“Omnes res creatz sunt divine sapientiz et potentie testes, divitia felicitatis

humane :—ex harum usu Jonifas Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini ;

ex economia in conservatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis

elucet. Earum itaque indagatio ab hominibus sibi relictis semper sestimata;

& veré eruditis et sapientibus semper exculta; malé doctis et barbaris semper

inimica fuit.”—Liynavs. !

“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour

voir qu'elle est le chef-d’eeuvre de la Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-

tent toutes ses opérations.”—Bruckngr, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,

1767.

ee ee ed ee wes » The sylvan powers

Obey our summons; from their deepest dells

The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild

And odorous branches at our feet; the Nymphs

That press with nimble step the mountain-thyme

And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,

But scatter round ten thousand forms minute

Of velvet moss or lichen, torn from rock

Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too

Quit their loved native stream, from whose smooth face

They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush

That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,

Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,

The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,

All, all to us unlock their secret stores

And pay their cheerful tribute.

J. Taytor, Norwich, 1818.

CONTENTS OF VOL. VI.

(EIGHTH SERIES. ]

NUMBER 31.

Page

I, Descriptions of Twenty-nine Species of Marine Mollusca from

the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and North Arabian Sea, mostly

collected by Mr. F. W. Townsend, of the Indo-European Telezraph

Service. By James Cosmo ME.LvILt, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S. (Plates

ee ONE AM Ae SEE Os Fi SG ek ea eels Mee whe ee UN ees |e 1

II. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XXX. By T. D. A.

Cocnunrns, University of Colorado enii. ccc. eee Bi eae 17

III. Notes on Amphipoda. By Atrrep O. Waker, F.LS.,

eA iat tte tht horas guts en aol vie ee mh we OER © tivla + « 31

IV. Some new Late Pleistocene Voles and Lemmings. By

BPR MEE OR eC TERE ONT 6 520 a nina Solas) usd <P wai eh vs lea vahiacm hee otk Od 54

V. Microcherus erinaceus (Wood). By C. Forstrr-Cooprr,

M.A., F.Z.8., Trinity College, Cambridge, University Demonstrator

in Animal Morphology. (Plate III.)........... ee a ckemuwld cuits = 39

VI. On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others. By

MEAS MSMR CATR igh, 205-4 555 tik: w, OM win «SIPS Mace nidiy ows 43

VII. Further Additions to the Molluscan Fauna of Central Africa.

eit be Eeesron, H.7.5... (Plates LY) GoVije cece cs dees eases 58

VIII. On a few new Bornean Beetles of the Rutelid Genera

Mimela and Anomala. By GirBerT J. ARROW ............000, 64

IX. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—I. By Rowxanp E,

Ee ere Rue Wi wed heinin'nv Seiki woe bid eve nee avian lee 72

X. Rhynchotal Notes.—LI. By W.L. Distant ............ 77

XI. New Species of Diploptera in the Collection of the British

Museum.—Part II. By Grorrrry Mrapr-Watrpo, B.A. ...... 100

iv CONTENTS.

Page

XII. A new Genus of Fruit-Bats and Two new Shrews from

Africa. By OLDFIELD THOMAS .........ceseesseeeeeeeeeeeees lil

XIII. A new Cavernicolous Cockroach. By R.SHEetrorp, M.A.,

CR a ere het eres ys Yeh SEEEy 114

XIV. Descriptions of new African Moths. By Sir Grones F.

Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &e. ove sicccnccavcsonet pees) senam 116

New Books :—The South African Journal of Science, being the

Organ of the South African Association for the Advancement

of Science. Vol. VI. No. 6.—Catalogue of British Hymeno-

e of the Family Chaleidide. By Cuaupr Mor.ry, F.Z.S.,

et. ee rer reer ys oy Arey Rae eee ee 141, 142

NUMBER 32.

XV. Description of new African Moths. By Sir Grorcr F.

Hampson, Bart; F.2.5.5 Ge. es es OSA ah eek ee 145

XVI. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XXXI. By T. D. A.

CockERsx1, University of Colorado. ..,.i0.62+55++s5-sssweneiae 160

XVII. Descriptions of some new Species of Heterocera from East

and West Africa and Tropical South America. By HErprrr

Devos, PLS) &e) <6. 0s ecteiie. to vt ede ee ee 168

XVII. Mammals from the River Supinaam, Demerara, presented

by Mr. F. V. McConnell to the British Museum. By OLpFreLp

SU ROMEASS © ies ip abso 25a 0 ts tte vo 0 ne 70 oats) n'y in's fo -o'p Ss ew a 184

XIX. Descriptions of new Heterocera from Costa Rica. By

W. Sonaus, PAS. 235555 00./ 0c i aan Vanes es ee 189

XX. Additional Notes on a Collection of Land-Shells from -

Muswar Island, New Guinea. By Ifveu C. Furron............ 211

XXI. On an undescribed Species of Dorcasia. By Hueu C.

BOULTON) scans i os cSt iV espa ates os ess ae ae 212

XXII. Rhynchotal Notes—LI. By W. L. Distant.......... tb

XXIII. Notes on African Rodents. By OLpFreELp Tuomas..,. 221

XXIV. Hornless Okapies. By R. LYDEKKER,............... 224

XXV. Two new African Mammals. By Guy DoLtitmMan

XXVI. Two new Oriental Viverrida. By Ernst Scuwarz.... 2380

CONTENTS. Vv

. Page

XXVII. New Neotropical Geometride. By Louis B. Prout,

7 2 eee eee Me POE RTE COLL ee Gee 232

New Book :—A Natural History of the British Butterflies, their

World-wide Variation and Geographical Distribution. A Text-

book for Students and Collectors. By J. W. Tutt, F.ES.

Oe ET ces on AME OKIE Ki rieid wimels Cc ntlae We nero ee es 247

NUMBER 35.

XXVIII. A Survey of the South-African Stenogyrine, with

Descriptions of several new Species. By M.Connotty. (Plate VI.) 249

XXIX. Descriptions and Records of Bees——XXXII. By T. D. A.

CocKERBLL, University of Colorado .........cccescsceeererees 272

XXX. Bionomical Observations on some British Millipedes. By

oy AU RS ae ene orencrc tit errr rere 284

XXXI. African Gerbils of the Genera Tateraand Tateridlus. By

ME WUHOEGUTON Seas cece cae ios eee dese Unecncawensnces 291

XXXIJUJ. Preliminary Diagnosis of a new Stomiatid Fish from

South-west of Ireland. By E. W. L. Horr and L. W. Bryne.... 294

XXXIII. The British Roe-deer (Capreolus capreolus thotti), a

preliminary Diagnosis. By Dr. Ervar Lonnpera, C.M.ZS. &e... 297

XXXIV. Description of the Indian Butterfly Parantirrhea mar-

shalli, W.-M. (female). By Lieut.-Colonel N. Manprrs, F.E.S. .. 298

XXXYV. Descriptions of Five new Species of Ticks (Irodide).

By Staniey Hiesr and L. F. Hirst, M.D. ....... 2.62 eee ceee 299

XXXVI. List of Mammals from Mount Kilimanjaro, obtained by

Mr. Robin Kemp, and presented to the British Museum by Mr. C,

Dr Rudd. By Ovprizry Troms; FRB. eee eek cee 308

XXXVII. New Neotropical Geometride. By Louis B. Prout,

URN hs Rg I ho ahah alan ata'e's rata iOs lata tate’s ain: o Seer em He's 8s 316

New Book :—The Biology of Birds. A History of Birds. By W.P.

Pycrart, Zoological Department, British Museum. With an

Introduction by Sir Ray LanxestTer, K.C.B., F.RS. oo... 333

. i NUMBER 34.

XXXVI. New African Phlebotomic Diptera in the British

Museum (Natural History).—Part VII. Tabanide (continued). By

PO eee eo Oe eee eee . 338

XXXIX. Descriptions and Records of Bees —XXXIII. By T. D.

A, CocKERELL, University of Colorado .........cceeeceeseeeees B00

vi CONTENTS.

Page

XL. On a new Genus and Species of the Order Solifuge from

Algeria. - By S. FYB? si ieee ete cee eee eee eae tema 367

XLI. Rhynchotal Notes —LII. By W. L. Distant ........+. 369

XLII. Hornless Okapies. By W.G. Riprwoop ........++:: 387

XLII. A List of the Mammals obtained by Mr. R. B. Woosnam

during the Expedition to Lake Ngami, with Field-Notes by the

Oollector. By Guy DoOuuMAN .... i. cece iee ese eee er eve 388

XLIV. New 5 tame of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—II. By ™

Pye ee oe 4” ae OREN Se I EEE et 402

XLV. A Note on Alouatta discolor of Spix. By Guy Dorian. 422

XLVI. Descriptions of Three new Freshwater Fishes from West

Africa. By G. A. Bounencer, F.RS, ... 2.0.0.2 eens cede ee 424

XLVII. New African Mammals in the British Museum. By

Onprutiy THOMAS = i .0)52.). 6 Son eee rent sacks este Ss oe ee 426

XLVII. New Neotropical Geometride. By Lovts B. Prout,

BBB cic oes ea ed eee ets atid ees Ov nes 432

New Book :—Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea in the

Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Brachyura. Fasci-

culus II. The Indian Freshwater Crabs—Potamonide. By

A, Axcocx, ©.1.E.; M.B., LG.D., FBS, &e: «32-2... 5.05 eee 440

NUMBER 35.

XLIX. Descriptions of new Species of Heterocera from New

Guinea. By G. T. Bernune-Baker, F.LS., F.Z.S. ..........0. 44]

L. Descriptions of Six new European Mammals. By Gerrit S.

ss POPPE EE eh kei rr ke 458

LI. On Two new Carnivora from North-east Africa. By A.

Caprena, C.ALZB. ©... cea sb eee Se reese oe eee Be ee 461

LI. Rhynchotal Notes—LU. By W.L. Distant .......... 465

LIL. The Anatomy and Classification of the Teleostean Fishes

of the Order Zeomorphi. By C. Tare Reean, M.A. ............ 481

LIV. The Origin and Evolution of the Teleostean Fishes of the

Order Heterosomata. By C. Tate RreGan, M.A. ...........+.. 484

LV. New Unionide from East Asia. By Dr. F. Haas, Sencken-

berg Museum, Frankfurt-a.-M. .- ...),si00.04. aviswisla’s > 0+ 05s » See 496

LVI. On Mammals collected in Ceara, N.E. Brazil, by Fraulein

Dr. Snethlage. By OLDFIELD THOMAS .............200++secsun

LVII. Four new South-American Rodents. By O.pFre.p

THOMAS voices cedavesisnsesvcent )000s 1s0> AEE 508

CONTENTS. vil

LVIII. New Genera of Australasian Muride. By OLDFIELD

MA lc ciaria nae cece Fam oa eta sateen eeengee ses 506

LIX. New Neotropical Geometride. By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S, 508

LX. Additions to the non-Marine Molluscan Fauna of British and

German East Africa and Lake Albert Edward. By H. B. Preston,

Res (Ch iateety WE ci aes ere le hee eer dae bedbeces ce 526

NUMBER 36,

LXI. Ona large Collection of Fishes made by Dr. W. J. Ansorge

in the Quanza and Bengo Rivers, Angola, By G. A. BOULENGER,

TT Go ata ciaaroe S aientrivic Unite eX vlaiae wus He ates a ee) ee 537

LXII. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—IIIl. By

EMRE COPE tea ean ac emt ac ay Elipatan eee whee Ree 561

LXIII. Rhynchotal Notes—LII. By W. L. Distanr ........ 585

LXIV. The Generic Arrangement of the Australian Murines

hitherto referred to “ Mus.” By OLpFieLp THOMAS ............ 603

LXV. New Australian Muride of the Genus Pseudomys. By

era NMRERENE LEECOMEA I a aires oe cia) lhe a fh cco 0 5 6 fs Usb aleisncia nee es eas 607

LXVI. A new Genus for Dactylopsila palpator. By OLDFIELD

UE Anta er erie eiarlets bis ist vaste sain gus see es 610

LXVII. Description of a new Volute. By G. B.Sowrrsy, F.L.S. 611

LXVIU. On Heterocuma sarsi, Miers. By W.T.Catman, D.Sc.

Sey te IR) Se OB Te 612

LXIX. On the Specific Names of certain Primates. By ANGEL

empreeas CONE Tice A ier c ola bde ence bos ede ec. eis ase, 617

LXX. Ten new Fruit-bats of the Genera Nyctimene, Cynopterus,

and Eonycterts. By KNUD ANDERSEN ...........0esecacceeeas 621

New Books:—Memoirs of the National Museum of Melbourne,

No. 3.—Fourth Annual Report of the Committee of Control of

the South African Locust Bureau. — Fische der Siid-See.

Par 0s. By Dr. AtBERT GUNTHER Vy. Vin id cece. 625—627

Proceedings of the Geological Society ..............0ceeueeueees 628

Report of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 7,

Index eee enee Cn OO CO 0 0 631

oo ~Ta eS

PLATES IN. VOL. VI.

eae Marine Mollusca from the Persian Gulf, &e.

Ii. Microchcerus erinaceus ( Wood).

Ms Mollusca from Central Africa.

VI. South-African Stenogyrine, =

VI. ; " tt pe ek

- VIII.} Mollusca from British and German Hast Africa, Ke,

IX. , ala

X. Heterocuma sarsi, Miers. ’ . tes = ¥

. i |

Ls ane

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

a cugedsnonuhesus ss per litora spargite muscum,

Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes:

Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:

Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum.

At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ;

Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco

Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas

Ferte, Dew pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”

N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Ecl, 1

No. 31. JULY 1910.

I.— Descriptions of Twenty-nine Species of Marine Mollusca

from the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and North

Arabian Sea, mostly collected by Mr. F. W. Townsend,

of the Indo-European Telegraph Service. By JAMES

Cosmo MELVILL, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S.

[Plates I, & II.]

THREE years have elapsed since the last paper was published

treating of the Molluscan Fauna of the Persian Gulf and its

dependencies. Since that time, mainly in 1907, Mr. Townsend

forwarded some fresh consignments, for the most part con-

sisting of dredged material from the neighbourhood of

(a) Karachi,

(b) Charbar,

(d) Henjam L.,

(e) Bahrein Is.,

(7) Bunder Abbas,

(g) Bushire,

(hk) Bombay,

and it has taken a long time—indeed, the task is not yet

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 1

2 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Alarine Mollusea

finished—to properly examine these gatherings, a fact which

is not surprising when the microscopic size of the bulk of the

material is considered.

As is almost invariably the case in deep-sea products, the

predominating molluscan families are Pleurotomida, first in

point of numbers, followed by Pyramidellide, ‘Trochidee,

Rissoide, and Cerithide.

In the following descriptive paper I have eliminated all

members of the second family named—Pyramidellide,—as I

have prepared, separately, a revision of the Gulf species,

which I hope may be published this autumn; but examples

of the remaining and other families will be found among the

twenty-nine species now to be enumerated.

The time does not seem to have arrived for a new edition

of the ‘ Catalogue of Gastropoda and Scaphopoda’ published

in 1901, though a considerable number of species could now

be added, and several emendations would likewise have to be

made at the same time.

Including the Pelecypoda, the catalogue of which was

published only three years ago, the number of Mollusca

enumerated from these seas amounts to over 1700 species, and

of these it has been found necessary to describe more than a

third as new to science.

Acknowledgments are due to Mr. G. B. Sowerby, Mr. E.

R. Sykes, Mr. J. R. le Brockton Tomlin, and Mr. Edgar

Smith, 1.8.0., while our sense of indebtedness to Mr. F. W.

Townsend has been, if possible, still further accentuated and

enhanced by the fresh services he has rendered to the science

of malacology during the past two years.

Cyclostrema tredecimlineatum, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 1.)

C. testa depresso-discoidali, minuta, alba, delicata, late umbilicata ;

anfractibus 4, quorum 12 apicales mamillati, leves, nitidi,

ceteris ad suturas leniter quasi-canaliculatis, penultimo spiraliter

3-, ultimo |3-lineato—supra sex, infra septem lineis predito,—

liris indistinctis, hic illic fortioribus; apertura obliqua, peristo-

wate rotundo, continuo,

Alt. 1, diam. 2 mm.

Hab, Gulf of Oman, lat. 26° 6’ N., long. 50° 58’ E., 15

fathoms.

A rare and delicate species, white, discoidally depressed,

with large umbilicus, four-whorled, two being apical, mamil-

late, the remainder ornamented with fine, somewhat indistinct

and unequal spiral lines, thirteen in all upon the body-whorl,

six being on the upper side, and seven basal, round the

umbilicus. The periphery is not conspicuously angled.

from the Persian Gulf, &e. 3

Cyclostrema (Tubiola) nugatortum, sp.u. (PI. L. fig. 2.)

C. testa depressa, profunde umbilicata, tenuissima, lactea ; anfracti-

bus 4, quorum apicales 2 apice ipso bulboso, vitreo, ceteris ad

suturas obtuse canaliculatis, lwvissimis, lineis incrementalibus

sub lente longitudinaliter tenuissimis preditis, apud peripheriam

rotunde depressa, basi levi; apertura rotunda, peristomate tenui,

fere continuo.

Alt. ‘50, long. 1-75 mm.

Hab. Mekran Coast, Charbar, 40 fathoms.

Minute, but interesting. ‘lhe little shell is milky white,

smooth, and delicate, the incremental lines of growth being

but barely distinguishable with a considerable power. The

umbilicus is particularly wide and deep, and the shell itself

almost a replica, but in miniature, of Tubiola nivea, Ch.,

from Japan.

Solariella tridifulgens, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 3.)

S. testa conica, umbilicata, levissima, pulchre iridescente, tenuis-

sima, perfragili, nitida, albo-cinerea, flammis rufis depicta; an-

fractibus 5, quorum apicales 2 albi, stramineo—vel puniceo-

tincti, spiraliter tenuilirati, ceteris tribus infra suturas deplanatis,

perlevibus, ventricosulis, ultimo rapide accrescente, ad _peri-

pheriam rotundato, circa umbilicum spiraliter tornato et striatulo,

umbilico ipso profundo; apertura rotunda, labro tenui, columella

simplice.

Alt. 4, diam. 6 mm.

flab. Mekran Coast; off Charbar, at 40 fathoms; off

Astola Island, 90 fathoms; Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N.,

long. 56° 54’ K., 156 fathoms, shell-sand.

A very fragile shell, brilliantly nacreous, green, violet, and

blue iris hues mostly occurring, often collected in battered

condition, the somewhat fugitive outer cuticle, showing

rufous flames depicted upon a greyish ground, soon wearing

away. ‘lhe finest examples occurred off Charbar ; it was both

rare and in poor condition, and small, in the famous Gulf of

Oman dredging at 156 fathoms.

Monilea chiliarches *, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 4.)

M. testa anguste umbilicata, turbinata, pallide albo-straminea, intus

fulgide margaritacea, delicata; anfractibus 5, quorum apicalis

vitreus, bulbosus, ceteris pulchre gradatis et tornatis, tribus

supernis (precipue penultimo) infra suturas radiatim sculptu-

ratis, duabus carinis marginatis preeditis, in medio, simul ac infra

et supra, penultimo aufractu longitudinaliter oblique et arctissime

* ytapxns, ruler of a thousand,

4 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Alarine Mollusca

fenestrato, ultimo bicarinato, infra suturas radiatim oblique

decorato, carinis marginatis, apud basin spiraliter quinque-lirato,

liris circa umbilicum fenestratis longitudinaliter incrassatulis ;

apertura rotunda, intus pulchre iridescente, peristomate tenui.

Long. 5, lat. 8 mm,

Hab. Persian Gulf.

A unique and most beautiful species. From the figure

and description, 80 near does it appear to Monilea tropicalis,

Hedley *, from Mast Head Reef, Queensland, that I place it

in the same genus ; otherwise I had considered it, perhaps, an

Eumargarita, P. Fischer. Some authors, doubtless, would

include it in Solariella, 8. Wood, but this last is but sub-

generic to Monilea, in my opinion.

Epitonium schepmani, sp. n. (Pl. I. fig. 6.)

E. testa late ovata, delicata, alba, vel albo-cinerea, imperforata ;

anfractibus 9, quorum apicales tres bicolores, nitidissimi, per-

leves, ceteris ventricosis, apud suturas impressis, longitudinaliter

undique lamellosis, lamellis hie illic varicosis, tenuibus, levibus,

fragilibus, anfractibus supernis arctissime lamellatis, anfractu

ultimo bi- vel trivaricoso, lamellis ad 36, interstitiis inter lamellas

spiraliter delicato-striatis; apertura rotunda, peristomate con-

tinuo, margine columellari incrassato.

Long. 9, lat. 4:50 mm.

Hab. Sheikh-Shuaib I., Persian Gulf.

Distinguished by its thin, shining, smooth lamelle, which

are so crowded in the two or three whorls just below the nuclear

as almost to impinge upon each other. They number thirty-

six upon the body-whorl, of these two or three are variced.

It does not seem very akin to any of the Scalarie known

from the Persian Gulf region. I have much pleasure in

dedicating this interesting species to Dr. M. M. Schepman,

whose monograph on the Gastropodous Mollusca of the

‘Siboga’ expedition is memorable.

Epitonium zatrephes, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 5.)

E. testa oblonga,imperforata, delicata, albida ; anfractibus 9, quorum

tres apicales leves, nitidi, ceteris ventricosis, apud suturas im-

pressis, lamellis tenuibus ornatis, numero anfractum ad ultimum

circa 20, anfractibus supernis arctissime lamellatis, interstitiis

inter lamellas pulchre et arcte striatis; apertura fere rotunda,

peristomate continuo, columella paullum excavata.

Long. 9, lat. 4 mm.

Hub. Mekran Coast; off Charbar.

* Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 1907, vol. xxxii, p, 490, pl. xvi. fig. 12.

from the Persian Gulf, Le. 5

Of the same dimensions as the last species just described,

but there are no traces of varices; the characters, likewise, of

the lamelle are different, these being clearly cut, smooth, and

thicker than in the fellow species. The spiral striz are also

much more fine and delicate.

There seems now no hope that the names Scalaria or

Scala, which have graced this genus with such aptitude

during so many years, can be preserved, unless, indeed, some

of the more inexorable decrees of the law of priority be

removed. Since Bolten’s names are to be recognized, it will

be well to ask why he called the “ Wentletraps” by the

harsh-sounding Epitontum. The name might be worse

however : it is pure Greek, évtowoyv signifying the “key by

which the strings of an instrument are tightened to tune it” ;

presumably, therefore, the chord-like close longitudinal

lamellz, tightly packed over the whorls, suggested it.

Crosseia alliciens*,sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 7.)

C. testa minima, anguste umbilicata, rotundo-conica, pellucida,

albo-vitrea, nitida, tenuissima; anfractibus 4, apicali parvo,

ceteris apud suturas impressis, ventricosulis, levissimis, ultimo

globoso, circa umbilicum concentrice fortiter exsculpto et margi-

nato, umbilico ipso parvo; apertura ovato-rotunda, peristomate

tenul, collumella excavatula.

Alt. 1:75, diam, 1:30 mm.

Hab. Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 55! N., long. 56° 54! E.,

156 fathoms, shell-sand.

Very minute and papyraceous ; perhaps, indeed, not quite

adult, but the distinguishing features- of the species are all

present—the umbilicar ridge, for instance, is strongly built

and conspicuous. ‘he umbilicus itself is small and narrow ;

whorls four, ventricose. Substance of shell glassy, thin,

quite smooth throughout, and polished. The only other

species yet known from the same seas is C. eryma, Mely. t

This, though equally small, is a stouter shell, solid, and

spirally closely striate throughout. But few possess no sculp-

ture ; such, however, is the case with C. naticoides, Hedley tf,

and one or two other Australian species, including also

C. glabella, Murdoch §, from New Zealand, and carinata,

Hedley ||, from Port Kemble (‘ Thetis’ Expedition), a very

minute species, alt. 1°7, diam. 1°46 mm., with a blunt peri-

pherial keel.

* Alliciens, alluring.

+ Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond. vii. (1906) p. 70, pl. vii. fig. 7.

t Rec. Australian Mus. vi. (1907) p. 290, pl. liv. figs. 6, 7.

§ Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxxvii. (1905) p. 225, pl. viii. tigs, 16, 17.

|| Mein, Austral. Mus. iv. p. 345, tig. 71 (1903),

6 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Marine Mollusca

Teinostoma emmeles*, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 8.)

T. testa subrotunda, profunde et Jate umbilicata, solida, calearea,

alba; anfractibus ad 5, quorum 23 apicales bulbosi, lactei, leves,

ceteris arctissime spiraliter liratis, liris sub lente irregulariter

rugatis, interstitiis foveolatis, ad suturas valide impressis. ultimo

rotundato, lineis incrementalibus longitudinaliter accinctis, liris

apud basin circa umbilicum distantibus ; apertura obliqua, semi-

lunata, peristomate subincrassato, paullum effuso, margine

columellari recto, callo linguifero umbilicum obtegente.

Alt. 6, diam. 5 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf ; Henjam Island, 1906.

A most interesting species, of doubtful place and affinities.

After much consideration, I began by calling it a Cyclostrema,

but it might, owing to the obliquity of mouth, be equally

thought an Adeorbis, while the general “facies” suggests

Eunaticina. There are several points of agreement with

Teinostoma parvulum, Hedley, judging from figure and

description, more especially as regards the close spiral lire

uniformly covering the whole surface, and also the prolonga-

tion of the tongne-shaped varix over the umbilicus. ‘This

causes me to consider it of the same genus.

Ethalia diotrephes +, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 9.)

E. testa parva, alba, profunde umbilicata, solidula; anfractibus 4,

quorum apicales 14 perleves, bulbosi, ceteris supra peripheriam

omnino fere planulatis, delicatissime undique spiraliter liratulis,

lirulis arctis, sub lente punctulosis, oblique radiatim decurvatis,

extus marginulatis, peripheria acute carinata, subtus lirulis simi-

liter arcte punctulosis, circa umbilicum radiatim extensis; apertura

rotunda, labro extus paullum incrassato, subangulato, continuo,

columella late et triangulatim supra umbilicum extensa et

lingulata.

Alt. 2, diam. 3°20 mm. (sp. maj.).

Hab. Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E., 150

fathoms in shell-sand.

Unfortunately both the examples that have occurred of this

strange species are broken; the larger especially so in the

region of the mouth, the smaller, however, showing these

portions more perfectly. I know no shell at all comparable ;

and had hoped, before attempting to describe it, that some

perfect specimens would be found, but this now seems very

unlikely to be the case. It is small, of thickish substance,

* éypédns, harmonious. ;

t dsorpépys, noble.

+ Ree ete etter

Jrom the Persian Gulf, &-. 7

white, four-whorled, 14 being apical, bulbous ; the umbilicus

is straight-walled, deep, solarioid, but the margin, as also in

Fluxina, is not crenulate ; the surface above is closely con-

centrically shagreened and dotted, the periphery acutely

keeled, upper whorls very slightly depressedly conical. Below,

though imperfect, signs of a lingulate columellar callus can

be discerned which would partially cover the umbilicus.

This shell is now placed in Ethalia only tentatively ; and

I have, since description, found an imperfect, but beautifully

sculptured specimen of probably the same species in shell-

sand from Port Darwin, N. Australia, received from Dr. J.

C. Cox.

Fluxina stenomphala*,sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 10.)

F. testa parva, anguste umbilicata, vitrea, lactea, magnopere

delicata, depresse conica, ad peripheriam acutissime carinulata ;

anfractibus 5, apicalibus duobus inclusis, ventricosulis, vitreis,

levibus, ceteris ad suturas canaliculatis, tornatis, supra suturas

marginatis, ultimo anfractu circa peripheriam pulcherrime

denticulato, apud basin levi, circa umbilicum angustum radiato,

marginato ; apertura angusta, labro tenuissimo, margine columel-

lari apud umbilicum paullulum reflexo.

Alt. 1°50, diam. 3°25 mm.

Hab. Gulf of Oman, lat. 25° 10’ N., long. 61° 34’ E.;

Mekran Coast ; Charbar, 40 fathoms.

This is the second Fluaina obtained from the Persian

Gulf region : the first, a smaller species, was described under

the name of F. dalliana t, Melv. & St., in 1903.

There have been lately introduced by Dr. Schepman two

beautiful small species, dredged during the ‘ Siboga’ ex-

pedition, Fl. marginata and trochiformis, Schep., and the

Jatter of these has some affinity to our shell, from which,

indeed, it differs in size and in the much narrower umbilicus.

From this circumstance the trivial name is proposed. We

may add, the beautifully denticulate margin is the same in

both species, as is the general form and sculpture. It has

only occurred, so far, very rarely in shell-sand.

Rissoa (Apicularia) townsendi, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 11.)

A. testa parva, inflata, tenuissima, alba, fragili, subrotunda; anfracti-

bus ad 5, quorum duo apicales perleves, albi, ceteris gradatulis,

ad suturas multum impressis, ventricosis, nitidis, longitudinaliter

peroblique costulatis, costis indistinctis, superficialibus, apud

* arevopugpados, with narrow umbilicus.

+ Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser. 7, vol. xii. p. 298, pl. xxi. fig. 2 (1903).

Dr. J. C. Melvill on Marine Mollusca

basin omnino evanidis, undique spiraliter striatulis; apertura

rotunda, peristomate tenui, continuo, columella paullum excavata.

Long. 2°75, lat. 1°75 mm.

Hab. Karachi, 1906 ; Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58! N., long.

56° 54’ E., 156 fathoms, shell-sand.

An inflated, gradately-whorled Rissoa of great tenuity,

being evidently anabyssal species. It differsfrom 2. charope

altogether in sculpture, and also from &, versoverana, both

these being inhabitants of the same seas. This last is a

much more solidly constructed shell, more compact, of brown

colour, or white flecked with brown, two forms occurring,

one of which, owing to its obese body-whorl, the more

approximates 2. townsendi.

Rissoa (Scrobs) elspethe, sp.n. (Pl. 1. fig. 12.)

R. testa cylindrica, semipellucida, delicata, tenui; anfractibus 5-6,

quorum apicales tumidi, ad apicem ipsum deplanati, dein bulbosi,

ceteris 34 ad suturas impressis, ventricosis, levibus, ultimo pro-

longato, paullum obliquo ; apertura ovata, peristomate continuo,

columella obliqua.

Long. 3, lat. 1 mm.

Hab, Mekran Coast; Charbar, 40 fathoms.

A very beautiful and delicate, though minute species, and

in local abundance at the above dredging, though we have

not yet discerned it from elsewhere. It is of the same form

but smaller than R. (Scrobs) columen*, Melv., from the Gulf

of Oman at 150 fathoms, and it is likewise quite smooth, the

larger species being uniformly spirally striate. I have

pleasure in connecting with this the Christian name of my

niece Mrs. Reginald Fletcher, who has always evinced great

interest in biological studies.

TRissoa (Scrobs) ictriella, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 13.)

R. testa attenuata, oblonga, parum nitida, pallide lirescente, tenui ;

anfractibus 6, quorum apicales duo, quorum apex ipse planatus,

simplex, ceteris ventricosis, apud suturas impressis, undique sub

lente delicatissime et obscure spiraliter striolatis, ultimo anfractu

paullum prolongato; apertura ovata, labro tenui, continuo, colu-

mella fere recta.

Long. 4°75, lat. 1°50 mm.

Hab. Karachi, 1906.

A single specimen, but in my opinion possessing characters

that merit differentiation, The shell is of a livid colour,

* Proc. Mal. Soc, Lond. yi. p. 58, pl. v. fig. 21 (1904).

Jrom the Persian Gulf, &c. 9

smooth, not shining, microscopically delicately spirally strio-

late, with flattened nuclear whorls and apex, the remaining

whorls decidedly ventricose. Body-whorl to some extent

prolonged, mouth ovate; peristome continuous, slightly

thickened.

Obtortio elongella, sp. n. (PI. I. fig. 14.)

O. testa anguste oblonga, parva, alba, delicata; anfractibus 10,

quorum 3 apicales, apice ipso parvo, rufo, levi, deinde duobus

rufo-tinctis, ceteris albis, apud suturas impressis, multum ventri-

cosis, longitudinaliter, simul ac spiraliter, decussatim ruguloso-

liratis ; apertura ovata, peristomate tenui, fere continuo, colu-

mella paullum excavata.

Long. 4, lat. 1-25 mm.

Hab, Mekran Coast, off Charbar.

A small elongate shell, narrower but of the same calibre

as Styliferina fulva*, Wats., which is placed by Mr. C.

Hedley in his genus Obtortiot, in company with Rissoa

pyrrhacme ft, M. & St., and the lately described O. vulnerata,

Hedley §. It comes nearest to O. fulva, but is much the

same size and contour as O. vulnerata.

The type of this genus was described by myself in collabo-

ration with Mr. Standen, as has just been observed, as a

Rissoa, and subsequently tentatively considered an Alaba ||.

Later both Hedley and Dall {| placed it among the Pyrami-

dellidee, but the former author, finding the nuclear whorls

non-heterostrophe, has again transferred it to the Rissoide.

This interesting species (O. pyrrhacme) I now have in my

collection from Mauritius (W. Moss), from the Persian Gulf

(Townsend), and Bombay (Abercrombie), likewise from

Bydong Cays (Haddon), and Thursday Island, Torres Straits

(A. K. Henn); and it appears to me not to vary at all, ex-

cepting a degree in size, from any of these places and to be

quite distinct from O. fulva (Wats.), with which some authors

are inclined to associate it.

* Rep. ‘ Challenger ’ Exped. xv. p. 571, pl. xlii. fig. 5 (1886).

+ Hedley, Moll. of Funafuti, Mem. Austral. Mus. iii. p. 412, fig. 6

1899).

: t Journ. Conch. viii. 1896, p. 310, pl. xi. fig. 70.

§ Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1909, xxxiv. p. 439, pl. xl. fig. 52.

| Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool. xxvii. p. 170 (1899).

4} Dall & Bartsch, Mon. W. Am. Pyramidellid Mollusks, p. 16 (1909).

10 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Alarine Mollusca

Cerithium trigonostomum, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 15.)

C. testa parva, regulari, fusiformi, pallide ochracea vel alba; an-

fractibus 11, quorum apicalis perminutus, levis, ceteris ad

suturas impressis, regulariter costulatis, costis utrinque gemmu-

latis, ad medium spiraliter uniliratis, superficie rugosa, ultimo

anfractu multilirato, preecipue ad basin, et bino gemmularum

ordine ad costas infra peripheriam decorato; apertura subtrigona,

labro recte effuso, obtusangulo, breviter ad basin rostrato.

Long. 6°75, lat. 2 mm.

Tab. Mekran Coast, Charbar, 40 fathoms.

A few examples only of a neat little Certthium, with

regularly chased whorls, there being two rows of beading on

the riblets on either side of the sutures, a strong median lira

dividing them. The body-whorl is well furnished with lire

below the periphery to the base. Mouth subtrigonous, outer

lip somewhat angled and prominent, shortly beaked basally.

Cerithiopsis eutreta*, sp. n. (PI. II. fig. 16.)

C. testa minuta, attenuato-cylindrica, tenui, ochro-cinerea; an-

fractibus ad 10, quorum apicales 3 ochracei, leves, eseteris ventri-

cosulis, ad suturas impressis, ad medium spiraliter tribus carinulis

decoratis, ultimo quatuor, infra et supra, juxta suturas, spatio

intervallari preditis, quod, cum interstitiis inter carinas spirales,

minute foveolatum et alveatum est ; apertura ovata, labro paullum

effuso, tenui, columella excavata, canali producto.

Long. 3, lat. 1 mm.

Hlab. Persian Gulf, Henjam Island.

With C. henjamensis one specimen only of a distinct little

shell occurred, its sculpture being peculiar. Ten-whorled,

the three apical being smooth, the remainder thrice spirally

keeled, these keels ‘being approximate to each other; on

either side between them and the sutures the surface is plain

but much pitted and honeycombed; the same alveate con-

dition obtains between the spiral keels, of which the body-

whorl possesses four, with curtly angled base, and plain ;

the mouth oval, columella slightly excavate.

Cerithiopsis henjamensis, sp. n. (PI. II. fig. 17.)

C. testa parva, angusta, attenuato-cylindrica, lete ochraceo-

brunnea, solidula ; anfractibus ad 13, quorum apicales 3 levissimi,

vitrei, ochracei, ceteris ad suturas haud multum impressis, tri-

plici gemmarum spiralium serie arcte preditis; anfractu ultimo

* eiitpntos, honeycombed.

from the Persian Gulf, &c. 11

quatuor similibus ordinibus decorato, apud basin angulato-planato,

decurtato ; apertura parva, labro tenui, columella paullum exca-

vata, canali brevi.

Long. 5, lat. 1 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf, off Henjam Island.

A very narrow aciculate species, quite distinct from the

Bombay C. sykesit, Melv.*, with which, from the figure, it

might easily be confounded. That is a much broader shell in

proportion, and coarser in its substance and sculpture.

Three examples only, the most perfect being selected for

the type.

Cerithiopsis (Setla) ochrolivens, sp.n. (PI. IL. fig. 18.)

C. testa attenuata, anguste cylindrica, solida; anfractibus ad 12,

apicalibus ?, omnino spiraliter carinatis, supernis tribus, an-

fractu ultimo quatuor carinulis, quorum duobussuturalibus utrinque

lividis, carina centrali ochraceo-tincta, ad basin curta, planata ;

apertura ovata, margine columellari calloso.

Long. 7, lat. 2 mm.

Hab. Karachi, 1906.

A small Setla, conspicuous for its ochraceous and grey

colouring alternating spirally on the whorls, the spiral keels

on either side of the sutures being livid, while that in the

centre is ochraceous. Upon the body-whorl the two inner of

the four spirals are of that hue, the outer being livid. The

base is curtly flattened and deplanate, with the columellar

margin very callous.

The only example of this distinct form is imperfect, and

the nuclear details are therefore wanting.

Columbella (Seminella) salutaris, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 19.)

C. testa breviter fusiformi, nitida, parva, levi, alba, vel stramineo-

zonata; anfractibus sex, apicali parvo, cwteris gradatulis, ad

suturas multum impressis, leniter lzevicostulatis, superne, infra

suturas, incrassatis, ultimo anfractu levicostulato, vel, ut spe,

costis evanidis, levigato, ad basin spiraliter striato; apertura

anguste flexuosa, labro intus denticulato, crassiusculo, columella

ad medium recta, deinde curvata, canali brevi,

Long. 2°75, lat. 1:20 mm.

Hab. Bombay (Abercrombie and Townsend),

‘This is another species carved out of the miscellaneous

# Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond. ii. p. 199, pl. viii. fig. 8 (1896).

12 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Marine Mollusca

assemblage, now known as C. (Seminella) selasphora, meli-

toma, phaula, &c., which were by a past generation considered

all one species—atomella, Duclos. The true atomella is not,

I believe, present in these waters, and is most probably

entirely confined to the New World. No form of atrata,

Gould, seems to coincide with C. salutaris.

Mitra (Pusia) geoffreyana, sp.n. (PI. IL. fig. 20.)

M. testa parva, utrinque attenuata, breviter fusiformi, alba; an-

fractibus 6, quorum duo apicales bulbosi, leves, ceteris gradatulis,

longitudinaliter levicostatis, interstitiis intercostalibus etiam fere

levibus, sub lente delicatissime spiraliter striatulis, superficie hic

illic sparsim brunneo vel ochro-maculata, preecipue infra suturas

ad costas, simul ac labro; apertura anguste oblonga, Jabro tenui,

columella quadriplicata.

Long. 4°50, lat. 2 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf, off Sheikh-Shuaib Island.

Hitherto confused with AL. blanfordi*, M. & St., to which

it bears only a very distant resemblance, this pretty little

species is well differentiated by its four columellar plaits, all

of equal size and similar convolution. The ochre-brown

spotting on an otherwise pure white ground, principally at

the point of junction of the outer lip with the body-whorl and

on the summit of every third rib just below the sutures on

the penultimate and body-whorls, is peculiar. The same

kind of scattered blotches of colour occurs in Hlust brunneo-

maculata, Melv.f, from the same region, but is of rare occur-

rence among Mollusca so far as my experience goes. The

whorls are extremely gradate, coste smooth; interstices

apparently likewise smooth, but with a powerful lens most

delicate spiral striation is observable. With age, however,

these strize wear off.

Terebra remanalva {, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 21.)

T. testa angusta, attenuata, albo-gilva, vel, in uno specimine,

lilacino-tincta ; anfractibus ad 15, quorum apicales 3 nitidissimi,

perleves, brunnei, ceteris ad suturas impressis, infra, juxta

suturas, spiraliter unisulcatis, undique longitudinaliter crassi-

costulatis, costulis nitidis, rectis, interstitiis sub lente pulchre

transversim striatis, ultimo anfractu ad medium albo-teniato ;

* Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. 1901, ii. p. 423, pl. xxiii. fig. 19.

+ Mem. Manch. Soc. vol. xli. (1897) no. 7, p. 13, pl. vi. fig. 5.

{ Remano, alvus, refluent.

from the Persian Gulf, §c. 13

apertura oblonga, brunnescente, labro tenui, columella fere recta,

canali brevi.

Long. 31, lat. 7 mm. (spec. maj.).

Hab. Persian Gulf, Bundo Abbas, and Bushire, 1906.

Allied to: 7. spectabilis, Hinds, gouldi, Desh., and edgarit,

Melv. It differs from these by the very delicate interstitial

transverse striolations, the narrowed somewhat straight

aperture, and want of ventricosity of whorl. 1. edgarit

occurs in the same seas, and it is sometimes hard to differen-

tiate them. [am grateful to Mr. Edgar Smith for his opinion

as to their distinctness.

Mangilia ichthys *, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 22.)

M. testa parva, fusiformi, delicata, albo-cinerea; anfractibus 7,

apicalibus tribus inclusis, quorum duo superiores bulbosi, albo-

lutei, leeves, tertio pulchre et minute crenulato, ceteris quatuor

sex-costatis, costis latis, continuis, expansis, omnibus ventri-

cosulis, ad suturas impressis, undique pulcherrime et arctissime

spiraliter tenuistriatis; apertura oblonga, labro extus perlato,

sinu lato, brevi, columella fere recta, basi haud producta.

Long. 7, lat. 3 mm. (spec. maj.).

Hab. Mekran Coast, off Astola Island, 90 fathoms.

A very choice though small species, and rarely occurring in

shell-sand. ‘The examples are dead, and the coloration is

therefore a matter of guesswork ; it is very probably pale

ashy brown in life. The ribs, six in number on each of the

four lowest whorls, are continuous with each other, broadened,

the upper whorls being semivitreous, the third crenulate.

The only ally we can find is M. caleatat, Hedley, an

equally rare species, only occurring, so far as is known, at

Hope Island, Queensland. It differs in several ways, particu-

larly in the sinus, which is not “‘an almost closed tube at top

of a bold varix,’ as in M. calcata, but broad, short, and

shallow, and not extending far towards the margin of the

outer lip.

Mangilia quernaf, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 23.)

M. testa parva, breviter fusiformi, pallide gilvya vel straminea,

solidula ; anfractibus 7, quorum duo apicales tumidi, leves, ceteris

* (y6us, a fish, from the fish-like ribs.

+ Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1909, vol. xxxiy, pt. 3, pl. xliy. fig. 90,

1 Quernus, oaken, from the colour,

14 Dr. J. C. Melvill on Marine Mollusca

apud suturas impressis, ventricosulis, perlevibus, undique longi-

tudinaliter paucicostatis, costis crassis, nitidis, apud ultimum

novem ; apertura parva, ovata, labro extus crasso, nitido, ad

basin truncatulo, sinu nullo, columella recta, canali brevi.

Long. 5°50, lat. 2 mm.

Hab. Mekran Coast, off Charbar, at 40 fathoms, 1900.

A thickened pale brown or straw-coloured Mangilia, few-

ribbed, the number only extending to nine on the last whorl.

Altogether it is seven-whorled, two of these being apical ;

the outer lip is thickened, no trace of sinus being perceptible ;

columella straight, canal very short.

Mangilia tetartemoris, sp.n. (Pl. IL. fig. 24.)

M. testa pergracili, attenuato-fusiformi, nitida, delicata, pallide

straminea ; anfractibus 7, quorum tres apicales, tertio perinflato,

omnibus delicate cancellatis, ceteris ad medium angulatis, longi-

tudinaliter sex-costatis, costis remotis, regularibus, sequidistanti-

bus, superficie omni spiraliter arcte liratula, ultimo anfractu

bicarinato, carinis chordalibus ; apertura angusta, oblonga, labro

tenui, sinu lato, nequaquam profundo, canali paullum prolongato.

Long. 8, lat. 2°50 mm.

Hab. Mekran Coast, off Astola Island, at 90 fathoms.

A remarkably graceful shell, conspicuous for its strong

yet thread-like angled keels, one upon the upper whorls, two

on the lower, while a rectangular appearance is obtained by

tiie six longitudinal remote yet regular ribs on each whorl,

these not being exactly continuous, as is the case with the

sculpture of some Mangiliew ; the apical whorls are beauti-

fully cancellate, colour of the remainder pale ochreous or

straw-colour, slightly intensified on the ribs. ‘The spiral

lines crossing the whorls are close and uniform. Sinus

broad, but shallow. Mouth narrowly oblong, canal slightly

prolonged.

An alliance with other handsome forms from the same

region, e. g. IL. townsendi, Sowb., galigensis and o’maleyi,

Mely., is to be noticed. ‘T'o the last of these it bears closest

resemblance—indeed, at first I considered them identical ;

but the quadrate sculpture is peculiar to MM. tetartemoris,

which derives its specific name from this distinctive attribute.

Pleurotomella rhytismeis*, sp.n. (Pl. II. fig. 25.)

P. testa perparva, alba, breviter fusiformi, compacta; anfractibus 6,

quorum duo apicales bulbosi, leves, ceteris ad suturas multum

* puris, a wrinkle,

from the Persian Gulf, &e. 15

impressis, apud medium fortiter acute angulatis, undique costulis

obliquis decoratis, spiraliter fortiter rudiliratis, ultimo anfractu

etiam apud peripheriam fortiter angulato, et deinde ad basin

liris spiralibus, numero novyem, priedito ; apertura ovata, labro

extus ad medium angulato, columella fere recta,

Long. 3, lat. 1-50 mm.

Hab. Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 56° 54’ E.,

156 fathoms.

Allied to other Pleurotomelle from the same locality—e. g.

P. nereidum, amphitrites, eulimenes, &e. ; but differing from

all in its compact abbreviated-fusiform contour, wrinkled

sculpture, and coarse median angulation. ‘Vhe spiral lire,

too, are coarse and pronounced, proportionately speaking.

Donovania tomi/ini, sp. n. (PI. IT. fig. 26.)

D. testa crassa, breviter et obtuse fusiformi, solidula, ochraceo-

brunnea vel fere nigra; anfractibus 6-7, apice ipso perobtuso,

crasso, interdum quasi-immerso, ceteris longitudinaliter crassi-

costatis, interstitiis intercostalibus levissimis, apud suturas im-

pressis, paullum ventricosis, ultimi costis anfractus numero ad 18,

ad basin spiraliter crassiliratis; apertura anguste ovata, labro

effuso, columella fere recta, canali brevissimo.

Long. 3, lat. 1 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf, Henjam Island.

A good many specimens, collected together in 1906, showing

the species to be gregarious, if local. Superficially it

resembles Cer. tubercularis, Mont., or a Bittium, the colour

varying from ochre-brown to almost black. Thick in sub-

stance, the apical whorls sometimes appearing almost

immersed, causing the small longitudinal ribs of the third

whorl to stand out, just as if placed at the summit of the shell,

while in other examples the apex shows more distinctly and

normally. The aperture is narrowly oval, outer lip effuse,

columella almost straight, canal very short. With it occurred

Pyrgulina callista, Melv., and a small Triphora.

‘his is the second Donovania recorded from these seas.

The first was described under the name of Lachesis bicolor,

Mely.* It gives me much pleasure to name it specifically

after Mr. J. R. le Brockton ‘Tomlin, who is devoting much

time to the study of the smaller Mollusca.

Turris invicta, sp.n. (PI. II. fig. 27.)

T. testa breviter conico-fusiformi, turrita; anfractibus ad 14,

* Mem. Manch, Soe, vol, xlii. part 2, no. 4 (1898), p. 14, pl. i. fig. 17,

16 On Marine Mollusca from the Persian Gulf, ke.

quorum apicalis ipse bulbosus, pervitreus, duo hine proximi

vitrei, arcte longitudinaliter costulati, tertius unicarinatus, carina

crenulata, ceteris apud suturas impressis, spiraliter tornatis,

bicarinatis, carinis regulariter brunneo-maculatis et lineatis,

interstitiis arcte spiraliter liratis, albis, ultimo anfractu multi-

lirato, ad peripheriam fortiter bicarinato, carinis, prasertim

superiore, regulariter brunneo-maculatis, liris omnibus simili

modo ad basin brunneo-lineatis; apertura ovata, labro tenui,

sinu conspicuo, columella recta, canali prolongato.

Long. 32, lat. 6 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf.

Of this fine addition to the Pleurotomide I have only

seen the type specimen, but am informed that others have

been found. This is in very perfect condition, and belongs

to the typical section of the genus, which has been compelled

to have its well-known generic name Pleurotoma, Lam., 1799,

altered, owing to one year’s priority of Zurris only. It

perhaps most resembles the larger and more elongate 7. mar-

morata, Lam., but the abbreviate form distinguishes it at a

glance from both this and other allies. I am especially

indebted to Mr. G. B. Sowerby for first calling my attention

to this species.

Retusa turrigera, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 28.)

R. testa abbreviato-cylindrica, tenui, alba vel pallide straminea,

spira gradata; anfractibus 4, quorum apicalis parvus mamillatus,

subyitreus, ceteris turrigeris, levibus, parum nitidis, ultimo

interdum ad medium constrictulo, interdum normali; apertura

ovata, subtus latiore, labro fere recto.

Long. 2°75, lat. 1°25 mm.

Hab. Persian Gulf, Mussandam.

A compact species, the whorls angularly turreted above,

quite smooth, dull white or straw-coloured, the mouth widened

basally, ovate ; outer lip sometimes, with basal whorl, con-

stricted in the centre, at other times quite normal and straight.

We do not know a near ally, at all events in this fauna.

Lepton orientale, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 29.)

L. testa subsequilaterali, percompressa, explanata, tenui, alba, sub-

pellucente, superficie delicate sed irregulariter concentrice striata,

striis sericatulis, umbonibus prominulis, approximatis, margine

dorsali antice paullum excavato, ventrali prope recto, pagina

interna albo-lactea, cardine normali.

Alt. 3, diam. 4 mm.

Descriptions and Records of Bees.

Hab. Gulf of Oman, lat. 24° 58’ N., long. 86° 51’ E.,

156 fathoms, shell-sand.

A few valves of a small Lepton, not unlike in form to the

British L. sguamosum, Mont.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

CON om toe

Puate I.

. Cyclostrema tredecimlineatum.

( Tubiola) nugatorium.

. Solariella iridifulgens.

. Monilea chiliarches.

Epitonium zatrephes.

schepmani.

. Crosseia alliciens.

. Tetnostoma emmeles,

. Ethalia diotrephes.

. Fluxina stenomphala.

. Rissoa (Apicularia) townsend.

(Serobs) elspethe.

( ) tctriella.

. Obtortio elongella.

. Cerithium trigonostomum.

PuareE II.

. Cerithiopsis eutreta.

. —— henjamensis.

(Setla) ochrolivens.

- Columbella (Seminella) salutaris.

. Mitra (Pusia) geoffreyana.

. Terebra remanalva.

. Mangilia ichthys.

querna,

tetartemoris.

. Pleurotomella rhytismeis.

. Donovania tomlini.

. Turris invicta.

. Retusa turrigera.

. Lepton orientale.

I1.—Deseriptions and Records of Bees—XXX.

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

THE present part is wholly devoted to Australian Prosopi-

dide. After studying a long series of species of Meroglossa

and Paleorhiza, it becomes evident that the latter is at best

a subgenus. An examination of the mouths brings out the

remarkable fact that the males have pointed (dagger-like)

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi.

18 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

tongues, while those of the females are broad and obtuse, as

in Prosopis. Thus the acute and obtuse-tongued bees are

united in a single genus! Another noteworthy feature is a

comb on the first two joints of the maxillary palpi. The

females apparently eat pollen; at least the tongues of Mero-

glossa parallela (Ckll.), MW. penetrata percrassa (CkIl.), and

M. melanura (Ckll.) are full of it. According to Perkins,

Prosopis also eats pollen *.

Meroglossa eucalypti, sp. n.

¢.—Length about 9 mm,

Black and red, with very pale yellow markings; head

black, the cheeks obscurely reddish ; vertex rough and densely

punctured ; front with a median raised line and on each side

of it a broad smooth shining area, rounded and sharply defined

above ; clypeus very prominent, with a very broad deep

sulcus or excavation on each side, a deep trough running

down each side of the face; face of clypeus shallowly trans-

versely concave ; face below antenne pale yellow, except the

supraclypeal area and the inner, almost hidden, part of the

lateral sulci; lateral marks extending upward as broad bands

nearly to level of top of smooth frontal areas, and ending

very obtusely; labrum and mandibles ferruginous ; yellow

colour extending across malar space and as a band halfway

up posterior orbital margins; scape swollen, sausage-shaped,

bright ferruginous; flagellum ferruginous, infuscated above,

except the last joint; thorax strongly and quite closely

punctured, black, with most of the prothorax, and the meso-

thorax except some blackish suffusion posteriorly (extending

about to middle sublaterally), ferruginous; tubercles, small

subquadrate spot beliind, axilla, and two large but widely

separated spots on scutellum all cream-colour; area of meta-

thorax triangular, rough and longitudinally strigose, con-

’ trasting with the adjacent sides of metathorax, which are

covered with greyish-white hair; tegule dark reddish fuscous,

with a cream-coloured spot. Wings clear, nervures dark

fuscous, stigma ferruginous, with a dark margin ; first r.n.

joining first t.-c. Legs dark reddish, with glittering hairs,

small joints of tarsi becoming clear ferruginous ; anterior and

middle femora short and thick. Abdomen well punctured,

chestnut-red and fuscous, the first segment fuscous, base and

apex of second and third suffusedly fuscous; apex broad,

* Another pollen-eater is Psewdomasaris vespoides (Cresson), as was

observed by my wife at Pecos, New Mexico. The pollen eaten is that of

Pentstemon,

Records of Bees. 19

with long projecting bristles ; ventral segments 3 to 5 ciliated

with white hair,

? .—Similar to the male, but the thorax is without red and

the abdomen is either all black or with obscure reddish bands

across the middle of the third and following segments ; the

head also is quite different, being red, strongly suffused with

black above, without light markings, and normal in form,

without facial excavations ; the scape also is ordinary. The

tongue is broad and obtuse, Prosopis-like; that of the single

male has not been extracted, but it isdoubtless pointed. The

hind spurs are simple, black tipped with white; the mandibles

are obtusely bidentate.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner). British Museum.

Both sexes from flowers of Eucalyptus, March 1900

(no. 454); ¢ at flowers of Rosa, April 1899; one ?, May

1900.

Meroglossa sculptissim, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 9 mm.

Similar to MZ, eucalypt?, with the same modification of the

face, but differing thus:—clypeal prominence broader than

long (longer than broad in eucalypt’) ; scape more swollen

and with a blackish mark ; lateral face-marks pointed above ;

malar space black, but a yellowish-white stripe on lower part

of cheeks; light markings of thorax chrome-yellow, the

scutellum all yellow, and the postscutellum yellow except at

sides (suture between them black) ; thorax and abdomen

black without red; venation paler; legs black; apical

bristles of abdomen shorter and finer.

9 .—Like the same sex of M. eucalypt’, but the thoracic

markings differing in colour and form as in the male; first

rn. entering second s.m, (as it does also in the female of

eucalypt?) ; head black, with the region about the mouth dark

reddish ; narrow lateral face-marks, creamy white, extending

from about level of antenne to that of lower end of eye;

apical part of clypeus depressed ; tongue Prosopis-like.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner, 1049). Male at flowers

of Eucalyptus, 1900; females at flowers of Cassia (Dee.

1889) and Rosa (June 1900). British Museum.

Meroglossa lactifera, sp. n.

¢.—Length about 11 mm.

Shining black, with creamy white markings on head, thorax,

and legs; closely similar to A/. penetrata percrassa, but

differing thus :—less robust, the abdomen especially narrower;

20 Mr, T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

face narrower, not excavated; clypeus light except a broad

black stripe down each side, and linear apical margin; supra-

clypeal light mark emarginate above, shaped rather like the

hoof of a deer; lateral marks Jong and narrow, ending in a

point above, at about level of lower side of middle ocellus ;

labrum with a large light patch and a dot on each side of it ;

mandibles dark ; scape black, rather thick but not swollen ;

flagellum obscurely brownish beneath toward the end; as in

percrassa, the prothorax has two light marks above (but they

are shorter), the tubercles are largely light (the light area,

however, notched behind), and the tegule have a light spot,

but there is no light spot behind tubercles; ocelli much

smaller and in a triangle (large and in a curved line in per-

crassa) ; mesothorax shining, with well separated punctures

(more densely punctured in percrassa); axille and post-

scutellum wholly black, but scutellum with a broad median

creamy-white band, narrowing posteriorly; area of meta-

thorax larger than in percrassa, with a very prominent trans-

verseridge. Apical half of wings distinctly smoky ; nervures

strong and dark; b.n. meeting t.-m. (falling short of it in

percrassa); first r.n. entering second s.m. very near base (at

least twice as far from base in percrassa); second r.n. going

beyond end of second s.m. (entering it near end in percrassa).

Hind spurs strongly curved (longer and little curved in per-

crassa). Second abdominal segment very sparsely punctured

on disk, its extreme base with appressed white hair ; ventral

surface of thorax with much white hair; second ventral

segment of abdomen covered with white hair, the following

ones with dark fuscous or black. The type specimen carries

several pollen-bodies of an Asclepiad attached to its mouth.

? .—Similar to the male, with the same peculiar venation

face broader, the markings reduced to three linear stripes,

the supraclypear mark broader than upper part of clypeal

stripe; prothorax with a pair of cuneiform white marks

above ; tubercles black, with a variable small light spot ;

tegulz with a hardly perceptible spot; scutellar mark reduced

to a small triangle on anterior middle. The legs are black

without light markings, whereas in the male the anterior and

middle femora have large light marks, the anterior tibie are

light in front, and the other tibize carry apical and basal spots.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, May 1900, both sexes (Turner,

1048) ; also a female from Cairns, “ Kur. 1. 02” (Turner).

British Museum.

Records of Bees. 21

Meroglossa penetrata percrassa (Ckll.).

3d .—Similar to the female, but face deeply channelled on

each side as far down as middle of clypeus ; clypeus with a

very broad median cream-coloured stripe; a triangular supra-

clypeal mark, sharply pointed above; linear lateral face-

marks, beginning near level of middle of clypeus, gradually

broadening above, ending a little above level of middle of

front ; scape black, swollen; flagellum ferruginous beneath ;

thoracic markings as in female, but clypeal mark reduced to

a triangle on posterior margin. Legs without light markings,

but anterior tibiz largely ferruginous in front; venter with

seanty pale glittering hair, apical dorsal segments with black,

Wings clear.

For other characters see under M. lactifera,

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner, “273?”), May

1899, at flowers of Xanthorrhea.

Meroglossa turneriana kurandensis (CkIl.).

A male from Cooktown, Oct. 1902, has legs marked as in

true turnertana, and supraclypeal mark wholly wanting. The

metathorax and hind femora and tibiz are shining lilac.

This was collected by Mr. Turner, and is in the British

Museum.

Meroglossa turneriana viridimutans, subsp. n.

? .—Like the same sex of M. turnertana (CkIl.), with no

light markings on face, but Prussian green instead of blue,

with lilac tints here and there (variable) on face, thorax

above, and first abdominal segment; the hind tibie, seen

from behind, are shining purple.

This has a distinct appearance, but is only a local race ;

some females of AL. turneriana from Mackay have the thorax

green,

Hlab. Port Darwin, Nov. and Dec. 1902 (Turner). British

Museum.

A series of male M. turneriana obtained by Mr. Turner at

Mackay and (one specimen) Cairns shows considerable varia-

bility in colour. Some have the thorax strongly suffused

with lilac, and the vertex may be entirely green. ‘The

Mackay specimens were taken in August, January, February,

and March. ‘The species shows the usual JMeroglossa

dimorphism in the tongue.

22 Mr, T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Meroglossa baudinensis (Ckll.).

The tongue of Prosopis baudinensis has not been examined,

but from its evident affinities the insect must be a Meroglossa.

A new locality is Port Darwin, Dec. 1902 (Turner).

Meroglossa reginarum (Ckll.).

The male closely resembles the female, but the face is

narrower. The wings are quite conspicuously dusky and

the tubercles are with or without a small light spot.

Taken by Mr. Turner at Mackay, April 1900, at flowers of

Xanthorrhwa. (No. 621.)

Meroglossa perviridis cassicefloris, subsp. n.

? .—Length a little over 10 mm. ; expanse about 18.

Agrees with perviridis in nearly all respects, but- larger,

with all the light markings creamy white and the flagellum

dark, faintly brownish beneath. It is very like M. reginarum,

but averaging a little larger and more robust, and easily

separated by its green colour and perfectly clear wings.

Hab. Mackay, Dec. 1899, at flowers of Cassia (Turner,

270). Also two collected May 1900. British Museum.

The original type of reginarum was numbered 270, but in

the present collection reginzarum is 621.

Meroglossa luxuriosa, sp. n.

? .—Length about 12 mm. ; expanse 183.

Brilliant green, at first sight similar to M. perviridis cassie-

floris, but easily separated as follows:—Face broader ;

creamy white face-maikings reduced to a narrow band along

each eye and a spot between antenne ; no light stripe along

posterior orbits; mesothorax dullish, densely punctured ;

scutellum much more closely punctured; middle of area of

metathorax rugose. Legs without light markings. Wings

distinctly dusky, especially in apical field.

This is in reality nearest to M. varicolor, from which it

differs by being larger, without the varied rose-purple tints

(the face is often flushed with purple), while the border of

the prothorax is wholly green. The thorax is entirely

without light markings.

3 .—Similar to the female, but smaller and more slender ;

yeilower green ; face narrower, with a cream-coloured triangle

on apical part of clypeus; mandibles with a cream-coloured

stripe and labrum with a small spot ; scape with a minute

Records of Bees. 23

pale line ; posterior orbits not striped ; thorax without light

markings; area of metathorax strongly purple, rugose in

middle; apex of abdomen with a pair of minute contiguous

spines.

Hab, Cairns, Queensland (Turner). British Museum.

“ Kur., 2. 02, 3. 02, and 4. 02.”

The tongue shows the same sexual dimorphism as in the

other species.

Meroglossa perkinsi, Ckll.

3 .—Length about 74 mm.

Resembling the female, except as follows :—Face narrower,

the three light bands occupying much more space, so that the

face below the antennze may be said to be light, with a broad

dark band extending from each antenna down the sides (not

quite to the apex) of the clypeus; scape light in front ;

tubercles, upper border of prothorax narrowly, and a large

triangle on each side light ; mesothorax with scarcely visible

traces of two pale lines; scutellum and postscutellum each

with a conspicuous light band on each side, the scutellar

bands also projected forwards as a slight pale line on poste-

rior lateral edge of mesothorax ; a broken light band on

pleura, extending backward from tubercles. These light

markings are reddish in the specimen described, but appa-

rently altered from yellow by cyanide.

One specimen from Cooktown, Nov. 1902 (Turner).

British Museum.

Meroglossa varicolor eboracina, subsp. n.

3 -—Metallic Prussian green, similar to M. varicolor, but

face-marks greatly developed, the face below antenne all

light except linear clypeal sutures, and a small triangle below

each antennal socket ; supraclypeal mark extending as a

band up to middle ocellus; a broad light stripe along posterior

orbital margins ; tubercles, a square spot behind, and a small

spot below light, as also upper border of prothorax ; scutellum

with a broad light stripe on each side, and a fine line, inter-

rupted in middle, along hind margin; postscutellum light,

with a broad basal green triangle. Wings dusky. ‘lhe

last three ventral segments have erect dark fuscous hair.

Hab, Cape York, May 1902 (Turner). British Museum.

M. varicolor from Mackay, Dee. 1900 (Turner), ¢, has

the scape white in front (it is dark in g reginarum) and head

and thorax with much rose-purple colour,

24 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Meroglossa denticauda, sp. n.

@.—Length about 1] mm.; expanse 17}.

Head and thorax black, with bright chrome-yellow marks ;

abdomen piceous, with a broad suffused red band on_first

segment and a red suffusion at bases of second and third and

an oblong pale yellow mark on each side of second ; face

narrow, inner orbital margins with a strong double curve ;

front densely and coarsely punctured; face below antenne

all deep chrome-yellow, except an elongate cuneiform brown

mark on each side of clypeus, very narrow lower edge of

clypeus, and a narrow black border round supracly peal mark:

supraclypeal mark extending upwards as a band to middle

ocellus ; lateral marks extending upwards as bands along

orbits, gradually narrowing to a point at level of lateral

ocelli; malar space black; posterior orbits bounded by a

yellow band, failing below; labrum and mandibles each with

a yellow spot; scape slender, yellow in front and reddish

behind ; flagellum dark above, dull yellowish beneath, except

the fourth antennal joint, which is dark; mesothorax very

densely, strongly, and coarsely punctured, reddish black, with

a pair of very narrow dull yellow lines, not reaching anterior

or posterior margins, and a slight yellow mark on each side

above tegule; upper border of prothorax, tubercles, band

(dull) on pleura extending downwards from tubercles, scutel-

Jum (except a median brown line), and postscutellum all

yellow ; area of metathorax strongly fluted and with a yellowish

mark on each side; femora dark reddish, the middle pair

quite bright red behind ; tibiz and tarsi yellow, suffused with

reddish; hind tibie with the basal two-fitths canary-yellow

and the rest light ferruginous; tegule subbyaline, with a

yellow spot. Wings strongly orange-tinted, stigma and

nervures amber-colour; b. n. falling barely short of t.-m. ;

first rn. entering apical corner of first s.m.; second r. n.

reaching second s.m. a short distance before the apex; second

s.m. about as broad above as below; abdomen finely punctured ;

apex with two triangular teeth, forming a W margin, and

laterally with well-developed dark cerci, minutely hairy at

end. The tongue of the unique type male has not been

extracted, but the insect is evidently a Meroglossa related to

M. melanura (CkIl.).

9 .—Similar to the male, but differing as follows :—Face

equally narrow, but the markings reduced to three narrow

stripes, extending its whole length from the level of the

anterior ocellus; labrum and mandibles not light-spotted ;

scape ferruginous ; thoracic markings the same, but stripe

Records of Bees. 25

below tubercles reduced to a small spot, and a small spot

behind tubercles, and the scutellum without a dark line ;

abdomen black, with two red spots on first segment, a trans-

verse yellow mark on each side of second, and two large

transverse marks on third in the subdorsal region ; legs

coloured as in the male.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner). British Museum.

The male is no. 695, Feb. 1892; the female no. 404,

May 1900.

Prosopis serotinella (Ckll.).

I am indebted to Mr. R. E. Turner for three females from

Mackay, two from flowers of Cassia, Dec. 1899, one from

Eugema, Nov. 1899. In the original type of Prosopisteron

serotinellum it appeared that the stigma was enormously

enlarged, invading the whole of the marginal cell; but the

new specimens clearly show that this was merely due to

extreme infuscation, as the stigma can be seen with its usual

‘boundary, the marginal cell beyond in the Cassia specimens

being very distinctly paler. The mouth-parts are those of

Prosopis ; the maxillary blade is very broad, broadly rounded

apically, with many bristles, not suddenly narrowed in the

apical region as it is in the European P. confusa. (The

American P, astnina is intermediate between P. serotinella

and P. confusa in regard to the maxillary blade.)

The name Prosopisteron cannot have more than subgeneric

or sectional value.

Prosopis chrysaspis, Ckll., var. a.

? —Flagellum dark ; nervures and stigma piceous.

Hab. Victoria(C. F.). Turuer Collection, British Museum.

Prosopis nubilosa, Smith.

Victoria (C. F.). Turner Collection, British Museum.

Prosopis nubilosa subnubilosa, subsp. n.

¢.—Lateral face-marks broader, touching supraclypeal

area ; no distinct dark cloud in apical region of wing ; first

r. n. entering extreme base of second s.m.

Hab. Mackay, May 1900 (Turner, 271).

Prosopis eugsniella, sp. n.

9 —Length 34-4 mm.

Black, very minutely punctured, with the following parts

26 Mr. TI’. D, A, Cockerell—Descriptions and

cream-coloured: bow-shaped lateral face-marks, going a

short distance above antenne, mandibles except apex, some-

times two short lines on upper border of prothorax, spot on

tegulze, knees, anterior tibiw in front, middle tibiae except a

large dark mark behind, and basal half of hind tibia. Tarsi

yellowish white, with the small joints becoming reddish ;

flagellum ferruginous beneath. Wings clear, iridescent, the

large stigma and the nervures brown; first s.m. very long,

receiving first r. n. near its apex. Runs in my table to 33,

and may there be easily separated by its minute size.

Hab. Mackay, Nov. 1899, at flowers of Eugenia, four 2s

(Zurner, 862) ; also one, Nov. 1893. Three are in British

Museum ; two in my collection, thanks to Mr. Turner.

(The numbers cited in this and other cases refer merely to

the specimens before me. Of many of the species I saw long

series in Mr, Turner’s collection when at the British Museum

last year.)

Prosopis microphenax, sp. n.

3 .—Length slightly over 4 mm.

Black, very minutely punctured, with pale lemon-yellow

clypeus, Jabrum, and large cuneiform lateral marks, the last

broadly truncate above at lower level of antennal sockets,

which produce a concavity in the edge of the yellow; no

supraclypeal mark ; mandibles obscurely pallid ;_ tubercles

pale edged ; flagellum dull ferruginous beneath ; tegule dark

brown ; nervures and stigma brown; tarsi, anterior tibige in

front, and basal third of hind tibie light ; middle tibiz short

and black; area of metathorax shining, superficially like

P. cugeniella, but the venation is quite different ; the wings

also are dusky at the apex. ‘The second s.m. is large, broader

than high, and the firstr. n, joins the first t.-c. ; in eugenzella

the second s.m. is much higher than broad. The mesothorax

is more coarsely roughened than in eugenzella, and it and the

dark parts of the head are a pure black, whereas these parts

in ewgeniella are seen by comparison to be a greenish black.

Hab. Mackay, March 1900 (Zurner). British Museum.

This runs to the same place in the table as eugeniella.

Prosopis microphenax, Ckll., var. a.

¢ .—Length almost 5 mm.

‘lubercles broadly yellow, with a dark dot; postscutellum

with a small yellow spot. ‘This runs in the table next to

P. frederici, var., but is easily separated by the small size and

black scutellum.

Records of Dees. 27

Hab. Mackay, December 1899, at flowers of Cassia

(Turner). British Museum.

Prosopis infans, sp. n. (microphenaz, var.?).

3d .—Length 4 mm. or slightly over.

Black, similar to P. microphenax, but face narrower ;

mesothorax more minutely punctured (not so rough); scutel-

lum with a large light central patch, postscutellum with a

small mark ; first r. n. joining drat t.-c. as in microphenax

type (in microphenaw var. a it enters base of second s.m.).

This is perhaps only a variety of P. microphenax.

Hab. Mackay, Jan. 1900 (Turner). British Museum.

Runs in the table to 52, where it is separated by its small

size.

Prosopis constrictiformis, sp. n.

é.—Runs to P. constricta in table, and is only a little

over 4 mm. long, with the abdomen dark beyond the base of

the third segment. It is easily separated from constricta by

the much larger punctures of the mesothorax, and by the

character of the metathorax, which has the enclosure triangu-

lar and strongly ridged, and has no strong lateral keels.

The pleura has very large well-separated punctures, whereas

in constricta it appears minutely roughened. The antennz

are long ; the scape in front and the flagellum beneath bright

ferruginous, First r. n. entering extreme base of second s.m.

Hab. Cooktown, Oct. 1902 (Turner). British Museum.

Prosopis nigropersonata, sp. n.

9? .—Length about 7 mm.

Robust, head and thorax black, abdomen dark steel-blue ;

head without light markings; the thick upper margin of

prothorax, and the tubercles, bright orange, but the rest of

the thorax dark; legs black, with scanty short silvery hairs ;

clypeus sericeous, sparsely and feebly punctured; flagellum

ferruginous beneath ; mesothorax and scutellum densely and

strongly punctured; pleura strongly punctured ; area of

metathorax broad-triangular, shining, strongly irregularly

wrinkled ; sides of metathorax with short white pile ; tegula

black. Wings clear, nervures and stigma dark brown; second

s.m. long, very much broader than high, receiving first r. n.

at its extreme basal corner; abdomen short, very finely

punctured. Runs in the table to 12, and runs out on account

of the medium size and black face.

Hab, Mackay, March 1892 and Dec. 1900 (Turner, 854).

British Museum.

28 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Prosopis cyanophila, sp. n.

é .—Length about 6 mm.

Slender, head and thorax black, abdomen dark steel-blue ;

face below antenne entirely deep lemon-yellow, the upper

edge of the yellow straight, except in the middle, where the

supraclypeal mark projects in the form of a triangle;

mandibles red at apex; scape yellow in front; flagellum

bright ferruginous beneath; front densely punctured; meso-

thorax and scutellum finely and closely punctured ; upper

border of prothorax and tubercles bright lemon-yellow, no

other yellow on thorax; area of metathorax coarsely tuber-

culate, its lateral margins with more or less of a double curve ;

tegule piceous. Wings clear, faintly dusky apically, stigma

and nervures dark brown ; second s.m. very broad, receiving

first r. n. a short distance from its base. Legs brownish black,

anterior tibiee yellow in front, hind tibia with a cream-

coloured spot beneath at base; basitarsus cream-coloured,

brown at apex, small tarsal joints brown; abdomen elongate,

very finely punctured, no ventral tubercles. Runs in table

to same place as P. nigropersonata, but cannot be its male,

the thoracic sculpture being very much finer.

Hab. Mackay, March 1900 (Turner, 335). Brit. Museum.

Prosopis xanthopoda, sp. n.

? —Length about or nearly 6 mm.

Black, head and thorax very finely punctured; lateral

face-marks broad, deep chrome-yellow, sharply pointed below,

truncate above, some distance above antenna ; scape with a

yellow stripe in front; flagellum very short, ferruginous

beneath ; swollen upper border of prothorax, and tubercles,

the two uniting, brilliant orange; no other yellow on thorax ;

area of metathorax shining, coarsely irregularly wrinkled ;

tegule brown. Wings hyaline, nervures and stigma brown;

second s.m. large, about as high as breadth at base, receiving

first r. n. at basal corner. Legs black, with apical third of

anterior femora, whole of middle and hind femora, except

extreme base, anterior and middle tibize except some brown

at apex, and whole of hind tibie, bright orange-yellow ;

abdomen short and broad, very finely punctured. Runs in

table to P. amicula, Sm., which it greatly resembles, differing

at once, however, by the remarkable colour of the legs.

g .—Similar to the female, but rather less robust (though

more robust than @ primulipicta); face below antenne

smooth, entirely yellow, the yellow at sides extending up-

wards in the form of a hand with the index finger pointed,

Records of Bees. 29

and in the middle line as a low triangular (supraclypeal)

projection, truncate apically ; scape a little swollen, entirely

bright yellow; legs yellow except the trochanters, coxw, and

hind femora, which are black, the hind femora having a smal!

yellow spot at apex ; first r. n. entering extreme corner of

first s.m. ; third ventral segment of abdomen with a pair of

small tubercles, but no ridge between.

Hab. Victoria, 22, 1d (C. F.). Turner Collection,

British Museum.

The male runs near to P. bituberculata, Sm., and bidentata,

Sm., but is easily separated by the entirely yellow tibie and

tarsi.

Prosopis cassie, sp. 0.

? .—Length about 8 mm.

Robust, red and black, with cream-coloured markings on

head and thorax ; head and thorax strongly punctured, the

punctures of mesothorax very large, irregularly placed,

well separated ; head large, red, with broad (semicircular in

outline) dull yellow lateral marks on face; antennz red, the

flagellum dusky above toward apex ; tongue as in Prosopis ;

thorax black, with two marks on prothorax above, tubercles,

small crescent behind, scutellum (except anteriorly, where

the pale colour is trilobed by the sublateral incursion of the

black) and postscutellum (except sides) all cream-colour ;

legs dark, the anterior tibia clear ferruginous in front;

Sa dark rufo-fuscous, with a small white spot in front.

ings clear, nervures and stigma brown; b.n. falling short

of t.-m.; first r. n. meeting first t.-c.; second r. n. joining

second s.m. near apex. Abdomen dark chestnut-red with a

faint purplish lustre ; first segment quite dark, with a sub-

apical red band; venter blackish.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner, 861). Brit. Museum.

At flowers of Cassia (Dec. 1899), Eugenia (Nov. 1899), and

Xanthorrhaa (April 1899).

Differs from all other species by its red head and abdomen,

light face-marks, and cream-coloured thoracic markings.

Prosopis amata, Ckll.

Mackay, Queensland, March 1900 ( Turner, 1050).

Prosopis pachygnatha, sp. n.

? —Length 8} mm.

Kuns in my table of Australian Prosopis to 19, and runs

out because lateral face-marks are roughly foot-shaped, the

30 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

clypeus has dense punctiferous grooves, and the mesothorax

is strongly and very densely punctured, though not so

coarsely as in P.amata. The light markings are lemon-

yellow, not deep orange as in P. amata. Head and thorax

black, abdomen dark shining purple; no light markings on

head except the long subtriangular lateral marks, which are

variable in size ; scape black ; flagellum ferruginous beneath ;

tongue normal for Prosopis; mandibles broad and_ thick,

tridentate; the yellow marks on thorax consist of upper

border of prothorax (interrupted in middle), tubercles, a

broad but rather short transverse stripe on hinder part of

scutellum, and a subquadrate patch on postscutellum; area

of metathorax coarsely ridged; tegule piceous. Wings

hyaline, stigma and nervures reddish brown; b. n. arched,

falling short of t.-m.; first r.n. entering apical corner of

first s.m.; legs black, the tarsi conspicuously pale-haired ;

abdomen delicately punctured.

Hab. Cooktown (type locality), Oct. 1904 (Turner) ;

Mackay, May 1900 (Turner). British Museum.

Prosopis aleyonea, Erichs., 3.

Cumberland, New South Wales (Turner). Brit. Museum.

Prosopis disjuncta, Ckll.

This is not a Meroglossa; the tongue is Prosopiform in

both sexes. The female, hitherto undescribed, resembles the

male, but the clypeus is without light colour, and the legs are

without yellow markings. Females are ‘l'urner’s 1051, from

Mackay; three, Nov. 1899, are from flowers of Hugenia.

Both sexes are from flowers of Xanthorrhewa, May 1899.

In my table ¢ disjuncta runs to P. albonitens, from which it

is easily separated by its larger size.

Prosopis amiculiformis, Ckll.

This species was described from the female. The male

(Mackay, April and May 1900, one at flowers of Xanthor-

rhea; Turner, 620), runs in my table to P. primulipicta,

differing thus :—

Larger; face pale yellow, lateral marks ending in a

point about halfway between level of antennz

and top Of G70 2115.54. ts-salas\yis sam 2B SAAN Be amiculiformis,

Smaller; face deeper yellow, lateral marks not going

nearly so far up (Mackay, May 1900; Turner,714). primulipicta.

The face of male amiculiformis is shining, and the scape

Mr. A. O. Walker—Notes on Amphipoda. 3t

has a yellow mark in front; the anterior and middle tibiz

are yellow in front, and the hind tibia is yellow at base. A

female amiculiformis is from flowers of Eucalyptus.

Prosopis constricta, Ckll.

Mackay, May 1899, at flowers of Xanthorrhaa (Turner).

P. subplebeia, Ckll., and P. coronata, Ckil., were taken by

Turner at Mackay, November 1891. A small example of

P. constricta (Mackay, Nov. 1891) has clear ferruginous

tegulz, but it is evidently only a variety.

I11.—Notes on Amphipoda.

By Aurrep O. WALKER, F.L.S., F.Z.S.

Stenothoé validus, Dana.

Ty 1853 Dana described the above species from Rio Janeiro

as having the second joint of the third pereopods expanded

like that of the fourth and fifth pairs, instead of linear as in

the first and second. Since that time about twenty other

species have been added to the genus, but without an excep-

tion, so far as is known, these have the second joint of the

third pereopods narrow or linear. In the Amphipoda

Gammaridea of ‘ Das Tierreich’ this feature forms one of the

characters of the genus, an exception being made in favour of

S. validus. The question therefore arises, Did Dana make a

mistake in stating that the joint in question was similar to

that of the next two pairs? It should be borne in mind that

this joint can only be seen by removing the large side-plate

of the fourth segment, and that dissection was not so common

in those days as now; that the genus was new; and that the

probability, judging from the structure of the majority of

species of Amphipoda, was that the third peraopods should

resemble the fourth pair rather than the second.

The possibility of such a mistake having been made by

Dana is shown by the errors of other systematists in describing

this or allied species of Stenothoé. Thus:—

(1) Spence Bate (Cat. Amph. Brit. Mus. p. 60), having

copied Dana’s definition of the genus, which says that “ ‘The

basos of the antepenultimate pair of pereiopoda is squami-

formly developed,” includes S$. elypeata, Stimpson (Mar.

Invert. Grand Manan, p. 51), and figures the third peraeopod

32 Mr. A, O. Walker—Wotes on Amphipoda.

in accordance with it (/. c. p. 60, pl. ix. fig. 1), regardless of

Stimpson’s statement, “‘ Legs of the 5th pair [7.e. 3rd perzo-

pods] wanting the expansions of the basal joints.” Anexam-

ination of Bate’s type specimens at the British Museum, kindly

made by Dr. W. 'T. Calman, proves Stimpson to be right.

(2) Prof. Della Valle, in his description of S. valida, Dana,

in F, Fl. Neapel (Gammarini), p. 567, says that the jifth and

sivth pairs of thoracic legs (third and fourth perseopods) have

the sguama rather large, thus apparently confirming Dana.

But on being asked at my instance, by the good offices of

Dr. P. Mayer, if this was correct, he replied that it was a

lapsus calamt, and ought to have been sixth and seventh pairs,

in proof of which he kindly sent me, through Dr. Mayer,

drawings of the three pairs of perseopods, showing the second

joint of the third pair narrow as in the first and second.

(3) In Rep. Ceylon Pearl Fisheries, vol. 11. p. 262, pl. iii.

fig. 19, I described Stenothoé gallensis, a species differing

from S. valida only in the absence of a distal tooth on the

palm of the second gnathopod in the female and a peculiarly

formed second joint in the ramus of the third uropod of the

adult male. Unfortunately in describing from a mounted

specimen of which the limbs were displaced, I mistook, and

consequently described and figured, the fourth perzeopod for

the third. This was corrected in Trans. Linn. Soc., 2nd ser.

Zool. 1909, vol. xii. p. 8331. The second joint of the third

peropod is “linear” or narrow-oblong, as in the first and

second pairs.

If the view be accepted that Dana was mistaken in his

description of the third pereopod, then to the list of synonyms

in the Amphipoda of ‘ Das Tierreich? must be added Stenothoé

assimilis, Chevreux, Bull. de I’Inst. Océanograph. Monaco,

1908, Mars. p. 4, figs. 4-6. |

I have examined specimens from the coast of Peru from

the U.S. Nat. Museum, Washington, which agree perfectly

with Dana’s description except as regards the third pereopods,

which are linear.

Genus Hemisassa, A. O. Walker, Nat. Antarct. Exped.

vol. iii. p. 38.

Hemijassa ocius (Sp. Bate).

Like Jassa, but uropod 3 not projecting beyond 1 and 2.

and having the outer ramus without secondary teeth or curved

splines.

Mr. A. O. Walker—Notes on Amphipoda. 33

For references see ‘Das Tierreich,’ Amphipoda Gam.

pp. 655 & 739, under Jassa octus; also Chevreux, Résult.

Camp. Monaco, p. 107.

H., ocius is well described in the ‘ Tierreich’ Gammaridea

and well figured by Della Valle, whose figure of gnatho-

pod 2 ¢ is erroneously marked “ ?,’’ but correctly referred

to in the text. To the characters given by various authors

may be added the following :-—

Antenna 1: the accessory flagellum is so thin that when

closely applied to the joint, as it usually is, it can only be

distinguished by the fringe of unequal sete on its truncate

extremity.

Gnathopod 2: the palm is so densely clothed with plumose

sete that it is difficult to see its structure.

Podocerus (Jassa?) dentex, Czerniavski, is referred to

HT. ocius by Della Valle and Chevreux, while Stebbing

(Tierreich Gamm.) gives it as a distinct species and identifies

it with Podocerus herdmani, Walker (=P. odontonyx, G. O.

Sars). As Czerniavski does not describe the uropods, it is

impossible to be certain on this question, but he says that

the accessory flagellum of antenna 1 is “ rudimentary ”—a

character that suits H. ocius better than J. herdmani. His

description of the hand of gnathopod 2 with ‘‘ dentibus duobus

posteriortbus magnis”’ (two large posterior teeth) agrees

perfectly with LH. oc‘us, while a reference to Sars’s figure of

Podocerus odontonye (=Jassa herdmani) in Crust. Norway,

pl. ecexiiil. fig. 2, will show that this species has only one

posterior tooth, which I have never known to be bifid. As

to the question of the distinctness of J. herdmani from J. fal-

cata (Montagu),=J. pulchella, Leach, see Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. ser. 6, vol. xv. p. 473, and Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc.

vol, ix. p. 314; also Norman & Scott, Crust. Devon and

Cornwall, p. 92.

The Genus Leptocheirus.

This has hitherto been classed with the Photide. I venture

to suggest that its proper position is in the Aoride, with

which it is connected by such forms as Coremapus versicu-

latus (Bate) and Lembos leptochetrus, A. O. W. (trans. Linn.

Soc., 2nd ser. Zool. vol. xii. (1909) p. 338, pl. xliii. fig. 7).

The first gnathopods, though not (except in L. cornu-auret,

Sovinski) longer, are certainly stronger than the second.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 3

34 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on new

1V.— Some new Late Pleistocene Voles and Lemmings.

By Martin A. C. Hinton.

As some considerable time will elapse before my work dealing

with the British Fossil Voles and Lemmings can be published,

and as some of the Late Pleistocene forms throw considerable

light upon certain problems of geographical distribution at

present confronting zoologists, it seems advisable to publish

the following diagnoses. I have, firstly, to thank Mr. W. J.

Lewis Abbott, Dr. Frank Corner, Mr. A.S. Kennard, Dr. H.C.

Male, and the Rev. E. Mullins for the loan of material,

Mr. Oldfield Thomas for the facilities he has kindly afforded

for examining the recent material in the British Museum, and

Mr. Gerrit 8. Miller for much valuable assistance and advice.

Arvicola abbott?, sp. n., foss.

Type.—Av adult skull in the collection of Mr. Lewis

Abbott from the Ightham Fissures (Late Pleistocene).

Characters.—Size large (condylo-basal length of adult

skull 41°0 mm.). Skull showing extreme fossorial specializa-

tion; incisors straightened and protruding, the straightening

far more pronounced than in any living member of the

A. scherman group ; incisive foramina very small ; postorbital

squamosal crests very weak; occiput, in adults, sloping

forwards conspicuously, the interparietal becoming reduced and

its posterior margin boldly convex instead of nearly straight;

lambdoid crest markedly sinuous and ridge for ligamentum

nuche prominent ; mesopterygoid fossa very narrow, postero-

lateral palatal pits extensive, the fosse for origin of ptery-

goideus internus muscle correspondingly increased in exten-

sion; mandible with very small angular process, the incisor

root ascending nearly to condyle and making a strong hump

externally ; molar teeth very light, enamel pattern substan-

tially as in A. amphibius.

Measurements.—Type skull: condylo-basal length 41 mm.;

zygomatic breadth 25:2; interorbital constriction 4°8 ; occi-

pital depth (median) 10°71; diasteme 14:0; molar series

(alveolar) 9°5; condyle to alveolus of last molar 15°6.

Specimens ecamined.—F our complete and about a dozen

fragmentary skulls from the Ightham Fissures.

ftemarks.— A. abbotti is of great interest, since it affords

the highest expression of that fossorial specialization which

is seen beginning in the Scandinavian A. terrestris, and

which is well developed in the A. scherman group of Central

Late Pleistocene Voles and Lemmings 35

and Southern Europe *. It is distinguished from the living

members of the latter group not only by its more highly

specialized occipital region, but by the greater specialization

of the pterygoid region and its larger size. So far as is

known, the species is confined to the latest portion of the

Pleistocene period in Britain, and has hitherto only been

found in the deposits of the Ightham Fissures.

Microtus cornert, sp. n., foss.

Type.—An adult skull in the collection of Dr. Frank Corner

from the Izhtham Fissures (Late Pleistocene).

Characters.—Skull essentially as in M. orcadensis and its

allies; masals and maxillary tooth-row a little shorter,

diasteme a little longer proportionally than in any of the

living members of the group ; incisors a little straighter and

more protruding than in J/. orcadensis; upper surface of

superior ramus of maxillary root of zygoma thickened, fusi-

form expansion of maxilla and jugal more extensive than

in VW. orcadensis and sandayensis ;. interparietal shorter in

proportion to width than in adult M. orcadensis, the adult

M. cornert presenting the interparietal form of young

M. orcadensis; brain-case differing from that of MZ. orca-

densis in being somewhat narrower and more depressed, from

M. sandayensis in being considerably narrower, and from

that of M. sarnius in being proportionally broader, Taking

the distance from interorbital constriction to. lambdoid crest

as 100, the breadth of the brain-case at front edge of squa-

mosal root of zygoma amounts to

95 in M. sandayensis westre. Type, B. M.

93 in M. sandayensis. B. M. 6.11. 18. 9.

90 in M. orcadensis. B. M. 5. 12. 13. 2.

85 in M. corneri. Type.

78 in M. sarnius. B. M. g;8.9. 2.27. Type.

‘he constricted interorbital region is shorter than in

M. oreadensis, almost exactly as in M. sandayensis; molar

teeth of normal arvalis pattern, very light.

Measurements.—'l'y peskull: condylo-basal length 28°8 mm.;

zygomatic breadth 16°5 ; interorbital constriction 3°6; occi-

pital breadth 13°0 ; occipital depth (median) 7:0; nasal 7-9;

diasteme 9°1 ; maxillary tooth-row 6:2.

Specimens examined.—One perfect and more than a dozen

fragmentary skulls, including one example from the Lang-

with Cave, Derbyshire; the others from the Ightham

Fissures.

* Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. of Washington, 1910, March, Pp: 19-22.

36 Mr. M. A. C. Hinton on new

Remarks.—In view of what Dr. Forsyth Major has stated

on a previous occasion *, it is exceedingly satisfactory to find

a Pleistocene forerunner of J. orcadensis upon the British

mainland. In turn it may be stated that the existence of

another member of the same group in the Channel Islands,

M. sarnius t, seems to indicate that we received J/. cornert

from France. At Ightham we find in addition skulls of a

smaller member of the arvalis group possessing close affinity

with the /. arvalis of Belgium, and this I think came to

Britain by another route—across the bed of the North Sea—

during the last great elevation of North-western Europe in

very late Pleistocene times. This subject is more fully

dealt with in a paper shortly to be published in the ‘ Pro-

ceedings of the Geologists’ Association.’

Microtus anglicus, sp. n., foss.

Type-—A nearly perfect adult skull in the collection of

Dr. Frank Corner from the Ightham Fissures (Late Pleisto-

cene).

Characters.—Skull essentially as in the Asiatic ‘‘ Steno-

cranius”’ group of Kastchenko, long and narrow; rostrum

long, broader than interorbital region; interorbital region

greatly constricted, the temporal ridges in adults meeting

early to form a long well-detined saggital crest; zygomatic

arches heavy and, for ‘ Stenocranius,” flaring ; postorbital

(squamosal) processes prominent ; brain-case shorter than in

extreme ‘ Stenocranius;” interparietal large, rather long

antero-posteriorly ; diasteme long; incisors protruding be-

yond nasal tips ; palate narrow, boldly sculptured with deep

postero-lateral pits and very narrow median septum.

Dentition : maxillary molars having the general pattern of

M. arvalis group; mandibular molars, the anterior one with

five closed triangles as usual, the fourth outer angle greatly

reduced, so that the external border of anterior loop is

perfectly straight typically ; antero-external triangle of last

lower molar greatly reduced ; enamel sheet in all molars well

differentiated, the thin portions, forming posterior walls of

prisms of lower and anterior walls of piisms in upper molars,

frequently obsolete.

* Forsyth Major, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. xv. 1905, p. 324.

+ Miller, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. iii. 1909, p. 420. The

type of M. sarnius is very old and its skull very narrow. Mr. Miller was

led accordingly to regard the species as a member of the M&M. agrestis

group. Further materia] has turned up, and Mr. Miller now fully agrees

with the view expressed above as to the affinity of this form.

Late Pleistocene Voles and Lemmings. 37

Measurements.—Type skull: condylo-basal length 26°9 mm. ;

zygomatic breadth 14°0; interorbital constriction 2°7 ; occi-

pital breadth 11:9 ; occipital depth (median) 6:4; nasal 71;

diasteme 8°7 ; molar series (alveolus) 6°4.

Specimens examined.—Two nearly perfect and a very large

series of imperfect skulls from the Ightham Fissures and

numerous specimens from other Late Pleistocene deposits.

Remarks.—This species has long been known to palon-

tologists as a conspicuous element in the Late Pleistocene

fauna of Western Europe, and they have hitherto followed

the lead of Nehring in referring it to M. gregalis of Pallas.

The skull-measurements given by Pallas show that whatever

the impeifectly known J. gregalis may be it certainly has

little to do with the fossil animal. The zygomatic and

occipital breadths, when compared with the skull-length taken

as 100, amount to 45°5 and 36:4 respectively in M. gregalis,

and to 52°0 and 44:2 in AM. anglicus. Among the living

species of “ Stenocranius” of which I have seen skulls or

descriptions AM. tianshanicus, Biichner, appears to make the

nearest approach to J. anglicus in skull and dentition ; it

differs principally in the narrower palate, narrower and

shorter rostrum, and lighter zygomatic arches.

Dicrostonyx henseli, sp. n., foss.

Type.—A perfect adult skull in the collection of Mr. Lewis

Abbott from the Ightham [issures.

Characters.—Size small. Skull: dorsal outline gently

convex; combined nasal width little more than a third of

nasal length; zygomatic arches flaring more than in JD. tor-

quatus (Discovery Bay); palate teebly sculptured with com-

plete postero-lateral bridges; auditory bullae very small,

egg-shaped, and not inflated anteriorly; presphenoid reduced

to a slender rod; molars heavy.

Dentition: in the anterior upper molar the fourth or

postero-internal prism is reduced, its hinder wall has lost its

primitive curvature and passes into the posterior wall of the

small fourth outer triangle without forming any minute

postero-internal accessory (7. e. vestigial) angulation ; in the

second upper cheek-tooth the third inner priem is similarly

reduced ; antero-external triangle of last lower molar much

smaller than second one, and passes in front into the anterior

wall of the tooth without forming any minute antero-external

vestigial angulation.

Measurements.—T ype skull: condylo-basal length 28°6 mm.;

zygomatic breadth 19°8; interorbital constriction 4°0 ; occi-

38 On new Late Pleistocene Voles and Lemmings.

pital breadth 14:0; occipital height (median) 6:8; breadth

of rostrum 5:9; nasal 87; diasteme 9:2; molar series

(alveolar) 774.

Specimens examined.—One perfect and two fragmentary

skulls, together with a large number of lower jaws from the

Ightham Fissures; two or three maxille with teeth and

numerous lower jaws from the Doneraile Cave, Co. Clare

(kindly lent by Dr. Scharff); and a maxilla from the

Langwith Cave, Derbyshire.

Remarks.—The more reduced maxillary molar pattern

differentiates D. henseli from D. torquatus and its allies and

connects this species dentally with D. hudsonius. ‘The latter

species is of larger size, but, apart from the agreement in the

teeth, the skull presents several points of similarity with the

fossil. It is distinguished principally by its expanded nasals,

rather broad and flat presphenoid, somewhat lighter teeth, and

slightly longer diasteme. ‘The skull long ago described by

Hensel from the Pleistocene of Quedlinberg, in Saxony *,

appears to agree with that of the species here described, and

as that acute observer pointed out first the dental distinction

from D. turquatust, the species is here named in his honour.

Dicrostonyx gulielmi, Sanford.

“ Arvicola” gulielmi, Sanford, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xxvi. p. 125

(1870) (name given to lower jaws from Somerset caves).

Lemmus torquatus, var., Sanford, op. cit. pp. 124, 126 (skull from

Somerset caves).

Specimens examined.— Anterior part of an adult skull and

many lower jaws in the collection of the Rev. E. Mullins

from the Langwith Cave, Derbyshire; parts of two skulls, a

lower jaw, and detached teeth from a cave in the Wye

Valley, collected by Miss Dorothy Bate (now in British

Museum) ; and part of a youngish skull from Puy de Dome,

Nescher (B.M.).

Characters.—Size large. Skull: nasals much expanded

in front, their combined width half the nasal length; zygo-

matic arches very heavy; palate boldly sculptured with

incomplete lateral bridges; incisive foramina short and

broad; presphenoid reduced to a slender bar; teeth very

heavy.

Dentition: the posterior walls of the hinder inner triangles

in the first and second maxillary molars not reduced, they

‘ gtx Zeits. d. deutsch. geol. Ges. Bd. vii. p. 498, pl. xxy. figs. 12

+ Ibid. Ba. viii. p. 279, pl. xiii, fig. La.

On Microcheerus erinaceus (Wood). 39

retain their curvature and thick enamel and form a more or

less well-marked accessory or vestigial inner angulation

behind; third or antero-external prism of last lower molar

less reduced than in D. hense/i, and there is frequently a more

or less well-marked minute fourth outer vestigial angulation.

Measurements.—Langwith Cave skull: breadth of rostrum

70 mm.; length of nasal 9°5 (ca.); diasteme 9°63; molar

series (alveolar) 8:3.

Remarks.—Vhe maxillary teeth of the skull figured by

Sanford from the Somerset caves (Q. J. G. S. xxvi. pl. viil.

figs. 4 & 4.) agree with those of the species here described

and with D. torguatus. There is every reason to suppose

that the lower jaw from the same place figured by Sanford

(doc. cit. figs. 2 & 26), and to which he gave the name of

“ Arvicola” gulielmt, belongs to the same species of Dicro-

stonyx as does the skull, despite the abnormal appearance of

the last lower molar; and therefore, unless it can be shown

that the lower jaw does come from a different species, the

name of “ gulielmi”’ must be used for this species.

D. gulielmi is distinguished from D. torqguatus, with which

it agrees in tooth form, by its considerably larger size, shorter

and broader incisive foramina, broader nasals, and much

heavier teeth. Dr. Forsyth Major as long ago as 1872*

called attention to the dental differences in the fossil forms and

suggested that there were two species of Dicrostonyx in the

Pleistocene deposits of Western Europe, and it affords me

great pleasure to be able to support the suggestion by

establishing it as a fact.

V.— Microcheerus erinaceus (Wood). By C. Forster-

Coorer, M.A., F.Z.S., Trinity College, Cambridge,

University Demonstrator in Animal Morphology.

(Plate III.]

Tus revision of the interesting little form Microcherus

erinaceus is the result of an examination of the specimens

contained in the collection of the British Museum (Natural

History) and in that of the Sedgwick Museum at Cambridge.

I am indebted to Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S., and to

Professor T. McKenny Hughes, F.R.S., for permission to

study the specimens in their collections.

* Forsyth Major, Atti di Soc, Ital. di Scienz, Natur, xy. p. 123 (1872),

40 Mr. C. Forster-Cooper on

All the fragments come from the Upper Eocene at Hordwell

in the Isle of Wight, and the following list represents, so far

2s I am aware, all the known specimens.

In the British Museum :

1. Palate with complete dentition of both sides. (Type.)

2. Two portions of upper jaws with molars.

8. Part of right mandibular ramus with pm3, m1.2.3. (Type.)

4, Part of right mandibular ramus with pm 3-4, m12.3, and sockets

for front teeth.

5. Part of right mandibular ramus with pm4, mi,2.3.

In the Sedgwick Museum :

1. Part of the interorbital region of skull with the hind part of the

palate and the last two molars of each side.

. Middle part of left ramus with pm 273.4, m1[.2.3.

- Middle part of sara See right ramus associated with the

above pm3.4, M].2.3

. Complete hinder a ‘af left ramus with the three molars.

. Various smaller fragments in poor condition, also separate teeth.

Op [oe Ne)

The position of Microcherus cannot be satisfactorily deter-

mined, owing to the unfortunate lack of skeletal parts other

than jaws and teeth ; but since the descriptions of this form

hitherto published have been brief and the figures not alto-

gether satisfactory, it is perhaps worth while to refigure it, in

view of its possible relationship with the American form

Flyopsodus (now regarded as an Insectivore) as well as with

Necrolemur and other primitive Primates.

The upper teeth are nine in number, forming a closed series

2-5 em. in length, showing considerable curvature and having

a width of 2 cm. at the widest point (measured at the outside

edges of the second molars). The palate shows some signs

of having a posterior thickened border *.

The teeth are as follows :—In front is a large single-rooted

tooth on each side, separated the one from the other by a

considerable space in which another small pair of incisors

could have been present. This part, however, is broken

away. ‘lhe two large teeth measure 2°5 mm. in length and

1:75 in breadth, and probably represent the second pair of

incisors. The following tooth is smaller and round, 1°5 mm.

in diameter, and must be regarded as the third incisor. In

this case the next tooth, which is but little smaller than I3,

represents the canine, although the maxillary suture cannot

* The Cambridge specimen shows indications of large orbits with

narrow frontals in between.

Microchcerus erinaceus ( Woo). 41

be made out: it is semi-procumbent, with the crown set well

forward on its single root.

The first premolar of the series (pm 2) is smaller than the

canine, ningletcaied, and with a small talon. Premolars 3

and 4 are twe-rooted, square in outline, and with a large

external and small internal cusp; they are not in any way

molariform in pattern, ‘The first two molars are square in

shape and subequal in size, being 3°75 mm. in length and

4mm. across. ‘lhe protocone, paracone, and metacone are

conical, roughly equal in size, and in the unworn tooth

moderately sharp. ‘The hypocone is somewhat smaller and

is placed behind the protocone, but a little more in towards

the median line of the palate. The protoconule arises near

the anterior cingulum a little in advance of a line connecting

the protocone and paracone ; the hypoconule occupies a similar

position in respect to the metacone and hypocone and in the

first molar equals the protoconule in size, in the second

molar it is smaller, and in the third is hardly developed at

all, A strongly marked cingulum runs along the front and

outer borders of these teeth ; there is, moreover, a tendency

to small secondary wrinklings in the enamel on the surface.

The last molar is smaller, rounder, and generally less

developed than the rest. A small but exceedingly clearly

marked mesostylar tubercle is present on all three teeth near

but separated from the cingulum between the para- and

metacone.

The mandible has the following measurements :—

Complete length between perpendiculars......... .

Height of articular surface from base of angle

Greatest depth of ramus (between pm4 and m})....

Depth of ramus under m3 .......c0seeeeeeeeeees

ORo

ID w&

Cr ororcr

The articular surface is high up and is at the same level as

the coronoid process. ‘The angle is strongly marked and

projects downward. The ramus is stout and turns up rather

abruptly in front of the large first tooth to form a “ chin.”

There are eight teeth in the lower dentition. The front

one is broken away in all specimens, but the deep alveolus,

2 mm. in breadth, shows that it must have been of fair size.

Wood, in his figure of the type specimen before it became

damaged, shows it as a long semi-procumbent tooth. Imme-

diately behind this, lying to the outside of the series, is a

small socket which represents either the third incisor or the

canine. ‘The following six teeth lie in a closed curved series

and consist of three premolars and three molars. ‘The first

42 On Microcheerus erinaceus (Wood).

two premolars (pm 37q) are semi-procumbent and _ single-

rooted, the last premolar has in addition an internal cone and

a second root. There is a gradual increase in size, the last

tooth having an antero-posteiior diameter of 3 mm.

The first two molars are equal in size, 8°5 mm. in length

and 3 mm. across; the first has a distinct paraconid, which is

lost in the following teeth. ‘The last molar has an enlarged

talon and third root.

In all the lower teeth the external cingulum is well marked

and the molars show the same tendency to secondary wrinkles

as the upper ones.

As I have stated above, the precise position of this form is

as yet obscure, as is the case with so many of the primitive

Eocene Primates and Insectivores. Wood, the describer of

the type, placed Microcherus with Hyracotherium, to which

form it has only the very slightest and most superficial

resemblance; but that he was rather doubtful of its true

nature appears, as Lydekker has pointed out, in the specific

name given to it. Lydekker himself claims it as one of the

Erinaceide and as allied to Hyopsodus, but Matthew has now

shown that the latter belongs to a group of Insectivores well

defined from Hrinaceus, and Schlosser further gives his

opinion against any affinity between Microcherus and Erina-

ceus. ‘lhe latter author considers it to be allied to Hyopsodus

and Pelycodus, the latter a Primate, while the former is an

Insectivore, as both Matthew and Wortman have shown.

Microcherus differs from Hyopsodus in several particulars ;

: 24.5.5 . tesies so he OU

the tooth-formula is [+35 or 57-575 against +75. In the

latter form none of the anterior teeth are enlarged, the pre-

molars havea more distinctly pronounced talon, and the upper

molars are without the mesostyle.

Wortman suggests an alliance with MNecrolemur, and the

general shape of the lower jaw and the tooth-formula, even

to the small and vestigial second tooth, shows a striking

resemblance. The only difference is the absence of the meso-

style in the upper molars in Necrolemur. On the whole,

with the material at command, it seems best to regard these

two forms as the nearest relations hitherto known.

References.

Woov.—London Geological Journal. 1845.

LypEKKER.—Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. xli. 1885.

ScHLossEeR.—Beit. z. Pal. Oest.-Ung. 1887.

Wortman.—A mer. Journ. Sci. xv. 1903.

MattrHew.—Mem. Amer, Mus. Nat. Hist. ix. part 6.

On new Species of Histeride. 43

EXPLANATION OF PLATE III.

. Microcherus erinaceus. Palate (British Museum),

. Ditto. Right lower ramus, inner side (Cambridge).

. Ditto. Right lower ramus, outer side (British Museum).

The small socket for the second tooth can be made out as a

small black dot at the upper point of the large socket,

4. Ditto. Right lower ramus, inner side (Cambridge).

Fig. 5. Ditto. Upper molars (British Museum).

6. Ditto. Hind part of left ramus (Cambridge).

Fig. 7. Necrolemur edwardsit, Hind part of left ramus (British Museum).

Fig. 8. Ditto. Front part of left ramus (British Museum).

“alien Be

Coho

The lines underneath the figures indicate the natural size of the

specimens,

VI.—On new Species of Histeridee and Notices of others.

By G. Lewis, F.L.S.

THE last paper of this series was published in September

1909, and tle present is the thirty-sixth.

List of Species.

Hololepta nepalensis. Exorhabdus, gen. nov.

Trypanzeus terebrans. _ Hister belli, Lew.

colombiz. simulator,

Coptotrophis orvatula. | —— guinensis, Payk.

—— mendoze. asoka.

Teretriosoma intrusum, Mars. —— virginie, Casey.

—— biguttatum. | — montanus, Mars., 1857.

— centenarium. pyxidatus, Lew., 1889.

striatum. / pharaonis, Sch., 1889.

Teretrius marginatus.

Platylister pacificus.

—— placitus, Zew., 1906.

bande, Lew., 1909.

—— patruus.

Platysoma brahmani.

Ebonius equatorius,

Cornillus binodulus.

Contipus somaliensis,

—— belti, n. n.

castaneus, Lew.

Peranus bimaculatus, Zinn.

Pachycrerus hyalus.

Chlamydopsis formicicola, King.

Saprinuus erarius, n. n.

eratus, Lew., 1909.

Hypocaccus varians, Sch,

—— apricarius, Lr.

Hololepta nepalensis, sp. n.

Oblonga, subdepressa, nigra, nitida; mandibulis in medio uni-

dentatis ; pronoto lateribus punctato; elytris striis 1 dorsali

integra, 2 brevi, 3 brevissima ; propygidio parce, pygidio dense,

punctatis.

L, 7 mill. (cum mandibulis).

44 Mr. G. Lewis on

Oblong, somewhat depressed, black and shining ; the head,

mentum relatively rather small, with a linear tubercle, surface

slightly uneven, ocular tubercle rather small and obtuse,

mandibles each with a small tooth near the middle of the

inner edge, labrum bilobed ; the thorax, marginal stria rather

fine and terminating at the anterior angle, laterally there is a

rather broad band of punctures not closely set but clear; the

elytra, the marginal fossette is rather deep, 1 dorsal stria

complete witn the apical end bent inwards, 2 dorsal basal and

not quite one-third in length of the first, but well marked, 3

very short ; the propygidium is thinly punctured, the points

on the sides are somewhat large, gradually becoming smaller

to the disk; the pygidium is very densely punctured; the

anterior tibige are 4-dentate.

The exceptional characters of this small species are the

toothed mandibles and the complete first dorsal stria.

Hub. Nepal, Central India. One male example.

Tiypaneus terebrans, sp. n.

Cylindricus, elongatus, niger, nitidus; fronte bisulcata, bispinosa,

rostro apice modice reflexo; pronoto antice bituberculato; pro-

sterno marginato; mesosterno stria marginali antice interrupta ;

tibiis anticis 5-dentatis.

L. 7} mill.

Cylindrical, elongate, black and shining; the head, fore-

head bisuleate, sulci parallel to each other, with a well-marked

carina between them, rostrum a little reflexed apically, point

not very acute, ocular tubercles strong and somewhat obtuse ;

the thorax is impressed at the anterior angles and the surface

evenly and sparingly punctulate, near the edge behind the

middle of the neck are two tubercles which are somewhat

obtuse and join by the widening out of their bases; the

elytra are similarly punctulate; the pygidia are evenly and

somewliat closely punctate; the prosternum, the keel is

marginate laterally and the strie gradually meet anteriorly ;

the mesosternum is marginate at the sides, but the striz are

interrupted behind the keel of the prosternum, the surfaces of

the sterna are sparingly and rather obsoletely punctured ;

the metasternum has a median furrow ; the anterior tibiz are

5-dentate.

This is the largest species known of which the male has a

conspicuous ocular tubercle; the other species are wnituber-

culatus, bispinus, and spiniger, Mars., bimaculatus, Hr., ros-

new Species of Uisteride. 45

tratus and colombia, Lew. (described below). 7. unttubercu-

latus is peculiar in having a median furrow in the meso-

sternum, which is immarginate laterally. In F/ololepta the

ocular tubercle is less perpendicular than in Trypanceus, as

might be expected from their depressed form.

Hab. Bolivia.

I have only one male example, but I have adopted a trivial

name suggested by Herr J. Schmidt some years ago, and his

collection doubtless contains other specimens.

Trypaneus colombia, sp. n.

6. Cylindricus, niger, nitidus; fronte haud carinata, bisulcata,

medio longitudinaliter impressa, rostro acute reflexo; pronoto

margine antice fortiter punctato, unituberculato; elytris sparse

punctulatis ; pygidio sat dense punctato; prosterno antice acuto,

immarginato ; tibiis anticis 5-dentatis,

L. 63-63 mm.

Cylindrical, somewhat robust, black and shining ; the head,

forehead bisulcate, sulci narrow and shallow anteriorly,

widening and deepening between the eyes, the median carina

in the allied species is represented by a longitudinal shallow

canaliculation, the ocular tubercles are somewhat acute and

’ the apex of the rostrum is pointed and markedly reflexed ;

the thorax is densely and coarsely punctured along the

anterior part, the anterior angles are not impressed, but they

have a marginal carina, in the middle behind the neck there

is a single tubercle, behind the tubercle the thorax generally

is finely and not closely punctulate, but longitudinally the

punctures are closer and larger in the middle ; the elytra are

also finely punctulate generally, but along the sutural and

apical margins the punctures are larger and (especially at the

apex) closer together; the pygidia are rather closely punc-

tured; the prosternum, keel immarginate, punctured, and

gradually narrowed to the apex; the mesosternum is also

immarginate ; the anterior tibiz 5-dentate.

The female: the head is opaque and finely punctulate,

rostrum very obtuse; the thorax clearly and evenly punctured

throughout, points generally larger than those of the male ;

the prosternum, keel nearly smooth, somewhat obtuse at the

apex, and distinctly marginate ; the metasternum is canalicu-

late and its basal half strongly punctate.

This is the most robust species known with an ocular

tubercle.

Hab. Colombia.

46 Mr. G. Lewis on

Coptotrophis ornatula, sp. n.

3. Cylindrica, rufo-brunnea, nitida; fronte bisulcata, rostro apice

acuminato; pronoto stria marginali antice late interrupta, bi-

tuberculato; elytris punctulatis, apice infuscatis; prosterno

parallelo, utrinque carinato; mesosterno lateribus tenuiter sul-

cato; tibiis anticis 5-dentatis.

L, 24-23 mill.

Cylindrical, reddish brown, shining ; the head and rostrum

microscopically transversely strigose, with a few punctures

between the eyes, rostrum parallel laterally and bisulcate,

sulci rather shallow, apex with a small acumination ; the

thorax, margins and angles clearly red, median area darker,

punctuation rather close behind the head and_ gradually

becoming fine and more sparing to the base, well behind the

neck are two small tubercles, and in front of them the thorax

is triangularly flattened; the elytra are reddish, with two

dark patches which apically leave a narrow red margin; the

pygidia are punctulate ; the prosternum, keel parallel laterally

and markedly carinate along its edge, truncate anteriorly and

incised at its base; the mesosternum is not marginate ante-

riorly, but it is minutely sulcate on either side ; the anterior

tibiz are 5-dentate.

The female: the rostrum is rather broad anteriorly and

neatly semicircular in outline, forehead feebly impressed

between the eyes, and the surface strigose as in the male, the

thoracic punctures are evenly distributed and closer and more

distinct generally than those of the male.

Hab. Sautarem and Bahia, Brazil.

Coptotrophis mendoze, sp. n.

Cylindrica, parum elongata, nigra, nitida; fronte minute tuberculata,

rostro utrinque sulcato; pronoto vix dense punctato; prosterno

parallelo, lateribus marginato; mesosterno bisulcato; tibiis

anticis 5-dentatis.

L. 3} mill.

Cylindrical, rather elongate, black and shining ; the head,

rostrum bisuleate, obtusely angular at the apex, with a very

minute tubercle at its base on the vertex of the head, surface

microscopically strigose with scattered shallow punctures ;

the thorax is clearly and somewhat closely punctured, the rim

at and behind the anterior angle is raised and reddish brown,

there is animpression behind the neck, and behind the impres-

sion are two very slightly raised tubercles; the elytra are

new Species of Uisteride. 47

much more finely punctured; the pygidia are densely punc-

tate ; the prosternal keel is parallel laterally, with a marginal

stria which indistinctly joins anteriorly but does not continue

along the base; the mesosternum is anteriorly obtuse, with a

shallow lateral sulcus, the sulci are shortened anteriorly and

bend towards each other ; the metasternum has a longitu-

dinal sulcus in the anterior part; the anterior tibia are

5-dentate.

The female: the rostrum is simply obtuse in front and

there is a wide circular impression between the eyes, and the

thorax is simply convex behind the neck.

Hab, Argentina (C. Bruch), One male and one female.

Teretriosoma intrusum, Mars., 1870.

Mr. E. P. Stebbing has found this Indian species associated

with Calopertha truncatula, Ancey, an insect of a rather wide

distribution in the Asian area, and one very nearly of the

same girth and on which I do not doubt it fed. The

Histeridz, however, do not always confine themselves to one

species, as I found Trypeticus veda, Lew., in Ceylon feeding

on Minthea canaliculata, F., and on Platypus furcatus, Bland.,

both species being similar to the Histerids in circumference.

In July 1878 1, with others, found Teretrius picipes, F.,

feeding on Minthea canaliculata and brunnea, Steph. Mr.

Waterhouse has, as already noticed in this Magazine, bred an

African Yeretrius in the British Museum from acacia-bark

infested with Xy/lopertha and Sinoaylon, so that it seems clear

that the larval and pupal stages are passed in the perforations

of the species on which the imago feeds and that the larve

are insectivorous. In Japan 1 found Trypeticus fagt, Lew.,

on several occasions feeding on Platypus severini, Bland., but

under other conditions I think that they would have sought

other species. It is incorrect to speak of the Histeride as

being parasitical or commensal; they are predaceous and

insectivorous,

Teretriosoma biguttatum, sp. n.

Subcylindricum, breve, supra nigrum, nitidum; antennis flavis,

pedibus obscure rufo-brunneis ; pronoto ad angulos minute flavo ;

metasterno postice transversim tenuissime striato; tibiis anticis

6-dentatis,

L. 2}-24 mill. .

Subcylindrical, short and robust, black above, beneath

somewhat brownish; the antenne flavous, legs uniformly

48 Mr. G. Lewis on

reddish brown; the head, punctuation is smaller than that of

the thorax and more evenly set, forehead convex ; the thorax,

the punctures are larger on the outer parts and along the

base and finer and more sparse on the disk, the anterior

angles are minutely flavous ; the elytra are similarly punc-

tured and also the pygidia, but the points are a little sparse

on the median area of each elytron ; the prosternum is closely

punctured; the mesosternum has the punctuation larger,

clearer, and less close, the acumination is obtuse and immar-

ginate; the metasternum, the punctuation is much more

sparse, and along the posterior edge, commencing in front of

the posterior coxe, is an extremely fine transverse stria; the

anterior tibie are 6-dentate.

‘This species is shorter and more robust than any of the

other Australian species known; it resembles in outline the

New-World 2. immarginatum, Lew.

I have an example of TZ. somerseti, Mars., so named by

Marseul in 1879, and it has the anterior angles of the thorax

reddish brown, and is a much narrower species than Ji-

guttatum.

Hab. Cairns, N. Queensland (Z. Allen). In the Hobart

Museum and my own collection.

Teretriosoma centenarium, sp. n.

Cylindricum, nigrum, nitidum, undique sat dense punctulatum ;

antennis pedibusque obscure brunneis; pronoto angulis anticis

minute flavis ; tibiis anticis 5-denticulatis.

L. 14 mill.

Cylindrical, subparallel, black and shining above, rather

densely and evenly punctured; the thorax, anterior angles

are minutely flavous; the prosternum, anterior lobe some-

what finely marginate, surface coarsely and closely punc-

tured; the mesosternum is similarly punctate, but the points

are not closely set, the projection is somewhat obtuse, with a

very fine marginal stria not very easily seen; the meta-

sternum is similarly pointed, but the median line is narrowly

free of punctures ; the anterior tibize 5-denticulate.

The trivial name signalizes the present year as the centenary

of the Argentine Republic.

Hab. Argentina.

Teretriosoma striatum, sp. n.

Subcylindricum, haud parallelum, nigrum, nitidum, undique sat

new Species of Histeridee. 49

dense punctulatum ; fronte lata, utrinque striata; antennis pedi-

busque rufo-brunneis ; tibiis anticis 8-denticulatis,

L, 24 mill.

Subcylindrical, but not parallel laterally, the widest part

being behind the humeral angle, black and shining, legs and

antenne reddish brown, surface above is wholly, evenly, and

somewhat closely punctulate; the head, forehead is widely

transverse and parallel at the sides, with a well-marked lateral

marginal stria and triangularly prominent before the eyes;

the thorax, marginal stria complete; the prosternum, ante-

rior lobe wide and narrowly marginate in front, surface with

rather large and shallow punctures not closely set, and there

are indications of two short strize at the base of the keel;

the meso- and metasterna have no visible suture, and laterally

the punctuation is similar to that of the prosternum but more

scattered, and in the median area the points are fine and less

close, the mesosternum is marginate anteriorly and the pro-

jection somewhat obtuse; the anterior tibia have two denticu-

lations close together near the tarsi and six at regular intervals

behind them.

The broad transverse forehead with its well-marked lateral

strie are notable characters in this species.

Hab. Jalapa, Mexico.

Teretrius marginatus, sp. n.

Cylindricus, parallelus, rufo-brunneus, nitidus, undique parce punc-

tulatus ; antennis pedibusque concoloribus; elytris stria basali

brevi obliqua; tibiis anticis 5-6-denticulatis.

L, 13 mill.

Cylindrical, parallel on the sides, reddish brown, shining

above, sparingly punctulate; the elytra with a short basal

oblique stria at about one-third of the elytral width from the

humeral angle ; this stria is similar to that of J. obliquulus,

Horn. The sterna are very finely and sparingly punctulate,

the prosternal striz are wide apart and at their bases are

close to the coxe, the stria are fine and widen out gradually

but very slightly from the base to the suture but do not join

at either end, the anterior lobe has a conspicuous marginal

stria which is continued posteriorly along the sides to the

cox.

The chief specific characters of this species, as in many

others in Teretrius and Teretriosoma, exist in the sterna,

Hab. Nepal, India.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 4

50 Mr. G. Lewis on

Platylister pacificus, sp. n.

Oblongus, subparallelus, depressus, niger, nitidus ; fronte elypeoque

modice impressis, stria integra; elytris striis 1-2 integris, 3 in-

terrupta; propygidio impunctato; pygidio margine subelevato ;

tibiis anticis 4-dentatis.

L. 54 mill.

Oblong, somewhat parallel, depressed, black and shining ;

the head, forehead and clypeus moderately impressed, trans-

verse stria rather fine and nearly straight ; the thorax im-

punctate, stria complete; the elytra, dorsal striz 1-2 complete,

3 interrupted in the middle, 4 indicated by an apical punc-

ture, subhumeral wanting ; the propygidium is smooth; the

pygidium is densely and coarsely punctate, with the outer

margin smooth and broad but not much elevated; the meso-

sternum sinuous, with a well-marked marginal stria; the

anterior tibie are 4-dentate.

The smooth surface of the propygidium is a remarkable

character in a species of this genus or of Platysoma. Fair-

maire has described P. connecum from New Caledonia as

being similar to P. latisternum, Mars., and I have received an

example from Monsieur Oberthiir labelled connezum which is

P.. montrouzieri, Mars. (see my note, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

xx. p.342,1907). Marseul has given the measurement of the

last species as 6 mm.; 4} is an outside measure, and 4 mm.

is the size given for connexum by Fairmaire.

Hab. New Caledonia.

Platylister placitus, Lew., 1906.

Platylister bande, Lew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 298 (1909)

(n. syn.).

The Banda Islands are close to New Guinea on the western

side, and the species seems to be locally abundant.

Platylister patruus, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovatus, parum convexus, niger, nitidus ; fronte leviter im-

pressa, stria haud interrupta; pronoto stria marginali integra,

ante scutellum distincte foveolato; elytris striis dorsalibus 1-2

integris, 3 in medio late interrupta; propygidio antice levi

postice transversim punctato; pygidio margine modice elevato,

eequaliter punctato ; mesosterno sinuato, stria marginali integra ;

tibiis anticis 4-dentatis.

L. 5-53 mill.

This species is extremely similar in outline to P. frontosus,

new Species of Histeridee. 51

Mars., and foveolatus, Lew. ; the elytral stria are similar to

the first and the scutellar fovea is like the second. ‘The

interstice of the thoracic margin is narrower than in either

species, P. foveolatus and frontosus agree in both having the

frontal stria interrupted at the sides.

Hab. Efate Island, New Hebrides (J. J. Walker). Many

specimens, August 1900.

Platysoma brahmant, sp. n.

Oblongum, subdepressum, nigrum, nitidum ; fronte leviter impressa,

stria integra; pronoto lateribus late punctato, stria marginali

post oculos interrupta ; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4-5 et suturali

abbreviatis; mesosterno sinuato, marginato; tibiis anticis 4-

dentatis,

L. 3} mill.

Oblong, rather depressed, black and shining; the head

finely and closely punctulate, forehead and clypeus a little

depressed, stria complete ; the thorax, lateral stria sinuous in

the middle, and continues behind the head, where it departs

from the edge and Jeaves a somewhat wide marginal space, it

is obscurely interrupted behind the eyes, the lateral area is

broadly punctured, points varying in size; the elytra, stria 1-3

complete, 3 a little sinuous, 4 apical and not quite reaching the

middle, 5 two-thirds only of the leagth of the fourth, sutural

short and detached, being just behind the middle, the apical

margin is punctulate; the propygidium hasrather largeshallow

ocellate and irregular punctures with small points intermixed ;

the pygidium similarly punctured, with the apex smooth and

immarginate; the mesosternum is sinuous and distinctly

marginate ; the metasternum and the first segment of the

abdomen is bistriate laterally ; the anterior tibiz are 4-dentate.

The form of the thoracic stria behind the head and the

form of the sutural dorsal strie are characteristic of this

species.

Hab. Bengal, India. Found by Pére Cardon at Barway

and at Belgaum by Mr. Andrewes.

Ebonius equatorius, sp. n.

Oblongus, angustatus, parallelus, supra depressus, niger, nitidus

fronte punctata in medio longitudinaliter impressa, stria biarcuate ;

pronoto punctato ; elytris striis integris, 5 et suturali basi con-

junctis; pygidio grosse punctato ; mesosterno utrinque punctato ;

tibiis anticis 5—6-denticulatis.

L. 7 mill.

4{*

52 Mr. G. Lewis on

Oblong, rather narrow, parallel laterally, depressed above,

black and shining, forehead with a longitudinal median

impression, stria complete and biarcuate anteriorly, surface

somewhat coarsely and roughly yunctured, clypeus and

mandibles punctulate; the thorax, stria complete, surface

somewhat closely punctured except in the scutellar region ;

the elytra, six dorsal strie complete, fifth and sutural joining

at the base; the propygidium with large and deep punctures,

rather closely set; the pygidium with larger and deeper

punctures and there is an obscure median transverse ridge ;

the prosternum, keel and lobe rather closely punctured, the

first marginate at the sides and base; the mesosternum is

punctured on each side and the striz are similar to those

figured (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xi. p. 421, 1893) for

E. politus, Lew. ; the anterior tibie are 5-6-denticulate.

This species differs from E. politus, Lew., by being rela-

tively longer, less wide, and more parallel at the sides, by all

the dorsal striae being complete, and by the mesosternum

being punctured laterally, not entirely smooth. In politus

also the thoracic smooth scutellar area is very much wider.

Hab. Ecuador.

Cornillus binodulus, sp. n.

Ovatus, parum convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte leviter punctata in

medio canaliculata, stria utrinque interrupta ; pronoto stria mar-

ginali integra, basi ad angulos sinuata; elytris striis 1-3 integris,

4-5 obsoletis, suturali dimidiata punctis indicatis; propygidio

tuberculato ; prosterno bistriato mesosternoque distincte punctu-

latis.

L. 7 mill.

This species is similar in outline to C. tuberculatus, Lew.,

but it differs by the frontal stria being interrupted on either

side and not joining posteriorly until near the base of the

head. The striz in both species are rather fine. ‘The thorax,

the marginal stria is complete and sinuous at the basal angle,

and there is a small circular impression within the angle. In

tuberculatus the stria is straight at the base and theie is only

a trace of an impression within the angle. The elytra, striz

1-3 complete, with the edges crenulate and the third is

punctiform apically, 4-5 are indicated by small apical irre-

gular points, the sutural is punctiform, apical, and dimidiate ;

the pygidia are finely and rather closely punctulate ; the

prosternum, keel is bistriate anteriorly, stria rather short,

surface and that of the meso- and metasterna are distinctly

punctulate, the marginal stria of the mesosternum is inter-

new Species of Histeride. 53

rupted, The punctuation of the sterna of tuberculatus is

obsolete.

This is the fifth species of the genus known, and it is

probable that their habits are peculiar and different to those

of Omalodes, as the latter are generally captured in numbers

and those of Corni//us in single examples only.

Hab. Matto Grosso, Brazil.

Contipus somaliensts, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexiusculus, niger, nitidus, mandibulis planis marginatis ;

fronte stria integra in medio angulata; pronoto stria interna

postice flexuosa; elytris striis subhumerali interna integra,

externa basi dimidiata, dorsalibus 1—4 integris parallelis, 5 dimi-

diata, suturali antice abbreviata; propygidio utrinque grosso

punctato; pygidio sat dense punctulato; prosterno bistriato;

mesosterno stria marginali interrupta; tibiis anticis 4-dentatis.

L. 62 mm.

Oval, rather convex, black and shining; the head,

mandibles flat above and marginate on both sides, frontal

stria complete and angulate in the middle ; the thorax, inner

stria flexuous towards the base, outer stria terminating before

the angle; the elytra, striz, outer humeral dimidiate and

basal, inner complete, 1-4 dorsal complete and parallel to

each other, 5 short and apical, sutural as long again as the

fifth and reaching beyond the middle; the propygidium

lightly pointed in the middle and somewhat coarsely on

either side ; the pygidium closely and evenly punctured ;

the prosternum is bistriate, strize widening out between the

coxe and ending there, parallel and close anteriorly ; the

mesosternum is emarginate, and the stria is interrupted at the

emargination ; the anterior tibia are 4-dentate.

C, flecuosus, Sch., oblongus, and immarginatus, Lew., have

the dorsal strizs widened out somewhat at the base; in the

above the striz are parallel to each other like those shown in

Marseul’s figure for digttatus.

Hab. Dire Daona, Somaliland, and Ghindo, Erythrea.

EXORHABDUS, gen. nov.

Body oval and a little convex, frontal stria complete,

thorax with two well-marked lateral strize, antennal fossettes

are narrow longitudinal luniform excavations along the edge

of the thorax immediately behind the angle, elytral sub-

humeral stria strong and complete and similar to the dorsal

first stria (Paykull considered that afer had nine strie),

54 Mr. G. Lewis on

sutural stria incurved at either end, pygidia closely and

markedly sculptured, prosternum compressed, mesosternum

truncate and marginate, tarsal groove straight, tibiae 3-dentate,

terminal tooth very robust.

Type Lister eeneus, Lewis.

The species for which this genus is established have

hitherto been included in Hfister, of which the type is FZ. unt-

color, L., 1735; the species are afer, Payk., eneus, africanus,

angoniensis, crenulatus, marshalli, nyasse, similis, and zam-

besius, Lew. The last species was formerly assigned to

Zabromorphus. The antennal fossettes in wnicolor are wide,

open, and shallow. The species I have placed in Exorhabdus

differ considerably also in their general facies and are natives

of middle Africa. ister scabripygus, Sch., is described as

having the subhumeral stria complete, but 1 have not seen

the species. Schmidt describes Hister obtusisternus and

mechowi as having the inner subhumeral stria complete, but

this is not correct, anteriorly in both species it gives place to

the fine oblique stria very generally seen in the Histeride.

Hister belli, Lewis, 1904.

There is an example of this species in the British Museum

from Berhampur, India, which measures over 11 mm. The

type specimen measures 94 mm.

Hister simulator, sp. 0.

Oblongo-ovatus, parum convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte stria

semicirculari integra, mandibulis haud canaliculatis; pronoto

stria interna integra, externa paulo breviore; elytris stria sub-

humerali nulla, 1-4 dorsalibus integris, 5 ante et suturali in

medio abbreviatis; propygidio parum grosse haud dense punctato ;

pygidio similiter punctato sed apice levi; mesosterno emarginato,

stria in medio interrupta; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

L. 6-8 mm.

The facies of the above is extremely similar to hottentotta,

Er., and others of the same group, but it differs by the frontal

stria being almost semicircular, by there being no humeral

sulcus or stria, and by the larger punctures, not very closely

set, of the pygidia. The mesosternum is rather deeply

emarginate and the marginal stria does not pass the

emargination.

Hab. Senegal. Four examples.

Fister guinensis, Payk.

I have an example from Ashanti which corresponds exactly

new Spectes of Histeride. 5!

with Paykull’s figure and description, except that the second

and third dorsal strie are not united. Paykull’s specimen

was evidently a monstrosity. ‘The prosternal keel is micro-

scopically strigose; the mesosternum is feebly and rather

widely sinuous, and the marginal stria is widely interrupted,

not reaching the sinuosity, but across the mesosternum there

is an independent arched stria which reaches its base and is

continued laterally and sinuously along the metasternum.

Lister asoka, sp. n.

Ovalis, convexus, niger, nitidus; fronte impunctata, stria in medio

anguste interrupta; pronoto utrinque grosse punctato; elytris

striis 1-4 integris, 5 abbreviata; propygidio pygidioque

punctulatis.

L 8} mill.

Oval, convex, black and shining ; the head impunctate,

frontal stria semicircular but slightly interrupted in the middle;

the thorax with large punctures laterally, punctures most

numerous behind the anterior angles, a little before the

middle on either side is a large but shallow impression,

lateral stria almost complete but a little shortened at its base ;

the elytra, stria 1-4 complete but the second and fourth do

not touch the base, 5 apical nearly dimidiate and sometimes

a little broken or punctiform, sutural indicated by fine

punctures at and behind the middle, subhumeral dimidiate ;

the mesosternum is sinuous and marginate; anterior tibie

3-dentate.

This species belongs toa section of the genus which should

include ister ariasi and jekeli, Mars., and H. aino, Lew.,

and they all infest old trees. ‘The species agree in having the

inner dorsal striz more or less fine and punctiform, and ardasi

and aino are similar in having the head punctured behind the

frontal stria. The trivial name will recall to memory that of

the ruler of India in the third century B.c.

The four species mentioned above would be placed in

Motschulsky’s genus Pactolinus should it ever be characterized

and adopted.

Hab. Dehra Dun, United Provinces, India. Found under

the bark of spruce by Mr, E. P. Stebbing.

Hister virginiew, Casey. An example I have received

from America labelled virginia is Hister merdarius, Hoffm.,

a species common to both the Old and New World. Whether

it agrees with Casey’s type I cannot say.

56 Mr. G. Lewis on

Hister pyxidatus, Lew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. iii. p. 282

(1889), n. syn.

Hister pharaonis, Sch. Ent. Nachr. xv. p. 90 (1889), n. syn.

= Hister montanus, Mars. Mon. p. 413, p. 10, f. 33 (1857).

I have the type of the first named and a cotype from the

author of the second. Marseul’s description and figure of

montanus are very good, but both Schmidt and myself over-

looked it.

Hister belti, Lewis, n. n.

Hister castaneus, Lew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 465 (1885).

This species requires a new name, because Hololepta

castaneus, Ménétr., 1832, apparently is an older name for

Hister smyrneus, Mars., 1854. I have now named it after the

captor, Mr. Thomas Belt, whose book ‘The Naturalist in

Nicaragua’ is well known.

Peranus bimaculatus, Linn.

Hister bimaculatus, L., differs from Hister corvinus, Germ.,

which is the type of Thomson’s genus Atholus, by the

characters which distinguish Peranus.

Pachycrerus hyalus, sp. n.

Oblongo-ovatus, parum convexus, virescens, nitidus, pedibus obscure

brunneo-rufis; fronte concava, tenuiter punctulata; pronoto

undique punctato, stria marginali antice interrupta ; elytris striis

5 et subhumerali dimidiatis, 1-4 suturalique integris ; propygidio

punctato ; prosterno bistriato ; mesosterno acuminato, marginato ;

tibiis anticis 5-dentatis, dente apicali bifido.

L. 4 mill.

Oblong oval, rather convex, elytra brassy green, thorax

faintly coppery; the head, forehead, and clypeus concave

without a transverse stria, surface finely punctulate; the

thorax, marginal stria auteriorly fine and slightly interrupted

behind the head, surface clearly and evenly punctured; the

elytra, striz, subhumeral and fifth dimidiate, 1-4 complete,

sutural almost touches the base and it has an adjacent basal

puncture; the propygidium is wholly punctured like the

thorax ; the pygidium has smaller points and is somewhat

smooth at the apex ; the prosternum is bistriate, striz meeting

anteriorly and slightly widen out to the base; the meso-

sternum is rather sharply acuminate and marginate; the

anterior tibiee are 5-dentate, apical tooth bifid.

new Species of Histeride. 57

This species ts rather smaller than cyanipenn’s, Fahr., and

differs by the thorax being wholly punctate, by the sutural

stria almost touching the base, the mesosternum is more

sharply acuminate ae marginate, and the prosternal stria are

wider apart especially near and at the base. I have not seen

P. congonis, Sch., but it is elongate and has a distinct trans-

verse frontal stria.

Hab. Fernand-Vaz, French Congo (LZ. Fea, 1902). In

the Genoa Museum and my own collection.

Chlamydopsis (Byzenia) formicicola, King, 1869.

The name of this species appears as a synonym of C. stria-

tella, Westw., in my catalogue of 1905, but I have recently

received an example of King’s species from Mr. A. M. Lea

and I find that it is distinctly different. It differs by being

darker in colour, less quadrate in form (the elytra being

relatively longer), by the thorax being acutely angulate at the

anterior angles and the surface is less opaque and less dis-

tinctly granulate, by the elytra having the two elevations

behind the scutellum much less oblique and somewhat acutely

pointed at their ends. ‘The elevations in striatel/a are some-

what short, distinctly divided in the middle, oblique, and end

on each side obtusely. C. inguilina, Lew., differs from both

species by being nitid and the thorax is much less transverse

and is parallel laterally, the edges in front and at the sides

being uniformly and more strongly elevated ; the elytra also

have the elevations behind the scutellum perfectly transverse,

not oblique, and they are longer and acute at their ends and

there is scarcely any discernible median partition. ‘The legs

of inquilina are more robust, a character especially obvious at

the bases of the tibia, and the median angles of the tibiz are

all less acute. My specimens of tnquilina and striatedla are

trom Liverpool, N. 8. Wales.

The species of this genus are probably numerous, and I

think that the elevations on the elytra behind the scutellum

are likely to afford good specific characters. Mr. Lea has

sent me a sketch in outline of a most remarkable new species,

lately found in Australia, which will require the founding

of anew genus for its reception. ‘The head is entirely con-

cealed by its protruding thorax, a structure otherwise only

known in the Histeride in the genus Xiphonotus.

Saprinus erarius, n. n,

Saprinus wratus, Lew. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. iv.

p: 301 (1909), requires a new name, as Erichson employed

eratus in 1834.

Mr. H. B. Preston on

eb |

io 8)

Hypocaccus varians, Sch., 1890.

This species, first discovered in Japan, and latter in China

and Ceylon, has now been found in Australia at Sand Islet,

Long Reef. Some examples have the marginal stria of the

mesosternum interrupted anteriorly. The Australian speci-

mens are in the British Museum: all have the sutural dorsal

stria abbreviated. As its name indicates, its sculpture is

extremely variable.

Hypocaccus apricartus, Er.

Herr C. Bruch has found this species at Montevideo.

Vil.—Further Additions to the Molluscan Fauna of Central

Africa. By H. B. Preston, F.Z.S.

[Plates IV. & V.]

Helicarion perfragilis, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

Shell ovate, thin, transparent, shining, amber-colour ;

whorls 3, rapidly increasing in size, the last dilated below,

marked with indistinct growth-lines ; sutures scarcely im-

pressed, very narrowly margined ; labrum acute; aperture

large, ovate, elongately dilated.

Alt. 4:25, diam. maj. 8°25, diam. min. 6 mm.

Aperture: alt. 4, diam. 5 mm.

Hab. Maringo Plateaux, Belgian Congo.

Thapsia gerett, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Shell discoidal, thin, hyaline, rather opaque, pale greyish

white; spire somewhat elevated; whorls 54, marked with

transverse growth-lines, which become more noticeable on the

base; sutures impressed, narrowly margined; umbilicus

narrow, deep; peristome descending very obliquely; labrum

simple, acute ; aperture obliquely broadly lunate.

Alt. 3, diam. maj. 5°75, diam. min. 5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 2, diam. 2 mm.

Hab. Maringo Plateaux, Belgian Congo.

Allied to 7’. m/xta, Smith, from Chiradzulu, Nyika Plateau,

British Central Africa, but more closely coiled and with the

spire more elevated than in that species.

Mollusca from Central Africa. 59

Subulina maringoensis, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Shell subulate, shining, thin, yellowish horn-colour ;

whorls 9, somewhat convex, sculptured with fine transverse

striz, which are more marked immediately below the sutures ;

sutures deeply impressed, crenellate; columella arched,

curved, obliquely truncate; labrum acute ; aperture inversely

auriform.

Alt. 14, diam. maj. 3-5 mm.

Aperture: alt, 2°25, diam. 1°25 mm.

Hab. Maringo Plateaux, Belgian Congo.

The species may be compared with S. octona, Linn., but is

much less blunt at the apex and has considerably more convex

whorls.

Limnea anceyana, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

Shell fusiformly ovate, thin, semitransparent, pale yellowish

horn-colour ; whorls 5, rapidly increasing in size, the last

somewhat laterally contracted, marked irregularly with lines

of growth; sutures well impressed; columella descending

obliquely, twisted and diffused into a very thin callus which

reaches the lip above; labrum acute; aperture elongately

ovate.

Alt. 19, diam. maj. 7, diam. min. 5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 9, diam. 5 mm.

Hab. Maringo River, Belgian Congo.

Unio angoniensis, sp.n. (Fig. 5.)

Shell ovate, slightly angled posteriorly, covered with a

blackish-brown laminiferous periostracum ; sculptured with

closely set, irregular, concentric growth-lines, and posteriorly

with curved, transverse, interrupted, slightly nodulous riblets ;

umbones much eroded, rather large, moderately prominent;

dorsal margin somewhat ascending, scarcely arched ; ventral

margin nearly straight ; anterior side abruptly rounded ;

posterior side sloping above, then angled and descending

sharply below ; lateral teeth elongate, curved ; cardinal tooth

in right valve elongate, erect and jagged anteriorly, partially

cleft posteriorly ; cardinal tooth in left valve somewhat

triangular, broad, tuberculous in the middle, erect and jagged

at the sides; anterior adductor scars deeply impressed, ovate ;

posterior adductor scars light; interior of shell nacreous, pink

anteriorly, livid bluish posteriorly.

Long. 26, lat. 39 mm.

Hab. Angoniland, British Central Africa, to the south of

Lake Nyassa.

60 Mr. HU. B. Preston on

Unio charon, sp.n. (Fig. 6.)

Shell elongately ovate, slightly gaping at both sides,

covered with a black periostracum, corrugately sculptured

towards the umbonal region and marked below with irregular

concentric ridges ; umbones eroded, moderately large, not

prominent; dorsal margin curved; ventral margin slightly

constricted in the middle, otherwise straight; anterior side

rather produced, angularly rounded ; posterior side elon-

gately produced, sharply rounded ; lateral teeth in both valves

elongate, curved; cardinal tooth in right valve elongate,

rather fine, rising considerably in the middle; cardinal tooth

in left valve almost obsolete, serrated anteriorly ; anterior

adductor scars deep, somewhat square in shape ; posterior

adductor scars scarcely impressed ; interior of shell nacreous,

bluish white.

Long. 26°5, lat. 52 mm.

Hab. Silongwe, British Central Africa.

Unio vicinus, sp.n. (Fig. 7.)

Shell differing from U. charon by its narrower form and

somewhat more acuminate posterior side, lighter texture,

much smoother concentric sculpture, and paler colour, the

periostracum being of a pale yellowisl-brown colour; the

muscular scars are much larger, and, in the case of the ante-

rior adductor, more deeply impressed.

Long. 24, lat. 52 mm.

Hab. Silongwe, British Central Africa.

Unio choziensis, sp.n. (Fig. 8.)

Shell small, squarely ovate, moderately convex, covered

with a blackish-brown periostracum, sculptured with fine

concentric strize and rather coarse, transverse, corrugated

ridges, which become finer posteriorly ; umbones not promi-

nent ; dorsal margin sloping in an anterior direction ; ventral

margin slightly rounded ; anterior side descending somewhat

abruptly ; posterior side rather acuminately rounded ; lateral

teeth elongate, straight; cardinal tooth in right valve weak,

jagged, erect anteriorly, bifureate posteriorly ; cardinal teeth

in left valve elongate, finely jagged, cleft anteriorly ; muscular

scars deeply impressed anteriorly, scarcely apparent poste-

riorly ; interior of shell iridescent, bluish white.

Long. 16°25, lat. 25 mm.

Hab. Chozi River, a tributary of the Chambzi, flowing

into Lake Bangweolo from the east.

Mollusca from Central Africa. 61

Unio gereti, sp.n. (Fig. 9.)

Shell ovate, somewhat tumid, covered with a dark brown

silky periostracum and sculptured with fine rather closely set

concentric lines of growth; umbones slightly eroded, promi-

nent ; dorsal margin nearly straight; ventral margin scarcely

rounded ; anterior side angled above, obtusely rounded below ;

posterior side sloping obliquely, sharply rounded below ;

lateral teeth short anteriorly, elongately curved posteriorly ;

anterior cardinal tooth in right valve short, rather square,

erect, jagged, incised on the outer side; median cardinal

tooth very small ; posterior cardinal rather small, projecting ;

anterior cardinal in left valve bluntly triangular, incised

posteriorly ; posterior cardinal bifurcate, thus presenting the

appearance of a double tooth ; anterior adductor scars ovate,

well impressed ; posterior adductor scars moderately im-

pressed ; interior of shell pale bluish white, somewhat

iridescent.

Long. 36°5, lat. 61 mm.

Hab, Lake Tanganyika.

Unio mashone, sp.n. (Fig. 10.)

Shell elongately ovate, rather tumid, covered with a dark

blackish-brown periostracum, sculptured with somewhat

coarse and irregular concentric striw, angled posteriorly ;

umbones rather large, prominent though much eroded;

dorsal margin nearly straight; ventral margin almost straight,

but very slightly constricted towards the middle; anterior

side rounded above, sloping below; posterior side produced,

bluntly acuminate ; anterior lateral teeth very short; poste-

rior laterals long and coarse ; cardinal teeth in right valve

wedge-shaped, solid in left valve, broad, serrated ; anterior

adductor scar ovate, moderately deep ; posterior adductor scar

narrowly fan-shaped, well impressed; palleal impression

coarse, nacreous, pinkish in colour; outer margins of interior

of shell nacreous, bluish white.

Long. 80, lat. 37°5 mm.

Hab. Asluit about 16 miles from Eukeldoorn, Mashonaland

(Miss Ella Sharpe- Youngs).

Type in British Museum.

Unio shireensis,sp.n. (Fig. 11.)

Shell ovate, moderately tumid, covered with a pale, reddish-

brown, rather thin periostracam, which becomes thicker,

62 Mr. H. B. Preston on

foliaceous, and darker in colour posteriorly, both valves sculp-

tured with coarse concentric growth-lines; umbones much

eroded, rather small; dorsal margin somewhat arched; ventral

margin slightly rounded ; anterior side rounded above, sloping

below ; posterior side bluntly rostrate; anterior lateral teeth

very short; posterior laterals long and straight, slightly

serrated ; cardinal teeth curved, massive, jagged, especially in

left valve; anterior adductor scar deeply excavated, squarish ;

posterior adductor scar irregularly triangular, not deeply

impressed ; interior of shell iridescent, pale pinkish, shading

to bluish white towards the ventral, anterior, and posterior

margins.

Long. 21, lat. 37 mm.

Hab. Shiré River, at a point from 3 to 4 kilometres to the

south of Lake Nyassa (Mgr. Lechaptots).

Mutela opalescens, sp.n. (Fig. 12.)

Shell moderately thin, irregularly rectangular, posteriorly

angled, covered with a thin olive-brown periostracum, sculp-

tured with fine irregular lines of growth and fine, transverse,

radiate striae, which are more apparent anteriorly ; umbones

eroded, very small, flattish; dorsal margin ascending, ante-

riorly straight, posteriorly very slightly curved at the top of

an almost wing-like expansion; ventral margin scarcely

rounded, very slightly constricted towards the middle; ante-

rior side short, descending obliquely, somewhat excavated ;

posterior side produced below, bluntly rounded; hinge-teeth

obsolete ; adductor scars moderately impressed; __palleal

impression rosy, iridescent pink; outer margins opalescent,

the radiate strie very noticeable in the interior of the shell.

Long. 73, lat. 35 mm.

Hab. Shiré River, at a point from 3 to 4 kilometres to the

south of Lake Nyassa (Mgr. Lechaptois).

In places where the periostracum is lacking, through process

of erosion, the shell appears to be highly iridescent.

Mutela cuneata, sp.n. (Fig. 13.)

Shell differing from M. opalescens by its narrower and more

elongate form, much more solid texture, and in the adductor

and other scars in both valves being much more deeply

impressed ; the interior of the shell is more nacreous and

presents a finely granular appearance, which is not the case

in M. opalescens; moreover the transverse striz do not appear

in the interior of the shell as in that species.

Long. (of type specimen) 36, lat. 81 mm.

Mollusea from Central Africa. 63

Hab. Karonga, northern end of Lake Nyassa (J/gr. Le-

chaptois).

I have before me a good series of this shell, the largest

specimen measuring 42°5 by 97 mm.

Spatha approximans, sp.n. (Fig. 14.)

Shell closely allied to S. nyassensis, Lea *, but broader

posteriorly, more acuminate, and covered with a periostracum

much paler in colour ; the interior of the shell is exceedingly

finely granulate.

Long. 64, lat. 100 mm.

Hab. Shiré River, at a point from 3 to 4 kilometres to the

south of Lake Nyassa (Mgr. Lechaptois).

Spatha bertilloniana, sp.n. (Fig. 15.)

Shell moderately flat, rectangularly ovate, solid, scarcely

angled posteriorly, covered with a fine reddish-chestnut peri-

ostracum, sculptured with coarse, broad, somewhat distant,

concentric growth-lines and very fine, transverse, radiate

strie ; umbones small, not prominent ; dorsal margin nearly

straight, somewhat ascending; ventral margin constricted

towards the middle ; anterior side squarely rounded ; poste-

rior side broadly produced, bluntly acuminate; anterior

adductor scars ovate, well impressed ; posterior adductor scars

broadly ovate, moderately impressed ; infra-umbonal visceral

scar in right valve broad, in left valve small, short, and deep ;

palleal margin coarsely defined; interior of shell nacreous,

pinkish white, iridescent, especially towards the posterior side,

sculptured with fine, interlacing, irregular, wavy striz con-

verging towards the centre of the shell.

Long. 51°5, lat. 97 mm.

Hab, Karonga, north end of Lake Nyassa.

A very handsome species, of which the internal sculpture

is most curious and may, in a measure, be compared to the

markings of finger-prints ; in the single specimen before me

this remarkable sculpture is much more apparent in the right

than in the left valve.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES,

Prats IV,

Fig. 1. Helicarion perfragilis, sp. n.

Fig. 2. Thapsia gereti, sp. n.

Fig. 3. Subulina maringoensis, sp, n.

* Proc, Zool. Soe, London, 1877, p. 719.

64 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

Fig. 4. Limnea anceyana, sp, n.

Fig. 5. Unio angoniensis, sp. n.

Fig. 6. charon, sp. n.

Fig. 7. vicinus, sp. n.

Fig. 8. choziensis, sp. D.

Fig. 9. gerett, sp. n.

Fig. 10. mashone, sp. 0.

Fig. 11. shireensis, sp. n.

tg. 12. Mutela opalescens, sp. n.

PLATE V.

Fig. 13. Mutela cuneata, sp. n.

Fig. 14. Spatha approximans, sp. n.

Fig. 15. bertilloniana, sp. n.

VIII.—On a few new Bornean Beetles of the Rutelid Genera

Mimela and Anomala. By GiLBert J. ARROW.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE British Museum collection contains a very considerable

number of species of the great genus Anomala from Borneo,

few of which have at present been described. Some of the

more interesting forms are here characterized and two species

of the closely related genus Mamela areadded. ‘The group of

species at the end of this paper form a new section of

Anomala, distinguished by a sexual difference in the pygidium,

of a kind hitherto unknown.

Mimela pallidicauda, sp. n.

Lete flava, levissime sneo-micans, fronte, pronoto (lateribus ex-

ceptis), elytris, dorsoque, pygidii apice excepto, saturate viridibus,

partibus illis flavo-viridibus, tarsis posticis viridi-eneis; ovata,

sat convexa, modice nitida; clypeo lato, crebre punctato, fronte

irregulariter punctata; pronoto fortiter, lateribus minus crebre,

punctato, marginibus lateralibus post medium fere angulatis,

angulis posticis rotundatis ; scutello distincte punctato; elytris

fortiter seriato-punctatis, interstitio secundo lato, irregulariter

punctato; pygidio nudo, fortiter sat crebre punctato ; mesosterno

haud producto, metasterni lateribus dense punctatis, griseo-

pubescentibus, medio levi; abdomine subtus punctato; tibiis

anticis fortiter bidentatis.

Long. 15 mm.; lat. max. 9 mm.

Hab. Labuan. Sumatra.

I have seen only two female specimens, the type in the

new Dornean Beetles, 65

British Museum having been brought from Labuan, while

the specimen from Sumatra was taken by Dr. A. R. Wallace

and is in the Oxford Museum.

The colour is a deep grass-green, the legs and lower

surface bright yellow, with a faint metallic-green lustre, and

the clypeus, the sides of the pronotum, and the posterior part

of the pygidium light green-yellow. ‘lhe species is similar

in size and general appearance tu J/. wanthorrhina, Hope, but

’ of a deeper and richer green colour ; while the elytra are not

pale-bordered and are rather less coarsely and more evenly

punctured, without coste.

Mimela margarita, sp. n.

Ovalis, elongata, convexa, nitida, corpore supra roseo-viridi, mar-

garitaceo, subtus cum pedibus testaceo, leviter aurulento; clypeo

rugose punctato, fronte prothoraceqnue subtiliter sat squaliter

punctatis, hoc brevi, lateribus arcuatis, angulis anticis acutis,

posticis rotundatis ; scutello levissime punctato; elytris subtiliter

sat regulariter seriato-punctatis, interstitio secundo irregulariter

punctato ; pygidio ventrisque segmento ultimo grossissime crebre

punctatis ; corpore subtus lateribus griseo-pubescenti, metasterni

medio levi, abdomine punctato ; mesosterno haud producto ; tibiis

anticis fortiter bidentatis.

Long. 16°5 mm.; lat. max. 8-5 mm.

Hab. N. Borneo: Kina Balu.

I have seen only the single type specimen taken by White-

head. It is an unusually elongate species, with the upper

surface of a pale green colour suffused with a delicate poarly-

pink lustre, changing according to the incidence of the light.

The head and pronotum are more distinctly green than the

elytra; the pygidium is of the same colour as the latter

and is very coarsely and closely punctured. ‘he puncturation

of the rest of the upper surface is very fine.

Anomala flutipes, sp. n.

Flayo-testacea, rufo-brunneo-maculata, prothoracis plagis duabus,

elytrorum humeris, regione circumscutellari parteque postica

(linea irregulariter obliqua delimitata), pygidio, pedibus parti-

busque inferioribus aut pallidis aut obscuris; ovata, sat lata,

ubique profundissime punctata, capite dense et rugose punctato ;

pronoto grosse punctato, linea media levi, lateribus contluenter

punctatis ; scutello minute punctato; elytris fortiter, hic et illic

irregulariter et rugose, punctato-striatis ; pygidio grosse et rugose

punctato; corpore subtus subtilius punctato, lateribus haud dense

griseo-hirsuto ; mesosterno haud producto; metasterni lateribus

Ann. & Mag. N, Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 5

66 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

dense punctatis; tibiis anticis bidentatis, posticis basi angustis,

deinde inflatis.

Long. 14 mm.; lat. max. 9 mm,

Hab, Sarawak : Matang (3600 ft., March-June).

This peculiar insect was taken in numbers by Mr. R.

Shelford’s native collectors. It is one of the best-marked

species of the enormous genus Anomala, and cannot be com-

pared to any other. It is a short, compactly built, species,

with the hind tibia swollen in the middle and tapering to a

slender footstalk at its attachment to the femur. The elytra

have in both sexes a slight lateral depression behind the

shoulder and are widest just behind this. The posterior half,

the shoulders, and the region adjacent to the scutellum are

rather bright reddish chocolate, and the prothorax bears two

large spots of the same colour. The entire upper surface is

very deeply and strongly punctured.

Anomala prolixa, sp. n.

Castaneo-brunnea, leviter aeneo-micans, segmentorum abdominalium

lateribus flavo-spilotis, corpore elongato, antice angustato, supra

nitidissimo, pectore dense, abdomine pygidioque postice parcius,

flavo-hirsutis; capite subopaco, rugose punctato; prothorace

modice punctato, medio leviter sulcato, lateribus medio angulatis,

angulis posticis fere productis ; scutello lateribus distincte punc-

tatis; elytris longis, fere ad apices dilatatis, antice disperse

subtiliter punctatis, deinde magis regulariter, postice striato-

punctatis, late membranaceo-marginatis ; pygidio omnino rugoso ;

mesosterno antice haud prominenti; tibiis anticis bidentatis.

Long. 23 mm.; lat. max. 11:°5-13 mm.

Hab. N. Borneo: Kina Balu ( Whitehead).

I have seen only four female examples, which, like the two

preceding species, formed part of the Alexander Fry Bequest

to the British Museum. ‘The shape of this insect is peculiar

Among the metallic species of Anomala it is unusually elon-

gate, and the elytra gradually widen from the shoulders

almost to the end. Their membranous fringes are wide and

conspicuous, but the line of junction with the elytra becomes

indefinite at the hinder part. ‘The prothorax is rather small

in proportion, rather abruptly narrowed towards the front

angles, with the hind angles sharp. Each abdominal segment

has a large yellow spot on each side, and an indistinct spot is

sometimes traceable also on each side of the pygidium, which

is prominent, rather finely rugose, and furnished with long

hairs upon its posterior half.

new Bornean Beetles. 67

Anomala soror, sp. n.

Castaneo-brunnea, aureo-micans, corpore subtus rufo-cupreo, seg-

mentorum abdominalium lateribus flavo-spilotis ; elongata, niti-

dissima, pectore sat dense, abdominis lateribus pygidioque postice

parcius flavo-hirsutis ; clypeo rugoso, fronte crebre punctata, pro-

thorace distincte et equaliter punctato; scutello ubique minute

punctato ; elytris subtiliter seriato-punctatis, angustissime mem-

branaceo-marginatis ; pygidio sat nitido, grossissime et conflucnter

punctato; mesosterno haud prominenti; tibiis anticis bidentatis.

Long. 19 mm.; lat. max. 10 mm.

Hab. N. Borneo: Kina Balu ( Whitehead).

A single female specimen was taken with the preceding

species, to which it has the closest resemblance. It isa little

smaller, of a similar elongate shape, but with the elytra less

dilated behind, the hind angles of the prothorax less sharp,

and the puncturation of the pronotum, scutellum, and elytra

a little stronger and more evenly distributed. ‘I'he coloration

is exactly similar, but the quite different sculpture of the

pygidium and the narrow membranous fringe to the elytra

readily distinguish the present species.

It is remarkable to find two species so closely related

inhabiting the same locality,

Anomala matanga, sp. n.

Testacea, capite, prothoracis medio, scutello (medio excepto), pectore-

que partim metallico-viridibus, abdomine, tibiis tarsisque cupreis,

elytrorum marginibus omnibus punctorumque fascia transversim

nigris; elongata, deplanata, antice et postice attenuata, sat

nitida; capite toto dense punctato, clypeo fere semicirculari;

prothorace crebre punctato, punctis paulo transversis; elytris

insequaliter sulcatis, disperse punctulatis, postice fere planatis,

separatim arcuatis; pygidio prominenti, transverse haud crebre

rugoso-punctato, parce setoso ; pectore fere nudo, abdomine parce

griseo-hirto; mesosterno haud producto; coxis posticis latis, intus

angulatim retro productis ; tarsis posticis elongatis, quam tibiis

multo longioribus ; tibiis anticis bidentatis.

Long. 11 mm.; lat. max. 5 mm.

Hab. Sarawak: Matang (3600 ft., June 1900).

This small species, of which there are two males in our

collection, is of very peculiar form. It is long and depressed,

with the elytra flattened, the abdomen tapering and largely

exposed behind the elytra, and the hind legs very long and

slender. It is prettily marked, entirely metallic, except the

elytra, which are testaceous, with black margins and four

68 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

median black spots upon each, forming longitudinal pairs,

with a pale spot between each pair. ‘here is sometimes a

smaller black spot a little anteriorly. The pronotum and

scutellum are bright green, the latter with a central yellow

spot, the former with a yellow lateral border continued almost

round the base.

Anomala pulicaris, sp. n.

Metallico-testacea vel eenea, elytris nigris, maculis plerumque flavis

transversis ante medium, pronoti margine laterali pallido, postice

plus minusve producto, scutelli medio plerumque flave-maculato ;

parva, elongata, paulo deplanata, postice attenuata, corpore subtus

toto parce griseo-piloso ; capite crebre punctato, clypeo fere semi-

circulari; prothorace modice lato, subtiliter sat equaliter punc-

tato, punctis paulo transversis, lateribus arcuatis, angulis posticis

distinctis ; scutello toto punctato; elytris inequaliter sulcatis,

disperse punctulatis, postice parum convexis, separatim arcuatis ;

pygidio prominenti, leviter plicato, sicut corpore subtus parce

hirsuto; mesosterno haud producto; tibiis anticis bidentatis ;

pedibus posticis validis, coxis latis, intus angulatim retro pro-

ductis, tarsis longis.

Long. 7°5 mm.; lat. max. 3°5 mm.

Hab. N. Borneo: Kina Balu ( Whitehead).

The Museum collection contains two males and one female,

all different in coloration. In the femaie the head and pro-

notum are yellowish-green, with the clypeus and the margins

of the pronotum paler, and the whole lower surface, with the

pygidium and legs, are golden, only the hind tibie being

golden-green. In the males the head and pronotum, except

the outer margins of the latter, are very deep green, as well as

all the tibiz and tarsi. In one specimen the abdomen is also

dark and the pale spots are absent from the elytra. In all

the specimens the elytra alone are non-metallic, and the spots,

when present, consist of a pair very near the suture before the

middle, a smaller anterior pair distant from one another, and

a posterior pair still more so.

A. pulicaris is closely related to A. matanga, but is very

small, with the prothorax rather more convex and _ less

narrowed in front.

Anomala quadrigemina, sp. n.

q J » Sp

Pallide testacea, verticis maculis duabus, prothoracis maculis quatuor

discoidalibus, spe longitudinaliter confiuentibus, elytrisque

punctis quatuor post-scutellaribus, his nonnunquam omnibus

conjugatis, propygidio ventrisque medio plerumque rufo-piceis ;

new Bornean Beetlks. 69

ovalis, convexa, sat nitida, capite crebre punctato, clypei margine

omnino arcuato; prothorace fortiter et crebre punctato, lateribus

arcuatis, angulis posticis rotundatis; scutello bene punctato ;

elytris profunde punctato-striatis ; pygidio crebre et grosse punc-

tato; corpore subtus fere nudo, modice punctato; mesosterno

haud producto ; tibiis anticis fortiter bidentatis.

Long. 7 mm. ; lat. max. 4-45 mm.

Hab. North Borneo: Labuan, Sandakan.

This is another small and rather variable species. It is

pale and not at all metallic, with reddish-brown markings,

usually consisting of two spots upon the forehead, four upon

the disk of the prothorax, and four forming a square behind

the scutellum, together with the propygidium and the greater

part of the abdomen beneath. There may be in addition on

each side a lateral prothoracic spot, one on the shoulder, one

behind it, and one near the apex of the elytron. The markings

may partially or entirely disappear, and, on the other hand,

sometimes increase and cover a large part of the surface.

‘The discoidal thoracic spots on each side then unite, leaving a

narrow pale median line, and the posterior pair of elytral

spots develop into a large patch, leaving free only the region

adjoining the scutellum (enclosing the anterior pair of spots)

and an apical border.

Anomala felicia, sp. n.

Saturate viridi-cuprea, prothoracis lateribus, pygidio, femoribusque

plerumque, pectoreque nonnunquam, aureo-flavis ; elongato-ovata,

corpore subtus haud dense flavo-pubescente ; capite rugose punc-

tato, clypeo lato, margine rotundato ; prothorace brevi, equaliter

crebre punctato, omnino marginato, angulis anticis acutis, posticis

obtusis; scutello bene punctato; elytris profunde et fortiter

punctato-striatis, striis invequalibus, secunda antice disrupta ;

pygidio grosse vix rugose punctato ; metasterni lateribus dense,

abdomineque toto disperse sed fortiter, punctato ; mesosterno haud

producto ; tibiis anticis fortiter bidentatis.

Long. 11-13 mm.; lat. max. 6-7 mm.

Hab. Sarawak: Penrissen. N. Borneo: Kina Balu.

E. Borneo: Sanga Sanga.

This seems to be acommon and widely distributed Bornean

species. It is of similar size and appearance to A. assimilis,

Boisd., and A. enetveniris, Fairm., but the prothorax is

shorter and less narrowed in front, and the pygidium is

without hair and coarsely pitted instead of finely rugose.

The four species which follow form, with others, a group of

70 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

excessively similar forms characterized by a peculiar difference

between the sexes. In the males the pygidium is very finely

rugose and quite opaque, while in the females it is shining

and punctured. All the species are bronzy and finely and

closely punctured above, the elytra a little less densely punce-

tured than the pronotum and entirely without strie. The

sides of the body are hairy beneath and the pygidium bears

scanty hairs. There is no sternal process and the front tibize

are bidentate.

Euchlora aureola, Hope, described from a single male, is a

member of this group. Both sexes were found by Doherty

at Perak. It is distinguished from all the following species

by its very broad and conspicuous elytral membrane; but all

the species of the group are so extremely close in their ex-

ternal characters that the examination of the genitalia of the

males is necessary for their certain discrimination.

Anomala silama, sp. n.

Viridi-cuprea, prothoracis marginibus lateralibus vage pallidioribus,

corpore subtus femoribusque cupreo-flavis, tibiis tarsisque rufo-

cupreis; elongato-ovata, convexa, corpore supra toto crebre

punctato, prothoracis angulis anticis acutis, paulo productis,

pygidio parcissime ciliato :

¢, clypeo toto rugoso, pygidio minutissime rugoso, forcipis lobis

dorsalibus brevibus, apice valde inflexis, subtus basi haud approxi-

matis :

Q , clypeo dense punctato, pygidio modice, paulo transverse, punctato.

Long. 22-23°5 mm.; lat. max. 115-13 mm.

Hab. N. Borneo: Silam (S. B. J. Skertchley). E. Borneo:

Moorjawa (H. D. Jensen).

The colour is a deep coppery green like that of A. aureola,

Hope, but the lower surface and femora are yellowish, with a

slight metallic lustre, and the tibize and tarsi fiery red. The

extreme lateral edges of the pronotum are also of a yellowish

tinge. ‘The shape is more elongate than that of A. aureola or

of the two following species, and the front angles of the

thorax are a little produced. ‘he clypeus is rugose in the

male and densely but distinctly punctured in the female.

The pygidium bears only a few inconspicuous hairs, and is

very finely granulated in the male, and punctured, not very

coarsely, in the female.

Anomala posticalis, sp. n.

Obscure cuprea, femoribus castaneis, metallico-micantibus, tibiis

new Bornean Beetles. 71

tarsisque viridi-wneis ; ovata, modice lata, convexa, corpore supra

toto crebre punctato, elytris punctorum paulo majorum seriebus

aliquibus prebentibus, prothorace modice angusto, angulis anticis

acutis, paulo productis, pygidio longe hirto:

¢ , clypeo toto rugoso, pygidio opaco, minute rugoso, forcipis lobis

dorsalibus brevibus, apice emarginatis, haud inflexis, subtus basi

productis, approximatis:

@, clypeo dense punctato, pygidio nitido, grosse punctato,

Long. 22-24 mm.; lat. max. 13-14 mm.

Hab. Sarawak: P. Burong (R. Shelford, April), Srai

(J. £. Lewis, May).

This is a large ovate form, bronzy green above and beneath,

with the femora reddish and the tibiz and tarsi dark green.

The pronotum is moderately long and tapering, with the front

angles a little produced. ‘The elytra bear several longitudinal

rows of punctures a little larger than the rest. The clypeus

is rugose in the male and densely punctured in the female,

and the pygidium is thinly clothed with long hairs, finely

granulated in the male and very coarsely punctured in the

temale.

Anomata biformis, sp. n.

Rufo-cuprea, nitida, corpore subtus viridiore, pedibus igneo-cupreis ;

sat late ovata, convexa, corpore supra crebre punctato, utriusque

sexus clypeo omnino rugoso, prothoracis angulis anticis acutis,

haud productis, pygidio parce ciliato:

3, pygidio opaco, rugoso, forcipis lobis dorsalibus lengis, apice haud

inflexis, subtus basi productis, approximatis :

2 , pygidio nitido, grosse punctato.

Long. 17-21 mm. ; lat. max. 10-12 mm.

Hab, 8.E. Borneo: Banjermassin.

A, biformis is rather smaller than the two foregoing species,

rather broadly oval in shape, and shining coppery red above,

the colour being like that of A. limata, Cand., and A. cantori,

Hope. ‘The lower surface is more greenish and the legs are

fiery red. The clypeus is entirely rugose in both sexes, the

pygidium very thinly hairy, densely granular in the male and

very coarsely punctured in the female. ‘The front angles of

the thorax are less acuminate than in the allied forms.

Anomala whitehead/, sp. n.

Viridi-cuprea, pedibus igneo-cupreis ; elongato-ovata, convexa,

corpore supra toto crebre punctato, prothoracis angulis anticis

modice acutis, parum productis, pygidio parcissime ciliato :

12 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

¢, pygidio dense rugoso, forcipis lobis dorsalibus longis, apice

inflexis, subtus basi productis, approximatis.

Long. 21 mm.; lat. max. 11°5 mm.

Hab. North Borneo: Kina Balu (Whitehead).

I have seen only two male examples of this. Like A. bi-

formis, it has the lower surface of the body coppery green

‘and the legs metallic crimson, but the upper surface is more

green and the body is proportionately narrower,

1X.— Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—lIl.

By Row.anp E. Turner, F.Z.8., F.E.S.

On a Collection from the Solomon Islands.

THE species described here were collected by Mr. W. W.

Froggatt, of Sydney, and sent to me for identification. One

or two were sent to the British Museum by Mr. Woodford

many years ago. As might be expected, they are nearly

allied to New Guinea species, and many wide-ranging species

were included, a list of which will be published by

Mr. Froggatt.

Thynnus barbarus, sp. n.

g. Clypeus large, very broadly truncate at the apex, the

angles not produced, longitudinally striated, deeply punctured

between the striz, pointed at the base and joined by a very

short narrow carina to the broadly rounded apex of the inter-

antennal carina. Labrum finely punctured and ciliate at the

apex, narrowly truncate on the apical margin, not emarginate

or bilobed, projecting much beyond the clypeus. Head finely

punctured rugulose, a deep frontal sulcus not reaching the

anterior ocellus, the space between the posterior ocelli and the

eyes shining and almost smooth. Antenne of almost even

thickness throughout, shorter than the thorax and median

segment combined. ‘Thorax and abdomen closely punctured,

most finely and closely on the pronotum and sides of the

mesonotum, pleure finely punctured. Pronotum narrowed

anteriorly ; the anterior margin almost as wide as the head,

yaised, with a transverse groove behind it. Scutellum large,

very broadly rounded at the apex and very feebly subtuber-

culate in the middle of the apical margin. Median segment

obliquely truncate from the postscutellum, the surface of the

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 73

truncation finely rugulose. Abdomen elongate-conical, the

first segment truncate at the base; sixth ventral segment

with a spine on each side at the apical angles; seventh dorsal

segment produced into a flattened plate, longitudinally striated

and narrowly truncate at the apex. Hypopygium with a

spine on each side near the base and another at each of the

apical angles and a strong apical spine, obliquely striated

above. First ventral segment not carinate and not separated

deeply from the second. ‘Third abscissa of the radius half as

long again as the second; first recurrent nervure received

rather near the apex of the second cubital cell, second at one-

quarter from the base of the third cubital cell.

Black ; the orbits of the eyes interrupted at the summit

and a small spot on each side on dorsal abdominal segments

4-5 and of ventral segments 2-5 pale yellow; tlfe spots on

the dorsal segments sometimes absent. Wings pale fusco-

hyaline, nervures black.

Length 24, exp. 39 mm.

9. Clypeus transverse, punctured, without a carina ;

mandibles falcate, deeply grooved above. Eyes not touching

the base of the mandibles; the antennz inserted further

from each other than from the eyes; a deep shining depres-

sion above the base of the antenne, extending to the eyes,

but not reaching halfway to the vertex. Head deeply and

closely punctured, more than half as broad again as long,

somewhat flattened, the vertex broadly smooth and shining.

Pronotum coarsely punctured, with an obscure, longitudinal,

median carina, about one-third broader than long, rectangular,

the anterior margin with a row of long hairs; scutellum

small, finely punctured and clothed with long hairs; median

segment shorter than the scutellum, smooth and shining and

obliquely truncate posteriorly. First abdominal segment

truncate anteriorly, the dorsal surface finely and closely

punctured, clothed with long hairs in the middle, the apical

margin narrowly depressed; second segment with about

twelve transverse caring, low at the base, increasing in height

to the apex, segments 3-5 smooth and shining; ventral

segments shallowly punctured, tie fifth coarsely longitu-

dinally striated. Pygidium truncate posteriorly, sharply

contracted at the base of the truncation, the dorsal plate

trilobed, with arched carina at the base, the lateral lobes

almost straight on the outer margin, the angles slightly

prominent; ventral plate projecting beyond the dorsal,

rounded, with an emargination at the apex, the lateral

margins feebly serrate. Anterior tibie strongly emarginate

at the apex, intermediate tibie thickened, the first joint of the

74 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

intermediate tarsi moderately thickened and spinose. Tarsal

ungues bidentate.

Black, the pubescence cinereous; a spot on each side of

the first dorsal abdominal segment, a smaller one on each

side of the second, and a narrow transverse band narrowly

interrupted in the middle near the apex of the third segment

yellow. Spines of the tibize and tarsi dark fusco-ferruginous.

Length 16 mm.

Hab, Gavuta, Solomon Islands (Froggatt). 2 g,1 ¢.

Allied to 7. serriger, Sharp, and TJ’. olivaceus, Turn., and

belongs to the genus Z’hynnus in the most limited sense.

Anoplius (Episyron) froggatti, sp. n.

Q. Clyptus three times as broad as long, the apical

margin transverse, not rounded. Second joint of the flagel-

lum long, the first and second equal in length to the third

and fourth combined. Hyes separated on the vertex by a

distance about equal to the length of the third joint of the

flagellum, the posterior ocelli a little further from each other

than from the eyes. Pronotum short, broadly rounded ante-

riorly, the posterior margin very feebly ‘arched. Scutellum

large, slightly convex, broadly rounded at the apex. Median

segment as broad at the base as long, slightly narrowed to

the apex. Abdomen subsessile, opaque, the sixth dorsal

segment narrowly rounded at the apex. ‘l'arsal ungues bi-

dentate, tibiz spinose. First and third abscisse of the radius

equal, united a little longer than the second, the second

cubital cell half as long again as the third on the cubital

nervure, the recurrent nervures received by the second and

third cubital cells respectively beyond two-thirds from the

base ; cubitus of the hind wing originating just before the

transverse cubital nervure.

Opaque black, the margins of the eyes very narrowly,

broadly interrupted on the summit, a spot at the apex of the

coxe and a spot on each side at the base of the third dorsal

segment of the abdomen dull creamy white; clypeus and

front clothed with fine white pubescence; postscutellum,

median segment, and first dorsal segment of the abdomen

thinly covered with blue scale-like hairs. Wings hyaline,

the apex fuscous from the apex of the radial cell.

Length 11 mm.

Hab. Solomon Islands (Froggatt). July.

Very near payuensis, Sm., but differs in the clypeus, which

is rounded in papuensis at the apex ; the present species also

has the third abscissa of the radius longer and the apical

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial [1ymenoptera, 75

dorsal segment of the abdomen more distinctly rounded at

the apex. ‘I'he coloured marks are more numerous and more

extensive on papuensis. In the form of the clypeus the present

species resembles lepidohirtus, Turn., from Queensland, but in

that species the median segment is much broader, the third

abscissa of the radius shorter, as in papuensis, and the

recurrent nervures received further from the apex of the cells.

The differences are probably of subspecific rather than of

specific importance.

Cryptocheilus (Priocnemis) woodfordi, sp. n.

9. Clypeus twice as broad as long, slightly convex, porrect

and almost transverse at the apex, covered with very fine

golden pubescence, with a few scattered punctures each

bearing a long fulvous hair, the apical margin smooth.

Head covered with fine golden pubescence ; eyes very slightly

converging towards the vertex, where they are separated by

the length of the third and half of the fourth joints of the

flagellum, the posterior ocelli twice as far from the eyes as

from each other; first and second joints of the flagellum

combined almost as long as the third and fourth. Pronotum

broadly arched posteriorly, postscutellum strongly raised in

the middle, subtuberculate, median segment transversely

rugosely striated, with a tubercle on each side at the base.

Abdomen shining, slightly pruinose, the second ventral seg-

ment with a transverse groove. ‘T'arsal ungues with one

tooth before the middle. Second abscissa of the radius equal

in length to the third, nearly twice as long as the first ;

second recurrent nervure received just before one-third from

the base of the third cubital cell, first just before the apex of

the second cubital cell. Cubital nervure of the hind wing

originating just beyond tle transverse median nervure,

almost interstitial.

Ferruginous ; abdomen black ; wings entirely fuscous with

bright purple-blue gloss,

Length 20-25 mm.

Hab. Rauro, Solomon Islands ( Woodford).

Very near fervidus, Sm., from Aru.

Smith states that the clypeus of fervidus is rounded at the

apex. ‘This is not the case in a specimen from Dory, New

Guinea, identified as fervidus Ly Smith. This is the speci-

men referred to by him (Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. iv. p. 120,

Suppl. 1860), and has the tarsal ungues bifid not toothed. I

have not seen typical fervidus, but if the tarsal ungues are

toothed the present species will only stand as a geographical

76 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera.

race, C. fervidus subsp. woodfordi. It can be easily distin-

guished by the absence of the flavo-hyaline patch at the base

of the wings.

Cryptocheilus (Priocnemis) salomonis, sp. n.

¢. Clypeus more than twice as broad as long, slightly

convex, almost transverse at the apex ; the labrum exposed,

broad and transverse. Head, pronotum, and sides of the

thorax sparsely clothed with long black hairs; eyes con-

verging very slightly towards the vertex, where they are

separated by a distance equal to the length of the third and

one-third of the fourth joint of the flagellum, the posterior

ocelli a little further from the eyes than from each other.

First and second joints of the flagellum a little shorter than

the third and fourth combined. Posterior margin of the

pronotum strongly arched. Median segment indistinctly

transversely striated, with a low blunt tubercle on each side

at the base. Abdomen shining, sparsely punctured, the

apical segment clothed with stiff fulvous hairs, Third

abscissa of the radius as long as the first and second com-

bined; first recurrent nervure received a little before the

apex of the second cubital cell, second at middle of the third

cubital cell. Cubital nervure of the hind wing interstitial

with the transverse median nervure. Posterior tibie strongly

serrate, tarsal ungues with one tooth. Black; femora, tibiz,

tarsi, and scape ferruginous brown. Wings fuscous, with a

strong purple gloss.

Length 24-26 mm.

Hab. Savo, Solomon Islands ( Woodford).

A specimen sent by Mr. Froggatt from the Solomon

Islands, without any more definite locality, has the flagellum

wholly ferruginous.

Pseudagenia numeria, Sm., subsp. mendana, subsp. n.

9. Differs from numeria in the sculpture of the median

segment, which is distinctly transversely striated except at

the base; there is also an obscure median sulcus at the base

and at the apex. The segment is also a little broader in

proportion to the length, and the second joint of the flagellum

is a little longer. The second recurrent nervure is received

at one-third from the base of the third cubital cell in the

present form and at two-fifths from the base in numeria.

P. valeria, Tarn., from Queensland, is another subspecies in

which the median segment is distinctly margined laterally

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide. 77

near the base, and the median sulcus present though obscure ;

and the first recurrent nervure received before the middle of

the second cubital cell, whereas in numerta and mendana it

is received in the middle. In valeria the third abscissa of

the radius is as long as the second, but it is shorter in the

typical form and in mendana.

Hab. Solomon Islands (Froggatt).

X.—Rhynchotal Notes.—LI. By W. L. Distanv.

African Pentatomide.

Genus Oponrorarsvs,

Odontotarsus, Lap. Ess, Hém. p. 68 (1832).

Type, O. purpureolineatus, Rossi.

Odontolarsus druryi, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, with two central longitudinal piceous

fasciz, the lateral areas strongly greyishly pilose ; antenne

with the first and second joints ochraceous, the third piceous

ochraceous at base (remainder mutilated in typical specimen) ;

pronotum ochraceous, sparingly coarsely punctate, two central

longitudinal fascize and two on each lateral area, the outer-

most of each series more or less margined with greyish, a

short black line on each side of the central fascize at anterior

area, posterior angular areas more or less greyishly pilose ;

scutellum ochraceous, sparingly darkly punctate, with two

central longitudinal sinuate piceous fasciz, bordered on

each side with greyish white, the lateral margins broadly

greyish, a semilunate piceous spot inwardly margined with

greyish white on each side of base; body beneath ochra-

ceous, more or less greyishly pilose, the sternum strongly

pilose, the abdomen less so and thickly darkly punctate ; legs

ochraceous, more or less greyishly pilose, and with some

dark punctures, coxz piceous,

Form and shape of O. caudatus, Burm., but narrower and

more elongate, pronotum with the lateral margins oblique

the posterior angles not prominent; apical area of the

scutellum centrally sulcate, the extreme apex strongly emar-

ginate, not truncate.

Long. 114 mm.; exp. pronot, angl. 5 mm,

78 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

Hab. N. Rhodesia; Kafue R. (J. Drury, 8. Afr. Mus.).

This is the first species of Odontotarsus described from

the Ethiopian Region. It is represented in North Africa,

but is there Palearctic in distribution.

Genus Kayesia.

Kayesia, Schout. Rhynch. thiop. 1, i. p. 114 (1903).

Type, K. parva, Schout.

Kayesia nigrolineata, sp. n.

Pale brownish ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate; mar-

gins of the pronotal cicatrices and a transverse central spot

just behind them, irregular, transverse, and somewhat reticu-

late lines to the scutellum, and margins to the central lobe of

lead, black ; scutellum with five small basal spots, a short

lateral marginal line near base and a somewhat faint central

longitudinal line not extending beyond middle, pale ochra-

ceous ; head beneath and sternum blackish, abdomen beneath

castaneous (imperfectly seen on carded type) ; coxe, legs,

and rostrum pale ochraceous; femora biannulated with

piceous on their anterior areas, bases and apices of tibiz

more or less piceous; rostrum with its apex black and

reaching the posterior coxe; sternum sulcated and thickly

coarsely punctate; head with the lateral margins sinuate, the

lateral lobes slightly longer than the central lobe, thickly

coarsely puuctate, eyes prominent; antenne mutilated in

typical specimens, first joint not reaching apex of head,

ochraceous; pronotum with the anterior lateral angles acute,

prominent, and pale ochraceous, lateral margins strongly

sinuate, posterior lateral angles obtusely subprominent.

Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Natal ; Durban (Bell-Marley).

Genus LEGNoTUS.

Legnotus, Schiédte, in Kroyer, Naturh. Tidsskr. (2) ii. p. 464 (1849).

Gnathoconus, Fieb.

Lalervis, Sign.

Type, L. melaleucus, Thunb.

Legnotus expansus.

Adomerus expansus, Sign. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genov. 1881,

p- 656.

Lalervis erpansa, Sign, Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr. 1884, p. 49 (Cydn. pl. xxv.

fig. 216).

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomidie. 79

Gnathoconus elongatus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiii. p. 549

(1904). 3

Legnotus elongatus, Bergr. Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. ae 150 (1908).

Gnathoconus expansus, Schout. Kilimand. Meru Exped. xii. p. 94 ( 1910).

Hab, Abyssinia ; Kilimandjaro ; Transvaal.

Schouteden has compared a cotype of my species with the

Lalervis expansa, Sign., in the Genoa Museum.

Genus ATELOCERA.

Atelocera, Lap. Ess, Hém. p. 68 (1882).

Type, A. armata, Lap.

Atelocera attenuata, sp. n.

Iiead black, the lateral. margins, a central longitudinal

line anteriorly obsolete, a curved line from near ocelli to

before eyes, and asomewhat oblique line on anterior area on

each side of the central lobe, ochraceous ; pronotum ocbra-

ceous mottled with black and with black punctures, more

prominently black on the subanterior and sublateral margins,

a central pale longitudinal line only distinct on anterior area,

the anterior and anterior lateral margins ochraceous ; scu-

tellum and corium ochraceous, strongly mottled and punctured

with black or piceous, membrane greyish fuliginous with the

veins darker ; body beneath and legs dark ochraceous or

pale castaneous; head beneath, sublateral margins of sternum,

coxal spots, apices of femora more or less, apices of tibiz,

the tarsi, and apex of rostrum black; connexivum above

aud beneath alternately black and ochraceous; antenne

black, second joint (excluding apical area) pale castaneous

brown, first jomt not reaching apex of head, second con-

siderably longer than third, which is a little longer than

fourth; head about as long as pronotum, thickly coarsely

punctate between the longitudinal pale lines; pronotum with

the lateral margins strongly sinuate, anteriorly finely crenu-

late, the posterior angles somewhat broadly subangularly

produced; abdomen sulcate ; rostrum passing the posterior

COX®,

Long. 14-16 mm, ; exp. pronot. angl. 7 mm.

Hab. Abyssinia; Shoa (Brit. Mus.). Uganda; Kampola

(Coll. Dist.).

Allied to A. stictica, Westw., but a more narrow and

elongate species, the anterior femora much more shortly

spined, head distinctly shorter and comparatively broader,

50 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

Atelocera castanea, sp. 0.

Pale castaneous, with paler mottlings and darker punctures ;

head with a black line on each side of the central lobe, and

an irregular black spot behind’ each eye, a somewhat paler

central longitudinal fascia traverses the central lobe and

reaches base of head; pronotum with a pale central longitu-

dinal fascia, a sublateral marginal black fascia and the

margins of the cicatrisant area black; scutellum with a

somewhat faint central pale longitudinal line; membrane

bronzy piceous; connexivum ochraceous, with quadrate

black spots; body beneath and legs reddish ochraceous ;

disk of head beneath, sternal sutural margins, a sublateral

fascia to prosternum, anterior femora and tibize beneath, and

the tarsi black or piceous ; antennz with the first and second

joints brownish ochraceous, third and fourth joints and

underside of second joint piceous, first joint almost reaching

apex of head, second juint longest, prominently sulcate, third

and fourth subequal in length; head about as long as pro-

notum, excluding the central fasciate line distinctly punc-

tate; pronotum with the lateral margins only moderately

sinuate, anteriorly finely crenulate, excluding the central

fascia finely darkly punctate; scutellum (excluding the.

central fasciate line) somewhat thickly darkly punctate, more

obscurely punctate on apical area; corium somewhat coarsely

and thickly darkly punctate ; rostrum just passing the poste-

rior cox; anterior femora beneath finely spinose, more

prominently so on apical area; abdomen sulcate.

Long. 135-14 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 7-74 mm.

Hab. S.E. Rhodesia; Gaza Land, near Chirinda (Marshall,

Brit. Mus.).

Allied to A. obscura, Dall.

Genus Menaccarvs.

Menaccarus, Amy. & Serv. Hist. Hém. p, 100 (1843).

Type, M. piceus, Amy. & Serv.

Menaccarus atratus, sp. 0.

Black, thickly punctate, with some slight testaceous

mottlings or suffusions ; body beneath with the disk of the

sternum (more or less) and the disk of the abdomen (broadly)

testaceous brown, the latter margined on each side witha

series of black segmental spots each containing a narrow

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomida. 81

stramineous spot, lateral arcas darker and more darkly pune-

tate; legs black; margins of head, pronotum, and corium

longly pilose; head thickly finely punctate; antennie

black, second joint not passing apex of head; pronotum

thickly and somewhat finely punctate, with an obscure

central longitudinal line, somewhat obscurely transversely

depressed near middle ; scutellum thickly and a little more

coarsely punctate, with an obscure, somewhat paler, central

longitudinal line (in some specimens with the central line

and. the lateral margins distinctly brownish ochraceous) ;

corium thickly punctate; membrane dark fuliginous or

piceous, the veins prominent ; rostram brownish testaceous,

its apex black and reaching the intermediate cox; body

beneath more or less finely punctate; posterior tarsi with

the basal joint only slightly longer than the following

joints together.

Long. 6-7 mm.

Hab. Congo Free State; Katanga, W. of Kambove,

Lufira R. (Neave, Brit. Mus.).

Genus Popopus.

Pododus, Amy. & Serv. Hist. Hém. p. 101 (1848).

Type, P. orbicularis, Burm.

Pododus ovulus.

Sciocoris ovulua, Dall. List Hem, i. p. 152 (1861).

Pododus ovulus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iv. p. 480 (1899).

Pododus striatus, Dist. Ent. Month. Mag. xxviii. p. 238 (1892).

Hab. 8. Africa.

When I described P. striatus I had not discovered that

the Sciocoris ovulus, Dall., was a Pododus, which I did when

rearranging the Brit. Mus. Coll. in 1899 (supra).

Is the Sciocoris mundus, Germ., a still older name for this

species ?

DREGEA, gen. nov.

Flatly compressed, somewhat broadly ovate; head long, a

little shorter than pronotum, considerabiy narrowed to apex,

the lateral margins straight to a little in front of eyes and

then a little concavely sinuately narrowed to apex, the lateral

lobes considerably longer than the central but not meeting

beyond it ; the antenniferous tubercles are remote from the

lateral margins of the head and inside longitudinal lines

ann. & Mag. N. llist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 6

82 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

through the inner margins of the eyes; antenne consisting

of four joints, the first stouter, not reaching apex of head,

second and fourth subequal in length, third longest ; rostrum

reaching the intermediate cox, basal joint not reaching

base of head ; pronotum ahout twice as broad as long, ante-

riorly strongly excavate for the reception of the head, the

lateral margins convex, the anterior angles subprominent

and subacute, basal margin truncate, the lateral areas

distinctly raised and preceded by an irregularly longitudinal

broadly grooved impression ; scutellum about as long as

broad, subtriangular, strongly centrally longitudinally cari-

nate; corium somewhat short and broad, the basal costal

margin for nearly half its length moderately laminately

upwardly recurved, thence obliquely directed inwardly to

apex, the veins prominent ; membrane about as long as

corium, not reaching apex of abdomen, strongly veined and

with a distinct basal cell; connexivum large and broad,

visible from the narrowing of the corium, moderately up-

wardly recurved ; sternum centrally longitudinally sulcate ;

abdomen above flat, beneath a little convex ; legs of moderate

size and length.

The position of the antenniferous tubercles and the suleated

sternum locate this genus in the division Dymantaria.

This genus is named after M. Drégé, who more than fifty

years ago presented many insects to the British Museum

which he had collected at or near the Cape of Good Hope.

Dregea capensis, sp. n.

Ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate ; antennze ochraceous,

apex of fourth joint black ; head and pronotum with a faint

central longitudinal pale line; eyes black ; scutellum with

the basal area more thickly and darkly punctate, the central

longitudinal carination and a small spot near each basal

angle pale ochraceous and levigate ; corium thickly, finely,

darkly punctate, somewhat less strongly punctate than on

other parts of the upper surface, the veins prominent and

pale ochraceous; membrane pale ochraceous, the veins

darker ; connexivum, body beneath, and legs ochraceous,

connexivum indistinctly and irregularly finely spotted with

black on extreme outer margin, a central segmental series of

small spots to the abdomen beneath and the spiracles black ;

sternum coarsely blackly punctate with a longitudinal levi-

gate fascia on each side beyond coxe; apex of rostrum

black ; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long., ¢ 2, 10 to 105 mm.

Hab. Cape Town (S. African Museum).

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomidie, 83

Genus ERAcTHEUs.

Eractheus, Stil, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1861, p. 199.

Type, E. lutulentus, Stal.

Eractheus rubromarginatus, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium dull obscure

ochraceous, very thickly and somewhat finely darkly punc-

tate; lateral margins of pronotum, basal area of costal

margin to corium, and the connexivum sanguineous, the

latter with the incisures margined with black; apex of

scutellum dull ochraceous ; membrane pale fuscous brown ;

body beneath with the lateral margins of the sternum and

abdomen sanguineous, followed by a broad black submarginal

fascia, which is somewhat less strongly marked on the pro-

sternum and contains a large levigate pale ochraceous spot

near the anterior and intermediate cox and a longitudinal

segmental series of five similarly coloured spots on the

abdomen, disk of abdomen brownish ochraceous, legs and

rostrum pale brownish ochraccous ; antennz with the first,

second, and third joints stramineous, fourth and fifth fuscous

or testaceous, second, third, and fourth subequal in length

or third rather shorter, fifth distinctly longest; greatest

length of head equalling breadth between eyes, the lateral

margins obliquely rounded ; scutellum with a small black

spot at each basal angle; membrane slightly passing the

abdominal apex; rostrum reaching the intermediate cox,

its apex black.

Long. 8 to 85 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 5 mm.

Hab. Congo Free State; Kambove (Neave, Brit. Mus.).

A somewhat elongate species compared with the others

belonging to the genus. Allied to #. boris, Dall., but much

narrower between the pronotal angles.

Eractheus spinosus.

Pentatoma spinosa, Sign. Rey. & Mag. Zool. 1851, p. 442.

? Eractheus ventralis, Bredd. Soc. Ent. xviii. p. 115 (1903).

Hab. Usambara ‘(fide Bredd.); S.E. Rhodesia; Gaza

Land, Chirinda Forest (Odendaal and Swynnerton, Brit. Mus.) ;

W. Africa.

If I have rightly understood Breddin’s description, and

with a comparison of a large number of specimens received

from localities on the West African Coast to Rhodesia,

there is little doubt as to the above synonymy.

84 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

Genus Myrocuea.

Myrochea, Amy. & Serv. Hist. Hém, p. 185 (1843).

Type, M. aculeata, Westw.

Myrochea distincta.

Myrochea distincta, Schout. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxi. p. 233 (1903).

Neodius angulatus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 470 (1903).

Myrochea affinis, Schout. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Zool. ili. sect. 11.

t. i. fase. 1. p. 44 (1909).

Hab, Congo, Nigeria.

Genus CaystTRUs.

Caystrus, St&l, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1861, p. 199; Bergr. Mém. Soe.

Ent. Belg. xv. p. 159 (1908).

Odius, Stil, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Firh. 1867, p. 305.

Neodius, Bergr. Rey. d’Ent. x. p. 214 (1891).

Type, C. marginiventris, Stal.

Caystrus nigriventris.

Cimex nigriventris, Germ. in Silb. Rev. vy. p. 181 (1837).

Sciocoris nigriventris, Dall. List Hem. i. p. 134 (1851).

Caystrus marginiventris, Stal, Ofy. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1858, p. 435.

Hab. Cape Colony (vide Germar and Brit. Mus.) ; Zanzi-

bar (Brit. Mus.); Abyssinia (Brit. Mus.); Nyasaland

(Brit. Mus.) ; Congo Free State (Neave).

In varietal specimens the black coloration of the under

surface of the abdomen becomes more or less discally

obliterated.

Genus Aiptus.

Aéptus, Dall. Cat. Hem. i. p. 145 (1851).

“Eptus singularis.

Aéptus singularis, Dall. List Hem. 1. p. 146, pl. iii. fig. 6 (1851).

This singularly rare species, originally collected by the

Dr. A. Smith expedition in 8. Africa, and of which the unique

type in the British Museum has till recently been the only

example, has now been supplemented by two other specimens

collected at Katanga in the South-east Congo Free State by

Mr. 8. A. Neave, and I also possess a specimen from the

Transvaal. It has also just been recorded from Kilimandjaro

by Dr. Schouteden.

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomida. 85

Genus Cro.uuivs.

Crollius, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vii. p. 21 (1901).

Type, C. conspersus, Walk.

Crollius sudanus, sp. n.

ITead, pronotum, scutellum, and corium dull ochraceous,

thickly darkly punctate; scutellum with three small pale

spots on basal margin and a small black spot at basal angles ;

membrane slaty grey, the veins piceous; body beneath

black, lateral margins of sternum and abdomen, rostrum, and

legs ochraceous; body elongate ; antennz ochraceous, four-

jointed, basal joint stoutest, slightly passing the apex of the

head, second joint slightly longer than either third or fourth,

which are subequal in length, fourth joint infuscate, its apex

paler; head about as long as broad between the inner

margins of eyes, the lateral lobes sublaminate and reflexed,

longer than the central lobe and meeting beyond it, their

apices well separated, antenniferous tubercles outwardly and

prominently spined; lateral margins of pronotum (very

narrowly), costal margin of corium (narrowly), and the con-

nexivum ochraceous; membrane not reaching the abdominal

apex.

Long. 8 to 84 mm.

Hab. Sudan (A. F. Broun, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to C. conspersus, Walk., but a more elongate and

much narrower species ; scutellum narrower, much more

sinuately compressed near middle.

Genus AGABoTUs.

Agabotus, Dist. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 459.

Type, A. brunnescens, Dist.

Agabotus ventralis, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, darkly punctate, the margins of the

lateral lobes narrowly blackish; eyes black, their basal and

posterior margins ochraceous ; ocelli pale castaneous, situate

well behind eyes and near base of head, nearer eyes than to

each other; antennz with the first joint stout, ochraceous,

blackish at apex and about reaching apex of head, second

and third joints black, second very slightly shorter than

third (remaining joints mutilated in type) ; pronotum ochra-

ceous, darkly punctate, except on the lateral ampliated

margins, which are uniformly ochraceous, though sparingly

86 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

punctate, these lateral margins are somewhat rounded and

their anterior angles slightly but distinctly spined, a central

pale longitudinal fasciate line traverses head, pronotum, and

scutellum, the latter ochraceous, sparingly, coarsely, blackly

punctate, more regularly and densely along the lateral

margins and on each side of the central pale line, four

obscure blackish punctate spots at basal margin and a

levigate pale spot near each basal angle; corium brownish

ochraceous, irregularly blackly punctate, the costal area

paler and less punctate ; membrane reaching the abdominal

apex, pale purplish brown ; connexivum stramineous, with a

small black marginal spot at the incisures; body beneath

ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate, broad lateral margin to

the prosternum and broad lateral abdominal] margin uni-

formly pale ochraceous, the latter with a marginal black

spot at each incisure, on inner side of the spiracles on each

side is a distinctly black longitudinal fascia, and also a

central longitudinal fascia of the same colour; femora

ochraceous or brownish ochraceous, tibiz and tarsi black ;

rostrum ochraceous, reaching the intermediate coxe.

Long. 113 mm.

Hab. Congo Free State; W. of Kambove, 3500 to 4500

feet (Neave, Brit. Mus.).

Genus TROPICORYPHA.

Tropicorypha, Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot, Ges. Wien, 1864, p. 910; id.

Reise, Novara, Hem. p. 59 (1866),

Type, 7. bifida, Thunb.

Tropicorypha scoruba.

Pentatoma scoruba, Dall. List Hem. i. p. 248 (1851).

Halyomorpha scoruba, Leth. & Sey. Cat. Gén. Hém. i. p. 118 (1893) ;

Kirk. Cat. Hem. (Het.) i. p. 50 (1909).

Hab. Congo (type in Brit. Mus.).

Tropicorypha capitata.

Halyomorpha capitata, Dist. Nat. in Transv. p. 249, t. iii. f. 3

(1892).

Hab. Transvaal.

Tropicorypha pretorie.

Halyomorpha pretoria, Dist. Nat. in Transy. p. 250, t. iii. f. 4 (1892).

Hab. Transvaal.

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide. 87

Tropicorypha rubrocincta, sp. n.

Ochraceous, above irregularly blackly punctate; body

beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; apical margin of head,

lateral margins of pronotum, base of costal margin to

corium, anterior tibiz, apices of femora, upper surface of

intermediate tibiz and base of posterior tibia sanguineous ;

antenne dull ochraceous, fourth and fifth joints pitchy

brown, their bases dull ochraceous; a short lateral line in

front of eyes on under side of head, apex of rostrum, a small

spot near the anterior and intermediate cox, and the

abdominal spiracles black ; head convexly rounded in front,

the apex of the central lobe only subprominent, somewhat

thickly blackly wrinkled and punctate, the basal area much

more sparsely punctate, a small levigate space before each

eye; basal joint of antennz, not reaching apex of head,

second joint larger than first, shorter than third, fourth and

fifth subequal in length, moderately thickened, and each a

little shorter than third ; pronotum coarsely blackly punctate,

more thickly and prominently so before the anterior and

lateral margins, the transverse cicatrices only slightly punc-

tate near their middle, lateral margins obliquely straight,

slightly acutely reflexed, posterior angles subprominent, sub-

acutely rounded; scutellum sparingly blackly punctate, less

so centrally and basally, the basal angles with a black

puncture but not spot, corium sparingly, irregularly, blackly

punctate, the punctures concolorous on posterior discal area;

membrane hyaline, with small rounded piceous spots ; con-

nexivum reddish ochraceous, coarsely punctate, spotted with

blackish on each side of the incisures; rostrum reaching the

posterior coxz.

Long. 124 to 13 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 6 to 7 mm,

Hab, Natal; Durban (Bell-Marley, Brit. Mus.) ; Brit. E.

Africa (Betton, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to 7. victorini, Stal, differing by the practical

absence of the black spot to basal angles of scutellum,

different colour of antennz, sanguineous markings, &c,

Tropicorypha maculata, sp. n.

Body above ochraceous, beneath with legs paler ochra-

ceous ; eyes, four spots (sometimes only two plainly visible)

in transverse series near middle of pronotum, four small

spots on basal margin of scutellum and a minute spot at its

basal angles black ; membrane hyaline, more or less finely

spotted with brownish ; head finely transversely and obliquely

88 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

wrinkled, the apex somewhat broadly rounded; antenne

stramineous, apices of third and fourth joints and nearly the

whole of fifth joint fuscous red, or fuscous, basal jot not

reaching apex of head, second distinctly shorter than third ;

pronotum thickly, finely punctate, the lateral margins oblique,

slightly reflexed, the lateral angles subprominent and roundly

angulate; scutellum thickly finely punctate, on apical half

exhibiting a more or less distinct central paler longitudinal

fascia; corium thickly finely punctate; sternum distinctly

punctate, a small black spot near bases of anterior and

intermediate cox; rostrum with its apex fuscous or black

and reaching the posterior cox ; abdominal spiracles more

castaneous than black.

Long. 14 to 15 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 7 to 8 mm.

Hab. Basutoland; Maseru (Wroughton, Brit. Mus.) ;

Mashonaland ; Mazoe (Marshall, Brit. Mus.) ; Transvaal ;

Pretoria and Zoutpansberg (Coll. Dist.).

Tropicorypha fumigata, sp. 1.

Above pale brownish ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate,

body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; antennze brownish

ochraceous, apex of fourth joint narrowly black, first joint

not reaching apex of head, second joint only slightly shorter

than third, third, fourth, and fifth subequal in Jength, fourth

and fifth more or less infuscate in different specimens ; head

somewhat convex in front, the lateral margins distinctly

sinuate, the apex of the central lobe very slightly prominent,

a small Jevigate space before each eye and the basal area

more sparingly punctate ; pronotum with the lateral margins

narrowly levigate, moderately sinuate, the posterior angle

shortly but distinctly prominent, their apices subacute ;

scutellum with the punctures more sparse on basal and

central areas, the basal angles with a small pale levigate

spot followed by a minute black spot on their outer margin,

corium thickly darkly punctate, sometimes shaded with

purplish brown on their inner area; membrane hyaline, but

reflecting the dark abdomen beneath, the apex slightly

passing the abdominal apex and there appearing distinctly

paler ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; a short sub-

lateral line in front of eyes, two small spots at bases of

«uterior and intermediate cox and a single small spot at

base of posterior coxe, the abdominal spiracles and apex of

rostrum black ; lateral areas of the sternum coarsely punc-

tate; abdomen beneath with a few small scattered dark

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide. 89

spots ; rostrum a little passing the posterior coxze ; connexi-

vum ochraceous, with a linear dark spot on each side of the

incisures,

Long., ¢ 2,11 to 14 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 6 to 7 mm.

Hab. N.E. Rhodesia; Serenje Distr. (Neave); S.E.

Rhodesia ; Gaza Land ; Chirinda Forest (Odendaal) ; South-

east Congo Free State ; Katanga (Neave, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to 7. corticini, Germ., from which it differs by the

more acute pronotal angles, different coloration, &c.

Genus Dryapocoris.

Holeostethus, Fieb. (part.) Eur. Hem. p. 333 (1861); St&l, Ofy. Vet.-

Ak. Forh. 1872, no. 3, p. 37.

Dryadocoris, Kirk. Cat. Hem. (Het.) i. p. 47 (1909), n. nom.

Type, //. analis, Costa.

Dryadocoris taurus, sp. n.

Pale olivaceous green, darkly punctate; the produced

ptonotal angles black ; apex of scutellum somewhat broadly

blish grey; connexivum, body beneath, and legs pale

oljvaceous green, the first with the segmental apices black ;

autennz with the first and second joints pale olivaceous

een, remaining joints fuscous, first joint not quite reaching

ayex of head, second slightly shorter than third ; head some-

wiat thickly wrinkled and punctate; pronotum with the

posterior lateral angles strongly and robustly produced and

little upwardly directed, somewhat thickly brownly punc-

tite except on lateral margins and between the produced

ngles, in the latter case giving the appearance of a pale

ransverse fascia ; scutellum coarsely punctate, especially on

the anterior and lateral marginal areas, the pale apex im-

punctate; corium with its interior area somewhat purplish

brown, thickly punctate, except at base of costal margin,

which is impunctate and transversely impressed ; membrane

hyaline, reflecting the dark abdomen beneath, excepting

where it apically projects beyond it; conuexivum more or

less darkly punctate; body beneath with a small black spot

near bases of coxie, a longitudinal series of dark punctures

on each lateral area, and scattered black punctures on disk of

abdomen ; apices of tibiz and the tarsi brownish; rostrum

reaching the posterior cox, its apex black.

Long. 8 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 65 mm.

Hab. Congo Free State; Katanga; Kambove, 4000-

5000 ft. (Neave, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to D. gonoides, Dall., from which it differs by the

more strongly produced pronotal angles.

90 Mr, W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

Genus CauRA.

Caura, Stél, Hem. Afr. i. p. 168 (1864).

Type, C. pugillator, Fabr.

Caura singeri, sp. 0.

Head black, the whole of the central lobe, lateral and

apical margins, and a spot in front and behind each eye

ochraceous ; antenne black, the basal joint ochraceous ;

pronotum, scutellum, and corium purplish brown, lateral

margins of pronotum and a spot at base of costal margin to

corium ochraceous ; body beneath and legs very pale ochra-

ceous ; rostrum (excluding basal joint), tibize (more or less),

tarsi, two spots near apices of femora beneath, usually four

spots on each side of the sternal segments, five series of spots

to abdomen beneath, one central and two lateral, the central

series arranged in groups of three, and the spiracles, black ;

body beneath with some scattered, irregular, sanguineous,

macular markings ; lateral areas of the head thickly coarsely

punctate; antennz with the second and third and the fourth

and fifth joints almost subequal in length, the latter longest ;

pronotum, scutellum, and corium thickly finely punctate,

pronotum with the lateral angles unarmed, the lateral

margins distinctly moderately reflexed ; membrane bronzy

brown, the apex a little paler ; rostrum reaching the posterior

COXe.

Long., 3,13 mm.

Hab. Abyssinia (C. Singer, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to C. rufiventris, Germ. ; lateral margins of the

pronotum more reflexed and more broadly pale-coloured ;

apex of scutellum more broadly and less elongately narrowed;

different colour, &c.

Caura durbanensis, sp. n.

Body above ochraceous, very thickly but irregularly,

blackly punctate; lateral margins of pronotum very narrowly

ochraceous, and with a broken and subobsolete pale central

longitudinal line ; scutellum with five small ochraceous spots

on basal margin ; corium with a small but distinct pale spot

on disk of subapical area; membrane bronzy brown, the

veins darker; connexivum black, with large ochraceous

segmental spots; body beneath ochraceous, thickly but

irregularly blackly punctate, nearly wholly black at the

jatera]l posterior areas of the prosternum, lateral margins of

the abdomen beneath with ochraceous segmental spots; legs

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide. 91

ochraceous, sparingly darkly punctate, apices of the inter-

mediate and posterior femora broadly distinctly paler and

almost impunctate ; rostrum ochraceous, with its apex black

and reaching the posterior coxe ; antenue ochraceous, first

joint with its extreme apex black, but not reaching the apex

of head, second and third joints subequal in length, fifth

(excluding base and apex) piceous; pronotum deflected

anteriorly, the lateral angle broadly subangulate ; scutellum

about as long as broad at base, its apex somewhat broadly

rounded.

Long. 9 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 6 mm.

Hab, Natal ; Durban (Bell-Marley).

* On leaves of Suffa spherica, Sond.”

Genus Drretoxys.

Diploxys, Amy. & Sery. Hist. Hém, p. 188 (1843).

Type, D. acanthura, Westw.

Diploxys floweri, sp. un.

Stramineous, above sometimes slightly suffused with greyish

white; head sparsely palely punctate, with the lateral

margins narrowly black, the lateral lobes with their apices

divergently, anteriorly, subacutely produced ; antennz with

the apex of the fourth and the whole of the fifth joint (ex-

cluding base) black, second, third, and fourth joints sub-

equal in length, fifth a little longer; pronotum coarsely,

somewhat darkly punctate, a pale levigate transverse fascia

between the lateral angles, which are prominent but very

shortly spinously produced, and behind the angles the

posterior lateral margins are narrowly black; scutellum

sparingly and somewhat darkly punctate ; corium sparingly,

finely, and somewhat darkly punctate; membrane greyish,

not passing the abdominal apex ; body beneath and legs very

pale ochraceous, sternum and abdomen somewhat thickly

and slightly darkly punctate; abdomen with a subobsolete

basal sublateral fascia on each side, an elongate spot on

apical segment, the spiracles and minute marginal spots,

black ; femora with two small black spots beneath near

apices and with a short apical spine.

Long. 12 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 6 mm.

H/ab. Blue Nile; near mouth of Dinder River (S. 8S.

Flower, Brit. Mus.).

Liiploxys nilotica, sp. n.

Closely allied to D. floweri in colour and punctuation, but

92 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

with the apices of the lateral lobes of the head more out-

wardly divergent and more acutely conical in structure;

pronotal angles much more outwardly and forwardly pro-

duced, their apices finely acute; abdomen beneath with a

sublateral segmental series of spots on each side, the spiracles

and small marginal spots black; antenne with the fourth

and fifth joints (excluding bases) black, third joint longer

than second or fourth ; femora spined at apices.

Long. 13 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 7} mm.

Hab. Blue Nile; near mouth of Dinder River (S. 8.

Flower, Brit. Mus.).

Diploxys rhodesiana, sp. u.

Head sparingly coarsely punctate, a levigate spot before

each eye, the lateral margins and the central lobe black ;

antenne testaceous, the fourth and fifth joints black, base

of fourth testaceous ; pronotum black, rugulose and coarsely

punctate, the anterior and lateral margins, a central irre-

gular longitudinal narrow fascia and some levigate markings

on anterior area ochraceous ; scutellum black, more or less

rugulose and coarsely punctate, apical half paler than basal

half, a yellow levigate submarginal fascia on each side for

about half the length from base and a central longitudinal

levigate fascia which is sometimes concolorous and some-

times ochraceous ; corium black, finely punctate, the costal

area more coarsely punctate, the base of costal margin

ochraceous; membrane greyish, not quite reaching abdo-

minal apex; connexivum ochraceous; body beneath and

legs ochraceous, sternum and abdomen somewhat coarsely

and darkly punctate, lateral margins of head, sublateral

margins of sternum and abdomen and the abdominal

spiracles, black ; tarsi and the apices of tibiz testaceous red;

lateral lobes of head longly passing the central lobe and

contiguous, their apices rounded, not acute; pronotum with

the lateral margins sinuate, the lateral angles prominent and

rounded but not produced ; antenne with the second, third,

and fourth joints subequal in length, fifth longer.

Long. 10 to 115 mm.

Hab. Mashonaland; Mazoe (G. A. K. Marshall, Brit.

Mus.).

Allied to D. rostrata, Fabr., and D. hastata, Fabr., but

differing from both in the rugulose and coarsely punctate

pronotum and scutellum, black coloration, &c.

AMAXOSANA, gen. Nov.

Head about as long as pronotum, broad at base, attenuated

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide. 93

anteriorly, the lateral lobes meeting beyond the central lobe,

their apices a little divergent and subacute ; ocelli small,

near base, much nearer eyes than to each other; antennz

with the first joint moderately thickened, short, scarcely

reaching apical third of head, second, third, and fourth joints

almost subequal in length, fifth longest; rostrum reaching

the posterior cox; pronotum between the lateral angles

about twice as broad as long, the anterior half obliquely

depressed, the lateral angles prominent, broadly subacutely

produced, lateral margins concavely sinuate, the anterior

and posterior margins a little concave ; scutellum somewhat

short and broad, almost as broad at base as long, the apex

broadly rounded ; corium a little longer than scutellum, its

apex oblique; membrane not reaching the abdominal apex,

veins longitudinal, some furcate ; connexivum broad, a little

obliquely deflected, the segmental angles obtusely prominent ;

abdomen beneath moderately convex; femora distinctly

thickened, tarsi robust, tarsal claws prominent.

Allied to Diplorys, A. & S., and Hypaulacus, Spin.

Amaxosana punctata, sp. 0.

Ochraceous, thickly, coarsely, darkly punctate, the punc-

tures on the head finer ; antennz ochraceous, apex of third

and the whole of fourth joint testaceous red, apical joint

black ; posterior area of pronotum, the scutellum, and corium

a little darker than the head and anterior area of pronotum ;

apical margin of scutellum with three small black spots, of

which the two lateral ones are sometimes obliterated ; mem-

brane greyish brown; abdomen above testaceous red,

connexivum ochraceous ; body beneath ochraceous, thickly

finely punctate; sternal lateral angles, and three irregular,

more or less broken longitudinal fasciz to sternum and

abdomen, black ; legs ochraceous, more or less spotted or

punctured with black ; structural characters as in generic

diagnosis.

Long. 10 to 103 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 6 mm.

Hab. Portuguese E. Africa; Chibaba, Lower Buzi River

(Swynnerton, Brit. Mus.) ; Transvaal.

Genus AULIOMORPHa,

Tetratoma, Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr. 1851, p. 839 (nom. preoce.),

Aliomorpha, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak, Férh, 1858, p. 313 (n. nom.).

Type, 4, simulans, Stal.

94 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

Hliomorpha gazana, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous; head with

narrow lateral margins and a broad central longitudinal

fascia widened towards base and continued over pronotum,

where it is fused with a broad irregular basal margin, black ;

scutellum with a broad marginal fascia (extending about

half its length from base and containing a short ochraceous

central line) and a short elongate spot at apex, black ;

corium black, the costal margin narrowly ochraceous at

base ; membrane brownish ochraceous with fuscous veins;

connexivum ochraceous, with black spots at the segmental

margins; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; lateral

margins of head behind antenne, lateral margins (broadly)

of sternum, a central longitudinal fascia to abdomen beneath,

and lateral marginal spots at the incisures black; antennz

ochraceous, fourth joint fuscous, first joint short, not nearly

reaching apex of head, second slightly longer than third;

head thickly, somewhat coarsely punctate, the lateral mar-

gins sinuate ; pronotum coarsely punctate, the lateral margins

almost obliquely straight ; scutellum transversely wrinkled,

more distinctly punctate at base and on lateral areas, a fine

central longitudinal carinate line traversing both pronotum

and scutellum ; corium thickly coarsely punctate.

Long. 6 mm.

Hab. 8.E. Rhodesia; Gaza Land, Mpudzi R. (G. A. K.

Marshall, Brit. Mus.).

An unusually distinct species in this genus.

Genus HERMOLAUS.

Hermolaus, Dist. Faun. B. I., Rhynch. i. p. 169 (1902).

Type, I. typicus, Dist.

Hermolaus purpurissatus.

Eusarcoris purpurissatus, Reut. Ofy. Finsk. Forh. xxv. p. 6 (1882).

Hab. Ashanti; Senegal.

Hermolaus sudanensis, sp. n.

Reddish ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate; two trans-

verse cicatrices to the anterior area, the lateral angles and

posterior area of the pronotum, blackish or black ; scutellum

blackish, the lateral margins (excluding bases and apices)

ochraceous, extreme apical margin greyish; corium pale

ochraceous, sparsely palely punctate; membrane greyish,

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide. 95

considerably extending beyond the abdominal apex ; body

beneath imperfectly seen in carded type, but ochraceous,

darkly punctate, a broad submarginal longitudinal black

fascia extending through sternum and abdomen, on sternum

it is more marginal than submarginal, on prosternum con-

tains an angulate ochraceous spot ; legs ochraceous, posterior

femora with a subapical black aunulation ; head about as

long as pronotum, central lobe somewhat raised and pro-

minent, its apex slightly projecting ; antennz with the first

and second joints luteous, third and fourth piceous (fifth

mutilated in type), basal joint not reaching apex of head,

second longer than either third or fourth.

Long. 5 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 3 mm.

Hab. Sudan; Kaig (Singer, Brit. Mus.).

Genus AGONOSCELIS.

Agonoscelis, Spin. Ess. p. 327 (1837).

Type, A. nubila, Fabr.

Agonoscelis odendaali, sp. n.

A narrow oblong species, breadth between pronotal angles

about one-third the total length from apex of head to apex

of membrane. Above reddish testaceous, thickly coarsely

punctate ; head with the lateral margins and the margins of

the central lobe black ; antennz black, basal joint ochraceous

above; pronotum with the lateral margins reflexed and

ochraceous and with a black spot near the posterior angles ;

scutellum with the apical area very pale ochraceous ; body

beneath pale ochraceous ; two spots on each side of pro- and

mesosterna, a single spot on each side of mesosterna, the

spiracles and apical joint of rostrum (excluding base) black ;

head with eyes about as long as broad, about as long as pro-

notum, coarsely somewhat brownly punctate; pronotum

coarsely brownly punctate ; scutellum subtransversely rugose

on basal area, sometimes suffused with black on basal and

lateral but not on apical area; corium somewhat suffused

with reddish and more evenly coarsely punctate, the costal

area with blackish spots or punctures ; connexivum orange-

yellow, with a blackish linear spot on each side of the

incisures; rostrum reaching the penultimate abdominal

segment; antenne with the second joint a little shorter than

the third ; membrane fuliginous, with the veins darker and

very prominent, considerably passing the abdominal apex.

Long. 10-103 mm.

96 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

Hab. S.E. Rhodesia ; Gaza Land, Chirida Forest (David

Odendaal, Brit. Mus.).

Agonoscelis neavei, sp. 1.

Above reddish testaceous; head with the lateral margins

(excluding apices) and lateral margins of the central lobe

from in front of eyes black; antenne black, basal joint

ochraceous above; pronotum with the lateral margins and

base of lateral margins to corium somewhat broadly orange-

yellow; corium suffused with purplish red; connexivum

orange-yellow, transversely marked with black on each side

of the incisures ; membrane pale fuliginous, the veins black ;

body beneath, rostrum, and legs ochraceous ; two small spots

on pro- and mesosterna, a spot on metasterna, abdominal

spiracles, small marginal spots at incisures, discal abdominal

spots arranged in four series, apex of rostrum, two spots on

apical areas of femora, apices of tibize, and the tarsi black ;

second joint of antenne a little shorter than third ; head

(including eyes) about as broad as long and about as long as

pronotum, which is coarsely thickly punctate and has the

lateral margins distinctly reflexed ; corium thickly punctate,

without callous spots; membrane moderately passing abdo-

minal apex; rostrum slightly passing the base of the last

abdominal segment; abdomen above reddish testaceous ;

length from apex of head to apex of membrane about two and

a half times the breadth at pronotal angles.

Long. 103-11 mm.

Hab. Congo Free State, Katanga, Kambove, 4000-5000 ft.

(Neave, Brit. Mus.).

Agonoscelis puberula.

Agonoscelis puberula, Stal, Ofy. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1853, p. 216.

The British Museum has recently received specimens of

this species from Lehututu, Bechuanaland Protectorate, and

sent by Mr. R. B. Woosnam, who writes they are “a plague

in the waggons: in millions.”

Genus AUTHEMENES.

ALthemenes, Stil, En. Hem. v. pp. 57 & 74 (1878).

Type, 4. nigropunctatus, Sign.

AL themenes chloris.

Pentatoma chloris, Westw. in Hope, Cat. Hem. i. p. 88 (1837).

Pentatoma ( Veterna) unicolor, Stl, Hem. Afr. i. p, 158 (1864).

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide. 97

Pentatoma mentiens, Walk. Cat. Het. ii. p. 296 (1867).

Nezara viridula, Stal (part.), En. Hem. ii. p. 41 (1872).

Ethemenes unicolor, Stil, En. Hem. v. p. 74 (1876).

Nezara chloris, Dist. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1900, p. 813.

Nezara ethiops, Dist. Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. 1900, p. 813.

“Ethemenes chloris, Schout. Ann. Mus. Congo Belg., Zool. iii. sect. ii.

t. i. fase. i. p. 58 (1909).

Athemenes ethiops, Schout. loc. cit.

AEthemenes stalianus, Kirk. Cat. Hem. (Het.) i. p. 47 (1909).

Hab. Sierra Leone (fide Westwood). Gambia (Brit. Mus.).

Congo (Coll. Dist.). Brit. Centr. Africa; Karonga (An-

drews, Brit. Mus.). Zanzibar (Zanquebar) (Brit. Mus.).

N.E. Rhodesia; Serenje Distr. (Neave, Brit. Mus.). Blue

Nile (Flower, Brit. Mus.).

This species varies in coloration from bright green, as in

typical chloris, to purplish brown, as in typical ethiops.

Genus NezaRa,

Nezara, Amy. & Sery. Hist. Hém. p. 143 (1848).

Type, N. viridula, Linn,

Nezara rinaspus.

Rhaphigaster rinaspus, Dall. List Hem. i. p. 277 (1851).

Menida rinaspus, Bergr. Rey. d’Ent. x. p. 210 (1891).

Nezara rinaspus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) v. p. 392 (1900) ;

Schout. Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Zool. ser. iii. t. i. fase. 1. p. 61

(1909).

The type from Sierra Leone is still alone represented in

the British Museum. Dr. Schouteden has recorded it from

Kilimandjaro and Meru (Sjéstedt’s Exped.), and I had

already seen examples from the Haut-Congo (Ann. Soc. Ent.

Belg. 1901, p. 27).

Bergroth (supra) stated that the species “est sans doute

une Menida,’ which evidently led Lethierry and Severin

astray in enumerating it as a Menida in their Cat. Hém.

(1893).

AMATEMBUNA, gen. nov.

Head about as long as breadth at base including eyes, the

lateral margins sinuate, lobes about equal in length, the

apices of the lateral obliquely rounded ; ocelli near base and

much nearer to eyes than to each other; antenne with the

basal joint not reaching apex of head, second joint shorter

than third, fourth and fifth longest and subequal in length;

rostrum reaching the posterior cox, second and third joints

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 7

98 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

subequal in length ; pronotum almost twice as broad at base as

long, lateral margins oblique, very obscurely sinuate, extreme

edge subacute and slightly reflexed, anterior angles shortly but

distinctly spined, posterior angles rounded, not prominent ;

scutellum much longer than broad at base, the apical third

attenuated, a small curved linear callosity at each basal

angle ; corium twice as long as its greatest breadth; mem-

brane slightly passing abdominal apex, the veins mostly

furcate ; mesosternum centrally carivate, the carination in a

globular depression; base of the abdomen unarmed or very

slightly centrally tuberculously produced.

Allied to the Oriental genus Critheus, Stal, but with the

rostrum shorter, membranal veins furcate, &c. >

Amatembuna neavei, sp. n.

Ochraceous, thickly irregularly darkly punctate; a linear

callosity at basal angles and the apex (broadly) of scutellum

and a somewhat large levigate spot on apical third of

corium yellowish white; membrane more or less fuligimous ;

connexivum ochraceous, transversely marked with black at

the incisures; body beneath ochraceous ; abdomen beneath

with two broad longitudinal black fasciz on disk, which meet

or almost meet near apex; meso- and metasterna also more

or less marked with black ; legs dark ochraceous ; antenne

with the first, second, and third joints ochraceous or testa-

ceous, fourth and fifth joints more or less piceous or black ;

head thickly finely blackly punctate ; pronotum more coarsely

and sparsely punctate, with scattered, transverse, linear,

callous, pale yellowish markings ; scutellum coarsely sparsely

blackly punctate, before apex shortly, distinctly, longitu-

dinally impressed, the apical pale area very finely and ob-

scurely punctate, sternum sparsely coarsely punctate, abdo-

men thickly and more finely punctate.

Long., ¢ 11, 2 12 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 53-6 mm.

Hab. Congo Free State; W. of Kambove, 3500-4500 ft.

(Neave, Brit. Mus.).

Genus EuryYASPIs.

Euryaspis, Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr, (2) ix. p. 342 (1851).

Type, E. transversalis, Sign.

Euryaspis congolensis, sp. n.

_ Head ochraceous, the basal margin black, the lateral lobes

inwardly margined with black punctures, and thus apparently

enclosing two pale ochraceous spots; pronotum with the

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide. 99

anterior area more or less ochraceous, the posterior area pale

castaneous brown, the first sparsely darkly punctate, the

latter more thickly punctate, a series of black punctures

before the anterior margin, the cicatrices levigate and dull

greyish ; scutellum ochraceous, with a pale levigate spot at

each basal angle and with castaneous punctures on basal area,

a little behind middle a transverse posteriorly angulate casta-

neous fascia, the apical area punctured with castaneous ;

corium castaneous brown, with a large black spot a little

before middle; membrane blackish ; body beneath ochra-

ceous, thickly castaueously punctate (imperfectly seen in

carded typical specimen) ; antennz pale castaneous brown,

second joint a little shorter than third, fourth and fifth

longest and subequal in length; scutellum almost impune-

tate on anterior disk ; corium thickly finely punctate; mem-

brane scarcely passing abdominal apex.

Long. 74 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 5 mm.

Hab. Congo.

Differs from both 2&. signoreti, Stal, and EH. mashone,

Dist., by the shorter and broader structure, the distinct

punctures on the anterior area of the pronotum, the angulate

fascia to the scutellum, the blackish membrane, the non-

sinuate margius of the scutellum, &c.

Genus ANASIDA.

Anasida, Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxxvii. p. 481 (1892).

Type, A. tenebrio, Karsch.

Anasida funebris.

Anasida funebris, Dist. Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 59 (1900).

Anasida tenebrio, Schout. (part.) Rhynch. Aithiop. i. fase. 2, p. 191

(1905); id. in Wysm. Gen. Insect. fase. 52, Asopine, p. 53 (1907).

My friend Dr, Schouteden has fallen into error with the

above species. A. funedris is an altogether narrower and

more slender species than that figured by Karsch, and both

again are distinct from the figure given by Schouteden as

A. tenebrio (supra, pl. iii. fig. 12), which has the apex of the

scutellum narrow and pointed, and not broad and more or

less truncate, as in A. tenebrio, Karsch, and A. funedris, Dist.

For the species represented by Schouteden’s figure I propose

the name of A.? schoutedeni.

A. funebris I only know from Natal (Brit. Mus. and S. Afr,

Mus.). A. tenebrio was described from W. Africa; Malange

(Berlin Mus.). A.? schoutedeni is from the Congo.

[To be continued, |

mth

‘

100 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

XI.—New Species of Diploptera in the Collection of the

British Museum.. By Grorrrey Mrape-Watpo, B.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Part II.

Tue present paper contains descriptions of new species of

the genus Odynerus, Latr., from various localities, and of a

new genus Rhynchalastor from German East Africa. This

genus is of particular interest, adding as it does a third genus

to Section III. of the family Eumenide, in which the second

cubital cell of the fore wing is petiolate. Of the two known

genera of this section, Hymenosmithia, D. T., contains but

ove species, H. natalensis, Sauss., described from Natal; the

other genus, Alastor, Lepel., is of wide distribution, but

principally confined to Australia and 8. America, no known

species being met with in Tropical Africa. The types are

all in the National Collection.

DirreLoPpTreRa, Latr.

Eumenide, Westwood.

Opynerus, Latr.

Odynerus confluentus, Smith.

Odynerus confluentus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus, vol. v. p. 60.

Odynerus hyades, Cam. Journ. Straits Asiatic Soc. vol. lvii.

Smith described this species from Sumatra; O. hyades,

Cam., is quite identical with Smith’s type. There is a speci-

men from the Thaungyin Valley, Tenasserim (coll. Bingham)

in the National Collection.

Odynerus (Symmorphus) latipennis, Smith.

Odynerus (Symmorphus) latipennis, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc.,

Zool. ii. p. 112. no. 6 (1857).

ny cilicius, Cam. Journ. Str. Asiatic Soc. vol. xxxvii. p. 11

(1901).

Both described from Sarawak, Borneo; the species

described by Cameron is identical with Smith’s species, with

the type of which it has been compared.

Type of O. cilicius in B.M. Coll. Type of O. (Symmor-

phus\ latipennis in the Oxford University Museum.

new Species of Diploptera. 101

Odynerus (Leionotus) miniatus, Sauss.

Odynerus (Leionotus) miniatus, Sauss. Et. fam. Vesp. Suppl. p. 249

(1854).

Pterochilus pulchellus, Smith, Trans. Soc. Zool., Lond. vol. vii. (3) p. 190

(1870).

A comparison between the types of these two insects, both

of which are in the British Museum, leaves no doubt that

they are the same. Both were described from India.

Odynerus hottentottus, Sauss.

Odynerus hottentottus, Sauss. Et. Fam. Vesp., Suppl. p. 244 (1856).

Odynerus erythrospilus, Cam. Record Albany Mus.

Cameron’s species is described from Dunbrody in Cape

Colony ; Seussure’s species came from the Cape of Good

Hope.

Odynerus simplicipes, Cam. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.

Xxxi. p. 380.

This species, described from Mexico, is certainly not an

Odynerus. The neuration of the fore wing is that of

Saussure’s Section I. (Etudes sur les Vesp. i. p. xxix). As

there is only one specimen and the mouth-parts are not

visible, it is impossible to ascertain its true position, but it

bears no resemblance to the other genera of this section, of

which no species appear to have been described from Central

America.

I do not adopt Schulz’s new name of Odynerus vicarius

(‘Spolia Hymenopterologica,’ p. 219), since the insect will

have to be removed from Odynerus.

Odynerus (Leionotus) moultoni, sp. n.

Niger, rugose punctatus; clypeo mandibulisque flavo-maculatis ;

antennis, pedibus, abdominis segmentorum margine postico

ferrugineis ; alis lete flavo-hyalinis.

g. Black; a subtriangular mark reaching to the trun-

cation of the clypeus, the scape beneath, a small spot at the

base of the mandibles, yellow. Flagellum, legs, and apical

margin of all abdominal segments dark ferruginous. Wings

rich golden hyaline. Clypeus as broad as long, truncate at

the apex. Pronotum truncate, produced to form a sharp

angle on either side of anterior margin, and gradually

widening towards the tegule, Scutellum and postscutellum

of almost equal size, the latter broadly subtriangular, median

segment concavo-truncate. Abdomen: first abdominal seg-

ment massive, broader than long, as broad as the second

102 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

abdominal segment at base. Punctured: clypeus, head, and

thorax coarsely cribosely, abdomen more finely. Whole

covered with grey pubescence of varying density, thickest on

clypeus and propleurz, but conspicuous on mesopleure, disc

of mesonotum, and the abdomen both dorsally and ventrally.

Length 9 mm.

Hab. Kuching (Sarawak), 1899; 1 2g.

Dedicated to Mr. J. C. Moulton, the Curator of the

Sarawak Museum.

Most nearly allied to O. fulvipennis, Sm., from Celebes,

but can be distinguished (a) by the anterior margin of the

pronotum being narrower than the width of the thorax at the

tegulz, whereas in O, fulvipennis the anterior margin of the

prothorax is as wide as the thorax at the tegule; (4) by the

narrower head, as the head in each species is equal in width

to the prothorax ; (c) by the absence of yellow behind the

eyes, on the prothorax anteriorly, and on the terminal

ubdominal segments.

Odynerus (Symmorphus) tukvarensis, sp. n.

Niger, sparse punctatus; pronoti angulis anticis acutis; pronoti

margine antico utrinque maculato, scutello bimaculato ; abdominis

segmentorum 1, 2 margine postico, tibiis tarsisque luteis; alis

fusco-hyalinis. >

?. Black ; an oval spot on clypeus, two minute oval spots

above the insertion of the antenne, a minute spot behind

each eye, the anterior angles of the pronotum, a spot on

mesopleure on each, two elongate marks on posterior margin

of the scutellum, apical margin of first abdominal segment

dorsally, apex of second abdominal segment both dorsally

and yentrally, yellow. Scape beneath, the tegule, tibie, and

tarsi ferrugineous. Clypeus ovate, rather broadly truncate

at the apex, pronotum produced to form a sharp angle on

each side of anterior margin, a deep transverse furrow

divides scutellum trom postscutellum, median segment with

a distinct dorsal surface, concavo-truncate posteriorly ; first

abdominal segment as in typical Symmorphus, about as wide

as median segment, second abdominal segment separated

from first by a constriction. Punctured: clypeus shining,

minutely, head and pronotum rather more coarsely, meso-

notum traversed by two longitudinal furrows, sparsely

punctured ; median segment coarsely and cribosely punc-

tured, first abdominal segment finely, base of second abdo-

minal segment very coarsely punctured. Wings fusco-hyaline,

rather more obscure towards costa.

new Species of Diploptera. 103

Length 7 mm.

Hab. Tukvar, Sikhim (4000 ft.), Bingham Coll.; 1 9@.

One of the few species of this subgenus from Asia, the

headquarters of Symmorphus, Wesm., being Europe and

America.

Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) assamensis, sp. ni.

Niger, rugose punctatus ; prothoracis margine antico, tegulis, post-

scutello, abdominis segmentorum 1], 2 margine postico rufo-

ferrugineis ; clypeus niger, flavo-maculatus.

?. Black; a spot at base and two small spots at apex of

clypeus, and a small spot on vertex above insertion of the

antenne, yellow. Scape beneath, anterior margin of pro-

notum, tegule, a large ovate spot on mesopleure, post-

scutellum, apical margin of first abdominal segment dorsally,

and of second abdominal segment both dorsally and ventrally,

auterior and intermediate tibiz, brick-red. Wings clear

hyaline, fuscous along the costa, second cubital cell sub-

triangular. Clypeus convex, subtriangular; thorax in front

rather wider than median segment, anterior margin of pro-

notum rounded, gradually widening towards the tegule ;

median segment rounded posteriorly, concavo-truncate ; first

abdominal segment about as wide as median segment,

narrower than the second. Punctured: head and thorax

coarsely and regularly, first and second abdominal segments

less coarsely.

Length 8 mm.

Hab. Shillong, Assam (R. FE. Turner), May 1903; 2 ¢,

Pa.

Nearly allied to O. sikhimensis, Bing., but can be readily

distinguished from that species by the absence of any

pubescence, the more uniform puncturation, the subtri-

angular second cubital cell, and smaller size.

» It has some resemblance to O. tytides, Cam., from Sikhim,

but that species is not an Ancistrocerus; from O. (Ancistro-

cerus) rhipheus, Cam., it differs in the pronotum, which has

the posterior margin more widely arched than in VU, assam-

ensis, also the postscutellum in O. rhipheus is black and the

wings are darker.

Odynerus ( Ancistrocerus) androcles, sp. n.

Niger, punctatus ; clypeo partim, pronoti margine antico, tegulis,

postscutello, abdominis segmentorum 1, 2 margine postico flavis ;

alis hyalinis, apice fuscis.

?. Black ; base of clypeus, two minute spots at the apex,

104 Mr. G. Meade~Waldo on

scape beneath, a minute spot in the sinus of each eye, short

line behind each eye, a small spot on the vertex between the

insertion of the anteune, anterior margin of pronotum in

the middle, tegule except the centre, postscutellum, apical

margin of first abdominal segment dorsally, apical margin of

second abdominal segment dorsally and ventrally, apex of

anterior femora, the tibiz and tarsi, intermediate and

posterior tibize above and the tarsi, yellow. Centre of tegulz

ferrugineous. Clypeus subtriangular, with a small apical

emargination; pronotum rounded anteriorly; the thorax

broadest at the tegule, narrowing towards the median seg-

ment, median segment truncate, slightly depressed ; first

abdominal segment cup-shaped, narrower than the second.

The clypeus and abdomen very finely punctured, thorax and

vertex of head coarsely, mesonotum traversed by two incon-

spicuous longitudinal keels, no furrow between the scutellum

and postscutellum. Clypeus and the area round the base of

antenne covered with a short grey pubescence.

Length 7 mm.

Hab. Shillong, Assam (R. HE. Turner); 2 2.

This species has the ordinary yellow coloration, and not

the brick-red usually so prevalent in the Shillong neigh-

bourhood,

Odynerus (Ancistrocerus) waltoni, sp. 0.

Niger, sparse punctatus; pronoti margine antico, abdominis seg-

mentorum 1, 2 margine postico flavis; tegulis, tibiis tarsisque

ferrugineis.

2. Black; a minute spot at the base of each antenna, a

spot behind each eye, anterior margin of the pronotum,

apical margin of first and second abdominal segments, bright

sulphur-yellow. Tegule, costal nervure, apex of femora,

tibize, and tarsi ferrugineous. Wings clear hyaline, fuscous

along the costal area, most obscure round the stigma. Head

and thorax rather densely, abdomen more sparsely covered

with long black hair; legs clothed with a dense, short,

golden-brown pubescence. Clypeus convex, as broad as long,

narrowly produced towards the apex, which is slightly

emarginate ; pronotum broad and angular, widening towards

tegule ; scutellum arched, not distinctly divided from meso-

notum, and overhanging the postscutellum ; median segment

truncate, produced and arched laterally, slightly depressed

medially. First abdominal segment cup-shaped, rather

narrower than thesecond. Punctured: clypeus and abdomen

shining, covered with minute puncturations ; scape, head, and

new Species of Diploptera. 105

thorax granular and rather more coarsely punctured ; apex of

first abdominal segment with coarse longitudinal striations

on ventral surface.

Length 104 mm.

Hab. Gyangtse, 13,000 ft.; Khamba Jong, Sikhim,

13,000-16,000 ft., Tibet Expedition (H. J. Walton).

3. Clypeus, a spot between anteune at base, sulphur-

yellow ; apex of femora, tibiz, and tarsi yellow. Each side

of anterior margin of pronotum produced to form a spine.

Length 8 mm.

A number of ? and6 @.

Odynerus ([Typodynerus ?) hirsutus, sp. n.

Niger, dense pilosus ; abdominis segmentorum 1, 2 margine postico

pallide flavis.

9. Black; clypeus, a minute spot on each side above it,

a minute spot hehind each eye, a broad band on the apical

margin of segments 1 and 2 of abdomen dorsally, whitish

yellow. Wings hyaline ; fore wings fuscous along the costa,

more faintly fuscous towards the posterior margin. Covered

with long dense black hair, densest on vertex of head and

thorax, more sparse on abdomen. ‘Tibiz and tarsi with

dense golden-brown pubescence. Flagellum glabrous.

Clypeus flat, truncate, narrowly produced towards the apex ;

head narrow when compared with thorax at tegule ; anterior

anglesof pronotum obtuse; median segment truncate, slightly

depressed medially ; a conspicuous fold at base of second

abdominal segment beneath ; first abdominal segment broadly

bell-shaped, as broad at apex as second abdominal segment

at base. Head and thorax granular and coarsely punctured,

clypeus and abdomen more finely ; mesonotum with four

inconspicuous longitudinal furrows of varying length; tegule

shining, impunctate.

Length 10 mm.

Hab. Khamba Jong, Sikhim, 15,000-16,000 ft., Tibet

Exped. (H. J. Walton).

Strongly resembles the insects of Saussure’s Division

Hypodynerus, all of which come from Chili and the western

face of the Andes. The long hairy coat, the whitish-yellow

markings, and the fold at the base of the second abdominal

segment beneath are all characteristic of the Chilian insects ;

the wings and feet, however, lack the reddish coloration of

Hypodynerus, in which division I place it with doubt.

106 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

Odynerus (Leionotus) wellmant, sp. n.

Niger, sparse punctatus; clypeo basi, pronoto, maculis post oculos,

macula subalari, scutello, postscutello, metanoto utrinque, maculis

rotundis, segmentis abdominis 1, 2 utrinque flavis; tegulis,

pedibus, segmentis 5, 6 abdominis ferrugineis.

@. Black; clypeus at base, large mark on face above

insertion of antennz, a large mark behind the eyés on each

side, the pronotum, except a narrow space in middle of

anterior margin, large transverse mark on scutellum, post- ~

scutellum, a large oval mark on hind surface of median

segment, a small spot on metapleure on each side, con-

spicuous round marks on each side of abdominal segments

1 and 2, coxee, femora, and the anterior tibia, on the outside,

yellow.

Mandibles, apical area of clypeus, scape and segments

2,3, 4 of antenne, tegulz, postorbits below, median seg-

ment laterally, marks on each side of abdominal segments

1 and 2 (joining the yellow spots), two conspicuous marks

on second abdominal segment on ventral surface, apical

margin of abdominal segment 4, abdominal segments 5 and

6 totally ferrugineous. Tarsi, intermediate and posterior

femora ferrugineous. Abdominal segments 2 and 3, with a

narrow apical margin above, whitish. Wings golden hyaline,

fuscous in radial cell.

Clypeus rounded at the base, rather longer than broad,

narrowly produced to form two blunt, short teeth at apex.

Scutellum flat, divided from the postscutellum by a con-

spicuous furrow ; median segment truncate, rounded laterally

towards the apex. Abdomen narrow, elongate; first

abdominal segment cup-shaped, rather narrower than second.

Punctured, head and thorax coarsely granular, clypeus very

minutely ; abdomen shining, impunetate.

Length 10 mm.

Hab. Angola (C. Wellman), Lualaba River (S. A. Neave),

2500-4000 ft.; 12.5.07.

There appears to be a close resemblance between this

insect and the variety of the female of O. bellatulus, Sauss.,

mentioned in Saussure’s Etud. Fam. Vespid. 111. Masar. 1856,

p. 243, from the Gambia.

O. wellmani may be distinguished from this variety by the

second joint of the flagellum, which is considerably longer

than in O. bellatulus, Sauss.; in addition to this, the

second abscissa on the radial cell is half as long as the third,

whereas the second cubital cell in O. bellatulus is sub-

petiolate.

new Species of Diploptera. 107

Odynerus (Leionotus) simplidentatus, sp. n.

Verrugineus; clypeo, pronoto abdominisque segmentis margine

postico flavo-fasciatis; vertice mesonotoque nigris; unguiculis

vix bidentatis.

é. Black; clypeus, a line along the inner orbits of the

eyes, the sinus of the eyes, scape of antennze beneath, hind

margin of pronotum narrowly, a transverse line on post-

scutellum, apical margin of first abdominal segment dorsally,

and of abdominal segments 2-6 dorsally and ventrally,

yellow. Intermediate and posterior coxz totally, tibize and

tarsi principally, yellow.

Antenne [except segments 4-10], the mandibles, a mark

behind each eye, the pronotum, the tegulz, a spot on the

mesopleurz, a quadrate mark on the disk of the mesonotum,

scutellum, median segment, abdominal segments 1 and 2,

except for a black mark near apex, anterior legs, intermediate

and posterior femora and tarsi partially, ferrugineous.

Wings hyaline, slightly suffused with fuscous.

Thorax broadest at the tegule, the scutellum rather

prominent, divided from postscutellum by a transverse

groove, postscutellum in the form of a ridge.

Punctured: clypeus minutely; head, thorax, and apical

margin of abdominal segments 2-6 coarsely ; median segment

and abdomen finely punctured.

Whole covered with a grey pubescence, long on the vertex

and mesopleure.

Length 84 mm.

Hab. Salisbury, Mashonaland, March 1900 (G. A. K.

Marshall) ; 2 2.

This species is peculiar on account of the extremely small

development of the tooth on the tarsal claws ; this tooth is

placed at the extreme tip, and is only visible on the closest

examination, The tooth is so shaped that the apex of the

claws appears to be slightly bifurcate.

Odynerus rarotonge, sp. 0.

Niger, nitidus; abdomine impunctato; clypeo, pronoto, scutello

metanotoque maculis utrinque, segmentorum abdominis 1, 2

margine postico flavis ; pedibus rufis,

9. Shining black ; a mark on each side of clypeus at the

base, a spot between antenne, a minute spot behind each

eye, a large rectangular mark on pronotum on each side, an

ovate spot on mesopleure on each side, a spot on scutellum

on each side, and on median segment on each side, band on

108 Mr. G. Meade- Waldo on

apical margin of first abdominal segment above, and on

apical margin of second abdominal segment both above and

below, pale yellow. Tegule, legs, except the coxe,

ferrugineous.

Wings fusco-hyaline, darker along the costal area.

Clypeus longer than broad, truncate, narrowed towards

the apex, which is somewhat depressed ; pronotum trans-

verse anteriorly, widening towards the tegule, hinder margin

strongly arched; median segment truncate, the face of the

truncation depressed, each side produced to form a blunt

angle, first abdominal segment cup-shaped, narrower than

second abdominal segment, which is humped, when viewed

from the side. Punctured: head, pronotum, and meso-

notum rather coarsely, the mesopleure and _ scutellum

finely; median segment and abdomen shining and nearly

smooth.

Length 10 mm.

Hab. Rarotonga (Rey. Wyatt Gill); 49,12.

3g. Clypeus narrower than in female, with two small

teeth at apex. Otherwise similar to female.

Length 8 mm.

Closely resembles O. fluvo-cinctus, Smith, described from

Australia, but differs in the longer clypeus and smoother,

more shining abdomen.

Odynerus (Leionotus) woodfordi, sp. nu.

Niger; thorace punctato, et capite et thorace flavo-variegatis,

abdominis segmentis postice flavo-fasciatis ; antennarum scapo

pedibusque rufis.

@. Black; mandibles at base, a mark at base of clypeus

on each side, a spot between antenne at base, the sinus and

a line along the inner orbits of the eyes, an elongate-ovate

mark behind the eyes, anterior margin of pronotum inter-

rupted medially, two short longitudinal lines on disk of

mesonotum, tegule, two round spots on scutellum, a trans-

verse line on postscutellum, a mark on mesopleure on each

side, a round mark on anterior face of median segment on

each side, narrow band on apical margin of petiole dorsally,

and on apical margin of abdominal segments 2, 3, 4, both

dorsally and ventrally, but more faintly ventrally, spot at

apex of anterior and intermediate femora on outside, yellow.

Mandibles, scape and second joint of antenne, apical area

of clypeus, legs, a spot on tegul, ferrugineous.

Wings hyaline, slightly fuscous at apex and along the

costa.

new Species of Diploptera. 109

Clypeus almost as broad as long, narrower towards the

apex, on which are two short teeth; pronotum truncate

anteriorly, the sides parallel, not widening posteriorly ;

scutellum not divided from postscutellum by suture ; median

segment truncate and depressed medially, the sides slightly

produced and rounded. First abdominal segment rounded

anteriorly, half as broad again as long; second abdominal

segmeut at base as broad as first abdominal segment, but

slightly widening posteriorly.

Head, thorax, and legs covered with a short testaceous

pubescence, longest on the rounded sides of median segment.

Head and thorax rather coarsely punctured, abdomen

finely punctured.

Length 12 mm.

Hab. Solomon Islands (C. M. Woodford); 1 ?.

Odynerus (Ancistroceroides) batesi, sp. v.

Ochraceus, vertice nigro-maculato; alis hyalinis, costa pallide

fusca, cellula cubitali secunda triangulari.

2. Pale ochraceous ; a conspicuous mark on the vertex

round the ocelli, strongly emarginate anteriorly, black.

Mandibles at apex and flagellum above fuscous.

Wings clear hyaline, fuscous along the costa and in the

radial cell.

Clypeus as broad as long, convex, and rounded at apex ;

mandibles stout, hardly dentate on the inner margin.

Ocelli placed in a triangle. A conspicuous transverse ridge

crosses the vertex immediately behind the ocelli. Pronotum

truncate at the anterior margin, the anterior angles forming

conspicuous angles; scutellum and postscutellum divided

by a shallow transverse furrow; postscutellum truncate

posteriorly ; median segment truncate, with the truncation

concave, the lateral angles bluntly angular. Abdomen

elongate-ovate ; first segment broadly cup-shaped, its

posterior margin as broad as the second abdominal segment.

Punctured : the mandibles and clypeus finely, head and

thorax coarsely; disk of mesonotum with some longitudinal

striations. Covered with a greyish-white pubescence, which

is longer on the terminal segments of the abdomen.

Length 74 mm.

Hab. Ega, Brazil (Bates) ; 2 9.

This species is of the same ground-colour as Odynerus

(Leionotus) chloroticus, Spin., from Egypt.

110 On new Species of Diploptera.

RHYNCHALASTOR, gen. NOv.

Forma Rhynchio similis; elypeo margine anteriore acuto; palpis

labialibus 3-articulatis, palpisque maxillaribus 6-articulatis.

Head small, rather rounded in front ; antenn of moderate

length, simple; flagellum stout, joints subequal in length ;

clypeus strongly convex, produced to a point at apex, the

ereatest breadth equal to the greatest length ; mandibles of

moderate length, subacute, bluntly dentate on the imner

side; labial palpi stout, 3-jointed, jomt 38 half as long as

joint 2, and terminated by a conspicuous bristle ; maxillary

palpi 6-jointed, joints 1 and 2 longest, joint 3 shorter than

joint 2, joint 4 longer than joints 5 and 6, joints 5 and 6

subequal. Pronotum transverse, anterior angles produced

to form spines laterally; mesonotum, scutellum, and post-

scutellum slightly arched ; median segment truncate ; dorsal

surface medially half as long as scutellum, longer laterally,

depressed ; surface of truncation traversed by a longitudinal

groove. Legs: intermediate tibie with one spur, the claws

of the tarsi bifid. Wings: radial cell widely subtriangular,

three cubital cells; second cubital cell petiolate, receiving

both recurrent nervures. Abdomen as in Rhynchium, first

abdominal segment rather narrower than the second. ¢.

This genus strongly resembles A/astor in general facies,

but is immediately recognized as distinct by the pointed

clypeus and 8-jointed labial palpi. Alastor does not seem

to have been recorded from Africa.

Rhynchalastor fuscipennis, sp. 0,

Ferrugineus, capite mesothoraceque nigris; alis fusco-hyalinis,

cellula cubitali secunda petiolata.

2. Black; mandibles, the clypeus, cheeks, scape in front,

pronotum, tegule, mesopleure partly, apical half of scutellum,

postscutellum, dorsal surface and sides of median segment,

the legs, dark fusco-ferrugineous. Abdomen totally ferru-

gineous brown.

Wings fusco-hyaline, costal area darker fuscous.

Punctured: head, thorax, median segment coarsely

rugosely, clypeus finely punctured; abdomen impunctate.

A narrow band on apical margin of each abdominal segment

shining.

Covered with a moderately long and dense ferrugineous

pile, longest on abdomen; no pile present on the clypeus or

mandibles.

Length 11 mm.

Hab. German East Africa; 1 ?.

On a new Fruit-Bat from Africa. 111

XIL.—A new Genus of Fruit-Bats and Two new Shrews from

Africa. By OLprietp THomas.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

CASINYCTERIS, gen. nov.

External characters, including even coloration, precisely

as in Scotonycteris. The ears larger than in S. zenkeri.

Wings reticulated, said to be orange-coloured in the tresh

state.

Skull at once distinguishable from that of Scotonyctertis by

its palate being markedly shortened posteriorly and the bony

floor to the long mesopterygoid fossa completely obsolete, so

that the palation is practically at the level of the back of the

single molar. In Scotonycteris there is the usual elongated

palate. Palatal edge forming a reversed W(M), the median

angle in continuation with a long and high vomerine ridge.

Rostrum shorter in proportion than in Scotonycteris, bony

palate more arched mesially, zygomata more abruptly

expanded, postorbital processes and general cranial ridges

more strongly developed. Rami of lower jaw thickened and

expanded.

Dental formula as in Scotonycteris.

Teeth in a general way high, pointed, shorter in section

antero-posteriorly, broader transversely than in Scotonycteris.

Canines very long, curved, flattened. Cheek-teeth, both

upper and lower, with the inner cusp well developed and

separate, instead of being suppressed or joined to the outer

as in Scotonycteris; this is especially noticeable in ps, the

inner cusp being distinct, two-thirds the height of the outer,

while in Scotonycteris the outer and inner enamel-ridges of

the tooth are smoothly continuous with each other,

Type. Casinycteris argynnis, sp. 0.

This striking bat, which adds another to the long list of

new genera discovered by Mr. Bates, is remarkable for

possessing a palate quite unlike that of other fruit-eating

bats, and more recalling that found in some of the Micro-

chiroptera. ‘The astonishing resemblance of the type species

to Scotonycteris zenkerv is also noticeable. Probably both bats

bear a protective resemblance to the leaves, fresh or dry, of

some local tree.

Casinycteris argynnis, sp. n.

General external appearance—at least in the dried state—

precisely as in Scotonycteris zenkert, except that the size is

112 Mr. O. Thomas on

materially larger, and the ears are also larger. Fur soft and

fine, the general mass of the hairs about 8 mm. in length on

the back, but with other longer hairs, attaining 13-14 mm.,

intermixed with them. Colour above about as in S. zenkeri,

the hairs brown at base, then greyish white, with pale russet-

brown tips. Head with the brown and white markings more

strongly defined than in that animal, the ground-colour a

little darker, the white patches prominent, present between

the eyes, at the posterior angle of the eyes, at the anterior

bases of the ears, and along the upper lips. In all other

respects, in colour, degree of hairiness, and the marked

reticulation of the wings, C. argynnis is so like S. zenkeri as

not to need detailed description.

At least this is the case so far as dried specimens are

concerned, but Mr. Bates states that in the fresh state the

wings, ears, eyelids, and muzzle were “ bright orange colour,”

and some traces of yellow are still present on such parts of

the type as have been protected from light. Possibly the

same may be the case with Scotonycteris, but we have no

evidence on the subject.

Dimensions of the type (the body and ear measurements

taken in the flesh) :—

Forearm 60 mm.

Head and body 95; ear 20; index finger (c. u.) 44°5;

third finger, metacarpus 41, first phalanx 28, second plalanx

36 ; lower leg and foot (c. u.) 40.

Skull: greatest length 28°3 ; basal length 25; zygomatic

breadth 20 ; interorbital breadth 5:2; tip to tip of postorbital

processes 11°7 ; brain-case, breadth 13°6; palatal length 10°6 ;

post-palatal length 14-4 ; front of canine to back of mm O72: :

Hab. Bitye, Ja River, S.E. Kameruns. Alt. 2000’,

Type. Adult female. Original number 502. Collected

19th November, 1909, by Mr. G. L. Bates.

Orocidura turba provocax, subsp. ne

A short-tailed mountain form of C. t. zaodon *.

Colour dark, slightly darker than in true ¢urba, and

agreeing with that described in zaodon; underparts brown,

without the distinct greyish wash down the middle line of

the belly found in turba. ‘Tail as short as in turba, black,

the long hairs light grey.

Skull with a distinctly broader brain-case than in turba ;

teeth slightly heavier, the large second incisor not so long

horizontally.

* Osgood, Publ. Field Mus. x. p. 21 (1910).

new Shrews from Africa. 113

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 96 mm.; tail 51; hind foot (s. uw) 15°5 ;

ear 10°5,

Skull, condylo-incisive length 24:3; breadth of brain-case

10:2; maxillary breadth 7°5; upper tooth-row 10°4.

Hab. Aberdare Mts., British East Africa. Alr. 11,000’.

Type. Adult male. Rudd Collection. B.M. no. 10.5.3.25.

Original number 595. Collected 5th February, 1910, by

R. Kemp. Nine specimens.

The very short tail of this species will distinguish it from

the Nairobi C. t. zaodon, with which it agrees in the characters

used to distinguish that form from the Bangweolo C. turba.

‘Ten specimens of zaodon average 60 mm. in tail-length, with

a minimum of 56, while eight examples of provocax averaze

49°6, with a maximum of 53.

Sylvisorex somereni, sp. 0.

A giant Sylvisorer, rivalling in proportions the largest

species of Crocidura. :

Size immensely larger than in the other species of Sylvi-

sorex, all of which are quite small shrews. Fur very long,

soft, and rather woolly, not crisp, ordinary hairs of back

about 11-12 mm. in length; mixed with these hairs there

are a considerable number of longer hairs, 15-16 mm. in

length, these being most numerous on the posterior back.

A small lateral gland present. General colour above uniform

“smoke-grey,”’ slightly paler anteriorly, darker posteriorly,

the hairs slaty grey with dull buffy-whitish tips; under

surface with the bases of the hairs darker slaty, and their tips

more suffused with isabella. End of muzzle, ears, upper

surface of hands and feet blackish brown. ‘Tail shorter than

head and body, without longer bristles, its short fine hairs

brown above and at the end, dull whitish proximally.

Skull nearly twice as long lineally, and many times as

large in bulk, as that of the next largest species of the genus,

S. lunaris. In correlation with this great increase in size,

the lambdoid crests are enormously developed and extended

backwards, surpassing posteriorly on each side the level of

the condyles, and continuous with a posterior extension of

the lateral temporal crests, the whole masseteric area forming

a sort of shield on each side of the brain-case bordered by the

sharp edges of the crests; on the top of the skull, however,

the muscular regions do not meet to form a median sagittal

crest, as they do in large Crocidine. ‘lhe surface of the

bone of this masseteric area is strongly pitted and sculptured,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 8

114 Mr. R. Shelford on a

a parallel to this occurring alone in Crocidura goliath. Par-

occipital process modified into a ridge, distinct from and

parallel with the main masseteric ridge outside it. Lacrymal

foramen large, with expanded and overhanging lip.

Teeth as usual, the fourth unicuspid slightly smaller than

the subequal second and third.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body (probably shrunk) 120 mm. ; tail 68; hind

foot (wet) 23 ; ear (wet) 13.

Skull, condylo-incisive * length 33°7; condylo-basal

length 33; greatest breadth 14:2; anterior breadth across

palate 10°1; palatal length 15:2 ; upper tooth-row 15°3; tip

of 7} to tip of p* 81; lower tooth-row 14.

Hab. Kyetume, near Kampala, Uganda.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 10.5,21.1. Collected by

Dr. R. van Someren, and presented through his brother

Mr. V. G. van Someren.

This remarkable shrew is so disproportionately larger than

the other members of Sylvisorex that it has developed skull-

characters which one was at first disposed to consider as of

generic value. But Crocidura goliath gives us in that genus

so close a parallel in these characters of skull-ridges and

sculpturing to what is found in S. somereni that the latter

may safely be assigned to Sylvisorex, with the expectation

that other intermediate species will presently turn up.

XIIT.—A new Cavernicolous Cockroach.

By R. SHELForD, M.A., F.L.S.

Subfam. Corrpzrrvz.

ALLUAUDELLA, gen. nov.

Size minute. Antenne elongate, setaceous. Palpi long

and slender. Eyes reduced. Pronotum discoidal, anteriorly

not covering vertex of head. Tegmina and wings con-

siderably exceeding apex of abdomen, identical in texture

and clothed with a delicate recumbent pubescence. Tegmina

with mediastinal vein short, radial vein bifurcate from base,

costals entirely absent, anterior ulnar simple, posterior ulna

triramose, one vena spuria between the radial and anterior

ulnar veins, anal vein straight, anal field much reduced, one

* To front convex surface of incisors,

new Cavernicolous Cockroach. 115

axillary vein. Wings with the mediastinal vein short, radial

vein simple, costals entirely absent, median vein bifurcate

from base, ulnar bifurcate, two ven spuria, posterior part of

wing reduced to a small lobe with one curved axillary vein.

Legs long and very slender; femora with genicular spines ;

posterior tibie with a few minute spines on the outer aspect,

biseriately arranged; posterior metatarsus much exceeding

in length the following joints, No tarsal arolia,

Fig. 1.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 1. Left tegmen. Fig. 2. Left wing. Fig. 3. Hind leg.

Fig. 4. Head from below.

Alluaudella cavernicola, sp. n.

dé. Pale flavo-testaceous, impunctate. Frons not bullate.

Eyes and antennal sockets situated low down on the frons,

the former reduced to a pair of slender streaks. Supra-anal

116 Sir G. F, Hampson on

lamina trapezoidal, its apex faintly emarginate. Subgenital

lamina deeply and widely cleft at the apex, the angles pro-

duced, each bearing a minute style. Posterior tibize longer

than their femora. (Cerci mutilated.)

Length of body 3°5 mm.; length of teemina 4°5 mm.

Kulumusi caves, near Tanga, German East Africa (1. Ch.

Alluaud, 1909). Types in Paris and Oxford University

Museums.

This remarkable genus, belonging to the Latindia section

of the subfamily, agrees with Cardaz mihi, from Ceylon, in

the pubescent tegmina and wings, the radiate arrangement of

their veins, the reduction of the posterior field of the wings.

XIV.—Descriptions of new African Moths.

By Sir Georce F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c.

(Continued from vol. v. p. 496. }

Psychide.

Psycuin 2.

Manatha ethiops, sp. n.

Fore wing with veins 4, 5 from cell.

g. Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish clothed with pale

brown and whitish head ; wings uniform pale brown, thinly

scaled.

Hab. Sterra Leone (Dudgeon), 1 8; Carr Co rony,

Transkei (Lounsbury), 1 ¢ type. Hap. 20 mm.

Monda junctimacula, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; antenne blackish

suffused with white above; fore tibiz and first joint of tarsi

black above. Fore wing semihyaline white, the apical area

fuscous black-brown from costa beyond middle to termen at

submedian fold, conjoined to a blackish spot above base of

vein 2, and with an obscure blackish spot on it above base

of vein 3. Hind wing semihyaline white.

Hab. Ucanna, Entebbe (Minchin), 1 3; Br. C. Arrica,

Likoma (de Jersey), 3 g type. Exp. 22-26 mm.

Allied to M. delicatissima, Wlk., but the apical patch of

fore wing extending on termen to vein 2 and confluent with

the spots beyond lower angle of cell.

new African Moths. 117

Psyche calamochroa, sp. n.

Both wings with veins 4,5 from cell; fore wing with vein 6

present ; hind wing with vein 6 absent.

3. Uniform pale ochreous brown; antenne with the

branches slightly darker.

Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Taveta (Rogers), 1 g type. Exp.

20 mm.

Fomein2z.

Epichnopteryx transvalica, sp. n.

Fore wing with vein 9 absent; hind wing with vein 4

absent; all the veins from the cell in each wing.

¢. Uniform black-brown with a cupreous gloss, the

vertex of head with a few white hairs.

Hab. Transvaat, Doornfontein (Janse), 1 3 type. Eup.

18 mm.

Arbelide.

Key to the African Genera.

A. Fore wing with vein 7 from 8 beyond 9; hind wing

with veins 6, 7 from cell.

a. Fore wing with vein 10 absent ..............+% Lebedodes.

6. Fore wing with vein 10 stalked with 7,8,9...... Paralebeda.

c. Fore wing with vein 10 from the cell............ Selagena,

B. Se wing ‘with vein 7 from 8 before 9.

. Fore wing with vein 10 stalked with 7, 8,9; hind

wing with veins 6,7 stalked ........ cee. 0.0004 Marshalliana.

b. Fore wing with vein 10 from the cell; hind wing

WHIGHGUEINA Gs 7, BEMIKOGY Seta s safo.tS «ave cielteta-s Arbelodes.

ce. Fore wing with veins 9 and 10 anastomosing with

8 to form the areole ; hind wing with veins 6, 7

RECON bs Rd do IOS Oat tO a dae Metarbelodes.

d, Fore wing with vein 9 from 10 anastomosing with

8 to form the areole.

a’. Hind wing with veins 6, 7 stalked............ Metarbela.

b'. Hind wing with veins 6, 7 from cell .......... Teragra.

The species marked with an * are not in the British

Museum.

Genus LeBrepopes.

Type.

Lebedodes, Holl. Psyche, vi. p. 534 (1893) ose sees eeeeeeee cossula,

Hollandia, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xxii. p. 187 (1894) ak dos togoica,

Hollandella, Gill, Science, xiii. p. 949 (1901) ........,.., togotca,

Catarbelana, B.-Baker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ii, p. 263

CID08) 2 ier ctesesssness Ges ipepe VONLES pe en ee oh OV bassa,

118 Sir G. F. Hampson on

(1) Lebedodes rufithorax, sp. n.

&. Head whitish tinged with rufous ; thorax deep rufous,

the outer edge of patagia whitish tinged with rufous; pectus,

legs, and abdomen pale rufous, the last with the ventral

surface whitish. Fore wing pale rufous, with numerous

reticulate brown lines, the lines on terminal half forking

towards inner margin, a dark patch on inner margin near

base. Hind wing pale rufous with some dark irroration;

two indistinct reticulate dark lines on terminal area.

Hab. Natat, Durban (Casey), 2 g type. Eazp. 34 mm.

(2) *Lebedodes togoica, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xxii. p. 187

(1896).

W. AFRIca.

(3) *Lebedodes bassa, B.-Baker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8)

ll. p. 263 (1908).

W. Arrica.

(4) *Lebedodes endomela, B.-Baker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(8) i. p. 425 (1909).

E. AFrica.

(5) Lebedodes natalica, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown, the head,

tegule, paired metathoracic crests, and crest at base of abdo-

men darker ; ventral surface of abdomen whitish. Fore wing

red-brown ; a diffused blackish fascia along median nervure

bent upwards and forming a brownish blotch beyond the

cell; some eight or nine irregularly waved lines, obsolete in

cell, the subterminal line forming brownish blotches. Hind

wing glossy grey-brown, with terminal series of slight dark

spots.

Hab. Natau, Delvin (Stanger), 1 3 type. Exp. 36 mm.

(6) Lebedodes cossula, Holl. Psyche, vi. p. 534 (1893).

W. and E. Arrica..

(7) Lebedodes durbanica, sp. n.

dg. Head and thorax black-brown; antenne with the

branches brownish ochreous; abdomen glossy seal-brown,

the dorsum black-brown at base. Fore wing grey-brown,

new African Moths. 119

with numerous waved striated dark lines, the postmedial and

subterminal lines confluent at vein 4, forming a Y-shaped

mark ; a wedge-shaped black patch on inner margin from

near base to middle; vein 2 with fine oblique black streak.

Hind wing silky grey-brown ; the underside with some black

striz on costa.

Hab. Navar, Durban (Leigh, Bowker, Queketl), 5 3 type.

Exp. 46-50 mm.

Closely allied to Z. cossula, Holl., but much darker and

hind wing without the dark striz.

Genus PARALEBEDA, NOV.

Type P. carnescens.

Proboscis absent ; palpi very short, porrect ; antennz of

male bipectinate with moderate branches; tibie and tarsi

fringed with long hair ; abdomen with crest of rough hair

at base. Fore wing with the lower angle of cell produced,

vein 3 from well before angle; 4, 5 from angle or stalked ;

6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9,10 stalked, 7 from beyond 9;

11 from cell. Hind wing with the lower angle of cell pro-

duced ; veins 3 and 5 from near angle; 6,7 from upper

angle, 7 connected with 8 by an oblique bar.

Sect. I.—Fore wing with veins 4, 5 stalked.

(1) *Paralebeda schultzei, Auriv. Ark. f. Zool. i. p.41(1905).

W. Argica.

Sect. I.—Fore wing with veins 4, 5 from cell.

(2) Paralebeda carnescens, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax dark red-brown mixed with flesh-

pink ; abdomen flesh-pink, with slight brownish bands, the

base of dorsum brown, the underside with brown mixed.

Fore wing flesh-pink obscurely mottled with brown; the

basal half of costa with small black spots; am antemedial

diffused V-shaped black mark on inner area; a faint blackish

shade beyond end of cell; a blackish subterminal shade from

costa to vein 4 and a series of faint dark spots just before

termen from apex to vein 2. Hind wing whitish tinged with

flesh-pink, especially on basal area; some faint brown

mottlings beyond lower angle of cell; the terminal half with

pale brown striated mottlings, forming an indistinct post-

medial line curving outwards to termen at vein 2 and a sub-

120 Sir G. F. Hampson on

terminal oblique line ending on termen at vein 3; cilia

flesh-pink.

Hab. Nara, Durban (Clark), 2 3 type. Exp. 42 mm.

Closely allied to Lebedodes ? schultzei, Auriv.

Genus SELAGENA.

Type.

Selagena, WYk. xxxii. 590 (1865)... 1. eee ee eee eens transversa.

Pettiynamma, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xxi. p. 373 (1895).... transversa.

Catartela, Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 1901, p. 127 .........46. transversa.

(1) Selagena tessellata, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xx.

p. 210 (1897).

S. AFRICA.

(2) Selagena albonotata, Butl. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 428.

EK. AFRICA.

(3) Selagena transversa, Wik. xxxii. 59 (1865).

Pettigramma spiculata, Karsch, Ent. Nachr,. xxi, p. 374, p!. iv. fig. 5

(1895),

Catarbela strigosa, Auriy. Ent, Tidskr. 1901, p. 128.

W. AFRICA.

(4) Selagena atridiscata, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown, mixed with

some white and ochreous and spatulate black scales ; pectus

whiter. Fore wing whitish tinged with rufous and thickly

tessellated with black-brown markings, leaving pale strize

between them, especially on postmedial area; an elliptical

black spot in end of cell and a blackish patch below middle

of cell; cilia chequered brown and whitish. Hind wing

fuscous brown tinged with grey, the inner margin paler;

cilia whitish, with a black line near base from apex to vein 2,

the tips faintly chequered with brown; the underside with

the costal and inner areas whitish.

Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Taveta (Rogers), 1 2 type. LEzp.

32 mm.

(5) Selagena obsolescens, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-white, slightly tinged

in parts with rufous, the tips of patagia and dorsal crests of

abdomen with some spatulate black scales; antenne with

the branches rufous. Fore wing grey-white, with obsolescent

new African Moths. 12]

tessellated blackish markings except on costal area, more

prominent and with some yellow scales on them on medial

inner area; an elliptical blackish spot in end of cell; cilia

chequered brown and white. Hind wing grey suffused with

fuscous brown, the cilia obscurely chequered with brown

from apex to vein 2; the underside whiter.

Hab. Nava, Durban (Clark), 1 3 type. Exp. 40 mm.

Genus MARSHALLIANA.

Type.

Marshalliana, Auriyv. Ent. Tidskr. 1901, p. 126

he eee bivittata.

(1) Marshalliana bivittata, Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 1901, p. 126.

AsyssintA; KE. Arrica; Ucanna; Goup Coast; S.E.

Conoco; Ruopesta,

ARBELODES. Type

Arbelodes, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xxii. p. 141 (1896) ...... meridiai's,

Ortharbela, Auriv., Kongl. Swedeschen Ak. Wiss. ix. p. 49

Re kd lat Mais geld Fo a ytd pides ated cae Uae ais ewes Hox guttata,

(1) Arbelodes tetrasticta, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown mixed with some

reddish ocbreous, the tips of patagia with some white hairs;

the abdomen ventrally banded with ochreous. Fore wing

dark reddish brown, with some ochreous on basal inner area ;

an indistinct ochreous spot at upper angle of cell ; an oblique

series of four small white spots below vein 2 between the

cell and tornus. Hind wing fuscous brown; the cilia with

some grey mixed.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Taveta (Rogers), 1 gd, 1 ¢ type.

Exrp., 8 24, 2 26 mm.

(2) *Arbelodes guttata, Auriv. Kongl. Swedeschen Ak. Wiss.

ix. p. 50, pl. 1. fig. 8 (1910).

E. Arrica,

(3) *Arbelodes meridialis, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xxi. p. 141

(1896).

Care CoLony.

122 Sir G. F. Hampson on

(4) Arbelodes obliquifascia, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax fuscous brown mixed with grey ;

abdomen whitish mixed with dark brown, the basal crest

blackish. Fore wing grey thickly irrorated with dark

brown ; a series of smal] blackish spots on costa ; an oblique

lunulate blackish fascia from just below apex to vein 5 and

another from vein 5 nearer termen to inner margin; a

crenulate black line just before termen. Hind wing whitish

suffused with pale reddish brown.

Hab. Sierra Leone (Mitford), 1 3 type. Eap. 26 mm.

(5) Arbelodes albivenata, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown mixed with grey-

white ; palpi, frons, pectus, and ventral surface of abdomen

white ; antenne with the shaft white, the branches brown.

Fore wing red-brown tinged with grey and slightly irrorated

with blackish ; a strong white streak on basal half of vein 1,

the terminal half of vein 1 and the veins arising from median

nervure slightly streaked with white, the costal edge whitish ;

three indistinct dark striz on antemedial area from costa to

median nervure; a curved series of dark points just beyond

the cell from costa to vein 2, followed by a double rather

oblique punctiform line; a faint dark subterminal line

slightly excurved below costa and vein 6; cilia with a series

of white points at base and white tips. Hind wing grey-

brown, the cilia pure white at tips.

Hab. Natau, Estcourt (Hutchinson), 1 92 type. Lap.

30 mm.

(6) Arbelodes rufula, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale rufous ; palpi and

lower part of frons blackish. Fore wing pale rufous; a

faint brown annulus just beyond the cell; faint reticulate

antemedial and two medial lines from cell to inner margin ;

a rather more distinct reticulate postmedial line excurved

below costa and at middle and incurved between veins 7 and

5 and below vein 3; a faint subterminal shade; a terminal

series of minute lunules. Hind wing whitish tinged with

pale rufous.

Hub. Br. E. Arrica, Takaungu (Crawshay), 1 3g type.

Ezp. 28 mm.

(7) Arbelodes diagonalis, sp. n.

¢. Head, tegule, and dorsum of thorax black-brown ;

new African Moths. 123

antenne with the branches red-brown; patagia red-brown ;

fore legs black-brown ; abdomen ochreous brown, with the

extremity of anal tuft black-brown. Fore wing red-brown

finely pencilled with fuscous ; a very oblique black streak

from below costa before middle to tornus; a slight waved

blackish antemedial line from cell to inner margin ; a fine

medial blackish line, forming a fork from below costa to

lower angle of cell, and another from lower angle of cell to

inner margin; an irregularly waved blackish postmedial

line incurved at discal fold; a slightly waved and somewhat

diffused subterminal line and crenulate terminal line. Hind

wing pale ochreous brown.

Hab. Gov Coast, Ashanti, Obuassi (Bergman), 1 ¢ type.

Eup. 34 mm.

Genus MerarBEeLoDEs.

Type.

Metarbelodes, Strand, Iris, 1909, p. 119

Ppphe me Oat rt bes | gee umtahana.

(1) Metarbelodes obliqualinea, B.-Baker, Aun. & Mag. Nat.

Hist. (8) iii. p. 425 (1909).

E. Arrica.

(2) Metarbelodes umtaliana, Auriv. Ent. Tidskr. 1901, p. 127.

Ruopesia.

Genus MerarBELa,

Type.

Metarbela, Holl. Psyche, vi. p. 535 (1893)

RO iets 5d aw 6 din stivafser,

(1) Metarbela arcifera, Hmpsn, Trans. Zool. Soe. xix. p, 133,

pl. iv. fig. 64 (1909).

E. Arrica.

(2) *Metarbela pagana, Strand, Iris, 1909, p. 118.

E. Arrica.

(3) *Metarbela onusta, Karsch, Ent. Nachr, xxii, p. 139

(1896).

W. Arrica.

(4) Metarbela triguttata, Auriy. Ark, f. Zool. ii. p. 41, fig.

(1905).

W. Arrica; UGanpa.

124 Sir G. F. Hampson on

(5) Metarbela micra, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xxii. p. 141 (1896).

W. AFRICA,

(6) Metarbela cymaphora, sp. n.

Head and thorax dark glossy yellowish brown ; abdomen

paler yellowish brown, with the crest at base darker. Fore

wing pale glossy yellowish brown with slight dark irroration ;

a rather quadrate blackish spot at upper angle of cell faintly

defined by whitish ; a slight dark line from vein 2 near its

origin to inner margin, incurved and defined by whitish

below vein 2; two to four obliquely placed minute white

spots below vein 2 towards tornus, with a minute white spot

below them on inner margin ; some small alternating dark

and pale spots on costa towards apex ; a dark subterminal

line defined on inner side by whitish striz, excurved below

costa and at middle and incurved at discal fold. Hind wing

pale yellowish suffused and irrorated with brown.

Hab. Ruovesis, Bulawayo (Marshall), 16 3 type. EHxp.

24-28 mm,

(7) Metarbela stivafer, Holl. Psyche, vi. p. 535 (1893).

W. AFRIca.

(8) Metarbela dialeuca, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax pale red-brown mixed with white ;

abdomen whitish tinged with red-brown. Fore wing grey-

white suffused with red-brown and slightly irrorated with

dark brown ; a diffused oblique whitish fascia on vein 2 from

cell to tornus ; two oblique dark striz across end of cell and

two divergent medial lines from submedian fold to inner

margin ; a diffused brownish spot just beyond the cell; a

rather diffused oblique brown subterminal line. Hind wing

whitish tinged with pale red-brown.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Mutito-wa-Ndei (Betton), 1 2 type.

Lap. 24 mm.

(9) Metarbela tuckeri, Butl Aun, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)

p- 400 (1875).

NATAL.

(10) *Metarbela nubifera, B.-Baker, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

(8) ii. p. 425 (1909).

E. AFRICA.

new African Moths. 125

(11) Metarbela rava, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xxii. p. 1 £1 (18935).

W. Arnica.

(12) *Metarbela fumida, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xxii. p. 140

(1896).

W. Arnica.

(13) Metarbela albitorquata, sp. u.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen golden brown mixed with

white, the head and tegule browner. Fore wing brassy

yellowish thickly irrorated with red-brown ; a series of black-

brown spots on costa alternating with white; a white patch

at base of costa and subbasal patch in submedian interspace ;

the base of inner margin white ; a triangular white spot at

middle of inner margin ; a white patch from costa, on which

it extends from before middle to near apex, constricted

below costa, then expanding into a bilobed patch, then

narrowing and forking above inner margin near tornus ; a

maculate white terminal band. Hind wing white; the veins

beyond the cell tinged with brown; the terminal area

suffused and irrorated with golden brown, broadly at costa,

narrowing to a point at submedian fold; cilia chequered

golden brown and white ; the underside suffused with golden

brown except the base, inner area, and costal edge, some

slight dark spots on middle of costa.

Hab. TRansvaat, Pretoria (Wilson), 1 g type. Ep.

30 mm.

Genus TERAGRA. ,

; ype-

re. VOUS, SR CORD) Fas wceenet uevcewcens cons conspera.

Sect. .—Antennz of male with long plumose branches ; hind wing

with veins 6,7 from a point.

(1) Teragra leucostigma, sp. n.

+g. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown mixed with

whitish ; tarsi slightly ringed with white. Fore wing

whitish tinged with brown and irrorated with fuscous ; sligit

blackish streaks below basal half of costa and in end of ceil ;

a large elliptical white patch slightly irrorated with brown

below the cell from near base to vein 2, defined below by

blackish ; an oblique, rather diffused, minutely dentate,

blackish line from apex to above middle of inner margin,

slightly excurved at vein 5; a subterminal series of small

126 Sir G. F. Hampson on,

black spots from below vein 6; a terminal series of black

points and striga at vein 2; cilia chequered fuscous and

whitish at tips. Hind wing grey-brown, the cilia chequered

fuscous and whitish at tips.

Hab, Basvutotanp, Machaka (Crawshay), 1 @ type.

Exp. 40 mm.

(2) Teragra sticticosta, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown mixed with some

grey. Fore wing grey suffused and irrorated with brown ;

the costa with numerous small black spots ; a black streak

in lower part of cell before middle, curved downwards to

vein 1 near base; a blackish antemedial bar across the sub-

median interspace ; two black discoidal points ; a quadrate

brown patch, defined by whitish on inner margin before the

postmedial line, which is very oblique and rather diffused on

outer side from costa to vein 5 just beyond the cell, then

somewhat excurved, indistinct, and defined on each side by

whitish at inner margin; a brown subterminal line expanding

into small spots at the veins; a terminal series of small

spots ; cilia with a dark brown line at middle and dark tips.

Hind wing greyish suffused with brown and irrorated with

dark brown; cilia with a brown line near base, the tips

chequered brown and whitish.

Hab. Natat, Richmond (Nicholson), 1 g type. LEzp.

38 mm.

Sect. I].—Antennz of male with moderate branches.

A. Hind wing with the discocellulars strongly angled, the upper part

of ceil rather short; veins 6, 7 from near together.

(3) Teragra umbrifera, sp. n.

g. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown mixed with

greyish. Fore wing greyish suffused and irrorated with red-

brown ; antemedial line indistinct, brownish, oblique, irregu-

larly sinuous, from subcostal nervure to inner margin ; two

oblique, irregularly sinuous, medial brown lines faintly defined

by whitish scales from subcostal nervure to inner margin and -

with a red-brown shade between them to above vein 1; post-

medial line whitish, oblique and forming two slight angles

from below costa to vein 7, then outwardly oblique and

nearly straight, a triangular patch of red-brown suffusion

beyond it to vein 2, followed by a pale band, then a slight

subterminal shade formed by dark irroration ; a series of

new African Moths. 127

minute dark lunules just before termen. Hind wing

greyish suffused with brown,

Hab. Sterra Leone, Tungi (Pearse), 1 ¢ type. Ezap.

46 mm,

(4) Teragra neurosticta, sp. n.

d. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown mixed with

some blackish, the last with the crest at base blackish. Fore

wing grey-brown slightly tinged with fuscous; a rounded

blackish spot at upper angle of cell; two or three minute

obliquely placed white spots below vein 2 towards tornus, with

another minute white spot below them on inner margin.

Hind wing grey suffused with brown.

Hab. Transvaat (Pead), 2 g type. Exp, 20-24 mm.

(5) Teragra simillima, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax pale rufous mixed with brown ; pectus

and legs yellow tinged with rufous, the fore tarsi brownish at

extremities ; abdomen yellow tinged with rufous, the basal

crest with fuscous mixed. Fore wing yellow tinged with

rufous, especially on costal area and in cell, and slightly

irrorated with brown ; antemedial line slight, double, dark,

waved, from below costa to inner margin, a blackish point

before it below the cell ; a patch of fuscous suffusion beyond

and below lower angle of cell, above an oblique whitish

streak on vein 2 extending to tornus ; postmedial line slight,

blackish, oblique, minutely dentate, arising from costa

towards apex, slightly excurved at vein 5 and angled inwards

above vein 1; a fuscous subterminal shade; a series of

minute blackish lunules at the extremities of the veins.

Hind wing yellowish white.

Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Mutito-wa-Ndei (Betfon), 1 ¢ type,

Ucanpa, Hoima (Christy), 2 g. Exp. 24-28 mm. :

Almost exactly similar to Metarbelodes obliqualinea, B.-

Baker, which is apparently distinct from M. umtaliana,

Auriy., of which we have one female only.

B. Hind wing with the discocellulars slightly angled, the upper part of

cell not short; veins 6,7 widely separated.

(6) Teragra gutlifera, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish white mixed

with rufous, the last with the ventral surface yellowish white.

128 Sir G. F. Hampson on

Fore wing yellowish white irrorated with rufous and thickly

reticulated with red-brown, forming rounded spots filled in

with white, less prominent in cell and on medial part of

costal area, some darker markings below and beyond end of

cell, Hind wing yellowish white suffused witb rufous and

rather indistiuctly reticulated with red-brown, forming some

rounded spots filled in with white on tornal area. The

underside with red-brown reticulation and forming rounded

spots filled in with white on costa and terminal area of both

wings.

Hab. Nata, Durban (Leigh), 1 ¢ type; Care Cotony,

1 ¢. Eap. 48 mm.

(7) Teragra conspersa, W\k. v. 1064 (1855).

S. Arrica.

Cosside.

Phragmatecia irrorata, sp. u.

g. Head and thorax grey-brown with a slight ochreous

tinge; abdomen pale grey-brown. Fore wing pale brownish

grey thickly irrorated with fuscous. Hind wing pale

brownish grey, the area beyond the cell faintly irrorated

with fuscous from costa to vein 2 ; the underside with the

costal area tinged with brown.

Hab. Masnonatann (Dobbie), 2 3 type; Nara, Durban

(Clark), 1 8. Eup. 48 mm.

Allied to P. pallens, H.-S.

Phragmatecia fuscifusa, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, aud abdomen pale brownish grey.

Fore wing brownish grey suffused with fuscous and slightly

irrorated with whitish. Hind wing whitish faintly tinged

with brown.

@. Head and thorax dark brown, the patagia reddish

brown.

Hab. Sterra Leone (Dudgeon), 1 3,1 2 type; S. Nr-

ceria, Lagos, Iroko (Dudgeon), 2 g. Ezxp., g 22, 9

32 mm.

Allied to P. impura, Hmpsn., from India.

Phragmatecia reticulata, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax fuscous black slightly mixed with

grey ; abdomen grey-brown. Fore wing brown tinged and

new African Moths. 129

faintly reticulated with fuscous. [ind wing pale grey tinged

with reddish brown, the cilia brown; the underside with the

costa browner.

Hab. Nava, Mooi R., 1 ¢ type. Ezxp. 36 mm.

Allied to P, impura, Hmpsn.

Phragmatecia sericeata, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax fuscous brown mixed with red-brown ;

abdomen grey-brown. Fore wing fuscous black, the terminal

half except the costal area suffused with silky grey showing

faint traces of dark reticulation ; the terminal half of costa

and inner margin with black striz, the termen and base of

cilia with small blackish spots. Hind wing pale brownish

grey, the inner area towards tornus with slight dark marks ;

cilia faintly chequered with brown; the underside with the

costa suffused with brown.

Hab. S. Nigersta, Vivet (Dudgeon), 1 g type. Exp.

30 mm.

Allied to P. impura, Hmpsn.

Phragmatecia atrireta, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey thickly irrorated

with black. Fore wing grey thickly irrorated with black

and closely reticulated with black lines; cilia chequered

black and grey. Hind wing grey thickly irrorated with

black, the terminal half faintly reticulated with dark lines ;

cilia faintly chequered grey and blackish; the underside

with the reticulations rather more prominent.

Hab. Becuvanatann, Lake N’gami (Lugard),1 ¢ type.

Eap. 42 mm.

Azygophleps nubilosa, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax dark reddish brown mixed with

greyish ; abdomen fuscous brown, white towards base, the

ventral surface whitish tinged with rufous. Fore wing pale

rufous suffused with fuscous except on costal area, the dark

area rather sparsely reticulated with black strie. Hind

wing white tinged with brown and rather faintly reticulated

with dark brown except on basal and inner areas; cilia

white chequered with black-brown from apex to submedian

fold.

Hab, Ucanna (Doggett), 1 2 type. Exp. 82 mm.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. se)

130 Sir G. F. Hampson on

Azygophleps flavitincta, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown mixed with

some ochreous white; antenne black-brown; pectus and

ventral surface of abdomen ochreous white ; tarsi blackish.

Fore wing pale brownish grey thickly reticulated with red-

brown lines, the basal half of costa and submedian interspace

tinged with reddish ochreous, the striz on these parts

blackish ; a faint oblique shade from termen below apex ;

cilia chequered whitish and brown. Hind wing pale brownish

grey, the base of inner area tinged with ochreous, the ter-

minal half from costa to submedian fold thickly reticulated

with pale brown lines; cilia chequered whitish and brown.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Njoro (Cholmley), 1 g¢ type. Hap.

54 mm.

Azygophleps melanonephele, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax pale yellow with paired streaks of

black scales on dorsum of thorax diverging behind ; palpi and

frons black; antenne fulvous yellow; abdomen yellowish

white ; pectus, legs, aud ventral surface of abdomen towards

base suffused with blackish brown. Fore wing pale yellow

reticulated with orange-yellow lines; the costa with black

streak from base, expanding into a triangular patch at middle,

connected with a discoidal spot which is connected with a

diffused oblique fascia with waved edges from termen below

apex; a postmedial black patch on costa and some small

spots towards apex ; a slight dark shade above inner margin

towards tornus ; cilia with slight blackish spots at veins 4, 3.

Hind wing yellowish white, with an oblique diffused fuscous

brown shade from apex to beyond lower angle of cell; the

underside with the costa and the shade from apex with

reticulate dark markings.

Hab. 8. Nieerta, Sapele (Sampson), 1 3 type. Eap

40 mm.

Duomitus lunifera, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax rufous mixed with ochreous and

slightly irrorated with black; palpi and lower part of frons

black ; patagia with black streaks on outer edge, the meta-

thorax with paired black patches ; abdomen ochreous tinged

with rufous. Fore wing ochreous tinged with rufous and

reticulated with red-brown; the costa with blackish striz ;

a small blackish postmedial spot above vein 1 ; a blackish

lunule from just before termen below apex to termen at

new African Moths, 131

vein 3; a terminal series of small blackish spots. Hind

wing ochreous tinged with rufous and rather faintly reticu-

lated with red-brown except on basal and inner areas, the

costa and termen somewhat paler ; a series of small brown

spots on termen and cilia from apex to submedian fold.

?. Thorax thicklyirrorated with black, the dorsum of thorax

and abdomen suffused with black-brown; fore wing suffused

with dark brown except towards base and termen, leaving the

medial part of submedian interspace paler, the reticulations

dark brown; hind wing suffused with dark brown.

Hab. Stexra Leone (Clements), 1 3, 1 2 type Exp.,

3 76, 2 96 mm.

Allied to D. moderata, W\k.

Duomitus polioplaga, sp. u.

3d. Head and thorax brownish grey irrorated with black,

the dorsum of mesothorax black. brown ; palpi, sides of frons,

pectus, and legs (except the tarsi) black-brown ; abdomen

greyish brown irrorated with black. Fore wing brownish

grey, the costal area to beyond middle and the basal area

irrorated with black, the rest of wing reticulated with brown ;

an inverted conical grey patch on medial area from cell to

inner margin, defined at sides by black and with a short

black streak beyond it above vein 1 ; some black-brown bars

from medial part of costa; the reticulations of terminal area

filled in with pale grey spots varying in size ; the postmedial

part of costa with some dark brown spots: a short dark

brown subterminal streak below apex and an irregular curved

mark from below vein 8 to termen at vein 3; a terminal

series of small brown spots. Hind wing grey-brown suffused

with dark brown and closely reticulated with brown except

on basal and inner areas, the termen somewhat greyer; a

series of small dark brown spots on termen and cilia; an

indistinct subterminal dark bar from below apex to vein 4,

where it expands to termen as a patch.

Hab. 8. Niceria, Lagos, Olokemeji (Dudgeon), 1 3 type.

Exp. 104 mm.

Allied to D. moderata, W\k.

Duomitus biatra, sp. n.

Antenne of male bipectinate with long branches to middle,

then serrate ; fore wing with vein 10 from the cell, 9 from

10 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole ; hind wing with

veins 6, 7 widely separated.

132 Sir G. F. Hampson on

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey tinged with red-

brown and thickly irrorated with black; antenne and legs

black. Fore wing white, with numerous black striz, the

costa and inner area (except at base) and tornus tinged with

rufous, the base and submedian fold to beyond middle irro-

rated with large black scales ; an antemedial black patch on

costa and rather triangular postmedial patch; some small

black spots on medial part of costa and towards apex. Hind

wing white, with numerous black striz except on basal and

inner areas.

Hab. Gouv Coast, 1 ¢; S. Nigeria, Old Calabar (Cromp-

ton), 1 Sg type. Hap. 54-68 mm.

Cossus egyptiaca, sp. n.

Fore wing with veins 7, 8 shortly stalked from 9 beyond

the areole; hind wing with veins 6, 7 from a point.

¢. Head and thorax dull reddish brown slightly mixed

with whitish; palpi whitish, with dark patch at base and

whitish tips; lower part of frons whitish ; abdomen pale

golden brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen

whitish tinged with pale golden brown, the tarsi black ringed

with white. Fore wing ochreous white thickly reticulated

with brown, the striz on costa, in end of cell, and at middle

of inner margin black; the base of cell and inner margin

without reticulations, whitish spots in base of interspaces

beyond the cell, and subterminal patches without reticulations

between veins 8 and 5 and 4 and 2. Hind wing white, the

terminal half faintly reticulated with brown from costa to

submedian fold ; the underside with brown striz from costa.

Hab. Eayrr, Suez (J. J. Walker),1 3 type. Exp. 46 mm.

Cossus abyssinica, sp. 0.

Fore wing with veins 7, 8 shortly stalked from 9 beyond

the areole ; hind wing with veins 6, 7 from a point.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish brown mixed with

grey ; tarsi blackish ringed with white. Fore wing grey

tinged and irrorated with brown ; some dark striz on costa;

traces of a curved antemedial line; two dark striz at end of

cell and a slightly sinuous line from lower angle to inner

margin ; two irregularly sinuous postmedial lines conjoined

above inner margin ; a nearly straight subterminal line, with

another faint line beyond it, emitting some oblique striz to

termen above tornus. Hind wing grey-white tinged with

reddish brown.

Hab. Axsyssinta (Degen), 1 3 type. Exp, 30 mm.

Allied to C. terebroides, Feld.

new African Moths. 133

Cossus fanti, sp. n.

Fore wing with veins 7, 8 shortly stalked from 9 beyond

the areole ; hind wing with veins 6, 7 from a point.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown mixed with

grey. Fore wing greyish suffused and irrorated with red-

brown ; an oblique blackish subbasal line from costa to vein 1

and antemedial striga from vein ] to inner margin ; acurved

slightly sinuous black medial line, with another line beyond

it nearly straight to vein 2, then sinuous ; the terminal area

faintly striated with brown and with some black striz from

costa; two irregularly sinuous blackish lines just before

termen. Hind wing greyish suffused with brown.

Hab. Gorpv Coast, Ashanti, Obuassi (Bergman), 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 32 mm.

Allied to C. terebroides, Feld.

Coryphodema albifasciata, sp. n.

3. Head and tegulz fuscous mixed with white, the latter

with diffused black band near tips; patagia white, with some

fuscous hair near base; pectus, legs, and abdomen brownish

grey. Fore wing grey-white irrorated with brown, some

pure white below base of costa, the cell and a fascia below it

pure white; an oblique brown shade from beyond lower

angle of cell to submedian fold, in which there is a blackish

streak on median area; the terminal area reticulated with

brown lines ; two more prominent lines from apical part of

costa to above vein 4, where they join and then emit oblique

streaks to termen at veins 4, 3, 2. Hind wing brownish

white, the veins and a terminal line brown.

Hab. Care Cotony, Kokstad (Mrs. Pringle), 1 3 type.

Exp. 32 mm.

Agrees with (Brachionycha) punctulata, W\k.,= Corypho-

dema capensis, Feld., except that veins 6, 7 of the hind wing

are stalked almost to termen.

Genus TricHocossvs, nov.

Proboscis absent; palpi minute, clothed with very long

hair ; antennz bipectinate with moderate branches to apex ;

head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with long hair, the last

with the anal tuft long; tibiz with the spurs long. Fore

wing with the costa and inner margin nearly parallel, the

apex rounded, the termen evenly curved; veins la and 6

anastomosing and curved upwards beyond middle; 1 ¢ slight ;

2 from close to angle of cell ; 3 from angle; a forked veinlet

134 Sir G. F. Hampson on

in cell; 4, 5, 6 from the discocellulars at intervals; 7, 8

strongly stalked from upper angle; 9 from angle; 10, 11

from cell. Hind wing with vein 2 from close to angle of

cell; 3 from angle ; 4, 5, 6 at intervals from discocellulars ;

7 from upper angle ; a forked veinlet in cell; 8 free.

The genus may be placed in the Tineide when the limits

of the families are better defined.

Trichocossus alliguttata, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with dark brown

and white hair mixed; frons white; antenne with the

branches dark brown. Fore wing red-brown tessellated with

rather ill-defined rounded white spots varying in size, with

no white spots below vein 1 except two at middle, and none

on terminal area except at costa; a slight darker brown

discoidal spot. Hind wing red-brown, the cell and area just

below it whitish.

Hab. Transvaat, Pochefstrom (Ayres), 1 g type. Exp.

20 mm.

Gymnelema stygialis, sp. un.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black. Fore wing black,

rather sparsely irrorated with large white scales. Hind

wing black-brown. Underside of fore wing with series of

white spots on costa except towards base.

¢. Wings shorter and comparatively broader, especially

the hind wing; fore wing with veins 9, 10 coincident, the

white irroration slight, cilia pure white except at tornus ;

hind wing with some white in cilia towards apex.

Hab. Transvaat (Pead), 1g, White R. (Cooke), 1 2 type,

Johannesburg (Cook), 1 g ; Natat, 19. Hap. f 18,

g 30 mm.

Fore wing with veins 7, 8 from the areole, 9, 10 stalked

from the areole in female, coincident in male, or 7, 8 also

stalked from the areole.

The genus belongs to the undefined borderland between

the Cosside and Tineide; the distinction will probably be

proved to be that the former has vein 1 ¢ of the fore wing

fully developed and reaching the termen or becoming coinci-

dent with 1 4, the latter slight and not reaching termen.

Gymnelema rougemonti, Heylaerts, from Delagoa Bay, the

type of genus, has veins 7, 8 stalked from the areole and 9,

10 from the areole in the single female described. Heylaerts

describes the larva as a case-dweller.

Gymnelema vinctus, W\k.,=incanescens, Butl., has veins 7,

8 from the areole and 9, 10 stalked or from the areole.

new African Moths. 135

Gymnelema leucopasta, sp. n.

Fore wing with veins 7,8 stalked from the areole, or

arising from the areole, veins 9, 10 from the areole.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen white mixed with brown

hair; tarsi blackish ringed with white. Fore wing brown

mixed with white; a white patch at base irrorated with

brown, almost or quite conjoined to a white costal fascia

irrorated with brown and extending to near apex, some

blackish spots on it on costa, its lower edge expanding into

the cell at its middle and extremity ; an irregular rather

elongate white patch at middle of vein 1; an indistinct

whitish subterminal band, incurved below vein 5 and ending

at vein 2; a series of small dark spots on termen and cilia.

Hind wing whitish suffused with brown except on basal and

inner areas ; the underside suffused with fuscous brown.

Hab. Care Coxrony, Deelfontein (Slogget!), 3 g type.

Exp. 24 mm.

Gymnelema pelverulenta, sp. 0.

Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9, 10 from the areole.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-white mixed with

brown. Fore wing grey suffused and irrorated with brown

and with numerous ill-defined small fuscous-brown spots.

Hind wing grey suffused with brown, the cilia white except

at base.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 gd type. Eup.

24 mm.

Limacodide.

Hyphorma subterminalis, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown slightly mixed

with grey. Fore wing red-brown tinged with grey and

irrorated with blackish; a small wedge-shaped black mark

at middle of discocellulars; a small black mark below costa

beyond middle with traces of a line from it, oblique to the

discoidal mark, angled outwards beyond lower angle of cell,

then oblique and angled outwards at vein 1; a strong

blackish shade from costa before apex to termen above

tornus, its inner edge rather diffused; a faint dark shade

just before termen between veins 5 and 38. Hind wing red-

brown.

Hab, Goup Coast (Dudgeon), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 30 mm.

136 Sir G. F. Hampson on

Macroplectra obliquilinea, sp. n.

Fore wing with vein 10 from the cell; hind wing with

veins 6, 7 stalked.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous ; fore legs tinged

with fuscous in front. Fore wing fulvous ; an oblique white

line from below costa well beyond middle to middle of inner

margin, slightly excurved at lower angle of cell, defined on

inner side by black between veins 6 and 2 and with some

fuscous suffusion beyond it except towards inner margin.

Hind wing whitish suffused with brown. Underside of both

wings whitish suffused with brown and with the costa fulvous.

Hab. 8. Nicerta, Olokemeji (Dudgeon), 1 g ; Ucanna,

White Nile, Gondokoro (Reynes-Cole), 2 g, Basubika

(Betton), 1 g ; Br. E. Arrica, Manda I. (Jackson), 1 @ ;

GazaLanp, Mt. Chirimda (Marshall), 1 g type. Hap. 14-

16 mm.

Macroplectra mesocyma, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous brown.

Fore wing pale ochreous brown with slight dark irroration ;

an oblique waved black shade slightly defined on outer side

by white from upper angle of cell to middle of inner margin,

interrupted at lower angle of cell; a faint oblique dark shade

from costa just before apex to inner margin. Hind wing

white faintly tinged with brown.

Hab, Ucanna, White Nile, Gondokoro (Reynes-Cole), 2 g

type. Hap. 16 mm.

Macroplectra fuscifusa, sp. 0.

Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous, the dorsum of thorax

with black mixed ; legs suffused with fuscous brown. Fore

wing bright rufous sparsely irrorated with black scales; a

diffused irregular black fascia in submedian fold to below

end of cell; a diffused discoidal patch ; an oblique waved

blackish subterminal band from below costa to above tornus,

its inner edge confluent with a black patch above discal fold,

with traces of an oblique line from it to middle of inner

margin; a terminal series of small blackish spots. Hind

wing fuscous brown, the cilia whitish. Underside of both

wings ochreous suffused with brown.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the diffused blackish marking

covering the greater part of inner and terminal areas and

conjoined to the discoidal patch.

Hab. Goxrp Coast (Dudgeon), 3 g type; S. Nicerta,

new African JMoths. 137

Lagos, Iroko (Dudgeon), 4 g, Olokemeji (Dudgeon), 1 Z ;

Ucanva, White Nile, Gondokoro (Reynes-Cole),6 3,1 92;

Br. E. Arnica, Ahoos (Betton), 2 g, Shukalis (Betton), 12.

Exp. 18-20 mm.

Macroplectra albescens, sp. 0.

dé. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale rufous mixed with

whitish, the last with indistinct whitish bands. Fore wing

whitish tinged with rufous, especially on basal and costal

areas, and irrorated with some fuscous; faint dark streaks

below base of costa and cell; an indistinct diffused fuscous

streak in end of cell; an oblique diffused fuscous line from

beyond upper angle of cell to inner margin before middle,

interrupted at lower angle of cell and somewhat waved to-

wards inner margin; an oblique diffused fuscous line from

costa just before apex to above inner margin, slightly

incurved at discal fold; a faint subterminal fuscous shade

from below apex to submedian fold ; a terminal series of

blackish points. Hind wing silky ochreous white; a slight

brownish terminal line. Underside of fore wing suffused

with brown, the costa yellow, the inner area whitish.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Athi-ya-Mawe (Betton), 5 g type,

Machakos (etton), 1 g, Kikuyu (Crawshay), 1 2, Kili-

makin (Crawshay),1 g. Exp. 20 mm.

Paraphanta biumbrata, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish ochreous irrorated

with black; antennze pale ochreous. Fore wing ochreous

thickly irrorated with black-brown, the basal half suffused

with rufous; a white medial line slightly excurved from

costa to median nervure, then straight, closely followed by

an oblique straight ochreous postmedial line ; subterminal

line rather diffused ochreous, excurved below costa and

slightly incurved at middle, with lunulate patches of black

suffusion before it below costa and middle ; a terminal series

of faint blackish spots; cilia with a fine black line near tips.

Hind wing ochreous irrorated and suffused with black-brown ;

cilia with a faint black line near tips.

Hab. Natat, Durban (Gooch, Leigh), 2g type. Exp.

18 mm.

Allied to P. fimbriata, Karsch.

Zinara recurvata, sp. ni.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown slightly mixed

with grey. Fore wing reddish brown mixed with grey and

138 Sir G. F. Hampson on

with slight dark irroration, the inner half of basal area

chocolate-brown ; a faint straight whitish shade from costa

beyond middle to vein 2, then forming a white line curved up-

wards to cell and inwards to inner margin before middle; a

diffused incurved dark line from apex to termen at vein 4,

defined on outer side by whitish. Hind wing glossy red-

brown with faint grey and dark irroration.

Hab. Goin Coast, Ajinah (Dudgeon), 1 go type. Lup.

22 mm.

Thosea albiviata, sp. 0.

3. Head and thorax rufous slightly mixed with whitish ;

abdomen rufous with faint dorsal whitish segmental lines.

Fore wing rufous with rather diffused b!ack-brown oblique

line defined on each side by whitish suffusion from below

apex to middle of inner margin ; cilia whitish at tips. Hind

wing rufous, pale yellowish towards base; cilia whitish at

tips; the underside yellowish, the costal and terminal areas

broadly suffused with rufous.

Hab. Care Cotony, Kowie R. (Dr. Becker), 2 g type.

Lep. 28 mm.

Thosea albilineata, sp. nu.

Antenne of male simple and laminate.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale rufous. Fore wing

pale rufous rather sparsely irrorated with fuscous; an

oblique whitish line from just below costa well beyond

middle to middle of inner margin, defined on inner side by

fuscous suffusion ; a rather broad, slightly curved, whitish

subterminal line. Hind wing pale rufous.

Hab, Maswonatanp, Umtali (Marshall),1 3 type. Exp.

26 mm.

Natada chrysaspis, sp. n.

3. Head and tegule orange, the thorax ochreous yellow ;

palpi blackish at sides ; antenne with the branches fulvous ;

tibia at extremities and tarsi rmged with black; abdomen

orange with fulvous dorsal bands. Fore wing silky fulvous

yellow ; two slight obliquely placed blackish discoidal spots ;

a terminal series of black points from apex to vein 2. Hind

wing silky fulvous yellow with short diffused blackish

streaks in the interspaces of terminal area from apex to

vein 2. Underside of fore wing with the interspaces beyond

the cell suffused with fuscous except towards costa and

tornus ; hind wing wholly fulvous yellow.

A ee

new African Moths. 139

@. Abdomen and fore wing thickly irrorated with brown

and black; hind wing suffused with black-brown except

inner area ; the underside irrorated with brown and black

except inner area of hind wing.

Ab. 1. d. Hind wing suffused with black-brown except

the basal and inner areas and cilia.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Covke), 4 ¢ type, Piet Retief

(Crawshay), 2 g ; Carn Coxtony, Glen Lynden (Mrs, Lep-

pan), 1 9. Hwp. 26-30 mm.

Miresa coccinea, sp. n.

Antenne of male bipectinate with short branches to apex,

of female simple; hind tibize with two pairs of spurs.

é@. Head, thorax, and abdomen bright crimson ; antennze

with the branches pale brownish. Fore wing bright crimson ;

a greyish-fuscous antemedial line, almost obsolete towards

costa, excurved to median nervure, then oblique, connected

in cell with a large medial annulate mark, incomplete above

and extending from below costa to lower angle of cell,

emitting streaks above vein 5 and below 2 almost to termen.

Hind wing bright crimson.

Hab. 8. Nigeria, Akassa (Lugard), 1 g type. Lup.

28 mm.

Miresa hematoessa, sp. 0.

Head, thorax, and abdomen bright crimson, the patagia

tinged with greyish fuscous; anteunze of male with the

branches brownish. Fore wing bright crimson; greyish-

fuscous streaks below costa and mediau nervure from base to

the narrow antemedial band which is excurved to median

nervure, then oblique, connected in cell with a large medial

annulus extending from costa to lower angle of cell and

emitting streaks above vein 5 and below vein 2 extending

more or less towards termen and an oblique bar from lower

angle of cell to vein 1. Hind wing bright crimson.

Ab. 1. 2 . Head, thorax, and fore wing ochreous yellow.

Hab, Masunonatann (Dobbie), 1 go; Gazarann, Mt.

Chirinda (Marshall), 1 ?; TRansvaat, White R. (Cvoke),

1 ¢ type. LEzp., g 26, 2 34-38 mm.

Miresa strigivena, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white. Fore

wing pale ochreous ; a faint white band from costa beyond

middle, excurved below costa, then oblique to middle of

inver margin; very slight black postmedial streaks on veins

140 On new African Moths.

9to5. Hind wing silky white; the underside with the

costa tinged with ochreous.

Hab. 8. Nicerta, Lagos (Strahan), 1 ¢ type. Lap.

34 mm.

Contheyla argyrolepia, sp. n.

Fore wing with vein 10 stalked with 7, 8, 9.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow suffused with

rufous and irrorated with some black and silvery scales ;

palpi, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen deep

rufous. Fore wing pale yellow tinged with rufous and

irrorated with some black and silvery scales especially in the

cilia, the costa rufous ; diffused, obliquely placed, small rufous

spots below bases of veins 4, 3, 2; a slight diffused curved

rufous line from costa beyond middle to vein 3 near termen ;

a fuscous subterminal shade from costa to vein 3; a fuscous

terminal line irrorated with silvery scales from apex to vein 4

followed by striz to tornus; cilia yellow at base, black at

tips, and irrorated with silver scales. Hind wing yellow

tinged with rufous, the cilia with some black scales at tips.

Hab. Goiv Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 g type. Hap.

26 mm.

Susica molybdea, sp. n.

Antenne of male with short uniseriate Jaminate branches.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish tinged with

rufous and glossed with silvery grey, the patagia darker at

tips; palpi and fore legs browner. Fore wing red-brown

strongly glossed with silvery grey, especially on medial area

where the silvery suffusion has an oblique outer edge

arising from costa near apex, and irrorated with a few black

scales ; a faint dark discoidal spot ; an indistinct oblique

sinuous dark line from lower angle of cell to inner margin ;

a faint brown subterminal line, excurved above and below

middle. Hind wing pale red-brown with a greyish gloss.

Hab. Sierra Leone, Port Lokko (Penny), 1 6; Gop

Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 g type. Hap. 38-44 mm.

Allied to S. cinerea, Holl.

Somara viridicosta, sp. 0.

Head and thorax bright apple-green ; palpi, lower part of

frons, sides of head, antennz, a dorsal fascia on thorax,

outer edge of patagia, pectus, and legs deep rufous ; abdomen

yellow, a dorsal fascia, the extremity and ventral surface

rufous. Fore wing rufous; a bright apple-green fascia on

costal area to postmedial line leaving the costal edge rufous ;

Bibliographical Notices. 141

postmedial line deep rufous, very oblique, straight, defined

on inner side by an apple-green band, expanding in and

below the cell and above inner margin. Hind wing golden

yellow with the terminal area rufous, broad at costa and

narrowing to tornus. Underside of fore wing rufous, with

some yellow below and just beyond the cell.

Hab. W. Arnica (Dudgeon), 1 ¢ type; Ucanpa, Entebbe

(Minchin), 1 9; Masnonavann (Dobbie), 1 3. Exp., 840,

9 50 mm.

Somara flavicosta, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax golden yellow, the sides of head

deep rufous; antenne chocolate-brown; legs fringed with

chocolate-brown hair; abdomen golden yellow tinged with

rufous at extremity. Fore wing deep rufous slightly irrorated

with hairy yellow scales to the postmedial line, the terminal

area paler rufous ; a broad golden-yellow costal fascia to the

postmedial line, on the inner side of which it forms a band

extending to vein 6, then slight spots to vein 4; postmedial

line deep rufous, excurved to vein 6, then oblique and

slightly sinuous; cilia deep rufous. Hind wing golden

yellow. Underside of both wings golden yellow.

Hab. W. Arrica (Richardson), 1 3 type. Ezxp.50 mm.

[To be continued. }

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

The South African Journal of Science, being the Organ of the South

African Association for the Advancement of Science. Vol. VI.

No. 6. April 1910. Cape Town. Price 1s.

Tus number contains several short papers of considerable interest,

chiefly, of course, relative to South Africa. Among them is one

by Prof. E. H. L. Schwartz, on the Bearing of Recent Theories on

the Nature of the Earth’s Interior upon the Question of Deep

Mining ; but the two papers which will appeal most to the general

reader are perhaps those by Rev. Father Norton, on Bushmen and

their Relics near Modderpoort ; and on the Early Geography of

South Africa, and its Bearing on Bantu Ethnography. The first

paper is illustrated by two plates reproducing native drawings: one,

in brown and white, appears to represent elands ; and the other, in

which the figures are black, repesents cattle and other animals, and

a considerable number of natives in different positions. These are

not very dissimilar to reproductions of Lappish drawings which we

have seen.

The second paper discusses the movements of natives, as indicated

by the maps of Thompson and Steedman, published in 1827 and

1835 respectively.

142 Bibliographical Notices.

Cataloyue of British Hymenoptera of the Family Chalcididw, By

Craupe Morty, F.Z.S., F.E.S. Printed by Order of the Trustees

of the British Museum. 8vo. Pp. 74.

Hiruerro the British Hymenoptera, except only the Aculeata, have

been greatly neglected, for though much work has been done of

late years in this direction, yet it has been chiefly due to the

labours of three entomologists—Marshall, Cameron, and Morley.

Yet the Order is by far the largest of the seven great Orders of

Insects, for the Coleoptera and Diptera are only estimated at

approximately 3000 British species each, the Lepidoptera at

2000, the Hemiptera at 900, the Neuroptera at 640, and the

Orthoptera at only 60; whereas the Hymenoptera, though our

estimate is based on very incomplete lists, number upwards of

4830 British species.

A large proportion of these species are, however, of very small

dimensions, the Mymaride, or Fairy Flies, belonging to the

Proctotrupide, being the smallest insects known ; some of these at

least are parasitic on the eggs of other insects.

Many of the Chalcidide, too, are very small, but they are the most

numerous of the main groups of the Hymenoptera, and Mr. Morley

enumerates 148 genera and 1424 species as occurring in Britain.

They are almost exclusively parasitic, and, like other parasitic

Hymenoptera, must do an immense work in the world by keeping

down the numbers of injurious insects.

Mr. Morley’s work does not profess to be a critical revision of

these insects, but such a preliminary work was absolutely necessary

before anything could be done to facilitate the study of this

extensive and much neglected family. We regret, however, that a

short bibliography should not have been added, especially as the ©

descriptions of the principal English writer on the Family, Francis

Walker, are scattered broadcast over many periodicals and separate

publications : the ‘ Entomological Magazine,’ ‘ Entomologist,’ ‘Trans-

actions of the Entomological Society,’ ‘Annals and Magazine

of Natural History, ‘ Monographia Chalciditum,’ ‘ List of Chal-

cidide in the British Museum,’ ‘Notes on Chalcidia, &c. This

is further complicated by the circumstance that the ‘Monographia

Chalciditum’ is not a separate work, but only a continuation,

comprising the genera not previously monographed in the ‘ Entomo-

logical Magazine.’ The difficulty of obtaining these rare works and

periodicals out of London is likely long to prove a serious impedi-

ment to the effective study of this Family.

Mr. Morley’s work may be regarded as a continuation of the series

of Catalogues of British Insects published by the Entomological

Society of London some years ago, and is uniform with them.

Geological Society. 143

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

April 27th, 1910.—Prof. W. W. Watts, Sc.D., M.Se., F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communications were read :—

1, ‘On the Evolution of Zaphrentis delanouei in Lower Carboni-

ferous Times,’ By Robert George Carruthers, F.G.S.

The small simple corals that belong to the gens of Zaphrentis

delanouei are of common occurrence in the Lower Carboniferous

rocks of Scotland. Their distribution is remarkably sporadic, but

it is possible to collect over wide areas of which the stratigraphy

is definitely known. A large number of specimens have been got

together (some twelve hundred in all), from horizons scattered

throughout the sequence. The ontogeny of these specimens has

been investigated by means of serial transverse sections.

The evolutionary changes observed are confined to the disposition

of the septa, which has influenced the shape of the cardinal fossula

ina very marked manner. The external characters, and the spacing

and curvature of both septa and tabula, remain unchanged.

Zaphrentis delanouei is, typically, a Tournaisian species, and it

has a wide fossula, expanded inwardly. When the gens first appears

in the Scottish rocks (in the Cementstone Group of Liddesdale)

Z. delanovei is the predominant form, but is associated with a

mutation (in Waagen’s sense) in which the fossula is parallel-sided.

In the higher limestones of Lawston Linn, another mutation

appears, which, for reasons detailed in the paper, is regarded as a

sport, or offshoot from the direct line of evolution.

In the succeeding Lower Limestone Group the gens undergoes

further modification. Adults of the two Cementstone species are

extremely rare, and the predominant form has a fossula which

narrows rapidly to the inner end; in subordinate association a

further mutation is also developed, in which the septa are short

and amplexoid.

In the still higher horizons of the Upper Limestone Group, the

last-mentioned mutation becomes predominant, and persists up to

the Millstone Grit, where the septa become more amplexoid.

All these mutations, in neanic life, have characters seen in adults

of the preceding form; tachygenesis is so marked that earlier

ancestral traits are rarely seen.

Mutational percentages are given for many localities in the

Carboniferous Limestone Series of the Central Valley, together with

an analysis of the data so obtained.

Brief diagnoses of the four new species are appended to the paper,

together with full locality-lists.

144 Geological Society.

2. ‘The Carboniferous Limestone South of the Craven Fault

(Grassington -Hellifield District)’ By Albert Wilmore, B.Sc.,

F.G.S.

As to the lithology of the beds, some are massive coarsely-

stratified limestones, made up largely of crinoids, or corals, or

shells (or mixtures of these); others are well-bedded, almost flaggy,

black limestones made up of finely comminuted matter, with

abundant foraminifera. There is every gradation between these

extreme types. Variation in lithological character is lateral as

well as vertical.

The strata are much disturbed everywhere. A series of folds

strike roughly north-east and south-west, and are somewhat

complex. ‘There is considerable repetition of beds, and thickness

is not so great as at first appears. This bears on the interesting

question of the comparison of beds north and south of the Craven

Fault.

The well-known knolls (‘reef-knolls’) are discussed. Their

beds and those in the immediate neighbourhood are much disturbed.

Irregular coarse bedding, folding, and normal long-continued

weathering will explain most of their structural and other pecu-

liarities. A typical knoll is dissected (Swinden); and it is seen

to consist of folded, faulted, grey, coarsely-bedded limestone, with

numerous great joints and much evidence of internal ‘ weathering.’

Comparison of these knolls is drawn with the corresponding hills

in the dark well-bedded limestones.

It is not easy to work out the exact zonal sequence, because of

the disturbed character of the strata and the prevalence of glacial

and fluvio-glacial drifts. The strata are apparently all Viséan (and

the Author does not think that there is anything lower than Middle

or Upper §$).

In some beds, and under some circumstances, fossils are exceed-

ingly plentiful and easily procured.

Some corals receive more especial notice, such as Caninia

gigantea, Mich., which is distinctive of certain beds. Other species

of Caninia are found. New or not well-known species of Zaphrentis

are described. ‘he Author briefly discusses the relationships of

the genera Caninia, Campophyllum, Calophyllum, Zaphrentis, and

Amplexus. New(?) species of Lophophyllum are also described,

and the generic characters of Lophophyllum are discussed. There is

a remarkably localized distribution of some corals, and Syringopora

is very common in certain of the beds.

Suggestions are made as to the advisability of the disuse of some

of the specific names. It is suggested that: not more than four

species of Carboniferous Syringopora need be retained,

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES. }

No, 32. AUGUST 1910.

XV.—Descriptions of new African Moths.

By Sir Georce F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.S., &c.

[Concluded from p. 141.]

Somara albicosta, sp. n.

¢. Head deep chocolate-brown, with a whitish patch on

vertex ; thorax chestnut-brown, the shoulders white ; abdo-

men yellow suffused with rufous ; pectus, legs, and ventral

surface of abdomen chocolate-brown. Fore wing chestnut-

brown to postmedial line, the costal area pure white to

beyond middle, diffused into cell and leaving the costal edge

brown, the terminal area whitish suffused and irrorated with

rufous ; the postmedial line defining the dark area, slightly

incurved below vein 6. Hind wing yellow suffused with

rufous, especially on the costal area, veins, and cilia.

? . Fore wing with the postmedial line straight and oblique.

Ab. 1. Thorax and fore wing much brighter rufous.— Kili-

ma’njaro.

Hab. Br. E,. Arrica, Kilima’njaro (Hannington), 1 2;

MasHoNnaLanD, Salisbury (Marshall), 1 9; Nara, Durban

(Quekett, Leigh),4 3,1 2 type. Hep. 46 mm.

Allied to 8S. canescens, Wik., which has no yellow on the

hind wings.

Ann, & Maq. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 10

146 Sir G. F. Hampson on

Somara albilinea, sp. n.

@. Head chocolate-brown ; antenne black-brown ; thorax

and abdomen bright rufous with a silky gloss; pectus, legs,

and ventral surface of abdomen chocolate-brown. Fore wing

whitish thickly irrorated and suffused with bright rufous, the

costal half somewhat whiter to postmedial line, which is

white, oblique, and slightly incurved. Hind wing rufous.

Hab. Asnanti, Obuassi (Bergman), 1 3 type. Lap.

42 mm.

Allied to S. canescens, Wik., which has the postmedial line

of fore wing not incurved.

Parasa mesochloris, sp. n.

¢@. Head and thorax bright apple-greén, rufous at sides ;

palpi, frons, antennz, pectus, and legs deep rufous, some

yellow below base of wings; abdomen yellow, dorsally

suffused with rufous except at base, where there is a patch

of green, the ventral surface deep rufous. Fore wing deep

rufous ; a bright apple-green medial band edged by dark

rufous lines, rounded above and not quite touching costa, its

inner edge oblique, its outer edge excurved to vein 6, then

incurved, and again excurved below vein 3. Hind wing pale

yellow, the termina! area tinged with rufous, the cilia rufous ;

the underside with the costa and terminal area suffused with

rufous.

Hab. Gouin Coast (Hales), 1 g, Kumasi (Whiteside),

1 g type. Hap. 32 mm.

Nearest to P. infuscata, Wichgr.

Parasa microbasis, sp. 2.

gd. Head and thorax bright apple-green, the palpi, lower

part of frons, pectus, and legs bright rufous; abdomen

yellow slightly tinged with rufous. Fore wing bright apple-

green; a small tuft of yellowish-rufous hair at base of cell

connected with an elliptical subbasal spot just below the cell

defined by black; a terminal yellowish-rufous band, its

inner edge defined by a deep rufous line, incurved below

costa and strongly at middle, the termen with some darker

suffusion except towards tornus. Hind wing pale yellow

with a faint rufous tinge. Underside of both wings yellow

tinged with rufous, the costal areas rufous.

Hab. N. Nicerta, Pangema (Anderson), 1 g type. Exp.

56 mm.

new African Moths. 147

Cenolasis postflavida, sp. n.

Head and thorax blue-green ; palpi orange, black at sides

towards base; lower part of frons, antenne, and tips of

patagia orange; pectus, legs, and abdomen orange-yellow,

the fore tibiz banded green and black, the tarsi black at

extremities. Fore wing blue-green, the costal edge orange-

yellow ; cilia with series of small black spots at base and

yellowish tips. Hind wing pale yellow, the termen very

slightly tinged with green; cilia with series of small black

spots.

Hab. Suvan, White Nile (Dunn), 1 3; Br. E. Arrica,

Kanisa (Betton), 1 9 type. Hup., 3 24, 2 28 mm.

Near C. argentea, Auriv., which has the hind wing pale

green.

Monema leucosticta, sp. n.

Antenne of male bipectinate with moderate branches to

apex.

"3 . Head, thorax, and abdomen very dark red-brown with

a blackish gloss. Fore wing deep rufous glossed with grey

and blackish and slightly irrorated with silvery scales, the

costa and veins more rufous; a white discoidal point defined

by black ; a faint obliquely curved rufous line from apex to

inner margin beyond middle. Hind wing pale rufous.

Hab. Gov Coast, Ashanti, Obuassi (Bergman), 1 g type.

Exp, 28 mm.

Apluda schaliphlebia, sp. n.

_ 9. Head and thorax pure white ; palpi, frons, antenna,

and sides of thorax chocolate brown ; pectus, legs, and abdo-

men yellow tinged with red-brown, the last white above at

base. Fore wing silvery white ; a chocolate-brown fascia on

costa from base to end of cell, where it is bent downwards

and emits slight streaks on veins 7, 8 to termen ; a fascia on

basal half of vein 1, at middle of which it is bent upwards to

lower angle of cell, where it is connected by a discoidal bar

with the costal fascia and by slight streaks on veins 4, 5,

with an oblique band from termen below apex to inner

margin beyond middle; the costal edge towards apex and a

terminal line chocolate-brown.

Hab. Ucanna, Toro (Christy), 1 2 type. Exp. 32 mm.

Near A. invitabilis, W\l\grn,

10*

148 Sir G. F. Hampson on

Apluda syngrapha, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax white, the antennz and thorax at

sides and behind fulvous orange ; palpi and frons yellow, the

former with some black at sides; pectus and legs yellow, the

tibiz fringed with some spatulate black scales; abdomen

golden yellow, white towards base. Fore wing white; the

costa yellow to beyond middle, then the costal edge red-

brown; a red-brown streak on inner margin to the post-

medial line ; a narrow red-brown band from upper angle of

cell, slightly incurved below the lower angle and connected at

upper angle by an oblique streak and at lower angle by a

short streak with the postmedial band which arises near apex,

is excurved below costa, then incurved ; a subterminal red-

brown band between veins 5 and 2. Hind wing white.

Hab. Gotv Coast, Kumasi ( Whiteside), 1 3 type. Lap.

24 mm.

Near A. similis, Dist.

Apluda monogramma, sp. 0.

@. Head and thorax white ; frons and antenne yellow ;

palpi, pectus, and legs yellow mixed with red-brown ; abdo-

men yellow dorsally, white towards base. Fore wing silvery

white; a few red-brown scales above vein 1 before middle ;

a postmedial rather maculate red-brown bar from vein 3 to

inner margin ; a small red-brown spot on costa before apex.

Hind wing silvery white. Underside of fore wing with the

costa suffused with red-brown. ;

Hab. Br. E. Arnica, Kibauni (Crawshay), 1g type. Eup.

24 mm.

Altha rubrifusalis, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax fulvous red irrorated with silvery

scales ; the mid tarsi at tips and the hind legs pale yellow,

the latter with the tibiz tinged with fulvous ; abdomen pale

yellow, dorsally tinged with fulvous except towards extremity.

Fore wing with the basal half fulvous red, the base and costa

strongly irrorated with silvery scales and some silver scales

in end of cell; a deeper fulvous discoidal bar; the terminal

half pale yellow, with curved postmedial series of black-

brown points interrupted between veins 3 and 2. Hind wing

pale yellow, the basal area tinged with pale fulvous red.

Hab. Sierra Leone (Bartlett), 1 g ; Gop Coast (Hales),

1 g; S. Niceria, Asaba (Crosse), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 28 mm.

Near A. ansorgei, B.-Baker.

new Afiican Moths. 149

Gavara camptogramma, sp. 0.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white slightly tinged with

ochreous and mixed with brown; palpi brownish; fore legs

brownish, the tarsi slightly ringed with white. Fore wing

white suffused and irrorated with brown; a small blackish

spot in middle of cell and rather diffused line from cell to

inner margin, slightly defined on outer side by whitish ; a

black point at lower angle of cell; postmedial line white

defined on inner side by brown suffusion, excurved at vein 6

and to termen at veins 3, 2, then retracted and oblique to

inner margin ; a fine dark terminal line from apex to vein 3.

Hind wing silky white slightly irrorated with brown; the

underside with brown terminal line.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica, Machakos (Crawshay), 1 ¢ type.

Ezp. 20 mm.

Near G. velutina, W\k.

Zygenida.

Staphylinochrous melanoleuca, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax red-brown; antenne black-brown ;

abdomen blackish brown ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface

of abdomen brownish ochreous. Fore wing with the base,

costal area, and terminal half black-brown, the rest of wing

semihyaline white, the outer edge of the white area oblique

and bent outwards at median nervure. Hind wing semi-

hyaline ochreous white.

Hab. Ucanna, Entebbe (Minchin), 1 g type. zp.

34 mm.

ZEgeriade.

Melittia chalconota, sp. n.

2. Head glossy grey-brown ; antennz black; palpi white

and black ; thorax golden brown ; pectus and fore and mid

legs white and black, the hind legs black, with tufts of white

and rufous hair; abdomen black, with yellowish-white

segmental lines, the ventral surface white with some fuscous,

Fore wing black-brown irrorated with reddish-yellow scales

and with white scales on terminal area; a hyaline streak

below the cell, a wedge-shaped patch in the cell bifid at

extremity, and asmall patch beyond the cell formed by three

or four short streaks in the interspaces. Hind wing hyaline,

the veins and margins narrowly black, the lobe on inner

margiu black suffused with grey hairs, the cilia brown.

150 Sir G. F. Hampson on

Hab. Gov Coast, Ashanti, Obuassi (Pergman, Graham),

2 9; S. Nicerta, Lagos (Graham), 1 2 type. Lap. 26-

36 mm.

Melittia rufodorsa, sp. n.

¢. Head brown mixed with whitish ; palpi white ; antennz

black, the club reddish below; thorax red-brown, the

shoulders fuscous ; legs clothed with tufts of black-brown,

rufous, and white hair; abdomen black-brown with yellowish-

white segmental lines, the ventral surface white. Fore wing

black-brown irrorated with golden-yellow scales, especially

on terminal area; a hyaline yellow streak below the cell,

wedge-shaped patch in the cell, slightly bifid at extremity,

and large patch beyoud the cell formed by five streaks in the

interspace, the streak above base of veins 6, 7 short. Hind

wing hyaline yeliow, the veins and margins narrowly black-

brown, the lobe on inner margin black-brown irrorated with

yellow, the cilia brown.

Hab, Care Cotony, 1 g type. Exp. 32 mm.

Tinthia vitrifasciata, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown mixed with

some white and red-brown, the last with more or less diffused

yellowish-white dorsal bands except towards base; palpi

white except at tips; frons white at sides; throat white ;

coxe and femora mostly white, the tibiz and tarsi with tufts

of rufous and black hair, the tarsi banded with white; ven-

tral surface of abdomen white except at extremity. Fore

wing reddish and fuscous brown irrorated with white, espe-

cially in end of cell and on terminal area; a large black

annulus beyond the discocellulars, more or less incomplete

above and below and filled in with rufous ; a diffused black

subterminal line. Hind wing black-brown slightly irrorated

with white, the cell and the interspaces below it to near

termen hyaline.

Hab, MasnonaranpD, Umtali (Marshall), 3 ¢ type. Hap.

20-24 mm.

Tinthia zanthophora, sp. n.

Hind wing with vein 3 separate from both 2 and 4, 6 from

well below upper angle of cell.

g. Head, thorax, and abdomen black; neck with white

ring ; abdomen with more or less white on dorsum of medial

segments and on anal tuft above ; palpi white in front and

new African Moths, * 151

behind ; frons white at sides; throat and fore cox white ;

tibiz and tarsi banded with white ; ventral surface of abdo-

men with medial white band. Fore wing black; diffused

yellow streaks below base of costa and cell; a wedge-shaped

patch in end of cell and patch beyond the ce)l, leaving a round

black discoidal spot between them. Hind wing hyaline, the

veins and margins black-brown; an oblique black bar on

upper discocellular,

Hab. Nava, Malvern (Barker), 1 3 type, Estcourt (Hut-

chinson), 1 3; Cave Corony, Grahamstown (Miss M. Daly),

1g. ep. 18 mm.

Tinthia endopyra, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen blue-black ; palpi with

some scarlet at base and towards extremity ; vertex of head

with some scarlet hairs ; dorsum of thorax and upper edge

of patagia with slight scarlet streaks; fore cox scarlet at

sides, the mid and hind tibiz banded with scarlet ; abdomen

with slight scarlet patch at base of dorsum, the anal tuft with

whitish and scarlet streak, the ventral surface banded with

scarlet. Fore wing dark cupreous brown; a scarlet fascia

above inner margin from near base to below end of cell; a

round scarlet discoidal spot. Hind wing hyaline, the veins

and margins cupreous brown.

Hab, Navau,1 ¢ type. Exp. 18 mm.

Lepidopoda albifrons, sp. n.

d. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, with a metallic-

blue gloss, the last with white line on fifth segment; palpi

white in front except third joint; frons white; fore cox

white; mid tibiz with broad white band, the hind tibize with

large tuft of blue-black hair with white spot on it, the tarsi

whitish below ringed with black ; abdomen white ventrally,

with some black at base of first two segments. Fore wing

black, with a metallic-blue gloss; a slight hyaline streak

below base of cell; a wedge-shaped hyaline patch in end of

cell ; the interspaces beyond the cell with byaline streaks ;

the inner edge of the broad terminal band minutely dentate

in the interspaces. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and margins

black; a black bar on upper discocellular ; the inner area

black, with a silvery-blue gloss; the hair at base of inner

margin white ; the terminal band narrow, with very slightly

waved inner edge ; cilia brownish.

9. Mid and hind legs much less strongly tufted with hair

132 «C* Sir G. F. Hampson on

and with white bands at middle and extremity; abdomen

with some white on anal tuft above, the ventral surface

brownish ; wings hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly

black ; fore wing with broad discoidal bar, the terminal band

narrow, its inner edge slightly waved.

Hab. Goxrp Coast, Ashanti, Obuassi (Graham), 1 g,2 2

type. Ezp. go 18, 2 20-22 mm.

Lepidopoda auripes, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown mixed with

yellow ; palpi yellow, with some black at sides and extre-

mity ; frons white at sides; neck with yellow ring, the

shoulders with yellow streaks ; fore coxe white, with dark

streaks, the tibie and tarsi banded with yellow; abdomen

with yellow bands and the anal tuft yellow. Fore wing

hyaline, the veins and margins dark cupreous brown, a dark

discoidal bar connected with the dark costal and inner

margins. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and margins nar-

rowly dark cupreous brown, a dark bar on upper disco-

cellular.

Hab. Goup Coast, Ashanti, Obuassi (Graham), 2 ¢ type.

Exp. 20-22 mm,

Macrotarsipus sexualis, sp. n.

Antenne of male of normal length, with minute fascicles

of cilia and dilated at extremity, of female longer and almost

simple; hind wing with veins 3, 4 shortly stalked.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen black ; neck with yellow

ring; patagia with yellow streak on upper edge; abdomen

with yellow rings on fifth and two terminal segments; palpi

yellow in front; frons white at sides; some yellow below

base of wings ; fore coxz with yellow streaks, the tarsi white

above ; mid tibie with yellow bands at middle and tips;

hind legs with the spurs and the first joint of tarsus below

white. Fore wing hyaline, the veins and margins black-

brown ; some yellow scales at base; the discoidal bar with

some yellow scales on its outer edge; the terminal band

expanding widely on apical area and irrorated with yellowish

scales. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly

black-brown ; a black bar on upper discocellular,

@. Palpi in front and behind and antenne below fiery

red; patagia with fiery red streak on upper edge, the meta-

thorax with red bar ; abdomen with fiery red bands on first

two and last two segments and yellow band on fifth segment,

new African Moths. 153

the anal tuft fiery red at tip; pectus and legs with the

markings fiery red; fore wing with fiery red at base and on

outer side of the discoidal bar, the terminal band suffused

with fiery red.

Hab. S. Nigeria, Lagos (Strachan), 1 3, 2 2 type.

Exp., 3 22, 2 26 mm.

Larva. Bores in Ipomea, the cocoon appearing half out

of the burrow with the pupa projecting from it when the

moth emerges.

Macrotarsipus flammipes, sp. 0.

Hind wing with veins 3, 4 stalked, 6 from below upper

angle of cell; hind tarsi very long, the last four joints

fringed with scales above in male, naked in female.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, with a metallic-

blue gloss; palpi orange-red, with a few black scales above

towards extremity; frons white at sides; antennz orange

above; neck orange ; tegule edged with orange-red ; patagia

with orange-red streaks above ; shoulders and pectus in front

orange-red; legs orange-red, the fore femora at extremity,

the mid and hind femora and base of tibiz and the hind tarsi

above with some blue-black; abdomen orange-red below.

Fore wing hyaline, the veins and margins metallic blue-

black; a blue-black discoidal bar conjoined to the dark

costal area; the inner edge of the terminal band slightly

waved. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly

black, some yellow hair on inner margin.

9. Antenne black, whitish above towards extremity ;

thorax scarlet, with blue-black patch on dorsum; abdomen

scarlet, the dorsum blue-black except at base with scarlet

segmental lines, a slight metallic-blue streak on dorsum of

basal segment, the fourth segment with ventral black band;

both wings with the inner area scarlet at base; fore wing

with the terminal band broad and irrorated with yellow

scales.

Hab, Ucanna, Entebbe (Minchin), 1 g,1¢ type. Exzp.,

3 30, ¢ 24 mm.

Sciapteron pyrocraspis, sp. 0.

Antenne of male strongly fasciculate.

¢. Head and thorax dark brown mixed with some greyish ;

palpi white mixed with ochreous and with some black at side

of second joint ; frons ochreous tinged with fiery red, white

at sides and the gule white; antenne with the shaft scarlet

154 Sir G. F. Hampson on

above; neck with ochreous ring; legs streaked with ochreous

tinged with rufous ; abdomen black-brown with ochreous-

white rings and band on fifth and two terminal segments,

the ventral surface with some white and scarlet scales, the

anal tuft yellow at sides and below. Fore wing dark brown

irrorated with fiery red; a short red streak below base of

costa and slight streaks below subcostal and median nervures,

the inner margin fiery red to end of cell ; a hyaline streak

below the cell and wedge-shaped patch in cell; a black

discoidal lunule defined on outer side by fiery red ; a hyaline

patch beyond the cell between veins 9 and 3, with the veins

on it streaked with red. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and

margins brown; cilia of inner margin and at tornus yellow.

Hab. Care Cotony, Cape Town, Rondebosch (7. D.

Butler), 1 3 type. Exp. 28 mm.

Resembles S. doleriformis, Wlk., but with fasciculate

instead of unipectinate antenne.

Sciapteron pyrethra, sp. 0.

?. Head fiery orange-red; palpi with some black hair at

base ; frons brown, with whitish patch; antennz blackish

above towards tips, the basal joint blackish; thorax and

abdomen black-brown with a metallic silvery gloss; fore

femora at extremity, tibiz, and tarsi orange; mid legs

scarlet, the extremity of femora black; (hind legs wanting).

Fore wing fiery orange-red, with scarlet discoidal spot and

traces of hyaline streaks in the interspaces beyond it; the

base black with a metallic-silvery gloss; the costa irrorated

with black ; cilia cupreous black-brown. Hind wing hyaline,

the veins, costa, and termen fiery orange-red; vein le

streaked with blackish towards termen ; cilia cupreous

black-brown.

Hab. Care Corony, Grahamstown, 1 92 type. zp.

38 mm.

Allied to S, gracilis, Swinh., from Burma.

Sciapteron xanthosoma, sp. nu.

¢. Head rufous; palpi pale yellow in front ; frons grey-

brown; thorax glossy grey-brown, with some red on

shoulders; legs rufous and brown, the hind coxe whitish ;

abdomen golden-yellow, the base, dorsal and lateral stripes,

and extremity blue-black. Fore wing rufous mixed with

yellow and cupreous red. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and

margins reddish brown, the inner margin cupreous red.

new Ajrican Moths. 155

Hab. S. Ruopersta, Bulawayo (Marshall), 1 g type. Lxp.

30 mm.

Ichneumenoptera pedunculata, sp. n.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen black with a silvery-blue

gloss ; neck with a ring of white hair; palpi white in front ;

frons white at sides; fore coxz with yellow annulus on

inner side, the tibia with yellow streak, the spurs white;

abdomen strongly constricted at base and narrowing to

extremity, a ventral white band on fourth segment. Fore

wing hyaline, the veins and margins black with a silvery

gloss ; a discoidal bar conjoined to the dark costal area ; the

terminal band expanding at apex. Hind wing hyaline, the

veins and margins narrowly black, the cilia brownish,

Hab. Gouiv Coast, Ashanti, Obuassi (Graham), 1 ¢ type.

Exp. 16 mm.

Ichneumenoptera gracilis, sp. 0.

d. Head and thorax dark brown with a bluish-silvery

gloss; palpi yellow, black above; frons white at sides;

pectus yellow; legs brown, the extremity of tibize and the

tarsi ringed with yellow; abdomen constricted at middle,

dark brown with a bluish silvery gloss and yellow rings on

third and fifth, sixth, seventh segments, the anal tuft and

claspers very large with lateral white streaks. Fore wing

hyaline, the veins and margins black-brown with a cupreous

gloss; a prominent discoidal bar conjoined to the dark

costa; the terminal band broad. Hind wing hyaline, the

veins and margins narrowly black-brown with a cupreous

loss,

Hab. Cameroons (Rutherford), 1 3 type. Eup. 24 mm.

Ichneumenoptera flavipectus, sp. n.

d. Head, thorax, and abdomen black shot with metallic

blue ; neck with yellow ring ; patagia with yellow streaks on

edges ; metathorax with some yellow; palpi yellow, black

behind; frons white at sides ; pectus and legs yellow, the

mid tarsi above and the hind tibiz and tarsi blackish glossed

with blue, the hind tibiz ringed with yellow at middle and

extremity, the first joint of tarsus streaked with yellow;

abdomen slightly constricted at base and narrowing to the

very long anal tuft, each segment with yellow band, the

anal tuft with dorsal and lateral yellow streaks, the ventral

surface whitish at base and with whitish bands; wings

156 Sir G. F. Hampson on

hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black; fore wing

with some yellow scales at base below costa and above inner

margin, a narrow black discoidal bar conjoined to the dark

costa, the terminal band slightly expanding at apex ; hind

wing with the cilia brownish.

Hab. Gorv Coast, Ashanti, Obuassi (Graham), 1 g type.

Exp. 22 mm.

Aigeria monozona, sp. 0.

?. Head yellow tinged with fiery red, the vertex dark

brown; palpi white at base and with some blackish on third

joint ; thorax and abdomen dark brown mixed with yellow

and fiery red, the patagia with fiery-red streaks on upper

edge ; abdomen with red and yellow band on fifth segment,

fiery-red lateral tufts towards extremity, the anal tuft red at

extremity, the ventral surface with yellow bands tinged with

red ; fore cox white. Fore wing cupreous brown with the

costal edge fiery red; semihyaline whitish streaks in and

below the cell irrorated with brown ; a large brown discoidal

spot with four short hyaline streaks beyond it. Hind wing

hyaline, the veins and margins brown; an oblique blackish

discoidal striga; the termen and cilia cupreous brown mixed

with some yellow; the underside with the costa yellow

tinged with fiery red except at base.

Hab. Carze Cotony, Rondebosch, 2 2 type. Exp. 24mm.

Hepialide,

Dalaca fuscescens, sp. 0.

Antenne of male laminate.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown with a

greyish tinge. Fore wing fuscous brown with a greyish

tinge; two faint greyish spots on basal area below submedian

fold with a small blackish spot between them, followed by an

elliptical greyish spot above submedian fold; a greyish

postmedial band defined by shght whitish lines, its outer

edge oblique and slightly sinuous from apex to submedian

fold where it emits a spur towards tornus, its outer edge

incurved below costa, then oblique to vein 2 where it emits

a slight spur below the elliptical medial spot. Hind wing

fuscous brown with a greyish tinge.

Hab. Ornance R. Cotony, Bloemfontein (Eckersley), 2 3

type, Kroonstad (Eckersley), 1 g. Hap. 82-36 mm.

Allied to D. stictigrapha, Hmpsn.

new African Moths. 157

Dalaca rhodesiensis, sp. n.

é. Head and thorax fuscous brown; abdomen grey-

brown. Fore wing fuscous brown, the base of inner area

and the terminal area except at apex greyer; a faint whitish

fascia below base of cell to origin of vein 2 with a black

antemedial point on it and a slight curved antemedial mark

above inner margin ; an oblique whitish band faintly tinged

with brown and with very minutely waved edges from below

costa towards apex, towards which it expands somewhat to

submedian fold where it emits a slight spur towards tornus,

then bent upwards to the cell at origin of vein 2 and con-

fluent with the basal fascia. Hind wing grey-brown.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the markings almost pure white,

the fascia below the cell much wider and conjoined to the

mark above inner margin, the postmedial band expanding

more towards costa and with the spur extending to tornus.

9. Much paler grey-brown ; fore wing with the markings

much less distinct.

Hab, Masnonatanpd, Salisbury (Marshall), 13 3,3 2 type;

Gazatanp, Chirinda (Marshall), 2 8. Lkzxp., g 38-40,

9 50 mm.

Allied to D. stictigrapha, Hmpsn.

Dalaca goniophora, sp. u.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown. Fore

wing fuscous brown, the base of inner margin pale; a

narrow whitish fascia below base of cell with an antemedial

black point on it near its lower edge; an oblique whitish

postmedial band from vein 5 to submedian fold, then bent

upwards to the cell at origin of vein 2 and confluent with

the basal fascia, its outer edge with an indistinct oblique

dark line from it to apex. Hind wing fuscous brown.

Hab. Transvaar,Waterval-Onder,1 gtype. Hrp.32 mm.

Allied to D. stictigrapha, Hmpsn.

Dalaca tumidifascia, sp. n.

¢d. Head and thorax pale red-brown ; abdomen whitish

tinged with rufous. Fore wing pale red-brown, the inner

area whitish; a white spot below base of cell ; an oblique

silvery-white band from just below apex to submedian fold

in which it emits a spur to termen, its inner edge curved

inwards at middle, at submedian fold bent inwards with a

slight upward curve to before middle, its upper edge dilated

158 Sir G. F. Hampson on

into a rounded patch to the cell; a terminal series of faint

whitish spots. Hind wing silky white, the costa and termen

tinged with red-brown; the underside tinged with rufous.

Hab. Carr Corony, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 34 mm.

Allied to D. exul, H.-S.

Dalaca metaleuca, sp. 0.

gd. Head and thorax dull reddish brown; abdomen

whitish tinged with rufous. Fore wing pale reddish brown,

the base of inner area ochreous white ; an oblique silvery-

white band slightly defined by blackish from below apex to

submedian fold where it emits a spur to tornus, its edges

slightly waved and its inner edge expanding at middle, at

submedian fold curved upwards to the cell, then down to

vein 1 before middle where there is a black point on its

inner edge; a terminal series of small white spots. Hind

wing creamy white, the costa and cilia reddish brown ; the

underside slightly tinged with reddish brown.

Hab. Ponvorann, Uggeleni (Swinny), 1 S type; Nata,

Karkloof (Quekett),1 ¢. Lup. 32-36 mm.

Allied to D. exul, H.-S.

Dalaca furva, sp. 0.

gd. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous with a yellowish

tinge. Fore wing fulvous with a yellowish tinge; a faint

whitish streak below base of cell; a very indistinct slightly

paler oblique postmedial band faintly defined by dark lines

from below costa towards apex, towards which it expands,

to submedian fold, then bent upwards to the cell beyond the

basal streak ; cilia whitish at tips. Hind wing fulvous with

a yellowish tinge, the cilia whitish at tips.

Hab. Transvaau, White R. (Cooke), 1 g type. Hxp.30 mm.

Dalaca rufescens, sp. 0.

dg. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale rufous. Fore wing

pale rufous ; an oblique pale rufous band defined by minutely

waved silvery-white lines from well below costa towards

apex, towards which it expands to submedian fold where it is

bent inwards with a slight upward curve to before middle

and emitting a streak to base; a terminal series of slight

whitish lunules; cilia whitish at tips. Hind wing pale

rufous, the cilia white at tips.

9. Paler and greyer; fore wing with the band much less

distinct and expanding widely towards costa.

Ss =

new African Moths, 159

Hab. Transvaat, Rand, 1 ?; Orance R. Cotony, Beth-

lehem (Arnold), 1g; Narat, Howick (Cregoe), 2 g, Shafton

(Parkinson), 19. Exp., 8 34, 2 44-58 mm.

Dalaca leucocyma, sp. n.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish brown mixed with

some white. Fore wing yellowish brown; a white fascia

below costa to beyond middle with a small elongate spot

below its extremity at upper angle of cell; a wedge-shaped

white mark below base of cell with a small elongate mark

above its extremity in the cell; a white fascia on basal half

of inner margin with a slight streak above it on vein 1;

postmedial band silvery white, narrow, oblique from just

below apex to vein 2, its edges slightly waved and incurved

below vein 4, at vein 2 bent inwards with an upward curve

to above extremity of the wedge-shaped basal mark; a ter-

minal serics of white marks forming small spots towards

apex and short streaks between veins 5 and 2. Hind wing

whitish suffused with yellow-brown.

Hab. Care Conony, Deelfontein (Sloggett), 1 3 type.

Exp. 24 mm,

Allied to D. ibex, Wilgrn.

Dalaca albirivula, sp. n.

36. Head, thorax, and abdomen white slightly tinged with

yellow-brown ; antennz fulvous. Fore wing white faintly

tinged with yellow-brown with deeper yellow-brown in cell

and on each side of postmedial band; the costal edge dark

brown with a silvery-white fascia below it and slight white

streaks beyond upper angle of cell ; a narrow oblique silvery-

white postmedial band from just below apex to vein 2, its

edges slightly sinuous and incurved below vein 5, at vein 2

bent inwards along median nervure to base with an upward

curve into the cell, then straight towards base; the terminal

area with ill-defined white streaks in the interspaces between

veins 5 and 2. Hind wing creamy white, the apical area

tinged with yellow-brown. Underside of both wings suffused

with yellow-brown.

Hab, Orance R. Cotony, Bloemfontein ( Wilson), 1 g type.

Evp. 34 mm,

Allied to D. ibex, Wilgru.

Dalaca albistriata, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with yellow-

brown; antenne fulvous. lore wing fulvous yellow; a

160 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

silvery-white fascia below costa; a silvery-white fascia from

base along median nervure to middle of cell, then curved

upwards to apex towards which it becomes maculate ; a series

of silvery-white marks in interspaces of terminal area, reduced

to small spots towards apex and becoming elongate streaks

between veins 5 and 1, the streaks above veins 4 and 3 some-

times confluent with the white fascia. Hind wing fulvous

yellow.

Hab. Natat, Howick (Cregoe), 2 g type; Basuronanp,

Pithaneng Valley (Crawshay),1 g. Hap. 24 mm.

Allied to D. ibex, Wilgrn.

Dalaca hololeuca, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white slightly mixed with

brown; antenne fulvous; sides of frons and legs brown.

Fore wing white with a very faint ochreous-brown tinge, the

veins whiter, the costal edge brown. Hind wing white with

a very faint ochreous-brown tinge. Underside of both

wings suffused with pale brown.

Ab. 1. Fore and hind wings more strongly tinged with

brown.

Hab. Transvaau (Pead, Cholmley), 2 2; Nata, Estcourt

(Flutchinson), 2 g type; Oranaze R, Cotony, Bethlehem

(Arnold), 1 g. Ezp., g 34, 2? 34-40 mm.

XVI.—Descriptions and Records of Bees—XXXI.

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

Prosopis xanthaspis, sp. n.

2 Length about 7 mm.

Head and thorax black, abdomen black with a faint blue

tinge ; head entirely black, face finely striatulate, front and

vertex punctured ; flagellum dull ferruginous beneath ; meso-

thorax finely but distinctly punctured; tubercles broadly,

scutellum (except anterior margin), postscutellum, and some-

times axillar triangle all bright chrome-yellow, no other

yellow about the insect; legs black; area of metathorax

roughened basally. Wings clear, the recurrent nervures

meeting the transverso-cubitals, or nearly. Abdomen dull at

base, more shining beyond. Runs in table of Australian

Prosopis to 48, and runs out because of the lack of yellow

on pleura; if placed among the metallic species, runs to 14,

and runs out because the face is without light markings.

Records of Bees. 161

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner). British Museum.

T'wo are from flowers of Cassia, Dec. 1899. Four are

from ucalyptus flowers, also Dec. 1899. ‘Two were col-

lected March 1900.

Prosopis nubilosella, sp. n.

2 .—Length about 7 mm.

Superficially like P. canthaspis, with which I had confused

it, but easily distinguished by the following characters :—Face

not. entirely black, but with three minute yellow marks, a

narrow cuneiform one on clypeus, and a short line along each

orbital margin at sides of front. Wings considerably larger

and longer, with the apical field distinctly dusky ; second

submarginal cell considerably larger and longer, receiving

the recurrent nervures some distance from its base and apex.

Abdomen pure black, distinctly punctured, with the apical

part more hairy. In the table of Prosop/s it runs to 43 if the

minute face-markings are overlooked ; otherwise it runs to

P. nubilosa, Smith, to which it is evidently closely related,

differing in the smaller size, rounder head, larger punctures

of mesothorax, &c.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, May 1900 (Turner, 692).

British Museum.

Another was taken April 1899, at flowers of Xanthorrhea.

Prosopis nubilosa subnubilosa, Ckll.

This subspecies was described from the female. The male

is smaller (size and appearance of @ nubilosella), with a

narrower face, the clypeus creamy-white except a narrow

cuneiform black mark on each side, the scape with a white

mark in front, and the upper border of prothorax with a very

fine interrupted yellow line. This is nearly the same as

P. aureomaculata, Cll., differing by the absence of a supra-

clypeal mark and in the venation. The second submarginal

cell receives the recurrent nervures some distance from apex

and base.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, at flowers of Leptospermum,

Aug. 1900 (Turner). British Museum.

Prosopis bicuneata, sp. n.

2? .—Length nearly 6 mm.

Black, the abdomen faintly bluish; face-markings con-

sisting of broad-cuneate bright lemon-yellow lateral marks,

filling the space between clypeus and eyes, pointed below,

rather obliquely truncate above ; clypeus finely striatulate,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. ll

162 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

not evidently punctured; flagellum reddish brown beneath ;

mesothorax very finely punctured ; tubercles, scutellum,

axillz, and postscutellum bright chrome-yellow ; area of

metathorax roughened basally; legs black, anterior tibize

reddish basally in front, and with a small cream-coloured

streak, hind tibie with a subbasal cream-coloured spot.

Wings hyaline, scarcely dusky, recurrent nervures meeting

transverso-cubitals. Except for the faint bluish tint of

abdomen, this runs in the table to P. frederici*. According

to Smith, frederict has the abdomen “ obscurely tinged with

blue,” but it is so faint that I overlooked it when examining

the type. P. frederici is, however, larger, and has the

abdomen “covered with a changeable white pile, observable

in certain lights.” Run among the metallic species, P. b/-

cuneata goes to 19, and runs out because of the very fine

sculpture, combined with cuneate face-marks,

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, March 1900 (Turner).

Superficially the insect is like P. zanthaspis.

Prosopis rollet, Ckll.

In the Turner collection are two females and three males

from Victoria (C. F.). The females are P. elegans, Sm.,

agreeing with ja specimen from Adelaide, the type locality,

though the abdomen is much more clouded with black than

Smith describes. The males are P. rolled, Ckll., described

from Ararat, Victoria. Smith describes the male of P. elegans

as having the postscutellum black, and the abdomen “ having

only the two basal segments and a line down thelr centre

black”? ; but this statement about the abdomen is erroneous,

and was evidently meant to read “only the two basal seg-

ments red, a line”? &e. P. sydneyana, Ckll., which I

determined as elegans by comparison of types, represents a

variety with the postscutellum yellow.

P. rollei is readily separable from elegans in the male, but

it may be that females at present ascribed to elegans belong

in part to rollez.

Prosopis coronata, Ckll.

This was described from the male. Turner’s 871 (Mackay,

Nov. 1893) appears to be its female. Itisabout 6 mm. long,

more robust than the male, but with the same finely punc-

tured mesothorax, red abdomen, &c. ‘The clypeus, labrum,

aud mandibles are red, and there are narrow, almost linear,

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1910, p. 140, line 4, dele “ not,” and

read “ Lateral face-marks ending ” &e.

Records of Bees. 163

lateral face-marks running along the orbits and ending a

little below level of antenna. Antenne entirely bright

ferruginous, short, the flagellum thick, its middle joints much

wider than long; knees, tibia, and tarsi red, the middle

tibiz with a blackish cloud on outer side ; area of metathorax

coarsely irregularly cancellate; thorax without light markings.

In the table this runs straight to P. subplebeia male.

Prosopis philoleuca, sp. n.

2 .—Length about 4 mm.

A short robust species like P. amiculiformis, but smaller,

and with the light markings all white—namely, broad-triangu-

Jar lateral face-marks (ending in a point on orbit a little

above antenna, the upper inner side of the triangle a little

longer than the lower inner), tubercles, a narrow interrupted

line on upper border of prothorax, and a basal spot on each

tibia, that on hind tibia involving the basal two-fifths;

flagellum thick, ferruginous beneath; front and mesothorax

extremely minutely punctured ; area of metathorax shining,

sculptured at extreme base; tegule very dark brown.

Wings clear; second submarginal cell receiving both re-

current nervures. Abdomen subglobose. Runs in the table

to 35, and runs out because clypeus is black and face-marks

are white. ;

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, May 1900 (Turner). British

Museum.

Prosopis nigrifrons, Smith, var. a.

? .—Length fully 10 mm.

Front closely punctured but shining; area of metathorax

elevated, granular, not strigose ; first r.n. joining second

s.m. more than a third from base, the distance being equal to

about four-fifths length of first t.-c.; margins of abdominal

segments black.

Hab. Victoria (C. F.). Turner Collection, British

Museum.

Prosopis itamuca, sp. n.

? .—Length about 10 mm.

In nearly all respects agreeing with P. nigrifrons, var. a

(a noteworthy little feature common to both is a red spot at

the base of the scape), but differing thus: light markings of

thorax (tubercles, large patch behind, seutellum, and post-

scutellum) brilliant chrome-yellow or orange (lemon-yellow

11*

164 Mr, T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

in nigrifrons, var.a). Wings darker and especially much

redder ; first r.n. joining second s.m. much nearer base, the

distance being hardly half length of first t.-c., and very much

Jess than a third length of s.m.; area of metathorax longi-

tudinally strigose.

Hab. N.W. Australia (C. F.). Turner Collection, British

Museum.

C. F. is doubtless Charles French, of Melbourne.

Prosopis aposuara, sp. n.

3d .—Leneth 7 mm.

Head and thorax black, closely and minutely punctured ;

abdomen dark purplish ; head and face ordinary, the latter en-

tirely light yellow below the antennze, except the very narrow

lower edge of clypeus, but labrum and mandibles black ;

lateral marks broadly truneste above at level of antenne, the

edge of the tiuncation irregular ; supraclypeal mark long and

narrow, with about half its length above the general level of

the facial yellow, its upper end truncate but deeply notched

in the middle; scape with a yellow stripe; flagellum dark

above, ferruginous beneath ; upper border of prothorax with

a feeble interrupted yellow line; tubercles, scutellum, and

postscutellum bright chrome-yellow ; area of metathorax

longitudinally wiinkled, and with a strong transverse ridge

near the base; tegule reddish brown. Wings a little dusky

toward apex; second s.m. long; first r. n. meeting first t.-c.

Legs obscure reddish, anterior and middle tibia testaceous in

front. Abdomen finely punctured. In the table this runs

to P. purpurata, from which it is readily known by the pale

yellow face and black mandibles, as well as the colour of the

legs. To the same place runs P. lubbocki, but this is

separated by the colour of the legs, and especially the black

hair on the apical part of the abdomen beneath, this place in

P. aposuara having exceedingly fine wholly pale hair. It

may also be compared with P. chrysognatha, but that has the

face bright yellow, the legs with much yellow, and the

abdomen not purplish. The absence of a constriction between

the first and second dorsal abdominal segments at once

separates it from P. elongata.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, at flowers of Xanthorrhea,

April 1899 (Turner). British Museum.

This is the male of ‘lurner’s 1047; the females labelled

with the same number (Mackay, two May 1900, one Oct.

1899, at flowers of Hugenia) agree with P. 7. tundiceps, Smith,

so far as I can make out. They have the same transverse

Records of Bees. 165

keel on the base of the metathorax as the male, but the

mesothorax is more coarsely punctured, and they are of

course larger and more robust. There is no supraclypeal

mark. I should have referred both sexes of 1047 to rotundi-

ceps, had I not seen both sexes of rotundiceps, with a quite

different male, from New South Wales. The type locality

of retundiceps is Melbourne, and it was to be expected that

the Mackay insect would differ. The Mackay females were

not taken with the male, and may not belong to it; their

status must for the present remain somewhat doubtful.

Prosopis chrysognatha, Ckll.

9? .—Sydney, New South Wales, Nov. 1905 (Turner).

British Museum,

This agrees with Smith’s description of P. simillima,

except that the first r. n. practically meets the first t.-c. The

male of chrysognatha is readily separated from simillima.

Prosopis cyaneomicans, sp. n.

? —Length about 6 mm.

Slender, head and thorax black, abdomen brilliant shining

blue; head ordinary, but wholly without pale markings ;

clypeus striatulate and punctured; front shining, well punc-

tured ; flagellum light ferruginous beneath, dusky ferruginous

above ; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with strong well-

separated punctures; metathorax large and prominent, the

basal area transversely striate ; tubercles with a white spot,

but thorax with no other light markings; tegule shining

piceous. Wings clear; nervures and stigma dark reddish

brown, first r. n. meeting first t.-c. Legs black, hind tibie

white at extreme base. Abdomen little sculptured, the basal

segment especially smooth and shining, apical part with

black hair. In the table this runs to 12, and falls nearest to

P. cyanophila, differing greatly by the shining and brilliantly

coloured abdomen. It is not unlikely that when the male is

discovered it will be seen to be a Meroglossa.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, at flowers of Cassia, Dec.

1899 ; also at flowers of Rosa, 1900, and one Jan. 1901

(Turner 710). British Museum.

Prosopis cenibera, sp. n. (lateralis, subsp. ?).

9 .—Appearance of P. lateralis, Smith, for which I had

taken it, but it differs in the form of the metathorax, the area

being well defined and boat-shaped, its surface dull with a

166 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

few indistinct raised lines; other differences are, hind tibiz

cream-coloured at base, creamy-white lateral face-marks

linear. The metathorax may be all red at sides or only red-

spotted. This is perhaps only a subspecies of P. /ateralis.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, at flowers of Xanthorrhea

April 1899 (Turner, 856). British Museum. Another, col-

lected Nov. 1893, bears the number 858.

There are two small cream-coloured marks on upper

border of prothorax. A variety (Turner, 858, Nov. 1893) is

larger and more robust (about 6 mm. long), with the stigma

honey-colour and the metathorax red except the enclosure.

The lateral face-marks are broader, as in lateralis.

Prosopis euxantha, n. n.

Prosopis xanthopoda, Ckll. Ann. & Mag. N. H., July 1910, p. 28 (not

of Vachal, 1895).

Pachyprosopis mirabilis, Perkins.

9 .—Mackay, Queensland (Turner, 868). Marchand May

1900; one is from flowers of Hucalyptus. The mesothorax

and scutellum vary from dark green to dark purple.

Pachyprosopis plebeia, sp. n.

9 .—Length 64-7 mm.

General build and appearance much as in P. mirabilis, but

the head, while thick, is not in any way extraordinary, being

as in Huryglossa. Head black, face broad; labrum and

mandibles (except apex) dark red; clypeus with distinct

well-separated punctures, front minutely punctured ; linear

facial foveee curving above and running to lateral ocelli;

scape light orange ; flagellum thick, entirely clear ferrugi-

nous; thorax black, with the very minutely punctured

mesothorax tile-red, sometimes clouded with black at sides ;

scutellum with minute punctures on a shining ground, its

anterior border sometimes red, area of metathorax not

noticeably sculptured, sides of metathorax with conspicuous

white hair; tegule very dark brown. Wings clear, nervures

and stigma yellowish brown; venation as in P. mirabilis,

but the second s.m. is not so narrow, and the basal nervure

is more arched. Femora black, ferruginous at apex; tibie

and tarsi clear ferruginous, the anterior tibia more or less

yellow in front. Abdomen red, a shade darker than in

P. mirabilis, the first segment sometimes blackened basally,

when two small orange spots appear upon the black.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, Nov. 1893 and Jan. 1901

(Turner, 857). British Museum.

Records of Bees, 167

Pechyprosopis doddi, sp. n.

? .—Length about 6 mm.

Very close to P, plebeia, with the same red mesothorax,

the same venation, &c., but differing thus: scape ferruginous

like the flagellum ; seutellum red ; anterior tibia not yellow

in front ; first abdominal segment dark, except the apical sides

broadly, but no light spots; red of abdomen duller.

Hab. Vownsville, Queensland, 2.1.03 (Ff. P. Dodd).

British Museum.

‘The new species of Pachyprosopis indicate that the genus

is essentially like Huryglossa, differing, however, in the shape

of the submarginal cell.

Pachyprosopis semisericea (Ckll.).

Stilpnosoma semisericeum, Ckll., 1905, is better placed in

this genus.

Euryglossa rubricata, Smith, and allies.

I formerly recorded Turner’s 859 as £. rubricata, but it

now appears that there are three species of the rubricata

type, separable thus :—

Mesothorax finely rugose in front, posteriorly

with strong rather close punctures; scape

red ; arigetbaan red, but axille, postscutel-

lum (which is rugose), and metathorax

black; last two segments of abdomen

black. (Mackay, Queensland, at flowers

of Leptospermum, Oct. 1898, Turner,

AN kis aire ars Dichsicdcaneureeeu a E. leptospermi, sp. n.

Mesothorax and scutellum shining, with

fine scattered punctures ..........++00+5 Zz

1. Apex of abdomen red, like the part before ;

antenne very dark fuscous, the flagellum

beneath largely pale yellowish ferruginous ;

axille and postscutellum red. (Victoria,

C. F.; Turner collection.)..... Fo hee E. frenchii, sp. n.

Apex of abdomen blue-black ; antenne ferru-

ginous; the flagellum fuscous above.

(Swans EEVRR Ds ion om td pigs one gud vant E. rubricata, Smith.

The types of the new species are in the British Museum.

Other characters are :—

E. leptospermi.—Clypeus well punctured; knees, tibiz,

and tarsi ferruginous; hind spur strongly dentate.

EE. frenchiit.—Cly peus and supracly peal area smooth, hardly

punctured, the suture between them broadly suffused with

dark reddish ; anterior tibie blackish on outer side; hind

femora red beneath,

168 Mr. H. Druce on

Euryglossa chrysoceras, Ckll., and E. subsericea, Ckll.

A male £. chrysoceras comes from The Ridges, Mackay,

Queensland, at flowers of Leptospermum, Oct. 1898 (Turner,

702). British Museum. At the same flowers were taken

females of EF. subsericea, Ckll., and these also bear the

number 702, being evidently considered conspecific with

chrysoceras. The two insects are so different that it seems

improbable that they can be sexes of one, and, moreover, I

believe the true male of £. subsertcea to be Turner’s la,

taken in some numbers at flowers of Leptospermum, at the

same locality, Sept. and Oct. 1898. This insect has every

appearance of H. subsericea, except for the usual sexual

differences and the faet that the head and thorax are dark

green instead of black. A very characteristic feature, seen

in both sexes, is the dull minutely sculptured front, abruptly

contrasting with the shining strongly punctured vertex.

The abdomen of the male is shining, in the female it is dull.

The venation varies, the first r. n. sometimes squarely meeting

the first t.-c. The male (Turner’s 1 a) is the insect mentioned

by Baker (‘Invertebrata Pacifica,’ May 1906, p. 141) as

Stilpnosoma turneri. Prof. Baker has kindly sent me his

specimen, which proves to be from Mackay, Sept. 1898,

collected by ‘l'urner, the name S. turnert being a manuscript

one by Friese.

XVII.—Descriptions of some new Species of Heterocera from

East and West Africa and Tropical South America. By

Hersert Druce, F.L.S. &e.

Fam. Agaristida.

Copidryas peruviana, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax brown, thickly

irrorated with grey hairs ; antenne and palpi black; abdo-

men yellow, with a black tuft of hairs at the base, the underside

greyish yellow, the legs yellow. Primaries pale brown, thickly

irrorated with white and greenish-coloured scales; two zigzag

black lines cross the wing beyond the cell from the costal to

the inner margin ; a small brown spot in the cell; the inner

margin brown from the base to the anal angle; the fringe

alternately brown and white: secondaries chrome-yellow,

bordered with black from the apex almost to the anal angle ;

new Species of Ileterccera. 169

the fringe alternately black and grey. Underside of both

wings pale yellow, irorated with brown scales: primaries

with a black dot at the end of the cell, and beyond a broken

black bar that does not reach either margin, the apex and

outer margin brown.—Female the same as the male, but

rather darker in colour.

Expanse 2? inches.

Hab, 8.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet, wet season

(G. Ockenden, Mus. Druce).

Tuerta rema, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, and antenne black, the base of the

antennze white; collar, tegule, and thorax reddish brown,

thickly irrorated with white hairs; abdomen pale yellow.

Primaries: the costal half of the wing from the base to

beyond the cell white, the outer half of the cell pale green ;

a reddish-brown band extends from the apex to the anal angle

and along the inner margin to the base of the wing thickly

irrorated with white scales, the inner side of the brown band

broadly olive-green, the outer margin and fringe white:

secondaries pale yellow, the fringe white; a small black line

close to the anal angle. Underside of both wings uniformly

pale yellow.

Expanse 13 inch,

Hab. German Hast Africa (Mus. Druce).

Fam. Arctide.

Diacrisia pales, sp. n.

Male—Head, collar, tegule, and front of the thorax

orange-yellow, the thorax and basal part of the abdomen pale

yellow, antennz and legs black, the abdomen black, the

anus yellow, Primaries pale yellow: secondaries yellowish

white, darkest along the inner margin.—The female the same

as the male.

Expanse 1? inch.

Hab, German Kast Africa (Mus, Druce).

Allied to Diacrisia lurida, Druce.

Lophocampa dissimilis, sp. n.

Male and female.—Head chrome-yellow ; palpi and an-

tenne black; collar white, edged with chrome-yellow;

tegule chrome-yellow, edged with white; thorax and abdo-

men black, some yellowish-brown hairs at the base of the

170 Mr. H. Druce on

thorax, abdomen spotted with yellow on the upper side and

sides, the two anal segments, the anus, and underside yellowish

white ; the legs black. Primaries sordid white, the apex and

part of the outer margin clouded with pale brown, the veins

and a bar at the end of the cell pale brown, the fringe

greyish white: secondaries similar to the primaries, but more

dusky on the inner margin.

Expanse, ¢ 2, ¢ 2? inches.

Hab. Peru, Chanchamayo, 1000 to 1500 metres (Jlus.

Druce).

This species is allied to Lophocampa humosa, Dogn., from

Ecuador.

Pericopis imitata, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, thorax, base of the abdo-

men, and legs black; two yellow spots at the back of the

head and two at the base of the primaries ; abdomen black,

with a row of bluish-grey spots on each side, below which on

the sides a row of very minute white dots; the underside

spotted with yellow; the anal tuft bright red. Primaries

very similar to those of P. arema, Boisd., but browner and

not so hyaline, without the broad black band across the wing

at the end of the cell asin P. arema ; a faint marginal zigzag

line extends from the apex to the anal angle; the fringe

black : secondaries pale yellowish white, very broadly

bordered with black at the end of the cell; two yellowish-

white spots; a marginal row of white spots from near the

apex to the anal angle. The underside very similar to the

upperside, a red spot at the base of both wings.

Expanse, ¢ ?, 3 inches.

Hab. Peru, Limbani, Carabaya, 9500 feet, 3 ¢, 1 9; Rio

Huacamayo, 3100 feet, 2 g; Oconeque, 7000 feet, 1 @;

Aqualani, 10,000 feet, 4 fg (G. Ockenden). Brazil, 1 ¢

(ex Staudinger, Mus. Druce).

Near P. arema, Boisd., but at once distinguished from that

species by the bluish-grey sides to the abdomen.

Pericopis titan, sp. n.

Female.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax,

abdomen, and legs all black ; collar spotted with white; a

yellow spot at the base of the tegule; the sides of the abdo-

men greenish grey, with a row of white dots below the under-

side yellow. Primaries blackish grey, marked with black

very much the same as Pericopis imitata, Druce: secondaries

white, broadly bordered with black; two white spots just

new Spectes of [eterocera. 171

beyond the cell; the veins black ; a marginal row of rather

large white spots extends from the apex to the anal angle.

Underside similar to the upperside ; a large red spot at the

base of both wings and a white spot on each side of the

thorax.

Expanse 3 inches.

Hab. Peru, Chanchamayo, L000 to 1500 metres (Mus.

Druce).

Pericopis palmert, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, and legs

black ; tegule edged with yellow; abdomen black; a row

of large yellow spots on both sides; the underside yellow ;

anal tuft red. Primaries dark brown; a red spot at the

base ;'a yellow streak on the inner margin; the semihyaline

markings very similar to those of Pericopis imitata, Druce,

but mostly edged with yellow; the spot in the cell extends

to the base ; a fine submarginal yellow line extends from

the apex to the anal angle; the fringe dark brown: second-

aries white, the veins and a bar at the end of the cell black;

the outer margin broadly black, with a row of red spots from

the apex to the anal angle and a marginal row of white dots

also from the apex to the anal angle. Underside: primaries

the same as above, but with several reddish marks along the

outer margin: secondaries similar to the upperside, the costal

margin red.—/emale. Head, antenne, collar, tegule, and

thorax black; abdomen the same as the male. Primaries

brown, the markings much more indistinct: secondaries pale

yellow, very broadly bordered with black; a yellow spot at

the end of the cell ; the costal margin red; the marginal red

and white spots the same as the male ; the fringe black.

Underside: primaries very similar to the upperside, but

much paler in colour: secondaries the same as the upperside,

with all the red markings very bright in colour; the white

row of marginal spots are larger and more distinct.

Expanse, ¢ 23, 2 34 inches.

Hab. West Colombia, San Antonio, 5800 feet (G. M.

Palmer) ; East Peru, Puzuzo (J. Egg, 2000-4000 feet,

Mus. Druce).

Pericopis damon, sp. n.

Female.— Head, antenne, collar, tegule, and thorax

black, the head, collar, and tegule spotted with white; abdo-

men black above, yellowish white on the underside; legs

black. Primaries dusky hyaline, the apex, outer and inner

172 Mr. H. Druce on

margin broadly black ; two black bands cross the wing, that

nearest the base from the costal to the inner margin; the

band at the end of the cell from the costal to the outer

margin ; the veins all black: secondaries yellowish hyaline,

broadly bordered with black from the apex to the anal angle;

a marginal row of rather large white spots extends from the

apex to the anal angle; a black band crosses the wing at the

end of the cell from the costal to about the middle of the

outer margin; the veins and fringe black. Underside very

similar to the upperside, but slightly more yellow in tone.

Expanse 34 inches.

Hab. Peru, Chanchamayo, 1000-1500 metres (Mus.

Druce).

Pericopis semirufa, sp. 0.

Female.—Head and antenne black, head spotted with

white; collar black, spotted with yellow ; tegule black, with

a yellow spot at the base ; thorax brownish black ; abdomen

reddish brown, yellow on the underside; legs black. Pri-

maries brownish hyaline, the costal margin, apex, outer and

inner margin, and two bands crossing the wing all black:

secondaries reddish hyaline, the outer margin black, with a

marginal row of white spots extending from the apex to the

anal angle; above the black margin a red band extends from

the apex to the anal angle; the fringe black. Underside very

similar to the upperside; primaries with a red band at the

apex and a reddish spot above the anal angle ; secondaries

with the costal margin red.

Expanse 3# inches.

Hab. Peru, Chanchamayo, 1000-1500 metres (Jdus.

Druce).

Pericopis sylvia, sp. n.

Female.— Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegulee, and thorax

black, collar and tegule spotted with white; abdomen grey,

the sides black; the underside pale yellow; legs black.

Primaries greyish hyaline, the costal margin, apex, outer and

inner margin black ; a reddish-brown line extends along the

inner margin from the base nearly to the apex; a black band

crosses the wing about the middle of the cell from the costal

to the inner margin; a black band at the end of the cell, a

few white dots at the apex, and several indistinct brown spots

on the inner side of the white dots: secondaries semihyaline

white, the veins and a bar at the end of the cell black ; the

outer margin broadly black from the apex to the anal angle,

new Species of Ileterocera. 173

and a marginal row of rather large white spots. Underside

very similar to the upperside, but with the costal margin of

the secondaries from the base almost to the apex chrome-

yellow.

I-xpanse 34 inches.

Hab. Peru, Chanchamayo, 1000-1500 metres (Jus.

Druce).

Pericopis madana, sp. n.

Female.—Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegula, thorax, and

abdomen black, the collar spotted with white, abdomen with

a bluish-grey band on each side; the underside pale yellow;

legs black. Primaries brownish grey, the apex, inner

margin, and two bands crossing the wings all black ; several

small white spots at the apex, below which are some indistinct

reddish-brown spots, also two reddish-brown spots close to

the anal angle; a bright red spot at the base: secondaries

white, the veins all black ; the inner half of the wing thickly

clothed with black hairs ; the outer margin broadly bordered

with black, with a submarginal row of indistinct reddish

spots and a marginal row of white spots extending from the

apex to the anal angle; the fringe black. Underside similar

to the upperside, but with nearly all the black markings red.

Expanse 3 inches.

Hab. West Colombia, San Antonio, 5800 feet (G. I.

Palmer, Mus. Druce).

A very distinct species, quite unlike any other known

to me.

Pericopis hodeva, sp. n.

Female.—Head, antenne, collar, tegulz, thorax, and legs

all black; collar spotted with yellow, tegule edged with

reddish brown; abdomen above reddish brown, with a central

black line down the middle from the base to the anus; a

double black line on each side; the underside pale yellow;

the anal segment bluish grey. Primaries: the apical third

of the wing black, from the end of the cell to the base

brownish yellow, clouded in the cell and along the inner

margin with brown; the veins black; the fringe black; a

yellow line at the end of the cell; secondaries black, yellowish

brown at the apex and half round the outer margin. Under-

side very similar to the upperside, but brighter in colour, and

a distinct black spot about the middle of the cell on the

primaries,

Expanse 34 inches.

Hlab. Peru, Puzuzo (Mus, Druee).

174 Mr. H. Druce on

Pericopis rhea, sp. n.

Female.—Head, palpi, antenne, collar, and tegule black,

collar spotted with yellow ; thorax yellowish brown, clothed

with some black hairs; abdomen yellowish brown, with a

central black line from the base to the anus; a narrow black

line on each side ; the underside pale yellow. Primaries: the

apical third of the wing brownish black, the other two-thirds of

the wing dark orange-yellow, the veins black ; a black bar at

the end of the cell and an ill-defined black band crossing the

wing from the costal margin to the upperside of vein 2; the

fringe black: secondaries dark orange-yellow, the outer

margin and a wide band partly across the middle of the wing

below the cell black. Underside very similar to the upperside,

but brighter in colour.

Expanse 3? inches.

Hab. Peru, Pachitea (Mus. Druce).

Pericopis staudingeri, sp. n.

Female.—Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegule, and thorax

black, head and tegule spotted with white; abdomen red,

with a central black band extending from the base to the

anus ; a black band on each side; the underside yellow ; legs

black. Primaries brownish black, crossed from the costal

margin nearest the apex to the anal angle by a cream-coloured

wide band; a black bar at the end of the cell: secondaries

bright red, the outer margin black from the apex to the anal

angle; a broken black band crosses the wing below the

middle. Underside very similar to the upperside, with the

inner margin of the primaries yellowish brown; the second-

aries with a large round yellow spot at the end of the cell.

Expanse 3} inches.

Hab. Peru, Cuzco (received from the late Dr. Staudinger) ;

S.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (G. Ockenden, Mus.

Druce).

Pericopis buckleyi, sp. n.

Female.—Head, palpi, antennz, collar, tegule, thorax,

abdomen, and legs black. Primaries dark brown, darkest at

the base; a red spot on the costal margin close to the base ;

the fringe dark brown: secondaries black, three pale yellow

spots between veins 5, 6, and 7 near the apex; a rose-

coloured band extending from the anal angle to vein 4; the

= 7

new Species of Leterocera. 175

fringe black. The underside the same as the uppersite: the

secondaries with a red spot at the base.

Expanse 4 inches.

Hab. Ecuador, Sarayacu (C. Buckley, Mus. Druce).

Pericopis salome, sp. n.

Female.—Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax,

abdomen, and legs black. Primaries dark brown, very

similar to Pericopis rosena, Butler: secondaries black; a

yellow spot at the end of the cell and one beyond nearest the

apex; a wide rose-coloured band extends from the inner

margin to the cell, the outer margin of the band broken into

streaks; the fringe black. Underside of the primaries dark

brown; four pale yellow spots beyond the cell and a pale

yellow band from the end of the cell to the inner margin

above the apex : secondaries the same as above, but browner

in colour.

Expanse 24 inches.

Hab. Ecuador (C0. Buckley, Mus. Druce).

Allied to Pericopis rosina, Butler, Lep. Exot. p. 77, t. xxx.

fig. 1.

Pericopis unxia, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, and antenne black; collar black,

with four yellow spots ; tegule black, with a large yellow

spot at the base ; thorax black ; abdomen yellow, a central

black line extends from the base to the anus, a black line on

each side ; the underside pale yellow, the anal tuft orange ;

legs black and yellow. Primaries dusky hyaline, very

similar to those of Pericopis sibylla, Butler; a marginal

row of small white dots extends from the apex to the anal_

angle: secondaries very pale yellow, broadly bordered with

black ; a marginal row of small white dots extending from

the apex to the anal angle ; a fine black line crosses the wing

beyond the cell; an indistinct red line at the apex; the

fringe black. Underside very similar to the upperside, but

much more yellow in colour; the costal margin of the

secondaries reddish brown ; a red spot at the base of all the

wings.

Expanse 23 inches.

Hab. Peru, La Union, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya,

2000 feet ; Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (G. Uckenden, Mus.

Druce).

176 Mr. H. Druce on -

Fam. Lithoside.

Chrysochlorosia superba, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen metallic

green; antenne metallic green, the tips white; the anus

bright metallic blue; the underside of the abdomen reddish ;

the legs metallic blue-green. Primaries metallic orange-blue

and green, broadly bordered with black on the outer margin ;

the fringe bright metallic blue: secondaries black. Under-

side of both wings greenish black.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab. Colombia, Rio San Juan, 250 feet (G. 1. Palmer,

Mus. Druce).

Ptychoglene phebe, sp. n.

Male—WHead, antenne, tegule, and thorax brownish

black; collar white; abdomen black, each segment edged

with white; underside of the abdomen white; legs brownish

black. Primaries orange-yellow, the costal margin, apex,

and outer margin broadly black, the inner margin edged with

black ; the fringe black: secondaries orange-red, bordered

with black from the apex to the anal angle; two black

streaks at the base of the wing; the apical half of the fringe

black, the anal half orange-red. Underside very similar to

the upperside, but paler in colour.

Expanse 1,4; inch.

Hab. Hast Peru, Huancabamba, 6000-10,000 feet ( Boett-

ger, Mus. Druce).

Fam. Lasiocampide.

Chrysopoloma opalina, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, abdomen, and legs

pale cream-colour ; antenna pale brown. Primaries pale

cream-colour ; an indistinct row of brownish-black dots crosses

the wing from near the apex to the inner margin close to the

anal angle, the spot on the inner margin much the largest:

secondaries pale cream-colour, crossed from the apex to the

inner margin by a double row of indistinct black dots, also a

marginal row of very indistinct dots extends from the apex to

the anal angle; the fringe of both wings pale cream-colour.—

Female very similar to the male, but much larger, very

thinly clothed with scales and quite opalescent; the tips of

the antennez black.

Expanse, ¢ 1%, ¢ 24 inches.

new Species of HHeterocera. 177

Hab. West Africa, Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet,

dry season (G'. L, Bates, Mus. Druce).

Allied to Chrysopoloma subiridescens, Holland, and Chryso-

poloma citrina, Druce.

Fam. Limacodide.

Dalcera semirufa, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen yellow ;

antenne and legs black. Primaries red, the costal and outer

margin greenish yellow: secondaries yellow, broadly bordered

from the apex to the anal angle with black; the fringe

yellow. Underside of both wings yellow, broadly bordered

with black.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab, Colombia, Rio San Juan, Chaco, 150 feet (@. M.

Palmer, Mus. Druce).

Birthama (?) dodona, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, abdomen, and legs

chrome-yellow ; antenne and palpi black. Primaries chrome-

yellow, the veins darker ; a straight brown line crosses the

wing from the apex to the inner margin close to the base ;

the fringe brownish yellow: secondaries chrome-yellow,

paler than the primaries; the underside of both wings

chrome-yellow, entirely without markings.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hab. West Africa, Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet,

wet season (G. L. Bates, Mus. Druce).

Fam. Notodontide.

Pheosia ockendeni, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax dark grey, mixed

with white hairs; palpi black; antenne pale brown; abdo-

men black, the two anal segments grey, underside of the

abdomen yellowish white ; legs dark grey. Primaries dark

grey, shaded with reddish brown on the costal margin near

the apex; a double black line crosses the wing beyond the

cell from the costal to the inner margin ; a second double

black line crosses the wing near the base from the costal to

the inner margin, the inner margin clouded with black ; two

reddish-brown spots edged with black at the end of the cell ;

the marginal line black ; fringe grey : secondaries white, the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 12

178 Mr. H. Druce on

costal margin from the base to the apex blackish grey, the

marginal line black; the fringe white. Underside: pri-

maries grey, reddish brown along the costal margin : second-

aries white.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hab. North-east Peru, Aqualani, 10,000 feet, wet season

(G. Ockenden, Mus. Druce).

Fam. Noctuidae.

Subfam. Acroyrcriv2z.

Erocha trita, sp. n.

Male.—Head, abdomen, and legs black; collar, tegule,

and thorax grey; the anal tuft reddish brown. Primaries

grey, very thickly irrorated with black scales ; a round black

spot in the cell and an oval-shaped spot at the end of the cell ;

a zigzag rather broad white line crosses the wing near the

base from the costal to the inner margin; a second zigzag

line crosses the wing beyond the cell, ending in a large white

spot close to the anal angle ; the primaries are very similar

to those of Hrocha dolens, Druce: secondaries pale cream-

yellow, the marginal line black; the fringe white. Underside

similar to the upperside, the costal margin and the apex of

the primaries black.

Expanse 2 inches. ;

Hab. S.E. Peru, Aqualani, 10,000 feet (G. Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Iscadia buckley, sp. n.

Cdemasia (?) alcimede, Druce, P. Z. 8. 1890, p. 510; Biologia Centr.-

Am., Lep. Het. ii. p. 453.

Phastia alcimede, Schs. Trans. Ent, Soc. 1891, p. 257.

Female.—Head and palpi black above, underside of palpi

pale brown ; collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen dark brown,

underside of the abdomen pale brown. Primaries dark

brown, pale brown at the base and partly across the wing ;

two spots in the cell; two zigzag black lines cross the wing

from the costal to the inner margin, the first nearest the base,

the second beyond the cell ; a pale brown patch at the apex

crossed with black spots; a submarginal light brown line

with black points extends from apex to the anal angle; the

marginal line black ; the fringe dark brown: secondaries

uniformly brown, the fringe slightly paler in colour. Under-

side of both wings brown.

Expanse 23 inches.

Hab. Ecuador, Sarayacu (Buckley, Mus. Druce).

new Species of Ileterocera. 179

Iscadia variegata, sp. n.

Female.—Head, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen grey

irrorated with black hairs, collar edged with black ; antenne

greyish brown; palpi grey, the point black ; underside of the

abdomen and legs greyish white. Primaries grey, heavily

marked with brown along the costal margin; a waved black

line crosses the middle of the wing from the costal to the

inner margin; an indistinct zigzag white line crosses from

near the apex to the anal angle ; a marginal row of small

black spots extends from the apex to the anal angle ; a black

spot at the end of the cell; the fringe dark grey: secondaries

brownish white, deeply shaded with brown at the apex and

partly round the outer margin. Underside: primaries

greyish black, the inner margin white: secondaries the same

as above.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. ‘Vrinidad, Caparo (S. M. Klages); Colombia, Don

Amo, 2000 feet (1. //. Smith) ; S.E. Peru, Santo Domingo,

6000 feet (G@. Ockenden, Mus. Druce).

Alwognatha nitescens, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen

very dark grey; the underside of the thorax, legs, and abdo-

men pale grey. Primaries grey, thickly irrorated with fine

black scales ; a black spot in the middle of the cell and one

at the end of the cell; a dark grey mark near the apex,

below which are several black spots; the outer margin

spotted with black; the fringe grey: secondaries white,

slightly edged with pale brown at the apex ; the fringe white.

Underside: primaries pale grey, with three black spots on

the costal margin near the apex: secondaries as above.—

Female the same as the male, but larger and more heavily

marked.

Expanse, g 1}, 2 1} inch.

Hab. Peru, Oconeque, Carabaya, 7000 feet (G. Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Eleognatha melanosticta, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax dark grey, the

third joint of the palpi black, the base of the thorax mottled

with white ; abdomen blackish brown, anal tuft white ; under-

side of the abdomen and legs yellowish white. Primaries

grey, the base heavily sootileg with white, crossed by several

black lines; a submarginal waved pale grey line extends

12*

180 Mr. H. Druce on

from the apex to the anal angle; the marginal line spotted

with black; secondaries greyish white, the underside of both

wings pale grey.—Female very similar to the male, but

darker in colour.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab. S.E. Peru, La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 3000 feet;

Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (G@. Ockenden, Mus. Druce).

Eleognatha purpurascens, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, antenna, collar, tegule, thorax, and

abdomen greyish black, the underside of the abdomen and

legs yellowish white. Primaries dark grey ; a small black

spot at the base, one in the cell, and one at the end of the

cell; a greenish spot on the inner margin close to the base,

edged with white; a reddish-brown spot near the apex,

streaked with black ; a marginal row of small black dots

extends from the apex to the anal angle: secondaries brownish

white. Underside of both wings pale brown.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab. S.E. Peru, Rio Inambari, 3000 feet (G. Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Eleognatha cacaonis, sp. n.

Female.—Head, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen

very dark blackish brown ; antenne black ; legs grey. Pri-

maries dark brown, thickly irrorated with white scales and

lines; a grey mark on the costal margin close to the base,

below which is a black band reaching the inner margin ;

several white waved lines extend from the apex to the anal

angle; the marginal line spotted with black; the fringe

brown: secondaries dark blackish brown, the fringe grey.

Underside of both wings black.

Expanse 1$ inch.

Hab, W. Central Trinidad, Caparo (f. Birch, Mus. Druce).

Fam. Egeridz.

Melittia rugia, sp. n.

Head, antennz, tegule, thorax, and abdomen black ;

collar white; palpi white, tipped with black; legs black,

clothed with black hairs; the terminal joint clothed with

bright red hairs. Primaries bluish black, the cell hyaline,

the fringe black: secondaries hyaline, the veins and fringe

black, the inner margin from the base to the anal angle thickly

new Spectres of [Heterocera. 181

clothed with metallic bluish-green scales. The underside

similar to the upperside.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab. Peru, Chanchamayo, 1000-1500 metres (AlLus.

Druce).

Aigeria belia, sp. n.

Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and abdomen bluish black,

abdomen and thorax white on the underside ; antennz black ;

palpi black, white on the underside; legs black. Primaries

black ; a spot at the end of the cell; a band beyond the cell

extending from the costal margin to the anal angle, and a

streak from the base along the inner margin all hyaline, the

band near the apex crossed by black veins: secondaries

hyaline, the veins black, the fringe black.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. W. Atrica, Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet,

wet season (G. L. Bates, Mus. Duce).

Fam. Pyralide.

Subfam. Currsavervz.

Tamyra klagesi, sp. n.

Female.—Head, collar, tegule, and thorax pinkish fawn-

colour, the tegula edged with reddish browa; palpi very

long, tufted at the end, black above, fawn-colour on the

underside ; antenne reddish brown; abdomen reddish brown ;

legs brown. Primaries: the costal half of the wing pale

fawn-colour, irrorated with minute dark brown scales; the

inner half of the wing and the outer margin reddish brown,

darkest about the middle of the inner margin; a submarginal

black waved line extends from the apex to vein 1 ; the fringe

reddish brown: secondaries pinkish white, darkest at the

apex and round the outer margin. Underside pinkish white,

the apex and outer margin of both wings reddish brown; a

black spot at the end of the cell of both wings.

Expanse 24 inches.

Hab. Trinidad, Caparo (S. M. Klages, Mus. Druce).

Allied to Tamyra penicillana, Herr.-Schitt.

Subfam. ZHpreascur1in2.

Macalla argentilinea, sp. n.

Male.—Head pale brown, collar and tegule white streaked

with pale brown; antenne brown; abdomen pale brown,

182 Mr. H. Druce on

spotted with black on each side; legs pale brown. Primaries

pale yellowish brown, crossed from the costal to the inner

margin by two silvery-white lines, the first near the base,

the second at the end of the cell; the lines are edged with

black on the inner side; a large oval-shaped white spot,

thickly irrorated with pale brown scales on the outer margin

close to the anal angle, edged with black, the marginal line

black; two black streaks at the apex; the fringe silvery

brown: secondaries dusky white, darkest at the apex.

Underside brownish white.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab. §.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (G. Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Macalla viridis, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, and antenne pale brown; collar and

tegule pale pea-green; thorax and abdomen pale brown.

Primaries pea-green, fading to yellowish brown ; a silvery-

brown line crossing the wing from the costal margin to the

inner margin close to the base, a second about the middle of

cell, which extends partly along the inner margin almost to

the anal angle, then crosses the wing to the apex, curves

round the end of the cell to just above vein 1; a dark oval-

shaped mark at the end of the cell, edged with pale brown,

the marginal line silvery brown: secondaries silky white.

Underside: primaries pale pinkish brown, secondaries white.

Expanse 1,4 inch.

Hab. 8... Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (G. Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Macalla rufilinea, sp. n.

Male.—Head, thorax, and abdomen grey; collar and

tegule reddish brown. Primaries grey, thickly irrorated with

dark brown scales ; five reddish-brown lines cross the wing

beyond the cell, forming a network to the outer margin ; the

fringe alternately reddish brown and grey: secondaries silky

white, shaded with blackish brown at the apex. Underside:

primaries blackish brown, secondaries as above.—Female

very similar to the male, but larger and more heavily

marked with reddish-brown lines on the primaries; the

secondaries are also blacker round the outer margin.

Expanse, ¢ 1;%, 9 14 inch.

Hab, S.E. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (G. Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

Péi.".

new Species of [leterocera. 183

Macalla rufibasis, sp. n.

Male-—Head, palpi, collar, tegule, and thorax brownish

red; antenne brown; abdomen grey. Primaries dark grey,

the basal half brownish red; two waved whitish lines cross

the wing from the costal to the inner margin, the first at the

end of the cell, the second submarginal; a reddish-brown

spot at the apex; the marginal line black ; the fringe white:

secondaries sordid white, the marginal line black. Underside:

primaries pale brown ; secondaries the same as above, with

the costal margin broadly brown.

Expanse 14 inch.

Hab. Peru, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya, 3100 feet (G. Ocken-

den, Mus. Druce).

Subfam. Cramprvz.

Erupa titana, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, and abdomen

dark brown ; underside of the abdomen and legs yellowish

brown. Primaries dark glossy brown, crossed from the apex

almost to the middle of the inner margin by a waved yellow

line; a large yellow >-shaped mark crosses the wing about

the middle trom the costal to the inner margin; the point of

the > is at the end of the cell; a marginal row of black

spots with yellow points extends trom the apex to the anal

angle; the fringe dark brown: secondaries very dark brown.

Underside of both wings glossy dark brown, with a pinkish

tinge: primaries, a dark spot at the end of the cell, the costal

and outer margin edged with yellow: secondaries, the outer

margin edged with yellow and a black spot at the end of the

cell.

Expanse 2} inches.

Hab. 8.1K. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (G'. Ockenden,

Mus. Druce).

_ Erupa argentilinea, sp. n.

Male.—Head, palpi, antenne, collar, tegule, and thorax

dark reddish brown ; abdomen pale yellow, almost cream-

colour. Primaries reddish brown, crossed from the costal to

the inner margin by three broken curved silver lines; a

marginal row of small silver spots extends from the apex to

the anal angle ; the fringe reddish brown: secondaries cream-

colour, with the outer margin slightly dusky. Underside of

both wings pale reddish brown.

Expanse 1} inch.

Hab. West Colombia, San Antonio, 5800 feet (M. G.

Palmer, Mus. Druce).

184 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

XVIII.—Mammals from the River Supinaam, Demerara, pre-

sented by Mr. F. V. McConnell to the British Museum.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Mr. F. V. McConne tt, the donor of the valuable collection

from the Kanuku Mountains, of which I gave an account in

1901 *, has since presented to the National Museum a

number of smaller collections from other parts of British

Guiana. The latest of these is from the River Supinaam, a

tributary of the Lower Essequibo, and is of sufficient import-

ance to make a list of the species contained in it worthy of

publication.

1. Cebus apiculatus, Spix.

Two specimens.

2. Pithecta pithecia, L.

One.

3. Pithecia chiropotes, Humb.

One.

4, Tonatia lephotis, sp. n.

One.

Allied to 7. sylvicola, d’Orb., which would appear to be

distinguishable from 7. amblyotis by its larger size, and

notably its larger skull. General characters as in the former

species, but ears markedly larger, measuring (after damping)

30 mm. in Jength from the inner base by 22°5 in breadth, as

compared with 25x21 in an example similarly treated of

T. sylvicola. Feet smaller than in sylvicola, the distance

from behind the base of the calcar to the ends of the claws

18 mm. as compared with 20-21 in sylvicola. _

Colour quite as in 7. sylvicola, though the grey collar

hardly goes up so far on the sides of the neck.

Skull as in TZ. sylvicola, the posterior palate rather nar-

rower.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :—

Forearm 56 mm.

Ear (wet) 30x 22°5; third finger, metacarpus 45, first

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) viii. p. 139.

the River Supinaam, Demerara. 185

phalanx 20, second phalanx 20; lower leg and hind foot

(c. u.) 43.

Skull: greatest length 28°3; condylo-basal length 24:7;

zygomatic breadth 14°7; mastoid breadth 14°5; palatal

length 13°3 ; front of canine to back of m* 10°5. Breadth

between outer corners of m? 9°4,

Type. B.M. no, 10. 5. 4. 5.

‘This would appear to be the Guianan representative of

T. sylvicola, but material is not at present available to

elucidate the relative positions of the various forms described.

5. Nasua vittata, Tschudi.

Male and two females.

Of this rare and peculiar species I only know of two

previous specimens, the type in the Berlin Museum and an

example which lived in the Zoological Gardens some years

ago and is now mounted in the Hon. W. Rothschild’s Museum

at Tring.

The male is coloured very much as described by Tschudi,

but the females are blackish throughout on the upper surface

and sides, though the bases of the hairs and the whole under

surface are ochraceous or tawny as in the male. Whether

this difference is individual or really sexual more material

will be needed to decide.

: 6. Lutra mitis, Thos.

One female.

7. Tayra barbara, L.

One.

8. Sciurus estuans, L.

Four.

9. Nectomys squamitpes melanius, subsp. n.

Three.

Size and general characters as in true squamipes, the

Brazilian water-rat. Colour, however, distinctly darker, the

greater part of the dorsal area blackish brown, almost without

lighter tickings ; sides and hips dark broccoli-brown ; under

surface soiled greyish with buffy tips.

Skull rather smaller and molar series shorter than in

squamipes. Palatal foramina with a tendency to a median

constriction.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 244 mm. ; tail 200; hind foot (s. u.) 46;

ear 24,

186 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals from

Skull: greatest length 45; basilar length 36:2; zygo-

matic breadth 24; nasals 17°7; interorbital breadth 7-4;

palatilar length 20; palatal foramina 8°6; upper molar

series 6°2.

Hab. (of type). Lower Essequibo River, 12 miles from

mouth. Alt. 40 feet. Other specimens from Supinaam

River and from Surinam.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 6. 4. 8.32. Original num-

ber 60. Collected 10th March, 1906, by 8. B. Warren.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

This is the Guianan representative of the Brazilian water-

rat, VV. squamipes, but is distinguishable by its darker dorsal

colour and smaller skull and teeth.

The Trinidad form, NV. palmipes, is also nearly allied, but

its nasals are more abruptly narrowed posteriorly.

The three specimens in the present collection are of a more

rufous colour than the three obtained in 1906 by Mr. Warren,

but this would appear to be merely due to bleaching.

10. Oryzomys macconnelli, sp. n.

Fight. .

A large rich rufous species, apparently allied to O. inter-

medius.

Size comparatively Jarge. Fur rich and sleek ; hairs of

back about 12 mm.in length. General colour above bright

rich tawny or tawny ochraceous, darkened along the middle

area ofthe back. Sides clearer ‘tawny ochraceous.” Under

surface sharply defined white, the basal halves of the hairs

slaty. Head rather brownerthan back. Lars large, blackish

brown. Hands and feet silvery white. ‘Tail long, very

finely scaled, short-haired, brown above, dull white below.

Skull somewhat like that of O. intermedius. General

outline long and slender. Interorbital ridges well marked,

evenly divergent, but little overhanging. Palatal foramina

of medium length, slightly longer than the molar series.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body (c.) 145 mm.; tail 159; hind foot 35;

ear 24.

Skull: greatest length 36°3; basilar length 27:7; zygo-

matic breadth 17°3; nasals 14°6; interorbital breadth 5-7;

breadth of brain-case 13°7; palatilar length 16; diastema 9°8;

palatal foramina 6°1; length of upper molar series 5:3.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 10. 5. 4. 34.

This handsome species is readily distinguished from any of

the River Supinaam, Demerara. 187

its allies by its rich rufous colour. It is probably a Guianan

representative of the Brazilian O. intermedius, Leche, but is

more brightly coloured.

I have named it in honour of the donor of the collection,

Mr. F. V. McConnell, to whom the National Museum owes

not only this but many other valuable donations.

11. Oryzomys sp.

Four.

O. laticeps group.

12. Geomys guiane, sp. n.

Eight.

A large species, the hairs of the belly grey-based.

General characters very much as in G2. marmosurus. Size

rather less than in that species, the feet noticeably shorter,

Colour above between “ tawny ” and “ clay-colour,”’ distinctly

darker and more brownish than in @. marmosurus. Under

surface dull buffy whitish, the bases of the hairs, except just

on the chin and throat, slaty grey, even down the centre line

of the belly ; laterally the line of demarcation is sharper than

in marmosurus, less sharp than in tapajinus ; a dull buffy line

along the lower edge of the colour of the flanks. Hands and

feet pale brown, the fine hairs with a silvery gloss. Tail

uniform dark brown above and below, the hairy part at its

base less than in G7. marmosurus.

Skull and teeth as in G7. marmosurus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 115 mm.; tail 155; hind foot 26; ear 16.

Skull: greatest length 32°7; zygomatic breadth 17:7;

alatal foramina 5°7 ; upper molar series 4°9.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 10. 5. 4. 23.

‘Lhe three large species of Cicomys from N.E. South

America, @. marmosurus, tapajinus, and the present one, are

all very similar in size and cranial characters, but are distin-

guishable by the colour of the under surface. In (2. marmo-

surus this passes quite gradually into the colour of the sides,

without line of demarcation, and the hairs of the middle line

of chest and belly are white to their bases. In GQ. tapajinus

all the hairs below are completely white, except just along the

sides of the belly, and there is a very sharply defined lateral

line of demarcation. In @. gutane all the hairs below are

slate-based and the lateral line is of an intermediate degree

of definition.

188 On Mammals from the River Supinaam.

In the above characters the eight specimens are quite

uniform inter se, the only variation being in the general body-

colour, which varies considerably, though never so rich a

rufous as in GY, tapajinus or so pale as in GZ. marmosurus.

13. Neacomys guiane, Thos.

One.

14. Loneheres chrysurus, Zimm.

One.

It is unfortunate that the unsuitable name chrysurus, based

on the “ Lerot 4 queue dorée ” of Buffon, should antedate the

better known cristatus, but there can be no doubt as to its

technical applicability to this animal.

The only previous examples of this rare animal that the

Museum has received are one from Sir R. Schomburgk and

one from Dr. Bovallius. An example of the nearly allied

but smaller Z. paleacea, Lliger, of Para, has also been received

from the Para Museum.

15. Proechimys cayennensis, Desm.

Five.

16. Dasyprocta rubrata, Thos.

Three young.

17. Bradypus tridactylus, L.

One.

18. Cholepus didactylus, L.

Two.

19. Tamandua tetradactyla, L.

Three.

20. Cyclopes didactylus, L.

One.

21. Didelphis marsupialis, L.

Two.

22. Metachirus opossum, L.

One.

23. Metachirus nudicaudatus, Geoff.

One.

On Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 189

24. Caluromys philander, L.

One.

More or less intermediate between C. philander and

C. trinitatis, whose relations to each other are at present

difficult to make out, owing to the puzzling amount of

variability in the size of their skulls.

25. Marmosa chloe, Thos.

Three.

XIX.— Descriptions of new Heterocera from Costa Rica.

By W. Scuavs, F.Z.S.

Syntomidz.

Dasysphinz volatilis, sp. n.

Body black; two large white spots on collar; paired

white spots dorsally on abdomen, and a sublateral row of

white spots. Legs with a white spot at joint of tibia and

tarsi, the latter streaked with white. Wings hyaline; veins

and fringe black. Fore wings: broad terminal whitish

streaks between the veins; basal half tinged with reddish

orange, darkest on costa, inner margin, and base above sub-

median; the discocellular inwardly shaded with black.

Hind wings: a black point at angle of discocellular; the

inner margin broadly black.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Volcano Poas; June.

Episcepsis vinasia, sp. n.

Palpi and legs fuscous black streaked with grey. Frons

blackish grey ; head posteriorly ochreous. Collar and thorax

fuscous black, the former edged in front with ochreous, and

with a sublateral ochreous spot. Abdomen metallic blue

above, with dorsal fuscous-black hairs; underneath white ;

fore cox ochreous. Primaries fuscous black, the veins

greyish. Secondaries deep bluish black; a broad white

streak from base in and below cell; a white streak along

inner margin in male partly concealed by buff tufts.

Expanse 42 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola River.

190 Mr. W. Schaus on

Episcepsis gnomoides, sp. 0.

@. Palpi black, white on first segment. Head black;

two white points in front; two red spots behind. Legs

fuscous black; fore coxe white. Collar and thorax fuscous

black ; a red spot below tegula. Abdomen blue above with

basal subdorsal black tufts ; underneath ventral white spots

on first three segments. Fore wings dark violaceous brown,

the veins, a streak in cell, and one in submedian interspace

black. Hind wings deep black ; a slightly hyaline streak in

cell, below it aud just beyond it.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Sixola River. :

Allied to £. gnoma, Butler, but the veins black instead of

being pale.

Episcepsis redunda, sp. n.

Body fuscous brown; two crimson spots on back of head,

and a red spot laterally below tegula; fore cox crimson.

Abdomen brilliant blue dorsally on last segments ; underneath

with ventral white patches. Primaries fuscous brown, con-

colorous. Secondaries fuscous black, whitish hyaline below

cell and slightly within it, also near cell between veins 2 and

4; underneath with a broad white streak from base to near

outer margin.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Banana River, Sixola, Tuis.

Also in Nat. Mus., Washington, from Trinidad, Peru,

French and British Guiana, Aroa, Venezuela, Santa Rosa,

Jalapa, Mexico.

Episcepsis sivola, sp. n.

Palpi and legs brown-black. Palpi with a white spot on

first segment. White spots at base and end of coxe; fore

cox streaked with white in male, with roseate in female.

Collar and thorax brown-black, the former with dorsal and

lateral red spots. Abdomen dull blue-black, underneath with

two rows of white spots. Primaries brown-black, the veins

still darker; a vague subterminal broad darker shade.

Secondaries black ; a short white streak in cell, and a large

white patch at base of inner margin; some white scales

beyond cell between veins 2 and 5.

Expanse, ¢ 34, ? 37 mm.

Hab. g,Sixola River; 2, Juan Vinas.

Episcepsis capysca, sp. n.

¢. Legs and palpi dark grey streaked with white; fore

HHeterocera from Costa Rica. 191

coxe with white streak. Head ochreous spotted with

black; the frona blackish with a few white scales. Collar

brown-black, with some ochreous shading in front and

laterally. Thorax brownish black; a grey line on patagia.

Abdomen blue-black; a ventral row of white spots. Primaries

dark olive-brown ; the veins and a streak in cell and one

below it grey ; the apex broadly snowy-white. Secondaries

bluish black ; a semihyaline streak below cell, slightly in it,

and also beyond it shortly.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Costa Rica,

Bears a strong resemblance to Patreliura capys, Cr.

Aclytia albistriga, sp. n.

Head and thorax black; white streaks on frons and

patagia ; the first joint of palpi, spots on head behind, and

tegula outwardly ochreous. Abdomen blue above, white

underneath. Coxe white. Legs fuscous streaked with

white. Fore wings black ; the base of subcostal and sub-

median veins tinged with grey; some light blue scales at

base of inner margin; an oblique white streak across disco-

cellular from subcostal vein to near tornus. Hind wings

blue-black ; a broad hyaline streak below cell ; a short streak

in end of cell, and a patch between veins 2 and 3; a short

streak at base of inner margin.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Agyria vitrea, sp. n.

Palpi black streaked with white; the first joint and neck

crimson. Frons black with lateral white streaks; back of

head red and black. ‘Thorax and abdomen above dark blue

with subdorsal white streak; a lateral black line; venter

and coxe white. Legs fuscous streaked with white. Fore

wings black shot with dark blue; a light blue basal streak

above submedian; a portion of cell, a space between veins 2

and 3, and a broad streak below cell and vein 2 to near outer

margin hyaline; a postmedial band from vein 8 to vein 3

near termen, white, semilyaline. Hind wings hyaline ; the

veins and margins broadly black shot with blue, brightest on

costal margin and at tornus. Fringe white at apex and

tornus.

Expanse 39 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

192 Mr. W. Schaus on

Eucereon consorta, sp. n.

Palpi black, the tips of each joint with a white sspot.

Head white. Collar black, with a large creamy spot on each

tegula. Thorax white; a black spot posteriorly ; a black

spot on patagia in front. Abdomen dorsally orange with

a large black patch extending on next to last segment,

anal segment black; sublateral row of black spots; under-

neath white, the last two segments black. Legs black, with

white rings at joints; fore coxe black, other coxe white.

Primaries creamy-white; five irregular black patches on

costal margin; the first extending to inner margin and

enclosing a small white spot at base; the second reaching

the median vein, on which are two black points preceding

and following this spot ; the third crossing cell, and extending

between veins 3-5; the fourth reaching vein 5; the fifth

much smaller, nearly touching vein 7; an irregular black

space on inner margin from base to middle, followed by a

small spot surmounted by a black point, an irregular large

black mark at tornus ; some black terminal spots. Secondaries

fuscous, slightly hyaline on more than basal half and towards

tornus.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, and other localities.

Eucereon xanthura, sp. n.

¢. Palpi fuscous. Head black; two orange spots

posteriorly. Collar dark grey. Thorax white streaked with

grey. Abdomen above black, the dorsal basal hairs tinged

with brown; the last segment orange above; underneath

with two white bands crossed by black lines ; the last two

segments below black. Legs grey, streaked with white.

Fore wings whitish tinged with pale ochreous at base; the

veins black; an antemedial black line angled outwards in

cell and submedian interspace, and inwards on median

nervure ; a postmedial shade from vein 4 to middle of inner

margin; a strongly dentate irregular subterminal line,

broadest near apex and tornus ; an apical black spot, another

terminally at vein 2; diffuse black shades on costa at origin

of lines ; the veins slightly thickened when crossed by lines.

Secondaries whitish, the outer margin fuscous.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas.

In Nat. Mus., Washington, from Mexico, Venezuela, and

Petropolis, Brazil.

Allied to 2. leucophaum, Wik., but differs in markings of

head and thorax.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. _ 193

Eucereon decorum, sp. n.

Body fuscous ; broad white streaks on thorax and patagia ;

first segment of palpi, a spot under eyes laterally, the back

of lead, a spot at origin of costa and the two terminal seg-

ments orange; two rows of white ventral spots becoming

sublateral towards last segment; legs streaked with grey.

Fore wings light brown to postmedial line, then whitish ;

the veins and a streak from near base of median vein to

upper angle of cell, and one below submedian, black ; the

antemedial fuscous line angled in cell; the postmedial forming

two curves outwardly from costa to vein 3, then incurved to

middle of inner margin; a thick fuscous subterminal and

irregular shade; veins 6, 7, and 8 terminally more broadly

black. Hind wings fuscous, the discal area whitish, less so

in the female.

Expanse, g 42, 9 49 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas, Guapiles.

Eucereon cimonis, sp. n.

Palpi fuscous, the first joint yellowish. Head dark grey ;

paired yellow spots on frons and vertex, and the same colour

below eyes, and asimilar lateral streak below tegula. Thorax

olive-brown streaked with black; two greyish tufts posteriorly.

Abdomen above crimson, except black terminal segment,

and a large dorsal black tuft on first three segments, then

subdorsal black points on other segments; a broad black

lateral band ; venter, except last segments and coxe, salmon-

pink; legs fuscous grey shaded with white. Fore wings

roseate grey; the veins and a streak in cell light olive-

brown; the markings black; four small spots on costa;

three paired spots in cell, the antemedial very small, the

medial large, the others at end of cell more widely apart ;

two large spots close beyond discocellular followed by two

smaller spots ; an oblique broad mark at base of inner margin,

followed by a streak ; a streak and two small spots below

median, below this a long streak, and three spots between

this and submedian, the last surmounted by a spot above the

long streak, and with one below it on inner margin coalescing

with the basal streak ; a large round spot between 2 and 3,

and smaller ones between 3 and 5; an outer row of elongated

spots between all the veins, broken between veins 3 and 5

into a pair and transverse streak ; a marginal row of large

oval spots, and terminal spots on veins. Hind wings fuscous

hyaline, the veins and outer margin broadly darker.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 13

194 Mr. W. Schaus on

Expanse 43 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Also in Nat. Mus. from Aroa, Venezuela, and Paramba,

Ecuador.

Eucereon tessellatum, sp. n.

?. Palpi fuscous, with grey spots on first and end of

second segment. Head dark grey; a black spot between

antenne ; neck, a lateral streak below tegule and two spots

head behind, salmon-pink. ‘Thorax dark grey streaked

with black. Abdomen above crimson ; a basal patch followed

by black points, a lateral band and terminal segment black ;

venter and coxe salmon-pink. Legs fuscous streaked with

grey. Fore wings lilacine grey, the veins concolorous ; the

spots black; some basal spots and streaks; an antemedial

row of spots followed by an elongated pair in cell; four

medial spots below cell, the smallest between 2 and 3; two

spots at end of cell, followed by large spots, the one on ‘costa

elongated, a small one below it, a large one between 5 and 6;

two “elongated between 3 and 5, and a large one between 2

and 3; an outer row of small spots, the one between veins

2 and 3 much larger, then incurved and elongated to inner

margin; large elongated subterminal spots from vein 5 to

costa; a row of Jarge oval marginal spots, and terminal black

spots on veins. Hind wings fuscous hyaline, the veins and

outer margin broadly darker.

Expanse 38 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

This species resembles L. golum, Hmps., but is much larger.

Eucereon zephyrum, sp. n.

Legs and palpi grey streaked with white. Head grey ;

streak between and basal joint of antenne white; back of

head and neck yellow. Thorax white streaked with grey.

Abdomen above yellow, next to last segment and a subdorsal

streak grey ; underneath grey ; two bands and anal segment

white. Primaries white; the veins, transverse lines and a

streak in cell, and submedian interspace grey ; the antemedial

dentate ; the postmedial wavy, incurved below vein 3 to

middle of inner margin ; from vein 3 to tornus some heavier

grey markings; discocellular also more heavily marked ;

beyond the postmedial a conspicuous white space from costa

to tornus has the veins also white; a subterminal broad grey

shade from vein 5 to costa; the marginal area suffused with

Ieterocera from Costa Rica, 195

grey above vein 3. Hind wings white, semihyaline, iri-

descent ; the apex and outer margin narrowly suffused with

fuscous.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eucereon venosa, sp. n.

Body fuscous ; frons whitish; two orange spots on head

behind ; an orange lateral streak below tegule ; an orange

streak on patagia; basal half of venter white; white streaks

on legs. lore wings whitish; the veins and streak in cell

and submedian interspace broadly grey, except on a large

round white spot beyond the cell; basal half of costal margin

and inner margin tinged with orange; a large darker grey

suffusion at end of cell and beyond the white spot, this

narrowing and forming an indistinct subterminal line.

Secondaries whitish fuscous at base becoming darker on

outer margin.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Eucereon tenellulum, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax fuscous grey. Legs

fuscous grey streaked with white; two ochreous spots on

head; an ochreous streak on patagia. Abdomen fuscous

black; the subdorsal basal tufts light brown; the anus

ochreous; the first three segments of venter white. Fore

wings greyish; antemedial pale ochreous streaks on costal

and subcostal veins, and two in cell separated by a long

blackish streak, also below median at base, at end of median

and commencement of veins 3, 4, and 5, longer streaks above

and below submedian; a medial darker shade from costa into

cell; a broad postmedial shade, irregular, cut by veins and

blackish below vein 2, this followed by a whitish shade

broadest at costa to vein 5; a subterminal dark shade

widest at costa and at tornus; the outer margin whitish with

large terminal dark spots, except veins 2 and 3. Hind wings

whitish, the outer margin broadly fuscous.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Hyaleucerea morosa, sp. n.

¢. Body dull greyish black; the abdomen dorsally on

terminal half deep blue-black ; head behind and a spot

13*

196 Mr. W. Scliaus on

laterally below eye dark red. Fore wings greyish black, the

veins, a streak in cell and one below cell black; a large

medial black shade from cell to inner margin ; a subterminal

black shade, broadest at tornus and between veins 5 and 6;

a small spot at base of inner margin tinged with dark blue.

Hind wings blue-black ; a faint hyaline streak in and below

cell.

Expanse 43 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Hyaleucerea sororia, sp. n.

Body black; a lateral white streak on frons and below

eyes; two orange spots on head behind; an orange streak on

patagia ; anal segments orange; first three segments of venter

white; legs streaked with white. Fore wings black, an

ochreous streak on basal half of costa and along inner margin;

two whitish streaks in cell; two streaks below cell, the lower

one basally ochreous ; intervenal streaks on outer part of wing

below vein 5, whitish, partly shaded with ochreous; a large

black space on costa and about end of cell, with diffuse

blackish shade to middle of inner margin; a white spot be-

tween veins 5 and 8; the apex blackish with a faint ochreous

streak on costa; a small terminal white shade between veins

5 and 6. Hind wings fuscous white, the veins and outer

margin black.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Allied to H. costinotata, Dogn.

Arctiide.

Idalus pauperis, sp. n.

3. Body ochraceous. Palpi, legs, and fore coxe slaty

black ; last three segments of abdomen above black; a row

of black sublateral spots.

The female has the last six segments of abdomen above

black and a broad lateral black band from base; underneath

only the last two segments are black in both sexes, Primaries

ochraceous. Secondaries more yellow in tint. —

Expanse, g 31, 2 29 mm.

flab. Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Pheomolis mera, sp. n.

8. Palpi grey, with white spots on first and second seg-

ments, Antenne grey. Head yellow, some grey on frons.

Tleterocera from Custa Rica. 197

Collar and thorax grey streaked with white. Abdomen above

dark grey, with a white subdorsal line; the last three seg-

ments yellow; anus grey; underneath white, the legs streaked

with grey. Primaries light grey with darker grey intervenal

streaks and veins; two large white semihyaline postmedial

spots between veins 3 and 5; terminal white spots on veins.

Secondaries grey streaked with dark grey ; the costal margin

whitish with a reddish-brown spot of audroconia.

Expanse 46 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Prumala tessellata, sp. n.

3. Palpi dark brown. Head pale green. Collar and

patagia pale green, subdorsally dark brown. Abdomen

yellowish, with a large blackish dorsal space extending

laterally at base; black transverse lines on yellow portion,

especially on last segment. Legs dark grey; fore cox

orange with a black spot. Primaries pale green with large

dark brown spots, one at base not reaching inner margin;

antemedial spots from costa to submedian, below which is a

short streak; a large spot above discocellular containing a

green point; two dark dots close to cell between veins 3 and

5; a broad postmedial band of irregular spots coalescing,

except at veins 2 and 4; a small apical spot; a marginal

row of small narrow elliptical spots. Secondaries pale buff ;

black hairs at base and along inner margin; a quadrate

blackish spot at end of cell; a large dark spot below apex

on outer margin, and a still larger one near anal angle.

Expanse 41 mm.

Hab. Cartago, El Sitio.

Prumala herbosa, sp. n.

g. Palpi and tarsi brown. Legs light green. Body light

green, the abdomen dorsally red ; some brown and red around

eyes; fore coxe partly brown; patagia subdorsally edged

with brown. Primaries light green with brownish markings ;

a small medial spot in cell; the discocellular finely, and a

spot above it; a larger antemedial spot crossing cell and

contiguous to a large circular mark below cell, which has its

edges irregular and extends along vein 2 and submedian to a

postmedial irregular band from costa to inner angle; this

band is crossed by short darker dashes on veins; a marginal

row of small intervenal spots. Secondaries whitish tinged

with green ; the inner margin roseate ; a large brownish spot

at anal angle, and a small spot near apex. Some males have

198 Mr. W. Schaus on

the markings much less developed, the fore cox, patagia,

and discocellular green ; the postmedial band reduced to a

line.

The female has a spot and a point in cell ; sometimes a

spot below cell; the postmedial consisting of a row of spots

or points, more conspicuous at inner angle and between veins

5 and 6.

Expanse, ¢ 42-44, 9 48 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas and El Sitio.

Prumala muscosa, sp. 1.

Head green, edged with black posteriorly ; underneath and

palpi black. Tegule and thorax green, the tegule and

patagia dorsally edged with black. Abdomen black above,

yellowish buff below ; a lateral row of small black spots ;

anal hairs and basal segments buff above. Legs blackish,

partly streaked with grey. Primaries light green, markings

black ; some spots at base; black medial spot-in cell and on

costa; an inwardly curved series of elongated spots from end

of cell to inner margin near base; a postmedial row of

sagittate spots; marginal quadrate spots between the veins.

Secondaries black, thinly scaled on costal half, and tinged

with yellowish buff, especially at tips of veins 2, 3, 5, and 6.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Evius cochenourt, sp. 0.

Palpi crimson, fringed in front with dark grey. Head and

thorax yellow ; some dark grey and crimson laterally. Ab-

domen crimson above. Body underneath white; fore coxe

crimson ; fore legs streaked with crimson. Primaries dark

fuscous grey, lrrorated with ciimson; the outer margin and

apex broadly yellow, the two colours separated by a slightly

irregular, inwardly curved, crimson line; the costa finely

white to beyond middle, with a darker grey streak below it,

and a crimson streak on subcostal vein; a crimson spot at

base of inner margin ; costa crimson towards apex; a sub-

terminal grey spot between veins 5 and 6. Secondaries

yellowish white suffused with crimson.

‘The female has the crimson line dividing the colours more

deeply incurved at cell, and there is a second grey spot sub-

terminally below vein 5.

Expanse, ¢ 37, ? 44 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, E] Sitio.

‘This species has veins 3 and 5 on secondaries coincident.

It is named after Mr. Cochenour, of Juan Vinas, at whose

house I took my first specimen.

Tleterocera from Costa Rica, 199

Automolis atenia, sp. n.

¢. Palpi yellow on first segment, otherwise black. Head

orange ; a bluish-black spot on frons and vertex. ‘Tegule

orange, outwardly black, and with a broad subdorsal black

streak. ‘Thorax black shaded with dark blue; patagia

dorsally orange, outwardly black. Abdomen black ; subdorsal

blue spots; lateral and sublateral blue spots, and sometimes

there is a row of small yellow lateral spots and the basal

yellow tufts are placed more dorsally ; venter with trans-

verse orange bands on basal half. Legs black ; tibie streaked

with grey. Primaries black; costa from base to beyond

middle finely orange ; a deep yellow streak from near base

of inner margin to outer margin between veins 5 and 6.

Secondaries: the costal half deep yellow to near apex; the

posterior portion black.

Exyjanse 36 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Two specimens have the palpi fringed with yellow, and

the fringe on the outer margin of primaries is also yellow,

but I do not corisider them distinct. ‘his species is figured

in the ‘ Novitates’ for 1909, pl. vi. fig. 36, as Automolis

collateralis, Hamps., which is quite another species.

Automolis maura, sp. 0.

-S. Palpi black. Frons black, shaded with metallic blue.

Vertex orange, with a blue and black spot. Collar orange,

with a large black. central spot. ‘Vhorax black shot with

blue; patagia orange, outwardly black. Abdomen black ;

blue subdorsal spots on last three segments; blue hairs on

anus; lateral and sublateral blue spots; ventral transverse

blue streaks on first two segments. Legs black; fore coxa

blue; blue streaks on tibia. Wings black. Primaries: an

orange streak on basal half of costa; an orange band from

near base of inner margin to near termen between veins 6

and 7, where it expands slightly, its front margin somewhat

uneven ; fringe grey-black. Secondaries: the costa broadly

orange; underneath the base of secondaries is either black or

with one or two black streaks. Some males have small

paiied orange spots ventrally on second and third segments.

‘The females all seem to have the orange ventral spots and

also a lateral small orange spot near the base.

Expanse, ¢ 39, 2? 44 mm.

Hab, Sitio, Juan Vinas.

Allied to A. pratt’, Druce, but the band on primaries

much narrower.

200 Mr. W. Schaus on

Automolis guapisa, sp. n.

Palpi black, the joints tipped with orange. Frons blue.

Vertex orange, with a large black and blue spot. Thorax

black. Tegule and patagia orange outwardly edged with

black, and a subdorsal black spot on tegule. Legs black

partly streaked with orange; tarsi orange. Abdomen black,

with subdorsal blue spots posteriorly ; blue lateral and sub-

lateral spots with two paired orange spots near base, the first

two lateral and sublateral sometimes coalescing ; broad orange

ventral spots on basal half of abdomen. Primaries dark

purplish brown; the veins yellow; a fuscous streak in cell,

and one below vein 2; an orange streak on base of costal

margin; an orange streak from near base of inner margin

tapering to beyond cell, interrupted and followed by an orange

spot between veins 5 and 6; this streak is entire in one

specimen. Secondaries black; a broad orange costal fascia

not reaching apex.

Expanse 44 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Automolis tutsana, sp. n.

g. Antenne pectinated. Palpi white, with some grey in

front ; tips black and grey; laterally black. Some black

around eyes and across frons. Vertex white; some pale

ochreous hairs. ‘Thorax white shaded with ochreous; two

black subdorsal spots posteriorly. Legs white; the fore and

hind tibiz streaked with black. Abdomen crimson above; a

row of small white subdorsal spots; anus and underneath

pure white. Primaries: the basal half from eosta to vein 3,

and below this more extensively to near inner angle, light

brown, with intervenal and discal black streaks; some white

at base of inner margin; outer portion of wing white, thinly

scaled; the costa finely brown; a black spot between veins 5

and 6. Secondaries white shaded with roseate, especially on

inner area.

Expanse 43 mm.

Hab. 'Tuis.

Automolis aletis, sp. n.

Palpi white below, black above. Head white, tinged with

yellow on vertex. Collar white, tinged with yellow. Thorax

white; small black paired spots in front and behind, the

front pair with a yellowish spot anteriorly; patagia tinged

with yellow and roseate. Abdomen white, dorsally crimson

except at base and terminal segment ; small white subbasal

Tleterocera frum Costa Rica. 201

spots. Legs white, partly streaked with black ; fore coxe

tinged with yellow. Primaries white; the costa finely

black, and blackish streaks postmedially ; two antemedial

black spots below cell ; two black streaks at end of cell,

followed by black spots between the veins close to cell; two

long medial black streaks below vein 2, and one below sub-

median ; a subterminal black streak between veins 5 and 6.

Secondaries white; the inner margin broadly roseate.

Expanse 38 mm.

Hab, Sixola River.

Near Aut, aleteria, Schs.

Automolis vinasia, sp. n.

Palpi, head, and collar white and grey. Thorax pale

yellow ; patagia dark lilacine grey, with two white spots.

Abdomen above crimson; anal segment and underneath

white. Legs white. Primaries deep lilacine grey to beyond

cell, darkest along costal and inner margin and to outer

margin below vein 3; a short yellow streak in cell; a

whitish dot and streak at base; white fringe on inner margin

and a white streak below cell; an oblique row of deeply

lunular small whitish marks from below vein 4 to inner

margin towards base; a white streak on costa beyond

middle ; apex and outer margin above vein 3 yellow; a

small yellow terminal streak below vein 3; vein 4 dark grey,

the veins above this ochreous. Secondaries dark lilacine

grey ; cell and costal margin yellowish white: below yel-

Jowish white suffused with dark yellow at base; a dark grey

streak along costa and on inner margin ; a round dark spot

at end of cell.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Automolis taniala, sp. n.

Palpi black. Head black ; metallic-blue spots on frons

and vertex ; orange at base of antennze and two orange spots

behind. Collar orange, black subdorsally and _ laterally.

Thorax black, shaded with metallic-blue posteriorly ; patagia

orange edged with black. Abdomen black above ; metallic-

blue subdorsal spots on last three segments ; blue anal tufts ;

lateral and sublateral blue spots; paired orange spots ven-

trally on first two segments. Legs black ; fore coxe blue.

Primaries orange; front of costa finely black ; some black at

base; outer margin from middle of inner margin broadly

black, shading to greyish black on fringe. Secondaries

202 Mr. W. Schaus on

black, the costal margin broadly orange. Underneath, the

costa of secondaries is more broadly orange and there is an

orange streak along inner margin, also a fine black subcostal

streak, or the base of the costa is black as in the female.

Expanse, ¢ 38, ¢ 42 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Allied to A. latania, Dr.

Automolis excavata, sp. n.

9. Body and legs light roseate brown. Abdomen above

more deeply tinged with roseate; underneath whitish,

Primaries light brown, slightly excavated between apex and

vein 5, more deeply below vein 5; a white spot near base

above submedian vein; an antemedial and a medial row of

spots below cell, indistinct, faintly yellowish, edged with red ;

a similar spot at end of cell; two large hyaline subterminal

spots above and below vein 4; terminal lunular yellowish

spots between veins 2 and 5; a terminal whitish spot between

6 and 7, and a faint terminal yellowish spot above and

below it.

Expanse 55 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Melese monima, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, and thorax red ; the patagia edged with

greyish brown. Abdomen reddish above, tinged with ochreous

below. Legs streaked with grey. Primaries ochreous red

irrorated with black, chiefly along costa, at end of cell, and

on outer margin below vein 4; a small white semihyaline

spot just beyond cell between veins 5 and 6; a small spot in

cell and thee rows of larger irregular spots below cell, ochreous

edged with red. Secondaries creamy, semitransparent, very

faintly tinged with roseate on inner margin.

Female with a large spot beyond cell reaching costal vein ;

the apex darker. Secondaries semihyaline rose-colour,

Expanse, ¢ 36, ? 42 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Bertholdia crocea, sp. n.

Palpi white, with lateral brown spots. Legs brown and

white ; tarsi white. Head and thorax violaceous brown; the

tegule edged with white. Abdomen red above, white below ;

anal hairs white; a lateral row of black spots. Pectus white.

Primaries saffron-brown, paler along inner margin and about

angle; a white spot on submedian vein at one-third from

Tleterocera JSrom Costa Rica. 203

base ; the hyaline patch with black points on veins ; the outer

margin dark brown from angle to vein 3, then paler and

mottled with grey, preceded above vein 4 by a whitish shade

and between veins 5 and 7 by darker Lrown. Secondaries

white, the inner margin suffused with roseate. Underneath,

primaries white, a roseate patch in cell ; outer margin dull

brown above vein 3. Secondaries: a single dark streak at

base of costa and crimson hairs at base of both wings.

Ixpanse, ¢ 41, 2? 47 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

‘This species is Ab. I. of B. myosticta, Hamps. Typical

myosticta has a geminate black streak at base of secondaries

below, a character I have not found in any other species of

the genus.

Bertholdia fumida, sp. n.

Altogether darker than B. crocea, Schs., the female espe-

cially being a dark smoky grey and having a black subdorsal

spot on the last segment of the abdomen. The primaries

below are entirely dark smoky grey, with only a trace of

whitish above the inner angle in the male. Secondaries

white, with very little crimson at base of inner margin, which

is broadly suffused with smoky black, which in the female

extends around the outer margin. ‘lhe female with a dark

point at end of cell.

Expanse, ¢ 42, 2? 47 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Noctuidae.

Elaognatha troctopera, sp. n.

Palpi grey irrorated with brown; a dark brown lateral

streak on second segment. Head and thorax brown. Abdo-

men dark grey above, whitish grey underneath. Primaries

silvery grey shaded with brown; an indistinct wavy. ante-

medial brown shade, outwardly slightly oblique from costa ;

a large dark brown median shade on costa extending to just

belew cell and containing a black streak above cell and one

in it, the latter interrupted by a small paler brown spot ;

discocellular vein buff edged with white ; an irregular dark

wavy brown postmedial line, somewhat angled beyond cell and

much broken below it, shaded on either side with buff; a

subterminal wavy white shade forming a large lunule between

veins 5 and 2, and below vein 2 perpendicular to angle ;

blackish terminal spots between the veins ; fringe brownish

204 Mr. W. Schaus on

buff. Underneath with a long streak of androconia in cell ;

the subcostal with a long fringe of hairs. Secondaries dark

brown, the costal and inner margins brownish grey; the

ou'er margin excavated below angle.

Expanse 38 mm.

Hab. Carillo; January.

Eleognatha argentea, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and legs light grey, irrorated thinly with

dark scales; hind tarsi and second joint of palpi streaked

with dark brown. Abdomen brownish grey. Primaries light

grey, strongly shot with silver from base to postmedial line,

which is fine, irregular, incurved, and dentate below cell to

midd'e of inner margin; a broad whiter shade from base of

costa to postmedial line below cell; a small, round, velvety

brown spot circled with buff in cell, and a silvery-white spot

on discocellular ; faint brownish medial and apical shades on

costa; an irregular subterminal whitish shade ; terminal dark

spots, Jargest at inner angle. Underneath with a streak of

androconia in cell. Secondaries brownish grey, somewhat

metallic ; fringe white.

Eixpanse 46 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas; Feb., June.

Lophosema purpurascens, sp. n.

Legs and palpi buff. Head, collar, and thorax grey ; the

collar laterally brown, separated from the grey by a dark

line; patagia inwardly shaded with brown. Abdomen

greyish brown. Primaries violaceous brown, with numerous

fine dark grey striz; a little grey and buff at base ; the base

of inner margin finely black, followed by a grey shade,

medially edged above by a short black line; the orbicular

and reniform consisting of fine geminate circles of a paler

tinge, the latter containing a blackish spot, and below is

another small black spot on vein 2; the postmedial very

indistinct, oblique from costa, deeply dentate beyond cell and

below vein 2, followed by two dark brown streaks beyond

cell; a faint, subterminal, irregular, whitish line, and a

terminal dark brown line inwardly edged by a whitish line.

Secondaries somewhat hyaline at base, shading to dark

brownish grey outwardly; the veins dark grey ; some dark

brown and whitish scales at anal angle.

Expanse 43 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; June.

Tleterocera from Costa Rica, 205

Casandria leucopis, sp. n.

Head and thorax whitish grey, with scattered black scales

and some paler reddish-brown shadings. Abdomen greyish,

with subdorsal reddish-brown shades and black irrorations,

chiefly ventrally. Primaries grey irrorated with black ;

faint subbasal and antemedial black lines; reniform round,

whitish, circled finely with black ; a postmedial paler

brownish line, separated from veins 4-8 by a fine, nearly

straight, black line; a subterminal row of smoky black

cuneiform spots, partly shaded with white; the outer margin

shaded with pale reddish brown; a terminal black line.

Secondaries white, somewhat hyaline; the outer margin

finely blackish grey, extending a little above the veins.

Expanse 24-28 mm.

Hab. Abangarez Mines; July.

Casandria chlorotica, sp. n.

Body brownish buff, slightly irrorated with black; a

transverse blackish line on collar anteriorly. Primaries light

brown ; a fine black line at base of subcostal, forming a long

curve in cell, then wavy to inner margin, resting on this on

costa is an annular black line containing a dark point; a

large, annular, fine black line at end of cell, within which is

the reniform, indistinct, whitish, with a reddish-brown spot

beyond it but within the circle; a fine smoky shade beyond

the cell and dentate to middle of inner margin, closely

followed by the postmedial line, which is fine, black, lunular ;

this is tollowed by an indistinct reddish-brown shade ; a sub-

marginal geminate row of blackish spots, the inner row rather

larger and sagittate ; a terminal row of small black spots ;

four postmedial black points on costa. Secondaries greyish

white, the outer margin broadly smoky black; the veins

dark; the fringe pale buff.

Expanse 34 min.

Hab. Juan Vinas; Feb., May. Poas; May.

Casandria arcuata, sp. n.

3. Costa of primaries much arched. Body brown; a

pair of black spots dorsally on segment before last. Pri-

maties silky brown, the lines darker, very indistinct ; the

antemedial wavy; the medial curved around cell to middle

of inner margin; the postmedial dentate to inner margin near

angle ; indistinct subterminal spots and fine terminal black

pots between the veins; a black point at end of ceil.

206 Mr. W. Schaus on

Secondaiies silky brown, palest at base ; a smoky black

streak on discocellular.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab, Guapiles ; November.

Hypside.

Hyalurga sixola, sp. n.

Palpi, head, and collar black spotted with white. Thorax

white with a central black line; patagia streaked with

ochreous. Abdomen above with the first and last segments

white, otherwise ochreous with a dorsal black streak shaded

with white on either side, and a broader black lateral streak ;

below greyish with transverse white lines; the legs greyish,

partly streaked with ochreous and black ; tarsi black. Wings

whitish semihyaline. Primaries: the veins black ; costal,

outer margin, and outer half of inner margin narrowly

ochreous ; the costa finely black and shaded with black along

subcostal vein; a black streak from base along submedian,

curving at tornus to discocellular, which is also black; some

white on basal half of inner margin, and a terminal fine white

shade; fringe black and grey ; below the margins are black

with an ochreous streak on costa from base to near middle,

and some ochreous at tornus. Secondaries white, the fringe

black.

Expanse, ¢, 44 mm.

Hab. Sixola River, March and September. In B. M. from

Mexico.

This species in the ‘ Biologia’

is referred to as H. uria, Btl.

Hyalurga urtoides, sp. n.

Palpi black streaked with white. Head and tegule black

spotted with white. Thorax whitish with a central black

line ; patagia ochreous, dorsally shaded with black. Abdo-

above dark grey, witha dorsal black line; laterally and below

white with a ventral black band. Legs white streaked with

black. Wings white, semihyaline. Primaries: the margins

ochreous, edged inwardly and outwardly with black; veins

black ; a black spot at end of cell, which is also reached by a

curved black line from tornus; below the margins are black

with an ochreous streak at base and some ochreous at tornus.

Secondaries: the outer margin black, containing an orange

streak from anal angle to vein 4.

Expanse, ¢,50 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Sixola, Juan Vinas.

Likewise referred to H. uria, Btl., in the ‘ Biologia.’

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 207

Centronia druce/, sp. n.

Palpi and legs black streaked with white. Frons and

vertex metallic blue; white spots around eyes. ‘legule

metallic blue edged with dark brown. Thorax blue streaked

with brown; patagia dark brown. Abdomen metallic blue

above, crimson underneath, banded with black and white.

Primaries dark brown ; a broad white band from middle of

costa to tornus, where it is slightly narrower than on costa

and preceded by a crimson spot on costa, and one partly

below it at toruus; fringe whitish at apex and at tornus.

Secondaries deep blue-black, shot with metallic blue at base,

broadly along median vein and narrowly along inner margin ;

a large red spot on costal margin just beyond middle; a

white spot beyond cell between veins 5 and 6, a smaller one

below it and a few whitish scales below this; fringe white

except from veins 3-6, where it is black. Below the wings

are black shot with brilliant light metallic blue at base of

primaries and on basal half of secondaries ; the white more

conspicuous at apices, and on secondaries the white spots are

more numerous, forming a curved series towards the inner

angle.

Expanse, ¢, 63 mm.

Hab. El Sitio, Juan Vinas, Tuis, Tres Rios.

This is the species figured in the ‘ Biologia’ as Euecycane

excellens, Walk.

Centronia reedia, sp. n.

Legs and palpi black streaked with white. Head and

thorax metallic blue ; some white spots around eyes ; patagia

edged with dark brown. Abdomen blue above, crimson

below banded with black, edged with a few whitish scales,

Primaries brown-black above ; a broad white band from just

beyond middle of costa to tornus, widening beyond cell and

then narrowing to tornus, preceded by a red spot on costa

and a smaller one at tornus; fringe white at apex and at

tornus. Secondaries blue-black shot with brighter blue ; a

broad white band trom costal margin to vein 3, preceded on

costa by a small red spot; fringe white except at middle of

outer margin. Below the white is more extensive ; apices

white ; a white spot near anal angle.

Expanse, g, 61 mm.

Hab. Guapiles, Juan Vinas, Tuis, Carillo.

Named atter Mrs. W. Reed, of whose hospitality at

Guapiles I have the pleasantest recollections.

‘Lhis species is easily distinguished from C. druce/) Selis.,

208 Mr. W. Schaus on

by the white band on hind wings, which starts at vein 8,

whereas in drucei the spots are all below vein 6.

Pericopis fortis, sp. n.

S$. Head, tegule, and thorax black; a large creamy

yellow spot anteriorly on patagia. Abdomen red above; a

subdorsal and a lateral black streak ; a transverse black streak

on last segment; underneath yellowish. Primaries dark

brown ; a semihyaline postmedial space irrorated with brown,

broad on costa to below subcostal, narrowing at tornus ; this

space is outwardly angled between veins 4 and 5, and contains

a large brown spot outwardly edged with yellowish at end of

cell, and a brownish streak extending upwards from tornus ;

a small red spot at base of costa, and below it a yellowish

spot and short streak ; underneath there is a red streak at

base of costa, and reddish-brown suffusions above the discal

spot, and subterminally from the costa to vein 2, also some

indistinct marginal whitish spots. Secondaries semihyaline,

the veins black; the costal margin brown, with a reddish

streak below vein 7 in cell; the inner margin ochreous

clothed with long dark brown hairs; a broad subterminal

ochreous band inwardly edged with black ; the outer margin

black, inwardly dentate, and containing a row of small white

spots. Underneath the inner and costal margins, also the

subterminal shade, are more of a reddish tinge.

Expanse 79 mm.

The 2 has the semihyaline space more opaque and

forming more of a curve on its inner side ; it is distinctly

yellowish irrorated with brown, and the brown shade above

tornus is more distinct, bifurcating below discal spot. The

secondaries are ochreous, and the veins only black beyond an

outer irregular black line; the outer margin as in the g,a

few black hairs on inner area. Underneath there is some

yellow on primaries near the base.

Expanse 84 mm.

Allied to P. lygdamis, Druce, of which I have both sexes,

but displaying distinct characters.

Hab. Tuis, Carillo, Juan Vinas.

Pericopis guapa, sp. n.

Q. Palpi, head, and tegule black spotted with white.

Thorax dark brown; white spots anteriorly and posteriorly ;

the patagia with a black streak, Legs black streaked with

white. Abdomen reddish brown above; a black subdorsal

line ; a lateral black band divided bya fine grey line; under-

ITeterocera from Costa Rica. 209

neath yellowish with reddish-brown hairs at anus. Primaries

above blackish brown; a marginal row of white spots; arow

of indistinct pale streaky spots from costa across end of cell,

and two subterminal spots below vein 2; a row of five semi-

hyaline whitish spots from costa beyond cell to vein 3.

Secondaries reddish brown; the veins and scattered scales at

base black; the costa narrowly black, the outer margin

broadly black with a row of creamy-white spots. Under-

neath the primaries are black, meee | as above; the second-

aries have a red spot or streak at base of costa, sometimes no

black irrorations and some yellowish spots beyond the cell

contiguous to the black outer margin.

Expanse 66 mm.

Hab. Guapiles and Bugaba.

This species is allied to P. ¢dthomia, Feld., and at first I

thought it might be the ? of that species, but Mr. Druce has

a ? similar to the ¢ in his collection.

Pericopis viuda, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax dark brown. Legs brown streaked

with yellow. Abdomen above ochreous, divided into a double

row of large spots by a broad black subdorsal band and narrow

transverse black lines; laterally black with a yellow line,

interrupted by black transverse lines; underneath yellow

banded with black; anus red. Primaries above brown,

darkest on basal half, with a large blackish-brown spot in

cell; one beyond cell and reaching costa; a subapical in-

wardly-curved shade and a subterminal shade from vein 3 to

inner margin ; outer margin also darker, with some curved

lines between the veins faintly yellowish and preceded by a

reddish-brown shade, very faint and indistinct. Underneath

ochreous and yellow, the veins black ; some red shading at

base of costa; a black band crossing cell obliquely to median

vein, then nearly straight to inner margin; a large black

spot beyond cell from costa to vein 3 ; the subterminal black

shades followed by a broken ochreous-brown shade; the outer

margin irregularly black with a deeply wavy, broken, white

line. Secondaries above and below ochreous, the veins black;

the discocellular heavily black ; a broad postmedial irregular

black band; the outer margin black, inwardly dentate, and

containing white spots between the veins,

Expanse 105 mm. wt

Hab, Tuis.

The ¢ of this fine species remains to be discovered.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 14

210 On Heterocera from Costa Rica.

Pericopis perplexa, sp. n.

d. Legs black streaked with grey; fore coxe yellow.

Head, tegule, and thorax black; white spots on head and

tegule ; a white streak on thorax andon patagia. Abdomen

above dark grey; a subdorsal and a lateral black streak ;

underneath whitish ; anal hairs orange. Primaries smoky

black, darkest on inner margin; a reddish streak at base of

costa; semihyaline greyish streaks in and below cell, cut by

an oblique blackish line; a longitudinal black line in cell ;

the broad oblique shade at end of cell, mottled with greyish

from vein 2 to vein 4; four large whitish semihyaline spots

subapically from veins 3-7; a marginal row of white spots.

Secondaries whitish, semihyaline ; the veins, costal and outer

margins deep black, the latter with white marginal spots ; a

black shade across discocellular from costa to outer margin

between veins 3 and 4; the inner area with blackish suf-

fusions. Underneath the hyaline portions are whiter ; red

spots at base of costal margins.

Expanse 59 mm.

Hab. Sixola River.

This species may be the g, though so very different, of

Pericopis guapa, Schs., and they are from different localities.

Phaloe levisi, sp. n.

g. Legs and palpi black streaked with white. Head

black spotted with white. Tegulz spotted with red, Thorax

dark brown; two white spots anteriorly. Abdomen black, a

few white scales posteriorly on segments above ; underneath

banded with white. Primaries brown, the veins blackish; a

red spot at base of costa, and a red streak beyond it ; a semi-

hyaline deep greenish-yellow streak across cell from costal

vein to below vein 2; a similar curved band beyond cell, cut

into four spots by the veins. Secondaries with the discal

area from base deep greenish yellow, semilyaline ; the

margins very broadly black. Below the wings are black; a

crimson streak at base of primaries ; on secondaries a white

streak on basal half of costa and another on basal half of

inner margin.

Eixpanse 49 mm.

¢. On primaries only a broad semiliyaline greenish-yellow

band beyond cell narrowing to a point at tornus. Secondaries

dark blue; a narrow curved semihyaline band well beyond

cell, cut by the dark veins. Below a white spot at tornus on

primaries ; fringe white on secondaries near tornus,

On Land-Shells from Muswar Island. 211

Expanse 62 mm.

fab, El Sitio, Juan Vinas,

There are three distinct forms of what may prove to be the

same species: Phaloe ninonia, Druce, with the markings

white ; Phaloe cotta, Druce, with the markings pale yellow ;

and Phaloe levisi, with the markings greenish yellow.

Named after Mr. Lewis, of El Sitio.

XX.— Additional Notes on a Collection of Land-Shells from

Muswar Island, New Guinea. By Huau C. Furron.

Papuina antiqua, Ad. & Rve.

Additional material from Muswar Island includes specimens

which confirm the synonymy given in my former paper *; it

consists of white and of uniform pale yellow specimens, the

number of whorls varying from 43 to 53. In the description

of P. horderi, Sowb., it is said to have 6 whorls, but after

having examined the type specimen in the British Museum,

I find it should really be 54, agreeing with the figure.

The following measurements will give some idea of the

variation in size and form of this species :—

Maj. diam. 274, alt. 314 mm.

” 234, 5, 34 ,,

Papuina pratti, Fulton.

Further specimens show that this species is excessively

variable in form, as the following measurements demon-

strate :-—

Maj. diam. 30, alt. 20 mm.

”? ? ” 18 ”

” 25, ”? 15 »”»

” 25, ” 18 »

” 214, 5 20 ,,

Two varieties are worthy of note: in one the colour-band

is almost or entirely lacking; the other is typical in form and

coloration, but is thinner, and the interior of the aperture is

strongly granular, perhaps the result of Some disease suffered

by the mollusc.

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, ser, 8, vol. v., April 1910, p- 370.

212 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

XXI.—On an undescribed Species of Dorcasia.

By Hueu C. Futon.

Dorcasia ponsonbyi, sp. n.

Shell depressed globose, moderately umbilicated, rather

thin, subtransparent, yellowish brown above, whitish below ;

whorls 44, slowly increasing, nucleus almost smooth, lower

whorls with rather rough and irregular oblique stria, last

whorl covered with a microscopic granular sculpture; peri-

stome thickened, yellow, margins joined by a slightly raised

reddish callus, aperture subovate, pellucid within.

Maj. diam. 27, min. 22; alt. 16 mm.

Hab. Cape of Good Hope.

This shell has often been confounded with Dorcasia lucana,

Miiller, from which it can be readily separated by its depressed

form and microscopic granular sculpture. The specimens of

lucana seen by me are more or less malleated on the last

whorl, a feature that is absent in ponsondy?, which has also

half a whorl less. In some specimens the peristome is

whitish, in others it is of a reddish colour.

I have much pleasure in naming this shell in honour of

J. H. Ponsonby, Esq., F.Z.S., who has done so much good

work in connection with the South-African molluscan fauna.

XXII.—Rhynchotal Notes.—LI. By W. L. Distanv.

African Pentatomide.

(Continued from p. 99.)

NEOcROLLIUS, gen. nov.

Head shorter than pronotum, longer than broad, the

lateral and apical margins very strongly reflexed, the lateral

margins concavely sinuate, lateral lobes with their apices

obtusely acute, considerably passing apex of central lobe but

not meeting beyond it; eyes prominent, subpedunculate ;

ocelli near base, much nearer eyes than to each other;

antenne five-jointed, first joint not reaching apex of head,

first and second subequal in length, third and fourth sub-

equal, fifth longest ; pronotum shorter than broad, but more

than half as long as broad, the anterior margin a little con-

cave, the posterior margin straightly truncate, the lateral

Mr. W. L, Distant on African Pentatomide. 213

margins moderately reflexed and sinuate, the anterior angles

strongly, broadly, obliquely produced, the posterior angles

slightly notched or angulated; scutellum broad, about as

long as the corium, its lateral margins concavely sinuate, its

apex angularly rounded; membrane short, reaching the apex

of the abdomen, longitudinally veined ; body beneath imper-

fectly seen in carded type; legs of moderate size.

Allied to Crollius, Dist., in general appearance and

structure, but the antenne five-jointed, head strongly

sinuate and reflexed, antenniferous tubercles not spinous ;

pronotum shorter and broader.

Neocrollius natalensis, sp. n.

Ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate; antenne ochra-

ceous, apical joimt piceous; pronotum coarsely darkly

punctate, between the humeral angles slightly, transversely,

irregularly, palely, ochraceously levigate, the cicatrices

broadly irregularly triangulate, piceous and narrowly mar-

gined with pale ochraceous, the lateral and anterior margins

and the anterior angles pale ochraceous; scutellum finely

wrinkled on basal half, the dark punctures a little more

dense on apical half, a broad sublevigate obscure central

fascia neither reaching base nor apex, on basal margin a

central short line and a small spot near each basal angle pale

levigate, the basal angles foveate and black; corium more

finely punctate, the basal costal margin pale ochraceous ;

membrane pale fuscous with the veins piceous; sternum

ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate ; abdomen with the

punctures paler and apparently with a broad central black

fascia imperfectly seen in carded specimen ; spiracles piceous;

Jegs stramineous, apices of tibiz and the tarsi blackish ;

other structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 6} mm.

Llab. Natal; Durban (Bell-Marley).

IBaka, gen, nov.

Head longer than broad, lateral margins moderately

sinuate, apex broadly subtruncate, lobes of equal length,

ocelli near base, a little nearer eyes than to each other;

antenne with the basal joint not reaching apex of head,

second joint longer than third and subequal to fourth ; pro-

notum including lateral angles about twice as broad as long,

the lateral margins concavely sinuate, lateral angles broadly

obtusely angularly prominent; scutellum not longer than

214 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

broad at base, a large slightly raised levigate spot near each

basal angle; corium almost as long as head and pronotum

together, costal margin (excepting near base) distinctly con-

vexly rounded; membrane about as long as pronotum;

connexivum moderately exposed from beyond middle of

corium ; rostrum passing the intermediate cox, abdomen

beneath globose.

Type, . natalicola, Dist.

This genus will also comprise the Cimew depressus, Herr.-

Sch., included by Stal in his genus J/ipla, which, however, is

to be separated from Jbaka by the shape, size, and structure

of the scutellum.

Ibaka natalicola.

Tlipla natalicola, Dist. Ent. Month. Mag. (2) xi. p. 82 (1900).

Hab. Natal; Durban.

Genus ANTESTIA.

Antestia, Stal, Hem. Afr. i. p. 200 (1864).

Type, A. maculata, Dali.

Antestia rufovitiata, sp. n.

Black with sanguineous markings, apex of scutellum

ochraceous ; head with the apex of the central lobe, a spot

before eyes, the outer and inner margins of the lateral lobes

(sometimes the whole of the lateral lobes), and a few minute

spots on basal area sanguineous ; pronotum with the anterior

and lateral margins (narrowly), two short submarginal

fasciate lines on each side (sometimes fused), and a longi-

tudinal fascia broadened anteriorly sanguineous ; scutellum

with the basal half black, where there is a central longitudinal

line and a spot on each side sanguineous, the apical half

brownish ochraceous ; the apex ochraceous; corium with

the base of costal margin, a transverse waved fascia on disk

connected with the apical margin, all of which are san-

guineous, claval margin obscurely ochraceous ; membrane

pale brownish ochraceous, the base blackish; connexivum

sanguineous, with black segmental longitudinal lines or spots;

body beneath and legs reddish ochraceous ; two central spots

to mesosternum, a large oblique spot on each side of meta-

sternum, a broad broken marginal fascia and margins of the

last two segments to the abdomen, black; antennz ochra-

ceous, apex of fourth joint, and fifth joint excluding base,

piceous ; first joint not reaching apex of head, second a little

Mr. W. L. Distant on A/rican Pentatomide. 215

shorter than third, fourth and fifth a little longer and sub-

equal in length; pronotum finely wrinkled and somewhat

coarsely punctate ; scutellum finely transversely wrinkled

and punctate, the apex almost impunctate ; corium coarsely

punctate, excepting the sanguineous markings which are

levigate ; membrane passing the abdominal apex; rostrum

slightly passing the posterior coxee.

Long. 6 mm.

Hab. South Africa ; Prieska (S. Afr. Mus.).

Allied to A. variegata, Thunb., but asmaller and narrower

species ; markings very distinct.

Genus Datstra.

Dalsira, Amy. & Sery. Hist. Hém. p, 175 (1843).

Type, D. marginata, Amy. & Serv.

Dalsira atricostata, sp. n.

Ochraceous ; corium more or less sparsely finely spotted

with black, the costal margin prominently shining jet-black,

which is also seen beneath at the lateral margins of the

sternum ; head about as broad as long, anteriorly somewhat

concave, the lateral lobes finely rugulose, sometimes but not

always with a few very small scattered black spots ; antenn

ochraceous, first joint not reaching apex of head, second

much longer than third or fourth, which are subequal in

length, fifth joint longest ; pronotum with the posterior

area very strongly transversely rugose, these rugose lines

more or less concavely waved, the anterior half more

obscurely transversely rugose, near the anterior margin only

punctate and with a few very small black spots, the lateral

margins finely denticulate, the lateral angles subtruncately

prominent; scutellum with a few scattered very small black

spots, the basal half prominently transversely rugose, the

posterior half obsoletely so, and these with its lateral margins

and apex punctate ; corium thickly obscurely finely punctate,

the jet-black costal margins strongly crenulate ; membrane

pale greyish ochraceous, with scattered minute piceous spots ;

body beneath and legs ochraceous; head beneath, sternum,

and abdomen with minute scattered black spots; legs un-

spotted; rostrum with a central line and the apices of the

joints piceous.

Long. 20 to 24 mm.

Hab. Uganda (Scott Elliot, Brit. Mus.); Ruwenzori

(Scott Elliot, Brit. Mus.).

' In shape and structure allied to D. plicata, Reiche &

216 Mr. W. L. Distant on A/rican Pentatomide.

Fairm., from Abyssinia, but at once separated by the

antenne and the strongly crenulate jet-black costal margin

to the corium.

TANTIA, gen. nov.

Head long, triangular, obliquely narrowed to apex, as long

as breadth at base (including eyes), lateral lobes longly

passing central lobe, their apices subacute; antenne with

the second and third joints subequal in length, fourth a

little shorter than fifth; pronotum about half as long as

breadth between the lateral angles, from between which it is

deflected towards apex, the lateral margins denticulate, the

lateral angles shortly angularly subspinous; scutellum as

long or slightly shorter than head and pronotum together,

attenuated from about one-third from apex; corium about

as long as breadth between pronotal lateral angles ; mem-

brane reaching abdominal apex; other characters generally

as in Metonymia aud Dailsira, from which Tantia is at once

separated by the structure of the head, which character taken

by itself allies it to Schismatops.

Type, 7. gelei, Dist.

This genus also includes P. vicina, Sign., P. striata, Sign.,

and D. albopunctulata, Bergr.

Tantia gelei.

Schismatops gelei, Dist. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1890, p. Ix.

Dalsira gelei, Schout. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiv. p. 55 (1905).

Metonymia gelet, Kirk. Cat. Hem. (Heterop.) i. p. 244 (1909).

Hab. Congo.

MacGwamBa, gen. nov.

Body elongate, about two and a half times as long as

breadth between the pronotal angles ; head about as long as

breadth at base including eyes, the lateral lobes meeting in

front of the central lobe for about half their length and only

slightly divergent at their extreme apices, ocelli at base, very

much nearer to eyes than to each other; antennz with the

basal joint about extending to half the length of head, second

and third subequal in length, each shorter than fourth or

fifth, which are also subequal and more robust ; rostrum

reaching the anterior coxe ; pronotum about half as long as

greatest breadth, deflected from a more or less distinct

transverse line between the humeral angles, which are broadly

rounded and only slightly prominent, the lateral margins

oblique, entire, not denticulate, slightly reflexed; scutellum

Mr. W. L. Distant on A/rican Pentatomida. 217

elongate, about one and a third times as long as breadth at

base, prominently attenuated from a little beyond middle ;

corium varrow and elongate, about three times as long as

broad; membrane longitudinally somewhat furcately veined ;

legs somewhat robust; tibize sulcate.

Magwamba purpurascens, sp. 0.

Body and legs purplish red; membrane greyish white ;

antenne purplish red, fifth joint and apical half of fourth

paler; head and anterior half of pronotum (in fresh and

unrubbed specimens) more or less greyishly pubescent ; head

with the lateral lobes obliquely irregularly striate, ventral

lobe somewhat thickly punctate; pronotum finely trans-

versely wrinkled and punctate, the lateral areas obliquely or

transversely obscurely striate; scutellum finely wrinkled

and punctate ; corium thickly, finely punctate, membrane

greyish white, with a few small piceous spots; other

structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 17 to 19} mm.

Hab. N.E. Rhodesia ; Serenje District, Congo Free State,

W. of Kambove, 3500 to 4500 feet (Neave, Brit. Mus.) ;

Ovampo Land (Coll. Dist.).

Geuus GELLIA,

Gellia, Stil, Tem. Afr. i. p. 2483 (1864).

Type, G. albivittis, Germ.

Gellia bicolorata, sp. n.

Head, antennze, .scutellum, and corium reddish testaceous ;

pronotum black, the inner margin of the produced apical

angles narrowly pale, the basal margin more or less reddish

ochraceous ; membrane pale, subhyaline ; head broad, con-

cave, a little broader near apex than at base; antenne with

the first joint longer than either second, third, or fourth,

but shorter than fifth, second slightly shorter than third

which is slightly shoiter than fourth ; pronotum with the

Jateral angles about reaching middle of head, their apices

obtusely subacute, the whole of the lateral areas including

apices rugulose, a moderately distinct transverse ridge be-

tween the humeral angles, the whole disk finely transversely

rugulose; seutellum finely transversely rugulose ; corium

somewhat thickly finely punctate; head beneath reddish

testaceous ; sternum and abdomen beneath ochraceous ; pro-

sternum with the Jateral areas black, finely transversely

218 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide.

rugulose ; meso- and metasterna spotted with black on each

side, the latter with a large lateral spot ; abdomen with two

discal series of black spots and with a series of submarginal

segmental black lines ; legs more or less castaneous.

Long 14 mm.

Hab. Congo Free State, W. of Kambove, 3500-4500 ft.

(Neave, Brit. Mus.).

Gellia dilatata.

sk terrane dilatata, Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1851, p. 346, pl. x.

fig. 13.

Hab. Congo Free State; Katanga, Lufira R., W. of

Kambove (Neave, Brit. Mus.).

This species is not included in Schouteden’s Catalogue of

the Pentatomide of the “ Congo Belge.’ The allied species

described by Schouteden (G. ¢ristis) was, on the contrary,

not found by Mr. Neave.

Gellia incognita, sp. n.

Head and pronotum pale ochraceous ; basal margin of

pronotum, corium, and membrane black ; scutellum ochra-

ceous, punctured and mottled with black ; body beneath

piceous brown ; anterior half of head, lateral margins of

sternum, cox, rostrum, and a central longitudinal fascia to

abdomen paler in hue; head concave, laterally somewhat

thickly punctate, distinctly angulately narrowed in front of

eyes; pronotum with the anterior angles of the dilated

lateral margins subacute, but not quite reaching middle of

head, the whole surface more or less finely transversely

rugulose, margins of the cicatrices black, the black basal

margin notched inwardly; scutellum finely transversely

rugulose ; corium thickly finely punctate ; antennz piceous,

basal joint longer than either second or third, second shorter

than third, which is almost subequal in length to fourth,

fifth longest and moderately incrassate; sternum sparsely

coarsely punctate, abdomen beneath thickly finely punctate ;

anterior legs piceous (remaining legs mutilated in type).

Long. 12 mm.

Hab. r

I have had this specimen in my collection without a locality

for more than twenty years. I feel now that it ought to be

described, for its colour-markings and structure are very

distinct. It ismore than likely to prove an African species.

Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomide. 219

Genus Gonopsis,

Gonopsis, Amy. & Serv, Hist. Hém. p. 180 (1843).

Type, G. denticulata, Amy. & Serv.

Gonopsis bovilla, sp. n.

Above brownish or reddish testaceous, anterior area of

pronotum and the head more ochraceous ; membrane greyish,

the veins prominent and somewhat pale fuscous ; connexivum

stramineous; body beneath pale ochraceous and darkly

punctate ; abdomen beneath with three longitudinal im-

punctate fasciz, the central straighter and narrower; legs

ochraceous, the femora darkly punctate, tibiz reddish

testaceous with their margins ochraceous, tarsi reddish

testaceous; pronotum with the lateral angles longly and

somewhat forwardly produced, robustly spinous, with their

apices subacute, their posterior margins transversely wrinkled

and black ; head somewhat thickly and coarsely punctate,

the lateral margins a little sinuate in front of eyes, apices of

the lateral lobes well separated and subacute; antennz

reddish testaceous, second joint slightly longer than third;

anterior area of pronotum coarsely punctate, the lateral

margins denticulate, between the lateral angles a transversely

concave levigate line, behind which the surface is punctate

and rugulose ; scutellum punctate and rugulose, some obscure

black punctures centrally and laterally; corium thickly

coarsely punctate; stigmata black.

Long. 144 to 154 mm.

Hab. Natal; Drakensberg Mts. (Brit. Mus.), Durban

(S. Afr. Mus.).

Allied to G. angularis, Dall, but with the lateral pronotal

angles forwardly and more strongly produced.

Gonopsis humeralis, sp. n.

Head and anterior area of pronotum ochraceous, blackly

punctate ; posterior area of pronotum, scutellum, and corium

purplish black; membrane greyish white; connexivum

reddish testaceous ; body beneath pale testaceous, abdomen

beneath more or less reddish testaceous ; legs dull reddish ;

antenne reddish testaccous, second and third joints almost

subequal in length; head with the lateral margins slightly

sinuate in front of eyes, the lateral lobes only divergeut at

extreme apices, which are subacute, lateral margins narrowly

levigate and tcstaceous ; pronotum with an almost levigate

220 Mr. W. L. Distant on African Pentatomile.

transverse line between the humeral angles, in front of which

half the surface is transversely rugulose, the other anterior

half somewhat finely punctate, lateral margins denticu-

late, lateral angles strongly robustly subangularly produced,

slightly directed forwardly, posterior area reticulately

rugulose ; scutellum transversely rugulose ; corium thickly

finely punctate ; sternum sparingly punctate, disk of abdomen

impunctate.

Long. 17 mm.

Llab. Ovampo Land.

Gonopsis lineata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous; pronotum

with a transverse fascia between the humeral angles and

extending to their apices, black (in some specimens the

fascia is more or less obsolete) ; corium brownish ochraceous ;

membrane greyish subbyaline, but reflecting the ochraceous

abdomen beneath ; connexivum stramineous, inwardly mar-

gined by ablack line; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous,

finely darkly punctate; abdomen beneath with a central

longitudinal levigate central fascia; head with the lateral

margins nearly straight, scarcely perceptibly sinuate before

the eyes, apices of lateral lobes only separated at apices

which are subacute ; antenne reddish testaceous, second and

third joints subequal in length, second almost reaching apex

of head ; pronotum with the lateral angles straightly trans-

versely subacutely produced, the lateral margins denticulate,

the whole surface more or less finely darkly punctate, and

the anterior area distiuctly transversely rugulose; scutellum

transversely rugulose, somewhat darkly punctate on the

lateral margins ; corium thickly finely punctate ; membrane

not reaching apex of abdomen; sternum distinctly darkly

punctate.

Long. 15 to 17 mm.

Hab, Southern Congo Region.

Genus CycLopPetra.

Cyclopelta, Amy, & Serv. Hist. Hém. p. 172 (1843).

Type, C. obscura, Lepel. & Serv.

Cyclopelta abyssinica, sp. n.

Black ; base of first joint of antennz and the legs casta-

neous, tarsi black ; antenne robust, second joint twice as

long as third, a little longer than fourth ; head, pronotum,

Mr. O. Thomas on African Podents. 221

scutellum, and corium thickly finely punctate, apical area of

scutellum and disk of corium more or less rugulose.

Long. 134 to 144 mm.; max. breadth 84 to 95 mm.

Hab. Abyssinia; Didessa River, 1400 ft., Gamu, 2800 ft.,

Nono, 3600 ft. (Zaphiro, Brit. Mus.).

Closely allied to the West African C. funebris, Fabr., but

differing in the colour of the legs and the shorter antenne,

of which the second joint is twice as long as the third.

Genus Asronsorus.

Aspongopus, Lap. (part) Ess. Hém. p. 58 (1852).

Type, A. janus, Fabr.

Aspongopus circumcinctus, 8). N.

Black ; lateral margins of pronotum, basal lateral margins

to corium, connexivum, and body beneath ochraceous ; legs

fuscous brown ; antenne black, the basal joint testaceous,

second joint slightly longer than third; third and fourth

joints subequal in length, fifth longest, cylindrical and

pilose; head about as broad as long, the apex broadly

truncate, irregularly punctate; pronotum about two-thirds

as long as broad at base, the lateral margins moderately

ampliate and rounded, very finely and thickly punctate and

slightly transversely wrinkled ; scutellum about as long as

broad at base, very finely and thickly punctate and slightly

transversely wrinkled ; corium about as long as membrane,

wrinkled, but not apparently punctate; body beneath more

or less finely darkly speckled or punctate, the central disk of

sternum more prominently so,

Long. 12 mm.

Hab. Congo Free State, Kambove, Katanga, 4000-5000 ft.

(Neave, Brit. Mus.).

XXIII.—Notes on African Rodents.

By OLpFIeLp |'HOMAs.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

I. A new Genus of Gerbils.

Further study shows that the group of small Gerbils

which contains “ Gerbillus” emini and its allies, of recent

222 Mr. O. Thomas on African Rodents.

years placed in Tatera, form so natural and distinct a section

that they might well be recognized as a special genus, which

I would propose to call

TATERILLUS, gen. nov.

External characters as in Tatera, but the soles with a

band of fine hairs passing across them opposite the base of

the hallux.

Skull with the posterior palatal foramina much longer

than in other Gerbils, commencing, as a rule, opposite the

anterior edge of m‘ and reaching back to the middle of m’?.

Bulle comparatively small.

Incisors narrow, deeply grooved, strongly bevelled, much

more so than in Tatera.

Type. Taterillus emini (Gerbillus emini, Thos.).

Other species: 7’. gracilis, Thos., harringtoni, Thos., and

lacustris, Thos. & Wrought.

In some respects—in its rather more murine skull and

smaller bulle—Taterillus shows an approach towards the

smaller Gerbils such as Dipodillus and Gerbillus, its partially

hairy soles perhaps being also an indication of its connexion

with the last-named genus.

Il. The Species of Lophiomys.

In working out some examples of Lophiomys from British

East Africa, obtained during the recent Rudd expedition, I

find that there are two species in that country, and in formu-

lating their characters I have had occasion to go over all

the described forms, with results which are here briefly

noticed.

‘The first member of this remarkable genus to be described,

L. imhausi, M.-Edw., was founded on a specimen purchased

alive at Aden, a place to which Somali animals are very

commonly brought for sale. ‘The two specimens from Somali

in the British Museum, practically topotypes of ZL. smithi,

Rhoads, agree so closely in all respects with Milne-Edwards’s

description that I have no doubt:that Z. smithi should be

regarded as a synonym of L. imhaust.

The various Abyssinian specimens that have been sent

home, chiefly by the Italians, should probably be referred to

L. ethiopicus, Peters, but if that is yet another species the

name L, bozasi is available for the Abyssinian form. No

detailed description is available of the type of L. ethiopicus,

which was obtained near Kassala,

Mr. O. Thomas on African Rodents. 223

In East Africa the type of ZL. testudo, Thos., was obtained

by Mr. F. J. Jackson at Ravine Station, and other speci-

mens have since been referred to it. But now examination

or that the type remains unique, and that all the other

). African specimens available belong to a larger species

closely allied to the Abyssinian one and itself divisible into

two subspecies,

Subjoined are the diagnostic characters of the four species

which at present appear to be recognizable.

In drawing them up I have had for examination two

specimens of L. tmhaust, two of L. bozasi (including one skull

belonging to the United States National Museum), six of

L. ibeanus (including a U.S.N.M. skull from Nakuru), and

one—the type—of L. testudo.

Size comparatively large. Frontal region con-

cave. Mesopterygoid fossa long. Ante-

orbital foramen high, narrow, slit-lke. Pala-

tal foramina long. Sides of premaxille not

or scarcely granulated, except along the edge

bordering the nasals. (Abyssinia.)

L, bozasi, Oust. (probably L. ethiopicus, Peters).

Size variable. Frontal region more normal.

Mesopterygoid fossalong. Anteorbital fora-

men larger and more open; its outer edge

thickened into a ridge, with a large masse-

teric knob atits lower end. Palatal foramina

shorter. Sides of premaxille heavily granu-

lated, especially in the fossa just above the

incisors. (British E, Africa.) ............ L. iheanus, sp. n.

Size and teeth smaller. (Mau Region.) ........ L. ibeanus ibeanus.

Size and teeth larger. (Aberdare Range.)...... L. t. hindei, subsp. n.

Size smaller. Mesopterygoid fossa very short.

Anteorbital foramen very small, low, well

open, its outer edge practically without

strongly marked ridge or masseteric knob.

Nasals markedly narrowed in their posterior

half, parallel-sided in all the other forms.

Incisors narrow, dead white in front, cream-

coloured in other species. Line of glandular

biistles on sides narrower and less con-

spicuous than in other species, (British E.

yi BP oo PP ae ee L, testudo, Thos.

Size smallest. Mesopterygoid fossa long. Ante-

orbital foramen comparatively large, well

open, its edge ridged and with well-marked

masseteric knob. Frontal region promi-

nently white, grey in the other species.

(Somali-land.).... Z. tmhausi, M.-Edw. (syn. L. smithi, Rhoads),

The following are the chief diagnostic measurements of

the skulls :—

224 Mr. R. Lydekker on LHornless Okapies.

L. ibeanus.

—_—_——__ _— — ———_

a —

L. bozasi, Subsp. typ. Subsp. hindei. L. testudlo. L. imhausi.

25465 U.S.N.M. Type 2.2.6.2. Type 10.5.3. 152. Type 99.8,4.97. 8.4. 31.1.

Upper length (tip of

nasals to back of

interparietal) .... 62°5 60 62 56°7 55

Greatest breadth .... 425 38'5 42:5 38 35°5

Anteorbital foramen,

LU ae 75 74 74 52 66.

Palatine foramina,

REC Bin 2 ch ws ate 13°3 11 107 95 10°2

Mesopterygoid fossa,

to tip of hamular

processes ........ 14 13-4 14 10 182

Upper molar series .. l4 12:8 38 129 11-2

L. ibeanus, the species now described as new, is coloured

quite like the Abyssinian form referred to Z. bozasi, and has

equally prominent lateral stripes.

Its skull-characters are as described above, but as the

Aberdare specimens are larger and have larger teeth than

those from the Mau region, it appears to be necessary to

recognize the former as a special subspecies, which may be

named L. i. hindei, after the donor of the first specimen

received He the National Museum. ‘The skull-measurements

of both forms are given above.

Type of L. ibeanus :—

Adult female. B.M. no. 2. 2.6.2. Captured by S. Couper

at Mile 513 of the Uganda Railway (between Londiani and

Lumbwa Stations) in Mau region; altitude about 7000!

Presented by C. Stewart Betton, Esq.

Another from El-Burgon, presented by C. 8. Betton, aaa

a third from the Mau Forest near Njoro, collected and pre-

sented by Capt. F. W. Barrett.

Type of L. 7. hinder:

Adult female. B.M. no. 10.5.3.152. Original number

801. Collected 15th March, 1910, by Robin Kemp at

Mutaragwa, Aberdare Mountains. Alt. 9000’. Presented

by C. D. Rudd, Esq.

A second specimen from the same place, now in the Royal

Scottish Museum ; also an extra skull picked up dry.

Another, the first received by the Museum, from the

Aberdare Mountains, without detailed particulars. Presented

by 8. L. Hinde, Esq.

XX1V.—Hornless Okapies. By R. LYDEKKER.

A Frew weeks ago Mr. Rowland Ward had on exhibition at

his establishment in Piccadilly the mounted skin of a hornless

okapi remarkable on account of its large size, a feature in

~ .

Mr. R. Lydekker on Horuless Okapies. 225

which if agrees with the typical specimen presented by Sir

Harry Johnston to the British Museum, and described by

Sir Ray Lankester in the ‘Transactions of the Zoological

Seciety,’ vol. xvi. pt. 6 (1902). In respect of their larze

stature, both these specimens differ from the two horned

okapies exhibited in the Museum alongside the one presented

by Sir H. Johnston. The skull associated with it indicates,

from the circumstance that the premolars are not fully pro-

truded, that the latter is immature; and although the stature

of the animal may have attained its full development, it is

probable that there would have been some increase in the

size of the skull. Although no sexual features are shown in

the skin, Sir Harry Johnston’s specimen is now generally

regarded as a female; and if this be the case, the same will

hold good for the one recently in the possession of Mr. Ward.

Of the former the shoulder-height (as mounted) is 5 feet

1 inch (153 cm.), while that of the second is 5 feet and 4 inch

(152°3 cm.). On the other hand, the horned example pre-

sented to the Museum by Major Powell-Cotton stands only

4 feet 84 inches (144°5 cm.) at the shoulder, while the some-

what younger one given by the late Mr. Boyd Alexander is

4 feet 54 inches (136°5 cm.). The former of these, as indi-

cated by the skeleton mounted in the same case, is adult,

although not old, and has, I infer, approximately reached its

full size. The length of the skull is 339 mm.

_ Inthe memoir by M. Fraipont published in the § Annales’

of the Congo Museum no details are given with regard to the

height of the mounted specimens referred to; but a horned

example at Madrid described by Sefior A. Cabrera in 1907 is

stated to stand 4 feet 5 inches (137 cm.) at the withers, and,

so far as [ can recall, none of the mounted specimens with

horns which have been shown from time to time at Mr. Ward’s

establishment were equal in size to the aforesaid hornless

examples.

So far, then, as the evidence of the five specimens men-

tioned is concerned, it is manifest that the hornless individuals

exceed in height those with horns to an extent which can

scarcely be explained by difference of age, especially when it

is borne in mind that one of the hornless examples is imma-

ture, while at least one of those with horns is adult. Neither

does it seem that such differences are within the ordinary

limits of individual variation.

On the other hand, it has to be mentioned that while the

skull of Sir H. Johnston’s immature hornless specimen

measures 375 mm. in length, that of a horned okapi in the

Tervueren Museum has a length of 377 mm. (Lankester, op.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 15

226 Mr. G. Dollman on

cit. p. 305). The English skull is, however, broader than

the Belgian one, their respective transverse diameters being

182 and 1785 mm. As the latter is adult and the former

immature, the English skull might eventually have some-

what exceeded the Belgian in length. Be this as it may, I

am informed by the Director of the Tervueren Museum that

the mounted skin of the specimen to which the skull pertained

is 4 feet 83 inches (145°5 cm.) in height, or practically the same

as specimens in which the skull-length is only 339 mm.

Although, as mentioned above, no decisive evidence of this

is afforded by the two English mounted specimens, hornless

okapies are regarded as females. On the other hand, all the

horned examples that have come under my notice are un-

doubtedly males ; and since the Ituri natives affirm that the

bulls are armed while the cows are defenceless, the existence

of this secondary sexual difference may be at least provi-

sionally accepted.

Assuming, then, the hornless specimens to be truly females,

the foregoing data indicate that female okapies are larger

than males. The alternative would appear to be that there

is a larger and a smaller form; but this I hesitate to admit,

more especially as I have not seen either an adult male

agreeing in stature with the females or an adult female

corresponding in size to the males, the smaller of the

two hornless skulls presented to the British Museum by

Sir H. Johnston indicating a comparatively young animal.

XXV.— Two new African Mammals.

By Guy DoLiman.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

PrRIoNnoMysS, gen. nov. (Muride).

Size similar to that of a large species of Dendromus, Fore

feet with four well-formed digits; pollex suppressed. Digits

II.-IV. moderately elongated, with short claws; outer or

V. digit only about half the length of the two middle fingers,

with a small inconspicuous nail. Hind feet with five digits,

all provided with claws. Hallux stout, about half the length

of the middle toe; claw on hallux smaller and blunter than

new African Mammals. 227

those on the other toes. Ears rounded and simple, with no

internal folds such as occur in Dendromus. Tail long and

almost naked.

Skull with a broad square-shaped brain-case ; zygomatic

breadth very much greater than in Dendromus, zygoma set

in a nearly parallel position, Squamosal portion of zygoma

broad and horizontally expanded. Palate and pterygoid

regions much as in Dendromus. Palatal foramina and

nasals much shorter than in Dendromus. Lower jaw with

very short coronoid processes, not rising above the level of

the condyles. Angular processes inflected inwards, more so

than in Dendromus.

Teeth: upper incisors short, slender, ungrooved, and

thrown forwards, projecting anteriorly beyond the nasals,

somewhat as in Uranomys. Upper molar teeth broad and

fairly large, highly cuspidate; the cusps arranged very much

as in Dendromus, though in Prionomys the cusps are raised

up into sharp recurved points, their grinding-surfaces facing

backwards, resembling in this respect the genus Mylomys.

Cusp-formula of the three laminz of m! as in ordinary

Dendromyinz, 2.3.2. Internal cusp large and well-deve-

loped. Longitudinal grooves between the outer and median

cusps and median and inner cusps, sharply defined, the outer

of the two grooves straight and uninterrupted throughout the

whole length of the tooth. Outer cusps of the three lamin

rather taller than those of the median series and laterally

compressed. No trace of the small median anterior supple-

mentary cusp which is present in Dendromus. M? with cusps

arranged on much the same plan as in m’, the two longitu-

dinal grooves well-marked and the cusps avicularian. Inner

cusp well developed. Longitudinal groove between median

and external cusps of the lamine as evident as in m‘*. 43

small and simple, composed, as in Dendromus, of two small

cusps with a groove between them. Lower incisors slender

and sharply pointed, set in a more horizontal position than in

Dendromus. Lower molars, like the upper series, highly

cuspidate, only here the cusps are curved in the opposite

direction, their tips and concave grinding-surfaces facing

forwards. MM, composed of three laminz of two cusps each,

cusp-formula 2.2.2. Median longitudinal groove between

the outer and inner cusps of the three lamina deep, straight,

and clearly defined. Postero-internal cusp small. Inner

cusps, with the exception of the postero-internal, rather taller

than outer series. MM, with four prominent cusps, two on

either side of the deep longitudinal groove. M, laters than

228 Mr. G. Dollman on

the corresponding tooth in the upper jaw ; composed of two

cusps, one on either side of a median groove.

Type, Prionomys batesi.

his genus would appear to be more nearly related to the

genus Dendromus than to any other of the allied genera.

The teeth, while resembling those of Dendromus to a certain

extent in their general arrangement, possess such curiously

shaped cusps that it is evident at once, from this character

alone, that the two genera are quite distinct. The general

appearance of the skull, with the ungrooved slanting incisors,

short palatal foramina, and great breadth of the brain-case

and zygoma, is quite unlike that of any other member of the

Dendromyine.

Externally the animal exhibits a series of characters quite

as distinct as those of the skull. Though resembling Den-

dromus in the possession of a long prehensile tail, it is readily

distinguished by the occurrence of four well-formed digits on

the fore feet and by the presence of comparatively small

simple ears.

Prionomys batest, sp. n.

General appearance and size much the same as a large

species of the genus Dendromus.

Fars rather small and rounded, thinly clad on both surfaces

with short dark hairs. Feet as described above. Fur soft

and rather short, measuring 4 or 5 mm. in length on the

back. Whiskers long and fairly numerous, with black bases

and greyish tips. General colour of upper surface pale

chocolate (between chocolate no. 2 and otter-brown no. 4,

‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’), paling on the flanks and passing

almost imperceptibly into the greyish tint of the ventral

surface. Face between eyes rather paler than rest of upper

parts; sides of face below eyes lighter and washed with

pinkish buff. Eyes surrounded by narrow blackish rings.

Individual hairs of body dark slaty grey with chocolate-buff

tips. Back of hands and feet covered with very short

whitish hairs, a few darker hairs on the metacarpal and meta-

tarsal regions. Entire underparts grey, washed with pale

pinkish buff; hairs with pale slate-grey bases and long

pinkish-buff tips. Tail blackish brown, thinly clad with a

number of minute brownish hairs, appearing at first sight

almost naked. Apical portion of upperside of tail devoid of

hair, probably prehensile, as in Dendromus. Lower surface

of tail similar to upper, except that the minute hairs extend

right to the tip.

new African Mammals. ~ 229

Skull broad and stoutly built, zygomatic arches widely

spread, the zygomatic breadth being rather greater across

the squamosal region (14°7 mm.) than across the maxillary

region (14:1 mm.). Nasals fairly broad anteriorly, narrowing

posteriorly. Brain-case as described above. Palatal fora-

mina short, terminating posteriorly about 1 mm. in front of

the anterior level of the molar series. Auditory bulla small

and rather flat. Teeth as described above.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 59 mm. ; tail 99; hind foot 15; ear 12.

Skull: greatest length 24; basal length 20-7; condylo-

basal length 22-5; basilar length 19°2; condylo-basilar

length 21; zygomatic breadth 14:7 ; interorbital breadth 4°9;

breadth of brain-case (behind squamosal region) 11°3 ; nasals,

greatest length 8-3, greatest breadth 2°7, least breadth 1°3;

palatal length 12°4; palatilar length 11; width of palate, just

anterior to inner cusps of m'‘, 3°2; length of palatal fora-

mina 3°7; post-palatal length 8; length of upper cheek-

teeth 4°6; length of m' 2-7; length of m? 1°7; length of

upper incisors 3°3.

Hab. Bitye, Ja River, Cameroons. Altitude 2900 feet.

Type. Adult male. Original number 506. Collected by

Mr. G. L. Bates on February 21st, 1910.

I have named this interesting mouse after the collector,

Mr. G. L. Bates, whose name is already associated with so

many remarkable West African mammals.

Acomys ignitus, sp. n.

Allied to Acomys seloust, de Wint., but larger and very

much brighter in colour,

Size and general proportions much as in A. mullah, Thos. ;

tail rather shorter, about equal in length to that of

A, witherbyi, de Wint. Ears comparatively small. Texture

of pelage about as in A, witherbyi, slender, rather spinous

hairs on head, shoulders, anterior back, flanks, and entire

ventral surface, and broad, flattened spines on the rump and

posterior back. General colour of upper surface brownish

orange, becoming brighter in colour on the flanks (dead leaf

no. 1 mixed with tan colour no, 1, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs ’).

Line of demarcation between the Yastion flanks and white

ventral surface sharply defined. Flattened spines of poste-

rior back slate-grey, turning orange towards the tips, the

extreme tips brownish. Spinous hairs on flanks with light

slate-grey bases, buffish towards the middle and deepening to

reddish orange in the terminal portions. Backs of hands and

230 Mr. E. Schwarz on

feet white. Entire underparts white ; hairs white to the roots.

Tail stout and a great deal more scaly than in A. selousi,

the whole tail much coarser, owing to the scales being larger

and the short bristle-like hairs more fully developed. Tail

above silvery grey, covered with short black bristles; under-

side similar, but with white hairs.

Skull much larger than that of A. selous?, about equal in

size to that of the Somaliland species, A. mullah. Nasals

long and rather narrow. Palatal foramina extending back

to behind the level of the middle of the first molar; in

A. selousit the palatal foramina do not extend back beyond

the level of the anterior lamina of m1. Auditory bull

rather prominent.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 109 mm.; tail 89; hind foot 16°5; ears

destroyed. (In another specimen, from the type locality, the

ears are given as 17 mm. in length.

Skull: greatest length 30°5; basal length 25:4 ; condylo-

basal length 28; basilar length 23°4; condylo-basilar length

25°5; zygomatic breadth 15°2; interorbital breadth 5;

breadth of cranium (across squamosal region) 13°5; nasals,

greatest length 11°3, greatest breadth 2°9, least breadth 2 ;

length of palatal foramina 7°5; width of palate (inside m’) 3;

width across palate (outside m') 6; length of upper cheek-

teeth 4:3.

flab. Voi, British East Africa. Altitude 2000 feet.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 10. 6.2.120. Original

number 878. Collected by Mr. R. Kemp on April 4th,

1910, during his work in connexion with Mr. C. D. Rudd’s

East African Expedition.

This handsome species is distinguished at once from

A. selousi by its much larger size, brighter colour, and more

hairy tail.

XXVI.—Two new Oriental Viverride.

By Ernst ScHWARzZ.

Paradoxurus vicinus, sp. n.

A Paradozurus of the niger type, most nearly allied to

P. minor from Selangor, but larger and with longer fur; the

dorsal stripes somewhat more indistinct, but not broken up

into spots. 1

new Oriental Viverride. 231

Upperside golden yellow suffused with black ; underfur

jg Five somewhat indistinct black stripes down the

neck, of which the inner three only extend over the whole

back. Sides of body lighter, very diffusely spotted. Hairs

of crown buffy white, with black tips, so as to produce a

grizzled effect. A large whitish frontal patch, divided into

three by two narrow blackish-brown stripes which arise from

above the eyes. A whitish patch below each eye. Muzzle

(with the exception of the foremost part), cheeks, chin, and

throat dull blackish brown. The two whitish whorls in front

of the ears very conspicuous and partly reaching the frontal

patch. Vibrissee brown. Back of ears black. Limbs and

the two distal thirds of tail brownish black. Hairs of under-

side dull brown, those of the belly with white tips.

Skull, Muzzle long and narrow; nasals long, narrow,

forming a V-shaped point behind. Constriction marked.

Bullee of medium size, smooth and rounded. ‘Teeth of the

P. niger type. Carnassial somewhat more complex than in

P. niger. my, triangular.

Type. B.M. no. 79. 11.21. 283. Collected by McClelland.

Dimensions of type :—

Head and body 525 mm.; tail 475 (measured on the

skin).

Skull: upper length 105; zygomatic breadth 55; nasals

24x 9:5; intertemporal constriction 12; width of brain-

case 85; rostrum, breadth across roots of canines 17; length

of upper tooth-row from p,—m, 35°5 ; ps, length 8°5, greatest

diameter 10.

Hab. There are two specimens and two more skulls of this

species in the collection of the British Museum, all collected

by McClelland; on the back of one of the labels there is a

remark by Blanford, “ probably from Assam,” and, judging

from the collector, this locality is most probably correct.

This palm-civet has a superficial resemblance to P. sum-

banus, but, apart from the larger size and softer fur, it has a

dentition of the niger type, though with the carnassials rather

more complex than the Indian species. From P. niger, its

geographical neighbour, it is at once distinguished by its

softer fur and different colour.

Mungos exilis peninsula, subsp. n.

This is a form of the M. javanicus group, of which M. ja-

vanicus, M. ewxilis, and M. rubrifrons (Allen, 1910) are

described. It is most nearly allied to M. ewil’s from Annam,

Cambodja, and Cochin China, but distinguished by its paler

232 Mr. L. B. Prout on

colour, especially the almost complete absence of red on the

back.

Upperside greyish brown to greyish yellow, finely grizzled.

Head dark reddish brown ; chin yellowish rusty. Underside

yellowish brown; hairs often annulated. Limbs light

brown. Tail like back, with dark tip.

Skull. Brain-case shorter than in MV. ezxilis ; rostrum some-

what narrower and zygomatic arches wider. Bulle much as

in M. exilis, but somewhat smaller, different from those in

M. javnicus, where the anterior auditory chamber is

markedly lower than the posterior one. p, much as in AZ, ja-

vanicus, not concave behind as in MV. evils.

Type. 8 ad. B.M. no. 98. 10. 21. 6. Collected by

Capt. S. 8. Flower.

Dimensions of type (collector) :—

Head and body 326 mm.; tail 251; hind foot 59; ear 25.

Skull: basilar length 68 ; zygomatic breadth 39; width of

brain-case 26; palatilar length 40; rostrum, breadth across

roots of canines 14°8 ; constriction 9; length of upper tooth-

row from c—m, 26; py, length 7, greatest diameter 8.

Distribution. The Malay Peninsula and Lower Siam.

Type locality. Bangkok, Siam.

XXVII.— New Neotropical Geometride.

By Lovis B. Prout, F.E.S.

Tue types of the following species are in my collection.

They have for the most part been compared with the Warren

types in the Tring Museum, as well as with the British

Museum Collection and that of M. Dognin, and have been

submitted to the examination of Mr. Warren, who is

acquainted with most of the species described by Schaus and

Bastelberger. The literature has also been carefully used.

There is therefore good reason to hope that little has been

overlooked which ought to have been studied prior to the

erection of new species.

Subfam. Aeurryrimz.

(Geometrine auctt.)

Blechroma florifera, sp. un.

d. 24 mm.—F ace red-brown above, white below. Vertex

new Neotropical Geometride. 233

and occiput pale green. Palpus black, with the first two

segments white beneath. Antennal shaft white. Thorax

green, pectus whitish. Fore and middle legs blackish

anteriorly, mid tarsus paler, tibize and fore tarsus banded

with white; hind leg wholly whitish. Basal segments of

abdomen dorsally purplish fuscous with a white spot

posteriorly, the rest green (partly discoloured), the fifth

segment with a large fuscous dorsal spot, the sixth with a

minute one. Fore wing with costa very narrowly light brown,

marked with fuscous; the markings purplish fuscous, cou-

sisting of : a large central blotch, which may be somewhat

fancifully likened to a four-petalled flower, four roundish

lobes clustering round the still darker, streak-like cell-spot,

the two proximal more separated than the two distal, and

having between them a slight streak along the cell fold;

numerous small spots in the costal area and at the base of

the wing; and several transverse series, these forming an

irregular, double, inner series, considerably oblique outwards

from costa to M, a postmedian interneural series starting

from an irregular oblique blotch at costa, thence nearly

parallel with termen, a few interneural spots between the

central blotch and this series, a subterminal and a terminal

series of vein-spots, the latter extending on to the base of the

otherwise pale, almost white fringe. Hind wing similarly

marked, except at costa, but with the central blotch much

smaller, fainter, and ill-defined. Underside paler; hind wing

and inner marginal half of fore wing unmarked, costal half of

fore wing marked nearly as above; terminal dots very small,

on hind wing faint.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer).

Possibly a form, certainly a close relative, of B. puncti-

seriata, Dogn. Hét. Nouv, Amér, Sud (1) p. 18, recently

published. My description was prepared some time before

the appearance of M. Doguin’s brochure, and as a few

essential features (such as coloration of the face) seem to

differ in the two forms, I have thought it better not to

suppress it.

Blechroma rufipicta, sp. n.

¢. 27 mm.—Face dark brown, vertex green ; palpus dark

brown, rather rough-sealed, third joint whitish; antennal

shaft above banded, whitish and dark grey. Thorax green

above, marked with red-brown, whitish beneath ; legs whitish,

anterior femur and tibia with large fuscous spots aboves

234 Mr. L. B. Prout on

middle femur and tibia tipped with fuscous. Abdomen

whitish, much marked with red-brown dorsally, except

towards anus. Fore wing with apex and tornus sharper than

in typical Blechroma ; delicate light green, slightly iridescent;

costa very narrowly yellowish; a bright red-brown basal

patch and moderate-sized red spot just outside cell, the latter

preceded by two much smaller spots of the same colour just

within cell, one at the base of R’, the other just below the

cell-fold; five darker red-brown dots (on costa, C and SC at

3 mm.,on M and SM at 4 mm.) represent the inner line ;

similar vein-dots from R! to inner margin near termen

represent a subterminal series, slightly curved backwards,

mostly very small, that on R' the largest; some dark red-

brown dots between the central spot and costa; a short dark

streak along SC** at apex, an amorphous dark blotch between

costa and SC* subapically and another proximally to it

between SC and R!, also numerous scattered dark dots in

this area; dark spots on termen at ends of SC’, R!, R*, and

SM’, that at R® large and extending conspicuously into

fringe ; fringe pale. Hind wing with termen sinuous, slightly

produced at R*; a bright red-brown basal patch, rather long

and narrow; very faint traces of a somewhat zigzag first line

with two conspicuous spots, on M at 3 mm. and on inner

margin at 4 mm.; subterminal vein-dots as in fore wing ;

dark spots on termen at ends of R1, R’, and SM’, that on R®

large and extending well into fringe. Underside paler, with

fewer markings ; fore wing with the apical and subapical as

above and a costal dark streak from base to one-fifth, hind

wing with a small dark spot in fringe at R’.

Huancabamba, Cerro del Pasco, E. Peru.

A very distinct species. Seems to bea true Blechroma, in

spite of slight differences in shape; SC! of fore wing anasto-

moses rather strongly with C, whereas in conspersa, Warr.

Noy. Zool. xi. p. 502, and I suspect in the type of the genus,

it is free.

Hydata propingua, sp. n.

3. 24 mm.—Face white, mixed with ochreous above;

antenna white, tinged with ochreous; palpus ochreous,

terminal joint paler, whitish above. Fore wing, as in con-

geners, pale translucent green with strong iridescent

reflections; costa pale ochreous; some very faint reddish-

grey shading at base discernible by reason of its less trans-

parency ; a moderate cell-spot; a very indistinct purple-grey

new Neotropical Geometride. » 235

apical cloud (opaque and distinct when the insect is held

against the light), its proximal margin running from two-

thirds costa a little oblique and irregularly to M', where the

blotch abruptly terminates; spots of the ground-colour

reappearing on costa just before apex and on termen (lunu-

late-margined) from R' to R*; transverse lines obsolete.

Hind wing from base to near distal margin reddish grey; a

large, ill-defined purple-grey patch (or broad band) from

inner margin (occupying slightly more than its middle one-

third), narrowing somewhat, and becoming obsolescent before

costa; faint traces of a second, narrower grey band from

inner margin to the tooth at end of R', separating off a

narrow green terminal area; apical margin, from C to R’,

also narrowly green; a very indistinct cell-spot. Underside

similar, but with the markings still fainter ; the apical cloud

of fore wing and the median area of hind wing grey, not

yellow as in H. popayanaria, Dogn..Ann. Soc, Ent. Belg.

xly. p. 310.

Huancabamba, Cerro del Pasco, E. Peru.

Very near to H. popayanaria, Dogn., but with a more

definite apical blotch, and with the markings on the under-

side differently coloured,

Prohydata projiciens, sp. n.

6. 25-28 mm.— Face pale ochreous, slightly deeper

coloured above. Vertex white. Palpus ochreous, paler

beneath, terminal joint pale. Antenna whitish ochreous,

the shaft in part white. Fore wing with costa narrowly

ochreous, otherwise pale translucent green, feebly marked

with leaden grey, the markings consisting of: a basal patch,

extending along inner margin to at least one-third, its

anterior edge quitting costa at extreme base and irregularly

oblique to inner margin ; antemedian and postmedian lines

scarcely visible except at inner margin, where they form

diffuse grey spots with a tendency to coalesce; the ante-

median from about one-third costa, apparently nearly straight ;

the postmedian from about two-thirds costa, strongly repan-

date after M’, reaching inner margin near the antemedian ;

an elongate discal spot ; a cloud from apex to M’, its proximal

edge from SC* at about 4 mm. before apex nearly parallel

with termen (weakly concave) as far as R*, thence turning

towards termen, but sinuous; very faint traces of a line from

this cloud to inner margin, enlarged into a spot on submedian

fold ; the apical cloud encloses an elongate subterminal patch

236 Mr. L. B. Prout on

of the ground-colour between SC* and SC*, and three

terminal ones, separated only by the veins, from SC° to R*,

the anterior one being short, the posterior triangular, the

grey colour running to “the termen at R*, Hind wing almost

entirely clouded with leaden grey, leaving the margin green

from apex to R® and again from M! to tornus, and with the

faintest possible indications of a diffuse greenish postmedian

line or shade; cell-spot black, distinct, somewhat elongate.

Underside without distinct markings.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet (M. G. Palmer);

2 g g, the type dated December 1907, the other November

1907.

Similarly marked to P. apicata, Schaus, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc.

xxvii. p. 251, which I select as type of the genus, but larger

and with some other differences. Schaus in defining his

genus gives “ Palpi porrect, short” ; Ido not think this is

applicable to any species of the group, though the palpus

is much shorter in the ¢ (from which Schaus evidently

diagnosed) than in the 2, in which the third joint is

extremely elongated.

Racheospila tumefacta, sp. n.

g. 23-25 mm.—Face above red, below white, more or

less marked with red, vertex white, occiput red ; palpus red,

first and second joints white beneath, third joint tipped with

white ; antennal shaft white, pectinations pale ochreous.

Thorax green above, white beneath; legs white, marked with

red. Abdomen whitish beneath, purple-red above, with five

snow-white medio-dorsal tufts, the middle three large, subtri-

angular. Wings somewhat translucent green, finely irrorated

with white, costa of fore wing white from near base to about

two-thirds. Transverse lines whitish, fairly distinct in fine

specimens ; first sinuate, from one-fourth costa to one-third

inner margin of fore wing, continued on hind wing; second

from near three-fourths costa, lunulate-dentate (the teeth

directed distad on the veins, the deepest lunule between M?

and SM’), reaching inner margin of fore wing at about two-

thirds, continued on hind wing with a projection between R3

and M?. Fore wing with purple-red markings as follow:

a streak along costa, projecting a lunular mark which bounds

the second line proximally from SC*® to R!; an almost

angular cell-spot, filled in distally with hghter purple-red

shading, forming an irregular triangle; and a streak along

distal margin, widening into conspicuous blotches from R!

new Neotropical Geometride. 237

to R' and from tornus to above M®, besides slighter angled

projection between M' and M? and a still slighter between

R* and M'. Hind wing with purple-red markings as follow:

an elongate discal spot; a narrow inner-marginal streak,

which usually throws out some projections to submedian

fold; and a border extended into blotches at apex and tornus.

Terminal markings of both wings narrowly dark-edged

proximally, and separated from the green ground-colour by

a-yellow line. Fringes paler purplish, darker marked at the

vein-ends. Underside paler, whitish lines obsolete, discal

spot of fore wing not filled in with purple-reddish, that of

hind wing obsolete; otherwise marked as above.

Torné, Colombia, August 1907, type and three other ¢ ¢;

El Congo, Colombia, July 1907, two ¢ g; San Antonio,

W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907 (M. G. Palmer).

Variation extremely slight. May well be a local race of

R. dependens, Warr. Novy. Zool. xi. p. 25, differing in the

large marginal blotches; dependens has no blotch at the

radials. From gerularia, Hiibn. (=ocellata Stoll, nec Linn.),

and the species which I identify as decorata, Warr. Nov.

Zool. viii. p. 449 *, tumefacta differs in the possession of the

broad purple-red costal streak.

Racheospila psittacina, sp. 0.

¢. 34mm.—Face red-brown, narrowly green above;

vertex white; occiput apple-green ; palpus varied above (red-

brown, dark grey, and white), first joint below white, second

blackish grey. Antenna ochreous, basal one-third of shaft

white above. Thorax apple green above, white beneath ;

abdomen dorsally red-brown, with two snow-white spots, the

posterior the larger and more triangular. Wings with

termen scarcely sinuate. Fore wing apple-green, with costa

narrowly yellowish white ; markings purple-brown, consisting

of a rather large rounded discal spot (slightly paler in centre),

two roundish marginal blotches formed as in R. lafayaria,

Dogn. Le Nat. 1892, p. 206,and a terminal line between them,

thickening slightly towards each blotch; the blotches narrowly

margined with yellow proximally ; fringe purple - brown.

Hind wing similar, but with discal spot quite small, costa not

white, inner margin very narrowly red-brown. Under

surface similar, rather paler, the yellow more diffuse; costa

of fore wing more yellow, inner margin of hind wing not red-

* The type is in bad condition,

238 Mr. L. B. Prout on

brown ; discal spot of fore wing smaller, of hind wing scarcely

indicated.

Huancabamba, Cerro del Pasco, E. Peru (type); alsoa ¢

in Coll. Br. Mus., from Rio Janeiro, labelled psittacina by

Warren (ined.).

Extremely close to R. lafayaria, Dogn. Le Nat. 1892,

p. 206, but differing in shade of colour, bright yellow

margins of blotches, and some other details, which satisfy

M. Dognin that it is a separate species.

Xenoreria (Warr., indescr.), gen. nov.

Face smooth. Palpus ( 4) moderate, porrect, rather long-

scaled; third joint small, concealed. Antenna (<3) bipecti-

nate with long branches (apices broken). Pectus and

fore femur somewhat hairy; hind tibia (¢) dilated with

hair-pencil, all spurs well developed, tibial epiphysis prolonged

_ into a process about one-third the length of tarsus, which is

not abbreviated. Abdomen not crested. Fore wing rather

elongate, costa gently arched, apex moderate, termen entire,

nearly straight in anterior half, then suddenly oblique, hence

appearing gibbous at R* and M!', though not angled; cell

fully one-half, DC incurved, SC’ (in the type species) anasto-

mosing shortly with C, SC***4 stalked, connate with R!;

R? from above middle, M' connate with R*. Hind wing

without costal dilatation at base, frenulum developed ; apex

rounded, termen deeply sinuate from R' to R? and more

weakly from M! to tornus, toothed at R’, tornus well pro-

nounced ; cell one-half, DC slightly curved ; C anastomosing

with SC at a point near base, then rapidly diverging, SC?

stalked with R!, R? considerably above middle, M* stalked

with R*.

Type of the genus: Xenopepla bicuneata, sp. 0.

Xenopepla bicuneata, sp. un.

2. 23 mm.—Head, body, and legs uniform dark fuscous.

Wings dark fuscous, with an indistinct paler line (not

yellowish, as in flavinigra, Warr.) near to and parallel with

distal margins. Fore wing in addition with two rather large,

broadly wedge-shaped, yellow markings midway between cell

and termen, separated by R’, their narrower ends pointing

basad. Hind wing with a yellow central blotch from costa

to R*, enclosing, near its proximal margin, the thick elongate

fuscous cell-spot ; a small yellow spot between this blotch

new Neotropical Geometridae. 239

and inner margin; spots beyond cell as in fore wing, but

shorter; a very small yellow spot below the distal end of

these between R* and M'. Underside similar, on the hind

wing with the yellow markings slightly more extended and

costal margin (to vein C) yellow from close to base almost

to the central blotch.

El Congo, Colombia, July 1907; one ¢.

Clearly related to Xenopepla (nom. indescr.) flavinigra,

Warr. Noy. Zool. xiv. p. 210, but apart from the fact that

the yellow markings are somewhat lighter (less golden-

yellow) on both surfaces and the arrangement of the pattern

not quite the same there are several slight structural differ-

ences ; in flavinigra SC' of fore wing does not anastomose

with C, though briefly approximated, R’ is stalked (though

very shortly) with SC**, M! just separate from R*, M' of

hind wing connate with R', not stalked; in flavinigra, too,

the margins of the wings are slightly crenulate—those of the

fringe more strongly so, but as the fringes are lost in

bicuneata no comparison is here possible.

Subfam. Acrparimwz.

Tribe CyLLOoPODIC2.

Cyllopoda isthmica, sp. n.

¢. 38 mm.—Face black, narrowly white laterally. Head

and thorax black; abdomen fuscous above, whitish below,

narrowly marked with yellow laterally; base of tegule

laterally yellow. Fore wing golden-yellow; this ground-

colour forms two large blotches, one semi-elliptical on inner

margin from close to base to shortly before anal angle,

touching median vein above, the other broadly oval with the

two sides flattened and parallel, reaching from SC? to sub-

median fold; costal and distal margins black; the bar

between the yellow blotches very narrow; fringe black,

finely white at apex. Hind wing yellow, with a narrow black

border ending in a point on costa before apex and at tornus.

Underside similar, but with a fine white dash at apex of

fore wing before the white fringe.

Peru; one ¢ (type) received from Staudinger.

Belongs to the group of ecyrene, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc.

1885, p. 529, the areole being double, the antenna (¢) with

fascicles of cilia. Mr. Warren calls some of this section

Atyriodes, but the species which he made the type of

240 Mr. L. B. Prout on

Atyriodes (approximans, Walk.) has simple areole and pecti-

nate antenna. Typical Cy//opoda has also pectinate antenna,

and if antennal distinctions are in this group generic, a revision

will be necessary.

Tribe ACIDALIIC2.

Anisodes rubrannulata, sp. n.

@. 30 mm.—Closely similar in build, colour, and

markings to A. equalipunctata, Dogn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.

xly. p. 176, but differing in the following points: abdomen

without dorsal series of black dots, which is distinct in that

species ; fore wing with the discal ring scarcely at all mixed

with black scales, hence of a much brighter red than in

equalipunctata ; hind wing with the discal spot entirely black,

not white-centred ; both wings with the median shade (which

touches the discal spots) simple, not geminate, and with the

pale subterminal less strongly lunulate-dentate, the shading

which precedes it less interrupted, and not darkened into two

conspicuous spots between the radials, as in Dognin’s species ;

underside showing the same differences in the median, the

subterminal, &c., and, moreover, with all the markings, except

the black cell-spots, of a deep carnation shade, not grey.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer); one g.

Anisodes parcisquamata, sp. 0.

g. 84 mm.—Face brown above, whitish below; palpus

bone-colour; head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with

wings; the first four dorsal segments of abdomen each with

a distinct black-brown spot. Antennal pectinations long.

Hind tibia with three spurs. Fore wing pale pinkish brown,

with very faint and fine darker dusting; inner line marked

by the usual three black vein-dots, with an additional dot

beyond in cell, and another basewards above SC ; the other

lines oblique; median very faintly reddish, lunulate-dentate,

plainer below middle, preceded by the round black cell-spot

with a pale central dot; postmedian nearer termen than usual,

very faint, marked by black teeth on the veins; subterminal

close to postmedian, indicated by a slight dark shade on

costa containing a black dot above SC’, and by two elongate

black spots between the radials; large black terminal spots

between, and minute black dots at the ends of the veins ;

fringe concolorous. Hind wing with a black spot at base ;

inner line marked by black dots on M and SM’; cell-spot as

see e)—lCO ee

new Neotropical Geometridae. 241

in fore wing; a reddish median line from it to inner margin,

where it is marked with black ; postmedian and subterminal

as in fore wing, but instead of the costal shade the sub-

terminal is marked by coalescent black spots on veins at

inner margin. Underside duller, marked like upper; fore

wing with base diffusely dark grey, costa towards apex olive-

brownish ; subterminal interruptedly blackish.

Huancabamba, Cerro del Pasco, E. Peru; one ¢.

Allied in shape and markings to the group containing

bipartita, Warr. Nov. Zool, vii. p. 141, but the termen of

hind wing is more strongly toothed at R* than in that species.

Anisodes renisligma, sp. n.

3. 28 mm.—Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with

wings; antennal shaft spotted with rosy purple ; upper edge

of palpus rosy purple; abdomen dorsally with two small

purple spots, at base of third and fourth segments. Hind

tibia hairy, with terminal spurs only. Wings broad, termen

(especially of hind wing) well crenulate. Fore wing ochreous,

slightly tinged with pale brown and with numerous fine grey

and purple speckles; black vein-dots near base indicating a

subbasal line ; antemedian pale brown, lunulate-dentate, the

teeth marked by black points on veins ; median more concise

and brighter, lunulate-dentate, dark grey in costal third,

followed by a diffuse brown shade; postmedian parallel to

median, marked by black dots on the veins ; subterminal

pale between grey shades, the proximal marked by a blackish

dot above SC*® and below M! and black spots between the

radials; terminal area thickly grey speckled; terminal black

spots between veins and minute dots at their ends ; cell-spot

reniform, consisting of slightly raised pale lilac-grey scales

outlined with dark. Hind wing with base and costal area

paler ; cell-spot larger, closely followed by a brown median

line, which is nearly straight from inner margin to R’, there

angled; the rest as in fore wing. Underside pale straw-

colour, without speckling except along costa of fore wing ;

all the lines thick, rosy purple.

Chanchamayo, E. Peru; one ¢@.

Semeopus anfractata, sp. n.

¢. 36 mm.— Face and fore leg brown; palpus externally

blackish ; vertex, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with

wings. Wings shaped nearly as in indignaria, Guen.

(Cnemodes) ; fore wing weakly subfaleate, Bone-colour,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 16

242 Mr. L. B. Prout on

finely dusted with grey. Fore wing with costal edge rufous ;

lines fine, of mixed brown and black scales, the black pre-

dominating in the submarginal; inner line oblique inwards,

faintly curved below middle and angled on SC; outer sinuous,

incurved on both folds, followed by a band of grey scales ; a

submarginal line zigzag, strongly dentate-lunulate, the teeth

in the two folds nearly reaching the grey band; terminal

area beyond densely grey-dusted ; terminal line very slender ;

fringe concolorous ; cell-mark linear, blackish. Hind wing

with cell-mark oval, whitish grey with black edges; median

line brownish, less regularly waved, with a fine grey line

beyond it; a submarginal line as in fore wing, but with

the tooth on SC? strongly produced basewards.

Sapucay, Paraguay, 14 July, 1903 (W. Foster) ; one @.

Belongs presumably to the Cnemodes section of the genus,

the antennal pectinations being as in indignaria, Guen. The

hind-tibial scent-organs are much less developed, wanting

the felt-like and red-coloured masses which in that species

replace tibia and tarsus, and consisting merely of a single

long brush reaching about to the end of the tarsus, which is

short, but not aborted; on the other hand, the middle leg is

furnished with a felt-like lappet and short hair-tuft at the

femoro-tibial joint, and with dense masses of long hair on

the tibia. The only other species known to me which

presents this structure is Sem@opus vacuata (Warr.) *, also

from Sapucay ; it is not impossible that anfractata may prove

an extraordinary aberration of that species.

Hamalia flavida, sp. n.

g. 24mm.—Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with

wings; palpus externally and at tip reddish ; venter and legs

yellow, fore leg tinged with purple. Fore wing dull yellow

sprinkled with red scales; the lines purplish brown; ante-

median from one-fifth costa, vertical below an angle on SC;

median thick, slightly outbent and touching the cell-mark

externally, bent on M? and thence more oblique to before

middle of inner margin; postmedian oblique outwards to

termen at R’, thence forming terminal lunules to anal angle ;

a broad diffuse oblique streak from base of costa to anal

angle ; marginal line purple; fringe dull yellow chequered

with purplish; cell-mark of slightly raised scales, white,

* Cnemodes viridiplaga ab. vacuata, Warr. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 216; I

have not been able to examine Walker’s viridiplaga since my attention

was directed to the structural peculiarities,

new Neotropical Geometridx. 243

linear, dark-margined. Hind wing more thickly sprinkled

with reddish scales; cell-mark as in fore wing; a dark

purplish mark at base, a median line just beyond cell-mark ;

the outer line showing only at costa and in the terminal

lunules below middle. Underside yellow flushed with dull

red; the lines slightly marked.

Huancabamba, N.E. Peru, 5000-6400 feet, January 1906 ;

one g. M. Dognin possesses a precisely similar but smaller

example from French Guiana.

Close to H. divaricata, Warr. Nov. Zool. iv. p. 439

(Lipomelia), but at once distinguished by its yellow ground-

colour and oblique longitudinal streak.

Warren’s genus Lipomelia was erected for the Indian

species subusta, Warr., with simple areole. Whether some

slight character will ultimately be found whereby to separate

his American ‘ Lipomelia” (with double areole) from

Hamalia, Hiibn., I am not at the moment prepared to say.

In the present species SC* of fore wing arises from the cell,

anastomoses at a point with SC! and then very lengthily with

SC* from shortly before the departure of SC®; SC? of hind

wing is connate or barely stalked with R’.

Hamalia parallela, sp. n.

d. 21-23 mm.—Face and collar dark brown ; vertex and

base of antennal shaft white; thorax and abdomen pale

ochreous. Fore wing pale ochreous tinged with pale sandy

brownish ; costal edge purple-brown to middle and brown-

speckled above SC ; lines pale brown, indented on submedian

fold; antemedian nearly vertical, slightly outeurved from

costa to fold ; median and postmedian parailel to each other

throughout, incurved on both folds, the postmedian lunulate-

dentate, with the teeth short and pointing basewards; sub-

terminal line pale, wavy, between two interrupted bands of

sandy brown; veins brownish towards termen; terminal

line blackish, interrupted by the pale veins and somewhat

swollen between ; fringe ochreous, with a paler line at base ;

cell-spot small aud dark. Hind wing somewhat paler, less

tinged» with brownish; without the inner line; termen

bluntly bent at R'. Underside yellowish ochreous, with the

lines showing through; fore wing with basal third of costa

broadly brown.

Sapucay, Paraguay (W. Fosier) ; several g g in Coll. L.

B. Prout and Coll. Brit. Mus.

Much resembles bolydata, Walk. List Lep. Ins. xxii.

244 Mr. L. B. Prout on

p- 727, immunda, Dogn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. lu. p. 266, and

reducta, Dogn., idid., distinguished by the two parallel outer

lines; from dotydata also by its more ochreous tone, less

sharp markings, more interrupted terminal line, and absence

of distinct dark spots in the fringe; Dognin’s species I do

not possess for more detailed comparison.

Evuprycnoropa, gen. nov.

Face smooth.. Palpussmall. Tongue present. Antenna

in 2 subserrate, very shortly ciliated. Hind tibia in g

almost certainly aborted and without spurs, as in Ewacidalia,

in ¢ with one long median spur and a pair of unequal

terminal. Wings long and narrow. Termen of fore wing

entire, or very slightly sinuate towards tornus ; of hind wing

strongly toothed at the vein-ends, with rounded incisions

between, the tooth at M’ the strongest. Fore wing with

cell one-half, SC! from cell, anastomosing with the stalk of

SC** to form a single areole ; M’ separate from R*; M?

from near M’. Hind wing with C anastomosing ata point

with SC or connected by an extremely short bar, thence

gradually diverging, SC? stalked with R', M! separate from

R*; M? from near M!.

Type of the genus: Euptychopoda yponomeutaria (Guen.)

= Acidalia yponomeutaria, Guen.

Aspect of Euacidalia, Pack. 5th Rep. Peab. Ac. Sci.

p-. 69, with which it has hitherto been confounded ; differing

in the simple areole, in the more sharply dentate margin of

the hind wing (suggesting a transition to the curious genus

Odontoptila, Warr. Nov. Zool. iv. p. 440), and in the tibial

armature of the 2, Huacidalia wanting the median spur.

The areole, however, is possibly inconstant in this genus,

as I have seen an unnamed species from Brazil and Paraguay,

extremely similar to /. caudata, and with the same tibial

armature, which has the areole double.

Euptychopoda caudata, sp. 0.

9. 19 mm.—Face dark fuscous. Head and body con-

colorous with wings. Fore wing whitish ashy, speckled with

fuscous atoms, the terminal area from postmedian darker ;

a fuscous spot on costa before one-third, and another on SC

very obliquely beyond it, antemedian line otherwise obsolete;

a rather weak median line following the small dark cell-spot,

starting from a dark spot on costa and running parallel with

new Neotropical Geometride. 245

termen, but slightly outeurved near costa; postmedian from

just before three-fourths costa, commencing with a dark

dash and consisting of a series of dark vein-dots parallel

with termen ; subterminal line whitish ashy, rather thick,

forming a double indentation below costa, another behind

cell, and a third (less distinctly double) between M? and

SM?*. Hind wing similarly coloured, the cell-spot diffuse,

the lines obsolescent. Underside similarly marked, but

much more weakly, the markings (especially on fore wing)

being partly obliterated by an increased dark suffusion.

Bartica, British Guiana (W. J. Kaye), type; a second 2

from Para, May 1898 (J. Trumbull), in Coll. Brit. Mus,

Very similar to 2. yponomeutaria (Guen.) from the West

Indies, but readily distinguished as follows :—hind wing, at

least in 2 (¢ unknown), more acutely toothed at M'; fore

wing with postmedian line much straighter (in yponomeu-

taria it is angled outwards on R', and bends inwards beneath

the cell), subterminal somewhat more irregular, terminal line

more continuous (in yponomeutaria it consists of a series of

roundish dots between the veins), fringe rather more strongly

spotted.

Acidalia atridiscata (Warr.), ab. obsoleta, nov. ab.

¢. Differs from the type (Hemalea atridiscata, Warr.

Noy. Zool. xi. p. 37) in the entire obsolescence of the charac-

teristic black discal mark, the position of the discocellulars

being merely indicated very faintly by an elongate light

brown mark. Termen of hind wing very slightly bent at

R’, which is not perceptible in any vinocinctata that IL have

seen, nor in the figure of atridiscata which I have before me.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, November 1907

(M. G. Palmer) ; one 3.

Mr. Warren is strongly inclined to regard atridiscata

(described from Peru) asa form of vinocinctata, Guen. The

alliance is certainly very close, but I think they should be

kept distinct. I have not been able to study much material,

but in any case the antenna of my ab. obdsolefa is more

strongly dentate than in the Brazilian vinocinctata, the

fascicles of cilia apparently somewhat longer and stronger.

It is not unlikely that obso/eta may prove specifically distinct

from both the others, or at least a constant local race.

I find in this species no structural differences from

Acidalia (= Craspedia, Hmpsn. = Emmillis, Warr.), the

slightly more pointed fore wing certainly not being generic.

246 On new Neotropical Geometride.

Homalia, Hiib., to which Warren refers it, has the areole

double ; usually, also, SC* and R’ of the hind wing stalked ;

neither is the case with vinocinctata and atridiscata.

Subfam. Darenrrinz.

Amaurinia serrilineata, sp. Nn.

¢. 28mm.—Face deep fulvous, mixed with purple-brown;

vertex and antennal shaft snow-white ; head, thorax, and dor-

sum brownish fulvous ; venter, legs, and anal tufts yellowish.

Fore wing deep yellow, irregularly suffused with fulvous and

purple-brown except a triangular apical space; the extreme

termen above and below middle pale lemon-yellow; the

lines diffusely brown; indistinct across the paler apical

space, where they are seen to be distinctly serrate ; cell-

spot cloudily blackish, the costa above it darker ; the purple-

brown suffusion reaches to termen between R* and M’, and

at the ends of these veins darkens the fringe, which is else-

where pale yellow. Hind wing suffused with purple-brown

and fulvous, darkest at base, crossed by indistinct lines, its

edge distinctly dentate and not reaching termen at middle,

the termen narrowly yellow throughout ; fringe yellow.

Underside of fore wing leaden grey, the costal area dull

fulvous ; apex and termen very pale yellow; hind wing

paler with the lines thick and more distinct, the termen very

pale yellow.

Huancabamba, N.E. Peru, 5000-6000 feet, January 1906 ;

one 6. ;

The termen of both wings is slightly more gibbous in the

middle than in the following species. Both have the costa

of the hind wing relatively short, termen and inner margin

long, tornus therefore produced, but in neither is the termen

angled at R*, as in some of the genus.

Amaurinia cellulata, sp. n.

¢. 28 mm.—Face, collar, and prothorax dull fulvous;

vertex and antennal shaft white; abdomen grey, tinged

with fulvous, especially towards base. Fore wing dull

lavender-grey, the costal area and cell dull fulvous; cell-

spot black, distinct ; lines thick and wavy, very indistinct,

except above the middle, three before and three beyond the

cell-spot ; termen narrowly pale yellow, the grey ground-

colour a little deeper before it and slightly projecting

between R’ and M'; fringe yellow (defective). Hind wing

narrowly dull fulvyous at base only, limited by a dark line ;

Bibliographical Notice. 247

another curved thick line just beyond middle ; fainter lines

on each side of it ; the grey area is more broadly darkened

before the yellow margin, and distinctly crenulate. Under-

side duller.

Huancabamba, N.E. Peru, 5000-6000 feet, January 1906 ;

one ¢.

Amaurinia fulva, sp. n.

6 2. 25 mm.—Face dark fulvous; fillet snow-white ;

head, thorax, and abdomen greyish fulvous. Fore wing

bright pale fulvous, the basal area and costal region suffused

with dull rufous brown; the lines dark brown, outcurved

and waved, slightly bent below costa and below middle, at

nearly even distances apart on costa, but the postmedian

approaching median below middle; a dark brown linear

cell-spot just beyond antemedian line ; terminal line dark

brown ; fringe dull yellow. Hind wing with two brown

lines, the inner very faintly curved, nearly straight, the

outer at or slightly beyond middle of wing; angled or

strongly bent on M'; terminal area with three or four very

faint darker wavy lines, which are still more obscure on

fore wing. Underside much paler, especially on hind wing ;

the lines reddish grey and wavy, the subterminal more

distinct.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer), the type 3; alsotwo other ¢ ¢, December,

and one ?, November; all from the same locality.

The termen of fore wing is slightly gibbous between R’*

and M', oblique below, and faintly concave above; of hind

wing bluntly angled. Allied to A. bifilata, Warr. Nov. Zool.

ii. p. 103 (Cambogia ?). Some specimens are slightly darker

and more purplish-tinged than the type.

[To be continued. }

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

A Natural History of the British Butterflies, their World-wide

Variation and Geographical Distribution. A Text-book for

Students and Collectors. By J. W. Tutt, F.E.S. Vol. ILL. S8va

London, 1908-09. Pp. viii, 410; pls. 53. Price £1,

We have received another instalment of Mr. Tutt’s enormously

elaborate work on British Lepidoptera, being the tenth of the

whole series. The amount of matter it contains is far more than

248 Bibliographical Notice.

the appearance of the outside of the book might indicate, for it is

so closely printed that the average number of words on a page

seems to be somewhere about 650.

The first part of the present volume, comprising 40 pages, is devoted

to Family Habits in Butterfly Larve,—the Chrysophanids, the

Urbicolids, and the Papilionids, and coordinates a great amount of

scattered information relative to exotic as well as to British

species. The second part of this volume, comprising 358 pages,

is. devoted to five species only of our British ‘ Blues ”—Zveres

argiades, Cupido minimus, Plebeius argus (egon), Cyaniris semiargus,

and Agriades thetis (bellargus). The remainder of the volume is

taken up by errata, index, &c.

As an illustration of the thoroughness of Mr. Tutt’s work, we

may analyze the fifty pages devoted to Cupido minimus, Fuessly

(alsus Fabr.), the Bedford Blue. First we have nearly a page of

synonymy of the genus Cupido, a translation of Schrank’s analysis

of his subdivisions, and a discussion on the real type. Then

follows a page of synonymy of the species; the original description ;

paragraphs on Sexual Dimorphism, Variation, followed by full

descriptions and critical remarks on 12 named varieties; among

them being lorguinit of Herrich-Schiiffer, which Mr. Tutt is inclined

to regard as probably a distinct species. Next we have sections on

Egg-laying, Ovum, Habits of Larva, Variation of Larva, Food-

plants, Parasites, Puparium, and Pupa. Finally, we have sections

dealing with Times of Appearance throughout the range of the

species, Habits, Habitats, British Localities, and Distribution.

The structure and development of the larva is treated of in very

great detail, and illustrated by 9 plates, several containing two

sections; another plate being devoted to beautiful photographie

figures of the butterfly at rest in various positions, likewise of the

larve and the under surface of the butterfly, and a pupa-skin of

Bveres argiades.

The other species dealt with in this volume are discussed in an

equally elaborate manner, including Hveres argiades, just mentioned,

which Mr. Tutt regards as only doubtfully British.

Although the bulk of the illustrations deal with the earlier stages

of the insects, several are devoted to perfect insects, especially

plate 4, exhibiting varieties of Everes argiades, Cupido minimus,

and Plebeius argus; plate 5, showing Lveres argiades, with varieties

and allied species; and plate 42, which, with the exception of a few

figures devoted to Cyaniris semiargus, is entirely devoted to a

wonderful series of aberrations of Agriades thetis.

We hope that Mr. Tutt may live to bring out many more volumes

of a book which is quite as important to the general student of

Lepidoptera as to the entomologist who confines his attention

exclusively to British species, W. F. K.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

[EIGHTH SERIES. }

No. 33. SEPTEMBER 1910.

XXVIIL—A Survey of the South-African Stenogyriney, with

Descriptions of several new Species. By M. CONNOLLY.

(Plate VI.]

Ever since Krauss, in 1848, described, under the names of

Bulimus turriformis and B. linearis, specimens of shells

brought by J. A. Wahlberg from Natal and Mt. Mohapaani

respectively, there has existed some confusion regarding them,

which has rendered difficult the task of differentiating be-

tween them and other closely allied members of their family

which abound over a great part of the Dark Continent.

Both Krauss’s descriptions can be and have been applied

by different authorities to totally different species from widely

divergent localities, while his figures do not sufficiently bring

out the details lacking in his descriptions.

Thanks to the courtesy of Dr, Sigalmar Théel, of the Royal

Academy of Stockholm, I have been privileged to examine

original specimens collected by Wahlberg and determined by

Dr. Krauss. ‘The results are of considerable importance, and

would alone justify the appearance of a paper on the subject.

The determination of Krauss’s species Reaves without names

several forms, some of which have been long known to

collectors, but more or less inappropriately referred by them

to turriformis or linearis. By the classification of some of

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 17

250 Major M. Connolly on

these forms I hope to do something towards unravelling the

tangle that has existed with regard to them, and has made

the arrangement of Stenogyrine one of the most difficult

branches of South-African conchology.

A difficulty presenting itself at the outset is that of

deciding how much latitude can be allowed for local and

individual variation. As Dr. Pilsbry points out, some

members of the family are peculiarly subject to dimorphism,

two forms of the same shell, a slender and a stouter, with

intermediate degrees, all other features remaining the same,

often coexisting in the same locality. It is therefore ob-

viously impossible to attach much importance to mere differ-

ence in the breadth of two shells, although it may entirely

alter their general relative appearance. It must also be borne

in mind that the live shell of nearly every South-African

Stenogyroid in good condition is normally very pale bluish

green (olivaceous) in colour, very thin, nearly transparent,

with a bright gloss that varies from a high polish in the

smoother species to a duller silky sheen when the sculpture is

sufficiently pronounced to ridge, ever so slightly, the smooth-

ness of the shell. Even live specimens, if exposed to climatic

influence, are apt to lose their gloss and transparency and

take on a general yellowish tinge, often before maturity,

while dead shells soon become white and opaque, losing

whatever gloss they originally possessed. Good live speci-

mens, too, are often so affected by immersion in spirit as to

lose much of their translucency, and become blotched with

creamy stripes or stains.

Differences of the above nature, then, can only be regarded

as of a certain minor relative importance ; and the question

remains, how much notice must be taken, in the division of

the species, of the nature of their epidermis and sculpture,

breadth of apex, shape and number of whorls, amount ot

perforation, and size and shape of aperture. With the excep-

tion of the last-mentioned, these points will be found to

remain almost constant in even a large colony of most species

under discussion, and to vary comparatively little in shells,

attributable to the same species, gathered from widely different

parts of the country; it is therefore from a close study of

these details in particular that my inferences have been

drawn.

In following the classification adopted by Dr. H. A. Pilsbry

in his ‘ Manual of Conchology,’ vol. xviii., I may point out

that that author admits that the reference of certain species

to one or other genus has been in many instances purely

arbitrary. Some forms undoubtedly appear to be wrongly

the South-A/rican Stenogyrina. 251

placed at present; but while so much uncertainty exists

regarding the habits and anatomy of many of the animals, I

think it inadvisable to further complicate matters by a possibly

erroneous reclassification.

In the following notes, every shell of which I have counted

the whorls and taken the measurements has been so dealt

with lying flat on its back, aperture upwards. The very

important measurement which I call length of last whorl is

that taken from the extreme base of the aperture to the centre

of the suture immediately above it.

I have usually taken as type the largest specimen available.

Nearly all Stenogyrine begin to reproduce before attaining

full size, though, as a general rule, the presence of eggs in

the ovary may be taken as proof that the shell is at least

two-thirds grown. Some species, however, certainly begin

to reproduce before their shells attain half the size of typically

large specimens. Whether these individuals would, in ordi-

nary course, continue growth to large dimensions, or whether

their growth at the time of reproduction is almost completed,

has not, I believe, yet been determined.

In the present survey I have taken as my northern geogra-

phical limit the Tropic of Capricorn, thus excluding the genus

Subulina, which is a tropical rather than a South-African

form.

With the exception of Euonyma unicornis, the types of all

the new species have been presented by Messrs. Ponsonby,

Farquhar, or myself to the British Museum.

REFERENCE List, witH NOrEs.

Family Achatinida.

Subfamily Srzevocrrive.

Genus EvonyMA, M. & P., 1906.

(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 316.)

Proposed by Melvill and Ponsonby for the sinistral form

leocochlis, and extended by Pilsbry to embrace the South-

African group of “ rather large, slender Stenogyroid snails ”’

which he considers to differ from Opeas chiefly in their larger

size and general aspect, and to be kept separate from Steno-

gyra solely by the diverse geographical distribution, Stenogyra

in the restricted sense comprising only tropical American

species.

It rests with some future student of anatomy to decide

252 Major M. Connolly on

whether Euonyma can stand. As at present constituted, it

very possibly comprises representatives of three different

genera; but, for reasons previously mentioned, I adhere to

Pilsbry’s arrangement of the genus, and at the same time

place therein, provisionally, several forms hitherto un-

described, which, though nearly allied to Opeas, exceed it in

average size.

1. Euonyma linearis (Krauss). (Pl. VI. fig. 4.)

1848. Bulimus linearis, Krs. Die siidafr, Mollusken, p. 78, pl. v. fig. 3.

1848. Bulimus linearis, Krs., Pfr. Mon. Hel. Viv. ii. p. 157.

*1850. Bulimus linearis, Krs., Reeve, Conch. Icon. v. tig. 648.

1845-55. Bulimus linearis, Kra. Conchyl. Cab. i. p. 257, pl. Ixix.

tigs. 15-17.

*1880. Bulimus linearis, Krs., Craven, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 616.

1881. Stenogyra (Opeas) linearis, Krs., Pfr. Nomencl. Hel. Viv. p. 321.

*1889. Bulimus linearis, Kys., Morelet, Journ, de Conch. xxxvii. p. 19.

1898. Subulina linearis, Krs., M. & P. Proc. Mal. Soe, iii. p. 179,

*1898. Opeas lineare, Krs., Sturany, Siidafr. Moll. p. 61 (reprint).

1906. Euonyma linearis, Krs., Pilsbry, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 44,

pl. x. figs. 79, 80.

As the proper understanding of this species and its distri-

bution is of importance, I append in tabular form (a) Krauss’s

description of the type and (2) Pfeiffer’s of the shells in

Krauss’s collection :—

(a) (2)

B., Testa subrimata, Testa subperforata,

turrito-subulata, turrito aubnlatiy

tenui, solidula,

nitidula, vix nitidula,

cornea, corneo straminea,

subtilissime striata ; arcuatim striatula;

spira elongata, apice acutiuscula; —apice acutiuscula ;

anfractibus 10, subplanis, anfr. 10, convexiusculi,

ultimo } longitudinis zequante ; ultimus 2 longitudinis subeequans ;

basi rotundatus ;

columella stricta ; columella recta, subverticalis ;

apertura ovali; apertura elliptica, utrinque atten-

uata ;

peristomate simplice, acuto ; peristoma simplex, rectum;

margine dextro arcuato ; margine dextro antrorsum dilatato ;

columellari breyiter reflexo, basi columellari reflexo, perforationem

appresso. fere tegente.

Long. 5°8, diam. 1°3 lin. [7. e, long. Long. 135 mill., diam. 33. Ap. 3

12:27, diam. 2°75 mm. |. long., medio 2 lata (Coll. Krs,

spec. max.).

In monte Mohapaani ad flumen Hab. in Monte Mobapaani, Afr.

Limpopo ; legit J. A. Wahlberg. merid.

* Itis doubtful to what actual species these authors refer,

the South-African Stenogyrine. 253

Krauss further remarks that B. linearis is near akin to

B. turriformis, but “is much narrower and longer in propor-

tion ; almost cylindriform; plainly striated ; has 10 whorls

and a less elongated aperture. The stria, which are only

visible under a lens, and the outer lip are curved.”

The cotype, kindly shown me by Dr. Théel, from the

Stockholm Museum, is elongate, narrowly rimate, olivaceous,

thin, almost transparent, not very glossy. Spire produced,

very slowly tapering, outline a little swollen about the fifth

whorl. Apex rounded. Whorls 8, somewhat convex, gradu-

ally increasing after the first, which is very small and rather

mamillate ; all except the first two plainly covered with fine,

regular, curved stria. Suture clearly defined, not at all fili-

form. Aperture ovate, rather flattened at base. Peristome

simple, acute. Outer lip slightly curved outwards, arched

forward. Columella straight, margin very narrowly flatly

reflexed over the small rima, which it almost conceals,

Shell 11:2 mm. long., 3°0 lat.; aperture 3°3x1:3 mm.;

last whorl 5 mm.

The shell is full of eggs.

A small species, which might be better placed in Opeas ;

clearly differing from £. crystallina, M. & P., of Natal in its

duller texture, more convex whorls, and almost fusiform

contour; while L. pietersburgensis, Preston, appears to have

more convex whorls and a shorter aperture.

Unfortunately there exists some doubt as to the exact

whereabouts of the sole locality quoted by Krauss and

Pfeiffer for this species—Mount Mohapaani,—which Krauss

describes as being ‘‘ beyond the Quathlamba” (or Drakens-

berg) ; ‘on the R. Limpopo”’; and “ deep in the interior.”

The nearest modern equivalent to Krauss’s name is Mopani

or Mokoro, a station on the Buluwayo line just south of the

Lotsani R., a tributary of the Limpopo, doubtless deriving its

name from the quantities of the rather unjustly ill-famed

mopani tree which abounds in the neighbourhood. Dr. Théel,

however, very kindly informs me that “ Wahlberg in his own

journal writes Mount Mokopoani, alternating with Moko-

paani,” in which case its modern name appears more likely

to be Makapan, occurring more than once in the district

between Pretoria and Pietersburg, and including Makapans-

poort, near Pietpotgietersrust, where a party of Boer vor-

trekkers were entrapped by the native chiefs Mapela and

Makapan in 1852, and Hermans Potgieter, their leader, flayed

alive after all his companions had been killed.

Whichever be the true habitat of 2. linearis, it is in the

highest degree unlikely to have spread from its northern

254 Major M. Connolly on

fastness into Natal or Cape Colony, the more so as it has not

yet been found in the intervening country. But owing to

the lack of detail in Krauss’s figure and the marked discrep-

ancies between his and Pfeiffer’s descriptions, it is hardly

surprising to find that other shells, little resembling the

original, from widely divergent districts, have been erro-

neously attributed, in museum and private collections, to

linearis, and accepted by subsequent writers as typical of

Krauss’s species. ‘Thus Reeve describes under this name a

specimen in the Cuming collection as a “ delicate glassy shell

in which the suture is distinguished throughout by a fine

elevated ridge ’’ (an attribute only found, in South Africa, in

Hypolysia florentia, M. & P.), and gives the rather mixed

locality ‘‘ Portnatal, South Africa (near the river Limpopo).”

Sturany also refers toexamples collected by Dr. Penther in

Durban and Isipingo as having shiny surface and thread-like

suture, neither of which exists in the cotype in the Stockholm

Museum.

I have not seen the shells attributed to linearis by Craven

from Winburg, O.R.C., or Lydenburg, Transvaal, but have

looked through several series from many parts of Natal, Cape

Colony, and Southern Transvaal, without finding anything

to match the Stockholm cotype; and having regard to the

foregoing geographical facts, 1 think it may be reasonably

inferred that the specimens brought home by Wahlberg are

possibly the only true examples of EZ. linearis yet known in

Europe, and that all other records of its appearance have

been made from specimens of E. erystallina, M. & P., H. flor-

entie, M. & P., and possibly one or two other species, yet

undescribed, each answering in more or less degree to Krauss’s

description and figure, but not agreeing with his type.

1 may here add that Mr. E. L. Layard, in his manuscript

notes, remarks: “linearis, Krauss, extends to Cape Town,

where I have procured many specimens about damp places in

gardens and yards, such as stones about a pump, on which

water was continually dripping.” It is impossible to say to

what actual species Layard referred, but the note is of interest

as the only record of the appearance of a Stenogyra in the

Cape Peninsula, where nothing of the kind has been found in

recent years.

2. Euonyma pietersburgensis (Preston).

1909. Subulina pietersburgensie, Preston, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. iv.

p. 499 (text-figure).

Hab, NORTHERN TRANSVAAL, Pietersburg (fid. Preston).

the South-African Stenogyrine. 255

Not a Subulina. I place it provisionally in Zuonyma on

account of its kinship to linearis, from which it is apparently

separable by its shorter aperture.

Euonyma pietersburgensis (Preston), var. levis (nov.).

(Pl. VI. fig. 8.)

Shell elongate, narrow, turriform, subrimate, thin, glossy,

transparent, pale olivaceous. Spire produced, acute, slowly

and evenly tapering ; apex rounded. Whorls 94, gradually

increasing ; slightly convex; the first two smooth, the very

fine curved stria on the remainder being scarcely visible

without a lens. Aperture short, almost oblong, rather flat-

tened at the base. Peristome simple, acute. Outer lip

nearly straight, very slightly arched forward and a little

retracted towards the base. Columella straight, margin

extremely narrowly reflexed, almost entirely adnate. Callus

none.

Shell 12°4 x 3-0, aperture 3°1 x 1°3, last whorl 4°9 mm.

Hab, ‘TRANSVAAL, Warmbaths, Pienaar’s Poort, Pietpot-

gietersrust (Connol/y) ; Zoutpansberg (Cregoe).

Smoother and move polished than typical Z. pietersburg-

ensis, but running into it through large series. Hardly so

slender a form as LE. erystallina, M. & P., with comparatively

shorter broader aperture. More glossy and less markedly

striate than Z. linearis, Krs.

E. pietersburgensis and the smoother var. levis agree rather

nearly with both the original figure and description of

E. linearis ; as, however, they certainly do not agree with

the Stockholm cotype of the latter, they must for the present

be considered distinct.

3. Euonyma crystallina (Melv. & Pons.),

1896. Subulina ecrystallina, M.& P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xviii.

p- 316, pl. xvi. fig. 4.

1898. Subulina crystallina, M. & P. Proc. Mal. Soc. iii. p. 179.

1898. Opeas crystallinum, M. & P., Sturany, Siid-Afr. Moll. p. 60.

1906, Euonyma crystallina, M. & P., Pilsbry, Man. of Conch. xviii.

p. 45, pl. x. fig. 81.

Hab. Very widely distributed over Zululand, Natal, and

the Eastern Province, Cape Colony.

A slender little shell, very near the narrow border-line

between Opeasand Euonyma. Far smoother and more highly

polished than Z. linearis, with rather less convex whorls and

more regularly tapering spire.

256 Major M. Connolly on

Extremes of form may be found to differ so far in certain

details as almost to appear separate species, but careful com-

parison of larger series renders it impossible to regard them

as other than varieties of the same. It is probable that all

reported occurrences of E. linearis, Krs., in the south-eastern

corner of the subcontinent are referable to the present species

or to Hypolysia florentia, M. & P.

4. Euonyma turriformis (Krauss). (Pl. VI. fig. 1.)

1848. Bulimus turriformis, Krs. Die siidafr. Mollusken, p. 78, pl. v.

tig. 2.

1848. Bulimus turriformis, Krs., Pfr. Zeitschr. fiir Malak. p. 121.

1853. Bulimus turriformis, Krs., Pfr. Mon. Hel. Viv. iii. p. 392.

1880. Bulimus (Stenogyra) turriformis, Krs., Craven, P. Z. 8. p. 615.

1881. Stenogyra (Opeas) turriformis, Krs., Pfr. Nomencl. Hel. Viv.

. 320.

1889. Bulimus turriformis, Krs., Morelet, Journ. de Conch. xxxvii.

p- 19.

1898. Opeas turriforme, Krs., Sturany, Siidafr. Moll. p. 60.

1898. Subulina turriformis, Krs., M. & P. Proc. Mal. Soc. iii. p. 179.

1899. Opeas turriforme, Krs., Stur. Denkschr. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien,

Ixvii. p. 596.

1906. Euonyma turriformis, Krs., Pilsbry, Man. of Conch. xviii p. 43,

pl. x. figs. 77, 78.

Not Bulimus turriformis, Krs., Reeve, Conch. Icon. 1850,

spec. 652, Mus. Cuming, which, perhaps, most resembles

E. lanceolata, Pfr., juv.

Hab. Nata. (Wahlberg, fid. Krauss). Widely distributed

over the Eastern Province, Cape Colony; Natal; and Zulu-

land. Craven’s loc., Lydenburg, Transvaal, is very doubtful.

Krauss’s description runs :—“ B. testa subrimata, elongato-

turrita, tenui, nitida, cornea, sublevi; spira elongata, acuti-

uscula ; anfractibus 9 convexiusculis, ultimo } longitudinis

zequante ; columella stricta; apertura oblongo-ovali; peri-

stomate simplice, acuto, recto, margine columellari breviter

reflexo, basi aduato. Long. 7,5, diam. 2,2 lin.” (7. e. long.

15°87, lat. 4°65 mm.). “In terra natalense; legit J. A.

Wahlberg.”

The specimen kindly lent me by Dr. Théel is elongate,

turriform, rimate, olivaceous, thin, only moderately glossy,

semitransparent. Spire produced, acute, evenly tapering.

Apex rounded. Whorls 9, gradually increasing ; but little

convex; the first two smooth, remainder faintly sculptured

with fine, regular, close, curved striz, hardly visible to the

naked eye before the sixth whorl. Suture well defined, but

not deep. Aperture almost elliptical, rounded at base. Peri-

the South-African Stenogyrine. 257

stome thin, simple. Outer lip hardly curved outwards (and

doubtless would be slightly arched forwards in profile, but

the present specimen is pee persect) Columella very slightly

concave, margin triangularly reflexed over the rima.

Shell 15°6 x 4:2, aperture 4°6 x 1°75, last whorl 7-0 mm.

Hab. Nataw ( Wahlberg).

The shell contains eggs. It agrees in form with Krauss’s

figure, and there is no reason to regard it as other than

typical of 2. turriformis. Much confusion has arisen with

regard to this species, from the fact that it was described

from shells which, though almost perhaps themselves mature,

had hardly grown to half the proportions which the species is

capable of attaining ; Wahlberg’s specimens, too, were of a

more slender contour than generally occurs—facts which,

combined with the use of the word “ nitido” in the original

description, have caused other forms to pass as typical of

Krauss’s species.

Now it appears obviously necessary to accept the Stockholm

cotype as the basis on which to reconstruct the perplexing

Natal Huonyme ; and, after allowing a margin for it to attain

full proportions, remembering that it is a slender form of a

species particularly subject to dimorphism, and taking into

careful consideration its colour, form, texture, and sculpture,

it seems that the two following, hitherto considered distinct

species, should be regarded as at most varieties of turr/formis.

Var. acus (Morelet). (PI. VI. fig. 2.)

1889. Stenogyra acus, Morelet, Journ. de Conch. xxxvii. p. 8, p i. fig. 6,

1896. Subulina glaucocyanea, Mely. & Pons. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

xviii. p. 317, pl. xvi. fig. 5.

rs ~ aaa acus and S. glaucocyanea, M. & P. Proc. Mal. Soe. iii.

1808. Daou acus and O. glaucocyaneum, Stur. Siidafr, Moll. p. 60.

1906, Eucnyma acus and glaucocyanea, Pilsbry, Man. of Conch. xviii.

pp. 40 & 43, pl. x. figs. 70, 76.

Hab, Port Elizabeth.

A stouter form than the type, often containing 13 whorls

and measuring up to 28 mm. in length.

The type of acus in the British Museum and the only two

cotypes that I have seen are dead and bleached; but good

specimens, agreeing with them in other respects, vary in

colour from bluish to yellowish olivaceous, and are somewhat

dull, with often little striation on the upper whorls. Although

apically of the same thickness, they increase into a stouter

form than Krauss’s figure, but in colour, sculpture, silky gloss,

258 Major M. Connolly on

and other respects match the cotype in the Stockholm

Museum. Allowing therefore for a degree of dimorphism

and the fact that Krauss described his species from immature

shells, it appears to me that 2. acus and £. turriformis are

identical.

In a large series of E. glaucocyanea, M. & P., it will be

found that the colour varies very considerably from bluish to

yellowish olivaceous, the shell remaining the same in texture

and consistency and all other details. 4. acus is not glauco-

cyaneous, but in size, sculpture, form of spire, and shape of

whorls it agrees with E. glaucocyanea. The columella, too, in

both shells is rather peculiarly concave and similar. As the

colour, its chief characteristic, is a variable quantity, it seems

inadvisable to regard glaucocyanea as distinct from acus,

which comes from the same vicinity.

Var. sarissa, Pilsbry.

1906. Euonyma turriformis sarissa, Pilsb. Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 44,

pl. x. figs. 84, 85.

Hab. Natau (Cassin).

A yet stouter form, with apparently less sculpture. When

more is known of the anatomy this may be found to con-

stitute a different species. ‘he largest specimen I have seen

contains 10 whorls and measures 21 x 6 mm.

A shell of frequent occurrence in the neighbourhood of

Grahamstown agrees very closely with the typical turriformis

of Natal, except for a distinctly shorter aperture, specimens

which I have measured being respectively :—

Shell. Aperture. Last whorl.

mm. min, mm,

16:0x 45 40x2:1 6:4

17x35 34x15 52

12535 38X17 56

5. Euonyma leocochlis (Melv. & Pons.).

1896. Subulina leocochlis, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 316,

pl. xvi. fig. 3.

1898. Subulina leocochlis, M. & P. Proc, Mal. Soe. iii. p. 179.

1898. Euonyma leocochlis, M. & P., Sturany, Siidafr. Moll. p. 62.

1906. Euonyma leocochlis, M. & P., Pilsbry, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 39,

pl. x. fig. 68.

Hab. Care CoLony, Humansdorp, St. Francis Bay.

An easily recognizable sinistral species.

the South-African Stenogyrine.

6. Euonyma cacuminata (Mely. & Pons.).

1892. Stenogyra cacuminata, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. p. 85,

l. vi. fig, 2.

1898. Sudbulina cacuminata, M. & P. Proc. Mal. Soe. iii. p. 179.

1898. Opeas cacuminatum, M. & P., Stur. Siidafr, Moll. p. 60.

1906, Euonyma cacuminata, M, & P., Pilsb, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 42,

pl. x. figs. 71, 78, 74.

Hab, Carr Corony, Bedford.

An imperforate highly polished shell, with very blunt apex

and next to no sculpture; very easily distinguishable from

any but the two succeeding species, both of which, however,

are larger.

7, Euonyma platyacme, Melv. & Pons.

1907. Euonyma platyacme, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xix. p, 101,

l. vi. fig. 15.

1907. Stenogyra beckeri, Fulton, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 154,

Hab. Care Cotony, Kei Road Bush (Miss Hickey) ;

Pondoland (Becker); Hog’s Back Mountain, Queenstown

(Farquhar).

A large, imperforate, smooth, and very glossy species, with

a remarkably obtuse apex, resembling cacuminata, M. & P.,

but far exceeding it in all dimensions. It possibly attains

greater size than that of any specimen yet known to collectors.

S. beckeri was described by Fulton from shells collected by

Dr. Becker in Pondoland, but as the description was published

some weeks after that of EL. platyacme, it gives place to the

latter, which is the same species.

8. Euonyma purcelli (Melv. & Pons.).

1901. Subulina purcelli, M. & P. Aun, & Mag. Nat, Hist. viii. p. $17,

1. ii. fig. 6.

1906, Euonyma purcellt, M. & P., Pilsb, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 42,

pl. x. fig. 75.

Hab. Care Cotony, Houw Hoek, Caledon Div. (Purcell).

Intermediate in size between cacuminata and platyacme,

but distinguishable from either by its more convex whorls

and the peculiar shape of its columella, which in most speci-

mens is very noticeably obliquely truncate at the base, nearly

approaching Subulina, though perhaps hardly sufficiently so

to cause it to be placed in that genus. It was described from

immature shells; the largest specimen that I have seen

260 Major M. Connolly on

contains 94 whorls, and measures 25x 6°S mm., aperture

6 x 3°2, last whorl 9°8 mm.

9. Euonyma lymneeformis (Melv. & Pons.).

1901. Obeliscus lymneeformis, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. viii.

p. 317, pl. ii. fig. 5.

1906. Euonyma lymneeformis, M. & P., Pilsbry, Man. of Conch. xviii.

p. 39, pl. x. fig. 69.

Hab. NatTAt, Karkloof Bush (McBean).

A conspicuous shell, easily distinguishable by the author’s

illustration. Only two specimens, however, were originally

discovered, and subsequent search in the same locality has

failed to reveal more. It seems therefore just possible that it

may eventually prove to be but an abnormal variety of

E. lanceolata, Pfr., which abounds in the neighbourhood and

with which it has several features in common.

10. Euonyma lanceolata (Pfeiffer).

1854. Bulimus lanceolatus, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 292.

1855, Bulimus lanceolatus, Pfr. (Obeliscus) Mal. Blatt. ii. p. 156.

1857. Bulimus micans, Pfr. Mal. Blatt. iv. p. 156.

1859. Bulimus micans, Pfr. Mon. Hel. Viv. iv. p. 452.

1859. Bulimus lanceolatus, Pfr. Mon. Hel. Viv. iv. p. 455.

1881. Stenogyra lanceolata, Pfr. (Obeliscus) Nomenclator, p. 319.

1898. Obeliscus lanceolatus, Pfr., M. & P. Proc. Mal. Soc. iii. p. 179.

1898. Stenogyra (Obeltscus) lanceolata, Pfr., Stur, Siidafr. Moll. p. 59.

1906. Euonyma lanceolata, Pfr., Pilsb. Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 40.

Widely distributed over Natal and Zululand. Specimens

in the British Museum from Delagoa Bay.

A large species, with a shiny straw-coloured shell and

comparatively faint striation, sometimes attaining such

measurements as 59 mm. in length and 15 in breadth.

E. micans was described by Pfeiffer from shells collected in

Natal by Plant, in the Cuming collection. It seems con-

ceivable from the description that the species intended by

Pfeiffer was that since described by Burnup as natalensis.

But, whether owing to substitution or erroneous classification,

all Cuming’s specimens, including the so-called type, referred

by him to mécans in the British Museum are identical with

lanceolata. The other more highly sculptured species was

therefore left without a name, an omission very properly

rectified when it was brought to notice under its present name

of natalensis.

the South-African Stenogy rine. 201

FE. lanceolata never having been figured, an illustration ot

the type in the British Museuny is here appended, Length

52 mm,

Euonyma lanceolata (Pfeiffer).

11. ELuonyma natalensis (Burnup)

1905, Obeliscus natalensis, Burnup, Proc. Mal. Soc. vi. p. 304, pl. xvi.

fig. 9.

1906. Euonyma natalensis, Burnup, Pilsbry, Man. of Conch. xviii. pp. 41,

339, pl. x. fig. 72, pl. xxxi. figs. 12, 13.

Hab. NataL, Umbogintwini ; Table Mountain ; Equeefa ;

Pietermaritzbur, g (Burnup).

Another large species, distinguishable from £. lanceolata,

Pfr., by its cle sarly marked close liration, which imparts a

silky lustre to the shell. The largest specimen in coll.

Burnup is 57°5 mm. in length.

12, Euonyma pruizenensis*,sp.n. (PI. VI. fig. 11.)

Shell elongate, turriform, very narrowly rimate, oliva-

ceous, rather thin, hardly glossy, semitransparent. Spire

produced, moderately acute, apex bluntly rounded. Whorls

(spec. max.) 84, the apical small, smooth, mamillate; the

* Pronounced prayzenensis.

262 Major M. Connolly on

second and third about equal in size and more convex than

the rest, which become less ventricose as they increase in

distance between sutures, the last one or two being unusually

flattened. The second whorl microscopically, remainder

clearly covered with rather coarse curved striz. Suture im-

pressed. Aperture ovate, slightly rounded at base. Peristome

thin, simple. Outer lip a little outeurved, arched forward in

profile. Columella erect, margin narrowly reflexed. Callus

none.

Dimensions (spec. max. in Brit. Mus.): shell 20°2 x 5:1,

aperture 5°3 x 2°5, last whorl 8-7 mm.

Hab. NORTHERN TRANSVAAL, Pruizen; Bushveldt near

Pietpotgietersrust (Connolly).

Although the species is very easily distinguishable, it

varies greatly at different stages of growth, and the largest

specimens that I have been able to procure are unfortunately

dead and calcined. The contour of the spire is variable,

sometimes evenly tapering, sometimes rather crooked and

slightly attenuate towards the apex. The columella, too, in

immature specimens is straight, while the slightly reflexed

margin leaves a clearly visible rima; in mature shells it

becomes twisted and the margin practically adnate, so that

the shell is almost imperforate. LH. pruizenensis differs from

E. cacuminata, M. & P., whose form it somewhat resembles,

in its longer aperture, dullish epidermis, and minute rima,

E. cacuminata being highly glossy and imperforate.

The presence of sculpture on all but the mamillate apex of

the new species is a noteworthy feature, the marking on the

second whorl! being almost visible without a lens.

13. Euonyma siliqua, sp.n. (Pl. VI. fig. 10.)

Shell elongate, rather subulate, imperforate, pale olivaceous,

usually tinged with yellow, thin, normally glossy and nearly

transparent. Spire produced, very slightly gradate, evenly

but rather slowly tapering to the very bluntly rounded apex,

which is nearly 1 mm. across. Whorls 8, pretty regularly

and rather rapidly increasing in distance between sutures, but

varying noticeably in circumference in different shells;

convex, rather deeply impressed at the suture; the first two

smooth, remainder rather irregularly sculptured with very

fine curved striz, plainly visible at intervals to the naked eye,

but otherwise hardly discernible without a lens. Aperture

ovate, rounded at the base; peristome thin, simple; outer lip

curved outward and slightly bowed forward; columella erect,

thickened and twisted upward, with no trace of reflection.

the South- African Stenogy rine. 26:5

Shell 13-8 x 4:3, aperture 3°5 x 17, last whorl 6°5 mm.

Hab, Natat, O.R.C., Junction Station (Connolly, six

specimens).

The species is peculiarly subject to dimorphism, other

specimens measuring :—

Shell. Aperture. Last whorl.

mm. mm. mm,

138x 40 36x18 65

124x 4:2 37x15 6-4

103 x35 32x17 57

A rather short thick species, with a very blunt apex,

differing from all others of its size in the entire lack of any

attempt at perforation. The fact that the smallest specimen

measured above contains eggs supports the idea that the

larger ones are at least almost mature.

14. Euonyma varia, sp.u. (Pl. VI. figs. 5, 6, 7.)

Shell elongate, narrow, turriform, rimate, pale yellowish

olivaceous, thin, moderately glossy and transparent. Spire

produced, acute, apex narrowly rounded. Whaorls 104,

slightly convex, more so just below the suture; gradually

and regularly increasing; the first two smooth, remainder

covered with numberless very fine, faint, regular, curved,

close-set striae, imparting a slight silky gloss to the shell.

Suture somewhat impressed. Aperture ovate, bluntly rounded

at base. Peristome thin, simple. Outer lip a little swollen

and then incurved, rather sharply arched forward to about

14 mm. below the suture, and then noticeably receding in an

almost straight line to the base. Columella nearly straight,

margin narrowly triangularly reflexed. Callus none.

Shell 17-0 x 4°1, aperture 4°2 x 1°8, last whorl 6-6 mm.

lab, ‘TRANSVAAL, Pienaars Poort ; Pretoria District

(Connolly); Potchefstroom (Miss Cachet); Zoutpansberg

Oreqoe).

A widely distributed species, to be found in many museum

and private collections, Extreme forms differ very con-

siderably in contour. ‘The type, from Pienaars Poort, is

about intermediate, with an evenly tapering spire and mode-

rate apex. In a more slender form from Zwart Kop the

apical whorls are finer and narrower, giving a more tapering

and often slightly crooked appearance to the spire; in a

coarser form the apex is blunter and the spire approaches

E. turriformis in contour. The gloss and transparency is

264 Major M. Connolly on

soon lost, even in live shells, which, if much exposed, become

dull and opaque. The striation on the upper whorls is in

most examples almost microscopic, and is throughout far

more difficult to distinguish on fresh specimens than on

weather-beaten ones. ‘The largest shell I have yet seen of

this species, from Zwart Kop, measures 19°5x 4:5 mm.,

aperture 4*2 x 2°1, last whorl 7°2 mm.

In a genus like Huonyma, whose members exhibit so great

a diversity of form, it is only after considerable hesitation

that I have ventured to differentiate between the present

most variable species and the equally variable Z. turriformis,

Krs., as, although the types look at first sight quite different,

extremes of form may be found to run uncommonly near to

one another. In £. varia, however, the whorls increase less

rapidly and the last whorl and aperture are consequently

slightly shorter than in turriformis. ‘lhe epidermis, too, is of

a less silky sheen and more stramineous colour. Mr. Cregoe’s

specimens from Zoutpansberg present one or two minor points

of difference from the type, but, allowing a little for local

variation and without further knowledge of the anatomy of

the animal, it appears inadvisable to separate them.

15. Euonyma standeri, sp.n. (PI. VI. fig. 9.)

Shell elongate, turriform, rimate, pale yellowish olivaceous,

rather dull, with a silky sheen, thin, semitransparent; spire

produced, gradually and evenly tapering, apex rounded,

particularly blunt for the size of the shell, being 1 mm, in

diameter. Whorls 74, regularly increasing, moderately

convex, the first two smooth, remainder thickly covered with

close slightly curved striz of rather irregular depth. Suture

clearly defined. Aperture ovate, rounded at base, rather large

in proportion. Peristome simple, acute; outer lip slightly

outcurved; hardly bowed forward, but a little retracted

toward the base; columella straight, margin triangularly

reflexed.

Shell 14:0 x 4:5, aperture 4°5 x 1:9, last whorl 6°7 mm.

Hab, TRANSVAAL, Stander’s Kop (Connolly, a large series).

Adult shells sometimes show traces of a slight callus. I

have seen eggs in an example only 9:0 mm. long.

Possibly only a local form of turriformis, but distinguish-

able by its dull silky epidermis, longer apical whorls, and

peculiarly blunt apex. In contour it closely resembles

£, siliqua, a more shining imperforate shell.

the South- African Stenogyrine. 265

16. Luonyma unicornis, sp.n. (Pl. VI. fig. 3.)

Shell elongate, narrow-turriform, rimate, olivaceous, ver

‘thin, rather glossy and transparent. Spire much produced,

acute, very slowly evenly tapering; apex narrowly rounded.

Whorls 114, very gradually increasing, convex, the first two

smooth, remainder sculptured with innumerable close, curved,

regular striw, which are not apparent to the naked eye until

the fifth whorl. Suture rather deep. Aperture short, nearly

elliptical, base rounded. Peristome simple, acute. Outer lip

very slightly curved outward, rather sharply arched forward

about 1:3 mm. below the suture, and then receding rather

rapidly to the base. Columella slightly concave, margin

narrowly triangularly reflexed. Callus none.

Shell 21 x 44, aperture 4°2 x 2°5, last whorl 7mm. Type

in my collection.

Hab, ‘VRANSVAAL, Schanz Kop, Pretoria (Connolly) ;

Potchefstroom (Miss Livingston). Care CoLony, Cradock

(farquhar).

Although very nearly approaching 2. varia, the present

species differs constantly in having one more whorl and

slightly shorter aperture in comparison to its size, and in its

rather more convex whorls.

The Cradock form has a rather blunter apex and very

slightly coarser striation than the type; but without further

knowledge of the anatomy it is inadvisable to regard it as

different.

Genus Operas, Albers, 1850.

(Die Heliceen, p. 175.)

Small shells, rarely exceeding 13 mm. in length, with a

large, smooth, obtuse apex; generally separable from

Euonyma by their smaller size and from Curvella by their

more slender form.

1. Opeas crawfordi (Melv. & Pons.).

1893. Stenogyra crawford, M. & P, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xii, p. 106,

1. iii. fig. 4.

1808, Subulina crawfordi, M. & P. Proc. Mal. Soe. iii. p. 179.

1898. Opeas crawfordi, M. & P., Stur. Siidafr. Moll. p. 61.

1906. Opeas crawfordi, M. & P., Pilsb. Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 149,

pl. xv. fig. 74.

Hab. Care Cotosy, Van Staaden’s River ( Crawford).

A very small species, resembling in shape many others

distributed over the southern portion of the peninsula, but

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 18

266 Major M. Connolly on

not approaching them in size. The figure accompanying the

original description is very misleading, as it appears to

portray a far coarser form than the type.

2. Opeas durbanense, Sturany.

1898. Opeas durbanense, Stur. Siidafr. Moll. p. 61, pl. ii. figs, 42-44

(reprint).

1899. Opeas durbanense, Stur. Denkschr. k. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixvii.

p. 597, pl. ii. figs, 42-44.

1906. Opeas durbanense, Stur., Pilsbry, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 149,

pl. xv. figs. 75, 76.

Hab. Nata, Durban (Dr. Penther).

Described from a single specimen; I have not heard of

any more having been discovered.

3. Opeas mcbeant, Melv. & Pons.

1903. Opeas mcbeani, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, xii. p. 604,

pl. xxxi. fig. 8.

1906. Opeas mcbeant, M. & P., Pilsbry, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 150,

pl. xv. fig. 77.

Hab. TRANSVAAL, Boksberg (Burnup, fid. M. & P.);

Hennop’s River, near Pretoria (Connolly) ; Middelburg (in

Coll. Ponsonby).

A very slender shell, smaller than Euonyma crystallina,

M. & P., and less highly sculptured than O. strigile, M. & P.,

from which it also differs in its less fusiform contour.

4. Opeas strigile (Mely. & Pons.).

1901. Subulina strigilis, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. viii. p. 318,

pl. ii. fig. 7.

1906. Opeas strigilis, M. & P., Pilsbry, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 150,

pl. xv. fig. 57.

Hab. Natat, Karkloof (A/cBean); Dargle, Edendale,

Pietermaritzburg, Enon Bush, Richmond, Hilton Road

(Burnup).

A beautifully striate little species with rather fusiform

contour.

5. Opeas tugelense (Melv. & Pons.).

1897. Subulina tugelensis, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 637,

pl. xvii. fig. 9.

1898, Subulina tugelensis, M. & P. Proc. Mal. Soc. iii. p. 179.

1898. Opeas tugelense, M. & P., Sturany, Siidafr. Moll. p. 61.

1906. Opeas tugelense, M. & P., Pilsbry, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 150,

pl. xv. fig. 78.

the South-African Stenogyrine. 267

Flab, Nata, Lower Tugela River, Pinetown, Tongaat

(Burnup) ; Pietermaritzburg (Connolly). Young shells,

apparently inseparable from this species, from DeLacoa Bay

(Connolly).

A stouter form than Huonyma crystallina, and easily distin-

guished from 2. terriformis by its almost colourless sculpture-

less whorls and highly polished transparent shell. Even more

variable in breadth than most embers of the subfamily.

The type was described as being 14 mm. in length and 4

in breadth, but I have seen specimens measuring 12°0 x 3°5

and 13°5 x 5°5 respectively.

6. Opeas eulimoide (Preston).

h. ee erdimoides, Prest. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. iv. p, 499

(fig.).

Hab. NATAL, Howick.

Evidently not a Subulina, as the columella is straight, and

apparently best placed in Opeas on account of its small size.

I have not seen this species; Mr. Preston informs me that

the whorls are much less convex than in E. crystallina,

M. & P., to which it appears rather nearly allied.

7. Opeas lepidum, sp.n. (PI. VI. fig. 12.) *

Shell small, elongate, turriform, subrimate, pale olivaceous,

thin, glossy, semitransparent. Spire produced, acute, evenly

tapering, apex rounded. Whorls 6, rather convex, rezularly

increasing ; the first smooth, the second nearly so, remainder

extremely faintly sculptured with regular curved strize, which

are only just visible to the naked eye. Suture clearly

defined. Aperture short, oblong-oval, base rounded. Peri-

stome thin, simple. Outer lip strongly curved outward and

gently arched forward. Columella very slightly concave,

margin narrowly reflexed, almost concealing the minute

rima. Callus none.

Shell 7-0 x 2-5, aperture 2°3 x 1:2, last whorl 3:7 mm.

Hab. Care Cotony, Fern Kloof, Grahamstown (/arguhar) ;

Port Blizabeth (Crawford).

Mr. Farquhar observes that this pretty little species regu-

larly occurs, seldom exceeding the above-quoted dimensions,

in a locality very favourable tor producing the full growth of

theshell. It compares closely with the figure and description,

but not with actual specimens in the British Museum, of

Curvella delicata, “Gibbons” ‘Taylor, while it cannot be

associated with such as 0. clavulinum, Potiez and Michaud,

18*

268 Major M. Connolly on

or QO. spinula, Morelet, which nearly approaches it in form.

While very near the border-line between Opeas and Curvella,

I consider the comparative slenderness of its contour sufficient

reason for placing the present species in Opeas.

Genus CuRVELLA, Chaper, 1885.

(Bull. Soc. Zool. de France, x. pp. 48, 49.)

(= Hapalus, Albers, 1850, non Hapalus, Billberg, 1820.)

Small shells, so named because of the forward curve of the

outer lip. Very near Opeas, from which they are generally

chiefly separable by their shorter wider contour and smaller

number of whorls.

1. Curvella catarracte (Melv. & Pons.).

1897. Hapalus catarracte, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xix. p, 635,

pl. xvii. fig. 4.

1898. Curvella catarractea, M. &. P. Proc. Mal. Soe. iii. p. 179.

1898. Hapalus catarracte, M. & P., Stur. Siidafr. Moll. p. 62.

1906. Curvella catarracte, M. & P., Pilsb. Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 59,

pl. viii. fig. 23.

Hab. Natvat, Howick, Pietermaritzburg, Stella Bush

(Burnup) ; Durban (Penther, fid. Sturany).

A erather characterl:ss little shell with obtuse apex and

rather ventricose body-whorl. The largest specimen in Coll.

Burnup measures 6°5X3°5 mm. Like others of the genus,

this species has a partiality for living in ants’ nests, where

Mr. Burnup informs me he has more than once found them.

2. Curvella globosa (Melv. & Pons.).

1898, Hapalus globosus, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 128,

pl. vii. fig. 6.

1898. Curvella globosa, M. & P. Proc. Mal. Soc. iii. p. 179.

1906. Curvella globosa, M. & P., Pilsb. Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 61,

pl. viii. fig. 31.

Hab. NatAat, Stella Bush (Burnup). Care Corony, York,

Drakensberg, Griqualand East (Farguhar).

A small shell, whose whorls, especially the last, are more

swollen in comparison than those of any of its allies. With

this exception, however, it bears a marked resemblance to

the preceding species.

3. Curvella sinuosa, Melv. & Pons.

1899. Curvella sinuosa, M. & P Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 198,

pl. iii. fig. 12,

the South-African Stenogyrine. 269

1906. Curvella sinuosa, M. & P., Pilsb. Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 61,

pl. viii. fig. 32.

Hab. Natat, Umkomaas (Burnup).

“An elegant, fusiform Curvella . .. whose chief pecu-

liarity is its sinuous lip” (MZ. & P.).

4. Curvella caloglypta, Melv. & Pons.

ante Curvella caloglypta, M. & P. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. viii. p. 320,

. li. fig. 12.

1906. Curvella caloglypta, M. & P., Pilsb, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 59,

pl. viii. fig. 22.

Hab. NATAL, Pietermaritzburg (Burnup).

A beautifully sculptured little shell, at once distinguishable

from its South-African confréres.

5. Curvella croslyi, Burnup.

1905. Curvella croslyi, Bp. Proc. Mal. Soc. vi. p. 302, pl. xvi. figs. 3, 4.

1906. Curvella croslyi, Bp., Pilsb, Man. of Conch. xvii. p. 59, pl. viii.

figs. 27, 28.

Hab. ZULULAND, Makowe (Crosly).

Much the largest of yet known South-African Curvelle.

6. Curvella straminea, Burnup.

1905. Curvella straminea, Bp. Proc. Mal. Soc. vi. p. 303, pl. xvi.

figs. 5, 6.

1906. Curvella straminea, Bp., Pilsb. Man. of Conch, xviii. p. 62, pl. viii.

figs. 36, 37.

Hab, Care Cotony, Walmer (JMiss Hickey).

“More elongate and slender” (than the preceding forms),

“ and conspicuous by its straw-colour and distinct sculpture ”

(Burnup).

7. Curvella succinea, Burnup.

1005. Curvella succinea, Bp. Proc. Mal. Soc. vi. p. 303, pl. xvi. figs. 7, 8.

1906, Curvella succtnea, Bp., Pilsb, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 62, pl. viii.

tigs. 38, 39.

Hah. Care Cotony, Maestré6m Forest, Bedford (Farquhar).

“ Distinct from C. straminea by its smaller size, richer”

(pale horn) “colour, less ventricose whorls, and shallower

suture ” (Burnup).

8. Curvella elevata, Burnup.

1905. Curvella elevata, Bp. Proc. Mal. Soc. vi. p. 304, pl. xvi. figs. 10, 11,

1906. Curvella elevata, Bp., Pilsb. Man. of Conch, xviii. p. 60, pl. viii.

figs, 29, 30,

270 Major M. Connolly on

Hab. Care Cotony, Mountain Drive, Grahamstown

(Farquhar).

A comparatively slender form, the spire being more pro-

duced, with straighter sides, than in most of the foregoing.

9. Curvella majubana, sp.n. (Pl. VI. fig. 13.)

Shell conic-ovate, narrowly umbilicate, thin, glossy, trans-

parent, pale olivaceous. Spire produced, evenly tapering,

apex rather acute. Whorls 6, regularly and somewhat

rapidly increasing, slightly convex, the first two smooth,

remainder beautifully sculptured with very fine, clear, close

strie, following the curve of the outer lip. Suture simple, of

moderate depth. Aperture ovate, rounded at the base.

Peristome simple, acute. Outer lip slightly curved outward

and about equally arcuate forward. Columella straight,

margin narrowly triangularly reflexed over (nearly concealing)

_the umbilicus.

Shell 9°6 x 3:4, aperture 3°5 x 1°6, last whorl 5°3 mm.

Hab. NATAL, Amajuba, in an ants’ nest (Connolly).

A pretty shell, the most graceful of yet known South-

African Curvelle, and easily distinguished by the symmetry

of its form and acuteness of its apex. Its nearest ally is the

East-African C. associata, E. A. Smith, from which it differs

chiefly in its finer apex and fainter sculpture. In dead

specimens the shell is often clouded with yellowish white.

Adult shells usually show trace of a white callus.

10. Curvella saunderse, sp. un. (Pl. VI. fig. 14.)

Shell conic-ovate, rimate, olivaceous, thin, glossy, trans-

parent. Spire produced, evenly tapering; apex rounded.

Whorls 54, rather rapidly increasing, slightly convex, the

first two smooth, remainder extremely faintly marked with

close curved striz, barely visible to the naked eye. Suture

rather shallow. Aperture ovate, bluntly rounded at base.

Peristome simple, acute. Outer lip slightly curved outward

and arcuate forward. Columella straight, margin narrowly

triangularly reflexed. Callusnone. Shell 7°6 x 3:4, aperture

3°2 x 1°5, last whorl 4°9 mm,

Hab. ZULULAND, Eshowe (Lady Saunders).

A nearly smooth graceful species, whose nearest alliance is

with C. majubana, from which it is separated by its bluuter

apex and fainter striation,

the South-African Stenogyrine. 271

11. Curvella modesta, sp.n. (PI. VI. fig. 15.)

Shell small, conic-ovate, rather subulate, rimate, pale

olivaceous, thin, glossy, almost transparent. Spire produced,

acute, evenly tapering, apex rounded. Whorls 54, regularly

and rather rapidly increasing in distance between sutures,

rather convex, covered, after the first 14, with fine, regular,

curved striw, which are almost invisible without a strong lens.

Suture well defined, of moderate depth. Aperture ovate,

rounded at base. Peristome simple, acute. Outer lip soime-

what curved outwards and slightly arched forward. Columella

very slightly concave, margin narrowly reflexed.

Shell 6°8 x 2°8, aperture 2°5 x 1°2, last whorl 4 mm.

Hab, Care Cotony, Dassie Crantz, Grahamstown; Cra-

dock Commonage (Furguhar).

A difficult little species, recalling both C. elevata and

C. straminea, Burnup. From the latter it differs chiefly in

colour, being pale olivaceous instead of stramineous, while it

is a rather more slender form than C. elevata.

Genus HyporysiA, Melv. & Pons., 1901.

(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. viii. 1901, p. 318.)

A slender form, distinct from Opeas through its projecting

evolute outer lip.

1. Hypolysia florentie, Melv. & Pons,

1901. Hypolysia florentia, M. & P, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist, viii. p. 318,

pl. ii. fig. 8.

1903. Hypolysia florentia, M. & P. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 596,

pl. xxxii. fig. 15.

1906. Hypolysia florentia, M. & P., Pilsb, Man. of Conch. xviii. p. 37,

pl. x. figs. 66, 67.

Hab. Widely distributed through Natal, Zululand, and

the Eastern Province of Cape Colony.

A very finely striate, transparent, narrowly rimate shell,

generally somewhat fusiform in contour, with distinctly

filiform suture.

This species is unusually subject to dimorphism, some

specimens from Kshowe being nearly double the width of the

type, though otherwise agreeing with it in all respects.

Owing to the sculpture following the peculiar curve of the

outer lip, it is not difficult to distinguish Hypolysia even if

the evolute lip itself is bioken.

272 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.

Fig. 1. Euonyma turriformis, Kes. (Stockholm Museum). ; _

Fig. 2. Euonyma turriformis, Krs., var. acus, Morelet (type, in British

Museum).

. 3, Euonyma unicornis, sp. D.

Fig. 4, Euonyma linearis, Krs, (Stockholm Museum).

5. Euonyma varia, sp. n. (type).

Figs. 6, 7. Euonyma varia, sp. n. /

%g. 8. Euonyma pietersburgensis, Preston, var. levis, nov.

g. 9. Euonyma standeri, sp. n.

Fig. 10. Euonyma siliqua, sp. 0.

Fig. 11. Euonyma pruizenensis, sp. n.

Fig. 12. Opeas lepidum, sp. n.

Fig. 13. Curvella majubana, sp. n.

Fig. 14. Curvella saundersa, sp. n.

Fig. 15. Curvella modesta, sp. n.

XXIX.— Descriptions and Records of Bees—X XXII.

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

Pseudopanurgus ethiops (Cresson).

Berkeley (near Denver), Colorado (Os/ar). In Coll.

Baker.

Halictus clelandt, sp. n.

6 .—Length about 6 mm.

Head and thorax black, abdomen and legs dark reddish

brown ; pubescence greyish white, rather abundant ; lower

part of clypeus cream-colour, the actual margin ferruginous ;

mandibles ferruginous, dark at base ; flagellum long, crenu-

late, dark coffee-brown beneath.

This cannot be the male of H/. globosus, as the thorax has

no geneous tinge, and the second r, n. and third t.-c. are very

distinct (H. cognatus, Sm., is probably the male of globosus).

The much darker flagellum easily distinguishes it from

Hl. oxleyi. Head broad, eyes converging below, face with

much light hair; front minutely, very densely punctured, a

very small space in front of ocellus smooth and shining ;

mesothorax hairy, finely and densely punctured, but shining ;

~area of metathorax semilunar, with fine irregular ruge

extending over the whole surface; pleura shining; tegule

rather large, smooth, pale reddish testaceous. Wings ample,

hyaline, nervures and stigma pale testaceous ; second s.m.

receiving first r.n. before the end; third s.m. very much

—

Records of Bees. 273

larger than second. Small joints of tarsi becoming ferru-

ginous ; spurs yellowish white. Abdomen broad for a male,

quite hairy, the lateral bases of second and third segments

with denser haiti, making rather inconspicuous patches ;

surface shining, with very fine close punctures, about the

same on first two segments, but becoming weaker beyond ;

hind margins of segments slightly reddish pallescent.

Hab. Adelaide, Australia (Schomburgk). Berlin Muscun.

Halictus chapmant, sp. n.

9 —Length about 7 mm.

Very close to H. representans, Sm., but smaller. Smith

compares representans with the European leucozontus; the

present species, compared with Jewcozonius, is much smaller,

with narrower (instead of broader) second s.m., third t.-c.

and second r. n. much weakened, clypeus less produced,

mesothorax more finely punctured, hind spur with a big trun-

cate subbasal tooth, and a long low lamina beyond (with a

series of nodules in /eucozonius), &c. In size and general

appearance Jf/. chapmani resembles not Jeucozonius, but

lineolatus, Lep. The sculpture is essentially as in repre-

sentans. Black, the abdomen shining, the hind margins of

the segments broadly very dark reddish; hair of head and

thorax rather dull white, not at all fulvous or ochraceous ;

mandibles chestnut-red, black at base; elypeus broad, very

shiny, with large well-separated punctures; front dull and

granular, but under the microscope more shining, with minute

punctures between longitudinal ridges; flagellum dark

brown beneath, redder apically ; mesothorax and scutellum

shining, but quite closely punctured, anteriorly on meso-

thorax ridges are developed like those on front, only trans-

verse ; area of metathorax semilunar, with fine longitudinal

ridges, more or less irregular and connected by cross-ridges ;

posterior truncation sharply defined at sides; pleura with

much white hair; tegule shining rufo-piceous. Wings very

faintly dusky, nervures and stigma reddish sepia; b. n. very

nearly reaching t.-m. ; second s.m, receiving first r. n. before

end; third s.m. considerably larger than second, third t.-e.

with only a single curve. Legs very dark reddish brown,

with white hair; abdomen broad, rather hairy, except middle

of first three segments, the first two segments finely punc-

tured, shining ; base of second segment with a white hair-

yatch on each side, third and fourth with thin indistinct basal

Resithants; second ventral segment pollen-collecting.

Hab. Western Australia (Preiss). Berlin Museum, 2564.

274 Mr. 'T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Halictus asperithorax, sp. n.

? .—Length about 8 mm.

Black, hair of head and thorax white below, dull pale

ochraceous above. A species related to H. chapmani, but

easily separated by the dull coarsely rugoso-punctate meso-

thorax. Mandibles dark, reddish subapically, and with

shining golden hairs ; clypeus broad, not produced, shining,

with grooves and a few scattered punctures ; front broad,

appearing minutely granular, but microscopically longitu-

dinally striate, with rows of punctures separated by raised

lines; flagellum dull brown beneath ; mesothorax coarsely

granular, with very dense punctures ; scutellum more shining

and much more finely punctured; area of metathorax broad,

very finely lineolate all over; posterior truncation large and

very well defined; the scutellum has a few very large punc-

tures scattered among the small ones; tegule shining rufous,

not punctured. Wings faintly dusky, stigma and nervures

dilute sepia; third t.-c. and second r. n. greatly weakened ;

second s.m. very large and broad, receiving first r. n. nearly

at its end. Legs very dark reddish, with pale hair, yellowish

on inner side of tarsi; hind spur with a broad but not long

subbasal truncate tooth, and obscure crenulatiform teeth

beyond (77. lanartus type of spur) ; abdomen broad, with an

evident dark reddish tint, granular from minute punctures,

with broad dull white basal hair-bands, that on second

segment failing in middle. In my table in ‘ Entomologist,’

Nov. 1905, this runs straight to H. giles’, which it much

resembles, differing in the microscopic characters. The

second abdominal segment is minutely and nearly uniformly

punctured all over, the punctures running more or less into

grooves near the posterior margin ; in gilesi the puncturation

is more diversified, but in both the transverse lineolation can

be seen. The front is also different.

Hab. Melbourne, Victoria, Aug. 1900 (C. F., Turner

Collection). British Museum.

Parasphecodes plorator, sp. n.

? .—Length about 10 mm.

Easily known from all the other species by the entirely

black head, thorax, and abdomen, with scanty pale pubes-

cence, the dark reddish legs, and the very dark smoky wings.

Mandibles dark ; lower edge of clypeus with long golden

hairs; clypeus shining, with irregular punctures; front

appearing granular, microscopically lineolate and pleated,

Records of Bees. 275

producing a curious wave-like effect; flagellum (except at

base) obscure coffee-brown beneath ; mesothorax dull, with

scattered very minute punctures, the median groove strong ;

under the microscope the mesothoracic surface is seen to be

minutely tessellate ; tubercles densely fringed with pale

hair; area of metathorax large, minutely granular, not at all

plicate ; posterior truncation heart-shaped, shining, well-

defined ; tegulee dark reddish. Wings very dark, with a

violaceous lustre ; stigma and nervures dark reddish ; first

r. n. meeting second t.-c.; third t.-c. with a simple curve ;

b. n. rather less bent than is usual in //alictus; wings large,

as in Parasphecodes. Hind spur simple. Abdomen shining,

narrowed basally, widest at the third segment; apical seg-

ments with dark fuscous hair; no hair-bands or patches ;

hind margin of second segment reddish ; apex of fifth seg-

ment obtusely pointed, covering sixth ; venter with white

hair, more or less curled, and doubtless pollen-collecting ;

apex of venter with fuscous hair,

Hab. Melbourne, Victoria, Aug. 1900 (C. £&., Turner

Collection). British Museum.

Protoxea texana (Friese).

Lee County, Texas, Aug. 10, ¢, Aug. 26, g, 1907

(Birkmann).

‘These splendid bees, which occurred on flowers of Poly-

gonum, evidently belong to the species from Texas which

Friese named in manuscript Ozxea texana, but published

under O. vagans, Fox. ‘True O. vagans comes from Lower

California, and has the ventral hair of the thorax pallid, not

dark brown or almost black as in tewana. The eyes also of

the male more nearly touch above in vagans than in texana.

I suppose that the Cypress Mills, Texas, example cited by

Fox was really tevana. The male agrees with Friese’s

description, except that at certain angles slight green and

purple tints can be seen on the abdomen, a character more

pronounced in the female. The female, not before described,

is very large (length about 24 mm.), with the usual sexual

differences. ‘lhe clypeus has coarse, large, partly confluent

punctures ; the front on each side of the antenne is dull and

granular, not punctured for some distance ; the basal half of

the second abdominal segment is rather closely punctured.

The insect must go in Protoxea, as it has six-jointed

maxillary palpi. ‘he tongue is linear, though broader than

in Uxea fluvescens; the apical plate of the abdomen is bi-

dentate.

276 Mr, T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

The wings are much darker than in 0. ¢tristis, and there

are other differences,

Nomia pattont, Ckll.

Fedor, ‘Texas, Oct. 18, 1897 (Birkmann).

New to Texas.

Nomia nortont, Cresson, var. plebeta, n. var.

@ .—The three abdominal bands clear ferruginous instead

of green. This looks like a new species, but has the structure

of nortoni, and is surely only a variety. The type specimen

bears many mites, especially on the prothorax *,

Hab. Fedor, Texas, June 18, 1905 (Birkmann).

Typical NV. nortont occurs at Fedor, visiting flowers of

mesquite, horse-mint, Polygonum, &c., as Mr. Birkmann

informs me.

Nomia maneet, sp. v.

9 .— Length about 9 mm.

Black, with green apical tegumentary bands on abdominal

segments 2 to 4; no trace of a green band on first segment,

but a patch of white hair on each side, the rudiment of an

apical hair-band. ‘This beautiful species has been confused

with WV. fori, from which it is readily separated thus: labial

palpi with joints 2 to 4 much longer; punctures of meso-

thorax well formed anteriorly; middle of scutellum with

sparse punctures on a shining ground, and no little punctures

between ; wings a little darker, b. n. meeting t.-m.; second

abdominal segment with smaller punctures ; third appearing

* Disparipes tevanus, sp. n.—Length 167, breadth 147 ». Pale red,

shiny, anterior border of body broadly hyaline; shape as in D. ameri-

canus, Banks, to which it is closely allied, but the following characters

are distinctive: large humeral bristles not so near the margin; three

pairs of bristles on the .posterior margin, the intermediate pair slender,

the inner longer than the intermediate (these bristles rather variable) ;

two pairs of very large ventral abdominal bristles, the anterior pair more

laterad than the posterior; hind foot with a very long bristle in addition

to the shorter ones; long subapical bristle of hind foot accompanied bya

shorter one; first three pairs of legs very much more bristly than in

Banks’s figure of D. americanus; sternal sclerites apparently longer in

proportion to their breadth ; claws much more robust, especially at base,

and much more strongly hooked, bent to less than a right angle; clavate

organs behind anterior legs large and well developed, but not setiferous

as figured for DV. americanus.

Hab. On Nomia nortoni, var. plebia, attached to the thoracic hairs ;

Fedor, Texas, June 18 (Birkmann).

Records of Bees. 277

granular from the excessively minute punctures, and fourth

the same; abdominal bands very beautiful, emerald-green

shot with lilac, the third more lilac than green. Known

from NV. mesillensis by the more closely punctured first

abdominal segment, the much narrower and differently

coloured bands, &c. The tongue is linear.

Hab. Southern Pines, North Carolina, June 19, 1909

(A. H. Manee). In coll. Birkmann.

Nomia fedorensis, sp. n.

9? .—Like NV. maneei, but alittle larger, with the following

distinctive characters: flagellum bright ferruginous beneath

(duller and browner than in maneei) ; disc of scutellum much

more closely punctured ; first abdominal segment with very

strong, regular punctures ; second also much more strongly

punctured ; abdominal bands broader, very brilliant, coloured

as in maneet, except that the first is flushed with vermilion.

Both species have a prominent ridge down the middle of thie

clypeus; this also occurs in foi. N. fedorensis is easily

known from fovit by the much more finely and closely

punctured third abdominal segment, and the very strongly

and regularly punctured first segment.

3 .—Similar to NV. fowii, but very easily separated by the

entirely black legs, the hind femora much thicker and more

humped above. ‘The second abdominal segment has a very

deep constriction; the fourth segment is punctured in the

manner of fowii, not at all as in untversitatis.

Hab, Fedor, Lee County, Texas, June 7, 1909, June 1910

(Birkmann).

Lithurgus albofimbriatus, Sichel.

The Lithurgus from Tahiti, which I formerly recorded as

L. atratiformis, Ckll., is in reality ZL. albofimbriatus. The

two species are extremely closely allied, but atrat/formis has

the white bands on abdomen, above and below, about twice

as broad as in albofimbriatus.

Megachile aurifrons, Smith.

Smith described this from ‘“*‘ New Holland,” but I have a

specimen from his collection labelled Queensland. Mr. Turner

sa took it at Mackay (his number 288). ‘The mandibles

of this species are five-toothed in the female.

io 2)

Mr. T, D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Megachile sequior, Ckll.

This species was described from a male labelled “ Ade-

laide, Schomburgk.” I have reason for thinking that it was

really a Schultzian specimen from Port Darwin, which passed

through Schomburgk’s hands. At any rate, four males were

taken by Turner at Port Darwin, Dec. 1902. The female,

not before described, is represented by a specimen from

N.W. Australia (C. #., Turner Collection), in the British

Museum. It is about 114 mm. long, the thorax six-spotted

like the male, the pubescence also coloured as in the male;

flagellum dull ferruginous beneath; eyes green; ventral

scopa white, black on last segment. It is very close to

M. macularis, D. T., and would at first sight be taken for it,

but it may be separated by the black hairs which project at

sides of abdomen being confined to the fifth and sixth seg-

ments, and also by the green eyes.

Megachila rhodura, Ckll.

The female, hitherto unknown, was taken by Mr. Turner

at Mackay, Queensland, at flowers of Eucalyptus, Dec. 1899.

It is about 12} mm. long, in general similar to the male, the

tegument of the last segment, and the penultimate except at

base, red, covered with fine appressed fulvous hair, which

also extends forward over the fourth segment. Head large,

oblong, the eyes slightly diverging below ; sides of face with

pure white hair; middle of lower edge of clypeus with a

small nodule, defined by a notch on each side; eyes light

green ; mandibles long, the cutting-edge thickly fringed with

red hair, in the manner of M. trichognatha, Ckll., which is

related ; ventral scopa entirely white.

Megachile trichognatha, Ckll.

A new locality is Victoria (C. F., Turner Collection).

British Museum. MM. ferox, Sm., bears the same data; it

was described from Swan River. JM. tomentella, Ckll., also

occurs in Victoria (C. F.) and by Swan River.

Megachile pararhodura, sp. n.

3 .—Length 10 mm.

So close to M. rhodura that only careful comparison shows

it to be different. Abdominal segments 3 to 6 have the

tegument chestnut-red, a darker tint than the red of rhodura ;

the abdomen is broader, and the large apical lobes are wider

apart; the tarsi have longer and more abundant hair, and the

———

Records of Bees. 279

yellowish-white hind tibial spurs are very much larger; the

middle tarsi are shorter, especially the last joint; the face

{covered with white hair) is a little broader. ‘l'arsi and

coxe of anterior legs simple.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner, 325). British Museum.

The hind spur is 595 w long, minutely serrulate. That of

M. rhodura measures about 425 p.

Megachile mackayensis, sp. n.

? .—Length about 12 mm.

Black, of the parallel-sided type, the hair of front, sides of

face, and a large patch covering the fifth and sixth and more

than apical half of fourth segments of abdomen, all very

bright fox-red. Head round seen from in front; mandibles

broad, deeply grooved; clypeus densely rugoso-punctate,

short but arched and prominent, the lower margin crenulate ;

antenne wholly dark ; eyes dark reddish ; vertex very finely

and densely punctured, with fuscous hair (some fulvous

posteriorly) ; cheeks with white hair; mesothorax and

scutellum very closely punctured but shining, the hair of

scutellum and front and sides of mesothorax fuscous, but on

dise of latter mainly yellowish, though very thin and incon-

spicuous ; a tuft of creamy-white hair is at each posterior

corner of mesothorax, and a larger one just behind tubercles,

though the hair on the latter is black; hair of uppermost

part of pleura black or fuscous, otherwise dull white ; sides of

metathorax with much creamy-white hair; tegule piceous.

Wings moderately dusky; second s.m. very long. Legs

black, with white hair, that on the inner side of the moderately

broad hind basitarsus fulvous; spurs brown, hind spur bent

at apex. Abdomen above, except for the large red patch,

black without bands or spots; ventral scopa creamy white,

dark fuscous on last segment, and penultimate except at base.

Resembles M. erythropyga, Smith, but the red abdominal

patch is larger, and the basal segments have no white hair-

bands.

3g .—Length about 10 mm.

Face and front covered with bright rufo-fulvous hair; flagel-

lum long and slender, black; anterior tarsi simple; anterior

coxze not spined ; second and third abdominal segments with

the hind margins narrowly reddish, and at sides covered with

bright 1ufo-fulvous hair, forming narrow bands; red patch

covering fifth segment, basal half of sixth,and apical two-fifths

of fourth; apex (sixth segment) obtusely bilobed. Compared

with M, erythropyga the head is smaller, the mesothorax more

280 Mr, T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

densely and minutely punctured, the b. n. falls short of t.-m.

(in erythropyga they meet), the sixth abdominal segment is

not distinctly coneave above in lateral view, as it is in

erythropyga, and the ornamentation of the abdomen differs in

detail. It is also very close to Md. beutenmuller’, Ckll., but

may be separated by the ornamentation of the abdomen.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland; female (type), Nov. 1899 ;

male, Jan. 1899 (Turner, 407). British Museum.

The sexes were associated by the collector.

Megachile ustulatiformis, sp. n.

¢.—Length about 13 mm.; width of abdomen 5.

Much more robust than J. mystacea; black; face and

front densely covered with silver-white hair having a slight

ereamy tint; vertex with thin white hair; cheeks with mostly

black hair, but light below ; head broad ; eyes large, dark

reddish ; mandibles broad, with three strong teeth, their

broad outer surface with many minute punctures and some

larger ones; antenne black; vertex densely punctured, the

punctures much larger at sides posteriorly ; thorax with the

hair entirely purplish black; mesothorax and scutellum with

very distinct and strong punctures, the shining surface be-

tween very evident on disc of mesothorax ; area of metathorax

with a median raised line; tegule rufo-piceous, finely punc-

tured. Wings strongly fuscous; second s.m. shorter than in

M. ustulata. Legs black, with black and pale hair; anterior

coxee with long spines, but no bright hair-patches ; anterior

femora keeled below, the keel (except at base) and inner

surface ferruginous ; anterior tibiz robust, trigonal, with the

inner and lower sides, and apical margin of outer side

narrowly, ferruginous ; anterior tarsi ferruginous, moderately

flattened, with an even fringe of pure white hair behind, and

curled dark hairs on first joint in front, the anterior apices of

joints produced ; middle tarsi with fulvous hair on inner side,

black on outer, and long white hairs behind; hind tibize

rugose, shining, with short black hair on outer side and

white tomentum on inner, the edge of the latter appearing as

a narrow white band along the margin, when the tibie are

seen from the side; hind tarsi with fulvous hair on inner

side, and long creamy-white hairs in front, the basitarsus

only moderately broadened ; claws bidentate; spurs ferrugi-

nous ; abdomen short and broad, covered above with ruto-

fulvous hair (not so bright as in mystacea), the first segment

with dark hair only at sides of basin; an appearance of

darker apical bands on first three segments ; apex (edge of

Records of Bees. 281

sixth segment) broadly rounded, slightly crenulate, weakly

emarginate in middle, with a depression or pit just in front

of the emargination ; no ventral spine.

Hab, Cairns, Queensland, “ Kur, 1.02” (Turner). British

Museum. Mr. Turner took M. ustula/a, Sm., 9, and M.

mystacea (Fabr.), g, also at Kuranda.

I do not think J, ustulatiformis can be the male of ustulata,

because the female ustulata, agreeing perfectly with Smith’s

description and my notes from Smith’s type, has the shining

vertex with large widely scattered punctures. It also has

the wings darker, the second s.m. longer and the marginal

cell deeper than in ustulatiformis.

Megachile micrerythrura, sp. n.

? .—Length 7 mm.

Not so robust as J, abdomiaalis ; head and thorax black,

abdomen red, the colour tegumentary; hair of head and

thorax scanty, white, a little yellowish on vertex ; mandibles

black, tridentate, not very broad; clypeus and supraclypeal

area shining but closely punctured; the disc of the broad

short clypeus with a pair of low mammiform protuberances ;

flagellum dark reddish beneath ; vertex, mesothorax, and

scutellum very densely rather coarsely punctured; tegule

very dark reddish. Wings clear, nervures and _ stigma

reddish brown; legs black, with light hair, small joints

of tarsi bright ferruginous ; abdomen well punctured, with

scanty short yellowish hair, not forming bands or spots;

ventral scopa entirely creamy white.

Allied to Mf, abdominalis, but smaller and narrower, with

proportionately longer eyes, and other differences. In size

and shape it resembles J/, semicandens, Ckll.

¢.—Looks like the female; face covered with shining

white hair; anterior tarsi simple ; anterior coxe not spined ;

middle and hind tarsi and small joints of anterior ones red ;

thorax above with six white hair-spots, one at each corner of

mesothorax, and two in scutello-mesothoracice suture ; abdo-

men red, with the lower border of basin of first segment

broadly black ; apex (sixth segment) broadly emarginate or

very obtusely bilobed (in semicandens it is bidentate); no

ventral spine.

Hab, Port Darwin, Nov. and Dec. 1902,1 9,2 ¢ (Tur-

ner). British Museum.

The cheeks in the female are narrower than the eyes and

rough ; in abdominalis they are broader and shining. Super-

ficially this species looks just like Osmia semirubra,

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 19

282 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

Megachile stalkert, sp. n.

? —Length about 9 mm.

Of the parallel-sided type; head and thorax black ; abdo-

men with the first two segments and extreme base of third

black, the rest with the tegument deep chestnut-red, with

scanty white pubescence. Head large and thick, longer

than broad; vertex broad; cheeks nearly as broad as eyes;

front and vertex strongly and closely punctured, shining

between the punctures; much pure white hair at sides of

face, and a tuft on each side extending over antenne; scape

black, red at end; flagellum bright red, black at apex above ;

mandibles black, thick ; clypeal region extremely peculiar; a

large blunt spine, directed obliquely downwards and out-

wards, projects from the supraclypeal area ; sides of clypeus

produced into broad outwardly-directed lamella, which are

triangular and pointed; dise of clypeus shining, appearing

deeply sunken between the great lamelle, the excavation

suboval in form; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with

very strong well separated punctures; a conspicuous patch

of white hair at each corner of mesothorax, but none in

scutello-mesothoracic suture; area of metathorax strongly

wrinkled basally; tubercles and sides of metathorax with

much pure white hair ; tegule dark reddish brown. Wings

hyaline, nervures and stigma dark brown. Legs black,

anterior femora and tibiz largely chestnut-red in front; spurs

yellowish white ; second and third abdominal segments with

a marginal patch of white hair on each side; ventral scopa

entirely white.

Hab. Alexandria, N, Australia, Dec. 20, 1905 (W.

Stalker).

Rather like M. pararhodura, but much smaller. The

extraordinary clypeal structure is quite distinctive.

Megachile austent, Ckll.

Mr. Turner took this at Mackay (Feb. 1900) and Cairns

(Kur., 1. 02).

The Cairns specimen before me is larger than that from

Mackay, but I do not know whether this is an individual or

racial peculiarity.

Megachile quinquelineata, Ckll.

Mackay, Queensland, at flowers of heliotrope, Sept. 1899

(Turner) ; Cape York, April 1902, 2 ¢ (Turner).

Records of Bees. 283

Cape York is about 800 miles N.N.W. of Mackay, but the

specimens from the two localities show no difference.

Megachile detersa, sp. n.

2 .—Length 10 mm.

In all respects extremely close to ML. quinquelinzata, but

with the following differences:—Abundant hair of face (ex-

posing only upper part of clypeus, which has large, more

distinctly separated punctures) pale yellow ; eyes greenish ;

flagellum much longer (about 34 mm.), obscurely reddish

beneath ; anterior femora with a large brush of white hair

beneath ; outwardly directed tooth at end of anterior tibiz

smaller and more spiniform. Wings quite strongly dusky.

Apical dorsal segment of abdomen with fine appressed white

hair on disc; hind basitarsus small and short, hardly longer

than the next two joints united; middle tarsi with a fringe of

very long white hairs behind; anterior coxe with short

triangular spines ; ventral scopa wholly absent, although the

Specimen seems quite fresh.

This remarkable specimen has many male characters,

although the abdomen is formed entirely as in all females,

with sting, &c. ‘The antenne are 13-jointed!

There can be little question that it is a very peculiar

gynandromorph (a result of hybridization ?), but it was taken

from a series in the ‘Turner Collection supposed to be all the

same.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, Feb. 1900 (Turner, 458).

Aside from the gynandromorphic characters, this is evi-

dently distinct from AL. quinquelineata, though it may be a

hybrid between guinquelineata and something else, perhaps

M. rhodogastra.

Megachile rhodogastra, sp. n.

gd .—Length 11 mm.

Rather robust, but parallel-sided ; black, with the tegu-

ment of the sixth abdominal segment, the apical margin of

the fifth broadly, and the ventral surface of abdomen clear

ferruginous ; the fifth and sixth segments (except the basal

middle of fifth narrowly) are covered with short scale-like

yellowish hair, and also bear much ‘erect yellow hair.

Head broad ; face densely covered with shining creamy white

hair; clypeus normal; mandibles black; cheeks below with

a copious beard of white hair; flagellum very obscurely

brownish beneath ; vertex, mesothorax, and scutellum closely

punctured, but the shining surface between the punctures

evident ; vertex with daik fuscous, occiput with white hair;

19*

284 Mr. T. J. Evans-—Bronomical Observations

mesothorax and scutellum with black hair, but some white in

the suture between them and just behind tegule ; much long

white hair behind scutellum, and a white tuft below tegule ;

hair of upper part of pleura black, the rest white; tegule

dark rufo-fuscous. Wings strongly infuscated. Legs dark

rufo-fuscous, with black and white hair, that on inner side of

tarsi rufo-fulvous ; anterior tarsi simple, but rather thick;

anterior and middle tarsi with a fringe of long hair behind ;

hair on outer side of hind tibia glittering white. Abdomen

rather short, the second and third segments constricted

apically ; first segment with white hair fringing the basin and

black hair just behind ; first three segments slightly rutes-

cent, each with a very narrow, rather inconspicuous, apical

hair-band, which widens laterally on first into a white patch,

and on the others into a Jarge long-triangular patch, which is

suffused with yellowish ; similar patches are seen at sides of

fourth segment ; sixth segment rather obtusely bispinose.

Related to M. rhodura, Ckll., but much more robust, with

the abdominal punctures less dense and very much smaller,

the wings much darker, &c.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, May 1900 ( Turner, 624).

Localities of Mexican Bees.

In paper XXVI. of this series, I described certain Mexican

bees in the Berlin Museum, the precise localities of which

were in doubt. The following information received from

Mr. E. Strand will help to elucidate the matter :—

(1) Ferdinand Deppe sent to the Berlin Museum in 1829

specimens from the following localities :—Temascal-

tepek; Real Ariba; Oaxaca; Vallereal; Rio Alvarado.

Some of the bees, at least, were from Oaxaca, and

very likely all came from there.

(2) Alphonse Forrer collected in the high plateau at

8100 ft. in the vicinity of Durango, Mexico (Durango

City =Ciudad Durango). The citation California on

the labels is an error.

XXX.—Bionomical Observations on some British Millipedes.

By T. J. Evans.

THE following observations deal with the habits, and espe-

cially the breeding- and moulting-habits, of some of the

British Millipedes, viz. Glomeris marginata, Polydesmus

on some British Millipedes. 285

complanatus, Brachydesmus superus, Julus terrestris and

sabulosus, and Blantulus guttulatus, Contradictory accounts

of the behaviour of these and related species have already

been given by a goodly number of writers, and often the

least convincing ones have found their way into recent text-

books,

‘The Millipedes may be found wherever their safety against

flood and drought is secured, and where the soil is such as to

allow them to recede during extremes of heat and cold.

In general they feed on decaying matter, animal and vege-

table, though the Julids like fresh vegetables. Glomeris shows

a preference for oak-plantations, while the Polydesmids,

Blaniulus, and Atractosoma are commonly found near human

habitations, and are distinctly refuse-eaters. I have taken as

many as twenty Brachydesmids on a putrefying worm, while

decaying rhubarb-leaves strewn in ditches will soon attract

a gathering of Blaniuli if there happen to be any in the

neighbourhood.

Most of the literature of a controversial nature has, however,

been written in connexion with the breeding arrangements of

these animals, and especially with the mode of construction of

the nest and moulting recess so characteristic of the Milli-

pedes. In these respects, as well as in anatomical structure,

the Glomerids differ widely from the Polydesmids and Julids,

Glomeris limbata (=marginata).

The breeding-period.extends from March till the end of

July, but is subject to much variation, a late spring or the

early advent of settled hot weather restricting the limits con-

siderably. In spring Glomeris is usually found in couples,

or perhaps still more commonly in threes—two males and one

female. The male is much smaller than the female. The

copulatory feet are the modified legs of the penultimate seg-

ment, while the female opening lies between the second pair

of legs. Copulation takes place, as described by Humbert

and yom Rath, by apposition of the pair in the head to tail

position. As the male opening is situated on the second

segment, a preliminary impregnation of the copulatory feet

must take place.

Egg-laying is an interrupted process, and in nature the

same female may lay her eggs in small groups in several

places, usually thinly buried in the loose soil, and always

under cover of moss or dead leaves. Neither in nature nor

in captivity have I seen the deep burying of the eggs

described by vom Rath. Whien an egg is about to be laid,

286 Mr. T. J. Evans—Bionomical Observations

the female rolls over on her back, and the little egg is passed

backwards from segment to segment by the feet until it

arrives at the end of the body. ‘There it is held immediately

over the anal region, and the rectum is everted to a considerable

extent, so as to form a mobile pad holding a small quantity

of very fluid excrement. This is carefully plastered on to

the under surface of the egg and held there until the fluid

gradually filters back into the intestine. As soon as the thin

layer of excrement is sufficiently firm, the egg is turned round

through a small angle and the process repeated until the

whole egg is plastered over at least twice. In this way the

egg is enclosed in a shell about } mm. in thickness and

2 mm. in total diameter. When the case is complete, the

female tilts it over to the ground, and may right herself or

proceed to lay and enclose another.

When the case is firm and dry the egg lies freely in a

spherical chamber. Occasionally two or even three eggs are

enclosed in one mass, but always in separate compartments.

Vom Rath regards the egg-laying as a continuous uninter-

rupted process which follows in about three weeks or a

month after a single act of copulation. It would seem, how-

ever, that in G. limbata at least the laying is done at intervals,

with several intervening acts of copulation. After the laying

the female pays no further heedtothem. The young Glomeris

make their way out of the case by eating a hole init. In

consequence of this many authors regard the case as a source

of food for the young. This can only be an accidental use,

as the shell is often made of excrement that is little better

than earth plus a little glandular secretion. Comparison with

the Polydesmids will show that the case serves a much more

important economic purpose than the provision of a first meal

in surroundings where food is plentiful.

Polydesmus complanatus.

The breeding-period is similar to that of Glomerts, though

Fabre placed it in September. In this he was led astray by

the discovery of coupled pairs in autumn. Copulation may

take place in warm weather at any time of year, but no one

has ever found eggs except in spring and summer.

‘The genital openings are on the third segment, and, unlike

Glomeris, the copulatory appendages of Polydesmus take the

place of a pair of legs on the seventh segment. The male

approaches the female from behind, and runs along the back

till the head is reached. Suddenly turning round towards

the ventral surface, he seizes the lower lip with his mandibles,

on some British Millipedes. 287

retaining this hold until the body of the female is for most

of its length embraced in the broader grasp of the male. In

marked contrast with Glomeris, copulation lasts a long time,

usually two days or more, and takes place only once. One

naturally couples this with the fact that the Polydesmus

female also lays all her eggs at one time.

It is interesting to note that a fertilized female, when

touched on the anal segment by a male, immediately darts

forward and refuses to be caught. With a camel-hair brush

the fertilized females in a collection can be readily recognized

by touching lightly on the anal segment.

About three weeks intervene between fertilization and nest-

building. Again, in striking contrast with Glomeris, the

eggs of the Polydesmids are all enclosed in a common

covering. This nest is a thin-walled, particularly well-made

dome-shaped tent, surmounted by a narrow tubular chimney.

‘The nest is built on a firm substratum—a stone, a leaf, the

inside of an acorn-cup, or the inner surface of a piece of bark,

In one respect, however, Polydesmus agrees with Glomeris

and other Diplopods, viz. that the whole of the building-

material passes through the gut, or, in other words, is com-

posed of excrement made fluid with a secretion that hardens

on exposure, and that the whole of the building is done by

the very mobile surfaces of the extroverted rectum. A great

deal of discretion is employed in the selection of a suitable

building-site. Ifa stone is selected, the building is done on

a spot with a slightly concave contour ; if a smooth patch of

firm soil or bark, then the female eats out a concavity in it.

The site being selected, the female bends itself into a circle

and walks round and round, leaving a rapidly drying blob of

excrement behind it as it goes, until the concave spot is

surrounded by a rampart the circumference of which is

slightly greater than the length of the animal. This rampart

is built in such a way that a section across the edge would be

roughly triangular in outline, being broad at the base and

thinning off as it rises. The construction of the sides and

roof demands far greater skill and precision, on account of

the extreme tenuity and the graded roundness of the dome.

For this purpose the everted rectum is no longer used as a

trowel for plastering, but the blob of material is moulded, as

if between finger and thumb, into a thin layer, and held in

position, until it is sufficiently well fixed, by the two apposed

sides of the rectal wall. Meanwhile the animal walks round

the rim as before, adding new pieces as it goes, each piece

slightly overlapping the one behind and below it, like tiles on

a roof. When the nest has reached about two-thirds its full

288 Mr. T. J. Evans—Bionomical Observations

height the eggs are laid. For this purpose the animal lies

across the nest, and the eggs drop in one after another,

sticking together as they drop. Now the roofing-in alone

remains to be done. The animal is no longer able to walk

round the rim, the circumference of the circle being now

much reduced. ‘The head end of the animal accordingly

walks round on the ground outside the nest and bites the soil

or nibbles a leaf, while the anal region goes on with its delicate

work on the rim. It is at this point that the extreme con-

centration of the building faculty in the hinder end comes

most forcibly home to the observer. In this connexion it is

necessary to mention a structure of obvious importance to

the accuracy of the work, viz. the supra-anal process. This

process, with its six tactile hairs, is lowered into contact with

the rim before each new piece is placed in position. ‘The

central chimney is sometimes quite short, but in others it is

the climax of the artistic effort, being narrow at the base and

broadening out above into an excellent funnel.

This nest is not always built in one shift, but is always

completed once the eggs are laid. When the nest is finished

the female does not leave it immediately, but remains coiled

round it for about a week, and is often difficult to remove.

Oftentimes it also covers it up with bits of leaves and wisps

of grass, which, if removed, it will replace over and over

again.

The nest of Brachydesmus resembles that of Polydesmus,

but is much smaller and more conical,

The Julide.

The Julids begin their breeding rather later in the year

than the Polydesmids. Neither in captivity nor outside have

I seen nest-building started before the end of May or the

beginning of June. Their mode of copulation is similar to

that of the Polydesmids; but in their nest-building methods

they differ in several very striking and significant points. It

is true that the eggs of the Julids are all laid together in one

enclosure and at one time; but the nest is a very crule

structure compared with that of Polydesmus, and the building

instinct is of a much lower order, The most striking point of

contrast, however, is the fact that the Julid nest is mainly

built from the inside, the top only being laid on from the

outside,

The female burrows into the loose soil until it comes to a

firm foundation, usually a stone, where it proceeds to make a

dome-shaped clearing, the shaping being done by the jaws.

on some British Millipedes. 289

This space is then plastered from the inside with liquid

excrement by means of the everted rectum, the animal mean-

while having to assume some very uncomfortable positions

during the process. On emerging from the recess the female

pushes its way into a position astride the open top and lays

its eggs. The subsequent closing of the hole in the top was

not observed, but examination of the completed nest showed

that it was made rather loosely from bits of cemented earth.

The females observed paid no further attention to the nest.

The method described above is employed by all three

Julids, and was most easily made out in the case of the

large J. sabulosus building against the bottom of a glass

vessel,

The account here given is unfortunately incomplete for the

British Millipedes, because the Chordeumida are quite

unrepresented, but owing to the ravages of white moulds and

minute Mermithidee, the writer has never succeeded in keeping

either Craspedosoma or Atractosama alive in captivity long

enough to cover the breeding-period,

Moulting.

The procedure during moulting is so closely related to that

of nest-building that it may well be considered here.

With regard to Glomeris, | agree with Hennings, in oppo-

sition to Verhoeff and vom Rath, that the animal seeks no

special protection during moulting, but does it in some loose

earth or on the surface under the moss or dead leaves. In

spite, however, of Hennings’s assertion to the contrary, the

moulted G. limbata is most certainly pale at first, but may

remain in the old case long enough to develop the dark tint

of the normal animal.

The case of the Julids and Polydesmids is very different,

and in both the moulting animal secretes itself in a recess

identical in its mode of construction with the nest built by

the female Julus for its eggs, ¢. e. it is a dome-shaped recess

plastered from within, In it the animal lies for some time

after the moulting in a perfectly motionless and helpless

condition, scarcely responding even to the prick of a pin.

These observations place the nest of Ju/us on a plane with

the moulting recesses of both Judus and Polydesmus, while

raising the Polydesmid nest to a plane altogether superior,

demanding a faculty not possessed by the Julids nor by the

males of its own species.

The reason for the exceeding care taken to guard the eggs

and the helpless animal during moulting is suggested by

290 On some British Millipedes.

Mr. F. G. Sinclair, in his account of the cannibalistic pro-

clivities of the male Lithobius in his article on the Myriopoda

in the ‘Cambridge Natural History.’ In order to test the

applicability of this accusation to the Millipedes, I placed a

stone bearing three nests of Polydesmus in a vivarium con-

taining a number of adult animals. No notice whatever was

taken of the nests until a portion of the roof of one of the

nests was removed, when the first male that wandered that

way entered and devoured the whole contents of the nest.

The same result was obtained several times with injured

nests, and the cannibal was always a male, the females not

attacking the eggs even when offered to them. Nor does the

male Polydesmus pay any attention to the eggs of Julus

strewn in its path. Exactly the same result was obtained by

placing an injured moulting recess in the way of the male of

the same species as the occupier. ‘The helpless moulter was

invariably eaten up. It is rather curious that even in this

instance the female should be guiltless, Experiment showed

that Glomeris shared this universal cannibalism of the male.

It should be mentioned that the account here given is in

several respects in disagreement with the observations of some

other writers. The use of fluid excrement in the construction

of the egg-coverings was mentioned by von Schlechtendal

for Polydesmus and by Humbert for Glomeris, Vom Rath

stoutly denies this, without, however, giving any alternative

account of the mode of procedure. He admits that a rectal

secretion is used, but it is for the cementing together of grains

of soil. Unfortunately he does not explain how the grains of

soil come to lie handy, as in the case, e. g., of a Glomeris

lying on its back. For the disproof of what he calls the

Humbertian hypothesis he relies partly on chemical experi-

ment. ‘l'he substance of the nest gives effervescence with

acid. This is, however, only natural, since the female eats

leaves and soil indiscriminately during the laying period.

Microscopic examination shows that one Glomeris egg-case

is largely made up of soil, while another is composed entirely

of triturated leaves. In any case careful observation of the

species here mentioned shows that the whole of the building-

material comes directly from the intestine.

One essential condition for the accurate observation of the

behaviour of the Millipedes is to accustom the animals to

moderate light for some time before the observations are

made. Vom Rath and others warn us that the Millipedes

must be kept in semi-darkness, These animals, however, soon

get over their shyness and behave quite naturally in light of

On the Genera Tatera and Taterillus. 291

moderate intensity, and it is then alone that their doings can

be watched with closeness and accuracy.

Mr. Sinclair, in the article already quoted, expresses tlie

desirability of re-investigating the breeding-habits of the

Myriopods, and prophecies that a full inquiry would help to

answer some still unsolved Myriopod problems. Whether

this is partially fulfilled or not, two things stand out clearly,

viz. that the Glomeride, in so far as their breeding-habits

are concerned, are separated by a wide gap from the other

Millipedes examined, and that the Polydesmide have improved

on the Julide in nest-building methods while retaining the

cruder Julid type of moulting recess.

My gratitude is due to Mr. Sinclair for the instigation to

begin these observations and for advice during their conduct.

XXXI.—African Gerbils of the Genera Tatera and

Taterillus. By R. C. WrouGuron.

In an instalment of the Rudd Collection recently made by

Mr. Robin Kemp at Voi in British East Africa were speci-

mens of three—if not four—torms of Gerbils belonging or

closely related to the genus Tutera.

In drawing up my key to the genus (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

1906, xvii. p. 475), I unfortunately overlooked two species

described by Peters from this part of Africa. The descriptions

are very meagre, but one of them deals with such a strongly

marked species that there can be no doubt that it refers to

one of the present forms of which the following is a fuller

description.

Tatera nigricauda, Peters.

Size greater than that of any known African Tatera,

General colour above blackish ‘‘cinnamon,” paling to

“ochraceous buff” on the flanks; individual hairs of the

back basally “ slate-grey ” for two-thirds (10 mm.) their

length, remaining third made up of a subterminal buff ring

and a black tip; below pure white, the hairs white to their

bases. Face between the eyes coloured like back, cheeks

like flanks; a pale, almost white, patch between eye and

base of ear. Hands and feet white. ‘Tail rather thickly

clothed with black hairs, equally so above and below, through-

out its whole length.

Skull large and stout, supraorbital ridges very strongly

marked and continued backwards along sides of brain-case

292 Mr. R. C. Wroughton on

to meet the almost equally well-marked lambdoid ridge.

Posterior palatal foramina long, longer than in valida, &e.,

about as in dundasi.

Dimensions of an adult male (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 193 mm.; tail 208; hind foot 41;

ear (22).

Skull: greatest length 52; basilar length 40; zygomatic

breadth 27; nasals 24; least intraorbital breadth 9; brain-

case breadth 19 ; diastema 15; anterior palatal foramina 9°5 ;

posterior palatal foramina 3 ; upper molar series 7; bulle 14.

Mr. Kemp obtained a fine series of 27 specimens of both

sexes and all ages. In any key to the genus Tatera this

remarkable species would occupy a section by itself, charac-

terized by its uniformly black tail; in all other known species

the tail is either dark above and pale below, as in all African

forms, or dark above and below and pale at the'sides, as in

the Asiatic.

Peters’s second species, which I overlooked, is 7’. vicina.

There is a specimen from the type locality—Kitui—in the

National Collection, which may be accepted as representative

of that species. In my monograph (J. ¢.) I described

T. mombase from Mombasa. ‘These two forms are un-

doubtedly closely related, if not identical. With such a

meagre description and only one, not very good, specimen,

it is not possible to come to a reliable conclusion. 7. vicina

seems to have a well-marked tail-tuft, while mombase has a

longer, more tapering tail with no long hairs towards the tip.

Both these forms are represented in the Voi collection.

Finally, when my key was prepared, 7. emini, characterized

by a band of hairs across the sole of the foot, immediately

behind the hallucal pad, occupied a section by itself. Since

then other species with this character have been described, and

quite recently (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Aug. 1910, p. 222)

Mr. Thomas has established the genus Taterillus to receive

them. There is a new form among the Gerbils from Voi, and

in comparing it with specimens from the Nile Valley it

appears that a series of specimens obtained at Dug-dug in the

Bahr-el-Ghazal by Mr, A. L. Butler represents a form

distinct from emént, its near neighbour.

Thus there are now six species known of the genus

Taterillus, which may be arranged in a key as follows :—

A, Size larger.

a. Colour darker.

a’, Head and body 140 mm.; hind foot 30;

skulllength 36; brain-case 14; upper

molars 5'2. General colour “ Mars-

brown” “(Waele (i720. 6 2 suse Taterillus emini, Thos.

the Genera Tatera and Taterillus. 293

b'. Head and body 120 mm. ; hind foot 29 ;

skull 34; brain-case 15; molars 5.

General colour “ vinaceous cinnamon.”

(Bahr-el-Ghasal.).. «hades ate decas's. T. butleri, sp. u.

ce’. Head and body 120 mm. ; hind foot 31 ;

skull 86; brain-case 16; molars 5.

CB, Ey Asy. ca crass thew wile ete oe T. osqoodi, sp. n.

6. Colour paler. Head and body 120 mm. ;

hind foot 30; skull 37; brain-case 14°5 ;

molars 5°2. General colour * ochraceous

Poi.” ; (Lake Ghad.)i. ci sdk eutinnd T. lacustris, Th. & Wr.

B. Size smaller.

a, Head and body 100 mm.; hind foot 28 ;

skull 31; brain-case 14; molars 4°5.

General colour “clay colour.” (Lake

POMS Wer a Goldin dx 5 das € cla sks wa sige et T. harringtont, Thos.

6. Head and body 92 mm.; hind foot 29;

skull: 32; brain-case 14; molars 5:1.

General colour Mars-brown. (Gambia.) 7°. gracilis, Thos.

Taterillus osgoodi, sp. n.

A Taterillus about the size of 7. emin7, distinguished by

its darker colouring and broader stouter skull.

Size about as in 7’. emini, General colour above ferrugi-

nous russet, becoming more purely ferruginous on the flanks,

individual hairs blackish slate basally (10 mm.), then ferru-

ginous (2°3 mm.), with a sharp black tip; below pure white.

Hands and feet white. A band of a few scattered short pale

hairs across the tarsus behind the hallucal pad. Proximal

half of tail clothed with short ferruginous hairs, darker above,

paler below, distal half furnished (especially above) with long

(10 mm.) blackisli-brown hairs forming a long tuft.

Skull of the same size as in emzni, but much broader and

stouter, the characteristic long posterior palatal foramina

fairly well developed.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 117 mm.; tail 150; hind foot 31; ear

17°5.

Skull: greatest length 36°5; basilar length 27; zygo-

matic breadth 18; nasals 15; least interorbital breadth 6;

brain-case breadth 16-5; diastema 10; anterior palatal fora-

mina 5°5; posterior palatal foramina 4; upper molar series

4°8; bulle 10:3. ;

Hab. British East Africa (Type from Voi. Alt. 2000’.)

Type. Adult male. Rudd Dellsction. Original number

958. Collected on 16th April, 1910.

Mr. Kemp sent a series of seven specimens,

294 Messrs. E. W. L. Holt and L. W. Byrne on a

Taterillus butleri, sp. n.

A Tateri/lus rather smaller and more brightly coloured

than 7°. emint,

Size rather smaller than emini. General colour above

“‘ vinaceous cinnamon,” paling on the flanks to “ pinkish

buff,” on the lower back a reddish suffusion amounting almost

to hazel; below pure white. Hands and feet white. ‘Tail

coloured like back, paler below, distal half clothed with long

(10 mm.) dark brown hairs.

Skull shorter and broader than in emind.

Dimensions of the type (recorded by the collector) :——

Head and body 120 mm. ; tail 150; hind foot 29; ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 35; basilar length 27; zygomatic

breadth 18; nasals 15; interorbital breadth 6°5 ; brain-case

breadth 15; diastema 10; upper molar series 5; anterior

palatal foramina 6; posterior palatal foramina 4°5 ; bulle 9.

Hab, Bahr-el-Ghazal. (Type from Dug-dug.)

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 8.4.2.17. Collected by

Mr. A. L. Butler on 19th January, 1907.

Mr. Butler sent two series, viz.: one, from Raffile on the

Sueh River, due south of Wau, collected in February 1908,

which is not distinguishable from 7. emini; while the other,

obtained in January 1907, at Dug-dug (8° N. and 28° E.)

considerably north of Wau, represents the present species.

XXXII.—Preliminary Diagnosis of a new Stomiatid Fish

from South-west of Ireland. By E. W. L. Horr and

L. W. Byrne.

THE specimen before us was taken by Messrs. Farran and

Kemp in a shrimp-trawl fished from the ‘ Helga’ on 12th No-

vember, 1909, at Station S.R. 858, 51° 20’ N., 11° 56’ W..,

off the south-west coast of Ireland. The soundings were

736 fathoms, but the net never touched bottom, and probably

did not go deeper than 700 fathoms.

It is closely allied to the West-Atlantic Grammatostomias

dentatus, Goode and Bean (‘Oceanic Ichthyology,’ 1895),

from which, however, as also from any other fish of which

we have seen a description, it is at once distinguished by a

most conspicuous pale band, which forms a closed loop on

the anterior half of each side of the body. The fish has,

new Stomiatid Fish from South-west of Ireland. — 295

moreover, a slender simple hyoid barbel about six times as

long as its body.

Both G. dentatus and the species below described are

known from single specimens only, and under these circum-

stances we think it better not to create a new genus for the

reception of the Irish fish, but to so modify the existing

definition of the genus Grammatostomias as to include both

the latter and G. dentatus.

The great liability to injury of a long and slender barbel

makes the presence of such an organ an unsatisfactory cha-

racter for use in generic definition; the structure of the

pectoral fins in G. flagellibarba, while apparently unique,

cannot be accurately described, and the very singular, probably

luminous, looped band of the last-named species may possibly

be present in one sex only, like certain luminous organs in

some Scopelids. Apart from the pectoral and the band there

seems to be very little difference between G. dentatus and

G. flagellibarba.

‘The genus Grammatostomias may be redefined as follows:—

GRAMMATOSTOMIAS.

Form compressed and moderately elongate. Dorsal and

anal with numerous rays opposite each other and near the

caudal. Pectorals present, set very low. Ventrals set at

about the middle of the total length without the caudal, but

nearer to the head than to the caudal. Caudal with the dorsal

lobe shorter than the ventral. Eye not longer than the

snout. ‘Teeth in the jaws widely separate and fang-like, an

anterior fixed pair in each jaw followed by several smaller

fixed teeth and by a few depressible teeth situate a little

internally to the fixed teeth. Vomer toothless. Hyoid barbel

very long and simple. Skin without scales. ‘I'wo rows of

small photophores on the sides below the middle line.

Grammatostomias flagellibarba, sp. n.

Length of head about 53 in total length without caudal fin

and a little greater than greatest height of body, which is

about twice its greatest width. Eyes shorter than snout,

about 8 in length of head and 22 in width of interorbital

space.

Teeth * slender and very sharp, their bases closely sur-

rounded by the black epidermis. ‘Those in upper jaw almost

* Some individual variation in the dentition may be reasonably

assumed,

296 On a new Stomiatid Fish.

uniserial ; a non-depressible tooth about as long as eye at

each side of symphysis, this is followed by a much longer

depressible tooth and one or two smaller depressible teeth on

each side, all of which are in a line slightly internal to two

smaller non-depressible teeth which lie in the intervals be-

tween the depressible teeth ; the posterior end of the maxilla

is rough with minute teeth in a single series. On the man-

dibles there are anteriorly and corresponding to the anterior

teeth in the upper jaw a pair of long non-depressible teeth ;

behind these there are six depressible teeth diminishing some-

what in size backwards, and two non-depressible teeth lying

ina line slightly external to the depressible teeth and situated

beliind the first and third teeth of the depressible series ; the

points of the non-depressible teeth are somewhat outwardly

directed.

Hyoid barbel stout basally, produced into a slender filament

many times longer than the body. Pectorals placed close

together near the ventral margin, apparently devoid of any

large detached ray, two of the rays short and fleshy, the

remainder, of which one is anterior to the fleshy rays, slender *.

Ventrals with about 7 slender rays, set a little nearer to the

snout than to the caudal fin, their length about equal to the

height of the body at their point of insertion. Dorsal with

about 20 rays, its base a little shorter than the greatest height

of the body. Anal with about 22 rays, its base a little longer

than the greatest height of the body ; both fins with compa-

ratively short rays set in rather conspicnous fleshy bases.

Height of caudal peduncle less than the length of the

snout. Skin black, rather thick, with barely perceptible

granulations t. A group of grey specks (looking like fungoid

growths) at the hind angle of the gill-cover, and another

group below the origin of the band mentioned below. Other

and smaller grey specks sporadically scattered over the lower

parts of the cheeks and the fore part of the body. A thin

band (of matter similar in appearance to the specks above

mentioned and raised above the skin after the manner of a

scar or cicatrix), forming a long loop with acute posterior

angle ¢, extending beyond the vertical from the insertion of

* The fleshy rays are at present colourless, but may have lost their

integument. The original coudition and number of the slender rays is

beyond conjecture. They are now represented by a few hair-like pro-

cesses, which may be either the true rays or portions thereof divide by

fission.

+ The faint vertical markings present in allied Stomiatids did not

become apparent until the fish had Se preserved in alcohol and formalin

for some weeks.

t On one side there isa very short process posterior to the angle.

On the British Roe-deer. 297

the ventrals, its lower limb wider and boldly sinuous at its

origin, the rest narrow and feebly sinuous. A large photo-

phore behind and slightly below the eye, occluled by skin

save for a narrow slit. A row of very small photophores,

hardly visible externally, below the middle line of the side

from the head to the caudal peduncle; another row near the

ventrum, trom the thoracic rezion to the anus. Colour

velvety black; looped band purplish grey ; barbel grey.

Total length without caudal fin and lower jaw (in type)

172 mm.

We are indebted to our friend Professor MacBride for

sections of a part of the looped band. Preliminary examina-

tion shows a cordof apparently glandular tissue, oval in section,

covered with a thin membrane and lying in a groove of the

skin, of which the black pigment is continued throughout

the groove. We find nothing in the structure to suggest

that the band is a lateral line, though its position suggests a

derivation from that organ, which in its ordinary form is

absent from both species of Grammatostomias. We have

ascertained from the authorities of the U.S. National Museum

and Dr. Brauer that the type of @. dentatus and the material

of closely allied forms taken by the ‘ Valdivia’ are sufficiently

perfect to make it certain that none of them possessed any

structure in the nature of the looped band, which appears to

be a luminous organ.

XXXII.— The British Loe-deer (Capreolus capreolus

thotti), a preliminary Diagnosis. By Dr. E1NAR LONNBERG,

.M.Z.S. &e.

A FEW years ago my friend Count Tage Thott mentioned to

me that he had seen some British Roe-deer which appeared

to him to be different to the Swedish which constitute the

type of Linnaeus’s species.

During a sojourn in London this summer I had the

opportunity of ascertaining the correctness of Count ‘Thott’s

observation by studying, with the kind permission of

Mr. Oldfield Thomas, the material of British Roe-deer in the

British Museum Nat. Hist. I am thus able to give the

following short preliminary diagnosis, and hope to have the

opportunity in the near future to publish a more complete

description accompanied by some figures.

The British Roe-deer, which appears to be somewhat

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, vi. 20

298 On Parantirrhoea marshalli, W.-J/.

smaller and to have smaller antlers, is a very much darker

animal all over than the Swedish, and it has a more blackish

face and blackish ears. As type for the new subspecies I

propose no. 8.11.22.1 in Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., from

Aberfeldy. In winter pelage the whole face and the sides of

the head are blackish. The nose is sprinkled with whitish

tips to some hairs; especially on a spot above the rhinarium,

these light-tipped hairs are more numerous, and the sides of

the head grizzled with longer buffish tips to the hairs. On

the forehead the black ground-colour dominates, but is

somewhat sprinkled with buff tips. The ears are mixed black

and buff—more black at the tips, more buff basally. The

neck and the back are dark brown, the visible parts of the

hair being blackish with rings of a rich buff, sometimes

inclining to rufous. The basal, not visible, parts of the hair

are dark grey, much darker than in Swedish specimens. ‘lhe

sides of the body are not quite so dark as the back, the ground-

colour being somewhat paler and the rings paler buff. The

throat behind the white chin-spot is buffish, lighter in the

middle. The lower side of the neck is buffish grey, not

coarsely sprinkled as in Swedish specimens. ‘The lower side

of the breast is grey, darker and less buffish than in Swedish

specimens. The black nose-mark and the speculum as usual,

although the latter seems to be smaller than in Swedish

specimens. The fur all over the body is not so long nor so

coarse as in Swedish specimens.

In summer pelage the British Roe-deer has a black patch

on the forehead surrounded by rufous and somewhat sprinkled

with the same colour, The ears have broad blackish margins

and are otherwise mixed with buffish. The upper neck and

back are very rich rufous, the sides of the body somewhat

paler, and the lower parts still lighter; the throat behind the

white chin-spot pale buff, the belly almost whitish.

XXXI1IV.— Description of the Indian Butterfly Parantirrhoea

marshalli, W.-M. (female). By Lieuts-Colonel N. Man-

vDERS, F.E.S.

THE male was desciibed by Wood-Mason in 1880 from a

male specimen captured by Mr. Harold Ferguson in the

Ashamboo Hills in May. The female is not noticed by

Bingham (‘ Butterflies of India,’ vol. i. 1905), and a descrip-

tion would therefore appear to be necessary, as it is evidently

unknown.

On new Species of Ticks. 299

Expanse 2 2 inches (55 mm.).

Upperside fuscous; an irregular, ochreous, somewhat

circular spot on costa beyond the cell extending to the second

discoidal nervule, partly surrounded, particularly at the outer

portion, by pale shining violet, A discal series of five small

white spots in interspaces 2-6, followed by a waved sub-

marginal pale ochreous line extending the whole length of

termen,

Hind wing fuscous; a small white spot in interspaces 2-4

on the disc, a continuation of those on the fore wing; the

ochreous submarginal line extends from costa to possibly anal

angle (the specimen is too worn for certainty).

Underside: both wings pale ochreous, with minute darker

striz ; a somewhat darker ill-defined basal and discal band

crossing both wings; a submarginal series of inconspicuous

brown specks.

Antenne ochreous brown; thorax and abdomen the same

colour as the wings.

The specimen is unfortunately in very bad condition, but

there is no appearance of the deep violet suffusion of the

male.

Mr. Wood-Mason’s conjecture that the venation of thie

female would, unlike the male, conform to the generality of

butterflies is confirmed.

I am indebted to Mr. Williams Hockin for the loan of the

butterfly for description ; he informs me that it is found in

Travancore at the foot of the hills, or between that and

3000 feet. “It is only found on Jtah (small hill bamboo) in

drizzly weather in October.”

It is evidently very rare.

XXXV.—Deseriptions of Five new Species of Ticks (Ixodidz).

By Sranvey Hirst and L. F. Hirst, M.D.

. (Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Amblyomma darwint, sp. n.

g.— Scutum oval in shape, longer than broad, and

narrowed anteriorly, Cervical grooves deep, fairly long,

and slightly divergent posteriorly. In line with and at

some distance behind each of the cervical grooves there is

a small oval impression, and a little to the outer of this

20*

300 Mr. S. and Dr. L. F. Hirst on

impression a pair of similar impressions is present. Postero-

median groove long, straight, and not very deep; anteriorly

it is almost confluent with a small but rather deep circular

pit. Postero-lateral grooves deep at the anterior end, fairly

long, and broader than the postero-median. Punctures

numerous, small, and mostly subequal in size; towards the

sides, however, they are a little larger than elsewhere. Hyes

pale and very slightly convex (fig. 1).

Fig. 1.—Amblyomma darwini, 3. Dorsal view, x 10.

Fig. 2.— ” ” 2. ” ” x 8.

Ventral surface furnished with numerous rather superficial

punctures. Stigmata elongate and almost comma-shaped.

Rostrum short, its base almost smooth above. Hypostome

with three files of teeth on each side. Dorsal surface of the

second segment of the palp towards the middle with a distinct

prominence (which is also present in the female).

Legs of moderate length. Coxa of first leg armed with

two small spurs; coxe of legs 2-4 each with a single small

conical spur, that of the fourth being the longest. Tarsus of

fourth only slightly convex dorsally and furnished with two

terminal spurs below.

Colour deep brown above, dirty yellowish-white below. -

Measurements in mm.—Length of scutum 2°56, its greatest

breadth 2°12 ; length of rostrum °64.

2? .—Body oval in shape and furnished with a number of

depressions, which much resemble those of the scutum of the

male. Numerous pale-coloured hairs are present, which are

comparatively slender and of small size.

Scutum wider than long and heart-shaped. Cervical

grooves short. A second pair of deep and rather large

new Species of Ticks. 301

grooves is present behind and in line with the cervicals, and

sometimes almost continuous with them; on each side of this

yosterior pair of grooves there is a lateral impression, which

is well marked in some examples, but indistinct in others.

Punctures fairly numerous, but not very deep, and rather

unequal in size (fig. 2).

Stigmata almost comma-shaped.

Lostrum rather short. Porose areas deep and oval in

shape. Hypostome with three files of teeth on each side.

Legs.—Armature of the coxe of the legs similar to that of

the male, ‘Tarsus of fourth leg of different shape to that of

the male ; it is stout, rather strongly convex dorsally, and the

slope is long but not very steep, the apex being narrowed,

Colour.— Body dark brown above, the ventral surface

yellowish-brown. Scutum very dark brown, with irregular

pale patches (which are only visible in the dry examples).

Legs the same colour as the scutum and with the distal ends

of the segments ringed with white.

Measurements in mm.—Length of body 4, width of body

2°75; length of scutum 1°12, width of scutum 1°6 ; length

of rostrum *9.

Material.—Three males (one of which is the type) and two

females, found on an Amblyrhynchus cristatus from Albemarle

Island, Galapagos. Three females (and also several nymphs

and larve) from an Amblyrhynchus cristatus labelled Gala-

pagos (exact locality not given). Two dry female specimens

trom St. Paul’s Island, which were collected by Charles

Darwin, and two dry females labelled Galapagos, also collected

by Darwin.

Remarks.—The specimens collected by Darwin were iden-

tified by Prof. Neumann as A. hirtum, Nn. The male of

A. darwini, sp. n., is very unlike that of A. hirtum (ef.

Neumann’s fig. and our fig. 1). ‘The scutum of the female of

A. darwint is very much smoother than that of A. hirtum,

and the punctures are not so deep and are further apart.

We may remark here that all the specimens of A. hirtum,

Nn., were collected by Darwin; according to his labels both

the species under discussion occur on St. Paul’s Island.

Amblyomma boulengeri, sp. n.

g.—Scutum longer than wide, and slightly narrowed

anteriorly. Punetures numerous and very fine. Anterior

part of cervical grooves deep and slightly curved; posterior

part very slight and inconspicuous, divergent from that ot

the opposite side, and extending as far backwards as the

302 Mr. S. and Dr. L. F. Hirst on

postero-lateral margin of the pseudoscutum (see Colour). A

pair of characteristic oblique impressions, partly formed of

enlarged punctures, are present posteriorly, one on each side

of the scutum ; their shape resembles somewhat that of a

comma, the broad end being situated close to the margin

(near to the anteriormost festoon and almost touching the

upper end of the stigina), the narrowed end pointing inwards

and connected by a dark and narrow line (and sometimes by

an ill-defined depression also) with the posterior margin of

the pseudoscutum. Postero-median groove represented by a

smooth dark line. Marginal grooves are not present. Fes-

toons short and fairly well defined. Eyes small, flat, and

pale in colour (fig. 3).

Fig. 3.— Amblyomma boulengert, . Dorsal view, X 16.

Fig. 4 ” ” 9 ‘ ” ” x 13.

_ Ventral surface finely wrinkled. Stigmata long, narrow,

and shaped like a comma.

Rostrum short; its base rectangular, the dorsal surface

being furnished with a number of minute punctures. Hypo-

stome with three files of teeth on each side.

Legs short. Coxa of first leg with two short and incon-

spicuous spurs ; coxze of second and third unarmed (or with

a single very short spur) ; coxa of fourth with a single very

short spur. ‘Tarsus of fourth rather gradually narrowed.

Colour.—A pseudoscutum, which is light brown in colour

in dried specimens and copper-coloured when immersed in

spirit, is present, and the central part enclosed by the cervical

grooves is sometimes darker than the sides; its posterior

margin is delimited by a pale transverse line. The rest of

the surface of the scutum is drab (in spirit copper-coloured),

new Species of Ticks. 303

A brown speck is present above each eye and a very short

dark longitudinal mark on either side of the pale transverse

line, a minute central speck being present between these two.

The postero-median groove and the oblique lateral depressions

are also dark in colour.

Measurements in mm.—Length of scutum 1°75, its greatest

breadth 1:4; length of rostrum °47.

? .—Body oval; the part of the dorsal surface which is

left uncovered by the scutum is furnished with numerous

short and stout drab-coloured hairs.

Scutum cordiform. Punctures numerous, fairly deep, and

subequal in size. Cervical grooves well-defined and coming

to an end at some distance from the posterior margin. Eyes

small, flat, and inconspicuous; they are yellowish in colour

(fig. 4).

Stigmata comma-shaped.

Rostrum.—Porose areas well-defined and oval in shape;

they are separated from one another by an interval which is

about equal to their diameter. Hypostome with three files of

teeth on each side.

Legs short. Coxa of first leg with two short spurs; cox

of legs 2-4 each with a single very short spur. ‘Tarsus of

fourth leg stouter and not so gradually narrowed as that of

the male.

Colour brownish, the hairs of the body drab-coloured.

Chitin of scutum dark brown, but covered with a thin layer

of pale enamel.

Measurements in mm.—Length of body 2°5, its greatest

breadth 2; length of scutum 1°26, its greatest breadth 1°53 ;

length of rostrum *86.

Material—Two males (one of which is the type) and a

female, from a Tropidurus delanonis, captured on Hood Island

(Galapagos).

A large partially distended female, which probably belongs

to this new species, was found on a Tropidurus barrington-

ensis from Barrington Island. It agrees closely with the

female from Hood Island in most respects, but the body and

legs are much paler in colour, the punctures of the scutum

closer together, and its posterior end more rounded off.

Another female, taken on a Conolophus subcristatus from the

Galapagos (exact locality not given), is very similar to that

from Barrington Island.

Remarks.—We have much pleasure in dedicating the new

species described above to Mr. G, A. Boulenger. It is owing

to his kindness that we have been enabled to examine most of

the species which are described in this paper.

304 Mr. S. and Dr. L. F. Hirst on

In the British Museum collection there is a large distended

female tick from the Lake of Chaleo, near Mexico, which

has been determined by Prof. Neumann as Amblyomma

pilosum, Nn. (originally deseribed from the Galapagos). It

differs from the female of A. bou/engeri in having the seutum

triangular in shape and much rougher, the panctures being

larger and closer together. Moreover, the stigmata are some-

what different in shape.

Amblyomma nitidum, sp. n.

d.—Scutum longer than broad and oval in shape; its

surface smooth, shining, and furnished with numerous very

minute punctures, those which are placed near to the lateral

margins being a little larger than those in the middle.

Cervical grooves normal in appearance, the superficial poste-

rior part short. Postero-median groove represented by a

faint dark line. Postero-lateral grooves present, but ill-

defined. Marginal grooves represented by very ill-defined

and superficial depressions, which come to an end in front of

tle anteriormost festoon. Eyes minute and almost invisible

(fig. 5).

Fig. 5.—Amblyomma nitidum, 3. Dorsal view, x 9.

Fig. 6.— ” ” 2. ” ” x 8.

_ Ventral surface much furrowed and pitted, especially poste-

riorly, Stigmata very broad and roughly triangular in shape.

tostrum of moderate length, the base finely punctured

ore Hypostome armed with four files of teeth on each

81de,

new Species of Ticks. 305

Legs.—Coxa of first leg armed with two very short spurs,

cox of the other legs each with a single very short spur, that

of the fourth being a little longer than those of the second or

third. ‘Tarsus of fourth not very abruptly narrowed.

Colour deep brown both above and below, the legs pale

brown.

Measurements in mm.—Length of scutum 41, its greatest

breadth 3°5; length of rostrum 1°08.

9 .— Body oval in shape.

Seutum roughly triangular in shape, but the sides are

slightly incurved at the points at which the cervical grooves

reach them, and this causes a slight trilobation, Posterior

angle obtuse. Punctures numerous, those in the central area

(marked off by the cervical grooves) being a little smaller

than those of the sides, Cervical grooves well-defined and

reaching the postero-lateral border. Eyes very inconspicuous

(fig. 6).

Stigmata broad and shaped rather like a human ear.

Rostrum fairly long; the porose areas oval and of rather

large size. Hypostome with four files of teeth on each side.

Legs.—Spurs of the cox of the legs very weak; in

number they are the same as in the male. Tarsus of fourth

leg very similar to that of the male.

Colour.—Body brownish, scutum deep brown, legs pale

brown.

Measurements *r mm.—Length of body 5°2, its greatest

breadth 4; length of scutum 1°45, its greatest breadth 2-V3.

Material—A male and a female collected on a sea-snake

in the Solomon Islands by Staff-Surgeon Vidal Sharpe, R.N.

Amblyomma (Aponomma ?) neglectum, sp. n.

3 .—Scutum a little longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly,

and oval in shape; its surface smooth and shining, but

slightly depressed and uneven towards the sides in the ante-

rior half. Punctures very numerous, especially in the poste-

rior half and towards the margins, some of those which are

situated close to the margins being of larger size than the

others ; in the middle of the anterior part of the surface the

punctures are minute and fewerin number, Cervical grooves

very short and shaped like an inyerted comma. Marginal

grooves absent. Postero-median groove represented by a

dark unpunctured line. Postero-lateral grooves in the form

of slight oval depressions, TF estoons shoit and not very

distinct. Kyes apparently absent (fig. 7).

Ventral surface twnished with numerous distinct punctures,

306 Mr. 8S. and Dr. L. F. Hirst on

Stigmata comma-shaped.

Rostrum fairly long, the base sparsely punctured above.

[Hypostome broken. ]

Legs.—Coxa of first leg armed with two short spurs ;

coxe of legs 2-4 each with a single short spur, that of the

fourth being the longest. ‘Tarsus of fourth leg stout and

furnished with a dorsal hump, sloping rather steeply to the

narrowed apex; ventral surface of the tarsus with two spurs,

the apical one being well-developed.

Colour.—Ground-colour of scutum deep mahogany-brown.

A minute spot of metallic green is present on each of the

scapule, and a fairly large median spot of the same colour

is also present at about a quarter of the length of the scutum

from the anterior emargination.

Measurements in mm.—Length of scutum 3-3, its greatest

breadth 3:2; length of rostrum 1°11.

? .—Scutum wider than long and heart-shaped. Punctures

numerous and mostly fairly deep, but those in the posterior

angle are superficial. Cervical grooves rather large and

comma-shaped; they are continued posteriorly by shallow

and ill-defined depressions. Eyes pale, flat, and incon-

spicuous (fig. 8).

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8.— ” ” ” 9. ” ” x 9.

Ventral surface smooth; the punctures and hairs are

minute and inconspicuous.

Stigmata small and comma-shaped.

Rostrum.—Porose areas large, oval, and separated from

one another by an interval -which is greater than their

diameter. [Hypostome broken.]

Legs —Coxa of first leg with two very short spurs; coxe

new Species of Ticks. 307

of legs 2-4 each with a single short spur, that of the fourth

being slightly the longest. ‘Tarsus of fourth leg closely

resembling that of the male.

Colour.—Body brownish. Scutum deep brown and with a

large metallic spot at a short distance from the posterior

angle. ‘I'races of metallic coloration are also present on thie

scapulz (?).

Measurements in mm.—Length of body 4, its greatest

breadth 3°8 ; length of scutum 1°78, its greatest breadth 2°24.

Material.—A male and a female from Varanus albigularis,

Deelfontein, Cape Colony, collected by Colonel Sloggett.

Amblyomma (Aponomma) tenimberense, sp. n.

3 .—Scutum longer than wide and roughly oval in shape,

but slightly truncate posteriorly; its surface smooth and

furnished with numerous punctures, which are superficial

and unequal in size. Cervical grooves shallow, very short,

and slightly curved. Marginal grooves are not present.

Eyes absent (fig. 9).

Amblyomma (Aponomma) tenimberense, g. Dorsal view, x 10.

Ventral surface punctured and slightly wrinkled posteriorly,

Stigmata comma-shaped.

Rostrum long, the dorsal surface of the base furnished with

avery slight median (longitudinal) keel. Hypostome furnished

with three files of teeth on each side,

Legs.—Coxa of first leg armed with two spurs, the inner

of them being smaller than the outer. Coxe of the three

posterior legs armed each with a single stout conical spur.

Tarsus of fourth leg progressively attenuate and without any

dorsal protuberance.

Colour of seutum dark brown. An iridescent greenish

308 Mr. O. Thomas on

Spot is present on the scapula, and a continuous marginal

band of the same colour runs down either side, reaching the

posterior end of the scutum. Additional traces of metallic

green are present in the middle of the posterior margin (and

it is possible that they are connected with the lateral bands

in perfect specimens). Ventral surface a dirty yellowish-

white. ;

Measurements in mm.—Length of scutum 2°75, its greatest

breadth 2°4; length of rostrum 1°26.

Material—A single example of the male sex from Varanus

indicus, 'Vimor-Laut.

Remarks.—This species is closely allied to A. gervaisit,

Lucas, from which it chiefly differs in the shape of the tarsus

of the fourth leg and in the shape of the scutum,

XXXVI.—List of Mammals from Mount Kilimanjaro, obtained

ly Mr, Robin Kemp, and presented to the British Museum

by Mr. C. D. Rudd. By OuprieLp THomas, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

By the generous assistance of Mr. C. D. Rudd, whose zoolo-

gical exploration of S. Africa is known to all mammalogists,

a collector—Mr. Robin Kemp—has been employed for the

past year in obtaining small mammals in British Kast Africa

tor the benefit of the National Museum. A considerable

number of new species have been obtained, and these have

been described on arrival in successive numbers of the

* Annals.’

Mr. Kemp has recently sent a collection from Mount

Kilimanjaro, and it is thought that a complete list of them

may in this case prove of utility to other workers on African

mammals.

The collection was obtained at two localities—'T'aveta, alt.

2500', at the foot of the mountain, on the British East

African side; and Rombo, a mission station on the German

side of the frontier, at an altitude on the mountain of about

6000’. Mr. Kemp was much indebted to the missionaries at

Rombo for help and hospitality.

In nearly all cases the species obtained at the two places

prove to be different, those from Rombo being Kilimanjaro

mountain forms, while those from ‘laveta belong to the hot

country and desert fauna which stretches northwards through

Voi and Kitui to the region north-east of Mount Kenya,

Mammals from Mount Kilimanjaro. 309

1. LRhinolophus deckeni, Peters.

Gd. 1157; 9. 1153, 1154, 1155, 1156. Rombo.

2. Rhinolophus fumigatus evsu/, K. And.

9.1072. Taveta.

3. Rhinolophus lobatus, Peters.

. 1048, 1049; 2. 1022, 1046, 1047, 1050. = ‘Taveta.

. 1110. Marangu, 4000!

. 1203. Rombo.

+0 OF OY

4. Hipposiderus caffer, Sund.

3. 1056, 1058, 1059; 9%. 1054, 1055, 1057.

5. Lavia frons, Geoff.

3d. 1068; 2. 1067, 1098. ‘Taveta.

6. Petalia thebaica, Geoff.

3. 1015, 1021, 1026, 1027, 1063; 2. 1025; ‘Taveta.

7. Cherephon angolensis, Pet.

3d. 1086. Taveta.

8. Cherephon pumilus, Cretzsclim.

3. 1089; ¢. 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1090,

‘Taveta.

9. Erinaceus hindei, Thos.

d- 1111, 1112, 1120, 1132, 1139, 1141, 1150, 1158, 1160,

1165, 1179; 2. 1121, 1134, 1138, 1140, 1143, 1148, 1149,

1159, 1173. Rombo.

Described from Kitui, British E. Africa. These specimens

agree with the type in the markedly greater size of the skull

as compared with the Soudanese L. albiventris.

10. Petrodromus sultan, Thos.

gd. 1020. ‘Taveta.

| 11. Elephantulus dundast, Dollm,

3. 1036, 1041, 1076, 1077; 2. 1016, 1061, 1066, 1078.

Taveta.

310 Mr. O. Thomas on

I can find no difference between this series and the four

examples in the Museum from Baringo, so that the species is

evidently widely distributed through British East Africa,

It is nearly allied to B. pulcher from Usambiro.,

The species from the Athi plains which I described as

Macrosce/ides delameret proves to be a member of the restricted

genus Jasilio.

12. Crocidura mona, sp. n.

3. 1164, 1176, 1178, 1185, 1201; ¢. 1161, 1177, 1183.

Rombo,

Size large, colour dark, tail nearly without bristles.

Size about as in C, turba, or rather larger. Fur thick,

close and woolly ; hairs on back 4°5-5°0 mm. in length.

General colour dark slaty, very much as in turba and fumosa,

scarcely lighter below. Lars, hands, feet, and tail uniform

dark brown. ‘Tail longer than usual, slender, practically

without longer bristles, a few scattered ones present on the

basal third—in this respect like C. maurisca.

Skull rather broader and flatter than in C. turba.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 88 mm.; tail 66; hind foot 16-2; ear 10.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 24:3; basal length 20°8 ;

greatest breadth 10°8; upper tooth-series 10°9; breadth

between outer corners of m? 7:2.

Type. Old female. -B.M. no. 10. 7. 2. 58. Original num-

ber 1161. Collected 11th June, 1910.

The tail varies in length from 60 to 72 mm.

This species is at once distinguishable by its almost bristle-

less tail, the only other East-African shrew agreeing with it

in this respect, C. maurisca, being very much smaller.

C. turba, the most like it in other ways, has its tail unusually

well covered with bristles. C. fumosais smaller and also has

a bristly tail. All other East-African species are wholly

different either in colour or proportions.

13. Crocidura sp.

gd. 1028. Taveta.

14, Crocidura sp.

3. 1033; 2. 1024, 1034. Taveta.

1 cannot determine these shrews satisfactorily at present.

Perhaps the larger one may prove to be referable to C. velu-

tina, Vhos., though it is a little smaller and longer-tailed than

Mammals from Mount Kilimanjaro. all

the type, while the smaller species may be C. gracilipes,

Peters. C. hildegardee is another member of the same group,

bat is smaller than either.

15. Paraxerus aruscensts, Pag.

d. 1037, 13864; ¢. 1099, 1100. Taveta.

gd. 1174. Rombo.

Type locality in German E, Africa just south-west of

Kilimanjaro.

16. Otomys angoniensis elassodon, Osg.

S. 1113, 1123, 1152, 1166, 1167, 1175, 1187, 1193, 1194,

1202; 9. 1114, 1117, 1126, 1137, 1144, 1146, 1147, 1162,

1163. Rombo.

These specimens may be provisionally referred to the East-

African race described by Mr. Osgood under the above name.

17, Otomys divinorum, sp. n.

9.1151. Rombo, 5300’.

A member of the trroratus group, with broad nasals and

seven lamine in m’,

Colour quite different from that of the previous species,

the whole back being of a uniform dark cinnamon-brown

instead of the coarsely lined and more buffy colour of the

common form. Dark rings to the hairs scarcely apparent,

brown, not black; lightringscinnamon. Basal four-fifths of

the hairs of a rather paler shade of grey than in angoniensis.

‘Tail shorter than in average specimens of that animal.

Skull with a markedly broader interorbital space than in

other forms, the supraorbital beads almost obsolete for their

anterior half, where they are so strong and well defined in

angcniensis. Posteriorly they are well developed and strongly

and angularly divergent over the front part of the brain-case,

from which point they again evenly converge backward. In

angoniensis they form an even oval outline, a_postorbital

angle being but rarely indicated. Nasals very broad ante-

riorly, the transition to the narrower part marked by a more

distinct angie than in the previous species.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 173 mm.; tail 80; hind foot 26-3; ear 22.

Skull: greatest length 39; basilar length 31:7; zygo-

matic breadth 20°3; nasals 17°6 x 9; interorbital breadth 5:4;

breadth between postorbital angles 13°1 ; height from supra-

312 Mr. O. Thomas on

orbital edge to alveolus behind m? 12°8; palatal foramen 7:4 ;

upper molar series (crowns) 8°43; breadth of m* 2°2.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no, 19. 7. 2. 84. Original

number 1151. Collected 10th June, 1910.

The series of O. angontensis obtained by Mr. Kemp on

Kilimanjaro is remarkably uniform, and as this specimen

differs from all of them, both in colour and skull-characters,

it should apparently receive a special name.

18. Tatera nigricauda, Peters.

3. 1039, 1040, 1096; 2. 1051, 1070. Taveta.

19. Tatera mombase, Wrought.

gd. 1035; 2. 1018, 1029, 1091.

Very closely allied to Z. vicina, Pet.

20. Taterillus osgoodi, Wrought.

9.1101. Taveta.

21. Epimys rattus, L.

gd. 1052; @. 1032. Taveta.

22. Epimys sp.

3. 1030. ‘Taveta.

23. Epimys sp.

gd. 1168, 1172, 1186; ¢. 1184, 1192. Rombo.

‘These two species are members of the coucha-hildebrandti

group, but cannot be satisfactorily identified at present.

24. Leggada triton murilla, Thos.

g. 1191, 1199, 1200. Rombo.

25. Leggada tenella suahelica, subsp. n.

9.1092. Taveta.

A darker form of the desert L. tenella of the Blue Nile.

Essential characters as in true tenella, including the presence

of a darker median area running down head and back, white

patches at bases of ears, general proportions, and the peculiar

palate and zygoma-root. Body-colour, however, much

duller and darker, the sides dull clay-colour and the dark

dorsal area broader, especially above the shoulders. Face

Pam. o>

Mammals fram Mount Kilimanjaro. 313

brighter buffy, almost as in tenel/a. Outer side of hind limbs

dull greyish to ankles. Whole of under surface, hands, and

feet pure white to the roots of the hairs. Kars blackish

brown, the fine hairs on the metentote whitish. Tail dark

brown above, whitish below.

Skull apparently as in true tenella, but owing to that of

the type being imperfect in parts, this cannot be stated as to

every detail.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 53 mm. ; tail 33; hind foot 11; ear LO.

Skull: greatest length (c.) 16°6; palatal length 9°6 ; length

of upper molar series 3.

Type. Young adult female. B.M. no. 10.7. 2.106. Origi-

nal number 1092. Collected 24th May, 1910.

This belongs to quite a different type of Leggada from the

ordinary E.-African ZL. bella and its allies, its elongated

palate and other characters approximating it alone to L. te-

nella, of which it forms a local representative.

26. Arvicanthis neumanni, Matsch.

3. 1044, 1095, 1102; ?. 1042, 1043, 1093, 1094, L103.

‘Taveta.

Type locality Lrangi, German E. Africa, about 150 miles

S.W. of Taveta.

27. Arvicanthis pumilio diminutus, Thos.

g. 1189. Rombo.

28. Arvicanthis barbarus convictus, Osg.

?. 1060. Taveta.

Quite agreeing with a topotype from Voi obtained by

Mr. Kemp on April 29th.

29. Arvicunthis pulchellus ardens, subsp. n.

do. 1118, 1119, 1170, 1171, 1182, 1188, 1198; ¢. 11135,

1116, 1190. Rombo.

Similar in all essential characters to the ordinary E,-African

striped rat (A. p. massaicus, Pag. ; type locality Naivasha),

but the colour warmer throughout. The whitish or cream-

buff stripes and spots more strongly buffy and the ground.

colour browner, not the distinct greyish of massatcus, in

which also the fore-back is clearer grey than the posterior.

Hind feet much more strongly buffy, ranging from clay-

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 21

314 Mr. O. Thomas on

colour to ochraceous buff, while in massaicus they are buff or

cream buff.

Other characters as in massatcus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 119mm.; tail 123; hind foot 27; ear 17,

Skull: greatest length 30°7 ; zygomatic breadth 14°6 ;

length of upper tooth-row 5.

Hab, Rombo, Kilimanjaro, 5000-6000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 10.7.2.119. Original num-

ber 1188. Collected 18th June, 1910, by R. Kemp. Pre-

sented by C. D. Rudd, Esq.

Striped rats of the present group from various localities in

E. Africa, including Mt. Elgon, Mt. Ruwenzori, and Machakos,

all agree closely with each other in their general greyish

coloration and pale buffy feet, while the series from Rombo

are on the average much more warmly coloured, with brown

ground-colour, buffy stripes, and strongly buffy feet. As the

former undoubtedly represent massaicus, which was described

from Naivasha, the Kilimanjaro race needs a new subspecific

name.

Just as the forms with continuous stripes may be looked

upon as subspecies of A. barbarus, so those with interrupted

and dotted lines may be considered subspecies of the W.-

African A. pulchellus, Gray.

30. Thamnomys surdaster, Thos. & Wr.

9.1045. Taveta.

3S. 1133; 2. 1181, 1195. Rombo.

‘lhese specimens agree in colour with the true Nyasa

surdaster rather than with the more grey-headed E.-African

form named by Mr. Osgood 7’. s. polionops.

The Taveta specimen differs from the Rombo set in certain

details, but how far these are of importance can only be

settled by the study of further material.

31. Acomys wilsont, Thos,

6. 1062, 1104; 2. 1023, 1097, 1105. Taveta,

Also obtained at Voi in company with the newly described

A. ignitus, Dollm,

32. Tachyoryctes demon, Thos.

3.1109. Maranga, Kilimanjaro, 4000’.

3. 1125, 1127, 1135, 1136, 1169; 9. 1122, 1124, 1128,

1129, 1130, 1131, 1142, 1145, 1180. Rombo.

—

Mammals from Mount Kilimanjaro. 315

So far as this series is concerned, the interesting point

comes out that the eight females (excluding one wholly

plumbeous) are all prominently and deeply black-headed,

while the six males are without, or almost without, black on

their heads. The variation in the colour of the head has

been noticed before in Tuchyoryctes, but its correlation with

sex has not previously been observed. The females also

average rather blacker on the back, and the one plumbeous

individual is of the same sex.

33. LHeliophobius spalax, sp. n.

gd. 1069, 1071, 1074, 1079; ¢?. 1019, 1031, 1038, 1053,

1065, 1073, 1075, 1080, 1081, 1106, 1108. ‘l’aveta.

Allied to HH. emin?, but with a different structure of the

palate.

Size, colour, and other external characters as in H. emini.

No white frontal spot in any specimen.

Skull most readily distinguishable by the fact that the

opening of the posterior nares is narrowed to a mere cleft,

which penetrates to close behind the level of the molars, the

whole mesopterygoid fossa being consequently much longer

than in the allied species. The bone itself at and around the

palation is thin, delicate, and perforated by foramina, very

different to the strongly and firmly cemented closing in of the

fossa in emini and the closely allied kapit?. In adult speci-

mens representing emint and kapitt the mesopterygoid fossa

measures 6°5 and 6°3 mm. respectively to the tip of the

hamulars—in the present form about 8 mm.

Of other cranial characters, it may be noted that the nasals

are more strongly broadened posteriorly, the broadest point

being marked by a fairly sharply defined angle about 4 mm.

from their posterior end. The postorbital processes are rather

less salient. Sagittal crest more strongly developed.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :-—

Head and body 186 mm.; tail 14°5; hind foot 33.

Skull : condylo-basal length 45; greatest breadth 34:4;

nasals 14°6x5°8; interorbital breadth 9°7; breadth across

storbital processes 12°1 ; mastoid breadth 22-2; palatilar

ength 24°2; diastema 15.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 10, 7. 2. 156. Original

number 1081. Collected 20th May, 1910, by R. Kemp.

Presented by C. D. Rudd, Esq.

The fact that this mole-rat is different from the 7. emind of

German E. Africa and H. kapiti of Central British East

Africa comes as rather a surprise, for these two forms are $0

316 Mr. L. B. Prout on

closely allied as to be most doubtfully separable from each

other. But Taveta is almost exactly halfway between their

respective localities, so that the occurrence of a special form

there would seem to indicate that kapit? may possibly be

really different from emin?. : “ae

No light is thrown by the present series on the identification

of the two forms collected by Speke—H. albifrons and palli-

dus, Gray,—both based on young specimens ; the former with

a large white frontal spot, and the latter of a peculiar pale

and possibly albinistic colour. The structure of their palates

is quite as in emini and kapiti, but their nasals, which are

like each other, differ somewhat in form and extent from

those of the more recently described species.

34. Lepus crawshayi, de Wint.

@. 1017 (young), 1107. Taveta.

XXXVII.—New Neotropical Geometride.

By Louis B. Prout, F.ES.

[Continued from p. 247.]

Cambogia biteniata, sp. n.

gd. 28 mm,—Face and palpus yellow-brown ; vertex and

shaft of antenna snow-white ; head, thorax, and abdomen

dull yellow. Fore wing and hind wing pale lemon-yellow,

with all the markings weak and shadowy ; hind wing with a

broad pearl-grey median and marginal band and a slight

patch at base ; fore wing with the marginal band only, the

median only reaching M’*, the whole of the wing above

being suffused with pearl-grey, except a yellow patch beyond

cell before the marginal grey band; a distinct black cell-

spot in fore wing, none in hind wing; fringes yellow.

Underside altogether duller; the pearl-grey areas replaced

by dull rosy, the median band in both wings nearly obsolete.

Pavas, West Colombia, 4400 feet, March 1908; one @.

Perhaps nearest to C. marcescaria, Guen.

Cambogia borratoides, sp. un.

@. £6 mm.—Differs from C. borrata, Dogn. Ann. Soc.

Ent. Belg. xxxvii. p. 84, in having the dark costal streak of

fore wing narrower and no basal line on hind wing; marked,

on eet atte

feb =

new Neotropical Geometridae. 317

as in that species, by yellow spots on the costal edge and

crossed by lustrous leaden lines, swollen and incurved in the

dark costal part ; the first line antemedian and straight, the

second postmedian and slightly curved, the other two approxi-

mated to termen, the outer actually along termen above

anal angle; an interrupted, reddish terminal line, not

reaching below middle; fringe, except at apex, yellow.

Hind wing with three curved leaden lines, one median and

two outer; the terminal reddish line entire. Underside

paler; the lines thicker and dull reddish ; costal area of

fore wing dull blackish suffused with reddish. Head and

shoulders black-brown like costal streak ; vertex narrowly

white anteriorly ; antennal shaft ringed black and white ;

thorax and abdomen yellow; legs yellow, the fore leg dark

in front.

Cushi, Peru, 1820 m.; two ¢.

Larger than borrata, Dogn.

Cambogia inviolata, sp. n.

¢. 23-27 mm.—Face deep purple-brown; vertex and

antennal shaft white; head, thorax, and abdomen yellow

flecked with deeper ; the abdomen banded with deeper yellow.

Fore wing with apex prolonged and subacute, termen oblique

and straight, as in (. antiopata, Warr. Nov. Zool. xi. p. 82,

and lilacina, Warr. xi. p. 85, pale yellow suffused with

darker yellow, and with darker yellow, sometimes faintly

purplish-tinged, oblique wavy lines, but with no conspicuous

purple bands or suffusion as in the species above-named ;

four lines before the cell-spot, which is minute but black and

prominent, and seven beyond it; of the seven the inner-

most is strongest and the remaining six run in pairs, the last

two being farthest apart ; a wavy terminal line runs only to

R* ; termen and fringe clearer yellow than the rest of the

wing. Hind wing with basal half, especially towards costa,

pale; with similar waved lines, in some cases confluent

along the veins; no cell-spot. Underside paler, the suffu-

sion more purplish and confined to the fore wing, the lines

on fore wing indicated rather than marked.

Agualani, Carabaya, Peru, 9000 feet, December 1905

(wet season), three ¢ in Coll. L. B Prout; others seen.

Belongs, Mr. Warren tells me, to the group of sudtectata,

Walk., which I have not been able to compare.

Cambogia concatenata, sp. n.

@. 20 mm.—Face and palpus purplish brown above,

318 Mr. L. B. Prout on

yellow below; vertex and occiput yellow, a narrow brown

band between; shoulders brown ; thorax and abdomen

yellow, the latter ringed with brown. Fore wing lemon-

yellow ; the lines purplish brown ; two pairs near base before

the discal spot, both angled outwards on M and SM?, the

outer pair toothed on M7’, both interrupted below costa,

which is more thickly marked with purplish; an outer band

of three lines, the innermost of which is thick and blotched,

but not dentate, the outer two lunulate-dentate, the teeth

pointing basewards and connecting the lines, the three

forming a blotch at costa with two yellow spots on its edge ;

submarginal line double, also lunulate-dentate, the inner

one the thicker, with prominent teeth nearly reaching the

postmedian band, also blotched on costa, the blotches con-

nected laterally ; an irregularly thickened, uninterrupted

terminal line ; fringe yellow, chequered with purple-brown

at apex, middle, and anal angle, and less conspicuously

beyond the other veins. Hind wing angled at R*; three

lines at base, followed by a yellow interspace as in fore wing ;

the innermost line of the outer three (which are here median)

nearly straight and thick, the other two less concise, lunu-

late-dentate.; submarginal lines broken up into series of

lunules and striz reaching the termen, the veins purple-

dotted ; terminal line much blotched at apex ; fringe yellow.

Underside like upper, but much paler.

El Congo, Colombia, June 1907; one ¢.

Very closely resembling C. funiculata, Warr. Nov. Zool.

xi. p. 84, distinguished by its paler yellow ground-colour,

and in the g by the perfectly pectinated antenna, that of

funiculata being rather long-ciliated. Apparently akin also

to C. reticulata, Schaus, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 265.

Orthonama vittistrigata (Staud., ined.), sp. n.

3. 32 mm.—Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous

varied with brown. Fore wing pale ochreous, crossed by

numerous oblique brown lines; basal patch edged by a

thick brown line from one-fourth of costa to one-sixth of

inner margin, and traversed by two fine lines; inner edge of

central fascia formed also by a thick brown line, from before

middle of costa to one-third of inner margin ; the pale band

preceding it traversed by three brown lines, of which the

central oue is the strongest ; outer edge of fascia marked by

a brown Junulate-dentate line, the teeth facing inwards; the

fascia is traversed by several fine brown lines and contains

a small dark cell-spot; the fascia is followed by a pale band

owe

new Neotropical Geometrida. 319

traversed by a brown thread-like line marked with black

dashes on the veins ; terminal area slightly darker, traversed

by three brown lines, of which the middle one forms lunu-

late spots in the intervals, and all three interrupted by a

pale apical streak; terminal line dark, interrupted at the

veins. Hind wing with the lines most distinct on the inner

margin, except the outer line and terminal area, which are

distinct throughout. Underside of fore wing blurred and

of hind wing dusted with grey-brown; the cell spots and

the three outer lines of the central fascia alone distinct.

Porto Alegre, Brazil; one 2.

Belongs to the same section as elongata, Dogn. Ann. Soc.

Ent. Belg. xlviii. p. 360, &c., the g antenna minutely

ciliated, nearly simple (Cenocalpe, Warr., nec Hiib.). In

the hind wing R? arises somewhat above the middle. Except-

ing the postmedian, all the lines of the fore wing are nearly

straight; in most of the known species the antemedian is

curved or angled beneath costa. The type specimen is not

in good condition, but the course of the markings will

render it very easy of recognition. My specimen is labelled

(1 think in the handwriting of Mabilde) Phybalopteryx (sic)

vittistrigatu, which seems to be a trade name of Staudinger’s.

Orthonama roseimedia, sp. 0.

¢. 26-28 mm.—Nearly related to O. ignifera, Warr.

Noy. Zool. xii. p. 330 (Cawnocalpe), of the same shape and

general aspect, but differing as follows :—Median area

narrower and strongly suffused with rose-pink, which is

slightly purple-tinged on the darker part of the wing; post-

median line strongly crenulate; the reddish costal shade

narrower, extending scarcely beyond R', bounded by a

diffuse blackish shade which joins the black subapical dash ;

the white spot in subterminal between R’ and M' very small ;

hind wing more sharply marked, the postmedian line crenu-

late ; underside more sharply marked, on fore wing with

two conspicuous dark bars across the cell, which is otherwise

rather bright red, and with the subterminal white spots

larger than in ignifera, except that between R* and M’,

which is smaller.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer) ; two 3 2.

Orthonama vinosata, sp. n.

é. 28 mm.—Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish fuscous ;

basal segments of abdomen dorsally brick-red. Fore wing

320 Mr. L. B. Prout on

lavender-grey, the bands limiting the central fascia and an

elongate-triangular costal patch before apex chestnut-brown;

the basal patch more reddish, and followed by a narrow

band of still brighter brick-red ; the pale bands on each side

of central fascia very narrow, with a slender dark line down

each; outer edge of fascia protuberant on R! and R’,

indented on M? and SM?; subterminal line undefined except

on the subapical patch, but followed between R* and M!'

by a wedge-shaped dark mark, with its pointed end outwards;

a fine dark terminal line interrupted at the ves ; fringe

grey, the basal half darker than the apical; a dark cell-

spot. Hind wing with waved inner, three waved median,

and three submarginal lines darker grey, mostly blurred

except at inner margin, the submarginal ones especially so.

Underside pale grey, the inner-marginal half of fore wing

blurred dark grey ; both wings suffused, especially in costal

half, with vinous; the lines fuscous ; cell-spots black.

Limbani, Carabaya, Peru, 9500 feet, May 1904 (G. Ocken-

den); one ¢.

Reminds of a large and brightly-coloured O. corteza

(Dogn.) *, with which it agrees in shape and structure, but

distinguished, inter alia, by the subapical patch of fore

wing, the otherwise pale outer area, with distinct dark

wedge-spot, and by the much more uniformly coloured hind

wing, that of corteza being white except at inner margin

and termen.

Euphyia albimedia, sp. n.

3. 35 mm.—Face reddish ochreous, mixed with white

and fuscous, a small frontal tuft; palpus similarly coloured,

quite moderate, strongly rough-scaled; antenna lamellate,

minutely ciliated ; collar whitish ; thorax as face; abdomen

slightly paler. Legs pale ochreous, without special modifi-

cations ; fore leg dark anteriorly. Fore wing ample, costa

arched, apex rather acute, termen moderately oblique.

Wings smooth-scaled ; pale sandy ochreous, much mixed

with white, except between postmedian and subterminal,

and slightly dusted with fuscous, more strongly at costa

from base to antemedian ; a fuscous mark close to base,

followed by an ochreous shade ; three reddish-brown bars or

narrow bands, more or Jess margined with fuscous ; the

first subbasal, weakly angled in cell; the second antemedian,

from before one-third costa to two-fifths imner margin,

* Thibalapteryx corteza, Nogn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xl. p. 146=

Cenocalpe nitida, Warr. Noy. Zool. xii. p. 330 (nov. syn.).

new Neotropical Geometridx. 321

irregular, projecting two teeth distad above M and below M",

somewhat incurved on submedian fold and outbent at SM?;

the third postmedian, broader, its outer edge (the true

‘postmedian line’’) from two-thirds costa to about four-

fifths termen, somewhat oblique outwards to M’', with slight

projections before and behind R*® and M’, incurved to M?’,

then nearly direct to inner margin, slightly outcurved on

either side of SM?; median space from SC to inner margin

white, faintly dusted and containing a very small blackish

_ cell-mark ; postmedian followed by a very slender white

line; subterminal line pale, lunulate-dentate, not very

distinct ; terminal line dark fuscous, much interrupted,

forming irregular pairs of spots, separated by ochreous vein-

ends. Hind wing not very broad, apex very slightly pro-

duced, termen faintly waved ; pale sandy ochreous, somewhat

greyer from base to postmedian ; postmedian as in fore wing,

but much more indistinct, almost merging into the ground-

colour proximally ; terminal line as in fore wing. Under-

side without the ochreous colour, the markings somewhat

blurred, greyish fuscous; fore wing with basal area suffused

as far as antemedian ; postmedian followed by a white band,

to which succeeds a fuscous submarginal band in anterior

half of wing, becoming a mere line in posterior half; hind

wing similar, but with no basal suffusion; a small but dis-

tinct discal dot, which is not observable on upperside.

Alfalfar, Chili, December 1888 (V. Izquierdo) ; one 2.

The exact relationship of this species is unascertained,

but it certainly belongs in a general sense to Euphyia (type,

picata, Hiib.). The antennal ciliation is even shorter than

in the type species, the palpus perhaps slightly shorter, but

most points of structure agree perfectly.

WaRRENIA, gen. nov.

(Brachymeria, Warr. MS., nec Westw. 1842.)

Face rounded, apparently without tuft *. Palpus very short,

porrect. Antenna in ¢ lamellate, with fine pubescence,

nearly simple. Fore wing with cell less than one-half (in

the type species scarcely two-fifths), areole double, both

ample, SC® from well before apex of areole. Hind wing with

cell short (about one-third), discocellulars straight and

oblique, R* from centre.

Type of the genus: Warrenia sphyrophora, sp. n.

An offshoot of Anapalta, distinguished by the shorter cells

* Unfortunately the face-scales seem very liable to abrasion, though I

have studied specimens otherwise perfect.

322 Mr. L. B. Prout on

and palpus. It was proposed by Mr. Warren, in Uilt., as

Brachymeria (nom. preeoce.) for flavilucens, Warr. Nov.

Zool. xii. p. 8327 (Anapalta), but as I have drawn up the

characterization from sphyrophora, it is necessary to declare

that the type. The genus is well worth adopting, though its

characteristics are less extremely pronounced in costimaculata,

Warr. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 223, and immirta, Dogn. Aun. Soe.

Ent. Belg. liii. p. 228, which should evidently be referred to

it, and there will possibly be found troublesome connecting-

links.

Warrenia sphyrophora, sp. n.

3g. 34 mm.—Face brownish fuscous above, pale ochreous

below; palpus ochreous; head and thorax varied fuscous

and ochreous; abdomen fuscous, pale-ringed between the

segments. Fore wing pale ochreous, much suffused with

- brownish fuscous, which is darkest in the costal area; basal

patch edged by a fine nearly straight pale line, and the inner

edge of central fascia by another less straight (inbent on

SM’), the interval between them with a black mark in cell ;

outer edge of central fascia from one-half costa, deeply

lunulate-dentate below middle; cell-spot large and round,

deep black, beneath it the proximal half of fascia, except

close to proximal edge, is clear pale ochreous; band beyond

fascia pale ochreous, with a slightly marked waved inter-

secting line to middle of wing, below which it is obscured by

the fuscous terminal suffusion; it is followed on costa by a

large triangular dark blotch, edged outwardly by the pale

subterminal line, which is joined by a pale streak from apex,

and marked below middle by dark wedge-shaped marks tipped

with paler; the pale apical streak is preceded by a small

dark triangular costal blotch and has a more diffused dark

blotch on termen below it ; fringe fuscous, with a pale spot

at apex. Hind wing dark fuscous, whitish ochreous to the

postmedian line; postmedian line curved, pale ochreous ;

cell-spot large and dark. Underside of fore wing dark

fuscous, with the band beyond central fascia yellowish from

costa to middle, and an ochreous patch in cell before the

large dark cell-spot ; a large white apical spot: of hind wing

yellowish, with a curved postmedian band and broad terminal

border dark fuscous ; cell-spot large and dark, oval, connected

with base by a dark streak ; termen narrowly whitish from

apex to R'; fringe of both wings brown, at the apex pale

ochreous.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer); one ¢.

iia eemeee ee ee

new Neotropical Geometride. 323

Very close to W. flavilucens, Warr., from Peru, but

differing in the increase of the dark coloration, which leaves

the ochreous band much narrower (this is particularly notice-

able on the underside, where the colours are more sharply

defined), the conspicuous white apical marks beneath, the

equally conspicuous mallet-shaped mark at base of bind wing

beneath, larger cell-spots, and more strongly bent postmedian

band of hind wing. Warren’s type was a ?, but this

differentiation holds also on comparison with a ¢ in Coll.

Brit. Mus.

SMILEUMA, gen. nov.

Face rounded-prominent, apparently not tufted (more or

less abraded in all available specimens). Palpus short

( plagifracta) or rather short (salediza), quite moderately

rough-scaled. Antenna in ¢ lamellate, nearly simple.

Hind tibia with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Fore wing

triangular, apex moderately acute, termen strongly oblique,

as long as inner margin ; cell less than one-half, discocellulars

incurved, oblique below, SC? arising out of SC’, anastomosing

with SC** beyond SC® (further beyond in plagifracta) to

form a broad simple areole; R! connate with SC*®; M'

separate from R*. Hind wing with termen not very strongly

convex, apex therefore slightly but roundly produced ; cell

short, little over one-third, discocellulars not biangulate,

oblique below, SC? rather long-stalked, with R', R* from

middle of DC, M! separate from R*. Scaling very glossy.

Type of the genus: Smileuma salediza, Dogn. Ann, Soc.

Ent. Belg. xxxvii. p. 575 (Cidaria).

Nearly related to the preceding genus, distinguished by

the simple areole. On Meyrick’s tabulations it would fall

into the Palzarctic Plemyria as used by that author (= Ple-

myria + Epirrhoé + Eulype + Trichodezia) and stated by him

to be numerous in South America. It has most in common

with Plemyria, sens. str. (type, bicolorata, Hufn.), and Epir-

rhoé (type, alternata, Miill.,=sociata, Bork.), but they both

have the cell of fore wing normal (one-half), the palpus

stronger, the shape of wings and several details of venation

different ; while some characters which are not usually

regarded as generic—the smooth glossy scaling and the

different type of pattern—probably point to a wider evolu-

tionary divergence.

Smileuma plagifracta, sp. 0.

6. 30-32 mm.—Head, thorax, and abdomen brown-

black, the abdomen somewhat paler, with pale segmental

321k Mr. L. B. Prout on

rings dorsally ; occiput and collar light brown. Fore wing

light brown with the markings glossy brown-black, namely :

a basal patch, a triangular central fascia, a large irregularly

rounded costal blotch before apex and a small patch at apex,

also a band, interrupted at M and SM?, between the basal

patch and central fascia and four irregular submarginal

marks in the interspaces between R? and M? and from M? to

inner margin; all the dark markings finely edged with pale

yellowish ; a fine fuscous-brown terminal line edged as finely

with yellow; fringe brown. Hind wing glossy brown-grey,

with a postmedian pale, dark-edged line projecting strongly

below middle, the terminal area beyond it dark smoky grey

with weak traces of a pale lunulate-dentate subterminal line.

Underside glossy fuscous, the przeapical costal blotch of fore

wing brown-black, preceded by an oblique pale yellow streak

to middle of wing, and finely pale-edged externally ; hind

wing with the outer line whitish, and a whitish mark at

tornus.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer); two gC.

This species bears some superficial resemblance to

“ Cidaria” bogotata, Walk. List Lep. Ins. xxv. p. 1395, but

is quite distinct structurally, that species having a double

areole, and biaugulate discocellulars in the hind wing.

Hammaptera sciera, sp. 0.

¢. 32 mm.—Antenna scarcely ciliated. Head and

thorax olive-green (somewhat discoloured). Abdomen grey,

ventrally paler and more ochreous, dorsally with paired

series of blackish marks, more or less confluent into short

transverse bands. Fore wing green, tinged with olive, the

markings brownish fuscous, namely: an ill-defined band

close to base, marked with a distinct black spot on inner

margin ; some indistinct dark shading midway between this

band and the median, but not reaching to inner margin ;

antemedian line (forming proximal edge of median band)

from one-third of costa to one-third of inner margin, sub-

dentate, starting vertically from costa, then curved and

somewhat oblique basewards; postmedian (distal edge of

median band) dark fuscous, from just before two-thirds

costa to just beyond two-thirds inner margin, lunulate-

dentate and forming a double projection between R? and M? ;

a median band containing some less distinct lines, and dark-

shaded, leaving the centre, except on submedian fold, of the

green ground-colour; cell-spot elongate; marginal area

ee eel hae

Me Po

new Neotropical Geometride. $25

somewhat darker green, with pale lunulate-dentate sub-

terminal, which is filled in proximally with fuscous shading

between the radials and between M! and inner margin ;

three dark dashes from costa, one on either side of the sub-

terminal and ove at the proximal edge of the marginal darker

green area; terminal line composed of heavy black spots on

either side of the veins, connected with black spots in the

fuscous-grey fringe. Hind wing fuscous, somewhat lighter

towards costa, terminal line less distinct than in fore wing,

fringe paler grey. Underside very pale ochreous with the

markings fuscous ; fore wing with the beginning of a band

from costa at one-fifth, a dark cell-spot, a postmedian band

thickened and angled below R’, thence oblique inwards, but

only reaching to M*, an apical cloud reaching to R’, con-

taining a few pale spots near apex, the largest at the apex

itself, further but less distinct clouding below M'; hind

wing beneath with distinct cell-spot and narrow marginal

band, which is a good deal interrupted, especially from R’*

to M', no other markings, excepting two or three indistinct

vein-dots indicating the postmedian.

Pozuzo, E. Peru, October 1906 (wet season) ; one @.

Nearly related to H. heteroptila, Warr. Nov. Zool. viii.

p- 463, from Brazil, for which it has doubtless been passed

over ; larger, fore wing appearing somewhat more elongate,

brighter green, not mixed with reddish, central area narrower,

its inner edge more concave, its outer projecting less between

R*® and M’, hind wing uniform dark grey. I am very

doubtful as to the propriety of retaining this and the two

following species—together with the large group to which

they belong—in Hammaptera. Mr. Warren seems also to

have hesitated, having published some of them as Epirrhoé

(in err. pro Euphyia) and some in Anapalta, but pending

further revision I leave them in what he now considers the

best position.

Hammaptera luxuriata, sp. n.

g . 32-34 mm.—Exceedingly like the most deeply and

richly coloured forms of H. trajectata *, but differing in the

following points, some at least of which will prove constant :

palpus slightly shorter, scarcely reaching beyond frontal

tuft; metathoracic crest apparently more deeply bipartite ;

central fascia typically with more of the vinous and less of the

* Larentia trajectata, Walk. List Lep. Ins, xxiy. p. 1188, = Cidaria

grumata, Feld. Reise Novara, Lep. Het. tab. exxxiii. f. 6 (nov. syn.)

= Cidarta sabrosa, Dogn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxvii. p.577 (nov. syn.) ;

this is sunk in the British Museum Collection as piata, Guen., but Ll

cannot reconcile Guenée’s description.

326 Mr. L. B. Prout on

black scales, not appreciably constricted in middle of wing,

its proximal margin wanting the deep sinus of ¢rajectata;

the white line which follows the postmedian not projecting

a long tooth into central fascia on SC* ; hind wing greyish-

clouded in cell and from inner margin to M' (in the darkest

aberrations of trajectata the grey shading is uniform across

the wing, leaving a postmedian band and subterminal line

white) ; under surface, especially of hind wing, darker, the

postmedian pale band from costa of fore wing broader and

whiter, postmedian line of hind wing nearer to termen

(fully 3 mm. distant in trajectata, only 2 mm. in luzuriata,

at least at the nearest point—below R’).

Torné, Colombia, August 1907; four ¢ 2.

Two of the examples are in most beautiful condition, and

the difference of tone and aspect from trajectata—of which

I also possess very fine material from Ecuador, Peru, and

Bolivia—provoked careful investigation, with the results given

above. Had one only a single example, it might possibly be

passed over as an aberration of the very variable trajectata.

Hammaptera albipennis, sp. n.

g. 34 mm.—Very much resembling H. trajectata, but

somewhat paler; the outer edge of central fascia more

deeply indented beyond cell, and more sharply oblique to

submedian fold ; the pale band beyond it white with a grey

thread, not tinged with green, and broader below middle;

hind wing with the termen, especially at apex, more rounded,

white, with a line of confluent grey spots close before ter- -

men; aslight grey cloud at base; underside of fore wing

with apex white, the pale band beyond the central fascia

brown ; underside of hind wing dark close before termen.

Huancabamha, N.E. Peru; three ¢ ¢.

Walker’s “ Cidaria” extensata, from Bogota, seems to be

also near to this species. His type is not in very good con-

dition, but it shows no trace of the characteristic dark border

to the hind wing.

Perizoma (?) renitens, sp. n.

g. 36 mm.—Head and thorax dark fuscous; abdomen

grey, with pairs of large black spots on hinder edge of dorsal

segments. Fore wing with basal patch blackish brown with

a grey middle band ; interval between it and central fascia

pearly grey with a bluish-white tinge, its centre dull tawny,

wider at costa, its outer white edge broad, projecting into

central fascia between SC and M7’, and traversed by a dark

grey lunulate-dentate line; central fascia margined with

brown bands, the brown becoming velvety black above SC

Wav =

new Neotropical Geometridi. 327

and below SM’, the centre blue-grey ; cell-spot black, ringed

with paler bluish grey ; beyond cell the outer brown band

is marked with a black patch ; band beyond fascia blue-grey,

white at costa, traversed by an inwardly dentate dark line ;

terminal area a mixture of blue-grey, brown, and fuscous,

with a bright brown quadrate subapical patch, and traversed

by two or three inwardly dentate dark lines, the veins dotted

black and pale; subterminal line ill-defined, followed by

black wedge-shaped marks on the interspaces, those below

R° and M’ with a white spot at base; pale dots at the

vein-ends and black lunules between them; fringe fuscous,

proximal half darker than distal. Hind wing fuscous grey

with a bluish tinge ; a dark lunulate-dentate postmedian line,

followed by a grey band before the darker terminal area;

terminal line and fringe as in fore wing. Underside glossy

grey-brown with line and cell-spots darker.

Huancabamba, Cerro del Pasco, E. Peru ; one ¢.

I know of no species with which to compare this. The

palpus is longer than in typical Perizoma, as it occurs in

Europe, and the larger size of the insect, very glossy scaling

and slightly crenulate termen of hind wing cause it to sug-

gest in aspect a Triphosa almost as much as a Perizoma.

Yet the latter genus is at present allowed to contain species

with even longer palpus than renitens—conjunctiva, Warr.,

haasi, Staud. (Cidaria), basiplaga, Schaus (Psaliodes), &e.—

and the last-named is of very nearly the texture of the new

species. The antenna of renitens is nearly simple, the face

with a slight tuft, palpus rough-scaled, DC of hind wing

biangulate, the lower arm moderately produced.

Perizoma (?) apiceflava, sp. n.

¢. 27 mm.—Head and thorax concolorous with fore wing,

shoulders marked with dull yellow; abdomen concolorous

with hind wing; legs blackish, the tarsal joints yellow;

tongue yellow. Fore wing dull blackish; edge of basal

patch nearly vertical, faintly curved outwards ; inner edge

of central fascia bent on SC, then vertical, with a slight

projection on M; the band betweea yellow, filled with con-

fluent fuscous striations, except along the margins, which

show as fine yellowish lines; outer edge of central

fascia bluntly rounded in middle, oblique outwards from

costa and inwards to inner margin, obscure except from

costa to R', where it is followed by a yellowish-buff band,

traversed by black middle line, and connected above R' with

a triangular oblique yellow apical patch, preceded by a

blackish, externally lunulate-edged costal triangle; marginal

line black, interrupted by yellow spots at the vein-ends;

328 Mr. L. B. Prout on

fringe blackish, yellow at extreme apex; cell-spot black.

Hind wing somewhat produced at apex, almost pointed ;

blackish grey, with cloudy dark cell-spot, very obscure pale

curved outer line, and yellow dots on termen, that at apex

running out into the grey fringe. Underside dull blackish,

with the yellow markings restricted, the hind wing powdered

with grey and showing two dark lines, the outer one marked

with whitish on veins ; the terminal yellow dots distinct.

Huancabamba, Cerro del Pasco, E. Peru; one ¢.

Recalls in shape a Psaliodes, but the palpus is only

moderately long, scarcely longer thau that in the preceding

species, with which this seems to agree pretty well in

structure ; face tufted, palpus strongly rough-scaled above

and below; antennal cilia shghtly more apparent than in

renitens, but still minute.

Psaliodes bicolor, sp. 0.

9. 20 mm.—Head and palpus pale flesh-colour, the latter

externally redder ; thorax and dorsum dark grey; venter

and sides pale grey; legs fleshy ochreous, dotted with

darker. Fore wing pale fleshy ochreous dusted with grey

in basal third, dull brick-red dusted also with grey in distal

two-thirds; the dividing-line oblique and slightly waved,

pale ochreous, preceded by another similar line; median

fascia darker red, especially towards its bounding-lines, the

outer, parallel to the inner, being somewhat lunulate-dentate,

but indistinct; incurved below costa and followed by a fine

dark line, also incurved; termnal area narrowly darker;

fringe rather narrow, whitish chequered with grey; cell-spot

black. Hind wing whitish, with slight grey dusting and

faint flush of reddish ; a dark cell-dot and faintly marked

lunulate-dentate postmedian line; a dark smear at anal

angle. Underside of boih wings like upperside of fore wing,

dull brick-red, with some ochreous patches on costa before

apex, beyond postmedian and subterminal lines ; cell-spots

dark, that in hind wing ringed with pale, followed by a pale

zigzag outer line.

San Antonio, W. Colomb‘a, 5800 feet, November 1907

(M. G. Palmer) ; one ¢?.

Nearest to Ps. vulpina, Warr. Nov. Zool. xi. p. 523, from

Peru, which has the whole fore wing brick-red, with inner

outer lines pale, and the hind wing altogether darker. A

3 in coll. Dognin, somewhat worn, from the same locality,

is slightly paler.

Lasiophanes nigranalis, sp. 0.

3g. 26 mm.—Differs from L. rufisticta, Warr. Nov. Zool.

xii. p. 333, in being paler grey, no black streaks between tlie

‘4

new Neotropical Geometride. 329

veins below costa before subterminal line, nor red streaks on

the veins; hind wing pale luteous grey, with only an anal

tuft of shining black hairs, the fringe shining iron-grey ;

underside of both wings pale grey, the fore wing with no

rough scales; the hind wing with all the lines and shades

dark grey and well developed ; ablomen with dark dorsum,

a black belt on basal segments aud black ring before anus,

the tip of which is shining black.

Huancabamba, N.E. Peru, 5000-6000 fect, January 1906 ;

one ¢.

Spargania diversimedia, sp. n.

3. 36 mm.—Face white, shaded with ochreous in middle;

palpus black, white at end of each joint; vertex of head

bright ochreous ; fore femur black above, ochreous whitish

below, fore and middle tibia and tarsus banded black and

ochreous whitish ; thorax bright ochreous anteriorly, varie-

gated in middle, metathoracic tufts ochreous; abdomen

marked as in culdtata, Guen. Fore wing white, the area

beyond basal line strongly clouded with fuscous from less

than one-fourth costa to one-half inner margin, very obliquely

and irregularly bounded distally ; base with the scales very

varied, the effect being of dull olive dusted with bright

ochreous, almost golden ; subbasal line thick, black, sharply

angled in cell, followed by a white line before the dark

clouding ; antemedian line black, starting very obliquely

from a large triangular costal spot at about two-fifths,

crossing the cell-spot (which is large and black, slightly

larger even than in cultata), then very sharply bent base-

wards, and losing itself in the dark cloud; postmedian

blackish, in one specimen less distinct, lunulate-dentate and

somewhat zigzag, commencing from a costal black mark

near to that of the antemedian, oblique outwards to below

R’, thence approximately parallel to termen ; a submarginal

line from an oblique black streak at two-thirds costa, its

course nearly as in cultata, but the lunules between R’ and

M® stronger; the area distally to this line dark clouded,

except between R’* and M?, the apical clouding olive to the

subterminal, darker from thence to termen, streaked and

dusted with bright ochreous, almost golden scales; the

tornal clouding fuscous; subterminal white, dentate, only

distinct from costa to R', where it is distally edged with

black, and towards tornus; terminal line formed as in the

allied species ; fringe white, less pure in apical half, strongly

chequered with fuscous ; in addition to the above markings

there are some faint lunulate grey lines in the white areas,

as in the rest of the genus. Hind wing grey, with traces of

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8, Vol. vi. 22

330 Mr. L. B. Prout on

darker dentate shading for postmedian, and in one specimen

with a dark grey cell-spot; terminal line and fringe as in

the allies. Underside pale grey, the markings as in cultata,

but somewhat weaker.

Huancabamba, N.E. Peru, 5000-6400 feet ; two dd.

Probably a near relative of S. cultata, to which it is very

similar in markings, though its larger size and absence of

definite green colouring make it rather recall lichenea, Ob.

Et. Ent. vi. tab. iii. fig. 6 (Cidaria). It is certainly not a

local race of cultata, of which I have a perfectly typical

example from Huancabamba. Spargania schistacea, Warr.

Noy. Zool. xi. p. 77, is also related, but much darker.

Spargania ruptifascia, sp. 0.

g. 40-42 mm.—Extremely similar to Spargania lichenea,

Ob. (=cenizata, Dogn. Le Nat. 1893, p.28, nov.syn.), differing

as follows: slightly larger; face somewhat more ochreous

(in lichenea it is nearly white), the palpus more minutely

tipped with white; fore wing with the dark line from two-

sevenths costa much less angled in cell, but on the other

hand with a strong indentation on submedian fold which is

wanting in lichenea, median fascia still less clearly defined

than in that species, forming asmall dark patch at costa and

another from inner margin to submedian fold, in the middle

of the wing scarcely indicated except by the zigzag lines

which bound it, the white band beyond the postmedian

rather clearer, broad, the olive shade which follows it broader

than in lichenea, reaching to the subterminal, the costal dark

markings in distal area stronger, subterminal not strongly

toothed basewards on SM’; hind wing more varied, the

inner-marginal area being broadly shaded with grey, the

costal and apical area whiter, cell-spot distinct ; underside of

hind wing with stronger cell-spot and better developed post-

median line.

Huancabamba, N.E. Peru; two ¢ ¢.

The above comparison has been made with four ¢ ¢ of

lichenea from the same locality, and there seems no room to

doubt that the differences are specific, not varietal. In this

form of lichenea the hind wing is white; but I have a speci-

men before me from W. Colombia in which, as in Oberthiir’s

figure, it is uniformly greyish, while it has more of the dark

markings, thus in part forming a transition between the two

Huancabamba species; emphasis therefore should be laid

not on the depth of colouring, but on the palpus and the

course of the lines on the fore wing.

new Neotropical Geometride. 331

Spargania indentata, sp. n.

dé. 44 mm.—Shoulders, tegule, and metathoracic tuft

olive-green ; head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous (? faded

from green) ; abdomen marked with blackish laterally and

before the segmental incisions of dor-um ; venter and legs

greenish ochreous ; anal tufts fulvous beneath. Fore wing

olive-green, the dark shadings greenish black, edged finely

with white; basal patch small with crenulate edge, much

dirker before the white line ; median fascia with wavy inner

edge indented along M, then vertical ; outer edge oblique

outwards, with an indentation on R* anda strong bidentate

projection between R* and M?, then wavy to inner margin

parallel to termen ; costal portion of fascia greener than the

rest ; space between basal patch and the fascia unusually

broad, its centre occupied by a broad curved olive-green belt

with still darker centre ; subterminal line white, interrupted,

forming dark, white-tipped lunular spots between veins, that

in submedian interval double and larger, without white tip,

traversing at costa a deeper olive-green patch which becomes

blackish on each side of the line, and followed beyond cell

by a double black lunule ; terminal black dashes between

the veins, thicker in upper half of wing; fringe pale and

dark green. Hind wing orange-red, along abdominal mar-

gin greenish fuscous, its edge diffuse and curved from upper

end of cell to M’, below which it runs straight to termen ;

dark terminal dashes between the veins; fringe fuscous.

Underside pale green at base, merging into dull fulvous

beyond middle ; outer lines darker followed by a pale

interval ; apex of fore wing and terminal area of hind wing

speckled with dark ; extreme apex of fore wing pale green;

in both wings the cell-spots black.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer) ; one ¢.

Belongs to the group of flavolimbaria, Mssn., Stiibel’s

Reise, tab. ix. f. 6 (genus Hriopygidia, Warr.) ; apparently

nearest to selika, Th.-Mieg, Le Nat. 1895, p. 181 (Ciduria).

Eucymatoge hilaris, sp. n.

gd. 21 mm.—Face varied black and whitish ochreous ;

palpus black, whitish-tipped; thorax and venter pale

ochreous, speckled and marked with black in places; legs

pale ochreous, broadly black banded exteriorly ; abdomen

dorsally bright ferruginous, with some black markings

anteriorly. Antennal cilia nearly as long as diameter of

shaft. Fore wing shining pale ochreous, the costa whiter

332 On new Neotropical Geo netride.

aud with five black blotches, the first four increasing in size

distally, marking the origin of the lines, which below SC

are rust-coloured marked with a few black scales, thicker and

brighter at inner margin, those forming median fascia much

outeurved above middle; cell-spot large and black ; sub-

terminal line whitish, dentate, not distinct except on the

subapical costal blotch; a presubterminal shade inter-

ruptedly black marked, most strongly on the folds; fringe

pale ochreous, chequered with blackish in basal half. Hind

wing whitish, with abdominal margin ochreous; cell-spot

black; the lines faint, except along abdominal margin,

where they are strongly marked with black; termen

ochreous grey beyond an indistinct lunulate-dentate sub-

terminal line. Underside of fore wing blurred grey ; costa

marked with black ; cell-spot black ; underside of bind wing

ochreous with the lines blackish, cell-spot black.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer); one 2.

Eucymatoge sobria, sp. n.

3 2. 24mm.—Like L. costirufaria, Warr. Nov. Zool.

xiv. p. 247, but lighter, silvery grey, with the red-brown

shading nearly obsolete, only appearing quite weakly in

basal area and cell, along costa, and narrowly before sub-

terminal line; cell-spot smaller ; postmedian line somewhat

less thick, more broken into dashes on the veins; sub-

terminal line preceded and sometimes followed by strong

black dashes between the veins, which are very weak or

wanting in costirufaria; a larger, darker subtornal blotch

than in that species. Hind wing less reddish grey than in

costirufaria, the abdominal margin not reddish, the markings

on it black, except the subtornal blotch, which is fuscous

brown, not red-brown. Underside dark grey, not brown-

grey *.

Agualani, Carabaya, Peru, 9000 feet, December 1905

(wet season) ; one ¢ (type), two 2 2.

Mr. Warren suggested to me that this was a form of

“ Tephroclystia”’ analiscripta, Warr. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 248,

but this seems to me absolutely impossible. Even if anali-

scripta be really a Eucymatoge (I unfortunately omitted to

examine the venation when comparing), sodria is larger, with

more elongate wings, sharper markings, the postmedian line

of fore wing more angled (in analiscripta rather curved—

“bluntly bent ”’ according to Warren). My only hesitation

* Warren, not being engaged on a comparison between two allies,

not unnaturally says of costirufaria “underside dark grey,” but the

difference of tone is very marked indeed.

Bibliographical Notice. 333

is whether it be a paler, greyer form of costirvfaria, with

which it agrees in structure, unless perhaps the fore wing be

slightly more pointed; in both, the wings are distinctly

elongate, the termen of the fore wing long.

[To be continued. }

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

The Biology of Birds,

A Iistory of Birds. By W. P. Pycrart, Zoological Department,

British Museum. With an Introduction by Sir Ray Lanxesrer,

K.C.B., F.R.S. Pp. xxx+458. With 38 Plates and numerous

Figures. Methuen & Co., London, 1910. Price 10s. 6d.

Amone the many books on birds this new one by Mr. Pycraft

occupies a distinctive place. It is, we believe, quite by itself—a

Biology of birds, permeated through and through with the Evolution-

idea. For just as the theologian sees everything sub specie eterni-

tatis, so the post-Darwinian biologist sees everything sub specie

evolutionis. So many zoological books have encouraged our hopes

in their prefaces by declaring their intention to give prominence to

habits and history, and have soon dashed them to the ground by

adopting a thoroughly statical mode of treatment, that we almost

expected that Mr. Pycraft would likewise fall vietim to his specialisms,

and give us a beautiful treatise on comparative osteology with the

bird as a natural climax. We hope that he will do this by and by,

for he has a rare osteological insight; but we are glad that he has

kept true to his biological programme, and worked it out with so

much success. ‘There was need for a book of this kind, and we

have now @ posteriori as well as @ priori reasons for knowing that

Mr. Pycraft was the man to write it.

Let us first indicate the scope and arrangement of the book.

The introductory chapter discusses the structure and internal

functions of birds, the second their pedigree, the third their classifi-

cation, or, rather, the linesof their evolution. Then follow chapterson

geographical distribution, the seasonal punctuation of the bird’s life,

and migration. Inter-relations between birds and other organisms,

between birds of different kinds, and between the members of a bird-

community form the subject of a natural group of tbree chapters.

The author then passes to the relations of the sexes, the nest, the

eggs, the care of the young, the adaptations of nestlings—another

fine series. A chapter on development and life-history, considered

in their broad mcological aspects, leads on to variations, modifica-

tions, natural selection, sexual selection, and isolation—a series

that makes in itself a vivid introduction to the study of evolution.

Having discussed the raw materials of evolution and the directive

factors, Mr. Pycraft returns to the results achieved—the adapta-

tions, both static and dynamie, that are so conspicuous in a highly

evolved class such as birds. The volume concludes with a chapter on

334 Bibliographical Notice.

convergence or homoplasy in evolution—one of the puzzles, probably

illuminating puzzles, of etiology—which deserves far more serious

study than it has hitherto received. We believe that a careful

analysis of the phenomena of convergence would throw much light

into many dark corners. We are glad that the author has adopted

and firmly adhered to a logical, as well as naturally biological, order

of treatment, for even when the reader is not hyperesthetic in

regard to such matters there is an undoubted subconscious effect

which gives a peculiar virtue to a well-planned book.

In addition to its mode of treatment, the book has many out-

standing features. Throughout the chapters we find illustrations

of the author’s intimate knowledge of birds as entire organisms.

Mr. Pycraft is certainly one of the “ Knowers” to whom Sir Ray

Lankester refers in his interesting introduction. Another feature is

the fresh independence of many of the author’s positions. We

have grave doubts about some of them, e.g. the interpretation of

the colour of desert-birds (p. 84); but there is no doubt that the

author advances many that are novel and very suggestive, and none

that he has not made his own. Another feature, hard to define, is

a robust wholesomeness of outlook, which may be illustrated by the

remarks (p. 305) on what was done with “Athene chiaradie.” Yet

another outstanding feature in the book is the old-fashioned natu-

ralist’s love that the author has for birds both big and little—a

striking feature when one remembers that Mr. Pycraft is an expert

osteclogist to whom a valley of dry bones is positively delectable,

since he can make them live and tell stories. There is something

about birds that softens even the hardest morphological heart.

The book is beautifully illustrated by a series of plates by G. E.

Lodge and others, and we wish to emphasize this in regard to them,

that they are not only works of art (the photographs, too, of course),

but of high scientific interest. We feel that they are there for an

intellectual purpose—to illustrate a scientific point—which they

effectively serve. Asin the case of the simple illustrations scattered

throughout the text, they have had brains put into them. The

book is pleasant to handle, and the publishers are to be congratu-

lated on this first volume of “Animal Life: an Evolutionary

Natural History.” The people we are sorry for are those who

have to write the other volumes, for they have a model set them

which will require some working up to!

We venture to turn for a little to successive chapters, to illustrate

by a few samples the freshness and independence of Mr. Pycraft’s

work. Thus in the introductory chapter we find a criticism (which

demands amplification on the author’s part and consideration by

other ornithologists) of the use of the preen gland, usually regarded

as furnishing an unguent for the feathers. That there are many

difficulties in this orthodox interpretation is certain, and Mr. Pycraft

makes the suggestion that it may have served or may still serve as

a scent-gland. We venture to offer another—that it may be of use

as a stimulus to the flow of salivary juice! The second chapter

contains an original restoration of Archeopteryx and a speculation

as to the evolution of a wing from a parachute. In the third

Bibliographical Notice. B35

chapter we have an evolutionary sketch of the orders of birds,

which could only come after prolonged attending of the mind there-

unto, and the pedigrees suggested are made, to our thinking, very

much more valuable by the insertion of a genealogical tree. This

useful device cannot do harm when an author is so careful to insist

upon uncertainties as Mr. Pycraft always is.

From the distributional chapter, which is almost too condensed,

we may select the note that the Penguins seem to be the only group

of importance with a southern origin, and the protagonists of the

north will also be pleased to find Mr. Pycraft’s adherence to the

view that Trogons, Parrots, and Struthious birds are northern

forms which have spread southwards. The chapter on migration

does not seem to us 80 strong as the others; thus the movements of

Swallows in particular are taken to illustrate the conclusion that

the normal migration is due north and south, and an attempt is

made to correlate a wide migratory range with prolific reproduc-

tivity on the one hand, and catholicity of appetite on the other.

As one would expect, the chapter on inter-relations is fascinating,

and we may refer to an instance given to show that the Cuckoo

keeps careful watch on birds likely to prove suitable victims. ‘A

young Cuckoo was found in the nest of a Pied Wagtail which had

built in a flower-pot containing a plant trained over an intricate

trellis-work, leaving but small interspaces just big enough to allow

the passage of so small a bird, and this flower-pot, it is to be noted,

was placed in a greenhouse. Thus, then, the Cuckoo must have

watched the Wagtails collecting nesting materials, and have watched

their destination. Then, having deposited its egg on the ground

somewhere in the vicinity, it must have picked it up and gone

straight to the flower-pot, thrust in its head, and dropped the egg

into the nest.” But is Mr. Pycraft pulling the reader’s leg when he

says of the commensalism of Petrels and Hatteria that the Petrel

seems generally to live on the left, the “lizard ” on the right side of

the burrow?

The mode of treatment followed by the author in the section of

the book that deals with family affairs seems to us peculiarly happy

and successful. The chapters abound in significant facts, which

are utilized with good judgment. Song is not necessarily correlated

with happiness : ‘‘ the most famous singer of all, for example, the

Nightingale, will sing when alarmed, or under the emotion of a

great shock, as when its nest and eggs are destroyed, or when

roused from sleep by some sudden alarm.” The theory that imita-

tion plays an important part in the construction of the nest is dis-

missed, though it is rather the absence of evidence in favour of the

theory than anything against it that is urged. The whiteness of

some eggs is primitive, and in other cases secondarily derived; and

a very interesting state of affairs is illustrated by the British Puffin,

whose eggs are found to be thinly covered over with a layer of

white over a coloured surface. It is suggested that birds that nest

in holes have white eggs, not because they took to holes to hide

their conspicuous eggs, but because “in such dimly lighted places

coloured eggs, from their low refractive power, would run grave

336 Bibliographical Notice.

risks of being broken whenever the bird entered the nest, while

white eggs, in this dim religious light, are just visible.”

One of the many interesting suggestions in the chapter on the

care of offspring concerns the bright colours which are sometimes

seen around and in the mouth of nestlings; these are interpreted

as guides to the parents when feeding their young; but this is only

one of the many fresh pieces of biological interpretation in this

section of the book—where, indeed, to our thinking, the high-water

mark is reached. In the last of the chapters in this section the

author deals with the periods of life and their expression in the

plumage, and ends up with death, in regard to which we are glad

to have from a naturalist with so wide an experience of birds a

confirmation of an important generalization. He says ‘ death from

senescence is probably rare indeed.” By a momentary lapse of

artistic sense, or for some reason the true inwardness of which is

too subtle for our perception, the author passes beyond the full stop

of death to offer a few notes on play, which suggest, moreover, an

insufficient appreciation of the work of Groos.

There are so many points of interest in the section dealing with

variation and heredity, selection and isolation, that we are em-

barrassed in our attempt to select what is most distinctive. We

may refer, however, to what is said of discontinuous variation ; to

the suggestion (that recalls Weismann) of variations going on in-

creasing in a given direction if selection does not stop them ; to the

cautiously expressed idea of the environment supplying variational

stimuli—an idea which will perhaps bulk largely in the future of

etiology ; to the rejection of the view that modifications may be

transmissible ; to the interesting paradox that the displaying of

plumage is a habit very much more ancient than having gorgeous

plumage to display. It is characteristic of the book throughout

that it opens many doors of inquiry and closes next to none ; it does

not “finish” subjects, but suggests what must be done to develop

them. Thus it is natural that it should end by bringing the reader

back to the facts of adaptation which are before us as riddles still

imperfectly read; and one of the remarkable facts about adaptation

is that with which the book closes, that the same kind of result

may be reached along different paths by animals which are not

nearly related to one another.

In his illustration of the chief concepts of the evolution theory

Mr. Pycraft calls attention to the mass of material that has passed

through the hands of ornithologists without being fully utilized, and

to the numerous opportunities for crucial observations and experi-

ments that have been lost. But this was inevitable with the rapidly

widening Darwinian outlook, and it serves little purpose to reproach

the past. Mr. Pycraft has done much better than that, for he has

produced a book which will be an inspiration to many an ornitho-

logist with the root of the matter in him who has been working

along rather narrow lines. He has given us one of the most inter-

esting and educative books that we have read for many a day, and

he has our hearty thanks and congratulations,

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

(EIGHTH SERIES. }

No. 34. OCTOBER L910,

XXXVIII.—New African Phlebotomic Diptera in the British

Museum (Natural History).—Part VII. Tabanide (con-

tinued). By Ernest E. Austen *,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

PanGONUNZ.

DorcaLemus fF, gen. nov.

Agreeing with Pangonia, Latr. (sensi stricto), excep! that

in the wings the fourth as well as the first posterior cell is

closed before reaching the margin, and that the wings themselves,

instead of tapering to the distal extremity, are more bluntly

rounded at the lips, thus having a characteristic shape, which,

by comparison with that seen in, e. g., Pangonia rostrata,

Linn., is relatively short and broad. Ocelli wanting. Face in

both sexes without a shining callus on each side.

' Typical species, Pangonia compacta, Austen (Ann. & Mag.

Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. i. p. 212 (1908) ; ‘ Illustrations of

African Blood-sucking Flies,’ p. 61, pl. iv. fig. 28 (1909) :—

Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland Protectorate).

* See Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. iii. p, 280 (1909).

+ Dorcalemus=a plague to antelopes (Sopxds, an antelope; Nomds, a

plague or pest).

Ann. & Mag. N. list. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 23

338 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

Up to the present time the species belonging to this new

genus, which is sufficiently characterized in the foregoing

diagnosis, have been met with only in South Central Africa.

In addition to the typical species, Pangonia compacta cen-

tralis, Austen (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. loc. cit. p. 214 :—

Nyasaland Protectorate), and P. fodiens, Austen (ibid.

p. 215:—Nyasaland Protectorate), also belong to Dorca-

lemus.

From the South-American genus Scione, Walk., in which

the fourth posterior ccll is likewise closed, Dorcalemus is

distinguished by its species having bare eyes and a very

different facies.

Dorcalemus bicolor, sp. n.

g.—Length (1 specimen) 13°5 mm.; width of head

4°25 mm.; distance from upper margin of occiput to anterior

extremity of face 3°25 mm.; length of proboscis 5°2 mm. ;

greatest width of abdomen (base of second segment) 5 mm. ;

length of wing 96 mm.; greatest width of wing 3°6 mm.

A slenderly built species, with (at least in the 3) relatively

narrow tapering abdomen.—Face short, but little prominent,

yellowish-white pollinose, lower part of sides clove-brown * ;

thorax olive, yellowish pollinose ; first three segments of abdo-

men buff on dorsum, cream-coloured below, remainder of abdo-

men clove-brown, on dorsal surface an area on first segment

immediately beneath scutellum and a median basal spot on

second segment also clove-brown ; wings with a light sepia

tinge ; femora, except extreme tips, clove-brown or black, tibie,

tarsi, and extreme tips of femora cream-buff, last two joints of

all tarsi and tips of remaining tarsal joints brown or brownish.

Head: upper part of sides of face and basi-occipital region

clothed with pale yellowish hair; palpi clove-brown, terminal

joint curved and very slender; proboscis black; first and

second joints of antenne clothed with black hairs, first joint

blackish, grey pollinose, second joint buff, third joint ochra-

ceous-rufous, somewhat brownish at tip. Thorax: dorsum,

including scutellum, clothed with bright Naples-yellow hair,

mixed with dark brown hair, especially on anterior portion

of dorsum and on hind margin of scutellum ;_ pollinose

covering on sides of dorsum lighter than that on disc of

dorsum ; pleurz clothed with pale yellowish hair, a tuft of

black hair immediately in front of and below base of wing.

* For names and illustrations of colours, see Ridgway, ‘A Nomen-

clature of Colors for Naturalists’ (Boston: Little, Brown, & Company,

1886).

African Phiebotomie Diptera. 339

Abdomen: dorsum clothed with black hair, second and third

segments each with a band of pale, shining, whitish-yellow

hair on hind border; ventral surface of second and third

segments clothed with shining whitish-yellow hair and with

a patch of black hair in each anterior angle; venter clothed

elsewhere with black hair. Wings: stigma ochre-yellow,

veins ochraceous, fourth and sixth and distal extremities of

other longitudinal veins brown. Squame buff. Halteres

cream-buff, stalks ochraceous-buff. Legs: femora, tarsi,

anterior surfaces of front and hind tibiz and of distal extre-

mities of middle tibiz clothed with black hair, legs elsewhere

clothed with pale yellowish hair.

Nyasaland Protectorate: Zomba District, 1909 (Dr. S. K.

Norris).

So far, at any rate, as may be judged from the male,

Dorcalemus bicolor, owing to its coloration and narrow and

elongate body, is readily distinguishable from any other

species of its genus at present described.

Genus Panconia, Macq.

Pangonia bubsequa, sp. n.

?.—Length (2 specimens) 16 to 17°2 mm.; width of

head 5°2 to 5°8 mm.; width of front at vertex just under

1 mm.; distance from upper margin of occiput to anterior

extremity of face 4-4 to 4°6 mm. ; length of proboscis 7°2 to

9mm.; length of wing 14 to 16-4 mm. ; greatest width of

wing 5 to 5°6 mm.

Allied to Pangonia oldii, Austen, from which it may be

distinguished by the tawny-ochraceous area on the dorsum of

the abdomen being confined to the first (i.e. first visible) seg-

ment, which contrasts sharply with the following segments in

colour, and by the absence of a (more or less complete) trans-

verse band of silvery-white hair on the hind borders of the

second and fourth abdominal segments.—Thorax olive-brown,

dorsum when viewed at a low angle from behind appearing dull

saffron-yellow pollinose ; first (visible) segment of abdomen

tawny-ochraceous, second segment dark mummy-brown, third

to sixth segments inclusive clove-brown, sixth and seventh

segments yellowish pollinose and clothed with Naples-yellow

hair, lateral margins of fourth and fifth seyments and hind

border of fifth segment (more or less completely) clothed with

yellowish hair ; wings brownish, extreme base and costal cells

mummy-brown ; femora dark brown at base, then chestnut or

23°

340 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

cinnamon-rufous, front and middle tibie buff, front and middle

tarsi ochraceous-buff, hind tibie and tarsi chestnut.

Head buff pollinose, lower part of sides of face mummy-

brown; shining black callus on each side of face oblong,

widely separated from front margin of buccal cavity ; ocellar

spot shining dark brown, more or less quadrate, not reaching

eye on each side; a dark patch in centre of front, connected

below with an elongate reddish-brown callus between and

above bases of antennze; jowls and basi-occipital region

clothed with yellowish-white hair; palpi and antenne cinna-

mon-rufous, first and second joints of antenne greyish

pollinose, first joint clothed with yellowish, second joint for

most part with long blackish hairs. Thorax: dorsum viewed

vertically from above showing traces of three narrow, raw-

sienna-coloured, longitudinal stripes on median third ;

dorsum, including scutellum, clothed with short, erect,

Naples-yellow hair, which immediately in front of pre-

scutellar groove is mixed with blackish hair in middle lne;

longer hair on each side, on upper margin of mesopleura,

above base of wing, and on postalar callus yellowish white ;

pleurze clothed with yellowish hair; a small tuft of black

hair beneath base of wing on each side. Abdomen very

convex above ; first (first visible) segment blackish beneath

scutellum, elsewhere clothed with ochraceous hair, with some

pale straw-yellow hairs on each side of middle line in front

of hind margin; second segment in case of type lighter in

middle than at sides, with a few yellow hairs on each poste-

rior angle, visible only from the side; hind border of fifth

segment and that of fourth except on each side dull, more or

less yellowish pollinose ; second to fifth segments inclusive

clothed, except where already stated to the contrary, with

short black hair ; ; some black hairs also among the yellow

hairs on sixth segment; venter clothed for most part with

short black hair, fifth aud followimg segments clothed with

yellowish hair. Sguame buff. Halteres: stalk brownish,

knob ochraceous-buff. Legs: front coxz clothed on anterior

surface with yellowish-white hair; femora, hind tibie, and

upper surface of hind tarsi clothed with black hair; front

and middle tibiz and upper surface of front and middle tarsi

clothed with Naples-yellow or ochraceous hair ; tarsi clothed

beneath with bright ochraceous-rufous hair.

Nyasaland Protectorate and North-Eastern Rhodesia:

type from Kapemba Valley, Luvin River, Akamanga, North

Nyasa, 4. v. 1909, “biting cattle” (Dr. J. B. Davey); a

second specimen (in possession of the Hope Demscnci

Oxford University Museum) is from the Loangwa Valley,

African Phlebotomic Dijtera. 341

N.-E. Rhodesia, 12-20 miles west of Petauke, 1700 ft.,

8. iv. 1905 (S. A. Neave).

Pangonia concilans, sp. 0.

?.—Length (2 specimens) 10°4 to 115 mm.; width of

head 3°6 to 3°8 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°6 mm. ;

distance from upper margin of occiput to anterior extre-

mity of face 2°8 to 3 mm. ; length of proboscis 4mm.; length

of wing 10 to 11°25 mm.; greatest width of wing 4 mm.

Allied to and in appearance somewhat resembling Pangonia

riippellii, Jaenn.—Thorax olive, dorsum dull saffron-yellow

pollinose, clothed with ochre-yellow hair ; abdomen ochraceous,

fourth, fifth, and sixth segments each with a clove-brown

transverse band on dorsum, third segment with a dark brown

spot or blotch in middle line, second and following segments

each with a buff-yellow pollinose band, clothed with appressed

chrome-yellow hair, on hind border; wings light mummy-

brown ; femora, except extreme tips, dark brown (seal-brown

to clove-brown), tarsi, tibie, and extreme tips of femora

ochraceous-buff.

Head yellowish pollinose ; face short, only moderately

prominent ; a shining, seal-brown, roughly quadrate spot on

each side of face, next eye ; a transverse somewhat rhomboid

callus below antenne, and an elongate callus on upper half

of front, not extending to upper margin of occiput, shining

black ; jowls and basi-occipital region clothed with yellowish-

white hair; pa/pi cinnamon-rufous or chestnut; proboscis

clove-brown, relatively stout; antenne ochraceous-rufous,

first and second joints yellowish pollinose, clothed with

yellowish hair, third joint fairly broad at base. Thora:

pleure clothed with straw-yellow hair. Addomen: dorsum

of first (first visible) segment clove-brown beneath scutellum ;

clove-brown transverse bands clothed with black hair, re-

mainder of dorsum clothed with chrome-yellow hair, which

on third segment is mixed with minute black hairs; clove-

brown bands on fifth and sixth segments rounded off or

tapering on each side, band on sixth segment not reaching

lateralemargins ; seventh segment also with a dark brown

transverse band in front (largely concealed beneath hind

margin of preceding segment), not extending to lateral

margins, but somewhat deeper on each side of middle line ;

distal extremity of venter banded similarly to dorsum ;

ventral surface of segment which is the first visible on dorsal

side and that of next two segments cream-buff or buff,

clothed with similarly coloured appressed hairs; clove-brown

342 Mr. BE. E. Austen on new

transverse band on ventral plate of following segment obso-

lete in one specimen except on each side; ventral plate of

seventh segment clove-brown except hind border and lateral

margins. Wings somewhat paler towards hind margin,

stigma ochraceous, veins tawny. Squame buff. Halteres

cream-buff, stalks brownish or ochraceous-buff. Legs: coxe

dusky, grey pollinose, clothed with straw-yellow hair ; femora

clothed with black hairs, mixed, at least in case of middle

and hind femora, with some yellow hairs; tibie and tarsi

clothed with buff-yellow hair.

Northern Nigeria; type and one other specimen from

South Bornu, September, 1907 (Dr. H. A. Foy). The donor’s

field-note is as follows :—‘ Attacking horse ; sucked blood

on the wing without settling, and darted away after feeding.”

Pangonia concitans may be distinguished from P. riippellit,

Jaenn., which also occurs in Northern Nigeria, inter alia

by the face being shorter, by the proboscis (including the

labella) being shorter and thicker, by the pale bands on the

hind borders of the distal abdominal segments being buff-

yellow and clothed with chrome-yellow hair, instead of

whitish and clothed with similarly coloured or yellowish-

white hair, and by the absence of a posterior median notch

in the dark band ou the fourth abdominal segment.

Genus Capicera, Macq.

Cadicera nigricolor, sp. n.

9? .—Length (1 specimen) 15 mm.; width of head 5 mm. ;

width of front at vertex 0°75 mm.; length of proboscis

375 mm.; greatest width of abdomen (third segment)

8 mm.; length of wing 14°8 mm. ; greatest width of wing

5°5 mm.

Body entirely black, clothed with black hair, and totally

devoid of lighter markings ; wings dark brown, with a purplish

tinge ; legs varying in colour from clove-brown or almost black

to dark chestnut-brown, and clothed with black hair except on

inside of front tibie, where a longitudinal streak extending

from base almost to distal extremity is composed of minute,

appressed, buff-yellow hairs.

Head: front clove-brown, face dark Vandyke-brown, thinly

clothed on each side with dark brown hairs, traces of grey

pollen on antennal protuberance and on sides of face next

eyes; basi-occipital region clothed with black hair; palpi

dark Vandyke-brown, proximal joint clothed below with

long, fine, blackish hair, terminal joint elongate, 2°25 mm.

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 343

in length in case of type, thickened just beyond middle, but

less swollen than in certain other species of Cadicera, clothed

with black hair; proboscis clove-brown; first and second

joints of antenne clove-brown, clothed with black hair (third

joint missing in case of type). Thorax: dorsum shining,

pleurz and pectus dull. Abdomen purplish black, somewhat

less shining than dorsum of thorax owing to surface being

more coarsely punctured at base of each hair, and also scored

with fine transverse striw. Wings: costal cells darker than

remainder of surface, anal and axillary cells paler, remaining

cells each with a more or less pronounced paler central area

or streak; veins clove-brown. Squame and halteres clove-

brown. Legs: front legs and middle tibie and tarsi dark

chestnut-brown.

Southern Rhodesia: Chirinda Forest, Melsetter District,

3800 ft., 1. x. 1909 (C. F. M. Swynnerton).

From all species of Cadicera already described except

C. crassipalpis, Macq., C. nigricolor is at once distinguished

by its uniform black colour, which is unrelieved by lighter

markings of any kind. The less elongate and relatively

broader abdomen, and the coloration of the antennz, wings,

tibize, and tarsi differentiate the new species from C. crassi-

palpis.

Genus Curysops, Meigen.

Chrysops laticeps, sp. n.

? —Length (lspecimen) 8mm.; width of head 3:2 mm. ;

width of front at vertex 1°6 mm.; length of wing 8 mm.

A stoully built thickset species, with broad head and sharply

defined, narrow, oblique, transverse band on wings.—Head

cream-buff pollinose, smoke-grey on vertex ; antenne relatively

short ; thorax yellowish-grey pollinose, dorsum in front with

two narrow, admedian, buff-coloured longitudinal stripes, widely

separated and not or scarcely extending beyond transverse

suture ; abdomen ochraceous-buff at base, dorsum of second to

seventh segments inclusive each with a clove-brown transverse

band, hind borders of these segments yellowish grey or yellowish

pollinose, last three segments and hind borders of third and

fourth segments thickly clothed above with ochre-yellow hair ;

legs, except middle and hind coze and tips of tarsi, cinnamon,

hind tibie fringed on outer side with ochre-yellow hair.

Head: frontal callus shining black, transversely elliptical,

but not extending to eyes; ocel/i widely separated, each

ocellus situate upon a small shining black spot; these spots

are separate from each other, and the foremost spot is not

344 Mr. E. BE. Austen on new

connected with the frontal callus ; face broad and relatively

flat, not tumid or prominent ; facial tubercles iu the shape of

a vertically elongate, rectangular, shining clove-brown spot

below each antenna; eyes large, descending to lower margin

of head, no shining spot on jowls; face, jowls, and upper

half of front clothed with fairly long, pale yellowish hair;

palpi ochraceous-buff, proximal joint clothed below with long

buff-yellow hair, terminal joint moderately large, its proximal

portion fairly broad, and its outer surface clothed with short,

appressed, buff-yellow hairs, and dark brown in centre ;

antenne 2°5 mm. long, first two joints of approximately

equal length and each about three-fourths as long as third

joint, first and second joints cylindrical and of equal thick-

ness, clothed with short black hair, first joimt not incrassate,

second and third joints dark brown, second joint paler

(cinnamon) on inner side, first joint cinnamon, brownish at

tip on upper side. Thorax: dorsum on each side with a

broad yellowish pollinose stripe extending from humeral to

post-alar callus; dorsum (including scutellum) clothed with

erect pale straw-yellow hair; pleurz yellowish pollinose,

clothed with straw-yellow hair. Abdomen: ochraceous-buff

area at base of dorsum extending to distal angles of second

segment ; first segment with a clove-brown, median, quadrate

blotch, extending beyond scutellum, but not reaching hind

margin of segment; clove-brown transverse band on second

segment in contact with front margin in centre, but curving

away from front margin on each side and diminishing in

depth, somewhat emarginate posteriorly in middle line,

separated from hind margin of segment by a space equal to

about one-fourth of the lergth of latter, and not or only

indistinctly reaching lateral margins of segment; clove-

brown bands on five following segments each in contact with

aiterior margin throughout their extent, separated from

hind margin by roughly one-third of length of segment in ~

each case, tapering somewhat towards each side, and not

quite reaching actual lateral margins of segments ; bands on

second to fourth segments inclusive clothed, except on sides,

with short dark brown hair; sides of first segment clothed

with straw-yellow hair, those of second and third segments

clothed with short, appressed, buff-yellow hair; hair on ex-

treme lateral margins longer, forming a fringe; venter

ochraceous-buff, clothed with appressed buff-coloured hair,

second segment with an ill-defined, dark, transverse band in

middle, not reaching sides, anterior borders of following

segments infuscated. Wings: extreme base, costal border

above and as far as end of first longitudinal vein, stigma, and

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 345

transverse band mummy-brown ; transverse band extending

obliquely backwards from first longitudinal to posterior

branch of fifth vein, base of its proximal margin on a level

with base of third longitudinal vein, that of its distal margin

on a level with distal extremity of stigma, band narrowing

until it reaches base of fifth posterior cell, in which, as also

in discal ccll, it is somewhat emarginate on its outer side;

veins mummy-brown, in places ochraceous-buff. Ha/teres :

knob dark brown, stalk cinnamon. Legs: middle and hind

femora clothed with maize-yellow hair, long and fine below ;

front tibiz stout, but not inecrassate, distal two-thirds

brownish ; last four joints and distal extremity of first joint

of each tarsus dark brown.

Zululand: Kosi Bay, February—March, 1906 (F. Toppin :

presented by Mr. E. Warren, Government Museum, Pieter-

maritzburg, Natal).

With Chrysops fuscipennis, Ricardo (Mashonaland and

Nyasaland Protectorate), C. ciliaris, Lw. (the type of which

was stated by its author to be from “ Caffraria”’), and the

new species from Northern Nigeria described below, C. lati-

ceps forms a well-defined group, recoguizable at once by the

sharply defined and characteristic wing-markings (which are

without an apical blotch on the distal portion of the costa),

as well as by the general facies, including the broad head,

broad and thickset body, and fringed hind tibiae. From

C. ciliaris, Lw., C. laticeps may be distinguished inter alia

by the abdominal markings, the bands on the third and

following segments being entire instead of widely interrupted

in the middle line; from C. fuscipennis, Ricardo, the new

species is distinguishable by its shorter antenne, differently

shaped ocellar spots, and conspicuous bands of ochre-yellow

hair on the dorsum of the abdomen. Owing to its small

size and dusky coloration, especially its dark abdomen and

legs, the following species cannot possibly be confused with

C. laticeps.

Chrysops pusillula, sp. n.

9 .—Length (1 specimen) 5 mm. ; width cf head 2 mm. ;

width of front at vertex 1°2 mm.; length of wing 5:2 mm.

A very small dusky species, with sharply defined wing-

markings of the same type as those of C. laticeps (no apical

blotch on costa).— Head smoke-grey, pollinose, front mouse-

grey ; thorax mouse grey, pollinose, except median third of

dorsum, which is light grey ; dorsum of thorax in case of type

with a pair of elevated and widely separated shining black

346 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

longitudinal stripes, interrupted on transverse suture ; abdo-

men clove-brown, clothed above with relatively long and mainly

dark brown hair, hind borders of first and second segments

light grey; legs entirely clove-brown, front tibie slender, not

at all incrassate, hind tibie stouter, bearing on outer side a

Jringe of long and fine dark brown hair, inner surface of hind

tibie with a shorter and less conspicuous fringe.

Head: front broad, frontal callus large, shining black,

semicircular in outline (lower margin straight), not extending

to eyes; ocelli close together, anterior ocellus in contact with

upper margin of callus, a transversely elongate shining black

fleck extending outwards from each of the other ocelli, but

not reaching eye; face slightly arched, but not prominent,

an irregularly quadrate, shining black facial tubercle below

each antenna, each tubercle (in typical specimen, at any rate)

in contact with its fellow in middle line above; eyes large,

descending to lower margin of head, no shining spot on

jowls ; upper half of front and middle part of face clothed

with brownish hair, jowls clothed with yellowish hair, hair

on face and jowls long and erect ; palpi dark brown, terminal

joint curved, not swollen at base; antenneé short, dark

brown, first and second joints cylindrical, clothed with

brownish hair (third joint missing in case of type), first joint

not swollen, but thicker and somewhat longer than second,

combined length of first two joints in case of type 1 mm.

Thorax: pleure clothed with brownish hair; scutellum

clove-brown. Abdomen: grey hind border of second seg-

ment narrow, of uniform depth, occupying about distal

seventh of segment ; grey hind border of first segment deeper

on sides than in middle (at least twice as deep as hind border

of second segment) ; extreme hind margins of third to sixth

segments inclusive narrowly lighter (yellowish pollinose) ; a

small patch of yellowish hair in middle of hind borders of

first and second segments ; terminal segment clothed with

yellowish hair above and below ; venter dark brown, clothed

(except terminal segment) with brownish hair. Wings

hyaline, extreme base, costal border above and as far as end

of first longitudinal vein, and a sharply defined, oblique,

transverse band, resting on distal third of first longitudinal

vein and extending into anal cell, just beyond posterior

branch of fifth vein, dark brown; transverse band crossing

wing in such a way as to leave approximately distal third of

discal cell hyaline; proximal and distal margins of trans-

verse band roughly straight, without a projection or con-

spicuous indentation; centre of discal cell somewhat lighter ;

veins brown. Halteres: knob russet-brown, stalk dark

African Phlebotomie Diptera, 347

brown. Legs: femora clothed beneath with long and fine

brownish hair.

Northern Nigeria: S. Bornu, between September and

December, 1908 (Dr. H. A. Foy).

As stated above, at the end of the description of the fore-

going species, Chrysops pusillula belongs to the well-marked

group which also includes C, ciliaris, Lw., C. fuscipennis,

Ricardo, and C. Jaticeps, Austen, from all of which it can

readily be distinguished by its small size and by its dark-

coloured abdomen not being lighter at the base.

Chrysops inflaticornis, sp. n.

9 —Length (3 specimens) 8 to 9°5 mm.;.width of head

2:75 to 3mm. ; width of front at vertex 1:2 mm.; length of

wing 8 to 8°75 mm.

Dorsum of thorax marked alternately with greyish olive-

brown and smoke-grey longitudinal stripes ; abdomen ochra-

ceous-buff, dorsum of second and following segments each with

a more or less indistinct russet-brown transverse band, second

to fifth segments inclusive each with hind margin and a median

triangle on hind border pale ; first and second joints of an-

tenne shining tawny ochraceous, first joint strongly swollen,

elliptical-oval ; wings with costal border and sharply defined,

oblique, transverse band, tapering towards hind border, mummy-

brown, apical blotch on costa present and below it a fainter

’ infuscation, including tip of wing and extending along hind

border as far as axillary cell and anal angle, meeting trans-

verse band in fourth or fifth posterior cell ; legs ochraceous,

none of the tibie incrassate, hind tibie with a fringe of short

hair on outer side.

Head broad, cream-coloured pollinose, upper half of front

yellowish pollinose ; front broad, frontal callus either clove-

brown, raw-sienna-coloured in centre above, or raw-sienna-

coloured, clove-brown on lower margin and towards each

lateral extremity ; frontal callus fairly prominent, in shape a

wide and low triangle, with apex directed upwards and blunt,

and the lateral angles rounded off and either in contact with

or only narrowly separated from the eyes; ocelli somewhat

widely separate, each ocellus surrounded by a small dark

brown spot, the spot encircling each upper ocellus sometimes

taking the shape of a narrow triangular streak, extending

outwards towards eye; face broad, somewhat arched and

prominent, facial tubercles wanting, no shining spot on

jowls ; front, face, jowls, and lower surface of head clothed

with erect yellowish hair, longest below ; palpi clothed with

348 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

similar hair, proximal joint dark grey, terminal joint cream-

~ buff, bluntly lanceolate in outline, not curved; first and

second joints of antenne clothed with short blackish hair,

first joint with a dark brown longitudinal streak on outer

side of distal half, second joint dark brown at extreme tip

(third joint missing in specimens available for examination).

Thorax: dorsum marked with three greyish olive-brown and

four smoke-grey longitudinal stripes, and also with a small,

elongate, dark grey streak on each side above base of wing ;

pleuree light grey, clothed with whitish hair ; dorsum, in-

cluding scutellum, clothed with short yellowish hair ; scute/-

lum cinnamon-rufous, its base marked with a transversely

elongate greyish olive-brown spot, not extending to sides.

Abdomen: dorsum of first segment with a clove-brown

median area beneath scutellum, not or scarcely reaching hind

margin; dorsum of second segment with a small, rounded,

greyish olive-brown or blackish spot in middle line near

front margin; darker bands on dorsum extending to sides in

case of third and fourth segments, band on fifth segment

sometimes reaching sides, bands on second and last two

segments not extending to sides ; bands on third and following

segments in each case in contact with front margin through-

out their extent, band on second segment in contact with

front margin in middle line, but curving away from it

towards each side; paler areas on dorsum, including poste-

rior angles and hind margin of first segment, anterior angles

of second segment, hind borders of second to sixth segments —

inclusive, and posterior mediau triangles on second to fifth

segments inclusive clothed with minute, glistening, appressed,

yellowish hairs ; darker areas of dorsum clothed with minute,

appressed, blackish hairs; venter buff, clothed with minute,

appressed, yellowish hairs, second segment sometimes with a

small, dark, median spot, similar to that on dorsum of same

segment. Wings: mummy-brown costal border deeper

towards base of wing, and including, besides base of wing

itself, proximal extremities of first and second basal cells ;

stigma when seen against a light background cinnamon or

tawny-ochraceous; proximal margin of transverse band

commencing on a level with base of third longitudinal vein,

approximately straight, distal margin of transverse band

commencing halfway between distal extremity of stigma and

proximal end of apical blotch, notched, sending out a projec-

tion to base of fork of third longitudinal vein, and also

indented below distal extremity of discal cell ; transverse

band terminating in distal extremity of anal cell; costal

border indented in marginal cell by upper extremity of a

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 349

milky streak, which borders distal margin of transverse baud

as far as fourth posterior cell, separating apical blotch and

infuscation below it from transverse band. Halteres dark

brown, knobs paler below. Legs: coxz clothed with whitish

hair, middle and hind cox grey, front cox buff, grey at

the tip; trochanters, tips of femora and of first joint of each

tarsus, and last four joints of each tarsus except at extreme

base dark brown, front tibiz brownish at distal extremity ;

femora clothed with pale yellowish or whitish hair, tibie

clothed with short blackish hair, hind tibie also with short

yellowish hair on outer side at base.

Cape Colony: type and two other specimens from Ann-

shaw, King William’s Town District (Miss Barrett).

The coloration of the antenne and their swollen first joints,

in conjunction with the sharply defined wing-markings, will

suffice to distinguish this species from any other African

Chrysops at present known.

Genus Rutnomyza, Wied.

Rhinomyza perpulcra, sp. n.

9 .—Length (6 specimens) 12°25 to 12°6 mm.; width of

head 4 to 4°2 mm. ; width of front at vertex 0°5 toO°6 mm.

length of wing 11°8 to 12 mm.

Dorsum of thorax mummy-brown, unicolorous ; dorsum of

abdomen tawny-ochraceous, with two broad, black, longitudinal

stripes, either entire or more or less incomplete after reaching

hind margin of third segment ; pleure, pectus, and venter buff,

without markings ; both upper and lower branches of third

joint of antenne long and slender ; wings with a yellowish

tinge, especially in proximal half; costal border, including

distal extremity down to level of posterior branch of third

longitudinal vein, first basal and proximal two-thirds of second

basal cell, and a broad transverse’ band, startiny from costal

border below stigma, extending to posterior margin, and curving

back into tips of anal and axillary cells, clove-brown.

Head orauge-buff, front immediately above base of antennz

and prominent central portion of face darker (tawny or

tawny ochraceous), the latter more or less shining ; elongate,

shining frontal callus shaped as in Rh. denticornis, Wied.,

tawny, with upper half dark brown, or at least with a dark

brown spot above middle; ocellar spot dark brown, con-

nected with upper extremity of callus; lower surface of

head clothed with buff-yellow hair; proximal joint of palpi

orange-buff, clothed with buff-y ellow hair, terminal joint

350 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

mummy-brown or dark tawny, clothed on outer side with

minute, appressed, black hairs; antenne ochraceous or

tawny, tip of third joint (last four annuli) clove-brown or

black, first two joints clothed with minute black hairs,

upper angle of second joint much produced, third joint

1°8 mm. in length, its upper branch 1 mm. in length, very

slender at its distal extremity, which is curved downwards.

Thorax: extreme front margin of dorsum showing vestiges

of two paler, elongate, admedian flecks, dorsum clothed with

brownish, pleure with buff-yellow or maize-yellow hair.

Abdomen : black longitudinal stripes on dorsum commencing

on first segment, and, if extending to distal extremity, some-

times more or less confluent on fifth and sixth segments ; in

other specimens stripes are interrupted on front half of

fourth segment, commencing again more or less indistinctly

towards hind margin of same, and thence being continued to

tip of abdomen, although by no means so sharply defined as

on first three segments ; inner margins of stripes more or

less excavated on each segment after first and consequently

irregular; though widely separated from lateral margins on

first two segments, stripes are more or less connected there-

with on third segment, and also on following segments

when stripes are prolonged to the tip; light parts of dorsum

clothed with minute orange-buff hairs, more or less inter-

mixed with minute black hairs, with which alone the black

stripes are clothed; venter shining, clothed with minute,

appressed, bufi-yellow or orange-buff hairs. Wings: dark

markings sharply defined and very conspicuous ; costal

border narrowest immediately before stigma, which is dark

brown ; apical blotch (extension of costal border) terminating

sharply on posterior branch of third longitudinal vein, and

so wide as to occupy distal three-fourths of second sub-

marginal cell; distal margin of transverse band commencing

on (occasionally just above) second longitudinal vein, at a

point about two-thirds of distance between distal extremity

of stigma and apical blotch ; proximal margin of transverse

band commencing a little beyond level of proximal end of

stigma, indented in discal cell, and again, and more deeply,

in fifth posterior cell ; first basal cell with a minute, elongate,

hyaline streak or spot in extreme base, next upper margin ;

fourth longitudinal vein passing through an elongate, hyaline

streak just before meeting anterior basal transverse vein.

Halteres: knobs clove-brown, sometimes paler (buff or

ochraceous-buff) below, or above and below; stalks buff or

ochraceous-buff. Legs ochraceous or tawny-ochraceous ;

coxe buff; front tarsi and last joints of middle and hind

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 351

tarsi black or clove-brown, third and fourth joints of middle

tarsi and second, third, and fourth joints of hind tarsi dark

brown ; a longitudinal streak on distal portion of postero-

interior surface of front tibiz, tips of first and second joints

of middle tarsi, and tip of first joint of hind tarsi on posterior

side brown or brownish; coxz and front and middle femora

clothed with buff-yellow hair, tibiz, hind femora, and first

joint of hind tarsi clothed with orange-ochraceous hair.

Uganda: type and five other specimens from Mpumu,

Chagwe, April, 1910 (Captains A. E. Hamerton, D.S.O.,

R.A.M.C., and H. R. Bateman, R.A.M.C.).

Captain Bateman has kindly supplied the following field-

note on this strikingly handsome species : —

«¢ Habitat:—ford across stream bordered by forest at foot

of north aspect of Mpumu Hill.

Dates when caught :—April 14, 18, and 22, 1910.

“ Average climatic conditions :—heavy rain-storms during

night, followed by bright sunshine and showers during day.

Temperature 60°-80° F.

** Habits (so far as observed) :—most active from sunrise

(6.0 a.m.) to 9.0 a.m. on bright mornings; absent during

rainy mornings ; active again from 4.0 p.m. to5.0 p.m.; not to

be seen at mid-day. The flies are found flying low over the

running stream, and alighting from time to time on the

stones in the water. They attack man and beast during

their active hours, and bite freely.

“ Numbers :—fairly common.

“* Eyes in fresh state iridescent black, or rather iridescent

gun-metal colour,”

The following are the chief points of difference from the

South African Rhinomyza denticornis, Wied., presented by

Lith. perpulcra :—third joint of antenne (both upper and

lower branches) longer and more slender ; dorsum of thorax

uniformly darker, without any trace of longitudinal stripes,

except two admedian light flecks on extreme front margin ;

no longitudinal dark stripe, either partial or complete, on

lateral edge of dorsum of thorax and lateral edge of abdomen ;

black stripes on dorsum of abdomen much broader; wings

with apical blotch reaching lower branch of third longi-

tudinal vein (instead of extending at most to middle of

second submarginal cell), and transverse band connected

with blotch at tip of anal cell; front tarsi entirely and tips

of middle and hind tarsi black or clove-brown, instead of

only tips of all tarsi being brown or brownish.

352 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

Rhinomyza concinna, sp. n.

? .—Length (1 specimen) 12mm.; width of head 4 mm. ;

width of front at vertex 0°6 mm. ; length of wing 12 mm.

Dorsum of thorax cinnamon-coloured, yellowish-pollinose,

with a pair of il-deyined, ochraceous-buff, admedian, longi-

tudinal stripes, and a dark brown, median, longitudinal stripe,

commencing just before level of transverse suture, very narrow

for about 15 mm, and then suddenly expanding into an oblong

blotch reaching hind margin ; on each side of dorsum of thorux

an elongate dark brown mark, between humeral callus and base

of wing; dorsum of abdomen orange-buff, darker towards

distal extremity, last three segments mainly chestnut-brown,

Jirst segment with a narrow clove-brown band of nearly uniform

depth on hind border, second segment with an irregular clove-

brown triangle on hind border, each lateral extremity of which

is connected with one of a pair of clove-brown transverse

blotches, one of which is situated on each side of third segment ;

wings not quite hyaline ( faintly tinged with sepia), with con-

spicuous mummy-brown markings.

Head buff-yeliow (occipital region smoke-grey), frontal

callus ochraceous, shining ceutral portion of face tawny-

ochraceous, ocellar spot and a guadrate median spot immedi-

ately above lower margin of face clove-brown ; under surface of

head clothed with ochraceous hair ; palpi tawny, terminal joint

clothed on outer side with minute, appressed, black hairs ;

antenne tawny-ochraceous, first and second joints clothed

with minute blackish hairs, upper angle of second joint much

produced, third joint long and slender, darker towards distal

extremity and end of last annulus brown, but (in typical

specimen at any rate) no sharply defined clove-brown or

black tip to third joint, upper branch of third joint much as

in Rh. denticornis, Wied., not remarkably elongate, and only

about half the length of upper branch in case of foregoing

species. Thorax: dorsum clothed with short buff-yellow

hair (on lateral dark brown marks with brown hair) ; pleure

buff pollinose, clothed with yellowish-white hair; pectus

dark brown, grey pollinose. Abdomen (dorsal surface) : first

segment clothed with ochre-yellow hair,second and following

segments cloth d for most part with minute, appressed,

blackish hairs, sides of second segment also with ochre-

yellow hair; clove-brown band on first segment somewhat

narrower at each side, apex of triangle on second segment

reaching to about the middle, clove-brown blotches on third

segment somewhat triangular in shape (at any rate in typical

specimen), base of each triangle resting on lateral margin of

African Phi. botomis Diptera. 353

segment and its apex pointing towards middle line, the

space separating the apices equal to about one-fourth of

total width of segment, lateral triangles in contact with

front margin of segment for more than half their extent, but

not quite reaching hind margin. Wings: mummy-brown

markings of same type as wing-markings of foregoing species,

bat transverse band not connected with mummy-brown

streak in apex of anal cell, and apical blotch not reaching

posterior branch of third longitudinal vein ; extreme base

and costal cells raw sienna-coloured, proximal extremity of

second costal cell tinged with mummy-brown ; stigma ochra-

ceous, its distal extremity mummy-brown; in proximal half

of wing a mummy-brown blotch extends obliquely across

bases of first and second basal cells and anal cell, and is

narrower in latter, in first basal cell leaving usual minute,

elongate, hyaline streak in extreme base next upper margin;

there is also a transverse mummy-brown streak in apex of

anal cell, next posterior branch of fifth vein ; in distal half

of wing mummy-brown transverse band, starting from hind

margin in fourth posterior cell and overflowing somewhat

into fifth posterior cell, runs obliquely forwards to costa,

along which it is continned into second submarginal cell ;

proximal margin of transverse band runs at first in fifth

posterior cell, nearly parallel to posterior intercalary vein ;

crossing latter and fourth posterior cell at a point about one-

fourth of their length from base, it is indented in discal cell,

and reaches stigma at a point about one-third of the length

of the latter from its proximal extremity; distal margin of

transverse band (in typical specimen at any rate) slightly

sinuous, bulging forwards in first posterior cell, and turning

towards tip of wing just below second longitudinal vein ;

apical blotch reaching not quite half-way into second sub-

marginal cell; costa, auxiliary, and first longitudinal veins

mummy-brown, other veins ochre-yellow or orange-buff,

mummy-brown in portions included in dark markings.

Flalteres : knobs russet-brown, stalks buff. Legs: front coxe

ochraceous-buff, pollinose, clothed with pale yellowish hair;

femora and middle and hind coxe mummy-brown, former

clothed with ochreous hair, tips of femora cinnamon ; front

tibize ochraceous-buff, darker at distal extremity, hind tibize

buff, tawny-ochraceous at extreme tip on inner side (middle

tibize and tarsi wanting in case of type); last four joints of

front tarsi dark brown, first joint brown, lighter (tawny) at

base ; hind tarsi buff, last two joints and extreme tips of

first three joints cinnamon-rufous ; front tibie clothed with

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 24

354 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

minute, appressed, maize-yellow hair, hind tibie and tarsi

clothed with Naples-yellow hair.

Nyasaland Protectorate: West Nyasa, 1909 (Dr. H. S.

Stannus) : presented by the Entomological Research Com-

mittee (Tropical Africa).

Although somewhat resembling the South African Rhino-

myza denticornis, Wied., in the colour of its wing-markings,

Rh. concinna can at once be distinguished by the nature and

character of the markings on the abdomen, on which

longitudinal stripes are entirely absent; the presence of a

clove-brown band on the first abdominal segment, apart

from the dark spot on the face and various differences in

the wing-markings, will serve to distinguish Rh. concinna

from the following species.

Rhinomyza stimulans, sp. n.

?.—Length (1 specimen) 1] mm.; width of head

36 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°5 mm.; length of wing

10°6 mm.

Dorsum of thorax raw-sienna coloured, entirely unicolorous,

without markings ; dorsum of abdomen orange-ochraceous, with

clove-brown markings,—a deep transverse band, not reaching

lateral margins and interrupted in middle line, occupying third

segment and extending on to posterior third of second segment,

and a roughly horseshoe-shaped mark, also not reaching lateral

margins, with concavity directed forwards, occupying fifth and

sixth segments and forming a transverse band on posterior half

of fifth ; wings faintly tinged with sepia, and exhibiting con-

spicuous dark brown markings.

Head: front buff-yellow, sides of face and jowls cream-

buff, occiput smoke-grey ; frontal callus and shining, tumid,

central portion of face ochre-yellow; oeellar spot dark

brown, face unspotted; under surface of head clothed with

pale yellowish hair; proximal joint of palpi buff, terminal

joint ochraceous-buff, clothed on outer side with minute,

appressed, brown or dark tawny hairs; antenne ochraceous-

buff, first and second joints clothed with minute brown hairs,

upper angle of second joint moderately produced, third joint

with apical annuli black and with very long upper branch.

Thorax: dorsum clothed with buff-yellow hair; pleure

and pectus cream-buff, clothed with pale yellowish hair.

Abdomen: dorsum clothed for most part with ochre-yellow

hair, on dark markings with dark brown hair; anterior

margin of interrupted transverse band on second and third

segments curved, with convexity directed forwards, inner

em i ees -s

African Phlebotomic Diptera, 355

margins of band emarginate on third segment (at least in

typical specimen) ; anterior extremities of horseshoe-shaped

mark visible through hind margin of fourth segment (at

least in case of type), so that on a cursory inspection this

segment appears to have two small dark blotches on its

hind margin; venter shining ochraceous-buff, without

markings, clothed with appressed ochre-yellow hair. /Vings :

markings of same general type as in previous species, but

transverse band narrower, and apical blotch reaching

posterior branch of third longitudinal vein ; extreme base

and costal cells mummy-brown, remaining markings and

stigma dark sepia-coloured or clove-brown; ‘remaining

markings ” occupy apex of anal cell, proximal two-fifths of

second basal and rather more than proximal half of first basal

cell, and also include transverse band and its extension along

costa and into second submarginal cell ; first basal cell with

usual, minute, hyaline streak at its extreme base; dark

brown blotch in apex of anal cell slightly overflows sixth

longitudinal vein into axillary cell; transverse band starts

from hind margin of wing in lower distal angle of fifth

posterior cell, passes over posterior transverse vein and is

indented in discal cell, then becomes broader and reaches

costa, its proximal margin meeting second longitudinal

vein slightly basad of distal extremity of auxiliary vein,

and its distal margin, which is indented in first submarginal

cell, meeting second longitudinal vein slightly beyond level

of distal extremity of stigma; from point at which proximal

margin of transverse band meets second longitudinal vein to

distal extremity of marginal cell latter is entirely dark

brown, though (in typical specimen, at any rate) there are

traces of an ill-defined paler area in marginal cell immedi-

ately above space separating transverse band from apical

blotch; from distal extremity of marginal cell, costal

extension of transverse band is continued downwards to

form apical blotch, becoming broader immediately below

second longitudinal vein (its proximal margin crossing

anterior branch of third longitudinal vein at a point about

one-fourth of the length of the branch from its base), and

terminating on posterior branch of third vein ; veins orange-

ochraceous, costa, auxiliary, and first longitudinal vein, and

other veins where covered by dark markings, dark brown or

clove-brown. //alteres: knobs orange-buff, stalks buff.

Legs )uff-yellow or orange-buff ; front tarsi clove-brown,

last three joints and tips of first two joints of middle and

hind tarsi mummy-brown.,

24*

356 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

Northern Nigeria: R. Benue, between Bagana and Lokoja,

March, 1907 (Dr. G. J. Pirie).

The collector’s field-note attached to the type is as

follows :—

“Caught on a sand-bank in the evening, while we were

sitting out by lamp-light: bit a European.”

The present species may be distinguished from the fore-

going (Rh. concinna, Austen) by the absence of markings on

the thorax and of a dark transverse band on the first

abdominal segment, as also by the band on the second (as

well as that on the third) abdominal segment being inter-

rupted in the middle line; as regards the wings, the markings

in the distal half are darker in FRA. stimulans than in

Rh. concinna, while the transverse band is narrower, and

the apical blotch reaches the posterior branch of the third

longitudinal vein, instead of terminating a little before the

middle of the second submarginal cell.

Rhinomyza stimulans is closely allied to a new species of

the same genus found in Southern Nigeria, of which a 9

from Agbabu, S. Nigeria, 23.iv.1909 (Dr. Hannington), is

in the possession of the Liverpool School of Tropical

Medicine. Apart from its larger size (length 13°5 mm.,

Wwing-expanse 26°3 mm.), the Liverpool specimen is dis-

tinguished by its darker colour (dorsum of thorax mummy-

brown), dark brown antennz, shorter and -stouter first

antennal joint, second antennal joint having its upper angle

much more produced (continued into a long point), and, in

the wing, by the brown blotch in the tip of anal cell

extending to the hind margin and fillimg up rather more

than the distal third of the axillary cell. In the shape of

the frontal callus, general pattern of the wing-markings,

and general shape and extent of the dark bands on the

abdomen the two species are alike.

XXXIX.—Deseriptions and Records of Bees—XXXIII.

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado.

Callomelitta turnerorum, sp. n.

? .— Length about 7} mm.

Thorax, legs, and abdomen entirely bright rufo-fulvous ;

head black, with the lower margin of clypeus, labrum, and

the bidentate mandibles ferruginous; antennz fulvous, the

Records of Bees. 357

flagellum thick, its middle sutures somewhat constricted

beneath; eyes large; face narrow, facial quadrangle very

much longer than broad ; hair of face not dense enough to

hide surface, pale, with a silvery lustre and aslight yellowish

tint; clypeus, face, and front strongly and densely punc-

tured; sides of vertex shining, with strong well-separated

punctures ; cheeks small, hardly half diameter of eye ; meso-

thorax and scutellum shining, with distinct well-separated

punctures; scutellum with pale yellowish hair; area of

metathorax broadly triangular, smooth and shining, without

sculpture ; sides of metathorax with two little projecting

points, as in Binghamiella. Legs with thin vate golden

hair; tegule clear rufo-fulvous. Wings hyaline but hairy,

the apex broadly dusky, including apical part of marginal

cell ; stigma 4 pacar ferruginous ; stigma large; lower

section of b. n. gently arched, falling a little short of t.-m. ;

second s.m. much: higher than broad, twice as broad below as

above, and receiving first r. nu. in middle; third s.m. also

higher than broad. Abdomen broad, shining, with sparse

inconspicuous pale yellowish hair; third segment with

evident punctures.

Hab. Cairns, Queensland, “Kur, 3.02” (G@.& R. Turner).

British Museum.

A very distinct species, easily known by its peculiar colour.

It is in some ways intermediate between Callomelitta and

Binghamiella. The metathorax and comparatively small

size suggest Binghamiella, but the venation is different and

more like that of Callomelitta. The peculiar coloration

recalls Lalictus rowlandi and Parasphecodes contaminatus,

also found at Cairns.

Exoneura bicolor, Smith.

Smith based this genus and species on the female only.

E. pictifrons, Alfken, may be its male, it is from 8.W. Aus-

tralia ; and Swan River must apparently be considered the

type locality of E. bicolor, as it is the first of the two localities

cited. .A male in the British Museum from Victoria (0. F.,

Sept. 1901, Turner Collection) may belong to bicolor or to

hamulata—more probably, I think, to the latter, as it has the

scape entirely dark, the first abdominal segment black above,

and the second very largely black. The eyes are extremely

large and prominent, and the face is very narrow, narrower in

the middle than the width of an eye; clypeus pale yellow;

ellow lateral face-marks narrow, not nearly reaching level

of top of clypeus, the black interval between them and clypeus

308 Mr, T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

about as broad as they are ; face and vertex with long black

hair; antennz wholly dark ; flagellum thick, only moderately

long ; abdomen claviform, slender basally ; hind tibia clavi-

form, with a broad black band behind; hind basitarsus thick,

sausage-shaped. There is a fringe of curled dark bristles at

the end of the abdomen, such as may be seen in male

Allodape,

EURYGLOSSIDIA, gen. nov.

Bees superficially resembling Parasphecodes, but with the

tongue Colletes-like in both sexes, and only two submarginal

cells. From Euryglossa they are separated by the venation

of the long and ample wings; lower section of basal nervure

only gently arched, falling only a little short of t.-m. 5; sub-

marginal cells both very long; second s.m. receiving first r. n.

at a distance from its base equal to about half of first t.-c. ;

apteal section of second r.n. vertical, joining second s.m. a

short distance from end, the angle formed a right angle;

second s.m. narrowed above, the second t.-c. forming less than

a right angle on outer side with marginal; lower side of

first_s.m, almost straight ; stigma longer. Hind spur of

female with four long slender dark spines, the other spurs

minutely spinulose ; feu of hind tibial scopa long-branched.

Palpi essentially as in Huryglossa, except that the joints

of the maxillary palpi are much longer, and the last joint is

much longer than the penultimate.

Smith described two Australian bees as Scrapter bicolor

and S. carinata. The name bicolor being preoccupied, it was

altered by Dalla Torre to auséraliensis. WVachal, in 1897,

proposed a generic name Smithia for these bees, but did not

give any generic characters, and apparently acted simply

irom a sense of the improbability of the Australian insects

belonging to Serapter. Smithia being preoccupied, W. A.

Schulz in 1906 substituted Melittosmithia.

There can be little doubt, 1 think, that these are Eury-

glossine bees. No type for Smithia or Melittosmithia has

been designated; I therefore name carinata (Smith), the first

species cited by Schulz, as the type.

This insect seems from the description to be related to

Euryglossa froggattiana, Ckll., which is by no means a typical

Luryglossa, Melittosmithia, thus interpreted, is quite distinct

from Euryglossidia, but it may be that the other species,

australiensis, belongs to the latter genus.

Records of Bees. 559

Euryglossidia rectangulata, sp. n.

9 —Length about 8 mm.

Head and thorax black, quite hairy ; abdomen very bright

chestnut-red, with a large round black spot on each side of

second segment ; femora black, with the knees ferruginous ;

tibiw and tarsi ferruginous, more or less suffused with dusky ;

tegulz ferruginous. Wings pale reddish, stigma and nervures

ferruginous. Head broad; mandibles dark, strongly grooved ;

clypeus shining, with strong sparse punctures ; supraclypeal

area shining, punctured only at sides; sides of face shining,

but front and vertex dull and granular ; no definable facial

fovew ; hair of cheeks and underside of thorax greyish white ;

hair of face partly fuscous and partly pale, of vertex behind

ocelli long and dark fuscous ; flagellum dull red beneath ;

mesothorax and scutellum dull, minutely tessellate, with

scattered very weak punctures ; hair of thorax above greyish,

mixed with dark fuscous; metathorax essentially as in Lury-

glossa, the basal area large, triangular, dull and rough basally,

more shining beyond ; scopa of hind femora white, but the

large plumose scopa of hind tibie grey ; hind basitarsus

longer than the other joints together. Abdomen smooth and

shining, the hair at apex strongly stained with fuscous.

6.—Much more slender; the abdomen claviform, slender

basally ; the abdomen is variably suffused with black and

has a faint purple lustre, the second segment is the least

darkened ; stigma and nervures rufo-fuscous; face broad;

clypeus covered with white hair ; flagellum long, very obscure

reddish beneath ; ocelli prominent.

Hab. Victoria (C. F., Feb. 1901; Turner Collection) ;

39,2 g. A female is the type.

#. rectangulata is the type of the genus. Another species

is Euryglossidia ichneumonoides (Euryglossa ichneumonoides,

CkIl., 1906).

Megachile kurandensis, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 8} mm.

A short broad species, the anterior tarsi simple but robust,

with long pale fulvous hair behind. Black; ventral pubes-

cence of head and thorax white, a very large thick beard on

lower side of cheeks; face densely covered with golden-

fulvous hair ; vertex with long black hair; head ordinary ;

mandibles and antenne black; hair of thorax above and

pleura mainly black (long on scutellum), but fulvous on

tubercles, at corners of mesothorax, in scutello-mesothoracic

360 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

suture, and behind scutellum; mesothorax well punctured,

the punctures separate ; tegule piceous. Wings dusky in

marginal cell and throughout the apical region ; b. n. not

reaching t.-m.; second s.m. a little broader below than first.

Legs ordinary, inner side of tarsi, and of tibiz more or less,

with fox-red hair. Abdomen with pale fulvous hair (like

that of metathorax) at base; segments 2 to 4 with apical

bands of bright golden-fulvous or golden-orange hair, fifth

with about the apical two-thirds covered with such hair, and

sixth entirely covered; margin of sixth very obtusely bi-

nodulose ; no ventral spine; anterior coxe unarmed, but

with a large tuft of hair.

This may be compared with WM. sequior, Ckll., but the

latter has a pair of well-developed teeth on the sixth abdo-

minal segment.

Hab. Kuranda, Cairns, Queensland, Jan. 1902 (Turner).

British Museum.

Megachile eucalypti, sp. n.

9? .—Length about 10 mm.

Black, parallel-sided, with the last three abdominal seg-

ments clothed with scale-like fulvous hair, which is so distri-

buted that the surface appears minutely black-speckled, the

tegument showing through; head large, facial quadrangle

longer than broad; mandibles black, quadridentate; clypeus

low and broad, strongly and very densely punctured, the

lower margin shining, and slightly crenulate; sides of face

with much white hair; flagellum obscurely reddish beneath ;

vertex densely and strongly punctured; thorax with four

small but very dense and conspicuous tufts of white hair, one

at each side of prothorax and one at each posterior corner of

mesothorax ; tubercles also with a dense white tuft, and one

behind and a little below wings; mesothorax and scutellum

strongly, extremely densely punctured; tegule piceous.

Wings slightly dusky, with a darker streak in marginal cell ;

second s.m. very long. Legs ordinary; spurs pale. First

abdominal segment with a conspicuous patch of white hair

on each side; first three segments with apical, greyish,

slightly fulvous-tinted hair-bands, that on first failing

laterally ; ventral scopa entirely white.

3 .—Length about 84 mm.

Long and narrow, in most respects like the female; face

densely covered with shining white hair; thoracic hair-spots

smaller or even absent; vertex, mesothorax, and scutellum

with a good deal of dark fuscous hair; flagellum long and

Records of Bees. 361

slender; anterior femora with long white hair behind and

yellowish white in front, and hencalll with a very well-defined

oblique band of pure white felt or tomentum ; anterior tibise

reddish brown in front and near base, very thick, bulging

and almost angular behind, posteriorly with an even brush-

like fringe of fulvous-tinted hair; the inner edge of the

anterior femora has a white tegumentary band, while the

tibie, seen from within, are shining white, with a black

margin, the apical end pe fulvous ; anterior tarsi very

extraordinary, being broadly expanded, the main part of the

joints black, with a short silvery hair-fringe in front, but the

expanded lamina white, with a broad black stripe along the

eeu margin; the expanded white part of the third joint

ooks greyish exteriorly, having on the inner side a very large

long-oval black spot ; ferruginous claws are almost sessile on

this great expanded structure; anterior coxe with much

white hair, but no spines, their trochanters beneath red ;

middle and hind knees red, their tibia more or less reddish,

their tarsi entirely red ; no band on first abdominal segment ;

sixth segment obtusely binodulose, the small nodules close

together; no ventral spines.

This species resembles JM. nigrovittata, Ckll., and A. mo-

desta, Sm. The male is easily known by the extraordinary

anterior legs. The female is known from such species as

M. rhodura, Ckll., and M. gilbertiella, Ckll., by having the

red or orange colour of the apex of the abdomen wholly due

to hair.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland ; female at flowers of Eucalyptus,

Dec. 1899 (Zurner, 291) ; males, April 1899 and Sept. 1900

(Turner, 5a). British Museum.

Megachile serricauda, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 8 mm.

A short, rather robust insect, resembling the group of

M. macularis, sequior, cygnorum, and kurandensis, but the

thorax without hair-spots, and the margin of the sixth abdo-

minal segment strongly but irregularly dentate or serrate,

with a rounded central emargination. Black, with the dorsal

pubescence fulvous and the ventral white; face densel

covered with golden-fulvous hair; mandibles black, faintly

reddish hie 5 the apex, very hairy ; eyes green; antenna

black ; vertex closely punctured, but shining; mesothorax

and scutellum dull, very densely and minutely punctured ;

fulvous hair of thorax abundant. Legs ordinary, except that

the very hairy anterior basitarsus has a large, deep, hairless

362 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

excavation or groove on the inner side ; anterior coxe with

strong but only moderately long black spines; middle and

posterior tarsi with long white hair; tegulz fuscous, paler at

sides. Wings somewhat dusky. Abdomen shining, the

hind margins of the segments with dense entire fulvous hair-

bands ; fifth segment with much fulvous hair basally, sixth

covered with fulvous hair above, except apically ; no ventral

spine.

Compared with IZ. kurandensis, the antenne are shorter in

proportion and the ocelli are quite different. In kurandensis

the ocelli are close together and the interocellar distance is

less than that from lateral ocelli to eye or from ocelli to

occipital margin, the vertex being broad. In J. serricauda

the ocelli are wide apart, the interocellar distance being a

little greater than the distance from ocelli to eye and much

greater than that to occipital margin.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, May 1900 (Turner). British

Museum.

Megachile gilbertiella, sp. n. (vel apicata, subsp. ?).

? .—Length about 8 mm.

Black, parallel-sided, with the tegument of the fifth abdo-

minal segment and rather more than the apical half of the

fourth bright ferruginous; ventral scopa white, fulvous on

apical segment; anterior margin of clypeus with two widely

separated short teeth and a slight prominence in the middle

between them.

This is certainly very close to M. apicata, Smith, but does

not wholly agree with the description, and is from a very

different locality. ‘There is also some resemblance to JZ.

stalker?, Ckll., but comparison of types brings out important

differences.

Head large ; mandibles black ; clypeus densely punctured ;

face and cheeks with white hair; flagellam dark brownish

beneath ; front and vertex with strong and dense but distinct

punctures; mesothorax and scutellum with similar punctures,

shining between them; white thoracic hair-spots as in J/,

eucalyptt ; tegule very dark. Wings rather dusky ; second

sm. very long. Legs ordinary, with white hair, that on

inner side of tarsi yellowish. Abdomen shining, strongly

punctured ; first segment with a triangular patch of dense

white hair on each side; second to tourth segments with

marginal hair-bands, broad and white at sides, linear and

nore or less yellowish in the middle; bases of segments also

Records of Bees. 363

with pale hair; scale-like hair peppered over the last two

segments fulvous.

Hab, Cooktown, Queensland, Oct. 1902 (Gilbert Turner).

British Museum.

Megachile oculipes, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 10 mm.

Black, parallel-sided, rather narrow; hair of head and

thorax white except on the broad vertex, where it is fulvous ;

head broad ; eyes green, stained with blood-red; abundant

hair of face greyish white; lower edge of clypeus with two

small teeth; mandibles black, tridentate; vertex and front

coarsely granular or rugoso-punctate ; scape short, entirely

bright ferruginous; flagellum long and slender, black above,

ferruginous beneath except tle last three joints ; mesothorax

and scutellum densely rugoso-punctate ; little tufts of white

hair on tubercles and posterior angles of mesothorax, but not

forming conspicuous spots ; hair of cheeks beneath abundant

and pure white; tegula brown. Wings hyaline ; a fuscous

streak in marginal cell. Anterior cox apparently spined

(the insect is carded, and they are hard to see) ; anterior

femora red in front and behind, with much white hair; their

tibie entirely bright red; their tarsi clear red, basally with

long reddish (the first two or three black) hairs behind, and

beyond that with a very large oval lobe, which is white, with

a grey centre, simulating an eye; the grey centre is, of

course, represented by a black spot beneath (compare MV. euca-

lypti.; middle femora red in front ; their tibia thick, red,

with a broad black band behind; their tarsi very thick,

black, except the apex of the last joint, with the claws; hind

legs black, the tarsi thick; hind spurs piceous. Abdomen

shining, strongly punctured, base with loose white hair;

hind margins of first three segments with white bair-bands ;

black parts (especially fourth segment) with short black hair;

apical segments with silvery hair, not dense; margin of sixth

segment truncate.

Known by the structure of the front legs and the end of

the abdomen without red. The colour of the middle tibiz,

scape, &c. readily separate it from M, vestitor, Ckll., lineatipes,

Ckll. and latipes, Sm.

Hab. Townsville, Queensland, 12. 2. 03 (fF. P. Dodd).

Turner Collection; British Museum.

364 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Megachile lineatipes, sp. n.

¢.—Length about 10 mm.

Black, broad and robust ; eyes green, converging below;

face covered with long cream-coloured hair; mandibles

black ; vertex densely punctured, its hair partly fuscous ;

antenne black; hair of thorax white below, greyish white

above, long and black on disc of scutellum and largely black

on mesothorax; mesothorax and scutellum very densely

rugoso-punctate ; tegule piceous. Wings dusky. Anterior

coxe with long curved black spines, which are reddish at

extreme tip ; anterior part of coxa yellowish, with a comb of

four long ferruginous linear spines; anterior femora ferru-

ginous (blackened behind apically), greatly flattened and

expanded, sharply keeled below, and obtusely angulate

toward base, the basal half of the broad inner surface with

fine zebra-like black lines or stripes; their tibie trigonal,

very short and thick, the outer surface (except the anterior

apical corner very broadly) black or nearly, the inner apical

margin blackened; their tarsi cream-colour, flattened and

expanded, with an oval reddish lobe about the middle ante-

riorly, and behind with a long pale fringe, the hairs fuscous-

tipped ; on the inner edge (especially on the basitarsus) is a

fringe of stiff black hairs; the other legs are black, with

white hair, yellowish on inner side of tarsi ; hind tarsi very

thick; spurs black. Abdomen short, with black hair, white

and loose on first segment; segments 2 to 4 with narrow

white hair-bands ; apical half of fifth segment in middle, and

sixth above, except apically, clothed with pale fulvous hair;

sixth with two very strong teeth or spines, wide apart; no

ventral spine.

Readily separated from M. latipes, Sm., by the two sharp

teeth at end of abdomen. It is really much closer to M. chry-

sopyga, but has the anterior tarsal lobe paler and much more

reduced than in that species. It is even nearer to MJ. phena-

copyga, but distinct by the anterior legs.

Hab. Kuranda, Cairns, Queensland, Jan. 1902 (Turner).

British Museum.

The specimen is also marked E, which may refer to the

collector.

Megachile sericercauda, sp. n.

$ —Length 9-104 mm.

Black, without any red at apex of abdomen ; eyes doubtless

Records of Bees. 365

red in life, in the dry state reddish grey; facial quadrangle

much longer than broad, little narrowed below ; face densely

covered with fulvous hair; mandibles black ; labial palpi

with first joint robust and dark, the others pallid; cheeks

broad, with much white hair below; antenne black, flagellum

long ; vertex broad, with dark fuscous hair; punctures of

vertex small and dense on each side of ocelli, larger and

sparser (the shining surface showing) posteriorly; meso-

thorax densely and coarsely punctured ; hair of thorax white,

without any yellow tint, shining silvery on scutellum, but

black or dark fuscous on anterior middle of mesothorax ;

tegule piceous. Wings strongly dusky, upper half of mar-

ginal cell fuliginous. Legs black, with white hair; anterior

tarsi simple, hair on inner side of tarsi yellowish ; anterior

coxe simple, very hairy; hind spurs black. Abdomen

shining, with very large distinct punctures; hair short and

black, loose and white at base of first segment; a dense

triangular patch of pure white hair at each side of first

segment (compare M. gilbertiella) ; no hair-bands ; middle of

sixth segment with appressed silky-white hair, and a little of

the same on fifth; margin of sixth very obtusely bilobed,

the actual margin of sixth (beneath) has a pair of angular

projections; last ventral with a broad whitish margin.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland (Turner). British Museum.

The type is marked 10a, and was taken in Sept. 1900.

Others were taken in October 1901.

Easily known from J. austent, CkIl., by the large distinct

punctures of the abdomen.

The following table separates several males in which the

apex of the abdomen is not red (although in /ineatipes there

is a pale fulvous hair-patch) :—

Anterior tarsi greatly modified .......... Prt 1.

Anterior tarsi simple; sixth abdominal segment

NE WATE oso. do oie dnc a csinr dt hehe uhnenes

1, Middle tibiae Paty red in front; scape bright red. oculipes, Ckll.

Middle tibie dar 2.

2. Sixth abdominal segment with a median sharp

ins tanks <i wore oN SMES Rae KiveKe vestitor, Ckll.

Sixth segment without such a point............ ,

8. Sixth segment with two sharp teeth .......... lineatipes, Ckll.

Sixth segment without such teeth ............ latipes, Sm.

4, Abdomen with large distinct punctures ........ sericetcauda, Ckll.

Abdomen with small indistinct punctures ...... austeni, Ckll,

366 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

Trigona longipes, Smith.

T have a Brazilian specimen from F. Smith’s collection. T

believe there is no doubt that Smith’s dongipes of 1854 and

1863 are the same insect; hence the name dongicrus, Dalla

Torre, falls as a synonym.

Trigona laboriosa, Smith.

A specimen from Smith’s collection appears to me to be

identical with 7. fulviventris, Guér., as represented by Baker

at Belize. 1’. daboriosa was described from Panama.

Trigona guiane, sp. n.

Worker.—Length about 7 mm.; anterior wing about 7 mm.

Head and thorax black ; abdomen exceedingly shiny, the

dorsal surface very dark brown, without hair; legs black, the

last tarsal joint reddish, that of hind legs clear ferruginous.

Head large, face broad; sides of face greyish-white pruinose ;

no pale markings on head or thorax ; mandibles dark reddish,

strongly dentate; cheeks (except below, where they are

shining) densely covered with grey tomentum; clypeus and

front shining ; antenne black or almost above, pale ferru-

ginous beneath, including scape; mesothorax and scutellum

shining ; thorax with scanty short whitish tomentum, more

abundant at sides of metathorax, but vertex, mesothorax, and

scutellum with erect black hair; tegule piceous, faintly

reddish. Wings uniformly yellowish dusky, not dark, stigma

and nervures pale honey-colour. Knees slightly reddish ;

legs with black hair; hind tibiz slender at base, gradually

widening to the broadly truncate end.

Hab. Guiana. British Museum, 96. 238.

T. mombuco, Sm., has the same grey cheeks, but the an-

tenne are dark, the posterior margin of the hind tibia is more

convex, and the third and fourth abdominal segments are

mainly ferruginous. T. fuse/pennis, Friese, is also allied, but

differs by the dark antenne and the dark basal part of wings.

I do not know how to separate fuseipennis from amalthea,

Oliv.; at least an amalthea from Smith’s collection seems to

be the same as fuscipennis from Venezuela (Kummerow),

received from the Berlin Museum.

On a new Genus and Species of Solifuge. 367

XL.— On a new Genus and Species of the Order Solifuge

from Algeria. By 8. Hirst.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

BARRELLA, gen. nov.

Anterior margin of head-plate only slightly curved and

furnished on either side of the ocular tubercle with a series of

five strong spines, which are placed on a slight eminence.

Ocular tubercle only slightly prominent in front and furnished

with a number of strong anterior spines and a few bristles

also. Inner surface of chelicera smooth and devoid of stridu-

latory ridges; in the male a membranous plate and a rather

narrow membranous flagellum are present, and the dorsal

surface of the immovable finger has a forwardly-directed

process. Tibia of maxillipalp in the male with a swelling

on the inner side, which is armed with spines and strong

spiniform bristles. ‘Tarsi of the legs each with a single

segment.

Barrella walsinghami, sp. n.

3 .— Head-plate convex and a little wider than long, the

anterior margin almost straight, and furnished on either side

of the ocular tubercle with an oblique series of five strong diver-

gent spines, which are of equal length and are situated on a

Fig. 1.—Anterior end of head-plate of male from above.

Fig. 2,—Chelicera of male from inner side. (The hairs on the wing-

shaped plate are not shown.)

Fig. 1. Fig. 2.

Barrella walsinghami, sp. n.

slight common elevation. Ocular tubercle of fairly large size

and projecting well in front of the anterior margin of the

head-plate ; its anterior surface is only very slightly promi-

nent, and bears seven strong spines and two or three fine

bristles as well (fig. 1).

368 On a new Genus and Species of Solifuge.

Abdomen.—Third segment furnished, on either side of the

stigmata, with a transverse series of curved spines (five in

number on each side in perfect specimens ?), some of which

are much stouter than the others. Fourth segment with a

transverse series of fine sete.

Chelicera furnished with two strong spines at the side

above. Immovable finger strongly curved at the end; its

edge is armed- with a series of about twelve minute teeth,

commencing at a considerable distance from the point ; the

first (front) tooth is the largest and the fourth is the next

largest; the anterior of the two intermediate teeth is very

minute. Dorsal process of immovable finger slender and

much shorter than the terminal part of the finger. Edge of

movable finger furnished in the middle with two slight and

inconspicuous teeth, which are placed at some distance from

one another,

A thin, hairy, wing-shaped plate is present on the inner

side of the chelicera ; the flagellum, which arises just below

this plate, is shorter than it, and is rather narrow and shaped

rather like a horn (fig. 2).

Mazillipalp.—TYarsus unarmed and fairly short. Tibia

shorter than the patella and swollen on the inner side, the

swelling being furnished with seven or eight spines, which,

with the exception of the two upper ones, are rather long;

another fairly long spine is present a little in front of the

others at a short distance from the apex of the segment.

Colour yellowish; ocular tubercle black ; abdomen appa-

rently a little darkened both above and below; patella, tibia,

and tarsus of maxillipalp pale brown, the tibia and tarsus

being a little darker than the patella ; distal end of the femur

and the patella of the fourth leg also pale brown in colour.

Size.—Length of the body 11:25 mm.

Material_—A single male example, captured near Biskra,

Algeria, in 1903 by Lord Walsingham.

Remarks.—This new genus is closely allied to the Egyptian

genus Barrus and to the genus RAinippus, Werner (in-

habiting Asia Minor), each of which contains only a single

species. It differs from Barrus in having the anterior mar-

gin almost straight and in having the spines of the head-plate

placed on a slight eminence, their bases being situated close

together. From Rhinippus it differs in the larger number of

the spines on the ocular tubercle, in the presence of spines on

the lead-plate, and in the possession of a flagellum.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australastan Pentatomide. 369

XLI.—Rhynchotal Notes.—LIU. By W. L. Distant.

Australasian Pentatomide.

KuMBUTHA, gen. nov.

Head large, about as long as broad, the lateral margins

oblique, slightly sinuate, the apex subtruncate, slightly

rounded, the apical area distinctly foveately depressed ; eyes

substylate, a little curved backward, situate at or very near

base ; antenn five-jointed, basal joint stout, not reaching

apex of head, second and third subequal in length, third

stouter than second, both shorter than fourth and fifth,

which are stouter and also subequal in length; pronotum

longer than head, anterior margin and posterior margin

before scutellum truncate, lateral margins almost straightly

oblique, distinctly and somewhat broadly grooved, more dis-

tinctly so anteriorly, the anterior angles moderately, lami-

nately, convexly produced; scutellum not quite reaching the

abdominal apex, slightly sinuate near base, the apex broadly

rounded ; corium exposed for about half the length of

scutellum; connexivum exposed for the posterior half;

rostrum slightly passing the posterior coxe ; abdomen short ;

femora slightly incrassated ; tarsi three-jointed, third joint

about as long as first and second together.

I do not know any very close ally of this genus. It may

be placed in the neighbourhood of Phimodera.,

Kumbutha quadrinotata, sp. n.

Head coarsely punctate, black, with fine obscure oblong

brownish-ochraceous spots—three near base and two near

apex; pronotum thickly coarsely punctate, pale ochraceous,

a large transverse subquadrate spot on each side of anterior

area, a fine central longitudinal line, on each side of which

on posterior half is an oblique line followed by a small spot

between it and the posterior angle, piceous or black, on the

disk two central small shining stramineous levigate spots,

the anterior and lateral margins also very narrowly of the

same colour; scutellum thickly coarsely punctate, pale

ochraceous, much mottled with blackish, especially in the

central and posterior lateral areas, on each side of base near

basal angles a small narrow longitudinal shining stramineous

levigate spot; exposed corium pale ochraceous, thickly

darkly punctate; antenne black, the first and second joints

brownish ochraceous ; body beneath blackish, abdomen with

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 25

370 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

a marginal segmental series of small ochraceous spots ;

femora black, their extreme apices and the tibize and tarsi

ochraceous, bases of tibize and apices cf tarsi blackish ; other

structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 33 mm.

Hab. Queensland ; Townsville.

IpPaTHA, gen. nov.

Body ovate, moderately convex; head large, broader than

long, as long or almost as long as the pronotum, the lateral

margins obliquely convex, a little ampliately refiexed, the

lateral lobes a little longer than the central lobe and almost

meeting beyond it ; eyes prominent, a little upwardly and

backwardly directed, at base between the eyes moderately

convexly tumid; antennz inserted about midway between

lateral margins and rostrum and considerably before eyes,

five-jointed, basal joint not reaching apex of head, second,

third, fourth, and fifth joints almost subequal in length ;

rostrum reaching the posterior coxz, buccule almost reaching

base of head; pronotum twice as broad as long, anterior

margin straightly truncate, lateral margins straightly oblique

and moderately ampliately recurved, posterior margin nearly

straight, the disk anteriorly deflected; scutellum almost

reaching the abdominal apex, considerably longer than broad,

lateral margins nearly straight, apex rounded, marginal area

of corium exposed outside two-thirds the length of scutellum ;

connexivum exposed at about one-third from base to apex;

orifices small, not continued in a longitudinal sillon ; femora

moderately thickened, the anterior femora a little curved ;

tarsi three-jointed, posterior tarsi with the basal joint about

as long as second and third together. Wangs with the veins

“ primaria et subtensa,” subparallel; hamus absent.

A genus of Graphosomatine, with no immediate ally ; the

large rounded head is a very distinctive character.

‘Type, I. australiensis, Dist.

Ippatha australiensis, sp. n.

Ochraceous, fasciated with black ; head above (excluding

lateral areas), pronotum with a transverse fascia before

middle on each side continued backward to base near

posterior angles, scutellum with two central longitudinal

fascie which are moderately narrowed at apices, a longi-

tudinal fascia on each side of exposed corium adjoining

scutellum and which is more narrowly continued on inner

margin of connexivum, head beneath with a longitudinal

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomidey. 371

median fascia, a submarginal longitudinal fascia extending

from behind eyes to apex of abdomen, a central longitudinal

fascia to sternum and abdomen, coxe, femora excluding

apices and rostrum, black ; antennz testaceous, second and

third joints subequal in length, fourth and fifth also subequal

but a little longer and thicker than the two preceding joints ;

above and beneath distinctly, coarsely, somewhat sparsely

punctate, some levigate macular areas at base of scutellum ;

tibiz finely setose ; other structural characters as in generic

diagnosis.

Long. 9} mm.

Hab. North Australia; Alexandria (W. Stalker, Brit.

Mus.,), Centr. Australia; Hermannsburg (//. J. Hillier, Brit.

Mus.).

Ippatha ornata, sp. n.

Head above black, thickly punctate, the lateral and apical

margins narrowly ochraceous ; eyes piceous ; prounotum pale

ochraceous, darkly punctate, the anterior margin palely levi-

gate, behind which is a transverse black fascia laterally and

posteriorly palely levigately margined, the lateral marginal

areas are distinctly laminately reflexed and behind eyes im-

punctate; scutellum black, thickly coarsely punctate, with

three longitudinal pale ochraceous fascie#, one central, the

others lateral, the central levigate, the lateral sparsely

irregularly puuctate; the exposed corium pale ochraceous,

darkly punctate ; body beneath black, more or less thickly

finely punctate ; lateral margins of sternum and abdomen, a

sublateral fascia on each side of abdomen, acctabula and the

cox very pale ochraceous, levizate, excepting the acetabula

which are darkly punctate ; legs testaceous, femora more

darkly macularly punctate; rostrum testaceous, its apex

piceous and reaching the posterior cox ; antenuz testaceous,

second joint longer than third, fourth and fifth longest and

subequal in length.

Long. 54 mm.

Hab. Queensland; Peak Downs.

Genus DANDINUS.

Dandimus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat, Hist. (7) xiii. p. 264 (1904).

Testricoides, Schout. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xlix, p, 144 (1905) ; id. in

Wytsm. Gen, Ins. fase. 30, p. 26 (1905).

Dr. Schouteden, to whom we are indebted for an excellent

revision of the Graphosomatine, placed his genus in that

subfamily of the Pentatomide; I had previously placed it in

25*

372 Mr. W.L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

the Pentatomine, led thereunto by carded specimens only.

When the wings of many Pentatomine are examined we

may expect more inclusions into the Graphosomatinz, which

is at present, with many genera, a somewhat difficult problem,

if the wing-neuration is to be the dominant factor.

Dandinus crassus.

Dandinus craseus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xiii. p. 265 (1904).

Testricoides pulcherrimus, Schout. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xlix. p. 144

(1905); id. in Wytsm. Gen. Ins. fase. 30, p. 26, pl. ii. f. 8 (1905).

Hab. Queensland, Townsville (Dodd, Brit. Mus.), Victoria

( fide Schouteden).

The British Museum possesses a second species from

Hermannsburg, Central Australia, of a testaceous coloration,

but not in sufficiently good condition for description.

DipPILANA, gen. nov.

Head almost as long as broad, considerably narrowed

anteriorly, but with the apex broad, subtruncate, the lateral

lobes passing the central lobe, but not meeting beyond it,

their apices broad, obliquely truncate, lateral margins a little

reflexed, oblique, very slightly sinuate, basal area distinctly

gibbous; ocelli near eyes, well separated from base; eyes

moderately large, not extending beyond the anterior pronotal

angles ; antennz robust, five-jointed, inserted a little nearer

to apex than to eyes, first joint thickened, attenuated at base,

moderately curved, about as long as head but extending far

beyond it, second joint small, scarcely more than half the

length of first, third longest, fourth a little longer than fifth ;

pronotum half as long as broad at base, lateral margins

oblique, scarcely sinuate, anterior third obscurely crenulate,

posterior angle subangulate and subprominent, anterior

margin concave, posterior margin truncate before scutellum ;

scutellum longer than broad, apical area narrowed and sub-

angularly rounded ; corium almost as long as scutellum and

pronotum together, costal margin distinctly moderately con-

vexly rounded, its apical angle truncate; membrane small,

about half the length of corium, veins prominent and longi-

tudinal ; rostrum just passing the posterior coxe, first joint

reaching base of head, second joint reaching the anterior

trochanters, third distinctly longer than fourth ; abdomen

beneath distinctly centrally sulcate near base; legs of

moderate length, posterior tarsi with the basal joint about as

long as second and third joints together ; odoriferous aperture

short, transverse, angulate exteriorly.

This genus may be placed near Pacilotoma, Dall.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 373

Dippilana membranacea, sp. n.

Head above ochraceous, with four longitudinal series of

brownish punctures; eyes black ; antenne dull deep ochra-

ceous, very shortly finely pilose; pronotum ocbraceous, thickly

coarsely punctate, the punctures alittle less dense on central

disk, where there is a central longitudinal impunctate fascia

and a narrower oblique impunctate fascia before each lateral

margin, the region of the cicatrices also transversely ochra-

ceous, impunctate ; scutellum coarsely brownly punctate, a

central fascia not reaching apex, a spot at each basal angle,

the lateral margins (narrowly) and the apex (broadly)

ochraceous, impunctate ; corium coarsely brownly punctate ;

membrane pale brownish with the veins very broadly black ;

body beneath and legs pale ochraceous; cox, prosternum,

and metasternum punctate; mesosternum with a longitudinal

sublateral cluster of black punctures on each side; legs

closely finely speckled with testaceous, pilose beneath.

Long. =e, mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 8 mm.

Hab. 8. Centr. Australia ; Killalpanima, 100 miles E, of

L. Eyre H. J. Hillier, Brit. "Mus.).

Morirtua, gen. nov.

Closely allied to Alceus, Dall., but differing principally

by the antennz, in which the second joint is not about half

the length of the first, but nearly twice as long and flattened

and roundly ampliate at base, third joint shorter than second,

remaining G joints or joint mutilated in type.

Type, M. hermannsburgi, Dist.

Muritha hermannsburgi, sp. 0.

Body above very pale testaceous, more or less thickly

punctured and mottled with black ; head about as long as

pronotum, elongate, gradually narrowing at apical area, the

lateral lobes passing the central lobe, but not meeting beyond

it, and forming two acute spines at the apex of the head;

lateral margins sinuate, somewhat sparsely darkly punctate,

the cefitral basal area of the middle lobe impunctate ;

antenue with the basal joint gradually thickened towards

apex and slightly curved, a little shorter than the head but

extending far beyond its apex, pale testaceous punctured

with black, second joint about twice as long as first, mode-

rately flattened and roundly ampliate for nearly its basal third,

black, with a broad testaceous blackly punctate annulation

before middle, third joint about one-third shorter than

374 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

second, black with its base pale testaceous, remaining joint

or joints mutilated in type; pronotum thickly blackly

punctate, a distinct impunctate spot at middle of anterior

area, lateral margins strongly concavely sinuate and shortly

dentate, the posterior angles slightly produced with a short

acute spine at their apices ; scutellum a little shorter than

breadth of pronotum at base, a little gibbous on basal area,

after which it is distinctly transversely depressed, irregularly

blackly punctate, centrally longitudinally, more or less dis-

tinctly impunctate ; corium more or less thickly blackly

punctate, with a short narrow oblique discal impunctate

fascia; membrane testaceous, the veins reticulate and black ;

body beneath and legs paler than above, somewhat sparsely

blackiy punctate, two black fascize at middle of mesosternum ;

rostrum with its apex black and reaching apex of second

abdominal segment, basal joint not passing base of head,

second joint longer than the third and fourth joints together ;

abdomen finely centrally longitudinally sulcate for about its

basal half; tibiz a little more sparsely blackly punctate than

the femora.

Long. 153 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 8 mm.

Hab. Centr. Australia; Hermannsburg (//. J. Hillier,

Bnit. Mus.).

Genus THESEUS.

Theseus, Stil, Ofy. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1867, p. 508.

Type, 7. modestus, Stal.

Theseus lyricus.

Spudeus lyricus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iv. p. 424 (1899).

Hab. N.W. Australia.

Theseus turneri, sp. 0.

g. In structure and colour closely allied to T. lyricus,

Dist., differing by the antennz, which are brownish ochra-

ceous, third joint piceous and distinctly shorter than second,

not second and third joints almost subequal in length as

in 7. lyricus; scutellum longer, the apex more elongate,

ochraceous and levigate ; abdomen beneath with the sub-

lateral black margins broader and the abdominal margins

also irregularly black; male anal segment much produced

beyond the apex of the abdomen, its lateral angles very

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 375

prominent, with their outer margins longly pilose ; pronotum

darkly punctate, but withont the two dark central fasciz.

Long. 13 mm.; exp. pronot. ang]. 64 mm.

Hab, Queensland; Mackay (R. E£. Turner, Brit. Mus.).

Theseus scutellatus, sp. n.

Stramineous, more or less thickly blackly punctate ; head,

auterior area of pronotum, basal area of scutellum, apical

area of corium and conuexivum ochraceous; body beneath

and legs ochraceous ; head beneath and a broad lateral fascia

to steruum thickly darkly punctate ; head with a sublateral

pale line parallel with the insertion of the antennz; pro-

sternum with a black submarginal line, not reaching base ;

abdomen with a distinct sublateral fascia on each side, pitchy

black ; antenne pale stramineous punctured with black, the

third and fourth joints more darkly so, but with their bases

impunctate, first joint moderately curved, considerably

passing apex of head, second, third, and fourth joints almost

subequal in length (fifth joint mutilated in specimen de-

scribed) ; head as long as pronotum, the central lobe with

two black converging lines on its posterior half, inner ocular

and basal areas more or less impunctate; pronotum with a

straight central longitudinal and a sublateral waved oblique

line on each side, pale levigate, the lateral margins a little

obscurely dentately sinuate behind eyes, posterior angles

subangularly prominent; scutellum with the basal area a

little raised and centrally longitudinally foveately impressed,

posteriorly continued by two ceutral raised levigate lines not

reaching apex; corium with a maculate patch of black

punctures near its apical margin; membrane hyaline with

iridescent reflections ; connexivum with a small black line

and spot margining the incisures ; rostrum reaching the apex

of the second abdominal segment, first joint not extending

behind the bucculz, second and third joints subequal in

length; legs stramineous, more or less punctured with

piceous, anterior and intermediate tibiz almost impunctate

on basal areas, posterior legs mutilated in type.

Long. 12 mm.

Hab. Queensland; Townsville (odd, Brit. Mus.).

A species to be recognized by the structure of the scutel-

lum, the sinuately subdentate anterior lateral margins of the

pronotum, the pale hyaline membrane, &c. ‘This species

will doubtless by some systematists be considered entitled

to subgeneric rank.

376 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

Genus AUSTROMALAYA.

Spudeus, Dall. List Hem. i. pp. 151 & 168 (1851) (nom. preoce. ).

Austromalaya, Kirk, Entomologist, 1908, p. 124 (nom. nov.).

Type, A. reticulata, Westw.

Austromalaya souefi, sp. 1.

Greenish ochraceous, irregularly, sometimes sparsely

coarsely darkly punctate, apex of scutellum distinctly paler ;

corium considerably mottled with purplish, more especially

on apical half; tegmina very pale fuliginous, with the veins

darker ; body beneath and legs very pale ochraceous ; head

beneath, lateral areas of prosternum, and acetabular regions

of the mesosternum coarsely blackly punctate, some sub-

lateral black punctures to the metasternum ; apical areas of

the femora blackly punctate, tibiz ornamented with detached

black lines arranged in pairs; antenne with the first and

second joints greenish ochraceous, streaked longitudinally

with black, third joint black, greenish ochraceous at base,

second and third joints subequal in length, first slightly

passixg apex of head, fourth and fifth joints mutilated in

type; head sparingly punctate, more sparingly on basal area,

two short central longitudinal series of black punctures on

disk ; pronotum sparingly coarsely darkly punctate, a some-

what large impunctate macular space behind anterior margin,

lateral margins sinuate and shortly broadly dentate, posterior

lateral angles shortly porrectly produced, their apical areas

black ; scutellum coarsely darkly punctate, more sparingly

on basal area, and more finely and concolorously on apical

area; corium somewhat sparingly punctate; connexivum

with clusters of black punctures on most of the segments,

their apical angles obtusely acute ; abdomen beneath im-

punctate, spiracles black.

Long. 173 mm.

Hab. N. Queensland; Cooktown (D. Le Souef, Brit.

Mus.).

Allied to A. parvula, Westw., but larger, and differing in

having the second and third joints of antenne subequal in

Jength, the impunctate macular space at anterior margin of

pronotum, more strongly crenulate lateral pronotal margins,

and the more produced posterior lateral angles, &c.

Genus EuMEcopus.

Eumecopus, Dall. List Hem. i. pp. 151 & 172 (1861).

Type, E. armatus, Fabr.

laa

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomidea. 377

Eumecopus armatus.

Cimex armatus, Fabr. Syst. Fnt. p. 702 (1775).

Pecilometia ruficornis, Walk. Cat. Het. i. p- 208. n. 11 (1867).

Pecilometis calidus, Walk. loc. cit. n. 12.

Eumecopus armatus, Dist. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iv. p. 425

(1899),

Bumecopus callidus, Van Duz. Bull. Ann. Mus, xxi. p. 195 (1905);

Kirk. Cat. Hem, (Heterop.) i. p. 189 (1909).

Van Duzee has treated calidus, Walk., as a distinct species,

in which he has been copied by Kirkaldy. Van Duzee

writes :—* This species is easily distinguished by its bright

reddish tint, the broad blackish submargins and median

line of the pronotum, the dark scutellum with imperfect

median line and the large pale cali in the angles, and the

conspicuous black ray on the disk of the elytra,’ These,

however, are not the characters found in Walker’s type, and

are more characteristic of typical armatus. In calidus the

black median fascia and submargin to the pronotum are much

narrower, not broader; the callose basal spots to scutellum

vary in size in different specimens, in some the broad black

median band to the pronotum is continued through the

scutellum,

The calidus, Walk., is only a varietal form of a variable

species.

Eumecopus alexandrianus, sp. 0.

Head purplish brown, three longitudinal fasciz at base

extending to a little before eyes, and in front of these the

margins of the central lobe, basal halves of lateral margins

in front of eyes, basal margins of eye-, and a basal spot

before eyes ochraceous, lateral lobes a little transversely

wrinkled and punctate, thir outer margins sinuate and

slightly recurved; antenne reddish testaceous, apices of

second and fifth joints and base of fourth ochraceous, second

joint subequal in length to third, first longly passing apex

of head, slightly thickened and curved, fourth slightly longer

than tiird, distinctly longer than fifth ; pronotum purplish

brown, very coarsely punctate and irrorate with ochraceous

markings, ihe anterior and Jateral areas more finely punctate,

lateral margins sirongly concavely sinuate, obscurely crenu-

late near apices, posterior angles strongly spinously produced,

a | ttle upwardly recurved ; scutellum dark purplish brown,

irrorated with ochraceous, slightly rugulose, coarsely thickly

punctate, a levigate spot at each basal angle, a smaller

central basal spot and the apex broadly ochraceous ; corium

purplish brown, thickly and more finely punctate, irregularly

378 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide,

irrorate with ochraceous, the lateral and apical margins and

the inner margin of the costal area ochraceous ; membrane

blackish ; connexivum purplish brown, punctate, its outer

margin ochraceous ; body beneath ochraceous, with a large

apical black spot occupying nearly all the sixth and anal

segments ; legs purplish, streaked with ochraceous ; rostrum

reaching the base of ics second abdominal segment.

Long. 21 to 23 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 103 to 11 mm.

Hab. N. Australia ; “Alexandria (W. Stalker, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to E. abdominalis, Dist., but differing by the second

joint of antennz subequal in length to third joint, not half

its length as in abdominalis, more produced pronotal spines,

distinct colour of abdomen beneath, &c.

Eumecopus eyrei, sp. n.

Above ochraceous, thickly punctured and mottled with

black ; head with six longitudinal black fasciz, two central

and two on each lateral area, extreme lateral margins between

antenne and eyes also black, the black fasciz prominently

punctate; antenne black or fuscous, bases of third and fourth

joints ochraceous, basal joint shorter than head but projecting

beyond it, second joint minute, about one-third the length

of first, third longest, one-third longer than fourth (re-

mainder mutilated in type) ; pronotum with two small but

distinct pale spots on disk of anterior area, the lateral angles

produced into somewhat long slender distinct spines, the

apices of which are very slightly recurved, lateral margins

concavely sinuate, their apices obscurely crenulate ; scutel-

lum much suffused with blackish, especially on basal third

and before apex, somewhat rugulose on basal area, three

small spots on basal margin—one central and one near each

basal angle—and the apex ochraceous, levigate ; corium less

blackly punctate except on inner posterior area, where there

is a distinct pale levigate spot, membrane black, distinctly

passing abdominal apex; body beneath pale ochraceous ;

sternum somewhat thickly darkly punctate, two black spots

near anterior acetabula and a larger black spot near inter-

mediate acetabula; abdomen widely thickly brownly punc-

tate between the spiracles and the central disk, the latter

only very sparsely brownly punctate, the spiracles forming

the centre of somewhat jarge shining black spots, the lateral

margins at apices of segmental margins spotted with black,

and a large central subapical black spot on disk ; legs ochra-

ceous, spotted and streaked with castaneous, apical areas of

tibiz castaneous ; rostrum passing the posterior coxe, its

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 379

apex black ; abdomen with the central sulcation only promi-

nent on basal area,

Long. 18 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 8} mm.

Hab. 8. Centr. Australia; 100 miles E. of Lake Eyre (H. J.

Hillier, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to £. vittiventris, Stal, from which it differs by its

much more slender form and the minute second joint of the

antenne.

Eumecopus confusus, sp. 0.

Ochraceous, thickly mottled and punctured with black ;

head black, with three basal longitudinal fascie, the two

outermost of which are narrowly continued towards apex, a

fascia margining each side of central lobe, basal halves of

lateral margins, basal margins of eyes, and a spot behind

them ochraceous, most of the punctures arranged longitu-

dinally ; antenne with the first and second joints castaneous,

third, fourth, and fifth black, with their bases ochraceous,

extreme apices of second and third ochraceous, second joint

distinctly longer than third, fourth longest; pronotum

coarsely punctate and subrugulose, lateral margins mode-

rately concavely sinuate, their apices very obscurely crenulate,

the posterior angles moderately subspinously produced ;

scutellum blackly punctate, more confluently so on basal and

apical areas, three basal spots and the apex ochraceous, levi-

gate; corium irregularly blackly punctate, the punctures in

somewhat longitudinal series on inner and outer margins of

costal area and a little confluently on posterior disk ; mem-

brane bronzy-brown ; connexivum black, thickly punctate,

with its lateral margin ochraceous ; head beneath ochraceous,

with two longitudinal black lines on each side; sternum

ochraceous, mottled and punctured with black; abdomen

beneath black, the segmental margins and a central broken

macular fascia ochraceous, lateral margins uniformly narrowly

greenish ochraceous ; legs blackish mottled with ochraceous,

posterior tibiz with a broad ochraceous annulation.,

Long. 24 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 13 mm.

Hab. Queensland (fF. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to E. conspersus, Walk., from which it differs by

the second joint of the antenne being longer than the

third, not half the length of the third as in Walker’s species ;

also by the pale marginal border, not marginal spots, to

the abdomen beneath; antenniferous tubercles outwardly

obtusely spinous in conspersus, not so in confusus,

380 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomida.

Eumecopus moseleyi, sp. 0.

Reddish brown, blackly punctate; head, anterior and

lateral areas of pronotum, subapical area of scutellum, and

base of Jateral margin to corium blackish or blackly punctate ;

head with a central] longitudinal line, a short longitudinal line

on each side of it at basal area, margins of central lobe, ex-

treme lateral margins, basal margins of eyes, and a basal spot

beneath them ochraceous, lateral margins strongly concavely

sinuate and distinctly reflexed ; antennz with the first joint

black, second reddish, third black, with its basal third reddish,

second joint distinctly shorter than third, first longly passing

apex of head, moderately thickened and slightly curved

(remaining joints mutilated in type); pronotum thickly

blackly punctate, the black auterior area with a few pale

speckles, lateral margins only moderately sinuate but dis-

tinctly reflexed, extreme lateral and basal edges ochraceous,

posterior angles moderately prominent and shortly spinous;

scutellum with a spot near each basal angle and the apex

ochraceous ; corium thickly punctate, extreme lateral margin

ochraceous ; membrane blackish ; abdomen above and con-

nexivum black, extreme edge of the latter ochraceous ; body

beneath ochraceous, blackly speckled or punctate, extreme

margins of head, prosternum, and abdomen pale ochraceous,

inwardly margined by a black sublateral fascia ; a curved

line on each side of prosternum, two central elongate spots

to mesosternum, and basal segmental margins (narrowly)

black, apical segmental margins (narrowly) ochraceous ; legs

reddish ochraceous, apical areas of femora blackish ; rostrum

passing the posterior coxee, its apex black.

Long. 19 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 115 mm.

Hab. Queensland * (‘ Challenger’ Exp., Brit. Mus.).

Allied to E. apicalis, Westw., but with the lateral margins

of the pronotum more strongly sinuate, body broader, diffe-

rent colour of abdomen beneath, &c.

Genus Pe@ciLoMeEtis.

Pecilometis, Dall. List Hem. i. pp. 151 & 170 (1851).

Type, P. strigatus, Westw.

Pecilometis borealis, sp. n.

Ochraceous, thickly darkly brownly punctate; head with

* This species was probably taken during the ‘ Challenger’s’ visit to

Cape York.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomidwe. 381

the lateral margins (more broadly posteriorly) pale, impunc-

tate; antenne reddish testaceous, apical joint (excluding

base) more or less fuscous, basal joint stoutest, slightly

curved, shorter than head but projecting beyond it, second

joint subequal in length to first and third, fourth a little

longest, distinctly longer than fifth ; pronotum with the

anterior margin narrowly and the lateral margins more

broadly pale ochraceous, the latter moderately concavely

sinuate, the posterior angles subprominent ; seutellum very

narrowly and irregularly margined with pale ochraceous at

base, a spot near each basal angle and the apex pale oclira-

ceous; corium with the veins and narrow external margin

pale ochraceous, the lateral margins distinctly rounded ;

membrane black, with paler longitudinal streaks; abdomen

above reddish ochraceous, apical area fuscous, connexivum

ochraceous and excluding its extreme margin thickly brownly

punctate ; body beneath stramineous, sternum (excluding

central disk and lateral margins) and abdomen (excluding

extreme lateral margins) thickly finely darkly punctate, sub-

lateral margins of head between antennz and eyes, and apical

half of sublateral margins to prosternum, black ; legs ochra-

ceous, finely darkly punctate ; rostrum reaching the fourth

abdominal segment, its apical joint piceous ; central abdo-

minal sulcation profound and reaching the base of the last

abdominal segment.

Long. 16 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 7} mm.

Hab, N. Australia; Alexandria (W. Stalker, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to P. stigmatus, Van Duz., by the rufescent an-

tenn, but differing in the second joint of the antenne

being subequal in length to first, not more than twice its

length, nor “‘ brevissimo” as in P. fasciatus, Stal.

Baturus.

Bathrus, Dall. List Hem. i. pp. 151 & 169,

Type, B. variegatus, Dall.

This genus requires amplification in its generic characters

so far as the neuration of the membrane is concerned,

Dallas, in his “‘ Table of Genera,” distinguished Bathrus by

having “membrane with three nervures,” but in fully de-

scribing the genus subsequently he wrote ‘‘ membrane with an

oblong basal cell and four longitudinal nervures, of which

the two outer are fureate.”’ In the species 1 now describe,

noue of the nervures are furcate.

382 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatonide.

Bathrus dissimilis, sp, n.

Above greenish testaceous, irregularly punctured with

black ; head with the punctures near the lateral margins, the

central lobe (excluding apex), and a curved linear punctate

fascia before eyes resplendent green; antenne four-jointed,

with the first joint stramineous, outwardly black, second

black, third and fourth black, with their bases broadly ochra-

ceous, basal joint projecting beyond the apex of head, second

longer than third and nearly three times as long as the first,

third and fourth subequal in length; pronotum considerably

mottled with bright green, especially near the anterior mar-

gin, and on the disk forming very obscure, irregular, oblique

fascie, lateral margins oblique, with their anterior halves

strongly dentate; scutellum strongly mottled with bright

green on basal half, which is also strongly rugulose, the

rugulosities and the apex pale, levigate, a foveate bright spot

at each basal angle ; corium much more finely punctate, more

prominently green near basal and apical areas; membrane

bronzy-brown ; connexivum pale ochraceous, with large

green segmental spots; body beneath and legs pale ochra-

ceous, shining, impunctate, a bright green curved line on

each side of the prosternum and a short linear spot of the

same colour on each side of the mesosternum ; abdominal

spiracles black; rostrum passing the second abdominal

segment, its apex black ; ventral sulcation very pronounced

and reaching the apex of the fifth segment; tibize biannulated

with fuscous.

Long. 16 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 7} mm.

Hab. Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

In colour and markings very closely allied to B. variegatus,

Dall., but with the lateral margins of the pronotum oblique,

not sinuate, and the longitudinal nervures of the membrane

not furcate.

Genus AccARANA.

Accarana, Dist. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 478.

Type, A. metallica, Dist.

Accarana australica, sp. n.

Ochraceous, coarsely, thickly, darkly punctate; head

about as long as broad, coarsely thickly punctate excepting

a basal area between eyes, which (excluding the margins and

central longitudinal lines of punctures) is impunctate, central

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 383

lobe slightly projecting beyond the lateral lobes, rounded in

front ; anteunz brownish ochraceous, basal joint with longi-

tudinal black lines, shorter than head but projecting beyond

it, second joint slightly shorter than third, fourth and fifth

longest, subequal in length; pronotum thickly coarsely

punctate, posterior angles distinctly prominent, obtusely

acute, anterior angles shortly spinous, margins of the traas-

verse cicatrices impunctate; scutellum thickly coarsely punc-

tate, a series of small pale obscure spots on basal margin, a

small bronzy-green spot at each basal angle, apex slightly

extending over base of membrane; corium thickly and rather

more finely punctate; membrane subhyaline, the veins

prominent, extending beyond abdominal apex ; connexivum

with the posterior angles of the segments distinctly spinous ;

body beneath and legs ochraceous, the latter spotted with

castaneous ; central metasternal ridges and basal ridges of

the abdominal sulcation castaneous ; apex of rostrum muti-

lated in type, ventral furrow long, almost extending to base

of apica] abdominal segment.

Long. 12 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 64 mm.

Hab. Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

The first species of this Papuan genus yet described from

the Australian continent.

Genus Ecrenvs.

Ectenus, Dall. List Hem. i. pp. 151 & 173.

Type, EZ. spectadilis, Burm.

Ectenus elongatus, sp. n.

Reddish testaceous or ochraceous, more or less punctate

with bronzy green; head elongate, distinctly longer than

broad including eyes, somewhat thickly punctate, lateral

margins strongly concavely sinuate a little before middle,

apex narrowed, the central projecting moderately before the

lateral lobes ; antenne long and slender, first and second

joints castaneous brown, third, fourth, and fifth joints black,

apex of second, basal half of third, and bases of fourth and

fifth joints ochraceous, basal joint stoutest, shorter than

head but extending beyond its apex, second a little shorter

than third, fourth, or fifth, which are subequal in length ;

pronotum coarsely punctate, the puuctures mostly bronzy

green, which also form four more or less distinct fascie, two

lateral and two central, posterior angles subprominent,

lateral margins sinuate; scutellum thickly punctate, much

384 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

suffused with bronzy green, apex pale ochraceous and im-

punctate, a small obscure curved elongate spot of the same

colour at each basal angle; corium more sparsely punctate,

a distinct bronzy green patch on posterior disk ; membrane

longly projecting beyond the abdominal apex, blackish, the

apical area paler ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; sub-

lateral margins of sternum punctate, bright bronzy green,

lateral and sublateral margins of head beneath, two oblique

central fascize to mesosternum, a sublateral abdominal fascia,

and a spot on the apical segment black or dark bronzy

green; legs ochraceous, more or less clouded with piceous,

especially on apical areas of tibize and femora.

Long. 19-21 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 7} mm.

Hab, Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

This species varies in the ground-colour of the upper

surface, especially of the corium, which is either reddish

testaceous or ochraceous. It is the first species of the genus

recorded from the Australian continent.

Munobvata, gen. nov.

Body moderately short and broad ; head about as long as

breadth at base including eyes, central lobe broadest at apex

and slightly projecting beyond the lateral lobes, lateral

margins strongly sinuate ; antenniferous tubercles outwardly

distinctly spined, the spe inwardly curved ; antennz with

five joints, first joimt much shorter than head and scarcely

passing its apex, first and second subequal in length, third

shortest, fourth longest, slightly longer than fifth ; pronotum

about half as long as breadth between posterior angles, the

lateral margins distinctly reflexed, more broadly so behind

eyes, where there is a distinct obtuse spine, anterior margin

subconcavely excavated behind eyes, which are large but do

not reach the anterior pronotal angles, posterior pronotal

angles subprominent, obtusely angulate, posterior margin

before scutellum truncate; scutellum longer than broad at

base, the basal area somewhat elevated, lateral margins

oblique, the apex distinctly narrowed ; corium about as long

as scutellum and pronotum together, the apical angle dis-

tinctly subangularly produced ; membrane slightly passing

abdominal apex, the veins numerous and longitudinal; ros-

trum reaching the fourth abdominal segment, first joint

extending to base of head, second and third joints subequal

in length, each longer than fourth; abdomen beneath

strongly centrally longitudinally sulcate from base to apex of

—————————eEE—E—————<— ti‘ ‘ (rer

Mr. W. L. Distant on Aus/ralasian Pentatomide. 385

penultimate segment; femora moderately thickened, poste-

rior legs with the femora and tibiw equal in length, tarsi

with the basal joint as long as the remaining joints together.

The salient characters of this genus are the strongly spined

antenniferous tubercles, the reflexed lateral margins of the

pronotum and the spined anterior angles of same, and the

subangularly produced apical angles of the corium.

Munduala typica, sp. n.

Above reddish testaceous, thickly darkly punctate ; head

coarsely punctate, at inner margins of eyes ochraceous,

levigate ; eyes black ; antenuz with the basal joint ochraceous

mottled with testaceous, second and third joints brownish,

fourth and fifth piceous, base of fourth and basal half of fifth

ochraceous ; pronotum somewhat thickly coarsely punctate ;

scutellum coarsely punctate, subrugulose on basal area, a

reddish curved levigate spot at each basal angle, and the apex

pale ochraceous ; corium thickly and rather more finely

punctate, the interior area more darkly shaded ; membrane

bronzy brown ; head beneath and sternum ochraceous, the

first finely and sparsely punctate, the second strongly and

distinctly punctate ; abdomen beneath very pale ochraceous,

finely, sparsely, testaceously punctate, the spiracles and three

central longitudinal spots on apical segment black; legs

ochraceous, femora finely spotted with castaneous; other

structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 16 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 8 mm.

Hab, Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Genus TINGANINA.

Tinganina, Bergr. Deutsch. ent. Zeitschr. 1909, p. 328.

Type, T. dimorpha, Bergr.

Bergroth writes :—‘ Tinganina hiess die letzte iiberlebeude

von den ausgestorbenen Ureinwohnern Tasmaniens. Sie

starb 1876.” This unfortunate woman’s name is usually

spelled Truganini. The remark is necessary, because the

generic name may unnecessarily be emended by some future

writer, The British Museum also possesses a specimen from

Launceston in Tasmania.

TURRUBULANA, gen, noy.

Body moderately flattened and compressed, above thickly

coarsely punctate; head much longer than broad, deeply

inserted in the pronotum, gradually attenuated towards apex,

the lateral margins bisinuate, the lateral lobes a little longer

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 26

386 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

than the central lobe but not converging beyond it; eyes

prominent, touching the anterior pronotal angles ; antennze

five-jointed, first joint short, not nearly reaching apex of

head and scarcely seen above, second and third subequal in

length, each shorter than fourth or fifth, which are also sub-

equal in length ; pronotum about twice as broad at base as

median length, anterior margin very strongly concavely

excavated for the reception of the head, the lateral margins

roundly oblique and sinuate, anteriorly very obscurely den-

tate, posterior angles subprominent, anterior angles obtusely

subspinous, basal margin before scutellum truncate; scutel-

lum about as long as broad at base, lateral margins oblique

for about two-thirds from base, thence narrowed to apex ;

corium about as long as head and pronotum together; mem-

brane slightly passing abdominal apex, with longitudinal

veins, some of the innermost furcate; connexivum exposed

from before middle of corium; rostrum extending to the

fourth abdominal segment, basal joint not quite reaching

base of head, second extending to the posterior cox, about

equal in length to third and fourth together; abdomen

beneath centrally longitudinally sulcate from base to near

apex ; legs somewhat short and robust, posterior tibiz not

longer than posterior femora.

A genus to be recognized by the compressed or flattened

body and the deeply concavely excavate anterior pronotal

margin ; it may be placed near Afelocera.

Turrubulana plana, sp. n.

Brownish ochraceous, thickly, coarsely, darkly punctate ;

central lobe (excluding apex), lateral margins of pronotum,

base of lateral margin to corium, a large levigate spot near

each basal angle of scutellum and the apex of same, and a

small spot on posterior disk of corium pale ochraceous;

connexivum pale ochraceous, inwardly castaneous brown, the

latter colour narrowly reaches margin along the segmental

incisures; autenne black, first joint and extreme apex of

fifth joint reddish brown; body beneath thickly darkly

punctate, but a little paler than above, lateral abdominal

margin aS connexivum above; rostrum and legs brownish

ochraceous, apex of rostrum black, apices of femora distinctly

broadly castaneous ; membrane black, the apex paler.

Long. 103 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 54 mm.

Hab. 8. Centr. Australia; 100 miles E. of L. Eyre (H. J.

Hillier, Brit. Mus.).

(To be continued. |

“ta

iin ded sane

Dr. W. G. Ridewood on Hornless Okapies. 387

XLU.—Hornless Okapies. By W. G. RipEwoop.

In the August number of the ‘Annals and Magazine of

Natural History,’ pp. 224-226, Mr. R. Lydekker endeavours

to show that hornless specimens of the Okapi are larger than

those with horns. Without venturing to express an opinion

one way or the other upon the question, I would point out

that the validity of the conclusions arrived at is weakened

by two incorrect statements which have a material bearing

upon the argument.

On p. 225 the skull of the stuffed Okapi presented to the

British Museum by Major Powell-Cotton is stated to be

339 mm. in length. It is not mentioned how this measure-

ment is taken, whether to the front of the nasals or to the

front of the premaxille, or otherwise. But at the foot of

the page the lengths of two other skulls are given, namely,

375 mm. as the length of a skull presented to the British

Museum by Sir Harry Johnston, and 377 mm. as the length

of a horned skull in the Tervueren Museum. These measure-

ments are quoted from Sir E. Ray Lankester’s paper (Trans.

Zool. Soc. xvi. 6, 1902, p. 305), where the length is stated

to have been taken to the front of the nasal bones. One

concludes, therefore, that, since a comparison is being insti-

tuted between these three skulls, the length of the skull of

Major Powell-Cotton’s specimen is measured to the front of

the nasals. The length as measured in this manner is

390 mm., not 339 mm. The skull is thus Jonger than the

skull of Sir Harry Johnston’s specimen ; in other words, the

horned skull is longer than the hornless one.

On p. 226 Mr. Lydekker writes concerning the Tervueren

skull above mentioned :—‘“ I am informed by the Director

of the Tervueren Museum that the mounted skin of the

specimen to which the skull pertained is 145°5 em. in height.”

The skull in question is that of the skeleton numbered 480

in the late Monsieur J. Fraipont’s monograph (‘ Annales du

Musée du Congo,’ Zool. sér. 2, vol. i., Okapta, 1907). Ac-

cording to the list of specimens on page 14 of that work, and

according to the earlier statements by Dr. C. I. Forsyth

Major in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ 1902,

ii. pp. 73 & 77, and ‘La Belgique Coloniale,’ Ann. viii. 45,

Nov. 9th, 1902, p. 533, the skin corresponding with that

skeleton was not sent to Europe; the skin which arrived at

the same time as the skeleton (namely, skin no, 479, now in

the Stockholm Museum) was from another and a younger

26*

388 Mr. G. Dollman on

animal. In answer to an inquiry the Director of the Ter-

vueren Museum has been good enough to send me an extract

from his letter to Mr. Lydekker, to the effect that in the

Tervueren Museum there are two horned Okapis—a stuffed

skin standing 145°5 cm. at the shoulder, and a mounted

skeleton of another individual. That Mr. Lydekker should

speak of “the mounted skin of the specimen to which the

skull pertained” is calculated to lead to confusion in the

future.

Returning to the main thesis, that hornless Okapis are

larger than horned ones, it may be noted that the two skulls

figured by Dr. C. I. Forsyth Major (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, ii.

pp. 342 & 343) and by Monsieur J. Fraipont (‘ Annales du

Musée du Congo,’ Zool. sér. 2, vol. i., Okapia, 1907, plates

ili. & v.) are of the same age, both being fairly old, but the

horned skull is the larger of the two. And again, the cast of

the horned skull purchased of Mr. Rowland Ward by the

British Museum (B.M. reg. no. 7. 12. 25. 2) is in most

measurements larger than the skull presented by Sir Harry

Johnston (B.M. reg. no. 1. 8.9.51). It is true that the

former is an older skull than the latter, but the comparison

weakens the generalization that the hornless are larger than

the horned animals.

As regards the connexion between horns and sex referred

to by Mr. Lydekker, it is remarkable how little is definitely

known, for the natives invariably cut away the genitals when

skinning the animal; and an unbiassed investigation of the

subject is made more difficult than it need be by taxidermists

skilfully adding male external genitals when stuffing skins

which have horns, and which they are convinced must there-

fore be of male sex. ‘The relation between horns and sex is

dealt with in Sir E. Ray Lankester’s forthcoming “ Atlas”

(‘ Monograph of the Okapi,’ Atlas, London, 1910).

XLIIL.—A List of the Mammals obtained by Mr. R. B. Woos-

nam during the Expedition to Lake Ngami, with Field- Notes

by the Collector. By Guy DOLLMAN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE following isa list of the mammals collected by Mr. R. B.

Woosnam during the recent expedition to Lake Ngami.

The collection was chiefly made at Lake Ngami and Lehuti-

tung in the Kalahari Desert, a certain proportion of the

Mammals from Lake Ngami, &e. 389

specimens being obtained further south on the Molopo River.

The collection is one of great value, as the Ngamiland

mammalian fauna has hitherto only been represented by the

collection made by Andersson over fifty years ago, the

majority of the specimens of which are now so faded and

discoloured that they are almost useless for comparative

systematic work,

One striking feature about the skins of the Ngami and

Kalahari specimens is the remarkable uniformity exhibited

in the coloration of the several species, in nearly every case a

pale sandy tint predominating. As regards the novelties,

the large grey dormouse is the most distinctive, and in such a

monotonously coloured genus as Graphiurus, this Ngamiland

species, in so far as its colour is concerned, stands quite by

itself. It has been found necessary to give subspecific names

to four new forms, all of them representing desert races of

South-African species.

Mr. Woosnam’s notes on the Ngamiland district are as

follows :—

“There are two routes to Ngamiland in British territory

which have been used by traders for the last fifty years—one

from Palapye Road Station vié Serowe (Khama’s capital),

and thence North and N.E. across the desert to the nearest

point of the Botletle River, and so up the river to the Lake.

This is Livingstone’s route and the best-known one. The

other, from Mafeking or Vryburg, goes W. vi@ Kakia to

Lehutitung, and thence N. past Okwa and Ghansis to the

Lake. ‘This route is practically never used now, and when

we travelled by it in 1909 no waggon had been along the

track for six years, and the track was almost entirely oblite-

rated between Lehutitung and Ghansis. We chose the latter

route, as it passes through the middle of the desert, and some

of the mammals in the present collection were obtained at

various places along the road during the journey through the

Kalahari to Ngamiland.

“The physical geography of the Kalahari Desert and

Ngamiland may briefly be said to consist of a great shallow

central basin or valley surrounded by a rim of higher country,

and there is only one outlet to the sea, namely towards the

Orange River. ‘The lowest point of the whole central and

northern Kalahari basin is the great Makarikari salt-pan, and

from observations of altitudes during our journey [ am in-

clined to believe that there is a low broad ridge running across

the Kalahari somewhere about 23°., and forming a low

watershed between the Okovango and Nosop Molopo river-

systems. The watershed between the Okovango and Zambesi

390 Mr. G. Dollman on

systems is a low and very ill-defined one, and it is doubtful

whether during the times of highest flood the Okovango

marshes are not connected with those of the Chobe and

Zambesi.

“At the present day the importance and capacity of Lake

Ngami is infinitesimal when compared with the huge extent

of the Okovango marshes and periodically flooded area to the

N. and N.E, of the lake ; and itis important to realize that

the origin and only source of all the intricate maze of streams

and marshes of Ngamiland is the great Okovango River,

which rises in the Mosamba Mountains in Portuguese W.

Africa and drains an enormous area with a very heavy rain-

tall from October to March. The result of this is a huge

periodical flood which flows down the Okovango into the

marshes of Ngamiland. These gradually rise and overspread

hundreds of square miles of the surrounding country, which

is extraordinarily flat, the inundation reaching its highest

point not during the rainy season, but towards the end of the

dry season, about August or September. None of this

enormous volume of water finds its way out to the sea, but

after filling the marshes N. of the lake, and formerly the lake

itself, flows on down the Botletle or Zonga, and is at length

lost by evaporation and percolation. No doubt formerly on

many occasions some of this flood has reached the great

Makarikari salt-pan which is the Ngamiland basin, but

apparently no flood has been large enough to reach the

Makarikari for many years, although an old dry river-bed

can be traced. Now there is no doubt that it is only compa-

ratively quite recently that the water-supply of Lake Ngami

has failed and the lake partially dried up; for although the

processes which brought about this result must have been in

progress long before Livingstone’s visit in 1849, his descrip-

tion of the lake and illustration clearly show it to have been

then an imposing sheet of water to a great extent open.

To-day Lake Ngami is just a great reed-bed, which dries up

almost entirely by the beginning of the periodical flood.

“Phe explanation of this failure of the water-supply of the

lake is to be found in the fact that previously one of the

many large channels of the Okovango River called the

Téonghé ran into the lake at the N.W. corner, but by a

natural process of reed-growth and silting up this channel

has gradually become choked, till now no water at all finds

its way into the lake from the N.W., and its only source of

supply is at the 8.E. corner, where it is connected with the

Bouletle by a kind of backwater or arm, through which it

receives a certain amount of water when the floods have risen

Penh L299 HS

7 Awe + vine

Mammals from Lake Ngami, Sc. 391

sufficiently high in the Botletle for water ‘to run back along

this channel; but the lake never fills to anything like its

former level now.

“The whole Kalahari and Ngamiland is a vast undulating

grassy plain covered almost all over with dense kameel-

thorn forest or lower scrubby ‘hock dorn’ bush, with a few

stretches of open grass-country, chiefly in the neighbourhood

of the W. of Mafeking. his dry ‘bush veldt’ extends

right up to and around the edges of the Okovango marshes,

and the soil is everywhere very sandy. In Ngamiland the

vegetation is less thorny, and many large-leafed semitropical

trees appear. Palm-trees grow luxuriantly throughout the

marshes, which are studded with numerous large and beautiful

islands, which are quite as tropical in appearance as anything

in Uganda or the Congo. N. and N.E. of the Okovango

marshes there are large tracts of dry mopani forest, which

extend, I believe, up to the Zambesi.

“A most noticeable feature of the Kalahari is the great

number of shallow and perfectly flat pans, usually covered

when dry with a deposit of salt and nitrate of soda; and

although these pans are dry during the greater part of the

year, sometimes for several years, animal life of all kinds is

generally more abundant in their neighbourhood.”

1. Galago moholi, Smith.

d. 51,57; 9. 56. Lake Ngami.,

“These little lemurs were quite common in Ngamiland

and along the Botletle River where there was any dense vege-

tation and large-leafed tropical trees. ‘l'hey do not appear

until a few minutes after sunset.”

2. Petalia thebaica, Geoff.

g. Lake Ngami.

3. Vespertilio capensis, Smith.

gd. 29. Okwa, Kalahari.

3 (preserved in spirit). Lehutitung, Kalahari.

“T'his bat was seen at all the water-holes in the Kalahari.

They were flying up and down the large spruit at Okwa in

the evenings in hundreds hawking insects.”

4. Pipistrellus nanus, Pet.

d. 55. Lake Ngami.

392 Mr. G. Dollman on

‘“‘ A few of these- bats were seen in Ngamiland, but they

were not common. It was the winter season at the time of

our visit.”

5. Crocidura bicolor, Boc.

3 (preserved in spirit). Lake Ngami.

‘“« When crossing one of the many branches of the Okovango

River in Ngamiland the waggon was partly submerged, and

this small shrew was found elimbing up the tent of the

waggon to escape the water in company with a specimen of

Leggada bella induta.”

6. Crocidura deserti, Schwann.

6. 28, 33, 34, 35, 36; 9. 30, 31,32. Okwa, Kalahari.

6d. 61. Mababe Flats, S. Africa.

‘** All the specimens of this shrew from Okwa were caught

at the bottoms of old dry native wells in the bed of the spruit,

where they seemed to be very plentiful. No. 61 was caught

some 400 miles further north in totally different country in

the marshes on the E, side of the Okovango marshes, so that

the two localities are separated by a vast extent of marshes

and rivers.”

7. Mungos gracilis badius, Smith.

6. 39.- Lake Ngami.

“This mungoose was shot high up in a tree among the

creepers around the trunk, where it was probably looking for

birds’ nests.”

8. Crossarchus fasciatus, Desm.

@. 60,62. Hast bank of Tamalakan River, 100 miles

N.E. of Lake Ngami.

«These two were caught by a dog out of a party of five or

six in the dry mopani forest on the east side of the Okovango

marshes. We did not meet with them in the Kalahari

Desert.”

9. Paraxerus cepapi, Smith.

6. 76; 2. 53. Lake Ngami.

“* No squirrels were seen in the Kalahari, but in Ngami-

land they were very common among the larger trees and

more tropical vegetation.”

Yarn, 9

Mammals from Luke Ngami, &c. 393

10. Graphiurus woosnami, sp. n.

@. 38. North of Okwa, Kalahari.

?. 1. Molopo River.

A large pale grey-coloured species allied to G. angolensis,

de Wint.

Size and general proportions about as in G@. angolensis.

Hair of medium length, similar to that of G. murinus.

General colour of upper surface pale ashy grey (between

ashy grey no. 2 and grey no. 1, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’),

rather paler on the flanks and face. Individual hairs of back

with dark slate-grey bases ; apical portions dingy white, the

extreme tips brownish. Sides of face, below eyes to ears,

white; hairs with dark grey bases and white tips. Eyes

surrounded with dark-coloured rings. Area in front of eyes,

at base of whiskers, inclined to be rather dark, but not

markedly so. Backs of handsand feet white. Entire under-

parts greyish white, slightly tinged with buff. Hairs of

belly all with grey bases and light-coloured tips. Hairs on

chin and lower lip entirely white. Tail long and bushy, but

not to such a marked extent as in G. angolensis. Upper

surface of tail pale greyish white, hairs with brownish-grey

bases and long white tips. Extreme tip of tail pure white.

Underside of tail rather lighter in colour than upper surface.

Skull about the same size as that of G@. angolensis, with a

rather flatter brain-case and less inflated auditory bulle.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 100 mm. ; tail 86; hind foot 18; ear 17°5.

Skull: greatest length 29°3; basal length 24°5 ; condylo-

basal length 27:2; basilar length 22°5; condylo-basilar length

24:8; zygomatic breadth 17; breadth of brain-case across

squamosal region 12°7; breadth of brain-case across

occipital region 12; nasals, greatest length 11°2, greatest

breadth 3°4, least breadth 1°7; palatal length 12 ; palatilar

length 9°8 ; width of palate inside m* 3:7; width of palate

outside m’ 6:3; length of palatal foramina 3°6; length of

upper cheek-teeth 3:4.

flab. North of Okwa, Kalahari. Altitude 3000 feet.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 10.6.3. 20. Original

number 38. Collected June 13th, 1909.

This handsome dormouse, so strikingly different from all

the other members of the genus, appears to be a desert species

allied to the Angolan form, G. angolensis, from which it is

at once distinguished by the pale greyish-white colour of the

dorsal surface.

394 Mr. G. Dollman on

“The type specimen was caught at Okwa, which is about

halfway between the Molopo River and Lake Ngami, right

in the middle of the Kalahari. It ran out of a big log which

had been thrown on the fire at night, and I fortunately

managed to catch it as it passed me.”

11. Tatera lobengule grique, Wrought.

3. 44,52; 2. 43,54. Lake Ngami.

?. 6. Molopo River.

3. 68. Mababe Flats, Ngamiland.

“ In Ngamiland there is a periodical food which occurs in

the dry season, and besides filling up the vast Okovango

inarshes and Lake Ngami inundates hundreds of square miles

of dry sandy country and acacia-forest. As the water ad-

vances over the flat country the small mammals are driven

back, and towards the height of the flood in many places

around the marshes the whole surface of the ground for miles

is covered all over with mouse-holes, where the fugitives take

up temporary residence until the floods subside. The natives

assured me that lions sometimes hunt the mice in these

colonies and dig them out and eat them, as they are then very

fat, it being winter.”

12. Tatera brantsi perpallida, subsp. n.

gd. 24,25; 9. 23. Lehutitung, Kalahari.

9. 64. Hast bank of the Tamalakan River, Ngamiland.

9. 69. Mababe Flats, Ngamiland.

Closely related to Tatera brantst, Smith, but rather smaller

and very much paler in colour.

Size and general proportions rather less than in 7. brantsi.

General colour of upper surface of body pale straw-yellow,

washed over with a brownish tint (between pale ecru no. 3

and snuff-brown no. 1, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’); flanks

rather paler (pale yellowish flesh no. 3, ‘ Repertoire’). Head

and nasal region a little darker than rest of dorsal surface.

Individual hairs of back with slaty grey bases; apical

portions pale yellowish buff, extreme tips brownish. Backs

of hands and feet white. Entire underparts white. Tail

clothed with rather short hairs, upper surface with a median

pale brownish stripe extending along the basal two-thirds of

its length; apical third white. Underside of tail entirely

white.

Skull very similar to that of 7. brantsi, with rather larger

auditory bullee and shorter palatal foramina.

Mammals from Lake Ngami, &e. 395

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 135 mm, ; tail 152; hind foot 82; ear 24°5,

Skull: greatest length 40; basal length 34:2; condylo-

basal length 36; basilar length 31; zygomatic breadth 21:4 ;

breadth of brain-case across squamosal region 16°3 ; inter-

orbital breadth 6°2; nasals, greatest length 16°9, greatest

breadth 4, least breadth 2°8; palatal length 21°2 ; palatilar

length 18; width of palate inside m' 3-9; width of palate

outside m’ 9; length of palatal foramina 7; post-palatal

length 13°4; length of upper cheek-teeth 6:7.

Hab. East bank of the Tamalakan River, Ngamiland.

Altitude 3700 feet.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 10. 6.3.25. Original

number 64. Collected July 26th, 1909.

The very much lighter colour of the pelage indicates that

this Gerbil must be regarded as distinct from the South

African 7. brantsi. It would appear to be a desert form of

that species, and as such deserving of subspecific rank.

“T noticed nothing in the habits of this Gerbil to

differentiate it from the other species,”’

13. Desmodillus auricularis pudicus, subsp. n.

9.27; 2 (imspirit), Lehutitung, Kalahari.

A buff-coloured race of Desmodillus auricularis, Smith.

Size and proportions as in D, auricularis. General colour

of dorsal surface yellowish sandy red (between dark fawn

no. 1 and buff no. 1, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’), Flanks

rather purer and brighter in colour (buff no. 1, ‘ Repertoire ’).

Individual hairs of back with slate-grey bases and light,

yellowish-buff tips, some of the hairs, down the middle of

the back, with the extreme tips dark brown. Face between

eyes and nasal region similar in colour to flanks. Cheeks

pale yellowish red, becoming pure white on the upper lip

and sides of neck. White patches behind ears as in

D. auricularis, Backs of hands and feet covered with

short white hairs. Entire underparts white; hairs on belly

white throughout. ‘l'ail yellowish red above, paler and

whiter towards the tip; under surface white.

Skull as in D. auricularis.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 108 mm.; tail 92; hind foot 24; ear

13°5.

Skull: greatest length 37; basilar length 27:7; con-

dylo-basal length 29°38; zygomatic breadth 18; breadth

of brain-case across squamosal region 16; interorbital

396 Mr. G. Dollman on

breadth 6; nasals, greatest length 14, greatest breadth

3:4, least breadth 2; palatal length 18°5; palatilar length

15°6 ; length of palatal foramina 6; length of upper tooth-

row 4°8.

Hab. Lehutitung, Kalahari. Altitude 3500 feet.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 10.6.3.33. Original

number 27. Collected on May 29th, 1909.

This sandy-coloured form must evidently be recognized as

a desert race of the Namaqualand species, D. auricularis.

The resemblance in colour between the cotype of D. auri-

cularis and the specimens from the Kalahari Desert is due to

the black hair-tips of the cotype having faded to a brownish-

red colour, thus giving the skin a general reddish appearance,

rather similar to the sandy tint of the desert form. The

true colour of D. auricularis is exhibited in a series of

recently collected specimens from Kuruman and Namaqua-

land, where the general colour of the upper surface and

flanks is far less red than in the Kalahari specimens, owing

to the predominating olive tint produced by the dark

brownish coloured hair-tips mixing with yellowish sub-

terminal rings. ‘These dark hair-tips are almost entirely

absent in this new form, except down the middle of the back

and on the hind part of the head, these regions being slightly

darker than the rest of the body.

“This mouse is, I believe, pretty plentiful throughout the

drier parts of the Kalahari. I always noticed its holes,

generally in little clumps of 3 or 4, around the edges of the

dry salt-pans which are scattered all over the desert. The

specimen obtained was smoked out of its hole; they are not

easily caught in traps. I have once or twice seen them

outside their holes in the daytime.”

14. Dendromus jamesoni, Wrought.

2 (preserved in spirit). Lake Ngami.

The Ngami Dendromus would appear to be identical with

the South African species, D. jamesoni, recently described

by Wroughton from Zoutpansberg. Probably the colour of

the hair is rather paler than that of the type; but it is

impossible, at present, to decide this point satisfactorily, as

the Ngami specimen has been preserved in spirit.

““] have always found these tree-mice very difficult to

catch. The specimen obtained was caught at night on the

ground in mopani forest by the light of a bright lantern,

which appeared to dazzle it. I know nothing of their

habits.”

)

i ele oe Bd ae OS eens:

CT cong

Mammals from Lake Ngami, &e. 397

15. Steatomys pratensis, Pet.

3.70; 9.66, 71,72. Mababe Flats, Ngamiland.

“T found these mice living in small colonies in the dry

mopani forest near the marshes; their holes do not go deep

into the ground, but spread out for a considerable distance

into numerous ramifications. They refused all kinds of baits,

and were only obtained by digging them out.”

16. Epimys nigricauda, Thos.

9.11. Molopo River, South Africa.

“These mice frequent the kameel-thorn forests all over

the Kalahari, especially where the trees are large, and they

seem more numerous in the neighbourhood of water. They

breed and spend all the daytime in the trees, only coming

down on to the ground at night to feed. They generally

choose an old hollow tree, into which a great quantity of dry

grass is packed, sometimes as much as 20 feet from the

ground. By setting fire to the nest they are easily smoked

out, but not so easily caught, as they are very expert

climbers and jump from the ends of a bough into a bush and

so to the ground and escape in the grass.”

17. Epimys damarensis, de Wint.

dg. 41, 48, 50,74; 9.40,42,49. Lake Ngami.

This series is of considerable interest, as with theexception

of the type the only other representative of the species

in the Museum collection is an imperfect and rather faded

example collected by Andersson more than fifty years ago.

Hitherto it has been impossible to decide with certainty the

relationship of the species, but it is now evident, from exami-

nation of the skulls, that £. damarensis is closely allied to

E. nigricauda, Vhos., and from Mr. Woosnam’s field-notes it

appears that both species are semi-arboreal.

“The habits of this species are identical with those of

E. nigricauda.”

18. Epimys namaquensis, A. Smith.

?. 5,12. Molopo River, 8. Africa.

3.20; 9.19. Lehutitung, Kalahari.

3. 37. North of Okwa, Kalahari.

¢?.67. East bank of 'Tamalakan River, Ngamiland.

“This species does not climb trees, but I have frequently

found their nests in old hollow trees which were lying on the

ground, ‘They are fond of frequenting rocks and the dry

”

398 Mr. G. Dollman on

beds of spruits. When smoking out one of these nests in a

fallen tree once, rather an extraordinary thing happened.

For a long time there was no signs of any mouse, then

suddenly the female came tumbling out on to the ground

with four new-born hairless young ones apparently hanging on

to her mamme; she may have had one in her mouth, but three

were certainly hanging on to the mamme.”

19. Epimys woosnami, Schwann.

3. 63, 65. East bank of Tamalakan River, Ngamiland.

‘‘These mice were caught on the edge of the marshes,

where they were living in the burrows of Tatera brantst per-

pallida; they were rather uncommon apparently, as they were

only caught in the proportion of one to 29 Tatera. It is

remarkable that both these specimens of Hpimys had been

attacked by some parasitic fly, probably Cordylobia anthro-

pophagus or some near species: the maggots were in both

cases in the scrotum, which was much enlarged and full of

pus; in one case the testes were diseased and one almost

entirely sloughed away. The mice were otherwise in good

condition and fat. No specimens of Yatera were found

infected. It is possible that, owing to some habit, this mouse

is peculiarly subject to these parasitic flies, which, destroying

the reproductive organs, are exterminating the species in the

locality.”

20. Epimys microdon, Pet.

gd. 47; 9.45. Lake Ngami.

21. Epimys coucha, Smith.

9. 46. Lake Ngami.

22. Leggada bella induta, Thos.

$ 2 (preserved in spirit). Lake Ngami.

23. Saccostomus anderssoni, de Wint.

gd. 16,18; ¢. 14,15,17, 21. Lehutitung, Kalahari.

gf. 4,7,9; 2%. 8. Molopo River.

g. 59; 9. 58. West bank of the Tamalakan River,

Negamiland.

Although ‘this series is rather paler in colour than

de Winton’s type, there seems to be no reason why these

Kalahari and Ngamiland specimens should be considered as

other than true S. anderssont.

Mammals from Lake Ngami, ce. 399

It is interesting to note that Mr. Woosnam obtained four

specimens of this species near the Molopo River, not very far

north of Kuruman, the type locality of S. hilde, Schwann.

S. hilde, compared with this new series of S. anderssont,

appears as a very much darker animal, especially noticeable

in the young specimens, the young of S. anderssoni being

rather paler than the adults, while in S. hilde@ they are a

good deal darker,

“1 found this mouse plentiful on the rocky banks of the

Molopo River and at several places in the Kalahari up to

Ngamiland. One was caught on an island in the middle of

the Okovango marshes, They feed largely on the beans

of the kameel-thorn (Acacia) trees.”

24. Arvicanthis pumilio desert’, subsp. n.

9.18. Lehutitung, Kalahari.

Q (in spirit). Kakia, Kalahari.

A pale sandy-coloured form allied to Arvicanthis pumilio

grique, Wrought.

Size and general proportions as in A. p. grique. General

colour of upper surface pale sandy yellow (between putty-

colour no. 3 and pale ecru no, 3, ‘ Repertoire de Couleurs’),

rather paler on the flanks and sides of head. Dorsal stripes

much fainter and less evident than in A, p. grigua, light

orange-brown in colour; the two median stripes not pro-

longed forwards on to head. ars covered with short

orange-coloured hairs ; no well-marked dark margin to ears,

Backs of hands and feet yellowish white. Entire underparts

white, washed with greyish buff. Tail light brownish yellow

above; underside white.

Skull larger than that of A. p. grigue, with rather larger

auditory bulle, flatter and broader brain-case, and broader

nasals. Molar teeth rather larger than in A. p. grique.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 115 mm.; tail 116; hind foot 22-25;

ear 14,

Skull: greatest length 29°9; basal length 26; condylo-

basal length 27°9; basilar length 24°3; condylo-basilar

length 26; zygomatic breadth 14°9; breadth of brain-case

across squamosal region 12°6; interorbital breadth 4-7 ;

nasals, greatest length 11, greatest breadth 3-6, least

breadth 1:5; palatal length 14°5; palatilar length 12:5;

width of palate inside m! 2°5; width of palate outside m'

59; length of palatal foramina 6; post-palatal length

11°3; length of upper cheek-teeth 5.

400 Mr. G. Dollman on

Hab. Lehutitung, Kalahari. Altitude 3300 feet.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 10.6.3.69. Original

number 13. Collected May 18th, 1909. '

This Kalahari Arvicanthis is distinguished at once from

all the other members of the group by the extreme paleness

of the general colour of the dorsal surface ; the only form at

all approaching this condition is A. p. cinereus, Thos., where

the general colour of the upper surface is pale slaty grey,

very different from the light sandy coloration of this desert

form.

“ Arvicanthis is a very common genus both at Kuruman

and on the Modder River, but not at all common in the

Kalahari, and only met with near water. I have never seen

this mouse far from water. They are diurnal.”

25. Georychus lugardi, de Wint.

od. 2; 2. 3,10. Molopo River.

¢. 26. Lehutitung.

9. 73. Mababe Flats, Ngamiland. ;

““ Georychus is plentiful throughout the whole Kalahari.

I have seen their mounds 100 miles from water.”

26. Lepus ochropus kalaharicus, subsp. n.

A pale greyish-buff form of Lepus ochropus.

Size and proportions as in L. ochropus. General colour of

upper surface pale greyish white, faintly tinged with buff

(putty-colour no. 1, ‘Repertoire de Couleurs’) and finely

speckled with black. Shoulders and anterior back lighter in

colour than hind portion of body, where the black speckling

is more in evidence. Flanks rather lighter in colour than

rest of upper parts, gradually turning yellowish towards the

ventral surface, a pale yellow area separating the white

underparts from the greyish flanks, as in ZL. ochropus, but

here the yellow is very much lighter in colour (flesh-colour

no. 2,‘ Repertoire’). Individual hairs of back with whitish

bases, the colour changing to dark brownish black towards

the middle; apical portions bicoloured, subterminal rings

buffish white, tips blackish brown. Some of the longer hairs

on the back with white tips. Hairs on flanks with white

bases and buffish-white tips, a few of the hairs with black

tips. Nape of neck, behind ears, pale buffish white, a good

deal less yellowish than in Z. ochropus. Forehead and back

Mammals from Lake Ngami, &e. 491

of head rather darker than rest of face. Dark lines above

eyes, on sides of muzzle, well defined. Nasal region yellowish

white. Eyes surrounded with whitish rings, the white

coloration extending forwards for a short distance on the

sides of the muzzle, just beneath the dark frontal stripes.

Cheeks and sides of neck similar in colour to flanks. Ears

markedly paler and greyer than in L. ochropus; black tips

not nearly so evident, and the yellow colour on the outer sides

very much greyer. Rump greyish; hairs with slate-grey

bases and whitish tips, only a few of the hairs having buff-

coloured or black tips. Fore limbs buffish, paler than in

L. ochropus. Inner sides of hind limbs pale buffish white

(maize-yellow no. 2, ‘ Repertoire’), a little richer in colour

than the yellowish tint on the flanks. Backs of hands and

feet buffish white (maize-yellow no. 1, ‘ Repertoire’). Belly,

underside of thighs, and lower lip white ; hairs white through-

out. ‘hroat and chest buffish; hairs with pale slaty-grey

bases and long buffish-white tips. Underside of fore limbs

and chin buffish white. ‘T'ail as in L. ochropus, white with a

well-defined dark dorsal marking.

Skull very similar to that of L. ochropus.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 420 mm. ; tail96 ; hind foot 108; ear 134.

Skull: greatest length 82; basal length 64; condylo-

basal length 705; basilar length 61°5; condylo-basilar

length 67°5 ; zygomatic breadth 40°5 ; interorbital constriction

12°5; breadth of brain-case (across squamosal region) 29;

nasals, greatest length 35:4, greatest breadth 18°6, least

breadth 12; palatilar length29°4 ; length of palatal foramina

20°7; length of upper cheek-teeth, from front of first pre-

molar to back of last molar, 14°2.

Hab, Lehutitung, Kalahari. Altitude 3300 feet.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 10. 6.3.75. Original

number 22. Collected May 21st, 1909.

Like most of the other new forms described in this paper,

this hare would appear to represent a desert race of a South

African species, and, as such, it is here described as a sub-

species of L. ochropus, from which it is distingushed by the

far paler colour of dorsal surface.

“ Hares were very rarely seen in the Kalahari, but that

they are to be found throughout the desert is proved by their

spoor. A few were found round the big salt-pans at Lehuti-

tung and again at Okwa Spruit.”

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8, Voi. vi. 27

402 Mr. W. Schaus on

XLIV.—Nevw Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—II.

By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S.

Arctiade.

Aphyle intorta, sp. n.

2. Palpi red. Headand thorax brownish red. Abdomen

crimson above, buff underneath. Legs roseate and buff;

tarsi buff. Primaries lilacine red; a faint antemedial and

postmedial dark line from below cell to inner margin; the

outer margin pale yellow, incurved from apex to just below

vein 6, then inwardly straight and perpendicular to tornus,

separated from the dark portion of the wing below vein 6 by

a purplish line outwardly edged with roseate ; subterminal

red points on veins 3, 4, and 5. Secondaries crimson.

Underneath roseate, without the dark line separating the two

colours on primaries.

Expanse 39 mm.

Hab. Sixola River; Sept.

Closely allied to A. incarnata, Wlk.

Automolis vampa, sp. 0.

Body ochreous; two black points posteriorly on thorax.

Legs streaked light and dark grey. Wings ochreous. Pri-

maries: a subbasal dark point below cell; inner margin

medially lilacine, with a black streak ; basal half of costal

margin and end of cell lilacine, streaked with black; black

streaks from cell reaching outer margin between veins 2 and

3, 4. and 5, and 5 and 6; shorter streaks above veins 3, 6,

and 7, these streaks more or less edged with lilacine. _Under-

neath: primaries with a dark space at end of cell and streaks

above veins 2—4; the costa lilacine.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. Sixola River; Sept.

Very closely allied to A. polystria, Schs.

Melese sixola, sp. n.

Antennz long, pectinated. Palpi roseate, salmon-colour in

front. Head salmon-colour; a grey spot on frons. Tegula

and patagia grey, edged with roseate. Abdomen roseate

above, buff underneath. ‘Legs roseate and grey; tarsi

whitish. Primaries grey, thinly irrorated with darker scales ;

a crimson streak on subcostal vein ; a subbasal greyish streak

Hleterocera from Costa Rica, 403

below cell, followed by a small red and black spot; a small

red spot in cell, partly edged with black scales ; base of inner

margin roseate, followed by an antemedial large yellow-white

spot, edged with red and divided by a red streak on sub-

median; two small similar spots medially above and below

the submedian ; a small red spot between veins 2 and 3; a

postmedial whitish streak from vein 5 to costa, edged with

red. Secondaries roseate.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab, Sixola River ; Sept.

Melese sixola frater, subsp. n.

Like Melese sizo/a, but with only a small crimson post-

medial spot between veins 5 and 6, and no spot between

veins 2 and 3.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Sixola River; Sept.

Melese quadrina, sp. n.

Antenne fasciculate. Palpi roseate, the second and third

joints grey in front. Head, collar, and thorax greyish brown,

the collar with a few red hairs posteriorly. Abdomen roseate

above, buff underneath. Legs: tarsi whitish; tibia roseate,

streaked with grey. Primaries light brown; a small sub-

basal black spot below cell; a black quadrate spot in middle

of cell; a small antemedial white spot edged with black

resting on submedian vein ; a postmedial white spot on costa,

and below it between veins 5 and 7 two white points edged

with black ; from end of cell to middle of inner margin four

indistinct dark brown spots. Secondaries roseate, below and

beyond cell slightly hyaline whitish.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas ; Jan., Nov.

Ochrodota marina, sp. n.

¢. Palpi brown, tipped with ochreous. Frons light

brown, vertex whitish. Tegula and patagia white, edged

with brown. Thorax posteriorly dark brown. Abdomen

yellow; a lateral row of black spots and a subdorsal black

spot on last segment. Primaries dark brown, darkest along

inner margin, medially below vein 2, and beyond cell; base,

antemedial space above submedian, cell to near end, and

costal margin to end of cell whitish, with reddish-brown

annular and irregular lines ; apical portion above vein 6 also

21*

404 Mr. W. Schaus on

whitish, with similar lines. Secondaries yellow; the outer

margin black, narrowing at anal angle and also narrower at

apex. Underneath similar, but paler.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Sixola River; March.

Pachydota josefina, sp. n.

3d. Head, thorax, legs, and abdomen below dark brown;

the vertex creamy white ; the coxze orange. Abdomen above

orange, with a large dorsal black space on second and third

segments, followed by three black subdorsal spots ; lateral

black marks adjoining the dark underside. Primaries lilacine

brown, with the usual darker transverse streaks, the post-

medial bifurcating below vein 3 and containing the pale

discocellular ; the subterminal coalescing with the dark

marginal shades below vein 3. Secondaries brown; the

discal area whitish. Underneath, the primaries are brown,

with darker veins; the secondaries brownish white, with

dark veins ; a brown costa and apex.

Expanse 55 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Pachydota inermis, sp. n.

3d. Head and thorax black-brown; vertex creamy white ;

fore coxe orange. Abdomen above orange; first segment

black; second and third with black subdorsal tufts, leaving

only large yellow lateral spots; the other segments with fine

transverse black lines posteriorly ; underneath black, with

lateral yellow tufts at base, anal hairs black. Primaries

lilacine brown, with dark markings, the base dark; an ante-

medial band; the postmedial enclosing a light spot at end of

cell and bifureating below vein 3, where the outer portion

extends to outer margin; an oblique subapical wavy line

from costa to vein 3; an apical irregular patch. Secondaries:

the basal area to beyond cell dirty white; the veins dark ;

the outer margin broadly brown. Underneath : secondaries

dirty white, the costa tinged with lilacine ; the subcostal and

discocellular dark brown ; the other veins light brown.

Expanse, ¢ 47, 9 49 mm.

Hab. Sixola River, 'Tuis; May.

Pachydota nitens, sp. n.

g. Body blackish brown; vertex creamy white; all the

cox yellow; the abdomen with lateral yellow spots, becoming

Tleterocera from Costa Rica, 405

larger towards last segment, and only separated by a black

subdorsal line on the two segments before the last. Pri-

maries shining lilacine brown, with the dark lines as in

P. inermis, but the outer portion of postmedial continues to

inner margin near tornus. Secondaries black, with a semi-

eg white space at base, below cell, and slightly in cell.

ings below black, with only the semihyaline space on

secondaries,

Expanse, ¢, 50 mm.

The female differs in having the abdomen orange dorsally,

except a black subdorsal space on two basal segments, and

fine black transverse lines on the two following segments.

The secondaries underneath immediately distinguish this

species from the female of P. inermis.

Expanse, ?, 52 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Pachydota nitens, ab. rosettincta, ab. nov.

¢d. Similar to P. nitens, but with the dorsal black band

broader, leaving five lateral orange spots. Underneath, the

secondaries have the hyaline space broadly edged above and

below with roseate, which shows through on the upper

surface.

Expanse 50 mm.

Hab. Tuis; May.

Opharus roseistriga, sp. n.

Palpi dark brown, the second segment shaded with buff.

Frons dark brown. Vertex and patagia dorsally light buff.

Collar roseate, shaded with brown posteriorly. Patagise

outwardly dark brown. A roseate spot on thorax posteriorly.

Abdomen blackish brown ; a lateral roseate streak extending

dorsally on last segment ; anal hairs pale buff. Legs brown,

the tarsi tinged with buff. Primaries dark brown, with a

vague darker shade at end of cell ; the costal margin brownish

buff. Secondaries dark brown, slightly hyaline in, below,

and beyond cell.

Expanse 43 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; June.

Allied to O. linus, Schs.

Agorea inconspicua, sp. n.

Head, collar, and anal segments orange; some brown on

frons. Palpi, thorax, and abdomen brown, the outer portion

406 Mr. W. Schaus on

of abdomen dorsally darker. Wings brown ; the discal area

of secondaries more thinly scaled.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas ; February, May.

Brycea carpintera, sp. n.

3. Body black. Wings black, except the basal half of

fore wings, which is orange, with a narrow black space at

base and a short basal streak on costa; the basal half of costal

margin also orange. Underneath similar.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Tres Rios, on the Carpintera Mountain ; Sept.

Hehactinidia sitia, sp. n.

Palpi orange, tipped with grey. Head orange. Antenne

black. Collar and patagia grey, the latter with a darker

streak inwardly. Thorax and abdomen orange, with a sub-

dorsal black line. Legs dark grey outwardly, yellowish

inwardly. Primaries olive-grey, the veins yellowish; a pale

shade from costa above discocellular to inner margin near

tornus; a few orange scales on this shade at and above

discocellulars. Secondaries orange.

Expanse, ¢ 38, 9 40 mm.

Hab. Sixola River; Tuis, Juan Vinas, El Sitio.

Closely allied to H. flavivena, Dogn.

Diospage carilla, sp. n.

9. Legs black, irrorated with metallic green. Head,

collar, and thorax black, with metallic-green spots; frons

metallic green; patagia with only a short green streak in-

wardly. Abdomen black; a subdorsal dark green streak,

lateral green transverse spots, obsolescent on segments 5 and

6; underneath, last three segments scarlet. Wings black.

Primaries: basal third dark gold-green in cell, below cell,

and just under submedian vein; a broad postmedial oblique

ochreous space from just below costa to below vein 2.

Secondaries: basal half dark blue, with a lighter blue streak

along median and one near inner margin. Underneath, the

secondaries are streaked with blue at base, shortly in the cell,

with two spots beyond cell.

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab. Carillo.

Looks very much like Belemniastis trotschi, Druce.

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. AOT

Calidota quadripunctata, sp. n.

* Palpi and body below brown. Legs brown; the coxe

yellow. Frons dark brown. Vertex and collar buff, the

former with a single black spot, the latter with two black

spots. Thorax light brown. Abdomen above yellow, with

a subdorsal row of black spots and a brownish tuft near base.

Primaries light brown; a small black spot at end of cell and

three spots beyond cell, the two spots between veins 4 and 6

much larger than the spot between 3 and 4. Secondaries

pale greyish brown, the discal area thinly scaled.

Expanse 49 mm.

Hab, Avangarez; July.

Allied to C. rema, Dogn., but quite distinct.

Euchetes mitis, sp. n.

Head and thorax grey ; a roseate line behind head. Legs

greyish brown ; fore coxz streaked with roseate. Abdomen

roseate above, with subdorsal and lateral row of black spots,

the ventral surface grey. Fore wings grey. Hind wings

whitish in the male, dark grey in the female.

Expanse, ¢ 33, 2? 41 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, El Sitio.

This is subsp. 2 of Kuchetes expressa, Edw., in the

‘Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalzne.’

Lymantriada.

Eloria torrida, sp. n.

Body and legs creamy white. Wings white, thinly scaled.

Primaries: the costa finely dark brown ; the apex and outer

margin above vein 4 narrowly brown. Underneath similar,

with the costa more broadly brown.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Sixola River, Esperanza, La Florida.

Eloria sixola, sp. n.

Head and collar yellow. Legs streaked with dark brown

and grey. Body whitish, thinly scaled; some yellow hairs

on patagia. Wings white, thinly scaled, the veins more

heavily scaled. Primaries: the costa finely brown. Under-

neath the costa of primaries narrowly, the outer margin and

apex broadly brown, narrowing at tornus.

Expanse, ¢, 44-46 mm.

Hab. Sixola River; April.

408 Mr. W. Schaus on

Eloria geometrina, sp. n.

Palpi dark grey, orange at’ base. Head, collar, spots below

wings, and anal tufts orange; body otherwise grey with

faint whitish transverse lines posteriorly on abdominal seg-

ments. Legs brown streaked with white. Wings white,

thinly scaled. Primaries: the costa narrowly, the outer and

inner margins broadly dark grey; a greyish streak in cell,

and a greyish diaphanous shade below cell ; a broad oblique

grey shade from median between veins 2 and 3 to inner

margin. Secondaries: the outer margin dark grey ; a grey

streak from base to anal angle along the inner margin, and

a short streak along vein 2 on postmedial space to outer

margin.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. El Sito; May. Juan Vinas; May.

Orgyia povera, sp. n.

Head and thorax dark brownish grey. Abdomen brown.

Primaries light brown, darker on basal half of costa and cell;

a geminate faint reddish-brown line at end of cell; a vague

darker antemedial shade below cell to inner margin; an

indistinct and interrupted postmedial lunular line followed by

darker but indistinct spots; fringe dark grey. Secondaries

dark brown.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab, Avangarez Mines ; July.

Orgyta costaricensis, sp. Nn.

Body buff, the thorax mottled with darker scales ; subdorsal

tufts of dark curly scales on first and third segment of abdo-

men. Primaries: the basal third mottled buff and brown,

limited by a slightly oblique dark brown antemedial shade,

and containing an interrupted black basal line and a large

ovate brown spot below the cell; the costa from antemedial

to postmedial broadly creamy buff or greyish; a steel-grey

medial shade from subcostal to submedian, followed at end

of cell by an interrupted geminate brown line; from end

of cell to postmedial the space is also filled in with steel-

grey; the postmedial is outcurved beyond cell, incurved

. below vein 2, thick, black, lunular, followed at apex by some

black and buff; the outer margin is light brown partly shaded

with grey; sometimes a terminal dark line. Secondaries

creamy buff, with some dark marginal shading at apex.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Tuis; June. Juan Vinas; June.

Allied to O. falcata, Schs.

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 409

Eupterotida.

Apatelodes turrialba, sp. n.

Palpi velvety black-brown. Head and thorax brownish,

irrorated with grey; a black shade posteriorly on head.

Abdomen lighter than thorax. Primaries grey, the lines and

vein 2 black; three antemedial lines close together, the inner

one oblique from costa to vein 2, then slightly lunular to

inner margin, preceded by small black spots above and below

submedian, the middle line faint, interrupted, the outer line

very slightly curved, distinct; the two postmedial lines wide

apart, oblique from costa, slightly incurved below vein 4,

and between them a fine indistinct dark geminate shade; a

small subterminal white spot between veins 6 and 7; fringe

brown, Secondaries: the base dark grey followed by a

broad medial shade still darker, angled at vein 6 and internal

nervure ; the outer half of wing lighter silky grey; some

whitish scales at anal angle, and a blackish shade above them

on inner margin. Underneath lighter grey. The primaries

with the postmedial lines less distinct; the costa shaded

with white; the white spot surmounted by a white streak.

Secondaries: an irregular blackish medial line, followed by

an indistinct dark line; the postmedial line outwardly shaded

with white and much curved near anal angle.

Expanse, ¢, 52 mm.

Hab. Volcano Turrialba, 5800 ft.; Sept.

Apatelodes vitrea, sp. n.

Thorax dark violaceous brown. Abdomen above dark

reddish brown. Body below and head light brown. Collar

light reddish brown, Primaries dark brown tinged with

blackish grey below cell and vein 4, otherwise tinged with

reddish ; a few whitish scales in place of antemedial line; a

lunular fine lilacine subterminal line below vein 5, followed

by lilacine scales ; a large vitreous spot between veins 6

and 7, and a smaller one between 7 and 8; the outer margin

slightly incurved above vein 6 and below vein 5. Secondaries

dark reddish brown; some whitish scales and darker brown

spots on inner margin. Underneath light reddish brown,

the inner margin of secondaries broadly paler, and with a

medial and a postmedial darker curved line, the former

blackish on discocellular.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab, Tuis ; Sept.

410 Mr. W. Schaus on

Apatelodes paratima, sp. n.

Head and palpi brown. Thorax buff. Abdomen above:

first segment dark velvety brown, other segments buff shaded

with brown on last segments and with a subdorsal row of

small brown spots; two lateral reddish-brown spots near

base. Body underneath and tufts on legs reddish brown.

Primaries buff; small antemedial, medial, and postmedial

brown spots on costa ; a larger triangular spot on costa before

apex broadly bordered with white, which is really part of

the curved whitish subterminal line, almost obsolete below

vein 6; adark point in cell; an oblique brown spot on inner

margin at a third from base; the outer margin shaded with

grey between veins 2 and 5. Secondaries brownish buff

with a faint whitish curved outer line. Underneath: primaries

Luff; the costa creamy buff; a brown streak on discocellular ;

a grey subcostal streak; dark grey and brown shadings from

cell to subterminal, which is more distinctly marked; the spot

on costa before apex grey; the outer margin at apex ochreous

brown. Secondaries ochreous brown, broadly shaded with

white on inner margin, containing a dark basal streak and

a postmedial brown patch; the discocellular dark brown ;

the costa white irrorated with grey ; the subterminal white

line straight from costa, angled between veins 3 and 4; the

veins on brownish portion dark grey irrorated with reddish

brown.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Avangarez, Tuis.

Allied to A. imparata, Dogn.

Olceclostera magniplaga, sp. n.

Head and thorax lilacine grey with brown irrorations.

Abdomen reddish brown; fine transverse white lines poste-

riorly on segments ; two sublateral white spots on basal

segments. Primaries lilacine grey ; a short black streak at

end of cell edged with lighter grey ; a broad irregular ante-

medial darker transverse shade containing a dark point on

median and submedian veins; a similar postmedial shade,

broadest beyond cell, inwardly edged by a darker shade

slightly outeurved beyond cell and below vein 2, and out-

wardly edged by an interrupted brown line much outcurved

towards apex and between vein 2 and submedian ; a large

transparent spot subterminally between veins 5 and 6, rather

elongated with straight edges, and a slight transparent dash

\ below vein 5; the outer margin above vein 2 brown, widest

ggg veins 4 and 5, partly edged by a lunular brown line;

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 411

a brownish streak on costa near apex. Secondaries brown,

darkest on inner area; a postmedial darker brown line.

Underneath light brown, with dark points at end of cell,

two postmedial lines on primaries, incurved below vein 5,

and on secondaries a dark medial line, and an outer finely

lunular line.

Expanse, ¢, 45 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; June. El Sitio; May.

Olceclostera nigripuncta, sp. n.

Body lilacine grey with a few brown irrorations ; a sub-

lateral reddish-brown spot on first two segments crossed by

two white lines. Primaries dull grey ; traces of a basal and

an antemedial blackish line ; a medial and a postmedial brown

shade, the latter outwardly curved beyond cell and above

inner margin, and followed by a lunular dark line puncetiform

on veins ; a small black spot on inner margin just before

middle ; a subterminal very small hyaline spot between veins

5 and 6 ; a minute point at end of cell ; indistinct subapical

lunular marks. Secondaries brown with traces of a pale

outer line. Underneath the wings are greyish buff with

black points at end of cell; a single outer dark line on

primaries ; a brown medial shade on secondaries followed by

a blackish-brown punctiform lunular line.

Expanse 39 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas ; June, November. La Florida; July.

Olceclostera indentata, sp. n.

Palpi, legs, head, and thorax mottled grey and brown.

Abdomen reddish brown above, irrorated with grey scales,

and fine greyish transverse lines posteriorly on segments ;

underneath grey irrorated thinly with brown, and with sub-

lateral white points, larger on two basal segments. Primaries

lilacine grey, thinly irrorated with brown; the markings

brown ; a dot and very faint basal line ; a geminate ante-

medial line, the outer portion heavier, incurved in cell and

below vein 2; a dark point at end of cell; the postmedial

outeurved beyond cell, then lunular to inner margin followed

by a series of dark points connected by a fine greyish-white

lunular line; a transparent spot between veins 5 and

indentate on its outer side; a fine subterminal lunular line

from costa to vein 3; the fringe dark brown. Secondaries

brown with traces of a medial and postmedial line. Under-

neath: primaries light brown, the costal and outer margins

shaded with grey ; a brownish streak on discocellular ; the

412 Mr. W. Schaus on

postmedial line not lunular below vein 2, and followed by

another line slightly lunular. Secondaries greyish irrorated

with brown; a black point at end of cell; a medial thick

brown line, outcurved beyond cell ; a postmedial row of dark

points indistinctly connected by a fine wavy line.

‘Expanse, ¢, 40 mm.

Hab. Sixola River; March.

Olceclostera avangareza, sp. N.

Head and thorax mottled grey and brown. Abdomen light

brown irrorated with grey and brown. Primaries irrorated

grey and brown; geminate antemedial and postmedial lines,

within which the colour is more of a brown; the antemedial

line is basally indentate on its inner side, nearly straight on

its medial side ; the postmedial on its basal side is curved

beyond cell, then nearly straight to inner margin and heavily

marked, its outer part is fine, slightly wavy, and outcurved

between vein 2 and submedian ; the outer margin brownish

limited by a fine lunular line ; a small subterminal hyaline

spot between veins 5 and 6. Secondaries light brown ; a

dark line at end of cell; a dark median line ; a fine post-

medial line, slightly outcurved before reaching the inner

margin. Underneath light brown ; a dark streak on disco-

cellular of primaries and the two postmedial lines only ; on

secondaries the outer line is whitish and angled between

veins 5 and 6.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Avangarez Mines; July.

Closely allied to O. azteca, Schs.

Zanola tuisa, sp. n.

Body brownish buff, the legs irrorated with darker brown.

Primaries brownish buff, thinly irrorated with brown scales ;

an antemedial brownish shade bifureating on costa; a small

white spot at end of cell containing a black point; a postmedial

brown shade incurved between vein 4 and just above sub-

median, followed by a fine lunular line punctiform on veins ;

two small subterminal white spots between veins 4 and 6,

separated by a dark shade, the upper spot being the larger ;

a dark brown streak on costa before apex ; the fringe dark

brown between the veins. Secondaries whitish buff ; a dark

point in cell followed by a medial and a postmedial brown

wavy line; the fringe dark brown. Underneath the second-

aries are irrorated with dark brown, the discal spot is larger,

and the postmedial line more dentate, partly shaded with

black. .

ieee ee

el eam

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 413

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Vuis ; June. Sixola River ; Sept.

Close to Z. ennomoides, W\k.

Zanola fieldi, sp. n.

Body above dark brown slightly tinged with reddish,

underneath buff, the abdomen with lateral oblique brown

streaks and black points. Primaries dark brown-grey ; the

costal margin and basal third below between cell and sub-

median dull reddish brown ; traces of an antemedial, medial,

and postmedial dark line below the subcostal vein; some

buff scales on discocellular; a fine dark subterminal out-

wardly lunular line ; a terminal inwardly lunular line con-

tiguous to a small patch of buff scales between veins 4 and 5 ;

a light brown shade at tornus. Secondaries dark brown

shaded with reddish brown above cell and veins 6, and also

a whitish medial space on costa. Primaries below brown ;

the inner margin and outer margin below vein 5 buff; the

postmedial and subterminal lines nearly straight. Secondaries

below buff, irrorated thinly with light reddish brown ; a dark

point at end of cell and a reddish-brown medial shade ; the

subterminal brown and grey partly edged with black, very

broad with the margins dentate. ‘The costal margin of

secondaries is excised, and the apex is also excised.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Sixola River ; March.

Named after Mr. H. M. Field, whose great kindness in

lending me his powerful acetylene light enabled me to pro-

cure many new species.

Zanola elongata, sp. n.

Head and thorax reddish brown. Abdomen above dark

brown. Primaries: the costal margin dull brown with some

antemedial white scales ; cell and space beyond to postmedial

dark reddish brown; the discocellular black edged with

bright reddish brown; on basal half below cell a large bright

reddish-brown space crossed by the dark brown antemedial

line ; from this space to postmedial line below cell and vein 3

the colour is reddish brown; the postmedial line ,is dark

brown, wavy, and almost subterminal; the outer margin

dark brown, somewhat paler at tornus; a subterminal dark

lunular line chiefly visible between veins 4 and 7, where it

crosses a patch of bright reddish brown which is widest be-

tween veins 4 and 5; below vein 5 the margin is wavy and

oblique, giving the wing a long and narrow appearance.

414 Mr. W. Schaus on

Secondaries dark brown. Underneath the primaries are

dark brown; the inner margin pale buff; a pale marginal

space between veins 4 and 7, anda nearly straight postmedial

line. Secondaries underneath light brown mottled with

lilacine and reddish brown; a dark brown shade from apex

to middle of inner margin, crossed at costa by the black

postmedial line which is lunular, dentate; a wavy paler

brown shade on outer margin. ‘The costa of secondaries is

straight-and slightly produced upwards at apex.

Expanse 41 mm.

Hab. Tuis; August.

Bears a superficial resemblance to Z. verago, Cr.

Colla celestis, sp. n.

$. Legs white shaded with brown. Palpi brown. Head

and thorax white ; some brown on frons. Abdomen oliva-

ceous brown above, laterally and underneath white. Wings

white opalescent. Primaries: some antemedial and post-

medial ochreous spots on costa; a broad subterminal space

from vein 4 to costa broken by the veins and divided by a

fine white line; a single subterminal spot between veins 2

and 8, these spots are apparently grey but also opalescent in

the proper light; a marginal grey shade, not opalescent, cut

by the veins; a terminal white line; fringe white outwardly,

grey basally. Secondaries: some olivaceous-brown spots on

inner margin, a grey spot above anal angle, and some

marginal grey spots between angle and vein 4.

9. Wings dirty white. Primaries: a basal space, and

two antemedial smoky shades, slightly curved ; a geminate

postmedial shade curved from costa to vein 4, partly coalescing,

followed by a broader similar shade, interrupted between

veins 3 and 4. Secondaries as in the male.

Expanse, ¢ 27, ¢ 34 mm.

Hab. Sixola River ; March, September.

Dalceride.

Acraga hamata, sp. n.

Primaries somewhat falcate, slightly produced and rounded

below vein 4. Secondaries incurved below apex, the anal

angle produced. Antenne brownish buff. Head and thorax

deep yellow. Abdomen pale yellow. Wings bright yellow ;

the costal margin of secondaries whitish.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; June. Tuis; May.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 415

Acraga goes, sp. n.

g. Lemon-colour; the frons slightly tinged with grey,

the inner margin of primaries a trifle darker; the costal

margin of secondaries slightly whitish.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Anacraga philetera, sp. n.

d+ Body orange. Primaries orange, darkest on inner

margin, Secondaries orange; the costal margin broadly

whitish yellow. Underside “paler.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Sixola, La Florida.

Dalcera ? innowia, sp. n.

Head and thorax grey mottled with white. Abdomen

dark grey above with some white hairs. Primaries greyish

brown; a white spot at base; a white streak below cell,

interrupted by veins 2 and 3; a white streak above basal

half of inner margin; some white on extreme inner margin

on outer half; fringe white with dark spots at end of veins,

and faint terminal white markings between the veins.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Bajos del ‘Toro Amarillo ; April.

‘This species will require a new genus, as veins 7, 8, 9 are

stalked, 10 is free, and 11 anastomoses with subvontal.

Minacraga argentea, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax anteriorly whitish buff. Thorax

posteriorly and abdomen silvery. Primaries silvery buff,

except a large silvery-white irregular ovate space extending

from the costal margin to inner margin near tornus, finely

edged with ochreous and dark brown scales ; terminal dark

points on veins, the largest at tip of vein 7. Secondaries

white irrorated with silver scales. Underneath white.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; June.

Dalcerides bicolor, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, legs, and abdomen below orange-red,

Abdomen above blackish brown. Primaries orange- red, the

veins slightly darker. Secondaries black, thinly scaled,

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab, Volcano Poas; May.

416 Mr. W. Schaus on

Megalopygide.

Mesocia fluxa, sp. n.

Head whitish; frons light brown. Legs light brown

partly streaked with white. Collar and thorax white with

some light brown and greenish-white shadings. Abdomen

black ; anal hairs white, and a white subdorsal tuft at base.

Primaries : costa, base, inner margin finely, and apex white,

the latter streaked with grey; the celljust beyond it, below it,

and narrowly along inner margin pale greenish irrorated with

black ; the outer margin below vein 7 broadly light brown

with intervenal grey streaks; an indistinct marginal white

line. Secondaries black, the veins terminally whitish, and

whitish shadings at anal angle.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Sixola River.

Pattern of wings similar to M. lorna, Schs., but different in

colour.

Trosia venata, sp. n.

Antenne, head, and collar ochreous brown. Frons and

legs blackish brown. Thorax pale brown; patagia whitish.

Abdomen white tinged above with yellow. Wings white.

Primaries: the costal margin and veins light brown.

Expanse 39 mm.

Hab. Avangarez; July. Esperanza; May.

Megalopyge montana, sp. n.

Head reddish brown, darkest on vertex. Thorax mottled

reddish brown and buff posteriorly. Abdomen dark brown

with transverse whitish bands. Primaries: the base and

outer margin pale buff ; the intermediate space brown, darkest

antemedially and on costal margin ; some dark spots at base;

an outer white line, lunular, separated by the veins and

shaded on either side with darker brown, except outwardly

between veins 3 and 5; the apical third of costa light brown ;

a terminal dark line interrupted by the veins. Secondaries

light brown; the outer margin pale buff; a terminal inter-

rupted dark line. Underneath brown, the outer margins

pale buff; the terminal line as above.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; February. El Sitio; May.

Allied to M. salacia, Druce, but altogether paler.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 417

Lacosomide.

Cicinnug tuisana, sp. n.

Head light reddish brown, collar roseate grey. Thorax

grey. Abdomen roseate grey, all irrorated thinly with black

scales. Wings lilacine grey thinly irrorated with black.

Primaries: apex produced, acute, falcate ; a dark round spot

at end of cell; an indistinct dark antemedial shade; the

postmedial oblique from costa, black, angled between veins

7 and 8, then inwardly oblique to inner margin, pale buff,

indistinct, finely shaded with black, followed by a brownish

shade below vein 3, most heavily marked between 2 and 5

and on submedian ; a subterminal red dash across vein 6;

the apex slightly darker grey. Secondaries : a black spot at

end of cell; a medial curved black line, followed by a broad

brownish shade especially on inner margin. Underneath

grey with heavier black irrorations, and partly shaded with

reddish ; a terminal red patch on primaries between veins 3

and 7.

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab, Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Allied to C. mexicana, Druce.

Cicinnus prominens, sp. 0.

?. Head and collar reddish fawn, the latter edged

posteriorly with grey. Thorax roseate grey. Abdomen

reddish brown above, all irrorated thinly with black scales.

Wings grey. Primaries: the costal margin for four-fifths

roseate buff, crossed by a medial oblique black streak, and a

black spot at four-fifths from base; the cell and antemedial

area below cell pale reddish, outwardly limited below cell by

a wavy dark line, and containing a black basal spot ; a white

streak on discocellular ; the subterminal line fine, black, from

costal spot oblique to vein 7 near margin, then inwardly wavy

to inner margin at two-thirds from base, followed above

vein 5 by a black and red shade, and below vein 4 to inner

margin by a large blackish space broken by grey spots and

red streaks on veins. Secondaries: some red suffusions at

base; a faint antemedial line ; a white streak at end of cell;

a blackish line beyond cell; the outer margin suffused with

dark brown, which extends to a line between veins 3 and 4;

the inner margin narrowly whitish grey. Underneath grey

with dark strie; the primaries suffused with dark brown

except on inner margin; white streaks on discocellular ; the

subterminal line dentate much closer to outer margin; a red

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 28

418 Mr. W. Schaus on

marginal space on primaries from vein 3 to above vein 7 ;

some red streaks on veins of hind wings. The fore wings

are acute and falcate.

Expanse 55 mm.

Hab. El Sitio, Juan Vinas.

Cicinnus latris, sp. n.

Head and collar reddish buff; thorax and abdomen buff,

thinly irrorated with black scales. Wings brownish buff,

thinly irrorated with black scales and striz. Primaries: a

black spot at end of cell ; apex above vein 8 broadly dark

grey; traces of a medial dark line; a black spot on costa at

four-fifths from base; the outer line oblique from costal

space, but intercepted by apical grey space angled at vein 8

and inwardly oblique, fine, blackish, closely followed by a

brown line; a faint brown marginal shade from line at vein 4

to tornus. Secondaries: a faint antemedial line; a black

medial line followed by a faint wavy line; beyond medial

line the wing is dark brown tinged with red at anal angle.

Underneath the black striez are more conspicuous; on

primaries the discal area and veins 2—8 are reddish ; a bright

marginal red space from veins 3-8, limited by the line which

is curved from costa to outer margin at vein 3; on secondaries

there are traces of an iregular subterminal black line.

Primaries acute, falcate.

Expanse, ¢, 94 mm.

The ¢ has the outer margin of hind wings much paler

and there is no red underneath,

Expanse, ?, 63 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Cicinnus lacuna, sp. n.

Head and thorax olivaceous brown. Abdomen buff-brown;

a sublateral dark brown streak; anal hairs dark brown.

Body thinly irrorated with black scales. Primaries: the

costa beyond antemedial line light reddish brown; basal

half of wing brown, somewhat paler medially below cell; a

fine straight antemedial dark brown line ; a black point at

end of cel]; a broad blackish-brown postmedial line, inwardly

oblique from costa to inner margin, beyond which the wing

is dark brown, with a fine blackish line close to postmedial,

but not reaching costa, and still another faint line separates

this space from the olivaceous-brown outer margin; a faint

submarginal line from vein 4 to tornus. Secondaries similar,

but no discal point, and the lines do not quite reach thie

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 419

inner margin, which is light brown. Underneath the wings

are paler; the postmedial line is narrow and slightly wavy,

especially on hind wings ; the discal spot on fore wings is

larger and there is a black point on hind wings; the outer

margins are shaded with dark brown. ‘The female is duller ;

the postmedial line dark brown, geminate ; the outer margin

broadly olivaceous brown with some black irrorations beyond

the line, chiefly on hind wings.

Expanse, ¢ 47, 9 66 mm.

Hab. 'Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Closely allied to C. unalca, Schis.

Cicinnus ligina, sp. n.

Body and wings pale fawn-colour, slightly tinged with

roseate and thinly irrorated with brown scales. Primaries:

a faint wavy light brown antemedial line ; an oblique hyaline

spot at end of cell finely edged with light grey ; a brown

outer line obliquely curved from costa at two-thirds from

base to vein 7, then oblique to inner margin, inwardly shaded

with buff below vein 7; from the angle of line to apex a

faint dark line; a subterminal dark brown spot between

veins 3 and 4, anda fainter spot between 2 and 3; the tornus

slightly excised. Secondaries: the outer margin crenulate ;

a brown medial line inwardly shaded with buff; a small dark

outer spot between veins 3 and 4. Underneath paler; a

single subterminal spot on fore wings between veins 2 and 3;

the line on hind wings subterminal, excurved between veins

2 and 5.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Cachi,

Very closely allied to C. gilia, Schs.

Cicinnus gentilis, sp. n.

Body and wings grey, thinly irrorated with brown; the

veins streaked with light brown. Primaries: a fine ante-

medial light brown line slightly curved; a fine streak at end

of cell running into a hyaline streak on discocellular which

is broadly edged with black ; an oblique grey ish-brown outer

line angled between veins 6 and 7, then inwardly oblique to

inner margin; a fine greyish streak from line at vein 5 to

tornus; a terminal brown shade. Secondaries: a medial

brown line; a grey streak from costa before apex to anal

angle. Underneath similar, except on hind wings, where

420 Mr. W. Schaus on

there is only a postmedial fine brown line slightly angled at

vein 4.

Expanse, ¢, 31 mm.

Hab. Sixola River.

Cicinnus turgidus, sp. n.

Body and wings pinkish fawn-colour, irrorated with dark

brown. A dark brown subdorsal streak on abdomen, and

the segments posteriorly edged with dark brown. Primaries:

a faint wavy antemedial light brown line; an_ oblique

brownish line from middle of costa to spot at end of cell,

which is oblique and hyaline; the outer line thick, olivaceous

brown, oblique from costa to vein 7 near margin, then angled

and inwardly oblique to inner margin, inwardly shaded with

buff; a wavy black streak from angle of line toapex ; a faint

blackish line from vein 4 to near tornus. Secondaries slightly

crenulate ; a heavy olivaceous-brown medial line, a blackish

streak from vein 4 near line to outer margin near anal angle.

Underneath paler ; the outer line narrower, on secondaries

straight from costa near apex to vein 4, then slightly angled;

a subterminal black spot on fore wings above vein 2, anda

smaller spot below vein 2.

Expanse 60 mm.

Hab. Sixola River ; Sept.

Allied to C. trailii, Btl.

Cicinnus dulcis, sp. n.

Body yellowish buff. Primaries : the basal third of costa,

the base to antemedial line, and the outer margin light

olivaceous brown; the medial space slightly light reddish

brown, below vein 2 pale roseate lilacine, which extends

slightly beyond line, but less marked ; the apex above angle

of outer line roseate lilacine ; the outer line curved from

costa to vein 7, blackish on costa and very fine along vein 7,

angled and nearly straight to inner margin just beyond

middle, dark brown, inwardly shaded with buff ; a brownish

streak from costa at two-thirds to discal spot which is hyaline

and cut by vein 5; a few black irrorations on medial space ;

a faint darker shade from vein 4 to tornus. Secondaries :

the base to line roseate lilacine with a few black irrorations ;

the medial line straight as on fore wings ; the outer margin

olivaceous brown tinged with roseate at apex and anal angle.

Underneath roseate, the outer margin suffused with brown ;

—— oo CGr

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 421

the outer line curved beyond cell on fore wings with a black

subcostal spot, and the marginal shades below vein 4 heavier

and blackish ; on hind wings the line is wavy and slightly

angled between veins 3 and 4,

Expanse 46 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; January.

Cicinnus volucris, sp. 0.

3. Body and wings dark brown. Fore wings narrow,

very falcate ; hind wings produced at anal angle. Primaries:

the costal and outer margins lighter brown irrorated with

dark brown; the outer line still darker brown, angled

between veins 6 and 7, closely followed below angle by a

blackish line, which at angle extends to apex; a curved

shade consisting of black irrorations from vein 3 at line to

submedian ; an oblique hyaline spot at end of cell, cut by

vein 5. Hind wings rather paler ; a hyaline point at end of

cell; the line as on fore wings diverging near inner margin

to anal angle. Underneath paler ; the marginal spots beyond

line more heavily marked.

Expanse 37 mm.

Hab. Sixola ; Sept.

Cicinnus beta, sp. n.

Head, collar, and abdomen above light reddish fawn ;

abdomen below and thorax roseate grey, thinly irrorated with

black. Wings roseate grey, thinly irrorated with black.

Fore wings: the costa finely olivaceous brown ; an ante-

medial, curved, light brown shade ; a medial dark spot on

costa; at end of cell an upright hyaline spot outwardly edged

with black and cut by vein 5 forming a small letter B ; the

outer line fine, brownish, from costa to vein 8, then angled

and increasing in width to inner margin, black, inwardly

shaded with grey, and followed from below vein 4 by a larger

whitish patch thickly irrorated with black ; a brownish line

from angle to apex; a small reddish shade between 7 and 8;

the outer margin dull grey ; the veins partly streaked with

reddish. Hind wings: the basal half roseate grey with some

slight reddish-brown mottling and dark irrorations ; a hyaline

spot as on primaries, closely followed by a black transverse

line, beyond which the margin is duller grey with brown and

reddish shadings ; at apex a pale patcli as at tornus on fore

wings, and a similar smaller and darker space at anal angle.

429 Mr. G. Dollman on

Primaries below with the disk shaded with red, and a marginal

red space between veins 4 and 8, inwardly edged by a dark

line ; some dark shades beyond discal spot; an inwardly

curved black line along vein 3 and to inner margin, followed

by a pale patch with black irrorations. Secondaries below

roseate grey ; a reddish-brown patch around discal spot, one

at apex, and another at anal angle, the latter surmounted by

a semilunar black line.

Hab. Sixola River ; Sept.

Closely allied to C. lemoult?, Schs.

Cicinnus alsa, sp. n.

Head reddish fawn-colour. Body and wings olivaceous

buif, with a few scattered black scales. Primaries: the

costal margin tinged with roseate, the extreme costa finely

brown ; a black spot above vein 8 at four-fifths from base,

from which a fine line extends to near margin, where it is

angled and forms a slight inward curve to inner margin

postmedially ; this line is of a darker shade and outwardly

bordered with light buff; a small hyaline spot at end of cell,

edged with black on basal side; a very faint antemedial

darker shade. Secondaries: a subbasal dark shade ; a faint

whitish spot at end of cell ; the outer line as on fore wings,

not quite straight. Underneath the wings are more reddish

brown; a faint dark fine subterminal line on primaries curved

between 7 and 5, straight to 2, then incurved to inner

margin ; on secondaries slightly incurved below costa, then

outcurved to inner margin; the black on discal spot of

primaries more conspicuous. The wings are broad, and the

outer margin of secondaries evenly rounded.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. 'Turrialba, 5800 feet, Juan Vinas.

Allied to C. tmpertta, Dogn.

XLV.—A Note on Alouatta discolor of Spzz.

By Guy DoLLMAN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue British Museum has recently acquired a series of

monkeys from Miritiba, Maranhao, Brazil, which appear to

represent the Varied Howling Monkey described by Spix as

Alouatta discolor of Spix. 423

Mycetes discolor*. The skins are so strikingly different in

colour from those of A. be/zebul that it is at once evident that

discolor must be recognized as specifically distinct from

belzebul. The series includes an adult male individual

which is quite in agreement with Spix’s description and

late.

The following is a brief account of the general appearance

of this monkey :—

Size of body, in adult male, a little smaller than in

A. belzebul.

Top of head and shoulders brownish black, many of the

hairs with reddish-orange tips. Forehead and whiskers

black. Back, from shoulders to rump, golden brown, a

broad, dark, indistinct stripe extending down the mid line,

the golden-brown colour being most evident on the flanks.

Rump and upper sides of hind limbs black. Inner sides of

thighs reddish brown. Upper sides of fore limbs black.

Backs of hands and feet black speckled with red. Fingers

and toes clothed with long yellowish-red hair. Under surface

of body nearly naked, a few golden hairs on the belly and

under sides of hind limbs. ‘Throat with dense black beard.

Basal half of tail black, speck'ed with reddish orange, the

orange colour becoming more dominant towards the apical

portion ; tip yellowish orange.

In another male individuai the colour-scheme is much the

same, but the black regions are brownish, giving the animal

a much lighter appearance.

The above description is sufficient to show how markedly

different this species is from A. belzebul, and though both

species appear to exhibit a considerable degree of colour-

variation, there can be no question as to the specific differences

between the two forms.

In A. discolor the females are very unlike the males, being

both smaller in size and very different in colour. The

females of A. belzebul are also smaller than the males, though

not to such a marked extent as in discolor. As regards the

colour, in A. discolor the females appear very much lighter

than the males. In one individual the general colour of the

upper surface is pale yellowish brown, slightly darker down

the midline. Limbs olive-black above, speckled with yellow.

Backs of hands pale yellowish grey. Bucks of feet reddish

orange ; the toes clothed with long yellow-coloured hairs.

‘Lhe females would appear to be quite as variable in colour

* Spix, Sim. et Vesp. Bras, 1823, p. 48, pL xxxiv.

424 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new

as the males, one specimen in this series being quite reddish

brown, suggesting the senicula group.

The skulls of both sexes are rather smaller than those of

A, belzebul.

Dimensions (in millimetres) :— -

Skin. Skull

g 43

a Ss —" . ow .

die] a¢ a |35¢

“ ; 32 a bao 2 ty) Pa s

be Ss : S = £8 a 2 D> tee

Ss al eet Oy | soa) 501s a | He | iS)

ro) 7 — = =] = O° Ad

2 i=] op 2 a Ho 5 = es!

. Oo j=} o Om ml _ ae

ine] a Ts CC) = a= | . “ 3S ots

=| rol = 1 a Po a2 S = "

5 213/424 \8181325 |a) Gees

eS ese) Sa Sal ke o|5|s582/ 8 ab ee

mS [Fac] Bee) So) ee) Sie a

aI /sal|/eHIo|] A INIA] A a} a | A

* 4, discolor...... 6 1594) 547 | 1844125) 103°5) 79 |13°4 52 40°8) 62°8 35°2

A, belzebul ...) S 1600|605/15 [186] 111-2) 86 |15°5 56 47 | 64 36°6

“A, discolor..... Q |456/537/119]103) 79 | 61 | 94 45 34 | 45°7 28°6

A. belzebul ...).Q |485|580|}140]112} 86 | 66 |10 54 348] 51 32

XLVI.—Deseriptions of Three new Freshwater Fishes from

West Africa. By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Polypterus ansorgit.

Body as deep as broad in front, its depth 73 to 8 times in

total length. Head nearly twice as long as broad, 4 to 44

times in total length, much flattened, with supero-lateral

eyes and flat interorbital region; jaws equal in front; length

of snout 5 to 5} times in length of head; eye 8 times in

length of head, 14 to 1} times in interoeular width ; latter

less than distance between eye and spiracle; no azygous

shield between the nasals ; a series of 3 or 4 shields between

postorbital and spiraeular shields ; suboperculum not or but

slightly larger than eye. Dorsal with XIII or XIV spines,

all strongly overlapping when folded. Anal 12-13. Pectoral

reaching beyond vertical of first dorsal spine. 55 or 56 scales

in a longitudinal series, 11 to 13 between occiput and first

* Skin dimensions taken from dried skins.

Freshwater Fishes from Wi st Africa. 425

dorsal spine, 42 to 46 round middle of body. Greyish brown

above, with 7 or 8 black bars across the back, and a series of

11 to 13 squarish black spots along each side, with smaller

and more irregular ones below ; fins spotted and mottled with

blackish.

Three specimens, measuring from 180 to 205 mm., were

obtained in June last at Tchitoli, on the River Corbal, Portu-

guese Guinea, by Dr. W. J. Ansorge; one of them has been

presented by him to the British Museum.

Polypterus ansorgii occupies a position intermediate be-

tween Sections I. and II. of the synopsis given by me in the

first volume of the British Museum ‘ Catalogue of African

Freshwater Fishes,’ but is on the whole nearer the first.

The only described species with which it need be compared

are P. congicus and P. endlicheri, in both of which the lower

jaw projects distinctly beyond the snout.

Along with the specimens of the new species Dr. Ansorge

obtained at the same place several young Polypterus palmas,

Ayres, measuring 80 to 100 mm., with VIII or IX dorsal

spines, and more or less developed external gills.

Gncthonemus brucit.

Depth of body 3 times in total length, length of head 44

times. Head as long as deep, with curved upper profile;

snout } length of head ; teeth conical, 5 in upper jaw, 6 in

lower ; chin with teeble globular swelling ; eye 2 length of

snout, } interorbital width. Dorsal 25, originating above

fifth ray of anal, its length 4 its distance from head. Anal

30, nearer base of caudal than base of ventral. Pectoral

pointed, a little shorter than head, extending to base of

ventral. Caudal 3 scaled, with moderately long pointed

lobes. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep. 60 scales in

lateral line, 2 in transverse series on body, in transverse

series between dorsal and anal, 12 round caudal peduncle.

Brown (dirty greenish in life), darker above, paler below;

fins dark brown.

Total length 150 mm.

A single specimen from the Ogun River at Aro, S. Nigeria,

interior of Lagos, obtained in December by Major G. E.

Bruce, and presented by him to the British Museum.

Most nearly related to G. angolensis, Blgr., from Angola,

which has a larger eye, fewer scales in a transverse series on

the body, and a more slender caudal peduncle.

Labeo ogunensis.

Body rather strongly compressed, its depth 33 to 4 times

426 Mr. O. Thomas on

in total length. Head 12 times as long as broad, its length

41 to 42 times in total length; snout rounded, very promi-

nent, with nuptial tubercles of unequal size; eye supero-

lateral, in middle of length of head, 5 to 54 times in length

of head, 2} times in interorbital width ; inner surface of lips

with numerous transverse plice; a minute barbel, hidden in

the folds at side of mouth. Dorsal IIL 10, slightly nearer

caudal than end of snout, strongly notched ; longest ray as

long as or slightly longer than head. Anal II 5, longest ray

i to + lengthof head. Pectoral as long as head, not reaching

ventral; latter below middle of dorsal. Caudal deeply

forked. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales 34-

35 He 33-4 between lateral line and root of ventral, 12 round

caudal peduncle. Dark greenish above (in life) and on the

fins, muddy greenish white below.

Total length 170 mm.

T'wo specimens from Aro, obtained, along with the Gnatho-

nemus here described, by Major Bruce, and presented by him

to the British Museum.

Allied to ZL. obscurus, Pellegr.; distinguished by the

smaller eye and one scale more in a transverse series above

the lateral line.

XLVII.—New African Mammals in the British Museum.

By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Perodicticus faustus, sp. n.

Intermediate between the grey P. ibeanus and the brown

species of the West Coast.

Size as usual. General colour, when seen at a distance,

very much as in the brown species (P. edwardsi and bates?)

of the Kameruns and Gaboon, but on closer examination there

prove to be quite a large number of hoary-tipped hairs inter-

mingled with the general fur on the body behind the shoulders

—that is to say, the region where in P. dbeanus the colour

is almost completely hoary grey. The ordinary woolly fur

is slaty at base, then drab-coloured, with blackish tips,

considerably darker than in P. ibeanus ; of the thin outer hairs

projecting beyond the wool-hairs perhaps half are blackish

and half hoary-tipped. Under surface, head, arms, and legs

dull drab, a number of hoary-tipped hairs on the outer side

of the forearms and thighs; hands and feet grey, more thinly

new African Mammals. 427

haired than in the allied species. ‘Tail shorter than usual,

drab, ticked with hoary.

Skull with small narrow nasals and comparatively slender

postorbital processes. Bulle much swollen both in front

and behind. Teeth larger than in P. theanus, not so large

as in P. edwardsi; anterior molar (m') smaller than m?’;

m’ unusually large, little smaller than m? and fully as

large as m’. Small lower premolars low, not exceeding m,

in height, barely half the height of the caniniform premolar.

M, as large as m,.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 280 mm.; tail 38; hind foot 51; ear 23.

Skull: upper length 61; basal length 53; greatest

breadth 41; nasals 12°5 x4; palatal length 23; upper cheek-

tooth series 18°7*; molars only L102 ; m’® 3°4 x 4:7.

4 Irneti, Bompona, R. Maringa, Central Congo. Alt.

1200!. ?

Type. Young adult female. Original number 24, Col-

lected 28th April, 1910, by the Rev. H. M. Whiteside.

This Potto shows a relationship to the British East-

African P. ibeanus by the presence of the hoary-tipped hairs

in its dorsal fur, though these are not nearly so numerous as

in the more eastern species. ‘The proportionally large size of

its posterior molar, above and below, is peculiar to itself.

Crocidura spurrelli, sp. n.

A large grey species, with a very narrow skull.

Size large, rather less than in C. manni. Fur short, close,

and velvety; hairs of back about 4 mm. in length. General

colour above rather browner than Ridgway’s ‘‘ mouse-grey.”

Under surface but little lighter, not defined laterally. A

small lateral gland present in female. Hands and feet

greyish brown. ‘Tail blackish, nearly naked above, the fine

hairs unusually long, but sparsely scattered, more closely set

below ; longer bristles fairly numerous.

Skull long, unusually narrow ; lambdoid crest well deve-

loped, the lambdon projecting above the low sagittal crest.

Bony palate, as in C. manni, produced some little distance

behind the molars. As a result, the length of the meso-

pterygoid fossa is reduced, being no longer than in many far

smaller species; it is also unusually narrow, especially in its

posterior half.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 115 mm.; tail 70; hind foot (s. u.) 19;

ear 1l.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 29°6; basal length 26-3;

428 Mr. O. Thomas on

greatest breadth 11°5; interorbital breadth 5; palatal

length 13; length of mesopterygoid fossa (excluding the

hamular processes) 4°1 ; length of upper tooth-series 13°3 ;

breadth between outer corners of m? 8:7,

Hab. Bibianaha, near Dunkwa, inland of Sekondi, Gold

Coast.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 10. 8.1.1. Original num-

ber 14. Collected 27th June, 1910, and presented by

Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell.

This fine shrew is intermediate between the very large

W.-African species C. goliath, giffardi, and manni, and the

more normal-sized species such as C. poensis &c. Its short

fur, greyish colour, and narrow skull will also readily distin-

guish it from any of its allies.

I have named it in honour of its discoverer Dr. H. G. F.

Spurrell, to whom the National Museum owes an interesting

collection of small mammals from the Gold Coast.

Tatera gambiana, sp. n.

A large pale species ; tail almost without tuft.

Size about as in J’. kemp?, the only large * W.-African

species hitherto known. General colour much paler than in

that animal, dull fawn, more buffy on the sides. Under

surface, hands, and feet white as usual. Tail about as long

as head and body, very inconspicuously tufted at the tip, brown

above, white on sides and below.

Skull readily distinguishable from that of 7. kempi by the

shape of the interparietal, which is broad transversely,

narrow antero-posteriorly, its breadth considerably more than

twice its length. Anterior palatal foramina not reaching

back to the level of the front edge of the root of m'. Bulle

about as in J’. kempi.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 162 mm.; tail 162 ; hind foot 35; ear 21.

Skull: greatest length 41; basilar length 33:5; greatest

breadth 21'7; nasals 15; interparietal 4x 10°3 (4:3. x 8:7 in

T. kempi) ; palatal foramina 7:8; bulla 11; upper molar

series 6°7.

Hab, Gambia. Type from Marakissa ; alt. 500!.

Type. Adult male. Original number B. 14. Collected

15th May, 1910, and presented by Mr. G. Fenwick Owen.

Five specimens examined.

The only member of this group previously known was the

T. kempt of 8. Nigeria, which is a much darker-coloured

* The feet of 7. guiane are as long as in T. kempi, but the skull is

markedly smaller.

new African Mammals. 429

animal than 7’. gambiana, and differs by the skull-characters

above described.

In addition to 7. gambiana, Mr. Fenwick Owen obtained

in the Gambian region examples of 7. guinew, Thos., and

Taterillus gracilis, ‘Thos.

Arvicanthis linulus, sp. n.

Like A. dorsalis, but conspicuously smaller.

External appearance quite as in A. dorsalis, the colour as

in the paler races of that animal. Fur coarse; hairs of back

about 7 mm. in length. General colour of fore-back grizzled

greyish buff, becoming more ochraceous posteriorly ; under

surface white, edged on each side with a pinkish-buff line.

Ears and a spot above and below each eye ochraceous buff.

Dorsal black line commencing between the ears and running

to the root of the tail, the hairs on each side of it rather

lighter than the general colour. Hands and feet light

pinkish buff. ‘Tail dark above, dull ochraceous laterally, dull

buffy below.

Skall similar to that of A. dorsalis, but far smaller.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 94 mm.; tail 115; hind foot 23; ear 15.

Skull: tip of nasals to hinder angle of frontals 20;

nasals 9°7; interorbital breadth 4°6; palatal length 14°2 ;

diastema 6°8; palatal foramina 6; length of upper molar

series 4°6.

Hab. Gamon, French Gambia. Alt. 100’.

Type. Adult male. Original number A. 80. Collected

20th April, 1910, and presented by Mr. G. Fenwick Owen.

This is a pygmy W.-African representative of the southern

A, dorsalis, but is so much smaller that it cannot be considered

merely as a subspecies, especially as no member of the dor-

salis group is known to occur in any of the vast area separating

the two forms.

Arvicanthis dorsalis pheotis, subsp. n.

Like A. d. maculosus, Osg., but very much greyer, espe-

cially when viewed from behind, the ochraceous suffusion on

the upper surface a much paler buffy except just on the

rump, Lars at once distinguishable from those of maculosus

and rosalia by their minute hairs being brown or greyish,

not ochraceous, although the ochraceous tuft at the anterior

base of the ears is still present. Light patches above and

below eyes inconspicuous, buffy, not ochraceous.

Skull and teeth as in macu/osus, equally larger than in

rosalia,

430 Mr. O. Thomas on

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 134 mm.; tail 144; hind foot 28; ear 18-3.

Skull: greatest length 34; breadth of brain-case 13°4;

upper molar series 6. ;

Hab. Mazeras, coast region of British E. Africa. Alt.

500!. .

Type. Old male. Original number 1238. Collected

10th July, 1910, by Robin Kemp, and presented by C. D.

Rudd, Esq. Five specimens examined.

Compared with a series of A. d. maculosus from Voi, for

which the Museum is also indebted to Mr, Rudd’s collector,

these specimens are much greyer, and are at once separable

by their brown ears, these being as strongly ochraceous in

maculosus as in the A. d. rosalia of German Kast Africa.

Epimys delectorum, sp. n.

A small soft-furred species, something like H. morio.

Size about as in Apodemus sylvaticus. Fur very soft, fine

and silky; hairs of back about 9-10 mm.in length. General

colour above dull sepia-brown, beavily blackened on the

posterior back ; sides tending more towards mummy-brown ;

under surface soiled buffy, the basal three-fourths of the hairs

dark slaty, their tips and a fairly defined lateral line pinkish

buff. Face dark greyish brown, the muzzle and an ill-defined

orbital ring blackish. ars large, dark brown. Hands and

feet brown on the metapodials, silvery white on the digits

and laterally. ‘Tail almost naked, very finely scaled (16 rings

to the centimetre), dark brown above and below, indistinetly

marbled with lighter brown, its very sparse fine hairs brown

above, whitish below.

Skull smooth, light and delicate, practically without ridges ;

supraorbital edges square, not beaded ; projection of zygo-

matic plate medium; palatal foramina reaching back to the

level of the front of m'; bulle of medium size.

Incisors narrow. Molars low-crowned and (in the single

specimen) peculiar for the duplication, complete or partial,

of the outer cusp of the first and second lamina of m* and of

the main lamina of m?, so that, viewed laterally, m’ appears

to possess five outer cusps—three larger ones and two smaller

ones between them *. Lower molars (m, and m,) each witha

well-marked supplementary cusp at the outer end of the main

transverse valley, and a median posterior supplementary

ledge.

* Cusps 3 and 6 of m' and 6 of m? in the notation employed by

Mr. G. 8, Miller.

new African Mammals. 431

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 93 mm. ; tail 120 ; hind foot 23; ear 20°5.

Skull: greatest length 27°5 ; basilar length 21; greatest

breadth 12°5 ; nasals 11; interorbital breadth 4°5; breadth

of brain-case 12; palatilar length 12°3 ; palatal foramina 5:8 ;

upper molar series 4°4.

Hab. Mianji Plateau, 8S. Nyasa. Alt. 5500!

Type. Adult female. Original number 205. Collected

2nd May, 1910, by Mr. 8S. A. Neave. Presented by the

Entomological Research Committee.

Apart from the peculiar characters of its molars, this

mountain-mouse may be readily distinguished by its soft fur,

dark colour, grey and buffy belly, parti-coloured feet, and

nearly st tail. It is, perhaps, most nearly related to

E. tullbergi of W. Africa and EZ. dennie of Ruwenzori ; but

in any case the relationship is very distant.

With regard to the teeth, I find a similar duplication of

the outer cusp of the middle lamina of m' in asingle example

(B.M. no. 4. 7. 1. 109) of 2. tudlbergi, while other specimens

have no trace of it. For this reason I reserve judgment as

to the value of the character until further specimens of

EE, delectorum are obtained.

Uranomys oweni, sp. n.

A small West-African representative of the recently dis-

covered U. ruddi of Mount Elgon.

General appearance more that of an Acomys, less that of

a Lophuromys, than is the case with U. ruddi, but this may

be partly due to the make of the skins. Fur crisp, not so

stiff as in ordinary Acomys, more so than in U. ruddi; hairs

of back about 11-12 mm. in length, a few longer hairs

(13-14 mm.) intermixed with them. General colour very

like that of many species of Acomys, between dull tawny and

clay-colour; paler and more buffy on the sides. Under

surface white, the hairs white to their bases; in UJ. ruddi

they are grey basally. Ears finely haired, brown. Hands

and feet white. ‘Tail scaly, finely haired, very like that of

an Acomys, brown above, whitish below.

Skull, apart from its much smaller size, very like that of

U. ruddi.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 91 mm. ; tail 66; hind foot 16°5; ear 14.

Skull: greatest length 26°2; basilar length 22:2; greatest

breadth 13°6 ; nasals 8 ; interorbital breadth 4°5 ; breadth of

brain-case 11; palatilar length 13°5; palatal foramina 7:3;

upper molar series 4°7,

Hab. Marakissa, French Guinea,

432 Mr. L. B. Prout on

Type. Adult male. Original number B. 25. Collected

30th May, 1910, and presented by G. Fenwick Owen, Esq.,

in whose honour the species is named.

‘This interesting species, the second known of its genys,

greatly extends the range of Uranomys, as the first species,

U. ruddi, was found on Mount Elgon, British East Africa.

The external resemblance of U. owent to an Acomys is very

striking, and a study of the skulls indicates that it is to that

genus that Uranomys is most nearly allied, the peculiar struc-

ture of the posterior palate being very much the same in

both. ‘The shape of the brain-case, however, is very different,

while in the unusual throwing forwards of the incisors

Uranomys differs as much from Acomys as it does from other

African Muride.

XLVIII.—New Neotropical Geometride.

By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S.

{Continued from p. 333. ]

Eupithecia longibasalis, sp. n.

@. 18-19 mm.——Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous

varied with brown, face paler; the abdomen with a brown

dorsal belt on second segment, and small blackish dorsal

dots on succeeding segments ; the crests very ill-developed.

Fore wing ochreous suffused with pale brown, darkened in

parts with fuscous ; the lines angled below SC, then oblique

and parallel ; the darker basal area with its outer angle in

cell reaching middle of wing and including the oblique

linear black cell-mark ; median area edged inwardly by a

whitish-ochreous band with dark central line (the proximal

half of the band the clearer whitish) and outwardly by a

simple ochreous line, its proximal two-thirds marked with

blackish along the veins; the pale subterminal line irre-

gularly crenulate, preceded by patches of fuscous-black

scales, met by a pale streak from apex, above which the costa

is rather darker ; terminal line thick, black, interrupted at

the veins by pale spots ; fringe pale, chequered with olive-

grey in basal half. Hind wing whitish ochreous, darker

along abdominal margin ; the lines dark, but marked only

on abdominal margin. Underside ochreous, in fore wing

grey-suffused along costa and termen, where the lines and

new Neotropical Geometride. 433

shades are clear; in hind wing with the lines thick and

complete across wing ; both wings with black cell-spots and

the veins blackish.

‘Torné, Colombia, August 1907 ; three g g. I have also

seen a ? from San Antonio, W. Colombia, December 1907.

Euyithecia cabria, ab. (?) pallidiplaga, nov.

3d. 28 mm.——Head, thorax, and abdomen dull grey-

brown ; vertex of head and venter pale. Fore wing dull

purplish grey tinged with rufous and olive in basal, costal,

and terminal areas, inner margin below SM? and veins

towards termen rufous brown ; postmedian area occupied by

a diffuse whitish patch ; cell-spot large, black, and rounded ;

the usual cross-lines, angled below SC, are traceable across

wing ; subterminal line marked by black white-tipped points

yetwe: n veins ; terminal line bla k interrupted by pale spots

at the vein-ends ; fringe with a bright pale line at base.

Hind wing whitish without markings, except along abdo-

minal margin, as far as M and M7’, where the ground-co!our

is tinged with rufous and the lines and shades are complete,

including a fuscous blotch near base ; along termen the

rufous shade is more extended, and there are black terminal

dashes between the veins, as far as R'; cell-dot smaller.

Underside of fore wing blurred grey, darker along costa,

where the beginning of the lines is visible; of hind wing

whitish speckled with fuscous, the lines indicated by dark

vein-dashes,

Torné, Colombia, August 1907; one ¢.

In the absence of certainty as to the standing of this

form, I have given an independent description of it; but

Mr. Warren believes it to be ‘‘ one of the variant forms” of

E, cabria, Dogn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xliii. p. 141, and I

accept this as very probable, though it is considerably larger

and more sombre, and with the white more extended, than

in Dognin’s typical form.

Scordylia rufifimbria (Dogn.), ab. (?) angustimargo, nov.

3. 28 mm.—Differs from typical rufifimbria, Dogn. Aun.

Soc. Ent. Belg. xlvii. p. 272 (Heterusia), in the following

points: the white blotch of fore wing is flattened and

limited above by the median vein, instead of being rounded

and reaching subcostal ; its inner edge is oblique, the space

between it and costa to near the end of cell being greenish

fuscous, while its outer edge projects somewhat angularly

Ann. & Mag. N. list. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 29

434 Mr. L. B. Prout on

outwards above SM’; the costal spot at two-thirds is

yellowish, and the spots between the radials white, with no

trace of an intermediate pale spot; in the hind wing the

dark border is not more than half the width of that of ruf-

fimbria. Underside: costa of fore wing buff for two-thirds ;

the two white spots between radials developed into a short

white blotch, separated from the buff costal spot by a patch

of red and white strize and touching below a lengthened

leaden-grey submarginal patch; in the hind wing the narrow

border is broken up by the white ground-colour and marked

with deep red strie only. Abdomen dorsally black in basal

half, brown in anal, ventrally white.

Huancabamba, N.E. Peru; one ¢.

If not specifically distinct, at least likely to prove a good

local form. Typical rufifimbria is known from Cuzco and

La Merced, Peru, and from Yungas de la Paz, Bolivia, but

not, so far as I am aware, from Huancabamba.

Subfam. Greowerrinz.

(Boarmine, &e., auctt.)

Narragodes lilacina, sp. n.

oS 2. 22-24 mm.—Head, thorax, and abdomen lilac-grey ;

face brown. Fore wing lilac-grey, the lines and the space

between median and postmedian lines dull reddish brown,

varying somewhat in different specimens; the lines vertical

and strongly waved ; antemedian at one-fourth, median just

before middle; postmedian at three-fourths, but starting at

little beyond two-thirds costa and angled on R'; a dark

cell-spot just before median line ; an obscurely darker sub-

marginal shade; terminal line finely black, interrupted on

the veins; fringe lilac-grey. Hind wing without the ante-

median line. Underside of fore wing ochreous, densely

striated with purplish fuscous, the marginal border dark

purplish fuscous, with straight inner edge, before which the

ochreous ground-colour is less striated ; of hind wing similar,

with traces of two dark curved lines; fore wing with dark

cell-spot.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer) ; one &, two ¢ 92 (one ? =type). Mr.

Warren tells me he has also seen three ? 2 from Tinguri,

Carabaya, Peru, 3400 feet, August 1904.

Differs a little in aspect from typical Narragodes, but

agrees in essential structure. The venation is somewhat

variable; SC!* are always coincident, but they may be

new Neotropical Geometride, 435

either shortly connected with C (1 g, 1 2) or anastomosing

(1 2?) and may either be free from SC** or connected there-

with ; in the hind wing SC*-R' may be either stalked (the

type ?) or connate (one 2) or even coincident throughout

(the only known @).

Microxydia ruficomma, sp. n.

3. 21-24 mm.—Face and vertex white. Palpus and

antenna ochreous, occiput and collar bright ferruginous ;

front of thorax bright ochreous; the rest of thorax and the

abdomen cream-colour, base of the latter marked dorsally

with pale ochreous, followed by a large spot of bright ferru-

ginous, and this again by some much smaller ferruginous

marking. Fore wing cream-colour, finely irrorated with

ochreous, and with a few scattered dark scales ; costa, termen,

and fringe bright deep ferruginous, a thick blackish line at

base of fringe ; the lines ochreous, rather thick, but indis-

tinet, at about one third and two thirds; antemedian starting

from a ferruginous mark from costa, somewhat bent in cell;

postmedian from a thick, comma-shaped, ferruginous mark

at costa, which contains a smaller blackish comma, an angle

on R'at which the ferruginous mark abruptly terminates, but

there is a smaller one on the line at inner margin ; cell-spot

elongate, pale ochreous. Hind wing without ferruginous

costa or costal markings, otherwise the postmedian line and

termen as in fore wing; antemedian wanting; cell-spot

weak. Underside similar, cell more clouded with ochreous,

cell spots distinct, dull ferruginous, lines on fore wing

obsolescent, that of hind wing spotted with ferruginous on

the veins.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer) ; three g g. Also Candelaria Mountains,

Costa Rica (Underwood), three g g in Coll. Brit. Mus.;

Volean de Chirigui, Panama, 2000-3000 feet (Champion),

one ¢ in Coll. Brit. Mus. The Central American specimens

rather smaller than the Colombian.

Nearest to M. rujfifinbriata, Warr. Noy. Zool. xi. p. 575.

Microrydia strigosa adowa, subsp. n.

d. 21-23 mm.—Differs from the typical (Peruvian) race

of M. strigosa, Warr. Nov. Zool. xi. p. 576, in being paler,

tle ochreous speckling much less, and in having the post-

median line of both wings further from the termen, that of

the fore wing therefore more approximated to the antemedian;

436 Mr. L. B. Prout on

that of the hind wing is more nearly (though not entirely)

parallel with the termen than in typical strigosa, the

difference of position therefore more pronounced at inner

margin than at costa.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer); three f ¢.

Microxydia trigonifera, sp. n.

g. 22 mm.—Face and vertex white; palpus, antenna,

and back of head ochreous ; thorax and abdomen pale cream-

colour. Wings pale cream-colour, speckled with ochreous ;

the lines very faint, ochreous-tinted ; fore wing with ante-

median strongly bent in cell, postmedian arising from a

small triangular red subapical spot, very slightly incurved,

reaching inner margin just beyond two-thirds ; a similar

faint ochreous-tinted discal mark ; hind wing very little paler

than fore wing, with postmedian only, no cell-mark; fringe

of both wings strongly tinged with fulvous in distal half.

Underside of fore wing suffused with reddish basally and

especially at costa; cell-spot distinct, dark, elongate;

postmedian line and subapical triangle nearly as above ;

underside of hind wing unmarked; fringes of both wings as

above.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(iM. G. Palmer), one g (type) ; El Congo, Colombia, June

1907, one g.

Recalls, in some respects, M. fulvicoliis, Warr. Nov. Zool.

xi. p. 161, but in that species the coloration is deeper, the

costal mark larger and the hind wing white.

Perusia parallela, sp. n.

gS ?. 28-32 mm.—Head, thorax, and abdomen con-

colorous with wings, the head and thorax of the @ slightly

more tinged with rufous. Fore wing shining pale yellow,

with numerous pearl-grey delicate transverse striz, visible

only in certain lights; costa pale yellow dotted with

ferruginous red ; the two lines parallel, grey tinged with

ochreous ; first vertical, a little before middle, rather faint ;

outer broader and edged distally with paler, from costa

shortly before apex to inner margin close to tornus; fringe

concolorous, with the base faintly rufous. Hind wing still

paler yellow, without striz or lines. Underside of fore wing

with costa yellow striated with reddish ; a square red spot

just beyond outer line. .

new Neotropical Geometride. 437

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer) ; one g, one ?.

Leuciris beneciliata, sp. n.

dg. 24-25 mm.—Closely akin to L. fimbriaria (Stoll) =

imperata (Guen.), differing as follows: antennal cilia un-

usually long, about twice as long as in that species ; fore

wing with apex somewhat more acute, and with three distinct

series of transverse dots on the veins and submedian fold,

equidistant and parallel with termen, the median reaching

only from M to inner margin, the postmedian outcurved

below costa and slightly incurved at R* and M*; hind wing

with two similar equidistant series, the proximal sometimes

incomplete. Cvloration of the margins, of the head, legs, &c.,

as in L. fimbriaria.

Torné, Colombia, August 1907 (type), also four other

males, July to August 1907.

Argyrotome tenebrosa extrema, subsp. n.

g. 38 mm.—Differs from typical Argyrotome tenebrosa,

Warr. Noy. Zool. iv. p. 460, from Bolivia and Peru, as

follows: coloration even somewhat darker, especially of the

hind wing and the marginal band on tlie underside ; sub-

marginal metallic bands thicker, that on the fore wing not

preceded by distinct darker marks at R* and the medians,

that on the hind wing straighter, running from apex to

termen at the end of M’, widening posteriorly and almost

entirely absorbing the fourth metallic spot (that between

M* and M”*), which is well free in typical tenebrosa ; under-

side with the marginal bands broader.

Rio Bitaco, W. Colombia, 4400 feet, April 1908 (wet

season) ; two dg.

I have seen other examples, and believe the differences

will prove constant, though probably not fully specific. The

average size seems slightly larger, and the termen of the

hind wing is very slightly prominent between R’* and M},

not quite evenly rounded as in the type form.

Opisthoxia omphale, sp. n.

¢. 34 mm.—Face and upper side of palpus ochreous

brown ; palpus beneath mixed with greyish, at base white ;

thorax light dove-colour, white in front and _ beneath ;

abdomen at base ochreous brown; otherwise dove-colour,

venter paler. Fore wing red brown, the costa narrowly

438 Mr. L. B. Prout on

ochreous, then with a broad, narrowing white streak, which

sends out slight excrescences into the ground-colour before

one-half and again at two-thirds, and terminates in a point

shortly before apex; a pure white inner-marginal streak,

commencing in a point at before one-third, gradually widening,

and reaching from tornus to M’* at termen; base somewhat

suffused with light silvery, merging into the white costal

streak ; an indistinct grey postmedian line as in claudiaria,

Schaus, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 165 (not mentioned in

Schaus’s description), no trace of an antemedian; fringe

greyish red-brown, at extreme apex and towards tornus on

inner margin ochreous. Hind wing reddish brown, some-

what more purple-tinted than fore wing; extreme base red-

brown, brighter than in fore wing; a subbasal white stripe,

broadening on costa, followed by an ochreous shade except

at inner margin ; a vague diffuse band of iridescent silvery.

scales from SC’ beyond middle of wing to inner margin near

tornus, curved in its posterior part ; some similar scales along

inner margin; a rather large, round, embossed metallic spot

of about the same size, colour, and position as in pepita,

Dogn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xl. p. 144 (Ophthalmophora),

and a second, smaller spot on termen, also as in that species ;

terminal line bright silvery, broader and less sharply defined

in posterior half, accompanied proximally by a very narrow

ochreous line in anterior half; anterior half of fringe very

pale ochreous, posterior deep dull ochreous ; inner-marginal

fold and fringe dirty white. Underside dirty white, fore

wing with a rather broad terminal band and the fringe

smoky.

Chanchamayo, Peru; one ¢.

Similar to O. claudiaria, Schaus (=fostert, Warr. Noy.

Zool. xvi. p. 99, nov. syn.), from Brazil and Paraguay, but

differing in somewhat darker colour, the hind wing more

purplish (in claudiaria more ochreous), in having somewhat

broader costal and much brvader inner-marginal white

streaks, larger embossed spot on hind wing, and a second

spot at termen,and in having the marginal silvery line

terminal, whereas in claudiaria it is subterminal. Moreover,

the second segment of abdomen is only very narrowly and

indistinctly pale, while in claudiaria there is a very distinct

pure white transverse bar.

Trigrammia (?) subpurpurea, sp. n.

3 ?. 30-32 mm.—Head, thorax, abdomen, and wings

deep purplish brown, with numerous scattered whitish scales.

new Neotropical Geometridae. 439

Fore wing with the costal edge dotted with deep orange ;

the lines deep chocolate-brown, equidistant; antemedian

slightly curved; median oblique to middle, then nearly

vertical (sometimes incurved) ; postmedian lunulate-dentate ;

subterminal indicated by a deep brown shade preceding it,

conspicuous below R’ as a snow-white curved mark, and

followed distally by some white speckling ; terminal line

slender, dark; fringe concolorous. Hind wing with two

lines only and no white submarginal markings. Underside

slate-colour, merging into purple-brown at termen, lines of

fore wing indistinct ; costa clearly orange; hind wing paler,

with two distinct dark lines,

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer); type (¢) and others.

Fore wing with SC'* coincident; hind wing with the

termen not at all elbowed.

Callipseustes refleva, sp. n.

@. 26-28 mm.—Face, head, thorax, and abdomen light

brown, finely irrorated with blackish. Fore wing with the

angle at extremity of R® pronounced, a marked sinus between

this and apex; light brown, with some darker striation, and

shaded with olive in basal and distal areas, with pinkish on

either side of the central fuscia; the lines very fiue, white,

enclosing a rich, dark red-brown median area; first line

from costa at about one-third to inner margin at beyond

two-fifths, weakly sinuate ; second line from costa at about

one-half, oblique outwards to R*, then sharply bent back-

wards, sinuate and reaching inner margin at scarcely more

than 1 mm. from first line; two black marks near termen

between the radials, the anterior elongate and followed by

some weak dark shading i in the terminal angle, the posterior

smaller; terminal line weak, fringe weakly dark-spotted at

the vein-ends. Hind wing much paler, darkened only in

the inner-marginal and tornal region and sometimes along

-the termen ; a dark fuscous line commencing obliquely fn

inner margin at before two-thirds, slightly curving away

from base on approaching M’, and vanishing before reaching

R!; a very indistinct grey cell- -spot. Underside somewhat

darker reddish brown; fore wing grey-clouded in basal half,

narrowly pale along inner margin from base, broadly so in

distal half of wing, where the pale shading reaches about to

R* ; a fine dentate whitish line, filled in with dark grey, from

costa about 4 mm. before apex, oblique distad to R* or R°,

there bent and becoming obsolescent ; a dark cell-spot ;

440 Bibliographical Notice.

hind wing beneath with a large black cell-spot and a sub-

terminal line, parallel with termen, composed of paired vein-

dots, the proximal black, the distal white.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer), type and a second ¢; Torné, Colombia,

August 1907, one @. I have seen other examples.

Distinguished by the triangular shape of the central band.

C. peninsulata, ab. (bon. sp. ?) continens, Warr. Nov. Zool.

xiv. p. 286, comes nearest to it, but has more markings in

the distal area of fore wing, the angle in termen less

strong, &c.

[To be continued. ]

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE.

Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea in the Collection of the

Indian Museum.—Part I. Bruchyura. Fasciculus Il. The

Indian Freshwater Crabs—Potamonide. By A. Atcocx, C.L.E.,

M.B., LL.D., F.R.S8., &c. Calcutta, 1910.

Tue freshwater crabs of the family Potamonide are of special

interest to the student of geographical distribution, but, like many

other groups of freshwater animals, they offer peculiar difficulties

to the systematist. In this memoir Lt.-Col. Alcock not only pro-

vides exact and detailed descriptions of all the forms (including

many new species and varieties) found within the limits of British

India, but also gives an entirely new aspect to the classification

of the family by calling attention to some important structural

characters, hitherto overlooked, which seem to afford a satisfactory

basis for the delimitation of subfamilies and genera. He discusses

the distribution of the Indian species, pointing out that while

‘ Blanford’s zoological subdivisions of the Indian Empire, which

are based on the present distribution of vertebrates, suit the Pota-

monide in a general way... that author’s physical subdivisions of °

the area have, as arule, a much more exact correspondence with

the tracts in which the constituent groups of the family are con-

centrated.” The memoir is distinguished by those qualities of

lucidity, insight, and breadth of view which students of the Decapod

Crustacea have learned to expect in the writings of the former

Superintendent of the Indian Museum.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 35. NOVEMBER 1910

XLIX.—Descriptions of new Species of Heterocera from New

Guinea. By G. T. Bernune-Baker, F.L.S., F.Z.S.

Arctiade.

BLAVIODES, gen. nov.

Antenne bipectinate to the tip and with cilia, tibia with

spurs. Second segment of abdomen raised into a ridge on

the dorsum, from which arise tufts of long hair. Neuration :

vein 5 absent in both wings. Primaries: 2 from cell, 3 and

4 stalked, 6 from cell; 7,8, and 9 stalked; 10 free from cell;

11 arising from behind the middle of cell (i. e. nearer base)

and anastomosing shortly with 12. Secondaries with 4 and

5 absent; 2 and 3 arising separately from cell; 6 and 7

strongly bent from the angle of the cell; 8 anastomosing

shortly at the base with 7, long.

‘Type, Blaviodes ochracea, B-B.

Blaviodes ochracea, sp. n.

é. Head, antenne, and thorax dull ochreous; abdomen

grey, with ochreous anal segment. Primaries uniform dull

ochreous, shading into greyish at the termen. Secondaries

Ann. & Mag, N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 30

A442 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

grey, creamy ochreous on the costa and aborted part of the

cell.

Expanse 22-24 mm.

Heb, Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet; February and March.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Chionema nigroplagata, sp. n.

@. Head and thorax whitish, the latter with dark grey

collar and patagia : abdomen whitish. Primaries with costa

dark grey; asmall white spot at the base and two near the

centre, apex also white; cell dirty grey-white below and

beyond up to the termen ; an irregular dark grey patch near

the centre of the inner margin, with a diamond-shaped outline

in dark grey above it; a large dark grey patch beyond this

in the postmedian area; terminal area broadly white, termen

itself spotted with dark grey, decreasing in size towards the

tornus. Secondaries clear creamy white.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Mount Kebea, British New Guinea, 6000 feet;

March to April.

Type in my collection.

Near C. melanoplagia, Umpsn.

Chionema tnusitata, sp. n.

&. Head, thorax, and abdomen creamy grey, the latter

with the median segments dark grey. Primaries creamy

grey, with a broad median darker grey band, the central part

of which is obsolete; postmedian and terminal areas darker

grey, with an angulated creamy-grey stripe dividing it from

the former and terminating in the tornus; an obscure small

pale spot is on the inner margin in the postmedian area.

Secondaries with the basal half creamy white, the terminal

part being grey.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey, head and thorax

with a central creamy stripe. Primaries like the male in

general pattern, but much darker and whiter—thus the base

and postmedian areas are white and very irregular, the median

area is very broadly dark grey, irregular, with two sharp

serrations externally and two white spots in the middle;

postmedian and terminal areas as in the male, but the grey is

quite dark and the light lines are white. Secondaries

uniform pale grey.

Expanse, ¢ 32, 2? 34 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet ; February and March.

‘l’'ypes in Coll. Kenrick.

Nae ie kalighitinag! pig

;

Tleterocera from New Guinea. 443

Asura decussa, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax yellowish. Primaries pale pinkish

yellow, deepening into pinkish towards the termen; a

brownish X-shaped mark across the median area from costa

to inner margin, with a broad postmedian paler > mark

joining its two external extremities ; costa very finely dark,

fringes dark, Secondaries pale semitransparent yellow.

Expanse 24 mm,

Hab, Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet; February and March,

‘Type in Coll, Kenrick.

Diacrisia styx, sp.n.

6. Palpiand antenne black, head and thorax orange-red ;

abdomen black, with a lateral orange-red line. Both wings

black: primaries with the veins finely whitish; a white

irregular spot below the angle of vein 2, and a broad, curved,

white subapical band from costa to termen, leaving the apex

black. Secondaries uniformly black. Fringes black to both

wings.

Expanse 44 mm.

Hab. Ninay Valley (Arfak Mountains), 3600 feet.

‘Type in my collection.

Noctuidae.

PILIPECTUS, gen. nov.

Eyes smooth; palpi upturned, second and end segment

long, the latter nearly naked; antenne simple; thorax,

patagia with raised, longish, spatulate scales and tutts of very

long bristle-like hairs. Legs long, thin, mid pair with a

pair of long tibial spines; hind legs with two pairs of long

spurs, one pair being midway between the femoral and tarsal

sockets. Neuration: primaries with vein 2 from near middle

of cell, 4 from the lower angle, 5 from above the angle, 6

from the upper angle, 8 and 9 on a long stalk from 10 anasto-

mosing with 7 to form the areole, 11 from behind the middle

of cell. Secondaries with 3 and 4 from the lower angle, 5

from just above the angle, 6 and 7 from the upper angle.

Type, Pilipectus ocellatus, B-B.

Pilipectus ocellatus, sp. n.

¢. Frons greyish brown; caput cream-colour; collar

mauve-brown, tipped with cream; thorax brown, patagia

30*

444 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

with scales chestnut-grey, tipped with dark chestnut-brown,

with creamy long bristles like hairs ; abdomen grey. Pri-

maries greyish white, so closely striated with chestnut-grey

that only fine lines of the ground-colour show ; two round

ocellations following each other and touching beyond the cell

of a deep crimson, with pupils of bright orange and pale

mauve; below the cell a crimson-brown mark divided by

vein 14, and a similar coloured lunule in the tornus; apex

pale tawny. Secondaries white, with apex broadly dark grey,

rapidly tapering into a fine line along the termen.

Expanse 39 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet ; February and March.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Near P. pruntfera, Swinh.

Ancara kebee olivescens, subsp. n.

g. Similar in general pattern to A. kebew, but all the

paler parts of the primaries (including both the stigmata) are

filled in with a delicate olive-green, so that the base, much of

the costa, the median area, and the terminal area are mostly

of this colour; the thorax and head are also of the same hue.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet, February and March.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

This form apparently replaces A. kebew, B-B., in the

Arfak Mountains.

Sesamta arfakt, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish grey. Primaries

pale greyish brown, sparingly and very finely irrorated along

the costal and inner marginal areas with very minute darker

scales ; a dark stripe along the lower margin of the cell and

slightly extending along veins 2 to 5; a trace of a curved

crenulate very fine postmedian line. Secondaries uniform

very pale grey.

Expanse 53 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet ; February and March.

Type in Cell. Kenrick.

Sarrothripa costiplagata, sp. 0.

?. Head and thorax grey, the latter spotted with black ;

abdomen grey. Primaries greenish grey, whitish along

the costa; a black basal costal dot, two black patches on

the costa, from the median one a very oblique dark stripe

extends nearly to the tornus, and from the postmedian one a

- a -

Fleterocera from New Guinea, 445

' black, palely edged, irregular dentate line descends to meet

the oblique stripe ; beyond this is a similar subterminal line

arising in a small black costal spot, apex black confluent with

this line ; termen finely black, with interneural black serra-

tions ; the basal area has slight darker patches, and from the

black stripe a fine, black, irregular median line descends to the

inner margin, Secondaries whitish grey at base, becoming

darkish grey at the termen.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet ; February and March.

‘Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Near S. mesoplaga, Hmpsn.

Batracharta walkert, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax chocolate-brown ; abdomen creamy

grey. Primaries chocolate-grey over the base and very

broadly and irregularly along three-quarters of the costa; the

submedian, most of the postmedian, and the terminal areas

cream-colour, very closely striated and irrorated with tawny

rufous; an irregular subterminal line of chocolate-brown ;

termen narrowly chocolate. Secondaries creamy pale yellow.

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab. Ninay Valley, Arfak Mountains, 3600 feet.

Type in my collection.

Near B. obliqua, Wik.

Ophiusa arfaki, sp. n.

3. Head pinkish grey, thorax and collar pale tawny

brown, patagia pale grey, abdomen yellow. Primaries

pinkish grey, deepening below and beyond the cell into

reddish-tawny pale brown; the orbicular represented by a

dark dot, the reniform darkly encircled and filled in with a

sublustrous leaden hue; an oblique, strongly serrated, dark

red subterminal stripe from the apex to the inner margin and

a trace of an oblique waved postmedian line. Secondaries

clear markless chrome-yellow.

Expanse 84 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet; February and March.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Near O. sublutea and kenricki, B-B.

Egnasia fulvivenis, sp. n.

¢@. Head, thorax, and abdomen dull ochreous brown.

Primaries ochreous brown, with dark brown lines and all the

446 Mr. G. T’. Bethune-Baker on new

veins finely dark brown; a short basal line, followed by an °

obtusely angled antemedian line, beyond this the median area

is paler up to the very irregular median line, which is

followed by a second almost parallel median line ; postmedian

line more strongly accentuated, very deeply angled outwards ;

above the tip of the angle is a pale grey patch reaching

nearly to the apex of the wing; subterminal line irregular,

somewhat crenulate, edged internally with pale grey in

continuation of the pale grey patch; termen finely dark

brown, preceded by a row of dark brown points. Secondaries

ochreous grey, with the postmedian dark line distinct ; a trace

of a crenulate subterminal line ; termen finely dark, preceded

by a row of dark brown points; termen of both wings

crenulate.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Ninay Valley, Arfak Mountains.

Type in my collection.

Lymantriade.

Euproctis arfaki, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and antenne pale brown; abdomen

black, terminal segment whitish. Primaries very pale

uniform brown, sparingly suffused with fine darker brown

scales. Secondaries uniform clear chrome-yellow.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet ; February to March.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Euproctis rubida, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax bright reddish orange; abdomen

black, proximal and terminal segment yellowish. Primaries

uniform reddish orange, without any marks. Secondaries

uniform clear lemon-yellow.

Expanse 38 mm.

Hab. Arvfak Mountains, 4000 feet ; February to March.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Euproetis lavella, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax pale lemon-yellow ; abdomen greyish,

with terminal segments dark grey, fringed with pale lemon-

yellow. Primaries very pale lemon-yellow, basal area deeper

in tone; a pale median and postmedian line angulated about

the cell, the interspace filled in with rather deeper yellow.

Tleterocera from New Guinea. 447

Secondaries whitish, tinged with yellow, with the inner

margin slightly grey.

9 Head and thorax orange-yellow ; abdomen all darkish

grey. Primaries uniform orange-yellow. Secondaries yel-

lowish, with the area to beyond the cell darkish grey.

Expanse, d 30, 2 34 mm.

Hab, Vella Lavella (Solomon Isles); February and March.

‘l'ype in my collection.

Allied to 2. varians, but the abdomen is dark and the lines

differ, whilst the female differs altogether.

Lymantria ninayi, sp. n.

Tlead white, collar finely black, thorax white; legs white,

edged with bright crimson and black; abdomen black.

Primaries with basal area to end of cell and nearly to

tornus pure white, rest of wings dark grey; veins yellow,

a black basal bar from cell to costa, followed by a short

compressed series of four blackish spots in the same area,

which is again succeeded by an angulated black mark on the

costa, a very deeply serrate black postmedian line with a

lighter edge, followed by a much suffused and broader black

stripe equally serrate; termen spotted with black between

the veins. Secondaries pure white with terminal quarter

black, the apex being move broadly black, inner margin

narrowly black.

Expanse 39 mm.

Hab. Ninay Valley (Arfak Mountains), 3600 feet.

‘l'ype in my collection.

Allied to L. kebew, B-B.

PELLUCENS, gen. nov.

Antenne bipectinated to tip with long cilia, fore leg (in ¢)

with a long hairy spine from tibial joint much longer than

the tibia itself. Neuration: primaries, vein 2 from a third

from the lower angle, 4 from the lower angle, 5 from the

point of union with the discocellulars a little above 4, 6 from

the upper angle, 7, 8, 9, and 10 stalked, 10 from nearly

midway to the apex. Secondaries: 4 from the lower angle,

5 from near the lower angle, 6 and 7 from the upper angle ;

upper quarter of cell deeply recessed.

Type, Pellucens lactea, B-B.

Pellucens lactea, sp. n.

@. Head white, antenne black, thorax and abdomen

448 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

creamy. Both wings milky white, with the termen broadly

brown. Primaries with the costa very narrowly dark brown,

the dark termen crenulate as to its inner margin, owing to the

veins showing white through. Secondaries with veins

showing white through the dark margin, which is crenulate

on its inner edge.

Expanse 58 mm.

Hab. North coast of Dutch New Guinea.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Hypside.

Deilemera hyalina, sp. n.

g. Head tinged with yellow, with two central white spots

(vertical), collar and thorax dirty white spotted with black ;

abdomen dark grey, with dirty white or yellowish segmental

divisions. Primaries pale transparent brownish, with a

broad white irregular oblique stripe at the end of the cell

from costa to inner margin, a trace of a white dash on the

fold. Secondaries transparent milky white, with a broad

semitransparent brown border, veins showing white through.

Expanse 52 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet; February and March.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Deilemera warmasina, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, thorax with two

yellow lines meeting in centre, abdomen with yellowish

segmental divisions. Primaries blackish brown below the

the cell, white to within a quarter from'the tornus, a series

of five ovate interneural spots beyond the cell, getting larger

nearer the inner margin; a white spot in the cell at its end,

above it a trace of a short white dash, and a white fine line

in the cell; fringes white. Secondaries milky white with a

broad fairly even blackish-brown termen; fringes white.

Expanse 40-46 mm. "

Hab. Warmasin Lake, Arfak Mountains, 6000 feet ;

February.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Sphingide.

Oxyambulyx jordani, sp. n.

Head dove-grey with a broad golden-brown band between

Fleterocera from New Guinea. 449

the antenne; thorax dove-grey, with patagia and sides of

thorax golden olive-brown, meeting on the metathorax ;

abdomen dove-grey, yellow on the ventral surface, with a

slightly golden-brown patch on the dorsum of the two

terminal segments. Primaries dove-grey, with an olive-grey

subovate large spot on the costa near the base, and below

this below the cell a trace of a small dark spot palely

encircled, a double median dark line twice deeply indented,

enclosing a somewhat dark area, an obscure crenulate double

postmedian line also enclosing a somewhat darker area, apex

and lower radial area olive-brown, the latter with a dark

grey spot above vein 2, a subterminal broadish line of

golden olive-brown edged internally with very pale grey ;

termen broadly olive-grey, edged internally by a very dark

olive black-brown curved stripe. Secondaries: base eh grey

with yellow showing through, a broadish irregular waved

dark median line followed by a yellow band interrupted by

the veins, beyond which the area is dark blackish brown to

the termen, with a postmedian row of yellow spots ; costa and

apex broadly pale yellow.

Expanse 129 mm.

Hlab. Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 4000 feet ;

February and March.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Eupterotide.

Nervicompressa erectilinea, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous brown, abdomen

with an orange tinge. Primaries pale ochreous brown, with

a small pale spot darkly encircled in the cell near the base,

an erect straight dark median line, beyond which the post-

median area is darker and terminates in a scalloped edge,

apex also darker. Secondaries pale orange-brown, with a

trace of a darker median and curved postmedian line,

Expanse 44 mm.

Hub. Ninay Valley, 3000 feet, Arfak Mountains, Dutch

New Guinea.

Type in my collection,

PARAMARANE, gen. nov.

Head and thorax clothed with rough shortish hairs.

Antenne bipectinate. Legs hairy. Wings broad: primaries

roughly triangular, rapidly expanding ; secondaries fairly

full. esta primaries, vein 4 from the lower angle,

450 Mr. G. T. Bethune- Baker on new

5 from the middle, 6 from the upper angle, 7, 8, and 9

stalked from nearer the apex, 10 absent. Secondaries with

4 from the lower angle, 5 from above the middle, 6 and 7

stalked.

‘Type, Paramarane pulchra, B-B.

Paramarane pulchra, sp. n.

S. Head and thorax sooty black; abdomen ochreous

yellow. Legs sooty black. Primaries silvery white, costa

very finely yellow, fringes finely tipped with pale yellow, an

oblique waved yellow postmedian stripe with a dark brown

central finer line. Secondaries uniform golden-yellow.

Underside: both wings uniform golden yellow.

Expanse 51 mm.

Hab. Warmasin Lakes (Arfak Mountains), 6000 feet,

Dutch New Guinea ; February.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

RARISQUAMOSA, gen. nov.

Antenne with bristles and cilia. Wings: primaries broad,

expanding rapidly outwards; secondaries of moderate width.

Neuration: cell of moderate length; primaries with 4 from

the lower angle, 5 from above the middle of the cell which is

deeply recessed, 6, 7, 8, and 9 stalked, 10 absent, 11 from

the cell. Secondaries: 4 from the angle, 5 from above the

middle of the cell which is very deeply recessed, 6 and 7

stalked, 8 anastomosing shortly with 7 near the base of the

cell. The primaries are but scantily clothed with scales and

considerable areas are covered with fine biturcate hair-like

scales, often curled, which give the wings a semitransparent

appearance.

Type, Rarisquamosa arfaki, B-B.

Rarisquamosa arfaki, sp. 0.

¢. Head, antenne, thorax, and abdomen dull rufous ; legs

same colour. Both wings rufous. Primaries with the

median area broadly covered with fine grey bifurcate hair-like

scales, a broadish rufous line across the end of the cell, an

irregular terminal area of similar grey scales, the postmedian

area between these grey areas clear rufous. Secondaries

without any markings at all, but more scantily scaled at the

base.

Expanse 49 mm.

Hab. Ninay Valley, Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,

3600 feet.

Type in my collection.

bt. decd ie

Tleterocera from New Guinea. 451

Hypercydas albaserrati, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen deep orange-colour ;

antenne and legs black. Both wings rufous, each with a

subterminal lanceolate white stripe, veins slightly paler than

es up to the white stripe, a very obscure trace of a

arker median line across the primaries only.

Expanse 66 mm.

Hab. Biagi, British New Guinea.

Type in my collection.

Nearly allied to ZH. turnert, B-B., but the shape of the

subterminal line differs and it is white not yellow, and there

is no spot in the cell as in that species,

Geometridae.

Bordeta divergens, sp. n.

?- Head and thorax black, collar deep cream-colour ;

abdomen: proximal segment entirely clear yellow, rest of

abdomen clear yellow with a broad black dorsal stripe and a

brown ventral stripe. Primaries black, with three deep

cream spots, a large oblique one across the end of the cell, a

smaller subcostal one midway between it and the apex,

and a still smaller subterminal one between veins 3 and 4,

Secondaries deep black with the whole of the central area

orange from the base, extending to the inner margin and

along vein 1 and well above the costal vein, gradually

narrowing towards the termen, suddenly contracting on each

side at a quarter from the termen, but at veins 3 to 5 the

orange reaches nearly up to the termen.

Underside as the upper.

Expanse 60 mm.

Hab. Mount Kebea, British New Guinea, 3600 feet,

July.

Type in my collection.

This species is near fulvata, but is no doubt distinct.

Bordeta flavoplagata, sp. n.

9. Head black, collar yellow ; thorax black ; abdomen

black with fine yellow intersections. Both wings black.

Primaries with tlree yellow spots, an oval one at the end of

the cell, a smaller subcostal one near the apex, and a smaller

one below it near the termen. Secondaries with a large

yellow area from vein 6 to 1 extending well beyond the cell,

452 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

beyond this an irregular yellow spot between it and the

termen.

Underside as the upper.

Expanse 54 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea, 4000 feet.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Eubordeta flammens, sp. n.

&. Head and collar dark irideseent blue ; thorax black ;

abdomen dark metallic blue. Both wings black with scarlet-

red patches. Primaries with basal half (to about the end of

the cell) scarlet-red. Secondaries with a large scarlet-red

patch in the median area right up to the costa, leaving the

base and inner margin narrowly and the termen broadly

black.

Underside: primaries with the scarlet-red showing through

and a large subapical yellow patch in the black area.

Secondaries entirely yellow, with the termen and inner margin

narrowly black, and a somewhat restricted scarlet blush over

the yellow at the base.

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab. Warmasin Lakes, 6000 feet, Arfak Mountains,

Dutch New Guinea.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Eubordeta rubroplagata, sp. n.

g. Head, thorax, and abdomen black. Both wings black

with red patches. Primaries with a broad oblique red band

right across the wing near the end of the cell. Secondaries

with a subtriangular red patch by the apex.

Underside: primaries as above, with the addition of a

transverse broadish yellow subapical dash. Secondaries

black, with a short basal costal yellow dash, a yellow patch

below the end of the cell, and a yellow streak above tie

end of the cell confluent with a broadish subterminal yellow

curved stripe.

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab. Warmasin Lakes, 6000 feet, Arfak Mountains, Dutch

New Guinea.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Milionia rubristrigata, sp. n.

3. Head, patagia, and abdomen bright metallic blue.

Both wings black. Primaries witha restricted bright metallic-

blue base followed across the middle of the cell by an oblique

(=the an eee >

Hleterocera from New Guinea. 453

broadish red band, broadest on the fold, and extending right

across the wing. Secondaries with the base to well beyond

the end of the cell bright metallic blue, beyond this the black

has in certain lights a blue tone.

Expanse 46 mm.

Hab. Momi (4000 feet), Arfak Mountains, Dutch New

Guinea.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Milionia callima, sp. n.

é. Both wings velvety black. Primaries with the

terminal quarter bluish black, a small brilliant metallic basal

pale ae el patch restricted to the basal part of the

cell but extending diagonally to the middle of the inner

margin, a postmedian stripe of similar colour, indefinite as

to margins, broadish at the costa and tapering towards the

tornus. Secondaries with a very indefinite postmedian

irregular area of sublustrous deep blue.

Underside: primaries with a broad pale metallic bluish-

green transverse band across the end of the cell. Secondaries

with a similarly coloured basal patch nearly up to the end of

the cell.

Expanse 47 mm.

Hab. Momi, 4000 feet, Arfak Mountains, Dutch New

Guinea.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Milionia basiviridis, sp. n.

3. Both wings velvety black. Primaries with a very

restricted basal patch of pale metallic greenish, secondaries

with a sublustrous blue dash in the cell.

Underside with the basal greenish patch larger, but only

extending slightly below the cell.

Expanse 44 mm.

Hab, Momi, Arfak Mountains (4000 feet), Warmasin

Lakes, 6000 feet, Dutch New Guinea.

‘Type in Coll. Kenrick,

Milionia keberai, sp. n.

9. Both wings deep velvety black. Primaries with an

oblique slightly curved even broadish brilliant median stripe

of pale metallic bluish green. Secondaries with a similar

green dot at the end of the cell.

Underside: primaries as above, but the stripe broader and

454 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

shorter. Secondaries witha short green basal costal dash, and

a narrow brilliant metallic curved short stripe crossing the

end of the cell.

Expanse 47 mm.

Hab. Mount Keberai, 8000 feet, Arfak Mountains, Dutch

New Guinea.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

I was at first inclined to think this might be the female of

the previous species, but the underside is so totally different in

the metallic markings that I conclude its male has not yet

been received.

Milionia arfaki, sp. n.

3. Head (vertex) and abdomen bronzy lustrous green.

Both wings deep black with rosy-red bands. Primaries with

a median broad red oblique stripe slightly curved, scarcely

touching the costa, a broadish inner-marginal dash from

beyond the base, scarcely touching the transverse stripe.

Secondaries with a broad red band across the end of the

cell,

Underside as above, but the red is replaced with orange.

2. As the male, but the transverse stripes are nearer the

termen and right across the wings in both primaries and

secondaries, and the red is inclined to orange.

Expanse, ¢ 50, 2? 51 mm.

Hab. Warmasin Lakes, 6000 feet, Arfak Mountains, Dutch

New Guinea.

Types in Coll. Kenrick.

In some specimens the inner-marginal dash is quite isolated

from the transverse band of the primaries, in others like the

type it almost touches, whilst in one male it forms a broad

continuous angulated stripe.

Milionia flavostriga, sp. n.

@. Head and collar iridescent blue; thorax slightly tawny ;

abdomen bright pale metallic blue (not green), Both wings

black with orange-yellow bands. Primaries with a broad

orange-yellow oblique band from the costa nearly into the

tornus across the end of the cell, a broad darker yellow patch

from the base into the cell, whence it tapers off into the

oblique band, thus making the whole of the inner margin

yellow and leaving only a narrowish wedge-shaped black

mark from the costa to vein 1. Secondaries with a broad

postmedian orange-yellow band irregular as to its outer

margin ; basal area covered with tawny yellow scales.

Underside as the upperside, except that there is no yellow

’

Teterocera from New Guinea. 455

at all in the basal areas and that both these areas are metallic

bright bluish.

Expanse 54 mm.

Hab. Warmasin Lakes, 6000 feet, Arfak Mountains,

Dutch New Guinea.

Type in Coll. Kenrick,

Milionia subaurea, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and proximal segment of abdomen dull

black, rest of abdomen entirely dull yellowish. Primaries

dull black with a broad postmedian oblique red band from the

costa into the tornus,a black tooth intercepting it at the

tornus, Secondaries black with the median area very broadly

golden yellow up to the inner margin, thus leaving a very

restricted black base and narrow black costa, but with the

termen very broadly deep black, in which is a dull golden-

yellow irregular small patch about vein 3.

Underside exactly as upperside.

Iexpanse 56 mm.

Hab. Ninay Valley (3600 feet), Arfak Mountains, Dutch

New Guinea.

Type in my collection.

Milionia magna, sp. n.

¢d. Head and thorax sooty black ; abdomen sooty black,

with the four anal segments yellow tipped on the dorsum

with black bars. Both wings sooty black. Primaries with

a very broad oblique white band across the end of the cell,

bent inwardly about vein 2, this band extends right across

the wing from the costa to the inner margin and has a distinct

trace of red scaling at the latter point. Secondaries with a

broad oblique red bar beyond the end of the cell from the

inner margin to vein 6,

Underside as the upper.

Expanse 86 mm.

Hab. Ninay Valley (3600 feet), Arfak Mountains, Dutch

New Guinea.

Type in my collection.

Soritia flaviplaga, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax black ; abdomen black, with yellow

segmental divisions. Primaries black, with a bright yellow

oblique postmedian band. Secondaries with the basal area

bright yellow extending far beyond the cell in the lower

456 Mr. G. T. Bethune-Baker on new

radial area, leaving the apex and the tornus very broadly

black and the outer margin less broadly black, especially in

the lower radial area. Under surface similar to that above,

but with the yellow parts larger, and in addition the apices

of both wings have a steely-blue stripe.

Expanse 37 mm.

Hab. Aroa River; British New Guinea.

‘Type in my collection.

Psychidz.

(HcericinZ.)

HYALINARIA, gen. nov.

Antennze bipectinated to tips, abdomen long. Legs: fore

tarsus with terminal joint long, no tibial spine. Mid femur

large and dilated, tarsus with terminal joint longish; hind

leg with femur very broad and much dilated, tarsus very

short. Wings large and broad. Neuration: primaries with

vein 6 from above the middle of the discocellulars, 7, 8,

and 9 stalked (in one specimen vein 9 is absent in the left

wing). Secondaries with vein 5 absent, 8 sending branches

to the costa.

Type, Hyalinaria fuscibasis, B-B.

Hyalinaria fuscibasis, sp. n.

g. Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with lightish

brown hairs. Both wings almost hyaline, base only clothed

with lightish brown scales ; secondaries for a more restricted

area than the primaries; in the secondaries the abdominal

fold has a scanty clothing of light brown hairs.

Expanse 50 mm.

Hab. Ninay Valley, Arfak Mountains, Dutch New

Guinea.

‘Type in my collection.

Lasiocampide.

Pseudophyllodes nigrostrigata, sp. n.

3g. Head and thorax rufous, antenne blackish with shaft

black, abdomen rufous with broadish dark segmental divisions.

Both wings deep rufous. Primaries with a broadish indefinite

slightly curved black stripe from the base to the termen

through the cell and between veins 5 and 6, a very obscure

trace of two parallel dark lines across the postmedian area.

Fringes rufous. Secondaries with the portion of the wings

TlTeterocera from New Guinea. 457

below vein 6 more or less suffused with black, fringes

white.

Expanse 56 mm.

Hab, Ninay Valley, Arfak Mountains, Dutch New Guinea,

3600 feet.

Type in my collection.

A near ally to Pseudophyllodes rubiginea, B-B.

Pseudophyllodes ninayt, sp. n.

?. Head, antenne, thorax, abdomen, and legs all pale

ochreous grey. Both wings pale ochreous grey. Primaries

with two darkish median lines, two postmedian, and one sub-

terminal line, all strongly crenulate, a dark spot at the end

of the cell, apical quarter of wing to about vein 5 pale rufous.

Secondaries with a broad curved darker band, beyond which

the ground-colour is more ochreous.

Expanse 53 mm. :

Hab, Ninay Valley, Arfak Mountains, 3600 feet.

‘Type in my collection.

I place this species temporarily in this genus, though it

may turn out to belong to another when the male sex is

discovered,

Limacodide.

Mambara dubia, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, abdomen, and both wings pale pinkish

ochreous grey. Primaries with the least trace of a fine

darker median line and a fine dark curved postmedian line.

Secondaries without any mark at all.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet ; February and March.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Near to M. inconspicua, B-B., but a decidedly smaller

species, and the median and postmedian line both differ in

shape and position, the latter ending further away from the

tornus.

Mambara pallens, sp. n.

d. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale pinkish brown.

Both wings pale ochreous grey. Primaries with an obscure

median strongly dentate fine line; fringes slightly darker

with a pinkish tinge. Secondaries slightly darker than

primaries, with a pinkish tinge quite markless.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Artak Mountains, 4000 ft.; February and March.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8, Vol. vi. 31

458 Mr. G. S. Miller on

Hepialida.

Cinetus arfakt, sp. n.

g. Head and thorax brown ; abdomen pinkish ochreous,

brown on the terminal segments. Primaries pale yellowish

green, with three small rufous spots near the middle of the

costa and a larger rufous patch near the tornus on the inner

margin, a silvery-white spot below the middle of the cell, a

similar one below vein 2 and two above this latter spot at

vein 5—one on each side of it. Secondaries pinkish cream-

colour.

Expanse 71 mm.

Hab, Arfak Mountains, 4000 feet ; February and March.

Type in Coll. Kenrick.

L.— Descriptions of Six new European Mammals.

By Gerrit 8. MILLER.

Or the six new mammals here described four are in the

collection of the British Museum, the two others have been

kindly placed at my disposal by Dr. Knud Andersen and

Mr. Angel Cabrera.

Sorex araneus granarius, subsp. n.

Type—Adult male (in spirit). B.M. no. 6. 11. 4. 4.

Collected at La Granja, Segovia, Spain, by M. de la

Escalera.

Characters.---Smallest known European race of Sorex

araneus, the condylo-basal length of skull only about 17-5 mm.,

upper tooth-row about 7°5 mm.; palate wide in front as in

S. araneus fretal/s, but anterior teeth not enlarged.

Measurements.—T ype (adult male) and an older male, also

from La Granja. Head and body 62 and 66.mm.; tail 36

and 37; hind foot 11°6.and 11°6; ear from meatus 6°6 and 7;

condylo-basal length of skull 17°6 and 17:4; breadth of brain-

case 9°0 and 9°2; mandible 9:0 and 9:0; maxillary tooth-

row (entire) 7°6 and 7-4; mandibular tooth-row (entire)

7°0 and 6°8.

Specimens examined.—'wo, both from the type locality.

Remarks.—The discovery of this animal is of unusual

interest, as there has hitherto been no authentic record of the

occurrence of a member of the genus Sorex in the Iberian

Peninsula.

liens ade)

Bi —

new European Mammals. 459

Dyromys rohustus, sp. n.

Type.—Adult female (in spirit). Collected at Rustchuk,

Bulgaria, by K. Andersen.

Characters.—Like Dyromys nitedula, but skull broader and

more robust, with relatively shorter rostrum and much en-

larged audital bulla.

Measurements—Head and body 95 mm.; tail 87; hind

foot 22; ear from meatus 15; condylo-basal length of skull

25°6 ; zygomatic breadth 16°8; mastoid breadth 13°6 ; man-

dible 15°2; maxillary tooth-row (alveoli) 3°8; mandibular

tooth-row 4:2 (teeth slightly worn).

Specimen examined.— The type.

fiemarks.—In its peculiar broad robust skull, relatively

short rostrum, and enlarged audital bulle this animal differs

from all the hitherto known European races of D. nitedula

as well as from the Asiatic members of the genus.

Microtus dentatus, sp. n.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull). Collected at Moli-

nicos, Sierra de Segura, Albacete, Spain, December 11, 1908,

Characters—Similar to JMuierotus cabrere, Thomas, of

Central Spain, but larger, the skull about 30 mm. in condylo-

basal length ; teeth excessively heavy, larger than in any

other known European JMJicrotus, the maxillary tooth-row

8 mm. in length ; m3 with completely closed triangle on outer

side; colour paler and less buffy. (Ground-colour of back and

sides less yellow than the cream-buff of Ridgway, the general

effect a peculiar buffy grey, noticeably different from the olive

or bistre of M/. cabrere; underparts light grey, scarcely

tinged with buff.)

Measurements.—Type. Head and body 125 mm.; tail 40;

hind foot (dry) 22 ; upper length of skull 29°4 (in type of

cabrere 26°6) ; condylo-basal length 30+ (in type of cabrere

27°0); mandible 19°0; maxillary tooth-row (alveoli) 8-0;

mandibular tooth-row 7:6.

Specimen examined.—'lhe type.

Remarks.—I1 owe to the kindness of Mr. A. Cabrera the

opportunity of examining the type and only known specimen

ot this species. ‘lhe animal is evidently related to Microtus

cabrere, but its unusually large molars immediately distin-

guish it among the European members of the genus. ‘The

presence of a completely closed triangle in the posterior lower

molar is equally unusual,

31*

460 On new European Mammals.

Pitymys atticus, sp. n.

Type.—Adult female (skin and skull). B.M. no. 8. 10. 2.51.

Collected at Kephissia, near Athens, Greece, June 30, 1908,

by Chas. Mottaz. Original number 6113.

Characters.—Size much less than in Pitymys thomasi,

Barrett-Hamilton, the only other known Balkan form, and

about as in P. duodecimeostatus. Differs from the latter in

less projecting upper incisors, less obliquely truncate oeciput,

shorter, broader, and deeper rostrum, relatively wider inter-

orbital region, and flatter, less inflated audital bulle.

Measurements.—Type. Head and body 95 mm.; tail 25;

hind foot (dry) 16; ear 8:2; zygomatic breadth of skull 14°6 ;

mandible 16:2; maxillary tooth-row (alveoli) 6°0 ; mandibular

tooth-row 6:2.

Specimen examined.—The type.

Apodemus sylvaticus creticus, subsp. n.

Type.—A dult female (skin and skull). B.M. no. 5.12.2.27.

Collected at Katharo, Crete, by Miss D. M. A. Bate. Original

number 27.

Characters.—Size smaller than in the other Mediterranean

forms, essentially as in true sylvaticus ; colour pale and

yellowish (ground-colour above a clear, light, yellowish cream-

buff, withcut greyish tinge except occasionally on crown and

neck, scarcely different on sides away from line of demarca-

tion, where it becomes slightly more yellowish; back heavily

“lined” with black ; underparts and feet white, the region

from interramia to base of tail dulled by the blackish-slate

under-colour).

Measurements.— Type. Head and body 88 mm.; tail $8;

hind foot 21; ear 173; condylo-basal length of skull 22°8 ;

zygomatic breadth 12:4; mandible 13°8; maxillary tooth-

row 3:8; mandibular tooth-row 3°6. ‘Teeth well worn.

Specimens examined.—Six, all from the island of Crete

(two from Kanea, the others from Katharo).

Capreolus capreolus canus, subsp. n.

Type.—Old male (skin and skull). B.M. no. 8. 7. 7. 28.

Collected at Quintanar de la Sierra, Burgos, Spain, during

the winter of 1907, by the Rev. Saturio Gonzalez. Original

number 2.

Characters.—Colour of winter pelage greyish, as in C. ca-

preolus transsylvanicus, Matschie, but dark area more coarsely

On new Carnivora from North-east Africa. 461

grizzled, and light patches on neck and throat absent or

faintly indicated, the whitish area on chin sharply contrasted

with region immediately behind it. Summer pelage not

known.

Measurements—Type. Head and body 1220 mm.; hind

foot 305; hind foot including hoof 355; ear 120; upper

length of skull 161; condylo-basal length 189+; zygomatic

breadth 92; mandible 164; maxillary tooth-row 55°8 ;

mandibular tooth-row 66,

Specimens examined.— Bight (three in U.S. National

Museum), all from the Province of Burgos, Spain.

LI.—On Two new Carnivora from North-east Africa.

By A. Casrera, C.M.Z.S.

UntIL so recently as 1909, Otocyon megalotis, described by

Desmarest in 1822 from specimens obtained by Delalande

in the Cape Colony, was the only form of its genus

known to naturalists. All subsequent names (lalandii, cafer,

auritus), as based also on the South-African animal, are mere

synonyms. Now, last year, my friend Mr. G. 8S. Miller

described as Otocyon virgatus the long-eared fox from

British East Africa (type locality, Naivasha), distinguishing

it by the peculiar colour of the tail and the ventral surface of

the body, and by the skull “ differing from that of O. mega-

lotis in the flatter, less inflated audital bulla, and absence of

notch between angular and subangular processes of man-

dible” *. The last detail is not correct, Mr. Miller having

been misled by Huxley’s bad figure in ‘ Proceedings of the

Zoological Society,’ 1880, p. 258, in which the lower jaw

presents above the subangular process a deep notch, a purely

imaginary characteristic that is never normally present in

skulls of Otocyon. This may be seen in the woodcut pub-

lished by Mivart in his ‘ Monograph of the Canide,’ p. 205,

that figure being the most correct and most trustworthy L

have seen.

Otocyon virgatus is, notwithstanding, readily distinguish-

able from megalotis not only by its colour but also by the

less inflated bullae and the smaller teeth, the width of m!

hardly representing a fifth of the total width of the palate at

* Smithsonian Misc. Coll, vol. lii. part 4, no. 1883.

462 Mr. A. Cabrera on new

the level of the same tooth, whereas in megalotis the width

of this molar is about a quarter of that of the palate.

Examining, at the suggestion of Mr. Oldfield Thomas and

Mr. G. 8. Miller, the Somaliland specimens of Otocyon in

the British Museum, I find them to represent a third form

that may be distinguished by its very pale fur, almost white

on the forehead, and its skull with little-developed bullz and

small teeth, like those of virgatus, but comparatively shorter

and broader, especially on the rostrum. The following is a

description of this new species :—

Otocyon canescens, sp. Nn.

Diagnosis.—Allied to O. virgatus, but paler in colour, with

more white forehead and a shorter and broader skull.

Colour.—Dorsal surface of body grizzled black and white,

the white predominating on the sides, and with a slight buffy

tinge over all, due to the underfur, which is pale buff with

hair-brown base. The long hairs are black with a broad

white band, broader and almost reaching the extreme point

on the flanks. Ventral suiface ochraceous buff, as in virgatus,

but a little paler, especially on the throat, where the colour

becomes cream-buff. Muzzle and face across the eyes and

almost to the ears very dark sepia; the forehead and the

cheeks dirty white, in marked contrast with the dark face.

The long hair inside the ears and the rim of the same,

excepting the point, cream-buff; the outside of the ears

brownish black, as usual, and clay-colour about the base.

The hind part of the fore legs and the inner part of the hind

legs ochraceous buff. Feet black, with some ochraceous

hairs on the under side. Tail quite as in virgatus, pale

ochraceous buff with the point and a broad stripe along the

upper side black.

Skul/—Very similar to that of v/rgatus, but easily dis-

tinguishable by its broader and shorter rostrum and by the

more convex form of the alveolar border of the palate. In

megalotis and virgatus the relation between the greatest width

of the palate and the upper dental series (from canine) is

about 65 : 100, in canescens it is 70 : 100.

Teeth small; pm, without the small cusp on the fore part.

of the base which exists in megalotis, and mg, with the same

elements as in mg, like virgatus.

Measurements (type, in the flesh) :—

Head and body 437 mm.; tail 285; ear 120.

Skull-measurements of the type and of another specimen of

the same species are compared with those of wirgatus and

megalotis in the following table :—

Carnivora from North-east Africa. 403

O. canescens. O. virgatus. O. megilotis,

~ a

_ Type. (OP) “y (Leikipia.) (Kilimanjaro.) (Cape Col.) —(S. Africa.)

mm, mm. mm, mm. mm. mm.

Condylobasal length. 110°8 108 104 1115 (Hinder 116

part of skull

Rasilar length...... 104 101°2 99 105 broken.) 106°5

Zygomatic breadth . 64:5 615 6 62 55 64

Greatest breadth of

brain-case ...... 41 41 42 416 43 43

Interorbital breadth. 23°6 24°5 20°4 21 19°5 21

Postorbital constric-

SES 26 30°5 28 28 26°5 27

Breadth on canines. 185 20 17°6 18°6 18 17

- Width of palate be-

_ tweenm'andm’?. 380 29 27 28 28 30

Mandible, from the

4 81 82 80 86:5 82 86

Upper dental series,

from canine...... 40°5 41 42-4 43 44 46

_ Lower dental series,

from canine...... 48 49 48 50 47 52

, Width of m'...... 6 55 5 62 yi

Length of the same (Lost)

A hile de juve 46 4:8 4:5 45 55

Hab. “ All the internal plateau of Somaliland” (Drake

Brockman, ‘The Mammals of Somaliland,’ p. 49).

Type. Adult, but not old, male. B.M. no. 6.3.4.5. Col-

lected by Mr. Drake Brockman in Somaliland, 10 miles south

of Burao, on December 31, 1905. Collector’s no. 52.

I have seen, besides the type and the Upper Sheik specimen,

procured by Mr. Drake Brockman and mentioned in the

above table, another without exact locality, collected by Lord

Delamere, and two skulls without skins, one from Lahello,

collected by Mr. Peel, and the other presented by Mr. Rowland

Ward, without exact locality.

Examining some other African Carnivora in the British

Museum, I find that the Nubian Proteles, represented in the

collection by several specimens obtained in and near Suakim

by the late Dr. Anderson and Major Penton, appears to be

a new form, so different from the South-African P. cristatus

that I almost incline to regard it as a distinct species. But

other forms of the genus having been previously described

as mere subspecies by the Hon. W. Rothschild *, I think it

wiser to place the Nubian animal, at least provisionally, in

the same category.

* Noy. Zool. ix. p. 443,

464 On new Carnivora from North-east Africa.

Proteles cristatus pallidior, subsp. n.

Diagnosis.—A very pale form, allied to P. c. septentrionalis,

but with less black on the mane and tail and brownish, not

black, feet.

Colour.—Pale yellowish cream, almost white on the ventral

surface and on the forehead, the latter lacking the blackish

mixture so conspicuous in P. cristatus cristatus. The hairs

of the body are quite unicoloured, without the dark brown

base always present in the typical race, and there are none of

the long black hairs that the South-African animal has

among the pale fur. Cheeks and sides of the neck like the

body, not rufous as in true erdstatus. Muzzle black. Ears

pale greyish brown. Mane with very little black. All the

black bands on the flanks comparatively narrow. Feet dirty

cream, coarsely banded with brownish black, and brown

about the toes. ‘Tail with two or three inconspicuous indica-

tions of blackish bands, and black only at its extreme point.

Skull.—I cannot find any important difference between the

skull of this race and that of true eristatus, excepting that

pallidior has a considerably broader interorbital region.

Measurements (type, in the flesh) :—

Hind foot 1835 mm.; ear 106. Other measurements not

available.

As regards the skull, I think it convenient to compare its

dimensions with those of another specimen of the same form

and also with septentrionalis and eristatus :—

P.c. pallidior. P.c. septentrionalis. P. c. cristatus.

i eee aE = | a TE as =

B.M. 5.12.2.2. B.M.95.5.2.2. B.M.43.1.58. B.M. 2.9.1.28.

Type. (Suakim.) (Near Berbera.) (Orange R. C.) (Deelfontein.)

mm, mm. mm, mm, mm,

Condylobasal length. 130 134 144 134 141

Basilar length .... 121°5 125'8 134'8 125 132

Zygomatic breadth. 80 82 85 79 81

Greatest breadth of

brain-case ...... 45°8 45 47 40 44

Interorbital breadth. 36 31 335 25 29

Postorbital constric-

LONG. och-regepl oe cas 37 36 37 308 34

Breadth on canines. 388 38 41 36°4 37

Upper dental series,

from canine...... Al 4] ace 40 40°5—

Lower dental! series,

from canine...... ice 51 53 os em

Mandible, from con-

dyle £95225 seus 93 94 102 93 97

* The last molar wanting.

ew... vay

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 465

Fab. Nubia, at least on the Red Sea coast.

Type. Adult male, from Suakim. B.M. no, 4. 8. 2. 25,

Presented by Mrs. Anderson.

I have examined besides this specimen two others (skins

and skulls) and three skulls, one of them of a very young

animal,

Remarks.—There is a very good figure of this race in

Anderson’s § Zoology of Egypt,’ pl. xxviii., drawn from a

live specimen coming from the Suakim plains. Perhaps it

has been represented a little darker and redder than it really

was, but the scarcity of black on the tail and mane and the

feet pale brown, not black, are well shown. Comparing that

figure with the one published by Flower in the ‘ Proceedings

of the Zoological Society, 1869, pl. xxxix., the difference

between the northern and the southern races can be seen at

a glance. J’roteles cristatus septentrionalis (of which there

is a good specimen in the British Museum, obtained by

Mr. Drake Brockman in Somaliland, 50 miles south of

Berbera) has the pale colour and the unicoloured hair of

pallidior, but with the black feet and the more blackened

mane and tail of typical cristatus.

LII.—RAynchotal Notes.—LII. By W. L. Distant.

Australasian Pentatomide (continued from p. 386).

NrEoMAZzIvuM, gen. nov.

Body somewhat fiat, broadened posteriorly ; head about

as long as breadth at base between eyes, the lobes subequal

in length, apex of the central lobe very slightly prominent,

lateral margins in front of eyes strongly and somewhat

obliquely sinuate, distinctly reflexed, abruptly and sub-

angularly terminating a little before apex ; eyes substylate ;

antenniferous tubercles distinctly strongly spined outwardly ;

antenne five-jointed, first joint reaching apex of head,

second shortest, third longest; pronotum about twice as

broad at base as long, the lateral margins concavely sinuate,

finely crenulate, the anterior angles strongly outwardly

straightly spinous, the lateral angles more obscurely,

shortly and finely spinous, posterior margin before scutellum

straizhtly truncate ; scutellum about as broad at base as

long, its apex reaching or very slightly passing the inuer

apical angle of the corium which is short, its costal

466 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australas*‘an Pentatomide.

margin convexly rounded, its apical margin truncate, in-

wardly reaching the base of the penultimate abdominal

segment ; membrane absent; rostrum slightly passing the

posterior coxie, first joint reaching base of head, second

passing the anterior cox, third not quite reaching the

posterior cox; sternum centrally suleate; abdomen not

suleate; femora only moderately thickened.

e genus to be placed near Hypogomphus, Spin.= Mazium,

Dall.

Neomazium typicum, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, scutellum, and corium dark castaneous,

thickly coarsely punctate, the anterior angles of the pro-

notum pale luteous ; antenne dull ochraceous, first joint

a little thickened and about reaching the apex of head,

second shortest, shorter than first, third longest, fourth and

fifth subequal im length ; exposed apical area of abdomen

ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate, connexivum paler and

less punctate ; head beneath and sternum ochraceous, very

thickly, blackly, coarsely punctate ; abdomen beneath ochra-

ceous, very finely darkly punctate, the lateral margins pale

and almost impunctate; coxe and legs ochraceous, the

latter very finely mottled. or spotted with castaneous.

Structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 7} to 84 mm.

Hab. Queensland ; Peak Downs.

Genus Scrocoris.

Sciocoris, Fall. Hem. Suec. p. 20 (1829).

Type, S. cursitans, Fabr.,=terreus, Schrank.

ype, ’ >

Sciocoris troughtoni, sp. n.

Pale ochraceous, probably uniformly of that colour in

fresh specimens, but more or less clouded in the two speci-

mens now before me; head about as long as breadth at base

between the eyes, somewhat truncately rounded in front,

eyes of moderate size, somewhat prominently projecting, but

not quite reaching the anterior angles of the pronotum,

central lobe prominent, slightly raised; antenne pale ochra-

ceous, fourth joint, excluding base, and the whole of fifth

joint fuscous, first joint not reaching apex of head, second

and third joints almost subequal in length, fourth and fifth

longest and also subequal ; pronotum about twice as broad

at base as median length, the lateral marginal areas sub-

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 467

laminate, their outer edges obliquely rounded, anterior and

posterior margins truncate, moderately convexly declivous

from base to apex, obscurely finely punctate; scutellum

about as long as broad at base, which is subequal to breadth

of base of head, lateral margins moderately oblique, distinctly

foveate at each basal angle, obscurely finely wrinkled and

sparsely punctate; corium finely, sparsely punctate; mem-

brane greyish ; connexivuam mottled with fuscous brown;

legs finely spinulose, posterior tarsi with the basal joint

slightly shorter than the remaining joints together, the

claws black.

Long. 5 to 6 mm.

Hab. Troughton Island, off the N.W. coast of Austvalia

(Com. Walker, Brit. Mus.).

The two specimens on which this species is founded were

collected during the voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Penguin.’

Sciocoris hermannsi, sp. u.

Dull greyish, moderately speckled with blackish, basal

area of the scutellum testaceous ; membrane with the basal

area continued hindward in two longitudinal spots, black ;

head about as long as breadth between eyes, laterally very

slightly sinuate in front of eyes and apically truncately

rounded, central lobe prominent and slightly raised, the

surface sparsely, somewhat coarsely darkly punctate, eyes of

moderate size, prominent, not quite reaching the anterior

pronotal angles ; aniennz greyish ochraceous, more or less

suffused with testaceous, basal joint not reaching apex of

head, second and third subequal in length, each shorter than

fourth or fifth, which are also subequal ; pronotum about

twice as broad at base as median length, sparsely irregularly

darkly punctate, the anterior marginal area behind head

suffused with piceous, the lateral areas sublaminate, their

margins moderately rounded; scutellum about as long as

broad at base, the basal angles foveate, the basal area testa-

ceous with a few small black macular markings, behind this

are two longitudinal fa-ciate piceous spots and a piceous

spot at apex; corium obscurely finely punctate, the costal

area a little paler, the costal margin speckled with black ;

body beneath and legs ochraceous, posterior tarsi with the

basal joint almost as loug as the two remaining joints

together.

Long. 6 mm.

Hab. Central Australia; Hermanunsburg (H. J. JLiillier,

Brit. Mus. ).

468 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

Sciocoris rubens, sp. 0.

Testaceous with piceous mottlings ; head about as long as

breadth between eyes, the central lobe distinctly prominent,

thickly punctate, the lateral margins paler and spotted with

piceous, eyes prominent, not quite reaching anterior pronotal

angles ; antennz ochraceous, basal joint not reaching apex

of head, second joint slightly shorter or subequal in length

to third, fourth and fifth longest and subequal ; pronotum

about twice as broad at base as median length, thickly

punctate, the lateral margins sublaminately reflexed, paler in

hue and finely spotted with piceous, basal margin narrowly

black; seutellum about as long as broad at base, the basal

angles foveate, a longitudinal fasciate spot formed by blackish

punctures on each lateral area, not reaching apex, a small

but distinct black marginal spot on each side before apex ;

corium thickly finely punctate, base of lateral margins

slightly laminate, paler and finely spotted with brownish ;

membrane piceous, not reaching the abdominal apex ; con-

nexivum ochraceous with brownish spots ; body beneath and

legs ochraceous ; posterior tarsi with the basal joint shorter

than the two remaining joints together.

Long. 6 mm.

Hab. Central Australia; Hermannsburg (H. J. Hillier,

Brit. Mus. ).

ADELAIDENA, gen. nov.

Head about as long as broad at base, only slightly nar-

rowed towards apex which is broadly subtruncate, the margins

slightly reflexed, distinctly declivous in front of eyes, which

are prominent but not reaching anterior pronotal angles ;

antennze five-jointed, basal joint not reaching apex of head ;

pronotum about twice as broad at base as medially long, the

lateral margins laminate, reflexed and roundly oblique,

anterior margin concave between the eyes, posterior margin

truncate, posterior lateral angles subprominent; scutellum

longer than broad, narrowing to apex, lateral margins to

near apex oblique, slightly sinuate, about as long as pronotum

and head together; corium longer than scutellum, its apical

angle extending to near the apical margin of the abdomen ;

connexivum exposed ; membrane small but slightly passing

the abdominal apex, the veins mostly longitudinal ; rostrum

reaching the posterior coxe, first joint reaching base of head,

second reaching anterior cox, third longest; femora

moderately thickened ; posterior tarsi with the basal joint

much shorter than the remaining joints together,

Allied to Sciocoris and principally differing by the length

aud shape of the scutellum.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Austrulasian Pentatomide. 469

Adelaidena regina, sp. n.

Above greyish ochraceous, mottled with black; head

sparingly coarsely brownly punctate, a distinct impunctate

spot a little before each eye, a few black punctures at middle

of apical margin; antenne with the first, second, and third

joints ochraceous with a few brown punctures, fourth and

fifth black with their bases ochraceous, second and third

almost subequal in length, fourth and fifth distinctly in-

crassated excluding base and subequal in length; pronotum

sparingly rather coarsely brownly punctate, the cicatrices

bordered with black, and a transverse series of black punc-

tures about one-third from base continued in six longitudinal

series to base, in the basal area there are also six levigate

ochraceous lines; scutellum sparingly coarsely punctate,

some of the punctures being black, a black spot at each basal

angle and a small black spot on each side a little before

apex ; corium and connexivum sparingly coarsely brownly

punctate, the latter with the incisures margined on each

side with black, membrane greyish with the veins brownish ;

body beneath and legs very pale ochraceous, abdomen casta-

neously punctate on each lateral area; femora blackly

punctate near apices, tibiz blackly punctate on central area,

posterior legs mutilated in type; structural characters as in

generic diagnosis.

Long. 6 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 4 mm.

Hab. N.W. Australia; Adelaide River (Com. Walker,

Brit. Mus.).

Collected during the voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Penguin.’

Genus MENESTHEUS.

Menestheus, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Firh, 1867, p. 504.

Type, M. nercivus, Dall.

In Stal’s description of the genus he gives the head as

much longer than the pronotum; this is quite correct as in

M. cuneatus, Dist., but not so with regard to the type

M. nercivus, Dall., in which the head and pronotum are

equal or subequal in length, as they are also in the species

now described.

Menestheus doddi, sp. n.

Dull ochraceous, punctured with brownish; head about as

long as pronotum, narrowing to apex, the lateral lobes con-

siderably longer than the central, meeting beyond it with

their apices distinctly separated, the central lobe is blackly

470 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatonide.

punctate on each side and the lateral lobes outwardly mar-

ginally darkly punctate (excluding bases and apices), an

impunctate spot before each eye; antenne ochraceous,

fourth and fifth joints fuscous, basal joint short, stout, about

reaching middle of lateral margins, first, second, and third

joints subequal in length, fourth and fifth much the longest,

subequal in length and distinctly pilose; pronotum thickly

brownly punctate, the lateral margins pale, an obscure trans-

verse impression a little before middle, and a central longi-

tudinal brownish line, the anterior angles somewhat acutely

prominent outside the eyes; scutellum thickly brownly

coarsely punctate, a black foveate spot near each basal angle,

from the neighbourhood of which are two pale levigate lines

converging near middle and then contiguously longitudinally

continued to apex; corium thickly finely brownly punctate,

base of lateral margin narrowly ochraceous; membrane

greyish, the veins much darker; connexivum dull ochraceous,

spotted with piceous; body beneath and legs (imperfectly

seen in carded specimen) dull ochraceous, a sublateral pale

fascia on each side of sternum, the lateral areas darker, a

small black spot on each side of pro-, meso-, and meta-

sterna.

Long. 55 mm.

Hab. Queensland (#. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

A very small but distinct species of the genus.

Genus Errpores.

EBribotes, Stil, Ofy. Vet.-Ak. Férh, 1867, p. 504.

Type, #. australis, Dall.

Eribotes leana, sp. 0.

Ochraceous, fasciately marked with blackish ; head about

as long as pronotum, central lobe subequal in length to the

lateral lobes, but a little prominent at apex, coarsely punctate,

margins of central lobe and outer margins of lateral lobes

(excluding bases and apices) blackly punctate, an impunctate

spot before each eye; antennz with the first, second, and

third joints ochraceous, fourth black, first short and stout,

second and third subequal, each much shorter than fourth,

fifth mutilated in the two specimens examined; pronotum

coarsely punctate, with four longitudinal somewhat oblique

fasciate series of black punctures, lateral margins moderately

ampliately rounded and slightly reflexed ; scutellum a little

longer than the corium, sparsely coarsely punctate, an oblique

black line at each basal angle and a central black spot at

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 471

apex, three pale raised levigate fascie uniting near middle

and then coutinued in a central fascia to near apex ; corium

darkly punctate, the veins prominent and levigate, membrane

short, greyish, the veins fuscous and more or less furcate ;

counexivum finely spotted with blackish; body beneath and

legs ochraceous ; sternum coarsely punctate with a sublateral

area of black punctures, a small black spot on each side of

pro-, meso-, and metasterna ; spiracles and small abdominal

marginal spots black ; apical joint of tarsi black.

Long. 6 to 7 mm.

Hab, N.S. Wales (A. M. Lea, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to £. australis, Dall., but differing in the longer

fourth joint of the antenne, the larger linear black impression

to the basal angles of the scutellum, &c.

Eribotes hobartensis, sp. n.

Somewhat broadly ovate, more or less ochraceous, darkly

punctate; head as long as broad between eyes, brownish

ochraceous, the central lobe and lateral margins more or less

pale ochraceous, some black punctures on each side of the

apex and base of the central lobe, lateral lobes distinctly

punctate, their apices slightly passing the apex of the central

lobe, their lateral margins a little reflexed ; antenne with

the first, second, and third joints ochraceous, fourth and

fifth black, basal joint stout, not nearly reaching apex of

head, second and third almost subequal in length, each

shorter than third or fourth, which are also subequal; pro-

notum about half as long as broad at base, slightly convex,

coarsely punctate, brownish ochraceous, the lateral margins

rounded towards eyes, reflexed and distinctly paler; scutel-

lum longer than broad at base, ochraceous, more or le:s

darkly punctate, a black foveate line at each basal angle, two

oblique pale levigate linear fascize, commencing near basal

angles, outwardly fureate near base and uniting on disk

about one-third before apex, the punctures on the apical area

more distinct and darker; corium brownish ochraceous,

fiuely, darkly punctate, membrane short, greyish; body

beneath and legs (imperfectly seen in carded typical specimen )

pale ochraceous.

Long. 54 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 34 mm.

Hab, Tasmania; Hobart (Brit. Mus.).

Differs from the preceding species, E. /eana, in the more

rounded lateral pronotal margins, &c.

Lribotes challengeri, sp. n.

Ochraceous, coarsely darkly punctate ; head about as long

472 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australusian Pentatomide. 2

as breadth between eyes, the lateral lobes distinetly longer

than the central lobe but not converging beyoud it, central

lobe margined with black punctures on each side and an

outer marginal series of black punctures to each lateral lobe,

lateral margins moderately reflexed, apices of lateral lobes

subangulate ; antennz piceous, first joint very short, second

longer than third, which is slightly thickened apically, fourth

and fifth longest and subequal in length ; pronotum about

twice as broad at base as medial length, coarsely darkly

punctate, a central longitudinal pale levigate line, the lateral

margins pale ochraceous, a little laminately reflexed ; scutel-

lum broad, about as long as broad at base, coarsely darkly

punctate, a black spot at each basal angle and a small black

spot at apex, a central pale longitudinal levigate line with

which a similar oblique line from each basal angle is fused

near middle; corium sparingly coarsely punctate; mem-

brane greyish brown, the veins darker ; head and sternum

beneath greyish brown, very coarsely punctate, sternal mar-

gin pale ochraceous ; legs and abdomen ochraceous, the latter

with a sublateral black fascia on each side, the spiracles and

some minute marginal spots black, a triangular black spot

on anal segment ; femora speckled with fuscous.

Long. 6 mm.

Hab. N. Queensland (‘ Challenger’ Exped.. Brit. Mus.).

Distinguished by the projecting apices of the lateral lobes

to the head.

Genus CEPHALOPLATYS.

Cephaloplatus, White, Tr. Ent. Soc, Lond. iii. p. 91 (1842).

Cephaloplatys, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1867, p. 506 (emend.).

Type, C. pertyi, White.

Cephaloplatys pallipes.

Cephaloplatus pallipes, Walk. Cat. Het. iii. p. 541 (1868).

This species, which was described by Walker from an un-

localized specimen, has now been received rather freely by

the British Museum from Alexandria in North Australia.

Cephaloplatys reticulatus.

Cephaloplatys reticulatus, Bergr. Proc. Roy. Soc, Victoria, vii. p. 288

(1895).

_ This species was originally described from Queensland.

Specimens now in the British Museum from W. Australia,

Violet Range, E. Murchison, also agree perfectly with

Bergroth’s description.

—

Mr. W. L. Distant on Austratasian Pentatomide. 473

Cephaloplatys darwini, sp. n.

Dull ochraceous, coarsely punctured and mottled with

brownish ; head with the lateral lobes distinctly longer than

the central, but with their apices divergent and subangulate,

apical halves of lateral margins rounded and moderately

reflexed, a long robust spine in front of eyes, sparingly

coarsely brownly punctate ; antennze with the first, second,

and third joints stramineous, fourth and fifth ochraceous,

excluding first, the joints are subequal in length, first

thickened and not nearly reaching apex of head ; pronotum

twice as broad as long, the lateral margins sinuate, anteriorly

ampliate and strongly dentate, the anterior angles produced

to beyond the middle of the eyes, lateral angles shortly

angularly produced, somewhat thickly c>arsely punctate ;

scutellum a little more finely punctate, a blackish foveate

spot at each basal angle, and three small dark marginal spots

at apex; corium sparingly finely punctate; membrane

greyish ochraceous, the veins darker and more or less

longitudinal ; connexivum ochraceous, inwardly punctate,

distinctly angulate at the posterior segmental angles ; body

beneath pale ochraceous, coarsely darkly punctate, at middle

of abdomenalmostim punctate; acentral spot to mesosternum,

two basal spots, a submarginal fascia on each side extending

to base of penultimate segment, and a central longitudinal

spot to apical segment, black; legs ochraceous, spotted with

piceous ; rostrum reaching posterior cox, its apex black.

Long. 10 mm.

Hab. N. Australia; Port Darwin (Com. Walker, Brit.

Mus.).

Collected during the voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Penguin,’

Allied to C. fasciatus, Dist., but differing in the less

produced anterior pronotal angles, which in C. fasciatus

considerably pass the anterior margins of the eyes, the long

distinct spine in front of eyes, &c.

Cephaloplatys clementi, sp. n.

Dull ochraceous, somewhat thickly darkly punctate; head

sparingly, coarsely punctate, lateral lobes longer than the

central, their apices divergent, the lateral margins ampliately

reflexed, rounded anteriorly, sinuate posteriorly, only ob-

tusely angulate in front of eyes; antenne with the first,

second, and third joints pale ochraceous, fourth and fifth

more or less infuscate, first not nearly reaching apex of head,

second and third subequal in length, each a little shorter

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 32

474. Mr. W.L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

than fourth or fifth, which are also subequal; pronotum

twice as broad at base as medially long, thickly coarsely

punctate, the lateral areas anteriorly ampliate, the anterior

angles roundly acutely produced, their apices somewhat

longly passing the anterior margins of the eyes, extreme

margins not dentate, on anterior disk an obscure transverse

pale almost impunctate line containing four small blackish

punctate spots, posterior angles subprominent, sinuate and

subangulate; scutellum somewhat sparsely darkly punctate,

a black foveate spot at each basal angle ; corium thickly and

rather more finely punctate; membrane greyish; connexivum

ochraceous, the posterior segmental angles only obscurely

angulate; body beneath ochraceous, more or less thickly

darkly punctate ; a spot at base of head beneath, a curved

submarginal line on each segment of the sternum, a central

spot to mesonotum, a sublateral fascia to anterior half

and a medial segmental series of spots to abdomen, black ;

legs ochraceous, spotted with castaneous; rostrum reaching

posterior coxze, its apex black.

Long. 11 mm.

Hab. W. Australia; Nicol Bay Distr. (Dr. Clement, Brit.

Mus.).

A broad ovate species also allied to C. fasciatus, Dist., by

the largely produced anterior pronotal angles, but differing

by the non-crenulate pronotal margins, the broader and

more laterally sinuate head, the less produced segmental

angles of the connexivum, &c.

Cephaloplatys minor, sp. un.

Castaneous brown, rugulose and punctate; anterior margin

of head, lateral margins and anterior angles of pronotum,

and basal areas of lateral margins to corium ochraceous with

brown punctures ; scutellum with a levigate ochraceous

spot in each basal angle; membrane greyish; connexivum

ochraceous with black spots; body beneath black, coxee and

legs ochraceous, coxe punctured with brownish; head

thickly punctate, the anterior and lateral marginal areas

somewhat broadly ampliately reflexed, lateral lobes mode-

rately but distinctly longer than the central, their apices

broad and rounded, lateral margins sinuate, prominent but

not spinous before eyes ; antenne with the first and second

joimts stramineous, third, fvurth, and fifth piceous, apex of

third, base and apex of fourth, and base of fifth ochraceous,

basal joint thickened and not reaching apex of head, first

and second shortest and subequal in length, third, fourth,

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomidw. 475

and fifth also subequal ; pronotum about twice as broad at

base as length, lateral margins concavely sinuate, anterior

angles spinous, not quite reaching eyes, but extending

outwardly beyond them, posterior angles subprominent and

subspinous; scutellum coarsely punctate, a broad obscure

central ridge extending from apex to middle and then

bifurcating towards each basal angle, corium thickly punc-

tate; rostrum ochraceous and reaching the posterior coxe.

Long. 7} mm.

Hab. Queensland ; Peak Downs.

Mycoo.ona, gen. nov.

Head about as long medially as breadth at base between

eyes, moderately flattened, the lateral lobes a little longer

than the central lobe, but not converging beyond it, their

lateral and apical margins reflexed, the latter sinuate; eyes

prominent; ocelli near base of head, scarcely nearer eyes

than to each other ; antenne of five joints, first not reaching

apex of head, second and third joints almost subequal in

length, each slightly shorter than fourth or fifth, which are

also subequal in length; pronotum about half as long as

breadth between pronotal angles, the lateral margins slightly

reflexed, the posterior angles subprominent; scutellum

longer than broad, a distinct black impression, longer than

broad, in each basal angle; corium a little shorter than

pronotum and scutellum together; membrane not passing

abdominal apex; rostrum with the first joint not extending

behind the buccule, its apex about reaching the posterior

cox; odoriferous aperture continued in a long slender

groove.

Type, M. atricornis, Westw.

The position of this genus is apparently near that of

Anazarchus, Stal.

Mycoolona atricornis.

Alia atricornis, Westw. in Hope Cat. i. p. 82 (1837).

? atricornis, Dist. Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. 1900, p. 818, pl. liii,

f. 8.

Hab, Tasmania (Brit. Mus.). “ Nova Hollandia” (fide

Westwood).

Two specimens of this species received from Tasmania

now afford an opportunity for generic location, the type not

being in a sufficiently perfect condition for that purpose

when I examined and figured it in 1900,

32*

476 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

THOLOSANUS.

Tholosanus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iv. p. 482 (1899).

Type, 7. proximus, Dall.

Tholosanus piceatus, sp. n.

Above pitchy black; anterior lateral margins of the

pronotum, base of lateral margins to corium, and lateral

margins to connexivum ochraceous ; body beneath and legs

ochraceous, a small black spot on the lateral areas of each

sternal segment, abdominal spiracles black ; head broad,

about as long as breadth at base, the margins somewhat

strongly reflexed, wrinkled and punctate; antennz black,

first jot more or less castaneous, not reaching apex of

head, second joint distinctly longer than the third, second,

fourth, and fifth subequal in length; pronotum thickly

finely punctate, distinctly and somewhat more palely wrinkled

on basal half, the lateral margins narrowly reflexed, the

anterior angles slightly but distinctly angularly prominent,

posterior angles. rounded; scutellum a little longer than

broad at base, thickly, finely punctate and more or less

transversely wrinkled; corium thickly finely punctate ;

membrane reaching or very slightly passing abdominal apex ;

rostrum reaching the posterior coxe, first joint not quite

reaching base of head, second extending to anterior coxe,

third about reaching intermediate coxe.

Long. 105 mm.

Hab. Tasmania; Hobart (A. M. Lea, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to 7. proximus, Dall., but with the scutellum

distinctly more attenuate posteriorly, different colour, &e.

T. proximus has also been received from Tasmania,

KALKADOONA, gen. nov.

Head about as long as breadth between eyes, moderately

deflected, distinctly broadest at base, lateral margins strongly

sinuate, the lateral lobes distinctly longer than the central

but not meeting beyond it, apically widened, anteriorly

somewhat obliquely truncate and marginally reflexed ; ocelli

near base and much nearer eyes than to each other;

antenne with the first joint almost reaching apex of head,

second longest, third a little shorter than either fourth or

fifth; pronotum deflected towards head, twice as broad

between the humeral angles as median length, the posterior

angles prominent and broadly subacute, lateral margins

concavely sinuate, anterior and posterior margins truncate,

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide, 477

anterior angles roundly subprominent; scutellum about as

long as broad at base, somewhat gibbous on basal area,

posteriorly attenuated, the apex rounded and slightly passing

the interior angles of the corium; membrane slightly

passing the abdominal apex ; rostrum moderately passing

the posterior coxz, first joint reaching base of head, second

almost reaching the intermediate coxie, third extending to

the posterior cox ; abdomen convex beneath.

I place this genus near Arniscus, Dist.

Kalkadoona centromaculata, sp. n.

Ochraceous ; head with the basal area punctate, the

lateral lobes finely wrinkled ; antennz with the first, second,

and third joints pale ochraceous, apex of third and the

whole of the fourth and fifth joints testaceous ; pronotum

distinctly punctate and more or less rugulose, between the

humeral angles a transverse series of four, sometimes in-

distinct, fuscous spots; scutellum finely wrinkled and

distinctly punctate, its apical margin narrowly testaceous ;

corium thickly finely punctate; membrane greyish; con-

nexivum with the posterior angles of the segments moderately

prominent; sternum coarsely punctate; abdomen beneath

finely, indistinctly punctate ; legs more or less finely spotted

with fusecous ; abdomen above black, thickly finely punctate,

the last two segments and the connexiyum pale ochraceous,

more or less blackly punctate ; structural characters as in

generic diagnosis.

Long. 7} mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 5 mm.

Hab, Centr. Australia; Hermannsburg (H. J. Hillier,

Brit. Mus.).

HIcvieria, gen. nov.

Body elongate; head longer than pronotum, about as

long as scutellum, longly acuminate, the lateral lobes about

twice as long as the central and meeting beyond it; ocelli

at base, nearer eyes than to each other; antenne five-

jointed, inserted beneath and a little before eyes, first joint

stout, short, equal in length to third, each a little shorter

than second, third and fourth longest, subequal in length,

third not reaching apex of head ; pronotum about twice as

broad at base as medial length, moderately depressed on its

anterior half, lateral margins concavely sinuate, the anterior

angles somewhat longly anteriorly spinous; anterior margin

strongly concave for the reception of the head, posterior

margin truncate before scutellum, the posterior angles

478 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

broad, subtrunecate; scutellum a little longer than broad at

base, attenuated and somewhat depressed posteriorly, ex-

tending for about one-fourth beyond the inner angle of the

corium; corium somewhat narrow, connexivum exposed for

half its length; membrane with longitudinal veins, some

furcate ; buccule suddenly narrowing at the base of rostrum,

apex of rostrum just passing the intermediate cox, first

joint not quite reaching base of head, second joint reaching

anterior coxe, third terminating between theanterior and inter-

mediate coxee; sternum centrally longitudinally sulcate.

A genus to be placed near the Ethiopian Acoloba, Spin.

Hillieria acuminata, sp. 0.

Greyish brown; head finely punctate, lateral margins

narrowly piceous, eyes black ; antenne with the first, second,

and third joints ochraceous, fourth and fifth testaceous red ;

pronotum with a central longitudinal impression, the basal

half thickly punctate and somewhat rugulose, the anterior

apical spines paler in hue and straightly extended to the

anterior margins of the eyes; scutellum obscurely longi-

tudinally ridged and transversely wrinkled, the lateral

margins distinctly punctate; corium thickly and more finely

punctate; membrane greyish white; body beneath and legs

ochraceous; apex of rostrum black; structural characters

as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 94 to 12 mm.

Hab. Central Australia; Hermannsburg (H. J. Hillier,

Brit. Mus.).

PsEUDALIA, gen, nov.

Body subelongate; head about as long as broad at base,

central and lateral lobes subequal in length, the latter with

their apices subacute, ocelli at base, nearer eyes than to

each other, moderately attenuated anteriorly, lateral margins

slightly sinuate in front of eyes, a little raised on basal

area, thence deflected to apex; antenniferous tubercles

outwardly shortly spined; antennz five-jointed, basal joint

short, second longer and about reaching apex of head, third

slightly shorter than second, fourth and fifth longest;

pronotum half as long as breadth at base, lateral margins

moderately obliquely sinuate, posterior angles roundly sub-

prominent, anterior margin concavely sinuate, posterior

margin truncate; scutellum distinctly longer than broad at

base, its apical third attenuated ; corium about as long as

head and pronotum together, its apical margin truncately

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomidw. 479

oblique ; connexivum exposed from about half the length of

corium ; membrane almost reaching abdominal apex, the

veins longitudinal; buccule strongly roundly elevated for

about their apical halves; rostrum reaching the posterior

cox, first joint reaching base of head, second nearly twice

as long as third and fourth together; sternum centrally

sulcate; legs of moderate length, anterior tarsi with the

second joint shortest, posterior tarsi mutilated in type ;

abdomen beneath moderately convex.

In general appearance allied to -£/ia, from which it is

altogether distinct by the subequal length of the lateral and

central lobes of the head ; allied to Lubentius by the elevated

buccule and suleated sternum, but differing among other

characters by the non-suleated abdomen beneath.

Pseudealia clementi, sp. n.

Bright ochraceous with prominent longitudinal black

fasci ; two central black fascize commencing at apex of

head, where they are fused and continued through head,

pronotum, and scutellum, on the apical area of the latter

they are attenuated and terminate a little before apex,

lateral margins of head black; pronotum with a sublateral

fascia and a short basal one between it and the two central

fascie ; extreme lateral margins of scutellum black; corium

with two broad black fascie united at base, but not on

apical margin; membrane greyish, with longitudinal black

fascie broadly covering the veins; connexivum ochraceous ;

body beneath ochraceous, with two longitudinal black fascie

on each side and a central fascia on abdomen, these fascie

are a little narrower than those above and on the head are

somewhat broken; legs ochraceous, subapical annulations

to femora, apices of tibia, and the tarsi black; above

strongly coarsely punctate, especially in the black fascie,

some of the intervening pale spaces being levigate and

impunctate ; antenne ochraceous, fourth and fitth joints

more or less infuscate ; sides of the bucculw, apical area of

head beneath, acetabula, and the anterior and posterior

margins of the sternal segments more or less strongly

punetate ; other structural characters asin generic diagnosis.

Long. 12 mm.

Hab. W. Australia; Nicol Bay Distr. (Dr. Clement, Brit.

Mus.).

Genus Seronria.

Sepontia, Stl, Hem. Afr. i. p. 183 (1865).

Type, S. misella, Stal.

480 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

Sepontia parva, sp. 0.

Head black with an ochraceous levigate spot near anterior

margin of each eye; antenne stramineous, with the apical

joint moderately infuscate ; pronotum ochraceous, thickly

darkly punctate, the anterior area black with two small

central levigate ochraceous spots, and posteriorly containing

two transverse pale punctate spots, the anterior and lateral

margins narrowly ochraceous, the latter with a small sub-

marginal spot near their middle ; scutellum ochraceous,

darkly punetate and with irregular dark mottlings; body

beneath black; lateral margins of prosternum and small

marginal spots stramineous; legs testaceous; sternum

coarsely punctate, abdomen finely, very thickly punctate.

Long. 3 mm.

Hab. Queensland ; Mackay (&. EL. Turner, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to the Oriental and Malayan S. variolosa, Walk.,

from which it differs by its narrower pronotum. In S. vario-

losa the breadth of the pronotum at base between the

humeral angles is equal to the whole length of the body; in

S. parva it is distinctly shorter.

NEOSTOLLIA, gen. nov.

Stoltia, sect. a, Stal, En. Hem. v. p. 81 (1876).

Intermediate between Sepontia and Eusarcocorvis. It

agrees with Sepontia in the large scutellum extending to

the apex of the abdomen, and the deflected head, but differs

by the character given by Stal, “frenis vix plus quam

quintam partem laterum scutelli occupantibus,” a character

which also separates it frem Eusarcocoris, as also does the

larger scutellum.

Type, N. fasciolata, Stal.

Stal enumerated his fasciolata as forming a section of —

Eusarcocoris=Stollia; it, however, seems to have stronger

affinities with Sepontia and a generic division becomes

almost a necessity.

Neostollia fasciolata.

Stollia fasciolata, Stal, En. Hem. v. p. 81 (1876).

Hab. Australia.

Neostollia bellula, sp. n.

Head longer than broad at base, strongly declivous,

black, thickly coarsely punctate, lateral margins distinctly

;

(

Anatomy and Classification of the Order Zeomorphi. 481

sinuate; antenne ochraceous, the apical joint infuscate,

first joint not reaching apex of head, second and third

subequal in length, each a little shorter than fourth or fifth ;

pronotum nearly twice as broad between humeral angles as

median length, posterior half black, thickly punctate,

anterior half testaceous, less thickly punctate, with two large

black spots near each anterior angle, behind these are two

central levigate pale ochraceous spots only separated by a

series of dark punctures, the anterior lateral margins also

pale ochraceous, posterior angles obtusely prominent ;

scutellum black or dark castaneous, thickly coarsely punctate,

with a large oblique levigate pale ochraceous spot near each

basal angle; corium coarsely punctate, the basal area dull

ochraceous, darkly punctate, the apical area blackish ; head

beneath black, its basal margin ochraceous; sternum dull

ochraceous, thickly darkly punctate, its lateral margins

paler and impunctate, posterior angles of prosternum and

sublateral margins of meso- and metasterna black or

blackish ;: abdomen beneath shining black, the lateral

margins ochraceous, somewhat thickly punctate, extreme

lateral margin with small black spot at the segmental

incisures; leg ochraceous spotted with black.

Long 5 to 54 mm,

Hab. Queensland; Mackay (R. FE. Turner, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to N. formosa, Dist., but with the basal angular

levigate spots to scutellum much smaller and much wider

apart, the levigate discal space on pronotum divided by

punctures, &c., this last character also separating it from

N. fasciolata, Stil, which is thus described: ‘‘ marginibus

lateralibus anticis, fasciolaque discoidali lwvigatus thoracis.’’

Neostollia formosa.

Sepontia formosa, Dist. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 474 (1903).

Malayan Archipelago ; Tomia.

[To be continued. }

LUL.—The Anatomy and Classification of the Teleostean

Fishes of the Order Zeomorphi. By C.'TatTe Regan, M.A,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue fishes of the order Zeomorphi are acanthopterous physo-

clists with thoracic pelvic fins and the pelvic bones directly

attached to the cleithra. They are peculiar in that the

482 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Anatomy and

spines which precede the anal form a separate fin, this

spinous anal, however, being much shorter than the spinous

dorsal and formed of only one to four spines; the caudal has

12 or 13 principal rays, of which 10 to 12 are branched ; in

addition there are 1 to 3 small simple rays above and below.

Bach pelvic fin is formed of a spine and of from 5 to 9

branched rays; this suggests relationship to the Berycoids,

and indeed the Zeomorphi appear to differ from the Beryco-

morphi only in certain features of specialization, such as the

reduction in number of the caudal rays and the absence of

an orbitosphenoid. ‘The simple post-temporal, which bridges

the posterior temporal fossa and is rigidly united to the

epiotic or parietal above and to the opisthotic or pterotic below,

has a ‘temporal’ plate firmly attached along its anterior

edge; the cleithrum runs upwards internal to the supra-

cleithrum and ends in a pointed projection just behind the

post-temporal, and there is a single post-cleithrum on each

side. The first vertebra is very firmly attached to the

cranium, the centrum to the basioccipital, and the neural arch,

which is open above, to the exoccipitals ; in the preecaudal

region the anterior neural spines are directed backwards, but

the posterior ones are erect or even point forwards; the

anterior preecaudal vertebree have no parapophyses and the

ribs are sessile, but the posterior ones are furnished with

downwardly directed parapophyses to which the ribs are

attached.

The fishes which have the above features in common may

be thus arranged :—

Family 1. Zeide.

Mouth very protractile ; no supramaxillary ; no subocular

shelf. Anterior trunk-muscles not or only just reaching the

posterior ends of the frontals, which are formed of ridged,

tuberculated, or pitted lateral portions bordering a median

depression for the reception of the long posterior processes of

the premaxillaries; occipital crest thin; suspensorium in-

clined obliquely forwards and metapterygoid reduced ; 7 or 8

branchiostegals ; 34 gills, no slit behind the last ; pseudo-

branchie present. 31 to 46 vertebre. Caudal with 13

principal rays, of which 11 are branched; 1 to 4 anal spines ;

each pelvic fin of a spine and 5 to 9 branched rays.

Recent genera are Zeus, Linn., Zenopsis, Gill, Cyttus,

Giinth., Cyttopsis, Gill, Cyttesoma, Gilchr., Neocyttus, Gilchr.,

P seudocyttus, Gilchr., Oreosoma, Cuv. & Val., Zenion, Jord.

& Everm., Capromimus, Gill, and Grammaicolepis, Poey.

Classification of the Order Zeomorphi. 483

Zeus appears to date from the Oligocene, and the name

Cytto(des has been given to an Oligocene fish of this family.

Starks has given a good account of the osteology of Zeus

(Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxi. 1898) and Shufeldt has described

the skeleton of the unique specimen of Grammicolepis

(Journ. Morph. ii. 1889). I have examined skeletons of

Zeus, Cyttus, and Neocyttus; the last two differ from Zeus

and resemble Grammicolepis in the presence of a basisphenoid,

and in the greater prominence of the supraoccipital, which

separates the parietals. In Zeus and Cyttus there are 31 or

32 vertebre and the downwardly directed parapophyses of

the posterior preecaudals unite to form closed hemal arches ;

in Neocyttus, which has 40 vertebra, the parapophyses are

somewhat divergent and only the last three pairs are bridged

across, whilst Grammicolepis, with 46 vertebra, seems to

have a like structure.

Neocyttus is very similar to Grammicolepis in cranial

osteology, and comparison of the skeleton of the former with

Shufeldt’s figures of the latter shows that the main difference

is that in Neocyttus the supraoccipital and parietals are

smaller and the frontals larger, with their rugose portions

expanded behind and nearly meeting in front of the supra-

occipital. Rather large rugose nasal bones are firmly attached

on each side to the anterior ends of the frontals and project

inwards above the premaxillary processes; it is evident that

Shufeldt has mistaken these for part of the frontals.

Family 2. Caproida.

Anterior trunk-muscles not reaching the frontals, which

are rugose ; occipital crest with the upper edge thickened and

rugose. 6 branchiostegals ; 4 gills, a slit behind the fourth ;

pseudobranchie present. 22 vertebra. Caudal fin with 12

principal rays, all or 10 of which are branched; 3 anal

spines; each pelvic fin of a spine and 5 branched rays.

Subfamily 1. Awrreorny2.

Mouth moderately protiactile; pramaxillary processes

only just reaching the frontals; maxillary broad, bearing a

large supramaxillary ; no subocular shelf. Spinous dorsal

shorter than the soft-rayed fin.

The skeleton of the single genus Antigonia, Lowe, has

been well described by Starks (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xxv.

1902), who has, however, overlooked one feature of im-

portance, viz., the firm attachment of the first vertebra to

AS4 Mr. C. 'T. Regan on the Origin and

the skull. As he gives the number of vertebre as 21 it

seems probable that in the preparation of the skeleton the

first vertebra adhered to the cranium, and was then removed

separately and perhaps lost.

Subfamily 2. Caprorvz.

Mouth extremely protractile; preemaxillary processes very

long, separating the frontals and extending back beneath the

supraoccipital; maxillary narrow, without supramaxillary ;

a broad subocular shelf. Spinous dorsal not shorter than the

soft-rayed fin.

The Miocene Proantigonia, Kramberger, is closely allied

to the recent Capros, Lacep.

LIV.—The Origin and Evolution of the Teleostean Fishes of

the Order Heterosomata. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE Heterosomata, or Flat-fishes, differ from all other fishes

in their asymmetry; both eyes are on one side, which is

coloured, whilst the eyeless side is usually white.

Disarticulated frontal bones of (A) Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)

and (B) Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). (After Traquair.)

pfa, prefrontal articulation; ¢p, interorbital process; 7, interorbital bar.

In the skull of all flat-fishes there is a bony interorbital bar

mainly formed by the interorbital portion of the frontal bone

ners

<i le

Evolution of the Order [eterosomata. 485

of the eyed side, displaced outwards and downwards ; the

frontal of the blind side is broad and may send forward a

process to share in the formation of the interorbital bar, but

the main part of this bone in the orbital region is on the wrong

side of its eye, although its relations are normal in other

respects. The last-named fact leads one to suspect the

correctness of T'raquair’s interpretation of this part of the

frontal of the blind side; which he regards as a new process

sent forwards to join the prefrontal in order to form a bar or

bridge supposed to be requisite for the stability of the

cranium.

‘Traquair’s * elaborate descriptions and figures of the crania

of several flat-fishes are most valuable, and his interpretation

is in harmony with the often repeated statement that the

migration of the eye causes or is caused by a twisting of the

whole orbital region of the skull, and has been generally

accepted ; but recent embryological work does not, in my

opinion, bear out this view. Asis well known, flat-fish larvae

have the eyes on opposite sides and swim vertically, and at an

early age one eye migrates round the top of the head to

the other side, which is thenceforth uppermost.

Williams f has studied the migration of the eye in Pleuro-

nectes americanus ; in the cartilaginous cranium there are two

supraorbital bars, precursors of the frontal bones, connecting

the lateral ethmoids with the otic capsules; preparatory to

the metamorphosis there is a rapid resorption of the part of

the supraorbital bar which lies in the path of the migrating

eye, so that this bar becomes reduced to a forwardly directed

process of the otic capsule and a backwardly directed one of

the lateral ethmoid. ‘The eye migrates between these two

projections, and so approaches the supraorbital bar of the

future eyed side ; the eyes then move to their final position,

causing a torsion of this supra-orbital bar, which also affects

the ethmoid region; after the shifting is complete, ossifi-

cation takes place.

From this account it seems that it is wrong to say that

the two eyes are on one side as the result of the twisting of

the orbital region of the skull, for the first step is a

migration of one eye into the territory of its frontal bone,

causing resorption of cartilage in the larva, and in the adult

producing the effect that the orbital part of its frontal ossifies

round it or even entirely outside it. The displacement of the

frontal of the lower eye has enlarged the area of that of the

* Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 1865, pp. 263-296, pls. xxix.-xxxii.

+ Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xl. pp. 1-57, pls. i.-v. (1902).

486 Mr, C. T. Regan on the Origin and

upper eye; but it seems wrong to speak of any part of the

latter bone as a new formation, least of all that part which

has the same position and the same relations (except to the

eye) as it would have if the skull were symmetrical.

For a long time the flat-fishes were regarded as asym-

metrical Gadoids, but in the latter the absence of spinous fin- ‘

rays, the large*number of rays in the pelvic fins, and the’”¢ 4

indirect attachment of the pelvic bones to the cleithramay be *°

regarded as primitive features, and it is probable that these

fishes have evolved from generalized Iniomi, such as the

Aulopide. In the Heterosomata, on the contrary, spinous

fin-rays are present in Psettodes, the least specialized member

of the order, the pelvic fins are never more than 6-rayed, and

the pelvic bones are directly attached to the cleithra. Peset-

todes is simply an asymmetrical Percoid ; about the first ten

dorsal rays are spinous, the caudal has 17 rays, 15 of which

are branched, and each pelvic fin is formed of a spine and 5

soft rays. ‘lhe mouth, the skull (except for its asymmetry),

the pectoral arch, and the vertebral column are all quite

Percoid.

In other Pleuronectoids all the fin-rays are articulated, and

in many of them the pelvic fins are 6-rayed, with the anterior

ray simple. Iam unable to confirm Boulenger’s statement

that an additional ray is present in Hippoglossus, and it is

clear to me that the anterior pelvic ray of this and other

genera with 6-rayed pelvic fins corresponds to the spine of

Psettodes, and that the formation of joints in response to

mechanical requirements has reconverted spines into articu-

lated rays in the dorsal and pelvic fins of the Heterosomata,

as in the case of the epaxial rays of the homocercal caudal

fin *,

Thilo f and Boulenger } consider that the Zeide are nearly

related to the Heterosomata; I cannot find any anatomical

evidence in support of this idea. I much more readily sub-

scribe to Boulenger’s view that the Upper Eocene Amphistium

is allied to the symmetrical ancestor of the flat-fishes, for in

my opinion this fish is a Percoid, which should probably be

placed in the family Scorpidide near the existing Psettus, 7

or may perhaps be related to Plataz. Thanks to the courtesy ,

of Dr. Smith Woodward, I have been able to examine the

two examples of Amphistium paradowum in the British

Museum. ‘The caudal fin has 17 principal rays, 15 of which

are branched, in addition to a few graduated rays above and

* Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) v. 1910, p. 357.

t Zool. Anz. 1902, pp. 805-320.

t Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) x. 1902, pp. 295-304.

Evolution of the Order [eterosomata. 487

below ; the pelvic fin, preserved only in the Monte Bolca

specimen, is formed of a spine and, in my opinion, 5 soft rays,

for I cannot see a greater number inserted on the pelvic bone

which lies uppermost, the outlines of which are fairly distinct.

Boulenger’s restoration shows several features of Psettodes

or Zeus rather than Psettus which I am unable to see in the

fossils ; thus he shows the lower jaw nearly as long as the

head and the preoperculum vertical and scarcely curved,

whereas the lower jaw appears to me only a little more than

half the length of the head, and the preoperculum to have a

distinct lower limb ; also the origin of the anal fin is not so

far forward in the actual fossils as it is in the restoration.

Bothus and Solea were already in existence in the Upper

Eocene, and, indeed, the whole Upper Eocene fish-fauna is

strikingly modern, so that there is no reason to regard

Amphistium as ancestral to the flat-fishes on account of its

occurrence in the Upper Eocene.

The researches of Parker * on the optic chiasma are of

great importance for the classification of the Heterosomata.

Ile found that in various symmetrical Teleosts the left nerve

crossed above the right about as frequently as the right above

the left; this was also the case in flat-fishes of the family

Soleide as recognized by Jordan and Evermann ft, whether

dextral (Solea, Achirus) or sinistral (Symphurus). From

this dimorphism of the chiasma it follows that in the Soleide

the optic nerves are partly uncrossed when the nerve of the

migrating eye is dorsal, and that they almost cross each other

twice when it is ventral. In other flat-fishes, whether dextral

(Psettichthys, Atheresthes, Parophrys, Pleuronectes, &c.) or

sinistral (Paralichthys, Platophrys, Citharichthys,&c.), Parker

found that it was always the case that the nerve of the

migrating eye was dorsal, the only exception being in the

case of reversed examples, 7. e. sinistral members of dextral

species or dextral members of sinistral species, in which that

nerve was dorsal which was normally dorsal in the genus.

In a few species of the Pacific coast of North Anierica sinistral

and dextral individuals are equally numerous ; but in a species

of a sinistral genus, such as Paralichthys californicus, the

nerve of the right eye is always dorsal, whether the individual

be sinistral or dextral; similarly, in a species of a dextral

genus, such as Platichthys stellatus, the nerve of the left eye

is dorsal. ‘This monomorphism of the optic chiasma is

obviously a specialization, which Parker considers has been

* Bull. Mus. a Zool. xl. pp. 219-242 (1903).

+ Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. pt. iii. pp. 2602-2712 (1898).

arrived at on account of its mechanical advantage, and he

draws the deductions that the Soleide are a natural group

and that they have evolved from more generalized flat-fishes

than those with a monomorphic chiasma. } .

Parker did not examine Psettodes. I find that in two

sinistral examples of this monotypical genus the right nerve

is dorsal in one, ventral in the other ; this establishes that

Dorsal views of anterior parts vf brains with cerebral hemispheres

removed, showing eyeballs, optic nerves, and optic lobes. (After

Parker).

A. Paralichthys californicus, sinistral species, with nerve of right eye

dorsal. 1, sinistral individual; 2, dextral individual.

B. Platichthys stellatus, dextral species, with nerve of left eye dorsal.

3, sinistral individual; 4, dextral individual.

the chiasma is dimorphic, and it appears to me that in all

probability the presence of sinistral and dextral individuals

in equal numbers is primitive and is of another nature from

the phenomena observed in some species of Paralichthys

and Platichthys. ;

Kyle * has written a valuable paper on the classification of

the Heterosomata, and has used some new characters without

* Rep. Fisheries Board Scotland, xviii. 1900, pp. 335-368, pls. xi.—xii.

Le eS ee ee ee.

ne on

Evolution of the Order Heterosomata. 489

quite appreciating their full importance. Ado ting Jordan

and Evermann’s two families, Pleuronectide and Soleide, he

has found that in the former the nasal organ of the blind side

has accompanied or followed the eye in its migration, and

lies nearly on the edge of the head, whereas in the latter the

nasal organs are placed symmetrically ; this confirms Parker’s

ideas as to the Soleide, and I may mention that, although in

Psettodes the nasal organs are not quite symmetrical, they are

very nearly so,

Kyle has also found that in Psettodes, the sinistral Pleuro-

nectoids, and the Soleide the olfactory laminw radiate from

Fig. 3.

Nasal organ of eyed side of (A) Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and

(B) Turbot (Bothus maximus). (After Kyle.)

ol, olfactory lamine ; ns, nasal sacs; , nasal bones,

or are arranged transversely to a median rachis, as in most

Teleosts, whereas in the dextral Pleuronectoids (except the

Soleide) the lamine are parallel and there is no rachis,

Unfortunately Kyle’s researches preceded Parker’s, which

would perhaps have given him the idea of the primary im-

portance of sinistrality and dextrality, in spite of reversed

examples, and might have led him to utilize the differences

in the structure of the pelvic fins for the definition of sub-

ordinate groups only.

The distinctness of the sinistral and dextral Pleuronecti-

formes from each other is shown not only by the structure

of the olfactory organs and the monomorphism of the optic

chiasma, but also by the eggs. ‘Those of Hippoglossus, Hip-

poglossoides, Pleuronectes, Microstomus, and G'lyptocephalus

are known to have an undivided yolk without oil-globule ;

whilst those of Paralichthys, Citharus, Platophrys, Arno-

glossus, Bothus, Lepidorhombus, Phrynorhombus, and Zeugo-

pterus are distinguished by the presence of a single oil-globule

in the yolk. ‘The egg of Solea differs again, having a number

of small oil-globules at the surface of the yolk.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Voi. vi. 33

490 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Origin and

I venture to think that it is fairly certain that from some

form not very unlike Psettodes the two groups typified by the

plaice and the sole have arisen, and that each of these has

split into two series, a sinistral and a dextral. These con-

clusions are embodied in the following classification, and ma

be expressed diagrammatically thus :—

Bothine. Rhombosoleine.

Samarine, “4

Pieuronectine. 7

Platophrine,

Paralichthine. Pleuronectidz.

j A

Bothidx.

\ Cynoglosside.

Soleidz.

Pleuronectiformes. Solasiacmen!

\ ie

Pleuronectoidea.

H Psettodid.

] ;

“i

Psettodoidea.

Heterosomata.

Percoidea.

> eee

Evolution of the Order Heterosomata. 491]

Order HETEROSOMATA.

Asymmetrical, with both eyes on one side. Body strongly

compressed, with the pracaudal region short ; dorsal and anal

fins long; caudal fin with 17 principal rays (15 branched) or

fewer ; pelvic fins 6-rayed or less, thoracic or jugular, with

the pelvic bones directly attached tothe cleithra. Air-bladder

absent in the adult. Mouth more or less protractile, bordered

above by the premaxillaries only. Parietals separated by

the supra-occipital ; interorbital bar mainly formed by the

frontal of eyed side; frontal of blind side extending to prae-

frontal external to upper eye ; no orbito-sphenoid. Pectoral

arch attached to skull by a forked post-temporal ; no meso-

coracoid. Vertebral column of solid centra coossified with

the arches; posterior precaudal vertebra with downwardly

directed parapophyses.

Suborder 1. PSETTODOIDEA.

Dorsal fin not extending forward on the head; anterior

dorsal rays spinous; each pelvic fin of a spine and 5 soft

rays. Maxillary with a well-developed supra-maxillary bone ;

palatines toothed ; urohyal normal, the lower edge scarcely

curved. Two post-cleithra on each side. Vertebra 24

(10+14). Species with sinistral and dextral individuals

equally numerous and with the optic chiasma dimorphic.

Family 1. Psettodida.

Pelvic fins nearly symmetrical in form and position, poste-

rior to the cleithra. Mouth large, with strong pointed teeth ;

jaws and dentition equally developed on both sides. Nasal

organ of blind side scarcely higher than the other; olfactory

laming arranged transversely to or radiating from a central

rachis. Preecaudal parapophyses downwardly directed and

united to form closed hzmal arches; pectoral radials well

developed.

A single species, Psettodes erumet, ranging from West

Africa to China. It has no gill-rakers, and the strongly

toothed mouth is larger than in any other flat-iish; this is

evidently a predaceous fish, which probably lies on the

bottom concealed from its prey, and then darts out, swimming

rapidly for a short distance by lateral movements of the tail.

Probably it has retained so many Percoid features because it

has not adopted progression by undulating movements of the

body and marginal fins to the same extent as other fishes of

this order.

33*

492 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Origin and

Suborder 2. PLEURONECTOIDEA.

Dorsal fin extending forward on the head at least to above

the eye; all the fin-rays articulated; each pelvic fin of 6 or

fewer rays. No supramaxillary bone; no palatine teeth ;

lower edge of urohyal deeply emarginate, so that the bone

appears forked. On each side a single post-cleithrum or none,

Vertebre never fewer than 28 (9+19).

Division 1. PLEVRONECTIFORMES.

Mouth usually terminal, with the lower jaw prominent ;

preeoperculum with free margin. Nasal organ of blind side

uear edge of head. Optic chiasma monomorphic, the nerve

of the left eye in dextral forms and that of the right eye in

sinistral forms always dorsal. A post-cleithrum; ribs present.

Family 1. Bothida.

Sinistral, except for reversed examples in certain species.

Nerve of the right eye always dorsal. Olfactory lamine

arranged transversely to, or radiating from, a central rachis.

Egg with a single oil-globule in the yolk. Pectoral radials

present.

Subfamily 1. Pararroururiw2.

Pelvic fins short-based, supported by the pelvic bones and

situated behind the cleithra, either symmetrical or with the

fin of the eyed side nearly median in position. Vertebrz

33-41 (9-12 + 24-30) ; most or all of the parapophyses in the

precaudal region downwardly directed, united or connected

by bridges to form closed hemal arches; caudal vertebre

without transverse apophyses.

Principal genera :—Tephritis, Verasper, Hippoglossina,

Lioglossina, Xystreurys, Paralichthys, Pseudorhombus, Ramu-

laria, Ancylopsetta, Notosema, Gastropsetta, Cyclopsetta,

Syacium, Azevia, Citharus, Citharichthys, Thysanopsetta,

Etropus, from tropical and temperate seas.

In most the mouth is moderately large, with the jaws and

dentition nearly equally developed on both sides; but in the

small-mouthed Htropus the jaws of the blind side are curved

ud are much more strongly toothed than those of the eyed

side.

I have examined the skeletons of Paralichthys (vertebra

10+ 24), Pseudorhombus (10+ 27), Citharichthys (11+28),

and Syacium (10+ 25).

Evolution of the Order Heterosomata, 493

Subfamily 2. Praropurrm.

Pelvic fin of blind side short-based ; pelvic fin of ocular

side elongate, extending forward to the urohyal, supported by

a cartilaginous plate placed in advance of the cleithra. Verte-

bre 37-43 (9-10+27-33) ; parapophyses in precaudal

region connected or united as in the Paralichbinke; caudal

vertebrae with well-developed transverse apophyses.

Principal genera :—Arnoglossus, Anticitharus, Chascano-

psetta, Pelecanichthys, Scaops, Engyprosopon, Laops, Mono-

lene, Trichopsetta, Platophrys, Lepidopsetta, Lophonectes,

from tropical and temperate seas.

In the small-mouthed Lops the jaws and dentition are un-

equally developed on the two sides, just as in Htropus.

I haveexamined skeletons of Arnoglossus (vertebra 10 + 33),

Platophrys (10+ 29), and Lophonectes (10+31).

Subfamily 3. Boruryx.

Both pelvic fins elongate, extending forward to the urohyal,

supported by cartilaginous plates placed in advance of the

cleithra. Vertebrae 35-41 (9-12+ 25-31); parapophyses in

precaudal region separate; caudal vertebre with well-

developed transverse apophyses. Jaws and dentition equally

developed on both sides.

Genera:—DBothus, Lepidorhombus, Zeugopterus, and Phryno-

rhombus, from the North Atlantic and Mediterranean.

I have examined skeletons of Bothus (vertebrae 11+ 25),

Lepidorhombus (9+31), Zeugopterus (9+26), and Phryno-

rhombus (10 + 26).

Family 2. Pleuronectide.

Dextral, except for reversed examples in certain species,

Nerve of the left eye always dorsal. Olfactory laminz

slightly raised, parallel, without rachis. Egg without oil-

globules.

Subfamily 1. Pxrevronecrivz.

Anterior part of dorsal fin posterior to nasal organ of blind

side ; pelvic fins short-based, supported by the pelvic bones

posterior to the cleithra, similar in form and symmetrical, or

the fin of the eyed side median. Pectoral radials present ;

hhypocoracoids narrowed forward below. Vertebree 35-65

(10-16 + 23-52); preecaudal parapophyses separate, divergent.

494 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Origin and

The principal genera may be arranged thus :—

A. Mouth large, with the jaws and dentition nearly

equally developed on both sides. Vertebra: 40-50

(10-16 + 29-37).

Hippoglossus, Atheresthes, Platysomatichthys, Hippoglos-

sotdes, Psettichthys, Eopsetta, and Liopsetta, from arctic and

northern seas.

B. Mouth small, asymmetrical, the jaws and dentition

more developed on the blind side. Vertebra 35-65

(10-14 + 23-52).

Pleuronichthys, Parophrys, Isopsetta, Limanda, Pleuro-

nectes, Platichthys, Microstomus, G'lyptocephalus, &c., from

arctic and northern seas, with Pacilopsetta, Boopsetta, and

Nematops, from the Indo-Pacific.

I have examined specimens of Jiippoglossus (vertebree

16434), Hippoglossoides (13+381), Psettichthys (10+32),

Pleuronectes (10-11+24-30), Purophrys (138+24), and

Microstomus (12 +36-37).

Subfamily 2. Samarrz.

Dorsal fin extending forward on snout either above or

below nasal organ of blind side ; pelvic fins supported by the

pelvic bones behind or below the cleithra, asymmetrical, that

of the eyed side median and somewhat advanced. Pectoral

radials present; hypocoracoids expanded. Vertebre 31

(10+21); precaudal parapophyses united to form closed

hemal arches bearing the slender ribs at their extremities.

Mouth symmetrical, with the jaws and dentition nearly

equally developed on both sides.

Genera :—Varalichthodes, Brachypleura, and Samaris, from

the Indo-Pacific.

Well distinguished externally from the Pleuronectine with

symmetrical mouth by their form, the absence of a distinct

caudal peduncle, the extension forward of the dorsal nearly

to the end of the snout, and the asymmetrically placed pelvic

fins, these three genera form a natural and well-marked group.

Paralichthodes differs from the others in that the nostrils of

the blind side appear below instead of just above the anterior

part of the dorsal fin, and Samaris is distinguished by the

more extended bases of the pelvic fins.

I have examined the skeleton in Brachypleura.

Jt wate

Evolution of the Order Heterosomata. 495

Subfamily 3. Raomnosorerva.

Dorsal fin extending forward on snout above nasal organ of

blind side ; pelvic fins formed as in the Flatophrina, that of

the eyed side median, extending forward to the urohyal,

supported by a cartilaginous plate in advance of the cleithra ;

that of the blind side small or sometimes absent. No pectoral

radials, the rays inserted on the hypercoracoid ; hypocoracoids

narrowed forward below. Vertebral column formed as in the

Pleuronectine, the pracaudal parapophyses not united,

Mouth asymmetrical ; jaws of the blind side strongly curved,

those of the eyed side toothless.

Genera :—LRhombosolea, Ammotretis, and Peltorhamphus

from Southern Australia and New Zealand, with Oncopterus

from Patagonia.

I have examined the skeleton in Rhombosolea (vertebrae

10 +21) and Peltorhamphus (9+ 27).

Division 2. Sor wz1rFORMES.

Mouth small, terminal, subterminal, or inferior, the lower

jaw never prominent ; jaws of the blind side toothed, strongly

curved, the convexity of the lower fitting the concavity of the

upper ; jaws of the eyed side not or but feebly toothed; pree-

opercular margin not free. Nasal organs symmetrical in

position; olfactory lamin arranged transversely to or

radiating from a central rachis. Optic chiasma dimorphic,

the right or the left nerve dorsal without reference to dex-

trality or sinistrality. No post-cleithrum ; no_ pectoral

radials, the rays inserted on the hypercoracoid ; hypocoracoid

reduced ; pelvic fins supported by the pelvic bones, which

are dependent from the lower extremities of the cleithra,

which do not reach the ventral profile ; pracaudal para-

pophyses united or connected by a bridge to form closed

hemal arches ; no ribs.

Family 1. Soleide.

Dextral. Caudal fin separate or not; pectorals often

present ; both pelvic fins usually developed, but that of the

blind side sometimes vestigial or absent, that of the eyed side

sometimes median, with extended base. Vertebra: 28-57

(9-10 + 19-48).

Principal genera :—Solea, Synaptura, Afsopia, Achirus,

Pardachirus, Liachirus, Gymnachirus, Apionichthys, mostly

496 Dr. F. Haas on new

from the sandy shores of tropical and temperate seas ; many

species enter rivers and some are permanently fluviatile.

I have examined skeletons of Solea (vertebrae 9-10 + 31-41),

Synaptura (9 + 41-18), Achirus (9 + 20), Pardachirus

(10427), and Liachirus (104+23). Achirus is certainly

generically distinct from Solea, but there are no structural

characters which entitle it to rank as the type of a distinet

subfamily, as in Jordan and Evermann’s classification.

Family 2. Cyncglosside.

Sinistral. Vertical fins confluent; no pectorals ; pelvic

fin of blind side present, 4-rayed, median in position, that of

eyed side displaced upwards and reduced, or entirely wanting ;

pelvic bone of the reduced or absent fin much smaller than

the other. Vertebree 47-65 (9-10 + 38-56).

Principal genera:—Symphurus, Paraplagusia, Cyno-

glossus, from tropical and temperate seas.

I have examined skeletons of Symphurus (vertebree 9+ 40),

Paraplagusia (9 +43), and Cynoglossus (9+56). The skele-

ton is strikingly similar to that cf the Soleide, and there can

be no doubt that the two families are closely related ; as in

Achirus aud other Soleid genera without pectoral fins, the

coracoid bones are absent.

LV.—New Unionide from East Asia. By Dr. F. HAAs,

Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt-a.-M.

IN preparing a continuation of Kiister’s Monograph of Unio

in the ‘ Martini-Chemnitzsches Conchyliencabinet’ I examined

a large number of shells, which, for the greater part, belonged

to the Senckenberg Museum or were purchased from

Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton, Kew, and Mr. H. Rolle, Berlin.

The Hast-Asiatic Unionide of the Zoological Museum of

Berlin were also at my disposal. Among all these shells

I found the following new species and subspecies, the types

of which, with the only exception of Nodularia undulata,

belonging to the Berlin Museum, are in the collection of the

Senckenberg Museum, and which I shall figure in my mono-

graph mentioned above.

1. Nodularia denserugata, sp. n.

Shell elongate-elliptical, rather solid and inflated, rounded

Unionide from East Asia. 497

in front, distinctly biangulate behind. Posterior ridge rather

high, rounded. Basal margin almost straight. Beaks not

prominent, situated at ,°8, of the total length, greatly eroded ;

their sculpture covers the greatest part of the disk and con-

sists of concentrical, wavy wrinkles standing very close.

Epidermis of a dull blackish grey. Hinge consisting of two

eardinals and two laterals in the left, one cardinal and one

lateral in the right valve. Cardinals rather solid, stumpy,

that of the right valve accompanied in front by a low lamellar

auxiliary tooth. Laterals nearly straight, high. Interval

short, rather smooth. Anterior cicatrices distinct, deep ;

posterior distinct and very faint. Dorsal cicatrices united to

a narrow groove situated at the inner side of the interval.

Beak-cavities rather deep. Nacre silvery.

Length 53, height 26, diam. 18 mm.

Hab. Hainan. Collected by Mr. B. Schmacker,

Four specimens in the Senckenberg Museum.

2. Nodularia continentalis, sp. n.

Shell elongate-elliptical, solid, inflated, somewhat truncated

in front and slightly arcuate behind. Posterior ridge mode-

rate, rounded. Basal margin slightly sinuate at its posterior

part. Beaks not prominent, eroded, situated at 4, of the

total length; their sculpture is not to be seen when adult, in

young shells it consists of few concentrical, slightly looped

ridges, the posterior loops running upwards across the poste-

rior slope. Hpidermis of a rather dull black. Hinge con-

sisting of two cardinals and two laterals in the left, one

cardinal and one lateral in the right valve. Cardinals solid,

stumpy, jagged on the surface, a narrow lamellar auxiliary

tooth standing in front of the one of the right valve. Laterals

long, high and curved. Interval short, broad, covered with

small denticular structures. Anterior cicatrices distinct, deep ;

posterior distinct, faint. Dorsal cicatrices united to a narrow

short groove situated at the inner side of the interval. Beak-

cavities deep. Nacre silvery, brilliant.

Length 62, height 36, diam. 25 mm.

Hab. Hunan, Middle China. Collected by Dr. O. v.

Moellendortf.

‘Two specimens in the Senckenberg Museum.

Very near to Nod. japanensis, Lea, of Japan, the first form

of this group recorded from the continent.

3. Nodularia undulata, sp. n.

Shell rhomboid-elliptical, rather thin and moderately

498 Dr. F. Ilaas on new

inflated, rounded in front and nearly vertically truncated

behind. Posterior ridge high, distinctly angulated. Basal

margin straight or slightly curved. Beaks somewhat promi-

nent, situated at 9; of the total length; their sculpture

consists of concentrical, undulated ridges, covering about one-

half of the disk, and running upwards and backwards across

the posterior slope. Epidermis of a yellowish green, shining.

Hinge consisting of two cardinals and two laterals in the left,

one cardinal and one lateral in the right valve. The cardinals

are solid, lamellated, that of the right valve accompanied in

front by a very low lamellar auxiliary tooth. Laterals long,

straight. Interval short, broad, not distinctly separated from

the cardinal teeth. Anterior cicatrices distinct, deep ; poste-

rior distinct, faint. Dorsal cicatrices united to a groove

situated at the inner side of the interval. Beak-cavities

shallow. Nacre silvery, brilliant.

Length 43, height 25, diam. 16 mm.

Hab. Pisui, Hainan. Collected by Mr. Schéde.

‘Two specimens in the Senckenberg Museum ; five speci-

mens, including the type, in the Berlin Museum.

4, Ptychorhynchus levis, sp. n.

Shell elongate-elliptical, subsolid, rather compressed,”

rounded in front, bluntly pointed behind about the middle of

the height. Posterior ridge low, rounded angulate, basal

margin regularly curved. Beaks somewhat prominent,

situated at 325 of the total length ; their sculpture is invisible

on account of erosion. Epidermis smooth, shining, of a

blackish brown, with darker lines of growth. Hinge con-

sisting of two cardinals and vestiges of two laterals in the

left, one cardinal and vestiges of one lateral in the right valve.

Cardinals high, the one of the right valve pyramidal, the

anterior one of the left valve smaller and lower than the

posterior one almost triangular. Laterals very short, low,

only indicated, interval long, narrow and smooth. Anterior

cicatrices deep, rough, that of the anterior adductor and that

of the anterior retractor confluent. Posterior cicatrices.

distinct, faint. Dorsal cicatrices united to a narrow groove

situated at the inner side of the interval. Beak-cavities

shallow. Nacre reddish, bluish at the margin, not brilliant.

Length 59, height 31, diam. 16 mm.

Liab. Saghalin Island. Collected by Admiral Keppel.

Two specimens in the Senckenberg Museum, presented by

Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton.

——

ee ee a

Unionide from East Asia. 499

5. Cristaria inangulata, sp. n.

Shell short-elliptical, nearly unwinged, rather thin and

inflated, rounded in front and behind. Posterior ridge

rounded, low. Basal margin regularly curved. Beaks not

prominent, situated at ,°9, of the total length, with low wide

ridges grouped round an apical protuberance, the first ones

doubly looped, the following ones becoming slightly undulate.

Epidermis greenish brown, shining, rayed. Hinge con-

sisting of a single, low, lamellar preumbonal, and a single,

low, nearly reduced, postumbonal claustrum in each valve.

Anterior cicatrices faint, that of the anterior adductor and

that of the anterior retractor confluent. Posterior cicatrices

confluent, faint. 2-3 dorsal cicatrices lying in a row, often

united to a groove, situated under the beaks. Beak-cavities

shallow. Nacre reddish, bluish towards the edge.

Length 99, height 50, diam. 39 mm.

flab. ‘Tonkin. Collected by Mr. Messager.

Four specimens in the Senckenberg Museum, purchased

from Mr. H. Rolle.

6. Anodontites lautus tumens, subsp. n.

A highly inflated form of A. lautus, Marts., characterized

by the strong ridges of the beak-sculpture, which, on the

upper part of the disk, become very high and nearly terrace-

shaped. ‘There exist all the intermediate stages between the

type form and this subspecies.

Hab, Yamashiro, Japan.

Three specimens in the Senckenberg Museum, presented by

Messrs. Sowerby and Fulton.

7. Cristaria discoidea sauttert, subsp. n.

Differs from typical discotdea by the strongly developed

claustra, which are double in the left valve in their pra-

umbonal as well as in their postumbonal portion.

Hab. Lake Candidins, Formosa. Collected by Mr. Sautter.

‘Three specimens with the animals preserved in alcohol and

three pairs of shells in the Senckenberg Museum.

8. Nodularia douglasie crassidens, subsp. n.

Among the typical specimens of VV. douglasia of nearly all

localities, there occur heavy inflated shells with extremely

thick and deeply jagged cardinals and strong curved laterals,

upon which I bestow the subspecific name of crassidens. I

have examined specimens from Hainan, from Hunan, and

from Ningpo, Northern China.

500 Mr. O. Thomas on

LVI.—On Mammals collected in Ceard, N.E. Brazil, by

Fréulein Dr. Snethlage. By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

I owe to the kindness of Fraulein Dr. E. Snethlage,

Director of the Goeldi Museum, Para, the opportunity of

working out a number of small mammals collected by her in

Ceara, a district as yet almost untouched by collectors.

‘Thirteen species are represented, of which two are new.

The localities where Friéulein Snethlage worked were

two:—(1) Ibu, a “ cidade” in the north of Ceara, the last

station on the Sobral railway, situated at an altitude of about

500 metres, at the foot of the Serra de Ibiapaba, which rises

immediately west of it.

(2) 8. Paulo, on the top of the Serra, at about 900 metres.

The Serra is a high sandstone plateau with a steep margin

on the Ceard side ; it is said to extend far into Piauhy.

A series of duplicates, and the types of the two new

species, have been presented to the British Museum by the

authorities of the Goeldi Museum.

1. Callithrix jsechus, L.

3. 5,185 9. 1,2, 3 Guv.), 6/7, 8; 14. Tpu,iCeam

The coloration of the nape in these marmosets is very

variable, some being grey and others whitish. The latter

? . 9 .

represent Spix’s albicollis.

2. Artibeus jamaicensis lituratus, Ll.

g. 26. §. Paulo, Serra de Ibiapaba.

3. Vampyrops lineatus, Geoff.

fg. 30,31. 8. Paulo, Serra de Ipiapaba.

3. 60, 63ge 9561, 62; Apu,

A, Hemiderma perspicillatum, L.

¢?. 56. §. Paulo, Serra de Ibiapaba.

5. Holochilus sciureus, Wagn.

g. 54. §. Paulo, Serra de [biapaba.

—

Mammals from Ceard, N.E. Brazil. 501.

6. Rhipidomys cearanus, sp. n.

?. 50. Serra de Ibiapaba.

Very like the Guianan 2. nitela, Thos., agreeing with it

in size, the general dull fawn-colour, and white belly, but

the hands are wholly brown above, and the feet are also

completely brown, except a narrow light line along the

hallucal border and on the tips of the toes. Tail less heavily

haired than in nitela, scarcely tufted at all.

Skull with the mesopterygoid fossa narrow, parallel-sided,

not broadened anteriorly, penetrating the palate as far as the

level of the front of m®; parapterygoid fosse flat, their outer

border not raised, and their floor not excavated as is the case

in FR. nitela. Molar series rather longer thani in nitela,

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 101 mm.; tail 128, hind foot 26;

eas 18.

Skull: greatest length 29°5; basilar length 22°5; nasals

9°6 ; interorbital breadth 4°8; breadth of brain-case 13°6;

palatilar length 11°4; palatal foramina 6°3 x 2°7; upper

molar series 4°9.

Type. Young adult female. Original number 50. Col-

lected 8th February, 1910.

This Lhipidomys is readily distinguished from LR, nitela

by its darker feet and the different structure of its posterior

narial region. No other species seems to be nearly related

to it.

*€ Taken in a house.”—E£. S.

7. Oryzomys subflavus, Wagn.

a. 4; 9. 21. Ipn.

a. 45, 48, 51; 2.39, 52, 57, 76, 77, 79. Serra de

Ibiapaba.

“ Rato vermellio.”—Z. S,

8. Oryzomys sp.

9.19. Apu.

O. eliurus group.

9. Zygodontomys lasiurus, Lund.

@. 15. Ipu.

3. 25, 29, 32, 35, 36, 38; %. 27, 28, 33, 34, 37. Serra

de Ibiapaba.

._ “Native name ‘ Pislina.” Very common in the maize-

fields.’—E. S.

502 On Mammals from Ceard, N.E. Brazil.

10. Kerodon spiai, Wag).

Peteo: -alpu.

g. 43; 2. 44. §. Paulo, Serra de Ibiapaba.

11. Thrichomys laurentius, Thos.

&. 18, 24 (juv.); 9. 22. Ipu.

This is the most northern locality recorded for the genus,

which extends southwards to Paraguay. ‘The typical series

of 7. laurentius was obtained by M. Robert near Pernambuco.

“ Native name ‘ Rabtido.’ Trapped among rocks.” —E, S.

12. Peramys domesticus, Wagn.

d . 105) ean. dene

S$. 53, 55, 59; 9. 41, 42, 58,65. Serra de Ibiapaba.

A wide-ranging species, specimens in the British Museum

from Paraguay, Matto Grosso, Bahia, Pernambuco, and

Ceara being practically identical.

One of the females is said by Fraulein Snethlage to have

had twelve young attached to the mamme.

“ ¢Catita.? Lives in or near houses, and one that we

caught in our work-room had made a nest of straw and paper

under the boards.” —E. S.

13. Marmosa beatriz, sp. n.

o.°12;3 95-64, G6. Apa.

A small species allied to the S. Brazilian M. méerotarsus.

Size about as in M. microtarsus, larger than in pusilla and

emilie. Fur soft and fine; ordinary hairs of back about

55 mm. in length, the longer piles about 8mm. General

colour above greyish fawn, very much as in /, marica; sides,

and especially sides of neck, more buffy. Under surface

cream-colour, fairly sharply defined, the hairs in one speci-

men creamy to the base, in two others slaty at base on the

belly, creamy throughout on the chest. Orbital rings well

defined. Ears greyish. Hands and feet dull whitish. Tail

pale grey, the hair of the body scarcely extending on to its

base.

Skull most like that of M. microtarsus, but with a slight

tendency to the development of postorbital processes; the

brain-case broader and lower; bullae smaller. Compared

with that of W. marca the whole skull is lighter, the inter-

orbital space narrower, and the brain-case flatter. Secator,

both above and below, rather shorter than the premolar next

in front of it.

On new South-Amertcan Rodents. 503

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 92 mm. ; tail 125; hind foot 16; ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 27:2; basal length 24:4; greatest

breadth 15; nasals 11%2°8; interorbital breadth 4°6;

breadth of brain-case 11°2; palatal length 14:3; combined

length of three molariform teeth 4:4; breadth across outer

corners of m? 8°5.

Type. Adult female. Original number 64. Collected

15th June, 1910.

This pretty little species has a considerable external

resemblance to the WM. marica of Merida, Venezuela, but is

probably really most nearly allied to AZ. microtarsus, from

which it differs by its paler colour and rudimentary post-

orbital processes. ‘The variation in the coloration of the

belly-hairs is unusual in this group.

* Catita pequefia.’—EZ. S,

LVIL.—Four new South- American Rodents.

By OLDFIELD ‘l'HOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Seturus (Microscturus) similis fusculus, subsp. n.

A lowland race of S. stmilis*.

All characters as in similis, except that the olivaceous tone

of the upper surface is replaced by blackish brown (darker

than “ vandyke-brown ”), the fine rings on the hairs,. buffy in

similis, reduced in prominence and tending towards tawny.

On the face and sides this alteration from buffy to tawny or

tawny ochraceous is particularly evident. Colour of chest

also rather “ tawny ochraceous ” than ‘ ochraceous,” as it is

in similis.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the fles!) :—

Head and body 126 mm.; tail 108; hind foot (s. u.) 33;

ear 13°5.

Hab. Chocé, W. Colombia. Type from Juntas, Rio San

Juan. Alt. 400’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 10.7. 16.2. Original

number 141. Collected 27th February, 1909, by Mervyn G.

Palmer. Two specimens.

* ‘Nelson, Bull. Am. Mus. N, IL. xii. p. 78 (1899).

504 Mr. O. Thomas on

This squirrel is very like the Cali S. stmzlzs, of which four

topotypes, also collected by Mr. Palmer, are in the Museum

collection. But that is a comparatively highland form

(5800’-6000’), and the specimens show a uniformly oliva-

ceous tint, recognizably distinct from the brown colour of the

coast animal.

(Heomys rea, sp. n.

A large species, with much developed supraorbital ridges.

Size equalling that of the largest known species, G. catha-

vine. General appearance very much as in that animal.

Colour above rich tawny rufous, approaching ferruginous,

considerably blackened on the posterior back, bright and

clear on the nape and flanks. Under surface dull whitish,

not very sharply defined laterally, the hairs pale slaty for

their basal two-thirds. Head like body, without darker

markings. Proectote of ear blackish. Forearms like sides;

hands brown on metacarpus, the fingers abruptly white ; hind

feet proportionally very short, brown on the metatarsus,

white along the hallucal edge and on the toes. ‘Tail well-

haired but not tufted; uniformly dark brown as usual.

Mamme 2—2=8.

Skull broadly built and remarkable for the great develop-

ment of the supraorbital ridges, which form broad ledges over

the orbits, develop marked angular postorbital projections,

and pass backwards across the parietals to the outer corners

of the interparietal. Nasals narrow. Interorbital region

concave between the ridges. Anterior plate of zygoma-root

projected forward, as in 4. catharine. Palatal foramina of

medium length.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 152 mm.; tail 158; hind foot (wet) 26;

ear (wet) 16.

Skull: greatest length 33 ; basilar length 26°3; nasals 11;

interorbital breadth 6; breadth across postorbital processes

13:5; breadth of brain-case 15°5; palatilar length 146;

palatal foramina 6-4; upper molar series 5°5.

Hab. R. Supinaam, Lower Essequibo, Demerara.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 10. 9. 29. 17. Collected by

Cozier and presented by F. V. McConnell, Esq.

This handsome species is readily distinguishable from all

others by the great development of its supraorbital ridges

and postorbital projections, which recall those found in

Tylomys and Lenomys. Its nearest relation would seem to be

the South-Brazilian GQ. catharine, which shares with it the

new South-American Rodents. 505

forward projection of the anterior zygoma- toot, otherwise not

found in Gécomys.

‘The type specimen has been presented by Mr. McConnell

to the Museum with a further consignment of mammals from

the River Supinaam, whence cime the collection of which I

gave a list in a previous number of the ‘Annals.’ Several

additional spectes are now included, of which Afyoprocta

acouchy, Coendou prehensilis, Peramys brevicaudatus, and

Ateles paniscus are particularly welcome accessions to the

Museum collections,

(comys nitedulus, sp. n.

A small species allied to @. rosilla and paricola.

Colour above quite of the same rich greyish tawny as in

@. rosilla, the rump similarly more tawny than the fore back.

Under surface white, sharply detined laterally, the hairs

white to the roots. Ears brown. Handsand fet dull buffy.

"ail uniformly brown above and below.

Skull as in CG. rosi/la, the tooth-row shorter than in

CE. paricola. 5

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 118 mm.; tail 125 ; hind toot 23.

Skull: greatest length 29; basilar length 22-3; breadth

of brain-case 13°3; palatilar iength 11°8; palatal foramina 5:2;

upper molar series 3°7.

Hab. Demerara. Type from the Lower Essequibo, 13 miles

from mouth.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 6. 4.8.31. Collected

29th March, 1906, by 8. B. Warren, and presented by

Oldfield Thomas. ‘Three otler specimens from the same

region presented by F. V. McConnell, Esq.

This species is quite like the Orinoco @. rosilla above,

but the under surface is without the marked oehraceous wash

characteristic of that animal. Q. pariela, which also has

a white belly, is duller in tone above, has black ears, and a

longer tooth-row.

Dasyprocta variegata yungarum, subsp. n.

General colour above more tawny brown than in true

variegata, the yellow rings on the hairs replaced by “ tawny ”

on the back, becoming laterally more ‘ tawny ochraceous.”

Under surface more yellowish, the whole breadth of the cliest

and the middle line of belly for a breadth of about an inch

brilliant “ orange-ochraceous,” the hairs greyish at their

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. dt

506 Mr. O. Thomas on new

extreme bases. Muzzle, ears, and nape grizzled tawny

brown, like back. Long rump-hairs black, the light ends,

when (as in the young specimen) not worn off, dull ochra-

ceous buff. Inner aspect of upper arms and thighs ochre-

yellow. Hands and feet black, with a few fine tawny

tickings.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 560 mm. ; tail 25; hind foot 127; ear 51.

Skull: greatest length 116; basilar length 90; nasals

41x 19:6; upper molar series (crowns) 17°5.

Hab. Yungas, Bolivia. Type from Chimosi, alt. 1700 m.

A younger specimen from Puente de Choculo, 1200 m.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 1. 6. 7. 63. Original number

1342. Collected 31st January, 1901, by Perry O. Simons.

Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

The Agoutis which have been named D. vartegata, D. isth-

mica, and D. colombiana appear to me to be referable to

one species only, with several geographical subspecies. In

Central America the ends of the long 1ump-hairs are broadly

yellowish, like those of the rest of the body (D. v. tsthmica) ;

then in Colombia and Ecuador the rump-hairs are more or

less white-tipped, the general body-colour being often a more

intense yellow or even ochraceous (D. v. colonbiana). ‘Then

in Peru the light tips to the 1:ump-hairs are again yellowish,

but are much narrower than in dsthmica, and are often

entirely worn off. Tschudi himself speaks of the tips as

whitish, but this is probably due to the rest of the animal

being a stronger ochraceous.

Finally, in Bolivia the representative form has a much

darker and more tawny body-colour and the under surface is

of the brilliant orange-ochraceous above described.

LVII].—New Genera of Australasian Muiide.

By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

ON attempting to arrange the Australasian Muride hitheito

referred to “ J/us”’ in genera of a more modern character, I

find that certain peripheral species stand out at once as so

different from all others as to need removal from Mus or

Epimys before any idea of the characters of the great majority

of the species can be gained. Such are

Genera of Australasian Muride. 507

Cyromys, g. n.

Size very large. Tail naked. Mamma 0—2=4.

Skull large, heavy, with well-marked postorbital processes

distinct from and below the ordinary crown-ridges, as_ in

Hyomys and Anisomys, Palatal foramina short. Molars

very much as in Lpimys.

Range. New Guinea,

Lype. Cyromys imperator (Mus imperator, Thos.). Other

species C. rev.

A full account of the peculiarities of both species and

figures of their skulls were given in 1888 * ; and from these it

may be readily seen how distinct these giant rats are from the

ordinary Lpimys. ‘They would seem to have some distant

relationship to the other large Australasian murines Hyomys

and Antsomys, though the structure of the molars is less

peculiar,

STENOMYS, g. n.

Size medium or small. Tail slender, of medium hairiness,

about as in Lpimys or rather less hairy. Feet slender, the

metatarsus somewhat lengthened. Clitoris rather long.

Mamme (of type species) 1—2=6.

Skull scarcely ridged, low, smooth, with a long narrow

muzzle. Interorbital edges square, the beads scarcely per-

ceptible. Interparietal fairly large. Palatal foramina

medium or small. Bulle rather small.

Incisors rather more flattened in front than in EZpimys,

Molars as in that genus; m? without antero-external cusp

(cusp 3).

Range. New Guinea.

Type. Stenomys verecundus (Mus verecundus, Thos. f).

Other species S. niobe (Mus nivbe, Thos.).

‘The typical species of this genus was only put with great

doubt into Mus when I first desciibed it, and | aim now con-

vinced it should not be assigned to the restricted Lpimys,

lts most distinctive characters are its slender feet and the

long smooth muzzle of its skull, which is quite unlike that of

ordinary rats.

S. niobe quite agrees in these respects with S. verecundus,

but its mammary formula is as yet unknown,

* P. Z. 8, 1888, p. 479, pl. xxii.

t+ Noy. Zool. xi. p. 598 (1004).

31%

508 Mr. L. B. Prout on

BUNOMYS, g. n.

General characters, including shape of skull, very much as

in Stenomys, but differing as follows :—

Fore claws elongated, fessorial. Clitoris extremely long,

as long as the penis of an ordinary murine. Mamme

0—2=4.

Interparietal much smaller. Palatine foramina rather

short. Second molar with a small antero-external cusp.

Upper incisors quite flat in front; lower incisors very slender,

the gnawing section of unusual length.

Range. Celebes.

Type. Bunomys celestis (Mus celestis, Thos.*).

As with Stenomys verecundus the great peculiarity and

doubtful generic position of this animal were noted in the

original description, where a full account of it will be found.

The genus is no doubt the Celebean representative of

Stenomys.

LIX.— New Neotropical Geometride.

By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S.

{Concluded from p. 440. }

Bryoptera leucophaés, sp. n.

?. 28 mm.—Face white, sparsely dotted with fuscous ;

palpus the same, dark fuscous externally ; thorax and abdo-

mev white, speckled with fuseous. Wings shining silvery

white, sparsely and irregularly sprinkled with fuscous atoms,

which are thickest at base, costa, inner-marginal half of

median area, and distally to the postmedian from near costa

to M'; the lines sharply expressed, blackish; antemedian

from one-fourth costa, curved, and with an indentation on

SC; preceded by a less distinct interrupted brown line ;

cell-spot round, moderately large, blackish ; a fine dark

median line, angled on SC, outcurved round the cell-spot,

then nearly vertical from M to inner margin; postmedian

line from costa at about two-thirds subdentate to R', in-

curved and somewhat thickened to R*, again incurved below,

reaching inner margin at just before two-thirds ; followed

by some faint irregular brown shading, and with two thick

elongate black marks between the radials just behind the

sinus ; subterminal line white, very ill-defined, some dark

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xvill. p. 248 (1896).

new Neotropical Geometride. 509

shading distally to it at costa, radials, and near inner mar-

gin; terminal spots black, rather large ; fringe concolorous,

Hind wing with the central shade proximal to cell-spot,

diffuse and approximated to postmedian at inner margin,

receding from it and becoming more slender towards costa,

obsolete beyond cell; discal spot smaller than in fore wing ;

postmedian distinct, thickened at base of K* and M’, followed

by a large roundish blotch between radials, and a second

near inner margin ; subterminal indicated only by ascarcely

interrupted series of dark spots which follows it; terminal

line less broken into spots than on fore wing, yet strongly

interrupted at the vein-ends. Underside white, both wings

with small dark cell-spot, the fore wing in addition with

traces of a postmedian line, and with a roundish, rather ill-

defined subapical cloud.

San Antonio, W, Colombia, 5800 feet, November 1907

(M. G. Palmer); one ?.

A more glossy, less rough-scaled insect than its congeners,

Melanolophia accurata, sp. n.

3. 44 mm.—Head and body concolorous with wings,

face and occiput slightly brighter brown. Shape of wings

nearly as in the group of commvtaria, Mssn., fore wing some-

what broader than in that species; brown, slightly tinged

with olive, and with scattered blackish scales, especially near

base and in distal area, on costa of fore wing, and at inner

margin of hind wing; the lines ferruginous, shaded with

ochreous; fore wing with antemedian from one-seventh

costa, very oblique outwards to cell, and somewhat dark-

ened; then nearly vertical, incurved on M and indented on

SM*; median at before two-fifths, almost obsolete ; post-

median from two-thirds costa, parallel with termen through-

out, minutely toothed on veins, the teeth accompanied by

dark dots; subterminal from five-sixths costa, nearly parallel

with termen, indicated by a series of black dots between the

veins, marginved distally by small, somewhat lunulate whitish

marks ; the dots anterior to R' moderate-sized, those between

radials large, the posterior ones minute and indistinct, grey

rather than black; discal dot small, black, distinct; terminal

dots small, black, distinct, especially anteriorly ; fringe con-

colorous with wing. Hind wing with no antemedian line,

postmedian straight, from inner margin at two-thirds to the

fold between C and SC at nearly three-fourths, here weakly

angled, but becoming almost entirely obsolete; subterminal

spots all small ; terminal dots minute and for the most part

indistinct. Underside nearly unicolorous grey-brown, weakly»

510 Mr. L. B. Prout on

dusted and strigulated with blackish, the costa of fore wing

somewhat olivaceous ; the faintest possible suggestion of a

subterminal band of a similar tone ; cell-spots and terminal

dots nearly as above.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer) ; one ¢.

Probably akin to muscitincta, Warr. Nov. Zool. xii. p. 354.

Warren, calls the whole of this group by the untenable name

of Cymatophora (Hib. Tentamen, imed.?, Packard; nec

Treitschke). The group contains canadaria, Guen , the tvpe

of Melanolophia, Hulst. In the present species SCt? of

fore wing are stalked as usual, but SC! anastomoses with C.

Melanolophia digna, sp. 0.

3g. 42-43 mm.—Face pale ochreous, with triangular dark

marks at sides and above; palpus pale ochreous at tip and

on the inner side, fuscous beneath and extericrly ; antennal

shaft fuscous. ringed with pale ochreous; legs pale ochreous,

fore and middle pairs irregularly banded with fuscous, hind

sparingly spotted with fuscous; vertex, thorax, and abdomen

concolorous with wings. Wings shaped as in the preceding

species, termen of fore wing perhaps slightly more elbowed

at R*; lavender-grey, speckled with black and very sparsely

with tawny, the veins very pale yellowish ; lines very ill-

defined, indicated by an increase of the tawny and black

scales, ‘slightly mixed with ferruginous, commencing from

dark marks on costa; antemedian at one-fifth, outhent in

cell and on submedian fold ; median well before one-half,

obsolescent, but sometimes with a distinct black spot on M

at the base of M?; postmedian from costa at two-thirds,

forming an indentation between RK! and R* and again above

and below SM?, these indentatious being filled up with black

spots ; minute black dots on the veins; subterminal at five-

sixths, indistinctly pale, preceded from costa to R' and from

inner margin to submedian fold by some small black spots,

and preceded and followed on either side of R? by strong

black marks, the distal the larger ; termen with small black

dots between the veins; fringe concolorous with wing.

Hind wing with the black dusting rather strong basally ;

antemedian line from inner margin at two-fifths, mixed with

dark grey ; postmedian at before two-thirds, slightly lunulate-

dentate, bending towards tornus from submedian folds

accompanied by some dark marks towards inner margin ;

subterminal indicated by a series of small black dots, followed

by pale scales ; its course parallel to termen until near inner

margin, where it bends towards tornus ; terminal dots as in

new Neotropical Geometride. 511

fore wing. Both wings with very small black cell-spot.

Underside more brownish grey, dark-dusted, fore wing with

the costa spotted with dark, a vague dark narrow submarginal

band, most distinct on anterior half, followed at apex by an

ill-defined whitish spot; hind wing similar, the apex not

whitencd; both wings with the cell spot.

Torné, Colombia, August 1907 ; four ¢ @.

Notwithstanding its similarity in markings to several

other species of the group (commotaria, &c.), its delicate

coloration gives this species a rather distinctive appearance.

The venation varies slightly, SC! of fore wing anasto-

mosing with C in one only of the four.

Odysia punctilineata (Warr.), ab. (?) exvtensata, nov.

9. 4) mm.—Face dark fuscous, uarrowly wood-brown at

base of antennze; palpus and fore leg dark fuscous, the

femur and tibia pale on outer side ; head and thorax wood-

brown, with fuscous speckling ; abdomen dorsally fuscous,

with anal segments pa'er. Wings elongate. Fore wing

wood-brown, darkened with numerous fine fuscous speckles

and suffused with dull blackish before the outer line, the

suffusion extending basewards along submedian fold and

outwards beyond cell; lines all very obscure aud marked

mainly by black pale-tipped dashes on veins and submedian

fold; the inner line double, oblique outwards and angled in

cell, then oblique inwards ; second line curved from costa

before middle, outer from three-fourths, approximated to

second line on inner margin; subterminal marked by dark

pale-tipped lunules ; blick marginal spots between the veins ;

beyond them the paler fringe is chequered with dark. Hind

wing with the median space darker, especially along the

outer line; all the lines blacker and plainer ; the marginal

spot between R! and R* distinctly double, as in several

species of the group. Underside uniform dull smoky fuscous,

the fringes pale.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer): one ?.

I have described this form fully and independently on

account of its different aspect, but IL believe it will prove to

be a much darkened aberration (perhaps even the normal ?

form) of Odysia (?) punctilineata, Warr. Nov. Zool. vii. p. 198

_(Stenalcidia), of which I possess the g from the same

locality. In the paucity of generic characters in the large

group (Boarmia, sens. lat.) to which this species belongs, it

may be referred to Odysia, Guen.,=IJsandria, Warr., to the

type species of which (O, molaria, Guen.,=ineffectaria,

512 Mr. L. B. Prout on

Walk.) it is evidently related. The antennal pcetinations

(9) reach a length of about 23 (in terms of the width of

shaft) and each is surmounted by a single bristle; in molaria

each bears at its extremity a pair of short, slender, divergent

bristles; in the apical third the antenna becomes merely

serrate and with the bristles, and at the extremity nearly

simple. The termen of hind wing is less strongly dentate

than in molaria. In venation and general aspect Qdysia

agrees with Stenalcidia,

Odysia accessilinea, sp, n.

9. 88 mm.—Face dark reddish brown; palpus dark

fuscous, lighter at the tip; fore leg fuscous above; head,

body, and upper surface of wings light brown, densely irro-

vated with darker, redder Broni, this colour forming a rather

conspicuous shade or band distally to the postmedian line in

both wings; the lines black. Fore wing elongate; some

dirk costal markings near base; first line from costa at one-

fourth, strongly oblique outwards fo cell-fold, thence strongly

oblique inwards to inner margin close to base; consisting

merely of spots on costa, SC, and celle fold, a dash on M at

the base of M’, and a very oblique, slightly wayed line from

submedian fold to inner margin; cell-spot minute ;_post-

median line weak, but rendered conspicuons by black dashes

on the veins, from costa at two-thirds, parallel with termen

to middle of wing, then incurved to submedian fold, where

jt closely approaches the antemedian, outangled on SM and

reaching the inner margin at scarcely beyond two-fifths ;

subterminal line whitish, strongly fuscous ‘shaded on both

sides and with the teeth accentuated distally by black dots ;

preceded by a black dash between SC* and SC’; terminal

line waved, fine, black, swollen into spots between the veins ;

fringe partly clouded with fuscous, Hind wing rather

narrow, teymen dentate, not strongly convex ; a thick basal

line in continuation of the antemedian of fore wing ; a nearly

straight antemedian from SC to inner margin; a rather

small but distinct cell-spot; a somewhat waved postmedian

parallel with and about 4 mm. removed from termen; sub-

terminal line less sharply dentate than in fore wing. Under-

side dark fuscous, the fringe paler; hind wing with paler

jrroration, the black cell-spot distinctly visible.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer) ; one 9.

Antennal pectinations quite as in O. punctilineata, ab.

extensata, to which, in shape and in the darkened underside,

tle present species makes a rather close approach. ‘The

new Neotropical Geometride., 513

form and position of the lines, however, and especially the

somewhat more strongly dentate termen of the hind wing,

point to its specific distinctness, It is not impossible that it,

too, may eventually prove to be the female to some known

* Stenalcidia.’ ‘The group containing dimidiaria, Guen.,

quisquiliaria, Guen., elongaria, Suell., and others is a difficult

one, but I have given very careful attention to it without

discovering any species to which accessilinea could possibly

be referred. The females of several are already known and

have simple antenne.

Nore.—I have two ¢ g which probably belong to this

species; the above description would apply to them, with

the following differences :—33-3 4; somewhat lighter, more

sharply marked ; fore wing with a curved dark shade pre-

ceding the antemedfan, meting it on inner margin; a fine,

slightly interrupted, dark median line, strongly outeurved

behind cell-spot, then nearly parallel with postmedian ; post-

median less sharply inbent en submedian fold, therefore less

closely approaching antem-dian ; hind wing with discal spot

nearer to antemedian than to postmedian, whereas in the

type ¢ the reverse is the case; underside much paler, that

of the fore wing lighter fuseous, with inner margin whitish

and cell-spot distinct, that of the hind wing whitish, with

costa slightly infuscated and cell-spot distinct ; antennal

pectinations rather long,

Oconeque, S.E. Peru, 7000 feet, July 1904 (G. Ockenden) ;

Torné, Colombia, August 1907 ; also in coll. Dognin from

San Antonio.

Perhaps nearest to the more sharply marked examples of

Stenalcidia elongaria (Snell.), but readily distinguished by

having the postmedian line of the hind wing further from

the termen.

Stenalcidia preparata, sp. n,

d. 32 mm.—Face fuscous above, whitish below; palpus

fuscous ; antennal shaft banded whitish and fuscous; vertex

and occiput white ; thorax aud abdomen white, marked with

fuscous. Hind tibia much dilated, the hair-pencil strongly

developed. Wings white, sparsely strigulated with brown

and fuscous. Fore wing with costa dark fuscous nearly to

antemedian line, more broadly at base; large dark fuscous

costal spots at the origin of the three lines, a larger blotch

proximally to the subterminal, a narrow costal darkening at

apex, and strong costal strigulation in the interspaces ; costal

spot at origin of antemedian line oblique outwards, reaching

into cell, the line here sharply angled, becoming very oblique

514 Mr. L. B. Prout on

inwards to inner margin near base, thickened on M and

inangled on submedian fold; median shade brown, extremely

indistinct ; cell-spot diffuse, not very intense; postmedian

line distinct, strengthened by black dashes on the veins,

from costa just before two-thirds, deeply incurved in poste-

rior half of wing, nearer to base than to termen on sub-

median fold, reaching termen at middle; an indistinct

brown shade distally to the postmedian; subterminal] line

white, thick, zigzag, crossed by clear white longitudinal

shades above and below the radials, and crossing a dark

fuscous blotch between the radials (R' to R*); terminal dots

large, black ; fringe white, chequered with brown at the

vein-ends. Hind wing similar, the inner line becoming a

large dark basal spot, the median shade a somewhat irre-

gular, diffuse, antemedian, cell-spot rather darker and more

sharply defined than in fore wing, inclining to a broadly

crescentic form. Underside whitish, the fore wing slightly

grcy-clouded in disk, weakly grey-marked on costa and with

a moderately broad fuscous marginal band which encloses

small pale patches on the margin itself from apex to R', from

R* to M?, and from M? to tornus; hiud wing with narrow

subapical dark band to R!; both wings with dark discal and

terminal spots.

Pozuzo, Peru, 800 m.

Differs from biniola, Dogn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xliv.

p- 224, in the brighter colouring, smaller discal spots, and

other details.

Stenalcidia subannulata, sp. n.

g. 34 mm.—Face dark reddish brown, narrowly pale

below; palpus fuscous ; antennal shaft pale; vertex and

occiput white marked with brown; collar brown; shoulder

white, tipped with brown; thorax and abdomen otherwise

concolorous with wings. Wings white, strongly shaded with

brown and dusted with fuscous; median area of fore wing

(especially towards costa) and base and median area of hind

wing somewhat whiter. Fore wing with the lines arising

from three equidistant black spots on costa; antemedian

from before one-third, Junulate-dentate, the teeth thickened

with black on the veins and folds, oblique inwards from

submedian fold to inner margin ; median shade distinct,

crossing the cell-spot; cell-spot rather large, somewhat

lunular, pale, with black circumscription ; postmedian line

from costa at about two-thirds, grey, marked with short

black dashes on the veins; oblique outwards to R*, then

oblique inwards to submedian fold, again outbent almost at

OO ee ee

new Neotropical Geometride. 515

a right angle, vertical below SM’, and reaching inner margin

at two-thirds ; subterminal line pale, dentate, filled in with

fuscous spots proximally ; terminal dots rather large, black

Hind wing similar, without first line ; median shade fuscous

brown, rather diffuse, placed proximally to the cell-spot,

marked with black dashes on SC aud M3; postmedian less

strongly ang'ed on submedian fold. Underside pale ; fore

wing with costa dark-spotted and with a dark marginal band,

gradually narrowing from costa to inner margin, and leaving

the apex (to R') very narrowly pale; hind wing with faint

traces of dark marginal shade at apex only ; both wings with

rounded grey discal spot, less clear than above and scarcely

pale centred.

Sapucay, 5th November, 1904 (W. Foster); one @.

Stenalcidia rotunda, sp. n.

¢. 28-30 mm.—Head, with face and palpus, thorax, legs,

and abdomen concolorous with wings ; face narrowly pale

below. Antennal pectinations moderate. Fore wing with

costa arched, apex somewhat rounded, termen roundly con-

vex, not very oblique ; whitish, thickly irrorated with dark

brow n and ‘fuscous ; costa dark-spotted, more broadly at

base ; lines fuscous, starting from thick blackish marks on

costa; autemedian thick, somewhat interr upted, strongly

bent back i in middle of cell, reaching inner margin just out-

side the fovea, which is strongly developed and dark-

margiued; median shade very strongly curved round the

cell-spot, indistinct in lower half of wing; cell-spot rounded,

moderately large, black ; postmedian line only distinct

through dark dashes on the veins, from two-thirds costa,

oblique outwards to R', parallel with termen to R*, strongly

oblique inwards to submedian fold, there strongly angled,

more weakly angled on SM?, reaching inner margin at

slightly bey ond one- half ; subterminal fae whitish, dentate,

filled in with fuscous and with black k dashes between the

veins ; termival spots black, connected with black dashes

running inwards towards the subterminal; fringe con-

colorous with wing, slightly mottled. Hind wing with a

straight diffuse antemedian shade ; ; cell-spot, postmedian (at

little beyond one-half), subterminal and terminal as in fore

wing. Underside much paler, the fore wiog pale greyish,

slightly darker distally, the costa dark spotted ; hind wing

nearly white, very weakly dusted; both wings with large

cell-spot and small terminal spots between the veins.

Sapucay (IW. Foster) in Coll. L. B. Prout, one go (type) ;

and Coll. Brit. Mus., one ¢, 4th October, 1903.

516 Mr. L. B. Prout on

Differs from normal Stenalcidia in the more rounded fore

wing. Agrees in venation (SC! of fore wing coincident, R?

central) and other points of structure.

Iridopsis albescens, sp. n.

9. 41 mm.—Head, body, and wings whitish, the wings

sparsely dusted with brown, smoothly scaled, and with some

iridescence ; the lines slender, dark grey. Fore wing with

first line from before one- third, commencing in a somewhat

diffuse dark spot on costa, outangled in cell, then oblique

iiwards to inner margin at two. sevenths; median shade

weak, from a diffuse dark spot in middle of costa, crossing

the cell-spot, and becoming more distinct at inner margin ;

cell-spot reniform, clear white, somewhat raised, surrounded

by some dark shading ; postmedian line from just beyond

two-thirds costa to about middle of inner margin, forming

a sinus between R*® and M?’, and another towards inner

margin, rather strongly elbowed just below M?; antemedian

preceded and postmedian followed by weak ferruginous-

brown shades; subterminal pale line indicated by a

shading on either side, strongest in anterior half of wing;

series of black terminal spots between the veins. Hind Sine

with rather distinct antemedian line from costa towards

middle to inner margin at about two-fifths; an elongate,

somewhat raised, clear white cell-mark, with fine dark cireum-

scription ; postmedian angled on radial fold (R?), then in-

curved, touching the posterior margin of cell-spot, followed

by we ak, diffuse, ferruginous-brown line; subterminal line

indicated by dark shading on either side. Fore wing beneath

dirty white, with dark discal spot and dark submarginal

band, which leaves the apex pure white, nearly touches the

termen from R! to R*, becomes narrow and separate from

termen to M?, and is scareely traceable beyond; hind wing

beneath dirty white, with indistinct dark apical spot.

“ Venezuela,” without more exact locality ; one ?.

Tridopsis nephotessares, sp. n.

3. 45 mm.—Coloration and general aspect of I. rupertata,

Feld.,=salmonearia, Ob., basal and median areas of fore

wing very nearly as in that species, the median shade not

appreciably double, ending in a conspicuous, strongly angled,

dark mark on inner margin, which is not distinctly ex-

pressed in rupertata ; postmedian line distinctive, strongly

oblique inwards, aud ‘thickened from above R? to lower angle

of cell, very shortly bent outwards along M’, moderately

new Neotropical Geometridae. 517

straight and less distinct (except on veins) from M' to sub-

median fold, thence incurved nearly as in rupertata; some

dark fuscous and red-brown clouding on and about R* on

either side of the postmedian ; apex scarcely paler than the

subapical patch. Hind wing with antemedian scarcely

double, the dark shade behind it being almost entirely obso-

lete ; postmedian fine and ill-detined in costal half of wing,

more distinct, and with thickened marks on the veins, in

inner-marginal half, angled on radial fold (R?) and bent

inwards below, to lower angle of cell, as in fore wing.

Underside of fore wing with the dark costal shading and

discal spot and the normal subapical patch, sometimes with

some weak dark submarginal shading from this patch to

below M'‘, and a weak curved line, darker-dotted on the veins,

from the proximal edge of the patch parallel with termen to

M’, some dark postmedian clouding about R*; underside of

hind wing unmarked, or with a dark cell-spot.

Santo Domingo, Carabaya, S.E. Peru, 6000 feet; type. I

have also seen one or two others from this locality. “Ocone-

que, S.E. Peru, 7000 feet, July 1904; a fine ¢ in Coll.

Brit. Mus. *

Iridopsis w-notata, sp. n.

gd. 36-39 mm.; ¢. 40-44 mm.—Head (with face),

thorax, and abdomen whitish, mixed with fuscous, palpus more

strongly fuscous. Wings scarcely iridescent, whitish, dusted

with coarse fuscous atoms, and in the ¢ more or less strongly

shaded with tawny brown on the veins, about the margins

(especially in the middle of inner margin of fore wing), and

beyond the postmedian of fore wing subapically, but without

the strong subapical pitch of the syrniaria group. Fore

wing with the antemedian line as in most of the genus,

slender, grey, ill-defined, preceded by an ill-defined diffuse

shade, grey inthe 9, more tawny in the ¢, both line and

shade starting from dark spots on costa, and closely approxi-

mating posteriorly ; median line usually obsolescent except

for a dark spot on costa above the cell-spot and another just

before midule of inner margin ; cell-spot large, roundish,

dark grey ; postmedian line from a dark spot on costa at

beyond two-thirds, forming a black W between SC*® and Kk?

(with its base pointing distad), terminating abruptly imme-

diately below R* and scarcely discernible in a few dark scales

beyond (which show that it follows nearly the same course as

in J. syrniaria), and a blackish comma just beyond the middle

of inner margin; subterminal pale line very indistinct, only

re.idered visible by some accumulation of the dar« atoms,

518 Mr. L. B. Prout on

particularly between R! and R*; terminal line fine but con-

tinuous, blackish, lunulate-dentate, the teeth sometimes

expanding into black spots between the veins ; fringe con-

colorous with wing, slightly dark shaded at vein-ends and

divided by a faint fuscous central line. Hind wing with

dark marks on imner margin before one-half, representing

the beginnings of nearly obsolete double antemedian line ;

an oval pale” cell-spot with dark circumscription ; a post-

median dark line, sharply angled outwards on the radial

fold (R*), thence slightly incurved to near the cell-mark—in

one specimen even touching it; a slight tawny brown shade

accompanying the postmedian. distally, especially in the g;

the pale subterminal indicated by wi ak dark shading in the

distal area; termiaal line as in fore wing. Underial white,

usually with only the same markings as in syrniaria, in the

type () also with narrow dark shading continued from the

proximal part of the subapical blotch of the fore wing as far

as M?, a distinet dark cell-spot, and suggestions of a dark

submarginal line in bind wing.

Cuenea, Ecuador, 3 ¢ g, 2 2? 2, April and May 1906

(D. G. Hum), kindly presented by Mr. F.*B. Cross; the

type (a 2) dated May 1906.

SE from all previously known species by the

W-like angulations of the postmedian line of fore wing.

Acrotomodes casta, sp. n.

g. 31-34 mm.—Face, palpus, and antenna rufous; vertex,

thorax, and abdomen bluish white, the latter with a rufous

band on the basal s°gments doisally. Fore wing very pale

bluish white, in basal and costal areas speckled abd striated

with rafous: lines rufous; inner line thick, at two-fifths,

acutely angled outwards on SC, then oblique, slightly waved

inwards ; outer line from two-thirds costa, oblique outwards

and thick to SC®, thence fine and slightly incurved to M?,

outcurved to SM?, and vertical; a diffuse rufous patch at

end of cell ; subterminai line preceded by a triangular rufous

blotch on costa and by rufous patches bey ond outer line,

mixed with black dots and a black spot on submedian fold ;

at anal angle also followed by a rufous cloud; fringe deep

rufous. Hind wing with a rufous band at base, a median

waved line, and large rufous diffused patch at apex ; coarsely

sprinkled with black scales ; fringe rufous in apical half,

bluish white below. Underside suffused with pale rufous

aud dotted with black; the fore wing terminally suffused

with red-brown including the fringe, the inner margin white,

the costal arca yellowish, at apex bluish white.

new Neotropical Geometride. 519

Chanchamavo, Peru; three ¢ ¢.

Close to A. /eprosa, Warr. Nov. Zool. xiv. p. 297, of which

it may prove a local form. The three specimens do not vary

except in size; they are much paler and more weakly marked

than Warren’s species, the outer line of fore wing less

“erenulate,”’ &c. Venation as in that species (SC! and SC?

of fore wing both free).

Acrotomodes hemiantha, sp. 0.

4. 32 mm.—Head purplish, basal segment of palpus

yellow; thorax and abdomen purplish above, yellow be-

neath ; legs in part ochreous, fore and middle tibiz and all

tarsi dull purplish. Fore wing deep slaty purple, lines finely

grey; antemedian outcurved from one-fourth of costa to

submedian fold, thence approximately vertical, incurved

between M and SM ; externally edged with darker; post-

median from two-thirds costa shortly oblique outwards,

angled on SC’, then inwardly oblique to three-fifths inner

margin, paler at costa and preceded by a dark line ; upper

end of cell and space beyond to angle of postmedian line

dull olive, showing a blackish vertical linear cell-spot, veins

SC’ and R' along it dotted with dark ; subterminal line

invisible except at costa, where it is preceded by a dark

triangular shade, the extreme apex bluish grey ; fringe dark

purplish. Hind wing concolorous, with a median dark,

pale-edged line; costal area, especially at base, dull pinkish.

Underside dull siaty purple, the base of fore wing, and the

hind wing to beyond one-half, dull deep yellow.

Pozuzo, E. Peru, 800 m., October 1907; one @.

Of closely the shape and general aspect of Acrolomodes,

and agreeing therewith in mauy points cf structure, but the

generic position somewhat uncertain. Apex of fore wing

somewhat less acute, termen less oblique posteriorly and not

at all gibbous at KR! ; SC’ longish stalked, their stalk con-

nected (by a backward-running bar) with C. In all the

other dcrotomedes which 1 have been able to examine SC! is

unconnected with C, though it varies in being either short-

stalked with SC* (syoradata) or free (/eyrosa and custa).

Gynopteryx (?) punctinotata, sp. n.

é. 38 mm.—Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs all yellow;

hind tibia with a pencil of reddish hairs. Fore wing pale

lemon-yellow, with a few red speckles ; costa streaked and

dotted with dull red-brown, especially in basal half ; inner

line shown by three red-brown dots in aslight curve, on SC,

M, and SM’, the first the largest ; outer line from costa at

520 Mr. L. B. Prout on

nearly five-sixths, incurved in lower half, followed on costa

by a triangular red-brown apical blotch, and on inner margin

by an erect oval spot reaching submedian fold, the line itself

marked by red-brown dots on the veins except R?, each dot

followed by some white scales ; a small red-brown cell-dot ;

fringe yellow (damaged). Hind wing pale yellow, with red-

brown cell-dot and postmedian curved row of vein-dots ; a

submarginal row (rather nearer to postmedian than to

termen) showing through from beneath. Underside some-

what paler, with the markings fainter; dots of outer line of

fore wing doubled ; hind wing with submarginal curved row

of red-brown dots.

Mexico, without more exact locality ; one ¢.

I have been unable to find a genus with which this species

agrees in its characters. The shape and coloration recall

Gynopteryx, though it is a somewhat more slender- looking

species; but its subcostal venation shows triple short

anastomosis (SC! with C, SC*—arising from cell—with SC?

and again with SC**) ; the discocellulars are incurved ; C of

the hind wing is closely approximated to SC to one-half of

cell; the hairs of the face are abraded, but the face itself is

not protuberant ; the antennal pectinations are short and

rather stout.

Gynoptery.x gladiaria ustimacula, subsp. n.

gd. 29-37 mm.—Agrees with typical G. gladiaria, Guen.,

in structure and in ground-colour; subapical spot of fore

wing always strongly developed, usually larger than in

typical gladiaria ; autemedian line grey, usually well ex-

pressed, sometimes thick, sometimes terminating in a round,

scorched-coloured spot on inner margin; postmedian some-

what incurved, therefore further from termen, in its lower

part, than in any but very rare aberrations of gladiaria;

ending in @ large burnt-coloured spot on inner margin ; sub-

marginal spots usually developed, though not as deeply as in

the ab. seriaria, sometimes connected into a zigzag line.

Hind wing with median line and submarginal spots or line

well ex; ressed. Underside with the markings well ex-

pressed, usually redder-tinted than in the other forms, the

postmedian curved, as above.

Chanchamayo (type and others) and Pozuzo, E. Peru, a

short series; numerous others seen.

With so variable a species as G. gladiaria this form would

scarcely have merited a separate name, but that it forms a

a definite race in E. Peru. The characteristic spot on inner

margin at end of postmedian is much larger than in even

Dm maint a i i a aridity,

new Neotropical Geometride. 521

strongly marked seriaria forms; while the rest of the spots,

which equal the inner-marginal one in size in seriaria, are

obsolete or extremely faint. I should have supposed usti-

macula to be a species, but that I have one specimen from

Peru with the spot weak, and one with it absent (i, e. ap-

proaching typical gladiaria), while, on the other hand, one

seriaria from Sapucay, Paraguay, apparently taken among

other gladiaria forms, is certainly referable to ustimacula,

and another is intermediate towards seriaria, having the

large spot of ustimacu/a with additional small spots on the line.

I therefore consider that we have here an example of the

“var.” of one locality (in Staudinger’s terminology) tending

to become the “‘ ab.” of another.

Anisoperas pectinata, sp. n.

3. 36-38 mm.—Head, thorax, and abdomen concolorous

with wings, Fore wing grey-brown, densely striated with

fuscous ; costa, especially towards the apex, paler; inner

and outer lines fuscous, conversely edged with leaden grey ;

the inner bent on SC, then vertical ; the outer bisinuate,

outwardly dentate on veins, with a small white spot beyond

it below SC; a cloudy black cell-spot; the inner third of

central fascia and a sinuous band of the same width beyond

it paler, greyer ; subterminal line dentate, indistinct, finely

marked with grey scales. Hind wing without inner line ;

outer and subterminal lines more plainly dentate, the teeth

more conspicuously followed by pale dashes on the veins ;

a pale grey band between the lines. Underside paler, with

outer and subterminal lines marked.

El Congo, Colombia, June 1907 (type) ; Torné, Colombia,

July to August 1907; three g ¢.

The insect is almost an exact replica of A. atropunctaria

(Walk.)*, except that the antenna of the ¢ is bipectinate ;

slightly more crenulate wing-margins and more dentate

outer line of hind wing may perhaps also be taken as dis-

tinctive. Tetragonodes rufata, Dogn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg.

xliv. p. 231, is probably a related species, but M. Dognin, to

whom I have shown my pectinata, says it has different colour

and scaling, the postmedian line of the hind wing more in

the middle, &e. Anisoperas jodea, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,

Lep. Het. ii. p. 532, t. 98. f. 17, is another pectinated

species of the genus.

Dasystole colopholeuca, sp. n.

g. 40 mm.—Head, thorax, and abdomen coffee-brown,

* Azelina atropunctaria, Walk. List Lep. Ins. xxvi. p. 1517.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. Vil. 35

522 Mr. L. B. Prout on

palpus more ochreous brown internally, externally blackish.

Fore wing coffee-brown dusted with blackish; lines greenish

grey, white at costa; antemedian oblique outwards from

costa, shortly angled in cell, excurved between M and SM*

and between SM? and inner margin, dentate inwards on

veins; postmedian slightly oblique outwards to SC’, nearly

vertical to R*, oblique inwards to M?®, then again nearly

vertical—slightly outbent near inner margin; above R*

marked by white dots on veins; subterminal line lunulate-

dentate, whitish, very indistinct, except from costa to R’,

where it is followed by a grey-white apical patch; marginal

dots between the veins greenish grey with black scales round

them ; cell-mark oval, black-edged, with centre of slightly

raised greenish-grey scales ; in anterior part of wing a dark

curved median shade midway between cell-spot and post-

median ; fringe brown. Hind wing paler brown along inner

and distal margins, costal half dull whitish ; a large round

black cell-spot, followed by a sinuous greenish-grey post-

median line from R*, curved and ending in a black, white-

edged spot on inner margin near tornus; marginal dots as

in fore wing; fringe brown. Underside of fore wing

shining whitish in inner-marginal half, brown thickly black-

dotted in costal ; cell-mark nearly as above; edge of post-

median line on costa and apical patch whitish; underside

of hind wing whitish, thickly black-speckled, timged with

brown in costal half; a large round black cell-spot and

black dotted postmedian line, the latter blotched with black

towards inner margin.

Torné, Colombia, July 1907; one ¢.

Meticulodes ambusta, sp. n.

dg. 49 mm.—Face, palpus, and antenna ferruginous

brown ; thorax and basal segments of abdomen blackish,

dotted with black scales; abdomen grey-brown, brighter

beneath. Fore wing with basal area ferruginous red-brown

coarsely speckled with black, vein M and part of cell above

it yellow, the other veins also more or less yellow ; median

area blurred purplish brown without the speckling ; terminal

area above M! darkiron-grey, below it brownish ferruginous ;

antemedian line black and thick, very oblique from costa,

bluntly rounded above M, and oblique inwards to one-third

of inner margin, interrupted below SC, followed in cell by a

dull ferruginous patch, bounded by a dull blackish smear on

DC ; the costal part of median area and the space immediately

following antemedian line suffused with deeper purple ;

postmedian black and fine, somewhat thicker from M1! to

new Neotropical Geometride. 523

inner margin, starting from a minute pale spot at six-sevenths

of costa, obliquely curved inwards to two-thirds of inner

margin, with a slight outward bend above SM?; the iron-

grey terminal area with a pale smear beyond postmedian

line between R® and M'; the lower ferruginous space thickly

striated with black, with an ill-defined subterminal line

edged with paler ferruginous ; fringe ferruginous above R'

and below M!, blackish grey between, cut by ferruginous at

the vein-ends. Hind wing dingy luteous grey speckled with

dull black as far as the black, yellow-edged postmedian line ;

terminal area below M!' bright ferruginous with black

striation, above M! blurred grey with a purple tinge ; inner

margin below SM® bright ferruginous with black strigze ;

fringe ferruginous. Underside of fore wing dull dark grey

above M, dull white below ; the veins brown; costal streak

ochreous striated with grey-brown ; a diffuse black blotch at

middle of termen, and two subterminal dots above it ; hind

wing dull ferruginous brown, brighter ferruginous beyond

the black postmedian line; inner margin yellow ochreous;

the whole covered with black striations, except near costa.

Torné, Colombia, August 1907; one ¢.

A very richly coloured species, evidently a rather near

relative of M. periculosaria, Ob. Et. Ent. vii. p. 27 (Azelina),

of which I have a typical series from Torné. It is dis-

tinguished, apart from the rich coloration, by the blackish

front of thorax, dark (not white) discal mark of fore wing,

more regular postmedian line of hind wing, &c,

Nephodia xanthostigma, sp. n.

9. 40 mm.—Antenna bipectinate, with moderate, rather

slender branches. Otherwise very similar to Jetala, Druce *,

but differing in having the face and vertex clearer yellow

(concolorous with the submarginal spot), and in being some-

what darker, the lines of the fore wing less distinct, closer

together—tirst line from costa at 7 mm. to inner margin at

6 mm., second from costa at 12 mm. to inner margin at

10 mm., somewhat incurved at middle; the line of hind

wing still more indistinct, and much nearer base than in

betala—crossing the middle of the wing, hence cutting the

lower arm of cell, whereas in Jetala it is considerably

posterior to the cell. The characteristic yellow spot quite

agrees with Druce’s species.

* Therina betala, Druce, Biol, Centr.-Amer., Lep. Het. ii. p. 50, tab. xly.

f. 27= Nipteria luteopunctata, Th.-Mieg, Le Nat. xxix. p. 225 (nov.

syn.).

35*

524 Mr. L. B. Prout on

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer) ; one ¢.

Druce’s betala belongs to the Nipteria section, the ¢

antenna being non-pectinate.

Nephodia (Nipteria) consequens, sp. 0.

¢. 43 mm.—F ace and palpus luteous; head, body, and

wings uniform pale brownish grey, the wings thickly irrorated

with slightly darker scales, somewhat less glossy than in

most of the genus; the lines fine, darker brownish grey.

Fore wing with antemedian from SC at one-third, slightly

outcurved in cell, then straight from base of M? to inner

margin, barely traceable between costa and SC; postmedian

from costa at nearly three-fourths, gently outcurved beyond

cell, nearly parallel with termen from R* to inner margin;

a slightly elongate cell-spot concolorous with the lines; no

dark terminal line; fringe concolorous. Hind wing slightly

less irrorated, especially in basal part, a curved postmedian

line from just before SC? at two-thirds (of wing) to imner

margin at five-sevenths. | Underside slightly paler than

upper, the lines of fore wing faintly showing through.

Antenna nearly simple, agreeing with the ? antenne of

the rest of the Nipteria section, so far as known to me.

Santo Domingo, Carabaya, 8.E. Peru, 6000 feet; one ?.

I have seen a second from the same locality.

Much paler than N. ¢iza, Dogn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xlii.

p. 348,=turpis, Warr. Nov. Zool. xi. p. 104 (nov. syn.) ; also

paler than edlopiata, Dogn. loc. cit. xlvi. p. 346, of which it

reminds in texture and scaling, but which has the post-

median line different, the underside much darker, &c.

Nephodia (Nipteria) falculata, sp. n.

2. 43 mm.—Fore wing with apex bluntly falcate, the

termen having a shallow rounded excision below it. Head,

thorax, abdomen, and upper surface of wings uniform glossy

brownish grey, as in the N. incoloraria (Guen.) group.

Under surface darker and redder, dusted with fuscous, the

fore wing with an indistinct darker marginal cloud from

about SC’* to tornus, narrowing off to a point at tornal end ;

inner marginal half of fore wing otherwise slightly paler

than costal; both wings with minute dark cell-spot, and

faint dark postmedian line, strongly dark dotted on the

veins ; that of fore wing from costa at 4 mm. before apex,

very slightly oblique inwards; that of hind wing also at

about 4 mm. from termen, nearly parallel therewith, but

new Neotropical Geometride. 525

slightly less strongly curved and consequently a little further

from termen in middle.

San Antonio, W. Colombia, 5800 feet, December 1907

(M. G. Palmer); one ¢.

Distinguished by the falcate fore wing. Belongs to the

Nipteria section, the antenna being rather shortly but thickly

ciliated.

Astyochia emphanes, sp. n.

3. 25-27 mm.—Head (with face, palpus, and antenna),

body, and legs brown-black ; tongue bright yellow. Wings

proximally white, semitransparent, distally glossy brown-

black. Fore wing with costa to SC of same colour, and

with the distal border commencing at scarcely beyond two-

fifths (well before end of cell), its proximal edge usually with

a slight projection inwards on M, but running nearly straight

in the direction of tornus to submedian fold, thence sharply

bent back to inner margin at two-thirds ; a few dark scales in

basal part of cell ; an oblique oval subapical white spot from

before R' to beyond R?*, somewhat variable in size and shape.

Hind wing with costa very narrowly blackish; the dark

distal border from before two-thirds costa to about one-half

inner margin, continuing extremely narrowly along inner

margin to base; its proximal edge vertical to SC’, then.

strongly bent back towards termen, rounded on R* at about

2 mm. from termen, thence nearly parallel with termen,

Underside the same.

La Oroya, Rio Inambari, 8.E. Peru, 3100 feet, January

1906 (type); also along series of ¢ g from the same locality,

September and November to January in Coll. L. B. Prout,

Coll. Brit. Mus., &e.

I am told that this species has been confounded with

A. dolens, Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iii. p. 301,=

negrita, Warr. Nov. Zool. vii. p. 187, from Bolivia, which is

a much darker and duller insect.

Devarodes (?) subfenestrata, sp. n.

d. 29 mm.—Face and cheeks white, vertex, palpus, and

antenna black, the latter with very short stout pectinations,

little longer than the width of shaft; thorax varied black

and white above, white beneath; abdomen dorsally black,

white-ringed, ventrally white. Fore wing black, with a large

white inner-marginal blotch reaching, on the margin, from

the fovea to about two-thirds, its upper (anterior) margin

rounded, reaching to the cell-fold. Hind wing with

inner half white, outer black, the boundary of the two

526 Mr. H. B. Preston on Mollusca from

colours gently curved, nearly parallel with termen; veins

partly blackened, especially towards base. | Underside of

fore wing with white blotch as above, in addition with a

white streak between C and SC from base to about one-

third and a small elongate white subapical blotch; of hind

wing with the dark border reduced to a narrow median bar

and diffuse streaks from this to the termen on R', R?, M},

M? and from SM? to inner margin, the interspaces remaining

white ; the dark lines on SM? and at base of C and of M

thicker than above.

Huancabamba, Cerro del Pasco, E. Peru; one ¢.

Shape and general aspect agree with such species as

charisea, Druce, &c.; but SC! are stalked instead of anas-

tomosing, their stalk connected by an extremely short bar

with C, and in the hind wing the discocellulars are strongly

oblique and SC? is very short stalked with R'. In the

group mentioned, so far as I have tested it, the g antenna

is very much more strongly bipectinate, SC’ anastomoses

(often quite strongly) with €, and SC? arises separately—

either from cell or from base of stalk of SC*°—anastomo-

sing with SC’; but variation in some of these details will

almost certainly be found.

LX. — Additions to the non-Marine Molluscan Fauna of

British and German East Africaand Lake Albert Edward.

By H. B. Preston, F.Z.8.

[Plates VII.-IX.]

Gibbulina expatriata, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

Shell small, cylindrical, with very blunt apex, scarcely

rimate, whitish ; whorls 7, flat, sculptured with fine, closely

set, transverse, arcuate striz ; sutures very lightly impressed,

slightly crenellate below by the terminations of the trans-

verse striz; columella rather broadly expanded, descending

nearly vertically, and extending into a broad, thick, white,

well-defined callus, which joins the lip above; labrum white,

thickened, reflexed, somewhat sinuous above; aperture rect-

angular; interior of shell glossy, showing the transverse

sculpture through the shell.

Alt. 9, diam. maj. 3 mm.

Aperture: alt. 2, diam. 1:5 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

a ee em. Yee

British and German East Africa, ke. 527

Ennea quadrilateralis, sp. n. (Fig. 2.)

Shell rather large, rectangularly ovate, perforate, som2-

what thin, pale yellowish ; whorls 6, sculptured with mode-

rately fine, very closely set, arcuate, transverse striz ; sutures

impressed, crenellated below by the termination of the trans-

verse striz ; umbilicus narrow, partly concealed by thie reflec-

tion ot the columella; columella white, descending in a

gentle curve and extending upwards and outwards into a thin

callus, which reaches the lip above; labrum white, reflexed

and terminating in a sinus, which forms with the parietal

wall a triangular notch ; aperture almost square, edentulate ;

interior of shell white.

Alt. 20°5, diam. maj. 17°5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 10, diam. 9°5 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Ennea gwendolina, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Shell scarcely rimate, cylindrical, yellowish white, smooth,

polished ; whorls 64, moderately convex ; sutures impressed,

narrowly margined above; columella extending above into

a thin, white, well-defined callus ; labrum white, sinuous

above, rather broadly expanded, thickened, and reflexed ;

aperture irregularly subrectangular, bearing a slightly curved

or twisted parietal lamella on the right, a large, broadly bifid

lamella on the outer lip, and a small denticle inside the basal

lip, while the columella is internally developed into a broad

shelf-like projection, ending in a thick, oblique, C-shaped

lamella at its base.

Alt. 5, diam. maj. 1:5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1, diam. *5 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Separable from L. subflavescens, Smith, from Mamboia,

German East Africa, by its much narrower and smaller form ;

it lacks the small upper lamella on the outer lip, the upper

basal denticle, and has only the oblique C-shaped lamella on

the columella, instead of the three columellar lamellz of that

species,

Ennea mariona, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

Shell pupiform, transparent, vitreous, white, smooth,

polished; whorls 6, the last finely puckered behind the

Jabrum ; sutures impressed, narrowly margined above ; colu-

mella broadened above, narrowing obliquely below; labrum

sinuous, opaque, white, rather broadly expanded, and re.

flexed ; aperture irregularly rectangular, bearing a rather

“528 Mr. H. B. Preston on Mollusca from

coarse, slightly curved, parietal lamella, a thick triangular

denticle on the outer lip, a short but well-developed lamella

immediately opposite on the columella, and below this a small

denticle at its base. ;

Alt. 4, diam. maj. 1°75 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Ennea jod, sp.n. (Fig. 5.)

Shell minute, cylindrical, whitish, transparent, polished,

smooth ; whorls 54, flat ; sutures incised, narrowly margined

below ; labrum white, not reflexed; aperture semielliptical,

armed with a rather erect parietal lamella, a large lamella on

the upper part of the labrum, below which occur four small

denticles, of which the first, or that next to the large upper

lamella, is the smallest ; the columella is also broadened out

into a shelf-like projection.

Alt. 2, diam. maj. °75 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Ennea sperabile, sp.n. (Fig. 6.)

Shell pupiform, rimate, white, smooth ; whorls 7, flat, the

last bearing a single strangulation, and transversely puckered

into five creases behind the aperture; sutures impressed ;

columella descending somewhat obliquely, outwardly ex-

panded, broadening inwardly into a lamella or fold, and ex-

tending above into a thick well-defined parietal callus ;

labrum broadly reflexed, especially at the base ; aperture

irregularly subquadrate, armed with an oblique parietal

lamella on the right side, a coarse lamella on the outer lip,

and a small basal denticle internally situate on the left.

Alt. 5°25, diam. maj. 2°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1, diam. °75 mm,

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Somewhat resembling /. varians, Smith, from Chiradzula

Mountain, but without the obtuse spire, transverse sculpture,

and small basal denticle of that species.

Ennea delicatula, sp. n. (Fig. 7.)

Shell minute, ovately cylindrical, glossy, shining, whitish ;

whorls 64, bluntly increasing to the fourth, and then again

decreasing, sculptured with rather coarse, moderately distant,

transverse costulz ; sutures impressed ; columella descending

in a slight curve; labrum white, polished, rather broadly

reflexed; aperture somewhat ovately rectangular, bearing a

British and German East Africa, ke. 529

rather large, coarse, shortly curved parietal lamella on the

right side, a very broad and coarse lamella on the outer lip,

and a very small nodulous denticle at the base of the colu-

mella, the last somewhat deeply situate within

Alt, 3, diam. maj. 15 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Ennea radius, sp.n. (Fig. 8.)

Shell rimate, ovate, with somemhat acuminate apex, —

yellowish white, moderately solid; whorls 7, the first six

rapidly increasing, the last decreasing, sculptured with some-

what distant, arcuate, transverse costule, which become

smaller, more numerous, and closely set just behind the

labrum, the last whorl strangulate; sutures impressed ;

umbilicus narrow, deep ; columellar lip erect, exserted, ex-

tending into a broad parietal callus ; labrum white, expanded,

slightly reflexed ; aperture subrectangular, bearing a single,

erect, parietal lamella, a broad and coarse binodulate projec-

tion on the outer lip, anda small but broad denticle on the

columella.

Alt. 3°25, diam. maj. 2 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Closely allied to Z. minuscula, Morl.*, from the island of

Anjouan, but rather more coarsely sculptured than that

species, which also lacks the denticle on the columella ; more-

over, the projection on the outer lip of 2. minuscula is much

smaller and not binodulate.

Martensia gwendoline, sp.n. (Fig. 9.)

Shell differing from AL. yenynsi, Pfr., its nearest ally, in its

more inflated whorls, more convex base, and in the spiral

sculpture, which is much finer in the present species,

Alt. 9°25, diam. maj. 12, diam. min. 10°75 mm,

Aperture: alt. 5°5, diam. 5 mm.

Hab. Usagara, German East Africa.

Martensia martensiana, sp.n. (Fig. 10.)

Shell perforate, turbinately discoidal, white above, varie-

gated on the base with greyish streaks and blotches, painted

on the last whorl with a reddish-chestnut peripheral band ;

whorls 6, regularly increasing, the fifth somewhat convex, the

last bluntly carinate at the periphery, sculptured with very

fine, closely set, transverse, oblique strie ; sutures impressed ;

* Journ, de Conch, 1877, p. 340, pl. xii. fig. 5.

530 Mr. H. B. Preston on Mollusca from

base of shell very indistinctly spirally striate ; perforation

very narrow; columella triangularly outwardly expanded,

descending very obliquely ; labrum simple; aperture broadly

and obliquely lunate.

Alt. 11, diam. maj. 16, diam. min. 14 mm.

Aperture: alt. 6, diam. 7 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa,

Allied to M1. pyramidea, v. Mart., but with more exserted

spire, narrower and higher aperture, and finer transverse

sculpture than has that species.

Martensia monozonata, sp.n. (Fig. 11.)

Shell perforate, turbinately depressedly discoidal, thin, pale

yellowish flesh-colour, painted with a super-sutural band of

reddish purple, which appears as a super-peripheral band on

the last whorl, ornamented below the periphery with radiate

interrupted streaks of cream-colour; whorls 54, the last

carinate at the periphery, sculptured with very fine, closely

set, silky strize; base of shell shining, very finely spirally

striate; perforation very narrow; columella descending

obliquely ; labrum acute ; aperture broadly sublunate.

Alt. 7, diam, maj. 12°25, diam. min. 10°5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 5, diam. 6 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, Biitish East Africa.

Martensia (?) shimbiense, sp.n. (Fig. 12.)

Shell broadly conoidal, thin, perforate, pale brown; whorls

54, the earlier whorls finely spirally sculptured, the later

sculptured with fine, very oblique, closely set, transverse striz,

the last whorl strongly carinate at the periphery ; base of

shell closely spirally striate; suture impressed, margined

above with a narrow ridge-like formation ; umbilicus mode-

rately narrow, very deep, partly concealed by the expansion

of the columella; columella obtusely angled; labrum acute ;

aperture broadly sublunate.

Alt. 7°5, diam. maj. 10°5, diam. min. 9°5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 4, diam. 4°25 mm.

Lab. Shimbi Hills, British Hast Africa.

Owing to the spirally sculptured apical whorls I am in

much doubt whether this species should rightly be placed in

the section Martensia.

Thapsia exasperata, sp.n. (Fig, 13.)

Shell depressed, suborbicular, rimate, thin, horny, polished,

fulvous; whorls 4, marked with lines of growth; sutures

British and German East Africa, &e. 531

impressed, faintly margined below; perforation very small ;

columella slightly curved and retlexed ; labrum simple,

arcuate ; aperture sublunate.

Alt. 3°5, diam. maj. 7, diam. min, 6 mm.

Aperture: alt. 3, diam. 3°75 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Thapsia insulsa, sp.n. (Fig. 14.)

Shell differing from 7. eaasperata in its much smaller size

aud more compact coiling, though having the same number of

whorls, rather less depressed spire, and proportionately wider

perforation, which in the present species, notwithstanding its

much smaller dimensions, is of about the same diameter as

T. exasperata.

Alt. 1:5, diam. maj. 3°25, diam. min. 2°75 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Phortion ariel, sp.n. (Fig. 15.)

Shell small, globosely turbinate, thin, horny, pale brown;

whorls 5, rather flat, sculptured with very fine and closely

set, silky, transverse and minute, spiral striz; sutures im-

pressed ; base of shell inflated ; columella reflexed, vertically

descending and forming an obtuse angle with the labrum

which is acute and arcuate ; aperture sublunate,

Alt. 4, diam. maj. 3°5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1°75, diam, 15 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

The name Phasis being preoccupied in another branch of

Zoology it becomes necessary to substitute a new name for

the molluscan genus until now bearing this appellation, of

which the type species is P. menkeana, Pfr., from the Cape

of Good Hope; I therefore propose the name Phortion tor

this group.

Rachis hieroglyphicus, sp.n. (Fig. 16.)

Shell turbinately ovate, extreme apex black, the remainder

of the shell whitish, painted on the upper whorls with two

spiral rows of squarish, dark chestnut blotches, between which

occurs a narrow, indistinct, interrupted band of a paler colonr,

the Jast whorl ornamented with numerous narrow bands of

chestnut and black, the upper of these being much interrupted,

the lower ones less so until the last which is continuous, the

spaces between the last three being occupied with black

transverse flame-markings and streaks which, together with

the spiral bands, present the appearance of hieroglyphics,

532 Mr. H. B. Preston on Mollusca from

columellar region stained with greyish brown ; whorls 6, very

minutely sculptured with indistinct spiral striz; sutures

impressed ; columellar perforation extremely narrow; colu-

mella descending almost vertically and extending above into

a very thin, scarcely perceptible, callus; labrum acute;

aperture squarely ovate ; interior of shell showing the curious

painting quite as clearly as the exterior.

Alt. 16, diam. maj. 10°75 mm.

Aperture: alt. 8, diam. 6°25 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Rachis vicinus, sp.n. (Fig. 17.)

Shell rimate, acutely conical, thin, pale straw-colour, en-

circled by three rather narrow bands of reddish purple, apex

purplish ; whorls 6, not very convex, very indistinctly and

minutely spirally striate; sutures impressed; columella

expanded over the very narrow fissure, descending nearly

vertically and diffused into a thin whitish callus which joins

the lip above; aperture very broadly, inversely auriform.

Alt. 15°75, diam. maj. 9°5, diam. min. 7 mm.

Aperture: alt. 7, diam. 3°5 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Somewhat resembling R. bengalensis, Lk., a common

East Indian form, but more conical and narrower in shape.

Buliminus (?) marguerite, sp.n. (Fig. 18.)

Shell fusiform, thin, horny, pale brown; whorls 6, regu-

larly increasing, somewhat convex, sculptured with closely

set, oblique, transverse costule, the last whorl bearing a

rather indistinct, narrow, semitransparent band at the peri-

phery ; sutures impressed and slightly crenellated by the

terminations of the transverse costule ; umbilicus narrow,

partly concealed by the reflection of the columella ; columella

descending in a slight curve; labrum thin, slightly reflexed;

aperture broadly inversely auriform ; interior of shell showing

the transverse sculpture through the test.

Alt. 10, diam. maj. 4 mm.

Aperture: alt. 3°5, diam. 2 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Buliminus (?) tribulationis, sp.n. (Fig. 19.)

Shell differing from B. (?) marguerite in its larger size

and somewhat finer sculpture, the whorls, of which there is

British and German East Africa, ke. 533

one more in the present species, are rather flatter and the

transparent peripheral band is lacking.

Alt. 12°25, diam. maj. 5 mm.

Aperture: alt. diam, 2°25 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Achatina tredalet, sp.n. (Fig. 20.)

Shell ovately fusiform, moderately solid, the earlier whorls

pink, the latter covered with a brownish periostracum, and

painted with broad, irregular, somewhat distant and occasion-

ally much broken, transverse chestnut bands and flame-

markings; whorls 7, regularly increasing, rather flattened,

decussately sculptured, the sculpture becoming obsolete to-

wards the base ; sutures impressed, crenellate and narrowly

margined below; columella bluish white, a very thin callus

joining it with the sutural region just inside the aperture,

slightly excavated, descending nearly vertically ; labrum

simple, acute; aperture rather narrowly, elongately ovate,

interior of shell bluish white.

Alt. 101, diam. 41 mm.

Aperture: alt. 48, diam, 29 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Curvella caloraphe, sp.n. (Fig. 21.)

Shell ovately fusiform, perforate, rather solid, whitish,

glossy ; whorls 5, the first four flattish and finely sculptured

with transverse, moderately closely set, arcuate striae, the

last more convex and sculptured with much more closely set,

arcuate stria; sutures impressed, broadly margined below,

especially on the last whorl; umbilicus narrow, deep, partly

concealed by the reflexion of the columella; columella white,

outwardly expanded, bulging inwardly towards the centre,

excavated below and diffused above into a thin, ill-defined,

parietal callus which reaches the upper margin of the labrum ;

Jabrum acute, slightly reflexed below, dilated in front and

then receding above; aperture inversely auriform ; interior

of shell white, showing the closely set, transverse sculpture

through the test.

Alt. 11°5, diam. maj. 6°5, diam. min. 5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 7, diam. 3 mm.

Hah, Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Differing from P. nyassana, Smith, chiefly by its wider

aperture, excavated columella, and in having the sutures

noticeably margined, which is not the case in that species.

oo4 Mr. H. B. Preston on Mollusca from

Curvella mathilde, sp. n. (Fig. 22.)

Shell fusiform, thin, transparent, yellowish white, with

blunt apex ; whorls 53, sculptured with rather fine, arcuate,

transverse growth striz ; sutures impressed, narrowly mar-

gined below; columella white, narrowly reflexed, descending

vertically ; labrum simple; aperture elongately, inversely

auriform; interior of shell having a white streak at the

base.

Alt. 11°5, diam. maj. nearly 5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 5, diam. 2 mm.

Hab. Usagara, German Hast Africa.

Curvella pertranslucens, sp.n. (Fig. 23.)

Shell fusiform, thin, transparent, whitish, horny, polished ;

whorls 6, sculptured with somewhat distant, transverse,

arcuate growth striz; sutures impressed, very narrowly

margined below; perforation almost concealed by the re-

flexion of the columella; columella very slightly bulging in

the middle, descending almost vertically; labrum acute,

receding above and below; aperture inversely auriform.

Alt. 11, diam. maj. 4°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 4°25, diam. 1°75 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Curvella shimbiense, sp. n. (Fig. 24.)

Shell darker in colour, having one whorl more, and much

more slender than C. pertranslucens, the whorls are rather

flatter and the aperture shorter and narrower than in that

species.

Alt. 10°5, diam. maj. 3°5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 3, diam. 1 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

Homorus ordinarius, sp.n. (Fig. 25.)

Shell elongately subulate, transparent brown, polished,

shining, with mammillary apical whorls; whorls 113, rather

flattened, somewhat puckered at the sutures, otherwise smooth,

but for lines of growth; sutures impressed, narrowly mar-

gined below; columella whitish, widely excavated above,

descending in an oblique curve and diffused into a thin callus

which joins the lip above; labrum simple ; aperture ovate.

Alt. 18°5, diam. maj. 3°75 mm.

Aperture: alt. 3, diam. 1°75 mm.

Hab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

British and German East Africa, &e. 53

Differing from S. nigella, Morl.*, from Angola, in its

larger size, more convex whorls, smoother texture, higher

and narrower aperture, and less curved columella.

BIOMPHALARIA, gen. n.

Shell subdiscoidal, planulate with concave spire, last whorl

very large ; umbilicus open, but shallow ; aperture gaping ;

labrum greatly receding below.

Type of genus, B. smithi, Preston.

A curious form belonging to the Limnexide and which,

judging from the shell alone, should be placed near Choanom-

phalus from Lake Baikal.

Biomphalaria smithi, sp.n. (Figs. 26, 26 A.)

Shell subdiscoidal, depressed with concave spire, somewhat

polished, whitish semitransparent in the peripheral region,

tinged with pale reddish brown above and opaquely white

below; whorls 34, lightly, but closely, marked with radiate

lines of growth; sutures rather deeply impressed ; umbilicus

wide, shallow, slightly arched over in front by the labrum ;

labrum acute, obliquely obtuse-angled near the umbilical area,

excavated and receding below, dilated in front, a rather

coarse parietal callus joining the margins ; aperture broadly

ovate; interior of shell whitish, tinged with very pale reddish

brown above, polished, shining.

Alt. 4, diam. maj. 9°5, diam. min. 7°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 5, diam. 4°5 mm.

Hab. Lake Albert Edward (J. £. S. Moore).

Type in British Museum,

Aferulus lugubris, sp. n. (Fig. 27.)

Shell depressedly conoidal, solid, covered with a dark

brown, finely laminiferous periostracum ; whorls 44, some-

what inflated ; sutures deeply impressed ; umbilicus mode-

rately wide, deep; peristome continuous, acute, slightly reflexed

above; aperture large, nearly circular; interior of shell

polished, greyish white; operculum laminiferous, slightly

concave, with central nucleus and having about a dozen

convolutions.

Alt. 21, diam. maj. 29, diam. min. 21 mm.

Aperture: alt. 14, diam. 13°75 mm.

Hah, Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

* Voy. Welwitsch, 1857, p, 80, pl. v. fig. 3.

536 On Mollusca from British East Africa, &c.

Tropidophora concinna, sp.n. (Fig. 28.)

Shell turbinately conic, flesh-colour, painted on the last

whorl with a moderately broad peripheral band of reddish

purple, above which appear several indistinct and extremely

narrow bands of a lighter colour ; whorls 4, convex, the apical

whorls smooth, the later whorls sculptured throughout with

rather closely set, revolving lire ; sutures incised, umbilicus

rather narrow, deep, partly concealed by the reflexion of the

peristome ; peristome continuous, narrowly dilated, slightly

reflexed in the umbilical region ; aperture nearly circular.

Alt. 11, diam. maj. 11, diam. min. 8°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 5°5, diam. 5 mm.

flab. Shimbi Hills, British East Africa.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Puate VIL.

Fig. 1. Gibbulina erpatriata, sp.n. Enlarged.

Fig. .2. Ennea quadriateralis, sp.n. Natural size.

Fig. 3. gwendolinee, sp.n. Enlarged, x 7.

Fig. 4. marioné, sp.n. Enlarged, x 7.

Fig. 5. jod,sp.n. Enlarged, x 7.

Fig. 6. sperabile, sp.n. Enlarged, X 7.

Fry. 7. delicatula, sp.n. Enlarged, x 7.

Fig. 8. radius, sp.n. Enlarged, x 7.

Fig. 9. Martensia ywendoline,sp.u. Enlarged.

Fig. 10. martensiand, sp.n. Enlarged.

PiLate VILL

Fig. 11. Martensia monozonata, sp.n. Enlarged.

Fig. 12. (?) shimbiense, sp.n. Enlarged.

Fig. 13. Thapsia exasperata, sp.n. Enlarged.

Fig. 14. imsulse, sp.n. Enlarged, x 7.

Fig. 15. Phortion ariel,sp.n. Enlarged.

Fig. 16. Rachis hetroglyphicus, sp.n. Enlarged.

Fig. 17. vicinus, sp.n. Enlarged.

Fig. 18. Buliminus (?) marguerite, sp.n. Enlarged.

Fig. 19. (?) tribulations, sp.n. Enlarged.

Prater IX.

Fig. 20. Achatina iredalei, sp.n. Natural size.

Fig. 21. Curvella caloraphe, sp.n. Enlarged.

Fig. 22 mathilde, sp.n. Enlarged.

Fig. 23. pertransluceus, sp.n. Enlarged.

Fig. 24. shimbiense, sp. n. Enlarged.

Fig. 25. Homorus ordinarius, sp.n. Enlarged.

Figs. 26, 26 a. Biomphalaria smithi, sp.n. Enlarged.

Fig. 27. Aferulus lugubris, sp.n. Natural size.

Fig. 23. Tropidophora coneinna, sp.n. Enlarged.

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

[EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 36. DECEMBER 1910.

LXI.—On a large Collection of Fishes made by Dr. W. J.

Ansorge in the Quanza and Bengo Rivers, Angola. By

G. A. Boutencer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue collection on which I have the pleasure to report is one

of the largest and most interesting which it has been my

privilege to work out. It consists of over 1100 specimens,

excellently preserved in spirit, and representing 52 species,

30 of which appear to be new to science.

Very little was previously known of the fish-fauna of the

rivers of Angola, and the present collection is of the greatest

importance from the point of view of geographical dis-

tribution, as it shows the affinities of these fishes to be more

with East Africa than with the Congo and Gaboon, at least

so far as the Cyprinids are concerned, several of the species

here described as new having their nearest allies in Abyssinia

and neighbouring parts’ of East Africa. The Bynni group

of Barbus, to which seven species are added, is, in the present

state of our knowledge, unrepresented in the Congo, and

very scantily in the other rivers emptying in the Atlantic.

The remarkable genus Xenopomatichthys, of which a uew

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, vi. 36

538 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Fishes

species is described, was established a few years ago for a

single species from Mozambique, the affinities of which were

regarded as uncertain, One of the new fishes is regarded

as the type of a new genus (Nematogobius).

Dr. Ansorge, who has on previous occasions added so

much to our knowledge of African Ichthyology, deserves the

highest praise for this new achievement. He has kindly

furnished me with the following particulars concerning the

manner in which the collection was made :—

“The collection was made from three rivers (the Quanza,

the Lucalla, and the Bengo), two lakes (Lake Kilunda and

Lake Rumango), and swamps produced by overflow of these

rivers during the rainy season. Some of these swamps dry

up entirely during the dry season, so that during one part

of the year natives capture fish with their creels and casting-

nets, and during another part of the year gather a harvest

of maize from the identical spot.

“An English minnow casting-net, two German fish-cord

bag-nets, three French wire-creels, and over fifteen pounds of

Portuguese dynamite cartridges were used. The usefulness

of this variety of means of capture is evident from the fact

that it was only through the casting-net that the new Syn-

gnathus was got from the Quanza and the new Gobiid from

the Bengo. Again, but for the German bag-net, left in the

river night after night, the single specimen of the rare

Marcusenius pauciradiatus (hitherto unrepresented in the

British Museum collection) would not have been secured.

Finally, only by the dynamite cartridges were captured the

new Xenopomatichthys, the new Physaiiia, the new Barbus

rhynchotus and Barbus lucius, and the new Petrocephalus

cunganus.

“The Lucalla River, though only a tributary of the Quanza,

is a very long, winding, and broad river ; its course is broken

by three separate falls and by stretches of rapids. Just

above the rapids, close to the railway station also called

‘Lucalla, the river yielded an extraordinary number of

new species both of Varicorhinus and of Barbus, also the

new Xenopomatichthys and the new Ladbeo rocadasi. Whereas

a deep quiet pool, about an hour by canoe above Kalenge,

where the River Lucalla is broad and shallow, gave the new

Odaxothrissa and five specimens of Marcusenius ansorgii.

“The Bengo River is quite distinct from the Quanza

and is much smaller; but the new Nematogobius ansorgii as

well as the single specimen of Marcusenius pauciradiatus

were only captured here. The lakes Kilunda and Rumango

are connected with the Bengo and abound with the two

Jrom the Quanza and Bengo Rivers. 539

new species of Petersius and the pretty little new Barbus

musumbi.

* Exploration of the Quanza River at Cunga, Dondo, and

Cambambe gave also valuable results. The Cichlid perches

Tilapia flavomarginata and Tilapia cabre are very delicious

eating ; they are plentiful at Cunga and form a highly

appreciated commercial commodity, both fresh and sun-

dried, under the local names of ‘shopa’ and ‘ cacusso.’

The single specimen of the new Petrecephalus cunganus as

well as the single specimen of the large red-brown Lutjanus

eutactus were captured at Cunga. The casting-net secured at

Dondo the single specimen of the new Syngnathus, the two

tiny specimens of //aplochilus macrurus, and quite a number

of the new Barilius. Cambambe is a mountainous region

where the River Quanza forms rapids; below these rapids

the new Physailia and the two new species of Chrysichthys

were obtained by using dynamite.

“Tn recognition of the kind assistance given by His

Excellency Lieut.-Colonel José Augusto Rocadas (Governor-

General of Angola) and by Senhor Manoel Francisco da

Costa Serio (Director of the Companhia de Camino de Ferro

Atravers Africa), three of the new species have been named

Labeo rocadasi, Barbus rocadasi, and Chrysichthys seraoi

respectively. Similarly, Barbus rose has been named in

honour of the Vicar Padre Anastacio Luis Rosa for helpful

courtesy during a seven years’ friendship.”

Mormyridz. .

1. Petrocephalus simus, Sauv.

Quanza River at Cunga and Lucalla River at Kalenge.

Native name: Dilele.

2. Petrocephalus cunganus, sp. 0.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 34 times in total

length. Head slightly longer than deep, with convex upper

profile ; snout rounded, strongly projecting beyond mouth,

1 length of head; mouth below anterior border of eye, its

width + length of head ; teeth bicuspid, 11 in upper jaw,

24 in lower; nostrils near lower border of eye; eye } length

of head, 2 interorbital width. Dorsal 27, originating above

first ray of anal; its length 14 times in its distance from

head and a little greater than its distance from caudal. Anal

36*

540 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Fishes

32, equally distant from base of ventral and from base of

caudal. Pectoral pointed, 3 length of head, not quite twice

as long as ventral, extending beyond base of latter. Caudal

scaled at the base, upper lobe pointed, lower rounded.

Caudal peduncle 3 times as long as deep, } length of head.

A7 scales in the lateral line, 4 in transverse series on body,

‘° in transverse series between dorsal and anal, 12 round

caudal peduncle. Brown above, silvery beneath; fins

brownish.

Total length 110 mm.

A single specimen from the Quanza River at Cunga.

Near P. simus, Sauv., but agreeing with P. degeni in the

anal not originating in front of the dorsal, and in the more

elongate body.

3. Marcusenius ansorgii, Blgr.

Quanza River at Dondo, Lucalla River at Kalenge and

Lucalla,

This species, originally described from half-grown speci-

mens, attains a length of 190 millim.

4. Marcusenius pappenheimi, sp. un.

Depth of body 8% to 4 times in total length, length of

head 4: to 43 times. Head slightly longer than deep; snout

rounded, 3 length of head, slightly projecting beyond mouth ;

mouth small, subinferior, its width } to } length of head ;

teeth notched, 5-7 in upper jaw, 6-8 in lower ; posterior

nostril a little below level of centre of eye; eye about 2

length of snout and 4% interorbital width. Dorsal 20-22,

its length about 4 its distance from head, originating above

4th to 6th ray of anal. Anal 25-28, a little longer than

dorsal, nearly equally distaut from base of ventral and from

base of caudal. Pectoral pointed, ? to # length of head,

reaching base of ventral. Caudal densely scaled in the

basal half, with obtusely pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle

3 to 34 times as long as deep, as long as head. 71-80

scales in lateral line, 5-4) in transverse series on body, (75

in transverse series between dorsal and anal, 12-14 round

caudal peduncle. Brown; a more or less indistinct dark

vertical bar between anterior part of dorsal and anal.

Total length 80 to 180 mm.

Numerous specimens from the Quanza River at Cunga.

This species, allied to M. marchii, Sauv., kingsleye, Gthr.,

Jrom the Quanza and Bengo Rivers. SAL

and sphecodes, Sauv., is dedicated to Dr. P. Pappenheim,

of the Berlin Museum, who has contributed to our

knowledge of the Mormyrids.

5. Marcusenius pauciradiatus, Stdr.

A single specimen, 190 mm. long, from the Bengo River

at Cabiri.

Native name: Libi.

Clupeida.

6. Pellonula voraax, Gthr.

Quanza River at Cambambe and Dondo; Bengo River

at Cabiri.

7. Odaxothrissa ansorgii, sp. 0.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 3 to 3} times in

total length. Snout as long as eye, which is 3 or 3} times

in length of head and exceeds interorbital width; chin

strongly projecting ; maxillary extending to below centre

of eye. Gill-rakers moderately elongate, 23-25 on lower

part of anterior arch, Dorsal 15-16, originating immedi-

ately behind vertical of base of ventral, at equal distance

from end of snout or anterior border of eye and from caudal.

Anal 17-19. Pectoral % length of head, not reaching

ventral. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal

peduncle as long as deep. 40-45 scales in longitudinal

series, 16-17 in transverse series; 15-16 keeled scutes

between isthmus and ventrals, 10-12 between ventrals and

anal, Upper half, with dorsal and base of caudal pale olive-

green in life, lower half and other fins white ; a broad silvery

band along each side.

Total length 160 mm.

Several specimens. Quanza Riverat Cambambe ; Lucalla

River at Kalenge ; Bengo River at Cabiri.

Native name: Mabemba.

Well distinguished from the type of the genus by the

smaller number of rays in the aval fin (17-19 instead of

21-22) and of scutes in the abdominal serrature (15-16 +

10-12 instead of 17-18 + 9-10).

542 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Fishes

Kneriide.

8. Xenopomatichthys ansorgi, sp. 0.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 53 times in total

length. Snout rounded, nearly as long as eye, which is

perfectly lateral, visible from below as well as from above,

31 times in length of head and 15 times in interorbital

width; width of mouth equal to diameter of eye; sides and

lower surface of head with conical horny tubercles; cup-

shaped apparatus on operculum much larger than eye,

followed, on the scapular region, by a large lamellar pad

(18 or 19 lamelle). Dorsal II 7, originating at equal

distance from eye and from root of caudal, well behind

vertical of base of ventral. Anal Il] 8-9: Pectoral shorter

than head. Caudal deeply notched, crescentic. Caudal

peduncle half as deep as long*. Scales longitudinally

striated, 110-120 in lateral line, 16-18 between dorsal and

lateral line, 10-11 between lateral line and ventral. Pale

brownish above, yellowish beneath, with scattered dark

brown dots and a series of round blackish spots, connected

by a dark brown lateral band, just above the lateral line ;

fins uniform whitish.

Total length 67 mm.

Two specimens from the Lucalla River at Lucalla.

This fish, one of the most interesting of Dr. Ansorge’s

discoveries in Angola, shows Xenopomatichihys to be un-

questionably related to Kneria. X. ansorgii is easily dis-

tinguished from X. auriculatus, Pellegrin, by the longer body,

the number of branched rays in the dorsal (7 instead of 8)

and anal (8-9 instead of 6-7), and the number of scales in

the lateral line (110-120 instead of 60-65).

Characinide.

9. Alestes ansorgit, sp. n.

Depth of body 3? to 43 times in total length, length of

head 44 to 5 times. Head 13 to 24 times as long as broad,

11 to 14 times as long as deep; snout as long as or shorter

than eye, which is lateral and 23 (young) to 8} times in

* Tn the description of X. auriculatus in Brit. Mus. Cat. Afr, Fish. i.

p- 172, “ Caudal peduncle half as long as deep” is a lapsus calami, and

should be corrected to “ Caudal peduncle half as deep as long.”

Jrom the Quanza and Bengo Rivers. 543

length of head ; adipose eyelid well developed ; interorbital

region convex, its width 2% to 3 times in length of head;

maxillary not extending to below anterior border of eye ;

14 (8) teeth in upper jaw, 10 (5) in lower ; lower border of

second suborbital as long as eye. Gill-rakers long and

slender, 15 to 18 on lower part of anteriorarch. Dorsal I18,

originating above ventral, at equal distance from end of snout

and from caudal, longest ray + to once length of head.

Anal III 17-18. Pectoral ? to once length of head, not

reaching ventral. Caudal forked, with long pointed lobes.

Caudal peduncle 14 to 1} times as long as deep. Scales

37-40 "14 between lateral line and ventral. Steel-blue

on the back, silvery-white on the sides and below; fins

greyish, ventrals, anal, and caudal yellow or orange at the

base ; pectoral and ventral often with a large black or blackish

blotch.

Numerous specimens, 85 to 270 mm. long, from the

Quanza River at Cunga and Dondo, and from the Lucalla

River at Lucalla.

Native name: Kitete.

Very closely allied to A. macrophthalmus, Gthr.; dis-

tinguished by larger scales (37-40 + 14, instead of 39-45

63-8} 2).

3}?

10. Petersius ansorgii, sp. n.

Depth of body 23-2? times in total length, length of head

34 to 4 times. Head as long as deep, with slightly concave

upper profile; lower jaw not projecting beyond upper; snout

much shorter than eye, which is 2} to 2% times in length of

head and equals interorbital width; maxillary extending to

below anterior border of eye ; outer premaxillary teeth 4,

alternating with those of the inner row, 8 in number;

8 teeth in lower jaw. Gill-rakers moderate, 18-20 on lower

part of anterior arch. Dorsal II 8, originating above base

of ventral, some of the rays produced into long filaments in

males. Anal II-III 20-23, pointed in males, median ray

produced into a filament. Pectoral as long as or a little

shorter than head, reaching or nearly reaching ventral,

Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle as long as deep. Scales

31-33 a 14-2 between lateral line and ventral. Reddish

brown above, more red on the sides, approaching vermilion *,

* This vermilion soon disappeared after staining the spirit in which

the specimens were preserved.

544 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Fishes

silvery beneath, with a more or less distinct dark lateral band

extending on the caudal fin, and a vertical dark bar above

pectoral ; fins greyish, tinged with vermilion.

Numerous specimens, 38 to 60 mm. long, from the Bengo

River at Cabiri and from Lake Kilunda.

Native name: Kamakanja. ;

Most nearly related to P. hilgendorfi, Blgr.; distinguished

by a shorter body, the shape of the anal fin in the males,

more numerous gill-rakers, and fewer scales in the lateral

line (31-83 instead of 35-36).

11. Petersius ubalo, sp. n.

Depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length, length of

head 382 to 4 times. Head as long as deep, with slightly

concave upper profile; lower jaw not projecting beyond

upper; snout much shorter than eye, which is 23 to 23 times

in length of head and equals interorbital width ; maxillary

extending to below anterior border of eye; outer premaxillary

teeth 4, alternating with those of the inner row, 8 in number ;

8 teeth in lower jaw. Gill-rakers rather long, 16-18 on

lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal II 8, originating abeve

base of ventral, longest ray as longas head. Anal II 18-20.

Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, not reaching

ventral. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle as long as deep.

Seales 30-34 =, 2 between lateral line and ventral.

Yellowish green above, silvery beneath; fins whitish; a

more or less distinct dark lateral band, terminating in

a rhomboidal black blotch on caudal peduncle and median

rays of caudal fin.

Numerous specimens, 80 to 45 mm. long, from Lakes

Rumango and Kilunda.

Native name: Ubalo.

Closely allied to the preceding species ; distinguished by a

more elongate body, longer gill-rakers, fewer branched rays

in the anal fin (18-20 instead of 20-23), and especially by

the more normal shape of the dorsal and anal fins.

Cyprinide.

12. Labeo rocadasi, sp. n.

_ Body moderately compressed, its depth equal to or a

little less than Jength of head, 4 to 42 times in total length.

Head 1} to 13 times as long as broad; snout rounded or

rom the Quanza and Bengo Rivers. 545

obtusely pointed, strongly projecting, more or less swollen,

often with a more or less distinct curved transverse groove

above, its length 4 or a little more than 4 length of head (a

little less in the young); eye small, supero-lateral, 4 (young)

to 6 times in length of head ; interorbital width 2 to 4 length

of head ; width of mouth 4, or a little less than 4, length of

head ; lips strongly developed, upper straight-edged, lower

more or less expanded and bordered in front by a fringe of

papillze, the posterior border more or less distinctly festooned ;

inner surface of lips with small papille forming numerous

transverse plicze ; rostral flap large, completely detached at

the sides, the edge more or less distinctly festooned or den-

ticulate; a small barbel, concealed under folds of mouth ;

more or less developed horny tubercles (or their scars) on the

snout. Dorsal III 10 (rarely 9 or 11), equally distant from

end of snout or nostrils and from caudal, upper edge con-

cave, last simple ray and first branched ray longest, as long

as head or a little longer. Anal III 5, not reaching root of

caudal. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head,

not reaching ventral; latter inserted below middle of dorsal.

Caudal deeply emarginate. Caudal peduncle 1% to 2 times

as long as deep. Scales 39-42 Bate 4—5 between lateral line

and ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle. Dark olive above,

whitish beneath; fins greyish or bright red; young witha

dark spot on each scale and a black blotch on caudal

peduncle.

Numerous specimens, 40 to 250 mm. long, from the

Quanza and Lucalla Rivers.

Closely allied to L. forskalii, Riipp.; distinguished chiefly

by the longer caudal peduncle.-

13. Labeo ansorgit, Blgr.

Originally described from a single young specimen from

Mossamedes, this species is represented in the present

collection by numerous specimens, 50 to 190 mm. in length,

from the Quanza and Bengo Rivers and Lake Kilunda.

Except for the presence of an anterior small and often

quite rudimentary barbel, this species agrees closely with

L. forskalii.

14. Varicorhinus ensifer, sp. nu.

Depth of body 34 to 4 times in total length, length of head

44 to 54 times. Snout rounded, a little broader than long,

as long as or a little longer than eye, which is about 3 times

546 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Fishes

in length of head and 1} to 13 times in interorbital width ;

mouth straight, its width about 4 length of head, with a

thick upper lip covered with round papille ; similar papille

behind the cutting-edge of the lower jaw; two barbels on

each side, anterior minute, posterior about 4 diameter of

eye. Males with large horny spinose tubercles on sides of

head and end of snout. Dorsal IV 10 (rarely 9 or 11),

equally distant from eye and from caudal, last simple ray

very strong, bony, not serrated, straight, 14 to 2+ times

length of head; border of fin strongly emarginate. Anal

III 5, longest ray a little shorter or a little longer than head,

sometimes reaching caudal, with nuptial tubercles in the

males. Pectoral as long as or a little longer than head, not

reaching ventral; latter inserted below anterior rays of

dorsal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle 1} to 12

times as long as deep. Scales 30-35 a5, 2-24 lictwenl

lateral line and ventral, 12-14 round caudal peduncle.

Olive-brown above, white beneath ; fins bright red, edged

with greyish.

Numerous specimens, measuring from 75 to 195 mm., from

the Lucalla River at Lucalla.

15. Varicorhinus stenostoma, sp. 0.

Depth of body 33 times in total length, length of head 44

times. Snout rounded, a little broader than long, a little

shorter than eye, which is 3 times in length of head and

equals interorbital width ; mouth curved, its width ? length

of head ; no papille round the mouth ; two barbels on each

side, anterior about 4, posterior 3 diameter of eye. Dorsal

IV 10, equally distant from centre of eye and from caudal,

last simple ray very strong, bony, not serrated, straight,

13 times length of head; border of fin strongly emarginate.

Anal III 5, longest ray 2 length of head. Pectoral as long

as head, not reaching ventral § latter inserted below middle

of dorsal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle 13 times

as long as deep. Scales 41 i 4 between lateral hae and

ventral, 16 round caudal peduncle. Brownish above, each

scale with a dark spot, white beneath ; fins whitish.

Total length 105 mm.

A single specimen from the Lucalla River at Lucalla.

16. Varicorhinus varicostoma, sp. n.

Depth of body 32 times in total length, length of head

5 times. Snout rounded, much broader than long, as long

Jrom the Quanza and Bengo Livers. 547

as eye, which is 3 times in length of head and 1% times in

interorbital width; mouth straight, its width 3 length of

head, with a thick upper lip covered with round papillze ;

smaller papillz behind the cutting-edge of the lower jaw ; a

single barbel on each side, at angle of mouth, 4 diameter of

eye. Dorsal LV 10, equally distant from centre of eye and

from root of caudal, last simple ray very strong, bony, not

serrated, straight, 14 times length of head; border of fin

strongly emarginate. Anal III 5, longest ray as long as

head. Pectoral as long as head, not reaching ventral ; latter

inserted below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal deeply

forked. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as deep. Scales

35 = § 3 between lateral line and ventral, 14 round caudal

peduncle. Dark brown above, yellowish beneath ; fins dark

grey.

Total length 170 mm.

A single specimen from the Lucalla River at Lucalla.

17. Varicorhinus steindachneri, sp. n.

» Sp

Depth of body 3 to 3} times in total length, length of

head 34 to 44 times. Snout rounded, a little broader than

long, as long as or a little longer than eye, which is 3

(young) to 4 times in length of head and 1} to 14 times in

interorbital width ; mouth straight, its width about ? length

of head ; a minute, sometimes almost imperceptible, barbel

at angle of mouth; a few conical tubercles on sides of

snout. Dorsal 1V 10 (rarely 9 or 11), equally distant from

anterior border or centre of eye and from root of caudal,

last simple ray very strong, bony, not serrated, straight or

very feebly curved, 1 to 14 times length of head ; border

of fin strongly emarginate. Anal III 5, longest ray 2 to 2

length of head. Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than

head, not reaching ventral; latter inserted below middle of

dorsal. Caudal deeply forked. Caudal peduncle 14 to 12

times as long as deep. Scales 30-35 a 3-34 between

lateral line and ventral, 12 (rarely 14) round caudal peduncle.

Brown above, whitish beneath; fins dark grey, often tinged

with red,

Numerous specimens, measuring from 50 to 190 mm.,

from the Lucalla River at Lucalla.

Named in honour of Dr. F. Steindachner, this species

being very closely allied to the one described by him as

V. tornieri.

548 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Fishes

18. Varicorhinus latirostris, Sp. Ne

Depth of body 38 to 3} times in total length, length of

head 4 to 44 times. Snout rounded, 1% to 2 times as broad

as long, as long as or a little shorter than eye, which is 3 to

3} times in length of head and 13 to 1% times in interorbital

width ; mouth straight, its width 2 to $ length of head; a

minute barbel at angle of mouth; a few, very small, conical

tubercles on sides of snout. Dorsal IV 10 (rarely 11),

equally distant from end of snout or nostrils and from

root of caudal, last simple ray very strong, bony, not

serrated, straight or very feebly curved, as long as or slightly

longer than head ; border of fin strongly emarginate. Anal

III 5, longest ray a little shorter than head. Pectvural as

long as or a little longer than head, not reaching ventral ;

latter inserted below anterior soft rays of dorsal. Caudal

deeply forked. Caudal peduncle twice as long as deep.

Scales 384-39 Bae 3-34 between lateral line and ventral,

14 (rarely 12) round caudal peduncle. Olive-brown above,

whitish beneath ; fins dark grey, often tinged with red.

Ten specimens, measuring 100 to 160 mm., from the

Lucalla River at Lucalla.

The discovery of these five species nearly doubles the

number of African species of the genus Varicorhinus, the

principal characters of which are here contrasted :—

I. Two pairs of barbels ; last simple ray of dorsal strong and ossified.

A. Spine of dorsal shorter than head; 9 branched rays in dorsal;

posterior barbel as long as eye.

Se. 29 <4 2, 12; caudal peduncle not longer

than deep ; ventral below anterior soft rays

Se. 31 4, 21,12; caudal peduncle much longer

than deep ; ventral below middle of dorsal. V. brucii, Blgr.

B. Spine of dorsal longer than head; 10 (rarely 9 or 11) branched

rays in dorsal.

Se, 30-35 “47%, 2-24, 12-14; mouth straight,

with rounded papille in front and behind ;

posterior barbel about 3 diameter of eye;

ventral below anterior rays of dorsal .... V. enstfer, Blgr.

Se. 41 ae 4, 16; mouth curved, without

papilla ; posterior barbel 2 diameter of eye;

ventral below middle of dorsal.......... V. stenostoma, Blgr.

Jrom the Quanza and Bengo Rivers. 549

II. One pair of barbels, sometimes very minute and hidden in the folds

at angle of mouth.

A. 30-39 scales in lateral line; last simple ray of dorsal strong and

ossified ; 9 to 11 branched rays in the dorsal.

1. Snout much broader than long; rounded papillae in front of

and behind mouth.

Se. 85 Sh 3, 14; ventral below anterior rays

of dorsal ; burbel } diameter of eye ...... V. varicostoma, Blgr.

2. Snout a little broader than long; barbel minute; ventral

below middle of dorsal.

Se. 31 ip 23, 12; eye 43 times in length of

MO toms 6 bh 0's ds.cneted ew weenee das V. torniert, Stdr.

Age

Se. 30-35 oh, 3-33, 12-14; eye not more

than 4 times in length of head.......... V. steindachneri, Blgr.

3. Snout much broader than long; barbel minute ; ventral below

anterior soft rays of dorsal.

Se. 30-85 {F2!, 2-8, 12; eye 4 to 6 times in

length of Reads TELA ee V. beso, Riipp.

Se. 34-39 ce. 5-34, 12-14; eye 3 to 3} times

in length GU ROAM we Ae rer tes tow kes: V” latirostris, Blgr.

B. More than 40 scales in lateral line.

3-95

Se. 43-46 5 a5, 4-5, 16; dorsal with the last

simple ray slender and flexible, followed by

1Q-LL branched TRys’ sca s it reac ccames s V. maroecanus, Gthr.

Se. 64-70 (45), 9-10, 32-34; dorsal with

the last simple ray strong and ossified,

followed by 8-9 branched rays .......... V. tanganice, Bier.

19. Larbus ensis, sp. n.

Depth of body 3} to 4} times in total length, length of

head 34 to 3} times. Snout rounded, 3 times in length of

head ; eye 2} to 3} times in length of head, interorbital

width 3 to 3} times; mouth inferior, its width 4 times

in length of head; lips moderately or rather strongly

developed, lower continuous across chin, where it may form

a rather long rounded lobe; two barbels on each side,

anterior about % length of eye, posterior as long as eye or

slightly longer. Dorsal IV 9, equally distant from centre

or anterior border of eye and from root of caudal, border

concave, last simple ray extremely strong, bony, not serrated,

straight, 1} to 1% times length of head. Anal III 5, not

reaching caudal. Pectoral shorter than head, not reaching

ventral ; base of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal

peduncle twice as long as deep. Seales finely striated longi-

550 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Fishes

tudinally, 36-40 "=", 3 between lateral line and ventral,

12-14 round caudal ae Silvery, back brownish ; fins

sometimes tinged with red.

Fifteen specimens, measuring from 55 to 140 mm., from

the Lucalla River at Lucalla.

Most nearly related to B. bynni, Forsk., and B. ruspolit,

Vincig. ; distinguished from both by the proportions of the

head and body, the larger eye, the more anterior position of

the dorsal fin, and from the latter by the higher number of

scales in the lateral line.

20. Barbus rocadasi, sp. n.

Depth of body 3 to 35 times in total length, length of

head 34 to 4 times. Snout rounded, 2? to 34 times in

length of head; eye 3 (young) to 5 times in length of head,

interorbital width 23 to 3 times; mouth inferior, its width

3 to 32 times in length of head ; ‘lips moderately developed,

lower continuons across chin (sometimes interrupted in the

young), but not forming a median lobe; two barbels on

each side, anterior a little shorter than posterior, which is as

long as or a little longer thaneye. Dorsal III-IV 9 (rarely

8 or 10), equally distant from anterior or posterior border of

eye and from caudal, border concave, last simple ray very

strong, bony, not serrated, straight or feebly curved, 2 to

once length of head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal.

Pectoral as long as or a little shorter than head, not reach-

ing ventral ; base of latter below anterior soft rays of dorsal.

Caudal peduncle 14 to 13 times as long as deep. Scales

finely striated iGnatadindlies 30-35 ro 3-3 between

lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal pein) Olive-

brown above, scales edged with darker, whitish beneath; fins

dark in the adult, orange at the base, ventrals and anal

edged with yellow or orange. .

Numerous specimens, measuring 65 to 350 mm., from the

Quanza and Lucalla Rivers.

This species may be placed near B. duchesnii, Blgr., from

Abyssinia; distinguished by shorter barbels.

21. Barbus gulielmi, sp. n.

Depth of body 33 to 4 times in total length, length of

head 32 to 4 times. Snout obtusely pointed, 3 times in

length of head ; eye 3} times in length of head, interorbital

width 3 to 3} times ; oS inferior, its width 4, to 44 times

in length of “head ; lips feebly developed, lower continuous

rom the Quanza and Bengo Rivers. 551

across chin; two barbels on each side, anterior a little

shorter than posterior, which measures 1 to 12 diameters of

eye. Dorsal III 8-9, equally distant from anterior border

or centre of eye and from caudal, border concave, last

simple ray very strong, bony, not serrated, as long as or a

little shorter than head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal.

Pectoral a little shorter than head, not reaching ventral ;

base of latter below anterior soft rays of dorsal. Caudal

peduncle 13 to 2 times as long as deep. Scales finely

striated longitudinally, 29-31 i, 2-24 between lateral line

and ventral, 12 round caudal peduncle. Brownish above,

silvery white beneath, the scales on the upper parts blackish

at the base; fins greyish.

Three specimens, measuring 110 to 150 mm., from the

Quanza River at Dondo.

This species, named after Dr. William J. Ansorge, is

distinguished from the preceding by the more slender body,

the longer candal peduncle, the more pointed snout, and the

narrower mouth.

Native name: Quangalatunda.

22. Barbus girardi, sp. n.

Depth of body 3 to 34 times in total length, length of head

3; to 4) times. Snout rounded, 34 to 34 times in length of

head ; eye 3 (young) to 4 times in length of head, inter-

orbital width 2} to 2% times; mouth inferior, its width 34

to 4 times in length of head; lips rather feebly developed,

lower restricted to the sides; two barbels on each side,

subequal, or posterior a little longer, 14 to 14 diameters of

eye. Dorsal IV 10, equally distant from anterior or pos-

terior border of eye and from caudal, border concave, last

simple ray very strong, bony, not serrated, 1 to 1} times length

of head. AnalIII 5, reaching caudal inthe adult. Pectoral

as long as head, nearly reaching ventral; latter below

anterior soft rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 12 times as

long as deep. Scales finely striated longitudinally, 40-44

ih, 34-44 between lateral line and ventral, 16-18 round

caudal peduncle. Brownish above, the scales darker at the

base, whitish beneath; all the fins of a rich red in life.

11 specimens, measuring from 60 to 300 mm., from the

Lucalla River at Lucalla.

This species, named after Dr. Albert Girard, Director of

the Lisbon Museum, is allied to B. intermedius, Riipp., but

distinguished by smaller scales.

552 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Fishes

23. Barbus rhinophorus, sp. n.

Depth of body 4 to 44 times in total length, length of head

31 to 32 times. Snout pointed, terminating in a rounded

dermal pad projecting strongly beyond the mouth, its length

21 times in length of head ; eye 4 to 43 times in length of

head, interorbital width 32 to 4 times; mouth inferior, its

width 4 to 44 times in length of head; lips rather strongly

developed, not extending across chin; a single barbel on

each side, as long as or slightly longer than eye; sides of

snout with scattered, very small, granular nuptial tubercles.

Dorsal III 9, equally distant from nostrils or anterior border

of eye and from caudal, last simple ray very strong, bony,

not serrated, slightly longer than head. Anal III 5, not

reaching caudal. Pectoral ? length of head, not reaching

ventral; latter below middle of dorsal. Caudal peduncle

twice as long as deep. Scales finely striated longitudinally,

80-325, 2 between lateral line and ventral, 12 round caudal

peduncle. Brownish above, each scale blackish at the base,

whitish beneath; fins red.

Total length 150 mm.

Two specimens from the Lucalla River at Lucalla.

24. Barbus rose, sp. u.

Depth of body 32 to 32 times in total length, length of

head 34 to 4 times. Snout rounded, 3 to 34 times in length

of head ; eye 3 to 33 times in length of head, equal to inter-

orbital width ; mouth inferior, lower jaw with sharp cutting-

edge *; lips feebly developed, lower restricted to the sides ;

a single barbel on each side, 3 to 3 diameter of eye. Dorsal

III 9, equally distant from anterior border or centre of eye

and from caudal, border concave ; last simple ray very strong,

bony, as long as or a little longer than head. Anal III 5,

not reaching caudal. Pectoral a little shorter than head,

not reaching ventral; latter below middle of dorsal. Caudal

peduncle nearly twice as long as deep. Scales finely striated

longitudinally, 30-33 * ? 21 between lateral line and ventral,

12 round caudal peduncle. Olive above, yellowish beneath ;

a blackish lateral band, terminating in a large black spot at

the base of the caudal ; fins orange.

Five specimens, measuring 55 to 95 mm., from the Lucalla

River at Lucalla.

* In the larger specimens only.

from the Quanza and Bengo Rivers. 553

This species and the preceding are closely related, and

constitute an isolated group, owing to the presence of a single

barbel combined with the characters of the allies of B. bynni.

25. Barbus lucius, sp. n.

Depth of body 4} to 45 times in total length, length of

head 34 to 34 times. Head nearly 3 times as long as broad ;

snout rounded, 3 to 3§ times in length of head; eye 34

(young) to 5 times in length of head, interorbital width 4 to

44 times; mouth terminal, or lower jaw projecting, its width

34 to 4 times in length of head; lips rather strongly

developed, not extending across chin; two barbels on each

side, the anterior very minute, the posterior about 4 diameter

of eye. Dorsal III 9-10, equally distant from eye and from

caudal, border feebly concave, last simple ray strong, bony,

not serrated, } to § length of head. Anal III 5, not reaching

caudal. Pectoral $ to 3 length of head, not reaching ventral ;

latter below anterior soft rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle

nearly twice as long as deep. Scales finely striated longi-

tudinally, 43-47 3 between lateral line and ventral,

16 round caudal peduncle. Silvery, back brownish, fins

orange.

Three specimens, measuring 55 to 230 mm., from the

Lucalla River at Lucalla.

This species also occupies an isolated position in the

B. bynni division.

26. Barbus mattozi, Guimaraes.

Lucalla River.

Stands very near B. argenteus, Gthr.

27. Barbus eutenia, Blgr.

Quanza River at Dondo.

28. Barbus kessleri, Stdr.

Lucalla River and Lake Kilunda.

29. Barbus holotenia, Blgr.

Lucalla and Bengo Rivers.

30. Barbus uniteniatus, Stdr.

Lucalla and Bengo Rivers, Lake Kilunda.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser, 8. Vol. vi. 37

554 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Fishes

31. Barbus aurantiacus, sp. 0.

Depth of body equal to length of head, 33 to 4 times in

total length. Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which is 23

to 22 times in length of head and equals interorbital width ;

mouth subinferior, its width 34 times in length of head ; lips

moderately developed, interrupted on the chin ; two minute

barbels on each side. Dorsal III 8, equally distant from

end of snout or anterior border of eye and from root of

caudal, border slightly concave; last simple ray flexible, not

enlarged, not serrated, as long as head. Anal III 5, not

reaching caudal. Pectoral ? to # length of head, not reaching

ventral; hase of latter below anterior rays of dorsal. Caudal

peduncle 12 to 2 times as long as deep. Scales radiately

striated, 26-285, 2-24 between lateral line and ventral,

12 round caudal peduncle. Pale olive-brown above, each

scale with a dark brown spot ; a blackish streak on each side

of the head, passing through the eye, continued as a series

of spots along the lateral line ; lower parts yellowish, more

or less tinged with orange; basal half or two-thirds of fins

bright orange.

Five specimens, measuring 54 to 87 mm., from the Lucalla

River at Lucalla.

Most nearly related to B. doggetti, Blgr., from Lake

Victoria; distinguished by the larger eye and fewer scales

in the lateral line (26-28 instead of 29).

32. Barlus musumbi, sp. n.

Depth of body 2? to 3} times as long as deep, length of

head 3 to 32 times. Snout rounded, shorter than eye, which

is 24 to 3 times in length of head and equals interorbital

width; mouth small, subinferior; lips feebly developed ; two

barbels on each side, posterior the longer and 4 to 4 diameter

of eye; males with small nuptial tubercles on lips and sides

of snout. Dorsal TII 8, equally distant from eye and from

root of caudal, border straight or slightly concave; last

simple ray flexible, not enlarged, not serrated, as long as

head. Anal III 5, not reaching caudal. Pectoral about

3 length of head, not reaching ventral ; latter below anterior

rays of dorsal. Caudal peduncle 13 to 1$ times as long as

deep. Scales radiately striated, 22-25 : , 14 between lateral

line and ventral, 8 round caudal peduncle. Yellowish or

pale olive above, scales often edged with black ; top of-head

sometimes black ; a more or less distinct black or blackish

bar behind the gill-opening; fins red or blackish.

Crt

from the Quanza and Bengo Rivers.

Total length 48 mm.

Numerous specimens from the Quanza River at Cambanbe,

the Bengo River at Cabiri, and Lake Kilunda,

Native name: Musumbi.

Very closely allied to the larger B. congicus, Blgr.

33. Bavilius ansorgii, sp. n.

Depth of body equal to or a little less than length of head,

3% to 44 times in total length. Head 2 to 24 times as long

as broad, with feebly curved upper profile; snout pointed,

not projecting beyond mouth, as long as or a little longer

than eye, which is 34 to 4 times in length of head; inter-

orbital width 3 to 31 times in length of head; mouth

extending to below centre or posterior third of eye; no

barbels ; naked space between preoperculum and suborbitals

not + width of third suborbital. Gill-rakers few, rudimentary.

Dorsal II 7, originating midway between occiput and root

of caudal, its posterior half above anal ; anterior rays longest,

# to % length of head. Anal III 12-14 (usually 13),

anterior rays much longer than posterior, about as long as

longest dorsals. Pectoral acutely pointed, as long as or a

little shorter than head, reaching ventral or not. Caudal

forked. Caudal peduncle 1% to 2 times as long as deep.

Scales radiately striated, 40-447, 2-24 between lateral

line and ventral, 12-14 round caudal peduncle. Back

bluish grey, sides and lower parts silvery white in females,

bright yellow in males; 10 to 15 bluish-black vertical bars

on each side, above the lateral line, the last usuaily expanding

into a large blotch on the caudal peduncle at root of caudal ;

fins white.

Numerous specimens, measuring 80 to 120 mm., from the

Quanza River at Dondo.

Closely allied to B. kingsleye, Blgr.

Siluride.

34, Clarias gariepinus, Burch.

Lake Kilunda.

35. Eutropius ansorgii, sp. n.

Depth of body 4 times in total length, length of head

5 times. Head 1} times as long as broad; snout broad, a

little longer than eye; both jaws equal in front ; eye perfectly

lateral, 5 times in length of head, 3 times in interorbital

37*

556 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Fishes

width; width of mouth equal to or a little less than inter-

orbital width; vomero-palatine teeth forming an uninter-

rupted band, which is a little narrower than the band of

premaxillary teeth. Nasal barbel 5 to 3 length of head,

maxillary 2 to 3, outer mandibular 3, inner mandibular

1 toi. Gill-rakers moderately long, 9 to 12 on lower part

of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, entirely in advance of ventral,

about twice as distant from caudal as from end of snout, its

spine slender, # to 2 length of head, very feebly serrated

behind. Anal 55-59. Pectoral not reaching ventral, its

spine stronger and a little longer than that of dorsal, inner

border feebly serrated. Caudal deeply forked, with pointed

lobes. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or a little deeper

than long. Brownish above, white below; a dark, ill-

defined blotch on each side above the pectoral fin; vertical

fins brownish, with a light streak along the anal.

Total length 240 mm.

Three specimens from the Quanza River at Cunga: one was

caught in the act of swallowing a full-grown Odaxothrissa

ansorgit.

Native name: Buanga.

The longer nasal barbel precludes the identification of this

fish with the E. bocagii, from the Dondo River, described

and figured by Guimaraes.

36. Eutropius seraot, sp. n.

Depth of body 4 to 43 times in total length, length of

head 42 to 5 times. Head 1} to 1} times as long as broad ;

snout broad, as long as or a little longer than eye, projecting

slightly beyond lower jaw; eye pertectly lateral, 35 to 4

times in length of head, 24 to 3 times in interorbital width ;

width of mouth equal to interorbital width ; vomero-palatine

teeth forming an uninterrupted band, which is narrower than

the band of premaxillary teeth. Nasal barbel 3 to 2 length

of head, maxillary 1} to 14, outer mandibular 2 to 1, inner

mandibular 4 to 3. Gill-rakers rather long and closely set,

15 to 18 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, entirely

in advance of ventral, 2} to 25 times as distant from caudal

as from end of suout, its spine slender, $ to # length of head,

very feebly serrated behind. Anal 46-53. Pectoral reaching

ventral or not, its spine stronger and a little longer than

that of dorsal, inner border feebly serrated. Caudal deeply

forked, with pointed lobes. Caudal peduncle as long as deep.

Back brownish, sides and belly silvery white; a more or less

distinct dark lateral stripe; a dark, ill-defined blotch on each

side above the pectoral fin; fins whitish.

leoenloo

Jrom the Quanza and Bengo River's. 557

Ten specimens, measuring 50 to 200 mm., from the

Bengo River and from the Lucalla River at Lucalla.

Distinguished from the preceding principally by the

longer barbels and lower number of anal rays.

37. Physailia ansorgii, sp. 0.

Depih of body 4} times in total length, length of head

5 times. Snout broad, rounded, not projecting beyond

mouth, a little shorter than eye; latter perfectly lateral,

3 times in length of head, and a little less than interocular

width, which equals width of mouth. Nasal barbel 2 total

length, maxillary and mandibular 4. Pectoral as long as

head, extending beyond root of ventral, spine serrated on

inner side. Ventrals very small, 2} times as distant from

caudal as from end of snout. Anal 60-65, narrowly

separated from caudal, which is deeply forked, with pointed

lobes. Yellowish, more or l.ss dotted with black, especially

on the back and anal fin ; lateral line black.

Total length 63 mm.

Two specimens from the Quanza River at Cunga,

Intermediate between P. pellucida, Blgr., and P. soma-

lensis, Vincig.; distinguished from the former by longer

barbels, from the latter by the serrated pectoral spine.

38. Chrysichthys acutirostris, Gthr.

Quanza, Lucalla, and Bengo Rivers.

Native name: Msolo.

This species was only known from the single type

specimen, obtained by Welwitsch at Golungo Alto.

39. Chrysichthys bocagii, sp. n.

Depth of body 45 to 42 times in total length, length of

head 34 times. Head moderately depressed, 14 times as

long as broad, its upper surface slightly rugose, covered.

with thin skin; occipital process narrow, extending to the

small interneural shield; snout obtusely pointed ; eye 34

to 4 times in length of head, 1} to 14 times in interocular

width ; mouth inferior, its width 24 times in length of

head; preemaxillary band of teeth nearly straight, 3 times

as long as broad ; vomero-pterygoid teeth not much

developed, forming a narrow band interrupted in the

middle ; nasal barbel 1 to 14 diameters of eye, maxillary

1} to 14 length of head, outer mandibular % to #, inner

, a?

mandibular ? to $. Gill-rakers rather long, 15 to 17 on

558 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on Fishes

lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal I 6, 1} to 14 as distant

from root of caudal as from end of snout; spine strong,

feebly serrated behind, 3 length of head ; first and second

soft rays longest, as long as head, reaching or nearly

reaching adipose fin when folded ; adipose fin as long as

base of rayed dorsal, } as long as its distance from latter.

Anal 13, 9 rays branched. Pectoral shorter than head,

spine strongly serrated on inner side. Caudal deeply

forked, with long pointed lobes, middle rays 3 length of

longest. Caudal peduncle 13 to 14 times as long as deep.

Olive-brown above, white beneath ; fins olive-brown.

Two specimens, measuring 85 and 160 mm. respectively,

from the Bengo River at Dondo.

Closely allied to C. furcatus, Gthr.; distinguished by

longer barbels.

Named in memory of the late Prof. Barboza du Bocage,

who so largely contributed to our knowledge of the Zoology

of Angola.

40. Chrysichthys ansorgit, sp. n.

Depth of body 44 to 5 times in total length, length of

head 31 to 32 times. Head rather strongly depressed,

1} to 12 times as long as broad, its upper surface smooth,

covered with thick skin; occipital process narrow, extending

to the small interneural shield; snout rounded; eye 33

(young) to 5 times in length of head, 1] (young) to 2 times

in interocular width; mouth inferior, its width 14 to 13

times in length of head (narrower in young) ; preemaxillary

band of teeth straight or feebly curved, 4 times as long as

broad ; vomero-pterygoid teeth forming a strong and long

band, narrowly interrupted in the middle; nasal barbel as

long as eye, maxillary # to 2 length of head (as long as

head in very young), outer mandibular 4 to 2, inner

mandibular 4 to 3. Gill-rakers rather long, 13-15 on

lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal 16, 14 to 14 times as

distant from end of snout as from root of caudal; spine

strong, feebly serrated behind, ? to 2 length of head; second

or third soft ray longest, 4 to ? length of head; adipose

fin as long as or a little shorter than base of rayed dorsal,

1 to 4 as long as its distance from latter. Anal 13, 8 or 9

rays branched. Pectoral much shorter than head, spine

_ strongly serrated on inner side. Caudal moderately forked,

the lobes cbtusely poited in the adult, middle rays 2 to 4

length of longest. Caudal peduncle 14 times as long as

deep. Olive-brown or grey to blackish above, white

beneath ; fins olive-brown.

from the Quanza and Bengo Rivers. 559

Numerous specimens, 65 to 300 mm. long, from the

Quanza River at Dondo, and from the Bengo River.

In the adult and half-grown state this fish is easily

distinguished from the preceding by the broader, flatter

head, shorter maxillary barbels, and less deeply forked tail ;

but what I regard as the young of the two species are not

so readily separated.

Cyprinodontide.

41. Haplochilus macrurus, Bigr.

Quanza River at Dondo.

Syngnathide.

42. Syngnathus ansorgii, sp. 0.

Head and body } of total length ; osseous rings 15 +37,

without spines; body a little deeper than broad ; lateral

line and upper caudal edge not continuous. Snout as long

as postocular part of head ; operculum crossed by a straight

ridge; a ridge along the upper surface of the head and on

the nape. Dorsal 29, originating above vent and occupying

7 rings. Anal 2. Pectoral and caudal fins well developed

but small. Pouch half as long as tail. Yellowish brown,

darker on the tail, with rather indistinct dark brown bars

above and blackish spots dispersed regularly on the sides,

one above and one below the median lateral ridge to each

ring on the body; dark lines radiating from the pupil;

caudal fin black, edged with yellowish above and beneath.

Total length 115 mm.

A single specimen from the Quanza River at Dondo.

Distinguished from S. mossambicus, Peters, and S. kaupi,

Blkr., by more numerous dorsal rays, and from the latter

by the shorter snout.

Native name: Ralo.

Mugilide.

43. Mugil falcipinnis, C. & V.

Bengo River at Cabiri.

Pleuronectidz.

44. Cynoglossus senegalensis, C. & V.

Quanza River at Cunga.

560 Fishes from the Quanza and Bengo Rivers.

Serranide.

45. Lutjanus eutactus, Blkr.

Quanza River at Cunga.

Pristipomatide.

46. Pristipoma jubelini, C. & V.

Quanza River at Cunga, and Bengo River at Qui-

fungondo.

Native name: Matoma.

Cichlide. .

47. Hemichromis fasciatus, Peters.

Quanza River at Cunga.

48. Tilapia flavomarginata, Blgr.

Quanza and Bengo Rivers, Lake Panguila.

Native name: Cacusso.

49. Tilapia cabre, Blgr.

Quanza River at Cunga and Cabambe, Lake Rumango.

Native name: Shopa.

50. Tilapia melanopleura, A. Dum.

Quanza River at Cunga.

51. Tilapia acuticeps, Stdr.

Lucalla River at Lucalla.

Adult males are pale purplish brown, the chin and throat

dull blue, the other fins yellow, dorsal, anal, and caudal with

bright rose round spots and edged with light rose.

Gobiide.

52. Nematogobius ansorgii, g. & sp. n.

Depth of body 5 to 6 times in total length, length of

head 34 to 3} times. Head 1? times as long as broad,

broader than deep; snout short, rounded; jaws equal in

front or lower slightly projecting; eye 4 times in length of

On Heterocera from Costa Rica. 561

head ; interorbital space narrow ; mouth extending to

below centre of eye; no canines; head naked, with very

regular series of sensory papille ; a short nasal barbel and

a pair of mental barbels. Dorsal VI, 112; longest ray of

first dorsal nearly 4 length of head. Anal I9. Pectoral

as long as head. Ventral with well-developed anterior

membrane, not reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal

peduncle 13 times as long as deep. Scales ctenoid, 37-40

in longitudinal series, 10-11 between dorsal and anal.

Yellowish brown above, speckled with brown, with 3 or

4 ill-defined dark brown cross-bars ; dorsal and caudal

fins spotted with dark brown; a round blackish spot on

upper part of pectoral fin, near its base.

Total length 80 mm.

Three specimens from the Bengo River at Cabiii.

Native name: Kimbunu.

In the presence of a nasal barbel and a pair of mentals

this species differs from all the Gobius with barbels which

are placed in the genera Cheturichthys, Ainosus, Trieno-

pogon, &c., and deserves to be made the type of at least a

subgenus, for which the name Nematogobius is proposed.

LXI.— New S) ecies of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—III.

By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S.

Lasiocampide,

Claphe francesca, sp. n.

Body above lilacine buff; the anal hairs and subdorsal

basal tuft brownish. Fore wings: the basal area above sub-

median, and the medial space above vein 3 light grey with

two black points at end of cell; the costa finely, the innex

margin and marginal space light fawn-brown ; a white basal

spot below cell ; a curved geminate darker grey antemedial

line with a paler spot on costa ; the postmedial whitish buff

below vein 5, incurved at vein 2, oblique and geminate from

costa, angled at vein 7 and filled in with grey to vein 5,

where it is followed by a brown streak between 5 and 6; a

subterminal fine whitish lunular line; below vein 5 a tine

paler line between subterminal and postmedial; a terminal

paler line. Hind wings buff; the veins beyond a medial

brownish shade slightly darker ; the outer half of costa pale

reddish brown crossed by a subterminal paler line.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. El Sitio.

562 Mr. W. Schaus on

Claphe cariosa, sp. n.

g. Body brown, the tegula and patagia outwardly white.

Fore wings: the inner margin below submedian, the outer

margin and postmedial space below vein 4, also a spot on

costa before apex light brown; the wing otherwise whitish

grey lrrorated with brown ; a brown subbasal spot on costa ;

the antemedial and postmedial line broad, rather close to-

gether, meeting at submedian ; the medial space below vein 3

more thickly irrorated with brown ; the postmedial followed

by white points on veins 5 to submedian ; subterminal brown

spots on whitish portion, shaded with white below vein 4.

Hind wings brown ; the costa and postmedial space beyond

cell to subterminal white, thinly irrorated with brown; a

medial dark brown line on costa.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Closely allied to C. vecina, Schs.

Claphe laverna, sp. n.

&. Palpi, head, collar, and patagia lilacine buff and brown.

Thorax and subdorsal tuft at base of abdomen black and dark

brown. Abdomen light reddish brown; anal hairs grey.

Fore wings roseate buff, thickly irrorated with reddish scales ;

an irregular black antemedial line preceded by a fine reddish-

brown line ; a postmedial black line dentate to vein 4, then

lunular, outwardly shaded with greyish brown, broadly be-

tween veins 7 and 9; a dentate grey-brown subterminal

shade. Hind wings roseate buff on inner area; the costa

broadly irrorated with reddish brown; a dark postmedial

and marginal shade, the latter extending to anal angle.

Expanse 37 mm.

Hab. Banana River.

Allied to C. deusta, W1k.

Claphe barda, sp. n.

Palpi buff, dark brown laterally at base. Head mottled

buff and black. Collar and thorax black mottled with brown,

the former with a broad grey streak outwardly from behind

vertex. Abdomen brown, darkest subdorsally on two basal

segments, followed by black and grey subdorsal scales.

Fore wings: costal margin to postmedial and a space beyond

cell whitish, the latter containing some black spots ; below

subcostal and vein 4 to postmedial the wing is mottled dark

grey, black, and dark brown with a black streak near base of

LTeterocera from Costa Rica. 563

cell; traces of three oblique light brown lines on costa ;

postmedial brownish, geminate, the inner portion strongly

marked with dark velvety brown from subcostal to near

vein 4 ; the outer margin is broadly paler and browner with

a very irregular blackish subterminal line, and crossed by

dark brown veins; the fringe reddish brown with pale points.

Hind wings: the costal half greyish white, with a grey

geminate postmedial line and an interrupted subterminal

line ; the inner half of wing light brown. Underneath light

brown ; a subterminal dark shade on fore wings.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. La Florida, Sixola, Guapiles.

Allied to C. vithers?, Schs.

Claphe celebris, sp. n.

3. Palpi brown. Head and collar grey, mottled with

brown. ‘Thorax brown; patagia blackish. Abdomen brown

with a dark subdorsal tuft at base. Fore wings: the cell,

costal margin, and above vein 7, and a short space beyond

cell between veins 3 and 5, greyish black, crossed by black

veins ; inner and outer margins buff, thinly irrorated with

darker scales; the antemedial line fine, wavy, black; the

postmedial whitish on costa, then fine whitish buff, very

indistinct, preceded below vein 3 by a lunular blackish line,

and followed by short dark streaks on veins; the postmedial

shade heavy, blackish, inset between veins 2 and 3, and 4

and 6; veins on light portion irrorated with dark brown;

fringe grey-black spotted with buff. Hind wings light

brown; the outer margin buff; a large blackish space at

apex, and a similar subterminal shade.

Expanse 30 mm.

The female has the pale portion of fore wings thickly

irrorated with reddish brown, the markings duller and more

suffused. The hind wings are grey-brown, with buff mar-

ginal spots.

Expanse 43 mm.

Hab, 'Yuis, Juan Vinas, Sixola.

Claphe definita, sp. n.

3d. Head dark grey with two buff streaks. Collar and

thorax dorsally dark grey, outwardly reddish brown, with a

subdorsal buff streak. Abdomen dark brownish grey. Fore

wings very dark violaceous brown; a reddish-brown spot at

base; the mcdial space below cell, and the inner margin,

light buff-brown; the antemedial line irregular, outcurved,

ob L Mr. W. Schaus on

interrupted, light buff-brown ; the postmedial very fine,

similar in colour, finely wavy, barely perceptible on costal half

of wings, preceded by a darker line on pale portion of wing ;

three subterminal small white spots between veins 3 and 6,

followed by fine white lunules ; terminal buff spots on veins.

Hind wings dark slaty grey; the costal margin dark viola-

ceous brown; a faint pale medial line to inner margin above

angle ; terminal points less distinct; fringe brown, finely

buff at base. The costal margin of hind wings is deeply

excavated, then very oblique to vein 7.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; Nov. El Sitio, Sixola.

Claphe maria, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax mottled buff and blackish scales.

Abdomen brown, darkest subdorsally on two basal segments ;

some greyish scales terminally. Fore wings buff-brown,

very thickly irrorated with black and brown to postmedial ;

traces of an antemedial line ; asmall black spot at end of

cell; the postmedial dark brown, excurved, and oblique from

costa, sharply curved around cell, lunular to inner margin,

with white points on veins; the subterminal dark brown deeply

lunular, dentate, followed by dark streaks on veins; fringe

brown with pale spots at tips of veins. Hind wings brown;

the costal margin to subterminal darkly irrorated like the fore

wings; the subterminal dark, dentate at apex, then lunular,

combining with the dark tips of veins to form round marginal

spots. Underneath light brown, the subterminal line less

distinct.

Expanse 43 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Sixola, Juan Vinas.

Allied closely to C. theresa, Schs.

Claphe elena, sp. n.

3. Legs, head, and thorax whitish grey with some dark

brown hairs. Abdomen light brown, terminally streaked

with grey. Fore wings grey, the base tinged with whitish,

the outer margin with pale brown, irrorated thinly with

blackish scales, especially on medial space below cell; the

antemedial blackish, dentate, outwardly curved, geminate

trom subcostal to vein 3, deeply indentate below vein 2; a

black point in cell ; the postmedial geminate, oblique from

costa, finely dentate to vein 7, then incurved, lunular, and

brownish to inner margin, with white points on veins, and

inward black streaks on veins 2-5; a fine irregular sub-

terminal brownish line; the outer margin with dark streaks

Tetevocera from Costa Rica. 565

on veins, those on 2,3, and 5 extending within the sub-

terminal; fringe light brown, with pale buff spots. Hind

wings light brown; the costal margin broadly grey, with

wavy dark postmedial lines; a subterminal dark line to anal

angle ; terminal dark streaks on veins. Underneath light

brown, a subterminal dark line.

Expanse 42 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Allied to C. teresina, Schs.

Claphe torrida, sp. n.

Body brown ; tufts on legs, a streak on head, collar, and

a subdorsal spot at base of abdomen dark violaceous brown.

Fore wings reddish brown, tinged with paler reddish brown

on costa and inner margin; the outer margin pale buff, in-

wardly curved from costa before apex to near end of cell,

narrower near tornus, and irrorated with reddish brown below

vein 4 ; a subterminal row of dark steel-grey spots, and some

reddish brown on extreme margin ; fringe light brown, darkly

spotted from apex to vein 5, and below it with a dark

line ; some antemedial dark steel-grey spots, partly shaded

with whitish scales; a broad dark steel-grey shade from

end of cell to costa; a postmedial row of whitish spots on

veins, faintly connected by a lunular dark shade. Hind

wings reddish brown; the outer margin irregularly buff-

brown ; a similar medial line.

Expanse, ¢ 29 mm., ? 38 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; June. ‘Tuis.

Allied to C. pompilus, Dogn.

Claphe nebula, sp. n.

o. Head and thorax mottled dark brown and ochreous.

Abdomen ochreous brown ; a tuft of hairs similar to thorax

subdorsally at base; anal hairs brown. Fore wings whitish

grey, thinly irrorated with brown ; the veins beyond post-

medial dark brown; some brown at base; a geminate,

irregularly curved antemedial line, olivaceous brown; a

postmedial geminate line of the same colour, slightly curved

below costa, and finely wavy to middle of inner margin, the

outer portion of the line expanding into a broad shade below

vein 6; submarginal angled dull greyish spots between

veins 2 and 5, and 6 and 8; fringe olivaceous brown, with

pale spots at tips of veins. Hind wings whitish, the veins

terminally brown ; a fine dark medial line ; the inner margin

broadly covered with ochreous hairs,

Expanse 33 mm,

566 Mr. W. Schaus on

2. Body dark olivaceous brown, the last three segments of

abdomen ochreous. Fore wings: the base olivaceous brown,

the outer half of wing more of a dull dark smoky brown ; the

antemedial darker, geminate, excurved below costa, incurved

below vein 2 ; adark spot at end of cell, closely followed by the

irregular postmedial, leaving the medial space very narrow ;

the medial space is dirty white ; a similar curved shade from

vein 6 to costa near apex, preceded by a dull brownish-grey

subterminal shade, which curves outwardly below vein 6 and

extends to tornus. Hind wings dark smoky grey; the costa

with whitish shades and apical spots.

Expanse 47 mm.

Hab. Sitio, Sixola, Juan Vinas, Tuis, Cachi.

Claphe directa, sp. n.

gd. Head and thorax grey irrorated with ochreous hairs.

Abdomen ochreous ; anal hairs and a subdorsal basal patch

dark grey. Fore wings: the base light grey limited by a

dark antemedial line, angled on costa, indentate above sub-

median, joined on inner margin by an oblique line from base

of cell; these lines are faintly geminate; some ochreous

hairs at base of inner margin; the medial space white; the

postmedial dark grey, geminate, nearly straight and slightly

oblique; the outer space grey with a darker subterminal

dentate shade, outwardly shaded with white especially to-

wards apex; the veins all dark grey. Hind wings white ;

the inner area broadly ochreous; a dark medial line curved

before inner margin; a subterminal grey shade at apex ;

fringe dark grey.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Sixola.

This species is closely allied to C. lacinta, Druce, which

has, however, the medial white space narrower, the antemedial

line rounded, not angled, and the subterminal grey shade on

-hind wings heavier and more extended.

Claphe larundina, sp. n.

g. Head and collar buff-brown. Thorax shaded with dark

brown. Abdomen light brown. Fore wings: the basal area

dark brown with a small cluster of white scales above sub-

median, and limited by a geminate dark brown line, inwardly

edged with light brown, only slightly curved from costa to

inner margin; the rest of the wing greyish brown; some

white on discocellular ; the postmedial with white points on

Hleterocera from Costa Rica. 567

veins; a dentate, brown marginal shade. Hind wings light

brown, the basal half of costa dark brown; the apex and

outer margin tinged with grey. Underneath light brown ; a

dark medial line on costal half of hind wings.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab, El Sitio, Juan Vinas.

Allied to C. albidifascia, Wik., and C. larunda, Druce,

which is wrongly numbered on the plate in the ‘ Biologia,’

but browner in colour, and devoid of the white mottlings

underneath.

Claphe poasia, sp. n.

$. Head and collar greyish. Thorax mottled grey and

dark brown. Abdomen light brown. Fore wings: the base

light brown shaded with reddish brown above cell and at

base of cell, limited by a slightly curved reddish-brown line,

followed by a blackish-brown line ; outer portion of wing

grey urorated with brown; a fine dark brown postmedial

line almost straight, indentate on veins, followed by a brown

shade, angled below costa, closer to it on inner than on costal

margin ; a wavy dentate subterminal dark grey shade. Hind

wings light brown; the basal half of costa darker brown ;

the outer half and a part of outer margin whitish irrorated

with grey.

Expanse 44 mm.

Hab. Volcano Poas, 7000 ft.

Allied to @. larunda, Druce, but much larger and quite

distinct.

Claphe egra, sp. n.

6. Palpi buff-brown, dark brown at base. Head and

collar dark brownish grey. Thorax buff. Abdomen pale

buff-brown, with subdorsal dark brownish-grey tufts on basal

segments. ore wings: the base pale buff with some brown

shadings on costa, limited by a curved medial dark brown

line, followed by buff and a blackish-brown line; postmedial

space dark grey irrorated with white towards costa, containing

a short dark streak on discocellular ; this space outwardly

irregular, followed by a dark buff shade divided by a fine

brown line; subterminal space dark grey, outwardly edged

above vein 2 by a still darker irregular shade; the outer

margin brownish ; fringe dark giey spotted with buff. Hind

wings buff-brown ; base of costa dark brown, limited by a

dark medial line which crosses the wing ; a subterminal grey

shade wide at apex and at vein 3. Underneath brownish

568 Mr. W. Schaus on

buff; heavy subterminal dark brown shades, and finer lines

postmedially on costa.

Expanse, ¢ 33 mm.

9. Head and thorax dull dark brown; an ochreous streak

on patagia. Abdomen slightly paler brown. Fore wings

dull dark smoky brown; the basal third ochreous, irrorated

with a few dark brown scales, and outwardly crossed by a

brown line, obliquely curved from costa to median, and again

below cell; an irregular postmedial narrow ochreous shade

crossed by a wavy brown line; an irregular subterminal

blackish-grey shade. Hind wings: the costa broadly similar

‘to fore wings with an ochreous space postmedially, irrorated

with brown; the rest of the wing brown faintly tinged with

lilacine.

Eixpanse 46 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, El Sitio.

This species is allied to C. gera, Schs., but larger and with

much paler hind wings.

Claphe lepta, sp. n.

3. Body and wings rich brown. Fore wings: basal half

mottled with black chiefly in and below cell, and crossed by

a fine irregular white line, incurved before a small pale spot

at end of cell, and indentate below vein 2; this dark space

is followed by a brownish-buff band, slightly curved below

costa, and is separated from the brown outer space by a fine

dark brown, geminate, postmedial line, with fine white points

on some of the veins; a very faint dark subterminal line.

Hind wings: the apex paler crossed by a dark subterminal

line; a blackish-brown medial streak on costa. Underneath

brown, the veins paler; a faint dark medial line on both

wings.

Expanse 27 mm.

Fab. Sixola ; Sept.

Claphe lanea, sp. n.

&. Head, collar, and abdomen dull brown. Thorax and

a subdorsal tuft at base of abdomen grey. Fore wings: the

base white irrorated with black; the medial space clearer

white; the outer half thickly irrorated with brown; an ante-

medial black line nearly straight from costa to vein 2, then

inset and oblique to middle of inner margin; the postmedial

dark brown, fine, forming three little outward curves below

costa, between veins 3 and 5,and below vein 2; an irregular

brown subterminal shade. Hind wings dull brown; the costal

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 569

margin broadly, the outer margin to near anal angle narrowly

grey ; medial and subterminal dark lines.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Claphe capillata, sp. n.

Body and wings brown, the head, thorax, and fore wings

tinged with lilacine. Fore wings: basal, geminate ante-

medial and postmedial line finely lunular, irregular, dark

velvety brown; the postmedial followed by a row of dull

brown spots, and both are outwardly shaded with greyish

brown ; two minute dark spots at end of cell; a subterminal

row of dull brown spots faintly edged outwardly with greyish,

and preceded by a slight similar shade at apex. Hind wings:

a narrow terminal greyish line at apex.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. El Sitio; May. Juan Vinas, Cartago.

Claphe lankestert, sp. n.

3. Body above and legs mouldy grey, underneath brownish

buff. Fore wings buff, thickly irrorated with dark brown ;

inner margin and outer margin below vein 4 mouldy

grey, edged above on basal half by a whitish shade, and in-

wardly from outer margin and along vein 4 by a dark greyish-

brown shade almost broken into spots; a subterminal row of

small brown spots above vein 4, coalescent and edged with

clear buff. Hind wings light brown; a greyish streak along

inner margin; a faint darker medial shade; a subterminal

and terminal buff line; some greyish spots on fringe.

Underneath buff, with brownish streaks on costa and towards

apices. .

Expanse 37 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; June.

This species, which I have named after Mr. C. H. Lankester

of Cachi, is closely allied to C. marna, Schs., from Southern.

Brazil.

Claphe earola, sp. n.

g. Body and wings brown. Fore wings: an antemedial

darker line spotted with white; a dark discal linear spot

hardly visible; the postmedial finely wavy, darker brown

spotted with white, followed by a faint lilacine shade near

costa; the subterminal darker, remote from margin, not

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 38

570 Mr. \V. Schaus on

reaching inner margin. Hind wings with the fringe slightly

darker.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Sixola ; March, Sept.

Claphe sigurda, sp. n.

Head and abdomen lilacine brown. Thorax dull reddish

brown. Fore wings dull reddish brown, the lines buff ; the

antemedial line straight; the discal spot thick, linear,

blackish ; the postmedial line angled below costa and slightly

oblique to inner margin, followed by a fine more oblique line

from above vein 5 towards apex; a fine lunular outwardly

curved subterminal line from vein 6 to inner margin near

tornus. Hind wings lilacine brown, the costal margin dull

reddish brown; a faint pale outer line incurved at cell, the

costal margin of hind wings is nearly straight, then oblique

to below vein 7, beyond which it is rounded.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Sixola ; March. Peralta.

Claphe sobrina, sp. n.

3. Body brown; some darker brown on head, posteriorly

on collar, and subdorsally on thorax and abdomen at base.

Wings light brown. Fore wings thinly irrorated with darker

brown; a blackish line at base ; an outwardly curved brown-

black antemedial shade; an oblique similar medial shade on

costa to discal spot ; the postmedial fine, dark, angled below

costa, and followed on costa by a small buff spot, inwardly

oblique to vein 5, then wavy to inner margin, followed by a

less distinct and finer shade; a subterminal row of dark

spots between the veins; fringe dark grey, spotted with buff-

brown. Hind wings light brown, mottled with darker brown

on costal margin ; a faint geminate dark shade from costa to

inner margin; a faint buff subterminal line; fringe as on

fore wings.

Expanse, ¢ 26 mm.

The female is darker, the antemedial shades more suffused,

the postmedial straighter with buff points on veins.

Expanse, ? 33 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola, Tuis, Cartago.

Claphe yoha, sp. n.

Head and thorax mottled brown, lilacine grey, and black.

Abdomen brown. Fore wings: the basal halt brown, the

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 571

costa and veins black, and some black basally below cell ;

the inner margin at base clearer lilacine brown, limited by a

wavy black line, closely followed by a white spot at end of

cell ; the outer portion of wing lilacine grey thickly irrorated

with light brown; the postmedial line very faint, dark, in-

curved beyond cell and with white points on veins; the sub-

terminal line broken, very faint and indistinct. Hind wings :

the costal margin brown shaded with black, limited by a paler

line; the basal area below cell to near tornus brown ; the

outer margin broadly similar to fore wings. Underneath

light brown ; a blackish medial line on costal margin of hind

wings.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Sixola; Sept. Guapiles.

Claphe sonia, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax brown irrorated with buff scales.

Abdomen brown, with a darker subdorsal tuft at base. Fore

wings brown irrorated with buff, and darkest on medial space

and outer margin; small whitish basal spots ; dark subbasal

spots on costa and inner margin; the antemedial wavy, dark

brown, inwardly edged with whitish ; an irregular black spot

at end of cell ; the postmedial finely dentate, curved around

cell, partly edged outwardly with white, and followed by a

lunular buff outer line; a buff streak between veins 4 and 5;

subterminal dark brown spots, outwardly edged by curved

buff lines, and preceded between veins 5 and 7 by lilacine

white patches, and above vein 7 by a dark streak; fringe

brown and buff. Hind wings brown, the costal margin

mottled with grey and spotted with darker brown ; a short

whitish subterminal line at apex. ‘The costal margin of

hind wings short, slightly excavated, then oblique to vein 6,

beyond which it is rounded,

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Sixola; Sept. Juan Vinas, La Florida.

Claphe dormia, sp. n.

3. Body reddish brown, with some darker mottlings on

collar and thorax. Fore wings: the base, cell, and costa to

postmedial, a shade from cell to outer margin, and a broad

streak on costa before apex olivaceous brown, otherwise

whitish grey, irrorated with darker scales; an antemedial

and a postmedial row of whitish spots on veins, connected by

a fine dark line ; a subterminal irregular row of small dark

38*

572 Mr. W. Schaus on

spots ; a black spot at end of cell. Hind wings light brown ;

the costal margin darker, and with broad medial and post-

medial shades; a subterminal series of dark spots not

reaching anal angle. Underneath light brown, with traces

of dark subterminal spots.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; June. Sixola, Guapiles, Tuis.

Claphe canities, sp. n.

¢. Body olivaceous brown. Fore wings: the base to

discal spot whitish, irrorated with yellowish and olivaceous

brown scales to antemedial, which is fine, geminate, dark,

nearly straight; discal spot dark, linear; the outer portion

of wing olivaceous brown, with a nearly straight darker line

just beyond discal spot, followed by a broader irregular dark

shade ; the subterminal dark shade very broad, outwardly

curved at apex. Hind wings: the costal half whitish,

jrrorated with olivaceous brown, otherwise olivaceous brown ;

a medial dark shade, and a broad subterminal darker shade.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; Nov., Jan.

Claphe phyllis, sp. n.

3. Body dark brown, shaded with black on thorax. Fore

wings light brown; the costal half from base at submedian

to postmedial blackish, crossed by a broad Jight brown line,

and some antemedial white points ; the postmedial which is

coalescent with the black portion has white points on the

veins; a subterminal row of black spots, oblique, coalescing

on costal margin, followed by another black spot at apex of

costa. Hind wings duller brown ; the costal margin suffused

with black ; medial and submedial dark brown lines, edged

with grey on black portion. Underneath light brown; fore

wings with postmedial geminate line crossed by faint buff lines

on veins; subapical black spots; hind wings with a similar

postmedial line, though rather darker, also an interrupted

dark subterminal shade.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Tuis; Aug.

Claphe attenuata, sp. n.

Body light brown, the thorax and patagia posteriorly

darker. Fore wings dark brown ; a small brown spot below

cell near base ; a geminate antemedial fine dark line.shaded

Heterocera from Costa Rica, 573

with grey; a round velvety-black spot at end of cell ; a post-

medial dark line very fine, except on costa where it is curved

and oblique, slightly outeurved at vein 4, followed by a buff

shade ; beyond the space is lighter brown crossed by a broad

subterminal grey shade on which is a series of blackish-

brown spots and is preceded on costa by a dark brown shade.

Hind wings dark brown; a whitish streak on costa near apex.

E.xpanse 21 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

A specimen from Guapiles is lighter brown, with the

round diseal spot.

Specimens from Juan Vinas are still paler with all the

markings reduced, and the discal spot consisting of a dark

streak, :

Claphe jeba, sp. n.

3. Body reddish brown; the patagia with dark streaks.

Fore wings brown, heavily shaded with black and brown-

black at base, basally between veins 2 and 3, in cell, and

between veins 5 and 9 to subterminal ; an antemedial and a

medial brown line on costa; the postmedial geminate, very

oblique from costa, curved, interrupted between 5 and 6 by a

small pale spot, then very oblique inwardly, and wavy to

inner margin ; a light brown postmedial space between 3 and

5; a subterminal lunular blackish shade, edged with lilacine

grey, broadly so at apex. Hind wings brown; the outer

margin shaded with black, on which is a subterminal white

line, most noticeable at apex.

Expanse 23 mm.

The female has the black shading of fore wings less pro-

nounced, more smoky ; the hind wings blackish brown.

Expanse 30 mm.

Allied to C. libuttes, Druce, and C. marginata, Schs., but

very much darker,

Claphe indentata, sp. n.

3. Body light brown; darker subdorsal tufts on abdomen.

Wings light buff-brown. Fore wings: a whitish antemedial

spot, and below it a dark brown streak from base extending

to middle of wing along vein 2; a dark geminate antemedial

line from costa to vein 2 ; the outer portion of cell and space

between veins 2 and 6 to postmedial lilacine brown, with still

darker irrorations between 5 and 6 beyond cell; the post-

medial dark brown, much incurved at vein 2 to meet dark

line, followed closely by a lunular dark line and shade, both

574 Mr. W. Schaus on

obsolescent between 5 and 6; the subterminal space whitish,

crossed by a grey shade; the extreme margin shaded with

brown ; a dark line at base of fringe, interrupted at veins.

Hind wings: a subterminal curved grey shade.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Also allied to C. libnites, Druce, and C. marginata, Schs.

Besides the above new species, the following species of

Claphe were also found in Costa Rica:—phedonia, Stoll,

charax, Druce, laronia, Druce, amathuria, Druce, zurcheri,

Druce, thyatira, Druce, limba, Druce, larunda, Druce, lacinia,

Druce, albidifascia, Walk., albigrisea, Schs., modesta, Druce,

gera, Schs., marginata, Schs., guttularis, Waik., praxithea,

Druce, melancholica, Btl., vitripuncta, Schs., obliterata, Schs.,

rundala, Schs., consolabilis, Dyar, deusta, H.-S., libnites,

Druce, submarginalis, Walk.

Notodontide.

Nystalea guzmani, sp. n.

Palpi light grey in front, tipped with brown. Frons and

collar dull greyish black ; vertex shaded with buff. Thorax

brown; a whitish patch anteriorly on patagia. Abdomen

dark fuscous above, whitish buff underneath. Fore wings

olivaceous brown, a small black spot at base of cell, followed

by some fine, indistinct, wavy, dark transverse lines; an

antemedial whitish patch in cell and a streak above it on

costa ; a faint lunular, geminate, medial line, followed by a

dark brown oblique streak from costa to just below vein 2,

and a finer similar line ; spot at end of cell large, irregular,

outlined in white, preceded and followed by a little white; a

postmedial line and dark streaks, interrupted by some white

scales beyond cell, curved from costa to submedian vein ;

from postmedial to apex a broad white shade and some white

points on veins 2-4 ; a short black streak between veins 7

and 8 on white space; a fine, irregular, dark marginal line.

Hind wings fuscous, slightly whitish at base. Underneath :

fore wings dark grey ; costal margin white, with dark spots

towards apex; the outer margin shaded with grey and a

marginal dark line. Hind wings whitish; a broad dark

grey submarginal shade.

Expanse, ¢ 53, 9 56 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Lleterocera from Costa Rica. 575

Nystalea striata, sp. n.

Palpi buff, streaked with dark reddish brown. Head and

thorax reddish brown, shaded with buff anteriorly. Abdomen

above dull dark brown; an ochreous shade subdorsally at

base and a subdorsal pale line. Fore wings dark violaceous

brown, somewhat silky and thinly irrorated with lilacine

scales ; the inner margin narrowly light reddish brown ;

duller brown streaks between the veins ; darker transverse

lines in sets of three, wavy ; the basal lines only on costa, the

antemedial on costal margin and between vein 2 and sub-

median, the postmedial on costal margin and between vein 3

and submedian, though otherwise faintly visible; a faint

irregular brown spot at end of cell; a long spot on costa at

apex above vein 7, light brown streaked with reddish, and

with buff along 7 ; small, marginal, paired, dark brown spots

between veins. Hind wings fuscous, somewhat whitish at

base.

Expanse, g 58, 2 56 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Port Limon.

Nystalea discalis, sp. n.

3. Head and collar rufous, with paler lines and darker

patches on collar. Thorax similar, the patagiz grey irrorated

with brown. Abdomen dull brown; buff lateral patches at

base; anal segment rufous. Fore wings light grey; the

inner margin shaded with brownish grey ; the veins spotted

with black, except on medial space and towards apex ; a

faint basal and three fine subbasal lines ; three antemedial

lines, most heavily maiked above and below cell, and shaded

with rufous brown ; at end of cell an almost triangular black

line, with a short black line projecting towards base ; a faint

postmedial grey line, followed by three rows of grey trans-

verse streaks between the veins, heaviest between veins 2

and 4; a subterminal rufous-brown shade from vein 7 to

inner margin; marginal black spots preceded by smaller

paired spots between the veins; fringe grey, with brown

spots between veins. Hind wings fuscous, the base and

discal area somewhat whitish; the veins dark; the fringe

pale buff. Underneath: the fore wings are brown, shaded

with reddish subterminally ; a buff streak below costa; the

outer margin greyish, with the veins buff. The hind wings

whitish ; the veins and outer margin fuscous ; the costal

margin broadly rufous brown; buff terminal shades, especially

at apex.

576 Mr. W. Schaus on

Expanse 60 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Allied to N. nyseus, Cr., and guttulata, Schs.

Nystalea nyseus collaris, subsp. n.

&. Differs from WV. nyseus, Cr., in having the head and

collar dark velvety brown, almost black.

Expanse 57 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas; June.

Pentobesa placida, sp. n.

Palpi and frons dark brown and buff. Vertex, collar,

thorax, and abdomen buff-grey, the latter with transverse

darker bands. Fore wings greyish buff, irrorated with

violaceous-brown scales, especially in cell and along costal

margin ; a dark streak on inner margin from base to post-

medial; a dark streak on discocellular; the postmedial

punctiform, indistinct; indistinct paired brown streaks

between veins from cell to outer margin ; a terminal row of

darker spots, preceded by fine dark lunular lines, very in-

distinct ; an oblique subterminal dark line above vein 3.

Hind wings whitish, the outer margin narrowly fuscous.

Expanse, ¢ 36 mm.

The female is darker and more distinctly marked, the hind

wings more smoky white. 7

Expanse 438 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas, Guapiles, Tuis.

Marthula rufescens, sp. n.

6. Palpi, head, and collar brown. Thorax deep velvety

reddish brown, the patagiez lilacine. Abdomen above dull

grey-brown, sublateral black tufts on last two segments.

Fore wings brown shaded with lilacine at base, on inner

margin, medially in and below cell, and on outer margin

below vein 3; costal margin medially broadly shaded with

reddish ; lines shaded with lilacine ; the subbasal inset on

costa, geminate from median to submedian ; the antemedial

and postmedial geminate, hardly visible on costa ; the sub-

terminal nearly straight ; a large linear spot at end of cell;

marginal dark spots between the veins. Hind wings brown.

Expanse, ¢ 35 mm.

?. The collar dark brown. The wings more uniformly

lilacine brown; no reddish shade on costa. Hind wings

fuscous brown, Underneath ; the fore wings are brown, the

Hleterocera from Costa Rica. 577

outer margin broadly greyish; the costal margin narrowly

shaded with buff.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Juan Vinas, El Sitio.

sake ;

Eragisa barnesi, sp. n.

Palpi, head, and thorax pale olivaceous shaded with brown.

Abdomen above brown, the last two segments olivaceous

grey; underneath ochreous, Fore wings light olivaceous

shaded with darker olive; from base of costa a roseate

brown line, irregularly oblique and edged with dark oliva-

ceous to inner margin and also to costa, connected by a

straighter fine dark line ; an antemedial, fine, lunular, oliva-

ceous line, followed by a roseate brown band edged with dark

brown, slightly oblique and dentate on inner margin ; an

irregular linear spot at end of cell, and above it a dark oblique

line trom costa joining a dentate dark olivaceous line from

costa to inner margin, which is followed by a roseate brown

band, straight from costa to inner margin near tornus ; this is

partly shaded with white, outwardly edged with dark brown,

and closely followed by another dentate dark olivaceous line ;

a marginal dark shade emitting streaks on veins, and heaviest

between veins 4 and 5; a terminal brown line, interrupted

by the veins, outwardly edged with white and followed by

dark olivaceous spots. Hind wings dark brown; some

yellowish hairs at base ; the outer margin finely and fringe

pale yellow ; traces of a dark medial line angled above anal

angle, where it is darker, and edged below with a small

whitish spot and dark point. Underneath violaceous brown,

the base ochreous, the outer margins yellowish.

Expanse, ¢ 57, 2? 65 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, El Sitio, Guapiles, Sixola.

Named after Mr. J. Barnes, who assisted me in my

discoveries. ;

Eragisa juvenis, sp. n.

Palpi dark velvety brown, streaked in front with grey;

third joint also grey. Head and thorax grey. Abdomen

above fuscous ; a subdorsal white line ; last segments whitish

grey. Fore wings grey-white, thinly irrorated with dark

scales; a dentate, fine, dark, antemedial line, outwardly

oblique from costa to middle of inner margin, with an ochreous

point on subcostal; a small white spot at end of cell; a

postmedial dark spot on costa, followed by a fine dark line,

incurved beyond cell, indentate on vein 2, outwardly edged in

578 Mr. W. Schaus on

places with bright yellow ; a marginal dark line, interrupted

by the veins, straight from apex to vein 3, then wavy. Hind

wings brown ; the fringe white. Underneath fuscous shaded

with white on extreme margins.

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Eragisa nox, sp. n.

S. Head, thorax, and last segments of abdomen above

blue-black ; abdomen otherwise dark brown, with dark sub-

dorsal tufts basally, and some ochreous shadings at base

underneath. Fore wings blue-black; small brownish spots

along costa; a faint antemedial line, outwardly oblique from

costa across cell ; a vague discal spot partly outlined with

light brown ; some postmedial velvety. points between veins,

the largest between 2 and 4, followed by a fine geminate

line barely discernible ; a very faint subterminal dull shade ;

small marginal dark velvety-brown spots inwardly shaded

with lighter brown ; a terminal dark brown line, with taint

brown points on fringe at tips of veins. Hind wings dark

brown ; some luteous hairs at base and on inner margin; a

dark spot at angle cut by a pale line. Underneath dull dark

brown; light brown spots on outer half of costa of fore wings ;

the base of hind wings below costa ochreous.

Expanse, ¢ 62 mm.

The female more of a dull dark brown ; the discal spot

ochreous ; the postmedial with white points on veins; the

subterminal more distinct, tinged with buff. Hind wings

with the fringe pale ochreous. Underneath the outer margins

are narrowly yellowish buff.

Expanse 64 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Guapiles.

Farigia albicans, sp. n.

8. Body above mottled brown and white, producing a

greenish effect. Fore wings white thinly irrorated with

brown; some brown and green at base below cell; the inner

margin narrowly light green; a fine greyish geminate line

from middle of costa, inwardly oblique to below cell, then

wavy ; a black point at end of cell, closely followed by a fine

greyish curved line to middle of inner margin; the post-

medial fine, dark, geminate filled in with light green, which

extends slightly beyond it; a grey-brown shade on costa

beyond postmedial ; a shade between veins 3 and 4 and a

broad terminal similar shade between 4 and 6; a dark

Tleterocera from Costa Rica, 579

marginal line oblique subapically, nearly straight from 6 to

4, then inset in interspaces below ; fringe grey-brown spotted

with white. Hind wings light brown; the fringe terminally

white. Underneath dirty white; the costa of fore wings

broadly shaded with brown ; the outer margin irrorated with

brown.

Expanse, ¢ 40 mm.

The female is more heavily irrorated with grey, the lines

rather coarser. Underneath both wings are thickly irrorated

with brown.

Expanse, 2 53 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Farigia foliata, sp. n.

3. Palpi whitish in front, dark brown laterally. Head,

collar, and thorax whitish mottled with brown. Abdomen

above daik brown irrorated with grey. Fore wings green ;

the lines and veins on outer margin dark brown ; basal third

of costal margin to just below cell whitish irrorated with

brown, crossed by a dentate basal line and limited by a

geminate line inwardly oblique from costa to median vein,

then inset and wavy to inner margin; the postmedial wavy,

geminate, excurved and very indistinct, followed by a dark

shade below costa, on vein 6, and between veins 3 and 4;

a lunular marginal line; fringe dark brown. Hind wings

dull dark brown, the fringe terminally whitish. Underneath

brown ; a smoky shade on disk of fore wings and a broad

medial darker brown shade on hind wings.

Expanse, ¢ 44 mm.

The female has the basal white patch suffused with grey

and brown, so that it is almost obliterated.

Expanse 56 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, El Sitio, Tuis.

Farigia tulana, sp. n.

3. Palpi brown, irrorated with white in front. Head,

collar, and thorax white, with a few brown hairs. Abdomen

above brown, the terminal segments irrorated with grey.

Fore wings: the base brownish, followed by a large white

pie on costal margin and cell, extending slightly below it,

imited by a curved daik brown line, heavily marked just

below cell, and partly geminate ; the inner margin broadly

shaded with light green and mottled with brown scales ;

above vein 2 and outwardly the wing is greyish brown,

with a darker patch at end and just beyond end of cell, also

580 Mr. W. Schaus on

irrorated with green ; the postmedial is dark brown, lunular,

barely curved, most heavily marked below vein 2 ; a marginal

dark line broken by veins. Hind wings light brown, with a

terminal darker shade. Underneath whitish brown, with

dark brown hairs on outer half of costa of hind wings.

Expanse, ¢ 32 mm.

The female has the outer margin beyond postmedial

whitish grey.

Expanse, 2? 44 mm.

Farigia moresca, sp. 0.

Palpi buffish in front, dark brown behind. Head, eollar,

thorax, and subdorsal tufts on abdomen dark reddish brown,

mottled with white hairs. Abdomen above reddish brown

irrorated with grey, underneath luteous. Fore wings dull

brown-grey shaded with green at base, along inner and outer

margin, and on antemedial and postmedial lines, which are

geminate, blackish, and rather ill-defined ; a subbasal dark

spot below cell; a dark shade between veins 3 and 4 and a

dark costal patch beyond postmedial, all irrorated with green ;

a brown spot at end of cell; a marginal irregular black line,

very marked; fringe dark brown, with buff spots at end of

veins. Hind wings dark brown; the fringe terminally whitish

spotted with white. Underneath brown, the spots on fringe

more distinct.

Expanse, ¢ 48, 9 52 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Guapiles, Sixola, Tuis.

Eustema sericea, sp. n.

&. Legs and head black-grey. Thorax and abdomen

rufous brown, the latter with transverse ochreous lines poste-

riorly on segments. Wings silky grey, the veins somewhat

darker. Fore wings: a faint postmedial dark grey shade

slightly curved below costa. Hind wings: some brownish

hairs on inner margin.

Expanse 57 mm.

Hab. El Sitio, Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Allied to EHustemides carama, Druce, in appearance, but

belonging to genus Hustema.

Heterocampa mullinst, sp. n.

&. Palpi buff, outwardly shaded with green. Head green,

with black shadings on vertex. Collar green, with white

seales posteriorly. ‘lhorax brown; patagia green. Abdomen

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 581

brown above, with subdorsal green tufts, large on second

segment; last two segments paler; ventrally whitish. Fore

wings dark green; a large brown space from end of cell, not

reaching costa, extending to vein 2, and limited by a sub-

terminal darker brown irregular and angular shade, crossed

by the brown discocellular streak, and a geminate postmedial

lunular line ; some fine black basal lines; at a third from

base on costa a deeply dentate, geminate, dark line to middle

of inner margin; a broad dark brown streak on basal half of

inner margin; the subterminal preceded on inner margin by

a short white streak; an interrupted terminal black streak ;

dark spots on fringe at ends of veins. Hind wings white ;

_ the costa broadly brown, crossed by a dark postmedial shade

and a pale subterminal line; the inner margin tinged broadly

with dark buff; a terminal dark line; fringe buff, green at

apex.

Expanse 46 mm.

9. The outer margin of hind wings fuscous.

Expanse 60 mm. .

flab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Sixola.

This fine species is named after Mr. W. E. Mullins,

manager of the northern railway of Costa Rica, to whom I

am greatly indebted for innumerable kindnesses.

Heterocampa editha, sp. n.

Legs reddish brown and buff, streaked in front with dark

brown and green; fore coxe steel-grey. Palpi green in

front, dark reddish brown behind and laterally. Head

greenish. Collar and thorax brown, the patagia shaded with

green. Abdomen light reddish brown above, a large blackish

subdorsal tuft at base. Fore wings pale green; the basal

third dark violaceous brown, mottled with green and black,

limited by a reddish-brown line, slightly oblique outwardly

from costa, and closely followed by an irregular fine darker

line ; a fine, dark, dentate medial shade, interrupted by an

irregular pale buff spot at end of cell, containing two dark

points on discocellular ; a postmedial, reddish-brown, lunular,

partly geminate line ; an oblique greyish shade from below

end of cell to outer margin just above tornus; a dark shade

on costa from postmedial to near apex, with four pale points ;

a subterminal fine shade, dark near costa, interrupted below

vein 4, consisting of two dark spots above submedian,

and followed by a dark grey-black shade above vein 4; a

marginal brown shade. Hind wings yellowish white, the

veins and margins shaded with light reddish brown ; a faint

582 Mr. W. Schaus on

postmedial line and some darker scales on inner margin near

angle.

Expanse 44 mm.

The female has the line on hind wings more distinct and

the outer margin broadly light reddish brown.

Expanse 59 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, El Sitio, Tuis.

Heterocampa vivida, sp. n.

Palpi light brown, a dark streak behind. Head green.

Tegula and patagia green, partly edged with buff-brown.

Thorax brown. Abdomen above greyish brown. Fore

wings rich green; the lines brown, -partly shaded with buff

and dark brown; a curved basal line and streak on base of

inner margin; the antemedial very dentate; the postmedial

lunular, oblique from costa, then nearly straight to inner

margin ; a large whitish spot at end of cell, crossed by dark

discocellular ; subterminal brown spots, broadly shaded with

whitish, basally dentate towards costa; terminal white points;

fringe brownish, with darker spots. Hind wings whitish,

the veins dark; the costal margin green, crossed by a

whitish line near apex, which continues as a faint greyish

postmedial line; the outer margin irrorated with dark grey,

which spreads over nearly the entire wing in the female ;

fringe buff, with dark points.

Expanse, ¢ 46, 2? 53 mm.

Hab. El Sitio, Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Heterocampa hemicera, sp. n.

3. Head and thorax lilacine brown; the patagia tipped

with grey. Abdomen above dark dull brown, the anal seg-

ment and tufts greyish fawn. Fore wings fawn-colour ; the

costal margin shaded with lilacine; the outer margin below

vein 4 shaded with grey, and a similar shade at base below

cell; a lilacine grey shade from postmedial to apex; a fine

dark streak along median ; two dark points on discocellular,

the lower one edged with white; a basal geminate inner and

an outer oblique brownish shade on costa, the commencement

of lines, the outer line curving around end of cell and faintly

visible to inner margin; a faint geminate postmedial line,

punctiform on veins; from vein 2 a dark reddish-brown

shade to apex extending to outer margin above vein 4 ; on

this dark shade the veins are blackish; fringe fawn-colour.

Hind wings dull dark brown, the fringe luteous.

Expanse, ¢ 40, ¢ 45 mm.

FTeterocera from Costa Rica. 583

In the female the dark shade from vein to apex is some-

what suffused with violaceous black.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola, Tuis, Guapiles.

hRifargia nebulosa, sp. n.

3. Body grey above, white underneath ; a reddish-brown

shade posteriorly on collar. Fore wings grey, palest in

discal area and thinly irrorated with brown; a black basal

line, angled on subcostal, followed by a brown spot on costal

margin; a fine dark geminate antemedial line, wavy, in-

dentate on submedian; a large, linear, irregularly lunular

spot at end of cell; the postmedial geminate, lunular, dark

brown, curved beyond cell, followed by broad brown shadings,

especially towards costa and apex ; a dark marginal wavy

line and dark brown streaks on veins beyond postmedial.

Hind wings white ; a dark grey shade on inner margin ; the

outer margin narrowly grey. Underneath white; dark

streaks on veins towards apex of fore wings.

Expanse, 36 mm.

?. More uniformly grey, with brown costal spot near

base ; the subapical shadings more reddish brown; the hind

wings more greyish, with the veins on outer margin more

heavily marked with grey.

Expanse 41 mm.

Hab. Avangarez.

Another female from the same locality has both wings

smoky grey ; the fore wings darker, with faint traces of the

discal spot and subterminal brown shadings; the marginal

line is alone distinct.

Expanse 44 mm.

A female from Tuis has the body above and fore wings

black, some white at base of antenne ; the end of cell and

space beyond to subterminal shade white, from veins 2-7

crossed by a blackish shade in end of cell and between 4

and 6; the hind wings are white, the veins terminally and

margins narrowly black,

Expanse 44 mm.

This last form may be a distinct species, for which I

propose the name of medioclara.

Lt. nebulosa is allied to R. feldert, Schs., and R. bichorda,

Hamps.

Naprepa flexifera, sp. n.

Head and thorax dark violaceous brown, irrorated with

black and buffish-grey scales, the latter on tips of thoracic

584 On Heterocera from Costa Rica.

tufts. Abdomen above brown; a dark subdorsal spot at

base. Fore wings brown tinged with violaceous, somewhat

paler on inner margin; a very deeply dentate inner line,

fine, black, inwardly shaded with lighter brown in cell, and

outwardly so shaded below cell; a large irregular spot at end

of cell finely outlined with whitish buff; a somewhat similar

outer line crossed by a dark wavy postmedial shade curved

around cell; on outer angles of outer line clusters of black

and light brown scales, connected by a wavy light brown

shade, and a white line above submedian ; a dark shade

between 3 and 4; a wavily dentate light brown line, partly

shaded outwardly with dark brown; terminal diverging

black streaks at ends of veins. Hind wings brown; some

light brown shadings at anal angle surmounted by a white

and a black streak ; a terminal black line, cut by the veins,

which are buff at their tips; fringe light brown. Under-

neath the abdomen and wings are buff, irrorated with brown

except on discal area of fore wings, which is light fuscous

without irrorations.

Expanse, ¢ 98, 2? 108 mm.

This species is very close to Naprepa houla, Dyar, and I

should hardly have considered it distinct had a specimen not

been labelled by him as new.

PROCOLAX, gen. nov.

Differs from Colaz, Hiibn., in having vein 10 on fore

wings from beyond 7, and the female has the antenne

fasciculate.

Procolax apulana, sp. n.

g. Head and abdomen above grey-black; collar dark

grey-brown. Thorax lilacine buff, the patagia reddish

brown. Abdomen underneath brownish. Fore wings

reddish brown, the veins partly black; the costal margin

dark brown and black irrorated with buff scales; the lines

dark brown ; the basal nearly straight, followed by a broad

dark shade; the antemedial slightly excurved; the post-

medial nearly straight, somewhat lunular below vein 4; a

medial dark shade from costa, widening on inner margin;

the inner margin narrowly shaded with lilacine ; a long silver

streak on discocellular containing a reddish-brown streak ; a

small silver spot in cell medially below subcostal; a sub-

terminal lilacine shade, somewhat incurved below vein 4 to

tornus, beyond which the outer margin is shaded with lilacine

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 585

and dark grey, the latter forming terminal blotches irregu-

larly defined by a fine whitish line, edged with silver at apex ;

vein 4 beyond postmedial rather heavily shaded with black.

Hind wings soiled white, thinly scaled ; the costal and inner

margins broadly fuscous, the outer margin narrowly so.

Expanse, ¢ 77, 9 94 mm.

Some specimens are considerably smaller,

Hab, Juan Vinas, Tuis.

LXUI.—Rhynchotal Notes.—LIU. By W. L. Disranr.

Australasian Pentatomide (concluded from p. 481),

MYAPPENA, gen. nov.

Head about as long as broad between eyes, the lateral

lobes considerably divergently spinously produced in front

of the apex of the central lobe, the lateral lobes are also

longly longitudinally produced from near their base to the

base of the first jomt of the antenne; ocelli near eyes;

antenniferous tubercles prominently spinous externally ;

antenne four-jointed, first joint stoutest, sparingly strongly

hirsute, longly produced in front of head, second joint about

twice as long as first, third and fourth subequal, each much

shorter than second; pronotum about half as long as breadth

between the lateral angles, the lateral margins strongly

sinuate and in front of the posterior angles dentate, the

angles shortly obtusely spinously subprominent, basal margin

truncate in front of scutellum, anterior margin slightly con-

eave; scutellum much longer than broad at base, the apical

area attenuated, a small black foveate spot at each basal

angle; corium about as long as pronotum and scutellum

together, the lateral margins a little rounded, the apical

margins oblique ; membrane passing the abdominal apex,

the veins longitudival ; rostrum passing the anterior coxa,

first joint about or almost reaching base of head, second and

third joints subequal in length; abdominal segments 1-5

with a transverse strigose vitta behind the spiracles ; legs

moderately long, posterior legs longest, posterior femora

sulcate beneath and with two short spines near apex ; tarsi

triarticulate,

This genus appertains to the group of genera distinguished

as Platycoraria, Bergr. (a name since altered by Kirkaldy to

Diemeniini).

sinn. & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 39

586 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

Myappena capito, sp. n.

Pale castaneous, thickly mottled with ochraceous, dis-

tinctly coarsely punctate; pronotum with a submarginal

black line to the lateral margius, the margins of the cicatrices

levigate ochraceous ; scutellum with a black foveate spot at

each basal angle, its apex narrowly pale ochraceous ; mem-

brane hyaline, reflecting the darker abdomen beneath, the

veins darker; antenne pale castaneous, extreme bases of

third and fourth joints paler; body beneath and legs pale

ochraceous; a submarginal line to prosternum, apices of

lateral lobes of head beneath, a spot on each side of pro- and

mesosterna, and apex of rostrum black; lateral margins of

abdomen beneath testaceous red; legs thickly finely spotted

with testaceous, tibiz distinctly pilose; prosternum more or

less distinctly darkly punctate ; other structural characters

as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 8-103 mm.

Hab. Queensland; Peak Downs.

Genus MEnIpa.

Menida, Motsch. Et. Ent. x. p. 23 (1861).

Type, M. violacea, Motsch. :

Menida spectabilis, sp. n.

Broadly ovate, somewhat convex above; head broad, sub-

truncate anteriorly, ochraceous, somewhat thickly brownly

punctate; antennz pale ochraceous, the apical joint (ex-

cluding base) fuscous ; pronotum ochraceous, brownly punc-

tate, the sublateral areas broadly suffused with black, extreme

lateral margins pale ochraceous, on basal marginal area four

large irregular black spots, somewhat fasciate in appearance,

on central disk two small conspicuous black spots ; scutellum

ochraceous, brownly punctate, two central black fused spots

at middle of basal margin, and a smaller one on each lateral

margin near apex, a small levigate ochraceous spot at each

basal angle; corium black, coarsely punctate, apical half of

clavus and apical area of corium ochraceous, more or less

blackly punctate, a prominent levigate ochraceous spot on

disk at about one-third from apical margin; membrane

greyishly subhyaline; body beneath and legs pale ochra-

ceous, disk of metasternum blackly punctate, a small black

spot on each side of pro- and mesosterna, spiracles blackish ;

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 587

rostrum slightly passing the intermediate coxe, its apex

black.

Long. 8 mm.; exp. pronot. ang]. 5 mm.

Hab. Queensland ; Mackay (R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus.).

Menida inconstans, sp. n.

Ovate, moderately elongate ; ochraceous, thickly piceously

punctate; head less darkly punctate ; antennz ochraceous,

third, fourth, and fifth joints with their apical areas more or

less fuscous, first joint about or almost reaching apex of

head, second scarcely longer than first, third longest, longer

than either fourth or fifth, which are subequal in length;

pronotum with a levigate whitish fascia between the pronotal

angles, behind this fascia a transverse series of four black

spots sometimes very indistinct, the lateral margins narrowly

palely levigate ; scutellum with some irregular black spots

on basal margins, in some specimens these are very indistinct,

a small black spot on each side of lateral margin near apex,

which has its margin pale ochraceous ; corium coarsely

punctate; membrane hyaline, passing abdominal apex ; body

beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; intermediate and posterior

femora annulated with fuscous near apex, pro- and meso-

sterna more or less blackly punctate, a central blackish spot

on apical abdominal segment: rostrum about or nearly

reaching posterior cox; basal abdominal spine extended

between the posterior cox.

Var. a.—The transverse pale levigate fascia to the pro-

notum replaced by a transverse series of very irregular pale

levigate spots.

Var. b—Pronotum with the transverse series of black

spots on basal area, but without either the transverse pale

levigate fascia or spots.

Long. 64-84 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 44 mm.

Hab. Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to M, continuus, Walk., from the island of Mysol.

VANDIEMENIA, gen. nov.

Head about as long as broad at base, lobes equal in length,

lateral margins sinuate, the lateral lobes obliquely rounded

at their apices, eyes large and prominent at base of head,

scarcely reaching the anterior angles of the pronotum;

antennz robust, first joint not quite reaching apex of head,

second, third, fourth, and fifth joints almost subequal in

length; pronotum twice as broad as long, declivous ante-

riorly, basal margin concavely sinuate, anterior margin

‘ 39*

588 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

truncate, lateral margins oblique, slightly rounded, lateral

angles subprominent, rounded ; scutellum longer than broad,

its apex rounded; corium as long as head and pronotum

together; membrane passing the abdominal apex, the veins

longitudinal; rostrum passing the posterior coxz, first joint

not reaching base of head, second extending to anterior

cox, third to intermediate cox ; sternal process not ex-

tending beyond anterior margin of prosternum, apically

rounded and depressed to margin of prosternum; legs of

moderate length, somewhat robust, femora distinctly thick-

ened, posterior tarsi with the basal joint a little shorter than

second and third joints together; sixth abdominal segment

centrally long, apical segment short, broad, posteriorly

concavely sinuate.

Allied to Diaphyta by the large size of the head, but

differing in the structure of the sternal process, which is

more laminate, raised, and roundly arched at termination, as

is found in the genera arranged with Rhynchocoris.

Vandiemenia tasmani, sp. n.

Pale testaceous; lateral margins of head and margins of

the central lobe (narrowly and not reaching apex) black ;

antennee brownish ochraceous, fourth and fifth joints black ;

pronotum with the basal area sometimes suffused with

blackish; lateral and apical margins of the scutellum

narrowly black, sometimes obsoletely so. towards apex;

membrane pale fuliginous, subhyaline, reflecting the dark

abdomen beneath; body beneath and legs pale testaceous,

apices of tibize and the tarsi infuscate; a spot near anterior

and intermediate acetabula, spots to connexivum (above and

beneath) at segmental apices, and apex of rostrum black ;

upper surfaces of tibize thickly minutely spotted with black ;

head finely wrinkled; pronotum sparingly punctate, ex-

cluding the cicatricial areas, a distinct transverse series of

strong punctures before the anterior margin, the lateral

margins narrowly levigate and slightly reflexed; scutellum

sparsely punctate, more strongly so on lateral margins and

apical area; corium thickly finely punctate ; other structural

characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long., ¢ 104, ¢ 12 mm.; exp. pronot. angl., g 6,

9 7 mm.

Hab. Tasmania; Launceston (Brit. Mus.).

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 589

Genus Morna.

Morna, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak, Férh, 1867, p. 521.

Type, M. cornuta, Hagl.,=Jleucospila, Walk.

Morna leucospila.

Cuspicona leucospila, Walk. Cat. Het. ii. p. 887 (1867).

Kirkaldy, in his recent Catalogue, has placed this species

as a synonym of M. agressor, Fabr. These two species are,

however, quite distinct and not likely to be confused.

C. leucospila is a smaller species, with the posterior pronotal

angles more longly produced and more acute, and the

scutellum is narrower. The type of M. agressor is in the

Banksian collection, and with it I have compared the type

of Walker’s species.

Genus Cuspicona,

Cuspicona, Dall, List Hem. i. p. 296 (1851).

Type, C. thoracica, Westw.

Cuspicona splendidula, sp. n.

Bright ochraceous; basal area of pronotum (including the

lateral angles), a broad marginal fascia on each side of

scutellum (not reaching base, but united and occupying

apex), terminal abdominal spines (above and beneath), and

the posterior angles of the prosternum sanguineous; head

finely granulose ; antenne pale ochraceous, basal joint not

quite reaching apex of head, second and tiird subequal in

length, fourth and fifth thickened and subequal, apical area

of third also thickened ; pronotum thickly finely punctured,

the lateral angles somewhat straightly and strongly angu-

larly produced ; scutellum sparsely finely punctate, more

thickly so in the sanguineous areas; corium more coarsely

punctate ; membrane pale hyaline, reflecting the sanguineous

hue of the abdomen beneath it; sternal process reaching

base of head; abdomen beneath with a central longitudinal

ridge.

Long. 104 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 7 mm.

Hab. Queensland (Brit. Mus.).

This beautiful species has no more precise locality than

the above. It was purchased with other insects from

Queensland in 1872.

590 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

Genus PEGALA.

Pegala, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1867, p. 522.

Type, P. biguttula, Hagl.

Pegala figulina, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and scutellum pale shining olivaceous

green, with more or less ochraceous mottling ; corium

brownish ochraceous, with piceous punctures : membrane

pale brownish, subhyaline, reflecting the dark abdomen

beneath ; body beneath pale testaceous, with darker and

paler mottlings, the most prominent of the paler ones

forming an indistinct and irregular submarginal abdominal

fascia, the lateral abdominal margins olivaceous, lateral

marginal areas of the prosternnum broadly pale virescent, the

lateral prosternal angles reddish testaceous ; legs testaceous,

the femora more or less prominently spotted with black ;

head finely transversely wrinkled, the central lobe ante-

riorly dull ochraceous, margined with piceous; antennz

ochraceous, first joint not quite reaching apex of head,

second distinctly longer than first, a little shorter than either

third, fourth, or fifth, which are subequal in length; pro-

notum with a few scattered coarse punctures, the lateral

angles subprominent ; scutellum sparsely coarsely punctate,

more closely punctate on lateral areas; corium thickly

coarsely punctate ; sternal process reaching base of head ;

rostrum not quite reaching posterior coxze ; apical abdominal

spines prominent.

Long. 12-13 mm.

Hab. North Queensland (Kelsall, Brit. Mus.).

KoocopatHa, gen. nov.

Body broadly subovate ; head about as long as broad at

base including eyes, lobes of equal length, the apex broad

and roundly truncate, lateral margins oblique and sinuate,

eyes large and prominent, not extending beyond the anterior

angles of the pronotum and distinctly separated from them

posteriorly, ocelli in a line with the middle of the eyes and

much nearer to them than to each other; antennz five-

jointed, first joint almost but not quite reaching apex of

head, second aud third joints longer and subequal in length,

each shorter than fourth or fifth, which are also subequal;

pronotum twice as broad between lateral angles as medially

long, lateral margins oblique and moderately reflexed, ante-

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 591

rior angles subprominent, lateral angles subprominent and

obtusely toothed, anterior margin concave, callous, and poste-

riorly defined at its middle area by a transverse series of

punctures, posterior margin almost straight, the posterior

angles very slightly roundly subprominent; scutellum as

long as broad, depressed a little beyond base, apex rounded ;

corium about as long as head and pronotum together, the

costal margin a little convex ; membrane passing abdominal

apex, veins numerous and longitudinal, sometimes one or

two furcate at apex; rostrum extending to the posterior

cox, first joint reaching base of head, second slightly

passing anterior cox, third reaching intermediate coxe,

sternal process not reaching apex of prosternum, anteriorly

roundly obliquely depressed, posteriorly excavately bispinous

for the reception of the apex of an abdominal basal tubercle ;

legs of moderate length, tarsi somewhat long, posterior tarsi

with the basal joint almost as long as the remaiuing joints

together; odoriferous orifice distinctly curved.

Allied to Pegala, Stal*, but with the head broader and

apex truncate, eyes distinctly removed from the anterior

angles of the pronotum, proportional length of the antennal

joints different, apex of scutellum rounded, not acute.

Koogobatha mirabilis, sp. n.

Colour bright and shining; head ochraceous, lateral

margins narrowly, a broad central longitudinal fascia (broken

posteriorly), and the base broadly black; antennz black ;

pronotum ochraceous, with three prominent black spots,

two (transverse) on anterior area, and the third rounded at

middle near base ; scutellum black ; corium black, its basal

angle ochraceous, and with a somewhat large reddish-

testaceous discal patch on the posterior area; membrane

black ; body beneath pale ochraceous, a central rounded

spot on each side of the process on mesosternum, a trans-

verse spot on each side of the sternal segments, and four

longitudinal series of spots to abdomen beneath (the largest

on each side of disk) black ; legs ochraceous, a broad annula-

tion on apical halves of femora, the whole of the tibiz and

the tarsi more or less black ; rostrum black ; head finely

transversely wrinkled on each lateral area ; pronotum very

finely and obscurely punctate ; scutellum sparsely punctate,

* In reference to the structural characters of Pegala, Stil, those

given by Haglund of the typical species P. guttuda (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1868,

p- 159), on which the genus is founded, should be consulted.

592 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomidee.

corium thickly coarsely punctate ; other structural characters

as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 14-17 mm.

Hab. Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Mycoopano, gen. nov.

Head subtriangular, about as long as breadth of head at

base including eyes, obliquely deflected, the central lobe

slightly projecting beyond the lateral lobes, lateral margins

distinctly sinuate; antenne five-jointed, basal joint not

reaching apex of head, second and third each longer than

first and subequal in length, each shorter than either fourth

or fifth, which are also subequal in length; pronotum

strongly obliquely declivous, basal margin concavely sinuate,

lateral angles strongly spinously produced, posterior angles

a little roundly prominent, lateral margins almost obliquely

straight; scutellum longer than broad at base, its apex not

angulate but rounded, the apical area distinctly narrowed ;

corium about as long as head and pronotum together; mem-

brane distinctly passing the abdominal apex ; sternal process

reaching the buccule, but not deflected to head; rostrum

slightly passing the intermediate coxe, first joint not reaching

base of head, second extending to anterior coxe, third

reaching to about midway between the anterior and inter-

mediate cox; apical angles of the sixth abdominal segment

strongly longly produced.

Allied to Hoffmanseggiella, Stal, but differing by the much

more attenuate and apically rounded scutellum ; central

lobe of head slightly projecting beyond the lateral lobes.

Mygoodano virescens, sp. n.

Bright, shining, olivaceous green; apical area of head

pale ochraceous ; antenne brownish ochraceous, the basal

joint paler, apical area of third and the whole of the fourth

and fifth joints more or less infuscate, apices of the pronotal

lateral angles black ; body beneath and legs pale virescent,

inclining to ochraceous in faded specimens ; rostrum, apical

area of sternal process beneath, and the tarsi brownish

ochraceous, tarsal claws and apex of rostrum black ; apical

spines to abdomen above and beneath reddish ochraceous,

with their inner margins and apices black; head finely

transversely wrinkled; pronotum coarsely punctate, more

finely punctate on basal and anterior areas, the lateral mar-

gins levigate, the lateral angles strongly spinously produced,

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide, 593

their apices distinctly curved backward ; scutellum some-

what thickly punctate, more coarsely so on basal area ;

corium thickly coarsely punctate; prosternum thickly punc-

tate ; other structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 10} mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 8 mm.

Hab, Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Genus VITELLUs.

Vitellus, Stil, Anu. Soc. Ent. Fr. (4) v. p. 170 (1867).

Type, V. insularis, Stal.

Vitellus bovillus, sp. n.

Olivaceous green ; head, anterior marginal area of pro-

notum, body beneath, and legs much paler, either pale

ochraceous or pale virescent ; antenne with the first and

second joints ochraceous, third, fourth, and fifth infuscate,

first not nearly reaching apex of head, second longer than

first, shorter than third; third, fourth, and fifth almost sub-

equal in length; head distinctly transversely wrinkled;

pronotum somewhat regularly punctate about two-thirds

from base, the anterior third impunctate, with a transverse

series of punctures behind the anterior margin but not

extending to the anterior angles, lateral angles long and

moderately recurved, about as long as breadth of scutellum

at base, black above and red beneath; scutellum sparsely

irregularly punctate, more thickly so on apical area ; corium

coarsely punctate, red at basal angle; membrane shining

brown ; rostrum just passing the posterior coxie, its apex

black ; a black spot before the odoriferous apertures ; apical

abdominal spines black, beneath red at base.

Long. 13-14 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 12-13 mm.

Hab. Queensland (/°. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

By the general shape and structure of the lateral pronotal

angles this species is allied to the Celebesian V. strenuus,

Walk., but in the latter the rostrum reaches the third abdo-

minal segmeut ; from the description of Walker it also

scems to be allied to his V. rufolinea.

. Vitellus taurus, sp. n.

Bright olivaceous green; lateral pronotal angles piceous,

their apices testaceous red; base of apical margin and a few

small spots at base of corium ochraceous ; apical abdominal

spines reddish ochraceous, their inner margins narrowly

black ; body beneath and legs pale virescent, inclining to

594 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

ochraceous ; antenne pale virescent, first jomt not nearly

reaching apex of head, second longer than first, a little

shorter than third; third, fourth, and fifth subequal in

length, the apical joint moderately infuscate; head trans-

versely wrinkled; pronotum somewhat thickly coarsely

punctate, the lateral angles strongly straightly produced ;

scutellum and corium thickly punctate; membrane hyaline

and passing abdominal apex ; rostrum reaching the base of

the fourth abdominal segment, its apex black.

Long. 163 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl. 12-13} mm.

Hab. New South Wales; Cumberland (Brit. Mus.).

Allied to V. antemna, Bredd., but differing in the shorter

rostrum &e.

Genus GARCEUs.

Garceus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xi. p. 434 (1898).

Type, G. fidelis, Dist.

Since I founded this genus on a single specimen the

British Museum has acquired a fair series of examples, and

I now amplify my description and in one respect correct it.

My specimen led me to suppose that the antenne were four-

jointed ; from the more perfect specimens now before me I

find that they are five-jointed.

Antenne composed of five joints, first not reaching apex

of head, second, fourth, and fifth longest and subequal in

length, third short, subequal to first; central lobe of head

about half its length, the lateral lobes united beyond it,

obtusely spinously dilated in front of the eyes ; scutellum a

little longer than head and pronotum together, becoming

distinctly more or less acuminate behind middle; greatest

length of corium a little shorter than pronotum and scutellum

together; membrane not quite reaching or slightly passing

the abdominal apex ; mesosternum between the anterior and

intermediate coxze with a transverse process, narrowing and

elevately terminating anteriorly between the anterior coxe,

and centrally longitudinally sulcate; between the inter-

mediate and posterior cox, but extending behind the last,

an elevated flat process, the base of which reaches the apex

of the second abdominal segment; odoriferous apertures

very distinct, transverse, somewhat short and apically a little

raised ; rostrum passing the anterior coxe, first joint not

quite reaching base of head, second extending to anterior

coxe, third and fourth joints short, subequal in length.

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 595

Garceus fidelis.

Garceus fidelis, Dist. Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xi. p. 485 (1898).

Long., do ?, 16-20 mm.

Hab. Queensland ; Townsville (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Peak Downs (Coll. Dist.).

In freshly coloured specimens the first, second, and third

joints and the base of the fourth joint of the antenne are

reddish testaceous.

Genus RorsBournea.

Roebournea, Schout. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1906, p. 144.

Type, R. diversa, Dist.

Roebournea diversa.

Basicryptus diversus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) vi. p. 223 (1900).

Phyllocephala tumidifrons, Van Duz. Bull. Amer. Mus. xxi. p, 211,

pl. vill. fig. 12 (1905).

Roebournea tumidifrons, Schout. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1906, p. 144.

Dalsira diversa, Kirk. Cat. Hem. (Heteropt.) p. 245 (1909).

Hab. W. Australia; Nicol Bay Distr. (Dr. Clement, Brit.

Mus.). Roebourne (Coll. Van Duzée). Swan River (Coll.

Dist.).

BorRicHIas, gen. nov.

Head with the lateral lobes longly, straightly projecting

beyond the central lobe in the form of two robust spines

with their apices subacute; ocelli at base, near eyes; an-

tenne five-jointed, first joint scarcely extending to halt the

length of the lateral lobes, first and second subequal in

length, third slightly longer than second and subequal to

fourth, fifth longest; pronotum about twice as broad at base

as medial length, the lateral angles produced in long, strong,

anteriorly directed spines, their apices subacute, lateral

margins before the lateral angles somewhat strongly dentate,

near middle a trausverse ridge, before which the disk is

declivous to anterior margin, which is slightly concave, basal

margin truncate; scutellum slightly longer than broad at

base, sinuate at middle, the apex broadly subtruncately

rounded, extending considerably over base of membrane ;

corium nearly as long as head and pronotum together, its

lateral margin convex; membrane not reaching apex of

abdomen, the veins more or less furcate ; connexivum ex-

posed ; rostrum robust, not extending beyond the anterior

596 Mr. Ww. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

coxe, first joint not extending beyond the buccule, which

are moderately raised and arched, second joint shorter than

fourth ; abdomen beneath convex; sternum with a narrow

arched process between the anterior and intermediate coxe ;

legs of moderate length, posterior femora slightly curved

and subegual in length to posterior tibiz; tarsi three-

jointed, posterior tarsi with the first joint almost as long as

the second and third together.

A geuus to be placed near Dalsira.

Borrichias taurus, sp. n.

Dull brownish ochraceous, blackly punctate; outer mar-

gins of the lateral lobes black, their apical areas paler and

almost impunctate ; antenne pale testaceous, first, second,

and third joints distinctly mottled with black; pronotum

blackly punctate, the lateral margins, margins of the lateral

angles, the medial transverse ridge, and the basal margin

pale ochraceous, impunctate, the sublateral margins and

submarginal lines to lateral angles black ; scutellum irregu-

larly sparsely blackly punctate, with a prominent longitudinal

medial fascia of dense black punctures not reaching apex,

bordered on each side by a pale levigate narrow area;

corium somewhat thickly darkly punctate, an inner black

streak near base of scutellum, and a longitudinal black line

on disk; membrane pale brown; connexivum with the

extreme lateral margins pale levigate ochraceous, inwardly

margined with black; body beneath and legs ochraceons,

sternum, lateral areas of abdomen, and the femora thickly

blackly punctate; rostrum with the apices of second and

third and the whole of the fourth joimt black; other

structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 19 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 12 mm.

Hab. Centr. Australia; Hermansburg (H. J. Hillier,

Brit. Mus. ).

EUPoLEMUS, gen. nov.

Ovately subelongate ; head longer than broad, central lobe

slightly longer than lateral lobes, lateral margins sinuate,

moderately narrowing to apex; antennz with the first joint

reaching or shightly passing the apex of the head, second

slightly shorter than first or subequal to it, third and fourth

subequal in length, each longer than fifth ; pronotum nearly

twice as broad at base as long, obliquely narrowing to eyes,

lateral margins strongly reflexed, lateral angles rounded, not

produced, anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 597

truncate ; scutellum longer than broad at base, obliquely

narrowing to about one-fourth from apex, and then more

suddenly narrowed to apex, which is subacute; corium

longer than head and pronotum together, connexivum ex-

posed from about half its length from base, membrane

slightly passing the abdominal apex ; buccule and first joint

of rostrum reaching base of head, second joint extending to

anterior coxe, third reaching to midway between the ante-

rior and intermediate cox, fourth not extended beyond the

intermediate cox; basal abdominal spine not produced

beyond the posterior cox ; mesosternum non-carinate, but

moderately centrally laminately elevate, prosternum obscurely

centrally broadly suleate; tarsi two-jointed, basal joint

moderately thickened.

Type, E. picturatus, Dist.

Allied to Adulites and Anubis.

Eupolemus picturatus, sp. n.

Ochraceous, darkly punctate; antenne testaceous red,

apices of third and fourth joints and the whole of the fifth

black ; head thickly darkly punctate (excluding an impune-

tate space before each eye), two obscure, central, short

testaceous lines at base; pronotum thickly darkly punctate,

extreme lateral margins and the areas of the cicatrices pale,

impunctate, a central spot on anterior area and a lateral

submarginal fascia black; scutellum more sparingly punc-

tate, the apex almost impunctate, an elongate black spot at

each basal angle, a shorter black spot interiorly, and between

them a levigate ochraceous spot ; corium posteriorly more or

less shaded with testaceous, thickly punctate, and with a

prominent black spot on each side of apex of scutellum ;

membrane dull greyish, more or less streaked with fuscous ;

connexivum spotted with black; body beneath ochraceous,

lateral marginal areas of prosternum ‘blackly punctate, two

central spots to mesosternum and a sublateral spot to both

meso- and metasterna black; rostrum more or less piceous,

apical joint of tarsi black ; structural characters as in generic

diagnosis.

Long. 6-7 mm.

Hab. Tasmania; Mount Wellington (Lea, Brit. Mus.).

Hobart (Brit. Mus.).

Eupolemus insularis, sp. n.

Head and pronotum ochraceous, thickly coarsely punctate,

lateral margins of pronotum and the areas of the cicatrices

598 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

pale levigate ochraceous ; antennz testaceous, apical joint

(excluding base) black ; scutellum pale stramineous, sparingly

punctate, a large punctate spot at the middle of base, and

the marginal punctures castaneous, an elongate black spot

at each basal angle; corium pale stramineous, its inner area

and the clavus more or less testaceous, a black spot at inner

angle on each side of apex of scutellum; membrane hyaline;

connexivum very finely spotted with black; body beneath

and legs pale ochraceous ; apex of rostrum black.

Long. 7-8 mm.

Hab. King Island (N. of Tasmania). Tasmania; Launces-

ton, Hobart (Brit. Mus.).

CENSORINUS, gen. nov.

Allied to Eupolemus, Dist., but with the scutellum broader

at base than long, subtriangular, almost equilateral to near

apex, where it is suddenly narrowed, the apex obtusely sub-

acute ; pronotum twice as broad as long; corium as long

but not longer than head and pronotum together.

Censorinus tasmanicus, sp. 0.

Pale greyish, thickly punctate, basal area of the scutellum

broadly transversely castaneous ; head thickly darkly punc-

tate, the lateral margins sinuate, the central lobe a little

longer than the lateral lobes ; antennez brownish ochraceous,

the fifth joint (excluding base) black, basal joint almost but

not quite reaching apex of head, first, second, and third

joints almost subequal in length; pronotum thickly finely

punctate, more sparingly so on basal area and not at all on

the areas of the cicatrices, lateral margius somewhat strongly

recurved and blackly punctate; scutellum sparsely punc-

tate, more densely punctate on the basal castaneous area ;

corium thickly punctate ; membrane hyaline, slightly passing

the abdominal apex; body beneath stramineous, legs pale

ochraceous ; abdomen beneath and lateral areas of the pro-

sternum thickly, rather coarsely punctate ; tarsi two-jointed,

posterior tarsi with the first joint slightly shorter than the

second.

Long. 7 mm.

Hab. Tasmania; Hobart (A. M. Lea, Brit. Mus.), Bruni

Islaud (Lea, Brit. Mus.).

Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide. 599

Genus AMPHACES.

Amphaces, Dall. List Hem. i. pp. 198 & 295 (1851).

Type, A. ferruginea, Dall.

Amphaces tibialis, sp. n.

Head ochraceous, coarsely transversely wrinkled, more or

less punctate, lateral margins in front of eyes distinctly

obtusely angulate, a somewhat raised and levigate spot near

inner margin of each eye, eyes black; antennz mutilated in

typical specimen, basal joint passing apex of head; pronotum

ochraceous, basal half more or less suffused with sanguineous

and irregularly wrinkled, coarsely punctate, more finely

punctate on anterior and lateral areas, the cicatrices pale

ochraceous and levigate ; scutellum reddish testaceous, with

two black spots at base in longitudinal series and continued

in a narrow subobsolete line to near apex, moderately thickly

punctate and irregularly finely wrinkled; corium brownish

ochraceous, thickly rather coarsely punctate, membrane sub-

hyaline, passing the abdominal apex, and with a prominent

shining black spot at the basal angle near apex of clavus;

body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, tibiz and tarsi more

or less piceous; rostrum with the second joint and apex

blackish and just passing the intermediate coxee ; abdominal

basal spine slightly passing the posterior coxe.

Long. 11 mm.

Hab, Tasmania ; Franklin (Com. Walker, Brit. Mus.).

Collected during the cruise of H.M.S. ¢ Penguin.’

Allied to A. proxima, Dall., from which it differs by the

more angularly dilated lateral margin of the corium, the

dark tibiz and tarsi.

Amphaces elongata, sp. nu.

Elongate ; pale testaceous, thickly punctate ; head some-

what finely punctate, the lateral margins concavely sinuate

and preceded by a linear series of darker punctures, in front

of eyes very obtusely angulate; antenne with the first and

second joints brownish ochraceous, third black, with its apex

pale ochraceous, fourth black, with base and apex pale ochra-

ceous, first joint longly passing apex of head, second longest

but not twice as long as third, which is shortest, tifth muti-

lated in typical specimen ; pronotum coarsely punctate, the

lateral margins preceded by black punctures; scutellum

600 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomida.

coarsely punctate, with a central, raised, longitudinal, levi-

gate line, not reaching base, a small pale levigate spot at

each basal angle; corium thickly coarsely punctate, more

sparingly so on inner area; membrane pale brownish ochra-

ceous, subhyaline, not passing the abdominal apex; con-

nexivum black, the last two segments purplish red, the

lateral and basal margins of all the segments pale ochra-

ceous ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; rostrum reaching

the posterior cox, its apex black ; abdominal basal spine

distinctly passing the posterior coxe.

Long. 114 mm. ; exp. pronot. angl.52 mm.

Hab. Tasmania; Launceston (F. M. Littler).

An elongate species, with the lateral margins of the

corium not dilated.

Mocuvs, gen. nov.

Head with the central lobe a little longer than the lateral

lobes, the lateral margins strongly reflexed and sinuate,

ocelli a little nearer eyes than to each other ; antenne five-

jointed, the first joint long, longly passing apex of head,

about as long as the pronotum, moderately curved, first and

second joints subequal in length, third shorter than second,

longer than fourth, apical joint moderately thickened, sub-

equal to fourth; pronotum slightly more than twice broader

between the lateral angles than medial length, the lateral

areas broadly and Jaminately expanded and a little directed

upwardly, their margins straightly oblique, the lateral

angles strongly produced and broadly acute, anterior margin

truncate, anterior angles slightly prominent ; posterior mar-

gin moderately concave ; scutellum about as long as broad

at base, subtriangular, the apex narrowed, not extending

beyond the base of the membrane ; corium about as long as

head and pronotum together, the apex angularly rounded ;

membrane passing abdominal apex; rostrum reaching the

base of the ventral spine, first joint extending beyond the

base of head, second reaching the intermediate coxe, third

and fourth almost subequal in length ; prosternum broadly

suicate, the sulcation margined on each side with a carinate

elevation ; abdominal ventral spine extending before the

anterior coxze ; abdomen beneath centrally longitudinally

ridged ; femora moderately thickened; tarsi two-jointed,

joints almost subequal in length.

Allied to Duadicus, but lateral margins of the pronotum

not crenulate and obliquely straight, not strongly sinuate ;

antennz longer and proportional lengths of joints different ;

first joint of rostrum passing base of head, &c.

Mr. W. L. Distant cn Australasian Pentatomide. 601

Mochus fortis, sp. u.

Head and pronotum testaceous, coarsely darkly punctate;

basal area of head, basal marginal area of pronotum (in-

cluding the lateral angles), and the areas of the pronotal

cicatrices black, the anterior half of the pronotal lateral areas

subhyaline, tale-like; scutellum black on basal and ochra-

ceous on apical area, both coarsely punctate, the middle

disk macularly stramineous and impunctate ; corium pale

testaceous, thickly, coarsely, darkly punctate, the apical area

distinctly paler, and a levigate ochraceous spot on posterior

disk ; membrane greyish, the longitudinal veins prominent ;

body beneath and legs ochraceous, sternum and submarginal

areas to abdomen more or less castaneous, apical margin

black ; sternum coarsely punctate ; other structural characters

as in generic diagnosis,

Long. 8 mm, ; exp. pronot. angl. 64 mm.

Hab. Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

Hiarcuas, gen. nov.

Head a little longer than broad, narrowed anteriorly, the

central lobe slightly longer than the lateral lobes, which are

outwardly moderately sinuate and reflexed; eyes not pro-

jecting beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum ; ocelli

nearer eyes than to each other; antenne robust, first joint

passing apex of head, second longest, third, fourth, and fifth

almost subequal in length, but fourth and fifth distinctly

incrassate ; pronotum about half as long as width at base,

the lateral margins oblique, slightly rounded, a little reflexed,

anterior margin strongly concave for the reception of the

head, lateral angles subangularly rounded, posterior margin

truncate before scutellum, posterior angles a little obliquely

rounded ; scutellum longer than broad at base, distinctly

narrowed at about one-third before apex; corium about as

long as pronotum and scutellum together, at base of lateral

margins a little ampliate, apical margins oblique, slightly

sinuate ; membrane passing abdominal apex ; rostrum robust,

extending to between the anterior and intermediate coxe,

buccule elevated, first rostral joint short, not extending

beyond apical half of head, second about reaching base of

head, third extending to the anterior cox; prosternum

broadly sulcate, ventral spine scarcely or slightly passing the

anterior cox ; tarsi two-jointed.

Type, H. crassicornis, Walk.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 40

602 Mr. W. L. Distant on Australasian Pentatomide.

Hiarchas crassicornis.

Stauralia crasstcornis, Walk. Cat. Het. ii. p. 877 (1867).

Hab. Adelaide.

Hiarchas terminalis.

Stauralia terminalis, Walk. Cat. Het. ii. p. 378 (1867).

Hab. Melbourne.

Genus STauRALIA.

Stauralia, Dall, List Hem. i. pp. 197 & 294 (1851).

Type, S. chloracantha, Dall.

Stauralia litileri, sp. n.

Body above testaceous red, margins of central lobe and

basal area of head, two large transverse spots on anterior

area of pronotum, body beneath, and legs ochraceous ; mem-

brane hyaline, distinctly passing abdominal apex ; head with

the lateral margins distinctly reflexed and inwardly blackish,

laterally transversely striate; antenne testaceous, about

apical half of fourth and the whole of fifth joint infuscate,

first joint distinctly passing apex of head, second longer than

third, fourth and fifth subequal in length; pronotum (ex-

cluding the ochraceous spots) thickly coarsely punctate and

more or less wrinkled, the lateral margins oblique and

distinctly reflexed, the lateral angles rounded ; scutellum

triangular, nearly equilateral, apex finely pointed and black,

thickly punctate and slightly wrinkled; corium thickly

coarsely punctate ; membrane hyaline and distinctly passing

abdominal apex ; ventral spine long, virescent and passing

the anterior cox ; rostrum virescent, reaching the posterior

coxz, its apex black, first joimt not quite reaching base of

head, second about reaching anterior coxe, third not quite

reaching intermediate coxe; abdomen beneath with a

central longitudinal ridge ; tarsi two-jointed, posterior tarsi

with the joints almost subequal in length.

Long. 8-10 mm.

Hab. Tasmania; Launceston (Littler).

Genus SasTRAGALA.

Sastragala, Amy. & Serv. Hist. Hém. p. 155 (1848).

Type, S. uniguttata, Don.

On Australian Murines hitherto referred to “ Mus.” 603

Sastragala versicolor, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and corium virescent ; lateral pronotal

angles and apical margin of corium black; posterior mar-

ginal area of pronotum and the scutellum castaneous brown ;

scutellum with a large discal cordate ochraceous spot; body

beneath and legs virescent or ochraceous, probably altogether

virescent in fresh specimens ; head with the lateral lobes

transversely wrinkled ; antennze greenish ochraceous, first

joint passing apex of head, second a little shorter than third,

which is almost subequal to fourth, apex of fourth infuscate,

fifth mutilated in type; pronotum somewhat sparingly

punctate, on basal area the punctures distinctly coarser, the

lateral angles somewhat longly subspinously produced and

distinctly recurved ; scutellum thickly punctate, the ochra-

ceous spot impunctate, extreme apex ochraceous and impunc-

tate; corium thickly punctate ; membrane hyaline, distinctly

passing the abdominal apex ; apical margin of abdomen above

black ; rostrum slightly passing posterior coxze ; mesosternal

process not passing anterior margin of prosternum nor

between the intermediate coxz posteriorly produced ; abdo-

minal spine produced between the posterior coxe ; abdomen

beneath centrally longitudinally ridged.

Long. 11 mm.; exp. pronot. angl. 74 mm.

. Hab. Queensland (F. P. Dodd, Brit. Mus.).

LXIV.—The Generic Arrangement of the Australian Murines

hitherto referred to “ Mus.” By OLDFIELD THoMaS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE recent separation by Mr. G. S. Miller* of the Mus

musculus group as a special genus, and the use of the name

Epimys for other rats previously called Mus, makes it a

pressing task to determine what restricted genera exist in

Australia and what their names should be. For to start

with calling them all Hpimys and then later on to have to

change their names again would be most inconvenient, so

that an immediate revision is called for. There is also a

special reason for the Australian forms being sorted, as

among them occurs the type of “ Psewdomys,” a name actually

* P. Biol. Soc, Wash. xxiii. p, 57 (1910).

40*

604 Mr. O. Thomas on the Australian Murines

earlier than Epimys, and until a reason could be shown for its

separation from the latter, the proper generic name of all

true rats from Mus rattus downwards would remain in

doubt.

I have not as yet been able to make any observations on

the characters and synonymy of the species, but have simply

taken all the types and authentic specimens in the Museum

and grouped them in genera. So rich, however, is the

Museum collection in types that this method allocates the

great majority of the described species without introducing

any element of doubt as to the correct determination of

species of which we do not possess typical examples.

Certain groups of Australian Muride have already been

dealt with *, namely those with elongate feet and those with

a postero-internal cusp on the upper molars, and there now

only remain the ordinary rat- and mouse-like forms without

the extra cusp on the molars.

A careful examination of these shows that none of them,

except the introduced J/. musculus, are referable to true Mus,

that about half may be retained in Hpimys, the genus of

which “ Mus rattus” is typical, and that the other half may

be referred to the specially Australian genus Pseudomys,

which may itself be divided into four subgenera.

The characters and included species of these groups are as

follows :—

Epimys, Trouess.

Size uniformly large; all Australian species being “ rats ”

and not “mice.” Pectoral mamme believed to: be always

present, the formula, where known, varying from 1—2=6 to

3—3=12.

Skull strongly built, with well-marked supraorbital ridges,

which generally extend back to the outer corners of the

interparietal. Front edge of zygomatic plate always convex.

Pterygoids as in £. rattus, the parapterygoid fossa deep and

well defined.

Molars normal, the lamin never specially tilted up; no

cingular cusp on m’.

Range. Whole of Old World, except Madagascar and the

far north.

Type. E. rattus, L.

* Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xvii. p. 81 (1906) ; op. cet, (8) ili. p. 372

(1909).

hitherto referred to “ Mus.” 605

Australian and Papuan species :—

arboricola, Rams. (=rattus), maorium, Hutt.

assimilis, Gould. mordax, Thos.

browni, Alst. pretor, Thos.

colletti, Thos. sordidus, Gould.

culmorum, Thos. & Dollm. terre-reging, Alst.

evulans, Peale. tunneyt, Thos,

Juscipes, Waterh, vellerosus, Gray.

gestri, Thos. velutinus, Thos.

greyt, Gray. villosissimus, Waite.

lutreola, Gray. woodwardi, Thos,

manicatus, Gould.

Pseupomys, Gray.

P. Z. S. 1832, p. 39.

Size variable, mostly much smaller than in Zpimys.

Pectoral mammez not known to be present in any species,

the formula being 0—2=4 in all in which it can be deter-

mined.

Skull not heavily built and quite without supraorbital

ridges; the interorbital region narrow, parallel-sided, with

rounded or, in a few species, squared edges. Front edge

of zygomatic plate, structure of pterygoid region and of

molars, varying in the different subgenera.

Range. Australia and ‘lasmania, not extending into New

Guinea.

Type. Pseudomys australis, Gray.

This genus contains species of very varied skull and molar

structure, and it is with some hesitation that I leave such

diverse species as, for example, P. australis and P. forresti

under the same generic heading. But as the characters,

marked as they are in extreme cases, seem to be slighter or

variable in others, I think the division of Pseudomys into

subgenera may best serve our present purpose.

Of these there would be four, as follows :—

1, PsEvpomys, s. s.

Size large. General form of skull inclining towards that

of Conilurus and Leporil/us by the flat or even concave con-

dition of the posterior nasal region and the bold projection of

the anterior part of the zygomata. Front edge of zygomatic

plate concave, with a projecting point above, as in Notomys,

though not so strongly marked, Palatal foramina large.

Pterygoid region showing an intermediate condition between

the normal one and the flattened state described below under

606 On Australian Murines hitherto referred to “* Mus.”

Leggadina. Mesopterygoid fossa broad in front, narrowing

backwards.

Molars high, with heavy cusps, more or less resembling

those of Leporillus. No antero-internal secondary cingular

cusp on m' (except as an unusual abnormality).

Type. Ps. australis, Gray.

Other species :-—

Ps. auritus, sp. n. (see succeeding paper).

Ps. higginst, Trouess.

Ps. lineolatus, Gould.

Ps. murinus, Gould * (probably =australis).

Ps, shortridget, Vhos.

2. THETomys, subg. n.

Size medium. Form of skull more normal, but the

anterior plate of zygoma stil] concave in front. Palatal

foramina fairly long, but not widely open. Pterygoid region

normally murine.

Molars fairly normal, but a distinct antero-internal cingular

cusp present on m}. Molar lamin not specially tilted up.

Type. Pseudomys (Thetomys) nanus (Mus nanus, Gould).

Other species :—

Ps. ferculinus, Thos.

Ps. gouldi, Gray.

Ps. gracilicauda, Gould.

Ps, preconis, sp. n. (see succeeding paper).

3. LEGGADINA, subg. n.

Size small. Form of skull normal. Anterior zygomatic

plate straight or convex in front as in ordinary murines.

Palatal foramina nariow. Pterygoid region peculiar, the

parapterygoid fosse broad and very shallow, scarcely hollowed

at all, the ectopterygoids bordering it externally low, flat,

not or scarcely raised up above the level of its floor ; ento-

pterygoids also much lower and less projecting than usual.

Molars very variable, but always with a well-marked

antero-internal cingular cusp on m!. In JP. delicatulus this

is small, in hermannsburgensis intermediate, and in forreste

* In my paper of 1906, “ On the Generic Arrangement of the Australian

Rats hitherto referred to Conilurus,’” this species, following Gould, was

erroneously united with “ C. apicalis” in the new genus Leporillus,

apicalis being chosen as the type. As aresult of this mistake, the generic

description of Leporilus is not altogether applicable, and (an accidental

lapsus calami being also corrected) may run as follows :—Molars, as in

Notomys, without postero-internal cusps. Skull very much as in

Conilurus. Hind feet normal, with the usual six pads.

On new Australian Muride. 607

very large. In proportion to the development of this cusp

the lamine are themselves tilted backwards internally, while

the outer cusps are reduced in size.

Type. Pseudomys (Leggadina) forresti (Mus forresté,

Thos.).

Other species :—

Ps, delicatulus, Gould.

Ps. hermannsburgensis, Waite.

Ds. patrius, Thos. & Dollm.

4, Gyomys, subg. n.

Size small. Skull as in Leggadina.

Molars quite normal; no anterior cingular cusp on m'‘, and

the molar lamin quite of the usual murine shape and

position.

Type. Pseudomys (Gyomys) nove-hollandie (Mus nove-

hollandie, Waterh.).

Other species :—Ps. albo-cinereus, Gould, and subsp.

squalorum, Thos. Ps. (Gyomys) glaucus, sp. n. (described

in succeeding paper).

LXV.—New Australian Muvide of the Genus Pseudomys.

By OLpFieLp THoMAs.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In working out the genera of Australian Muride the

following new species have come to light :—

Pseudomys auritus, sp. n.

Hapalotis murinus, Gould, Mamm, Austr. vol. iii. pl. vii. (1855); nec

id. P, Z. 8. 1845, p. 78.

A large species with long ears.

Size largest of the genus. General appearance very much

as in Ps. lineolatus, but the ears conspicuously longer. Fur

long, soft, and thick ; the wool-hairs of back about 14 mm.

in length, the longer hairs surpassing them by about 4°5 mm.

General colour dark fawn-grey, heavily darkened on the back

by the blackish tips of the longer hairs. Under surface

soiled buffy, the hairs dark slaty for two-thirds their length,

their ends “ pinkish buff” ; no line of demarcation laterally.

Ears very long; proectote black with greyish-white tip,

sparse hairs of metentote also greyish white. Hands and

608 Mr. O. Thomas on

feet silvery white. Tail well haired, brown above, white

below.

Skull as usual in the restricted subgenus Pseudomys,

larger than in any other species. ‘The teeth fairly broad.

Dimensions :—

Head and body (stuffed) 130 mm.; tail (of another

specimen) 125; hind foot 32; ear (dry) 26.

Skull: molar series of type 6°4,

Another skull from same locality: greatest length 35°5 ;

basilar length 30; greatest breadth 28°5; nasals 14°8;

interorbital breadth 4°5 ; breadth of brain-case 15°2; palatilar

length 18; palatal foramina 9:2; upper molar series 6°3.

Hab. South Australia. Type from Lake Albert.

Type. Adult. B.M. no. 53. 10. 22:6. Collected by

F’, Strange ; purchased of Mr. Gould. ‘Two specimens and

a separate skull. Also two from “S. Australia,” presented

by Sir George Grey, and one presented by Lord Derby.

The original Hapalotis murinus, Gould, was described

from New South Wales on a specimen now in the Museum

(no. 53. 10. 22.4). This specimen is allied to, if not

identical with, the far earlier Pseudomys australis, Gray,

and Gould was clearly in error in assigning to the same

species the series collected by Mr. Strange at Lake Albert,

S. Australia. The former has the ears of about the normal

size, While in the latter they are conspicuously larger than

usual, and afford a ready means of identifying the present

species. No doubt Gould’s beautiful plate, which is as

nearly perfect as any illustration can be, was drawn mainly

from his fresh series from Lake Albert.

Pseudomys (Thetomys) preconis, sp. n.

A medium-sized blue-grey species with long tail.

Fur rather loose and shaggy, not so soft and fine as

in Ps. albocinereus, to which this species has a superficial

resemblance. Hairs of back about 14 mm. in length, the

longer bristles and hairs reaching 18. General colour above

““drab-grey,” the median dorsal area browner, the sides

clearer grey. Flanks slightly buffy. Under surface soiled

greyish, the bases of the hairs slaty, the ends dull creamy.

Ears long, dark brown. Hands and feet dull whitish. ‘ail

long, well haired, slightly tufted terminally, brown above,

blackening towards the tip, whitish on sides and below.

Skull about as large as that of Ps. gouldi or glaucus, but

differing from the latter by the undercut anterior zygoma-

root and the anterior supplementary cusp of m’ characteristic

new Australian Muride. 609

of Thetomys, Supraorbital edges square, neither rounded

nor ridged, Palatal foramina 5 ek and narrow. Incisors

slender, more so than in Ps, nanus. Molars light and

delicate.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 113 mm.; tail 129 ; hind foot (wet 26) ;

ear (wet) 21.

Skull: greatest length 30; zygomatic breadth 15; nasals

12; interorbital breadth 4; breadth of brain-case 13:7;

palatilar length 13°3; palatal foramina 6°6; upper molar

series 4°8.

Hab, Shark’s Bay, Western Australia. Type from

Peron’s Peninsula ; a picked-up skull from Bernier Island

(Shortridge). . .

Type. Old female. B.M. no, 58.12.27.14. Collected by

Dr. I’. M. Rayner during the voyage of the ‘ Herald’; pre-

sented by the Admiralty.

This pretty mouse has a_ superficial resemblance to

Ps. albocinereus (which has a local subspecies on Shark’s

Bay— Ps. a. squa/orum), but is really more nearly related to

the Ps, nanus group. It is readily distinguishable by its

pale colour and long bicolor tail.

During the Balston exploration of W. Australia, Mr. Short-

ridge picked up a dried skull of Ps. preconis on Bernier

Island, but he thought that the animal had become extinct

there. ‘The type was obtained during the historic voyage of

the ‘ Herald’ in 1858.

Pseudomys (Gyomys) glaucus, sp. n.

A large eastern representative of Ps, albocinereus.

Size largest of the subgenus. Fur soft and fine; hairs of

back about 11-12 mm, in length. General colour pale blue-

grey, not so pale as in albocinereus ; under surface paler grey,

the bases of the hairs slaty, their tips greyish white. Ears

of medium length, greyish. Hands and feet silvery white ;

last hind sole-pad small, round, ‘Tail rather longer than head

and body, pale browa above, white on the sides and below.

Skull in general characters quite like that of Ps, albo-

cinereus, but larger and more robust throughout. Anterior

zygomatic plate more projected forward.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit speci-

men) :—

Tend and body 938 mm.; tail 111; hind foot 22:5;

ear 18.

Skull: greatest length 29; basilar length 22:5; zygo-

610 A new Genus for Daetylopsila palpator.

matic breadth 146; breadth of brain-case 13; palatilar

length 12°8; palatal foramina 5°3 ; upper molar series 4°2.

Hab. South Queensland.

Type. Adult male in spirit. B.M. no. 92. 8.7.2. Pre-

sented by the Brisbane Museum. A second specimen, with-

out exact locality, in skin.

This is evidently an eastern representative of the beautiful

little West Australian Ps. albocinereus, with which it shares

the general characters and blue-grey colour, but from which

it may be readily distinguished by its much greater size.

LXVI.—A new Genus for Dactylopsila palpator.

By OLpFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue British Museum owes to Mr. Walter Goodfellow a skin

with skull of the remarkable marsupial described by Milne-

Edwards as Dactylopsila palpator*, and a careful study of

it leads me to think it should be separated generically from

true Dactylopsila.

DACTYLONAX, gen. nov.

Type. Dactylonax palpator (Dactylopsila palpator, M.-Edw.).

General characters as in Dactylopsila, but fourth finger

much lengthened, very slender, its claw much smaller than

those of the other digits.

Skull more bowed and more heavily built than in Dactylo-

psila ; muzzle shorter, the zygomata more boldly expanded ;

posterior nares narrower.

Anterior incisors, both above and below, very much

stouter and heavier. Molars more disproportionate in size,

the anterior larger and the posterior smaller than in the allied

form; last upper molar with three cusps only.

This animal has become specialized in a closely similar

way to what has taken place in the Aye-Aye (Daubentonia),

a single finger lengthened and made slender (presumably

for searching for grubs in wood), combined with powerful

rodent-like incisors for gnawing the grubs out when found.

The ends of the upper incisors in Dactylonay are worn off

abruptly at the end by friction, not with the lower incisors,

which touch them in quite ‘a different part, but with some

outside objects, such as tree trunks or boughs.

* Mém. Cent, Soc, Philom, p. 173 (1888).

Mr. G. B. Sowerby on a new Volute. 611

LXVII.— Description of a new Volute.

By G. B. Sowersy, F.L.S.

THE beautiful shell, of which I append a short diagnosis and

figure, belongs to Gray’s subgenus Amoria, several of the

species of which are so pie in form that it would be

difficult to distinguish them apart from the very striking and

constant differences in the character of their colour-markings,

which always render them easily distinguishable. I think it

therefore convenient to call these shells by the several specific

names by which they are so well known, leasing the question

of species or varieties an open one.

The shell here described is similar to one figured in the

“ Voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Alert,’”’ pl. v. fig. K (1881-2), as a

variety of V. volva, from Thursday Island, Torres Straits.

Voluta (Amoria) gatliffi, Sowerby (figure reduced).

Shell oblong, smooth, with only faint longitudinal striae or

growth-lines ; pale flesh- or cream-colour, conspicuously

marked with reddish-brown irregularly waved longitudinal

streaks, which partly coalesce, forming two broken chain-like’

transverse neem with strong mostly angular markings and

here and there diamond-shaped spaces. Spire acuminated,

rather sharp at the apex, then slightly convex; whorls

smooth, very slightly convex; suture distinct, filled with a

thin enamel, forming a light orange band. Body-whorl long,

rather cylindrical in form, tapering slightly at each end.

Columella furnished with four very oblique plaits, and a

prominent ridge crossing obliquely from the base of the

shell and entering the aperture above the plaits gives the

appearance of a fifth. Interior of the aperture smooth,

shining, stained with orange-brown.

Length 95, greatest breadth 35 mm.

Hab. Port Keats, Northern ‘Territory, Australia.

I am indebted to Mr. J. H. Gatliff for the opportunity of

giving a name to this handsome shell.

612 Dr. W. T. Calman on

LXVIII.—On Heterocuma sarsi, Miers.

By W. T. Caiman, D.Sc.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

[Plate X.j

Tue genus Heterocuma was established in 1879 by Mr. E. J.

Miers for a species of Cumacean from the Straits of Korea

to which he gave the name #. sarsi. Although some

details have since been added to the original description by

Dr. H. J. Hansen and by the present writer, certain characters

of the genus still remain obscure, and the discovery of

related forms renders it desirable to attempt a redescription

of the surviving co-types of Miers’s species.

Heterocuma sarsi. (Pl. X. figs. 1-13.)

Heterocuma sarsi, Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 58, pl. iii. fig. 3;

Stebbing, Hist. Crustacea (Internat. Sci. Ser.), 1893, p. 304;

Hansen, Isop., Cumaceen u. Stomatop. der Plankton-Exp. 1895,

p- 56; Calman, Cumacea of ‘Siboga’ Exp. 1905, p. 8; Zimmer,

Cumaceen der deutschen Tiefsee-Exp. 1908, p. 165.

Immature female.—Length of body 17 mm. (fig. 1).

Carapace less than one-fourth of total length, its vertical

height a little less than, and its transverse width about equal

to, one-half of its length. There is a median dorsal crest

anteriorly, which becomes doubled in the posterior half of the

carapace ; on either side of the crest is a shallow depression,

broad anteriorly, but contracting to a narrow groove poste-

riorly. The breadth of the ocular lobe is more than two-

thirds of its length, and it reaches almost, but not quite, to

the tip of the blunt pseudorostrum. ‘The eye in some of the

specimens still shows traces of dark pigment. ‘The antennal

notch is deep and angular and the antero-lateral angle is

bluntly pointed and does not extend quite so far as the tip of

the pseudorostrum. The surface of the carapace is quite

smooth and the lower edge is not serrated.

The free thoracic somites are without ridges and the first is

only exposed dorsally, being overlapped at the sides by the

second; tlie posterior thoracic somites are without ventral

teeth. The abdominal somites have each a dorsal and a

dorso-lateral pair of ridges, but these are very faintly marked.

‘The last somite (fig. 11) has the posterior margin on the

dorsal side excavated, with a median tooth, so that the anal

valves when closed are visible from above.

Heterocuma sarsi, Miers. 613

The antennules (fig. 3) are short and stout, the first seg-

ment of the peduncle about equal to the second and third

together, and the second a little shorter and a good deal

stouter than the third. Both flagella are present, each com-

posed of two segments ; the minor flagellum is shorter than

the first segment of the major. The antenne (fig. 4) have

four plumose sete on the basal segment, and the distal seg-

ment is very small,

The mandibles are of normal form, with about 17 spines,

The maxillule (fig. 5) have a very long and slender palp,

more than twice as long as the distance from its base to the

tip of the distal lobe, with two apical seta. The maxilla are

of normal form,

The branchial apparatus (fig. 6) has a large number of

lobules (about 40) disposed in a straight row. I was unable

to demonstrate the existence of an anterior reflexed lobule,

but am not confident of its absence:

The third maxillipeds (fig. 7) have the basis slightly ex-

anded distally, where its width is nearly one-fourth of its

ath along the inner edge. he distal inner corner forms

a short acute tooth ; the outer corner is produced as a large

bluntly pointed lobe extending as far as the distal end of the

merus and fringed with long sete near the tip. The ischium

is narrow, but the merus is produced on the outer side as an

acutely pointed lobe tipped with a single long seta. ‘he

carpus 1s expanded on the inner side so as to assume a

triangular form.

The first legs (fig. 8) have the basis rather slender and a

little shorter than the distal segments together; it has a pair

of stout spines on the inner edge near the base, and the distal

inner corner forms a small acute tooth. ‘The carpus and

propodus are subequal, and the dactylus is two-thirds as long

as either; the propodus carries at the distal end of its inner

edge a group of very long set,

‘Lhe second legs (fig. 9) are short and stout; the basis is

two-thirds as long as the distal segments together and carries

a setose styliform exopod extending beyond its distal end;

the ischium is suppressed; the merus has a stout spine at its

distal inner angle; the carpus is as broad as long and not

much longer than the propodus; the dactylus is strongly

spinose. The third legs (fig. 10) have a styliform exopod

like that of the second legs, but it does not extend beyond

the middle of the basis.

The peduncle of the uropods (fig. 12) is a little longer

than the last somite and has a row of unequal spines on the

inner edge. ‘lhe ramiare somewhat flattened. The endopod

614 Dr. W. T. Calman on

is about as long as the peduncle and the exopod somewhat

longer. The proximal segment of the endopod is longer than

the distal and has a row of spines on its inner edge, a much

stouter spine at its distal inner angle, and setz on its outer

edge; the distal segment has spines on the inner edge,

increasing in length towards the slender apical spine, and

sete on the outer edge. The exopod has sete on the inner

edge and at the tip only.

Adult male-—Length of body 18 mm. (fig. 2).

The carapace resembles that of the female, except that the

antero-lateral angle is more broadly rounded.

The pleural plates of the third free thoracic somite are cut

away behind where they are overlapped by a narrow tongue-

like lobe from the pleural plates of the fourth somite.

The abdominal somites are without conspicuous ridges ; all

except the last have well-developed pleural plates.

The peduncle of the antennules is not thickened, the third

segment being distinctly narrower than the preceding and

with only a few hairs at its distal end.

The flagellum of the antenna is as long as the body and is

composed of very short segments which, for the greater part

of its length at all events, are not longer than broad. The

distal segment of the peduncle is unusually short and slightly

inflated.

The legs, including the exopods of the second and third

pairs, resemble those of the female.

The endopod of the pleopods (fig. 13) has its outer margin

angulated, but not produced into a narrow process.

The uropods resemble those of the female, except that the

peduncle carries a brush of short closely set setee about the

middle of its inner edge.

Var. granulata, Miers.

The co-types of this variety differ from the typical form

not only in the very conspicuous granulation of the carapace,

but also in having on all the abdominal somites except the

last strongly marked dorsal, dorso-lateral, and lateral pairs

of ridges, and a feebler ventro-lateral pair. In addition the

appendages, and especially the first legs and the uropods, are

a little more elongated. I think it not unlikely that this

form may be found to deserve specific rank when more

abundant material is obtained.

Remarks on the Genus Heterocuma.—In establishing this

genus Miers compared it with Hudorella and with Leptocuma.

Stebbing was apparently the first to place it in the family

— wh s

(OEE Siwes) 2 ovagaaingmey wae, +

_——<«-~SS- se ee C—O EEE

Heterocuma sarsi, Miers. 615

Vauntompsoniide alongside of Leptocuma. Hansen added

some important details to the original deseription, and pointed

out that the genus was more closely allied to the Cumide (or

Bodotriide) than to the Vauntompsoniide, while suggesting

that the two families ought possibly to be united. In

describing H. webert from the Malay Archipelago I pointed

out that, in the disposition of the thoracic exopods, the type

species agreed with Cumopsis among the Bodotriide.

Zimmer, in discussing the matter more recently, comes to

the conclusion that the known characters separating //etero-

cuma from Cumopsis are not of great importance.

Comparing /Heterocuma sarsit with the type species of

Cumopsis (C. goodsir’) and of Vauntompsonia (V. cristata)

respectively, it is found to agree with that of Cumopsis in

the following points :—

(1) In having the dorsal plate of the last somite not pro-

duced between the bases of the uropods. In Vauntompsonia

it is strongly produced, in Cumopsis it is transversely trun-

cate, while in Heterocuma it is excavated.

(2) In having the minor flagellum of the antennules com-

posed of two segments. In Vauntompsonia it is unsegmented,

(3) In having the antennal flagellum of the male composed

of very short segments. In Vauntompsonia they are very

much longer than wide.

(4) In having a large number of branchial lobules.

(5) In having the ischium of the second legs suppressed

(for Vauntompsonia see Calman, Fisheries Ireland, Sci.

Invest. 1904, 1. (1905) p. 16, pl. i. fig. 1).

(6) In having unjointed exopods on the second and third

pairs of legs in both sexes. Vauntompsonia has fully formed

exopods on these limbs in the female and also on the fourth

in the male.

Additional characters of less importance are found in the

first legs, which in Cumopsis have a group of sete on the

propodus apparently corresponding to the very long propodal

setee in Heterocuma, and in the exopod of the uropods, which

has its outer edge devoid of spines in both cases.

On the other hand, H. sarsi definitely diverges from

Cumopsis in the direction of Vauntompsonia only in respect

of two negative characters :—

(1) The peduncle of the antennule in the male is not

dilated distally and carries no brush of sete.

(2) The endopod of the male pleopods is not produced

into a narrow process externally.

In addition to these the form of the third maxilliped

appears to be sufficiently different to justify the separation of

Heterocuma from Cumopsis while not bringing it nearer to

616 On Heterocuma sarsi, Miers.

Vauntompsonia. At the same time it is quite clear from the

characters given above that the first two of these genera are

closely allied and cannot be placed in different families.

There remains for consideration the question whether the

Bodotriide and Vauntompsoniidz should not, as Hansen has

suggested, be merged into one family, and in this connexion

the characters of Heterocuma weberi are of importance. In

this species, of which only a male specimen is known, the

second and third legs bear well-developed exopods consisting

of an expanded peduncle and a segmented flagellum. Ihave

lately examined specimens of a closely allied species belonging

to the U.S. National Museum, which I hope soon to describe

elsewhere, which has similar exopods on these legs also in

the female sex. In ihis species, therefore (and no doubt also

in H. webert), the female can hardly be distinguished from

a Vauntompsonia (especially if, as Zimmer suggests, Bathy-

cuma, which has similar third maxillipeds, is to be united

with Vauntompsonia), while the male only differs in having

no exopods on the fourth legs. Further, H. webert has a

brush of sete on the antennule of the male as in Cumopsis.

It seems clear, therefore, that the line of separation between

Bodotriide and Vauntompsoniide can no longer be main-

tained. It is possible that it may even prove necessary to go

a step further than this. From the group formed by the

union of these two families it is easy to define the Leuconide

by the abbreviated form of the mandible and by the possession

of not more than two pairs of pleopods in the male; but it is

not so easy to be sure that these two characters alone justify

the separation of the family, For the present, however, it

may be convenient to retain the Leuconide as distinct,

although they are more closely related to the Bodotriidz

(sens. lat.) than to any of the remaining families of the

Cumacea,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.

Fig. 1. Heterocuma sarsi, Miers. Immature female (co-type).

Fig. 2. Ditto. Adult male (co-type).

FAG: GOs 55 Female. Antennule.

Fig, Be bo - Antenna.

Fg, 25: 5 7 Maxillula.

Fig: ems a Third maxilliped.

Fg Ss, 3 First leg.

Uc ee Se Pee + Second leg.

T4g.40. ss = Third leg.

Fag. 1G, - Last somite, from above.

Fg AZe 5 Uropod.

Fig. 13. 4 Male, Second pleopod.

On the Specific Names of certain Primates. G17

LXIX.—On the Specific Names of certain Primates.

By AnGet Casrera, C.M.Z.S.

ALMost every author who has alluded to the grey, red-vented

Cercopithecus from South Africk seems to have been in doubt

as to whether the name pygerythrus, F. Cuv., or lalandii,

I. Geoffr., should be assigned to it. As a recent instance,

Mr. Oldfield Thomas indifferently used both of them in his

interesting series of papers on mammals obtained during

the Rudd Exploration*. By adopting pygerythrus in his

excellent revision of the genust+, Mr. Pocock seems to settle the

question definitely ; but I cannot agree with this conclusion.

Cercopithecus pygerythrus was described and figured by

F. Cuvier in the ‘ Histoire Naturelle des Mammiféres’ as a

green monkey with greenish scrotum, whereas the South-

African form is a grey animal and its scrotum is blue.

Mr. Pocock bases the selection of Cuvier’s name on the

argument- that the type of pygerythrus was “ recorded from

the Cape”; but that is a mistake, since I. Geoffroy conclu-

sively showed on three different occasions that its locality

was quite unknown}. Cuvier himself, in the original

description, does not say a word about the locality of the type,

but only that several specimens of the same species were

obtained by Delalande at the Cape. Now, in the zoological

part of the ‘ Voyage sur La Vénus,’ p. 12, I. Geoffroy rightly

explains this statement as follows :—

“Dans les immenses collections faites dans lAfrique

australe par Delalande, se trouvaient quelques individus de

Pespéce précédemment observée par Thunberg, et avant lui

par Levaillant ; mais ces individus étaient tous fort jeunes.

Lors de l’arrivée en France des collections de Delalande,

M. F. Cuvier crut trouver dans ces jeunes Singes le premier

Age d’un Cercopithéque qui vivait alors A la ménagerie du

Muséum, et dont ce savant zoologiste a fait le type de son

C. pygerythrus. C’était une erreur, mais une erreur 4

laquelle il était alors difficile d’échapper: les affinités qui

existent entre le C. pygerythrus et ’espéce de Levaillant, de

#* P,Z.S, 1905, i. p. 255; 1906, i. p. 160, ii. p. 780; 1907, p.776; 1908,

p. 537.

t P. Z. S. 1907, p. 735.

t ‘Dictionnaire universel d'Histoire Naturelle,’ iii. (1842) p. 305;

‘ Archives du Muséum d’Hist. Nat. ii, (1842) p. 78; ‘ Voyage autour du

Monde sur la frégate La Vénus: Zoologie,’ 1855, pp. 10, 13, 29.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. vi. 41

618 Mr. Ay Cabrera on the

Thunberg et de Delalande, sont tellement intimes, qu’ayar

sous les yeux, d’un céte, |’état adulte du premier, sans sont

jeune Age, et, de l’autre, le trés jeune Age de la seconde sanin

son état adulte, on devait étre porté 4 attribuer 4 de simples

différences d’Age les différences que |’on apercevait entre js |

pelage de Vune et celui de V’autre. M. Frédéric Cuvide —

n’hésita done pas a les réunir, et c’est par suite de cette conjr

fusion qu’il donna |’Afrique australe pour patrie au C. pyg

erythrus: espéce n’ayant en réalité pour type qu’un individu-

acheté de marchands qui ignoraient entigrement son originé,

et dont la véritable patrie reste aujourd’hui méme inconnue.”j.__

I. Geoffroy, who saw the type of pygerythrus and compare

it with adult specimens of the grey form collected by Verreau

in South Africa, emphasized the difference between them i

his “Synopsis” included in the same book (pp. 19-34)

describing the Cuvier species as very distinct from the Cap

one “par son pelage vert jaundtre et non gris.” a

We must, consequently, leave the name pygerythrus for |

red-vented Cercopithecus with green fur, the typical habitat

of which is unknown, and adopt another for the grey-coloured, |

form found in South Africa. Desmoulins, who suspected |

before Geoffroy the distinction between them, calls the latte

C. pusillus, attributing this name to Delalande*. Unfor

tunately the name of the French traveller appeared, no er |

accidentally, italicized like that of the animal, thus: “ Cerco-

pithecus pusillus Delalande” ; and it was on account of this |

that 1. Geoffroy considered the term a non-binomial one and |

rejected it, calling the species C. lalandit. Mr. Oldfield) ,

Thomas, to whom I applied for his opinion on the subject, |)

thinks the apparently uncorrect name is a printer’s fault,

as the whole article in which it appeared is written in con-

formity with the principles of binomial nomenclature ; and

I entirely agree with his decision. We must therefore call

the South-Atrican monkey C. pusillus.

Long before the publication of this name, as early, in fact,

as in 1811, the same animal was mentioned by Lichtenstein

as C. glaucus; but no description being given, this name is

merely a nomen nudum.

Now, if we consider all the Cercopitheci with red vent

local forms of a single species, the green one, being

described the first, will be typical, and C. pusillus will be-

come C. pygerythrus pusillus. As for the true pygerythrus,

I think it can be identified with one of the green subspecies.

* Dictionn. Class, d’Hist. Nat. vii. (1825) p. 568.

—

i ee

Specific Names of certain Primates. 619

_ According to Mr, Pocock there are two subspecies—C. p. whyter,

with whiskers completely concealing the ears and very con-

spicuously banded; and C, p. centralis, with whisker-hairs

comparatively short, not concealing the ears, and indistinctly

banded. he characters assigned to the last agree very well

with Cuvier’s figure and description of pygerythrus, and also

with the short description by I. Geoffroy in his “ Synopsis.”

C. p. centralis is from Central Africa, and that seems to be

the habitat presumed for pygerythrus by I. Geoffroy when he

says :—

op La presque identité du pelage du C. pygerythrus avec

celui du C. sabeus qui habite le Sénégal, et celui du C. griseo-

viridis [=C. ethiops], qui habite la Nubie et le sud de

VEgypte, indique a elle seule une analogie trés grande dans

la zone d’habitat de ces trois especes ” *.

_ Of course, tle area inhabited by centralis was quite unknown

9 Europeans in Cuvier’s time, but I think it not impossible

hat an isolated specimen reached Mombasa or the Somali

oast from the interior of the country through native trade,

fhe total ignorance about the origin of the type specimen

oot pygerythrus and the fact that it was for many years the

only red-vented Cercopithecus with green hair known to natu-

ralists seem to indicate that it came from a country unknown,

or almost so, to white men.

To sum up, I give the synonymy of both the green and

the grey forms, according to my views :—

Cercopithecus pygerythrus (F. Cuvier).

1821. Simia pygerythra, F. Cuv. Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr. xxiv.

pl. xxiii.

1822. Cercopithecus pygerythreus, Desmar. Mammal., Suppl. p. 534.

1829. Simia erythropyga, Cuvier, Régn. Anim. sec, édit. p. 92.

1833. Cercopithecus pygerythrus, F. Cuy. Hist. Nat. des Mammif,

sec. édit.

1900. Cercopithecus centralis, Neumann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. xiii. p. 583.

1904, Cercopithecus ethiops centralis, Thomas, P. Z. 3. 1904, i. p. 459.

1907. Cercopithecus pygerythrus centralis, Pocock, P. Z. S. 1907,

p- 739.

Cercopithecus pygerythrus pusillus (Desmoulins).

(?) 1797. Simia sabea, var. a, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, fam. iy.

sect. li. fig. 5.

1811. Cercopithecus glaucus, Lichtenst. Reis. Siidl. Africa, i. p, 507

{nomen nudum}.

* Voy. Vénus, p. 10,

4i*

620 On the Specific Names of certain Primates.

1825. Cercopithecus pygerythrus, Desmoulins (part.), Dict. Class.

d’Hist. Nat. vii. p. 560, and authors generally. (Not of F. Cuvier.)

1825. Cercopithecus pusillus, Desmoulins (attributed to Delalande), loc.

cit. vil. p. 568. a

1842. Cercopithecus lalandii, I. Geotfroy, Dict. Univ. d’Hist. Nat. iii.

p. 305,

Cercopithecus pygerythrus is not the only Cuvierian name

for a monkey which needs discussion. In the ‘ Proceedings

of the Zoological Society’ for 1887, p. 624, Dr. Blanford,

referring to the mistake made in calling the crab-eating or

common macaque, Macacus cynamolgus, called attention to the

fact that F’. Cuvier named the species Macacus trus as early as

in 1818 *. Afterwards, in the ‘ Fasciculi Malayenses’ (Zool.

1. 1903, p. 3), Mr. Bonhote rejects this name and substitutes.

for it fascicularis, Raffles (1822), on the ground that crus was

really an African monkey ; but this view seems to me un-

tenable for the following reasons :-—

It is true that Cuvier, in the original description of Macacus

rus, asserted that the species came from West Africa; but

the characters given cannot be referred to any African monkey,

and the figures illustrating the extract from the same descrip-

tion in the ‘ Histoire Naturelle des Mammiféres’ f clearly

represent the crab-eating macaque. Moreover, Cuvier

himself, in the description of his Macacus carbonarius f,

corrects his former statement about the locality of the common -

species, giving Sumatra and the neighbouring islands as its

true habitat, and confessing he was unaware of the origin of

the animal when he described it. The assertion is reinforced

by Dr. Anderson’s opinion that the “macaque” and the

Sumatran “macaque 4 face noire” of F. Cuvier are only

individual variations of the same species §.

The locality of Simia fascicularts being given also as

Sumatra, this name becomes a synonym of Macacus trus,

which antedates it by four years, and must therefore be

adopted for the species.

It is a pity that the barbarous specific name mériquouina

must be used for the South-Brazilian Aotus originally described

by Don Felix de Azara and currently known as Aotus azare.

The first name is found, as Pdthecta miriquouina, in the

“ Tableau des Quadrumanes,” published by E. Geoffroy in the

* Mémoires du Mus. d’Hist. Nat. iv. p. 120.

1 Pils: eax, ax. (1819):

} Loe, cit, pl. xxxii. (1825).

§ Anat. & Zool. Res. Yunnan Exped. i. p. 75 (1878).

Mr. K, Andersen on new Fruit-bats. 621

* Annales du Muséum,’ vol. xix. (1812); S/mia azare appears

in the list of South-American monkeys included by Hamboldt

in his § Recueil d’Observations de Zoologie,’ p. 357. The

latter is dated 1811 on the titlepage, but it is evident that

page 357 was issued at least in 1812, and after the volume

of the ‘Annales’ for the same year, as the classification and

names given by Geoffroy are frequently alluded to by

Humboldt in his list.

Coming now to the Lemuroidea, I find that the ruffed

Jemur must be called Lemur variegatus instead of varius, the

former name dating from 1792, when it was published by

Kerr in his ‘Animal Kingdom’ as Lemur macaco, var.

variegatus, whereas it was only in 1891 that I. Geoffroy

first used L. varius *.

Tarsius tarsier must also be substituted by 7. speetrum, as

Lemur tarsier was employed by Erxleben in 1777 f, ante-

dating therefore the publication of Pallas’s name Lemur

spectrum (1778) by a year.

LXX.— Ten new Fruit-bats of the Genera Nyctimene,

Cynopterus, and Konycteris. By KNuD ANDERSEN.

Fut descriptions of the forms briefly diagnosed in this

paper will appear early next year in the British Museum

Catalogue of Megachiroptera.

Nyctimene papuanus, sp. n.

Size small, forearm 54°5-59 mm. ; m* and m, subequal in

size to respectively p* and p,; inner cusp of p* not com-

pletely fused with outer; ears triangularly rounded off above ;

colour of back not distinctly mottled with dark brownish tips

to the hairs ; spinal stripe perfectly distinct along the whole

of the back, about 3°5-5 mm. broad; sides of neck, breast,

and belly much brighter in males than in females (but

scarcely any sexual difference in the colour of the upperside).

Hab. New Guinea generally (specimens examined from

various localities in Dutch, German, and British New

Guinea) ; Key Is.; Admiralty Is.; Bismarck Arch, ; Cape

York.

* Cat. des Prim. P- (ai

+ Syst. Régn. Anim. p. 71.

622 Mr. K. Andersen on new Fruit-bats.

Type. & ad. (skin and skull), Milne Bay, B. New Guinea,

19th March, 1899, collected by A.S. Meek, B.M. no. 99.12.3.2. —

Fifteen specimens examined.

Remarks.—F¥ our species of Nyctimene are known from New

Guinea—papuanus, cyclotis (described below), geminus

(below), and aéllo. NV. papuanus is so much smaller than

N. geminus (forearm 70°5-77 mm.) and N. aéllo (815-84)

that a confusion with these is hardly possible. From the

small N. cyclotis it is readily distinguished by the relative

size of m’ and m, (in eyclot’s conspicuously smaller than,

respectively, p* and p,), the shape of the ears (in ecyclotis

unusually broad and semicircularly rounded off above), and

the colour of the fur (back in cyelotis mottled with dark

brownish tips to the hairs, spinal stripe rather ill-defined).

Nyctimene minutus, sp. n.

General size as JV. albiventer (forearm about 51 mm.) ;

m’ and m, not reduced in size; inner cusp of p* completely

fused with outer; ears as in N. papuanus; colour of back

distinctly mottled with dark brownish tips to the hairs ;

dorsal stripe very narrow, somewhat ill-defined, and confined

to posterior two-thirds of back. Hab. Celebes.

Type. 2 ad. (skin and skull), Tondano, Minahassa,

N. Celebes, collected by Dr. A. R. Wallace, B.M. 7.1. 1. 271

(l'omes Collection).

Remark.— The only other species of Nyetimene known

from Celebes is the considerably larger N. cephalotes (forearm

60°5-69 mm.).

Nyetimene varius, sp. n.

Closely allied to N. minutus, as small as, or only very

little larger than, that species (forearm 55 mm.), but with

considerably heavier teeth (c-m! 10, against 8°8 mm.) ; fur

longer, more woolly and spreading; colour of back coarsely

mottled with dark brownish tips to the hairs; spinal stripe

contined to posterior half of back. Had. Known only from

the island of Buru, presumably generally distributed over the

Amboina group. .

Jype. Ad. (skin and skull), Mt. Mada, Buru, Sept. 1898,

collected by A. Everett, presented by the Hon. W. Rothschild,

B.M. 10. i1. 13. 1. ;

temark.—F rom the only other species of the genus known

to inhabit the Amboina group, viz. N. cephalotes (forearm

a a

Mr. K. Andersen on new Frutt-bats. 623

60°5-69 mm.), this form is at once distinguished by its

smaller size, fused cusps of p’*, mottled colour of back, and

feebly developed spinal stripe.

Nyctimene cyclotis, sp. n.

Size small (forearms of type broken, estimated length

53 mm.) ; premolars and Sh peculiarly short and broad,

subcircular in outline (character particularly pronounced in

p* and m', p, and m,) ; m' reduced to about % or ? the size

of p*, m, slightly smaller than py; ears unusually broad,

nearly as broad as long, and semicircularly rounded off

above; back mottled with brownish tips to the hairs; a

narrow spinal stripe along posterior half of back. Hab. New

Guinea.

Type. & ad. (al. and skull), Arfak Mts., N.W. New

Guinea, collected by A. KX. Pratt, B.M. 10. 7. 16. 9.

Tate ;

Nyctimene geminus, sp. n.

Similar to VV. major (Bismarck Archipelago), but smaller

(forearm 70°5-77, against 78-85°5 mm. in major); males

differing by the more brownish-drab colour of the fur (in

major ashi-grey or greyish hair-brown). Hab. B.. New

Guinea ; Kiriwina Is.; D’Entrecasteaux Is.

Type. & ad. (skin and skull), south of Huon Gulf, B. New

Guinea, collected by Dr. P. Comrie, B.M. 76. 7. 5. 10.

Four specimens examined (compared with ten of N. major).

Nyctimene scitulus, sp. n.

Similar to WV. geminus, but free edge of bony palate tri-

angular (in geminus semicircularly concave), and ears con-

spicuously smaller (14 mm. from oritice, against 16 in

geminus) ; general size as geminus, forearm 71°5-80 mm.

Hab. Svlomon Islands ; so tar known from Shortland, New

Georgia, Florida, and Guadalcanar.

Lype. 3 ad, (al. and skull), Aola, Guadalcanar, collected

by C. M. Woodford, B.M. 88.1.5.11. Five specimens

examined.

Cynopterus sphina gangeticus, subsp. n.

Like C. 8. sphinz, but averaging conspicuously larger:

Skull, lambda to gnathion 338-36 (in C. 8. sphinw 31:5-34'5),

624 Mr. K. Andersen on new Fruit-bats.

forearm 73-78 (66—-73°5), third metacarpal 46—51°5 (42-47°5),

tibia 28°5-31 (25-27°5) mm.

Type. @ subad. (skin and skull), Lucknow, September

1908, collected by Major A. Begbie, presented by the

Bombay Natural History Society, B.M.10.11.14.1. "Three

specimens examined.

Remarks.— C. sphinx (marginatus, auct. plur.) falls into

two well-marked geographical races. The smaller C. s. sphing

ranges from Ceylon northward along the western side of the

Peninsula at least as far as Bombay, and along the whole of

the eastern side to Bengal, Assam, and N. Siam (in Assam

and N. Siam it meets the extreme northern outposts of

C. brachyotis angulatus). ‘The larger C. s. gangeticus is

probably generally distributed over the north-western and

central provinces of India, but so far identified only from

Lucknow and Nasik.

Cynopterus brachyotis javanicus, subsp. n.

Similar to C. b. brachyotis, but skull] averaging slightly

heavier, external dimensions somewhat larger: Breadth across

external surfaces of crowns of m!—m! 8*5-9°7 (in C. b. brachy-

otis 7°7-9'2), forearm 61°5-68 (57-66) mm. Hab. Java,

generally distributed.

Type. & ad. (skin and skull), Buitenzorg, 7th Aug., 1907,

collected by Guy C. Shortridge, presented by W. E. Balston,

Esq., B.M. 9.1. 5. 71. Twenty-three specimens examined

(compared with a hundred of C. b. brachyotis)..

Remark.—The difference between this,-the Javan, race

and the typical C. brachyotis is very small indeed; single

individuals are often difficult or impossible to allocate to sub-

species, and it is only on close examination of a sufficiently

large series of both races that the average difference becomes

appreciable.

Cynopterus brachyotis insularum, subsp. n.

Like C. 6. javanicus, but averaging larger: forearm 66°5—

69°5, third metacarpal 42-46 mm. (38-42 in javanicus).

a Baa and Mata Siri Islands, Java Sea.

é ad. (skin and skull), Kangean Is., 21st Nov.,

on , dollested by Guy C. Shortridge, presented by Oldfield

Thomas, Esq., B.M. 10. 4. 6.11. Six specimens examined

(including two from Pulo Mata Siri in the U.S. National

Museum).

Bibliographical Notices, 625

Eonycteris major, sp. 0.

Distinguished from 2. spe/wa by its considerably larger

size, and different colour of the fur. Measurements of type,

an adult female (in parentheses those of eight adult females

ot EL, spelwa; females of the genus Konycteris, it should be

noted, average noticeably smaller than males): Forearm

795 mm. (61°5-70°5), third metacarpal 54 (42°5-49°5),

mandible from condyle 30°5 (25-27°5), c-m*, crowns 13°8

(12-13°2). Back approximately Vandyck-brown, underparts

paler, nearly café-au-lait. Hab. Borneo.

Type. 2 ad. (skin and skull), Mt. Dulit, N. Borneo,

2900’, Sept. 1896, collected by Dr. Ch. Hose, B.M. 8.1. 27. 28.

Remarks.— E. spelea vanges from Burma and Siam south

to Sumatra and Java. In Borneo it is apparently replaced

by £. major, in Celebes by ZL. rosenbergi. The latter species

has hitherto, without sufficient reason, been placed in a

distinct genus, Callinycteris.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Memoirs of the National Museum of Melbourne, No. 3.

Published by Order of the Trustees. 1910.

In this memoir, the joint work of Prof. Baldwin Spencer and

Mr. J. A. Kershaw, a most interesting collection of subfossil bird

and marsupial remains, from King Island, Bass Strait, is described.

The bird-remains referred to are those of a new species allied to

the dwarf emu of Kangaroo Island (Dromeus peroni), for which

the authors propose the name D. minor. A considerable number of

bones, in a more or less fragmentary and friable condition, have been

obtained, and these seem to show that while the King Island bird

was considerably smaller than the existing emu (D. nove-hollandie),

it was larger than the black emu of Kangaroo Island. The skulls

obtained were unfortunately in a very imperfect condition.

Owing, no doubt, to the fact that the authors are perforce obliged

to carry on their work out of the reach of large libraries, they have

had to obtain such facts as they could in regard to the Kangaroo

Island emu from indirect sources. Thus they make but a passing

and casual reference to the skeleton of this bird in the Florence

Museum, and are apparently unaware that it was described at some

length in the Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. xv. part 5 (1900).

* One very striking fact,” remark the authors, “ in regard to the

Ratite is that on insular areas we find a most remarkable develop-

ment of distinct species, and that on continental areas there is a

widespread distribution of a limited number of species.

626 Bibliographical Notices.

“ Throughout the whole of the South American continent we

find only three species of hea; Africa has only three species of

Struthio.

‘* Throughont the whole of Australia there is only one species of

Jmu. Six living species of Apterya are recognized in the islands of

New Zealand, where there also exist the remains of at least twenty

species of Dinornis and closely allied genera. In Australia there is

one species of Cassowary: on the Papuan Islands to the north there

are no fewer than ten species, and of these one species may be con-

fined to one island . . . . or several may occur on the same island,

as in the case of New Guinea,

“Tt is thus apparent that for some reason or another an insular

environment is associated with considerable variation amongst Ratite

birds.”

Their description of the first discovery of the wombat is inter-

esting. That the credit of this discovery belongs, as is generally

supposed, to Bass, is apparently based on a mistake. According to

the authors, the earliest known wombat was secured on Clarke

Island, in Bass Strait, and taken alive to Sydney in 1797. There is

no record of the name ofits discoverer. After lingering in captivity

six weeks this animal was despatched by the then Governor of New

South Wales to the Newcastle Philosophical Society. Later, in

1800, it was figured in Bewick’s ‘ History of Quadrupeds.’

The subfossil remains here described differ in no important

degree from living species.

Fourth Annual Report of the Committee of Control of the South

African Locust Bureau. 8vo. Cape Town, 1910. Pp. 59, with

2 Coloured Plates and 15 Maps.

“Tue South African Locust Bureau was formed in 1906 through

the instrumentality of the Earl of Selborne, then His Majesty’s

High Commissioner in South Africa.” The present volume in-

cludes reports of the appearance of the two most important locusts of

South Africa, the Red-winged and the Brown Locust ( Cyrtacanthacris

septemfasciata and Pachytylus sulcicollis) trom Cape Colony, Natal,

Transvaal, Orange River Colony, Rhodesia, Basutoland, Bechuana-

land Protectorate, Swaziland, Mozambique, German South-west

Africa, and Nyasaland. Insects, whether injurious or not, are always

very uncertain in their abundance, and the Red-winged Locust

has latterly almost disappeared from the British possessions, On the

other hand, largeswarms of the Brown Locust from the Kalahari Desert

in March, 1909, spread over a considerable portion of the adjoining

territories; but, owing to the energetic measures taken against them,

were not able to effect permanent harm. The use of poison and other

means of combating these pests are applied systematically, with

the cooperation of the various governments, and the locust-pest in

South Africa seems now to be well under control. It is hoped that

South Africa will suffer comparatively little from locusts during

the next few years, at any rate. Various interesting matters

Bibliographical Notices. 627

connected with locusts and the birds which prey upon them will

also be found in this Report, in addition to the practical details of

distribution and prevention which form its main re f

Fische der Siid-See.—Part IX. By Dr. Atnerr Goyrner. Being

Heft xvii. of the ‘Journal des Museum Godeffroy.” Hamburg

(L. Friederichsen & Co.), 1910. 4to.

Tue history and scope of this work have been shortly outlined in a

notice in the ‘Annals’ for December 1909, together with a more

detailed account of Part VIII. The promise therein given of a

further contribution to our knowlege of the ‘ Fische der Siid-See’

during the present year has been fulfilled, and it is a matter for

congratulation to the author and to ichthyologists alike that with

the appearance of the ninth part this sumptuously illustrated mono-

graph now stands completed. And if, on the other hand, we must

regret that during the progress of the work the author should have

found the close examination of minute structure to be too trying

for his failing eyesight, we must be glad that he could ayail him-

self of the valuable experience of Mr. Tate Regan, of the British

Museum. For this and for other help received thankful reference

is made in the Preface.

The concluding part of the ‘ Fische der Siid-See’ is concerned with

the families of Muranida (with 81 species) and Pegasida (2 species),

with the Lophobranchii (16 species), Plectognathi (76 species), Sela-

choidei (20 species), and Batoidei (14 species). The distinction and

limitation of the species of some of the generic types, for instance of

the Murvnas, is exceedingly difficult, and can be successfully under-

taken only with the aid of long series of examples, such as are found

in the British Museum. The author urges repeatedly that certain

species inhabiting coral-reefs are especially subject to infinite

variation of colour: compare, for instance, the two plates of

M, undulata (pls. 164 and 165), The dentition, too, usually 80

trustworthy a taxonomic character, can, in the Mursenas, be em-

ployed with caution only; for it not only undergoes changes with

age, but individuals of the same size and, presumably, similar age

may differ in respect of the number and arrangement. of their teeth.

Under such circumstances the compilation of the synonymy must

have been an unusually laborious task. Of Murana meleagris not

less than 11 synonyms are enumerated, of which seven are intro-

duced in recent American literature. Under Murena undulata

are 15 synonyms, of which 3 are due to Richardson, 3 to Bleeker,

and 5 to American authors.

There is a wide field of research open to naturalists and travellers

who may have opportunities of studying the fishes of the Pacific Ocean

in their natural environments. Our knowledge of their develop-

ment and of the changes which they undergo with age is infini-

tesimal. In the case of one species only (Ostracion cornutus) has

the author been enabled to deseribe and figure a progressive series

of juvenile forms.

628 Miscellaneous.

The utility of the whole work has been much enhanced by the

alphabetical index which has been prepared by Dr. L. Friederichsen.

It is a laborious and most meritorious undertaking, extending over

48 columns, which will be of the greatest assistance in referring

to any of the 910 species of Pacific fishes described in, the three

magnificent volumes.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

November 9th, 1910.—Prof. W. W. Watts, Sc.D., M.Sc., F.R.S.,

President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘Jurassic Plants from the Marske Quarry.’

By the Rev. George John Lane, F.G.S.

The Marske quarry is situated on the northern side of the

Upleatham outlier in the Cleveland district of Yorkshire. It is

about 500 feet above sea-level. In the quarry several varieties of

rock are exposed, namely shales, small coal-seams, sandstones, and

a ferruginous bed. The beds are of Lower Oolite age, and belong to

the Lower Estuarine Series. As the Millepore Bed is absent in the

district, the Lower Estuarines and the Middle Estuarines may be

one continuous deposit. From this quarry Dictyozamites was

recorded for the first time in England, its occurrence being made

the subject of a paper presented by Prof. Seward to the Geological

Society in 1903. The writer has obtained nearly forty species

from the quarry, among which are many characteristic Wealden

plants. This discovery is most interesting, especially when one

considers the vast interval of time that elapsed between the

horizons of the Inferior Oolite and the Wealden.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Report of the International Commission on

Zoological Nomenclature.

[We have received an advance copy of the Report of the Inter-

national Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Graz meeting),

from which we reproduce the following as particularly interesting

to the readers of the ‘ Annals.’-—Ebs. }

Financial Aid from the Smithsonian Institution—Owing to the

amount of clerical work connected with the studies conducted by

the Commission, it has been found very difficult in the past for the

Miscellaneous. 629

Commission to render its decisions as promptly as desirable. This

difficulty has now been overcome by the generous grant of the sum

of $2700 by the Smithsonian Institution; said sum is available at

the discretion of the Commission at any time during the three years

following the grant.

In addition, the Smithsonian Institution has placed at the disposal

of the Commission the sum of $500 to be used in publishing the

“ Opinions ” rendered by the Commission in its function as a Court

of Appeal. An arrangement has been made between the Secretary

of the Smithsonian Institution and the Secretary of the Commission,

whereby the “ Opinions” will be published by the Institution and

forwarded to 1100 libraries, to the members of the International

Zoological Congress, and to a limited list of specialists.

Official List of most frequently used Zoological Names.—There is a

desire on the part of some zoologists that certain very commonly

used zoological names should be excepted from the application of

the Law of Priority, and a proposition to this effect has been

presented to the Commission from the British Association for the

Advancement of Science and the Eastern Branch of the American

Society of Zoologists. That this desire is so widespread and so

deeply rooted as is assumed by some of our colleagues has not been

confirmed by inquiries made by several members of the Commission.

Further, an effort made by the Secretary to collect from zoologists

the most commonly used and most important generic names has as

yet met with such poor success that the conclusion does not seem

entirely unjustified that some of our colleagues who may be in favour

of such a list are not as yet sufficiently enthusiastic over the propo-

sition to induce them to demonstrate their desire by placing into

the hands of the Commission the data upon which such a list must

of necessity be based. Further, there are many colleagues who are

known to us to be directly and enthusiastically opposed to such a

list.

After careful consideration of the subject and of the many diffi-

culties involved the Commission has decided to propose to the

Congress the trial of a proposition which it is hoped will meet with

the approval of both sides of the controversy, namely :—

(1) The Commission invites all zoologists to send to the Secre-

tary of the Commission, prior to November 1, 1910, a list

of 100 zoological generic names which they consider should

be studied in connection with the preparation of an “ official

list.” Each name should be accompanied either by the

name of the author of the generic name or by an indication

of the group to which it belongs.

(2) All systematists are invited to send a separate list of the

50 to 100 generic names in their specialty which they look

upon as the most important and most generally used. Each

name should be accompanied by the full and complete

630 Miscellaneous.

original bibliographic reference, by the name of the type

species, determined according to Art. 30 of the International

Rules, and by the name of the order and family to which

the genus belongs.

(3) All zoologists and paleontologists who give courses in General

Zoology are invited to supply the Secretary with a list of

the text-books used in said courses, so that said books may

be indexed for generic names.

(4) The Commission will alphabetize all the generic names sent

in, and will endeavour, according to circumstances, to

determine which are the 100 to 500 most commonly quoted

genera.

(5) The genera selected will be submitted to specialists in the

groups in question, who will be requested to submit opinions

on the nomenclatorial status of said names.

(6) Upon return of the lists from the specialists the Commission

will endeavour to test the names, according to the Inter-

national Rules, and if feasible will publish a list of the

genera in question, with their most commonly used names

and their correct names.

(7) If the undertaking is successful the zoologists of the world

will be invited to give to the Commission the benefit of

their criticisms not later than July 1, 1912, so that the

Commission can restudy the names and submit to the next

Congress

(8) An official list of generic names, with their genotypes, and

with the

(9) Proposition that the Congress adopt said list, and a

(10) Resolution to the effect that no zoologist shall upon nomzn-

CLATORIAL grounds change any name in said list unless he

first submits to the Commission his reasons for making the

change, and unless the Commission considers the reasons

valid.

The Commission believes that this proposition is feasible, but for

the present views it in the light of an experiment, dependent to no

small extent upon the question whether a proper amount of

co-operation is forthcoming. In this connection the Commission

takes the liberty of inviting attention to the fact that the great

advances in nomenclature have been made by colleagues who have

showed a conviction in their view sufficient to induce them to

devote some time to the subject.

)

ACCARANA, new species of, 382,

Achatina, new species of, 533.

Acidalia, note on species of, 245,

Aclytia, new species of, 191,

Acomys, new species of, 229.

Acraga, new species of, 414.

Acrotomodes, new species of, 518.

Adelaidena, characters of the new

genus, 468,

AEzveria, new species of, 156, 181.

Eliomorpha, new species of, 94.

Aferulus, new species of, 535,

Agabotus, new species of, 85,

Agonoscelis, new species of, 95.

Agorwa, new species of, 405.

Agyrte, new species of, 191,

Alzognatha, new species of, 179.

Alestes, new species of, 542.

Alluaudella, characters of the new

genus, 114.

Alouatta discolor, note on, 422.

Altha, new species of, 148.

Amatembuna, characters of the new

genus, 97.

Amaurinia, new species of, 246.

Amaxosana, characters of the new

genus, 92. ,

Amblyomma, new species of, 299.

Amphaces, new species of, 599,

Amphipoda, notes on, 31.

Anacraga, new species of, 415.

Ancara, new subspecies of, 444.

Andersen, K., on new fruit-bats, 621.

Anisodes, new species of, 240.

Anisoperas, new species of, 521.

Anodontites, new subspecies of, 499.

Anomala, new species of, 65,

Anoplius, new species of, 74.

Antestia, new species of, 214.

Apatelodes, new species of, 409.

Aphyle, new species of, 402.

Apluda, new species of, 147.

Apodemus, new species of, 460,

Arachnida, new, 276, 299, 367.

Arbelodes, new species of, 121.

Argyrotome, new subspecies of, 437.

Arrow, G. J., on new Bornean bee-

tles, 64.

Arvicanthis, new species of, 313,

399, 429.

Arvicola, new species of, 34.

Aspongopus, new species of, 221.

Astyochia, new species of, 525.

631

INDEX to VOL. VI.

Asura, new species of, 443,

Atelocera, new species of, 79.

Austen, E. E., on new African phle-

botomic diptera, 337,

Austromalaya, new species of, 376.

Automolis, new species of, 199, 402.

Azygophleps, new species of, 129,

Barbus, new species of, 549.

Barilius, new species of, 555.

Barrella, characters of the new

genus, 367.

Bathrus, new species of, 382,

Batracharta, new species of; 445,

Bertholdia, new species of, 202.

Bethune-Baker, G. T., on new hete-

rocera from New Guinea, 441.

Biomphalaria, characters of the new

genus, 535.

Birthama, new species of, 177.

Blaviodes, characters of the new

genus, 441.

Blechroma, new species of, 232.

Books, new:—The South African

Journal of Science, vol. vi. no, 6,

141 ; Morley’s Catalogue of British

Hymenoptera of the Family Chal-

cididz, 142; Tutt’s Natural istory

of the British Butterflies, 247;

Pycraft’s History of Birds, 333;

Alcock’s Catalogue of the Indian

Decapod Crustacea, pt. 1, fase. 2,

440; Memoirs of the National

Museum of Melbourne, no, 3, 625;

Fourth Annual Report of the

South African Locust Bureau, 626;

Gunther's Fische der Siid-See,

pt. ix., 627.

Bordeta, new species of, 451.

Borrichias, characters of the new

genus, 595.

“Boulenger, G. A., on new fresh-

water fishes from West Africa,

424; on fishes from Angola, 537.

Brycea, new species of, 406.

Bryoptera, new species of, 508.

Buliminus, new species of, 532.

Bunomys, characters of the new

genus, 508,

Byrne, L. W., on a new fish from

south-west of Ireland, 294,

Cabrera, A., on new carnivora from

N.E. Africa, 461; on the specific

names of certain primates, 617,

632

Cadicera, new species of, 342.

Calidota, new species of, 407.

Callipseustes, new species of, 439,

Callomelitta, new species of, 356.

Calman, Dr. W. T., on Heterocuma

sarsi, 612.

Cambogia, new species of, 316.

Capreolus capreolus, new subspecies

of, 297.

Carruthers, R. G., on the evolution

of Zaphrentis delanouei, 145.

Casandria, new species of, 205.

Casinycteris, characters of the new

genus, 111.

Caura, new species of, 90.

Censorinus, characters of the new

genus, 598.

Centronia, new species of, 207.

Cephaloplatys, new species of, 475.

Cercopithecus, on the specific names

of certain species of, 617.

Cerithiopsis, new species of, 10.

Cerithium, new species of, 10.

Chionzema, new species of, 442,

Chlamydopsis formicicola, remarks

on, 57.

Chrysichthys, new species of, 557.

Chrysochlorosia, new species of, 176.

Chrysopoloma, new species of, 176.

Chrysops, new species of, 343.

Cicinnus, new species of, 417.

Claphe, new species of, 561.

Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and

records of bees, 17, 160, 272, 356.

Ccenobasis, new species of, 147.

Coleoptera, new, 43, 64.

Colla, new species of, 414.

Columbella, new species of, 11. _

Connolly, Major M., on the 8. African

Stenogyrinz, 250.

Contheyla, new species of, 140.

Contipus, new species of, 53.

Copidryas, new species of, 168.

Coptotrophis, new species of, 46.

Cornillus, new species of, 52.

Coryphodema, new species of, 158.

Cossus, new species of, 132.

Cristaria, new species of, 499.

Crocidura, new species of, 112, 310,

427.

Crollius, new species of, 85.

Crosseia, new species of, 5. ti

Cryptocheilus, new species of, 75.

Curvella, new species of, 270, 533.

Cuspicona, new species of, 589.

Cyclopelta, new species of, 220.

Cyclostrema, new species of, 2.

Cyllopoda, new species of, 239.

INDEX.

Cynopterus, new subspecies of, 625.

Cyromys, characters of the ney

genus, 507. :

Dactylonax, characters of the new

genus, 610.

Dalaca, new species of, 156.

Dalcera, new species of, 177, 416.

Dalcerides, new species of, 416.

Dalsira, new species of, 215.

Dasyprocta, new subspecies of, 505.

Dasysphinx, new species of, 189.

Dasystole, new species of, 521.

Deilemera, new species of, 448.

Desmodillus, new subspecies of,

399.

Devarodes, new species of, 525,

Diacrisia, new species of, 169, 445.

Dicrostonyx, new species of, 37,

Diospage, new species of, 406.

Diploptera, new, 100.

Diploxys, new species of, 91.

Dippilana, characters of the new

genus, 372. .

Diptera, new, 337.

Disparipes, new species of, 276.

Distant, W. L., rhynchotal notes,

77, 212, 369, 465, 535.

Dollman, G., on new mammals, 226 ;

on mammals from Lake Ngami,

388; on Alouatta discolor, 422.

Donovania, new species of, 15.

Dorcaloemus, characters of the new

genus, 337.

Dorcasia, new species of, 212.

Dregea, characters of the new genus,

81.

Druce, H., on new African and

S. American heterocera, 168.

Dryadocoris, new species of, 89.

Duomitus, new species of, 130.

Dyromys, new species of, 459.

Ebonius, new species of, 51.

Ectenus, new species of, 383.

Egnasia, new species of, 445.

Elzognatha, new species of, 179,

203.

Eloria, new species of, 407.

Ennea, new species of, 527.

Eonycteris, new species of, 625.

Epichnopteryx, new species of,

aba

Epimys, notes on species of, 397;

new species of, 430.

Episcepsis, new species of, 189,

Epitonium, new species of, 4.

Eractheus, new species of, 83.

Eragisa, new species of, 577.

Eribotes, new species of, 470.

es a

e INDEX. 633

Erocha, new species of, 178,

Erupa, new species of, 183,

Ethalia, new species of, 6.

Eubordeta, new species of, 452.

Eucereon, new species of, 192,

Euchetes, new species of, 407.

Eucymatoge, new species of, 331,

Eumecopus, new species of, 377.

Euonyma, new species of, 261.

Euphyia, new species of, 520.

Eupithecia, new species of, 432.

Eupolemus, characters of the new

genus, 596,

Euproctis, new species of, 446,

Euptychopoda, characters of the new

genus, 244.

Euryaspis, new species of, 98.

Euryglossa, note on species of, 167.

Euryglossidia, characters of the new

genus, 358.

Eustema, new species of, 580.

Eutropius, new species of, 555.

Evans, T. J., binomical observations

on some British millipedes, 284.

Evius, new species of, 198.

Exorhabdus, characters of the new

genus, 53.

Farigia, new species of, 578.

Fishes, new, 294, 424, 537; on the

anatomy and classification of Tele-

ostean, 481; on the origin and

evolution of Teleostean, :

Fluxina, new species of, 7.

Forster-Cooper, C., on Microchcerus

erinaceus, 39.

Fulton, H. C., on land-shells from

Muswar Island, 211; on an unde-

scribed species of Dorcasia, 212.

Garceus, note on the genus, 594.

Gavara, new species of, 149.

Gellia, new species of, 217.

Geological Society, proceedings of

the, 143, 628.

Gibbulina, new species of, 526.

Glomeris limbata, remarks on, 285.

Gnathonemus, new species of, 425.

Gonopsis, new species of, 219,

Grammatostomias, characters of the

new genus, 295,

Graphiurus, new species of, 393.

Gymnelema, new species of, 134.

Gymnopteryx, new species of, 519.

Gyomys, characters of the new sub-

genus, 607.

Haas, Dr. F., on new Unionide, 496.

Halictus, new species of, 272.

Hamalia, new species of, 242.

Hammaptera, new species of, 324.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8.

Hampson, Sir G. F., on new African

moths, 116, 145.

Heliactinidia, new species of, 406.

Helicarion, new species of, 58.

Heliophobius, new species of, 315.

Hemijassa ocius, note on, 52.

Hermolaus, new species of, 94.

Heterocampa, new species of, 580,

Heterocuma sarsi, note on, 612.

Heteroptera, new, 77, 212, 369, 465,

585.

Heterosomata, on the origin and evo-

lution of the, 484.

Hiarchas, characters of the new

genus, 601.

Hillieria, characters of the new genus,

476.

Hinton, M. A. C., on new late pleisto-

cene voles and lemmings, 34.

Hirst, L, F., on new species of ticks,

299.

Hirst, S., on new species of ticks,

299; on a new genus and species

of Solifugee, 367.

Hister, new species of, 54,

Histeride, new, 43.

Hololepta, new species of, 43.

Holt, Ek. W. L., on a new fish from

south-west of Ireland, 294.

Homorus, new species of, 534.

Hyaleucerea, new species of, 195.

Hyalinaria, characters of the new

genus, 456.

Hyalurga, new species of, 206.

Hydata, new species of, 234.

Hymenoptera, new, 17, 72, 100, 160,

272, 356.

Hypercydas, new species of, 451.

Ilyphorma, new species of, 155.

Ibaka, characters of the new genus,

213.

Ichneumenoptera, new species of, 155,

Idalus, new species of, 196.

— characters of the new genus,

ee new species of, 516.

Iscadia, new species of, 178.

Ixodide, new, 299.

Julide, bionomical observations on

the, 288.

Kalkadoona, characters of the new

genus, 476.

Kayesia, new species of, 78.

Koogobatha, characters of the new

genus, 590,

Kumbutha, characters of the new

enus, 369,

Labeo, new species of, 425, 544.

Vol. vi. 42

634

Lane, Rey. G. J., on Jurassic Plants

from the Marske quarry, 628.

Lasiophanes, new species of, 328.

Lebedodes, new species of, 118.

Leggada, new subspecies of, 312.

Leggadina, characters of the new

subgenus, 606.

Lepidopoda, new species of, 151.

Lepidoptera, new, 116, 145, 168,

189, 232, 316, 402, 452, 441, 508,

561,

Leptocheirus, remarks on the genus,

Lepton, new species of, 16.

Lepus, new subspecies of, 400.

Leuciris, new species of, 437.

Lewis, G., on new Histeride, 43,

Limnza, new species of, 59.

Linnberg, Dr. E., on the British

roe-deer, 297.

Lophiomys, remarks on the species

of, 222.

Lophocampa, new species of, 169,

Lophosema, new species of, 204.

Lydekker, R., on the hornless

okapies, 224.

Lymantria, new species of, 447.

Macalla, new species of, 181.

Macroplectra, new species of, 156.

Macrotarsipus, new species of, 152.

Magwamba, characters of the new

genus, 216.

Mambara, new species of, 457.

Mammals, new, 34, 111, 184, 223,

226, 230, 291, 297, 310, 393, 426,

458, 461, 501, 503, 603, 607, 621.

Manatha, new species of, 116.

Manders, Lt.-Col. N., description of

Parantirrhea marshalli, 298.

Mangilia, new species of, 13.

Marcusenius, new species of, 540.

Marmosa, new species of, 502.

Martensia, new species of, 529.

Marthula, new species of, 576.

Meade- Waldo, G., on new species of

diploptera, 100.

Megachile, new species of, 278, 359.

Megalopyge, new species of, 416.

Melanolophia, new species of, 509.

Melese, new species of, 202, 402.

Melittia, new species of, 149, 180.

Melvill, Dr. J. C., on mollusca from

the Persian Gulf &c., 1.

Menaccarus, new species of, 80.

Menestheus, new species of, 469,

Menida, new species of, 586.

Meroglossa, new species of, 18.

Mesocia, new species of, 416,

INDEX.

Metarbela, new species of, 124.

Meticulodes, new species of, 522.

Microcheerus erinaceus, note on, 39.

Microtus, new species of, 35, 459.

Microxydia, new species of, 435.

Milionia, new species of, 453.

Miller, G. 8., on new European

mammals, 458.

Millipedes, on some British, 284.

Mimela, new species of, 64.

Minacraga, new species of, 416.

Miresa, new species of, 139,

Mitra, new species of, 12.

Mochus, characters of the new genus,

600.

Mollusca, new, 1, 58, 212, 250, 496,

526, 611.

Monda, new species of, 116.

Monema, new species of, 147.

Monilea, new species of, 3.

Munduala, characters of the new

genus, 584.

Mungos, new subspecies of, 231.

Muritha, characters of the new genus,

373.

Mus, on the generic arrangement of

the Australian murines hitherto

referred to, 603.

Mutela, new species of, 62.

Myappena, characters of the new

genus, 585.

Mycoolona, characters of the new

genus, 475.

Mygoodano, characters of the new

genus, 592.

Naprepa, new species of, 583.

Narragodes, new species of, 434,

Natada, new species of, 138.

Nectomys, new subspecies of, 185.

Nematogobius, new species of, 560.

Neocrollius, characters. of the new

genus, 212.

Neomazium, characters of the new

genus, 465.

Neostollia, characters of the new

genus, 480

Nephodia, new species of, 523.

Nervicompressa, new species of,

449,

Nodularia, new species of, 496.

Nomia, new species of, 276.

Nyctimene, new species of, 621.

Nystalea, new species of, 574.

Obtortio, new species of, 9.

Ochrodota, new species of, 403.

Odaxothrissa, new species of, 541.

Odontotarsus, new species of, 77.

Odynerus, new species of, 101.

INDEX. 635

Odysia, new species of, 512.

(Ecomys, new species of, 187, 504.

(Enetus, new species of, 458.

Okapies, on the hornless, 224, 387.

Olceclostera, new species of, 410,

Opeas, new species of, 267.

Opharus, new species of, 405,

Ophiusa, new species of, 445.

Opisthoxia, new species of, 437.

Orgyia, new species of, 408.

Orthonama, new species of, 318,

Orthoptera, new, 114.

Oryzomys, new species of, 186,

Otocyon, new species of, 462.

Otomys, new species of, 311.

Oxyambulyx, new species of, 448.

Pachycrerus, new species of, 56.

Pachydota, new species of, 404.

Pachyprosopis, new species of, 166.

Pangonia, new species of, 339.

Papuina, notes on species of, 211.

Paradoxurus, new species of, 230.

Paralebeda, characters of the new

genus, 119.

Paramarane, characters of the new

genus, 449.

Parantirrheea marshalli, description

of the female of, 298,

Paraphanta, new species of, 137.

Parasa, new species of, 146.

Parasphecodes, new species of, 274.

Pegala, new species of, 590,

Pitaccon, characters of the new

genus, 447,

Pentobesa, new species of, 576.

Pericopis, new species of, 170, 208.

Perizoma, new species of, 326.

Perodicticus, new species of, 426.

Perusia, new species of, 436.

Petersius, new species of, 543.

Petrocephalus, new species of, 539,

Phomolis, new species of, 196.

Phaloe, new species of, 210.

Pheosia, new species of, 177.

Phortion, new species of, 531.

Phragmateecia, new species of, 128,

Physailia, new species of, 657.

Pilipectus, characters of the new

genus, 445,

Pitymys, new species of, 460.

Platylister, new species of, 50.

Platysoma, new species of, 51.

Pleurotomella, new species, of, 14.

Podocerus dentex, note on, 33.

Peecilometis, new species of, 380.

Polydesmus complanatus, remarks

on, 286,

Polypterus, new species of, 424.

Preston, H. B., on new mollusca

from Central Africa, 58; on mol-

lusea from British and German E.

Africa, 526.

Primates, on the specific names of

certain, 617.

Prionomys, characters of the new

genus, 226,

Procolax, characters of the new

genus, 584.

Prohydata, new species of, 235,

Prosopis, new species of, 25, 160,

Proteles, new subspecies of, 464,

Protoxiea texana, note on, 275,

Prout, L. B., on new Neotropical

Geometridae, 232, 316, 482, 508.

Prumala, new species of, 197.

Psaliodes, new species of, 328,

Pseudzlia, characters of the new

genus, 478,

Pseudagenia, new subspecies of, 76,

Pseudomys, remarks on the genus,

605 ; new species of, 607.

Pacullnphylloden new species of, 456.

Psyche, new species of, 117.

Ptychoglene, new species of, 176.

Ptychorhynchus, new species of, 498.

Racheospila, new species of, 236,

Rachis, new species of, 531.

Rarisquamosa, characters of the new

genus, 450,

Regan, C. T., on the anatomy and

classification of the Zeomorphi,

481; on the origin and evolution

of the Heterosomata, 484,

Retusa, new species of, 16.

Rhinomyza, new species of, 349,

Rhipidomys, new species of, 501.

Rhynchalastor, characters of the

new genus, 110.

ey notes, 77, 212, 369, 465,

Ridewood, Dr. W. G., on hornless

okapies, 387.

Rifargia, new species of, 583.

Rissoa, new species of, 7.

a new species of, 444,

Schaus, W., on new heterocera from

Costa Rica, 189, 402, 561.

Schwarz, E., on two new Oriental

Viverride, 230,

Sciapteron, new species of, 153.

Sciocoris, new species of, 466.

Sciurus, new subspecies of, 503.

Scordylia, new variety of, 433.

Selagena, new species of, 120.

Semmopus, new species of, 241.

Sepontia, new species of, 480.

636

Sesamia, new species of, 444.

Shelford, R., on a new cavernicolous

cockroach, 114.

Smileuma, characters of the new

genus, 323.

Solariella, new species of, 3.

Somara, new species of, 140, 145.

Sorex, new subspecies of, 458.

Soritia, new species of, 455.

Sowerby, G. B., on a new species of

Voluta, 611. }

Spargania, new species of, 329.

Spatha, new species of, 63.

Staphylinochrous, new species of, 149,

Stauralia, new species of, 602.

Stenalcidia, new species of, 513.

Stenogyrine, on the S.-African, 250.

Stenomys, characters of the new

genus, 507.

Stenothoé validus, remarks on, 31.

Subulina, new species of, 59.

Susica, new species of, 140.

Sylvisorex, new species of, 113.

Syngnathus, new species of, 559.

Tamyra, new species of, 181.

Tantia, characters of the new genus,

216.

Tatera, new species of, 394, 428.

—— nigricauda, note on, 291.

Taterillus, characters of the new

genus, 222; new species of, 293.

Teinostoma, new species of, 6.

Teleostean fishes, on the anatomy

and classification of the, of the

order Zeomorphi, 481; on the

origin and evolution of the, of the

order Heterosomata, 484.

Teragra, new species of, 125.

Terebra, new species of, 12.

Teretriosoma, new species of, 47.

Teretrius, new species of, 49.

Thapsia, new species of, 58, 530.

Theseus, new species of, 574.

Thetomys, characters of the new

subgenus, 606.

Tholosanus, new species of, 476.

Thomas, O., on a new genus of

fruit-bats and two new shrews

from Africa, 111; on mammals

from the River Supinaam, 184;

on African rodents, 221; on mam-

mals from Mount Kilimanjaro,

308; on new African mammals,

426; on mammals from N.E.

INDEX.

Brazil, 500; on new S. American

rodents, 503; on new génera of

Australian Muride, 506; on the

generic arrangement of the Austra-

lian murines hitherto referred to

Mus, 603; on new Australian

Muride, 607; on a new-genus

for Dactylopsila palpator, 610.

Thosea, new species of, 138.

Thynnus, new species of, 72.

Tinthia, new species of, 150.

Tonatia, new species of, 184.

Trichocossus, characters of the new

genus, 153.

Trigona, new species of, 366.

Trigrammia, new species of, 438.

‘Tropicorypha, new species of, 87.

Tropidophora, new species of, 536.

Trosia, new species of, 416,

Trypanzeus, new species of, 44.

Tuerta, new species of, 169.

Turner, R. E., notes on fossorial

hymenoptera, 72.

Turris, new species of, 15.

Turrubulana, characters of the new

genus, 385,

Unio, new species of, 59.

Uranomys, new species of, 431.

Vandiemenia, characters of the new

genus, 587.

Varicorhinus, new species of, 545.

Vitellus, new species of, 593.

Voluta, new species of, 611.

Walker, A. O., notes on Amphipoda,

dl.

Warrenia, characters of the new

genus, 321,

Wilmore, A., on the carboniferous

limestone south of the Craven

fault, 144.

Wroughton, R. C., on African

gerbils of the genera Tatera and

Taterillus, 291.

Xenopepla, characters of the new

genus, 238.

Xenopomatichthys, new species of,

542.

Zanola, new species of, 412.

Zeomorphi, on the anatomy and

classification of the, 481.

Zinara, new species of, 137.

Zoological nomenclature, Report of

the International Commission on,

628.

END OF THE SIXTH VOLUME.

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