early to canvass for our next General Secretary. The

present one would nominate Dr. W. S. Strode, Lewiston, Il. for

General Secretary for 1898. Dr. Strode has been a valued mem-

ber for years.

THE NAUTILUS. D7

PURPURA LAPILLUS L.

(Extract from the report of Mrs. D. J. Wentworth. From the Transactions of the

Isaac Lea Chapter for 1896.)

No shell is more common on our New England shores than Pur-

pura lapillus Linné, and yet, no shell of this region has to me, at

least, so much of interest connected with it.

Purpura lapillus is an humble but most worthy descendant of the

aristocratic Muricidz, and surely the Murex is an aristocrat among

shells, with its beautiful forms, dainty seulpturing, delicate coloring,

and its long traditions of usefulness and importance.

Plain in its general aspect, as it certainly is, Purpura lapillus has

nevertheless, much in common with its more highly favored rela-

tions. It is an old member of an ancient race, fossil remains of

Purpura lapillus are found in the Red Crag deposits of Europe.

This species is remarkable for its variation in solidity of shell,

form, sculpture size, coloring and habitat. It varies in thickness

from three-sixteenths of an inch to a shell so thin one could easily

perforate the outer lip with a pin. In form they vary from a short

broad shell with obtuse spire and flattened whorls to a long shell

with acute spire and convex whorls,

In some the coarse revolving ridges are barely discernable, while

in others they are very prominent. The faint lines of growth which

intersect the revolving ridges of this shell are, in some specimens,

brought into marked prominence by rows of ruffles or scallops, and

this seulpturing undoubtedly gave Lamarck reason for naming this

variety Purpura wmbilicata. Many of the solid shells have rows of

nodules or teeth within the aperture on the outer lip,

These solid shells are usually grayish-white or white outside, with

reddish-purple, yellow or white apertures ; but the thinner shells are

often brown, orange or lavender, and these colors are frequently

banded with white. I have never seen two specimens banded just

alike. The orange and white combinations are especially pretty.

The variety called by Lamarck P. wmbilicata, so far as I have ob-

served, are always a greyish-white on the outside, with a reddish-

purple aperture. This variety I have found only in a brackish

river where they are often seen crawling about in the mud, and their

color is so nearly the color of the mud on which they are found that

it undoubtedly serves to protect them from the ravages of their

enemy. Associated in this river with Purpura lapillus, and much

resembling it in size, color and general shape, is the Urosalpinx

cinerea. The usual habitat of the Purpura is in the nooks and

erevices of rocks. Why do these river shells choose the mud?

58 THE NAUTILUS.

Purpura lapillus is an arctic species and ranges from Norway to

New York. It is found on the coast of Europe, where, according to

Sowerby, it grows much larger than on our own coast.

This species confines his daily rambles to that part of the shores

left bare by the tides, seldom venturing below low water mark.

There on the rocks or other hard substances he finds his favorite

food, the succulent barnacle, sometimes varying his diet with a choice

bit of Mytilus edulis, to obtain which he will bore through the

shell. Finally the mussel becomes so weakened that its valves fly

open, when the Purpura promptly accepts the more favorable open-

ing and proceeds ta gorge himself with the delicious morsel, after

which he will lie inactive waiting for a return of appetite. Limpets,

Littorinas, clams, mussels, ete., are said to find a place on his menu.

From time to time throughout the year the Purpura deposits its

eggs enclosed in little vase like capsules. These capsules may be

found in clusters attached to the undersides of rocks. In confine-

ment it takes about four months for these eggs to mature and then

the young do not immediately leave the capsule, seemingly prefer-

ring to try their strength a little before venturing on the broad

ocean. The young hatched in captivity instinctively leave the

water every day, remaining out about the time it takes for the tide

to ebb and flow.

A few years ago while fishing I had occasion to crack some Pur-

pura for bait. After cracking their shells I placed the snails in my

handkerchief to keep them safely until needed. I soon found that

the snails had stained my handkerchief with bright purple spots

which repeated washings only served to render more brilliant. Thus

I was reminded of the Tyrian purple of the ancients, and led to faney

that perhaps in a somewhat similar manner, the dye was discovered.

In later years this dye was manufactured in Ireland but so little was

obtained from each animal, and other cheaper dyes being discovered,

our humble shell-fish were left to die a natural death, and are now

useful only to amateur fishermen and so-called “ queer people,” or

“cranks” who go around collecting shells and studying them.

Purpura lapillus commonly called “dog winkle” by the English,

has many scientific names, among which are Buceinum lapillus,

Tritonium lapillus, ete. But what isa name? The Purpura lapil-

Jus under whatever name be has crawled or sailed has a long, inter-

esting honorable history ; has during his day and generation been

useful and ornamental in the world, doing his duty faithfully accord-

ing to the light given him and making no pretentions to superiority,

and who of us can do better than that?

THE NAUTILUS. 59

28b. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA TRASKI CUYAMACENSIS Hemp. Cuya-

maca Mt., San Diego Co.

28c. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA TRASKI TULARENSIS Pilsbry. Fraser’s

Mills, Tulare Co.

29. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CARPENTERI (Newc.). Coronado Is.,

and vicinity of San Diego, Cal. Probably a subspecies of E. traski.

Original locality, “Tulare Valley,” perhaps erroneous.

30. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA INDIOENSIS (Yates). Indio, Riverside

Co., Cal.

31. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ROWELLIT (Newc.). Fort Grant, Ari-

zona.

32. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARIZONENSIS Dall. Banks of Santa

Cruz River, Tucson, Arizona.

33. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA MAGDALENENSIS (Stearns). Johnson

Canvon, near the Panamint Valley, and near Resting Springs,

Southern California. Also State of Sonora, Mexico.

34. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA HACHITANA Dall. Fort Huachuca,

Huachuca Mts. and Tucson, Arizona; below San Quentin, Lower

California ; Peloncello Mts., top of Hachita Grande Mt., Grant Co.,

near Carrizollilo Springs, New Mexico; and at some adjacent local-

ities south of the international boundary.

30. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA COLORADOENSIs (Stearns). Grand Can-

yon of the Colorado River, Arizona, opposite the Kaibab plateau,

elevation 3,500 feet; also Inyo and San Diego Cos., Cal.

36. EpIPARAGMOPHORA ARROSA (Gld.). Coast counties from

Humboldt to Santa Cruz.

36a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARROSA f. holderiana Cooper. E. side

San Francisco Bay.

36b, EpIPHRAGMOPHORA ARROSA f. stiversiana Cooper. Marin

Co.

36c. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA ARROSA f. marinensis Pils. Marin Co.

36d. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA ARROSA EXPANSILABRIS Pils. Hum-

boldt Co., near Eureka.

37. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA EXARATA (Pfr.). Santa Cruz Co. to

Marin Co., Cal. Probably intergrades completely with the preced-

ing.

38. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CONTRACOST# Pilsbry. Byron Hot

Springs, San Pablo, and Pt. Isabel, Contra Costa Co.; Nachoguero

Valley. (Epiphragmophora Arnheimi Dall is the same).

39. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS (Lea). Monterey, Cal.

39a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS NICKLINIANA (Lea).

Santa Cruz Co., north (? to Mendocino Co.).

60 THE NAUTILUS.

39b. Ep1pHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS ANACHORETA (W. G.

BS):

39c. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS RAMENTOSA (Gld.).

Napa Co. to Santa Clara Co.

39d. EpIpHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS BRIDGESI (Newe.).

San Pablo.

39e. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA CALIFORNIENSIS DIABLOENSIS (J. G.

Coop.). San Francisco to Yolo Co.

40. EpiPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA (Binn.). Tulare Co., (ty-

pical form).

40a. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA CYPREOPHILA (Newe.).

Calaveras, Tuolumne, Merced, Tulare and Los Angeles Cos.

40b. EprpHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA SUBDOLUS Hemph. San

Jacinto Valley, San Diego Co.

40c. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA UMBILICATA Pils. San

Luis Obispo Co.

40d. EpIPHRAGMOPHORA TUDICULATA TULARENSIS Hemph.

Fraser's Mills, Tulare Co.

Subgenus Micrarionta Ancey, 1880.

41. ErprIPHRAGMOPHORA GABBI (Newe.). San Clemente Island.

4la. EptPHRAGMOPHORA GABBI FACTA (Newe.). Santa Barbara

and San Nicholas Is.

42. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA RUFICINCTA (Newce.). Santa Catalina

Island.

43. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA INTERCISA (W.G. B.). San Clemente

and Santa CruzIs. Forms minor, elegans, nepos and albida Hemph.

and callojunctis Pils. have been named.

43a. EPIPHRAGMOPHORA INTERCISA REDIMITA (W. G. B.). San

Clemente Is. Color varieties castanea and hybrida Hemph. have

been named.

44. EprIPHRAGMOPHORA KELLETTII (Forbes). Santa Catalina

Island. Color forms castanea, nitida, multilineata, frater, califor-

nica, forbesi, bicolor, tricolor, albida Hemph. have been named,

44a, EPIPHRAGMOPHORA KELLETTIL STEARNSIANA (Gabb.).

San Diego, southward, on the mainland.

45. EpIpHRAGMOPHORA TRYONI (Newc.). Santa Barbara and

San Nicholas Is. Color varieties varius, nebulosa, fasciata, califor-

nica and albida Hemphill.

45a. EprIPHRAGMOPHORA TRYONISUBCARINATA Hemphill. Santa

Barbara I. ; fossil.

(To be Continued.)

Tee N Serius.

Vou XL OCTOBER, 1897. No. 6.

NEW LAND SHELLS FROM MEXICO AND NEW MEXICO.

BY W. Hapa.

Holospira (Haplostemma) Cockerelli n. sp.

Shell small, pupiform, blunt-tipped, with two smooth nuclear and

about a dozen subsequent whorls; those following the nucleus are

rather strongly obliquely ribbed with close set fine riblets which be-

come fainter over the main body of the spire and reappear again on

the last whorl ; aperture entire, simple, rounded, but a little angular

at the posterior outer corner ; the umbilicus closed, the spire grad-

ually enlarging to the eleventh whorl, then slightly attenuated. Alt.

12°5, max. diam. 3°2 mm.

Found in the débris of the Rio Grande at Mesilla, New Mexico,

by Prof. Cockerell.

This is the second species of Haplostemma, and one of the small-

est, if not the smallest, Holospira yet recorded. It forms an addi-

tion to the fauna of the United States.

Eucalodium hippocastaneum n. sp.

Shell of moderate size, with 8 (decollate) whorls, the penultimate

the largest, thence gently tapering to the decollate apex ; surface

very dark chestnut brown covered with fine, slightly wavy, close

set riblets accompanied by fine axial wrinkles near the sutures, a

few irregular spiral threads occasionally appear, suture distinct,

umbilicus closed, a faint keel below the periphery of the last whorl,

aperture simple, rounded, the peristome slightly thickened, not re-

flected. Alt. 32, max. diam. 9°2, aperture 8 mm.

62 THE NAUTILUS.

The species is near E. Boucardii Sallé from Cordova, but differs

by smaller size, darker color, less sharp sculpture and the presence

of spiral lines.

From San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mex., E. W. Nelson.

Coelocentrum astrophorea n. sp.

Shell pale yellow brown, decollate, with 15 remaining whorls, the

first six of which taper, while the rest are subequal; suture distinct

minutely channelled, or with a sharp edged thread on each side of

it, surface polished with concavely flexuous small ribs with wider

interspaces, on which is visible obscure spiral striation; last whorl

keeled below, projecting, aperture rounded triangular, slightly re-

flected, simple; axis large, pervious except at the base; within the

whorl with a medial keel on each side of which it is excavated and

vertically ribbed, while from the junction of keel and ribs small

spines like the rays of a star project into the lumen of the whorl.

Alt. 30, max. diam. 7, aperture 4°77 mm.

From Encarnacion, Hidalgo, Mex., E. W. Nelson.

Though the spines are obviously merely an evolution from the

usual nodes, they are remarkable and hitherto unrecorded in any

species.

Schazicheila hidalgoana n. sp.

Shell trochoid depressed with a rather pointed spire and nearly

five whorls; white with extremely fine close-set rounded riblets in

harmony with the lines of growth; nucleus rounded, smooth ; suture

very distinct, slope of the spire flattened a little, periphery obscurely

keeled; aperture rounded-triangular, outer lip reflected with a

shallow sinus at its posterior extremity, rounded below with a thick

body callus (on which is a keel for the edge of the operculum)

uniting the lips; umbilicus covered by a thin callus, base moder-

ately rounded ; operculum (lost)? Alt. 85, mag. diam. 12, min,

diam. 9°5, aperture 6 mm.

Found at Encarnacion, Hidalgo, Mex., by Nelson.

This species is obviously distinct from any of those heretofore

described in this very limited genus.

ON TWO NEW SPECIES OF AMPHIDROMUS.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

Amphidromus Fultoni Anc.

Shell sinistral, short, ovate-conic, minutely perforate, thin, ob-

liquely striate, subangulate at the periphery, chiefly at the begin-

THE NAUTILUS. 63

ning of the last whorl. Spire rather briefly conic, apex dark brown ;

whorls 6, the first ones distinctly, the last barely, convex; apical

whorls white, lower of a pale lemon color; the third ornamented

with two faint series of pale brownish and very small spots; the

last with a narrow yellow zone below the suture, circumscribed by an

indistinct, broad, white band, and furnished with two fine brown

revolving lines more or less evanescent towards the aperture, the

upper one at the periphery, the other around the yellow umbilical

area. Aperture oblique; columella straight, thin, expanded, white.

Lip thin, white, slightly expanded.

Length 233, diam. 14, length of aperture 11 mill.

Locality : Cochinchina.

This, as well as the following, are members of the group of A.

flavus Pfeiffer, according to Mr. Hugh Fulton, who kindly ex-

amined the specimens and declared them to be new species. From

the former it differs in being shorter, in having 6 whorls only, a

dark colored apex, two narrow revolving bands on the last whorl,

and other particulars. Named in honor of Mr. Fulton, who has

very thoroughly and carefully monographed this difficult genus.

Amphidromus Eudeli Anc.

Shell sinistral, rather solid, oblong-conic, obliquely striate, nar-

rowly rimate ; spire conie, apex dark brown; whorls 7, convex, the

first ones dull white, the fourth and lower ones cream, with oblique

bluish-gray stripes, interrupted at the middle on the penultimate

and preceding whorls, and evanescent at the suture; last half

whorl bluish-gray, with a cream-yellow band and umbilical area of

the same tinge ; a narrow infra-sutural line of a reddish-brown color

on the last and penultimate whorls. Aperture small, oblique, ex-

panded, interior grayish. Columella thick, reflected, paler at the

upper part. Lip thickened, dark brown externally, purple inside,

particularly so near the umbilicus.

Length 28, diam. 14, length of aperture 11 mill.

Locality: near Binh-Dinh, Annam, in forests (EK. Eudel).

This is allied to A. zebrinus Pfeiffer, from Siam, but is appar-

ently larger and more solid, and differsin having a purple peristome ;

externally black-brown, and several striking characters.

64 THE NAUTILUS,

NEW SPECIES OF TERTIARY MOLLUSCA FROM VANCOUVER ISLAND.

BY JOHN C. MERRIAM.

The species here described have already been mentioned by the

author as being new forms in a short paper’ on the age and general

character of two Tertiary faunas from the southern coast of Van-

couver Island.

These faunas were referred to two horizons occurring at different

localities, one at Carmanah Point at the entrance to the Strait of

Fuca, the other near Muir and Coal Creeks in the Sooke district.

The horizon at the first-named locality was temporarily designated

as the Carmanah Point beds, and is correlated with Conrad’s

Astoria Miocene, excluding the lower portion of his series which

has been supposed to be Eocene. The second horizon was named

the Sooke beds, and is, as nearly as can be determined from the study

of the known fauna, of Middle Neocene age.

The material on which the deseriptions are based was collected

by Dr. C. F. Newcombe, of Victoria, B. C., who has kindly per-

mitted the author to study the extensive collections which he has

made at both of the above-mentioned localities.

Cytherea Newcombei n. sp.

Shell subquadrate to oval, high, moderately thick, truncated an-

teriorly. Beaks not prominent. Lunule faintly marked. Surface

ornamented with numerous, irregularly placed growth lines and

ridges. On some well-preserved specimens a large number of very

faint radial lines are visible. Length of large specimen 70 mm.,

breadth 55 mm. Hinge of right valve with three cardinal teeth

and a short pit for the anterior lateral tooth of the opposite valve.

This pit for the reception of the anterior lateral tooth is shallower

and much shorter than in the following species.

Locality : Sooke beds, Vancouver Island.

Cytherea vancouverensis n. sp.

Shell oval, narrowly rounded anteriorly. Beaks prominent.

Lunule well marked. The somewhat weathered surface of the

shells ornamented by numerous, irregularly placed growth ridges.

Length of type specimen 62? mm., breadth 48 mm. Hinge of right

1 Note on Two Tertiary Faunas from the Rocks of the Southern Coast of

Vancouver Island. Bull. Geol. Dept. Univ. of Calif., Vol. 2, No. 3.

THE NAUTILUS. 65

valve with three cardinal teeth and a long, deep tooth pit for the

reception of the anterior lateral tooth of the left valve. Pit

between the two anterior cardinal teeth of right valve ordinarily

narrower and deeper than in C. Newcombet.

Locality: Sooke beds, Vancouver Island.

Patella geometrica n. sp.

Shell large and heavy, up to 50 mm. or more in length, suborbi-

cular. Apex elevated, well forward. Surface ornamented by about

twenty broad, strong, radial ribs, which are much wider than the

interspaces. Radial ribs crossed by numerous, prominent, narrow,

sometimes leafy, transverse ridges.

Locality: Sooke beds, Vancouver Island.

Turritella diversilineata n. sp.

Shell medium size. The imperfect type specimen shows seven

flattened whorls, which are strongly bevelled below. Flattened

sides ornamented by five revolving ribs of which the lowest, stand-

ing on the angle of the whorl, is much stronger than the others. On

some of the whorls there are indications of revolving sculpture on

the bevelled surface between the lowest rib and the suture.

Loeality : Carmanah Point, Vancouver Island.

Nassa Newcombei n. sp.

Shell between 25 and 30 mm.in length. Whorls five, with a

well marked shoulder, ornamented by numerous longitudinal and

transverse ribs which give the middle portion of the whorls a tessel-

ated appearance. The upper revolving rib, which forms the angle

of the shoulder, is stronger than the others and is usually separated

from them by a distinct groove. On the last whorl the transverse

ribs (about 25) are dominant on the upper portion, excepting the

shoulder, and are latticed by the less conspicuous revolving sculpt-

ure. On the lower portion of the whorl the transverse ribs dis-

appear, leaving the well-defined revolving ribs uninterrupted.

Bullia buccinoides n. sp.

Shell ovate, whorls five. Spire short. Suture partially or en-

tirely covered. Aperture with strong anterior notch. Outer lip

thin, sharp; inner lip with broad callus. Length 25-30 mm.

Locality : Sooke beds, Vancouver Island.

University of California, August, 1897.

66 THE NAUTILUS.

EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE.

MARSHFIELD, OREGON (Coos Bay), Aug. 23, 1897.

My Dear Pilsbry:—Though I have had good success as far as

fossils are concerned, it has been the wrong season for land shells in

southern Oregon. Everything is three inches deep in impalpable

dry dust, and even the trees are dusty. Barring a few Helix fidelis

and vancouverensis m aestivation and an occasional Ariolimaz, I

have seen nothing in the woods, and the rare brooks here are curi-

ously bare of insect or molluscan life.

Since coming to the sea coast I have been too busy to do more

than note the commoner species on the beaches, and observe a few

items of distribution. The eastern clam, Mya arenaria, has become

acclimated, and is one of the best and most abundant bivalves. It

was introduced unintentionally with seed oysters from the East.

The Pacific oyster, O. Jurida, is not now found living in the bay,

but specimens (which may have been brought here from other

places) occur sparingly in the Indian shell heaps. Unexpected was

the presence of Nassa fossata in numbers, I think not before re-

ported so far north. A rarity of the rocks at Cape Arago is the

black abalone, Haliotis eracherodii, of which this must be nearly, if

not quite, the northern limit. Among rubbish on the beach were a

dead specimen of Mitra maura, and a valve, also dead and worn, of

Tivela crassatelloides. These I suspect to be ballast specimens.

The beaches offer a poor collecting ground, even Littorinas are

scarce. I noted the following species of shells near the entrance of

the bay, though winter collecting would doubtless afford a longer

list :—

Acmaea patina, pelta, persona and mitra; Olivella biplicata and

betica ; Purpura crispata, decemcostata and ostrina ; Litorina scutu-

lata, Priene oregonensis, Nassa fossata, Fisswridea aspera, Crypto-

chiton stelleri, Katherina tunicata and Mopalia muscosa; Mya aren-

aria, Entodesma saxicola, Cardium nuttalli, Saxidomus squalidus,

Tresus nuttallii, Tapes rigida, Petricola carditoides, Saxicava arctica,

Macoma nasuta and inconspicua (pink and white varieties), Siliqua

patula, Hinnites giganteus; a fragment of Pecten caurinus, and in

holes in the sandstones Pholadidea penita, Parapholas californica,

Zirphea crispata, Adula stylina and Kellia laperouset.

Yours very truly,

W. H. Dat.

THE NAUTILUS. 67

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

The annual reports will be due in December. Promptness in

sending reports will be appreciated by the General Secretary. The

annual dues are due in December. The election of President and

General Secretary is held in the same month.

Our President, Prof. Josiah Keep, conducted a class in conchol-

ogy at Pacific Grove this last summer.

COLLECTING AT BALLAST POINT.

(Extract from the report of Mrs. L. T. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea

‘Chapter for 1896.)

On Thursday, Dec. 31, 1896, at 8 A. M., our family started out to

finish up the year by collecting shells on that day. We went to

San Diego—a ten minutes’ trip by rail—and then took a naptha

launch for somewhere, we were not sure where, until we could take

our bearings, and see what places were possible to us.

Out past the ships from England and Australia we made our

way, and could soon see the row of little settlements, if such they

may be called, along the north end of the bay. Farthest to the

east is Roseville, then La Playa, Quarantine, Ballast Point, and

farthest to the west, Pt. Loma, a promontory, five hundred feet

high, surmounted by its lighthouse.

As we studied our geography lesson, it was decided that our boat

should drop us at Quarantine and eall for us at 3.30 P. M., at Bal-

last Point, a distance one and one-half miles if you ride, and two

miles or more if you walk.

About 10.30 we set our foot on the beach at Quarantine, and, a

few minutes later, having eaten our lunch to get it out of the way,

we began to work. At high tide the walk we contemplated would

have been impossibie, as the water comes quite up to the bank,

which, much of the way, is a high and precipitous cliff. But the

tide was going out rapidly, and not only making a pathway, but

uncovering for us what we had come tosee. Mr. T., with his Zool-

ogy class in mind, walked along at the water’s edge, watching

closely for all kinds of animal life.

I walked up on the just uncovered beach, seeing what I might

capture. My first prize proved to be a “ giant key-hole,” Lucapina

68 THE NAUTILUS.

crenulata, animal and shell still in partnership. As this was the

first one I had seen alive, I was more delighted than if I should

have been over the discovery of a continent. I have all the conti-

nents I want, but am always ready for another giant key-hole.

Having all paid our respects to our new acquaintance, and re-

covered somewhat from the shock of finding something we really

wanted, we gently put him to rest in the pail of sea water carried

by the “zoologist,” and we proceeded on our way to other “ finds.”

Not many minutes later another Lucapina met my delighted gaze,

and with fewer demonstrations than before, he was seized and sent

at once to join his brother.

By this time we had come to the bed of mussels, clams and oysters

which had begun to be exposed to view. We had reason to look

for rock oysters, Hinnites giganteus, in that section of the country.

but as collecting them had never been much in our line before, it

took us some time to learn how to find them. They were somuddy

and looked so much like other things for which we had no use, that

we could’nt always be sure of what we were getting, till afterward.

While Mr. T. wrestled with that problem, I amused myself by

springing pleasant surprises on cup and saucer limpets, Crucibulum

spinosum, and transferring them to my basket trom their happy

homes on stones, old shells, broken glass, ete. As this was a new

kind of limpet for me to collect alive in any quantity, and of good

size, I laid in a good supply. Occasionally specimens of Lutricola

alta, Semele decisa,Sanguinolaria Nuttallii, Psammobia rubro-radiata,

Bulla nebulosa and Haminea virescens were found along here.

A little further on we began to find quantities of Heterodonaz

bimaculatus, of a larger size than we had found in San Pedro Bay,

of various colors, purple, salmon, white and striped, every one too

beautiful to leave!

A few minutes before time for our return boat, our most exciting

capture was made, that of a devil fish, presumably 18 inches or

more from tip to tip (he would’nt lie still to have his measure taken).

He was ruthlessly torn from the hole under a stone where he was

domiciled, and, in spite of his writhes and wriggles, was consigned

to the sea water pail, which by this time was filled to overflowing

with star-fish, sea-cucumbers and the not to be overlooked giant

key-holes. Now the star-fish were respectfully invited to take a

back seat in some of the numerous bags, etc., which we have learned

to carry for just such emergencies, that his majesty, the devil fish,

THE NAUTILUS. 69

might have their room. Ashamed of himself, as he well might be

(or was it only a becoming modesty which impelled him ?) he im-

mediately began to squirm his way to the very bottom of the pail,

and there he remained for the home trip.

Then with heavy loads but light hearts, we found our way to the

light house on Ballast Point, where our launch soon called for us.

As we went down to the water to step on board, Mr. T., who led the

way, saw directly in his path, as if waiting for him, our third Luca-

pina. Back to San Diego, six miles, we went, and by six o’clock

were at home, and preparing to put in formalin “pickle” for

future use, the finds of the day.

GENERAL NOTES.

A few months ago I received from H. Rolle, Berlin, two speci-

mens of Achatina crawfordi Mely. One of the shells was broken

when received, and noticing that there appeared to be something

loose inside, I investigated, and got out three embryonic shells

about 8 mm. in diameter. As the Achatinide are said to be ovipa-

rous, this was quite a surprise to me, and I thought a note of it

might be of interest to you. As there was no sign of a “ calcareous

shell,” it would appear that this species, at least, is viviparous.

— Geo. H. Clapp.

PoLyGyRA MEARNSII Dall, has been found by Prof. J. D. Tinsley

in the Organ Mts., New Mexico, high up in Filmore Cafion, one

dead shell. I am responsible for the identification.

T. D. A. Cockereil.

Dr. Lorenzo Yates, of Santa Barbara, Cal., has a short article on

the shells of Santa Barbara Channel in the August number of the

“ Overland Monthly.”

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

Messrs Ph. Dautzenberg and H. Fischer have issued their final

report on mollusks obtained by the dredgings made by the “ Hiron-

delle” and the “ Princesse Alice,’ 1888-1896.! A useful table of

the stations precedes the report on species. The operations were

nearly all conducted around the Azores Is. New species are de-

1Mém. de la Soc. Zool. de France, X, 1897.

70 THE NAUTILUS.

scribed of the genera Pleurotoma (sensu latissimo), Cerithiella,

Amphirissoa (a new Rissoid genus with continuous, reflexed peri-

stome), Basilissopis (a new genus resembling Basilissa, but not

pearly, ete.), Eulima, Niso, Turbonilla, Turcicula, Cyclostrema, Coe-

culina, Puncturella, Aemea, Aliceia (name preoccupied), Isomonia

(new group of Anomiide), Chlamys, Amussium, Myrina, Area, Leda,

Malletia, Cardium, Azinus, Diplodonta, Cuspidaria, Verticordia,

Thracia and Poromya. A\l| the new formsare figured, but the pho-

totypes are not so clear in detail as we could desire, being decidedly

inferior to those illustrating “ Les Mollusques Marins du Roussil-

lon,” for example. Otherwise the work seems well done in every

respect.

In treating the Scalide and the genus Mathilda obtained by the

same expedition,? Mr. Dautzenberg has the able assistance of Mr.

E. de Boury, well known for his studies on Scalide. Thirteen spe-

cies are recorded, of which seven are new.

BREEDING SrnistRAL Herices.—Arnold Lang, in Vierteljahr-

schr. Naturf. Ges. Ziirich, XLI, 1896, Jubelband, p. 448, gives the

results of two experiments to ascertain whether as a rule sinistral

individuals of normally dextral snails produced sinistral or dextral

young. The experiments were conducted two consecutive years,

once with seven, another time with nine individuals of Helix poma-

tia. They were completely isolated; and the result was only dex-

tral young. No less than 241 young were obtained from the lot of

seven.

Edwin Grant Conklin, Professor of Comparative Embryology in

the University of Pennsylvania, has published in the Journal of

Morphology for April, 1897, an elaborate work on the Embryology

of Crepidula, with especial reference to the “cleavage of the ovum,

the formation of the germinal layers and definitive organs, and the

axial relations of the ovum to the larval and adult axes.” The

work is too extensive for abstract here, being, in fact, one of the

most thoroughly worked out studies in “cell lineage” yet produced

in America, and especially valuable for the attention given to the

later stages with the object of tracing the individual blastomeres of

the cleaving egg onward to the germ layers. The interesting obser-

vations upon the natural history of Crepidula forming part of the

prefatory portion of Prof. Conklin’s memoir, we hope to reprint

later.

2 Same volume.

THE NAUTILUS. 71

Genus CEPOLIS Montfort, 1810.

Section Hemitrochus Swainson, 1840.

46. CEPOLIs vARIANS (Menke). Key West; Lower and Upper

Matacumba Keys; Biscayne Bay. Also New Providence, Inagua,

ete., Bahamas.

Genus ACANTHINULA Beck, 1846.

The systematic position of this genus and of Vallonia is unknown.

Section Zodgenites Morse, 1864.

47. ACANTHINULA HARPA (Say). Northern tier of States from

Maine to Minnesota ; Canada ; Bering Island (Vega) ; also Sweden,

Kamchatka, ete.

Genus VALLONIA Risso, 1826.

48. VALLONIA PULCHELLA (Mill.). Montana eastward, from

Canada to, or nearly to, the Gulf of Mexico. Europe.

49. VALLONIA EXCENTRICA Sterki. Quebec and Maine to Mary-

land, west of Ohio; also Europe.

50. VALLonrA cosTata (Mill.). Quebec to Washington, west

to Colorado, Europe.

50a. VALLONIA COSTATA MONTANA Sterki. Rocky Mts.

51. VALLONIA ALBULA Sterki. Quebec, Manitoba, British

Columbia.

52. VALLONIA PARVULA Sterki. Illinois to Nebraska, south to

Indian Territory (V. americana Ancey is the same).

53. VALLONIA GRACILICOsTA Reinh. Mingusville, Mont.; Fort

Berthold, Dakota. Praii=

54. VALLONIA CYCLOPHORELLA Ancey. Washington to Montana,

south to New Mexico.

55. VALLONIA PERSPECTIVA Sterki. Northern Alabama and

Tennesee to Iowa; Mingusville, Montana.

Subfamily POLYGYRINZ (vel Protogona).

Genus PRATICOLELLA vy. Martens, 1892.

56. PRATICOLELLA BERLANDIERIANA (Moricand). Texas,

Anderson and Bosque Counties southward : also Mexico.

57. PRATICOLELLA GRISEOLA (Pfr.). Southern-central Texas;

also and mainly Mexico, as far south as Vera Cruz.

72 THE NAUTILUS.

Genus POLYGYRA Say, 1818.

(Typical Section).

58. PotyGyraA CEREOLUS (Miuhlf.). Florida .Keys and the

adjacent mainland.

58a. PoLyGyRA CEREOLUS CARPENTERIANA (Bld.). Florida,

mainly on the west coast.

59. PoLtyGyRA SEPTEMVOLVA Say. Central and northeastern

Florida.

59a. PoLYGYRA SEPTEMVOLVA SANCTIJOHANNIS Pils. Valley

of the St. John’s River.

59b. PoLyGyRA SEPTEMVOLVA VOLYOXIs (Pfr.). St. Simon’s L,

Georgia, to Florida and west to New Orleans, La., and Galveston,

Texas. (Poly. febigeri Bld. is a synonym).

59c. PoLYGyYRA SEPTEMVOLVA FLORIDANA Hemphill. Oyster

Bay, Florida.

* *k *

60. PotyGyRA AURICULATA Say. Indian River region and St.

John’s valley to Cedar Keys.

60a. PoLyGyRA AURICULATA MICROFORIS Dall. Johnson’s

Sink, Alachua Co., Fla.

61. PoLyGyRA UVULIFERA (Shuttl.). Florida, Key West and

Cape Sable north to Tampa Bay ; Lake Apopka.

62. PoLyGYRA AURIFORMIS (Bld.). Comal, Bexar and Burleson

Counties, Texas, east to Uniontown, Ala. and Georgia.

63. PoLyGyRa ESPILOcA (“ Rav.” Bld.). Sullivan’s 1.,8.C.and |

St. Simon I., Ga., west to New Orleans, La. and Indianola, Texas.

64. PoLyGyRA POSTELLIANA (Bld.). Coast counties of Georgia

to Baldwin, Florida.

65. PoLyGyRa AVARA Say. Valley of the St. John’s River,

Florida.

66. PoLyGyRaA pusTULA (Fér.). South Carolina and Lee Co.,

Ga., south to St. Augustine and Cedar Keys, Florida.

67. PoLyGyRA PUSTULOIDES (Bld.). St. Simon I., Ga., west to

eastern Tennessee and Jackson Co., Ala.

68. PoLyGyRA LEPORINA (Gld.). Henry Co., Indiana, through

Ky. and Tenn. to Ga.; Cape Girardeau and Barry Counties, Mo.,

south and southwest to Ft. Gibson, Ind. Terr., and Anderson, Lee,

Washington, and Ft. Bend Counties, Texas. The only typical

Polygyra extending north of the Ohio River.

(To be Continued.)

Tur N@erTicus.

Wir, SIE NOVEMBER, 1897. No. 7.

NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN LAND SHELLS.

BY W. Ha DALL.

Helix (Lysinoe) Queretaroana n. sp.

Shell large, rugose, with a pale yellow-brown periostracum over a

livid whitish, finely granular surface; whorls five, sloping above,

with a well marked suture, to a rather elevated narrow apex ; below

rounded ; nuclear whorl and a half smooth, perhaps with micro-

scopic punctuations when unworn; the rest of the surface rugose

from irregular incremental lines and densely covered with minute

rounded pustules; apex with a few darker flecks on the whitish

ground, but otherwise the shell is destitute of color pattern and

entirely without banding ; aperture ample, oblique, outer lip simple,

not reflected, internally somewhat thickened by a livid rose-colored

callus; inner lip rose color, reflected, nearly covering a small

perforate umbilicus; throat brownish, deeper just below the suture

on the body whorl, a thin callus connecting the somewhat incurved

outer lip with the pillar; base — rounded. Alt. 37, max.

diam. 39, min. diam. 32 mm.

Pinal de Amoles, Queretaro, Mexico, E. W. Nelson.

This fine species is related to H. Humboldtiana, from which it is

easily distinguished by its color, more pointed spire and less de-

pressed apex. The rose color of the interior becomes less bright

with time.

Helix (Lysinoe) sebastiana n. sp.

Shell large, moderately depressed, of four and a half whor!s, with

a well marked suture; nepionic whorls two, smooth, plum colored ;

74 THE NAUTILUS.

subsequent whorls obliquely flattened above, full and rounded

below; surface marked only with incremental lines and irregular

minute vermiculations in general harmony therewith; color a dark

plum hue, which where covered by the brownish epidermis

appears nearly black ; at the periphery a narrow white or yellowish

band, above it two narrower, nearly equidistant smaller ones, that

nearer the suture more or less obscure on the last whorl; the

whitish bands are visible inside the aperture, the rest of the shell is

dark; aperture ample, produced above, the lip slightly thickened,

the pillar broadly reflected over a moderate umbilicus. Alt. 30,

max. diam. 40, min. diam. 32 mm.

This species is more depressed than H. eximia, and has one less

whorl, a darker base and less reflection of the peristome. The

granulation is rather sparse and very irregular.

Near San Sebastian, Jalisco, Mexico, Nelson.

Polygyra Nelsoni n. sp.

Shell dark brown, of five and a half rather depressed whorls;

suture distinct, surface with well-marked even riblets, separated by

wider interspaces, except on the nepionic shell which is smooth,

and of two whorls; periphery above the middle of the whorl, base

rounded with a deep subeylindrical umbilicus; aperture depressed

above, with a wide, reflected, white peristome; basal lip with two

well developed teeth and wide callus on the inner edge of the peri-

stome outside of the outer tooth; body with a long sigmoid or

nearly V-shaped tooth nearly parallel with the basal lip. Alt. 7-2,

maj. diam. 14°5, min. diam. 12°0 mm.

With the last. This species differs from P. matermontana Pils.

(from Colima) by its coarser ribbing, larger size and smaller

umbilicus, the peristome is also more oblong. P. plagioglossa Pfr. is

smaller with a rounder aperture. A smaller relatively more

‘elevated variety, coJlisella, alt. 7, maj. diam. 11, min. diam, 9°5

mm., was found at San Sebastian and La Laguna, Jalisco, by Nelson-

The latter is on the Sierra de Guanocatlan.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY OF LAND SHELL FROM IDAHO.

BY HENRY HEMPHILL.

Helix devia variety Clappi Hemphill.

Shell very much depressed; light horn-color; strize of growth

very fine with occasional coarser ones at irregular intervals on some

THE NAUTILUS. Vt)

of the specimens; epidermis thin, a little brownish in color, and

appearing very minutely hirsute in some shades of light under a

strong pocket lens; whorls about five, the last flatly convex not

descending at its termination, or very little in the largest specimens ;

spire depressed, very little elevated above the plane of the shell;

suture distinct and well defined; aperture transversely lunar, a

little flattened beneath ; peristome reflected, moderately thickened,

with a faint, long lamellar basal deposit on its inner edge, sometimes

absent; parietal wall bearing a small white rather sharp-pointed

denticle just within the aperture and near the termination of the

upper lip, rarely absent; lower surface of the shell flatly convex,

with a deep broad umbilicus showing a portion of the penultimate

whorl.

Greater diam. of the largest specimen, 15, lesser 12 mm.

Greater diam. of the smallest specimen, 11, lesser 9 mm.

Height of the largest specimen, 5 mm.

Height of the smallest specimen, 3 mm.

Habitat, Salmon River Mts., Idaho.

This interesting form belongs to a large and very variable, but

elosely related group of shells that has a wide geographical range,

some of its members inhabiting every state and territory of the

United States, and even passing beyond its limits. The west coast

forms of this group revolve around Helix devius Gld., as a common

centre, and radiate from it in every direction, greatly but gradually

diminishing in size, increasing, decreasing, diminishing and varying

in the number, size and form of the apertural denticles, and with

all the imtermediate stages of a broad open, to a closely sealed

umbilicus. Our new variety differs from all the other known forms

of this group of shells, by the combination of its very depressed

spire, basal lamellar deposit, and its large umbilicus. Its nearest

ally is variety Blandi, from which it is separated by the basal

deposit and larger umbilicus.

I take much pleasure in dedicating this form to my young friend,

Mr. Geo. H. Clapp, of Pittsburg, Pa., an intelligent student and

enthusiastic collector of American land shells.

NOTES ON SLUGS.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

; My esteemed friend, Mr. Pilsbry, in conjunction with Mr. Van-

atta, has favored us with the first part of a “Revision of North

76 THE NAUTILUS.

American Slugs,” which is, in all respects, a most valuable and

timely production.

As might be supposed, the authors find it necessary to criticise

their predecessors in the study—just as, no doubt, their successors

will criticise them. But whatever criticism may be offered, it will

always be recognized that they put our slugs on a sounder basis than

before, supposing that they finish the work so well begun.

Nevertheless, if they are not careful, they are liable to be trou-

bled by the the shades of the departed; and they have, in fact,

woke out of his malacological grave the present writer, who has a

few posthumous observations to make herewith.

Ariolimax californicus.

In Nov., 1889, Mr. H. F. Wickham sent me two examples of this

species, which he found at Los Gatos, California. I have before me

the drawings I then made of their internal anatomy, which agree

with those of Messrs. Pilsbry and Vanatta, except that the epiphal-

lus is less swollen and the retractor penis is not so broad. The epi-

phallus is clearly shown running to the end of the so-called “ flagel-

lum ” of the penis; so that this point in the anatomy, which our

authors seem to think they were the first to observe, was known to

me long ago. Of course they could not be supposed to know any-

thing about an unpublished observation, but had they carefully

examined the literature, they would have read Simroth’s statement :

“ Herr Cockerell fand, nach brieflicher Mittheilung, dass ein echtes

Flagellum nicht vorhanden ist, sondern dass das vas deferens sich

bis su dessen blinden Ende verfolgen lisst.’” (Malak. BL, N. F.,

XI, p. 114). They might also have observed fig. H, pl. V, of W.

G. Binney’s 3d Suppt., which, though rather rough, is practically

correct. Binney himself says the vas deferens “enters the penis at

the end of the flagellum below the bulb,” (Man. Amer. Land Shells,

p. 100), which cannot be considered far wrong. Simroth’s figure in

Mal. Bl. is, however, unquestionably wrong as to this matter, sup-

posing that he had real californicus before him.

Our authors assume that californicus f. maculatus is really colum-

bianus, on the wholly insufficient grounds that they have never seen

spotted californicus. Yet they may be correct, as I never had a

spotted californicus I could dissect. My notes on the British Mu-

seum specimens are as follows :—

“Ariolimax californicus, from W.G. Binney. Big spot on mantle.

45 mm. long.

THE NAUTILUS. Uh

“Ariolimax columbianus, from W.G. Binney, 45 mm. long.

“ Really, there is no external difference between these slugs !—at

least, nothing specific. Californicus is more keeled, and has a nar-

rower sole (sole lat. of ca/. 11, of columb.13 mm.). Sole of columb.

is unicolor grayish ochre, that of calif. has lateral tracts grayer ; both

are transversely wrinkled. Reticulations on body appear to me to

be the same. In color both are ochreous, co/wmb. has black mot-

tling on body (v. maculatus Ckll.) ; calif. has similar black marbling

on body, but mantle, instead of being unicolor, hasa large black

spot, diam. 6 mm., over place of shell (v. maculatus, noy.). This

spot on mantle is in fig. of colwmb. mac. in Binney, PI. vi, f. A.”

(Ckll. MSS.).

Ariolimax costaricensis.

Here again our authors must be convicted of hasty judgment.

They complain that there is nothing in the description to identify

the slug, except the locality ; but they overlook the peculiar oliva-

ceous color. British Museum slugs are not permitted to be dis-

sected, and I gave the best account of the creature I could under

the circumstances, It is to californicus much what Parmacella var.

olivacea is to P. maculata, or Anadenus schlagintweiti to A. altivagus.

Whether it is a good species or only a color variety cannot at pres-

ent be determined, but at least it will be easily recognizable.

Prop hysaon.

In their introductory remarks, our authors allude to the difficulty

of identifying West Coast slugs. I believe this difficulty is by no

means a serious one, if one is familiar with the literature, and will

exclude certain forms which are probably not distinct. The follow-

ing table may help to separate the recognized species of Prophy-

saon :—

(1.) Epiphallus stout, sausage-shaped. A pale dorsal stripe.

a. Ochreous species,. . . . . . P. pacificwm (inel. flavum).

b. Grayish species, . . . . P. andersoni (incl. hemphilli).

(2). Epiphallus banana-shaped, but tapering at the end. No pale

dorsal stripe, . . P. cerulewm (Epiphallus rather slender,

flattish, tapering, somewhat curved. Shell 2 mm. long,

narrow, white, shiny),

(3). Epiphallus slender, gradually tapering to a point. Body with

a blackish dorsal band,

78 THE NAUTILUS.

a. Jaw Tibbed, ... +... .meeee ee. - - > 2 ejesee

b. Jaw only striate,, . . P. humile. (Until more material

of humile is seen, it cannot be made sure that the jaw-character is a

specific one.)

My present opinion is that Phenacarion must be merged in Pro-

physaon s. str.

In order to further elucidate some of the forms of Prophysaon, I

give below some of my notes, made vears ago, but not published at

the time.

Prophysaon hemphilli W.G. Binney (as Phenacarion).

This must not be confounded with P. hemphilli B. and B., which

I consider specifically identical with andersoni. I know little more

about it than may be gathered from Mr. Binney’s account. Mr.

Binney sent me one from near the mouth of the Chehalis River, and

I noted at the time: looks like type foliolatus in alcohol. Sole pale

yellowish white. Edge of foot dark, with darker transverse lines.

Body bluish-gray, tapering; mantle more brownish.

Prophysaon foliolatum (Arion foliolatus Gld.).

Comparing this with P. hemphilli B. & B., I noted :—Sole white,

oblique transverse grooves visible. Transverse dark streaks on

edge of sole more strongly marked, alternating strong and weak

Body exactly the same color (in aleohol) as hemphilli B.& B. Pale

dorsal line very slightly indicated. Reticulations practically as in

hemphilli, but foliations more distinct. Mantle not so dark and

brownish-tinged ; bands represented by subcoalesced black marks;

black spots scattered about. As I wrote in An. Mag. N. Hist., 1890,

“it is most difficult to separate P. foliolatum and Proph. hemphilli

(i. e. andersont) specifically.” An alcoholic example of hemphilli

differed from foliolatum as under—

Prophysaon hemphilli B. & B.

Sole slightly yellowish, only wrinkled transversely. Marks on

edge of sole quite similar, but not so well marked. Body purplish

mouse-color, i. e., gray with a lilac tinge. Mantle dark, with indis-

tinct “smoke colored band.” Body tapering. No mucus pore. A

pale dorsal line is barely indicated just behind mantle to half length

of back. Slug 42 mm. long.

Lad

THE NAUTILUS. 79

Prophysaon andersont (Cooper).

An alcoholic from Olympia was described thus:—Twenty-four

mm. long. Sole yellowish-white. Oblique grooves as in foliolatus.

Markings on edge of sole as in hemphilli B. & B., but not so dark.

Body same color as hemp/hilli, but paler at sides; in fact, white

above sole at sides. Reticulations as in hemphilli, showing out

lilae-gray on the whitish sides. Pale (rather brownish) dorsal line.

No indication of any keel. Body much less tapering than in

hemphilli. No mucus pore. Mantle smaller and more rounded at

ends than in hemphilli, decidedly brownish, its edges pale. There

are indistinct subdorsal bands on mantle. Ovotestis imbedded in

liver ; in fasciatum it is visible without moving liver.

A living P. andersoni from Haywards, California, sent by Dr.

Cooper, agreed with the above, but differed in its mantle, which was

not brown but grayish, heavily marbled with dark gray dorsally, so

as to appear almost uniform blackish, and at sides with dark gray

or blackish marbling showing out plain on the pale ground. The

surface of the mantle is beautifully beaded-granular. The pale dor-

sal line is brownish tinged, thus differing from the rest of the body.

The epiphallus of P. andersoni y. suffusa, from Chehalis, Wash.,

is very stout, shorter than that of typical andersoni.

Prophysaon humile.

A Coeur d’ Alene example, compared with fasciatum, differs thus :—

Sole gray instead of yellowish. Transverse wrinkles not oblique.

Grooves on edge not dark. Reticulation practically the same.

Dorsal band on body much reduced. Ground color grayish.

Prophysaon fasciatum.

Specimens in alcohol were sometimes tinged with scarlet, but I

could not be sure whether this was natural or due to some acci-

dental staining.

In conclusion, I hope it will not be supposed that all the charac-

ters above given are believed by the writer to be specific. The pur-

pose is, simply to point out differences between the specimens which

have been differently named, without deciding how far those differ-

ences are specific. In my Check-List of Slugs, and elsewhere, I

have indicated my opinion about the species as such.

Mesilla, New Mexico, Sept. 15, 1896.

80 THE NAUTILUS.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

{Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

For the benefit of our new members I will say that while the

Popular Science News is the official organ of the Agassiz Associa-

tion, THe Navriwus is the official organ of our Conchological

Chapter.

Please bear in mind the annual reports and dues are to be sent

in next month. This department is made up from the reports of

our members. Let us make this year’s volume of Transactions the

best we have ever had.

The volume when last heard from had just been forwarded by

Mr. Hilles Smith to Mr. James H. Lemon, Toronto, Ontario. The

book has “ gone the rounds” rather slowly this year.

COLLECTING DURING THE SUMMER OF 796.

[Extract from the report of Mr. H. Howe. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea

Chapter for 1896].

During the summer months I collected around San Pedro and

Long Beech. A very pretty and rather rare shell is the Acteon

punctocelatus Cpr., commonly called the “barrel shell.” It may

be found alive during June, July and August, at the roots of the

eel-grass where it comes to breed. The eggs are almost microscopic

and are laid in coiled masses about one inch in length, which is

twice the size of the entire Mollusk shell and all. The Acteon

(also called Rictaxis) lives in deep water and can only be collected

during the breeding season.

In August I made a trip to Anaheim Landing in company with

a friend, also a collector. As the low tide occured at four o’clock

in the morning (and we live about ten miles away) we had to start

at two o’clock in the morning. On arriving at our collecting

ground we set to work and soon had excavated several fine

Glycimeris generosa and Schizotherus Nuttalli. These are about

the hardest shells to collect that I know of, for they live from two

to three feet down in the mud. In the soft clay we dug out some

fine Pholas pacifica and Zirphea crispata, Bulla nebulosa and Pecten

cequisuleatus, were very large and plentiful. At this place I found

my first live Nassa perpinguis. When hunting for the burrows of

THE NAUTILUS. 81

the Glycimeris, unless an expert, one is apt at the end of his search,

to be very much disgusted at finding instead of the desired mollusks,

nothing but a “sea cucumber.”

At San Pedro I secured a dozen or more living specimens of

Chrysodomus Kellettii, brought in from deep water by a fisherman,

and, collected on the mud-flats a few Trophon Belcheri and a large

Mactra Hemphillii.

_ In the pholas bed at San Pedro I found some large specimens of

Adula stylina and Lithophagus plumula, three young Parapholas

Californica and a few specimens of Nettastomella Darwinii, a little

borer about three-fourths of an inch long and gaping widely at the

posterior end.

After a heavy tide at Long Beach one may collect occasional

specimens of Periploma planiuscula Sby., Clidiophora punctata and

odd valves of Raeta undulata and Yoldia Cooperi.

While on a camping trip this summer to Maliban Ranch, a

rocky strip of sea coast about twenty miles north of Santa Monica,

I collected my first specimens of Lasea rubra. It is a tiny bivalve

about the size of a pin-head, and the smallest Pelecypod on this

coast. I found them on the byssus of Mytilus Californicus. On

the same rocks with, and feeding on the Mytilus I found a fine

series of Purpura saxicola the largest and most beautiful I have

seen. In color they varied from white and orange to jet black,

some striped, some plain, others smooth, and still often slightly

roughened. I think this is about the only piace in Los Angeles

County where Purpuras are to be found. (Two or three collectors

have found Purpuras at Portuguese Bend, in Los Angeles County.

Purpura saxicola and Purpura lima var. emarginata, are syno-

nymous terms used for one of our Californica purpuras. The

shell figured in “ West Coast Sheils” as P. lima refers to another

shell—M. B. W.).

NOTES AND NEWS.

In L’ Echange for June, 1897, p. 46, Mr. Locard establishes a new

genus Assiminopsis for the new A. abyssorum, from the Atlantic

south of Portugal in 1,205 metres depth. It is probably Rissoid.

M. Jules Mabille’s “ Observations sur le genre Bulla” in Bull.

Soc. Philomathique de Paris, 1895-96 (published in 1897), is prac-

82 THE NAUTILUS.

tically a monograph of the group, although there are numerous

omissions. 5. ampulla is split into several species formerly (and

justly) regarded as varieties. 6. vernicosa Gould is described as

new under the name “8B. secunda.” B. adamsi Mke., which has

already had several synonyms, figures as “2. subaustralis sp. nov.”

B. dubiosa, habitat unknown, and B. delorti, Japan, are also de-

scribed as new. ‘The first is certainly well named. In all 23 spe-

cies are mentioned, this number ineluding several not entitled to

that rank. In the monograph published in Manual of Conchology,

1894, there are 32, not counting “bad” species.

In his “Contributions a la Connaissance des Mollusques Terrestres

et d’ Eau Douce de Kaméroun,”’ Mr. Adolf d’Ailly has made a sub-

stantial addition to the rather meagre literature of west African

land shells. The shells described were collected by three Swedish

naturalists, Mr. P. Duzén and Drs. Y. Sjéstedt and J. R. Jungner:

The Cameroon fauna is rich in species of Ennea, 17 being enumer-

ated, 8 of them new. The Zonitoid genera Helicarion, Zonitarion,

Thapsia and Trochozonites are represented by numerous species

with many new forms. In the Achatinide a new genus, Ganomi-

dos, is proposed for Achatina Shuttleworthi Pfr. and A. Barriana

Sowb. The genus Petitia Jousseaume (of tautologic fame) is recog-

nized for Achatina pulchella Martens, of which Petitia Petitia Jouss.

and Ach. Smithi Sowb. are reckoned synonyms. Pseudachatina,

Perideris and Limicolaria are well represented. M. d’Ailly has in-

dependently arrived at the conclusion that the sculpture of the em-

bryonic shell is frequently a character of high value in the Pulmon-

ate snails. Five well-drawn lithographic plates illustrate the new

species described.

VALLONIA PARVULA AND PupA Houzincert.—In the October

Nauritus just received to-day I notice that Vadlonia parvula

Sterki, is not given as occurring east of Illinois. In the summer

of 1891 I discovered this species on Put-in Bay Island, Lake Erie.

The specimens were submitted to Dr. Sterki, and determined by

him. Associated with it was Pupa Holzingeri Sterki, which is also

a Mississippi Valley form. The occurrence of these two species so

far east may be of interest to youu—BrRYANT WALKER.

1Tn Bihang till K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 22.

THE NAUTILUS. 83

PoLyGyRA PLICATA Say. Kentucky, Tennessee and the adja-

cent parts of Georgia and Alabama. Helix hazardi Bld. is syno-

nymous. The name plicata was not preoccupied in Polygyra, to

which genus Say originally referred this species.

PoLyGYRA DORFEUILLIANA Lea. Washington to Cooke Coun-

ties, Texas, through Indian Territory, Ark., La. to the Coosa River,

Ala., north to Arkansas City, Kansas, Benton County, Mo., and

Kentucky opposite Cincinnati.

POLYGYRA DORFEUILLIANA SAMPSONI Wetherby. Texas, Indian

-Terr., Mo., Ark.

PoLYGYRA FASTIGIATA Say. Henry Co., Ky. to Montgomery

and Franklin Counties, Tenn. Helix fastigans Lucy Say in Bld., is

a synonym.

PoLyGYRA JACKSONI (Bld.). Indian Territory, Ark., and Mo.

north to Camden Co.

POLYGYRA JACKSONI DELTOIDEA Simpson. Fort Gibson, Indian

Territory.

POLYGYRA TROOSTIANA Lea. Tennessee, Kentucky.

*k * 2k

PoOLYGYRA OPPILATA (Moric). Cedar Keys (Binney). A south-

ern Mexican and Yucatan species, the occurrence of which in Flor-

ida requires confirmation.

POLYGYRA MOOREANA (\W.G. Binney). Central and southern

Texas.

POLYGYRA MOOREANA THOLUS (W.G. B.). Washington County,

Texas.

PoLYGYRA BICRURIS (Pfr.). Brownsville and mouth of Rio

Grande River, Texas. A Mexican species.

PoLYGYRA VENTROSULA (Pfr.). A species of northwestern Mex-

ico, reported from Texas by Binney.

POLYGYRA VENTROSULA HINDsI (Pfr.). Texas, according to

Binney.

POLYGYRA MATERMONTANA Pils. Texas; also Sierra Madre,

Mexico.

PoLyGYRA TEXASIANA (Moric.). Indian Territory and through-

out Texas.

PoLtyeyRra TRIODONTOIDES (Bld.). Barry Co., Mo., Indian Ter-

ritory, southwestern Louisiana, south to Corpus Christi, Texas.

POLYGYRA LATISPIRA Pils. Western Texas.

PoLYGYRA ARIADN# (Pfr.). Texas, on the Rio Grande, accord-

ing to Binney.

84 THE NAUTILUS.

PoLyGykA HIPPOCREPIS (Pfr.). Near New Braunfels, Comal

Co., Texas.

PoLyGyRA LEVETTEI (Bld.). New Mexico, Santa Fé Canyon,

near Santa Fé; Arizona, near Tucson; Fort Huachuca, Huachuca

Mts.

POLYGYRA LEVETTEL THOMSONIANA Ancey (var. orobena Ane. is

probably not distinct).

POLYGYRA CHIRICAHUANA Dall. Arizona near Tueson, Fly

Park, Chiricahua Mts., Cochise Co., at 10,000 ft. alt.; New Mexico,

Jemez Mts. near Bland, and at Jemez Sulphur Spring, 8-10,000 ft.

above the sea.

PoLYGYRA ASHMUNI Dall. Bland, New Mexico.

PoLyGyRA PsEUDODONTA Dall. White Oaks, New Mexico.

PoLyGyRaA RHyYssA Dati. White Mountains of New Mexico.

PoLyGyRA MEARNSII Dall. Huachuca Mts., Arizona, and Ha-

chita Grande Mt., Grant Co., New Mexico, at 8,000 to 9 400 ft. alti-

tude. Also Filmore Canyon, Organ Mts.

Section Triodopsis Rafinesque.

POLYGYRA TRIDENTATA (Say). Canada to Michigan, south to

northern Alabama.

POLYGYRA TRIDENTATA JUXTIDENS Pils. Southern New York

to North Carolina and West Virginia.

POLYGYRA TRIDENTATA EDENTILABRIS Pils. Cumberland Mts.

PoLyGYRA TRIDENTATA COMPLANATA Pils. Burnside, Ky.

POLYGYRA FRAUDULENTA Pils. (Helix fallax of authors, not Say).

Ontario, Canada, to Michigan and Illinois, south to Georgia.

POLYGYRA FALLAX (Say). (Helix introferens Bld.). Eastern

Pennsylvania and New Jersey from Philadelphia southward to Fan-

ning Co., Ga.; Holston Valley, Tenn.; W. Va.

PoOLYGYRA FALLAX OBSOLETA Pils. Newbern, N. C.

PoLyGyRA HOPETONENSIS (Shuttl.). Newbern, N.C. to Georgia

Sea Is. and Mayport, Fla., west to Cedar Keys, Fla.

PoLyGyRA VANNOSTRANDI (Bld.). Aiken, S.C.; Augusta, Ga. ;

Jacksonville, Fla.

PotyGyra vuLruosa (Gld.). Eastern Texas and Indian Terr.,

north to Pettis Co., Mo.

PoLyGYRA VULTUOSA HENRIETTA (Mazyck). Angelina, Lee

and Robertson Counties, Texas.

PoLtyGyka vULTUOSA copEI Weth. Hardin Co., eastern Texas,

Caleasieu Parish, La.

PoLyGyRA VULTUOSA CRAGINI (Call). Neosha and Bourbon

Counties, Kansas; Eureka Springs, Ark.; Wood Co., Texas.

(To be Continued.)

——

fre: N ATi us.

VoL. XI. DECEMBER, 1897. No. 8.

; —

NEW WEST AMERICAN SHELLS.

IBY W. Heep AE:

Sigaretus Oldroydii Dall, n. sp.

Shell large, thin, naticoid, with a short spire and 3-4 inflated

whorls ; color pale brown, livid on the spire, fading to waxen on

the base; surface sculptured with extremely fine wavy spiral striz ;

aperture ample, oblique, the outer lip thin, a little patulous, the

body covered with a thin callus, the pillar lip obliquely cut away,

wide near the junction with the body, the basal part of the margin

receding ; umbilicus large, pervious, its walls covered with a thin,

silky, brown wrinkled epidermis. Alt. 35, diam. 37 mm.

A single specimen in deep water off Catalina Id., Cala., collected

by Mr. and Mrs. T. 8. Oldroyd.

This species is easily distinguished from any other recorded, by

its very thin shell, naticoid form and wide pervious umbilicus.

Pecten Palmeri Dall, n. sp.

Shell thin, orbicular, compressed, equilateral, white to yellowish-

brown, with concentric or zig-zag narrow bands or flecks of dark

rose color; 15 strong ribs rounded in the young, mesially keeled

and longitudinally threaded in the adult, separated by narrower

channelled interspaces, each with a mesial thread; all crossed by

lamellose, concentric, rather sparsely distributed elevated lines; sub-

margins and ears closely radially threaded with imbricated threads.

Both valves similarly sculptured ; alt. 47.5, lat. 538, diameter about

20 mm.

86 THE NAUTILUS.

A number of valves collected near the head of the Gulf of Cala.

by Dr. E. Palmer some years ago.

Pecten Randolphi Dall, n. sp.

Shell small, thin, glassy, unsculptured, except by minute “ camp-

tonectes ” striation which covers both valves, and more or less ob-

scure concentric undulations which are most distinct on the right

valve near the umbo, and in some specimens altogether absent ;

hinge straight and short, anterior ears distinct, posterior ears not

defined by any fold or sinus, outline suborbicular, valves com-

pressed, especially the right one; right anterior ear with six small

imbricated radii above, below a wide, transversely striated fasciole

derived from a well marked byssal sinus ; ctenolium with four or five

functional spines. Alt. 27-5, lat. 26, diam. 5 mm,

Off Destruction Island, State of Washington, in 516 fathoms,

bottom temperature, 38° Fahr., U.S. Fish Commission.

This species was obtained at a number of stations, from Bering

Sea to West Mexico, in 225 to 1005 fathoms. It is named in honor

of Mr. P. B. Randolph, of Seattle, who has done excellent work on

the Puget Sound fauna.

Pecten Davidsoni Dall, n. sp.

Shell small, suborbicular, compressed, waxen white, the left valve

with 21 rounded ribs, surmounted by (when not worn off) continu-

ous rows of minute subglobular scales, the interspaces wider, flat and

perfectly smooth, ears very small, the anterior with five or six im-

bricated radii; sculpture obsolete near the umbones; right valve

sculptured with faint concentric impressed lines over the whole sur-

face, and distally with numerous minute, obsolete, fine, scaly riblets ;

posterior ear transversely striated, very small, anterior one with four

or five scaly radii, a well marked sinus leaving an imbricated fas-

ciole and no ctenolium. Interior polished, the left valve fluted

internally in harmony with the external ribs. Alt. 14, lat. 14,

diam. 3°D mm.

On the Davidson Bank, Alaska, in 280 fathoms, green mud, and

north of Unalashka, in Bering Sea, in 351 fathoms, sand; U.S.

Fish Commission.

This little shell resembles somewhat P. (Propeamusium) alasken-

sis Dall, externally, but wants the radiating lire internally, is

smaller, and has faint radiating sculpture on the right valve, which

is wanting in P. alaskensis.

THE NAUTILUS. 87

NOTE ON TWO SPECIES OF HELICINA.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

1. Helicina Rabei Pils., recently described in the NAutiztus from

specimens collected by Dr. Rabe, must be the same as the previously

described H. rufocallosa Anc., based on the examples long ago dis-

tributed by Dr. J. D. E. Schmeltz, of the Museum Godeffroy, under

the erroneous name of H. Fischeriana’ Montr. (which may be iden-

tical with “ H. Picheriana” of Paetel’s Catalogue). The species is

from Peleliu, Pelew Islands, and the color is very variable. The

type specimen is grayish with a red basal callosity, but I have, since

I published H. rufocallosa, procured other specimens having differ-

ent shades of coloring.

2. Helicina Funcki Pfeiffer, originally described from New

Granada (Funck), is also found at Greytown, Nicaragua. It has

also been detected on Monkey Hill, near Colon, Isthmus of Pan-

ama, by Mr. Aillaud. The size of the two specimens collected in

the latter spot is different, one of them being considerably smaller

and tinged with pink-red on the last whorl.

OXYCHONA UNMASKED.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Those who have interested themselves in South American land

shells will recall the group Oxychona of Mérch, containing a few

acutely keeled, trochus-shaped Brazilian species, the best known of

which is Helix bifasciata Burrow.

In Costa Rica and southern and eastern Mexico there are some

similar Helices which had been placed in Geotrochus, Corasia, ete.,

but which the present writer in 1889° transferred to Oxychona.

This disposition also commended itself to von Martens, who in

1893,’ adopts the same view. In my “ Guide to the Study of Heli-

ces,’ 1894, no doubt was expressed regarding the alliance of the

'The true Fischeriana is a larger shell, allied to rufocallosa (= Rabei) and

is probably confined to the islands near eastern New Guinea.

2 Man. Conch. (2), v, p. 128.

* Biol. Centr. Americana, Moll., p. 152.

88 THE NAUTILUS.

Brazilian and Mexican species, and by the kindness of Professor

Gwatkin, of Cambridge, England, who supplied a mounted prepa-

ration, I was enabled to figure the jaw and teeth of Helix bifasci-

ata, the type of Oxychona, and up to this time, the only species of

the group to be dissected. At that time I called attention tothe

resemblance in dentition between Oxychona, Papuina, Polymita and

other arboreal Helices, ending with an allusion to the teeth of

Otostomus (now known as Drymeus aurisleporis). Recently while

studying the aurisleporis group of Bulimi, I was again struck with

the extreme resemblance of their radule to that of Oxychona.. Now,

since my former examination of Oxychona, the study of Bulimulid

groups has been revolutionized by the discovery of extremely char-

acteristic generic and subgeneric characters in the sculpture of the

nepionic shell, as the part formed within the egg is called ; so that

I at once examined the apex of the Oxychona. The lens revealed in

H. bifasciata and the other Brazilian species, the minutely “ grated”

sculpture of Drymeus! This combination of the very characteristic

and peculiar nepionic sculpture of Drymeus* with the equally char-

acteristic dentition, conclusively show that Oxychona is a Drymeus

masquerading as a Helix. The Central American and Mexican

species referred to Oxychona have smooth apices, very different from

the Brazilian group. There can be little doubt that these are true

Helicidze; and as they must now be cut adrift from Ozychona, I

propose to reinstate for their reception the group name Leptarionta

Crosse & Fischer, based upon Helia bicincta Pfr. This willstand as

a genus, and may still be left in my group Belogona euadenia (dart

bearers with true glands), next to Lysinoe, until more is known of

the soft parts. Atleast one of thespecies, L. trigonostoma, is known

to have a serrate keel on the tail like Lysinoe.

Figures of the apices of Oxychona and its Bulimulid allies may

be found in the current volume of the Manual of Conchology. The

evidence supplied by Semper, Hedley and myself that true Helices

often appear disguised as Bulimi, now finds its counterpart in the

Bulimulide, in such Helicoid species as Bulimulus eremothawma

Pils., and that worst cheat of all, Drymeus ( Oxychona) bifasciatns

Burrow.

4 Drymeus includes not only the Aurisleporis group and the flaring lipped

Bulimuli like serperastus, but also ‘*‘ Bulimulus” dormani and multilineatus

among Floridian species, either of which, if unworn, will show the apical

sculpture alluded to under a sufficiently strong lens. See Nautizus, IX p, 114.

THE NAUTILUS. 89

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

A number of good reports have been promised. The volume of

Transactions has been forwarded by Mrs. Mary P. Olney to Mrs.

Drake, who will forward it to Mrs. King at Napa, Cala. By that

time all our members will have received it.

In the November Nauritus Mr. Herbert Lowe’s name appeared

as “Howe” in the article on “Collecting During the Summer of

96.”

The following nominations have been made for the officers of the

Chapter for 1898: for President, Prof. Josiah Keep; for General

Secretary, Dr. Wm. S. Strode.

Dr. William Healey Dall has named a new shell collected in

Alaskan waters Crenella Leana, in honor of Dr. Isaac Lea, for

whom our Chapter was named. The shell, a little bivalve, is de-

scribed in a Bulletin issued by the Natural History Society of

British Columbia, entitied “ Notice of Some New or Interesting Spe-

cies of Shells from British Columbia and the Adjacent Region,” by

William Healey Dall, Hon. Curator Dept. of Mollusks, U. S.

National Museum. ‘The Bulletin contains 18 pages, 2 plates, with

38 figures, and an index to all species mentioned in the text. Of

the 30 species figured in this pamphlet, 27 are Dr. Dall’s species,

23 are new species and 4 have been described by him but not fig-

ured in THe Naurinus. Leda taphria Dall, known on the West

Coast as L. celata Hinds (non Conrad) is figured.—The October

Navtiius for 1896, contains a note on this species—The genus

Malletia is for “ the first time recorded from the northwest coast of

America.”

MORNING TIDES.

[From the report of Mrs. M. L. Beck. From the Transactions of the Isaac Chapter

for 1896].

One bright day in June I was told we were to go collecting the

next day at San Pedro, and as the tide would be Jow at half past

three in the morning, we would have to go to the beach the evening

before and stay all night at the cabin on the island. * * We

ate supper, and while two of us got things ready for the night, the

90 THE NAUTILUS.

rest went out on the breakwater to admire the scene. The high tide

by moonlight was exquisitely beautiful.

At three o’clock, after having breakfasted, we started out to col-

lect while the moon was still shining brightly on the water. The

tide was so low it seemed to me we could have walked over to San

Pedro. Mrs. O. and I lingered back of the other collectors, and

soon she picked upa Ranella californica Hds.,a fine specimen which

now has a corner in my cabinet. How I did wish I could find one,

I poked around with my trowel and suddenly I struck a lump; pick-

ing it up, it proved to be a perfect specimen of Pleurotoma carpen-

teriana Gabb, four and a quarter inches long. As I was afterward

told, the only live one found inthe bay. After returning to the

cabin we put it in water, and when disturbed it exuded a purple

fluid.

We walked to Dead Man’s Island and found a number of Acton

punctocelatus Cpr. in the pools, Marginella Jewettii Cpr., Phasia-

nella compta Gld. clinging to the sea grass on the rocks ; plenty of

Fissurella voleano, Chlorostoma aureotinctum and Littorina planaxis

all along the breakwater. On our way back to the cabin we col-

lected Haminea virescens Sby., Bulla nebulosa Gld., Conus califor-

nicus Hds. and Nassa tegula Rve. We also brought home a good

many Chione, from which we made delicious soup.

In July we went to Alamitos Bay, five miles from Long Beach ;

it was another fine iow tide. This timeseven of us went in a wagon

at four o’clock in the morning. We found Crucibulum spinosum

Sby. on oyster shells, Cerithidia californica and Melampus olivaceus

crawling up the grass stalks near the edge of the water, Gidalia

subdiaphana, Angulus variegatus, Liocardium substriatum and Donax

flecuosus living as it seemed in harmony together, also Amiantis cal-

losa Conr., Tapes staminea Conr., Olivella betica Cpr., and many

other shells.

NOTES AND NEWS.

MouuuscAN FauNA oF FRESHWATER LAKES IN CENTRAL

CrLepes.—Herrn P. and F. Sarasin direct attention to the re-

markable molluses which live in the large and deep inland lakes of

Celebes. The forms they were able to capture point to the existence

of a fauna perhaps as interesting as that of the Lake of Baikal.

THE NAUTILUS. 91

The authors begin with the new Gasteropod Miratesta celebensis,

for the reception of which it seems necessary to establish not only a

new genus, but a new family (Miratestide). The structure, which

is briefly described, shows a combination of characters distinctive of

various families. The animal is nearest the freshwater Pulmonates,

especially the Limnzeide, as is suggested by the Planorbis-like

structure of the radula, the nervous system without chiastoneury,

the hermaphroditism, and the absence of an operculum. But any

very close affinity is impossible, as is shown by the large gills, the

very peculiar pouched feelers, and the structure of the shell. Dis-

tant relations may, perhaps, be found in the so-called Thalassophilze

(Amphibola and Siphonaria). In any ease, the family is phylo-

genetically old, near the base of the freshwater Pulmonates.

Bulletin 142 U.S. Geol. Survey, 1896, contains a valuable paper

upon the geology and paleontology of northwestern Louisiana by

T. Wayland Vaughan. A number of new mollusks from Lower

Claiborne and Jackson stages of the Eocene are described and fig-

ured.

Mr. Charles Schuchert has given a very useful “Synopsis of

American Fossil Brachiopoda, including Bibliography and Syn-

onymy ” in Bull. No. 87, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1897. The geological

distribution, terminology, biological development and classification

are discussed, and a valuable chapter contributed by Prof. Charles

E. Beecher treats of the morphology of the brachia, a subject which

in Beecher’s hands has assumed great importance as an index of

phylogeny and rank.

Mr. Félix Bernard has given a very thorough account of the

anatomy of Chlamydoconcha Oreuttt Dall, in Annales Sciences

Naturelles (zool.), iv, 1896, pp. 221-252, with 2 plates.

A NEW PLICATE UNIO.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

Unio Walkeri sp. noy.

Shell solid, ovate, inflated at the umbos, rough, plicate-nodulose

on posterior slope and indistinctly so anterior to the umbonal ridge;

gradually fading out near the centre of the disk. Umbonal ridge

uniformly rounded below and sharply angulate above. Epidermis

nearly black; transmitted light showing a light-colored texture.

Very faintly marked anterior to the umbonal angle with broad,

widely separated, interrupted rays. Posterior margin bluntly

rounded or somewhat disposed to biangulation, uniformly rounded

before, dorsum arcuate, base nearly straight or emarginate, cavity

uniform, moderate and scarcely extending under the dorsal plate.

Teeth solid, single in the right and double in the left valve. Ante-

rior cicatrices barely distinct. Thinner behind, showing the plica-

92 THE NAUTILUS.

tions through. Naere livid or bright pink. Width 2 in. length 1

in. diam. 2 in.

Habitat: Suwannee River, Madison Co., Florida.

Remarks: A large series of this peculiar shell shows considerable

variation in strength of, and area covered by the plications, sharp-

ness of the umbonal ridge and color of nacre. It cannot, however,

be mistaken for any other species. Its natural place is between

Unio subtentus Say and Unio penicillatus Lea. We name it in

honor of our esteemed conchologist Mr. Bryant Walker of Detroit,

Mich.

POLYGYRA FERRISSI n. sp.

BY H. As PRESBRY.

Shell resembling Polygyra dentifera Binn. in size and general

form. Imperforate, thin, glossy, last two whorls of a very bright

chestnut color, becoming light green on the earlier whorls. Spire

very low, convex. Whorls 43, all rather convex, the first minutely

rugose, granulate, following whorls of the spire slowly widening

arcuately striate and sparsely granulate, the granules oblong,

generally upon the striz; last whorls rapidly widening, a trifte

constricted behind the peristome, very little descending in front,

sculptured with fine, rather low striz of growth and very fine, sub-

obsolete close spiral impressed lines; base very little impressed at

the center. Sutures well impressed throughout. Aperture oblique,

wide-erescentic ; peristome white, shading through pink to a broad

purple band at the margin, very broad and flatly reflexed, appressed

over and closing the umbilicus; parietal wall with a transparent

film between the lips, and bearing a small oblique tooth nearer to

the termination of the outer than to that of the basal lip.

Alt. 13, greatest diam. 21:5, least 18 mm.

Alt. 11, greatest diam. 20, least 16°5 mm.

Klingman’s Dome and Mirey Ridge, Great Smoky Mountains

(between Tenn. and N. C.).

Mr. Jas. H. Ferris found this very beautiful Helix during his

summer journey in the Great Smoky range this year, with the

banded form of Polygyra Andrewse, a very dark, unicolored form

of the same, P. Clarkii of extraordinary size, and other interesting

snails.

P. Ferrissi is intermediate between several very distinct Helices. .

It has the convex green and granulate inner whorls of P. sub-

palliata Pils., the fragile substance and flat, wide lip of P. dentifera

Binn., and the sculpture of the last whorl somewhat like P. appressa

perigrapta Pils.

The combination of these characters, together with the deep, rich

reddish chestnut color of the body-whorl, emphatically negative a

reference of the specimens to any of these species. The half-grown

shell, 14 mm. diam., has an umbilicus 1 mm. wide and is very

obsoletely angular at the periphery.

THE NAUTILUS. 93

- 96. PotyGyRA RUGELI (Shuttl.). Wythe Co., Va., south to

Columbus, Ga., and west to Clinton, Ark.

97. PoLyGYRA INFLECTA (Say). Pennsylvania west of the Al-

legheny Mts., west to Illinois, south to Sea Islands of Georgia, Ala-

bama, Mississippi and Indian Territory.

98. PoLyGyRA EDENTATA (Sampson). Boston Mts., Washington

and Crawford Counties, Arkansas (T'riodopsis edentula W. G. Bin-

ney is the same).

a 2

99. Pony@yRa DeEvia (Gld.). Vancouver Is. and Puget Sound

region south to 46° N. Lat.

99a. PoLYGYRA DEVIA HEMPHILLI (W.G.B.). Kingston and

Old Mission, Idaho; Spokane, Wash. (synonyms are Helix binomi-

nata Tryon, H. mullani var. olneye Pilsbry).

99b. PoLyGYRA DEVIA MULLANI (Bld. & Coop.). Near Coeur

d’Aléne Mission, Coeur d’Aléne Mts., Idaho; west side of Bitter

Root Mts., Wash.

99c. PoLYGYRA DEVIA HARFORDIANA (W.G. B.). Salmon

River, Idaho (. salmonensis Tryon and H. commutanda Ancey are

synonyms).

99d. PoLYGYRA DEVIA CLAPPI (Hemph.). Salmon River, Idaho.

99e. PoLYGYRA DEVIA BLANDI (Hemph.). Salmon River, and

Post Falls, Idaho.

99f. PoLyGYRA DEVIA OREGONENSIS (Hemph.). Eastern Ore-

gon.

100. PoLya@yra sANBURNI (W.G.B.). Kingston and Old Mis-

sion, Idaho.

101. PoLyGyRA COLUMBIANA (Lea). Sitka to Santa Cruz, Cal.

101la. PoLyGyRA COLUMBIANA LABIOSA (Gld.). Coeur d’Aléne

Mts., Idaho; Deer Lodge Valley, Montana.

102. Beas ARMIGERA (Ancey). San Francisco, Cal.,

Vernon, ‘B.C:

103. PoLyeyra ROPERI Pilsbry. Redding, Shasta Co., Califor-

nia.

104. Potyeyra Loricata (Gld.). Eldorado to ierenid Co. west

to Sonoma Co.

* * *

105. PoLyGyRA PROFUNDA (Say). Western New York to Min-

nesota and Wyandotte Co., Kansas, south to Lee Co., Va., and

Vicksburg, Miss. ; not east of the Allegheny Mts. in Pennsylvania

and Maryland.

94 THE NAUTILUS.

106, PoLyGyra sAym (Binn.) Quebec, Ont., northern Maine

and Mich., south to Great Smoky Mts., N.C.

106a. PoLYGYRA SAYII CHILHOWEENSIS (Lewis). Mountains of

east Tennessee and western North Carolina.

107. PoLyGyRaA KIOWAENSIS (Simpson). Kiowa Station, Lime-

stone Gap and near Eufaula, Indian Territory.

107a. PoLYGyRA KIOWAENSIS ARKANSAENSIS Pils., near Hot

Springs, Ark,

108. PoLyGyRA TOWNSENDIANA (Lea). Del Norte Co., Cal., to

Seattle, Wash.

108a. PoLYGYRA TOWNSENDIANA PTYCHOPHORA (Brown). Deer

Lodge, Montana, west through northern Idaho to Spokane, Wash.,

and in northern Oregon west to the Dalles. There is a color form,

castanea Hemph.

k * *

109. PoLyGyRA ALBOLABRIS (Say). Canada to Kansas, Arkan-

sas and Georgia. The form dentata Walker occurs in Michigan,

etc.

109a. POLYGYRA ALBOLABRIS ALLENI Wetherby. Arkansas.

109b. PoLyGyRA ALBOLABRIS MARITIMA Pils. New Jersey

shore. Var. traversensis Leach ms. from Michigan is scarcely dis-

tinguishable.

109c. PoLyGyRA ALBOLABRIS MAJOR (Binn.) Northern Ala-

bama and eastern Tennessee to North Carolina and Macon, Ga.

110. PoLyGyra EXxoLETA (Binn.). Western New York and

Pennsylvania to Illinois and Missouri, south to Virginia, Georgia

and Alabama.

111. PotyayRA MULTILINEATA (Say). Western New York to

Minnesota and Iowa; Wyandotte, Ks.

112. Potyeyra pivesta (Gld.). Vernon Co., Miss., to Indian

Terr. ; Louisiana, Arkansas and Barry, Jasper and Dade Counties,

Mo.

113. PotyeyraA ROEMERI (Pfr.). Central Texas, Fort Worth to

Bexar Co.

114. Potyeyra werHerByr (Bld.) Whitly and Pulaski Co.,

Ky., and Roane County, Tenn.

115. PoLyGyRA DENTIFERA (Binn.). Province of Quebec, Can-

ada, southwest to Swaim Co., N.C.

116. Potyeyra Ferriss Pilsbry. Mirey Ridge and Klingman’s

Dome, Great Smoky Mts.

THE NAUTILUS. 95

117. Potyeyra suBPALLIATA Pils. Roan Mt. region to Cran-

berry, N.C.

118, PotyGyra PALLIATA (Say). Ontario to Michigan, south to

Georgia and Louisiana.

119. PotyGyRra osstricra (Say). Ohio and Indiana south to

northwestern Georgia and Batesville, Ark.

119a. PoLYGYRA OBSTRICTA CAROLINENSIS (Lea). South Caro-

lina; northern Alabama, and adjacent parts of Tennessee and

Georgia.

119b. PoLyGyRA SARGENTIANA (Johnson & Pilsbry). Near

Woodville, Alabama. Helix sargenti J. & P., not Bld., is a syno-

nym.

119c. PoLyGyrRA APPRESSA (Say). Western Pennsylvania and

Scott Co., Virginia, west through Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Mis-

souri, south to Arkansas and Kentucky.

119d. PoLyuwyRA APPRESSA PERIGRAPTA Pils. Tennessee and

adjacent parts of bounding States N., E. and 8.

x * *

120. PotyeyrRA ELEVATA (Say). Western New York to Wis-

consin, south to northwestern Georgia and Missouri; Wyandotte,

Kansas. The form with a brown band has been called f. cincta

Taylor. Chattanooga and Knoxville, Tennessee.

121. Potyeyra cLarkit (Lea). Cherokee and Clay Counties,

N.C., E. Tennessee, N. W. Georgia.

122. PoLYGYRA PENNSYLVANICA (Green), Western Pennsylva-

nia to Illinois, S. to Monroe Co., Virginia, and Tennessee.

*K * *

123. PoLtyeyraA ANDREWS (W. G. Binn.). Roan and Great

Smoky Mts., Tenn., Habersham Co., N.-E. Ga., and Bibb Co.,

Central Ga. |

124. PoLyGyRA THYROIDES (Say). Canada to Minnesota, south

to St. Simons I., Ga., and Texas.

124a. PoLyGyRA THYROIDES PULCHELLA Ckll. Toronto, Can-

ada.

124b. PotyeyRA THYROIDES BUCCULENTA (Gld.). Louisiana

and Texas. Hardly recognizable as a variety.

125. PotyaGyra cLausa (Say). Western Pennsylvania to

Minnesota, south to Wyandotte, Kansas, Jackson Co. Ala., and

Sea Islands of Georgia.

126. PoLyGyRA WHEATLEY! (Bld.). Mountains of western N,

C.; Habersham Co., Ga.

96 THE NAUTILUS.

127. PoLyGyra curisty! (Bld.). Mountains of Cherokee, Swain

and Rutherford Counties, N. C.

128. PoLYGYRA MITCHELLIANA (Lea). Western Pennsylvania,

Ohio and Kentucky, Monroe Co., Va., and Cherokee Co., N. C.

129. Potyeyra DownIEANA (Bld.). Whitley Co., Ky.; eastern

half of Tennessee.

130. Poryeyra LAW (Lewis). Hayesville, Clay Co., N. C.;

Monroe Co., Tenn.; Houston, Hall and Habersham Counties, Ga.

130a, PoLyGyRA LAW TALLULAHENSIS Pils. Tallulah Falls,

Georgia.

131. PoLyGyRA MOBILIANA (Lea). Mississippi to Baldwin,

Florida, along the Gulf. .

132. PoLtyayra JEJUNA (Say). Savannah, Ga., S. to Indian

River and No Name Key; west to Pensacola, Florida.

Section Stenotrema Rafinesque.

133. PoLtyeyra sprnosA (Lea). Eastern Tennessee, N. Ala-

bama, and northwest Georgia.

134. Potyayra LABRosA (Bld.). Northern Alabama, Arkan-

sas, southern Missouri.

135. PoLyGyRA EDGARIANA (Lea). Mountains of Tennessee

and Alabama.

136. PoLtyayRA EDWARDsI (Bld.). Fayette or (Greenbrier

County, W. Va., Laurel, Whitley and Pulaski Connties, Ky.

137. PoLyGyRA BARBIGERA (Redf.). Habersham and Hall

Counties, Ga. ; Cherokee Co., N. C., also Alabama.

138. PoLyGyRA STENOTREMA (Fér.). Henry Co., Ill. to Vir-

ginia, south to Georgia, southwest to Indian Territory.

138a. PoLyGyRA STENOTREMA SUBGLOBOSA Pils. Woodville,

Alabama.

138b. PoLyGYRA STENOTREMA DEPILATA Pils. Thunderhead

Mt.; near Nashville, Bellevue and Johnson City, Tenn.

189. PotyayrRA HIRsuTA (Say). Canada to Minnesota, south to

Wyandotte, Kansas, and Jackson Co., Ala. (also reported from near

Guaymas, northwestern Mexico).

139a. PoLyGyRA HIRSUTA ALTISPIRA Pils. Magnetic City,

Roan Mountain, and Black Mountains, N. C.

140. PotyGyraA MAXILLATA (Gld.). Mountains of Tennessee,

Alabama and Georgia (near Columbus).

141. PonyGyra MoNODON (Rack). Canada to Minnesota, south

to North Carolina and San Antonio, Texas.

(To be continued.)

Ame N Serivus.

Vor. XI. JANUARY, 1898. No. 9,

SOME NEW EOCENE FOSSILS FROM ALABAMA.

BY T. H. ALDRICH.

Anomia navicelloides n. sp.

Shell thin, pearly, with lines of growth on the outer surface ot

the superior valve, very nacreous and shining within, the upper

valve having a distinct beak, not marginal. Surface bearing traces

of broad radial color bands; interior showing three cicatrices, the

larger one with semicircular lines and fine striations crossing them.

Breadth of superior valve 15 mm., width 23 mm.

Locality—Near Choctaw Corner, Ala., Wood’s Bluff horizon.

Has very much the appearance of a Navicella, which has suggested

the name. Only the upper valve so far discovered.

Odontostomia matthewsensis n. sp.

Shell small, medium thickness, smooth, whorl six, spire rather

blunt, suture impressed ; aperture rather narrow, with one strong

fold on the columella, also partly reflected and rather pointed at

base.

Length 33 mm., width 1 mm.

Locality—Matthews Landing, Alabama.

Cancellaria annosa n. sp.

Shell small, spire obtuse, whorls four, shouldered, strongly can-

cellated, nodular at junction of lines, the revolving line below the

suture more strongly nodular than the others; outer lip expanded,

nodular within; columella with two folds.

Height 23 mm., breadth 1+ mm.

—™)

98 THE NAUTILUS.

Locality.x—Matthews Landing, Alabama Rv., Alabama. While

the type specimen is a young shell, yet the characters are very dis-

tinct from any other species known.

Cancellaria graciloides n. sp.

Shell broadly fusiform, spire elevated, whorls 6-7, rounded,

slightly shouldered, cancellated, first three smooth, on the others

the revolving lines are numerous, strongly defined ; lines of growth

smaller and much finer than the revolving lines, suture deeply im-

pressed, outer lip expanded, strongly nodular within, columella with

three folds, aperture pointed and canaliculate at base.

Height 12 mm., width 7 mm.

Locality —Gregg’s Landing, Alabama Rvy., Alabama.

Cancellaria graciloides var. bella n. var,

Characterized by strong, rounded varices, as many as three on

the body whorl. Shell is smaller than the type.

Height 10 mm., width 6 mm.

Locality.—-Gregg’s Landing, Alabama Rv., Ala.

A PROPOSED CENSUS OF MICHIGAN MOLLUSCA.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

At the Annual Meeting of the Michigan Academy of Science in

December, 1895, a suggestion was made that the conchologists of

the State should form a “Section of Conchology” for the purpose

of united work in that department.

A circular of inquiry elicited such favorable responses, that in the

spring of the following year a temporary organization was effected

with a membership of fourteen as noticed in the Nauriius for

April, 1896. At the present time the membership includes every

active collector in the State so far as known. Practical work being

the object of the Section, it was decided, asa preliminary step to the

complete knowledge of the fauna of the State, to undertake the com-

pilation of all the known localities for every species known, or sup-

posed to belong to it. A form of blank was prepared for distribu-

tion upon which the individual reports should be made, and another

upon which these reports should be tabulated. A special map of

the State has also been printed showing the principal river and

lake systems upon which it is proposed to spread these tabulated

THE NAUTILUS. 99

results, and thus form a permanent record, which should show ata

glance all that was known of the distribution of every species belong-

ing to the State. These maps it was believed would be of value in

studying the various questions which might arise in regard to the

present distribution of the fauna and the means by which it has

been brought about. Up to the present time there have been filed

twelve reports, which include all the private collections of the State

and nearly all the public museums. The collection of the Univer-

sity of Michigan is now being worked over and arranged by Mr. H.

E. Sargent, and the report from the Kent Scientific Institute of

Grand Rapids is expected during the coming winter. As soon as

these are received, the Section will be in possession of all existing

data to be obtained from State sources in regard to the extent and

distribution of the molluscan fauna.

These reports aggregate more than 4,500 entries, and include

nearly every species that has ever been quoted from Michigan.

It is proposed also that every member of the Section shall

annually file a supplemental report containing such additional in-

formation as he can supply. In this way it is expected that the

records of the Section will be continually kept up to date, and at all

times afford the collectors of the State and others interested in the

subject, not only a correct statement of what is actually known of

the State fauna, but also indicate in what sections of the State field

work should be done and what species require further investigation.

The value of this work has already been demonstrated by a series

of charts which have recently been completed showing the distribu-

tion of the Unionide. Some of theresultsdeduced from them were

quite unexpected, and are believed to be of great value in deter-

mining the manner in which geological and geographical factors

have influenced the present range of many of the species. This will

be made the subject of a special report to the Academy at its An-

nual Meeting.

It has been suggested that there are undoubiedly in the cabinets

of many of the readers of the Naurizus interesting material from

Michigan, a record of which would be a valuable addition to the

data now in the possession of the Section. In all probability a large

amount of collecting has been done in the State at one time or

another by those who were not residents, and whose collections are

not represented in any of the reports thus far received. It is very

desirable that every possible source of information should be made

100 THE NAUTILUS.

available for the work in progress, and the members of the Section

will be very grateful for any assistance they may receive from their

brethren of other States.

In behalf of the Section of Conchology, I would therefore earn-

estly request that all collectors, who have any Michigan shells in

their collections, would furnish a list of the species and localities,

which may be filed for permanent record. Blanks will be gladly

furnished for that purpose to any one who will address the writer

at 18 Moffat Building, Detroit, Michigan.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF VITREA FROM MARYLAND.

BY WM. H. DALL.

The land shell fauna of the north-eastern U. S. has been so

thoroughly searched, and by so many collectors, that we do not ex-

pect the addition to it of good and valid new species, unless among

the minuter forms like Vallonia. However, as if to prove that

hope may spring eternal in the conchological breast, a new species

with undoubtedly distinct characteristics has come to hand from

Maryland.

Vitrea Raderi n. sp.

Shell depressed, four-whorled, smooth except for faint rather reg-

ularly spaced incremental lines above, of a pale waxen whitish

color; spire hardly raised above the last whorl, which is much the

largest; periphery evenly rounded, suture appressed, base moder-

ately rounded, the umbilical slope of the last whorl somewhat flat-

tish ; umbilicus very wide, exhibiting all the volutions; aperture

wider than high, the upper margin slightly in advance of the lower

lip, the two connected by a thin wash of callus over the body. Alt.

1:5, max. diam. 4-0, min. diam. 3°0 mm.

Received from Prof. Howard Shriver, as collected at Cumber-

land, Md., in the summer of 1897 ; a single specimen.

The nearest relative of this species is Zonites wheatleyi Bland,

which is a larger shell with higher spire, more rounded whorls and

a much smaller and more steep sided umbilicus. It may be men-

tioned that the figure of Vitrea wheatleyi in Binney, Bull. 28, U.S.

Nat. Mus., is inaccurate in representing the umbilicus as wider than

it really is in that species. The large form of Z. wheatleyi referred

THE NAUTILUS. 101

to by Binney (p. 222) as collected by Hemphill at Clingman’s

Peak, North Carolina, is doubtfully identical with Bland’s type,

and should take the varietal name of V. clingmani, which may

eventually prove of specific rank.

The present species is named in honor of Mr. Rader, an interested

student of the land shells of Cumberland, at the request of Prof.

Shriver. The type is in the National Museum.

A NEW UNDULATE UNIO FROM ALABAMA.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

Unio triumphans sp. noy.

Shell sub-triangular, with an elevated wing which is connate at

its point, coarsely and interruptedly undulate over the entire disk,

except on the extreme anterior and superior parts where pustula-

tions and literations replace them. Disk gradually and uniformly

flattened out to the margins from the highest point near its centre:

the indistinct umbonal ridge dividing the disk area into two nearly

equal parts. Substance of the shell moderately thick ; thicker be-

fore. Epidermis dead black. Greatest diameter in the center of

the shell. Dorsal notch very long and deep. Cavity of the beaks

deep. Posterior cicatrices confluent; anterior ones distinct. Lat-

eral teeth short and distant from the cardinals which are depressed.

Nacre dull white in front and a bright coppery tinge behind, and

very iridescent. Width 4 inches, length 5 inches, diameter 2

inches.

Habitat, Coosa River, St. Clair Co., Alabama.

Type in National Museum.

Remarks: For several years we have had old specimens of this

shejl and could not place them satisfactorily with any known form.

In a recent collection of one thousand shells from this vicinity we

found twenty specimens of all ages which at once made its novelty

appparent.

The natural place we assign the species is between U. boykinianus

Lea and U. multiplicatus Lea, and it also possesses characters of U.

undulatus Barnes. Compared with the first, our shell is more

winged and therefore more triangular in outline; the ridges are

fewer, not so prominent and more broken, like Unio undulatus

102 THE NAUTILUS.

Barnes, and the umbonal ridge is not as well defined; the laterals

are shorter and the shell is more transverse; the undulations cross

the umbonal elevation instead of running parallel with it and the

beaks are less prominent. Compared with U. mu/tiplicatus Lea our

shell is subtriangular in outline instead of trapezoidal, always more

winged and shorter, and the laterals are also shorter; the pos-

terior slope is more gradual and the umbones are not flattened, and

are more depressed than in that species, the highest point being

nearly in the centre of the disk where there is quite a prominence ;

the cardinals are more.depressed and the pustulations extend more

generally over the anterior portion.

In old specimens the sculpture diminishes almost to smoothness

except in the superior parts, the umbonai elevation becomes obsolete

and the shell is more elongated. Twenty specimens of all ages

have been compared with specimens of corresponding ages of all the

allied species, and comparisons with the type forms in the National

Museum have been made through the kindness of Mr. Charles T.

Simpson.

MODIOLA PLICATULA LAMARCK—AN EXTINCT LOCALITY.

BY R. E.C.S8

Fifty years ago, more or less, that part of the city of Boston

which includes the Public Garden and the grand array of fine

avenues and streets that reach out east and west, north and south,

and form what is locally known as the Back-Bay Section, was a

portion of a larger territory, some six hundred acres, of wet and dry

marsh and mud flats, that extended from Charles Street at the foot

of “Boston Common,” to Roxbury. A considerable portion of

this region was inhabited by a peacefully disposed and quiet com-

munity. In numbers this community, certainly if counted, would

have made a bigger showing than the census of human bipeds that

constituted the population of Boston at that time. Though numer-

ous, they were not influential and had no social status among the

best people of “ Modern Athens.”

This may have been owing to the fact that their ancestors did not

come over in the Mayflower, or later with Winthrop and Salton-

stall. No, they were here, or their forefathers were, long before the

advent of the “ Pilgrim Fathers ;” they had an older claim, prior-

THE NAUTILUS. 103

ity of settlement and occupancy, than any white man. ‘Their title

was aboriginal, and they were and had been, from time immemorial,

permanent residents “ to the manner born.” Whether their lack of

social position was due to the fact that they did not recognize the

merits of “ baked beans and brown bread,” “ cod-fish balls” and

“ »yumpkin pie,” etc., as gastronomic delicacies, or were unable tosing

“ pennyroyal hymns” through their noses—having no noses to sing

through—can only be surmised, as they were not given to gossip or

backbiting, but always maintained a discreet and dignified silence.

While they were the only permanent residents, they often had tran-

sient visitors. Various salt-water birds frequented the region at

certain times in the year. Yellow-legs, doe birds, curlew, teal duck

and other species were pretty certain to make a short visit when-

ever a “northeaster”” was brewing.

The locality now known as Copley Square, with its impressive

buildings, Trinity Church, the Art Museum and the new “Old

South,” was good hunting ground in those days. Most people, in-

eluding many credulous or unsophisticated Bostonians, honestly

regard these church edifices as erected for religious purposes, and

think, too, that the “ Museum of Fine Arts,” of which they are very

proud, is intended to foster and encourage the work of painters and

sculptors. No one will deny such persons the right of opinion, even

if it does rest upon a hallucination ; on the other hand a fellow may

be pardoned who sees in these “ places of worship” simply funeral

monuments sacred to the memory of the thousands of harmless

mollusks, Modiola plicatula, that were buried alive in a so-called

Christian city in the nineteenth century, with no one to say a word

in their behalf. Andthe Art Building! What of that? It may

be regarded as commemorative of the fact that the spot whereon it

stands was good hunting ground in days long since gone by, and

that hereabout my father (of blessed memory) and myself often-

times successfully pursued ornithology for gastronomic purposes.

In course of time, it is highly probable, suitable tablets will be

placed in front of the principal buildings bearing the following in-

scription :—

“The region hereabout was formerly inhabited by a branch of

the great aboriginal family Moprota. The members of the local

tribe, PLicaruLa, were peaceful in their lives, simple in their

habits, never told lies, never talked back to old people, and met

their fate without a murmur.

“Keep their memory green.”

104 THE NAUTILUS.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz Associa-

tion by its General Secretary, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson. ]

As the annual election of officers for 1898 is not held until the

last Wednesday in December, the results of the election will not be

published this month. Next month the newly-elected General

Secretary will have charge of this department.

RECORD OF A LOST YEAR.

{Extract from the report of Mrs. M. T. B. From the Transactions of the Isaac Lea

Chapter for 1896].

This year I have found no shells new to my collection, but have

learned more about some of the old ones. Conus californieus, which

I found at Newport, Cal., last year in the mud bottom of the bay, I

find among the rocks, clinging to the sea weeds. These last are

bright and shining, while those from the bay have an epidermis.

A learned friend, to whom I refer all my difficulties, thinks the

epidermis is worn off by the action of the water and rocks. But I

found them in a deep cut in the rocks, where the high tide covered

and the low tide left them—a very sheltered place. We are not

credited with two species on our California coast, yet I find two

which differ in color and size—one is brown, mottled with lighter

spots, the other is plain, paler in color, and reaches double the size

of the spotted one. The operculum of Conus is the merest excuse,

just a thread, and not half the length of the aperture.

Under the same rocks I found Leptothyra, with rough, limy sur-

face, but with such exquisite operculi, shelly white, with a spiral

line in brown. And then there were the pretty little Corbula lute-

ola and Carditamera subquadrata, the last place I should have

looked for bivalves.

I have become interested somewhat in sea-slugs, and have tried

to make water-color drawings of some of them, as I know of no

way to preserve them without destroying their color.

Two rare shells have come under my observation during the year,

both from Newport, and both were Trophons. Pecten hastatus,

which is called a northern species, is occasionally found here also,

and, though I have seen but few of the northern shells, those Lhave

seen are not nearly so brilliant as those from Newport Beach.

THE NAUTILUS. 105

141a. PoLyGYRA MONODON FRATERNA (Say). Pennsylvania to

‘Texas.

141b. Potye@yrRA MonNoDOoN aLici# Pils. Calcasieu Parish, S.-

W. Louisiana.

141c. Potyeyra MONODON crncTA Lewis. Hayesville, N. C.

142. Potyeyra LEAT (Ward). Ohio and Michigan to Minne-

sota, south to Nashville, Tennessee, and Neosho Co., Kansas.

143. PoLyGyRA GERMANA (Gld.). Astoria, Oregon, to Van-

couver Island.

Genus POLYGYRELLA Binney, 1863.

144. PoLYGYRELLA POLYGYRELLA (Bld. & Coop.). Coeur

d’Aléne Mts., Idaho. A variety montanensis Ancey is described

from Deer Lodge Valley, Montana.

145. PoLyGyRELLA HARFORDIANA (Coop.). Fresno Co., Cali-

fornia, in the “ Big Tree” District, 6500 feet above the sea.

Subgenus Ammonitella Cooper, 1869.

146. PotyG@yRELLA YATEsI (Coop.). Calaveras Co., California,

at Murphy’s and Cave City.

Subfamily Sagdine (vel Teleophallogona).'

Genus THYSANOPHORA Strebel & Pfeffer, 1880.

147. THysANOPHORA INCRUSTATA (Poey). Corpus Christi, Gal-

veston and Hidalgo, Texas. Also Cuba.

148. THysANOPHORA HORNII (Gabb). Fort Grant, Arizona;

summit of Hachita Grande Mt., Grant Co., New Mexico; also

Yaqui River, Mexico.

149. THysaANOPHORA VORTEX (Pfr.). Marco, near Cape Sable,

and Key West, Florida. Also Bermuda and West Indies.

150. THysANOPHORA INGERSOLLI (Bld.). Colorado, at high

altitudes: San Juan, Custer and Mesa Counties; Fly Park, Arizona.

150a. THYSANOPHORA INGERSOLLI CONVEXIOR (Ancey). Logan

Canyon, Utah; Weston, eastern Oregon.

151. THysANOPHORA PLAGIOPTYCHA GRANUM (Streb.). Archer,

Alachua Co., Evans’ plantation, Rogers River, and vicinity of

Lake Worth, Florida. Also eastern Mexico and Yucatan, and

typical plagioptycha from Porto Rico.

1 This subfamily should have preceded the Polygyrinz.

106 THE NAUTILUS.

152. THysANOPHORA DIOSCORICOLA CCA (Guppy). Lake

Worth to St. Augustine in eastern, and near Hillsborough River in

western Florida; Hidalgo, Texas. Also Trinidad, and typical

dioscoricola from Jamaica.

Family BULIMULIDA.

Genus BULIMULUS Leach, 1815.

Subgenus Orthotomium Crosse & Fischer.

153. BuULIMULUS DEALBATUS (Say). Southern North Carolina,

west to Kentucky, Central Missouri and Kansas; south to Ala-

bama and the Rio Grande.

153a. BULIMULUS DEALBATUS RAGSDALEI Pils. Texas: Cook

and Montague Co. on the Red River, and at Comstock, ete., on the

Rio Grande.

155b. BULIMULUS DEALBATUS MOOREANUS (Pfr.). Texas ; mainly

from Fort Worth to De Witt and Uvalde Counties. [This is the

shell generally known as“ B. schiedeanus” in American collections].

153c. BULIMULUS DEALBATUS SCHIEDEANUS (Pfr.). Western

Texas; mainly Mexican, Texas specimens being still rare in col-

lections.

154. BuLIMULUS ALTERNATUS MARI® (Alb.). Texas: two or

three tiers of counties north of the Rio Grande, from Corpus Christi

to Frio and Valverde Counties. The typical alternatus has not yet

been found north of the Rio Grande.

Genus DRYMEUS Albers, 1850.

155. DryMaus SERPERASTRUM (Say). A Mexican species, said

to occur also north of the Rio Grande in Texas.

156. Drymxus porMANI (W.G. Binn.). St. Johns River Val-

ley and east coast; also West Florida, south to Caloosahatchee

River.

156a. DRYMaUS DORMANI ALBIDA Wright. Eastern Fla.

157. DRYM&Us MARIELINUS (Poey). 8S. Florida; Upper Mata-

cumba Key, N. to Micco on the east coast.

158. Drymxus FLORIDANUs (Pfr.). Florida.

159. DryMxus HEMPHILLI (Wright). East Florida, between

Mosquito Lagoon and the Atlantic; Lake Helen, Volusia Co.

THE NAUTILUS. 107

Section Mesembrinus Albers.

160. DryM#us MULTILINEATUS (Say). Key West, Bahia Hon-

da Key and Lower Matacumba Key, and north to Marco on the

west coast of Florida; also Venezuela.

Genus ORTHALICUS Beck, 1837.

161. OrTHALICUS UNDATUs (Brug.). Key West to the neigh-

borhood of Bay Biscayne, Florida; also West Indies, Jamaica, ete.

162. ORTHALICUS MELANOCHEILUS FLORIDENSIS Pils. Florida,

near Cape Sable; Pavilion Key.

Genus LIGUUS Montfort, 1810.

163. Licguus Fascrarus (Miiller). Southern Florida; Key

West, Lignum Vite and Grassy Keys, to Key Biscayne ; on the

Gulf Coast from Cape Sable to Goodland Point, near Marco. There

are numerous color varieties.

Family UROCOPTIDZ Pilsbry.

Genus UROCOPTIS Beck, 1837.

Section Cochlodinella Pils. & Van., 1898.

164. Urocoptis poryANA (Orb.). Key West and adjacent keys;

Miami Country, Florida.

165. Urocopris JeEJUNA (Gld.). Near mouth of Miami River,

Florida.

Genus MACROCERAMUS Guilding, 1828.

Section Microceramus Pils. & Van., 1898.

166. MacrocERAMUS PoNTIFICUS (Gld.). Key West to Key

Biscayne, and northward to Tampa, Florida.

167. MacroceRAMus FLORIDANUS Pilsbry. Sarasota Bay and

Goodland Pt., Florida (= M. Gossei of authors part, not of Pfr.).

168. MacroceraMus TEXANUS Pilsbry. New Braunfels, Texas

(= M. gossei auct. part, not of Pfr.).

Genus HOLOSPIRA Von Martens, 1860.

Section Holospira s. s.

169. Hotosprra GoLprusst (Mke.). Texas, on the Blanco and

at New Braunfels, Comal Co.

108 THE NAUTILUS.

Section Haplostemma Dall.

170. HoLosprra MEARNSII Dall. Top of Hachita Grande Mt.,

Grant Co., New Mexico.

171. HotosprrRA HAMILTONI Dall. Rio Grande Mts., Brewster

Co., Texas, 3,500 ft. elevation.

172. HoLospIRA COCKERELLI Dall. Débris of Rio Grande

River at Mesilla, New Mexico.

Section Eudistemma Dall.

173. HoLosprrRA ARIZONENSIS Stearns. Dos Cabezas, Arizona.

Section Distomospira Dall.

174. HoLosprraA BILAMELLATA Dall. Hachita Grande Mt.,

New Mexico.

Subgenus Metastoma Strebel & Pfeffer,

175. HoLosprrA ROEMERI (Pfr.). New Braunfels, Comal Co.,

Texas.

176. Hotosprra crossEI Dall. Top of Hachita Grande Mt.,

Grant Co., New Mexico.

177. Horosprra pasonts Dall. Mule Canyon, El Paso Co.,

Texas, 4,000 ft. alt.

178. HoLosprra PILsBRYI Dall. Arizona or New Mexico, ex-

act locality unknown. State of Puebla, Mexico.

Genus CERION (Bolt.) Moreh, 1852.

179. Certon 1ncANuM (Binn.). Florida Keys and mainland at

Cape Florida. (A specimen of the Cuban C. mumiola has been

found at Tortugas, but probably it was accidentally imported in

some manner. No indigenous land shells are known from the

Tortugas.)

Family PUPIDZ.

Genus STROBILOPS Pilsbry, 1892.

(=Strobila Morse, 1864, not of Sars, 1835, Acalepha, nor of

Sod., 1837, Lepidoptera, nor Strobilus Anton, 1839, Mollusca).

180. SrROBILOPS LABYRINTHICA (Say). Most of the eastern

U.S., southwest to Texas.

180a. SrROBILOPS LABYRINTHICA STREBELI (Pfr.). Jackson

Co., Ala.; Northern Florida; Eastern Mexico.

(To be continued.)

= cases re

; ai ee: fh hat

VOLAAL PLATE I.

UNIO AMPHICHAENUS FRIERSON.

Poe NE rus.

Wers DI FEBRUARY, 1898. No. 10.

UNIO (LAMPSILIS) AMPHICHENUS, N. Sp.

BY LORRAINE S. FRIERSON.

Shell large, oblong oval, thin, slightly inflated, gaping for one-

half its length at the anterior and basal part, and at the upper part

of the posterior end, and covered with a shining, black or brownish

epidermis which is decidedly wrinkled in places; growth lines

strong and irregular ; beaks but slightly prominent; hinge line

evenly curved; hinge teeth but feebly developed, there being a

single, compressed, rather sharp cardinal in the left valve of the

young shell which becomes blurred and shows a tendency to split

up in the older shells, and two rather short, faint laterals, the inner

of which is the stronger; these being placed at the extreme poste-

rior end of the hinge plate, with one cardinal, and sometimes a

faint one above it, and a single, compressed, short lateral in the

right valve; laterals ending abruptly at the posterior end, with the

inner edges slightly curved upwards; area between the teeth nar-

row and rounded; muscle scars distinct, and quite deep for so thin

a shell; posterior retractor scar completely united with the adduc-

tor, dorsal scars to the number of five or six extending in a row from

the cavity of the beaks just behind their greatest projection towards

the anterior base; pallial line showing a tendency to break up into

several lines, and distinct traces of a posterior sinus; nacre clouded,

varying from deep violet to bluish and white.

Length 106, height 63, diam. 36 mm.

Habitat, Sabine, River at Logansport, Louisiana.

110 THE NAUTILUS.

This is one of the most distinct and remarkable Unios in the

United States. In its general structure, the hinge characters, the

row of dorsal cicatrices, the incipient pallial sinus, and the gaping

shell it shows relationship with Unio tenuwissimus, and its nacre is

something like that of this species, but the female shell is consider-

ably swollen in the post-basal region, and it reminds one a little of

a short, compressed, female Unio rectus. The posterior opening,

however, is its most remarkable character, commencing about mid-

way up the end of the shell, and extending nearly to the ends of the

laterals. This gap ends abruptly above, and less so below; the

edges of the shell are reflected outwards, and considerably lamel-

lated, and in old shells the remains of former reflected apertures

may be seen. The opening in a fully adult shell is about one-tourth

of an inch wide and one and one-fourth inch in length, and is as

distinct as that of Schizothwrus nuttalli of the west coast of the

United States, and occupies about the same relative position that it

does in this marine bivalve. It may possibly group with Unio ten-

uissimus, but it is quite likely that it will have to be made the type

of a new group, related to that species, to the a/atus and tampicoen-

sis groups.

I desire to thank Mr. Chas. T. Simpson for the valuable aid given

in the preparation of the above description and remarks.

NOTES ON QUEBEC PUPIDH AND OTHER SHELLS.

BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN,

My Quebec Pupide have just been looked over and separated for

me by Dr. V. Sterki, to whom I am under many obligations for

this labor of love. As a result my list of species, as far as these

small things are concerned, requires some corrections and additions.

The following are the species taken, instead of as recorded on

page 101, of the last volume of THE Nauriius :—

Pupa armifera Say. As already recorded.

Pupa pentodon Say. As already recorded.

Sphyradium edentulum Drap. Not uncommon; Isle d’Orleans.

and St. Joseph’s de Levis.

Vertigo ovata Say. As already recorded.

THE NAUTILUS. 111

Vertigo gouldii Binn. ‘The most abundant species taken. Com-

mon on mossy rocks at St. Joseph’s and St. Romauld’s (this species

was confounded with bodlesiana).

Vertigo ventricosa Morse. Nearly as common as gouldii, and

taken at St. Joseph’s and St. Romauld’s, as well as on the Island.

Vertigo curvidens Gould. As already recorded.

Vertigo milium Gould. Very rare.

Vertigo pygmea Drap. Single example.

Vertigo tridentata Wolf. Single example.

A noticeable absentee from the above list is Pupa contracta, which

however no doubt occurs in the Province.

Carychium exiguum Say. As already recorded.

Carychium exile Ad. One example.

Polygyra leai Ward. Referring to the valuable catalogue of

North American land shells now appearing in Tor Nautiius, lam

glad to see that this shell has been recognized as a distinct species,

for such I have always considered it. The species extends into Can-

ada. In the spring of 1891, at Brantford, Ontario, in drift along the

Grand River, I noticed plenty of dead shells, but never came across

any living ones until October. On the 9th and 10th of that month,

shortly before leaving for Quebec, I got over 200 specimens from a

small corner of swampy land—overgrown with reeds and bushes—

adjoining a sluggish stream. Zonites ligerus was in even greater

abundance. Besides these species (rare in Canada) were taken:

Selenites concava, Vitrina limpida, several small species of Zonites,

Pupa contracta, Succinea avara and ovalis, and a very handsome

small form of S. obliqua, Pomatiopsis lapidaria, etc. A richer spot

could hardly have been found. Fromasteep bank not far back from

the stream, I got a number of pairs of Polygyra monodon, but no

P. leai, and I did not find the former species with P. leai down be-

low. The chief object of this note is to show the Canadian record.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW UNIO.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

U. reclusus sp. noy.

Shell ovate-triangular, smooth, polished above, nearly equilateral,

somewhat inflated. Substance of the shell moderate and quite uni-

form in thickness. Epidermis finely striate, rayless, brownish, with

112 THE NAUTILUS.

two or three distant growth lines. Beaks prominent and surrounded

by four or five coarse, sharp, widely separated irregular undulations.

Ligament reddish, short, thin and scarcely elevated above the dor-

sum. Dorsal margin slightly elevated ; anterior margin gracefully

rounded, base uniformly and slightly curved; posterior margin

pointed. Posterior area abrupt with two slightly raised lines formed

of irregular elevations from beak to margin. Umbos gracefully and

uniformly rounded; greatest diameter in the centre of the disk.

Nacre sky-blue throughout, sometimes darker within the pallial

line. Beak cavities slight and abrupt. Cicatrices well impressed,

smooth and distinet. Cardinals solid, prominent, double in the left

valve and single in the right valve, laterals double in the left valve

and disposed to be double or tripartite in the right valve and joined

to the posterior cardinal by a distinct elevation of the dorsal plate.

Width 1% in., length 1 in., diam. ¢ in.

Habitat: Ocklocknee River, Leon County, Florida.

Type in National Museum.

Remarks:—This anomalous little shell was taken with U. klein-

ianus Lea, lienosus Con., kirklandianus Wright and floridensis Lea.

It does not seem to group well with any known species, though the

the beak sculpture indicates a relationship with U. forbesianus Lea.

In some respects it reminds one of U. macrodon Lea, but it is more .

inflated, not as solid usually, darker in epidermis, rayless, with deeper

beak and shell cavities. The lateral teeth are longer, higher and

end more abruptly, besides being double or tripartite in the right

valve. The very young show slight traces of broad, distant rays.

It certainly groups with U. forbesianus Lea, but is easily distin-

guished from the young of that species by its want of rays, lighter

epidermis, rounded base, rounded umbonal angle, flattened umbos

and it is smoother on the posterior area.

NEW PISIDIA.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

Pis. singleyi n. sp.

Mussel small, rather high, somewhat oblique, ventricose, beaks

prominent, also in the young, rounded but narrow on top, slightly

posterior, vertical section broadly heart-shaped; superior margin

moderately curved, rather short, scutellum slightly, seutum well

THE NAUTILUS. 113

marked ; anterior part somewhat angular with the end rounded ;

posterior end rounded or slightly truncate, inferior margin regu-

larly curved ; shell thin, translucent, colorless to pale horn ; sur-

face very finely, almost regularly striated, somewhat shining ; inte-

rior surface with fine but well marked, crowded pits, visible from

the outside; hinge rather fine, plate narrow, cardinal teeth rather

short but high, lamellar, the right one almost straight and longitu-

dinal in its anterior part, thickened in the posterior and curved

downward beyond the level of the plate; those of the left valve

little curved, the inferior somewhat the larger and projecting down-

ward over the edge of the hinge plate; lateral teeth rather small

and thin, pointed in the middle and rather abrupt, in the right valve

the anterior much the largest, slightly projecting inward.

Long. 2°5, alt. 2°3, diam. 1:7 mill. (Texas).

Long. 3:3, alt. 2°8, diam. 2°4 mill. (Mexico).

Habitat: Texas, Mexico.

In shape, color and striation, it has some resemblance with P.

punctatum, but the latter is much smaller, its surface is microscopi-

cally rugulose, dull, and the hinge comparatively stouter.

It was first seen in drift materials from the Guadaloupe River,

Comal Co., Texas, collected and kindly sent by Mr. J. A. Singley

in 1892, represented by a fair number of specimens in all stages of

growth. ‘Then in drift from the same river, sent by Mr. Wm. A.

Marsh, a few young specimens. Another lot from the Guadaloupe

River is in the U. S. National Museum (No. 134,010, Gurley), and

under the same head must be ranged one from Itzlan Creek, Gua-

daljara, Mexico, (No. 102,215). Of the largest specimen of them

the dimensions are given above. The species is named in honor of

Mr. J. A. Singley.

Pis. splendidulum n. sp.

Mussel small, well inflated, rather ovoid in outline, seutum and

scutellum rather well marked, the former often prominent ; beaks

slightly posterior, somewhat prominent, moderately large, rounded ;

color pale to deep horn, surface polished, with very fine, somewhat

irregular striz ; shell thin, transparent; hinge rather fine but well

formed, plate narrow; cardinal teeth longitudinal, lamellar, the

right one rather long, slightly curved, most so at both ends, more

or less thickened at the posterior end, and often with a groove; the

two in the valve nearly equal, parallel, little curved, the superior is

anterior for about one-third of its length ; lateral teeth compara-

114 THE NAUTILUS.

tively strong, all projecting into the interior of the mussel, pointed ;

ligament rather long.

Long. 2°8, alt. 2°4, diam. 1:7 mill.

Hab.: Maine, Virginia, Michigan.

At Caribou, Aroostook Co., Me., mainly in the Barren Brook,

Mr. Ol. O. Nylander collected, and sent me for examination in dif-

ferent lots, more than three thousand specimens. Mr. H. W.

Winkley collected some near Saco, Me., and in Mr. J. B. Hender-

son’s collection are a few lots from Old Orchard, Me. Mr. L. H.

Streng sent in different lots about1200 specimens collected nearGrand

Rapids, Michigan; and the writer has found it rather common in

the Potomac River at Washington, D. C., as well as in different

runs and ditches in Virginia near the National Capital.

Our species cannot be mistaken for any other Pisidium. In shape

it has some resemblance with P. abditum and politum ; but its small

size, the color and transparency of the shell, the shape of the cardi-

nal teeth, will readily distinguish it. In size, color and transpar-

ency of the shell, and the polished surface, it resembles P. ventrico-

sum and vesiculare; but both the latter are much more inflated,

their beaks are quite posterior and larger. It is, however, rather

variable in size and coloration, and the striation of the surface.

(To be concluded).

ELWOOD PLEAS.

It is with sincere regret that we record the death of our old friend

and correspondent, Mr. Elwood Pleas, of Dunreith, Henry Co.,

Indiana, which occurred on December 31,1897. He was born May

4, 1831, and the greater portion of his life was spent in Henry

County. For a number of years he was Editor of “The Newcas-

tle Courier” and the old files of this and other papers bear ample

evidence of his earnest ability as an editor. His most interesting

articles were those pertaining to his favorite study, Natural His-

tory. Mr. Pleas was well known to many readers of THe NavtI-

Lus, his principal contribution being “Shells of Henry Co., Indi-

ana,” (Vol. VII, page 65). In this article he recorded 123 species

and varieties of land and fresh water shells found by him within a

radius of five miles from bis home.

THE NAUTILUS. 115

In Toe Navuritus (Vol. V, page 2), Mr. Wm. A. Marsh de-

scribed two new Unios collected by bim, of one of which, U. Pleasii

Mr. Marsh says: “I name this shell after my friend, Mr. Elwood

Pleas, of Indiana, who collected this species with many other rare

shells in the interior of Arkansas.”

Mr. Pleas also collected extensively through Alabama and west-

ern Florida. Being interested in geology he availed himself of the

opportunity while in Alabama of securing a large collection of

Eocene fossils. Mineralogy, botany and entomology also received

a share of his attention, and in his death nature has lost a sincere

lover, and science an earnest supporter.—C. W. J.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

CaMBRIAN BRACHIOPODA: GENERA Iphidea AND Yorkia, w1TtH

Descriptions oF New Spectres of each, and of the Genus Acro-

thele, by Charles D. Walcott, (Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897).

Iphidea is a genus of small brachiopods belonging to the Neotre-

mata of Beecher, possibly with characters that nearly place it in the

Protremata. The species, of which 14 are known, range from the

lowest known Lower Cambrian horizon to the upper portion of the

Middle Cambrian. Five new species are described. Yorkiais a

new genus of inarticulate brachiopods based upon a new species, Y.

Wanneri, from the Lower Cambrian near York, Penna. Two new

forms of Acrothele are also described.

Dir GEHAUSESCHNECKEN DES GALBERGES UND KRAHNBERGES

BEI GorHa, von L. Schmidt, (Gratis-Beiblatt zu den “ Gothaer

Neuesten Nachrichten,” Oct. 1, 1897). A list of 38 species of land

snails making substantial additions to the Thiiringian mollusk fauna,

the literature of which has been scant. The slugs have been omit-

ted. Among the rarer species Azeca menkeana may be mentioned.

There 24 Helices, including the Zonitide, all of them widely dis-

tributed species.

A Srupy oF THE Faminy Pectinide, with a revision of the gen-

era and subgenera, by A. E. Verrill, (Trans. Conn. Acad., X, 1897).

The most elaborate study yet made upon the system of this family is

the subject of Professor Verrill’s paper. The earlier fossil groups

are not fully considered. In the Cretaceous nearly all existing

generic and sectional groups had appeared, and probably none has

116 THE NAUTILUS.

been evolved since the Eocene. All of the larger forms have very

numerous marginal tentacles on the mantle, corresponding somewhat

to the external sculpture of the shell in position, and there is alsoa

second inner row of “ guard tentacles” on a raised inner pallial

fold. The marginal tentacles are accompanied by a series of well

formed pallial eyes, very lustrous when living, and having a erys-

talline lens. These are also arranged according to the ribs of the

shell. In some of the deep sea forms there are but few eyes, and in

some cases they are not pigmented. Pectens, as is well known, are

good swimmers, although the very inequivalve typical forms are

rather sedentary. This probably enables them to escape the attacks

of crabs, fishes, etc., as well as boring gastropods, for itis certainly

true that bored Pectens are rarely seen.

The nomenclature is thoroughly sifted, and the genera and sub-

genera characterized, 27 being recognized, of which 8 are new.

The subdivision seems rather minute to one accustomed to the old

order of things, but has doubtless been well considered. Of the

genera, Pecren restricted, scarcely occurs on our coasts. AMU-

sIuM is represented by a couple of deep sea forms, but the Oriental

species is a well known shell. Thesubgenus Propeamusium contains

small species such as Dall’s alaskensis. CHLAMys, type islandicus,

is well represented, C. irradians, dislocatus, etc., belonging here to

the subgenus diquipecten. Lissopecten is a new subgenus proposed

for CO. hyalinus Poli, and Leptopecten another for C. monotimeris of

California. Placopecten is proposed for P. clintonius Say, also as a

subgenus of Chlamys. LyRoPECTEN contains L. nodosus, subnodo-

sus, ete. PECTINELLA is a new genus for P. sigsbei Dall of the

West Indies in deep water. CyCLOPECTEN is a new genus for P.

pustulosus Ver. and many other small species, mostly of deep water.

Hyalopecten, n. gen., type P. undatus Ver., contains small forms pos-

sibly related to the fossil genus Syncyclonema. PARAMUSIUM, type

P. Dalli Smith, is another new genus.

Several new forms are described, with useful notes on. others,

among which we may mention with approval the rejection of Gme-

lin’s misleading name magellanicus for the well known New Eng-

land species. Verrill calls it Chlamys (Placopecten) clintonius Say.

A yery useful analytical key to the genera is given, and six well

drawn plates illustrate important structural features and unfigured

species.

THE NAUTILUS. A

181. SrroprLops vrrGo (Pils.). Canada to Northern Alabama

and west to Minnesota and Kansas.

182. SrropiLors AFFINIS Pils. New York, Ohio, ete.

183. SrRoBILops HUBBARDI (Brown). Calhoun Co., Texas;

Savannah, Ga.; Eastern and Northern Florida. Also Jamaica.

Genus LEUCOCHEILA Martens.

184. LeucocHEILA FALLAX (Say). Prov. Ontario, Canada, to

Florida, and west to Minnesota, Texas and Arizona.

185. LeucocueiLa monica (Gld.). St. Simon’s Island, Ga. to

Florida; west to Cedar Keys and Ala.

Genus BIFIDARIA Sterki, 1891.

Section A/lbinula Sterki.

186. BirmARIA ARMIFERA Say. Ontario and Quebec, Canada,

and nearly the whole U.S. east of the Rocky Mts.

187. BiripARIA conrRAcTA Say. Ontario, Canada, and the

whole U.S. east of the Rocky Mts.; eastern Mexico.

188. BrrrpaRfA HOLZINGERI Sterki. St. Cloud, Minn., Iowa,

S. to Wichita, Kansas and Joliet, Will Co., Il.

188a. BirIDARIA HOLZINGERI FORDYANA Sterki. Wichita,

Kansas.

Section Bijidaria s. str.

189. BrripARIA HORDEACEA Gabb. Arizona, New Mexico.

190. Bremparia PROCERA Gld. Minnesota to New Mexico, and

eastward.

191. BrripARIA HORDEACELLA Pils. Comal and Lee Counties,

Texas; New Mexico.

192. Brrrmparta RUPICOLA Say. Kansas and New York south-

ward to Texas and Key West, Florida.

1938. Brerparia servilis Gld. Florida; Cuba.

(An undescribed form of this group has been called P. riogrand-

ensis Sterki. Hidalgo, Texas).

194. BiripDARIA CORTICARIA (Say). Ontario and Maine to

Minnesota, south to South Carolina and Mississippi.

195. BrrrpArtA HEBES Ancey. New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada

and Utah; type locality White Pine, Nevada. This is P. arizonensis

W.G. B., not Gabb, and P. gabbi Dall. A form saxicola’ Ckll. has

Not Pupa saxicola Lowe nor P. saxicola Moq.-Tand.

118 THE NAUTILUS.

been described from Round Mountain near Silver Cliff, Colorado.

195a. BIFIDARIA HEBES MEXICANORUM Ckll. Mesilla, New

Mexico.

Section Vertigopsis ‘Ckll.’ Sterki.

196. BIFIDARIA PILSBRYANA Sterki. New Mexico, Arizona.

197. BIrIDARIA CINCINNATIENSIS Judge. Cincinnati, Ohio.

198. BrripARIA CURVIDENS Gld. Mass. to Minn.; Ontario

and Quebec.

198a. BIFIDARIA CURVIDENS GRACILIS Sterki. Rhode Island,

Ohio, Tennessee. '

198b. BrrrpARIA CURVIDENS FLORIDANA Dall. Archer, Alachua

Co., Florida.

199. BrriIDARIA PENTODON (Say). Ontario and Quebec, Canada,

to Minnesota, south to Ga. and Texas; Lincoln Co., Nevada;

Laggan, B.C. <A form eurta Sterki, occurs in Ohio.

Genus PUPA Draparnaud,

Subgenus Pupilla Leach, (=typical Pupa.)

200. PupA mMuscorumM (L.). Prov. Quebec, Canada, New Eng-

land, and the Northern tier of States from Maine to Montana;

Colorado, Utah and Nevada. Also Europe. Pupasublubrica Ane.

is considered a synonym by Binney.

201. Pupa BLAND! (Morse). New Mexico, Utah, Colorado and

western S. and N. Dakota. (Referred to P. muscorum var. bi-

granata Rossm. by von Martens; ef. also P. signata Mouss.). A form

obtusa Ckll. is recorded from Custer Co., Colo.

202. Pupa SYNGENEs Pils. New Mexico; Arizona; Montana.

203. PupaA sTERKIANA Pils. San Diego Co., Cal.; Lower Cali-

fornia.

Subgenus Nearctula Sterki.

204. PUPA CALIFORNICA (Rowell). San Francisco, etc., Califor-

nia.

204a. PUPA CALIFORNICA ELONGATA Sterki. San Clemente Is-

land.

204b. PupA CALIFORNICA CATALINARIA Sterki. San Clemente

and Santa Catalina Is.

204c. PuPA CALIFORNICA DIEGOENSIS Sterki. San Diego, Cal.

204d. PUPA CALIFORNICA TRINOTATA Sterki. Monterey, Cal.

THE NAUTILUS. 119

204e. PUPA CALIFORNICA CycLops Sterki. Placer Co., Cal.

205. PupA ROWELLI (Newe.). Middle portion of California, Oak-

land, Monterey, ete.

206. PupA CORPULENTA (Morse). Vancouver Id.; Washoe Co.,

Nevada; North Park, Colorado.

207. Pupa CASTANEA Sterki. Lake Co., California.

208. Pura pEcorA (Gld.). Berkshire Hills, W. Mass. to Great

Slave Lake. Rare and local.

208a. PUPA DECORA BOREALIS (Morel.). Bering Island.

209. PupA CONCINNULA Ckll. Colorado at high elevations. (V.

ingersolli Ancey, unpublished, with varieties haydeni and perhaps

accedens Anc., are identical. Perhaps P. montanella Ckll. undes-

cribed, belongs here).

210. Pupa coLORADOENSIS Ckll. Colorado, “ mid-alpine.”

211. Pura Hopp Moll. Greenland ; (? Anticosti Island ; Laggan,

near summit of Rocky Mts.).

212. PupA coLUMBIANA Sterki. Washington. Undescribed.

An undescribed var. wtahensis is mentioned by Dr. Sterki.

Subgenus Sterkia Pilsbry, 1898.

213. Pupa caLAmirosa Pils. San Diego Co., Cal., and south-

ward.

214. PupA HEMPHILLI Sterki. San Diego Co., Cal., and south-

ward.

215. PupA CLEMENTINA Sterki. San Clemente Island, Cal.

Genus VERTIGO Draparnaud.

Subgenus Angustula Sterki.

216. Vertigo mitium Gld. Hamilton, Ont., Quebec, and

Maine to Minnesota, south to Florida and Texas.

Subgenus Vertigo Drap.

Section Haplopupa Pilsbry, 1898.

217. VERTIGO DALLIANA (Sterki). Lake Co., California.

— Section Bothriopupa Pilsbry, 1898.

218. Vertico variotosa (Gld). Southern extremity of Florida.

Section Vertigo s. str.

219. VERTIGO BINNEYANA Sterki. Manitoba to Seattle, Wash.,

south to New Mexico.

120 THE NAUTILUS.

220. VerTIGO PYGM#A Drap. Quebec, New England and N.

Y., south to Va., west to Columbus, Ohio. (=V. callosa Sterki,

not of Reuss, Paleontographica, II, p. 30, 1849).

221. VerTIGO RUGOSULA Sterki. South Carolina, Gulf coast to

‘Texas.

221a. VERTIGO RUGOSULA ORALIs Sterki (n. n. for ovulwm Sterki

preoc.).

922. VerRTIGO OVATA Say. Eastern North America, Ont. and

Quebec to Florida; Arizona, New Mexico.

223. VERTIGO MORSE! Sterki. Kent Co., Michigan ; Northwest-

ern Ohio.

224, VERTIGO VENTRICOSA (Morse). Quebec and Maine to

Ohio.

224a. VERTIGO VENTRICOSA ELATIOR Sterki. New Philadelphia,

Ohio; East Saginaw, Mich., Clearwater, Minn.

225. VeRTIGO GouLDII Binn. Ontario, Quebec and Maine to

Montana, south to N. J. and Md.

295. VERTIGO APPROXIMANS Sterki. Illinois.

226. VERTIGO BOLLESIANA (Morse). Maine to Indiana, south to

Virginia and Tenn.; mainly in the N. E.

226a. VERTIGO BOLLESIANA ARTHURI Martens. Little Missouri,

Dakota.

2927. VERTIGO TRIDENTATA Wolf. Quebec and Maine to Minn-

esota, south to Illinois and Ohio.

228. VERTIGO PARVULA Sterki. Summit and Lake Counties,

Ohio.

929. VERTIGO OSCARIANA Sterki. Florida to Texas; Tenn.

Family ACHATINIDA.

Genus OPEAS Albers, 1850.

230. Opras mrcrA (Orb.). Fort Dallas, Florida; Charleston,

S.C. West Indies and South America. Stenogyra octonoides is a

synonym.

231. Opras sUBULA (Pfr.). Mobile, Ala. West Indies. (Intro-

duced in some greenhouses North).

[ Opeas goodalli (Mill.) and an undetermined Opeas have been

found in Phipp’s conservatory, Pittsburgh (Clapp); and the latter

occurs also in Washington, D. C. (Lehnert). Subudina octona lives in

Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia. Until naturalized out of doors,

these can hardly be regarded as belonging to our fauna, any more

than the animals of zoological gardens.]

‘He NAUTILUS.

Vou. XI. MARCH, 1898. No. 11.

MOLLUSCA CONTEMPORANEOUS WITH THE MASTODON.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

In THE Navrixus for March, 1891, (Vol. VI, p. 1381) there is

given a list of half a dozen species of fresh-water shells which were

found associated with the remains of a mastodon discovered in

Randolph County, Indiana. ‘Through the courtesy of Mr. W. Hilles

Smith of Niles, Michigan, I have recently had an opportunity of

examining a quantity of material taken from the muck beneath the

remains of a mastodon found near that city.

As the list of species is a considerable one it is of interest not only

because of the circumstances, under which they were found, but also

as a basis for comparison with similar finds from other localities.

As has been stated by others in reference to the mollusca formed

fossil in the loess there is here, in most instances, little, if any, varia-

tion from the usual form of the species as they are found living at

the present time.

The Planorbis companulatus Say and bicarinatus Say are both

larger than the average size of the species as usually found. Inthe

latter species there is a decided tendency towards a whorl narrow in

proportion to its height, with a strong carina on both sides, result-

ing in a long narrow aperture in mature examples.

One of the most abundant species in the collection was Valvata tri-

carinata Say, which afforded some unusual forms. As is well known,

this species is extremely variable in its sculpture, ranging though

the bicarinate and unicarinate forms to that which is ecarinate. In

this, however, all the specimens are strongly tricarinate and the

variation is in the other direction and in the form of additional ear-

inz. This, in one instance, appears as a fourth carina on the body

whorl about half way between the superior and peripheral carinz

in the normal shell. In another specimen, a fourth carina is sud-

122 THE NAUTILUS.

denly developed upon the shoulder of the last whorl parallel with

superior carina and at about one-third of the distance between it

and the suture. The interval between the two being a groove, rather

than a continuation of the flat surface of the shoulder. In a some-

what similar specimen there is no distinct carina developed, but

simply a sharp edge, where the flattened surface of the shoulder is

cut by the groove which encircles it just inside the superior carina.

In two other examples, the suture of the last half of the body whorl

is decidedly channelled, increasingly so as it approaches the aper-

ture, with an indistinct elevation hardly sufficient to be termed a

carina, bordering its outer edge.

Although these variations were found in only half a dozen spec-

imens out of a considerable number, it is nevertheless worthy of

notice, that in each instance the growth of the shell had been entirely

normal until about the beginning of the last whorl. Then suddenly

and apparently after a period of rest, such as hibernation, with a

renewal of growth the change of sculpture begins. This would

naturally seem to be the result of some change in the environment.

But, whatever was its source, it was not sufficient, evidently, to affect

the whole colony. However, as some of the examples are not fully

grown, it may be possibly attributed to the same cause, which very

shortly exterminated them all. Unfortunately, what that was, is

purely a matter of conjecture.

The complete list of the species found is as follows:

Zonites radiatulus Ald. Amnicola lustrica Pils.

Strobilops labyrinthica Say. Campeloma integra Say.

Succinea ovalis Gld. ~ Campeloma obesa Lewis.

Carychium exiguum Say. Campeloma subsolidum Anth.

Limneea stagnalis L. | Pleurocera elevatum Say.

Limnsea desidosa Say. Goniobasis livescens Mke.

Limnea humilis Say. Unio ventricosus Bar.

Physa ancillaria Say. Unio spatulatus Lea.

Physa heterostropha Say. Unio novi-eboraci Lea.

Physa integra Hald. Unio pressus Lea.

Planorbis deflectus Say. Margaritina rugosa Bar.

Planorbis parvus Say. Margaritina deltoidea Lea.

Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Anodonta subeylindracea Lea.

Planorbis trivolvis Say. _ Anodonta Footiana Lea.

Planorbis campanulatus Say. Spheerium simile Say.

Ancylus rivularis Say. Spheerium striatinum Lam.

Valvata tricarinata Say. | Pisidium compressum Prime.

Amnicola limosa Say. Pisidium sp.

THE NAUTILUS. 128

HAWAIIAN CYPREAIDE.

BY D. D. BALDWIN, HAIKU, MAUI, H. I.

In the following list of species reported from these Islands, those

not known to me personally as Hawaiian are marked with an

asterisk :

Cypreea ann Roberts.* | Cypreea nucleus Linn.

Cyprza annulus Linn. | Cyprza polita Roberts.

Cyprzea arabica Linn. Cypreea poraria Linn.

Cypreea argus Linn. Cypreea reticulata Mart.

Cy prea carneola Linn. _ Cyprea spadix Migh.*

Cypreea caput-auguis Phil. Cypreea scurra Chem.

Cyprea caput-serpentis Linn. Cypreea semiplota Migh.*

Cypriea childreni Gray. | Cyyrea staphylea Linn.*

Cypreea cicercula Linn. _ Cyprea sulcidentata Gray.

Cypreea erosa Linn. Cyprezea talpa Linn.

Cypreea errones Linn. | Cypreea tessellata Sow.

Cypreea fimbriata Gmel. Cypreea tigris Linn.

Cyprzea helvola Linn. Cypreea unifasciata Migh.*

Cypreea isabella Linn. Cypreea ventriculus Lam.

Cy prea intermedia Gray. Cyprzea vitellus Linn.

Cyprea limacina Lam.* Trivia exigua Gray.*

Cy prea lynx Linn. Trivia grando Gask.

Cyprea madagascariensis Gmel. | Trivia globulus Linn.*

Cyprzea mauritiana Linn. Trivia insecta Migh.

Cypreea moneta Linn. Trivia oryza Lam.*

Cypreea microdon Gray. Trivia spherula Migh.*

NEW VARIETIES OF UNIONIDE.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

U. gibbosus Barnes, var. armathwaitensis nov.

The chief distinguishing characters of this variety are: Broader

behind, lateral teeth shorter, darker epidermis, beak cavity more

pronounced and angular, longer, posterior cavity greater, nacre

usually a brighter purple and it is never as large or as massive as

the typical form.

Habitat.—A branch of the South Fork of the Cumberland River

at Armathwaite, Fentress Co., Tenn. Typein National Museum.

Remarks.—Mr. E. F. Hassler collected a quantity of these shells

124 THE NAUTILUS.

along with Margaritana ravenelliana Lea and they seemed to differ

from U. gibbosus Bar. sufficiently to warrant making a variety of

them, in which opinion Mr. Simpson of the National Museum con-

curred. Its place is between U. subgibbosus Lea and U. gibbosus

Barnes and while it occasionally has the white nacre of the former

species it is always larger but less massive, wider and has a darker

epidermis.

It is also related to U. stonensis Lea and closely resembles that

species except in epidermis and nacre. Only three specimens out

of fifty had a pure white nacre, and those would be taken for ston-

ensis but for the darker epidermis.

Margaritana marginata Say, var. truncata nov.

Shell abruptly truncated behind, and more produced in frent,

causing it to be nearly equilateral. More inflated and usually

larger than the typical form.

Remarks.—This well marked variety was noted by Mr. Say and

specimens were by him labelled in this name, but no description was

ever published, so far as known. It occurs in eastern as well as

western waters and into Virginia and Tennessee.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW PISIDIA.

BY DR. V.,SPERKT.

Pis. splendidulum Sterki.

Additional localities are: Upper Red Hook, N. Y., and New

Philadelphia, Ohio.

Pis. abyssorum Stimpson, n. sp.

Mussel small, moderately inflated, somewhat elongate and oblique

(most specimens somewhat rhombic), superior and inferior margins

moderately curved ; scutellum slightly, scutum rather well marked ;

posterior end rounded or slightly truncated above obliquely in pos-

tero-anterior direction, merging into the inferior margin with one

continuous curve; anterior end a rounded angle situated rather in-

feriorly ; beaks slightly posterior, rather low, comparatively broad ;

color whitish to pale horn; surface polished, with fine, irregular

striz ; shell very thin, translucent; hinge very fine, plate very nar-

row; cardinal teeth short, lamellar, thin, longitudinal, scarcely

curved, the superior of the left valve little anterior, quite small or

abortive; lateral teeth very thin, not high, the outer ones of the

right valve scarcely perceptible or absent; ligament small.

THE NAUTILUS. 125

Long. 274, alt. 2°0, diam. 1:4 mill., (long. 2-3 mill.) ; young, as

contained in parent, 0°8 mill. long.

Habitat: Region of the Great Lakes, in deep water—Lake

Michigan: Racine, Wis., dredged (Mr. Geo. T. Marston) ; different

places on the Michigan side, partly from a depth of 24 meters; Pine

Lake, Mich., dredged ; Green Lake, Wis., dredged ; from stomachs

of White Fish, Lake Michigan, all sent by Mr. Bryant Walker, in

1894, and partly since. They were believed be a new form, but

publication was deferred.

In March, 1895, Mr. Geo. T. Marston sent me two lots from

dredgings, writing: “No. A. 208, Pis. abyssorum Stimpson, were

from Dr. P. R. Hoy, Racine, Wis. He wrote me that they were

first found in the stomachs of \White Fish taken in Lake Michigan,

near Racine, Wis., in 1870, by a party of gentlemen including Wm.

Stimpson and himself. The party were investigating the food of

White Fish, then unknown. I quote from Hoy’s letter: ‘ In 1870

we dragged in Lake Michigav—Wm. Stimpson assisted—we got

several of the Pisidium and three species of Crustaceans, all of which

were new. Stimpson described the several new species—the names

were published—I do not recollect where published—but the descrip-

tion was written out with the greatest care and were to be published

in the Proc. of the Chicago Acad. Se, of which Stimpson was

secretary at the time. All were burnt at the time of the great

fire’ Mr. Marston subsequently had correspondence with several

conchologists, but the matter remained unsettled. The two lots

contained different forms of small Pisidia mixed up; but the most

numerous and most conspicuous specimens represented the form now

described under Stimpson’s name. There js no absolute certainty

that this is the same Pisidium the author had described, but it is

the nearest in probability, and so to-day by the efforts of Mr. Mars-

ton, we can do justice to the deceased scientist. For the above de-

scription the writer is wholly responsible. The name (only) Pis.

abyssorum has been published by Smith in his “Sketch of the In-

vertebrate Fauna of Lake Superior,” according to a kind communi-

cation of Mr. Bryant Walker.

The form comes nearest Pis. splendidulwm, in size and shape; but

it is less inflated, the beaks are less prominent, the color is much

paler (whitish), the shell thinner, and the hinge much finer and, as

mentioned, partly defective.

Pis. pauperculum var. Nylanderi n.

Different from the type in the following points ; it is comparatively

126 THE NAUTILUS.

higher (as high as long, or nearly so), quite oblique ; the beaks are

very large; upper margin and hinge very strongly curved ; color

pale greenish horn; surface highly polished, with distinet, irregular

lines of growth.

Known from Maine and New Jersey. It has been collected in

Partridge Lake, in the thoroughfare between Partridge and Long

Lakes, in Long Lake, Square Lake, all in Maine, with the dredge,

in various depths down to 25 feet, by Mr. Olof O. Nylander. Also

dredged in White Pond, N. J., by Messrs. Pilsbry and Rhoads, to-

gether with rather typical specimens of pauperculum and inter-

mediate forms. The upper margin and hinge are asstrongly curved

as in Pis equilaterale Pr. and some forms of P. compressum Pr. The

beaks are so large as to make out almost the whole upper part of

the mussel.

This Pisidium has been named after Mr. Ol. O. Nylander, who

has so assiduously collected both recent and fossil mollusea of north-

ern Maine.

New Philadelphia, Ohio., Jan., 1898.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

CATALOGUE OF THE HATFIELD COLLECTION OF SHELLS FROM

THE Loyauty Istanps, by James Cosmo Melvill and Robert

Standen. Originally published in the Journal of Conchology, this

paper has been reprinted as one of the Manchester Museum Hand-

books. The Loyalty Islands belong to the New Caledonian group,

and like that island are remarkably prolific in mollusk life. About

600 species, of which a score are new, are catalogued by Messrs.

Melvill and Standen. Some idea of the wealth of the fauna may be

obtained from the fact that there are 42 species of Conus, 53 mitras,

46 Cyprea and Trivia (among them C. exanthema L.’ Rashleigh-

ana Melv., suleidentata Gray, aurora (aurantium), clandestina v.

Artuffeli Jouss., poraria var. albinella (new), Trivia childreni, ete.).

Other interesting species are Turbo moluccensis and the Plewrotom-

ide, of which a large number of small species, including numerous

new ones, occurred. ‘Two excellent plates illustrate new forms. The

work is very creditable to Mr. and Mrs. Hatfield, who collected the

shells, as well as to the authors.

Mr. G. B. Sowerby announces the issue of a supplement to his

“ Marine Shells of South Africa.”

’ Probably not indigenous.

THE NAUTILUS. LZ?

Subgenus Melaniella Pfr., 1859.

232. OpEAS GRACILLIMA (Pfr.). Key West, and near Miami

River, Florida. Cuba, ete.

Genus RUMINA Risso, 1826.

233. RuMINA DECOLLATA (Linn.). Charleston, S. C. Introduced

from southern Europe.

Genus CHECILIOIDES (Fér.) Hermannsen, 1846.

_ 234. Cacrnioipes acicuLa (Miull.). Florida (Bartlett, many

years ago); Princeton, N. J. (A. D. Brown). Introduced from

Europe.

Genus COCHLICOPA (Fér.) Risso, 1826,

235. CocHLICOPA LUBRICA (Miill.). Canada to D. C. and Alab-

ama, west to Oregon. Also Palearctic. Commonly known in

America as “ Férussacia subcylindrica L.”

235a. CoCHLICOPA LUBRICA MORSEANA (Doherty). Hamilton

Co., Ohio; Kenton Co., Ky.; Roan Mt., N.C.

(Superfamily AGNATHA Morch.)

Family GLANDINIDE.

Genus GLANDINA Schum.

233. GLANDINA TRUNCATA (Brug.). Georgia Sea Islands to

Florida, west to Louisiana and Mississippi. Forms macer Dall ;

parallela W. G. Binn., Florida. Form bullata Gld., Louisiana and

Mississippi. Var. ovata Dall, Florida, is the same.

234. GLANDINA TEXASIANA (Pfr.). Brownsville, Texas. Prob-

ably a mere form of truncata.

235. GLANDINA sINGLEYANA W. G. B. South central and

southern Texas. (G. decussata Desh. isa Guatemalan species).

236. GLANDINA VANUXEMENSIS Lea. Texas?; Mexico. A dowbt-

ful member of our fauna.

Family TESTACELLID A.

237. 'TESTACELLA HALIOTIVEA Drap. Roxborough, Philadelphia,

Pa. Introduced from Europe.

Family CIRCINARIID/ Pilsbry.

Genus CIRCINARIA (Beck, 1837) Pilsbry.

(Macrocyclis auct. not Beck ; Selenites Fischer not Hope; Hap-

lotrema Anc.).

128 THE NAUTILUS.

238. CIRCINARIA HEMPHILLI (W.G. Binn.). Olympia, Walla-

walla and Freeport, Wash.; also Oregon.

239. CIRCINARIA CONCAVA (Say). Ontario and Quebee, Canada,

west to Minnesota, south to Kansas, Mississippi and Georgia.

240. CIRCINARIA VANCOUVERENSIS (Lea). Bolinas Bay, Cal., to

Sitka, Alaska.

240a. CIRCINARIA VANCOUVERENSIS OCCIDENTALIS (Hemph.).

Sonoma to Santa Cruz Co., Cal.; Kalama, Wash.

S. concavus var. tenuis ae from Napa Co., is practically

the same. Mr. Hemphill has described a var. keepi from near

Oakland, Cal. I have not seen specimens.

241. CrrcrnaRIA SPORTELLA (Gld.). Klamath and Humboldt

Co., Cal., to Vancouver I.

241a. CIRCINARIA SPORTELLA HYBRIDA (Ancey). Portland,

Astoria. The Dalles and Douglas Co., Ore.; Olympia, Freeport,

and Seattle, Wash.; Vernon, B. C.

(This is M. vancouverensis var. hybrida Anc., 1888, and 8S. van-

couverensis var. hybridus Hemph., 1890).

242. CiRcINARIA VOYANA (Newe.). Shasta Co., Cal. to Puget

Sound.

242a. CrRCINARIA VOYANA SIMPLICILABRIS Ancey. California.

243. CIRCINARIA DURANTI (Newe.). Santa Barbara Is. and

coast range of southern California.

243a. CIRCINARIA DURANTI CHLATA (Mazyck). San. Diego,

Cal. to San Tomas River, Lower California. (Celatura W. G. B.,

Terr. Moll. V, 3d Suppl.).

245b. CIRCINARIA DURANTI CATALINENSIS (Hemph.). Santa

Catalina Island. ,

244, CIRCINARIA TRANSFUGA (Hemph.). San Diego, Cal. to.

Todos Santos Bay, Lower California.

(Superfamily AULACOPODA Pilsbry.)

Family ZONITID A.

Subfamily Zonitinee Pilsbry.

Genus OMPHALINA Rafinesque.

245, OMPHALINA KOPNODES (W.G. Binn.). West Virginia to

Ga. and Alabama.

246. OMPHALINA FULIGINOSA (Grifl.). | Ontario, west to south-

ern Michigan, Indiana and Arkansas, south to Volusia Co., Fla.

THE NAUTILUS. 129

246a. OMPHALINA FULIGINOsA PoLtrA Pilsbry. Mountain region

of Eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina. Great Smokies ;

Monroe Co., Tenn.

247. OMPHALINA FRIABILIS (W. G. B.). Southern Illinois to

Washington Co., Texas; northern Kentucky ; Franklin Co., Tenn.

248. OMPHALINA L&vVIGATA (Pfr.). North Carolina to St.

John’s Valley, Fla., west to Arkansas and western Louisiana.

249. OMPHALINA RUGELI (W. G. B.). North Carolina, Roan

Mt. to Cranberry.

250. OMPHALINA SUBPLANA (Binn.). Mts. between Tennessee

and North Carolina.

251. OMPHALINA INORNATA (Say). Ottawa and Hull, Canada,

to Georgia and Ohio.

252. OMPHALINA ANDREWS Pilsbry. Great Smoky Mts., be-

tween Tennessee and North Carolina; Macon Co., Ga.

252a. OMPHALINA ANDREWS MONTIVAGA Pilsbry. Thunder-

head Mt.

Genus VITRINIZONITES W. G. Binney.

253. VITRINIZONITES LATISsIMus (Lewis). Mountains between

Tennessee and North Carolina.

Genus VITRINA Drap., 1801.

254. Virrtna LimprpA Gld. Canada and New England, west

to Manitoba, south to Pittsburgh, Pa.

255. VITRINA PFEIFFERI Newe. California to B. C.; New Mex-

ico, Utah, Colorado.

256. ViTRINA ANGELIC Beck. Godhavn, Greenland.

257. Virrina ExILis Morel. Unalaska; Bering Id. A Kam-

chatkan species.

Genus VITREA Fitzinger.

258. VirREA CELLARIA (Miill). Seaports of Atlantic and Pacific

coasts, Quebec, Portland, Me., Phila., Charleston, S. C., occasional

in greenhouses inland, Allegheny City, Pa., Detroit, Mich., ete.

259. VirREA DRAPARNALDI (Beck.). Greenhouses, etc., Seattle,

Wash., Oakland, Cal.

260. ViIrREA HAMMONISs (Strém). North Carolina to Colorado,

northward throughout the northern states and British America;

also Palearctic. (Hyalina pellucida Lehnert, H. viridula Mke.,

Hi, rudiatula Ald., H. electrina Gld. are synonyms).

130 THE NAUTILUS.

261. VirreA WHEATLEY! (Bland). Knoxville, Tenn., northern

Alabama. (Indiana and Michigan, Sterki).

26la. VitREA WHEATLEYI CLINGMANI Dall. Clingman’s Dome,

Great Smoky Mts., N. C.

262. VirrREA RADERI Dall. Cumberland, Md.

263. VirrREA PETROPHILA (Bld.). Knoxville, Tenn.; Habers-

ham Co., Ga.; Clarkesville, N. C.; Great Smoky Mts.

264. ViTREA BINNEYANA (Morse). Quebec and Maine to north-

ern Mich.; also reported from Vancouver Id.

265. VirTrEA JOHNSONI Dall. Seattle, Washington.

266. VirrEA WHITNEYI (Newce.). Near Lake Tahoe, Cal.

267. VITREA DIEGOENSIS (Hemph.). Near Julian City, Cuya-

maca Mts., San Diego Co., California.

Section Striatura Morse, 1864.

268. VITREA FERREA (Morse). Quebec, Ontario and Maine to

Northern Mich., south to Ohio and North Carolina.

Section Glyphyalina Martens, 1892.

270. VITREA INDENTATA (Say). Dakota to New Mexico, Lower

California and states of Jalisco and Morelos, Mexico, east to the

Atlantic, Ontario to Florida.

271. Virrea scuLpritis (Bld.). Mountain region near the

Tennessee and North Carolina boundary.

272. VIrREA CAROLINENSIS (Ckll.). Mountain region along the

North Carolina and Tennessee boundary ; Monroe Co., Tenn.

273. VITREA SUBRUPICOLA (Dall). Clinton’s Cave, Utah.

273a. VITREA SUBRUPICOLA SPELHA (Dall). Cave City, Cala-

veras Co., Cal.

Section Paravitrea Pilsbry, 1898.

274. VirrReA CAPSELLA (Gld.). Virginia and Kentucky to Ala-

bama.

275. VirReA stmpsont (Pils.). Limestone Gap, Indian Terr. ;

Mablevale, Ark.

276. ViITREA PLACENTULA (Shuttl.). Great Smoky Mts., ete.,

Eastern Tennessee; Lexington, Va.; Hot Springs, Ark.

277. VirrREA LAW (W.G.B.). Eastern Tennessee.

Genus CONULUS Fitzinger, 1833.

(Not Conulus Klein, pre Linnzean, nor of Raf., 1815, a nude name).

THE NAUTILUS. Lt

278. ConuLus FULVus (Miill.). All the States; British Amer-

ica, Palearctic.

278a. ConuLUS FULVUS DENTATUs Sterki. Jackson Co., Ala.;

Cincinnati, Ohio.

279. ConuLus sTERKU Dall. New Philadelphia and Summit

Co., Ohio; Mt. Lebanon, La.; Jackson Co., Ala.

280. CoNULUS CHERSINELLUS (Dall). Calaveras Co., Cal. ; Fres-

no Co.

Genus GUPPYA Morch, 1867.

281. Guppya GUNDLACHI (Pfr.). Florida; Hidalgo, Texas;

also West Indies and Central America.

Subfamily Ariophantine Pilsbry,

Genus ZONITOIDES Lehmann, 1862.

282. ZonrrorpEs NiTipus (Miill.). British America and North-

ern States from New England to Washington; Pa.; Ohio; Ala.

Also Europe.

283. ZONITOIDES ARBOREUS (Say). All the States; British

America north to Great Slave Lake.

284. ZONITOIDES DALLIANUS (Simp.). Manatee Co. and Little

Sarasota Bay, W. Florida.

Section Pseudohyalina Morse, 1864.

985. ZONITOIDES LIMATULUS (Ward). New York, Ohio, Mich-

igan, Indiana, local and rather rare. (San Mateo, Cal., Binney).

286. ZONITOIDES LATEUMBILIcATUS (Pils.). Near Woodville,

Jackson Co., Ala.

287. ZONITOIDES PATULOIDES (Pilsbry). Thunderhead, Great

Smoky Mts.

288. ZONITOIDES SHIMEKII (Pils.). Loess of lowa (Extinct).

289. ZONITOIDES SELENITOIDES (Pils.). Mariposa Big Trees,

Cal.

290. ZONITOIDES MINUsCULUs (Binn.). Ontario to Florida, west

to Mont., Arizona and New Mexico.

290a. ZONITOIDES MINUSCULUS ALACHUANUS (Dall). Alachua

Co., Fla.

291. ZONITOIDES L&VIUSCULUS (Sterki). Comal Co. and Hid-

algo, Texas; Henry Co., Ind.; N.-W. Ohio; New Mexico.

292. ZONITOIDES SINGLEYANUS (Pils.). Comal Co., Central Texas ;

Woodville, Ala.

Tae THE NAUTILUS.

293. ZONITOIDES EXIGUUS (Stimps.). Quebee and Ontario, New

England, N. Y., Mich.

294. ZONITOIDES MtLiIuM (Morse). Ontario to Florida, west to

Indiana.

294a. ZONITOIDES MILIUM PUGETENSIS (Dall). Seattle, Wash.;

Ballena, San Diego Co., Cal.

Genus GASTRODONTA Albers, 1850.

295. GASTRODONTA INTERTEXTA (Binn.). Ontario to Florida,

west to southwestern Louisiana and Indiana. A carinated form

occurs.

296. GASTRODONTA ACERRA (Lewis). Roan Mt., North Caro-

lina, to Montgomery, Ala.; Indian Terr.

297. GASTRODONTA DEMISSA (Binn.), Western Pa. to Georgia

west to Arkansas and eastern Texas.

297a. GASTRODONTA DEMISSA BRITTSI (Pils.). Hot Springs, Ark.

298. GASTRODONTA CERINOIDEA (Anth.). Virginia to northern

Florida.

299. GASTRODONTA LIGERA (Say). Ontario to Michigan, Indian

Terr. and Louisiana, south to Virginia and Tennessee.

300. GASTRODONTA COLLISELLA Pils. Lookout Mt., Roane,

Knox, Monroe and Washington counties, Tennessee ; Lexington,

Va.

300a. GASTRODONTA COLLISELLA PERCALLOSA Pils. Near Chat-

tanooga and Nashville, Tenn.

301. GASTRODONTA GULARIS (Say). Mountain region of eastern

Tennessee, western North Carolina, northern Alabama and Georgia.

301a. GASTRODONTA GULARIS CUSPIDATA (Lewis). Monroe Co.,

etc., eastern Tennessee ; Roan Mt.

5302. GASTRODONTA SUPPRESSA (Say). Ontario and Michigan

to Maryland.

303. GASTRODONTA MACILENTA (Shuttl.). Mountains near the

Tennessee and North Carolina boundary.

304. GASTRODONTA LASMODON (Phillips). Eastern Tennessee,

western North Carolina and northern Alabama.

305. GASTRODONTA ELLIOTTI (Redf.). Same distribution.

306. GASTRODONTA INTERNA (Say). Ohio to northern Florida,

chiefly in Tennessee; West Virginia; northern Alabama.

Subgenus Taxeodonta Pilsbry, 1898.

307. GASTRODONTA SIGNIFICANS (Bld.). Fort Gibson, Indian

Terr.; Union Co., Tenn.

Tue NautILus.

Vou. XI. APRIL, 1898. No. 12.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AMERICAN LAND SHELLS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Punctum clappi n. sp.

Shell minute, openly umbilicated, yellowish-brown, with depressed,

nearly level spire, and cylindroid whorls. Whorls 33, the earlier

13 smoothish, finely pitted, the last 1 or 14 whorls sculptured with

elevated lamin running with the increment-lines, 30 to over 40 on

the last whorl, the intervals closely striated and showing fine spiral

striation; suture impressed, descending in front; umbilicus deep

and open, its width contained between 34 and 33 times in greatest

diameter of shell. Aperture short oval, higher than wide, somewhat

oblique, but little excised by the previous whorl.

Alt. 1:1~1'2, greatest diam. 2 mm.

Seattle (Randolph) and Tacoma (Hemphill), Washington ; Salem,

Oregon (Hemphill).

My attention was called to this form some years ago, but its de-

termination at this time is due to Mr. George H. Clapp, who insist-

ing that the shells were neither Punetum conspectum nor Pyramidula

astericus, induced me to review the group.

P. (Planogyra) asteriscus is even flatter above; the umbilicus is

wider, one-third the diameter, and more open ; the cuticular lamelle

are more widely spaced and fewer, 19-25 on the last whorl, and the

aperture is relatively smaller.

Punctum conspectum, which also occurs at Seattle, has a much

more elevated spire, decidedly narrower umbilicus, less than one-

fourth the diameter of the shell, and the aperture is different in

shape, wider than high.

134 THE NAUTILUS.

On some specimens of P. clappi the elevated lamelle are in part

subobsolete.

Dentition not yet examined, so that the species may turn out to

be a Planogyra rather than a Punctum.

Punctum californicum n. sp.

Similar to P. conspectum in the small, deep umbilicus and color.

Spire somewhat more elevated; whorls fully 4, closely revolving,

the last decidedly narrower than in conspectum (viewed from above).

Surface lusterless, with fine, even, hair-like striation, and in places

showing faint traces of spiral strie. Umbilicus narrow and deep,

its width contained 44 times in greatest diameter of the shell. Aper-

ture wider than high, shaped much as in P. conspectum.

Alt. 1:14, greatest diam. 1°85 mm.

Fish Camp, Fresno Co., California.

Gastrodonta (Taxeodonta) lamellidens n. sp.

Shell similar to G. multidentata, but larger, with an additional

whorl, and instead of radial rows of teeth having partition-like

radial barriers, generally three in the young, one, not far within, in

the adult shell. Alt. 1°6, diam. 3°7 mm.

Thunderhead, Great Smoky Mts.

This is one of Mr. J. H. Ferriss’ finds.. It was only obtained in

small numbers, but probably is abundant, overlooked on account

of the small size. I have not heard of G. multidentata being found

so far south as this. .

Gastrodonta collisella percallosa n. var.

Shell similar to G. collisella or a small ligera with globose base ;

having an extremely heavy callus within the outer and basal walls

of the aperture, extending about one-third whorl inward ; no lamella.

Whorls 74. Size of G. collisella.

Mr. Geo. H. Clapp, of Pittsburgh, Pa., when in Philadelphia

lately, called my attention to this form. Upon examining the col-

lection of the Academy, two trays of it were found, one set collected

by A. G. Wetherby (who also supplied Mr. Clapp’s specimens), on

the Tennessee river, 3 miles above Chattanooga, Hamilton Co., the

other by G, A. Lathrop, at Nashville, Tenn. In correspondence

with Mr. Wetherby some years ago, we mutually agreed that the

shells were a small, heavily calloused variety of G. ligera; but upon

reconsideration I am disposed to rank them rather with G. collisella.

THE NAUTILUS. 135

A NEW SUBGENUS OF CORALLIOPHAGA.

BY W. H. DALL.

Oryctomya n. subg.

Shell with the form of Coralliophaga, the surface with radiating

very fine lines of minute granulations as in Eucharis; hinge with

one slender, transverse, more or less trifid cardinal in each valve,

that in the left valve larger, and a slender almost linear tooth on

the anterior lower surface of the nymph in each valve; an obscure

projection on the cardinal margin in front of the cardinal in the left

valve; no lateral teeth; pallial sinus short, angular, the adductor

scars large and strong, the inner margins of the valves plain. Type

C. (0.) elaibornensis Dall.

This subgenus differs from Coralliophaga in its surface and den-

tition, and has the pallial sinus more distinct and angular. It has

the boring habit, the valves are therefore often irregular, the younger

ones are thinner, more regular, and with the adductor scars less

evident. Coralliophaga prima Harris (Bull. Pal. 1X, p. 60, pl. 18,

figs. 4, 5, 1897), from the Lignitic, may be congeneric, but I have

seen no specimens, and the dentition is different according to the

description.

C. (Oryctomya) claibornensis Dall.

Shell elongate oval with low beaks, quite anterior, moderately

inflated, somewhat mesially impressed; surface with incremental

lines which in senile specimens sometimes become lamellose near the

posterior end; radial sculpture of rows of small globular granules

easily worn off and almost microscopic; ends rounded, the posterior

broader ; hinge teeth delicate, somewhat pedunculate and slender in

the adult; pallial sinus not extending in front of the posterior ad-

ductor scar ; pallial line in senile specimens radially striated.

Lon. 36, alt. 19, diam. 14 mm.

Claiborne sands, at Claiborne, Ala., Burns.

This species is readily recognized by its peculiar surface. It will

be illustrated in a publication now in press.

NOTES AND NEWS.

How Can He CLean’em?—A collector asks “ How can I get

the livers out of my shells? Is there an acid that will eat liver and

136 THE NAUTILUS.

let the shell alone; or, is there some absorbent that will contract

when cool or in the process of drying that will bring it out? I have

put my snails in boiling water, guessing at the cooking necessary for

the different varieties, but often I cannot extract the whole animel,

leaving a portion to discolor the spire.”

For cleaning the exterior of water shells I find fine table salt

about the correct thing. Rub it on with a piece of cloth or the hand.

It has grit enough to remove lime, alge and iron stains without be-

ing firm enough to scratch the epidermis. Often a weak solution of

muriatic acid assists in removing iron stains and lime, and brightens

the colors. Rinse thoroughly, and when dry rub over lightly with

raw linseed oil.—J As. H. FERRIss.

Notes oN soME Pupip#.—The perusal of the account of the

Pupide in the new Catalogue suggests the following comments.

Pupa montanella (p. 119) is not concinnula, but is a weak form of

pentodon, found in Custer Co., Colorado. The name has never been

sanctioned by a description, and should be dropped. P. pentodon,

it may be remarked, was originally the type of Vertigopsis, as I had

it in my MS.; but in Naurivus, January, 1893, Dr. Sterki takes

curvidens as the type, and this must now hold good. Ancey’s un-

published descriptions of his two forms of P. inger'solli are as follows :

“War. (?) haydeni Ane. Testa preecedenti [ingerso/ii] statura

formaque simillima, sed dentibus palatalibus 3 parallelis et sequali-

bus, elongatis, nec. 2, discrepans. Cunningham Gulch (Ingersolli).”

“Var. accedens, Anc., Testa typo similis, sed tuberculo parietali

distincto prope dentem armata.” (May, 1890). Pupa sublubrica

is hardly muscorum; a figure communicated by Mr. Ancey shows,

besides a strong parietal tooth, one on the outer wall, and also an

obtuse one on the columella. The figure appears to me to represent

a form of blandi. In May, 1890, Mr. Ancey (in Jitt.) states that

hebes was near to muscorum, and criticised Binney for putting it

under arizonensis; thus it appears probable that gabbi may stand.

At that time (1890) a new name was proposed in MS. by Ancey for

arizonensis, W. G. B., but it was not published. It may be as well

to remark here that the name Holospira remeri var. minor, published

(Nautitus, VI, 6) by Dr. Sterki, without description, belongs to

W. G. Binney’s var. 7, Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 422.—T. D.

A. COCKERELL.

THE NAUTILUS. 137

RECENT PUBLICATIONS.

Appenprx TO MARINE SHELLS OF SouTH AFRICA, by G. B.

Sowerby (30 pp.,3 pl.). The total number of species is brought up

to 1051 in this appendix. Among numerous new forms may be

mentioned Fulgur africanum, a form resembling young F. carica ;

two fine Ancillas, a Basterotia and several new forms of Scintilla as

as of special interest. The rare Voluta festiva Lam. is also recorded.

ARMATURE OF HELICcoID Lanp Sets. Mr. G. K. Gude still

continues his series of articles under this head in Science- Gossip.

The extensive genus Plectopylis still furnishes species for description

and illustration. In this group, as in many other genera of land

snails, the most important characters for distinguishing species, and

for their grouping, are to be seen only by ectitting the shell to expose

the peculiar system of internal barriers and teeth. In some species

of Plectopylis these are wonderfully complex, forming truly a

* crooked gateway.” It must be said that in these papers Mr. Gude

supplies a large amount of information not elsewhere to be found.

THE VARIATIONS AND MuraTions OF THE INTRODUCED Lit-

TORINA, by Hermon C. Bumpus (Zool. Bulletin I, No. 5, p. 247,

February, 1898). ‘The observations recorded in this communica-

tion were made for the purpose of ascertaining additional facts rela-

tive to the variability of ‘introduced species.’ ”

Tittorina littorea is selected for study. First collected at Bathurst

on the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1856, the southward migration of the

species is traced to New Haven (1880). 10,000 shells were collected

from ten American, and 3,000 from three English localities for

measurement and weighing, the results being summarized as follows :

“We may then conclude that the periwinkle, subjected to a new

environment, and presumably emancipated from many of the re-

straining influences of natural selection, has become in any and all

American localities :

“T and II, more variable in its stature. III, more variable in its

course of growth. IV, more variable in weight. V, more variable

in bulk. VI, more variable in limitations and boundaries of the

color patterns.

“ While presenting these extremes of variation, the American type

of Littorina littorea, when compared with the European type, is more

elongated, lighter in weight, more bulky, and the color markings

are less pronounced.”

138 THE NAUTILUS.

308. GASTRODONTA ANDREWS (W. G. B.). Mountains of

North Carolina along the Tennessee boundary.

309. GASTRODONTA MULTIDENTATA (Binn.). Quebec and Ont.

to Michigan, south to New York and Ohio.

310. GASTRODONTA LAMELLIDENS Pils. | Clingman’s Dome,

Great Smoky Mts.

Genus PRISTILJMA Ancey, 1857.

311. PristrtomMA LANstncI (Bld.). Astoria, Oregon to Van-

couver Island.

312. PristrLoMA sTEARNSI (Bld.). Oregon, Washington, Brit-

ish Columbia, Pt. Barrow, Alaska. (Hyalina arctica Lehnert,

Science Record, June, 1884, is asynonym.).

Family LIMACIDZ.

Genus LIMAX L.

313. Lrmax Maximus L. Seaports and principal cities of east

and west coasts. New Braunfels, Texas.

314. Lrrax FLAvus L. Seaports and principal cities of the

Atlantic seaboard, Boston to Charleston, S. C. (LL. variegatus

Drap. is the same).

Genus AGRIOLIMAX Morch, 1868.

315. AGRIOLIMAX AGRESTIS (L.). Seaports of east and west

coasts, often spreading well inland. There are many named color-

forms.

316. AGRIOLIMAX CAMPESTRIS (Binn.). Entire U.S. Varieties

occidentalis Coop., montanus and castaneus Ing., ingersolli W. G. B.,

hyperboreus West., anda number of color-forms have been described.

317. AGRIOLIMAX HEMPHILLI (W.G. B.). Julian City, Cal.;

San Tomas, Lower Cal. A color-variety pictus Ckll. 1s described.

Genus AMALIA Mogq., 1855.

318. AMALIA HEWSTONI (Coop.). Seattle, Wash. to San Diego

Co., Cal. May be identical with the European A. gagates.

Family ARIONIDA.

Subfamily Arioninege Pilsbry.

Genus ARION Fér.

5319. Arron HORTENSIS Fér. Boston and New Bedford, Mass. ;

Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; Seattle, Washington. Introduced from

Europe.

THE NAUTILUS. 189

Genus PROPHYSAON W. G. Binney.

320. PRopPHYSAON ANDERSONI (Coop.). Middle California to

Vancouver Island.

321. PRopHysAON FOLIOLATUM (Gld.). Seattle, Olympia, and

Puget Sound region, Washington.

322. PROPHYSAON C@RULEUM Ckll. Seattle and Olympia, Wash-

ington.

323. PropHysaon FAscraAtuM Ckll. Old Mission, Idaho: Che-

halis and Seattle, Washington.

Genus ANADENULUS Cockerell.

324. ANADENULUS COCKERELLI (Hemph.). Cuyamanca Mts.,

San Diego Co., Cal.

Subfamily Ariolimacine Pilsbry.

Genus HESPERARION Simroth.

325. HESPERARION NIGER (Coop.). Neighborhood of San

Francisco Bay.

326. HESPERARION HEMPHILLI(W.G. B.). Niles Station, Ala-

meda Co., California.

Genus APHALLARION Pils. & Van.

327. APHALLARION BUTTON! Pils. & Van. Oakland to Santa

Cruz, Cal. (Ariolimax hecoxi Weth., undescribed, is said to be the

same).

Genus ARIOLIMAX Morch.

328. ARIOLIMAX COLUMBIANUS (Gld.). | Middle Cal. to British

Coiumbia. The black-blotched form maculatus Ckll. occurs through-

out the same range.

328a. ARIOLIMAX COLUMBIANUS STRAMINEUS Hemph. Santa

Cruz Island, Cal.

329. ARIOLIMAX CALIFORNICUS Cooper. San Mateo, Santa

Clara and Santa Cruz counties, California.

Genus HEMPHILLIA Binn. & Bld.

330. HEMPHILLIA GLANDULOSA B. & B. Puget Sound region

to Astoria, Oregon.

331. HEMPHILLIA CAMELUS Pils. & Van. Old Mission, Idaho.

140 THE NAUTILUS.

Genus BINNEYA Cooper.

332, BINNEYA NOTABILIS Cooper. Santa Barbara Island, Cal. ;

Guadelupe I., Lower Cal.

Family PHILOMYCIDZ.

Genus PHILOMYCUS (Raf.) Fér.

333. PHILOMYCUS CAROLINENSIS (Bosc). Canada to Florida,

west to Iowa and Texas.

Subgenus Pallifera Morse, 1864.

334. PHILOMYCUS DORSALIS Binn. New England and New York.

335. PHILOMYCUS WETHERBY! (W.G. B.). Whitley Co., Ky.

336. PHILOMYCUS HEMPHILLI (W.G.B.). Mt. Mitchell, N.C.;

Lula, Hall Co., Ga.

307. PHILOMYCUS PENNSYLVANICus Pils. Mountains of southern

Pennsylvania.

Family ENDODONTID# Pilsbry.

Subfamily Endodontinez Pils.

Genus PYRAMIDULA Fitzinger, 1833.

Subgenus Patula Held, 1837.

338. PYRAMIDULA ALTERNATA (Say). Quebec and Ontario to

Minnesota, south to Comal Co., Texas.

Forms fergusoni Bld. and carinata auct. are distinguishable.

338a. PYRAMIDULA ALTERNATA MORDAX (Shuttl.). West Vir-

ginia, East Tennessee.

339. PyYRAMIDULA CUMBERLANDIANA (Lea). Marion and

Franklin counties, Tenn. ; Jackson Co., Ala.; n.-w. Georgia.

340. PYRAMIDULA SOLITARIA (Say). Obio and central Mississ-

ippi Valleys, south to Arkansas; Northern Idaho, Eastern Oregon.

The Western form has been called var. occidentalis v. Martens, but

it has only slight differential characters.

340a. PYRAMIDULA SOLITARIA LIMITARIS Dawson. Waterton

Lake, Rocky Mts., British America.

341. PyRamMrpULA stTRicosa (Gld.). Rocky Mt. region and

Great Basin, from State of Sonora, Mexico, north to Wyoming and

Washington.

341a. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA IDAHOENSIS (Newe.). Idaho, be-

tween Idaho City and Coeur d’Aléne.

341b. PyRAMIDULA STRIGOSA NEWCOMBI (Hemph.). North of

Ogden, Utah. Form wasatchensis Hemph., near Ogden.

THE NAUTILUS. 141

341c. PyRAMIDULA STRIGOSA BINNEYI (Hemph.). Box Elder

Co., Utah. Forms cooperi, multicostata, castanea, albofasciata and

buttoni Hemph., same locality. Form gouldi Hemph., banks of

Bear River, north of Brigham City, Utah.

341d. PyRaMIDULA sTRIGOSA (Gld.) typical. Spokane, Wash-

ington. Var. parma Hemphill is a synonym.

341e. PyRAMIDULA STRIGOSA JUGALIS (Hemph.). Salmon

River, Idaho. Form interswm Hemph., same locality.

341f. PyRAMIDULA STRIGOSA SUBCARINATA (Hemph.). Rath-

drum, Idaho. Includes forms swbearinata, bicolor, lactea and picta

Hemph.

341g. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA COOPERI (W.G.B.). Colorado,

ete. Form globulosa Ckll., Summit Co.., trifasciata Ckll., Mesa Co.,

confluens Ckll., Custer, Garfield and Mesa Cos., e/evata Ckll., Delta

Co., major Ckll., Mesa Co., minor Ckll. near Egeria, Routt Co., all

Colorado.

341h. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA IOWENSIS Pils. Loess at Iowa

City, Iowa (extinct).

341i. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA CONCENTRATA Dall. Summits of

the Hachita Grande and Huachuca Mts., New Mexico and Ari-

zona.

341}. PYRAMIDULA STRIGOSA HAYDENI (Gabb). Utah. Form

hemphilli Newe., Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Utah and Colorado;

form gabbiana Hemph., Near Salt Lake City ; form b:wneri Ancey

(oquirrhensis Hemph.), Oquirrh Mts., Utah; form hybrida Hemph.,

near Logan, Utah.

Subgenus Gonyodiscus Fitz.

342. PYRAMIDULA PERSPECTIVA (Say). Minnesota to Texas,

east to the Atlantic, but wanting from the Middle States east of the

Alleghenies, and from New England, Canada.

343. PyRAMIDULA BRYANTI (Harper). Mitchell Co., N. C.

344. PYRAMIDULA STRIATELLA (Anth.). Ontario to Winnepeg,

Manitoba, Montana and Vancouver Id., south to New Mexico and

Arizona. Kern River region, Cal.

344a, PYRAMIDULA STRIATELLA CATSKILLENSIS Pils, Tanners-

ville valley, Catskill Mts.

344b. PyYRAMIDULA STRIATELLA CRONKHITEI (Newe.). Klamath

valley, Oregon. Nevada and California.

142 THE NAUTILUS.

Subgenus Planogyra Morse, 1864,

345, PyRAMIDULA ASTERISCUS (Morse). Quebec, Ont. and Maine

(to Vancouver Island ?).

Genus HELICODISCUS Morse, 1864.

346. Hexicopiscus LingaTus (Say). Ontario and Quebec to

Florida, west to Rio Chama and White Oaks, New Mexico.

347. HELIcopIscUs FIMBRIATUS Wetherby. Tellico Plains, Tenn.

A variety is reported from Indian Territory.

Subfamily Punctinee ( Vel Polyplacognatha).

Genus PUNCTUM Morse.

348. puNctum PyGmMaum (Drap.). Quebec, Manitoba and

northern States; Texas; California, Vancouver Id.

349. PuNcTUM RANDOLPHII (Dall). Seattle, Washington.

390. PunctuM consPEcTUM (Bld.). Middle California to Van-

couver Id. and Sitka.

350a. PUNCTUM CONSPECTUM PASADEN Pils. Pasadena, Cali-

fornia.

391. Puncrum cLapP! Pilsbry. Seattle and Tacoma, Washington ;

Salem, Oregon.

352. PUNCTUM CALIFORNICUM Pilsbry. Fish Camp, Fresno Co.

Cal.

Genus SPHYRADIUM Charp.

393. SPHYRADIUM EDENTULUM (Drap.). Ontario to Vancouver

Id. Vertigo simplex Gld._ A longer cylindrical form, a/ticola Inger-

soll, occurs in the Rocky Mts., Colorado, ete., and Mississippi valley

Loess.

(Superfamily ELASMOGNA THA.)

Family SUCCINEIDZ.

Genus SUCCINEA Drap.

(Amphibine.)

(The species of this section are variable and extremely difficult to

define from the shells alone, and the soft anatomy is as yet practic-

ally unknown).

354. SuccCINEA SALLEANA Pfr. New Orleans and Alexandria,

La.; Gloucester, N. J.

355. SuccineEA EFFuSA “Shutt.” Pfr. Florida.

THE NAUTILUS. 143

356. SUCCINEA SILLIMANI Bld. Nevada, California.

357. SuccinEA HIGGINSI Bld. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie.

358. SuccINEA RETUSA Lea. Canada to Montana, southward to

Georgia. Includes S. ovalis Gld. not Say, S. forsheyi Lea, S. wilsoni

Lea, S. calumetensis Calkins, S. peoriensis Wolf.

358a. SUCCINEA RETUSA MAGISTER Pils. Mississippi valley from

Tennessee to Minnesota: Michigan.

358b. SuccINEA RETUSA DECAMPI Tryon. Michigan.

359. SuCCINEA NUTTALLIANA Lea. Washington to California.

360. SuccINEA HAYDENI W.G. Binn. Nebraska to Utah. A

form minor W. G. B. is recorded from Great Slave Lake.

361. SuccINEA HAWKINS! Baird. Lake Osoyoos, B. C.

(Neritostome.)

362. SuccINEA OBLIQUA Say. Canada to Montana, south to

Nebraska, Arkansas and Georgia.

362a. SUCCINEA OBLIQUA TOTTENIANA Lea. Canada to Middle

States.

( Campestres. )

363. SUCCINEA CAMPESTRIS Say. Georgia and Florida. 8S. i-

flata Lea is a synonym.

363a, SUCCINEA CAMPESTRIS UNICOLOR Tryon. New Orleans,

La.

364. SuccINEA LUTEOLA Gld. Texas; western Florida to the

Keys.

365. SuCCINEA CONCORDIALIS Gld. Lake Concordia, Texas.

366. SuCCINEA GROSVENORII Lea. Louisiana, Mississippi and

Texas north through Kansas and Nebraska to Great Slave Lake ;

Colorado, Montana and Utah. Synonyms are S. lineata Binn. not

DeKay, mooresiana Lea, greert Tryon. Forms elonguta (Kremml-

ing, Colo.) and rufescens Ckll. (Lee Co., Texas) are described.

(Lucene. )

367. SUCCINEA AVARA Say. Canada to Georgia, west to Minn.,

Mont., Utah, Texas, California. Forms alba Ckll., Custer Co., Col.

wardiana Lea, vermetu Say, compacta Ckll., major Binn. are de-

scribed.

368. SUCCINEA AUREA Lea. New York, Ohio. 8S. haleana Lea,

Alexandria, La., is probably synonymous.

369. SuccINEA VERRILLI Bland. Anticusti Island.

144 THE NAUTILUS.

370. SuccinEA OREGONENSIS Lea. San Diego to Oregon; Utah;

[daho. .

370a, SUCCINEA OREGONENSIS GABBI Tryon. Utah, Wyoming,

eastern Oregon.

371. SuccrNEA RuSTICANA Gld. Oregon, Cal., Nevada.

372. SUCCINEA STRETCHIANA Bld. Nevada, Idaho, Cal.

373. SUCCINEA GROENLANDICA Beck. Greenland.

(Laute.)

374. SuccingeA cHRysIs Westerl. Port Clarence, St. Michaels

and Kadiak, Alaska.

374a. SUCCINEA CHRYSIS AURELIA Martens. Port Clarence,

Alaska.

374b. SuccINEA ANNEXA Westerl. Port Clarence, Alaska.

These three are probably mere variations of one species. They be-

long to an Asiatic group of the genus. 8. chrysis occurs also on the

Siberian side of the strait.

Suborder Teletremata Pilsbry.

Family VAGINULIDE.

Genus VAGINULUS Fér.

375. VAGINULUS FLORIDANUS Binn. Florida Keys, Charlotte

Harbor and Punta Rassa.

VAGINULUS ? Lobitos, Cal. (Stearns, as V. olivacea).

[ Nore.—tThe family Onchidiide belongs to this suborder, but as

its species are not really terrestrial in habit, it is omitted from this

list of land snails. The Auriculide, and especially Carychium, and

Pomatiopsis lapidaria, might with greater propriety be included ;

but it has been thought best to omit them. ].

Upon THE PRINCIPLES OF NOMENCLATURE AND THEIR APPLI-

CATION TO THE GENERA OF Recent Mo.uusca, by J. Cosmo

Melvill; being the Presidential Address delivered before the Con-

chological Society of Great Britain, September 19, 1896. This ad-

dress embodies a very readable sketch of the history of nomenclature,

from the pre-Linnzan authors to the present time, with a list of

mollusean genera about the names of which difference of opinion

exists, observations upon the nomenclature of certain genera, and

suggestions for the betterment in the future of the existing condi-

tion of the subject.

Tie

AUTILUS

A MONTHLY JOURNAL

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF

CONCHOLOGISTS.

VOL, Sei

MAY 1898, to APRIL, 1899.

PHILADELPHIA:

Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON.

N DEX

teri NN AUTILUS, Vie lh.

INDEX TO TITLES AND SPECIES DESCRIBED.

peer

Achatinide, note on the generic names of two groups of....... 92

Amnicola missouriensis Pilsbry. D.sp..-.---.-----.---.++--+5- 43

Amnicola Walkeri Pilsbry, n. sp......-- Fe CE I Pane cee 43

Amnicolidz, notes on new and little Known............... .... 42

Ammnicolide of the Western U nite@metates --. .......-----.:% 121

PO nAri einen Wall, 0. (Sp... . AE ace 2 A Sait OTD

Anodonta imbecillis, hermaphrodiae >. oh) Seer? ea 87

Ashmunella Pilsbry and Cockerellfmagen...........-...-..---: 107

Ashmunella pseudodonta (Dall) capitanensis Ashmun and

Gockerelli my. sub-sp.... . . . Sigmar - OE een! cs!

ibeudome. © .P, (ObiuiaaAry).... : See tess iece wae ea cee 80

Bifidaria Ashmuni, a new species of Pupide........ rere see ts)

Prodaria Ashimuni form: minor. .aaeege-: ---:--2s- 62s. tafaes) #92

ipendaria, Mulliana Sterki, 0. sp... MeMeeee: 2.6.26 + ewes ss oye: gl

Bifidaria hordeacella Pils, var. ie Sit Keli Welty <= ety) 128

Bifidaria perversa Sterki, n. sp. 1 coo Oe arc eee 99

Bifidaria quadridentata ,Sterki. n. sp.. “fe HAM e ane ee. MO

Biologia Centrali Americana, Mollaten: Geview) Nes rive ee co 11

CHE OVE Sie) IGS... 0 52) eer i 132

Ceres Nelsoni Dall, n. sp....... e. Ae ean ne 2!

Cerion Fordii Pils. & Van. (Figs. moo Re “ey (a teg a NL ee 27

Sean Enisbiry: Pils. & Van. (Wieeeiia: 2-:5.:s-..2.-222 08. 27

emicaro drainage canal, a day on theee..-.......:.-...:..2..-- 63

nN MOLES ON Tew .:.------- SOMMeeen be euss il. oleate. 50

Seanectine im the Great Smokies. Jgemeas,o.: 2.2.2.6: ek oe PEGE

Collecting shells in the Klondike country ..................-... 109

Columbella avara in Brazil and Uruguay.... ................. 45

Conchology in the Klondike...........:.. PP A dopa ote Sh eine 24

Conulus chersinus dentatus Sterki..-...... Se cinstse). co's AAG, Uh gta

Conulus chersinus polvgyratus Pils., m. var...........:.... Bh ay

Conus: Cheraimin (Sanya... ... SEMeMEIRRNR crate nie) fols es ecw ew 116

Conulus chersinus trochulus ( Reinhardt)...................... 116

Conulus fulvaigalaskensis Pils.,. Daywgiesee 0. <-s6s ees ers ss ea 116

Conulus fulyasmortont. (Jeffrey s\eeeoerees 2 s&s cee renews 115

(iii)

iv THE NAUTILUS.

CGonulus fullyvus (Muller). .<. <a.

METI SSE Ss 115

Conulus, remarks on the American species of ol. Fae 113

Crosse; M-:H'.—In Memoriam. ;: -.28aee.--..--..-.- eee 104

Crossopoma enganoense Henderson, n. sp. (PI. IL. figs. 1, 2,3.) 17

Cycladid, some studies on the morphology of the............ 117

Cyclostrema Dautzenbergianum Ancey, n,sp.................. - 54

Cyprea Rashitighana, note on... lees... .........6 eee 80

De Camp, William Henry (Obituary, with portrait).......... 61

Descriptions of new species and varieties of American Zonitide

and Endodontide . ....... 23: 5 Bee: ---- +... 22s ee eee 85

Diplommatina liwaensis Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. 1, figs. 3, 4.)-..... 4

Mrillia empyrosia Dall. nisp. eee: ...... 8 eee 127

Enneastrictilabris Ancey, n. n for E.microstoma,Smith, preoe. 72

Epiphragmophora arrosa var. expansilabris, Pils.,n. var......

Epiphragmophora tudiculata var. umbilicata Pils., n. var...... 22

Eluminicola columbiana Hemphill sp...22....-s....g2 agen 125

Hluminicola erythropoma Pils., nggp-....-.-.........! 22

iceMenenias: coe os: - = --~ sae ereee ,. FRR 36

Kueus:Roneri Dall, n. sp. (Califormia)........... 2.22.7... 4

(Gastrodonta Clappi Pils ;n. sp.: ame. :-......-. 72 aeeess aoe 86

Gastrodonta coelaxis Pils., n. sp.3gae.........+. 2+ Nek ooeee ee 140

Gastrodonta macilenta Shuttl.. .. aie ....:.-...0). 2.2 eee 140

General notes..............9, 23, 36845, 59, 71, 80, 95, 107, 119) 431 a

Haliotis Cracherodii var. Californiensis, Swainson........ .. 79

Haliotis fulgens var. Walallensis Stearns, n. var...........-.... 106

HalisiViUs, NOC ON: . <3. 4: 2. see >. ee Be |

Helix disparilis Ancey, n. sp- (P12 Wie. 13.) ....... ci. see

Hehx Lowet Fer......... ois sey. - 3. 2042

interglacial enclls a at Tor Gute: ae ‘atin. 6. 6

Isaac Lea Department of the Agassiz Renae lation. .~..3.-8,.8o2—gee

Ischnochiton oniscus Krauss, and I. Elizabethensis Pilsbry,

MOLES OMe). 66 os. oat es Ee 3. 2 agg one er 41

Ischnochiton Mitsukurii Pilsbry, n. sp.-......-..-..... es ee 51

Lagocheilus marangensis Aldrich, n. sp. (PJ. I, fig. 5.)........ 3

Land shells of Gun Cay, Bahamas (Illustrated)................ 26

Lanx patelloides Lea, in Shasta Coy Cal........:.....+., 2:5 60

Lepidopleurus Meneghinii var.? Dautzenbergi, Ancey,n. var. 55

Leptopoma Fultoni Aldrich, n. sp. (PI. I, figs. 11, 12.)......... :

Limnea gracilis at Reed’s Lake, Maeh............. «++... 119, 131

List of land and fresh water shells of Enganio, with descriptions

of new species. (Illustrated.)... ....... o: s.dadine Sener 13

List of marine shells collected at Port Gueydon, K-bylia, with

description of a new Cyclosirema, etc............--....:: 52

Lvogyrus granum (Say)... .....- sp -hae- ee cess ee ee eee 42

Macroceramus floridanus Pils., n. Sp-.--....----+---+eeeseeeees 28

Macroceramus texanus Pils., n. sp....--- +--+. eee ee ee wane ees 23

THE NAUTILUS,

Macrochlamys Dohertyi Henderson, n. sp. (P1. II. figs. 8, 9.)-.-.

Mariaella Dussumerieri, note on...........-- SSE sent og et gC

Melampus floridanus Shuttl. in Maryland..........-..-..-..-.

Melania (Melanoides) badia Henderson, n. sp. (P1. IT, fig 7.)...

Melania (Melanoides) hercula Gld. var. (PI. IT, fig. 6.).........

Mippneke of the Sreat African Lakesee...... --+..-:-..-+-2.+--

pemrerndia, Pils. a. Van, 0 sub-g pee... eee le eee ae ae

Mca GuUAS Dall. TWSp.... MME. s-.ce) cl eee eee @-

Mytilus Stearnsi Pils. & Raym.. n.n.(Vol. XILI, pl. I. fige. 1,

i adion ootin Ande CORRE - 0 0 Us sa oeeGoneEoee sn anat

Nanina(Hemiplecta) marangensis Aldrich. n. sp.’ PI. [.figs. 9, 10

Powe smieriean lang: SHELIS,..... ...gmeRi= == es oe

Newramarcan lana shell. (Lllustratedheee+.....2...-.--s. 5.

New species and varieties of American land shells..............

Womenclature of some African shellg.-.-..--.-...-.-.---....

moron Mollusks from Arcadia, M@giees =. 22... gine wee

Notes on some land and fresh water shells from Sumatra, with

description of new species. ( [lmetrated.).............-.5.

Notes on Uruguay and Argentine fresh water shells, supple-

mental to the list in NAUTILUS X, pp. 76-S1...............

Woontestomus, notes on the genus .geeee.:. 22:5... . 22. wee ene

Olivella Blanesi Ford, n. sp. (Vol. XLII, pl. I, fig. 4

Smapnains talizinosa polita Pils., Weyar... 2... -. vee. ee

Omphalotropis (Selenomphala) dohertyi Aldrich, u sp. (PI. I,

figs. eR Mate © Pei...) OE. Fars Be Aare

PMGestrina tnaitator Pils., N.S). Seep +. 4. cpeer eee es ces oe

Palidestring otearnsiana Pils., 0. SWReeeis. 2... 2. .- a0 senses oe

Pennsylvanian mollusks from the Ohio River system below

APA S DUO MCE ec ae... MMM ce ws ac clgee orton =

Pisidium fallax var. sepentrionale Sterki. n. var................

PRN teOPeErL OUCLKI, Nl: SP... .. MMMM occ). cscs ccted ee ces oc

Pisidium Walkeri var. mainense Sterki, mn. var................

-Planispira Aldrichi Henderson, n. sp (PI. IT, figs. 4, 5.).......

Planorbis dilatatus Gld. in a abet ee a eee so ines Se

Polygyra altissima Cockerell, n. ieee Wet IMESICO): 2 5

Polygvra edvardsi Bld. at Fiza boule TREAT ae oe ae ae

Polygyra lawe var. tallulahensis Piis. n. var.,.........0.+....

Pole yin mMoriyssd, Dalen. sp... Maeemeer ss ss... es. cscs eke

Polyeyra postelliana sabelausa Pile@eyar. 2.0... .2..- 2... a

Polygyra richardsoni lingualis Pils., n var hah

Polygyva rhyssa var. hy porhvssa Cockerell, un. var ...... -.---

Rolyevra Reperrin Shasta Count yet@ale-s...... 1... . 5. se.

Polygyra tridentata var. complanata Pils. n. var ...........-.-

Eematiopsia calitornica Pils., n spaeeeeeeeer ss. .-.. 630. see

Postage on Natural History specimens to foreign countries. ...

Potamolithus jacuhyeusis Pils , n. sp

Giallo! leini= ius) '=) 09 69) 16 «eq © 1°)? *0 © @ ©

2. “I Ww bo

wow or

— et

Sees iy casei

no}

rw Ww

(=~)

Vi THE NAUTILUS

Prosopeas argeutea Henderson, n. sp. (PI. II, fig. 10).......... . Me

Pieronoius Carpenteri Dall; n: spies. -...:...-.. ocemeeeee .. 138

Publications received. .: .. +. -\..0< saameeee- - 10, 33, 47, 60, 72, 81, 93, 108

Pupea Hopp Moller... ..:..0.5. Sees: > 1+. <¢¢c8 gee 104

Pupa (Neartula) superioris Pils. n.sp.............. 200k os nn

Bupa CPupila) sonorana Sterki, Heme. -......:. i. ceeeeoeeeee 128

Pupa (Pupilla) sonorana var. tenella Sterki, n. var....... vs oh gba ite

Up He DIEM . 2... ose a oe OS. Oe oer 127

Pyramidula Cockerelli, Pils... speee..............2-35e ee 85

Pyramidula striatella catskillensis Pils,, n. var...............- 86

Pyramidula strigosa (young)... Fee... ens note eee 24

Quarternary fossil shells, Long Begen. Cal .......-.....-2aeeee ff

Ravenia Hollandi Henderson, n. sp. (figured).................- 25

Roper, Edward W., In Memoriamige......<. o.2...%2+~ cee eeeee 129

San Diego, California, as a collecting ground.................: 88

Septifer bifarcatus Conrad, note/@am....-. 2... .2.teren see 69

Septifer bifurcatus Rve. and Mytilus bifurcatus Conrad, an in-

terrogation in regard to .-<2ie...:.:...... see 67

Shallcross, John (Obituary) ........ Sic 41.3356 95

Shell collecting at Mt. Desert, Mame... ......5:.~<.. 0. seeeeeeeaee 73

Shells of Redding, Shasta [email protected].:9:- 52s 59

Sitala carinifera Stol. var. marangensis n. var., Aldrich (PI I,

1) EA tA e en 2

Spherium lilgcashense Baker, nwepe...... 2.22.22. ene 65

Spixia Fals,and Van n. subg. Oame......... 2025. oem eee a7

Snecimea retusa tmagister Pils, Magee... .<....... .. oes eee eee 103

Terebra tesaue. Dall, n. sp... ac. Geert <=... 00h one oe 45

Trochomorpha Dohertyi Aldrich, n. sp (PI. 1, figs 7. 8)....... 4

Unio complanatus Sol. at New Philadelphia, Ohio ............ 24

finropcolleching...-...... 2.5. o2 Mey 0s 60 ce 8

Unio cvlindricus Say, var. strigillatus Wright, n. var....-..... 6

Unio therinegt Wright, n. sp... dibae.s<-..:... koe eee 93

mo strodeanus Wricht, n. sp. gee ---...: << epee 3

Uimiowallosus Wricht, n- Sp.<0: See, 63+... .. cake eee eeaes 8

Unionidae, migration of.-. 2p +... - ote a eee 139

Unionide, some observations on the genital organs with refer-

ence to classification. . .-..-2e-. - weve ore el LOD

Urosalpinx cinereus in San Francisco Bay.............-.-----+ 112

Vallonis ontme Pacitiic. Coast... dames <- 0. 5s < ong eee eee 60, 71

Vitrea carolinensis, Cockerel)...0e9.--..-....... 2.24. =...265nnn

Vitiea indentata var. umbilicata Simgley...........-----.-.:2=8 120

Vitrea, notes on the indentata group of.............---..s0--9 120

Vitrea Rhoadsi Pils., o, sp. ... <-geeteve et 4s «9.2 <s oh ol 101

Vitrea sculptilisBid......:... 0.2) .Geeeebem ss ea > <a +o a ee 120

Zonitoides Randolphi Pils. and Clapp, n. sp.....-....5. seers 87

INDEX TO AUTHORS.

PAU CIEL CIN eerie css... MM I 1

Peiiicen Coe enrieeryss, on sence ss... Oc bose es 21, 52, 72, 92

eae em NUTR Os ota ses o's. ss AMR cc ens soe os ne DO, G3) 66

“oon s/h Dinh’ Ge Ra as oS oe oer rr 9

Memo AUG Sc .ctc's so. asi. ..... ee a bee 36

Beerinpeul, Amlin: ies nce se... .... ee ee 7

era CreOn ee Es... cg. s...... MEM oe bbe canned wees 24

Gockerelll: T. DY An... ..: ++. +0: eos 9. 485 76, 107 £20) 131

(OOkeG ROVE AGM ace cscs... . | ae ee eee 104

Pe VetLliamy ET 32 3.5.05 ...... : ee 4, 27, 40, 44. 75, 127, 138

RIGEISSH AIMCS saan. nc... .... eee eles es A re 97

RTOs. cis ae ene as. ss... : Se ooo ee 66

MOCSOMMUOLEMING Oso 25.0....... SRM. oe wc ate eee 139

Menverson dt:, John .....:..... MBM e. s,s 2). eo. SOR 8

ee eEOt SORIA elas... . Me ose oe oe ne ee i132

LACIE Ad) Dt ae ee ee eS

Lemon, James H

OI. 0 ORCI COPED 3 > 0.4 CSS IS Ie ERS canine 6

MVCla Names: COSMO: 25. ..'..... qe cee SO

Pilsbry, Henry A..22, 26, 42, 46, 50, 57, 69, 79, 85. 101, 108, 121. 140, 144

PO eet se oa Sea sas..-.... Me ot ee 109

Raymond, W. Ji... 2... Site’: .. » MEM ln colada... eee GO

J RECENT th, ne 7 rie on 133

MaMenisvo. haymond............. Meme. 24, 80

peearns, it. H.C... -. Sve. Sn ee eee ae ee ne 106, 112

Stel, IDE eee eeeee eee. 18, 24, 28, 49, 77, 89, 90. 117, 127

OL OGEM DST. Wee. tcc cs asc. .... eee oh ae 8

SUlzE, DiC ne. . Oia e semiee merely ted 4]

Remote Geese. i... . Ae ee es 107

(vil)

a) pee

1 omens 4

Bars ayy ee

VOL. XII. PEADEAG

13 9.

ALDRICH—SUMATRA MOLLUSCS.

Vee Nerves:

Vor. XII. MAY, 1898. No. 1.

NOTES ON SOME LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS FROM SUMATRA,

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

BY T. H. ALDRICH.

In the fall of 1890, the writer received from Marang, Sumatra, a

small collection of shells made by Wm. Doherty, Esq., at that place.

A partial list of same is here given, with descriptions of some new

forms :—

. Nanina gemina Busch.

. Ariophanta weyersi Smith.

. Ariophanta dohertyi Aldrich.

Hemiplecta marangensis n. sp.

. Sitala carinifera Stol., var. marangensis n. var.

. Trochomorpha dohertyi n. sp.

. Amphidromus palacens Busch.

. Helicina parva.

. Clausilia aenigmatica Sykes.

. Cyclophorus eximius Mous.

. Cyclophorus perdix Brod.

. Crossopoma bathyraphe Smith.

. Lagocheilus marangensis n. sp.

. Omphalotropis (Selenomphala) dohertyi n. sp.

. Diplommatina liwaensis n. sp.

. Leptupoma fultoni n. sp.

. Cyelotus sp.

. Melania lirata Bens.

. Melania artecava Mouss.

2 THE NAUTILUS.

20. Melania javanica v. d. B.

21. Melania rustica Mouss. (?)

22. Melania perplicata Brot.

23. Melania sobria Lea.

24. Melania rudis Lea.

25. Melania scabra Mull.

26. Melania tuberculata Mull.

27. Melania ( Tiara) setosa Sw.

28. Melania mitra Meuschen.

29. Melania winteri V. de B.

30. Melania scabra Mill.

31. Melania herklotzi Petit.

32. Faunus ater L.

33. Ampullaria ampullacea L.

34. Pythia scarabeus L.

35. Melampus fasciatus Dh.

36. Cerithidea cornea A. Ad.

37. Navicella tessellata Lam.

38. Batissa sphericula Prime.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

Nanina (Hemiplecta) marangensis n.sp. PI. I, fig. 9, 10.

Shell thin, narrowly umbilicated, obliquely striated above, smooth

below; spire obtuse; color light brown; whorls seven, body whorl

carinated, outer lip sinuous, expanded.

Diam. of largest specimen 22 mm.

This shell resembles H. aceidota Bttg. from Java, but is more

acutely keeled and has no band, the substance of the shell is thin-

ner, and when adult is larger; it also resembles NV. naninoides Bens.

Sitala carinifera Stol. var. marangensis n.var. PI. I, fig. 6.

The specimens before me differ from the description by Stolicka.

It is characterized by having six whorls, base rounded, body whorl

bilirate, the others with but a single raised line, moderately umbili-

cated. The largest specimen shows six whorls, the others but five,.

base is more rounded than typical forms. It also is close to S. bili-

rata W. 'T. Blanf., except having one whorl less, and not being so

openly umbilicated.

Alt. 4 mm.

Trochomorpha dohertyi n. sp. PI. I, figs. 7, 8.

Shell thin, lenticular, whorls six to seven, body whorl acutely

keeled, whorls bordered by a yellow band covering the suture, peri-

THE NAUTILUS. 3

phery of body whori also with a yellow color band, both above and

on base, suture moderately impressed. Aperture oblique, acute oval,

umbilicus wide and deep, base somewhat rounded.

Diameter 17 mm.

This handsome shell is similar to the well known T. bicolor Mts.,

but is larger, has a different and wider umbilicus, is flatter and dif-

fers in its coloration; the base is a uniform brown, except at peri-

phery of body whorl.

Type in my collection, examples also in Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia.

Lagocheilus marangensis n.sp. PI. I, fig. 5.

Shell turbinate, umbilicate, whorls six, convex, epidermal lines of

growth prominent at sutures, shell with a dotted band of red just

below suture, and also another one on base below periphery of body

whorl; aperture circular, with a very thin callus on the body whorl ;

lip expanded, partially reflected over the umbilicus.

Diam., maj. 8 mm., alt. 9 mm.

This species is very close to L. ciliocinctus Von Martens, but au-

thentic specimens of that species do not show the dotted red band on

the base. The body wall has a connecting callus, the lip is also

somewhat exserted, while our species differs in both these particulars.

Omphalotropis (Selenomphala) dohertyi n.sp. PI. I, figs. 1, 2.

Shell umbilicated ; ovate conical, very finely striate; whorls 6 to

7, convex, suture deeply impressed, aperture ovate, peristome sim-

ple, color yellowish brown.

Diam. 3 mm., alt. 43 mm.

This species is close to O. colombeliana Heude, but has one more

whorl, and a more expanded outer lip. Dr. O. Von Mollendorf

pronounces it new and of a group not heretofore known from Su-

matra.

Leptopoma fultoni n.sp. PI. I. figs. 11, 12.

Shell medium, conical, narrowly umbilicated, whorls six, the first

three smooth, the others with numerous revolving lines, aperture

oblique, rounded, exserted lip expanded and tinged with red within ;

a few specimens show a dark green band extending from the back

of the inner red coloring half around the body whorl, gradually

narrowing to a point. Those with this green band are invariably

smaller than those without it.

Height 12 mm., max. width 13 mm.

4 THE NAUTILUS.

This species resembles L. matildae Dohrn, and may eventually be

classed as a variety of that species. The peculiar color markings

constituting the chief differences. The red color within is always

present. Over 60 specimens received.

Diplommatina liwaensis n. sp, PI. I, figs. 3, 4.

Shell dextral, fusiform, thin, sculpture fine and close, covering all

the whorls, color pale brown, whorls rounded, apex not acuminate,

suture impressed, whorls seven, antipenult. largest, constriction in

front. Aperture ovate, outer lip reflected, columellar tooth small.

Maj. diam. 1$ mm., alt. 4 mm.

Locality: Liwa, at 4,000 ft. altitude.

Close to D. gracilis Beddome, but has much finer sculpture, is

larger and has one more whorl.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF FUSUS FROM CALIFORNIA.

BY WM. H. DALL.

Fusus Roperi n. sp.

Shell small, rather short and wide, with a short, subacute spire

and about six whorls; color ferruginous brown, faintly spirally

zoned and lighter on the siphonal fasciole, pillar and throat whitish,

outer lip between the white of the throat and the margin showing

narrow spiral brown lines on a yellowish ground, whorls with a ten-

dency to a white, narrow peripheral line most evident on the sum-

mits of the ribs; whorls excavated behind, somewhat rounded before

the periphery, the margin at the suture strongly appressed with the

whorl in front of it somewhat constricted ; suture distinct, hardly

undulated, the spiral thread in front of it slightly minutely imbri-

cated ; axially directed sculpture of finely wrinkled silky incremen-

tal lines and (on the last whorl) nine rounded ribs with rather

wider interspaces, the ribs are obsolete near the suture, on the early

whorls, and on the base; spiral sculpture of numerous flat strap-

like threads with the interspaces much narrower and sharply reticu-

lated by the incremental sculpture which rises in the interspaces

nearly to the level of the tops of the threads ; the nucleus (lost) is

small, the first two or three whorls are more coarsely reticulate than

the later ones; aperture elongated and insensibly passing into a

rather wide and short canal; siphonal fasciole rather marked,

THE NAUTILUS. 0

though the siphon is not recurved; pillar smooth, nearly straight

with little callus; the body with no subsutural callus; the outer lip

slightly flaring, hardly thickened ; lon. of shell 26, of aperture 15.5,

lat. 13.0 mm.

San Pedro, Cal., in rather deep water, E. W. Roper; in whose

honor the shell is named.

This is a singular species, recalling Ocinebra or Muricidea by its

surface sculpture and the constricted and appressed sutural region

of the whorls. I have not been able to find any species with similar

characters in the monographs or in the National Collection. It is

probable that it should be separated sectionally from the group

typified by F. colus, and it cannot be associated with Sipho or Chry-

sodomus, so it may be regarded as typifying a new section, Roperia.

NEW UNIONIDZ.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

U. Strodeanus sp. nov.

Shell smooth, subtriangular, not inflated, inequilateral, rounded

before, obtusely angular behind, slightly arched above and grace-

fully rounded beneath. Substance of the shell solid and nearly

uniform throughout. Beaks gracefully pointed, not prominent,

scarcely extending above the short red ligament and surrounded by

a few coarse, low undulations which do not extend back as much as

usual. Umbos flattened. Epidermis olive-black, rayless. Not

polished and with distant, faint marks of growth. Umbonial slope

obtusely angular or rounded ; posterior slope slightly compressed

and with two or three slightly impressed lines extending from beaks

to margin. Cardinal teeth strong, deeply cleft and inclined to be

direct. Lateral teeth prominent, curved and inclined to be double

in both valves. Shell cavity moderate and quite uniform. Beak

cavity slight and abruptly rounded. Cicatrices small, barely dis-

tinct and well impressed. Nacre white and only slightly iridescent

towards the margins. Width 2 in., length 14 in., diam. 3 in.

Habitat: Escambia River, West Flordia.

Type in National Museum.

Remarks: Affinity, U. reclusus nobisand U. simulans Lea. From

the former it differs in having a darker and rougher epidermis, not

so pointed behind, flatter sides, shorter and teeth heavier. From

6 THE NAUTILUS.

the latter it differs in its shorter dorsal line, more pointed posterior,

red ligament and greater length. It has the outline of U. Genthii

Lea but it is darker, rayless and the teeth are heavier, the single

lateral being uniformly tapered off to its posterior end instead of

ending abruptly. Twelve specimens were taken along with U.

succisus (cacao) Lea, U. inerassatus Lea, var. boykinianus Lea and

neisslerit Lea, var.

We name it in honor of our esteemed friend, Dr. W.S. Strode,

of Lewiston, Ill.

U. cylindricus Say, var. strigillatus nov.

The chief distinguishing characters of this variety are: Much

more compressed, sculptured throughout, and lateral teeth widely

diverging and curved downwards. ‘The umbonal ridge is very low

nad broad, and fluted with elongated, divergent, flattened elevations.

Nacre usually pink.

Habitat: Clinch River, Lee Co., Va. Typein National Museum.

Remarks: A large number of these shells was received several

years ago from Mr. J. F. Sword, of Jonesville, Va., and sent out

under Mr. Say’s name.. Recently several young ones were found

which convinced me of their varietal value, indicating a connecting

link with U. tuberculatus Barnes.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

[Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the Agassiz

Association by its General Secretary, Dr, W. S. Strode].

INTERGLACIAL SHELLS AT TORONTO, CANADA.

[Extract from the report of James H. Lemon. Fromthe Transactions of the Isaac

Lea Conchological Chapter for 1897. |

The most interesting deposit from a conchological standpoint is

found at Taylor’s Quarry on the banks of the Don River, a mile

northeast of the city of Toronto. At this point a good section of

the Drift has been exposed. The underlying rocks are Hudson

River shales belonging to the Silurian period, rising about 30 feet

above the bed of the river. They are immediately covered by a

layer of till three feet thick, and which fills in all irregularities of

the underlying shale. The fos-ils are found in a few inches of clay

THE NAUTILUS. 7

just above thistill. Dr. Coleman, of the School of Practical Science,

collected and sent a number of the species to Dr. Dall and C. T.

Simpson, who identified them as follows: U. phaseolus, U. clavus U.

pustulosus, U. pustulusus var. schoolerafti, U. occidens (?), U. luteolus,

U. undulatus, U. rectus, U. trigonus and U. solidus.

Besides these a number of other shells have been found, viz.:

Pleurocera subulare, P. elevatum, Goniobasis, Valvata sincera, V. bi-

carinata, Campeloma decisum, Amnicola, Physa, Planorbis, Pisidium,

Sphaerium, ete.

A peculiar fact is the comparative rarity of Campeloma, Planor-

bis and Physa, shells which are very abundant to-day in the waters

of the Don. Of the 10 species of Unios identified by Dr. Dall and

Mr. Simpson only U. luteolus and U. rectus are found here to-day.

Unio phaseolus and U. undulatus have been found in small numbers

in Lake Erie, but not in Lake Ontario.

Three of the species, Unio pustulosus, U. solidus and U. clavus are

not found to-day in the St. Lawrence drainage system at all, but are

confined to the Mississippi area where they are extremely common.

The presence of the Mississippi forms seems to indicate that the

climate existing during the first interglacial period was somewhat

more southern than it is to-day, and this conclusion is also borne

out by the nature of the plant remains.

Along the shores of Lake Ontario to the east of Toronto is a long

line of cliffs known as Scarboro’ Heights, composed entirely of Drift

deposits. Only a very few shells have as yet been found here, but

the beds are very rich in insect and plant remains.

The deposits along the Don River have yielded by far the most

interesting results in the shell line.

QUATERNARY FOSSIL SHELLS, LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA.

[Excerpts from report of Julia E. Campbell, 1896).

One day in April, 1896, while out for wild flowers, we drove to

Signal Hill, which lies back from the ocean about 23 miles. Down

one side of the hill runs a narrow ravine or little cafion as it is often

called. |

While climbing up in the center of this ravine we found the banks

on either side literally filled with fossil shells. We secured the fol-

lowing species, viz. : Nassa mendica Gld., N. perpinguis Hds., Den-

8 THE NAUTILUS.

talium pretiosum Nutt., Lutricola alta Conr. and Callista (Amian-

tis) callosa Conr.

UNIO COLLECTING, BY DR. STRODE.

On October Ist I went to London Mills on Spoon River, about 40

miles up stream in the hope of finding U. capax and U. aesopus, but

was disappointed. I was surprised to find U. undulatus Bar. super-

ceeding U. plicatusand U. multiplicatus, so common Jower down the

stream. MM. complanata Bar. was here in great numbers ; U. occidens

and U. gibbosus were also quite abundant.

On Nov. 10th, while on a picnicing expedition at Duncan Mills,

20 miles from the mouth of Spoon River, I observed on the oppo-

site side of the stream a rocky ledge and beach below extending for

quite a distance up and down the river.

The thought at once struck me that my giant multiplicatus might

be once more found here. Accompanied by Dr. Maguire and our

wives we crossed over and lost no time in getting into the water

among the rocks. Almost the first shell brought up was one of

these big fellows. They were here in company with scores of big

plicatus, ligamentinus, tuberculatus and a dozen other species. In

two hours’ time we had found over fifty of the multiplicatus, one

good U. capax and one M. confragosa four inches long. The doctor’s

bird dog Belva, partook of our enthusiasm and manifested a desire

to also search for shells. After alittle showing she understood how

it was done, and it was amusing, indeed to see her with head sub-

merged hunting a shell and then after securing it the air of import-

ance assumed as she waddled ashore with it. We hope, the coming

season, to make an expert collector of her.

One of the most pleasant and profitable collecting trips of the sea-

son was made in September at a place called “ The Devil’s Elbow,”

five miles below Havana on the Illinos River. At this place the

south bank for nearly a half mile is a sand-bar, full of little bayous,

and in these places was where we found the Unios. Prof. Hart, of

the State Biological Station, who was one of the party, brought with

one sweep of his dredge-net over fifty specimens, covering a dozen spe-

cies. All ofthe following species were found plentiful, viz.: U. plicatus,

U. multiplicatus, U. alatus, U. gracilis, U. pustulosus, U. pustulatus, U.

lachrymosus, U. anodontoides, U. gibbosus, U. ligamentinus, U. ebenus,

U. ellipsis, U. solidus, U. donaciformis, U. cornutus, U. elegans, M.

confragosa, M. rugosa, M. complanata. <A half-dozen U. securis

were found, the first record of this species for the county.

THE NAUTILUS. 9

ORANGE, CALIFORNIA.

[Excerpts from report of Mrs. M. F. Bradshaw].

To-day (February 13) we went to the blue rock above Laguna

and had great success, finding some species not before collected by

us. Digging in the soft rock with a hatchet and turning over loose

rocks brought us the following species: IJschnochiton conspicuus,

Mopalia muscosa, Trachydermon dentiens, T. hartwegii, Lepidopleurus

rugatus, Cumingia californica, Lucina californica, Diplodonta or-

bella, Chlorostoma fusescens, C. gallina, C. aureotinctum, Volvaria

varia, Parapholas californica, Pholadidea penita, Nettastomella dar-

winti, Norrisia norrisi, Leptothyra baeula, Phasianella compta var.

pulloides, Mytilus bifurcatus, Septifer bifurcatus, Laswea rubra, Chama

pellucida, Fissurella voleano, Adula falcata, Lithophagus plumula,

Astyris gausipata, Cerostoma nuttalli, Conus californicus, Corbula

luteola, Hipponyx antiquatus, Macron lividus, Monoceras lapilloides,

Milneria minima.

Went to day (February 14), to Fisherman’s Bay, and were at

last successful in finding the Semele rupium. Down deep in the

sand where they were built upon themselves two or three stories

high, down cellar under water, here hide the beautiful Semele. The

incoming waves kept us from looking long or carefully, which was

greatly to be regretted, as it is a long walk to this place and only to

be approached at the very lowest tide; even then one is continually

obliged to run from the waves, so that it will never be possible to get

many. We also found a few Diplodonta orbella, Kellia suborbic-

ularis, Rupellaria lamellifera, Megatebennus bimaculatus, Trivia

californica, and nearer to shore in the weeds on the rocks one live

Chama muricata.

GENERAL NOTES.

Nore oN MARIAELLA DUSSUMIERI.—It is tolerably evident that

we have all along been making a stupid blunder about the type lo-

cality of this slug. The original specimen, in the British Museum,

is labelled simply as from ‘‘ Mahé” by Valenciennes. This must

be Mahé the French colony on the southeast coast of India, not far

from the Travancore Hills, whence came Mariaella beddomei (G.-

Aust.), which is, to all appearances, the same animal. I had been

10 THE NAUTILUS.

provisionally keeping beddomei as a subspecies, thinking that the

Seychelles type (as it was supposed to be) dussumieri might, when

examined anatomically, show some distinctive characters. But

since dussumieri is from Mahé, India, it is doubtless the same as

beddomei, which must sink as asynonym. For a general discussion

of the synonymy of Mariaella see Ann. & Mag. of Nat. Hist., Jan.,

1891, pp. 103-104.

The removal of Mariaell/a from the Seychelles fauna gets rid of an

apparent anomaly in geographical distribution.

While on the subject of Oriental slugs I may as well refer to cer-

tain section-names proposed in the pluralin the paper just cited, and

again published in the Check-List of Slugs (1893). I did not

change them to the singular number, because I thought that might be

left to special students of Oriental slugs; but as no one has taken

the matter up, the changes are made herewith :—

Lbycus, sect. Cryptibycus (Cryptibyci, Ckll., 1891) type I. vite

cus, Nev. & G.-A.

Austenia, sect. Euaustenia (Euaustenie, Ckll., 1891); type A.

scutella, Bs.

Austenia, sect. Cryptaustenia ( Cryptaustenie, Ckll., 1891) ; type

A. planospira.—T. D. A. CocKERELL, March 21, 1898.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS.

Notice oF soME New or INTERESTING SPECIES OF SHELLS

FROM BritisH COLUMBIA AND THE ADJACENT REGION, by William

Healey Dall (Nat. Hist. Soc. B. C., Bull. No. 2, 1897. 18 pp., 2

plates). While based largely upon material collected by Dr. C. F.

Newcombe, Rev. Geo. W. Taylor, Mr. Whiteaves, and other Canadian

naturalists, material from Alaskan waters has also been utilized by

Dall in preparing this paper. The occidental species of Crenella

and Modiolaria are discussed, C. columbiana, Leana and japonica,

M. Taylori and seminuda being uew. Nucula charlottensis, Leda

cellulita, conceptionis and leonina are also new or lately described

forms. Other new species of bivalves belong to Yoldia, Malletia

and Macoma. Two Cadulus, Hepburni and Tolmiei, and species of

Cythara, Turbonilla and Odontostomia are described as new. Ris-

soina Newcombei, Molleria quadre, and Eucosmia lurida are also

new; all being illustrated by very good figures.

THE NAUTILUS. iG

Brotocta CenTRALI-AMERICANA: Mo.uusca, by E. von Mar.

tens. After an interval of several years, during which no parts of

this work appeared, its publication has been resumed, we hope to

be continued without interruption; two parts having been issued

in November and December, 1897. ‘These treat mainly of the Cyl-

indrellide, comprising the genera Eucalodium, Celocentrum, Holo-

spira, Cylindrella, Macroceramus.

The most remarkable feature of von Marten’s treatment of this

family is not what he has to say about it, which, so far as it goes, is

well enough, but what he leaves out. It would seem that the Berlin

authorities are not only excluding American fruit, but have been

excluding American malacology as well for several years past.

Papers published in periodicals as well known as the Proceedings of

the U.S. National Museum and of the Academy of Natural Sciences

of Philadelphia, seem to be quite unknown in Berlin.

Eucalodium is divided into several sections, based upon size, color

and external form. Of these sections Resupinata, for E. speciosum,

edwardsianum and deshayesianum, is new, and Anisospira of Strebel

is regarded as another section. The division based upon the pres-

ence or absence of a strong spiral plait upon the columella, and the

dentition, published in September, 1895, is not mentioned, and the

sectional name then proposed for E. blandianum and its allies is

ignored, even in synonymy.

Some fine new species of Cw/ocentrum are described, while others

made known by Dall are omitted.

It is in the genus Holospira, however, that eccentricity seems most

pronounced. An American malacologist, whom we had supposed

was not unknown in Berlin, published a new classification of

this genus in September, 1895 (two years and three months before

the appearance of the genus in the Biologia), in which the species

were distributed into some six sections or subgenera according to the

presence and arrangement or absence of folds, lamine or plaits

within the shell. This was a great advance in the study of the

genus, as the species are so similar externally that their determina-

tion without such an aid as this was difficult and uncertain; to say

nothing of the gain in knowledge of the interrelations and descent

of the species. In the Biologia not only are these subgenera com-

pletely ignored—denied a line in the synonymy—but even the facts

of nature which they represent are unnoticed in the tables of specific

characters. After this it does not seem worth while to mention such

iD THE NAUTILUS.

trifles as that H. claviformis Martens 1897, was described and figured

as H. elizabeth as long ago as May, 1889, from specimens taken at

the same locality, or that species published from Mexico in 1896 are

not mentioned.

The peculiar group Epirobia Strebel is made a subgenus of Holo-

spira. Whether this rank is or is not correct, may fairly be held a

matter of opinion; but that von Martens errs radically in including

all of the Mexican “ Cylindrella” in Epirobia is not a matter of

opinion but of fact. The true Epirobia species have teeth consider-

ably like Holospira correllated with a hollow shell axis (as in

Holospira and Celocentrum); and here belong apiostoma, polygyra,

polygyrella, and, perhaps, some others. Other continental species,

such as bourguignatiana, morini, spelunce, subtilis, have the entirely

different dentition of the slender Antillean species of Cylindredla,

such as those of the Caribbean Islands, correllated with a solid shell

axis, and unquestionably belong to a widely different genus.

The only species left in “ Cylindrella” by von Martens is C.

bourguignatiana Ancey, of which he says “unknown to me,” cur-

iously forgetting to cite the figures of it published in 1891, although

the paper which these figures illustrate is freely quoted in the earlier

parts of the Biologia. Want of inclination as well as lack of space

forbids allusion to numerous other infelicities in the text; and it isa

pleasure to say that the plates are superb examples of lithography.

It cannot but be a matter of serious regret to conchologists inter-

ested in Mexican and Central American land snails that the later

parts of this great work fail to sustain the high standard of the earlier,

and that they fall short of what all have learned to expect from

their brilliant and eminent author.—H. A. P.

On THE Anatomy OF Apera Burnupi, E. A. Smiru, by Walter

E. Collinge, (Ann. Mag. N. H., Aug., 1897). The detailed anatomy

of this South African Testacelloid slug is prefaced by a reswmé of

the history of the genus, which was originally established by Bin-

ney under the preoccupied name Chlamydophorus. The pedal (sub-

oral) gland, as usual in Agnatha,is very large. The genital system

is rather simple, with very short vas deferens hardly differentiated

from the slender penis, and the spermatheca is large and of peculiar

form. The genus is held to be nearer to Testacel/a than to Schizo-

glossa of the Rhytididee ; but while this is probably correct, it is

difficult to form an estimate of its affinities without some knowledge

of the muscular system, kidney, ete.

VOL. XII. PLATE ll.

HENDERSON—ENGANIO MOLLUSK

en: N@oricus.

VoL. XII. JUNE, 1898. No. 2,

A LIST OF LAND AND FRESH WATER SHELLS OF ENGANIO WITH

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.

BY JOHN B. HENDERSON, JR.

The shells forming the subject of this paper were collected in the

Island of Enganio by Mr. William Doherty, by whom they were

sent to Mr. Aldrich, of Birmingham, Ala. Enganio, or Pulo Telan-

jang, is a small island surrounded by deep sea, off the southwest

coast of Sumatra, about one hundred miles west of Benkoelen. Mr.

Doherty has published in the “Asiatic Journal” of Bengal, 1886,

his observations upon this island. From geological features and

the faunal relations of the birds and insects collected, he concludes

that Enganio forms a continuation of a submerged mountain chain,

isolated peaks of which constitute the present Nias group. He finds

the fauna of Enganio to be more closely related to that of the Anda-

mans and the Nicobars than to that of Sumatra, and also to possess

decided Javan affinities. He finds other evidence of the long isola-

tion of this island from either the mainland or neighboring islands.

A study of these shells tends to confirm the correctness of his views.

The land and fresh water mollusks of Perak, and, in general, of the

entire Malay Peninsula, bear a striking resemblance to those of

Enganio. I have been unable to learn anything about the mollus-

can fauna of the Nias group, which, if known, would probably furn-

ish additional evidence of the one-time closer connection of Java

and the mainland through Enganio, the Nias group, the Nicobars

and the Andamans. As will be seen, several of the species herein

enumerated are identical with Javan forms, and others strongly

14 THE NAUTILUS.

suggest Andaman and sometimes Indian species. None may be

directly referred to any Sumatra species. These species of Enganio

and Sumatra that do most resemble one another are widely distribu-

ted throughout the Malayan province, yet none of them are identi-

eal. It should be admitted, however, that the Sumatran land shells

are less perfectly known than those of either Java or the mainland,

and it is possible that a more thorough conchological exploration of

the island might disprove the conclusion that Enganio bears to it so

distant a relation.

1. Melania (Melanoides) herculea Gld. var. PI. 2, fig. 6.

This species with variabilis Bens., episcopalis Lea, of India; julient

Desh., chaperi, perakensis from the Malay peninsula; boceceana Brot.

from Sumatra; varicosa and infracostata from Java, etc., constitute a

natural group of allied forms admitting a considerable range of speci-

fic variation. Many of the more recently published species of this

group, will, I believe, be found to be no more than local varieties of

Benson’s well known Melania variabilis. Dr. Brot suggests the

identity of M. herculea and M. variabilis, which, if correct, will re-

duce the former to varietal rank; nevertheless I have thought it

best to refer these specimens to herculea as they agree almost per-

fectly with authentic examples in the National Museum. In the

Enganio shells the whorls are slightly less rounded than in the

typical form, and the number of heavy longitudinal ribs is some-

what greater (16 to 20). The inside of the aperture is bluish-white

with two purplish-brown revolving color bands to be seen upon the

outside of the shell only in young specimens.

2. Melania (Melanoides) badian.s. PI. 2, fig. 7.

Shell heavy, strong. Whorls 14 to 15, excavated below the

suture, the first 3 or 4 generally lost; remaining upper whorls

decorated with sharp longitudinal riblets which are crossed just

above the suture by a series of four revolving striz. The balance

of the shell is perfectly smooth, no trace of other than faint growth

lines being visible under the glass. The median whorls of the spire

are ornamented with a revolving row of spots, or broken line, of

dark chestnut. Suture simple; below the suture a zone of some-

what lighter color on the last three whorls. Aperture small,

widened below, pointed above, outer lip simple, columella callous.

Bluish within, a rich chestnut without. Height 40, diam, 123 mm.

The main characters of this shell are—(a) its solidity, (b) costate

upper whorls, (c) smooth lower whorls, (d) interrupted line of dark

THE NAUTILUS. 15

chestnut along the upper middle whorls just below the suture. In

most specimens the first three or four whorls are broken off, leaving

only about two that show the sharp costulation.

3. Melania hastula Lea.

One young specimen, apparently referable to this species.

4, Neritina zigzag Lam.

5. Neritina cornea L.

6. Neritina turrita Chemn.

All of these have a wide distribution throughout the East Indies.

7. Melampus fasciatus Desh.

Color patteru very variable. A variety, “javanica,” occurs in

Java (Mousson, p. 46).

8. Pythia striata Reeve.

This agrees more perfectly with the mainland form than with the

Javan P. pyramidata, yet for geographical reasons it may be likely

that this is a localized variety of the latter. The two species seem

to be very close.

9. Cassidula mustellina Desh.

Quoted from the Philippines to Java.

10. Amphidromus enganoensis Fulton. Ann. and Mag., series 6, Vol. 17, p. 71.

11. Trochomorpha Hartmani Pfr.

Originally described from Java. The largest of three specimens

collected measures: height 11:5, greater diam. 35, lesser diam. 29

mm.

12. Planispira Aldrichin.s. PI. 2, figs. 4, 5.

Shell depressed, deeply umbilicate, low conic above, rounded be-

neath; acutely carinated at periphery. Whorls 4%, the last not

descending, excavated above and below the keel. Aperture some-

what oblique, subtriangular. Lip simple above, expanded below,

basal lip reflexed partly over the umbilicus. Ends of lip connected

by a faint callous. Sutures not impressed. Light chestnut brown,

a darker space above and below the keel and above the sutures.

Sculpture of faint wrinkles of growth, covered with very faint, re-

volving striz below the keel; under the glass showing a minutely

pitted-granular surface, the granulation more pronounced below the

keel.

Alt. 15, greater diam. 28, lesser diam. 23 mm.

16 THE NAUTILUS.

The nearest neighbor is Planispira trochalia Benson, from the

Andamans, from which, however, it is very distinct. This species

would probably fall within the subgenus Trachia, even though its

last whorl is not descending. The pitted surface indicates the pres-

ence of hairs in young specimens—a special character of this group.

13, Macrochlamys Dohertyin.s. Pl. 2, figs. 8, 9.

Shell perforate, depressed, nearly planulate above, thin, shining ;

excavated about the umbilical region. Whorls 43, convex, exca-

vated at the sutures. Aperture lunate-circular. Lip simple,

slightly reflected over the umbilical perforation. Growth lines

strong below the suture, becoming faint on the periphery, a trace of

faint revolving striz on the base.

Alt. 6, maj. diam. 133, min. diam, 11 mm.

Spire more depressed than in M. amboinensis Mart., var. perforata

Bttg. (Java) and umbilicus smaller. Resembles also M. malaceana

Pfr. (Sumatra), but has more impressed sutures.

14. Helicarion albellus Mart. var.

I refer this doubtfully to a/bellus, which has a somewhat shorter

spire. Probably a localized variety of the Javan species.

15. Glessula q

Specimen too poor for satisfactory identification.

16. Prosopeas argentean.s. PI. 2, fig. 10.

Whorls fully 8, slightly convex. Apex obtuse. Sutures well

impressed. Aperture oblique, elongate, pointed above, dilated in

the middle, narrow below. Lip sharp and thin; columella slightly

arcuate; ends of lip connected by an exceedingly thin shining cal-

lous. Growth lines closely crowded, strong and roughened. First

or apical whorls regularly costulate. Color shining silvery white,

becoming yellowish toward the base. Height 23, diam. 6 mm.

The Stenogyras are widely distributed throughout the Malayan

province, being represented in all the islands by more or less closely

allied species. This resembles Opeas acutissima Bttg. (O. hastatus

Bttg.), of Java, in color and sculpture, but is less slender and has

fewer whorls. It is a much larger shell than O. achatinacea Pfr.,

of Java. It differs from Opeas paroensis Bock, of Sumatra, in being

a larger shell with a smaller apex. Stenogyra echelensis de Morg.

of Perak, bears a strong resemblance to this Enganio form.

THE NAUTILUS. 7:

17, Lagochilus ciliferus Mousson.

The typical form (Javan) is somewhat carinated, but this does

not seem to be a persistent character. ‘These bear scarcely a trace

of carination.

18. Leptopoma vitreum Less.

Slightly heavier than typical.

19, Crossopoma enganoense n.s. PI. 2, figs. 1, 2, 3.

Shell much depressed. Whorls 5%, well rounded. Sutures

channeled, the channel being partially covered by succeeding whorl

below. Aperture oblique, scarcely descending, round. Peristome

double, the outer border expanding above into a sutural fold,

slightly descending and sinuate, reflected below. Inner peristome

deeply notched above, elsewhere continuous and almost exactly

round. Umbilicus wide, showing all the whorls. Growth lines

prominent. Sometimes a series of heavy cord-like spiral lines on

last whorl. Light yellowish-brown above, mottled with irregular

patches of dark chestnut; a white band at periphery ; a dark chest-

nut band below this of more or less solid color; base light chestnut

with a wide, white (denuded) band within the umbilicus. Operculum

horny 4, nearly flat, multispiral, edges slightly raised and bevelled,

nucleus central, slightly concave below.

Alt. 15, greater diam. 30, lesser diam. 24 mm.

- The color pattern is somewhat variable, though following in gen-

eral that of the type. In many specimens the sutural canal is en-

tirely covered. It bears a strong superficial resemblance to Crosso-

poma planorbulum Lam. (Sumatra), but differs in being higher,

more deeply umbilicated, and in the notched inner peristome. It

differs also from Pterocyclus sluiteri Btg. (Java), in its higher spire,

less oblique aperture, less developed wing on outer peristome and

more pronounced notch upon the inner peristome as well as in the

general color pattern. The operculum of this shell is rather that of

Cyclophorus than of Pterocyclus, but its shell characters are essen-

tially of the latter. It is a third species of von Marten’s genus

Crossopoma, based upon the crenate or toothed edges of the outer

lamella of the operculum.

20. Helicina ?

I am unable to refer this to any known species.

21, Truncatella ceylonica Pfr.

A widely distributed shell.

18 THE NAUTILUS.

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENITAL ORGANS OF UNIONIDE,

WITH REFERENCE TO CLASSIFICATION.!

BY DR. V. STERKI.

The classification of the Unionide is undergoing considerable

changes, owing to a closer study of their anatomy, and we are await-

ing Mr. Simpson’s publication with considerable interest. In’ the

meantime a few observations made on many of our species, espe-

cially from the Ohio river drainage, may be worth communicating.

1. The difference in the season of maturing ova and sperma, and

discharging the young, in the different groups, has been confirmed

by the examination of thousands of specimens from different waters.

In Lampsilis’, the ova and sperma are matured, and the former trans-

ferred to the branchiz, during summer. The young are mature in

fall, and a part of them discharged during October and November,

but most of them are retained until spring. Some of the branchial

sacks, single, or in groups of several, were found empty before win-

ter, e. g. in L. alatus and subovatus, and the same was found early

in spring; but in most species, the marsupium was still fully charged

at that time. Very probably the time of spawning, as it has been

called, depends, to a certain degree, on the weather and the temper-

ature of the water. It would be of value to make such observations

in the south, and also on the Great Lakes.

Quite different it is with the other Uniones, with a few exceptions.

Their branchiz are invariably found empty during fall, winter and

early spring, while the ovaries are charged with ova and the testes

with mature sperma. Their season of charging the branchiz, bring-

ing the young to maturity and dismissing them, is in the summer,

and naturally lasts a considerably shorter time than in Lampsilis

and the other winter breeders.

This discrepancy in the season of propagating, in connection with

the different types of the uterus sacks, and the characters of the

shell, I consider very significant and pointing at a different phylo-

genetic origin of the several groups. They probably originated at

different geological ages and under different climatic conditions.

In many species, the ovaries and testes were seen beginning

renewed activity while the young were still in the branchix, and

this is probably so in general.

1 See the articles of Mr. C. T. Simpson in Am. Naturalist, April, 1895 and

the NauTiLus XI, p. 19, and by the writer, the Nautitus IX, p 91.

? A well characterized and well defined genus.

THE NAUTILUS. 19

Sometimes mature, or apparently mature glochidia and quite un-

developed ova are found mixed up in the branchial sacks. Whether

the latter wil] develop into embryones later, or remained unchanged

for want of impregnation, remains to be studied up.

2. Branchial sacks, or uteri. On Lampsilis, the branchial sacks

are differentiated even when not charged with ovaor young. They

are situated in the posterior part of the outer branchia, in a group,

the marsupium, which, when charged, is very considerably enlarged,

often exceeding half the length of the shell, and crowding away the

unchanged anterior and posterior parts of the branchie. It has

already been said that the number of sacks is, to a certain degree,

characteristic for each species, yet rather variable even in individ-

uals of the same size, and it is also hardly ever the same on the two

sides. In the young, there are only a few, and their number is

increasing with the age of the animal. They are also not all of the

same size, and each one may occupy a smaller or greater number of

branchial filaments.

In younger animals, there are always a number of small, empty

sacks adjacent to the gravid ones, preformed to be charged in the

following year.

The shape of the uterus sacks in U. irroratus Lea is known from

the autbor’s description and figure. There is considerable variation

in their numbers. Of three specimens from the same place, all

medium sized, one had seven sacks on one side, four on the other,

the second had eleven and ten, the third, ten and eight. At the

proximal ends there were exclusively ova; at some distance, those

in the periphery had transformed into glochidia, and at the distal

ends the latter were in excess, while a great number of ova had still

remained unchanged. In accordance with this, the flesh color was

much more intense at the proximal than at the distal ends, as the

ova are colored, the young colorless. The ova are packed closely

together and coherent by some intermediate substance, so that the

whole worm-like cylinder can be extracted in toto from the enclos-

ing membrane.

The young, in the uterus, show marked differences from those of

all other species seen, as to soft parts and shell. The latter is con-

siderably longer than high and has numerous distinct, crowded, con-

centric lines of growth. Its length is 0-21, alt. 0-17, diam. 0°14 mill-

imeters.

* In one specimen, the ova, and so the whole cylinders, were colorless, a rare

exception.

90 THE NAUTILUS.

In cornutus Bar., the sacks are also permanently differentiated,

about six or seven on each side, near the middle of the outer

branchiz, and considerably projecting over their edges, much as in

irroratus. But while the latter were found gravid in fall; the few

cornutus seen, had the marsupia empty at that time, (late in Octo-

ber); the ovaries were filled with ova and the testes with sperma.

More observations are necessary.

U. phaseolus is so different from all other species and groups that

Simpson and Wetherby are certainly right in regarding it as the

representative of a distinct genus. The outer branchie, in their

whole extent, are permanently differentiated, much less high than

the inner ones, and with a brownish edge. Thin and even while

barren, they are much larger when gravid, and heavily, somewhat

irregularly plaited, the folds being caused by the considerable increase

of the length of the branchize. The sacks are very numerous; in a

large specimen, 283 were counted on one side. Each one is formed

by a thin, translucent, yet rather strong and somewhat rigid mem-

brane, enclosing the ova, or the young, loosely inserted in the sub-

stance of the branchiz, with a projecting, half-globular head. It

can easily be extracted, and, when the young are mature, probably

is expelled in toto.

The young, although in the shape of the shell not much different

from other species, shows marked peculiarities of the soft parts.

The uteri were found charged from July, or August to April, in

numerous specimens. More exact data must still be obtained.

Most of the remaining species of the old genus Unio show no

differentiation of the branchiz or parts of them which are destined

to lodge the ova and the young animals. The outer branchie, in

adult specimens, are charged in their whole extent, and often* also

the inner pair; while gravid, they show only a general bulging,

but no differentiated or prominent parts, and after the young are

discharged, they are in no way different from “common” gills,

except a somewhat ragged margin now and then in old specimens.

Of a number of species, those cited by Lea, and some others, we

know that also their inner branchiz were found charged, but we do

not know whether this is constantly so or not, and whether in all

species it may be found occasionally. This uncertainty is partly

‘In the writer’s article, l. c., p. 91 there is a sad, unintentional lapsus, and

cited by Mr. Simpson (1. ¢. ), about this point ; the correction will be found

in the above.

THE NAUTILUS. 21

due to external causes ; probably nine-tenths, or more, of all collect-

ing has been done during late summer and fall, since in spring and

early summer the water is usually high, muddy and cold, and col-

lecting is difficult, and in many places almost impossible. Now it

is necessary that we overcome those difficulties and secure large

numbers of muscles just in the time when the Lampsilis discharge

their young and those under consideration become gravid.

(To be continued.)

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW HELIX.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

Helix disparilis Ancey. (PI. I, fig. 13).

Testa imperforata, lenticularis, solidula, subnitida, carinata, su-

perne et infra subtus carinam lzte fulva et maculis strigisque virenti

luteis irregulariter conspersa. cirea regionem umbilicarem luteo-

virens, concolor. Spira depresso-fornicata, convexa, valde obtusa.

Anfractus 5, regulariter crescentes, perparum convexi, sutura lineari

et superficiali discreti; embryonales lvigati, concolores, sequentes

oblique striatuli, ultimus lineis impressis spiralibus confertisque, sub-

tus presertim perspicuis striatus, eequaliter utrinque convexus, carina

acuta mediana insignis, antice lenissime vixque deflexus, in umbilici

loco impressus. Apertura perobliqua, diagonalis, securiformis,

fauce pallidula, marginibus distantibus, callo tenui ad insertionem

subincrassato junctis, supero antice rotundatim producto, declivi,

obtusato, basali elliptico, subincrassato. Peristoma haud, nisi infra

carinam expansiusculum.

Diam. max. 173, min. 143, alt. 73 mill.

Locality unknown.

This is a very ambiguous and highly interesting shell. It is un-

known to Mr. E. A. Smith of the British Museum, to whom it was

submitted by Mr. John Ponsouby, of London. Its color is very

striking, reminding one of that of Helix parilis Rang, while the

form is nearly that of Helix Josephine, but it has no teeth on the

peristome and the sculpture is peculiar. Notwithstanding its external

facies, I however think the true affinities of this remarkable species

are with Dendrotrochus Pilsbry, such as D. Cleryi, Eva, etc., and

Mr. Ponsonby shares my opinion. The absence of locality is un-

fortunate, as it would, perhaps, enable us to guess to what group it

might belong.

22 THE NAUTILUS.

The type has been in my collection for about 20 years ; it is very

perfect. A similar, but partially broken example, is in my father’s

hands. I never saw others.

NOTICES OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN LAND

SHELLS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

The following forms were included by name in the recently pub-

lished catalogue of American Land Shells, but have not hitherto

been described.

Epiphragmophora arrosa var. expansilabris n. vy.

Compact and globose-turbinate, imperforate or nearly so, wrinkle

striate, malleated in places; band above periphery broad and dark;

spire conic, whorls 52; lip very broadly expanded, reflexed below,

_ thickened within, white. Alt. 19-20, diam. 23-25 mm.

Near Eureka, Humboldt Co., California. The specimens de-

scribed were received from Mr. Fred L. Button. The band is some-

times wanting.

Epiphragmophora tudiculata var. umbilicata n. v.

Shell smoothish, the malleation weak or subobsolete; umbilicus

widely open. Alt. 163, diam. 27, width of umbilicus 3 mm., or

smaller with similar proportions.

San Luis Obispo Co., California. Types were presented to the

Academy by Mr. John Ford.

Polygyra lawe var. tallulahensis n. var.

Very small, shaped like P. jejwna Say, the peristome expanded,

subreflexed, thickened within, no teeth or Jamelle; umbilicus

minute. Whorls 43, the last with a slight ridge or crest and then

a wide groove behind the peristome, slightly descending in front.

Surface nearly lusterless, with faint growth lines and sparse, sub-

obsolete spiral striez. Alt. 33, diam. 53 mm.

Tallulah Falls, Georgia.

This is apparently the toothless form mentioned in Man. Amer.

Land Shells, p. 317.

Polygyra tridentata var. complanata n. var.

Shell large, depressed and glossy, with weak striation ; whorls 6,

umbilicus rapidly expanding in the last whorl, between } and + the

THE NAUTILUS. 23

diameter of shell ; lip teeth of aperture typical in position, but very

small, almost obsolete. Alt. 10, diam. 23 mm.

Burnside, Ky. (James H. Ferris). Types No. 71,399 coll. A. N.

S..P.

Macroceramus texanus n. sp.

Shell resembling M. Gossei of Jamaica, but constantly stouter,

decidedly less attenuated above. Sculpture of thread-like oblique

strie, finer and closer; sutural crenulation more irregular on the

lower whorls, and disposed to be subobsolete. Whorls 93 to 103.

Alt. 103, diam. of penultimate whorl 33 mm.

Alt. 83, diam. of penultimate whorl 33 mm.

New Braunfels, Comal Co., Texas.

Macroceramus floridanus n. sp.

Shell resembling M. Gossei somewhat, but smaller, very much

more finely and closely striated, the sutural denticles less pro-

nounced, mainly formed by the confluence of three or several strize

(instead of one or two, asin Gossei) ; striation of the spire finer

than in VM. texanus. Whorls 9 to 9%. Alt. 73 to 8, diam. of penul-

timate whorl 3 mm.

Little Sarasota Bay, Florida.

A comparison with good series of the true M. Gossei Pfr. from

Jamaica, the type locality, with series from Florida and Texas,

shows that there are certain readily observable differences. The

Jamaican shell is more coarsely and distantly striated than any

Continental specimens ; the denticles at the suture are formed by

single striz or the confluence of two, and the shell is more con-

spicuously variegated than the generality of Floridan or Texan

specimens. If fig. 458 of the “ Manual of American Land Shells”

was drawn from a Continental shell, or from the Jamaican M.

Gossei, it is incorrect in showing all the striz simple at the sutures.

That figure, however, is probably incorrectly drawn. M. Gossei

var. arctispira Anc. from Utilla Island, Honduras, is apparently a

small race of M. concisus Morelet, a common species in Yucatan.

NOTES AND NEWS.

ERRATUM.—Correct the following in February Nautivus, p. 113,

2d line from foot of page for “in the valve” read “in the /eft

valve.”

94 THE NAUTILUS.

ConcHOLOGY IN THE KLonpdYKE.—The following extract from a

. letter just receivéd from Mr. P. B. Randolph, of Seattle, Wash.,

who is now in the Klondyke, may be of interest to readers of the

Navtitus. Mr. Randolph left Seattle on July 31st of last year,

and was 28 days in reaching Dawson City. He writes: “On my

way in I collected a number of the smaller land and fresh water

shells of the coast region at Dyea, on the ocean’side of the mount-

ains, and at Lake Linderman on the Yukon water shed. They

consisted, on the Dyea side, of Patula pauper, Conulus fulvus, Ver-

tigo ovata (?) ; on Lake Linderman of the same with Vitrina sp.,

Limnea two speciesand Valvata sincera (?).

“ At Duncan’s Island, on the trip up, I collected a number of

Selenites vancouverensis and Mesodon townsendiana. I found two

dead shells here (Dawson City) of Succinea sp., and hope to find

specimens when the snow melts, though the fires ran through this

country last year completely destroying the undergrowth and moss.”

—Geo. H. Clapp.

Sometime ago Mrs. Mary P. Olney of Spokane, Washington, sent

to me a small lot of Pyramidula strigosa Gld. and young taken from

the oviducts of some found in Rathdrum, Idaho. In reply to my

inquiry about them she writes: “I had cleaned several hundred

strigosa and never found but one specimen with young, until a lot

of fifty from which these came, and which contained from 6 to 15

each.—S. Raymond Roberts.

A specimen of Unio complanatus Sol. (dead shell, but good and

rather large), has recently been found at New Philadelphia, Ohio,

in a mill race on the Tuscarawas River, Obio River drainage.

Probably the species has spread from Lake Erie by way of the Ohio

Canal over the divide.—Dr. V. Sterki.

List oF A COLLECTION OF SHELLS FROM THE GULF OF ADEN,

by W. H. Dall (Field Columbian Museum Pub., No. 26). A brief

list of shells collected by the well known ornithologist D. G. Elliot.

There are numerous typographical errors such as Nerita “ albicola,”

Trochus “ saya,” Turritella ‘‘torutosa,” etc., ete., and two Olivas are

put in the Trochide. The value of the list hardly warrants the pre-

tentious style of publication, but as it was published, it would have

been better had the proof been submitted to the author for cor-

rection, for, of course, the blunders are not Dall’s.

eee N Berivus:

Vor. XII. JULY, 1898. No. 3.

A NEW JAMAICAN LAND SHELL.

BY J. B. HENDERSON, JR.

Ravenia Hollandi n. s.

Imperforate, rather thin, subtranslucent, pale horn color. Whorls

10, well-rounded, sutures impressed ; from 30 to 35 somewhat strongly

developed longitudinal waving ribs upon each whorl,

except upon the two apical which are perfectly

smooth. Apex obtuse. Aperture ear shaped, much

narrowed in the middle, suggestive of the figure 8.

Columella strongly twisted like the letter “S,” and

thickened. Outer lip slightly pinched in the middle

where it is armed with a prominent tooth. Alt. 9 mm.

“ Jamaica,” Dr. W. J. Holland.

\ The genus Ravenia was created in 1873 by Crosse

AAA (Journal de Conch., Vol. 21, p. 69) to include a

— Se

— %

= =

single species from Curacoa, R. blandi (do. Vol. 22,

pl. 2, fig. 4). The author remarks that the form

is an eccentric one “between Spirazis and Pupa.”

Tryon, in St. and Syst. Conch. (Pt. 3, p. 18), in-

cludes the genus within the Streptazide. The exact

position of this curious genus is doubtful, and,

without a knowledge of the anatomy, cannot definitely be placed.

It is not unlikely, however, that it will fall within the Stenogyride,

probably next to Spiraxis. The character of the constriction in the

centre of the outer lip is common to Spiravis, and is sometimes to be

observed in Varicella, the Jamaican section of Glandina. There

26 THE NAUTILUS.

are one or two of the rarer species of Spiraxis described by Adams

that are suggestive of Ravenia. An examination of the types of

these may necessitate their removal from Spirazis.

Note.—I am inclined to believe that the relation between the

Jamaican Glandinas and the various genera of Stenogyra found in

the same island is much closer than supposed. Often the dividing

line between Opeas, Subulina and Varicella is annoyingly close. It

is to be regretted that a comparative anatomical study of the Glan-

dina and Stenogyra in Jamaica has never been made.

LAND SHELLS OF GUN CAY, BAHAMAS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Gun Cay is a tiny islet on the extreme western border of the

Bahama group. It is low, with very scant vegetation—‘“‘a few

scattered specimens of cactus, wild grapes, wild geraniums and ver-

bena’”’—with the usual Bahaman shore plants. There is a light-

house, but no settlement.

Dr. Wm. H. Rush, U.S. N., some years ago collected there the

following species :

1. Ctenopoma bahamense Shuttl.? One very young specimen.

2. Cepolis (Hemitrochus) sp. (young; rib-striate, like C. filicosta

Pir.);

3. Thysanophora vortex Pfr.

4. Cerion incanum Binney. Basal volution more distinctly cos-

tate than in Key West examples.

5. Cerion Pillsburyi Pilsbry & Vanatta.’ A new form resembling

C. regina, but with narrow umbilical area. It is named at the re-

quest of Dr. Rush, in honor of Lieutenant-Commander John Elliott

Pillsbury, of the U. S. Coast Survey steamer “ Blake.”

6. Cerion glans Kister, var.

The only previous record from this islet isin Bull. Mus. Comp.

Zool., vol. xxv, no. 9, p. 119, 1894, where Dall enumerates three spe-

cies collected by Prof. A. Agassiz: Cerion cinereum, C. pannosum

and Cepolis (Hemitrochus) Troscheli. The young Hemitrochus

taken by Dr. Rush may be an immature Troscheli, but it is more

strongly ribbed than usual] in that species.

1 Described in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1897, p. 366.

THE NAUTILUS. 27

C. pannosum is a species of Little Cayman, south of Cuba, and as

none of the Cayman species have been known to occur in the Ba-

hamas, it is not unlikely that the identification might be modified

on further comparison of good specimens; | think it likely that the

form described as C. Pillsburyi is what was identified as pannosum,

which it somewhat resembles. C. cinereum of Maynard is the typi-

eal C. glans Kiister of New Providence, so that this corresponds with

what Dr. Rush collected.

At all events, it appears that at least six or seven species of land

shells inhabit Gun Cay.

Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5.

Figs. 1, 2,3, 4, Cerion Fordii Pilsbry and Vanatta; Fig. 5, Cerion Pills-

buryi P. & V., the latter from Gun Cay.

A NEW SPECIES OF CERES FROM MEXICO.

BY W. HaepAnL:

Ceres Nelsoni n. sp.

Shell large, depressed, with a sharp, somewhat upturned keel over

which the inner edge of succeeding whorls is laid ; color from pale

lemon-yellow to deep orange, the umbilical region polished, translu-

cent and always pale lemon-yellow; whorls seven, the nucleus pol-

ished, smooth, translucent, slightly prominent, of a whorl and a half;

succeeding whorls flattened above, with an appressed suture, with

low, fine raised threads in harmony with the incremental lines tend-

ing to break up into granules, which, with the growth of the shell,

gradually come to take on a centrifugal direction, and, in the adult,

near the aperture, have a trend nearly at right angles to the lines of

growth; on the base the rugosities have a more punctate or vermi-

28 THE NAUTILUS.

cular aspect, and in the young are much obscured by the polish of

the base of the shell; base rounded moderately, about as much as

the spire, slightly depressed, with a very thin, brilliantly polished

callus near the axis; aperture with the upper lip projecting consid-

erably beyond the lower one, moderately thickened and rounded,

overrunning the keel at the inner corner where there is a narrow,

sharp sulcus, of which the termination in fully adult shells makes a

a decided notch in the edge of the lip; lower lip receding, flexuous

slightly thickened ; throat with three basal, one axial and two par-

ietal, strong, subequal, spiral laminz, much as in C. salleana, the

pillar very short, rendered flexuous by the end of the keel; the in-

ternal walls of the preceding whorls and most of the axis, absorbed.

Lat. of base (major) 30, (minor) 26, alt. 11 mm.

Habitat, Pilitla, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, E. W. Nelson.

This is the finest species of the genus, more evenly divided by the

keel, more depressed, and larger than C. salleana or C. eolina, the

only species hitherto known.

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENITAL ORGANS OF UNIONIDZ,

WITH REFERENCE TO CLASSIFICATION.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

( Concluded.)

“ Margaritana.” Considerable changes will be necessary about

those species hitherto ranged under this genus, and some evidently

related forms, e.g. Unio pressus Lea and Anod. edentula Say. The

latter two species seem to stand near Marg. truncata, rugosa and

complanata. In all of them, the soft parts are of rather the same

appearance, and especially so are the branchiz, of which the outer

are gravid, in almost their whole extent, from fall to spring. U.

pressus, Marg. rugosa and A. edentula were found with the posterior

halves of the branchize empty—evidently just emptied, the anterior

part still filled with young, in spring. Some of them were seen with

the branchise empty, the gonads charged, in July.

In edentula, the young are arranged in a singular way, apparently

different from others. There are small, cylindrical, worm-like, whit-

ish masses, of about one mill. diameter, lying transversely in the

branchiz, closely packed together. In them, the young are located,

six to ten or more in each one, in single or double file, each one in

THE NAUTILUS. 29

an isolated cavity, which is evidently corresponding with, and de-

scendant from an ovum. These cylinders seem to be not homologous

with the “sacks” in Lampsilis and other groups, and may properly

be called placente. When removed from the branchiz and sur-

rounded by water, they swell up, at the same time becoming more

translucent, aud each embryo is dislodged from its cavity, evidently

expelled by the swelling of the surrounding substance, and the exit

facilitated by its softening. But each one is still hanging on the

cylinder, held by a short byssus thread, whose proximal end is

attached to the soft parts of the young, the distal to the inner lining

of the ovum cavity. Very probably these placentz are discharged

as such by the parent, with the young first enclosed, and then

attached for some time.

In the other species named above, the arrangement is rather

similar; the young are attached to and held together by filaments

which seem to be homologous with the placentz of edentula. And

the same byssus has been seen in the young of marginata, coiled up

at the distal end.

The embryonic young of these species as well known, are all of

the same type, 7. e. pointed below and strongly “hooked,” quite

different from those of other groups, a very significant character.

The shells of the adult show some common features, and their nacre

is of rather the same appearance. All these qualities combined seem

to prove that the several species under consideration, with some

nearly related forms, constitute a rather well characterized genus.

That the hinge of edentula is still more rudimentary than that of

most of the others, can be no valid argument to the contrary, and

also the more developed placentz are, in my opinion, of secondary

significance.

3. Gonad and gravid branchice in the young and old; Parasite.—

It has already been stated that in young individuals, two, three, or

possibly four years old, the gonads are not yet developed at all, and

at that period the shells show no distinction of sexes, even in Lamp-

silis. The animals seem to be asexual and, in this respect may be

regarded as larve. There are very few animals, of higher or lower

order, showing this peculiarity in their apparently definite state,

except possibly some of their congeners, marine Pelecypods. When

the gonads commence growing, there are at first few acini developed,

producing small quantities of cither ova or sperma. It is a ques-

tion, however, whether at that juvenile age the future sex of an in-

30 THE NAUTILUS.

dividual be already established in some way, or becomes so only

with the development of the gonad.

On the other hand, in very old specimens, the ovaries and testes

seem to become atrophied, and lose their capacity of producing

ova and sperma, respectively. There is a mass of fibrous, connec-

tive tissue, while the glandular elements are considerably diminished

or entirely lost.

Yet it must be mentioned here that there is another cause of that

degeneration. In the ovaries and testes of many species and differ-

ent genera, from the Ohio and Tuscarawas Rivers, the Ohio canal,

and other places, I have found a singular, polymorphous, worm-like

parasite, of microscopic size and low organization, sometimes in 1m-

mense numbers. It is very common, in old and middle-aged spec-

imens, and wherever it occurs, the products of the gonad are con-

siderably diminished or entirely suppressed. Details will be found

in another place.

It has been stated that in young Lampsilis the number of sacks in

the marsupium is considerably smaller than in older ones. In the

younger specimens of most other groups only a small area of the

outer branchiz may be charged, and slightly so, usually about the

middle. The same is found in phaseolus. One specimen, 62 mill.

long, had 12 sacks on one side, 38 on the other; all of them were

quite small, but of rather unequal sizes.

4. Hermaphroditism, ete.—-It has been asserted, by different writers,

partly long ago, that some, if not all, of the Unionide are herma-

phroditic, as some other groups of Pelecypods are. From my own

observations I can say that it is found occasionally, rather an ex-

ception than the rule, in the large majority of our species. In a

number of specimens, ova and sperma were found in the same gonad,

but usually one product was greatly in excess of the other. Very

probably it has been overlooked in many instances, as there may be

only a few acini producing sperma in an “ ovary,” or vice versa. It

takes a very keen eye to see that unaided, and to look over every

parcel of a large gonad, requires an undue amount of time, when

scores and hundreds of specimens are to be examined. And so it

would be with microscopic examination, either by looking over

samples from all parts of the gonad, or by section series on hardened

specimens. Yet the question should be studied carefully, especially

as to Anod. imbecillis and some other species. That would be a task

for persons having a good deal of time at their disposal.

THE NAUTILUS. 31

One specimen of U. rubiginosus Lea, (Ohio Canal, May) hada

few acini producing ova in the gonad charged with copious sperma.

In that instance the distinction was easy, for the bright crimson

color of the ova. Among 120 specimens of U. pyramidatus, from

the Ohio River, collected late in September, two were found contain-

ing ova and sperma in the same gonads. Of U. parvus Barnes one

specimen had a good quantity of sperma beside ova in abundance.

This case especially needs revision. Among a limited number of

Anod. imbecillis four specimens (Ohio Canal, May) were found with

ova and sperma in various proportions.

The question whether such individuals are capable of self-im-

pregnation, might be decided by experiment on such species where

hermaphroditism is frequent.

It has also been said that a total change of the sexes may take

place in an individual, and that question also could be settled only

by long continued observation and experiments. Ora large num-

ber of specimens might be marked in some way, in a pond or certain

place ofa river or creek, and as many as can be found again, would

be controlled year after year. That, however, would be necessary

only for such forms in which the shells show no sexual differences.

While such a change is a priori improbable in all Uniones, it ap-

pears really absurd in regard to those forms in which the sexes are

established and manifested by permanent characters of the branchiz,

and also the shells, as in Lampsilis and some others.

It may be mentioned here that, as to my knowledge, observations

on the question of possible agamogenesis and parthenogenesis, in

Unionide, have not been made. Carefully conducted experiments

might give interesting results in that direction. They would neces-

sarily be difficult, for the possibility of hermaphroditism and self-

impregnation, in every instance.

5. Sexual differences of the shells—In Lampsilis, as well known,

the posterior inferior part in the female mussel is dilated to make

room for the marsupium, yet this dilatation is very various in kind

and degree. But the differences sometimes are in a certain measure

relative, owing to the nature of the habitat, and to inheritance. L.

luteolus, e. g., in certain localities, is so short and inflated that the

males may closely resemble the females from other places where the

mussels are more slender.

In most other “ Uniones,” the differences are little marked. Yet,

in general, the females are more inflated than the males, as in

32 THE NAUTILUS.

undulatus, pustulosus, ete. In U. gibbosus the sexes may be rec-

ognized with a fair degree of probability by the more inflated shells

of the females.

A decided difference we find in U. verrucosus Raf. (tuberculatus:

Barn.), where the older females are considerably elongated at the

posterior end, that part of the shell being rather even, without the

characteristic undulations and warty prominences. In younger,.

though fecund specimens, that feature is yet little marked.

U. phaseolus shows no constant differences in the sutural shape of

the shell, but a decided one on the inner surface, in older speci-

mens. The female has, in each valve, a deep, oblique sulcus corre-

sponding with and leaving room for the gravid outer branchie.

In the female Marg. marginata the posterior end is directed

downward and more inflated (with a stronger umbonal ridge), and

the same can be said of “ An.” edentula, although it is less marked.

6. Numerical proportion of Sexes.—In most species, the number of

males is in excess over that of the females, often considerably. A

few examples may be cited. Of 50 specimens of L. subrostratus

Say, from a lake in Indiana, only about one-third were females, and

the same must be said of a lot of Z. nasutus from Ohio. Here, as

in many species, the females were averaging considerably smaller.

Of 115 U. pyramidatus, from the Ohio River, 71 were males, and

of eight retusus, seven were males, the eighth was young with the

gonad undeveloped. It is a question whether this be the normal

condition or due to local causes, or an evidence of beginning de-

generation.

In concluding, it may be said that the time has come when new

species should be based not only upon the shells, but also the

soft parts, if such be obtainable.

New Philadelphia, Ohio, April, 1898.

A NEW UNIO.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

Unio villosus sp. noy.

Shell ovate-elliptical, somewhat inflated, smooth, very inequi-

lateral, bluntly rounded or subbiangular behind, subtruncate before,

umbonal slope uniformly rounded above, disappearing at the lower

margin. Substance of the shell moderately thin; very slightly

THE NAUTILUS. 33

thickened before. Ligament long, thin and reddish. Beaks prom-

inent and surrounded by coarse, oblique undulations, about four in

number and rather acute at summit. Epidermis fuscous, black and

deeply striate; strong transmitted light shows a light-olive texture,

densely covered throughout with broad, greenish rays. Cardinal

teeth rather solid and deeply serrated. Lateral teeth long, slender,

straight, nearly smooth and extending to the posterior cardinal.

Posterior cicatrices scarcely visible; anterior ones distinct. Beak

cavities slight and rounded. WNacre tinged with salmon under the

umbos, milky white anteriorly and of a bright blue and irridescent

behind. Width, 24 in., length 14 in., diam. 2 in.

Habitat.—Suwannee River, Suwannee County, Florida.

Type in National Museum.

Remarks.—This species seems to be related to both the amygdalum

and parvus groups, is readily distinguishable from any of its associates

by its remarkable width, beautiful rays and pointed, compressed

posterior. It reminds one most of U. minor Lea, with which it is

found, having the same dark, fuscous epidermis, and like that species

is disposed to be sub-truncate before, but the rays, light teeth, thinner

substance and greater size at once distinguish it. Some forms of U.

trossulus Lea approach it, but the beak sculpture, outline and teeth

are radically different, besides that species is never rough, but is

smooth, polished and yellowish when taken from the water; the

rays of the two species are quite similar, except that those of our

species are only visible by the aid of transmitted light.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS.

SyNopsis OF THE RECENT AND TERTIARY PSAMMOBIID OF

Norro America, by W. H. Dall (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences of

Philadelphia, pages 57 to 62). The title of this paper gives some

idea of the ground covered by it. In the genus Psammobia a new

section Grammatomya, is made by Dr. Dall, and in the group

Sanguinolaria another one, Nuttallia is formed, with Sanguinolaria

Nuttallii Conrad as the type. Heterodonax has been removed from

the family Donacide into this family. This will be gladly received

by collectors who have been sorely puzzled to find affinites in

Heterodonax bimaculata Lin. with Donax. Besides a full synonomy,

the geographical distribution of thespecies are given. By the way,

34 THE NAUTILUS.

Heterodonax bimaculata is not only collected at San Pedro all the

year round, but is reported as far north as Anacapa Id.—one of the

Channel Islands—off Ventura Co., California. Fossil species of

Psammobiidee of the Eocene, Miocene and Pliocene formations are

listed. A long list of shells that have been incorrectly named are

appended under the title “Synonyms and Corrections.” Some idea

of the confusion which must have existed among some of the fossils

of this family may be inferred when we find no less than five names

have erroneously been bestowed upon Heterodonax bimaculata Lin.

Dr. Dall’s revision will be especially valuable to conchologists on

the S. Atlantic and Pacific Coasts— MM. B. W.

On tHe MoprricaTions OF THE APEX IN GastRoPOD MoL-

Lusks, by Frank C. Baker, (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1X, 1897).

The apices of numerous species, including representatives of the

main families of Gastropoda are described and illustrated by three

plates of outline figures, drawn by the author. No considerable

departures from a simple form occurred except in the Rhachiglossa.

THE Post-PLIOCENE NON-MARINE Mo.uusca oF Essex, by A.

S. Kennard and B. B. Woodward, (Essex Naturalist, X, 1897, pp.

87-109). ‘This extensive paper apparently covers the subject in a

thorough manner. Individual variation in the Pleistocene was even

more marked than at the present day. The absence of Helix

pomatia furnishes additional proof of the theory that it is post-

Roman in its introduction into England; but H. aspersa has been

recognized from pre-Roman deposits. Hulota fruticum (now extinct

in England) occurs; and Cyclostoma elegans was more widely dif-

fused than at present. Some of the fossil species are more boreal in

the modern fauna ; however there are also some species more south-

ern in present distribution, so that a colder climate is not necessarily

to be predicated. Helicella caperata is the only species which has

increased in size since the Pleistocene, all the other forms having

certainly diminished. “ There can be no doubt that the Pleistocene

molluscan fauna was in every way a finer one than that now exist-

ing,” a conclusion of considerable interest, agreeing as it does with

the mammalian fauna, which however has, of course, been affected

by human intervention. The comparative age of the several expos-

ures is fully discussed.

Another paper, “ THe Mo.iusca oF THE ENGLISH CAVE DEPos-

its” by the same authors, appears in Journ. Malac. Soc. Lond.,

THE NAUTILUS. 3d

Nov., 1897, supplements the preceding. “ Hygromia umbrosa Partsch

(from Ightham fissure) is by far the most noteworthy form, since it

‘has not been met with previously on this side of the channel. Its

present range is southern Germany, Bohemia, Switzerland, etc., and

according to Mérch, near Holstenburg in Denmark.” A peculiar

form of Carychium minimum also occurs. The exact age of this

deposit is somewhat doubtful, but it is certainly Pleistocene. “ Taken

altogether, the shells from our cave deposits are decidedly larger

than recent examples, and there can be no doubt that there has been

a marked diminution in the size of our indigenous mollusca, and

probably also in their numbers since Pleistocene times.” In Amer-

ica the only extensive Post-Pliocene deposit, the Loess, shows an

opposite tendency, and the few Pleistocene caves, such as the fissure

at Port Kennedy, which proved to be rich in sloth, sabre-tooth, pec-

eary and other mammalian remains, have so far yielded no mollusca.

M. le Dr. JoussEAME describes an alleged new genus and species

of Nuculide as Diabolica diabolica (Le Naturaliste, Nov., 1897, p.

265). Comment is superfluous.

VERZEICHNISS DER AUF DEN PHILIPPINEN LEBENDEN LAND

Mo.iusken, by Dr. O. von Mollendorff. (Abhandl. naturforsch

Gesellsch.). In this timely list the multitudinous new species added

to the Philippine fauna in recent years by Hidalgo and especially von

Mollendorff are intercalated with those made known by Semper and

the older authors, the whole classified, with references to descriptions

and localities ; forming an indispensible handbook to the Philippine

fauna. One thousand and seventy-nine species is the grand total of

land shells. As an instance of the additions to this fauna made by

von Mollendorff and his collaborator Quadras, we may mention the

section Diaphora of Ennea, in which 32 of the 35 known species

were described by him. ‘This is an extreme case, but many genera

have been more than doubled in species by von Mollendorff’s

researches. A very large number of the new species were des-

eribed in the “ Nachrichtsblatt”’ without figures; and it is to be

hoped that the author’s intention of figuring these forms will be

fulfilled. We understand that another volume of Semper’s great

work will be devoted to this purpose.

Mr. W. Moss has been investigating the genitalia of the English

Zonitoides species, and has given a preliminary notice of some

interesting results before the (Brit.) Conch. Soc., May 12, 1897.

He announces the finding of a channel-shaped calcareous organ with

36 THE NAUTILUS.

a rim or collar at one end, in the penis, similar to that which he had

previously described and figured in Helix (Cochlicella) acuta.

Further investigations are in progress.

GENERAL NOTES.

Nore on Mouuusks From ArcaprA, Missourr.—Mr. Frank

M. Woodruff, while on a collecting trip during the latter part of

May and first part of June, incidentally picked up a few mollusks, a

list of which may be of some value and interest in the study of geo-

graphic distribution. The region is reported by Mr. Woodruff to be

rather stony and arid, the rock being granitic, and pulmonate mol-

lusks, therefore, were very scarce. The Mississippi River was very

high, in fact a veritable torrent, and but one fresh-water mollusk

was found. The list of species is as follows :—

Lampsilis ventricosus Barnes. Arcadia.

Polygyra exoleta Binney. Vineland.

Polygyra thyroides Say. Vineland.

Polygyra clausa Say. Arcadia.

Polygyra appressa Say. Arcadia.

Polygyra dorfeuilliana Lea. Areadia.

Vitrea indentata Say. Arcadia.

Pyramidula alternata Say. Areadia.

All of the specimens were typical. One specimen of appressa had

a rather flat spire, but was otherwise normal.—F RANK C. BAKER.

Fosstt Pearis.—Not having read anywhere that “ fossil” pearls

have been found or noticed in the literature, | submit the following

facts :-—

Some years ago, while looking over some sand (very carefully)

that I had collected on the Chipola River in west Florida, from

Oligocene strata, I found and saved a pretty little pearl. I after-

wards found one in some Pliocene sand from California collected by

Dr. R. E. C. Stearns. I also found one other in some sand from

Claiborne, Ala., which I had collected from the Eocene. Lately,

while looking over some fossils from the “ Woods Bluff” Eocene

from Thomasville and Choctaw Corner, Clarke Co., Ala., I found

one other pretty little fellow, so that we now have four of them here

for investigation.

Such fossil specimens may be in other museums, but I have not

seen or heard of the fact after diligent enquiry among the wisest of

our workers here—F RANK Burns, Pu. D.

Reis N\ Aer US.

Worx LL: AUGUST, 1898. No. 4.

THE MOLLUSKS OF THE GREAT AFRICAN LAKES.

Mr. J. E. S. Moore has recently studied the Mollusk fauna of the

African Lakes Nyassa and Tanganyika, and has recorded a portion

of his results, which prove to be of very great interest.’

It is pointed out that the molluscan genera constituting the lake

faunas of Africa fall into two catagories; those genera more or less

widely distributed in Africa such as Unio, Spatha, Iridina, Corbic-

ula, Limnea, Isidora, Planorbis, Ancylus, Ampullaria, Vivipara, By-

thinia, Melania and their immediate allies, these constituting a per-

feetly normal group, all or most members of which occur in most of

the lakes yet explored. The second group comprises Typhobia,

Nassopsis, Limnotrochus, Syrnolopsis, Tanganyicia, Bathanalia, Para-

melania, Bythoceras and some other forms, and is confined to the

single lake Tanganyika. This series of genera is called by Mr.

Moore the “ Halolimnic group.” With few exceptions, they are

deep water forms, mainly ranging from 200 to 1000 ft. which was

the greatest depth reached, while the species of the “ normal” group

of genera live mainly within the 100 ft. line. After a thorough

discussion of the geological and biological aspects of the case, Mr.

Moore concludes that the Halolimnie mollusks in Tanganyika owe

their origin to an ancient connection with the sea.

'Proc. Roy. Soc., LXII, no. 387, March 29, 1898. Quarterly Journ. Mic.

Sci., XLI, pt. 1, p. 159, March, 1898.

38 THE NAUTILUS.

“ Tnstead of the Halolimnic molluses being restricted to the shallow

ereeks and bays about the coast, they swarm on the rough surf-

swept rocks and on the open beach. And what is more remarkable

than this, they extend in great profusion to the deepest portions of

the lake. Thus, dredging in water which varied in depth from 800

to 1,200 feet, I always obtained plenty of Typhobia, Paramelania,

Bathanalia, and Bythoceras among the Gastropods, as well as the

so-called Unio Burtoni among the Lamellibranchiata ; and how far

these genera extended beyond these depths I cannot say, but they

showed no signs of dying out, but rather the reverse. On the lake

floors which were not so deep as this, from 200 to 300 feet below the

surface, but which were yet deep enough to have yielded nothing by

dredging in Nyassa, there was an abundance of Limnotrochus,

Syrnolopsis and Neothauma, together with those varieties of Melania

which inhabit Tanganyika. It is thus rendered apparent by these

observations that the Halolimnic molluscs are all either surf-swept

rock dwellers, or entirely deep-water forms. It is thus apparent

that the Halolimnic molluses are completely dissociated from the

normal fresh-water forms, along with which they exist in Tanga-

nyika, not only by their singular geographical isolation, but by

their bathymetric distribution also; the conclusions to which the

facts of their geographical distribution seem to point being thus com-

pletely substantiated from another point of view. There are, how-

ever, yet other ways in which the fact that the Halolimnic fauna is

entirely distinct from, and unconnected with the more normal series

becomes clear. For in many branches of biological inquiry we are

often rightly guided by impressions which, like the types of human

physioguomy, are real enough, but quite incapable of definite ex-

pression. Impressions of this character are at once produced on

reaching Tanganyika, as I did, after studying the fauna of several

neighboring lakes. For there is a singular and oceanic profusion

of life in Tanganyika, which is quite peculiar, and it quickly be-

comes evident that this numerical increase in the aquatic population

does not affect the normal fresh-water stock, it is solely produced by

the astonishing abundance of the members of the Halolimnie group.

“Tn contrast with the shallows of Nyassa, the creeks and bays of

Tanganyika swarm with crabs and prawns, and the open sandy

beaches are strewn with empty Halolimnic shells; dead detached

fragments of the deep-water sponges are tossed up by hundreds on

THE NAUTILUS. 39

the shore. And on the extensive rocky coasts the barely submerged

stones are covered with the so-called Lithoglyplus and Nassopsis, just

as the half-tide rocks swarm with Natica and Litorina on an English

beach. Further, on putting out into the lake itself, the deep open

water is filled and discolored with clouds of pelagic Protozoa

(chiefly Peridinia and Condylostoma) ; and during the dry season

swarms of the lake jelly-fish are seen pulsating at all depths.

“ Recapitulating, it may be said, then, that the facts of the geo-

graphical and bathymetric distribution of the great lake molluscs

lead to the following results :—That among all the fresh-water lakes

of the African continent which have hitherto been explored there

exists a type of fauna which is curiously similar throughout. It

differs only in the specific representation of the same genera which

these lakes contain. This generalized African lake fauna contains

only those families and genera of molluscs which would be regarded

as typically fresh-water, lake, river, and pond dwellers, in whatever

continent the fresh-water might occur. In one African lake, how-

ever, but in one lake only, there have been found to exist, super-

added to this normal lacustrine stock, a number of Gastropods

which do not closely resemble any other forms either living or extinct ;

these molluses are also completely dissociated from the remaining

normal series of the lake in which they occur by their modes of life.

Together these molluscs constitute the molluscan section of a whole

faunistic series, which in Tanganyike is added to the normal fresh-

water stock the lake contains. This fauna forms what I have

called the Halolimnic group, and the tout ensemble of all the Halo-

limnic genera is marine.”

The detailed anatomy of the Halolimnic genera is described in

the second part of Mr. Moore’s paper. Typhobia and the allied new

genus Bathanalia are extremely peculiar in many respects. The

dentition resembles most that of the Strombide and Calyptrwide.

The nervous system is most like Strombide, Cancellaria, Voluta, ete.,

with some peculiar features, and totally unlike any freshwater

families. There isa crystalline style in the stomach, such as occurs

in Pterocera. The external peuis is a new development in the

mantle-wall. The gills are like those of Strombide. <A respiratory

siphon is developed. On the whole, Typhobia and Bathanalia, for

which the family Typhobiide is proposed, may fairly be held to be

an old branch of the stock whence Strombide arose.

40 THE NAUTILUS.

ON A NEW SPECIES OF MYLLITA.

BY, W., HaeDALL.

The genus Myllita was founded in 1850 by d’Orbigny and Récluz

on a species named by Récluz VW. Deshayesii, which was subsequently

wrongly united to Pythina Hinds by Adams and others. This

error was pointed out by E. A. Smith in a discussion of the genus

Pythina in 1891. The original authors wrongly ascribed a tri-

angular pallial sinus to Myllita. The name was subsequently

changed to Mylitta by Kobelt but there does not seem to be ground

for the assumption that the original name was based on that of the

city. The essential characters of the genus are as follows:

Shell small, equivalve, with a small anterior and posterior dorsal

gape, with an obsolete external amphidetic ligament and a strong

internal resilium, the latter with a mesial calcareous coating; pallial

line simple, with rather large adductor scars ; foot strong, byssifer-

ous ; the young incubated, as in Kellia, within the mother’s tissues,

numerous, vitreous, smooth ; the adult strong, with concentric and

radiate or divaricate sculpture, the surface more or less punctate or

sagrinate; hinge with, in the left valve single lateral laminze in

front and behind, with a /\-shaped or petaloid cardinal ; the right

valve is similar but with double laterals, the resilium set in a well

marked suleus below the ventral posterior lamina. Type J.

Deshayesii Récluz.

Two species have since been described as Pythina: Myllta tas-

manica Tension- Woods (1875) from Tasmania and M. Stowet Hutton

(1873) from New Zealand. The former proves from authentic speci-

mens to be quite distinct from If. Deshayesii. Smith added, in

1891, M. auriculata from Tasmania.

M. Deshayesii has the right cardinal merely grooved, not /\-shaped ;

in M. tasmanica both are conspicuously /\-shaped. In M. Stowei the

right cardinal is small, slender and simple, the anterior lamin very

short and stout, the posterior laminz quite long and slender. The

resilium in the latter is rather short, and there is a small impressed

lunule over the dorsal anterior lamina. In all, the external ligament

is feeble but present and amphidetic. The following new species is

in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia.

THE NAUTILUS. 41

Myllita inequalis n. sp.

Shell obovate, very inequilateral, equivalve, solid whitish, with

moderately convex valves, the beaks at about the posterior third,

not prominent; sculpture of concentric punctate striz and, toward

the ends of the shell, feeble radial ribs not prolonged to the medial

part of the disk from which they appear to divaricate; hinge as in

the M. Deshayesii except that the cardinal tooth is petaloid rather

than /\-shaped ; posterior laterals short; the pallial line somewhat

sinuous or impressed anteriorly, ventral margins of the valves plain.

Lon. 3, alt. 2°4, diam. 1:7 mm.

This was received from South Australia where it was collected by

E. H. Matthews, Esq. It is immediately separable from any of the

other species of Myllita by its form and inequilateral, feebly sculpt-

ured valves.

The shell of M. tasmanica contained the dried animal and a

multitude of minute young fry included in the parental tissues. The

dry foot was ligulate with a very large byssal sulcus.

The hinge of Myllita seems quite close in its essential features to

that of Lasea rubra.

NOTE ON ISCHNOCHITON ONISCUS Krauss AND I. ELIZA-

BETHENSIS Pilsbry.

BY, E.R. SYKESgeBe Ay. Bo. 8.

In a paper by Mr. Pilsbry’ specimens previously recorded from

South Africa under the name of ‘ Chiton marginatus’ were described

as a new species under the name of IJschnochiton Elizabethensis.

About the same date I expressed’ the opinion that these specimens

should really be referred to J. oniseus. My paper was in type when

Mr. Pilsbry’s appeared, but I was able to call attention to his views

in a foot-note.

Recently I have had submitted to me a series of specimens, care-

fully preserved in spirit, and have come to the conclusion that Mr.

Pilsbry was quite right in his separation of I. Elizabethensis, and

that the species I now have from Durban, Isipingo, and Umkomaas

1 NAUTILUS, viii, p. 9 (May, 1894).

2 Proc. Malac. Soc., i, p. 133 (June, 1894).

42 THE NAUTILUS.

is the true J. oniscus. The main difference in sculpture is that in J.

oniscus the lateral areas are longitudinally striolate, and the median

areas more elevated than in J. Elizabethensis; further, the girdle

scales in the former species are minutely striated, while in the latter

they are smooth. The coloration in J. oniscus is very variable; it

may be pure white; white stained with brown ; lilac with or with-

out brown, yellow, or green markings; green or yellow with black-

ish dots; indeed the variations are Protean. The girdle coloring

is in general co-related to the colors of the shell and is usually

marked in a somewhat similar pattern. One specimen measures in

length 16 mill. and 7 mill. in breadth. Geographically, J. oniscus

appears to be confined to Natal, and J. Elizabethensis to Cape

Colony.

NOTES ON NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN AMNICOLIDE.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Lyogyrus granum (Say).

This species has long been known as an Amnicola. It was origin-

ally described as Paludina grana by Thomas Say, from the “ fish

ponds at Harrowgate,” now within the city of Philadelphia. Say

did not describe the operculum. Haldeman merely quotes Say’s

description in his monograph. Binney does the same in L. and Fr.-

W.Sh. N. A. III, p. 86, but-he gives a figure of a type, which is

still preserved in the Philadelphia collection.

Tryon and Gabb both collected specimens within the city limits,

and later it has been found in various localities in Pennsylvania and

New Jersey. The following lots are now in the collection of the

Academy: Philadelphia (Say, Tryon) ; Fairmount [Park] (Gabb) ;

Macerating tub at A. N.S., fed from city water main (McCadden) ;

Paradise, Lancaster Co., Pa. (Witmer Stone); near Kaighn’s Point,

N. J. (M. Schick); Paulinskill, Hainesburgh, and Cedar Lake,

Warren Co., N. J. (Pilsbry).

Numerous specimens identified by various conchologists as “ A.

grana,” from Canada, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, ete., prove to be other

species upon close examination ; and so far as present information

goes, Say’s species extends from Lancaster Co., and Philadelphia,

Pa., and Camden, N. J., nerthward to the ponds and lakes of north-

THE NAUTILUS. 43

ern New Jersey. As Say remarks, it is found “crawling on the

dead leaves which have fallen to the bottom of the water.”

I have learned by the examination of numerous specimens, that

the operculum is multispiral, and the species will, therefore, be trans-

ferred to the genus Lyogyrus of Gill. This character will readily

separate the shell from small forms of Ammnicola.

Amnicola missouriensis n. sp.

One of the forms labelled “ Amnicola grana” in the collection of

the Academy proves to be a new and very distinct species, which

may be described as follows:

Shell minute, imperforate, obliquely ovate, light brown ; surface

smooth except for slight growth-lines; composed of 53 very con-

vex whorls separated by unusually deep sutures ; apex obtuse, often

eroded ; the last whorl! shortly defiexed in front in adult specimens.

Aperture rotund-ovate, being slightly narrowed above, but not

angular there; not modified in form by the preceding whorl ;

inoderately oblique ; peristome continuous, not closely appressed at

the upper left side; columellar margin calloused within, thick. Alt.

1-7, diam. 1:5 mm.: length of aperture 0°8 mm.

Carter County, Missouri (John Wolf).

Much smaller than Bythinella Aldrichi Call, shorter, with thick

and heavy columellar lip.

Amnicola Walkeri n. sp.

Shell thin, narrowly umbilicate, conic, shaped like Lyogyrus

Brownti Carpenter ; slightly yellowish corneous ; thin, smooth, with

faint growth-lines. Whorls 4, very convex, separated by deeply

constricting sutures, the last whorl rounded below; apex obtuse.

Aperture oblique, rather smal], mainly basal, a little longer than

wide, but nearly circular, the inner margin a trifle straightened

above ; peristome continuous, in contact with the preceding whorl

for an extremely short distance above. Operculum and dentition

Amnicoloid.

Alt. 3, diam. 2; length of aperture 14, width 14 mm.

Alt. 23, diam. 24; length of aperture 1:08, width 1 mm.

Lake Michigan at High Island Harbor, Beaver Is., at 10 meters

depth ; Reed’s Lake, Grand Rapids, Mich.; River Rouge, Wayne

Co., Mich. ; the types from the first locality mentioned.

This species has been under examination by Mr. Bryant Walker

and myself for some months. It was thought at one time to be Say’s

44 THE NAUTILUS.

granum ; but besides certain differences in form, this has an Amni-

coloid operculum, while in granum it is Valvatoid.

The specimens from River Rouge are smaller and more elongated

than average shells of the type lot; those from Reed’s Lake are

fairly typical in form, but perhaps a little thinner.

The name is in honor of Mr. Bryant Walker, to whose acumen

the discovery of the form, and of its distinctness from known Michi-

gan Amnicolide, is due.

While investigating the characters of the above species, I have

had an opportunity, through the courtesy of Prof. W. H. Dall, to

examine the types of Amnicola parva and A. orbiculata Lea, de-

scribed from Springfield, Ohio.

A. parva is like A. limosa in the umbilicus and obtuse apex, but

is smaller with the whorls particularly tumid just below the suture,

producing a somewhat shouldered appearance, such as characterizes

Amnicola cincinnatiensis (Anth.). The same form occurs at Joliet,

lilinois, Muscatine, Iowa, ete. It measures alt. 3°8, diam. 3°2 mm.

or somewhat smaller. Whether it is a stunted form of limosa due

to unfavorable station, or is constantly distinguishable I have not

ascertained ; but it is at all events quite recognizable. The types

show more or less blackish incrustation about the spire, and evidently

did not occur with Lea’s specimens of orbiculata.

A. orbieulata is absolutely identical with A. limosa var. porata

Say. The specimens vary between the widely umbilicated porata

form, and an intermediate form. They are finely grown shells, quite

fresh though without opercula, and rather corneous than “ yellow-

ish” as Lea says. There was no “* mistake” about Lea’s “specimen

of this species among many small shells which were thrown together

in a box, as being collected from our vicinity” (Philadelphia), for

fimosa and porata are abundant in both the Delaware and Schuyl|kill

rivers. ‘Two of Lea’s type lot measure :

Alt. 5, diam. 4 mm.

Alt. 4, diam. 4 mm.

A NEW SPECIES OF TEREBRA FROM TEXAS.

BY W. H.-DALL.

Some years ago the Hon. J. D. Mitchell, of Victoria, Texas, sent

to the National Museum a much dilapidated specimen of Terebra

THE NAUTILUS. 45

from the Gulf coast of Matagorda Island, which could not be iden- |

tified with any described species. Subsequently Mr. Mitchell sent

the upper part of the spire of another specimen in rather better pre-

servation.

A specimen in perfect condition in the hands of a lighthouse

keeper was heard of, and a description was deferred in the hope that

this shell might be obtained for the purpose. After a long delay

the loan of it was secured, but it proved to be merely a common

Indo-pacifie shell and not the Texan one. The following description

is therefore drawn up from the two known specimens in the hope

that, attention being thus drawn to it, some one may succeed in

securing fresh specimens.

Terebra Texana n. sp.

Shell large, solid, strong, with more than 21 slightly rounded

whorls, color pale yellowish with darker yellow or brown flammule ;

sculpture of two revolving grooves one on each side of a peripheral

slightly raised band, a little narrower than the areas between it and

the sutures ; the whorls are crossed by numerous small flexuous rib-

lets in harmony with the lines cf growth, those on the band and pos-

terior area oblique but nearly straight, those on the anterior area

coneayely arcuate, these are stronger on the spire and more feeble

on the last whorl or two; suture appressed, distinct ; last whorl

moderately rounded ; pillar twisted, strong, with a sharp revolving

keel and a feeble revolving ridge above it, continuing up the axis

of the shell, but not visible in the aperture where the pillar seems

only callous and rounded; siphonal notch and fasciole strong.

Length (of 21 whorls) 137 mm., diameter of last whorl 24 mm.

This is the first typical Terebra known from the tropical waters

of eastern America, and is much stouter and larger than the T.

(Subula) floridana Dall. Ido not find any other species with closely

similar sculpture.

GENERAL NOTES.

The death of Dr. W. H. DeCamp on July 4th is announced. A

biographical sketch will appear in our next number.

CoLUMBELLA AVARA IN BraziL AND Urucuay.—Dr. E. von

Martens has recently described the form from Maldonado Bay re-

46 THE NAUTILUS.

ferred to Columbella avara Say, in this journal for May, 1897, as

a new species, C. brasiliana (Archiv fiir Naturg., vol. 63, p. 171).

The only difference he notes between this and the avara is that the

intervals between ribs are smooth, not spirally striated. In the ser-

ies of C. avara from Florida examined by me, this supposed distine-

tion proves to be invalid, some of them being quite as smooth as the

South American shells, At most, C. brasiliana is only a variety.

In the same paper, the Columbella misera Duclos (not Sowb.) is re-

named C. japonica.—H. A. P.

Notes on UrvuGuay anp ARGENTINE FRESH-WATER SHELLS

supplemental to the list in Nauritts, X, pp. 76-81.

Amalia gagates Drap. Maldonado, Uruguay.

Chilina Rushii Pilsbry. The largest specimen collected measures :

alt. 223, diam. 153 mm.; alt. of aperture 16 mm.

Limnea columella Say. Maldonado, Uruguay.

The specimens seem to be the northern species; and if I am right

in the identification it is probably a form introduced by man. No

similar Limnea is known to me from South America. L. columella

occurs as far south as Florida.

Ancylus obliquus B. & S., was collected also at San Carlos R

Uruguay.

The Spherium and Pisidivm mentioned on p. 80 are as follows:

Spherium argentinum @Orb. Creek in the Prado, Montevideo.

Mr. E. R. Sykes of London has, with his accustomed good nature,

compared specimens collected by Dr. Rush with the types in B. M.

He writes: “ There is only one valve of Cyclas argentina, some-

what damaged, in the Museum, with which, as far as one can judge

from such a wreck, your shell is identical.”

Pisidium Sterkianum Pilsbry. Same locality.

Pisidium vile Pilsbry. Same locality.

Requesting Mr. E. R. Sykes to compare these with Orbigny’s

type of P. pulchellum, he wrote “ These are no specimens of Cyclas

pulchella in the Museum and none were presented by d’Orbigny, as

you will see by Gray’s Catalogue. I am, therefore unable to com-

pare these.”

Glabaris latomarginatus Lea and G. tenebricosus Lea were picked

up at Buenos Ayres, dead valves only.—H. A. P.

Nore on Hauisrytus. This group was founded by Dall to

contain a small, pillar-shaped shell, H.coluwmna, from the east coast

THE NAUTILUS. 47

of South America, which has the operculum and dentition of the

Trochide. Subsequently Dr. W. H. Rush dredged the same species

with a new one, H. circumstriutus Pils., in Maldonado Bay, Uruguay.

Dall has referred the Californian Fenella pupoidea of Carpenter to

Halistylus ; quite correctly, as it closely resembles the South Atlantic

species in operculum and shell contour. There was, however, an

earlier Fenella pupoides of A. Adams, which was ruled by Tryon

to preoccupy Carpenter’s name; so that the West Coast species

should be called Halistylus subpupoides (Tryon).—H. A. P.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS.

REVISION OF THE NorTH AMERICAN Siucs: BINNEYA, HEm-

PHILLIA, HESPERARION, PROPHYSAON AND ANADENULUS.’ By H.

A. Pilsbry and E. G. Vanatta—This admirable paper contains so

much that is new and interesting that one can only recommend the

malacologist to read it for himself. No mere abstract would do it

justice. The whole subject is newly presented so as to bring out

clearly the generic and specific characters, and while the work is

complete up to date, it is full of suggestions for further investigation,

so that the reader is stimulated as well as instructed.

The authors excellently insist at the very beginning, that ‘all

the facts of morphology should be taken into account in systematic

classification,” and “ those who starve their souls on a mere study of

the genitalia and oral armature miss the best part of the feast.”

This is very well shown in what follows. Prophysaon cerulewin is

not especially marked by its genitalia or raduia, but differs entirely

from the other species of the genus in the external grooves on the

body. P. humile, on the other hand, has the grooves much as in

the other forms, but differs greatly in the color-markings and geni-

talia. P. foliolatum, again, has a good specific character in the

radula. Thus the species of Prophysaon could not be well elucidated

without examining all their characters, for the specific peculiarities

do not reside in the same organs throughout the series.

The Arionidze are divided into three subfamilies, Arionine,

Binneyinz (which was proposed by the present writer several years

ago) and a new one, Ariolimacine. Eight genera are recognized,

‘Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. [June 30], 1898, pp .219-261. Pls. IX-XVI.

48 THE NAUTILUS.

Phenacarion being very properly suppressed. Prophysaon pacificum

is referred to P. andersoni, a proceeding I had not expected, but

which is probably correct. In this ease P. andersoni v. pacificum

will be the name of the yellow variety, the type being greyish—a

dichroism like that offered by the European Avion subfuseus Drap.

A more perplexing question relates to the probable identity of P.

humile and fasciatum. These slugs are practically alike, except that

the former has the jaw striate, while in the latter it is plicate or rib-

bed. It appears that they occur together at Seattle, so it is hard to

consider the difference as due to anything but variation; yet it is

certainly a curious case. In Philomycus such differences appear to

have specific value.

Phenacarion hemphilli W. G. B., is provisionally regarded as a

synonym of Proph. foliolatum. It is probably a variety distinguished

by having yellow slime covering the body. Arion subfuscus has

such a form, which is quite distinct from the one having a yellow

skin, as in P. pacificum.

While the authors had a considerable amount of material at their

disposal, it is evident that the region occupied by these slugs has by

no means been adequately searched. Not only may it be possible

to define several subspecies or races of Proph. andersoni, but further

new species, and even genera, may be discovered. Anadenulus is

still only known from one locality, where it was found by Hemphill,

and the distribution of most of the species is quite limited ; so there

is plenty of room for striking novelties in those parts of the Pacific

coast region where the foot of the sluggist has never trod.

In the East, those who will hunt in gardens and greenhouses

ought surely to turn up some of the European species of Arion, in

addition to A. hortensis—T. D. A. Cockerell.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TEN New SpercriEs OF TERRESTRIAL MOL-

LUsCA FROM SoutH Arrica.”. By James Cosmo Melvill and John

Henry Ponsonby.—The new species of this installment are mainly

Enneas. A new Dorcasia, D. isomerioides, is described, the new

subgenus Tulbaghinia being instituted for it. Another Achatina

is described. The richness of the fauna of South Africa, made

known through the researches of Messrs. Melvill and Ponsonby, is

remarkable.

Var NSoricus.

Vo. XII. SEPTEMBER, 1898. No. 5.

BIFIDARIA ASHMUNI, A NEW SPECIES OF PUPIDE.

BY DR. V.“SPERKI.

Shell cylindro-conical, with the apex rather acute, base perforated-

rimate ; whorls five, convex, with a rather deep suture, regularly

increasing, the last somewhat protracted, with a crest remote from

the aperture and forming a projecting angle at the base, at last

ascending; aperture strongly lateral, rounded subtriangular, equal-

ling one-third the altitude of the shell, highest near its columellar

side, with a sinus above on the palatal side; margin continuous,

strongly everted, broadest so below, without a lip thickening;

parietal lamella very large, strongly curved, nearer the periphery

at its inner end; angular lamella large, at its inner end united with

the side of the parietal, at the outer with the palatal margin, thus

closing the sinus above; columellar lamella large, spiral, ascending

to the body whorl between the parietal and columella; basal lamella

and inferior palatal fold deep in the throat, the former radial, the

latter above it, oblique; superior palatal short, tooth-like, rather

remote from the margin; surface shining, with slight, irregular

‘strize and microscopically rugulose, as is also the nucleus; shell

horn colored, transparent ; lamelle and folds whitish; alt. 2:0, diam.

1-1 mill.

Habitat: Arizona and New Mexico.

The soft parts could not be examined. In one living specimen,

‘the foot and head were almost colorless, the mantle was slate-

-colored.

50 THE NAUTILUS.

In size, shape and color, our species rather resembles B. procera

Gld., but is somewhat more conic above, and less slender. In the

formation of the last whorl and the aperture it stands near B. con-

tracta Say, but is very different as to the formation of the angulo-

parietal lamella and the presence of a strong, transverse basal. It

is a highly remarkable and significant species, being intermediate

between different groups, and showing strong features of its own.

No other species of the genus has the angulo-parietal lamella so

highly developed.

It is somewhat variable, in the few specimens seen ; the height.

varies from 1:9 to 2°3 millimeters, the color from pale to deep horn ;

the parietal lamella in one New Mexico specimen is more tortuous

and so large as to cover from sight the whole inferior palatal fold,

which is visible only from the outside, and parts of the columellar

and basal lamellee.

The first three specimens seen were from the Santa Rita Mts.,

Arizona, kindly forwarded for examination and description by the

U.S. National Museum, and at the request of Dr. Wm. H. Dall,

the species was named B. ashmuni. Later, two other examples,

from Cook’s Peak, N. M., were sent, also by the National Museum.

For one specimen I am indebted to Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, who-

collected it at Dripping Springs, Organ Mts., N. M.

New Philadelphia, O., July, 1898.

NOTES ON A FEW CHITONS.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

JAPANESE SPECIES.

From the crevices of some valves of Ostraa recently sent to the

Academy, I obtained specimens of the following forms.

Tonicia sp. Very young, length 63 mm.; intermediate valves

with 4-6 eyes in a single curved series on the forward part of each

lateral area. A series of short, subobsolete grooves in front of the

diagonal riblets. Head valve with 8 radial series of eyes. This is

probably a new form, but too young for characterization. It is

noted here because Tonicia is a genus new to the Japanese fauna.

Locality, Yokohama, on Ostrea denselamellosa.

THE NAUTILUS. 51

Several valves of a different Tonicia with rugose lateral areas and

head valve, lirate pleural tracts, and sparse, excessively minute eyes

also occurred.

Ischnochiton comptus Gld.

Ischnochiton Mitsukurii n. sp.

Shell small, elevated, carinated, the side slopes slightly convex ;

whitish, profusely speckled and clouded with brown, which color

predominates toward the periphery.

Valves not beaked, the sutural margins straight; lateral areas

somewhat raised, sculptured with three or four very shallow, incon-

spicuous, radial sulci, hardly visible on some valves; the diagonal

line not conspicuous; entire surface cut into a fine, even granulation

by the intersection of a series of forwardly converging with some-

what stronger forwardly diverging grooves. Anterior valve evenly

granular; posterior valve evenly granular, with central, scarcely

projecting mucro, the slope behind it straight.

Interior with the valve callus delicate purple; in front of it and

at the insertion plates green. Sutural amine small, widely separ-

ated by a wide sinus. Slits in valve i, ; in valves ii to vii, 1-1;

in valve viii, 11. Teeth short, smooth; eaves narrow and solid.

Girdle compactly covered with small, rather coarsely striated

scales, measuring 0:14 mm. in average width.

Length about 8 mm. Angle of divergence 90°.

Japan. Exact locality not known. The name is in honor of the

well known Japanese zoologist.

Socorro Isianp, off Cape St. Lucas.

A few species were collected by Mr. R. C. McGregor some time

ago, and kindly presented to the Academy.

Chiton articulatus Sowb. Very large specimens, measuring 90

mm. long.

Chetopleura sp. undet. A species allied to Ch. columbiensis but

with very few pustules on the lateral areas. The surface having

suffered from immersion in strong formalin, it is hardly in condition

for description.

Trachydermon dentiens (Gld.).

Rather small, black with indistinct dirty yellowish speckling and

the usual sutural dots. Gills ambient, 15 on the right, 13 on the

left side. Socorro Island lies over 500 miles south of the souther-

most previous locality for this species.

52, THE NAUTILUS.

LIST OF MARINE SHELLS COLLECTED AT PORT GUEYDON, KABYLIA,

WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CYCLOSTREMA.

BY C. F. ANCEY.

The following is a list of marine shells mostly collected by the

writer during a part of the summer of 1895. A few not personally

collected are also included here and these are marked with an

asterisk. Much attention has been paid to the minute shells; thus

the larger and less interesting ones have been somewhat neglected,

and there is but little doubt that some, not rare indeed on the North

African shores, are also to be found at Port Gueydon. This is not

so good a locality for collecting as many other places visited by me,

but as no list of marine shells of Kabylia has hitherto been published

I thought the present one should be useful; moreover I discovered

here some little known or very rare forms, two of which at least L

consider as new.

Murex trunculus Lin. One spec-

imen is unusually large and

has an orange-tinged aperture.

Others are rather smail, but

very thick.

Ocinebra Edwardsi Payr.

Ocinebra aciculata Lam. Both

alive.

Muricidea cristata Brocchi.

Fragments only.

Purpura hemastoma Lin.

Pseudomurex Meyendorfi Cale.

A singlespecimen, found under

a stone, at low water.

Pisania maculosa Lam.

Pisania Orbignyi Payr.

Euthria cornea L., f. minor. +

Cyllene granum Lam.

Nassa inerassata Strom,

Nassa costulata Ren.

Nassa costulata Ren., f. minor.

Nassa costulata Ren., f. minor-

levis Monterosato.

Nassa mutabilis Lin.

Triton nodiferus Lam.

Mitra Savignyi Payr.

specimens.

Mitra ebenus Lam. Living.

Marginella miliaria Lin.

ing.

Marginella Philippti Monter.

Living.

Marginella clandestina Broeebi.

Living.

Living

Liv-

Columella rustica Lin. Living.

Mitrella scripta Lin. Living.

Cassis sulcosa Brug. Empty

shells.

Natica Dillwyni Payr.

Seala communis Lam.

Opalia crenata Lin. Very rare.

Cioniseuvs unicus Mont. <A single

living specimen. A_ littoral

species.

Odostomia turrita Hanley. Rare.

Odostomia rissoides Hanley.

THE NAUTILUS. 53

Odostomia sp.?2 (A very small

species, not identified, found

alive with the Cioniscus.

Auriculina dilucida Monter.

Auriculina scandens Brugnone.

Parthenina excavata Phil.

Parthenina turbonilloides Brus-

ina.

Parthenina monozona Brus.

Parthenina Jeffreysi, Bucgq.,

Dautz., Dollf.

Parthenina tricincta Jeftr.

Parthenina scalaris Phil.

Parthenina gracilis Phil.—ema-

ciata Brusina.

Parthenina interstincta Mont.

Turbonilla obliquata Phil.

Turbonilla lactea Lin.

Chemnitzia pallida Mont.

Eulima polita Lin.

Eulima distorta Desh.

Eulima intermedia Cantr.

Eulima incurva Ren,

Eulima microstoma Brus.

Cerithiopsis minima Brus.

Cerithiopsis tubercularis Mont.

Cerithiopsis bilineata Hoernes.

Cerithiopsis Metaaa Delle Chiaje.

Conus Mediterraneus Hwass.

Hadropleura septangularis Lin.

Mangilia teniata Desh.

Mangilia multilineolata Desh.

Light and dark-colored spec-

imens,

Defrancia Philberti Michaud.

Lachesis Foline Delle Chiaje.

Lachesis turritellata Desh.

Lachesis retifera Brugnone.

Trivia Europea Mont.*

Cerithium rupestre Risso—C.

mediterraneum Desh.

Bittiwm lacteum Phil.

Bittium Jadertinum Brusina.

Bittium reticulatum daCosta.

Triforis perversus Lin.

Iittorina neritoides Lin.=ceru-

lescens Lam.

Rissoina Bruguierei Payr.

Barleeia rubra Ad. var. The

Algerian variety, brown with

the base white around the col-

umella.

Alvania Algeriana Monterosato.

Alvania Algeriana. Dark vari-

ety.

Alvania Montagui Payr.

Alvania lineata Risso.

Alvania pagodula Bucq., Dautz.

and Dollfus. For the iden-

tification of this and other

puzzling species in the present

list, I am indebted to the kind-

ness of Mr. P. Dautzenberg.

White and colored spec-

imens.

Alvania subareolata Monteros-

ato.

Alvania cimex L. = calathiseus

Mont.

Alvania Weinkauffi Schwartz.

Alvania subcrenulata Schwartz.

Alvania sculptilis Monterosato.

Extremely rare.

Alvania rudis Phil.

Alvania mutabilis Schwartz.

Apicularia Guerini Reel.

Apicularia similis Scacchi.

Apicularia dolium Nyst.

Apicularia dolium f. castanea.

One example, of an uniform

brown color.

Rissoa pusilla Phil.

54 THE NAUTILUS.

Rissoa violacea Desm.

Rissoa simplex Phil.

Manzonia costata Ad.

Cingula semistriata Mont.

Cingula contorta Jeftr.

Cingula contorta f. major.

Setia sp.?

Setia Benjamina Monterosato.

Setia amabilis Mouterosato. Liv-

ing.

Setia mvicrometrica

Living.

Peringiella nitida Brus., var.

elongata Monterosato, Very

rare.

Pisinna

Seguenza.

(= Hagenmiilleria)

punctulum Phil. =? glabrata

Mihlf.

Pisinna punctulum f. elongata.

Larger and more produced.

Very rare.

Pisinna (2?) seminulum Montero-

ato. This little known species

was found living in quantities

with P. punctulum.

Zippora auriscalpium Lin.

Rissoa sp.?

Hersilia Mediterranea Monteros-

ato. Extremely rare.

Vermetus triqueter Bivona.

Vermetus glomeratus Lin.

Caecum subannulatum Folin.

Truncatella laevigata Risso.

Skenea planorbis Fab.

Homalogyra Fischeriana Mon-

terosato. A single specimen

found alive, of this extremely

minute but beautiful little

species. A littoral species.

Adeor bis subcarinatus Mont.

Crepidula unguiformis Lin. In

the interior of a large Turbo.

Capulus hungaricus L. Young.

Ringicula auriculata Ménard.

Astralium rugosum Lin.

Phasianella (Kutropia) pulla

Lin.

Cyclostrema nitens Phil.

Cyclostrema Dautzenbergianum

Anc. New species. Shell

very minute (diam. 1, height

+ mill.), white, depressed,

widely and openly umbilic-

ated ; spire short, obtuse, con-

vex, but little raised above the

level of the last whorl. Whorls

3, rapidly increasing, with

regular and delicate arched

costellze, the last one furnished

besides these with three con-

spicuous raised and revolving

liree, the lower one below the

periphery. Aperture sume-

what oblique, circular, entire.

A full description and figure

of this delicately sculptured

little shell will be given at

some future time. Only two

specimens collected.

Another very distinct and

also new species from Algiers

differs from the former in lack-

ing the riblets and in having

a very minute spiral striation,

both above and below. There

are only two revolving keels

below the middle of the last

whorl, the lower one being

around the umbilicus, and the

spiral sculpture is quite con-

Rare.

THE NAUTILUS. t

spicuous in the latter. For

this very scarce and distinct

species, I would propose the

name of C. Monterosatot Anc.

A single specimen was obtain-

ed. Very rare.

Gibbula adriatica Phil. Rare.

Gibbula Racketti Payr. Living

and abundant on Algee.

Gibbula Drepanensis Brugnone.

Living specimens, but very

small.

Gibbula rarilineata Michaud.

Very common.

Gibbula Richardi Payr. Also

very common.

Gibbula varia Lin. Somewhat

rare.

Gibbula villica Phil.

Trochocochlea turbinata Born.

Trochocochlea articulata Lam.

Zizyphinus depictus Desh.

Zizyphinus Gravine Monterosato.

Living, on Algz, but not very

common.

Clanculopsis glomus Phil.—=C.

Jussiani, var.cingulata Weink.

A few living specimens.

Schismope striatula Phil. Living

specimens in various stages of

growth. A littoral species.

Haliotis lamellosa Lam.

Fissuridea greea Lin.

Fissurella nubecula Lin.

Emarginula tenera Monterosato.

Rare.

Emarginula solidula Costa.

Tectura unicolor Forbes.

Tectura virginea Mill. Living

near the the shore, on stones.

Patella cerulea Lin. Abundant.

Patella cerulea L., var. Tarent-

ina, von Salis. Also very

common. The Patellas are

edible mollusca on the coast.

Patella lusitanica Gm. Rare.

Patella aspera Lam.

Siphonaria Algesire Quoy. Not

common. Found with Patella.

Probably the most eastern

locality for the species.

Utriculus truncatulus Brug.

Utriculus wmbilicatus Mont.

Utriculus striatulus Forbes =

cuneatus Tiberi.

Utriculus minutissimus Martin.

Volvula acuminata Brug.

Haminea elegans Leach.

Aplysia virescens Risso.

Lepidopleurus siculus Poli.

Lepidopleurus Algesirensis Cap-

ellini.

Lepidopleurus Rissoi Payr.

Lepidopleurus Meneghinti, var.

(?) Dautzenbergi Anc. Only

two specimens. I extract the

following note from M. Daut-

zenberg’s observations on my

shell: “Je possede un exem-

plaire semblable de Sardai-

gne étiqueté Chiton Rissor

Payr., par le Dr. Tiberi, Ces

deux spécimens qui concordent

absolument, ne peuvent étre

rapprochés que du Chiton

Meneghinii, Capellini (Journ.

de Conch., 1858), mais ils pos-

sédent sur les aires latérales

des valves des cdtes ou plutét

des séries de tubercules rayonn-

56 THE NAUTILUS.

antes beaucoup plus saillantes

et moins nombreuses; il n’y ex-

iste non plus ancune trace des

sillons transverses ondulés qui

ornent d’une maniere tres-car-

actéristique cette partie du test

chez le Ch. Meneghinii, ainsi

que chez le Rissoi. L’assimi-

lation qu’ a faite Monterosato

du Meneghinii au Rissoi dans

sa monographie des Chiton de

la Méditerranée parait déja

un peu forcée, mais pour ce qui

concerne votre coquille, elle

me paraitrait tout 4 fait in-

admissible.” (Dautz., in litt.)

Not having seen an authentic

specimen of Meneghinii, I now

prefer to make this a variety

of the latter, although I am

reasonably certain it will

eventually be considered as a

distinct species. I have much

pleasure in associating with it

the name of M. Dautzenberg,

the well known writer on

marine shells.

Chiton fascicularis Lin.

Saxicava aretica Lin.

Mactra corallina Lin.

Donax truneulus Lin.

Donax semistriata Poli.

Dosinia lupinus Poli.

Callista chione Lin.

Venus verrucosa Lin.

Venus gallina Lin.

Tapes decussata Lin.

Tapes geographica Chemn.

Petricola lithophaga Retz.

Venerupis irus Lin.

Cardium exiguum Gm.

Cardium paucicostatum Sow.

Cardium papillosum Poli.

Cardium tuberculatum L.

Lucina reticulata Poli.

Lueina divaricata Lin. (?)

Kellia Geoffroyi Payr.

Montacuta sp.?

Lepton sp.?

Lasea rubra Mont.

Cardita calyeulata Lin.

Chama gryphoides Lin.

Astarte triangularis Mont. Very

rare.

Nucula nucleus Lin.

Arca Noe Lin.

Arca lactea Lin.

Pectunculus violacescens Lam.

Very common and sometimes

used for food and bait.

Modiola barbata Lin.

Modiola Petagne Scacchi.

Modiola Adriatica Lam.

Mytilus africanus Chemn.*

Mytilus minimus Poli.

Modiolaria costulata Forbes.

Lithodomus lithophagus Lin,

Pecten varius Lin.

Lima tenera Turton.

Lima squammosa Lam,

Anomia ephippium Lin.

Ostrea cochlecer Poli*

Argiope cuneata Risso.

Argonanta Argo Lin.

Octopus vulgaris L.

Since writing the above, I saw, from Dr. Vayssiére’s studies on

Homalogyra Fischeriana (No. 110 of the present list) that the above

THE NAUTILUS. 57

named shell was generically distinct from Homalogyra and must be

labelled Ammonicera Fischeriana. Altogether, I am not quite cer-

tain that my shell is really the same as the one referred to by Dr.

Vayssiére. It is smaller, horny, with 3 brown lines, has only 3

whorls and is but striate, lacking the very remarkable distant and

regular sulci somewhat like those of Spirula Peroni.

NOTES ON THE GENUS ODONTOSTOMUS,

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

This group of peculiar land snails is widely spread in southern

South America, extending from middle Brazil south well into

Patagonia. It is not known to occur in the valley of the Amazon

or its tributaries, and is absent in and west of the main chain of the

Andes.

It is allied to Anctus, Tomigerus and Anastoma, all Brazilian

genera. In conjunction with Mr. E. G. Vanatta I examined the

species in the collection of the Academy some time ago, and we

agreed that the following subgenera may be distinguished, based

mainly upon apical sculpture :

1. Oponrostomus Beck (s. str.), type pantagruelinus Moric.

‘2. CycLopontina Beck (restricted), type pupoides Spiz, inflatus

Wagner.

3. Mortcanpra Pils. & Van. (n. s.-g.), type fusiformis Rang.

4, Sprxia Pils. & Van. (n. s.-g.), type spiwit Pfr., wagneri Spix.

5. PLAGIODONTES Doering, type dentatus Wood.

6. Macroponvres Swains., type odontostomus Sowb.

Typical Odontostomus includes the largest and most solid forms,

with very large aperture-teeth and folds; all are from eastern

Brazil ; Moricandia is also a Brazilian group. Part of the species,

such as angulatus Wagn., auriscervina Fér., fusiformis Rang, willi

Dohrn., nasutus Mart., bowvieri Dautz., would naturally be referred,

as most of them have been, to Goniostomus; but their affinities are

with O. bahiensis, punctatissimus, and other dentate species. Spixia

has vertical riblets at the apex, as in the Bulimulid group Ortho-

tomium. Cyclodontina, which we revive in a much restricted sense,

is mainly a group of southern Brazil. Plagiodontes is an Argen-

tine group, with a host of species, many of which have not been

properly defined. The apex is densely wave-striolate. Macrodontes

58 THE NAUTILUS.

differs from the foregoing in the conspicuous development of a con-

tinuous peristome and the strong spiral striation of the earlier

whorls. The species are few—QO. odontostomus Sowb., grayanus

Pfr., fasciatus Dohrn (Novit. Conch. III, p. 473, pl. 102, f. 16, 17),

degeneratus vy. Iher. & Pils., and finally O. cordovanus Pfr., for

which the subgeneric names Scalarinella and Clessinia have been

proposed, is probably a slender member of the subgenus Macrodoutes.

POSTAGE ON NATURAL HISTORY SPECIMENS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

No doubt many of our readers wish to renew or open ex-

changes with foreign Conchologists, at present impracticable, owing

to the fact that letter rates have to be paid on natural history

specimens. Reference to this matter was made in THE NAUTILUS,

Vol. VII, p. 58 and Vol. X, p. 127. The Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia took the initiative in securing the ad-

mission of specimens of natural history to the mails of the Universal

Postal Union as “samples of merchandise” and appointed a

Committee, which reported as follows:

Your Committee have now but to make its official report of the generally

well-known fact that the proposed modification as regards Natural History

specimens was adopted at the Washington Congress of the Universal

Postal Union in May last. The adoption of this modification is referred to

by the Superintendent of Foreign Mails of the U.S. Post Office, Mr. N. M.

Brooks, in his Report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1897, and dated

Washington, Oct. 13, 1897. The reference is as follows: Alluding to the

work of the Universal Postal Congress, Mr. Brooks says (p. 7), “The

following are, however, matters of general interest or importance which it

may be well to mention, viz: . . . . (4) Natural History specimens

are admitted at the rate and under the conditions applicable to samples of

merchandise.” The same Report contains the full text of the convention

concluded by the congress, and on page 42 contains the paragraph in

question (chap. iii, art. xvii, parag. 5) as follows: “There are likewise

admitted at the rate applicable to samples, articles of natural history, dried

or preserved animals and plants, geological specimens ete., which are not

transmitted for a commercial purpose, and which are wrapped in con-

formity with the general stipulations concerning samples of merchandise.”’

The rate for samples is fixed at 5 centimes for every fifty grams, that is 1

cent for every two ounces. According to art. 28 of chapter i, this Conven-

tion is not to be put into execution until January 1, 1899.

Your Committee has, therefore, fulfilled its labors and congratulates the

Academy that the end aimed at in the first cireular [see the NAuTILUus for

THE NAUTILUS. 59

September, 1893, p. 58] issued by the Academy has been completely

achieved. This result is the more gratifying in view of the predictions of

failure freely expressed when your Committee entered upon its labors. It

would, of course, be presumptuous to claim that the Academy’s endeavors

have been more than one of the factors in this achievement, but in such

an international matter every such factor is of great importance.

It may not be amiss to add here, for the benefit of our readers,

further extracts from the above quoted Convention of the Univer-

sal Postal Union contained in Mr. Brook’s Report pp. 27 et seq.

“ Packets of samples of merchandise may not contain any article having

a salable value; they must not exceed 350 grams [12.35 Avoirdupois ounces]

in weight, or measure more than 30 centimetres [11.8 inches] in length, 20

centimetres [7.87 inches] in breadth, and 10 centimetres [3.93 inches] in

depth, or, if they are in the form of a roll, 30 centimetres [11.8 inches] in

length and 15 centimetres [5.9 inches] in diameter.” (chap. i, art. 5, sect. 5).

“Tt is forbidden: First, to send by mail: (a) sample and other articles

which, from their nature, may prove dangerous to the postal employees, soil

or injure the correspondence; (4) explosive, inflammable or dangerous sub-

stances, animals and insects, living or dead, excepting the cases provided for

in the Regulations of detail.” * (chap. i, art. 16, sect. 3).

The conditions which must be observed for the transmission of samples of

merchandise remain as before—the packages to admit of easy inspection, not

to “bear any manuscript other than the name or the social position of the

sender, the address of the addressee, a manufacturer’s or a trade-mark,

number of order, prices and indications relating to weight and size, as well as

to the quantity to be disposed of, or those which are necessary to precisely

indicate the origin and nature of the merchandise,” while articles of giass,

liquids, oils, fatty substances and dry powders must be packed to prevent

their damaging, or escaping into, the other contents of mails (chap. iii, art.

xvli).

*The ‘“ Regulations of detail and order tor the Execution of the Convention”’ form

chapter iii, from which the most important—to naturalists—of our preceding quotations

is taken.

GENERAL NOTES.

SHELLS oF REDpING, SHasta Co., CaLtirorniA.—Mr. Richard

C. McGregor, one of the enterprising ornithologists of California, has

been so good as to collect some mollusks at Redding, on the Sacr-

mento River, for the Academy of Natural Sciences. He found a

specimen of Polygyra Roperi, of which only the original three exam-

ples found by Mr. E. W. Roper have been known hitherto. The

discovery of “ Ancylus” patelloidea Lea, living and abundant, is the

most important find. The list is as follows:

Epiphragmophora mormonum Pfr., one young ‘specimen.

Polygyra Roperi Pils. One specimen.

60 THE NAUTILUS.

Vallonia pulchella Mill. “Ina yard at base of rose bushes”

not before reported from California. Possibly imported with the

roses.

Pompholyx effusa Lea.

Planor bis tumens Cpr.

Planorbis parvus Say.

Limnea adeline Tryon.

Ancylus oregonensis Clessin.

Lanx patelloidea Lea. This species, originally described as an

Ancylus, is the only species of Ancylinz with variegated, opaque

coloring. It looks a good deal like Acme testudinalis var. alveus

Conr. Notes on the anatomy with illustrations, will be given later.

Nore ON THE SupGeNus Evcosmi1a Cpr.—Eucosmia comprises

a number of minute shells like Phasianel/a in smoothness and the

stony operculum, but differing in being depressed with very short

spire. Carpenter described four species from Cape St. Lucas and

Mazatlan,—variegata with var. substriata, punctata, cyclostoma and

striatula. Dall has lately described another /uwrida, from British

Columbia; perhaps Turbo phasianella C. B. Adams, from Panama

belongs here, and minima Phil. from Peru pretty certainly does.

In the Gulf of Mexico we have E. brevis Orb. No species from

other than American waters are known to belong here. It has

hitherto escaped notice, I believe, that the name Eucosmia is pre-

occupied in zoology for a group of moths established by Stephens

in 1829. The Molluscan Eucosmia may therefore be called Eulithi-

dium to distinguish it from the group of Lepidoptera.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

Nores suR LA FAUNA DU Haut Tonquin, par H. Fischer (Bull.

Sci. France et Belg. xxviii, 1898). The present paper relates to

shells collected by Dr. A. Billet. Interesting new species of Camena,

Plectopylis, Clausilia ete., are described and figured.

ARMATURE OF Hexicorp LAND SHELLS, by G. K. Gude (Science-

Gossip iv, No. 44, 45). We have already alluded to this very

important series of papers. ‘The present installments continue the

genus Plectopylis, the following being new: P. leucochilus, P.

perriere, P. blanda.

PLATE III.

VOL. XII.

NRY DECAMP.

ILLIAM HE

fate N AIL US.

Vor. xu: OCTOBER, 1898. No. 6.

WILLIAM HENRY DECAMP.

BY BRYANT WALKER.

Thirty-five years ago, Grand Rapids might fairly have been

called the scientific center of Michigan. Through the energy and

enthusiasm of a little group of men interested in natural history, the

Kent Scientific Institute was organized, and a great deal of good

work was accomplished in developing the fauna and flora of the

western part of the State.

Prominent among the founders of the infant institution were three

men, who were particularly interested in conchology, and through

whose efforts the richness of the molluscan fauna of Michigan was

developed with a thoroughness that has few parallels in the States

west of the Allegheny Mountains.

The names of A. O. Currier, J. A. MeNiell and W. H. DeCamp

will always be familiar to the students of Michigan who may follow

their footsteps in the field of their favorite pursuit.

By the death of Dr. DeCamp, which occurred on July 4th, the

last of this little group has been called away from the activities of

this life to “the unknown bourne.”

Dr. DeCamp was born at Mt. Morris, Livingston County, New

York, November 6, 1825. He received his medical education in

the medical department of the University of New York and the

Medical College of Geneva, New York, where he graduated in 1847.

He at once entered upon active practice in his native State, where

he remained for eight years. In 1855, compelled by failing health,

62 THE NAUTILUS.

he removed to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and resided there continu-

ously until his death. From 1855 to 1857 he was engaged in the

drug business, but having been ruined by the destruction of his store

by fire in that year, he resumed the active practice of his profession

in which he continued until overtaken by his last illness.

He made a specialty of surgery and acquired a large and success-

ful practice. He was a member of the American Medical Associa-

tion, the Michigan State Medical Society and the Grand Rapids

Medical and Surgical Society, and, by the latter two, was, at differ-

ent times, honored with the presidency. He was the author of a

number of papers on medical and surgical subjects, which appeared

in the proceedings of these societies and in different medical journals.

He was also a member of the American Association for the Ad-

vancement of Science, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-

phia, and other scientific societies.

Upon the breaking out of the war in 1861, he was commissioned

surgeon of the First Michigan Regiment of Engineers and Mechan-

ics, and remained in the service until 1864, when he was mustered

out with his regiment. During the winter of 1862-3, he was Post

Medical Director at Harrodsburg, Ky., where 1,500 Confederate

wounded bad been left by General Bragg in his retreat from Ken-

tucky after the battle of Perryville.

From an early day, Dr. DeCamp was an active and enthusiastic

student of natural history. Geology, botany, ornithology, entomol-

ogy and conchology all received his attention and contributed to the

fine collection which, in course of many years collecting, was accu-

mulated by him.

It was conchology, however, that, from the time of his removal to

Grand Rapids, especially occupied his attention, and his work in this

department will be his most lasting monument.

He was an assiduous collector. During his army life he took ad-

vantage of his opportunities in the south to pursue his favorite study

and thereby acquired many interesting species. This material was

forwarded by him to Mr. Currier, and by the latter to Dr. Isaac Lea

and other eastern naturalists for determination. A somewhat hasty

review of the literature has shown that the following new species.

were discovered by him during this period :—

Pleurocera currierianum Lea.

Pleurocera bicinctum Tryon.

Goniobasis decampti Lea.

THE NAUTILUS. 63

Goniobasis louisvillensis Lea.

Goniobasis informis Lea.

Eurycelon leait Tryon.

Campeloma decampii W. G. Binn.

Somatogyrus currierianus Lea.

Unio depygis Con.

Two new species were added to the fauna of Michigan from his

collection, viz.: Suecinea decampii Tryon and Vertigo morsei Sterki.

The types of Limnea desidiosa var, decampii Streng, recently de-

scribed in THE Nauti.us, were also found by him.

In 1881, under the auspices of the Kent Scientific Institute, Dr.

DeCamp published an elaborate “Catalogue of the Shell-Bearing

Mollusea of Michigan.” This, which is his only publication in

conchology, contains a list of 221 species and 9 varieties, and was

the most complete list of the State fauna published up to that time.

Eliminating synonyms and doubtful forms, it gives a total of 185

species as now recognized as against 149 species cited in Currier’s

catalogue of 1868. It also is of particular value as containing de-

scriptions and figures of three species named but never formally de-

seribed by Currier, viz.: Limnea contracta, Physa parkeri and Ano-

donta houghtonensis. He was an enthusiast in his scientific work,

and his time and collection were always at the service of his fellow

collectors.

Through his generosity the first set of his Michigan shells, upon

which his catalogue was based, is a cherished part of the writer’s

collection, and the remainder of his shells have been deposited in the

Kent Scientific Institute, where they “will be kept to benefit and

instruct those who come after him.”

A DAY ON THE CHICAGO DRAINAGE CANAL.

BY FRANK C. BAKER.

July 30th, the Chicago Academy of Sciences spent its annual

field day on that wonderful engineering triumph, the Chicago Drain-

age Canal, and conchological results of the excursion may be of

some interest to the readers of the Naurius.

The day was all that could have been desired, the sun being more

or less obscured by clouds, which made collecting more comfortable

64 THE NAUTILUS.

than under the boiling sun. The first stop was made at a point a

few miles from the city, where the canal cut through the glacial

clay or till. In asmall stream by the side of the Santa Fé tracks,

the conchologists picked up Vivipara contectoides, Planorbis trivol-

vis, Spherium stamineium and S, simile, the first named species being

very abundant.

The second stop was made just east of Summit, where the canal

cut through blue till, in some places almost as hard as rock.’ In

one corner of the canal at this locality the bank and ground was

fairly paved with minute shells perfectly preserved and of a whitish

or chalky color. From this spot we collected Bythinella nickl-

niana, Amnicola limosa, A. lustrica, Cincinnatis cineinnatiensis,

Planorbis truncatus !, P. campanulatus, P. deflectus and Valvata tri-

carinata, the last two species being represented by thousands of in-

dividuals. These mollusks are all referable to the Pleistocene

deposits; P. truncatus was typical and very rare, as but one speci-

men was found. From the Desplaines River Mr. Woodruff col-

lected Alasmodonta complanata, A. deltoidea, Anodonta grandis,

Lampsilis luteolus and Calyculina truncata, the later very large.

At Willow Springs, which was the next station, I spent about

three-quarters of an hour hunting for Anodonta imbecilis, but only

succeeded in finding one half grown specimen. ‘This is the only

locality, so far as known, for this species in the Chicago area, and

we had entertained high hopes of finding a “ colony ” of them, but.

such was not to be. The specimen collected was found in a soft,

slimy, black mud, filled with broken bottles, tin cans, ete. Under

an old bridge we found Succinea retusa very plentiful.

A long stop was made at Lemont to enable the palaeontologists

to examine the many piles of limestone, which had been blasted from

the canal, in search of Niagara fossils. Only a few were found, and

those were very imperfect. Some brachiopods, a few mollusks, in-

cluding several large Cyrtolites amplicorne, and an occasional Crin-

oid or trilobite was all that rewarded the geologists. The small boy

got suddenly rich selling the common Niagara Calymene (C. niag-

arensis) at from five to twenty-five cents each, according to quality.

No recent mollusks were found.

At Romeo, Dr. H. N. Lyon and myself walked half a mile north

to the Desplaines River, and found a good collecting spot where the

river ran over a bed of limestone arranged in ledges, and was quite

1 See Leverett, Bull. 2, Geol. & N., 16Surv., Chi. Acad. Sci., p. 49.

THE NAUTILUS. 65

shallow. Here we found Planorbis trivolvis, P. bicarinatus, Limnea

desidiosa and Gioniobasis livescens. Among the latter there were

many which connected Jlivescens with depygis, having well marked

color bands and a purple tinted columella.

The last stop was made at Lockport where the train waited over

an hour, and while the majority of the party studied the bear trap

dam, the conchologists “pocketed” their cans and bottles and

climbed (or fell) to a good sized creek (a branch of the Desplaines

River). Limnea palustris was here so abundant that it could be

collected by the quart, and they were all large, fine specimens.

Many specimens were very long and pointed and seemed to show a

tendency toward L. refleca. The stream was very rapid, and Lim-

nea and Planorbis seemed to be the only genera able to live in any

numbers. Physa was abundant dead, but only three or four living

specimens could be found. It decidedly prefers still water in this

region. A single specimen of ZL. palustris was found in which the

base had suffered some injury, and the aperture was thrown off to

the right, leaving a wide and deep false umbilicus. We collected

here Limnea palustris, L. caperata, L. humilis, Planorbis trivolvis,

P. bicarinatus, Aplexa hypnorum and Physa heterostropha.

Physa heterostropha at this locality shows a wide range of varia-

tion. Some are long and cylindrical, others broad and stumpy, and

the spire runs from obtuse to pointed. The number of whorls was

invariably the same. In this lot one could easily pick out such

pseudo species as gyrina, cylindrica, parva, oleacea and sayti. The

writer has recently tried Crosse and Fischer’s suggestion in regard to

specific characters in the form of the teeth on the radula, but thus

far with a decidedly negative result.

The results of the field day, conchologically, may be summed up

as follows: Pleistocene species 8, recent species 19. We carried

home several quarts of mollusks.

A NEW SPHERIUM.

BY F. CajBAKER-.

Spherium lilycashense sp. nov.

Shell differing from typical striatinum in being larger, more reg-

ularly oval, much more inflated and with the umbones more inflated

66 THE NAUTILUS.

and placed nearer the centre; the posterior end is broadly rounded

in the variety, while in the typical form it is much produced and

somewhat ram-shaped ; the color varies from light yellowish horn to

rather dark horn, with an occasional zone of vellowish; the surface

is smooth and polished, the growth lines being faint on the umbones,

but stronger on the ventral border.

Length 14.00, height 11.00, breadth 8.50 mill.

Length 12.50, height 9.75, breadth 7.50 mill.

Habitat.—Lilycash Creek, near Joliet (coll. by J. H. Handwerk).

This variety was referred to Dr. V.Sterki by Mr. Handwerk, and

considered by him to be an unusal form of striatinum, but he did

not consider it distinct from the typical form. After examining a

large nuinber of specimens the writer has concluded that it is a form

distinct enough for a specific name. Its beautiful polished surface

and inflated shell will at once distinguish it from striatinum. It is

shaped differently from stamineum and the beak sculpture is very

much finer.

Another form is found associated with the variety which is in a

sense intermediate between the typical form and the variety, having

a more oval shell than the type, but not being so much inflated as

the variety ; it is very dark chestnut or dark brown in color. Sev-

eral specimens of this form had the hinge wholly or partly inverse.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF OLIVELLA.

BY JOHN FORD.

Olivella Blanesi n. sp.

Shell ovate, white, somewhat translucent, ornamented with three

spiral series of irregularly formed crimson spots, one (of very small

spots) at the suture, the others central and basal; the rest of the

surface showing a faint reticulation of the same color in some speci-

mens. Whorls 5, spire produced, rather acute; suture chanelled.

Aperture half the length of the shell, acuminate above, widest below

the;middle; basal notch wide, columella very short, vertical, cylin-

drical and smooth, making a decided angle with the parietal wall,

forming a deep sinus; basal fasciole smooth.

Length 8.9, diam. 3.8, length of aperture 4.75 mm.

Length 7.5, diam. 3.2, length of aperture 4 mm.

Locality —Cardenas, Cuba.

tard

THE NAUTILUS. 67

The species has apparently heretofore been mistaken for O. rosa-

lina, although the one is quite distinct from the other, especially so

in general form, number of spiral whorls, and the non-appearance

in QO. Blanesi of the rose colored base of the columella, which is sel-

dom if ever absent in O. rosalina.

A fine suite of these shells has been in my collection for several

years, unnamed. Though convinced that they were an undescribed

species they remained neglected until I recently found in the fine

collection of Mr. Francisco E. Blanes, late of Cuba, a Jarge number

of the same form mistakenly labelled O. rosalina Duclos. All, or

nearly all of this entire lot had been collected by himself near Car-

denas, Cuba. A brief explanation and comparison with genuine O.

rosalina was sufficient to satisfy him of their distinct character, and

the result is the new name, Olivella Blanesi.

Specimens entirely white, secured at the same locality might well

be termed var. alba. Some suspicion that these colorless shells

might be identical with O. pura or O. bullula as figured by Reeve

being felt, specimens were submitted by a friend to Mr. E. R. Sykes

of London for comparison with Reeve’s types. To his kind assist-

ance the following report is due: “I have compared your Olivella

(with Mr. Smith’s ever ready helping hand). It does not seem to

be either pura or bullula. Pura may not be the actual type, as it is

recorded by Reeve as in ‘ Mus. Metcalfe.’ It is much more drawn out

than your shell. The one specimen is in pretty good condition and

seems never to have had much color marking, certainly not like

yours. O. bullula here is snow white, but is thin and worn, so may

have had some color. Itis slightly more elongate and does not show

the sinus that your species has in the columella. Very probably

yours is new.”

A figure will be given later.

AN INTERROGATION IN REGARD TO SEPTIFER BIFURCATUS RVE.,

AND MYTILUS BIFURCATUS CONR.

BY MRS. M. BURTON WILLIAMSON.

Shells that vary from the type sometimes raise a question in re-

gard to the stability of their specific or generic values. Typical

shells of Septifer bifurcatus Rve. and Mytilus bifurcatus Conr. are

68 THE NAUTILUS.

unlike in the shape of their valves as well asin the presence or ab-

sence of a septum. Yet some shells of the latter resemble the former

so closely that it is sometimes necessary to open each shell in order

to distinguish one from the other. The approximation appears too

close for not only a generic, but a subfamily distinction to be main-

tained between them. It appears to rest upon the presence or ab-

sence of aseptum. A shell having the same shape as the typical

Mytilus bifureatus has, upon examination, revealed the deck or sep- .

tum. On December 1, 1888, on one of the wooden piles of the old

wharf at Santa Monica, Cal., I found shells of Mytilus bifwreatus in

company with young examples of Mytilus californianus Conr., and

some goose barnacles. One specimen was { of an inch from umbo

to ventral margin, and in its widest part 2 of an inch. It was

curved as in the type. ‘There were three other shells, all like this

one, only smaller. They were together and attached either by their

own or the byssus of M. californianus. Three shells were opened

and the absence of a septum noted. One specimen got broken and

one was sent to another Los Angeles collector. In an exchange

with Mr. W. J. Raymond, of Oakland, Cal., the one shell that had

not been opened was sent to him, and I was surprised when he wrote

that he had found a good-sized “deck in it!”” They were all typi-

eal Mytilus bifurcatus in appearance.

My confidence in the constancy of the form of Mytilus bifurcatus

was further shaken by receiving what appeared to be four young

shells of Septifer bifurcatus that Mr. Raymond had received from

San Diego. One of these was without a deck, and Mr. Raymond

called my attention to it as a proof that I. bifurcatus could resem-

ble, in shape, a Septifer more closely than a Mytilus. Here we

have an illustration that a shell found among young Septifers, and

their counterpart externally, is a Mytilus bifurcatus, and one shell,.

in form, that looks like a typical M. bifurcatus, proves to be a Sep-

tifer.

The San Diego examples from Mr. Raymond all have purple in-

teriors, and the Santa Monica example has a white interior. But

some shells, collected at one of the “ Points” in Los Angeles County

and sent for identification by Mrs. E. A. Lawrence, are also white

in their interiors. But there isa marked difference between the

Santa Monica Mytilus and those from the “ Point” and San Diego

in their outward appearance.

In order to determine the genus to which each belongs, the value

THE NAUTILUS. 69:

seems to rest upon the presence or absence of a septum. As this

generic character may be preseut or absent in some of the shells

found in the same place, an interrogation naturally arises as to the

value to be placed upon the septum in separating approximate forms

into two different subfamilies, the Mytilinze and Dreissensinz.

NOTE ON SEPTIFER BIFURCATUS CONRAD.

BY H. A. PILSBRY AND w. J. RAYMOND.’

Among the shells brought home by Thomas Nuttall from his jour-

ney to the Pacific coast and the Hawaiian Islands, were specimens

of a mussel which Conrad named Mytilus bifurcatus.’ Two speci-

mens of this species were presented by Nuttall to the Academy of

Natural Sciences,’ where they are still preserved.

Conrad gave the locality “ Sandwich Is.” for his species; but the

specimens were probably from California. In the Conchologia Icon-

tea, Vol. 10, Mytilus, pl. 9, fig. 41 (1851), Reeve figures and de-

scribes a specimen from Cuming’s collection as Mytilus bifurcatus

Conrad, giving no locality. I do not know that the interior of this

shell has been examined; but Nuttall’s shells in the Academy col-

lection prove to belong to the genus Septifer, having a well-developed

septum or little deck across the apices of the valve cavities. There

is no especial reason for believing Reeve’s specimen to be a true

Mytilus; but if they should be, the name MV. bifurcatus Reeve can-

not be retained, on account of the conflict with Conrad’s prior J.

bifurcatus.

As Mrs. Williamson’s article (above) shows, Californian conchol-

ogists find two species excessively similar externally upon the Cali-

1Tn placing Mr. Raymond's name with my own, it should be mentioned that

he is directly responsible only for the passages placed in quotation marks ;

though indirectly for the positions taken in the remainder of the article. —H.

af; P:

* Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, eS 1834,

p- 241, pl. 18, fig. 14.

3 Neither of these shells seems to be the original of Conrad’s figure, and

probably that particular shell has been smashed and discarded, the specimens

having been glued to a card and consequently exposed to such accidents. A

nearly complete series of Nuttall’s shellsis in the Academy Collection, includ-

ing some not described by Conrad.

70 THE NAUTILUS.

fornian coast, one a true Mytilus, the other a Septifer. As long ago

as 1882, Dr. R. E. C. Stearns‘ noticed this fact. It would seem,

therefore, that the shell called Mytilus bifurcatus by West Coast

conchologists requires another name. I have not seen Mytilus mul-

tiformis Carpenter, but from the description and measurements of

that species I would consider it a distinct polymorphic species or a

composite of two species. In the latter case the smooth form may

retain Carpenter’s name. At all events, nothing like the variability

in sculpture or degree of inflation, which Carpenter says character-

ize his species, are found in the Californian Mytilus under consider-

ation, which is invariably corrugated and never green in color. I

would, therefore, in conjunction, with Mr. Raymond, propose that

our form “be called Mytilus Stearnsi, since Dr. Stearns was the

first to definitely show that a true Mytilus of this type is found on

our coast.” “ Usually the two species can be separated by external

characters. In the Mytilus the umbonal (diagonal) ridge is strongly

developed, the valves of the adult shell are very deep, and the ven-

tral margin is generally incurved. Inside, besides the absence of

the septum, there are several denticles at the angle of the hinge

line, which are rather stronger than the corresponding crenulations

of Septifer bifurcatus ; Mytilus is also lighter colored ventrally.

“T have no doubt Nuttall’s shells came from this State, for

from Santa Barbara southward it is an extremely abundant species,

covering the rocks in places. The Mytilus is smaller and might

easily be passed over as the young of Septifer. I have many Septi-

fers from Santa Barbara, but no Mytilus among them. I have Sep-

tifers from San Diego collected by Crawford, and among these I

found the few Mytilus mentioned by Mrs. Williamson.” Septifer

bifurcatus was collected by Henry Hemphill at San Hippolite Point,

Lower California, and Mytilus Stearnsi he found at the same local-

ity and also at San Ignacio Lagoon on the peninsula.

The type of Mytilus Stearnsi Pils. & Raym. (plate 4, figs. 1, 2,

3), 1s a San Diego specimen. So far as the series before me shows,

M. Stearnsi does not grow so large as S. bifurcatus, a length of 25

mm., or one inch being a good size, while bifwreatus may measure

nearly double that. An “unusually large” specimen of Carpenter’s

*Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1882, p. 241. See also Dall and Orcutt,

Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 551, and Keep, West Coast Shells, pp. 171,

173. In the latter work Conrad's name is misapplied.

° Mazatlan Catalogue, p. 118.

THE NAUTILUS. ffl

M. multiformis measured : length 0.45, width 0.24, diam. 0.32 inch.

This would be very small for JV. Stearnsi. As to color, our species

seems to be invariably brownish-purple above, with the ventral face

straw colored, white beneath the cuticle. None of the specimens I

have seen could be called green. Carpenter describes MW. multifor-

mis as “ purpureo, ad marginum ventralem viridi,” with a variation

“ omnino viridi.”

Regarding the question raised by Mrs. Williamson, it may be said

that all the main genera of Mytilide have both corrugated and

smooth species, and experience has shown that the characters upon

which the genera are founded, such as the presence of a septum,

the position of the beaks and sculpture of the hinge line, are largely

independent of the surface sculpture, the latter being a compara-

tively trivial character. At the same time, it is remarkable that

two species of different genera, and so similar in external characters,

should be found living together. Itis probably a case of conver-

gence of specific characters through the influence of identical exter-

nal conditions.

NOTES AND NEWS.

The death of Mons. J. C. H1proxire Crosse, on the 7th of Aug-

ust, removes one more prominent French conchologist from the

ranks. For many years editor of the Journal de Conchyliologie,

Crosse had become known to malacologists the world over as one of

most able and industrious workers on mollusea ; and by many con-

chologists to whom he was personally known and esteemed, his loss

will be felt with deep regret. A biographical notice will follow

later.

VALLONIA ON THE Pacrric Stopre.—In Tue Navritvus for

September, in a note on “Shells of Redding, Shasta Co., Califor-

nia,” Vallonia pulchella Miill., is quoted as ‘“ not before reported

from California.” In my collection I have this species from Oak-

land, Cal., collected by Mr. Fred L. Button of that city, and in Dr.

J. G. Cooper’s Catalogue of West North American Shells, he quotes

this species as “ circumboreal” and found as far south as “ Mono

County, California.” In “Subalpine Mollusca of the Sierra Ne-

vada,” by W.J: Raymond, he reports finding V. pulchella var.

72 THE NAUTILUS.

costata in one of the cafions—represented by one example. In the

same bulletin Dr. Cooper adds additional notes, and he lists V. pul-

chella at Donner Lake and near Truckee, both in Navada County,

California. Of the presence of this species in Oakland, probably

Mr. Button could supply more data—M. Burton WILLIAMSON.

NOMENCLATURE OF SOME AFRICAN LAND SHELLs.— When study-

ing the African mollusks, I remarked that the name Ennea micro-

stoma Smith, proposed for an African species, already is preoccupied

by Mollendorff for a Chinese species. Hence I should propose to

eall the former E. strictilabris; also Vertigo thaumasta Melvill &

Ponsonby is the same as JV. sinistrorsa Craven ; also Hapalus is pre-

occupied in entomology, and must be called Curvel/a Chaper ; also

Faula preoccupied in Coleoptera, must be relegated to the synonymy

of Faurulus, Schaufuss.—C. F. ANCEY.

IscHNOCHITON ONISCcUS.—The words “ lateral” and ‘ median ”

were transposed in line 2, p. 42 of the August number, in describing

this species.

NEW PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

REVISION OF THE MARINE GASTROPODS REFERRED TO CyCLos-

TREMA, ADEORBIS, VITRINELLA and related genera, with descrip-

tions of some new genera and species belonging to the Atlantic,

Fauna of America, by Katharine Jeannette Bush (Trans. Con-

necticut Academy, x). An attempt to define and limit these difficult

groups by determining their type species, which are mostly figured,

and enumerating the Atlantic coast species. Several described

groups, such as Callomphalus Ad. & Ang. are omitted, and the

details of dentition are rather scanty and insufficiently illustrated, but

the paper is sufficiently complete to be of very great assistance to

those who in future work upon these genera. The new genera

Lissospira Leptogyra, Mélleriopsis, Choristella, Cyclostremella are

established.

THe Non-Martxe Morttscs oF Essex. By Wilfred Mark

Webb.—Reprint from The Essex Naturalist, Vol. X, pages 27-48

and 65-81, 1897.

THe N@wricus.

WoL. exer. NOVEMBER, 1898. No. 7.

SHELL COLLECTING AT MT. DESERT, MAINE.

BY JOHN B. HENDERSON, JR.

The coast of Maine has been thoroughly explored by biologists for

many years, and has, indeed, become a classic ground in the annals

of American conchology. Frenchman’s Bay and the waters imme-

diately about Mt. Desert seem to have been less exploited than other

localities in Maine. Collectors of marine invertebrates going “ down

Kast” generally take their dredges and trawls to Casco Bay, or,

if more ambitious, they hurry on to the famous old collecting region

about Eastport and Grand Menan. A few notes from the shores of

Mt. Desert Island may, however, prove acceptable.

Frenchman’s Bay is a large body of water with a wide pass out

to sea which is somewhat obstructed with bold, rocky islands.

Through the openings between these islands the twelve and fourteen

feet tides flow with great swiftness, scouring out the channels to a

depth of from forty to fifty fathoms. In these deep places a tough

form of algae clings tenaciously to the rocky bottom, and harbors

within its tangle of branches and stems a vast multitude of small

crustaceans (often phosphorescent), many curious star-fishes, and a

wealth of mollusean life. Margarita cinerea, an occasional Scala

groenlandica, abundant Trophon clathratus, Bela turricula and de-

cussata, Cemoria noachina, young Sipho, and the lively little Nassa

trivittata were observed. Dredging in these deep, rocky places is

attended with many difficulties, but often yields satisfactory results.

The general average depth of the bay is twenty to thirty fathoms.

The bottom is mud, with patches here and there of hard, pebbly

74 THE NAUTILUS.

ground, becoming rocky. These stretches of hard bottom are often

the resort of great numbers of Pecten magellanicus, known to the

natives as “scallops.” This giant among the Pectens is gathered

somewhat extensively for the markets, but does not make a particu-

larly dainty dish. It is best colleeted by sinking or draging along

a fishing-line over the bottom of the scallop beds. The big fellows

seize the line viciously and permit themselves to be hauled out of

the water ; unfortunately, adult specimens are usually badly eroded.

Such stations contain Crenella glandula ; they swarm with Nassa

trivittata, and seem literally to be paved with Nucula proxima. The

mud bottom is fairly rich in Lunatia triseriata, Yoldia limatula and

thracieformis, and again Nucula proxima. Leda tenwisulcata is

occasionally met.

Passing out to the open sea the water very gradually deepens,

and patches of shelly bottom are frequent. These places, made up

for the most part of broken shells, fine gravel and sand, offer good

rewards to the collector. Dentaliwm entalis, Turritella erosa, Pecten

islandicus (dead), Cardium pinnulatum, Astarte sulcata and Tere-

bratulina septemtrionalis, the latter, invariably imbedded in sponges,

may be readily obtained.

Upon the rocks between tides, the usual Litorinas, together with

Purpura lapilius, are always abundant, a splendid red variety of the

latter occurring near Otter Cliffs. Just below the low-tide mark,

Chrysodomus decemcostatus and a degenerate form of Buccinum un-

datum, range. Their home among the rocks protects them from

the dredge, but they may be easily tempted by bait. In all rocky

places of moderate depth the pretty little Margarita undulata,

tinged with red and iridescent within, can be found.

On flats, exposed by the receding tide, of which there are a few

in the vicinity of Mt. Desert, the soft clam, Mya arenaria, lives

buried several inches below the surface. The number of these

creatures annually taken by fishermen for bait from the “ Bar” at

Bar Harbor, figures well into the hundreds of thousands, yet the

supply never seems to diminish.

A few dead valves of Arctica islandica indicates the presence of

this boreal species in the bay. A more thorough examination of the

depths of the harbor would undoubtedly reveal many more interest-

ing things to the explorer than I came across in my two or three

moderately successful dredging expeditions at Bar Harbor last

summer.

THE NAUTILUS. (a)

A NEW POLYGYRA FROM NEW MEXICO.

BY W. He DALE.

Polygyra miorhyssa n. sp.

Shell depressed, dark brown with about five and one third rounded

whorls, the periphery somewhat above the middle of the outer whor! ;

suture distinct, umbilicus small, deep, narrowing rapidly toward the

apex ; surface polished, with microscopic revolving striz and fine,

small, slightly irregularly distributed oblique transverse ridges;

aperture subcircular with a reflected white peristome continued

over the body by a thin, translucent callus; within the aperture is

small, oblique, white parietal tooth, the reflected peristome has an

obseure thickening inside the peripheral part, and another more

distinct inside the base. Alt. 8.5, lat. 15.5 mm.

Habitat: Sierra Blanca, Lincoln Co., New Mexico, Rev. E. H.

Ashmun and C. H. Tyler Townsend, from localities between 7,500

and 8,500 feet above the sea.

This species is one of a group comprising the species described by

me under the names of Polygyra Ashmuni, pseudodonta, chirica-

huana and rhyssa, all characteristic of high altitudes in the mount-

ains of New Mexico and Arizona, and doubtless derived from a

single original stock. To this P. Levettei also seems allied, or, per-

haps, is conchologically intermediate between the above group and

the species like P. Afearnsii. The present species is most nearly re-

lated to P. rhyssa, which is a coarser, more rugose and lighter colored

shell and usually of larger size.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW AMPULLARIA FROM FLORIDA.

BY WM. He DALE.

Ampullaria Pinei n. sp.

Shell large, thin, with a depressed spire, polished surfaceand five

rounded whorls separated by a narrowly channelled suture; sculp-

ture of obscure incremental lines and numerous indistinct low re-

volving ridges, variably prominent in different specimens ; besides

these there are very fine, sharp, minute, obscurely beaded revolving

threads with rather wide interspaces, which are occupied by micro-

scopic revolving striz; this sculpture is often more or less obsolete,

but traces of it can usually be found on any specimen; color of the

76 THE NAUTILUS,

shell dark livid olive, often lighter near the aperture with a broad

band near the suture and numerous, narrow revolving bands below,

of a paler olive; near the base there is usually an area somewhat

darker ; throat deep livid purple, with a light subsutural band, and

the smaller bands visible by transmitted light, the peristome bor-

dered with a conspicuous vitreous red margin, especially on the

inner lip; aperture rounded above and below, with a thick parietal

callus, umbilicus narrow and deep. Alt. of shell 60, of last whorl

58, of aperture 47 ; lat. of shell 65, of aperture 35mm. Operculum

thin, horny, externally finely concentrically striated, and of a black-

ish olive-green.

Habitat: Homosassa River, Florida, collected by Mr. George

Pine.

This species is related to A. depressa Say and A. Ghiesbrechti Phil,

but separated from both by its form, sculpture and color. It is most

readily recognized by its deep red border to the aperture, wide shell

and very depressed spire.

NEW POLYGYRAS FROM WHITE MOUNTAIN, NEW MEXICO.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

Polygyra altissima n. sp.

Shell with 5} whorls, pale yellowish-brown, suture moderately

deep, spire flattened and low, periphery rounded; apical whorls

nearly smooth, with little sculpture as far as the middle of the

penultimate whorl, after which the shell becomes distinctly and

strongly obliquely ribbed, the ribs near the aperture being particu-

larly strong; the last whorl bears about 48 of these ribs. Umbili-

cus narrow and deep. Aperture obliquely semilunar; the peristome

subcircular except where interrupted by the parietal wall, strongly

thickened, recurved with a sharp edge, yellowish-white, without

teeth. No parietal denticle. Diam., max. 12,min.10 mm. ; alt. 6 mm.

Hab.—Highest summit of White Mountain (Sierra Blanca),

Lincoln Co., New Mexico, altitude 11,092 feet ; three under a rock,

Aug. 14, 1898. Collected by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend.

The specimens are practically alike, and differ greatly from P.

rhyssa Dall, to which they are most nearly related, and from which

they are presumably descended—or ascended, I suppose we should

say, considering the altitude at which they are found! )

THE NAUTILUS. U0

Compared with P. rhyssa, P. altissima is not only much smaller,

but also much flatter, with the aperture consequently narrower and

the last whorl! less evenly rounded. I have specimens of P. rhyssa

from the original locality, collected by Mr. Ashmun ; the species

was also found by Prof. Townsend in the White Mountains, at an

altitude of about 8,000 feet.

The following form, also from the White Mountains, seems worth

defining :

Polygyra rhyssa var. hyporhyssa v. nov.

Like P. rhyssa in size and form, but umbilicus wider, exposing

the penultimate whorl] ; sculpture finer, consisting of strive rather than

riblets. Collected by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend on the lower slopes

of Sierra Blanca, N. M., above head of Ruidoso Creek, in aspen

belt, about 9,500 ft. alt., Aug. 14, 1898. One specimen, diam.,.

max. 15, min. 123, alt.9 mm. This is clearly a variety of rhyssa,

and is not the same as Dall’s MS. P. miorhyssa, which appears to

me to be a perfectly distinct species. 3

NEW PISIDIA.

BY DR. V. SEEREKI.

P. roperi n. sp.

Mussel rather large, strongly inflated when mature, very little so

when young; oblong to ovoid in outline, margins regularly curved,

with no projecting angles (in the adult); scutum and scutellum

scarcely marked ; beaks moderately posterior, very broad, surface

somewhat glossy, with irregular, not sharp, striz and some strongly

marked lines of growth ; color of the dry shell straw to yellowish-

horn, often with one to several fine, concentric lines of purple; shell

rather thin, nacre whitish, muscle insertions scarcely marked, hinge

comparatively fine and short; cardinal teeth quite small, the right

one moderately curved, slightly thickened at the posterier end; the

left ones very short; the inferior slightly angular, truncated or

pointed on top, the superior sometimes almost obsolete; lateral teeth

short, small, scarcely projecting into the interior ; ligament rather

fine.

Long. 5:5, alt. 4-4, diam. 3.8 (4) mill.

Long. 4°5, alt. 3°7, diam. 3:0 mill.

78 THE NAUTILUS.

Soft parts pink, especially so the foot and mantle edges; the liv-

ing mussel appears pale red ; but the color soon fades away after the

death of the animal; it is also very pale, scarcely noticeable in the

young, becoming more intense with the age of the animal.

Habitat: Maine, Rhode Island, Indiana, Illionis and Minnesota ;

probably also Utah, California and Washington.

Pis. roperi can not be mistaken for any other species except some

forms of P. abditum Hald., but is at once distinguished from the

latter species by its comparatively very broad beaks, the more elon-

gated and more regular outline, the different appearance of its sur-

face, usually the lighter color, the comparatively finer and shorter

hinge, and, in the living animal, by the pink color of the soft parts,

shining through the shell. It is the only speciesin which that color

has been noticed so far, yet it remains to ascertain whether this be

a constant character. But, however that may be, the species is

valid. From several places specimens were obtained in company

with P. abditum, and at once recognized as distinct. It was first

noticed among Pisidia sent by Mr. E. W. Roper, in whose honor it

isnamed. The largest and most beautiful specimens were collected

in Higginbotham’s spring, near Joliet, Ill., by Messrs’ J. H. Ferris

and G. H. Handwerk, who, from April, 1896, to this summer, re-

peatedly forwarded me lots of living specimens together with P.

abditum and another species.

There are specimens from the Wasatch Mountains, Utah (sent by

Mr. Bryant Walker), the Sierra Nevada (Mr. Roper), and Seattle,

Wash. (Mr. P. B. Randolph), resembling the present species,

although somewhat different from it as well as among themselves,

and it is with some doubt that they were referred to P. roperv.

Pis. fallax var. sepentrionale n.

Differs from the type by the following characters: it is more

rounded in outline, less inflated, the beaks are less prominent and

without ridges; the striation is lesssharp; usuaily there are whitish

dots and irregular blotches, evidently caused by disease.

This seems to be a northern form. Pineand Mountain Rivers on

the south shore of Lake Superior, collected by Mr. Bryant Walker ;

Clear Water River, Minn., in company with rather typical and in-

termediate specimens (Mr. H. E. Sargent), Little Madawaska River

at New Sweden, and Aroostook River at Caribou, Me. (Mr. Olof O.

Nylander), from the latter river in 1896 and ’98, and there are

some specimens with distinct ridges on the beaks, or indications of

such.

THE NAUTILUS. 79

It may be mentioned here that typical P. fallax has been collected

in the Sand Creek, Ottawa Co., and Plaster Creek, Kent Co., Mich.,

by Dr. R. J. Kirkland.

Pis. walkeri var. mainense n.

Differs from the type in the following points: it is smaller,

shorter, especially so the anterior part, and less saccate. But it re-

resembles P. walkeri by the small beaks situated near the very short

and truncated posterior end, the surface sculpture and color, and

the thin shell. Placed side by side with typical specimens, which,

in outline, have a marked resemblance with P. virginicum, it would

hardly be ranged under the same species. But by comparing num-

erous specimens from different places, I came to the conclusion that

they are not distinct.

Habitat: Different waters near Caribou, Aroostook Co., Maine,

collected by Mr. Olof O. Nylander.

New Philadelphia, Ohio, Sept., 1898.

HALIOTIS CRACHERODII Var. CALIFORNIENSIS Swainson.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

In his “ Zoological Illustrations,” Vol. I, pl. 80 (1821-2) Swain-

son describes and figures the “small-holed Californian ear-shell,”

which differs, he states, from the ordinary black ear-shell by its

more numerous smaller holes, deeper spiral, differently shaped outer

lip, ete. Mr. Fred L. Button, of Oakland, has lately forwarded to

me a specimen from Guadaloupe Island, off Lower California, which

agrees well with Swainson’s account and figures, and unmistakably

indicates, I think, a valid variety of H. Cracherodii. Mr. Button

writes: “It came to me as H. Cracherodii var. californica Stearns,

as | wrote you. On looking it up I find it mentioned several times

by Dr. Carpenter, both in his Brit. Asso. Report, 1856 (pp. 174, 199,

291, 520, 350 and 351), and in his Smithsonian Report, 1872 (pp.

6, 6, 13, 84, 100 and 137). In the latter, he speaks of it as the rare

var. of H. Cracherodii, and calls it an ‘extreme var. of H. cracher-

odii, having 10-11 holes (p. 15).

“Swainson’s H. californiensis was figured in Zool. II., 11, 80, with

10 small holes. I have one with 16 holes. The specimen I send is

from Guadaloupe Island, Lower California, nearly 1,000 miles south

80 THE NAUTILUS.

of Monterey, the home of the type H. Cracherodii. The type runs-

usually 5-7 holes, with rarely as few as 2-4” or as many as 8 or 9.

The specimen now before me measures: extreme length, 112, width

87, convexity 38 mm. There are 12 holes, with the thirteenth

nearly closed. The holes measure 2 mm. diam. except the first and

third, which are a little smaller. A young specimen in the collec-

tion of the Academy measures 74 mm. in length and has 9 holes,

with the tenth nearly enclosed. This variety is probably restricted

t» the south, and, perhaps, to this single island. It will be interest-

ing to learn whether other West Coast collectors have the form,

and what its distribution is.

C. E. BEDDOME.

BY S. RAYMOND ROBERTS.

“ Died on Thursday, September 1, 1898, at his residence, ‘ Hill-

grove, Brown’s River road, near Hobart, Tasmania, Charles

Edward Beddome, retired Lieutenant of the late Indian Navy, aged

59 years.”

In the death of Mr. Beddome, natural science, particularly as

relating to Australian malacology, has met with a severe loss, for he

‘was a careful observer and an indefatigable worker in its field.

This has been evidenced through his various writings upon the sub-

ject, his last contribution to conchological literature being an ad-

mirable paper entitled “ Notes on Species of Cyprea Inhabiting the

Shores of Tasmania,” which appeared in the Proceedings of the

Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sept. 29, 1897.

GENERAL NOTES.

Note on Cyprza rashleighana.--The above Cowry was described in 1887,"

and in the following year was refigured, the original description being repeated

in the ‘Survey of the Genus Cyfrea, 1888.”* Although the habitat was

queried it seems probable that the type came from the neighborhood of Hong-

kong. Since this time three or four specimens have occured amongst the

Hadfield mollusca from Lifu; these, however, are either too young orin a

not very satisfactory state of preservation. My object in alluding to this species

at the present opportunity is to call attention to a very beautiful and large

example which has been for years in the National Collection at South Ken-

sington, having formed part of the Cumingian stores. This was figured by

THE NAUTILUS. 81

Mr. Lovell Reeve® as a stunted form of C. ¢abescens L., but has been over-

looked by Sowerby‘ and by Mr. Raymond Roberts in the ‘“ Monograph of

Cyprea,.”°? Rather blindly following Reeve in 1888,° I signalized this as var,

a of C. tabescens under the proposed varietal name of /atior. Mr. Edgar

Smith being disposed to allow it specific rank, labelled it in the National Col-

lection “/atior Mely.”” Last year, however, it was closely examined by us

both, in comparison with the original type of C. rash/etghana, and pronounced

identical. The pyriform shape, different dentition, narrower aperture, small

clearly defined dark brown lateral punctuation, with other characteristics, dif-

ferentiate this species from its allies, C. ¢abescens, C. teres and C. interrupta.-—

JAMES CosMO MELVILL, Journal of Conchology, July 1898.

1 ¥. Conch., vol. 5, p. 288. 2 Manch. Mem. (4), vol. 1, p. 218, 219. 3 Conch. Icon., pl. 14,

no. 66a, 1845. 4 Thes. Conch. 5 Tryon, Man. Conch., vol. 7, 1885. 6 Loc. cit., p. 218.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

THe DisrrRiIBuTION OF THE UNIONID& IN Micuican, by Bryant

Walker. (Read before the Michigan Academy of Science, March

31, 1898). This paper is based upon the reports filed in connection

with the census of Michigan mollusea undertaken by the Concho-

logical Section of the Academy. A sketch of the plan of these re-

ports may be found in this journal for January, 1898. Of the

Unios, 7 or less than one-fifth, are known to range over the whole

State, 3 are characteristic of the northern portion, while 30, or 75%,

are confined to the southern portion of the State, and do not extend

north of the valleys of Grand and Saginaw Rivers. As no natural

barrier prevents the spread of these species northward, an explana-

tion is sought in the physical conditions of the region during the

glacial period, when the lakes drained into the Mississippi from the

southern end of Lake Michigan and into the Ohio from the western

end of Lake Erie. On the partial recession of the ice-sheet a chan-

nel was formed ‘across the State along the Saginaw-Grand valley.

“ There can be no doubt that it was through these ancient channels

that the barren waters of the lake region were peopled by an immi-

gration of southern forms.’ A map illustrates the records of dis-

tribution of Unio luteolus, rubiginosus and Anodonta footiana.

THe Mo.vusca oF THE CHICAGO AREA: THE PELECYPODA, by

Frank Collins Baker, Chicago Academy of Sciences, Bull. no. iii.

This bulletin of 130 pages and 27 plates forms the first installment

82 THE NAUTILUS.

of an illustrated monograph on the mollusks of Cook and DuPage

Counties and adjacent portions of Will Co., Illinois, and Lake Co.,

Indiana. Mr. Baker prefaces his account by a useful general con-

sideration of the structure of mollusks, their preparation for study,

collection, ete., with full notes on the general character of the Chi-

cago fauna, localities where the various forms occur, and other in-

formation and statistics which will prove of great use both to

subsequent naturalists in that locality, and to those who may have

occasion to compare the fauna with that of some other district.

In the treatment of the species, full descriptions of each at various

stages of growth are given, with the synonymy, distribution, judi-

cious comparisons with allied forms, and more or less extended ac-

count of the soft parts.

In the generic arrangement, the assistance of Mr. C. T. Simpson

has been secured ; and the old genera Unio and Margaritana have

been dismembered, and their species distributed among Alasmodonta,

Strophitus, Unio, Anodontoides (a new genus for Anodonta ferussa-

ciana and subcylindracea), Quadrula, Obliquaria, Plagiola and

Lampsilis, the latter with subgenera Metaptera, Euryma and Corun-

culina (new section for U. parvus). Those familiar with Mr. Simp-

son’s studies of this family will probaby agree with us that these

genera are well founded, and their recognition is a distinct advance

in our knowledge of the group. Most of them were originally

founded by Rafinesque ; but their limitation and definition is essen-

tially Mr. Simpson’s own work.

The plates are excellent half tone reproductions of photographs.

Some of them are among the best figures of Uniones we have seen ;

and while a few do not show the details of the teeth as well as could

be desired, and we would prefer them to be printed in a different

color, still there is little to criticize. They are a distinct success.

Conchologists throughout the middle west, as well as others inter-

ested in the shells of that region, will find Mr. Baker’s book of great

service. While there are a few slips, such as the statement on p. 12

that the mollusca are “ of quite recent date geologically,” and on p.

11 that in one group (Gastropoda) the mouth is provided with a

radula, where the author probably meant that a radula is present

in all but one of the groups (Peleeypoda), still such oversights are

few.

We heartily congratulate the Chicago Academy of Sciences upon

the appearance of the work, and their success in placing before its

THE NAUTILUS. 83

people such a complete account of the present status of their mollus-

can fauna. We only wish it were possible to have similar works pre-

pared in all of our large cities, before advancing civilization de-

stroys or locally exterminates many species.

ConrTRIBUTIONS TO THE TrRTIARY Fauna oF FLoripa, by

Wm. H. Dall. (Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of

Science, Vol. III, pt. 4, 1898). This volume is a continuation of

Professor Dall’s great work on the Tertiary Mollusks of Florida,

and treats of two orders of the Pelecypoda: Prionodesmacea and

Teleodesmacea. ‘‘ Including in many cases a complete revision of

the generic groups treated of and their American Tertiary spe-

cies.”

In the Nueculide and Ledide the generic and specific synonymy

is fully given and 18 new species described. The name Parallelo-

dontide is substituted for Macrodontide (in pt. 4) since the generic

name Macrodon is preoccupied. In the family Arcide 30 new spe-

cies are described and many changes are made in the nomenclature.

Glycymeris DaCosta 1778, is used instead of Pectunculus Lamarck

1799, and a number of Conrad’s species are reduced to synonyms.

Arca occidentalis Phil. is adopted for the Florida and West Indian

species that has been referred to Arca now Linn. by many authors.

“ A careful comparison shows that the American shell should not

be united with the Mediterranean Arca noe.” Arca campechensis

Dillwyn has precedence over A. peaataSay. Arca americana Gray

is also considered a synonym,

We cannot altogether approve of Dr. Dall’s manner of treating

the names of subgenera and sections; more uniformity in writing

the name of a shell would simplify matters greatly. We do not

think that subgeneric names should be used instead of generic, or

the names of sections in place of subgeneric names.

In the family Pinnide 5 new species are described. Melina Ret-

zius, 1788, is adopted instead of Perna Lamarck, 1799, which

necessitates changing the family name to Melinide. In the family

Pteriide, Pteria Scopoli, 1777, takes the place of Avicula Olivi,

1792. A very interesting account of the “ origin of the mutations

of Ostrea” is given, followed by a review of the described species.

The family Pectinide is well represented in the American Tertiary,

including the fossil species from the Pacific Coast. One hundred

and twenty-five species and varieties are enumerated, 21 of which

84 THE NAUTILUS.

are new, including 5 from the Pacific Coast. Under Spondylus

echinatus Martyn, the common recent Spondylus of the West Indies,

fall no less than 21 synonyms. Plicatula gibbosa Lam., 1801, is

used instead of P. ramosa Lam., 1819. In the family Limide7 new

species are described and Lima lima Linn. is adopted for L. squa-

mosa Lam. Five new species of Anomiide@ are described. For

Placunanomia rudis Brod. and P. macroschisma Desh. the genus

Pododesmus Phil. is used. To the Mytilide are added 10 new spe-

cies. Lithophagus forficatus Ravl. and L. candigerus are synonyms

of Lithophaga aristata Dillwyn. ;

Dreissina or Mytilopsis leucopheta Conrad has been placed in the

genus Congeria. Juliide is adopted in place of Prasinide. Julia

Gould antedating Prasina Deshayes by one year. The Recent and

Tertiary Pholadide are thoroughly reviewed and two new species

described. Zirfea “ Leach, 1817,” Gray, 1847, is adopted instead

of Zirphea Leach, 1852. But one species of Panopea is recognized

from the Florida Pliocene. The many generic or subgeneric names

proposed for various forms of Corbula are either placed in the

synonymy or used as sections. Ten new species are described.

In the study of the family Mactride Dr. Dall presents an im-

mense amount of valuable systematic work on the Mactroid hinge.

‘““To make these details clear and avoid excessive verbiage, it be-

comes necessary to name the parts of the hinge, and for clearness I

prefer to use, for the most part, plain English terms, applied for

the occasion in a particular and exclusivesense.” These characters

are clearly shown by ten figures. The classification is that given

in THe Navutixus, Vol. VIII, pages 25-28, 39-43. Fourteen new

species are described. The work closes with the family Mesodesma-

tide in which six new species of Ervilia are described. The volume

contains 13 plates.

The Pliocene fauna is so closely allied to the Recent that much of

Professor Dall’s work bears upon the latter quite as much as on the

Tertiary, and we shall, therefore, notice the work applying particu-

larly to recent shells and their evolution separately next month.

Typographically the volume is a beautiful one, most creditable

to the Trustees of the Wagner Free Institute and to those engaged

in its mechanical execution. We take exception to only one fea-

ture, the date ‘‘ April, 1898” upon title-page and cover. The first

copies, we believe, were distributed October 29, 1898.

(act NAeeius.

Vor. XII. DECEMBER, 1898. No. 8.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN

ZONITIDZ AND ENDODONTIDA.

BY HENRY “ASSPIESBRY:

Pyramidula Cockerelli n. sp.

Shell having the general shape of P. striatella; thin, greenish,

more or less streaked and dotted with light yellow; a little shining,

very irregularly wrinkle-striate, some specimens unequally ribbed

in places above and at the margin of the umbilicus. Spire convex,

the first whorl a little protruding. Whorls 41, the first whitish-

corneous and glabrous when unworn, the rest convex, regularly

widening, separated by a deep suture; last whorl obtusely angular

at the periphery in front, becoming rounded on its later portion ;

base well rounded, the umbilicus showing all the whorls, its width

contained about 3.7 times in that of the shell. Aperture oblique,

rounded, the penultimate whorl cutting out a segment of about one-

fourth the whole circle of the thin and simple peristome; the

ereatest diameter of aperture contained about 2.4 times in that of

the shell.

Alt. 2.8, diam. 5.5 mm. (specimen from New Mexico).

Alt. 3.2, diam. 6.5 mm. (specimen from Colorado).

This species is based upon a series of shells from Labelle, Taos

County, New Mexico, collected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun, and speci-

mens from Custer and Saguache Counties, Colorado, collected by

Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. It is what has been very generally

known as Patula Cronkhitei Newe.; but reference to co-types of

&6 THE NAUTILUS.

that species in the collection of the Academy (part of the original

lot), shows it to be very strongly ribbed. Indeed, Dr. Newcomb

himself bases its claim to distinctness from P. striatella upon the

stronger ribs and smaller size. P. Cockerelli is far smoother than

P. striatella, and, indeed, is so distinct from that species that no de-

tailed comparison is needed. P. Cockerelli is far more like the

Japanese P. pauper Gld. than any American species; but there is

no evidence showing P. paupe® Gld. or P. floeculus Morel. to occur

in American territory. The latter was described from Kamchatka,

and has been found on Bering Island in the western Aleutians.

Dr. von Martens has well figured the type specimen in his concho-

logical miscellany, “‘Conchologische Mittheilungen.”

P. Cronkhitei is barely distinguishable from P. striatella by the

features alluded to above, and its standing even as a sub-species of

striatella is dubious. It occurs commonly in northern California,

in the counties draining into the Sacramento, and the same form has

been found in Alaska; but I have not seen it from intervening

territory. ;

Pyramidula striatella catskillensis n. var.

Sculpture sharper than in the typical form, umbilicus wider and

shallower, and periphery angulated. Tannersville Valley, Catskill

Mountains, N. Y.; White Pond, Warren County, N. J.

Mentioned in the Catalogue of Amer. L. Shells (No. 344a), but

not before described.

Omphalina fuliginosa polita un. y.

Similar in general features to O. fudiginosa, but the surface

glossy, as though varnished. Mountain region of eastern Tennes-

see and western North Carolina, particularly the ranges along the

boundary. Mentioned, but not described, in the Classified Cata-

logue of Land Shells of America, No. 246a.

Gastrodonta Clappi n. sp.

Shell depressed, shaped much like G. multidentata, the upper

surface somewhat convex, lower surface flattened, deeply in-

dented around the minute umbilicus; thin, a little transparent,

deep chesinut-amber colored and brilliantly glossy; composed of

fully 63 very narrow and closely coiled whorls, the initial one rather

coarse, the first half turn smooth, the rest of the shell sculptured

with closely spaced impressed radiating grooves, which extend with

THE NAUTILUS. 87

undiminished strength over the base; last whorl broadly rounded

at the periphery. Aperture very narrowly lunate, the convex out-

line of the crescent somewhat angular in the middle; peristome

thin and simple. Alt. 3, diam. 5.7 mm.

Mirey Ridge, Great Smoky mountains, Tennessee, near the North

Carolina boundary.

This is one of the fruits of Messrs. Ferriss and Clapp’s summer

journey to the Great Smokies and Unakas, the story of which will

be given to our readers by Mr. Ferriss, who suggested to me the

propriety of naming the species in honor of Mr. George H. Clapp.

Though both the adult and young specimens I have seen are

toothless, G. Olappi seems to be allied to G. lamellidens and multi-

dentata, but with a decidedly smaller umbilical perforation, the

same number of whorls with twice the diameter, and a decidedly

different ornamentation, the radiating grooves reminding one of

Vitrea sculptilis Bld. V. capsella is more widely umbilicated.

Zonitoides Randolphi n. sp.

Shell depressed, with the general form of Pyramidula striatella,

thin, somewhat translucent, brownish; the upper surface somewhat

convex, the first 1} whorls decidedly protruding, glossy, whitish-

corneous, contracting at the beginning of the next whorl; surface

irregularly but strongly striated, both above and below. Whorls

33, decidedly convex, the last convex below; width of umbilicus

somewhat over one-fifth the diameter of shell, showing ail the whorls.

Aperture oblique, subcircular, somewhat less than one-fourth of the

cirele excised by the penultimate whorl.

Alt. 2.7, diam. 4.8 mm.

Lake Linderman, Alaska.

The last whorl is less flattened than in Z. limatiulus, the umbilicus

narrower, and there are fewer whorls.

ANODONTA IMBECILLIS, HERMAPHRODITIC.:

BY DR. VY. STERKI.

On October 28th, last, I chanced to secure a good number of

Anodonta imbecillis, Say, for a more careful examination about

hermaphroditism. Of forty specimens opened, all, without an ex-

'See Tue Nauvitus, XL1, p. 30 (July).

88 THE NAUTILUS.

ception, showed the outer branchize charged with ova, most of them

containing young embryones. At the same time their gonads con-

tained ova in various stages of development in the inferior parts,

and sperma, mature and immature, in the superior and usually

more anterior parts, both elements being in somewhat various pro-

portions as to quantity and the space occupied. In one specimen

sperma bearing nuclei were not distinctly seen, but microscopic ex-

amination showed spermatozoids among the ova, the two evidently

mixed up artificially.

The shells of these specimens were of somewhat different shapes:

a part had the inferior margin evenly curved, while in others it

was more straight, or even slightly sinuous in the middle, still others

being intermediate. These differences are regarded as indicating

sexual differences in other (true) Anodont:e by many conchologists,

and it remains to prove or disprove that by examining large num-

bers of specimens.

SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, AS A COLLECTING GROUND.

BY IF, W.AISELSIY.

This subject has probably been thoroughly discussed by collectors

far better versed in conchology than I, but a few lines from this

quarter may be of interest to those who, like myself, are compara-

tively speaking, novices.

About two years ago I began to feel an interest in shells, other

than that caused by a mere admiration of their diversified forms,

colors, markings, etc., and since that time, I have spent much of my

spare time collecting, studying, and classifying the many mollusks

which abound in our bay and in the waters of the adjacent coast.

The weather and other circumstances permitting, I spend at least

two Saturdays of each month collecting, and the following list of

species obtained on my last trip, Saturday, October 29th, will give

the reader some idea of the variety of little rock dwellers of this

locality.

On the above date, my wife and I landed in a skiff on the reef

extending out from Pt. Loma, just below the light-house where

several acres of rocks are laid bare by the receding tide. We

hunted from noon until four o’clock among the eel grass, sea anem-

ones, ribbon kelp and rocks, with such keen enjoyment that we

THE NAUTILUS. 89

were sorry to leave the fascinating search and return to the more

commonplace affairs of every-day life.

On cleaning up the result of the day’s hunt, we counted the fol-

following list consisting of 83 species, aggregating 1,117 specimens

nearly all of which are live shells in good condition :

Krato columbella, Menke. 1

Erato vittellina, Hds. 1

Norrisia Norrisii, Sby. 16

Phasianella compta, Gld. 41

Haliotis splendens, Rve. 29

Haliotis cracherodii, Leach. 2

Haliotis corrugata, Gray |

Haliotis sp. 1

Acmza asmi, Midd. 11

Acmeza mitra, Esch. 1

Acmeea patina, Esch. 7

Acmea persona, Esch 12

Acmea scabra, Nutt. 3

Acmea spectrum, Nutt. 6

Opalia crenatoides, Gld. 6

Lazaria subquadrata, Cpr. 1

Monocerus engonatum, Conr. 6

Monocerus var. spiratum, 3

Ocinebra interfossa, Cpr. 2

Ocinebra circumtexta, Stearns 2

Chlorostoma aureotinctum, Fbs. 47

Chlorostoma gallina, Fbs. 4

Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Ad. 3 .

Mitra maura, Swains. 9

Macron lividus, A. Ad. +24

Volvarina varia, Sby. 154

Mytilus bifurcatus, Conr. 10

Olivella biplicata, Sby. 60

Action punctocaelatus, Cpr.

Leptothyra carpenteri, Pils.

Leptothyra bacula, Cpr. 17

Leptothyra pausicostata, Dall. 5

Diplodonta orbella, Gld. 1

Drillia moesta, Cpr. 2

Lacuna unifasciata, Cpr. 12

Amphissa versicolor, Dall. 12

| Lueina Californieca, Conr. 5

Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. 4

Hipponyx tumens, Cpr. 4

Haminea virescens, Sby. 4

Acmea depicta, Gld. 3

Acmeea incessa, Hds. 7

Acmea palacea, Gld. 6

Crepidula adunca, Sby. 3

Crepidula dorsata, Brod. 3

Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. 2

Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt. 4

| Fissurella volcano, Rve. 25

Calliostoma gemmulatum, Cpr. 4

Chama exogyra, Conr. 2

Chama pellucida, Sby. 1

Nassa Cooperi, Fbs. 37

Omphalius fuscescens, Phil. 56

Cerostoma Nuttalli, Conr. 58

Saxicava arctica, Linn. 2

Litorina planaxis, Nutt. 14

Litorina scutulata, Gld. 7

Mopalia muscosa, Gld. 5

Ischnochiton magdalenensis, Hds. 3

Ischnochiton regularis, Cpr. 6

Trachydermon Nuttalli, Cpr. 8

Trivia Californica, Gray 1

Pomaulax undosns, Wood. 2

Janthina trifida, Nutt. 1

Odostomia nuciformis, Cpr. 6

Odostomia gouldii, Cpr. 1

Astyris gausapata, Gld. 7

Astyris tuberosa, Cpr. 15

Scalaria Hindsii, Cpr. 7

Conus Californicus, Hds. 3

12 species unknown to me, {6

9() THE NAUTILUS.

NEW SPECIES OF BIFIDARIA.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

Bifidaria perversa n. s}).

Shell sinistrorse, oblong-cylindro conical, horn-colured, trans-

lucent; apex rather acute; base umbilicate-rimate, the umbilicus

partly overlaid by a projecting part of the last whorl; whorls 53,

rather slowly and regularly increasing, convex, with the suture

moderately deep, the last equaling two-fifths of altitude, slightly

narrowed at-the periphery, at last somewhat ascending and then

protracted horizontally beyond the periphery of the spire, for a

length equal to one-third of the diameter, with a rather high,

oblique crest-swelling all around, in front of that contracted, and

margins broadly everted all around at the aperture ; on the palatal

side of the protracted part, behind the aperture, a deep longitu-

dinal (spiral) impression; surface slightly shining, with fine,

almost regular, crowded striz; nucleus microscopically rugulose ;

aperture of moderate size, rounded below, truncated above, with a

sinus occupying the upper half of the palatal side. Lamellee and

folds: angulo-parietal large; angular at its inner end joining the

side of the parietal, with a curve reaching the margin at the supero-

parietal angle; parietal very high, strongly curved, the (inner)

convexity toward the columella, its front end at a rather large dis-

tance from the supero-columellar angle; columellar spiral, with its

front end on the parietal wall, its inner part not visible; basal

radial, lamellar, high ; inferior palatal fold very deep in the throat,

long, lamellar, curved downward over the basal, visible only from

the outside; superior quite short, high, tooth-like, in front of the

inferior.

Alt. 2.5, diam. of spire 1.1, whole diam. 1.5 mm.; apert. alt. 0.8,

diam. 0.6 mm.

Habitat.—Nogales, Arizona, on the Mexican border. Collected

by Mr. E. H. Ashmun, together with Bif. Ashmuni (see below) and

the following species:

Lif. perversa is unlike any other species of the genus, by its being

sinistrorse and the last whorl protracted considerably beyond the

periphery of the spire. In size, shape, color, striation, the con-

THE NAUTILUS. 91

figuration of the aperture with its lamell:e and folds, it stands

nearest Bifid. Ashmuni. These two species represent a new type

among the already very different groups of the genus.

Bifidaria Dalliana n. s).

Shell minute, ovate-turriculate, perforate-rimate, pale horn-col-

ored, translucent ; apex somewhat obtuse; whorls 5, regularly in-

creasing, convex, with the suture deeper between the upper than the

lower whorls; the last whor! ascending at the aperture, compressed at

the periphery, especially so toward the aperture, with a slight, shal-

low crest-elevation, its base narrow except just behind the aperture,

where there is a slight depression ; surface with very fine, crowded

strive; aperture equaling a little over one-third of altitude, almost

as wide as high, rounded below, with three almost equal angles

above, margins approximate, somewhat extended upward and con-

nected by a slight, straight callus, somewhat everted, especially

below, without a thickened lip. Lamelle and folds: angular and

parietal rather large, connected but distinct, the former ending at

the margin; a nodule-like infraparietal; columellar rather large,

lamellar, horizontally encircling the somewhat projecting columella ;

basal transverse (radial) on the impressed part of the base, short

lamellar, abrupt; parietal folds approximate, the superior rather

short, the inferior longer, deeper in the throat, somewhat oblique.

Alt. 1.6 to 1.8, diam. 0.8 to 0.9, apert. alt. 0.6 mm.

Soft parts very light-colored. Jaw rather strongly arcuate, with

rather fine, irregular, crowded, tubercular ribs projecting as irregu-

lar denticulations on the cutting edge. Radula 0.48 mm. long,

0.13 wide, with 72 transverse rows of 19 teeth, c: 4:5; the central

narrow, with three short cuspids, the laterals bicuspid; margiials:

one tricuspid, the others serrate—four to six-cuspid.

Habitat—Nogales, Arizona, with the preceding species.

Bifid. Dalliana stands near b. hordeacella Pilsbry, for the smallest

forms of which it might be mistaken, and some of the smallest West

Indian species of the genus. From hordeacella it is distinguished

by its being less cylindrical, the presence of the infraparietal nodule,

and the basal being lamellar, placed radially upon the impressed

part of the base, and nearer the margin than is the basal of hordea-

cellu. These differences appear to be trifling, but they are signifi-

cant. Over thirty lots of B. hordeacella, from Key West, through

Florida, Mississippi, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and from dif-

92 THE NAUTILUS.

ferent stations along the Mexican border, have been carefully com-

pared, and the characters noted were found constantly different in

both species. The n. sp. has been named in honor of Dr. William

H. Dall.

Bifid, Ashmuni, form minor.

In company with the two preceding Bifidarix, Mr. Ashmun

found some specimens of Bij. Ashmuni, which are uot only smaller

than the types, 1.5 to 1.9 mm. high, but the shell is also thinner,

the color paler, the everted part of the lip less broad, the number

of whorls one-half to one less.

NOTE ON THE GENERIC NAMES OF TWO GROUPS OF ACHATINID#.

BY .C. BF. ANCEY.

When writing on the terrestrial mollusca collected by Mr. P.

Duzen, Dr. Y.Sjéstedt, and Dr. J. R. Jungner in the German colony

of Cameroon, Mr. Adolf d’Ailly has thought to propose a new gen-

eric name for Achatina Shuttleworthi, Pfr. and Barriana, G. B.

Sowerby. ‘The author overlooked the fact that I had some years

ago (Bulletins de la Society Malacologique de France, 1888, p. 69),

proposed a name for the same group, of which A. Shuttleworthi was

made the type. Thus Ganomidos, d’Ailly, becomes a synonym of

Callistopepla, Ancey.

Mr. d’Ailly was not aware that Petitia, Jouss., established for

Achatina pulchella, von Mart. (or rather Petitia Petitia, Jouss.,

which is a synonym), already being used for another group of

shells—a section of Stoastoma—has been changed by me to Lepto-

cala in the same paper (page 70, foot-note 3). Achatina mollicella,

Morelet, probably is the oldest name for the type of the genus, as I

believe (and Mr. E. A. Smith, i. |., agrees with me in that respect)

that A. pulehella, v. Mart. (= Petitia Petitia, Jouss., = Achatina

Smithi, G. B. Sow., not Craven = Achat. Sowerbyi, Smith) is a

synonym or at least a mere smaller, more solid and conic variety of

the same. I have in my collection a typical specimen of A. mollicella,

Mor., one of the two original ones collected at the Gaboon by

Captain Vignon, and also examples of A. pulchella, von Mart., sent

me by the author, and cannot detect any characters of specific value

to distinguish them from authentic mollicel/a, Morelet.

eer

THE NAUTILUS. 93

A NEW UNIO FROM TEXAS.

BY BERLIN H. WRIGHT.

U. Iheringi. sp. noy.

Shell sub-plicate or slightly folded on the posterior slope and

forward over the umbonal area, sub-quadrate; substance of the

shell rather thick and uniform; beaks prominent, small, angular,

and ornamented with three or four doubly looped and corrugated

ridges; epidermis yellowish green to very dark red and nearly

covered with coarse faint green rays; teeth solid, remarkably

smooth, single in the right and double in the left valves; cicatrices

almost confluent, smooth and well impressed ; cavity of the beak

moderate; nacre a clear, lustrous white.

Diam. 1, length (height) 1%, width 5 inches.

Habitat—San Saba River, Menard Co., Texas.

Type in National Museum.

RemaArks.—This species was discovered by Mrs. John Alex.

Smith, of Menardville, Texas, who found it in company with N.

coloradoensis, Lea, houstonensis, Lea, gracilis, Bar. (?) tuberculatus,

Bar. petrinus, Gd., pauciplicatus, Lea, speciosus, Lea, anodon-

toides, Lea, and An. undulata, Say? Its affinities are with U.

pliciferus, Lea and U. Mitchellii Simpson. It differs from the first

in being less rayed, lighter epidermis, white nacre, sharper umbonal

angle, and more produced posterior dorsal margin, and lower and

flatter umbo. From the latter it differs in the beak sculpture,

which in Mitchellii is coarser and not looped, sharper umbonal

ridge, higher umbo, more generally folded, and in being rayed.

It gives us great pleasure to name this species in honor of Dr. H.

von [hering, Director of the Museum Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil,

who has done so much valuable work in many departments ot

Natural Science.

To Mr. Charles T. Simpson, of the National Museum, I am in-

debted for his comparisons with the type of his species.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

THE JOURNAL OF ConcHoLOoGy Vou. IX, No. 3, JuLY AND

OcroBeR, 1898.—Additions to ‘‘ British Conchology ” (continued )

By J. G. Marshall; “The Marine Mollusca of Madras and the

94 THE NAUTILUS.

immediate neighborhood” by J. Cosmo Melvill and R. Standen ;

‘““ Notes on some Anglesea land and fresh water Mollusca” by Chas.

Oldham ; ‘Observations on the pairing of Limax maximus L.” by

Lionel E. Adams; “ Notes on a Collection of Marine Shells from

Lively Island, Falkland, with list of species,” by J. Cosmo Melvill

and KR. Standen, the following new species are described and figured.

Lachesis euthrioides, Cyamium falklandicum, Thracia antaretiea.

““ Observation on abnormal specimens of Planorbis spirorbis and

other fresh water shells at Tenby,” by A.G. Stubbs. The article is

illustrated by a very interesting plate showing the various abnormal

forms. ‘‘ Notes on the land Mollusea of Grange-over-sands, Lan-

eashire” by R. Standen; “On Latirus armatus Ad.” by J. Cosmo

Melvill.

JOURNAL DE CONCHYLIOLOGIN, Vol. 46, Jan. 1898 (received

Sept. 23). “ Note sur quelques Mollusques terrestres des Isles Phil-

ippines encore peu répandus dans les collections,’’ par. H. Crosse (1

plate).

“ Coquilles nouvelles provenant des récoltes de M. L. Levay dans

le Haut-Mékong pendant la campagne du Massie (1893-94-95),

par. A. Bavay. New species described and figured: Amphidromus

TInosianus, Paludina simonis, P. Lagrandierei). Additions a la

Faune Malacologique terrestre et fluviatile de la Nouvelle-Calé-

donie et de ses dépendances, par. H. Crosse.

Description de coquilles fossiles des Terrains tertiaires inférieurs

(suite), par. M. C. Mayer Eymar (2 plates) 12 new species are

described.

The 436te and 437te Lieferungen of the Systematisches Conchy-

lien Cabinet have appeared. The former, by Clessin, treats of

Aplysia, and it is so inexpressibly bad that it is beyond criti-

cism. Lieferung 437 continues Kobelt’s account of the Auriculide,

including Zoospeum, Carychiwm, Pythia, Alexia and Cassidula, and is

by far the best monograph yet published on these forms, though

omissions are more numerous than we could wish. Thus in

Curychium, Bourguignat’s description and figures of his two worth-

less species, existelium and eupheum, are given, while exile, ocei-

dentale and jamaicense, all well marked American species, figured

years ago in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia, and in this journal, are not mentioned. The Cali-

fornian form of Alexia is also omitted, ete., ete.

THE NAUTILUS. 95

ON THE ANATOMY OF BuLimus sSINIStTRORSUS DeEsH., by Wm.

Moss and W. M. Webb (Journ. of Malacol., VI, 1897, no. 1).

Specimens from Lifu of this species, the type of the group Dru-

parnaudia Montrouzier,' yielded preparations of the genitalia,

dentition, etc., which are figured and briefly commented upon. The

penis has a terminal retractor and bears a well differentiated

epiphallus, but no flagellum. Jaw apparently almost smooth,

judging from the figure. Radula with mesocones only developed on

the rachis, laterals with large ectocone, marginals 4-denticulate

from deep splitting of both mesocone and ectocone. The details

given are sufficient to show that Draparnaudia is not a subordinate

group of Papuina. It lacks the arboreal or subarboreal type of

teeth, the weak, wide ribbed jaw, and the insertion of the retractor

on epiphallus. The dentition and jaw also exclude it from the

immediate neighborhood of Amphidromus. Penial accessories are

absent, so it cannot be a Buliminus. Draparnaudia would seem to

be a valid genus, not a satellite to any larger group; and the

evidence offered indicates its position to be among the epiphal-

logonous Helices ; though until the pallial region is investigated, we

cannot be certain that it is not a member of the Bulimulide.

New Creraceovs Fosstts from an artesian well-boring at Mount

Laurel, New Jersey, by C. W. Johnson (Proce. A. N.S. Phila., 1898,

pp. 461-464). A list of some 36 species is given, obtained from

depths of 100 to 160 feet. The fauna is regarded by Mr. Johnson

as equivalent to the Ripley bed of the Alabama and Mississippi

Cretaceous. Cinulia costatu, Anchura pergracilis, Turritella quad-

rilira and Tuba reticulata are described and figured as new, and the

lip of another new Anchura is figured but not named. Mr. John-

son states that Trigonia eufalensis is merely the young of T. thoracica

Morton.—H. A. P.

NOTES AND NEWS.

We regret to announce the death of our esteemed friend, Mr.

John Shallcross, which occurred at his home in Frankford, Phila-

delphia, on October 30th. He was born in that suburb January

4th, 1827, where he spent his entire life. He was a prominent

1See Nauriius, Feb. 1897.

96 THE NAUTILUS.

lawyer, being admitted to the bar in 1856. As a member of the

Academy of Natural Sciences he was especially interested in

conchology, his collection being notably rich in Volutide and

Cypreeidee.

The Boston Society of Natural History has purchased the Rev.

J. T. Gulick’s personal collection of Achatinella of the Hawaiian

Islands. In his annual report, the curator, Prof. Alpheus Hyatt

says: ‘“‘ This accession makes the Society’s collection the most com-

plete in existence, if to the list of species and the number of shells

we also add the facts that it is accurately labelled, contains seventy-

two originals of the species already described, has a full representa-

tion of a number of now extinct varieties and species, and was

collected so many years ago that it can be used in some localities to

show that new species have arisen upon Oahu within the past ten or

twenty years. There are at present under this roof about fourteen

or fifteen thousand shells of this one group, which many naturalists

consider to be but one genus. These practically all belong to the

Society, and there are also about six thousand more, the property of

Mr. Oleson, of Worcester, kindly loaned to the curator for study ; in

all about twenty thousand shells.”—E. W. R.

NrwspaPeR ConcHoLocy.—‘ One of the most beautiful shells

found along our coast is that of a large snail which climbs certain

trees and grows delicately fat on the young birds. The shell is as

thin as tissue paper, oddly curved and almost as transparent as the

finest glass. It belongs to the family of edible snails so prized as a

delicacy on the coast of France, and if properly prepared makes a

delicious dish. It is most abundant about New River inlet, where

the slight shake of a tree about sunset will bring a shower of them

to the ground. The breakage of a shell seems to be of little trouble

to the snail—he repairs the damage and moves on.”—Jacksonville

(Fla.) Citizen.

The JOURNAL DE CoNCHYLIOLOGIE is to be published hereafter

under the direction of Messrs. H. Fischer, Ph. Dautzenberg and L.

Dolfus. We wish the new directors success equal to that enjoyed

or so many years by the late directors, Crosse and Fischer.

Wat N«gaius.

\ a Gn eee JANUARY, 4899- Nowe

COLLECTING IN THE GREAT SMOKIES.

BY JAMES H. FERRISS.

For three summers | have collected in the Great Smokies, prinet-

pally upon Thunderhead and Mirey Ridge and in Cade’s Cove.

Clingman’s Dome was skimmed over a couple of times and also the

bluff of the Little Tennessee at Tallassee ford, and this year I gave

three days to the Unaka range. This range is also on the line be-

tween Tennessee and North Carolina.

When a tenderfoot in shells, Mrs. M. L. Andrews, of Knoxville, sent

me Vitrinizonites latissimus. I felt that if a woman could do as well

as that, a map might find something as large as a tin cup, with spines.

At the first opportunity the wonderful shell land was surveyed, and

since then I have seen some of the most delightful days of my life’

These mountains are covered with a luxuriant growth of trees and

plants of many varieties, fungi and shells. It is an enchanted land

surely, for I am homesick until I return.

This year, George H, Clapp, of Pittsburgh, a careful student, a tire-

less collector, a regular cracker-jack, to speak professionally, aud my wife

went with me. From Knoxville we go southward thirty-five miles iu

a farm wagon. ‘There the road and telephone ends, and collectors are

at home with William Blair in Cade’s Cove, as good a man as was ever

made up to this time. Cade’s Cove, six miles in length, is thickly

settled, but from this point one must ride a mule or walk.

Mr. Clapp arrived in the Cove about noon a few days after I

had completed a little hasty prospecting. Late in the afternoon we

QS THE “NAUTILUS

bagged twenty Polyayra Chilhowcensis. These were fine, some pearly

white and dentated. We also obtained a few P. appressa perigrapta

Pils. and other good shells. There were none to throw away, for

even the Pyramidula alternata were a beautifully ribbed variety, var.

costifera Lewis, perhaps.

P. Chilhoweensis is an active snail, and whenever a piece of shaded

open woods in some level cove was found it was almost sure to be there

in the old brush piles or around old logs and stumps. LP. perigrapta

is a bark shell, sometimes found |in the moss upon the trunks of the

poplar trees and basswood, but usually under the old bark of dead

trees. We found ninety in one hour among the slabs of an old mill

yard. The favorite-trees for snails are the basswood, buckeye and

poplar, the latter known in other localities as tulip or white wood,

The stumps of the latter, when damp, are covered with the small va-

rieties of Zonites, Pupa and Strobilops.

The next day a short trip was made to a piece of oak barrens where

Poly. Christy was to be found among the dead leaves. Here we also

found a beautiful rose-colored albolabris, called “ redii”’ for short, of

about thirty mm, in width; tridentata with double teeth; Gastro’s

intertexta, demissa and gularis ; also Omphalina Andrewsex and variety

montivaga, Pils ; fuliginosa and. variety polita, Pils.; Helicodiscus

jimbriatus, Wetherby; Poly. Clarki anda Strobilops 1 am waiting

to hear what Mr. Pilsbry has to say about it.

The third day we took our dinner pails and went further and found

plenty of Poly. Wheatlyi and some fine stenotrema depilata Pils. It

rained and Mr. Clapp had difficulty with a pair of rubber boots. Wet

boots are hard on the feet. With theaid of two canes he could do but

little more than crawl coming down the mountain. Not being very much

acquainted with him at that time, not knowing how far to press him,

fearing he might think I wanted to run off with his boots, he was

punished a little more than really necessary. When he had about

come toa standstill I persuaded him to trade for my moceasins. I then

carried the boots upon my back to show good faith, and we rolled

homeward with light hearts, though our feet were heavy.

For collecting small shells Mr. Clapp had wooden pill bottles with

wooden stoppers. For the Helices I had a small fisherman’s creel

with a wide rubber band over the mouth, in which there was a slit.

To turn over sticks and barks and kill rattlesnakes I had something of

a ginseng hook made of a socket garden hoe, the blade cut down to an

about an inch and a half in width and about four inches in length,

THE NAUTILUS. gg

running toa point. Mrs. Andrews lent us a surgeon’s hook. Mr.

Clapp had a surgeon’s abscess syringe and I had a brush, or swab with

a flexible handle, made by twisting small copper wire around a piece

of sponge. Our collections were cleaned up every day and the shells

are clean. In cooking we kept the water at a boiling point, and with

a dipper made of wire netting boiled the large Poly. Andrews, a few

ata time, the albolabris or Chilhoweensis 40 seconds; appressa and Fer-

rissit 18; the Omp. Andrews 8, and Christy’ and Stenotremas 5,

the small Zonites 3 seconds.

The evening of this third day Mr. Clapp powdered his feet with

talcum and the next morning was ready to go up to Thunderhead with

a mule. Here we camped several days to recuperate, and opened a

mine for Gastro. lamellidens. These snails are under the shingle or

spawls of rock from one to two feet down. With these we found a

new Gastro. about the size of Gastro. Andrews, which Mr. Pilsbry

named “ Clappi.” It is exceedingly frail, and before we un-

derstood this many of our few examples were broken. There will be

only enough for Pilsbry and the National Museum this time. We

also found it at Mirey Ridge, about twelve miles further east.

The mules were brought up again to move us, but were so loaded

with our camp dunnage we walked. Mrs. F. could not walk half a

mile to the street cars at home. Mr. Clapp left us at this camp for

home, and Mrs. F’. and I stayed another week alone and then took a

hasty trip to Clingman’s Dome when the mules came again. It rained

all that part of the trip and we went back to the Cove in one day in the

rain. There were twenty miles to cover anda number of those sat

upon edge, so they didn’t count, but Mrs. F. had her mule to ride this

time. [only found the red and banded varieties of Po/y, Andrews and

Ferrissii upon Clingman in the two hours I was there. I was a little

afraid of bears and may not have looked close enough for the smaller

varieties.

Before leaving, Mr. Clapp helped to open a mine for Ferrissié upon

the slope of Mirey Ridge. The shingle was soon abandoned, for we

found the snails under heavy, damp slabs of stone from three to twenty

feet across, piled up at the foot of slides. By cleariug away the moss

and roots and getting light under, and by taking different angles of

observation we could often find two or three under one roof, and oeca-

sionally a Wheatley’, and I once found tbe new Gastrodonta. The

young of Ferrissii were hirsute. We wore our finger nails down to

the sore point and crawled around on the damp soil until our laay

100 THE NAUTILUS.

partner made a protest. The soil in itself was clean, but when plas-

tered all over with it we looked bad. It will always be worth a dollar

apiece to collect damellidens and Ferrissii unless some higher grade

localities are discovered, Mr. Clapp has since written me that he has

found /amellidens from New Hampshire.

Poly. Clarki had climbed higher or dug deeper this year. Very

few were found, and those only by accident. Our largest was one of

18 mm. in width. In our opinion the dark coves at_the base of the

mountains are the best collecting grounds. But as the recuperation

of health is the only excuse I have to get away from business partners,

I led the way to the mountain tops. At 6,000 feet it is cool and

bracing when hot below. It is also too high for mosquitoes and flies.

Polygyra Andrewsx, Omp. Andrews, Polygyra Rugeli, Cireinaria

concava and Gastro. accera are the most active snails at all elevations.

Vitrinizonites latissimus is active upon the slopes near the mountain

tops. It is found in damp situations and there are two varieties, one

light horn color with a smooth, firm shell; the other, known as the

grape skin variety for convenience, larger, nearly black, very thin

shelled and nearly always crumpled. Both social, but usually col-

onized separately.

The large white or light horn colored variety of Foly. Andrewsee 1s

the most active variety of this species, and is to be found in the paths.

among the leaves, upon the trunks of trees or old logs everywhere,

and it is very sociable. I found twenty-three around one stump. This

species bothered us. The large variety does not colonize with the

smaller. We found it 37 mm. wide and 25 in height. The smallert

smoky, typical variety, with a round aperture and about 22 mm. in

width, was found upon the top of Thunderhead. It was usually a,

rest under the moss of the trees or under the rocks, but it is nearly as

active as the larger variety. It has a banded variety. Upon Mirey

Ridge, upon the Tennessee slope, was a larger, banded form of about

27 mm. with a white variety. Here we found the dark, cherry-red

form of about 27 mm., with a white lip, resting in the moss upon old

logs or the lower corner of large rocks lying up from the ground. The

animal was light colored also, and when it rolled out from under the

moss its shining red whorls and white lip glittered like a jewel, and

Mr. Clapp never failed then to whoop like an Indian. The shell is

solitary in its habits and never found traveling. We only found two

at once upon the same stone. Upon the North Carolina side of the ridge

we found a form about the same size as the latter, which we called

a ee

THE NAUTILUS. 101

“half and half” for convenience. The lower half of the body whorl

was light colored, the upper dark.

Upon Clingman the habits seem to change. The mountain is coy-

ered with balsam and the moss is very deep, and as this mountain is

the highest of the group the clouds hang about the peak continually.

Here the red Andrews was active, sometimes in the grass, which

erows as high as one’s head, and sometimes two or more were upon the

roof of large rocks, in company with a light colored form and Ferrissi’.

But only one Ferrissié was found under a rock at a time, and the last

whorl was much larger than those upon Mirey Ridge.

The next trip I went alone with some deer hunters about forty

miles to the south into the Unaka range. Tarrying at the Little Ten-

nessee [ found Poly. pustuloides Bld., Gastro. significans and a beauti-

ful form of depressed Omphalina Zevigata. In color the latter had

that peculiar blue of the Campelomas, and it was 25 mm. in width. I

also found Unio regularis, Lea, in the river, and of ferns I found the

incisum form of Asplenium trichomanes heretofore found only in San

Diego, Cal., and Vermont.

Upon the deer hunt we left our tent, coats and blankets behind and

carried cooking utensils, corn meal and bacon upon our own backs. We

slept under sheds large enough for a fire made of hemlock bark on the

spot. The fire was needed every night. We slept on bark, good bark.

Alone and so far away, among bears, rattlesnakes and strangers, I felt

timid and did not get many snails, but L know it will be good ground °

for next year. The snail hulls, as they cail them in Tennessee, were

very large. One of my Chi/howeensis measured 40 win.; a Poly. An-

drewsx, 39; Wheatley’, 24; Palliata and an Omphalina subplana,

25 each. I also found the rose-colored variety of albolabris upon the

hillsides, colored through and through and shining like a piece of

china. It measured about 20 mm.

When Mr. Pilsbry’s report comes in I may send THE NAUTILUS a

list of the snails found upon the Smokies by Mrs. Andrews, Mr. Clapp

and myself.

NEW AMERICAN LAND SHELLS.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Vitrea rhoadsi,n, sp. Similar to V.indentata, but differing from that

species in the distinct umbilicus, about one-half mm. wide, showing the

penultimate whorl within ; radial grooves more numerous, and there-

fore closer. The same characters, and the smaller size, separate

102 THE NAUTILUS.

rhoadsi from V.carolinensis. Alt. 2.5, diam. 4.8 mm.. or some-

what smaller.

Distribution, mainly along the Blue Ridge and for some distance

each side of it, and south to the Great Smokies. It is lacking, so far

as we know, in New York, Ohio, the whole trans-Alleghanian region

and the Gulf States, where V. ‘ndentata is of common occurrence.

Special localities are as follows :

Connecticut: W. Granby, Hartford County (Benton HHoleouine

New Jersey: White Pond, Warren County (Pilsbry & Rhoads,

type locality).

Pennsylvania: Yop of High Knob, Pike County (S. N. Rhoads) ;

Philadelphia (Tryon) ; Monterey, Adams County (Pilsbry) ; Fulton

County (C. W. Johnson ).

Maryland: Cumberland (Howard Shriver).

West Virginia: Wirt County (William J, Fox).

North Carolina: ‘* Roandale Farm,” near Magnetic City (A. G

Wetherby). ;

Tennessee: Roe’s Flat, Cade’s Cove, in the Great Smoky Moun-

tains (James H. Ferriss).

This Vitrea seems to be especially characteristic of the somewhat

mountainous northern portion of New Jersey and Pennsylvania tra-

versed by the Blue Ridge. It often occurs associated with typical V.

indentata, from which it is perfectly easy to separate it by the well-

marked umbilicus. The series before me shows constantly the dif-

ferences mentioned above, with no intergradation whatever, even when

rhoadsé oceurs with indentatus.

It is named in honor of Mr. 8. N. Rhoads. who collected the types

with the writer. Mr. Rhoads found it also in Pike County, Pennsyl-

vania.

Probably the “ variety with an open wmbilicus,” which Mr. Binney

mentions without a under Z. indentatus (Manual of American

Land Shells, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 28, p. 63, p. 17) is this form.

Collectors who will a through their series of TV. indentata and

V. hammonis from the region indicated above will probably find speci-

mens of VW. rhoads/. It is much easier to separate from ‘ndentata than

carolinensis is.

VITREA INDENTATA AND VARITETIES.

The widely distributed V. éxdentata varies from distinctly perforate to

a scarcely punctured condition. In Say’s types the perforation may be

THE NAUTILUS. 103

seen with a good lens, though it was not noticed by Say, who probably

worked with what would now be thought an inferior glass. In cen-

tral and southern Texas a large race occurs, in which the shell attains

a diameter of 6mm. Itis always distinctly perforate, pale and pellucid.

The difference between this and the form from other regions is slight.

but seems correllated with geographic position. Some hundreds of

specimens have been examined, from New Braunfels, Hidalgo, San

Antonio, etc. I have seen this form labelled “ Z. scu/ptilis’’ by

some collectors, and Mr. Binney so identified the specimens collected

in Texas by Hemphill, some of which are before me. (Man. Amer.

L. Sh. p. 219). It is quite unlike true sew/ptilis, but approaches Vit-

rea carolinensis Ckll., which is a geographically separated mountain

form, very close to /ndentata, though, I believe, sufficiently distinguish-

able.

SUCCINEA RETUSA MAGISTER n. var. Distinguished from WS. re-

tusa Lea (ovalis Gld. not Say) by its larger size, less developed spire

and larger aperture. Alt. 18, greatest width 93-10, length of aperture

15-14 mim.

A commen form in the northern Mississippi valley, sufficiently un-

like “ ovalis”’ to be separated therefrom by collectors generally, and

frequently called “ S. Miggins’.”” It is No. 358a, of the catalogue.

Types are from Rock Island, Illinois, collected by myself.

PUPA DECORA AND ITS ALLIES.—An excellent series of the typical

Pupa decora having been secured by Mr. P. B. Randolph in the

Dyea Valley, it is possible to institute more satisfactory comparisons

with allied forms than the limited number of specimens before avati-

able permitted P. decora seems to vary but little. Of its imme.

diate allies P. corpulenta Morse is very uear decora, perhaps only

varietally distinct. J. comcinnula, Ckll. is a smaller shell, with

elongated laminz rather than denticles within the outer lip. It oe-

curs in Colorado, and I have received specimens from the Jemez

Mountains, New Mexico, collected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun. P. co-

lumbiana Sterki is an apparently valid species of this group, though

not yet described; and I have still another form from near Lake Su-

perior which is allied tu P. decora, but differs in smaller size, in hay-

ing another denticle at the foot of the columella (five in all, instead of

four), and a sharper, higher crest behind the outer lip, the edge of the

latter more projecting in a point above, when seen in a profile view.

This may be called Pupa (Nearctu/a) superioris. The west coast

104 THE NAUTILUS.

Nearctulas, ?. Californica and its allies, differ from those of the in-

terior in wanting the crest behind the outer lip.

From a study of Morch’s description and figures in the American

Journal of Conchology, vol. 1V, p. 380, pl. 8. f. 6-9, it is obvious

that Pupa hoppii Moller is not identical with ?. decora. Binney’s

ficure in Man. Amer. L. Sh., ft. 190, does not represent the true

hoppti ; and no reliable record of its occurrence ontside of Green-

land has been made.

—___ > <> +> —_____.

IN MEMORIAM—M. H. CROSSE. (1)

BY REV. A. H. COOKE, KING’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, ENG,

The scientific world in general, and malacologists in particular, will

have learned with profound regret the news of the death of M. Joseph

Charles Hippolyte Crosse, which took place on August 7, 1898, at

his country residence, the Chauteau d’ Argeville, at Vernon, near

Paris. No man of his time has done more, few have done as much,

to promote the study of the mollusca, and in him France has lost one

of her most distinguished men of science. It was one of those strange

coincidences that sometimes occur to us all, that I should have been

walking down the Rue Tronchet, Paris, and wondering whether I

should eall at No. 25, only the day before I returned home to hear of

his death, and receive the request to write this obituary notice.

Born in 1827, it was in 1851 that Crosse contributed his first paper

(Notice sur Uhabitat du Panopxa aldrovandi de Sicile) to the

Journal de Conchyliologie, which was then in the second year of its

existence, edited by M. Petit de la Saussaye. It gives some idea of

the strides which the science has made since those days to learn that

then malacology was still governed by the systems of Lamarck and of

Cuvier. Reeve, Sowerby and Kuster had but recently commenced

their iconographies ; Kiener had suspended his; the Adams Genera,

Philippi’s Handbuch, Gray’s Guide, Woodward's and Chenu's Man-

ua/s were yet to appear. (Geographical distribution, as a serious study,

was absolutely unknown.

It is with the Journal «ie Conechyliologie that Crosse’s memory

will be forever associated. His name first appears in the title page of

that periodical in 1861, and it is not too much to say that to him and his

distinguished colleague, Dr. P. Fischer, who, considerably the younger

man, pre-deceased him by nearly half a decade, is due the entire

(1) From Vie Fournal of Ma/acology, Vel. vii, p. 4, December, 1898,

THE NAUTILUS. 105

credit of carrying on for more than thirty years a publication which

has consistently maintained the highest standard of excellence in the ar-

ticles which have appeared in its pages. Not to speak of innumerable

minor notices and reviews of books, Crosse contributed from his own

pen alone, 249 articles, 83 in conjunction with P. Fischer, and 13 more

in conjunction with A. C. Bernardi, T. Bland, O. Debeaux, E, Marie

and Dr. Souverbie, making a grand total of 548. He was singularly

faithful to his own journal, for the only contributions he ‘ever appears

to have made to any other recognized scientific paper were six articles

which appeared in the years 1855-59 in the Revue ef Magasin de

Zoologre.

Crosse’s knowledy» of the mollusca was not confined to any special

group or groups, but was tar-reaching and comprehensive. Naturally

his acquaintance with anatomical details was subordinate to his familiar-

ity with other portions of the study. The land mollusca of New Cale-

donia and New Mexico are, perhaps, the two fields on which he will be

found to have left the must permanent traces of his ability. The former

he dealt with in the columns of the Journal alone ; the latter, in c)l-

laboration with Dr-P. Fischer, in the Etudes sur les Jollusques ter-

restres et fluvialiles du Mexique et du Guatemala, which formed.

with an atlas of 71 plates, the two large quarto volumes making up

Part VIL of the Recherches Zoologiques, compiled by the Mis-

ston Scientifique au Mexrique et dans’ Amerique Centrale, and

published by order of the Minister of Public Instruction in France

(1870-1893). He also began, in conjunction with the same author,

the Histoire naturelle des Mollusques lerrestres et fluviatiles de

Madagascar, 1889, but this work does not appear to have been com-

pleted. He was especially fond of cataloguing the molluscan fauna of

islands. Some of his lists thus compiled are invaluable to the student

of geographical distribution, remarks upon which generally accompa-

nied the lists. Among the islands thus treated are Rodriguez, Ker-

guelen, Socotra, Prince’s and St. Thomas Islands (W. Africa), Nossi-

Be and Nossi-Comba, Trinidad, Cuba (177 pp.), San Domingo (143

pp-), Porto Rico and New Caledonia (315 pp). His sympathy with

problems of geographical distribution is further shown by such articles

as the following: Distribution geoaraphique et synonymie des

Bulimus auricul’formes del Archipel Viti; Catalogue des mol-

lusques qui vivent dans le Detroit de Behring et dans les parties

voisines de Vl ocean Arctique; Faune malacologique du Lac Tan-

ganytka, du Lac Baikal.

106 THE NAUTILUS.

Another marked feature of his writings is the cataloguing of all

known species of certain genera, often with synonymie and geograph-

ical distribution appended. Among the genera thus treated are

Cancellaria, Conus, Holospira, Hybocystis, Lyria, Merwe, Opis-

thostoma, Parmacella, Pireaa, Placobranchus, Pleurotomaria

Pomatias, Rapa, Rhodea, Kisella and Voluta.

It naturally befel one who had the handling of vast masses of ma-

terial to found new genera, as well as innumerable new species, yet he

” school, and discountenanced.

rather by example than rebuke, the folly of those who reduce the sci-

ence to confusion by manufacturing a new species for every second

specimen. ‘To Crosse are due, either singly or in conjunction with P.

Fischer, the following, amongst other genera: Acroplychia, Berend-

tia, Diplomphalus, Eucalodium, Geostilbis, Guestieria, Peret-

ra. Strebelra and Xanthony-r.

————

PRELIMINARY DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY OF HALIOTIS.

was no sympathizer with the “splitting

BY ROBERT E. C. STEARNS.

Haliotisfulgens, Phil., yar. Walallensis, Stearns.

On the coast of Mendocino county, California, in the extreme south-

west corner, close to the northerly boundary line of Sonoma county, is

an embarcadero or shipping point of the lumber interests of that neigh-

borhood ; here is situated a small settlement known as Gualalla.* The

coast hereabout is broken and rocky, with bluffs fifty to a hundred feet

high. In the immediate vicinity of this village Mr. J. J. Rivers

some years ago collected the forms herein described,specimens of which

are contained in the National Museum (No. 98,327) and in the mu-

seum of the University of California. The examples in the National

collection were kindly presented to me by Mr. Rivers, and are a part

of the original lot. The largest adult is of much smailer size than the

average adult examples of the ordinary form of H. fulgens ; my ex-

amination of the entire series collected by Mr. Rivers suggested the

European H. twberculata of the Channel islands. There is a Japa-

nese figure in Reeve’s Conch. Icon., H. planata, which it somewhat

resembles. As my note book containing the diagnosis, ete., of the

above was unfortunately destroyed some years ago, I am indebted to

2 Guallala, which is the official post office name of the village, is a local-

ized corruption of the Indian Wa/a//a, which latter, Ithink, should be per

petuated.

THE NAUTILUS. LOT

the courtesy of my friend, Dr. W. H. Dall, for the following deserip-

tion from the National Museum examples:

Shell of an oval form, considerab y flattened and with about two and

a half whorls; color, dark brick red, with occasional mottlings of pale

bluish green; holes, four in the young to six in the adult; sculpture,

of fine, somewhat irregular spiral threads, crossed by fine, close, slightly

elevated, sharp, concentric lamellee, and a few small obscure wavelets

which radiate obliquely from the apex ;. nacre rather pale, with pink

and pale green reflections, but much less deep in color than the typ-

ical fulgens Lon., 100; lat., 68; alt., 17 mm.

This variety differs from the type in its more elongate and flattened

form, its constantly finer, spiral threading and its paler nacre. The

concentrie lamellation is sometimes undeveloped on the young shells.

It has the same number of boles as the type.

This varietal form may be regarded as the extreme northerly expres-

sion of Hf, fulgens; the latter, if my memory is not at fault, has not

heretofore been credited to any part of the coast north of Point Con-

cepcion ; from that point to Gualalla is an immense jump, about 320

nautical miles.

pare es

GENERAL NOTES.

A New Genus or Hetices.—Upon dissecting specimens of Poly-

gyva miorhyssa Dall, recently, Prof. Cockerell noticed several important

points of divergence in the genitalia as compared with what has been

been observed in Polygyra, and sent fresh material to Prof. Pilsbry,

stating that a new group seemed to be indicated, and requesting fur-

ther examination This resulted in the confirmation of the features

first noticed and the discovery of others, indicating a new generic

group, which may be called Ashmunella, in honor of Rev. EK. H

Ashmun, whose researches in New Mexico and Arizona have added

materially to our knowledge of the mollusk fauna of those regions.

The type is P. mtorhyssa Dall. An illustrated account of Ashmun-

e/la will appear in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sci-

ences of Philadelphia. eA. Po & ED, Ay C

MELAMPUS FLORIDANUS SHUTTL.

In August; 1894, I collected

some Melampus on Chambers’ farm, Queen Anne county, opposite

Chestertown, Md. They were put in the collection of the Academy

under the name, I. I/neatus Say, but on examination they prove to be

M. floridanus, Shuttl. May not other collections have this Floridian

species from northern localities ? K. G. VANATTA.

108 THE NAUTILUS.

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED.

THe Lower CRETACEOUS GRYPH2ZAS OF THE TEXAS REGION. By

Ropert T. Hit and T. WAYLAND VAUGHAN. (Bull. 151, U.S.

Geol. Survey.) In the introduction to this work there is an ac-

count of the great controversy that arose between Prof. Jules Mar-

cou and other American paleontologists “concerning the species

Gryphea pitcher7, Morton, and the formation in which it was

found.”

* By the erroneous impression given to Dr. Roemer, th rough the

careless preservation of original type specimens, the first confusion

of Morton’s G, pitcher? with other species of Gryphe@a was started,

and the nucleus was created for an almost endless misrepresentation

and confusion of forms, which has so permeated all the literature

of the country that the task of correcting it at times seemed almost

impossible.”

The variationsof Gryphea corrugata, Say 1823 (G. pitcherz, Mor-

ton, 1834), called by Marcou in 1851 G@. fuewmncar//, are now known

to be Lower Cretaceous.

“Mr. Stanton’s (Bull 106, U. S. Geol. Sur., pp 60-62), recent

studies of Newberryand Schiel’s Gryph@a pitcher/ trom the Upper

Cretaceous of New Mexico and Utah shows it to bea distinct spe-

cies (G. Newberry/, Stan.), and removes the lasi vestige of G. p7tch

erZ from the Upper Cretaceous.

“A review and classification of the fossil Ostreidz of the Texas re-

gion is given, after which is a historical statement of the discovery

of the forms referred to, G. pricher?, Mort., and the geographical

and stratigraphical distribution of the Lower Cretaceous Gry-

pheeas.”

A description of species follows G. ward7is described as new,

and tor G. p/tcher/, Blake (not Morton) the name of G. marcou? is

proposed. The other forms that have been referred to, G prtcher/,

etc., by various authors, are here arranged under four species: G.

corrugata, Say: G. navia, Hall; G. washitaensis, Hill,and G.

mucronata, Gabb. The work contains 66 pp. of text and is pro-

fusely illustrated by 35 plates.

Toe Nawericus.

War, 2618 FEBRUARY, 1899. No. 10.

COLLECTING SHELLS IN THE KLONDIKE COUNTRY.

BY P. B. RANDOLPH

We left Seattle, Wash, on August 1, 1897, for the Klondike gold

fields. Our first stop was made at New Metaketta, Duncan’s Island,

Alaska. We only made a short stop here to take on water. I made

a rush for shore, and, in a short time, had collected a few each of Cir-

cinaria sportella hybrida Anc., Circinaria vancouverensis Lea and Poly -

gyra columbiana Lea. These were found under the logs and boards

just above high tide mark. No further stop was made until we reached

Dyea, at the head of Lynn canal. From here we had to be our own

pack-horses to the lakes. The Dyea valley is heavily timbered and

the narrow bottom land covered with alder. We laid over one day,

about half-way to the Dyea cafion, and [ improved the time collecting

the small species found there, consisting of Pyramidula striatella

cronkhitei Newe., very plentiful under dead leaves and sticks, Conulus

Julvus alaskensis Pils., Punctum conspectum Bld., and Pupa decora

Gould. This last was very plentiful, and I think that in one day’s

faithful collecting I could supply the cabinets of the world.

Packing 100 pounds over a pass 3,000 feet high did not tend to

arouse my conchological ambition, but at each stop I prospected the

dead leaves and sticks with varying success.

We laid over one day at Lake Linderman, resting from the past

week’s hard work, and I had time to hunt over the flat at the head of

the lake, where a small stream empties in. Here I found several dead

shells of the Vitrina exilis Morel., and was despairing of finding any

alive, but at the last moment found three under a small dead stick.

These were the first of this genus that I had ever seen alive, and I felt

110 THE NAUTILUS.

well paid for the time spent. I also found Pyramidula striatella

cronkhitei Newe. and Conulus fulvus alaskensis Pils. Associated

with these were two shells that Mr. George H. Clapp and Mr. H. A.

Pilsbry considered new, and were kind enough to name in my honor,

Zonitoides randolphi Pilsbry and Clapp. At the head of the lake,

near our camp, the rocks were covered with Valvata sincera Say and

Linnea palustris Mull.

The next day we put together our canvas boat, made of twenty-

ounce duck, ready for our 600 miles trip down the Lewes and Yukon

rivers to Dawson. At Marsh lake found dead shells of L/niiea ampla

Migh., some very large, one measuring one inch aud a half long and

one inch across, and a dwarf variety of Limnea palustris Mull.

The only shell collected going down the Lewes river was Succinea

nuttalliana Lea.

We ran the famous Miles cafion in our canvas boat, but packed our

outfit and boat around the White Horse rapids.

I had no further opportunity for collecting until we reached Dawson,

Northwest Territory. There I found dead shells of a Suceinea, where

a fire had run through the moss, but they were too fragile to handle.

Snow commenced to fall on September 12th, and that put an end to

collecting trips.

We spent the winter on one of the claims on Bonanza creek, in the

ordinary occupation of a miner in that latitude, which would be

another story.

After the clean-up in the spring we rebuilt our canvas boat in the

shape of a scow to godown the Yukon river 1,800 miles to St. Michael’s.

We left Dawson on June the 9th and leisurely floated with the current,

enjoying the days twenty-four hours long; that is, at Fort Yukon the

sun was visible all the time. As I heard one man ask another “the

time of day,” “ Kight o’clock’’ was the answer. The first said: ‘Tam

worse off than before; I do not know whether it is night or morning.”

I did not find any live shells on the upper river, but on the bars found

a few dead shells of Succinea chrysis West.

The mosquitoes were very bad on the lower river, and it was

nearly suicidal to go into the brush; but when about twenty miles

below Andreafsky we were compelled to lay over on account of wind

and rain. I tried the experiment of building a smudge in the gold-

pan and carrying it with me. I was rewarded by finding that the

ground and stalks of grass were alive with Succinea chrysis West., and

before the day was done I had nearly a pint cup of them cleaned.

THE NAUTILUS. iM fae

The next day we left the main river and followed a slough that led

us into three large lakes that run to the foot of the mountains. The

banks are ten to twenty feet high and perpendicular. Near the water

was a stratum of shells (Macoma inconspicua Brod.), about four inches

thick. This locality is about 100 miles from the Aphroon mouth of’ the

Yukon.

Atan Indian camp below Holy Cross Mission I saw the right valve

of an Anodonta used as a spoon by an old squaw. She could not under-

stand, or would not, so I could not learn where it was found. She also

prized it so highly that, though offered a good trade, she would not.

part with it. It was the size and color of our Anodonta oregonensis.

We made an early camp at Point Romanoff, which is about half way

from the mouth of the river to St. Michael’s,on the Arctic Ocean.

Here I had to make use of the same expedient that I used before to:

“stand off”’ the mosquitves, and found on the drift wood on the beach

specimens of Conulus fudvus alaskensis Pils. and Pupa decora Gould.

After entering the canal that connects the Arctic Ocean with Norton’s

Sound I found the small ponds that are common on the trundra full of

Limnexa palustris Miull., most of them of large size. I also found a

small bivalve very plentiful that was new to me, and I collected a

large number of them ; but, alas! they belong to the Crustaceans and

the other fellows are enjoying them.

I did not find any marine shells at St Michael’s, but when we stopped

at Unalaska, on the Aleutian Islands, I had a low tide to work on, and

on the rock spit near the dock collected and recognized the following

species:

Purpura lima Mart:

Buccinum fischerianum Morch.

Volutharpa ampullacea Midd.

Margarita helicina Fabr.

Margarita albula Gould.

Littorina sitchana Phil.

Tritonium oregonense Redf.

Kulima sp.

Acmzxa patina Esch.

Pecten sp., dead shell.

Sazicava ruaosa I.

Saxidomus squalidus,

Modiola modiolus Lam.

Mytilus edulis 1.

112 THE NAUTILUS.

Tapes staminea Contr.

Placunanomia macroschisma Dh.

Katherina tunicata Wood,

and two species that I have not located as yet.

At low tide Tritonium oregonense is very plentiful and busy filling

their egg cases. Out of the hundreds seen, but one miniature specimen

possessed the beautiful epidermis that characterizes the species; the rest

were eroded so badly that in some cases the body whorl was alone whole.

At the high tide mark Littorinas were so thick that both hands

could be scooped up full, and the color varieties were all there.

Under the stones at near low tide the beautiful Eulimas were so

plentiful that under one stone, not larger than a dinner plate, [ gathered

over 100; but the tide would not wait for me, so I had to leave this

rich field before I had half explored it. The steamer had finished

coaling ; so I bid adieu to the northern country with much regret.

I wish to thank Messrs. Dall, Clapp and Pilsbry for straightening

out the material which I brought down.

we me

UROSALPINX CINEREUS IN SAN FRANCISCO Bay.

In Tue Naurttiuus for June, 1894, 1 cailed attention to the oceur-

rence of the eastern “oyster drill,’ Urosalpinx cinereus (Fusus

cinereus Say), on the beds of transplanted eastern oysters near Bel-

mont, as announced in Mr. Charles H. Townsend’s paper* on “ The

Oyster Resources and Oyster Fishery of the Pacific Coast.’’ The

Belmont beds are on the western shore of the bay on the flats of San

Mateo county. Within a few days I have received from Mr. Henry

Hemphill several examples of this familiar form, collected by him on

the old oyster beds on the eastern shore or flats of Alameda county.

In course of time this species will no doubt be found elsewhere, and

become numerous on both sides of the southerly portion of San Fran-

cisco bay. Mr. Hemphill, it may be remembered, was the first to

detect the presence of Mya arenaria hereabout (named by Dr. New-

comb at the time M. Hemphilli). It is not unlikely the mussel so

frequently found adhering to the eastern oysters, Mytilus hamatus

Say, will sooner or later turn up in the bay region, and Mr. Hemp-

hill may be the first to find it.

Rosert E. C. STEARNS.

Los ANGELES, CAL., December 7, 1898.

* Report of the U.S. Fish Commissioner, ete., 1889-91, published in March, 1893

ee en ee

THE NAUTILUS. IA:

POTAMOLITHUS JACUHYENSIS, N. SP.

BY H. A. PILSBRY.

Shell turbinate globose, the last whorl with a “ shoulder,” pro-

duced by an obtuse but distinct angulation of the whorl above its

middle ; solid and strong, smooth, except for light growth lines, cov-

ered with a strong, dark brown cuticle, becoming reddish on the spire

and green behind the outer lip. Spire low conic, whorls about 43,

those of the spire but slightly convex, the last large, obtusely angular

above, rather flattened peripherally, the base somewhat concavely

tapering. Aperture large, rather dilated, oblique, livid within, be-

coming blue-white toward the lip and on the inner margin ; peristome

continuous, blunt, thickened within at the upper angle, the outer lip

a little waved or sinuous, inner margin heavily calloused, rounded, a

narrow columellar crescent defined by an arcuate angle. Alt. 6.5, diam.

5.3, greatest length of aperture 5 mm.

Rio Jacuhy, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Dr. H. von Ihering)

This species differs from P. lapidum in the angular last whorl,

more heavily calloused, parieto-columellar margin, much larger aperture,

and the angle defining a narrow, crescentic columellar area. P. orbig-

nyt Pils. is more closely allied than any other known species, but in

that the body whorl is more distinetly biangular, the outer lip is more

expanded and distinetly varixed, ete.

The species of this genus already described by d’Orbigny and my-

self, came from La Plata, Parana and Uruguay rivers. The present

form is interesting as being from the Jacuhy, a stream flowing into

the Atlantic instead of into La Plata.

For previous references to this genus, under the names Paludes-

trina, Lithoglyphus and Potamolithus, see d’Orbigny, Amér. mérid.,

p- 382; E. von Martens, Malak. Blatter, 1868, p. 192; H. von

Ihering, Malak. Blatter (n. F ) VII, p. 96, and Pilsbry, Nautilus X,

pp- 86, 119.

——.614 a —

REMARKS ON THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF CONULUS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

In most parts of the world there occur small land snails with thin,

yellow or brown glossy shells, conical, pyramidal or teocalli shaped,

with the axis imperforate or barely perforated. The foot has pedal

grooves and the side-teeth are thorn-shaped, with two or more points,

114 THE NAUTILUS.

In North America, Europe and Siberia these shells are known as

Conulus; in middle and South America as Guppya ; in India and

the Orient generally they bear the names Sttala and Kaliella ; wins

still other names cover species of Polynesia, ete.

Belonging to the great family, Zonitide, these are among the least

known snails of that group. The anatomy of only a few species has

been investigated ; the limits of specific variation are ill understood ;

and while it is moderately certain that there are several genera, still

the boundaries and contents of them remain to be decided.

Of the several generic names mentioned above, Conulus of Fitzinger

(1833) is the oldest,* the type thereof being the familiar, though not

well known, Helix fulva.

Herr Reinhardt} was, I believe, the first to point out the fact that

under C. fulvus of European authors, more than one species was in-

cluded. He distinguished two: the true C. fulvus, living in the

woods, and a new one, C. praticola, whick is darker colored, brownish

yellow, very glossy, the height very nearly equalling the diameter,

whorls rounder, the keel almost wholly disappearing, the mouth less

wide but higher, and the base shows distinct spiral striation. It lives

in meadows.

Bourguignat,{ dealing with the forms of southern and western Eu-

rope and northern Africa, agrees with Reinhardt as to the identity of

the typical fwlvus ; and, ignoring C. praticola, he recognizes and

defines some eight species inhabiting this area, all but two of them,

fulvus Mull, and Mortonz Jeffr., being new. This, however, seems

to be rather an extreme view, and it is likely that there are not more

than half this number, if so many as that, in Europe.

A number of forms have been described from Japan ; but, like the

Japanese Helices, Clausilias and most other snails, they apparently

belong to Chinese and Indian types, rather than to the C. fulvus

group. The senior species, H. pupula Gould, is far larger than ful-

vus, measuring some five mm. in height.

In America, Thomas Say defined two forms: Helix chersina, based

upon one hardly mature specimen from the Georgia Sea Islands, and

H. eaena, from a locality in the suburbs of Philadelphia. Both of

these have been considered synonyms of C. fudvus. In 1883 Herr

*Syst. Verzeich. Oesterreich Weichtiere, p. 94. The group originally con-

tained some Helices also.

+Sitzungsber. Ges. naturforsch. Freunde zu Berlin, 1883, p. 40.

3ull. Soc. Malac. de France, VII, 1890, p. 325-338, plate 8.

THE NAUTILUS. E15

Reinhardt described another, C. trochulus, from Texas. I do not

know that this has ever been noticed by any subsequent writer.

Finally, Dr. V. Sterki, that indefatigable observer of small shells,

whose researches have added so much to our knowledge of American

iniand mollusks, described a toothed Conulus, the first dentate form

of the genus known, as C. fulvus var. dentatus. §

The shell figured by Binney in the Manual of American Land Shells

(p. 67, fig. 26), is evidently C. fulvus. It will be noticed that he re-

cords considerable divergence in dentition between the observations of

various observers, Morse giving 18-1-18 as the formula of teeth, with

7 laterals on each side; Binney, 30-1-30, with 8 laterals, and Lehmann,

25-1-25. This, as Binney remarks, is more variation than often, if

ever, occurs among individuals of one species, especially in view of

the comparatively small number of teeth. The difference between

the two American observations is 24 teeth in a row, the totals being

61 (Binney) and 37 (Morse). This probably indicates that two dif-

ferent species were under observation by the two observers. Unfor-

tunately the limited time at my disposal, and the limited number of

specimens with the soft parts dried in, has prevented me from exam-

ining the dentition, which I hope to do when more abundant material

collected alive and with the animals dried in, is available. We may

now notice the American forms in detail.

Conulus fulvus (Miiller).

The species was originally based in part upon a larger shell of the

genus Hygromia, but authors agree in considering as the true fulvus

a shell much less elevated than chersinus, with five whorls, not so closely

coiled as in the several forms of chersinus, the last one distinctly

angular in front, the angle disappearing on the latter part of the

whorl ; base convex, indented and minutely perforate or subperforate

at the axis. Distinguished from chersinus and its varieties by the

fewer, wider whorls and generally less elevated contour. Helix

egena Say seems to me to be equivalent to fulvus. It is widely

distributed over the northern half of the Union and Canada, The

Rocky Mountain and California C. fulvus seem to be nearly typical

Julvus, though slightly diverging forms are present.

Conulus fulvus mortoni (Jeffreys).

Rather more depressed, the periphery of the last whorl distinctly

carinated throughout; whorls about 43. Described from England.

2 This journal, Vol. VII, p. 4 (May, 1893).

116 THE NAUTILUS.

It oceurs in Massachusetts, New York and at Hamilton, Ontario, but I

have not seen this from the South or West. It is the size of typical

fulvus, the young of which must not be mistaken for mortond.

Conulus fulvus alaskensis, n. var.

Similar to C. fulvus but with only 43 whorls, the iast one wider ;

periphery a little angular in front, becoming well rounded ; columellar

insertidn of the lip reflexed over the perforation, nearly or quite closing

it. Alt. 2.6, diam. 3.25 mm. Dyea valley and Point Romanoff, Alaska

(P. B. Randolph).

Conulus chersinus (Say).

This is very much elevated, the height of fully mature examples

exceeding the diameter, the general form being somewhat like that of an

immature Cerion. Outlines of spire quite convex ; whorls 63, appear-

ing very closely coiled, as seen from above, the last only faintly an;

gular, though in immature shells itds carinated. The base is quite

convex and the umbilical perforation very narrowly open. The lunate

aperture forms a less attenuated crescent than in the following va-

riety. Alt. 3, greatest diameter 2.8 mm. This form occurs from the

Sea Islands of Georgia to Florida, the specimen illustrated being from

Volusia county (coll. Pilsbry and Johnson, 1894).

Conulus chersinus trochulus (Reinhardt).

Similar to the preceding, but lighter colored, less elevated (though

still high), the crescentic aperture narrower. Alt. 2.75, diam. 2.8 mm,

New Braunfels, Texas. Though near chersinus, this form is not dif-

ficult to distinguish, and will probably stand as a southwestern sub-

pecies.

Conulus chersinus polygyratus, n. v.

Similar to the preceding, but less elevated, with narrower aperture ;

whorls over 6, very narrow, the last one bluntly but decidedly an-

cular in front, the angle above the middle of the whorl, base peculiarly

sloping below the periphery; upper surface with the lustre of silk;

base glossy, with a silky band around the outer margin. Alt. 2.2,

diam. 3 m., sometimes larger. Color generally deep, brownish am-

ber. Hamilton, Ontario (associated with C. fulvus mortont) ; Grand

Rapids, Michigan (with C. fulvus). Differs from typical chersinus

and trochulus chiefly in the peculiar form of the base, produced by

the high situation of the periphery, and the narrower aperture. The

numerous narrow whorls readily distinguish it from fulvus.

Conulus chersinus dentatus (Sterki).

Rather small, with the narrow whorls of the species, the last whorl

THE NAUTILUS. iba hie

containing 1 to 3 low, radial teeth, forming transverse barriers on the

basal wall, and appearing when the shell is viewed from the base as

white radial stripes. Jackson county, Alabama, on hills (H. E. Sar-

gent); Washington, D. C. (EK. Lehnert). The radiating “teeth ”’

are of exactly the same type found in Gastrodonta lamellidens Pils.

—a species of very different form.

—— + @> +

SOME STUDIES ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE CYCLADIDE.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

1. It has been said that there are two cardinal teeth in the right

valves of Pisidium amnicum Mull. and P. virginicum Gmel., while

all the other Pisidia have only one, and a group has been founded

mainly on that character. Examination of numerous specimens of

both species have shown me that that feature is only apparent. In

young and half-grown shells the cardinal teeth of the right valves are

single, just as in other species, only more curved, and as they grow

older there is a slight indentation in the middle. There the growth

of the tooth ceases, while both ends keep on growing, until at last there

are apparently two teeth, which, however, can usually be seen more or

less distinctly coherent, even in mature mussels The same character

has often been noticed in specimens of P. variabile and compressum,

where the ‘‘two teeth” were sometimes completely separated.

2. Reversed hinges. A few years ago Mr. Bryant Walker pub-

lished some interesting notes** about abnormal hinges in Sphaeria. I

had made some observations on the same subject, and have continued

doing so since. Three different arrangements were found:

1. The posterior laterals are reversed.

2. The anterior laterals and the zardinals.

3. The whole hinge is reversed, laterals and cardinals.

As Mr. Walker says, the posterior laterals and the cardinals alone

were never seen reversed, nor both pairs of laterals alone, nor did I

see the anterior laterals alone, nor the cardinals alone reversed. Evi-

dently the anterior laterals plus the cardinals form a kind of a unity,

being situated in front of the ligament, and when one part of them are

reversed all are so, while the posterior laterals stand alone. And the

reversion does not only affect the numbers of the teeth, but their whoie

*THE NAUTILUS, IX., p. 135. (April, 1896.)

118 THE NAUTILUS.

character. In the normal hinge the (single) lateral teeth of the left

valve are higher than those of the right one, usually projecting above

the level of the valve-edge. The reversed teeth are so in the right

valve. Reversion in one or other degree was seen in hundreds of

specimensof the Sphaeria s. str.: simile, striatinum, stamineum, (v.)

emarginatum and other forms, flavum, fabale, nobile, primeanums,

and in lots from some localities in 20 to 30 per cent. of all specimens.

Might it be inferred, trom the great instability of the hinge characters,

as well as the almost endless variability in shape, size and striation of

some species, that the whole group is of a recent geological age, with

the features not fully established? Has any such variability been

noticed in Corbicula, ete., or in the marine Cardiacea?

In Sphaeria rhomboideum, occidentale, corneum, etc., reversion

seems to be rare; and so in Calyculina. It has been noticed in Pesidium

- virginicum (three specimens, cardinal and anterior laterals), abditum

(totally and partly), and politum (one specimen, totally reversed). These

were the only instances noticed among many hundred, probably thou-

sands, of Pisidia examined for the hinge characters.

3. Ridges on the beaks of some Pisidia. Ridges (or appendages)

are known to be present on the beaks of a number of species, such as

supinum, henslowanum, compressum, fallax, cruciatum, punc-

tatum, ferrugineum, and for some of them they have been described

as characteristic. Of the North American species they have been seen

wanting in P. compressum, fallax and punctatum, usuaily in forms

which are characterized also by other peculiar features, and must be

regarded as varieties. But sometimes all possible intergradations may

be seen among specimens from one locality and ranging under the same

“form” or variety. In P. cruciatum the singularly shaped ridges

have been found absolutely constant so far.

On the other hand, beaks with their tops more or less flattened, and

with slight indications of ridges, may be seen in species where they are

usually rounded, as in P. variabile, abditum, splendidulum. Among

lots of the latter species, from Aroostook county, Maine, specimens

were found with very strong ridges, just as in P. ferrugineum, and

they would have to be regarded as representing a widely distinct species,

if it were not for intermediate forms.

This is one well marked example of the often perplexing variability

of those small mussels, and strongly urges the student not to rely on

one or other ever-so-striking feature for the distinction of species, but to

carefully consider the ensemble of all the different characters, all of

THE NAUTILUS. 119

which may be variable to a lesser or higher degree. It shows also that

it is impossible to found a species upon one or even a number of' speci-

mens from one locality with any degree of certainty.

4. Beaks of Calyculina. The presence of ‘“calyculate” beaks

and of caps on them, has been regarded as characteristic, first, for the

type species (C. lacustris Miull.), and then for the genus. Both these

characters had to be given up, as being not shown by all species

(e. g. transversa) of the otherwise well-defined genus. As to the

“caps,” they are by no means a constant feature of such species as C.

partumeia, securis, etc., and during the last years numerous speci-

mens were seen with the beaks simply rounded and having not even

traces of caps. These caps are nothing else but the embryonic shell

of the mussel, which is oblong or elliptic in perpendicular section, and

the additional growth is formed at an angle asa tule. It seems that

the specimens without caps were hatched during the warmer season,

when the young may be expelled at an earlier stage of growth, while

in cold weather they are retained longer in the brood pouches of the

parent and there growmore convex. Numerous young have been seen

with several narrow stripes, separated by lines of growth, along the

edges of the valves. On the other hand, specimens of C. transversa

are now and then seen with caps, and occasionally also Sphaeria and

different species of Pisidia. This point deserves to be studied more

exactly.

————_ + > >

GENERAL NOTES.

STATION OF LIMNA:A GRACILIS.—We have received from Mr.

Bryant Walker the following note on the above species, extracted

from a letter from Dr. R. J. Kirkland :

‘¢ Perhaps you will be interested in an observation respecting

Limneea gracilis Say. I think Dr. DeCamp was the only person

who found it in Reed Lake, near this city (Detroit, Mich.), and

he only found it one year in May. He once told me he collected

eighty-five on the rushes, where ‘they had come to spawn.’ I have

searched for it in the spring for the past three years, but have never

found one. Last fall, as I wrote you, I found quite a number in

November. ‘This fall, I found five on September 17, in the same

place as last fall. A week later found eighteen, two weeks later

found fifty. After that only two or three on each of several visits. I

think it was because the community was exhausted. Have searched

at other points in the lake, but unsuccessfully. They were found

120 THE NAUTILUS.

on rushes at an average distance of from six to eight inches from the

bottom, adhering unusually firmly with spire uppermost on a line

with the rush stalk. They did not seem to be in water over four

feet deep, nor in that shallower than six inches. They clung so

tightly to the rush that, in three instances, in the act of removing

them the muscle attaching them to the shell was fractured, and the

animal remained attached to the rush, leaving me with a clean shell

in my fingers. ‘Twice the shell broke without disengaging the animal

from his position.”

Notes OX THE INDENTATA GROUP OF VITREA.—Referring to the

remarks on this topic in the January Nautitus, I would note here

that the perforated form of Vtrea indentfata from Texas is var. um-

bilicata Singley. In ‘‘British Naturahst” April, 1893, p 81, I

wrote:

‘*Z. indentatus, var. umbilicatus, Singley, n. var. Mr. Singley

has kindly sent me this from Lee county, Texas. It is the form

figured in Man. Amer. Land Shells, fig. 17.”

If the figure of Binney cited by me is /. rhoadst, the name um-

biliicata must still apply to the Texan shell, as that is the only one

Singley or I had seen. I do not remember, however, that the shell

was much larger than usual.

In case there is any misunderstanding as to what carolinensis is,

I enclose a note giving my original description, not published hith-

erto in full in THe Navtitus:

Vitrea carolinensis, (Ckll). The original type was thus described :

Max. diam. 10, alt. 5 mm., whorls 5. Pale horn, shiny, semi-

transparent, umbilical region somewhat whitened. Surface of shell

with strong transverse growth lines and distinct transverse grooved

lines. The grooved lines are about 26 on body whorl. Umbilicus

small, narrow. Aperture obliquely large-lunate, the upper angle

much smaller than the lower. Peristome not sinuate.

Vitrea sculptilis (specimen from W. G. Binney). Max. diam. ro,

alt. 5 mm. Impressed strizee very numerous ; go or more on body

whorl. Peristome sinuous, reflected so as to nearly cover umbilicus.

Aperture narrower.

These were originally sent to me by Mr. Binney as ‘* two forms”

of sculpilis He afterwards agreed that they were distinct, and

that the form referred to scu/piilis was that species.

T. D. A. COCKERELL.

As Potyeyra Epvarnsi Bld. seems to be a rather localiy restricted

species, it may be of interest to record that Mr. Simpson and myself

found it not uncommon at Elizabethton, Tenn. Polygyra iri-

dentata complanata also occurred there. —BRYANT WALKER.

eae. N Avail Us.

VoL. XII. MARCH, 1899. Note

CATALOGUE OF THE AMNICOLIDZ OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

In the course of preliminary studies for a monograph of American

species of this family, projected some years ago by Dr. C. E. Beecher

and myself, I found that the Western species, or at least part of them,

have been very imperfectly understood by most conchologists who have

collected them. Thus, the name Bythinella or Pomatiopsis intermedia

has been applied to several distinct species of middle California, a region

where it does not occur. Bythinella binneyi and some Amnicolas have

been equally misunderstood, and some of the Fluminicolas need revi-

sion. I have, therefore, drawn up a list, with the localities of speci-

mens in the collection of the Academy, and descriptions of some new

species.

With a view to extending our knowledge of the range of any of the

species, I will willingly examine and identify specimens of the group

for collectors desiring to have their shells compared with types or

typical specimens of the several species.

The types of Amnicola limosa, A.micrococcus, Paludestrina imitator,

P. stearnsiana, P. hemphilli, Fluminicola columbiana, F. merriami, F.

erythropoma, Pomatiopsis binneyi and P. californica, as well as of the

synonyms Bythinella intermedia, Melania exigua and Amnicola turbini-

formis, and author’s specimens or co-types of all of the other species ex-

cept Fluminicola seminalis, are in the collection of the Academy of

Natural Sciences. My opportunities for determining the status of the

various species, and their synonymy, have therefore been favorable.

Genus AMNIcOLA Gld. and Hald.

A. micrococcus Pilsbry. Nevada: Small spring in Oasis Valley,

Nye Co. (Merriam); Aurora, Esmeralda Co. (W. M. Gabb). Cali-

122 THE NAUTILUS.

fornia: Death Valley, Inyo Co. (Nelson and Bailey); seven miles from

Fort Tejon, Kern Co. (W. J. Raymond).

It is a species of the desert region.

A. LImosa (Say). Utah Lake (Hayden and others), and Spring

Lake (Putnam), Utah.

A. (Cincinnatia) CINCINNATIENSIS (Anth.). Lake Point, (Hemp-

hill) and terraces, (‘‘ Bonneville” ) and Salt Lake, (Hayden); Sevier

Lake Valley, Utah (Wheeler Exped.).

Genus PyRGULOopsisS Call and Pils.

P. NEVADENSIS (Stearns). Pyramid Lake, Nevada.

Genus PALUDESTRINA Orb.

[Includes Bythinella Moq. Vand., and of authors generally. ]

P. LonGainqua (Gould). Colorado Desert, southern California, at

Indio, ete. (fossil specimens); Campo, and springs in Cayamaca Mts.,

San Diego (‘o., (Hemphill); Arizona Desert (R. EK. C. Stearns); near

White Pine, Nevada (Hemphill); Weber Caton, near Provo, near

Brigham City, near Salt Lake City (Hemphill); Bear Lake (Hayden),

and Utah Lake, Utah (Putnam); Crooked creek, a tributary of the

Owyhee R., southeastern Oregon (Gabb.) Bythinella intermedia

Tryon is a synonym. An extremely variable, widely distributed spe-

cies, often incorrectly identified.

P. rmrraror Pilsbry. Sonoma, Alameda and Santa Cruz counties,

California.

P. stTEARNSIANA Pilsbry. Marin, Alameda, Tuolumme, Santa Clara

vend Santa Cruz counties, California.

P. HEMPHILL (Pils.) near Kentucky Ferry, Snake River, Wash-

ington (Hemphill).

P. prorea (Gld.) Colorado Desert; Death Valley, Cal; States of

Durango and Michoacan, Mexico.

Bythinella seemani Ffld. is a synonym or smooth local race; FP.

protea varies, as Dr. Stearns has shown, from latticed to smooth.

“ Bythinella” cequicostata Pils., of Fla., is extremely similar. Tryonia

is probably only a subgenus of Paludestrina. (See Stearns, N. A,

Fauna No. 7, p. 278).

Genus TRYONIA Stimpson.

T. cLATHRATA Stimps. ‘Colorado Desert”; Pahranagat Valley,

Nevada (Merriam).

Genus FLUMINICOLA Stimps.

F. virens (Lea). Oregon: Willamette R. at Portland and Oregon

City; Columbia R. at the Dalles; upper Des Chutes R.; Umpqua R.

THE NAUTILUS. DBS

at Elkton, Douglas Co. Washington: Olympia and San Juan Co.,

Vancouver Id. (Faludina nuclea Lea is a synonym.)

F. NUTTALLIANA (Lea). Oregon: Willamette R. at Oregon City ;

Crooked creek, a tributary of the Owyhee R., Malheur Co. (Amnicola

hindsi Baird, described from Kootenay R., a tributary of the upper

Columbia, in British Columbia, is a synonym.) This species probably

inhabits the entire Columbia Valley.

F. conuMBIANA Hemphill. Columbia R., near Wallula and near

mouth of Snake R.,in southwest Washington; Snake R., near Weiser,

western Idaho (Hemphill!).

F. seMINALIS (Hinds). California: Sacramento R. (Hinds, New-

comb); Shasta Co. (Newe.); Pitt R. (Gabb); South Fork of Pitt R.,

at South Fork P. O., Modoe Co., head of Fall R., Siskiyou Co., small

ereek, Eagle Lake, Lassen Co. (MacGregor); Surprise Valley, north-

east Cal. (Gabb) Oregon: Klamath R.; west side of Stein’s Mts.,

Harney Co. (Gabb).

Var. dalli (Call). Brook flowing into north end of Pyramid Lake,

Nevada, (Call).

Var. Crane Lake Valley, northeast California. (Gabb.)

Amnicola dalli Call, A. turbiniformis Tryon and Lithoglyphus

cuming? Ffld. seem to be synonyms, the former perhaps a tenable small

variety.

F. rusca (Hald) Wyoming: Black's Fork, Green River, at

Millersville, and Smith’s Fork Green R. (Dr. Jos. Leidy). Utah:

Utah Lake; Bear Lake (Hayden), Malad River (Hemphi!l). South

Dakota: Cheyenne Pass (Carter). The localities “California’”’ and

“Oregon” for this species probably refer to former wide extension of

these territories to the eastward.

F. erYTHROPOMA Pilsbry. A spring in Ash Meadows, Nye Co.,

Nevada (Stephens). (F. fusca Hald. var. minor, Stearns, N. A.

Fauna No. 7, p. 282). Differs conspicuously from F. fusca in the less

rapidly widening whorls of the operculum.

F. MERRIAMI Pilsbry and Beecher. Warm Springs, Pahranagat

Valley, Nevada (Merriam).

Genus Pomariopsis Tryon.

P. BINNEY! Tryon. Bolinas, Cal.

P. cauirorNica Pilsbry. San Francisco and Oakland, California.

Hydrobia californica Tryon is an Assiminea; ‘“ H. egena Gld.” of

some collectors is the large form of Paludestrina imitator, the original

124 THE NAUTILUS.

‘‘ Amnicola egena” of Gould being a spiueless Potamopyrgus from New

Zealand.

Descriptions of New Species.

Paludestrina imitator, ». sp-

Shell narrowly perforate or nearly closed, narrowly ovate, thin,

light corneous, subtranslucent, nearly smooth, not glossy; whorls 43,

the first planorboid, causing the apex to be decidedly obtuse, the rest

quite convex, separated by a deep suture. Spire slender, conic.

Aperture somewhat less than half the shell’s length, ovate, angular

posteriorly, the parietal margin somewhat flattened; peristome thin,

the inner margin adnate tothe preceding whorl for a short distance

above. Alt. 3, diam. 1.6, greatest axis of aperture 1.28 mm.

Counties near San Francisco Bay, California. Types from Santa

Cruz.

This species, though corneous and subtranslucent, resembles a young

Bythinella nickliniana in form. It is evidently a ecmmon shell in the

region mentioned above. In a lot from Oakland the shells are larger

length 43 mm, with five whorls. This is analagous to the attenuata

form of nickliniana, in the East. The same large form is before me

from Petaluma Creek, Sonoma county (J. B. Davy) and Santa Cruz in

brackish water (W. J. Raymond); and [I have seen similar but

deeply eroded specimens, the earlier whorls wholly removed, from San

Pedro. It may be that the types and other specimens before me of

small size, perhaps some 200 shells in all, are only half grown, and all

would attain a length of 4 to 5mm. when adult. It is conspicuously

unlike “ Bythinella intermedia” Vryon and Pomatiopsis binneyi Tryon,

and is less attenuated than the smooth * seemani”’ form of ** Tryonia”’

protea. P. stearnsiana is not attenuated above, but stout spired, more

on the style of P. longinqua Gld. (intermedia Tryon), while in imi-

tator the spire is slender above, though the apex itself is quite obtuse.

P. stearnsiana, n. sp.

Shell narrowly perforate, ovate, thin, corneous, nearly smooth, some-

what glossy, whorls nearly 44, convex, separated by rather deep sutures,

the spire with convexly conic lateral outlines, stout. Apex rather

obtuse. Aperture half the shell's length or somewhat less, ovate, the

posterior angle blunt and rounded, peristome continuous, the inner

margin weil defined, generally quite free at the edge from the adjacent

whorl. Alt. 2.6, diam 1.7, or larger up to 3.2 mm. alt.

Near Oakland (type locality); Marshall’s, Marin Co.; Tuolumme

Co. (Hemphill). San Franciseo Peninsula? (G. W. Dunn.)

THE NAUTILUS. 125

Differs from P. imitator in the decidedly convex outlines of the

upper part of the spire, making it stouter, the rounded posterior angle

of the mouth, free inner lip, ete. In some specimens which I refer

to this species as a variety or form, the aperture and peristome are less

typical, but the shape of the spire readily distinguishes them from P.

imitator. Localities for this variety, if such it is, are Lyndon Gulch,

near Los Gatos, and a tributary of the same, Santa Clara Co., Straw-

berry Creek, Berkeley, Contra Costa Co., and Conly Gulch, Santa

Cruz Co., all collected by Mr. W. J. Raymond.

Named in honor of a West Coast friend. I wish for his sake it was

a foot long instead of two or three millimeters.

Fluminicola columbiana Hemphill, n. sp.

Shell subglobose, with very short, conic spire, and imperforate of

nearly imperforate axis. Moderately solid, of a dark olive or brown

color, glossy, with fine growth-striz. Whorls 4, separated by deep

sutures, the last whorl with a narrow ledge or shoulder below the

suture, then flattened and sloping, the periphery decidedly below the

middle of the whorl, broadly rounded; base convex. Aperture large,

irregularly piriform, being narrow and angular above, bluish inside;

outer lip quite thin and sharp; columella broadly concave, heavily

white calloused; parietal wall almost free from callous, dark. All.

7.5, diam. 6.8, longest axis of aperture 5.2 mm.

Columbia River, Washington, near Wallula and near mouth of

Snake R.; Snake River, near Weiser, Idaho (H. Hemphill).

The dark color, superior constriction and narrow but prominent

shoulder of the last whorl, accuminately narrowed posterior portion or

the aperture, and absence of callous on the inner lip, posteriorly, are

characters easily distinguishing this species from its congenors. It has

been known for some years under Mr. Hemphill’s MS. name of “ F.

nuttalliana var. columbiana,” but it seems to be one of the most dis-

tinct species of the genus.

Fluminicola erythropoma, n. sp.

SheJl small, globose-turbinate with short spire, perforate, thin but

moderately solid, silvery corneous in color, black where the soft parts

are retained, not glussy, nearly smooth. Whorls 33, separated by

impressed sutures, the last half more rapidly descending; last whorl

well rounded throughout. Aperture oblique, broadly ovate, angular

above; outer lip thin, inner lip concave below, slightly expanded,

196 THE NAUTILUS.

moderately calloused; adnate portion above very short, somewhat cal-

loused. Operculum light red, composed of about 3 slowly increasing

whorls, the nucleus sunken. Alt. 2.7, diam. 2.8, longest axis of aper-

ture 1.5 mm.

Ash Meadows, Nye Co., Nevada.

Like F. fusca in color, and at first referred to that species as a

stunted local form by Dr. R, E. C. Stearns and myself (see N, A.

Fauna No. 7, 1893, p. 282); but on renewed examination it was

noticed that the operculum is very different from that or other known

members of the genus, in having the latter part of the last whorl far

narrower, the spiral portion consequently larger, and the nucleus

nearer the middle. It differs from F. merriami Pils. in the calloused

inner lip, among other features; and the different operculum and pale

translucent tint of the shell readily separate it from ‘“ Amnicola” tur-

biniformis, ‘* Amnicola”’ dalli, and other small varieties ot Fluminicola

seminalis Hinds. The red color of the operculum seems to be constant,

and the size varies but little in the large series collected.

Pomatiopsis californica, n. sp.

Shell turrited-conic, umbilicate, rather thin, chestnut-brown. Sur-

face somewhat shining, with slight, irregular growth wrinkles and

more conspicuous wrinkles or incipient epidermal lamelle at

unequal intervals, especially on the upper portion. Spire conic,

the apex slightly obtuse, glossy, generally eroded in adult

shells. Whorls 53, extremely convex, separated by deep sutures,

the last whorl short and convex. Aperture vertical, ovate, scarcely

angular above; peristome continuous, the inner margin less convex

than the outer, nearly straight where it is in contact with the pre-

ceding whorl for a short distance posteriorly; edge simple, the col-

mellar margin a trifle expanded above the umbilicus. Alt. 5, diam.

3.3, longer axis of aperture 2.14 mm.

sau Francisco, California (R. E. C. Stearns); Oakland (Beecher

)

Two lots of this species are before me from “San Francisco,” one

received from Dr. R. E. C. Stearns, the collector of the other un-

known. Another lot (Beecher collection) is from Oakland, collector

also unknown. Ali were labelled “ P. intermedia Tryon.”

P. californica resembles the Eastern P. lapidaria and P. hinkleyt

in color, texture and general appearance. It differs from P. lapidaria

in being conspicuously wider, less turrited, more Amnzcola-shaped.

From P. hinkleyi, described from Alabama (NAuTILUS X, 37, Aug.

THE NAUTILUS. hiA76

1596), it differs in being rougher, and of chestnut rather than of

olive-brown color; but the contour is nearly the same. P. Cincinnati-

ensis Lea is paler in color, with shorter, more neariy circular aperture,

and different texture. The true Bythinella intermedia of Tryon is a

wholly different thing.

Thirty-eight specimens examined. Types from the locality and col-

lector first mentioned above. The denticle formula is a » 9, 6, 6.

Since the above was written, additional specimens from San Fran-

cisco have been received from Mr. W. J. Raymond. They agree in

all respects with the types.

—_— >

ON A NEW SPECIES OF DRILLIA FROM CALIFORNIA.

BY WM. H. DALL.

Drillia empyrosia, n. sp.

Shell solid, with a high acute spire and polished surface ; color yel-

lowish with a burnt sienna brown tint on the later whorls, a paler

peripheral band develops white patches where it crosses the ribs ;

transverse sculpture of (about 11) slightly oblique somewhat flexuous

ribs, obsolete below the periphery and upon the anal fasciole, sharpest

on the earlier whorls; Spiral sculpture of coarse, sometimes nearly

obsolete threads, most obvious below the periphery; whorls nine, the

nucleus lost in the specimen ; aperture short, wide, with a deep wide

notch leaving a wide fasciole, a callous lump above the notch on the

body, and a rather strong whitish callus, externally brown-edged, on

the pillar; siphonai notch wide with a marked fasciole, the canal

slightly recurved: Lon. of shell 31, of last whorl 16; of aperture 10,

max. diam. 10 mm.

Found in deep water off San Pedro, Cala., by Mr. and Mrs. T. S.

Oldroyd.

This species resembles D. unimaculata Sowerby: but is smaller,

with a different coloration, with less nodular and more oblique ribs,

and more slender form. Though not the largest, it is perhaps the

most elegant Pleurotomoid of alta California.

NEW PUPIDAE.

BY DR. V. STERKI.

BIFIDARIA QUADRIDENTATA, n. sp. Shell narrowly perforate-rimate,

conical-turriculate, with the apex somewhat obtuse; colorless glassy ;

128 THE NAUTILUS.

surface very slightly striated, shining ; whorls six, gradually increasing,

with the suture rather deep between the upper, less so between the

lower whorls; the last whorl moderately ascending at the aperture,

rather rounded at the base, slightly expanded near the aperture, with

an impression over the inferior palatal fold; aperture rather oval,

truncated above, margins well everted, the palatal somewhat more

curved than the columellar, the two connected by a thin callus;

lamellae and folds four, subequal; angulo-parietal appearing almost

simple, inclined toward the columella; columellar horizontal, rather

short and strong, palatals rather short and stout, in normal position,

the inferior somewhat larger and more remote from the margin ; size:

alt. 2.4 to 2.8, diam. 13; apert. alt. 1.0 mm.

Hab.: Capitan Mts., Lincoln Co., New Mexico. Over a hundred

good, fresh specimens were collected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun.

In size, shape and color, our species has much resemblance to

Bif. contracta Say, but the aperture, with its lamella and folds, is

very different, as is at once apparent from the description. Bif.

quadridentata rather ranges with Bif. pilsbryana, which, however

is very much smaller, usually has a basal lamella and whose angulo-

parietal shows hardly its being complex.

Bir. HORDEACELLA Pils. var. PARVIDENS, n. Quite small, apex more

acute than in typical examples, and outline more obovoid ; peristome

rather abruptly but narrowy everted; lamellz and folds small, es.

pecially so the upper palatal, often being a mere trace; basal absent

or very small; color pale horn; alt. 1.5 to2 mm. Jerome, Arizona,

a good number of specimens, collected by Rev. EK. H. Ashmum,

Pupa (PuPILLA) SONORANA, n. sp. Shell perforate-rimate, cylin-

drical, apex obtuse, rounded; color brownish horn; surface finely

striated-rugulose, more coarsely so near the aperture ; whorls 63, grad-

ually increasing; suture rather deep; the iast whorl comparatively

small, compressed in its inferior part, the base narrow, almost keeled ;

near the aperture a high, sharp bulging filled with a strong whitish

callus, shining through the shell ; a narrow, deep constriction in front

of it, and an impression over the palatal fold; aperture rather small ;

margins abruptly but rather narrowly everted; lameilze and folds 3,

white; parietal rather deep seated, long, spiral; columellar perpen-

dicular (along the columella), lamellar; palatal (the inferior) rather

strovg, often with a thread-like prolongation inward. Size: alt. 2.0,

diam. 1.3. ;

THE NAUTILUS. 129

Hab.: White Oaks, Mescale, Gilmores, New Mexico, and of one lot

the origin is unknown, (very probably New Mexico or Arizona) col-

Jected by Rev. E. H. Ashmun.

Var. TENELLA, n. Shell rather oblong or ovoid; the bulging in

the palate less high, and only witha slight callus inside. Most speci-

mens are less high than the types (2.3 to 2.6).

Capitan Mts., New Mexico, Mr. Ashmun, a dozen specimens.

This Pupilla is distinct from all our American forms ; but it stands

very near P. triplicatu, Studer, of Europe, and may prove to be dis-

tinct only asa var. It is smaller than P. blandi, the last whorl is

more compressed below, and the granular surface, the long parietal,

and the perpendicular, elongated, lamelliform columellar lamella, are

other distinguishing features.

Sin alii

IN MEMORIAM—EDWARD W. ROPER.

Kdward Warren Roper was born in Revere, Mass., October 12,

1858. When he was three years old his mother died, and he was

taken into the family of her sister, Mrs. Benj. F. Perry, where he

grew up to manhood. When six years of age his uncle and aunt re-

moved toa farm in Lynnfield, Mass. This farm was his home until

the age of fifteen.

The creatures of the woods and fields were his favorite companions.

He was especially interested at this time in birds and wild flowers.

An essay on ‘‘The Nesting Habits of Birds,’ won him a prize while

in High School, and led to his early recommendation for membership

in the Boston Society of Natural History.

The family having removed to Revere, Edward’s education was

finished in the Chelsea High School, from which he graduated in

June, 1877. The treasures of the sea, shore and marsh had begun to

interest him, and he now determined to concentrate his scientific

efforts on conchology.

Three years after leaving school Mr. Roper became employed in

newspaper work, which he followed for eleven years, editing the

‘Revere Journal,” and afterwards a paper in Somerville, ‘‘ The

Truth,” and for several years the “ Chelsea Record.”

In December, 18938, he suffered asevere attack of grippe. As soon

as he was able he went to Jamaica for the remainder of the winter,

and returned apparently fully recovered.

130 THE NAUTILUS.

In October, 1894, he married Miss Flora G. Allison, of Dublin,

N. H.

The following winter brought a return of the former illness, and

again he went to Jamaica, accompanied by his wife. They spent four

months on the island ard collected and brought home a large number

of land shells and ferns.

The spring and summer of 1895 Mr. Roper spent in putting his af-

fairs in order preparatory to becoming a permanent exile from New

England.

The next year was spent in Colorado Springs. Mr. Roper was oe-

eupied a great part of the year in arranging and cataloguing his

special collection. And here a daughter was born in March, 1846.

In September, 1896, Mr Roper and family went to California,

going first to Pasadena, a year later to Long Beach, and last July to

San Diego.

Mr. Roper’s health never really improved, but he was able most of

the time to do some collecting, Even Southern California is not free

from grippe, and in the early part of October Mr. Roper had an

attack from which he could not recover. In November he was some-

what better and made several trips to the beach. As late as November

27th he was driven with his family to La Playa and spent the day on

the shore. He usually succeeded in finding a choicer shell than any

of the rest of the party.

About the middle of December his health began to fail quite

rapidly. His indomitable energy kept “him from giving up, and he

was confined to his bed only one day. The end came on the last day,

of the year 1892.

Mr. Roper’s collection of about 3000 species, including his special

collection of Cyrenidz, becomes the property of the Boston Society of

Natural History.

Mr. Roper was well known to conehologists through his papers in

Tue Nauritus. His articles were always of the greatest interest,

including such subjects as: ‘‘ Collecting Land Shells in Southern

California,” “In a Maine Conchologist’s hunting ground,’’ “ Collect-

ing at Eastport, Maine,”’ “ Pleurodonte Brainbridgeiand other Jamaican

Shells,” ete., ete. Later Mr. Roper made a special study of the Sphzeria

and Pisidia, and contributed the following articles on the subject:

‘* Notes on Sphzerium secure Prime,’ “A new American Pisidium,”’

(P. idahoense) Vol. iv, page 85, December, 1890. ‘‘ Notes on the

99 66

THE NAUTILUS. 131

Washington Spheeria and Pisidia with Description of New Species,”

_ (P. randolphit) Vol. ix, page 97, January, 1896. “A Word About

Spheeria.”

The species Polygyra Ropert and Fusus Roperi, were discovered

by Mr. Roper and named in his honor. The latter is type of Roperia

a new section of Fusus.

—__~<ee——__—_—_

ANOTHER NEW SNAIL FROM NEW MEXICO.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.

Ashmanells pseudodonta (Dal.) subsp. ecapitanensis Ashmun & Cockerell, n

suDSp.

Shell depressed, shining, dark horn color or even reddish; the

usual strize distinct but not sharp; spiral impressed lines visible

with a lens; whorls 514 rounded; aperture oblique, semi-lunar;

lip expanded, broad, reflected, strongly tinged wath pinkish or coffee

color, edentulous, except thatthe basal part bears within a distinct but

slight callus, which is more or less livid; parietal denticle either ru-

dimentary or distinct, but never large; umbilicus broad, exposed,

broadly exposing the penultimate whorl. Diam., max. 17 to 18% ;

min., 1444 10 15; alt., 8 to .o mm.

Habitat; Near Baldonado Springs, Capitan Mts., Lincoln Co.,

New Mexico, alt. 8,200 fret. (E. H. Ashmun.)

This is to pseudodonta practically as chiricahuana is to ashmunt.

———_>+ 2 > ___

GENERAL NOTES.

STATION OF LiMN#&aA GRACcILIS —By a curious blunder. Reed's

Lake was said to be near Detroit instead of Grand Rapids, Mich.,

in the February NavtiLus, page 1109. i

Canon A. M. Norman, in the ‘‘Annals and Magazine of

Natural History,’’ for January, 1899 (page 79), gives an interest-

ing account of two recent specimens of the gigantic Madeiran

Helix Lowei Fer. This species, which attains a diameter of up-

wards of 2 inches, is not uncommon in the calcareous beds of Porto

Santo, but only two recent specimens are known: one collected by

Sr. J. M. Moniz some years ago, the other recently acquired by

Canon Norman, formerly in the collection of the late Baron von

Maltzan.

_CONULUS CHERSINUS var. DENTATUS.—The toothed form of

Conulus was first noticed by Mr. W. G. Binney (Man. Amer. Land

Shells, p. 69). A note on the dentition of Conulus by Dr. V.

Sterki will be found in Nautitus VI, p. 10v.

132 THE NAUTILUS.

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

{Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter of the .

Agassiz Association by its General Secretary, Dr. W. S. Strode. |

CARING FOR SHELLS.

{Extract from the reportof Prof. Josiah Keep. From the Transactions of the

Isaac Lea Conchological Chapter for 1898.]

During the past year the time that I have been able to give to

conchology has chiefly been spent upon my cabinetof shells. There

is one enemy that is ever present, namely, dust; and my work has

largely been in the line of erecting fortifications to repel its intrusion.

Shells will get dusty in the best kept houses, and labels are liable to

be lost or grow dim. So now it is my practice to put all my small

shells into some dust-tight receptacle and to put the labels with them

or else secure them firmly upon the outside of the box. The cost of

suitable boxes and vials has been an obstacle in the past; but that

has been now largely overcome, and I can do no greater service

to ‘‘ Isaac Lea’’ comrades, than to suggest one means at least of

securing the desired end.

In past years I have used homeopathic vials for the smallest

shells, and one or two-ounce, wide-mouthed bottles for the larger

oncs ; but neither of these were very satisfactory. The homceo. vial

has too small a mouth, and the bottles were coarse and clumsy.

Last Summer I purchased a quantity ot ‘‘ seal shell vials,’’ which are

merely short pieces of glass tubing, sedled at one end and ready to

receive a cork at the other. These vials I obtained from Whitall,

Tatum & Co., 410 Race street, Philadelphia. I bought three gross,

of different sizes, the smallest being about % inch in diameter and

134 inches in length ; the largest is 34 inch diameter and 214 inches

long. The cost, with corks, was only about one cent on an average.

For my very small shells I use short 4% dr. homceo. vials.

The shells are safely coiked in these vials, with the label inside,

where they may defy the old enemy, dust; and a little wiping of

the tubes will make them appear as good as new at any future time.

But these vials will not answer for flat shells, like limpets or small

pectens. So, for these, I bought, of the same firm, a quantity of

turned wooden boxes, 1% ounce, . ounce and 2 ounces, phoenix pat-

ern. They cost even less than the vials, and are very convenient for

many purposes.

After filling a box, I paste a label on the top of the cover. I use

Dennison’s lapels, Nos. 204, 208 and 212. They are very inex-

pensive and convenient.

MILLS COLLEGE, CAL... Jan. 4, 1899,

‘THe NAUTILUS.

VoL. XII. APRIL, 1899. No. 12.

ON A RECENT COLLECTION OF PENNSYLVANIAN MOLLUSKS FROM THE

OHIO RIVER SYSTEM BELOW PITTSBURG.

BY SAMUEL N. RHOADS.

Owing to the steady extermination of the molluscan life of the Ohio

river in western Pennsylvania, due to the pollution and damming of

the waters of that river and of the Monongahela, and to a smaller extent

of the Allegheny river, any information relating to the species still

existing in these: waters must be quickly put on record to be pre-

served. It is the aim of this paper to give a list, briefly annotated,

of the fresh water species recently collected by the writer in the vicin-

ity of Pittsburg. While the time devoted to this collection was lim-

ited to less than a week’s work, and the number of species taken do

not duplicate all those hitherto secured by local collectors in that re-

gion, it seems desirable to publish, if only to inspire others more fa-

vorably situated than myself to record their knowledge in this line be-

fore it is too late. Indeed, it is remarkable, when we consider the

amount of molluscan research carried on by the conchologists of Penn-

sylvania that as yet nothing in the nature of a faunal list of the aquatic

mollusca of western Pennsylvania has ‘yet appeared.* Before giving

the list it is proper to enumerate some of the agencies which are surely

accomplishing the extinction of so much of the fluviatile life of the

Ohio river and its tributaries. Above the city of Pittsburg the Mo-

nongahela is bordered for the greater part of its navigable length with

factories, furnaces, refineries, mines, and oil and gas wells, whose

refuse products are continually draining into the river. The sewage

of the towns on this river is also a factor in its pollution. Great as

this pollution may appear, it is not likely that it would cause the death

*Some Unionide from the Allegheny river in Warren county, Pennsylva-

nia, were listed by W. B. Marshallin Bulletin of the New York State Museum,

Voll, but as no localities are given in the list it is impossible to determine

whatspecies were taken in Pennsylvania and what in New York.

1354 THE NAUTILUS.

of many mussels and fish, which now no longer exist in the lower half of

the Monongahela, if the waters had their free course ; but the damming

of the river has so concentrated this sewage during low water that the

imprisoned animals have no relief from the free flow of the current nor

means of escape from the limits of the dammed area. The Mononga-

hela is said to be now dammed for purposes of navigation throughout

its entire length in Pennsylvania and for some distance farther into

West Virginia. Old rivermen told me that it was useless to try and

get live mussels below Cheat river, though only a year since, asmall col

lection of uniones from the Monongahela near Charleroi, Washington

county, was made for the Carnegie Museum. It is noteworthy, how-

ever, that most, if not all, of these were ‘“‘ dead” shells. At MeKees-

port, the junction city of the Monongahela and Youghiogheny rivers, I

was unable to find any evidences of molluscan life in the waters of

either river, nor were any dead shells to be found on the mud banks

and shoals exposed by the very low stage of water then prevailing. A

boatman stated that there was little hope of finding any live mussels

below Connellsville on the Youghiogheny.* A similar condition exists

in the Allegheny river above Pittsburg, as far asmy search extended

a few miles above Sharpsburg, ouly dead shells of the larger uniones

being found where three years since a member of the High School

Naturalists’ Club of Pittsburg told me he had secured the living animals-

The same remarks apply to Chartier’s creek within the city limits and

flowing into the Ohio river at McKees rocks, just above the Davis Island

dam. A few dead shells of U. /igamentinus were picked up in the bed

of this creek. Following the instructions of Mr George H. Clapp, of

Edgeworth, Allegheny county, Pa., who kindly gave me the full benefit

of his intimate knowledge of the Ohio river between his home and Pitts-

burg, I searched for water mollusca at the lower end of Neville Island

opposite Coraopolis, but without success, only a few cast-up shells of

ligamentinus and crassidens being noted. Just as I had given up the

search and was wuting fora trolley car on the bridge above Coraopolis,

connecting the city with Neville Island, [ espied some live uniones in the

shallow running water of the ‘back river” which flows beneath the

*This is, no doubt, largely due to the immense volume of ** mine water’? now

discharged into the river. This ‘* mine water” is heavily charged with sulphurie¢

acid, due to the leaching out of the sulphate of iron in the coal measures. At

times of excessively low water the percentage of free acid in the water is so high

that works along the banks of the Youghiogheny and Monongahela rivers as far

down as Pittsburg have been forced to suspend operations, due to the eating out

of the steam boilers, and the railroads which use this water in their engines, for

lack of a better supply, have spent large sums of money in putting up treating

tanks in which to neutralize the acid before pumping into the boilers.—G,. H, C.

THE NAUTILUS. 135

bridge at that point. Here, and for a distance of two and a half miles

above it, the small stream, to which the ‘‘back river ’’ dwindles at ex-

treme low water on the south side of Neville Island below the wing

dam, is more or less thickly populated with living uniones. This stream

is supplied almost wholly by fresh water springs rising along its

bottom. From the absence of live mollusks in any part of the main

river and other parts of the “back river” where these fresh springs

exert no influence, it is just to conclude that to these alone is due the

existence of the only living uniones which I was able to locate in

Allegheny county. A special collecting trip for mussels was taken

to Beaver, Beaver county, search being made in the Ohio river at the

junction of Beaver river, and at several points below Beaver to the

mouth of Raccoon creek and up that creek two miles. Living shells

were very scarce anywhere along this route, most of them being taken

where the less polluted waters of the Beaver joined those of the Ohio.

Below this, along the bed of the Ohio, nearly all the uniones found were

dead or dying, a condition of affairs which the ferryman at Vanport told

me had come to pass largely in the last two years. The subjoined list will

also contain an enumeration of the species found during a day’s hunt

in the Beaver river below Wampum, in the southern border of Law-

rence county, about fifteeen miles north of Beaver. The conditions

obtaining among the water mollusca in that locality are probably

normal.

Mr. Clapp has kindly consented to read the manuscript of this paper

and make such annotations as may be Sf special interest. To such

notes his initials areappended. In the Mentification of this collection

the author was accorded every facility afforded by the collection of

uniones in the Carnegie Museum, identified by Mr. Simpson and by

the historic collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences, where the

final determinations were made. To Dr. W. J. Holland, of the

former, and Prof. Henry A. Pilsbry, of the latter, [ am especially in-

debted for services rendered in this connection. For sake of conven-

ience in reference the nomenclature of Lea’s Synopsis (1870) is

adopted for the Uniones; and the sequence of the genera and species

of Unionide is alphabetic.

Annotated List of Species.

Family Unronrpar.

Anodonta edentula Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 16; Beaver, 1 :

Beaver R., 14.

136 THE NAUTILUS.

Anodonta gracilis Lea. Ohio R., Beaver, 9; Coraopolis, 9.

Anodonta marginata Say. Ohio R, Coraopolis, 4; Beaver R.,

Wampum, 100.

Margaritana rugosa Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 5; Beaver, 1; Bea-

ver R., Wampum, 6.

Unio aesopus Green. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3; Beaver R.. Wam-

pum, l.

Unio alatus Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 14; Beaver, 1.

Unio coccineus (Hild) Lea. Beaver R., Wampum, 7.

Unio cooperianus Lea. Ohio R., Beaver, 1; Corapolis, 4.

Unio cornutus Bar. Ohio R., Beaver, lL; Corapolis, 1.

Unio cylindricus Say. Ohio R., Corapolis, 1; Beaver, 1; Beaver,

R., Wampum, 2.

Unio crassidens Lam. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 40; Beaver, 3.

Unio donaciformis Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 2. The larger speci-

men is 66 mm. long.

Unio elegans Lea. Ohio K., Coraopolis, 3. These specimens out-

wardly appear like rubiainosus from the same locality, in this respect

being much more elongated and less sharply carinated than the typical

elegans.

Unio gibbosus Bar. Ohio K., Coraopolis, 41; Beaver, 9; Beaver

R., Wampum, 28.

Unio irroratus Lea. Ohio R., Beaver, 1.

Unio kirtlandianus Lea. Beaver R., Wampum, 150.

Unio lens Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3; Beaver R., Wampum, 25.

Unio ligamentinus Lam. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 100*; Beaver, 20;

Beaver R., Wampum, 70. In the Ohio this was the most abundant

mollusk, exceeding in numbers all the other Unios put together.

Unio luteolus Lam. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 16; Beaver R., Wampum,

18.

Unio metanever Raf. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 12; Beaver, 5.

Unio multiradiatus Lea. Beaver R., Wampum, 14.

Unio obliquus Lam. (U. subrotundus and varicosus Lea.) Ohio

R., Coraopolis, $1; Beaver, 8. Forty adult specimens of the ob/iquus

type presents so many gradations corresponding on either hand to sub-

rotundus and varicosus in the series at the Academy of Natural

Sciences named and presented by Isaac Lea, that I am obliged to lump

them as above. There is also a complication regarding the appli-

cability of the name mytiloides Raf., to some of these. It is probable

THE NAUTILUS. 137

that my series represents two species, but the task of separating them

must be left to a specialist.

Unio ovatus Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 29; Beaver, 1 ; Beaver R.,

Wampum, 3.

Unio parvus Bar. Beaver R., Wampum, 1.

Unio phaseolus Hild. Beaver R., Wampum, 37.

Unio pilaris Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 1.

Unio plicatus Lesueur. Ohio R., Beaver, 1; Beaver R., Wam-

pum, 10. A more careful examination may show some of these to be

undulatus. The distinction between these two species as identified

in the Academy collection is not correlated by constant differences.

Unio pressus Lea. Beaver R., Wampum, 3.

Unio pustulosus Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 1; Beaver R., Wam-

pum, 8. ;

Unio rectus Lam. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 4; Beaver, 5.

Unio rubiginosus Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 5.

Unio securis Lea. Ohio K., Coraopolis, 1.

Unio triangularis Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 17; Beaver, 10 ;

Beaver R., Wampum, 15.

Unio trigonus Lea. Ohio R., Coraopolis,5. These specimens are

so young that their identification is not satisfactory.

Unio tuberculatus Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 1; Beaver, Ris

Wampum, 2.

Unio verrucosus Bar. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 2; Beaver, | ; Bea-

ver R., Wampum, 2.

Family CYRENID&.

Sphaerium stamineum Conr. Ohio R,, Coraopolis, 20; Raccoon

Creek, Beaver Co., 4.

Sphaerium striatinum Lam. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 15; Raccoon

Creek, Beaver Co., 3; Beaver R., Wampum, 2.

Family PLEUROCERID®.

Goniobasis depygis (Say). Ohio R., Coraopolis, 150; Beaver,

10; Beaver R., Wampum, 60 ; ;

Fleurocera canaliculatum Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 50; Beaver,

16.

Family VIVIPARIDA.

Campeloma subsolidum (Auth). Beaver R., Wampum, 20.

Family Paysip a.

Physa heterostropha Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 3; Beaver, 20 ;

Allegheny R., 6m. Isl., Pittsburgh, 60; Beaver R., Wampum, 27.

138 TYE NAUTILUS.

Physa integra Hald. Ohio R., Coravpolis, 1; Beaver, 6,

Family LIMN 2ID&.

Limnaea columella Say. Shenley Park, Pittsburgh, 20; Ohio

R., Beaver, |.

Planorbis trivolvis Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 15.

‘ Planorbis bicarinatus Say. Ohio R., Coraopolis, 20.

Family ANCYLID&.

Ancylus diaphanus Hald. Near mouth of Raccoon Creek, 20;

Allegheny R., 6 m. Isl., Pittsburgh, 50.

Ancylus rivularis Say. Beaver R., Wampum, 6; Raccoon Creek,

Beaver Co., 3.

—___+ #» +___

A NEW FTERONOTUS FROM CALIFORNIA.

BY W. H. DALL.”

Pteronotus Carpenteri, n. sp.

Shell trialate, reddish brown, with obscure spiral lines of darker

brown, the aperture whitish with a darker throat; nucleus brownish,

whorls about eight, the last much the largest; suture distinet, ap-

pressed, intervarical surface smooth or obscurely spirally striate, the

apical whorls with reticulate threading ; the last two or three whorls

with a single obscure nodulosity on the periphery between the var-

ices; varices continuous up the spire; posterior face of the varices

smooth with obscure radial ridges which slightly crenulate the margin,

in adolescent shells; but in full grown ones there are zbout five rather

wide, low radial ridges, each of which terminates in a digitation of the

margin; anterior face of the varices with profuse, close-set crenulate

imbrications, which in fully grown shells show radial depressions cor-

responding to the ridges on the back of the varix; digitations exca-

vated in a shallow manner anteriorly, terminating in somewhat blunt

projections, thin and sharp edged; aperture small, oval, with a con-

tinuous, raised, smooth margin without denticulations; canal closed,

moderately wide, bent to the right in front, a disused smaller canal

bordering its posterior two-thirds on the jeft. Length of shell 57,

of last whorl from the suture, 42; width including varices, 55; width

of aperture, 9.5; length of aperture, 13 mm.

Monterey, Cala., F. L. Button ; at station 2908, off Pt Conception,

Cala., in 31 fms., sand, U. S. Fish Com.; and at the Farralone islands,

Cala., J.S. Arnheim. This shell recalls P. macropterus Desh.. of the

Antilles, and like it belongs to che section Pteropurpura Jouss. Young

specimens are more pointed, and with narrower, less digitate varices,

THE NAUTILUS. 139

than the adults. A specimen without locality, but probably from

Monterey, was in the collection of Mr. F. Button, now belonging to

his son, F. L. Button.

HOW UNIONES EMIGRATE.

BY LORRAINE S. FRIERSON.

In the June number of Naurrius, 1891, is an article by Mr. C. T.

Simpson. on ‘The Means of Distribution of Unionidz in the South-

eastern United States,” in which he says that he had often found U-

obesus Lea in dry places, where for nine months of the year they

must have been in a dormant cunditiun.

This Unio, which is no doubt a variety of U. declivis, U. symmet-

ricus, ete., is one that can stand such changes. I[ have obtained them

in places where they must have spent half of their lives in such a dor-

mant condition. On the other hand, some Anodontas and Margari-

tana confragosa Say are so intolerant of heat that they are frequently

killed by the sun’s rays while yet in water six inches deep. For the

spread of these species of Unionidz some other means than those which

would suffice for U. obesus must be employed. Should it be shown

that embryonic unios become encysted in fish, of course the problem

would be solved in large part. There is, however, a method em-

ployed in nature which I have not seen mentioned, and which is to

my mind a complete solution of the problem. Did any of my fellow

Unio ‘‘cranks’’ ever catch Unio during the winter months by means

of a long slender switch ? You go to a bed of mussels in clear water,

and standing on the shore you gently poke the end of your switch

into the gaping shell of the unsuspecting unio. As soon as it feels the

stick it closes the shell tightly on it; then you gently pull the mussel

out and put it in your game bag.

Now suppose that this mollusk was an impregnated female, and that

instead of a switch it was a wild duck’s toe, which was accidentally

caught between the valves. What would happen? Why, that the

duck would fly out of the Black Warrior river in Alabama, and finally

alight in Lake Kissimee, Florida, and by this time either the unio

would let go or the duck’s toe be cut off; and presto, a whole colony

of unios is established. This is no fancy, but an observed fact, that is,

so far as the transportation of unios is concerned.

T wice I have killed wild ducks with unios attached to their toes,

140 THE NAUTILUS.

and have seen what I believed to be unios hanging from the feet v1

others flying overhead. What has come under my individual obser-

vation fwice must have happened thousands of times. How else could

Unionide from the Mississippi drainage get into Florida ?

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW AMEBICAN LAND SHELLS.

BY HENRY A. PILSBRY.

Gastrodonta coelaxis, n. sp.

Shell rather widely umbilicate, the width of umbilicus contained 6 to

6% times in the greatest diameter of the shell; thin, somewhat fragile,

yellow-corneous, sub transparent, the last suture readily visible through

the base; much depressed, the periphery subangular, upper surface

convex ; surface glossy, sculptured with irregular wrinkles in the di-

rection of growth lines above, almost smooth beneath, and in favorable

lights showing subobsolete spiral striz. Whorls 63, slowly widening

a little convex, the last moderately convex below. Aperture oblique

irregularly lunar, deeply excised by the preceding whorl, not calloused

inside, two-toothed a short distance within; one thin and rather short

lamella projecting from the lower part of the outer wall, and another

smaller one from the middle of the baso-columellar wall; both some-

times wanting; pristome thin and sharp, the outer margin well

rounded, baso-columellar margin straightened. Umbilicus well-like,

but widening at the opening and showing the penultimate whorl. Alt,

3, diam. 6 to 62 mm.

Cranberry, North Carolina (Mrs. George Andrews).

This species adds another to the long series of mountain snails dis-

covered by Mrs. Andrews, whose success in finding new and rare

species has been remarkable. Future students of the snails of this

“Cumberland” mountain region will always gratefully remember two

ladies who have done much of the pioneer work—Mrs. ANDREWS

and Miss Law.

G. coelaxis is intermediate between G. gularis (Say) and G. las-

modon (Phill). It is more widely umbilicate than the former and has

a narrower umbilicus than the latter species. There is no callus

within the basal lip, such as shows a yellowish blotch in most speci-

mens of gularis.

This species is perhaps what Mr. Binney identified as Zonites ma-

cilenta Shuttl. in First Supplement to Terr. Moil. V, p. 143, but is

not the macilenta ot Shuttleworth, which is an absolute synonym of

THE NAUTILUS. 141

G. lasmodon Phill. That so good a conchologist as Shuttleworth

should have described a known species is readily explicable in this

ease; “ H. lasmodon” having been described but a short time before

in the proceedings of a society probably not in Shuttleworth’s posses-

sion, it had not been figured and was not contained in any general work

on the shells of America. However this may be, so good a diagnosti-

cian as Shuttleworth could have used the words, “‘/ate et perspective

umbilicata’”’ of no other species of the region, and the rest of the de-

scription,* as well as the comparison with Patula, agrees excellently

with /asmodon. This conclusion will remove macdlenta from the list

of valid species and place it under /asmodon as a synonym.

The gularis group of Gastrodonta is a peculiarly perpiexing one.

Both gularis and cuspidata were originally described as imperforate ;

but both have perforate forms also. G. gularis was described from Ohio,

and I wiil be most grateful to anyone who has Ohio specimens, for a

few. Shell out, brethren! Mr. Vanatta, who has recently overhauled

the series in the Acid2my collection, informs m2 that he finds great diffi-

culty in separating G. collisella from gularis, and it seems likely that

that form should be ranked as a variety of gularés rather than a dis-

tinct species. He finds, too, that there isa narrowly umbilicated var-

iety (already noticed by Binney) and another with notably excavated

base, consequently straight baso-columellar lip, and more or less defi-

cient internal teeth. This was named by Mr. A. D. Brown in his

collection (now in coll. A. N.S. P.); but pending a thorough exam-

ination of the gu/aris group, it is scarcely fair to worry a long-suf-

fering generation of conchologists with any names for these local races.

The genitalia of the various forms should be examined.

Polygyra postelliana subclausa, n. v.

Differs from P. postelliana in the greater development of all the

oral obstructions. The parietal process enters more deeply ; the upper

lip-tooth is more deeply placed, more strongly hooked than usual in

the typical form, and the apertural orifice decidedly narrower through-

out, shaped like an interrogation mark (?) without the terminal dot.

Surface regularly rib-striate, below as well as above. Whuorls 53 to 6.

Alt. 5.7, greatest diam. 10 mn. Alt. 5, greatest diam. 9 mm.

Bauldingsville; Baldwin, Baker county, and Imri, Hamilton county,

Florida.

A smaller form of this variety, smoother below, occurring in Volu-

* A slightly inaccurate translation is given by Binney in Manual of Ameri-

can Land Shells, p. 227.

142 THE NAUTILUS.

sia county, Florida, differs as follows: Aperture similar to the preced-

ing, but anterior outline of the parietal wall more elevated, straighter,

less excavated in front of the parietal fold. Surface almost or quite

free from rib-striate below. Whorls 43 to 5, Alt. 4, greatest diam.

72mm. Alt. 33, greatest diam. 64 mm.

Typical P. postelliana occurs in Glynn and Wayne counties, Georgia,

and South Carolina. I have not seen it from Florida.

——_—__49———___—_

ISAAC LEA DEPARTMENT.

{Conducted in the interest of the Isaac Lea Conchological et of the

Agassiz Association, by its General Secretary, Dr. W.S. Strode. |

SHELLS OF LAKE WORTH, FLORIDA.

{Extract from the report of J. J. White. From the Transactions of the Isaac

Lea Conchological Chapter for 1898. ]

Having had occasion to visit the soldiers stationed at Miami, in July

last, [ could not let such an opportunity pass without profiting by

it. Heavy rains kept me within doors the greater part of the time.

When dry enough I was out in the woods skirting the town and was

amply repaid by finding large quantities of the beautiful Liguus fas-

ciatus Brug. These I found on trees, sometimes as high as twenty

feet from the ground. I had to procure a long pole to detach them

from trees, catching them in my hands, so as to prevent them from

breaking by falling on the rocks and roots of trees. I soon found that

I must have a safer way to collect them; so I made a little basket of

twigs and bark, and attached it to the end of my pole, and found it to

work admirably. I soon collected all I thought I would need. While

sitting in the car, waiting for the train to start for Palm Beach, I

counted twenty-seven on the trees close by the station.

During my stay of five weeks at Palm Beach and Lake Worth I

made a number of trips up to the new and old Lake Worth inlets,

which have been my favorite collecting grounds in years past. Finer

collecting grounds would be difficult to find on the Atlaniic coast, and

those who visit them always come away well repaid. Lake Worth is

about the northern limit for the Strombus, except S. pugilis, which is

sometimes found further northward. While stopping with W. K.

Spencer, of Lake Worth, he helped me make a water glass, which was

a great help in collecting. We took a small butter tub, and, after

taking out the bottom, we cut a sheet of window glass to fit in its place

THE NAUTILUS. 143

and cemented it with beeswax, and it was a great benefit to me during

my visits to the inlets. Inside the inlets there are vast sand flats,

which are mostly covered at high tide and exposed at low tides.

When the flats were exposed at low tides we found a great many

fine shells, such as Zugelus gibbus, Fulgur pyrum, Natica livida,

Sigaretus perspectivus, Neverita duplicata, Cardium magnum,

C. isocardia, Lucina tigerina, L. divaricata, L. pennsylvanica,

Oliva literata, Venus cribrarea, V. cancellata, Cerithium liter-

atum, C. muscarum, C. minimum, C. floridanum, Neritina vir-

ginia and Nassa vibex. In the shoal waters around the outside of

the flats, on the open bottoms and among the grasses, we waded around,

using the water glass by resting it on the surface of the water, looking

through it. We could then see the bottom and everything on it as

plainly as though there was no water above it. There we found

Strombus gigas, S. pugilis, berculatus and S. accipitrinus

by the hundreds and in all stages of growth, Fasc/olaria distans,

Arca ponderosa, Atrina rigida (‘+ Pinna muricata’’), Dolium galea

and Plicatula ramosa in limited numbers, and one eack of /'ulgur

perversum and Fasciolarza gigantea, each one ten inches in length

At the old inlet, in the shoal waters, I found a great many Bulla

occidentalis, Venus macrodon, Macoma tampaensis, Modiola plt-

catula, Liocardtum mortont and Margtnella apicina. On the

rocks at the mouth of the inlet we collected several hundred Purpura

hemastoma and P. hemastoma var. undata, while everywhere the

rocks were literally covered with Szphonarza lineolata and Littorina

lineata Orb.; but, as [ already had all I wanted of these last, I did

not molest them.

I do not know how many shells I would have collected during my

stay there, but Mrs. White put up a vigorous protest, declaring I had

more than I needed; and, of course, I had to respect her wishes, and

stopped. I, however, came home with a large trunk full of very fine

specimens. By this time, however,I have disposed of the greater part of

them, showing that her judgment about the number of shells needed is

not to be relied on. I believe, as the Means did in “ The Hoosier

Schoolmaster,” “While you are a gittin’, git a plenty.” Acting on

that advice, while collecting Ampullaria caliginosa and Planorbis

trévolvis, in the fresh water ponds back of Rockledge, I gathered at

least half a bushel of the large Ampullaria and hundreds of the Plan -

orbis.

144 THE NAUTILUS.

GENERAL NOTES.

THE DENTATR VARIETY OF Condus was first noticed by William

Doherty in the Quarterly Journal of Conchology (Leeds), I, p. 344, in

1870. He found it at several points near Cincinnati, Ohio, describ-

ing thesheil as follows: ‘‘ The ‘teeth’ are placed as in Z. mudltiden-

tatus Binn., and vary from one slight shapeless roughening of the

inner surface of the outer whorl, to four large elongate teeth, radiat-

ing from the umbilicus like the spokes of a chariot wheel. As is

usual with gastrodont snails, these teeth attain their greatest de-

velopment in the half-grown shell. From the chief locality of this

variety I obtained 39 young fw/vus, of which 18 or nearly half

were more or less dentate, while of 17 adult fulvus from the same

place, one had in the next to the last whorl a single tooth, much

flattened and eroded, while all the others were toothless. Hence I

suppose that the teeth are gradually worn away by the motions of

the animal. In Z. multidentatus, rows of teeth appear at an early

age, and as often as the shell grows a quarter of a whorl a new row

i } roduced, while the earliest is worn away. So the shell grows to

maturity, always having three or four rows of denticles. In this

variety of fulvus, however, this process seems to cease Jong before

the shell reaches maturity and the last whorl is thus left without

teeth.”

POLYGYRA RICHARDSONI. var. LINGUALIS n. var.—Similar to the

type in size (alt. 5-514, diam. 10-1114 mm.), very smooth and

glossy, depressed above and below, though the base is convex, pro-

jecting downward as far as or below the basal lip ; umbilicus filled

by the preceding whorl «xcept for a minute axial puncture ; parietal

fold of the aperture decidedly longer than in 7ichardsont, extend-

ing to within one-half or one-third of a millimeter from the broad

lamina on the outer lip, Whorls 4% (instead of 5). Rosario,

near Mazatlan, N. W. Mexico, collected by M. A. Knapp, received

from W. J. Raymond.—H. A. Pivspry.

PLANORBIS DILATATUS Gould has recently been found by Hon. J.

D. Mitchell in the Guadalupe river, in Victoria Co., Texas. ‘This

is further south and west than previously recorded.

QL Nautilus

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